=iii
 
 TRAVELS 
 
 INTO THE 
 
 Inland Parts o£ AFRICA 
 
 CONTAINING A 
 
 DESCRIPTION 
 
 O E. THE 
 
 Several Nations for the fpace of Sbc Hundred Miles up the 
 River Gambia ; their Trade, Habits, Cuftoms, Language* 
 Manners, Religion and Government ; the Power, Difpofition and 
 Charaders of fome Negro Princes; with a particular Account 
 
 v.^ of Job Ben Solomon, a Fholey, who was in England in the Year 
 i733, and known by the Name of the African. 
 
 To which is added, 
 
 Capt. Stibb s's Voyage up the Gambia in the 
 Year 1723, to make Difcoveries , 
 
 WITH 
 
 An Accurate MAP of that River taken on the Spot : 
 
 And many other Copper Plates. 
 
 Also 
 
 Extracts from the Nubian's Geography, Leo the African ^ 
 and other Authors antient and modern, concerning the Niger. 
 Nile, or G a M b i a, and Obfervations thereon. 
 
 By Francis Moore, Fa5lor feveral Tears to thi 
 Royal African Co7npany of England. 
 
 • '• ' ' ' ' ■ ' .i. ^ , 
 
 LONDON: 
 
 Printed by Edward Cave, at St John's Gate^ for the 
 Author, andfoldbyJ.STAOc, in JVeftminfler Hall j 
 and at St Jolm's Gate aforefaid. M,d c c, kx xvi 11.
 
 GRACE 
 
 THE 
 
 Duke of Montagu, STc 
 
 My Lord, 
 
 BENEVOLENCE is 
 the diftinguilhing Cha^ 
 ra£i:er of your Grace ; 
 and your good Nature 
 is not bound up by any narrow 
 Rules : It is not circumfcribed 
 to a Circle of Friends^, Relations 
 or Countrymen, but extends to 
 all Human Kind : Nay, your 
 Grace (like the Good Man in 
 the Scripture) is well known to 
 be always merciful even to Crea- 
 tures below the Kiiman Species* 
 A a In 
 
 55025S
 
 Dedication. 
 
 In the Wilds of Africa your 
 Humanity is praifed^ and the 
 grateful Arabs pray for you in 
 the Defarts. 
 
 I T is this Chara(9:er of your 
 Grace that makes me venture 
 to lay this Book at your Feet, 
 hoping that your Goodnefs will 
 extend to me, and receive it with 
 the fame Condefcenfion, as the 
 Great P erf an King accepted 
 Water from the Hands of a 
 Pealant. I am. 
 
 My Lord, 
 
 tVith the profotmdejl Refpecly 
 Tour Grace^j- 
 Moft Devoted 
 and moji Obedient 
 Humble Servant-^ 
 
 Fra. Moore.
 
 PREFACE. 
 
 T is the Bufinefs of e'oery one^ 
 i£jho gives a Book to the Tuh^. 
 Ikk^ to make it as agreeable as 
 be can to the Reader, For this 
 Turfofehruention^ Stile ^ Learn^ 
 ing^ and the Ornaments of Elo* 
 quence^ are employed hy tbofe^ i^ho are Ma^ 
 Jlers of them^ for fetting off their Compo. fit ions. 
 ^^ I cannot fretend to any of thoje Accom^ 
 plijhments^ and can ^^ahe my felf upon nc^ 
 thing but Truths and it is not the Man- 
 ner of '■jvriting^ but the SnbjeB^ that is to fay ^^ 
 the Defcripion of a Country^ much talked of 
 and little known^ which muft fleafe in the foU 
 lowing Relation^ I therefore^ be fides my Jour^ 
 nal, thought it my Duty to fpare no Tarns in 
 gliding the Reader from the left Authors a ge- 
 neral Notion of the Countries from the River 
 Gambia, to the more known ones along the Me- 
 terranean Sea. 
 
 Ikeft the Journal whenin Gambia, not with 
 any Defign of printing ity but to improve my 
 felf and^Mep_in my Mind the Things wart h 
 Notice. I waFJBeff'very young, and had net's- 
 iher Time nor Capacity to make thoje Obferva- 
 tions which the Learned World might defire \ 
 
 but
 
 VI P R E F A C F. 
 
 hut what I have fet down is true, and is an 
 exaB Account of a wild Country. I have 
 not attcm fted to emhellifi the ff^ork^ Jince I 
 am ferjiiaded thut Readers will make 
 Allowan-es for ths Age of the Journalift^ 
 <ind will rather chuie ^o read real I' acts tqld 
 in the flaineff iv.i\^ ' iv beautiful Works of 
 Imagination. S. u tK) iO.:'Jng r^? England, I 
 was j^revailed ti^OH to fhhlip this [journal^ 
 hecaui'e it gives an Aicount of the Inland 'Tarts 
 of Africa, to know which the World was ve-r 
 ry curious .^ and of which few Accounts have 
 keen hitherto fublifloed^ and thofe either very 
 ajicient^ or fluff d with Fables. 
 
 Befides my own^ I have added another 
 "Journal by Capain Stibbs. /;/ the 7 ear 1720, 
 his Grace the Duke of Chandos being concern^ ' 
 ed in the Royal African Comfany^ and having 
 confidered of their Affairs with that Greatnejs 
 of Mind natural to him^ foon determined that 
 the carrying on the Trade in the fiddling Man^. 
 ner which it had been for fome Tears faft^ 
 would never anfwer the great Capital Stock of 
 the Company ; and concltided it would be right 
 to make fome noble Attempts for the opening 
 a Trade into the Inland Tarts of Africa j 
 and for that Turfofe^ Captain Stibbs was 
 fent to difcover how far the River Gambia 
 was navigable^ and whether there were Gold 
 (alines upon it \ but they fet out upon that Ext 
 Sedition fo late in the dry Seafon^ that they 
 did not accomplifh the End intended. And the 
 Difficnhics he met ''^ith difgufed him fo^ that 
 
 he
 
 PREFACE. vil 
 
 he ufeth Arguments to pon^e that the Gambia 
 is not the Niger, nor a River of long Conrfe ; 
 which Fad if be could eflablijh^ would jujiify 
 him in not having {ujh d his Difcovery far^ 
 ther. 
 
 Befides this Journal^ I have added fome 
 ^affages out of the antient Geographers and 
 Hiftorians relating to the Niger Nile, fu]?fofed 
 to be the Gambia. Some Tart of Africa was 
 known from the ear lief Ages^ frequent men-* 
 tion being made of it in Serif ture^ and in the 
 Greek and Roman Authors ; but the Ro- 
 mans were acquainted only with what lay 
 near the Mediterranean Sea^ the Countries to 
 the South of Mount Atlas having been but 
 very little^ if at all^ known to them. The 
 ancient Perfians, Greeks, and Romans, in vain 
 attemped to difcover the Head of the Nile, 
 and generally believed that all beyond the Tro^ 
 pck of Cancer was uninhabitable Defarts, 
 (tho' Herodotus /rcw^ the Triefts of E^yipt gives 
 fome Account of that famous River ^ and of its 
 dividing into two Streams^ one of which only 
 faffed through Egypt into the Mediterranean 
 Sea : / have inserted his Account. Long Jince 
 thaty the Nubian Geographer j/^^^^j concerning 
 the Negroes, and the Niger Nile. He flou- 
 riped in the i ^th Century ^ and wrote in Ara- 
 bick very fully of all the Nations lying on the- 
 Niger. His Work frft frinted in Arabick, at 
 Rome, was afterwards tranjiated into l^sitiny 
 and frinted at Paris, 1615), under the Title of 
 Geographia Nubienfis. 
 
 A 4 Thg
 
 viii PREFACE. 
 
 The next '■jue meet iL'hh^ of any Note^ is 
 Leo the African, hy Birth a Moor, of nohle 
 '[parentage^ bred nf in the Mahometan Religion^ 
 and Nefhe'-ju to the Aynhajfador {hit by the 
 King of Fez to the King of Tombuto, 'n-hom 
 he accompanied in that Journey. This Leo 
 was taken by Italian Corfairs, near the Ijle 
 tff Gerby, as he jailed het'-jueen the To^juns of 
 Tripolis and Tunis /;/ Barbary. He "was a 
 Man of Learnings and had '-ju'ith him feveral 
 Arabian Books, befides his own Manuf rifts. 
 At that time Leo the '^th was 'Pofe, whofe 
 Lo've to Learning was tiniverfally known : To 
 him therefore the Corfairs frefented the Moor 
 and his Books. This was a grateful Trejejit, 
 as it gai:e him a Knowledge of 7nuJj of the 
 Inland Tarts of Africa, unknown to the An^ 
 tients. The Tofe encouraged him, and he 
 embraced the Romifh Religion, and his * De^ 
 fcripion of Africa was fnblijhed in Italian. 
 He gii'.es an Account of all the Negro A^^- 
 tions in his Time, from the Mouths of the 
 Niger Eaflward to the Red Sea. 
 
 As theje two Authors, who were both A- 
 fricans, ha^'^je given a better Account of the 
 Inland Tarts of Africa than any other, I 
 ha-ve extracted from them jo much as relates 
 to the River Gambia, which, with the King- 
 doms bordering thereon, jeems to have been 
 the ittmoji Bounds of the Inland Dijcoveries 
 aj the Mahometans Southward. 
 
 By 
 
 * I ft Vol. of Ramufio's CpIIedion pf N^vir-aticns aad 
 Voyages, published at renice, 1554.
 
 . PREFACE. IX 
 
 ^' By Leo it a^fears that Caravans 'u;entfroK^ 
 •Fez /// the Empre tf/ Morocco, through Segel-.' 
 nialTa, to Tombuto, which was then the Name 
 of a powerful Kingdom^ ereBed hy one 
 ^ Soni Heli Ilchia over the Negroes n^on the 
 S'^^Rfver Niger. / have given ail thoje Tarts 
 of his Book which relate to the Way that the 
 Caravans took in their Journeys from Fez 
 to the Niger, which is through Morocco, crofs 
 the Mountains of Atlas, to the Province 
 of Dara, which is in Numidia, and from thence 
 over the Sandy Defarts of Libya. 
 
 77:?^ Portuguefe j^T many Tears pifJoed their 
 Difcoveries^ and Jettled along the Weftern Coaji 
 of Africa as far as Angola ; they afterwards 
 aijcovered the Cape of Good-Hope, and going 
 round it^ failed to the Eaft-Indies. They jett led 
 alfo in many T laces on the Eafern Coafl of 
 Africa, li]? even to the Red Sea ; and from the 
 Coaji of that Sea, difcovercd the Heads of the 
 Nile, which rifes in AbylTmia, ftihjetf to a 
 Chr/Jiian Trince^ called The Negus. The In- 
 habitants have a Tatriarch^ confecrated by 
 him of Alexandria. 
 
 Ludolphus, the German, hath collected 
 fartly from the Writings of the Portugnefe 
 Monks and Jefuits^ but chiefly from the Infor- 
 mation of a Native of Abyffinia, called Grego- 
 ry, the Hijiory of that Country. A Chaper of 
 his^ relating to the Origin and Spings of the 
 Nile, I have thought fropr to infert ; fince it 
 contains his Reasons for believing that the Ri- 
 fver Nile divides^ and that the Weftern Branch
 
 ^ PREFACE. 
 
 of ft tra'oerfes all Africa, and falls into the 
 Atlantick Ocean near Cape Verd, and is calL 
 ed The Niger Nile. 
 
 Shice the declining of the Pcrtuguefc Tower ^ 
 the Englift, Dutch, and French ha^e fojfejfed 
 themfelves of this Coafty the French having 
 a Fort tn the Ri'ver Senegal, and another at 
 Goree ; the Englilh fe-veral Forts in the River 
 Gambia, and on the Gold and Slave Coajlsy 
 and the Datch having taken from the Portu- 
 guefe St. George Del Mina on the Gold Goaft ; 
 and fe^veral other Settlements defejtding thereon, 
 
 I ?nention in my Journal, that I 'vjotdd in- 
 fer t a Letter from Governor Rogers, concern- 
 ing the Natives Account of the Lakes^ from 
 isjh'ich the Gambia comes ; but that Letter 
 being either loft or mijlaid^ I have not been 
 able to frocure it from the Company^ though 
 they have been f leafed to allovi) me to fubliJJj 
 feveral Fxtratis of Letters relating to the 
 D'jfcovery of the Gum-Trade ^ a thing which ft f 
 followed^ would be of v'ery great Advantage to 
 England ^ for there is a great deal of that 
 Commodity tfed in all Silk Manifa[iures^ and 
 could it be had in the River Gambia, it 
 mi^ht be brought to England without Intcr-^ 
 nij^tion from the French, bccaufe the Engliih 
 Comfany fojpfs the Forts in the River Gambia. 
 £ut the French have of late Tears endeavour- 
 ed to monofoU:ze the Trade of Gum upon the 
 Coaft <?/ Senegal, under pretence of an cxclu- 
 five Rigbty becauj'e they ftand foffcffed of 
 two Forts on that Coaft ^ and they fup- 
 
 port
 
 PREFACE. xi 
 
 fort their Claim by bar offing the Nathes on 
 Shore^ who attempt to trade with any Ships 
 at Sea, and by Smadrons of Men of War, who 
 chafe off all the Ship who attempt to trade there 
 with them ; and if they could fur chafe all the 
 Englifh Forts upon the Coaft of Africa, they 
 would then claim an exclujive Trade to all A- 
 frica. 
 
 As I mentioned above, I have given ExtraBs 
 out of various Authors ; to thoje Extra5fs I 
 have added Notes, and attempted to difcover 
 the modern Names of the T laces mentioned by 
 tbofe early Authors, always producing the Rea^ 
 fons on which I ground 7ny Belief 
 
 I thought my colleBi^tg from various Authors 
 what is known of that Tart of Africa, which 
 lies on the Niger, would be pleajing to the 
 Reader, who might be dejirous to fee the whole 
 at one View, andfave the Trouble of turning 
 to many Books, He may from thefe Collecti- 
 ons form his Judgment of what is tnie, by 
 comparing one Account with the other, and fee 
 whether there is a Trohability that the Niger 
 and the Nile flow from the fame I ountains, 
 or that the Niger and the Gambia are the 
 fame. Terhaps it may give fuch Infight to 
 others^ who Jhall be hereafter employed in 
 that Country, as to make them pujh their Dif- 
 ^overies farther. If I had had the Conveniency 
 of thofe Books in Africa, they wottld have 
 taught me to have ?nade fuch Ef;qumes as 
 would have enabled me to give a much better 
 Account than I can now pojjtbly do. 
 
 LET-
 
 LETTER 
 
 T O T H E 
 
 PUBLISHER. 
 
 SIR, 
 
 i^f^^-'^Ji't'^'Ai'ipUrfmnt to your Defire, I have perufed 
 the Journai, and other Pieces, in the 
 follov\'ing Book : They will give great 
 Light into what the curious World has 
 long delired to know, 7h In fide of Afri- 
 ^ . . ^ . . *. ca ; for tho' that CountryHs famous in 
 ^^■:i*'^»:'^t>'4.'^>-S'^'TTrilory from the antientell Times, yet 
 the Inland Parts of it are to this Hour unknown to the 
 People of Europe : The Bounds of it have been ofren 
 changed ; the Anticnts reckoning -.Egypt no Part of Africa. 
 The prefcnt (Geographers divide the World into Four Parts: 
 They account Africa, including u'Egypt, as One. It is a ^'a(l 
 Peninfula, joyned to Afia by an Illhmus, or Neck of Land, 
 which fcparatcs the Red Sea from the Alediterranean, and 
 borders upon Judea and Arabia. It is in Figure almoft Tri- 
 angular -, 4980 Miles from North to South, and 4575 Miles 
 from Eafl to Weft. The Northern Coaft, bounded by 
 the Mediterranean Sea, mms known to the Gracians and 
 Romans. Upon it the Gracians fettled Gyrene, ana other 
 Colonics ; and the Phoenicians the Great City of Carthage. 
 The Remans having fubdued Carthage, conquer'd the Kingr 
 doms of Nu??iidia and Mauritania, and all that Part of 
 Africa whicli bordered upon the Mediterranean Sea, now 
 call'd Barbery, and the Emph'e of Morocco : But the Ro~ 
 
 m m
 
 Letter to the Publisher. ii 
 
 mans never difcoVer'd far beyond Mount Atlas : They knew 
 nothing of Guinea^ and very Httle of the Heads of the Nile. 
 Upon the Declenfion of the Romans., their Provinces in 
 Africa follow'd the Fate of the reft of the Empire, were 
 •fubdiied by the Northern Nations, and the (a) Vandals ereft- 
 ed a Kingdom there, vv^hich was again conquer'd by the 
 Grecian Emperor's Forces under Belifarius. The Eaftern .\ 
 Empire continuing to dechne, the Arabians^ under Mahe- T'^' ' 
 met., and his Succeflbrs the Caliphs, (in whom the Powers of , ' 
 Priefts, Prophets, and Kings were united) made furprizing 
 Conquefts by the Affiftance of their new Rehgion. In their 
 Wars, amongft other Aftions, they invaded and conquer'd 
 Africa, a Climate plcafing to the Arabs (b)., being like their ^ '" 
 ■ own, and a Soil mix'd with Defarts, which is natural to ' ■ 
 fthem. They ftrove to deftroy the P/i'wV>^, the i?(j/^^>^, and ' 
 the old Ntimidian Language, and introduced the Arabick ; 
 yet is there ftill left among the Natives one of the antient 
 Languages, call'd (c) Aquel Amarig, hut whether Punick or 
 Numidia?i is not certain. There is alfo in the Mountains 
 of Atlas a Nation ftill remaining, who retain the (d) Ro- 
 man Cuftoms. The Mahojrietan Religion prevail'd univer- 
 lally. Their firft Conquefts were in the Time of Otman, 
 Third Caliph ; but on the Diffblution of the Empire of 
 the Saracens, in Africa, as elfewhere, the feveral Gover- 
 nors became Kings in their different Provinces. 
 
 (e) AEgypt was governed by a Republick of Soldiers, cali'd 
 Mamluh, or Mamaliks, which afterv\^ards was fubdued by 
 the Tiirkif) Emperor. About two Ages fince, three Re- 
 publicks of Soldiers, under the Protedion of the Turkifh 
 Emperor, grew up on the Coaft of Barbary, viz. Tripoly, 
 Tunis, and Algiers. That Part of Africa, which is now the , 
 Empire of Morocco, was formerly divided into many Go- . - 
 vernments under different Princes or Republicks : It is verv 
 fertile, and was very rich : The two moft confiderable 
 Kingdoms were thofe of Fez and Morocco, each of which 
 had a noble Town for its Capital, and flourifh'd in Arts and 
 , Arms, and grew very rich, by reafon of the Commerce 
 for Gold with the Negroes, which was then brought over 
 Lund from Tombuto. The Natives of the Country, who 
 were of the Numidlan and Mauritanian Race, which are 
 divided 
 
 {a) \'ide Vrccofium. \h) ViJe 1(0^ Extra<fls, p. 28^ 
 
 {c) ibidem. (d) Ibid. p. 40. (f) Knozvle'i l\\i\. 
 
 of the Turks.
 
 Ill 
 
 Letter to the Publisher. 
 
 divided into Five Tribes, being driven out upon the Arabian 
 Conqueft-, retired Southward, and they divided all the Coun- 
 try of the Negroes which lies upon the Niger into Fifteen 
 Parts, which they call'd Kingdoms, and each Tribe was to 
 take and conquer Three of them : Which they did ; and 
 thefe were the Fifteen Kingdoms of the Negroes, in which 
 the Race of the Kings and Lords were Li^ans, with high 
 Nofes, and thin Lips, and Mahometans by Religion, and the 
 conquer'd People were Negroes. 
 
 Before the Moors mix'd amongft them, the Negroes were 
 entirely ignorant of Arts and Letters, and of the Ufe of 
 Iron : They lived in common, having no Property in Lands 
 nor Goods, no Tyrants, nor fuperior Lords ; but fupported 
 themfelves in an equal State upon the natural Produce of 
 the Country, which afforded plenty of Roots and Game, 
 and Honey made by Bees in hollow Trees : Ambition or 
 Avarice never drove them into Foreign Countries, to fubdue 
 or cheat their Neighbours. Thus they lived without Toil 
 or Superfluities (a). And this the Greeks and Romans be- 
 lieved to be the Firft State of Mankind, which they defcribe 
 in the Golden Age: And as there is no Winter between the 
 Tropicks, perhaps they mean that Climate, by the perpetual 
 Springy they attributed to the Golden Age ; and very likely 
 this innocent State of theirs is the Reafon that Homer faid 
 Gods converfcd with them, and made them every Year a 
 Vifit for 12 Days. 
 
 Z«Vf ^ STT* WAiAvlv fMT UfXVfAOVOC; Al^lOTTt^Otf 
 
 Awhx»T*i ^i TBI a</0»f tAdOVf^* t^^Au^aro'vcTfi. (b) 
 
 And thus Owd, 
 
 Aurea prima fata eft Mtas, qua Vindice nutlOf 
 Sponte fua fine Lege Fidem, Rehumque colehat, 
 PocTia Metufque abcrant ; nee Verba minacia fixo 
 /Ere legehantur j nee Jupplex ttirba timcbant 
 
 Judicii 
 
 (a) Vide Lco\ Extraft?, p. 65. 
 
 {b) The Sire of Gods, nnd all tP Etherial Train, 
 On the warm Limits of the farthejl Main, 
 Noiv mix tvith Mortals, nor difdain to grace 
 The T-afls of i^Ethiopia'/ blamelefs Race : 
 Twelve Days the Potu'rs indulge the genial Rite, 
 Returning with the Tzuelfth revolvirtg Light. Pope.
 
 Letter to the Vvblishek, iv 
 
 Judicis Ora fui, fed erant fine V'mdice tutu 
 No7idum cafa fun, peregrinum ut viferet Orbe?ny 
 Montihis^ in Uquidas Pinus defender at Undas, 
 Nullaque Mortales, praster fua, Littora norant ; 
 Nondum pracipites cingebafit Oppida Fofja : 
 Non Tuba direili, non /Eris Cornua fiexi, 
 Non Galea y non Enfts^ erant. Sine Militis ufu, 
 Mollia fecurse peragebant Otia Gentes. 
 Ipfa quoque immunis Rafiroque inta^a, nee uUis 
 Saucia Vomeribus., per fe dabat omnia Tellus : 
 Contentique Cibis nulla cogente creatis, 
 Arbuteos Foetus, montanaque Fraga legebant, 
 Cornaque, &" in duris harentia' Mora Rubetisy 
 Et qua deciderant patula Jovis Arhore Glandes, 
 Ver erat seternum, placidique tepentibus Juris 
 Mulcebant Zephyri natos fine Sefnine Flores, 
 Mox etiam Fruges Tellus inarata ferebat : 
 Nee renovatus Ager gravidis canebat Arijlis. 
 Flumina jam La£tis, jam Flumina Ne^aris ibant ; 
 Flavaque de viridi ftillabant Ilice Mella fa}. 
 
 The 
 
 (a) The Golden Jge was firfi, when Man yet new 
 No Rule hut uncorruptcd Re a/on knew. 
 And with a native Bent did Good purfue. 
 Vnforc'd by Puvijhment, miazd'a by Fear, 
 His Words were fmple, and his Soul fincere. 
 Needleft was zoritten Law where none opprefs'd, 
 *Ihe Law of' Man was written in his BreaJ}. 
 No fuppliant Crowds before the Judge appear' d^ "^ 
 
 No Court ereBed yet, nor Caufe was heard \ > 
 
 But allwasfafe, for Confdence was their Guard. 3 
 
 The Mountain-Tees in dijlant RrofpeB pleafe. 
 Ere yet the pine defended t: the Seas: 
 Ere Sails were fpread, new Oceans to explore, '7 
 
 And happy Mortals, unconcerned for more, > 
 
 Confn'd their Wijhes to their native Shore. 3 
 
 No Walls were yet, nor Fence, nor Mote, nor Mound, 
 Nor Drum was heard, nor Tumpefs angry Sound', 
 Nor Szoords were forged; but void of Care and Crime, 
 The foft Creation fept away their Time. 
 The teeming Earth, yet guiltlefs of the Plough, 
 And unprovoked, did fruitful Stores allow : 
 Content with Food which Nature freely bred, 
 Qn Wildings , and on Strowberrie;, they f/di 
 
 Corndi
 
 V Letter to the Publisher. 
 
 The LibyanTnhz o^Sanhagla (who wore Coats of Mail,-werfe 
 Horfemen, and ufed Spears headed wiih Iron, Scymitars and 
 Arrows) coming amongft thefe harmlefs and naked People, 
 made as rapid Conquelts as the Spaniards did in A?nerica, 
 and contemned the Natives as much, looking upon them as 
 Brutes, becaufe they were not Mahometans, nor inftruded 
 in Avarice, nor ruled by Tyrants j for which the Moors 
 upbraided them, as wanting the Knowledge of Religion, 
 Property and Government. 
 
 The Nubian Geographer, and Leo the African^ give an 
 Account of thefe Fifteen Kingdoms, in which the Moors 
 propagated the Mahoinetan Religion, and all the Countries 
 lying on the Niger ^ ftom JEthiopia to the Atlantick Ocean, 
 were fubdued by them. 
 
 About the 14th Century, a Native Ncgroe, call'd Soni 
 Heli Ifchia, expell'd the Moorijh Conquerors : But tho' the 
 Negroes threw off the Yoke of a Foreign Nation, yet they 
 return'd not to thcij firft Simplicity of Manners ; Tyranny, 
 Luxury and Avarice, v/hich the Negroes had learnt from 
 the politer Moors, continued to tyrannize over the Negroes, 
 after they were freed from the Men who had introduced 
 them : They only fhifted their Chains, and changed a Lir 
 hyan for a Negroe Maflcr. Sojii Hcli Ifchia continued the 
 Regal Government, and himfelf became King, and led 
 the Negroes on to Foreign Wars, filling all Africa with 
 Blood and Slaughter. He conquered moll of the Fif- 
 teen Kingdoms upon the Niger, expelling the Kings and 
 Moorijh Tribes from their Dominion over the Negroes. He 
 generally put the Kings to death ; but when he invaded the 
 ^"Jollciffs, being apprehenfive by their Neighbourhood to the 
 Defarts, that ihey would be fupported by all the Race of 
 Sanhagai, he agreed to leave the Family of Sanhagai in Pof- 
 feflion of the Kingdom of Gualata, they remaining Tri- 
 butary to him. And the Family of Njay to this Hour 
 continue Kings of the JoUoiffs : They feem by their Name 
 
 to 
 
 Conu'h and Bramble-Berries gave the rej}, . 
 
 And faliing Acorns furnipd out a Fcaft : 
 
 The tlr.vrs unfown, in Fields and Meadozcs reigned. 
 
 And Wejlcrn tfinds immortal Spri?ig maintain d. 
 
 In plhzving Tears the bearded Corn enjii'd. 
 
 From Earth unasked, nor zvas that Earth renew" d ; 
 
 From Veins of Vallies Milk and NeSlar broke. 
 
 And llofiey jiveating thro* the Peres of Oak. Garth.
 
 Letter /^f^^ Publisher. vi 
 
 to be of the Tribe of Sanhagai ; who, having efcaped the 
 Storm of Ifchid's Arms, ftill maintain tlie Moorish Power in 
 that Country : Whereas all the reft of the Moorijh King- 
 doms are deftroy'd, and Jfch'ia upon the Ruins eredled a 
 mighty Empire ; having conquer'd all from Tomhuto Weft- 
 ward to the Sea, and Eaftward to the Frontiers of the 
 AbyJJines^ making above 3000 Miles in Length. 
 
 Since Leo^ the Europeans have had very little Knowledge 
 of thefe Parts of Africa^ nor do they know what is become 
 of fo mighty an Empire : It is highly probable that it broke 
 to pieces, and that the Natives again refumed their Cuftoms ; 
 and indeed, in Gambia^ as far as the Author of the Journal 
 has been, we find a Mixture of the Moorifl) and Mahometan 
 Cuftoms with the original Simplicity of the Negroes. 
 
 In the Kingdom of Gualata^ or xhtJoUoiff's^ {now Bar/ally) 
 Government, or Tyranny, is extended to its utmoft Lines 
 by the Family of the N'ja/s. In other Parts, particularly 
 amongft the Mutidingoes^ the Authorities of the Kings are 
 much lefs ; and amongft the Floops and Pholeys they have 
 no Kings at all, the Lands in general are common, every 
 one taking as much as they want, and no one defiring more 
 than they ufe ; but the Crops are the Properties of thofe 
 who have tilled that Ground : And this, and the Valuing 
 of Gold, the Negroes have kept from the Moorijh Cuftoms, 
 as alfo a great Veneration for the Mahometan Religion. 
 
 The prefent Morocco Embaflador, Admiral Pere%^ fays, 
 that the Town of Tombuto is ftill in being, and that it is 
 fubjedl to the Emperor of Morocco^ and govern'd by a Bafha 
 or Governor appointed by him, who is generally of the Race 
 of the antient Kings: And that the chief Part of the Army 
 
 us of Blacks^ which has made fo confiderable a Figure of late 
 in the Empire of Morocco^ and hath made and unmade 
 Emperors, was raifed and is recruited from Tombuto. 
 
 As the Knowledge and Conquefts of the Romans extended 
 
 ' c^ not much beyond Mount Atlas ; fo the utmoft Difcoveries . 
 of the Arabians^ Moors and Mahometans, extended not much 
 to the South of the River A'z^^r. OntheW'efternCoaftofy^/vV^ 
 the Portugueze, in the Year 1498, urged on by Thirft of Gold, 
 and a Fondnefs of propagating by Arms the Romijh Rehgion, 
 (Enthufiafm in Religion and Knight-Errantry in Arms 
 being then the Fafhion) difcover'd Africa to be a Peninfula, 
 and failed round the Cape of Good Hope to the Eajl Indies. 
 They harrafled extreamly the Moorijh Governments of 
 
 A A Mo'
 
 vii Letter to the Publisher* 
 
 Morocco and Fez^ came by Sea into the Rivers Senegal and 
 Gambia^ and furnifhing the Natives with thofe Things which 
 they before bought from the Moor^^ turned the Trade of 
 Gold and Elephants Teeth from Morocco to Portugal. 
 Having pafs'd the Cape of Good Hope., they difcover'd the 
 Eaftern Part of Africa^ and made very confiderable Settle- 
 ments at Mozambique^ upon that Part of Africa which is 
 bounded by the Eajl Indian Sea ; then entring the i^<riSea, 
 and landing on the African Side, they difco^'er'd the Chri- 
 fian Kingdom of Abyjffinia, and the fecret Heads of the 
 Nile ; a Difcovery which had baffled the Enquiries of all 
 the antient World, which had been in vain attempted 
 by the Perfans^ Greeh and Remans^ and \vhich was eftcem'd 
 fo great an Enterprize, that Lucan makes Cafar fay, 
 
 Sed cum tanta meo vivat fub PeHore Virtus^ 
 TaJitus Amor Feri, nihil ejl quod nofcere malini 
 ^am Fluvii Caufa^ per fecula tanta latenteSy 
 Jgmtumque Caput Spes ft mihi certa videndi 
 Niliacos Fmtes^ Bellum civile relinquam (a). 
 
 And in another Place the wife Achoreus fays, 
 
 ^ua tibi nofcendi Nilum, Romane, Cupido ejiy 
 Et Phariis, Perfifque fuit^ Macetumquc Tyrannis j 
 NuUaque non jEtas voluit conferre futuris 
 Notitiam ; fed vincit adhuc Natura latendi. 
 Summus Alexander Regum quos IVIemphis adorat 
 Invidit Nilo, mifitque per ultima Terra 
 yEthiopum Le^os ; illo: rubicunda perujii 
 Zona Poli tfnuit Nilum videre cakntem. 
 Fenit ad Occafum, Mundique extrejnn Sefoftris, 
 f^t Pharios Currus Regum Cervicibus cgit : 
 
 Antk 
 
 (a) Lcf:g has my cur'r,us Soul, from early Voutby 
 loiPd in the noble Search of f acred Truth: 
 Yet fill no Viezvj have ur^d my Ardour more, 
 than Nile'/ remotejl Fountain to explore ; 
 *Ihenfa)\ what Source the famous Stream ftppliesy 
 And bids it at rerolvifig Periods rife ; 
 Shew me thai Head from whence, fince Time hegurty 
 The long Succeffion of his Waves has run : 
 This kt me knozv, and all wy Toils fhall ceafe ; 
 The Smrd befheath'd, and Earth ke bjeji'd with Puce.
 
 Letter to the Publisher, viii 
 
 Ante tamcn veJ}}-os Jnmes, Rhodanumque Padumqi 
 ^Mm Nilum de Fontc h'lbit. Vejmus in Ortus 
 Cambyfes longi Populos pervenit ad ^w, 
 Defe^ufque Epulis, & pajhis Cade fuorum^ 
 ignoto te, Nile, redit (aj. 
 
 A Defcription of the Fountains and Courfe of the Islik. 
 cannot but be agreeable to the Curious, and therefore the 
 Chapter on that Subjeft from the Learned Ludolphus is very- 
 proper ; but whether the Nile divides, flowing part into 
 the Mediterranean^ and part into the Atlantick Sea, and 
 whether the Gambia be one of the Branches of the Nile^ 
 the Author pretends not to decide ; but hath laid all the 
 Difcoveries that have yet been made before the Reader. 
 
 There remains flill unknown the Inland Parts oi Africa i 
 and of part of thofe, the "Journal hereto annex'd gives an 
 Account ; that is to fayj of what lies upon the River 
 
 Gam- 
 
 (a) iW, C^far, is ih'^ Search of Knozu ledge Ji range i 
 Well may tky boundlefs Soul defire to rangSy 
 Well may Jhe Jlrive NileV Fountain to explore. 
 Since mighty Kings have fought the fai?ie before : 
 Each for the fir fi Dij'cov'rer would be knozvn. 
 And hand, to future l^imes, the Secret down: 
 But fllll their Pozv'rs were exercis'd in vairiy 
 While latent "Nature mocU'd their fruit lefs Paifi. 
 PhilipV Great Son, zohom Memphis ^ill records 
 Ihe Chief of her illuflrious fceptcfd Lords, 
 Sent, f his ozon, a chofen Number forth, "^'^^ 
 
 ?3 trace the tvoncfrous Strcarrl's fh\fferious Birth. 
 Thru^ ^-EthiopiaV Plains they journey' d on^ 
 ""Till the hot Sun oppos'd the burnmg Zone ; 
 There, by the God^s refifllefs Beams . repel P J, 
 Av. ttnbcginning Stream they flill beheld. 
 Fierce ca?ne Sefollris from the Eaflern D/!wri, 
 On his proud Car by captive Monarchs drazvn ; 
 His lazvlefs Will, impatient of a Bound, 
 Commanded Nile'j hid Fountain to be found: 
 But fooner much the Tyrant might have knozvn 
 Thy fam'd HsCpenzn Po, cr Gallick Rhore. 
 Cambyfe?, too, his daring Peifians led. 
 Where hoary Age make white the .-EthiopV Head ', 
 ''Till fore dfirefi'd, and deflitute of Food, 
 H-e flaiiPd his hungry Jazvs with human Blood, 
 'TUl haf his Hoft 'the other half devoured, 
 Aiid left the Nile behiird \m uncxpkfd.
 
 ix Letter /<? ?/j^ Publisher. 
 
 Gambia j and very probably this is the Country defcribed by 
 Leo under the Names of Ghana, Ghinea and Gualata. 
 
 Perhaps it may not be difagreeable to the Reader, to 
 give fome general Notion of the Country from the Gambia 
 to the Mediterranean Sea. At a confiderable Diflance to 
 the South of the Streights of Gibraltar is Jtlas, a Ridge of 
 Mountains, which run parallel to the Mediterranean Sea, 
 fo extreamly high, and fo little known, that the Antients 
 faid they fupported the Sky. 
 
 Oceani jinem juxta Solemque cadentem 
 
 Ultimus iEthiopum Locus ejl, ubi maximus Atlas 
 
 Axem Humero torquet Stellis ardentibus aptmn. V i r g . 
 
 The Land between thofe Mountains and the Sea is ex- 
 treamly fertile, yielding Wheat, Olives, Cattle, Isc. The 
 Tops of the Mountains are co^'er'd with perpetual Snow. 
 The Sides are cloathed with Woods, and in their Valleys rife 
 thofe clear cool Streams that render Mauritania^ now call'd 
 the Kingdom of Morocco^ fertile. To the South of Mount 
 Atlas^ extending from the Ocean to the 'Nile, parallel to 
 the Mediterranean Sea, is the Land of Dates : This is a fte- 
 ril Country, full of fandy Defarts, producing no Corn; 
 yet not quite fo barren, but that in many Places the Palm- 
 Trees grow, and the Fruits which they yield, call'd Datesj 
 fupply the Natives inftcad of Bread (a), and feiTe their 
 Cattle for Forage (b) ; fo that Providence hath wifely given 
 Food to the Inhabitants of the Defarts. This remarkable 
 Difference of Food, viz. eating Dates inftead of Corn, 
 could not efcape the piercing Eye of Homer ; he calls them 
 Lotos i and defcribes the Wine drawn from the Palm- 
 Tree, as well as the fweet Dates : 
 
 ao7*/> ^iKclrij iTri^yj/uSjj 
 
 Tcuijg Accjo^pdycoVy ©tr' civ9ivov ei^ctp 'idovtriv. 
 ' Ev$ct iTT yjTrei^ov /S^f^'j % dcpvosctfjuo vacop, 
 Ati|/ct Q ^otTTvov e^ovjo S'CKg 'Zr^^ v'/]V(riv iTUApoi, 
 AvTccp iTrei (Titvic t 'i7ruoyuiA,i()' y,^\ 'Z!rolrjT(^j 
 L^ TiT lycuv kra^ovg 'txrpoiyiv 'zsr^^itrdeiu icvjugy 
 
 Oio' cu\p' oi^c/Mi/jci fxlyiv dvo^tri Acolo(pctyoiiTi. 
 (a) i^e's Extradls, p. 31. {l>) Ibid. p. 63. oCo
 
 L E T T E R /<? ?/j<? P U B L I S H E R. X 
 
 Ova iT dTTct/yyeiKcM -sirctAii/ jj^gAei', ov^\ vegoSr* 
 'a A a' ew]^ (iahovTD jttgr' Av^^m Au\o(pd,yoi(Ti 
 AaiTzv ipiTrjof^oi [^mfd/jy vo^n n Act^ec^ Ca), 
 
 To the South of the Land of Palms lye the Libyan 
 Defarts, one wide-extended Wafte of Sand, boundlefs, and 
 level to the Eye, as the Sea ; and when the Wind blows, 
 agitated by it, which is finely defcribed in Cato 5 
 
 So, where our wide Numidian Wajles extend^ 
 Sudden th* impetuous Hurricanes defcend\ 
 IFheel thro' the Air^ in circling Eddies play^ 
 Tear up the Sands, and [weep whole Plains away, 
 The helplefs Traveller, with wild Surprize, Ti- 
 
 Sees the dry Dejart all around him rife, > 
 
 And, ftnother'd in the diijly Whirlwind, dies. 3 
 
 Cato. 
 
 Even thefe miferable Countries are inhabited : The Ara- 
 bians dwell with pleafure amongft the Sands ; for Leo fays, 
 an Arabian without a Defart, is like a Fifh out of Water. 
 Providence hath made Man to be capable of inhabiting all 
 Parts of this Earthly Globe j and hath given to him fuch 
 
 kind 
 
 { a ) the tenth ivc touch' d^ by various Errors toft, 
 the Land of Lotos, mid the fiow'ry Coaft. 
 We climb''d the Beach^ and Springs of Water found, 
 then fpread our hafty Banquet on the Ground, 
 three Men were fent, deputed from the CrezOy 
 (An Herald one) the dubicus Coaft to view^ 
 And learn zvhat Habitants poffejs'd the Place. 
 they went, and found an ho/pit able Race : 
 Not pro?ie to ill^ nor ft range to foreign Guefl, 
 tf:ey eat, they drink, and Nature gives the Feaft ; 
 the trees around the?n all their Food produce. 
 Lotos, the Name ; divine, neSlareous Juice / 
 (thence caWd Lotophagi) zvhich whop taftes^ 
 Infntiate riots in the fweet Repafts ; 
 Nor other Home, nor other Care intends. 
 But quits his Houfe, his Country, and hi) Friends.
 
 x 
 
 ^i "LeTTIK to tbe VVBLISHI^K- 
 
 kind of Organs as form themfelves to the Heat or Cold^ 
 Moifture or Drowth of the Qimate he is bred in. The 
 Lapknden hve with Comfort near the Pole i and the Liby- 
 ans are happy in thefe Defarts. The fame Wifdom that 
 has contrived Man's Organs capable of becoming fuitab!e to 
 the Climate, has given other Animals, and Food for thofe 
 Animals fuirable to it likewife. Amongft thefe Sands there 
 are forhe Places Icfs barren, where Thorns, Briars and the 
 poorell of Herbage grows, yet fuch as the Camels can feed 
 upon. The Oflrich alfo, and fome other kind of Creatures 
 found by Nalure to fubfill amongft thefe Sands, live here, 
 and the ramblmg Tribes of Arabs feed upon their Flefti, 
 but their chief Dependar.ce is upon the Camel, which is 
 their Wealth. They keep them as we do Sheep ; they make 
 Cloathing of their Hair for themfelves, and their Horfes 
 feed upon their Milk, and they alfo eat their Plefh. The 
 Jrabs Manner of Life is fo different from thofe Nations 
 who live upon Corn, and the Produce of Agriculture, that 
 the Extraordinarincfs of it cannot but make the 30th and 
 3ifl Pages of the Extradls, from Leo^ agreeable. To the 
 South of thefe Defarts lye the Ri\'ers Senegal and Gambia, 
 which run parallel to the Mediterranean Sea. All the Lands 
 that thefe Rivers, water or overflow are fertile j for all that 
 is not cultivated bears Wood, and what is cultivated pro- 
 duces fuch Corn as grows in warm Countries, and plenty 
 of Pafture for Cattle. This is inhabited by the Negroes^ a 
 Race of People who appear to be different from the reft of 
 Mankind; their Hair being woolly, and their Colour black; 
 their Nofes flat, and their Lips large ; but whether thefe 
 are an original Race, or whether the Difference arifes from 
 the Climate, the Vapours of tliat particular Soil, the A4an^ 
 ncr of breeding their Children, and from the Mothers form- 
 ing of their Features, is not here determined, tho' there are 
 fome curious Fads relating to it mentioned in the Journal. 
 
 The Book confills of feveral Pieces, which are neceffary 
 to give the Reader a true Notion of Africa. The Author, 
 who hath compiled it, hath not alter'd tlieTrads which 
 he hath quoted, but given them as ilv^y were wrote, tho' they 
 fometimes contradidt each 01 her : ^y which means the Rea- 
 \der may form a better Judgment of the Truth, than if he 
 tvas to relv upon a fingle Traveller. 
 
 The I// is. Travels into the Inland Parts oi Africa, being 
 a Journal kept by Mr Francis Moore, Fadtor for the Royal 
 
 African^
 
 Letter to the P u b l i s h e Rf xii 
 
 African Company, who lived five Yeaifs in the Country of 
 Gambia^ travelled by Land as well as by Water, and went 
 up 500 Miles from the Sea. This Journal contains a Map 
 of the River Gambia^ from afi actual Survey taken upon the 
 ''Place by y\x John Leach -y and fcveral Draughts of Birds, In- 
 feds and Buildings. 
 
 To illuftrate his own Journal, and to fliew the Truth of 
 it, (a Thing moft valuable, as all Rarities are in Travels) he «r'Ti»Jl''' 
 has added all the other Pieces. 
 
 I//, A Journal of Capt. Stihh up the Hime River .^ ' • 
 
 idly\ Some Remarks of Capt. Stibbs's, together with thd) ; 
 Author's Obfervations upon them. ^ \ ■ 
 
 3^/}', Extradls from the Nubian Geographer, and from 
 Leo the African, a very valuable Book. 
 
 4Shfy, A Chapter from Ludolphus's U'Aory of A^thiopid, a 
 laborious and learned Man, who has fpared no Pains to en- 
 qmx^ into the Heads and Courfe of the Nile. 
 
 Sthh'y The Paflage quoted from Herodotus by Ludoipjms \ i'^<^-\ 
 
 fet down at length. ." 1 ■ ','., I 
 
 6th!y, Some Words of the Mundingoe, which is the moft 
 cxtenfn^e of the native Negroe Languages, 
 
 ']thly. Some Letters and Papers relating to the Company 
 and the Gum-Trade. 
 
 9,thly, The Journal of a Perfc«i who went up the Rive-R 
 in K. Charles the lid's Time ; Which Journal is frequently V 
 mention'd by Capt. Stibbs, and their Accounts differ. .---^ 
 
 And Lafly, TheRoyal African'^ Company's Ellablifhmetit 
 at James Fort in the Year 1730. 
 
 Upon the whole, There can hardly be a more curious 
 Subjed than this. The (a) Fador, in a plain honcll Way, 
 gives an Account of the River Gambia ; where there is a 
 great Trade drove by the Englijh : A River, which is won- 
 derful in many Things which he mentions. The Tide 
 flows up it many hundred Miles. The Climate fo dif- 
 ferent from ours_, that there is no Winter ; which occa- 
 j fions a Difference in the whole Vegetable and Animal 
 j World. To fhew you whereabouts this River lies, he has 
 colledted from various Authors Accounts of thofe Countries 
 which reach from thence to the Mediterranean Sea over- 
 againlt Gibraltar, in which there is a Scene of natural 
 
 Won- 
 
 (0) Travels into the Inland Parts oi Africa, from p. i. to 234.
 
 xiii Letter to the Publisher. 
 
 Wonders, or ratlie^ Nature varying from the ordinary 
 Method in which with us (he works : Whole Nations 
 with their Herds hving in Dcfarts almoft without Water (a) ; 
 others upon Fruits of Trees without Grain (h). The Heads 
 of the Islile are here plainly revealed (c)^ and the Tops of 
 Mount Atlas made known. Nations fafe in the inacceflible 
 Faftnefles of thofe Mountains have preferved the Roman 
 Garb (d)^ and the i2ww« Courage. And here in a fev/ 
 Days Travel they mount up from the exceffive Heats of the 
 Defarts of Lihya^ to the perpetual Winter on the Tops of 
 Atlai. Here is defcribed the Manner and Reafon of the 
 (e) Decay of the Saracen Empire, from the Height of Po- 
 litenefs in the Time of Manfor^ to the loweft Degree of 
 
 Barharifm. 
 
 1 am, 'dc> 
 
 (a) Uo\ Ext., p, 2g. (b) Ibidem. (c) Ludolph. 
 
 (d) Leo's Extr. p. 40. (e) Ibid. p. 45. 
 
 
 E R R ^ T jt. 
 
 PAGE 87. Line 2.3. for ntt read hardly. 
 P. 108. Bottom Line, for befifted read Ukng. 
 ?. 114. L. 1. for 17^4. read 1754. < 
 
 P. I'Jy L. 3- for 'Boots read Roots. 
 ■f. 160. L. 15. for Part read Pan. 
 
 P. ace. L.1I. for/o read to. , ,j , ,t 
 
 Partof P tio,iii,aDd 2ia,ftiouldbeturn-commaM, ». «•. markMthus" 
 txtrafts,?". I J. Title Page, for foregoing Journal rcid The Nigtr-Nilt or 
 Gamhia. 
 P, 17. for FrdcafiofA read Fracafiori. 
 
 T R A
 
 T RAVELS 
 
 Into the Inland Parts of 
 
 A F R I CA, &c. 
 
 5^]p-^N the Month of July, 1730, I 
 n=^i^ was examined and found qualified 
 ^,,?L_k^ by the Accomptant-General be- 
 ^^^Mi ^'^'^S^^g ^^ ^^^ Royal African Com- 
 pany of Englandy and by him re- 
 prefented to the Diredors as fuch : Upon 
 which they were pleafcd to appoint me a 
 "Writer in their Service, at their Settlement 
 at James Fort, in the River Gambia^ on the 
 Coaft of Guinea^ in Africa. In Confequence 
 thereof, I contraded wich them •, and on the 
 23d fign'd Articles for the Term of three 
 Years. A Copy of which, for the Informa- 
 tion of thufe concerned this Way, is given 
 in the Appendix, No. I. 
 
 1736' 
 
 July, 
 
 The Au- 
 thor ap- 
 pointed 
 Writer to 
 the R. A- 
 frica7t 
 Comp. 
 
 Appendix, 
 No. I. 
 
 Br 
 
 On
 
 a TRAVELS into the 
 
 O N the 2d of September I fet out from 
 
 *73o- London for Grave/end^ in order to go toC^^zwz- 
 
 «f//<fw ^-r. ^^.^^ .^ ^j^^ Royal African Company's SJoop 
 
 Vifpatch the Difpatch, Robert Hall Mailer : But when 
 Sloop I arriv'd at Gravefendy the Sloop had been 
 (ox Gam- g^"^ about two Hours : Upon which I a- 
 hia. greed with the Mafter of a Sloop call'd the 
 
 Thomas and Saviuel^ (bound for Malaga, and 
 juft then under Sail) to carry me to the 
 BowJis. We had not gone above three Leagues 
 before fhe fprung a Leak, infomuch that fhc 
 was obliged to come back again to Grave- 
 fend i but a Fever[}jam Hoy coming by at 
 that Time, I agreed with the Mafter to 
 carry me to Feverjham ; where we ar- 
 rived in the Night. The next Day I hi- 
 red Horfes, and fet out for Canterhtir). I 
 got frelh Horfes there, and proceeded to 
 Deal-, where the Sloop lay waiting for a fair 
 c-r... «„ Wind, and for fear of the worft, I went on 
 
 ■jQPe Oil _ 
 
 Board her Board immediately. During the Time we lay 
 
 in the there* feveral homeward-bound Ships came 
 
 Do'wns. in, many of them with their Topmafts and 
 
 Mizenmafts loft. We had generally thick 
 
 hazy Weather, with bluftring Winds, and a 
 
 great deal of Rain. 
 
 On the lOth in the Evening, the Wind 
 Sets fail, being fair, we weigh'd Anchor, and fet fail 
 in Company with a great many other out- 
 bound Ships. We failed pleafantly on till the 
 next Morning at 8 o' Clock, at which Time 
 the Wind turn'd againft us, and blow'd pro- 
 digious hard, the Seas ran Mountains high, 
 and tiie Sloop laboured very much. Our 
 Rigging was out of Order, and we could 
 not get down our Topfail, but were obli- 
 ged
 
 Inland "Parts <?/ A F R I C A. 3 
 
 gcd to cut it away. We could not fee Land 1730. 
 for Mift and Kain. The Water ran over 
 our Decks, and the Sloop lay along fo much, 
 that all our Guns on one Side were under 
 Water for a confiderable Time, by reafon 
 of our not being able to get down our Top- 
 fail. We made fhift to get back to the Forced to 
 Downs by about 8 at Night, where we an- put back, 
 chored and moored, as fcvcral other Veflcls ^ ^^or™/ 
 had done before us. ^^ "° 
 
 O N the 1 6th the Falmouth Man of War 
 came into the Downs, having loft her Main- 
 topmaft. On the i8th in the Evening, being 
 fair Weather, we fet out again for Sea. On ^^^^^^'^ *' 
 the 20th early in the Morning we made the ^**"' 
 Jlland of Jlderney^ at about five Leagues 
 diftance. The next Morning we faw the high 
 Land near Plymouth, at about fix or (tvtn 
 Leagues diftance. 
 
 O N the 2d of 05ioher, the Wind, which oaober. 
 had been fair for us all the Way from the 
 Downs, turned againft us, and blew excefTive 
 hard, infomuch that in the middle of the ^ Storm. 
 Night it fplit our Mainfail from Top to Bot- 
 tom •, but having a new one on Board, we 
 got it bent as foon as pofTible, and then lay 
 to, with the Head of the Sloop to the Wind, 
 driving towards the Coatt of Barbary at the • 
 Rate of about two Miles an Hour, our Lives 
 depending on the Mainfail, which we expect- 
 ed, by the Wind coming in fuch terrible ^ 
 Squalls, to fplit every Minute. 
 
 O N the 4th, the Seas continuing dill to 
 
 increafe, and the Wind very boifterous, the 
 
 B 2 Cap-
 
 4 TRAVELS into the 
 
 1730. Captain perfuaded us to bear away to the 
 
 nearelt Port, whicli was Cadizy in Spain, 
 
 fo"^fh'/^ about 130 Leagues from which we then were; 
 
 Coaft of ^o about Noon we lowered ourMainfail, and 
 
 Spain. hoilted our Squarefail, and Icudded away 
 
 before the Wind, at the Rate of ten Miles 
 
 an Hour. The ilime Evening we ran by a 
 
 Brigantine, which was lying to, as we had 
 
 done. 
 
 Difcover 
 the "^1 own 
 of Cadiz, 
 
 Health- 
 officers 
 come on 
 board. 
 
 The Au- 
 thor, C5V. 
 obtain a 
 till of 
 Health, 
 and land. 
 
 O N the 7th, the Storm began to be pretty 
 well over, and the next Morning early we 
 made the Town of Cadiz, whofe Churches 
 at a Dillance look like a Fleet of Ships ; 
 about Noon we came into the Harbour; 
 foon after a Boat, with the King of Spain's 
 Colours and an Officer, came a-board us, to 
 demand whence we came, and whither bound, 
 as alfo to know our State of Health ; this is 
 not only cuflomary, but very reafonable, in 
 order to prevent Veffels from bringing any 
 Infcdtion among them, which if they have 
 any ijufpicion of, they will make them per- 
 form a Quarantine of forty Days. The 
 Boat llaycd on board us about an Hour, 
 and then went away ; the Officer at his going 
 took fcveral ot the Captain's Papers with 
 him to the Fnglijb Conlul, and told us not 
 to offer to come a-lhore'till we had got a 
 Licence, for if wc did, we fhould certainly 
 be put to Death. The next Morning the 
 Captain fcnt our Chief Mate to the Conful, 
 to make Oath, if required, that we were all 
 well, upon which he immediately procured us 
 a Licence, and then wc Paffcngers landed. 
 The firfl: Thing I heard in Town, was, that 
 the late Storm had forced fome of the Veilels 
 
 a-fnore.
 
 Maud "Parts «/ AFRICA. j 
 
 a-fhore, as they lay at Anchor in the Har- 1730. 
 hour, and the Captain of one of tliem told 
 me, that he and his Men with much Diffi- 
 culty faved their Lives. Four Days we ftay'd 
 at Cadizy during which Time I made the fol- 
 lowing Obfervations. 
 
 CADIZ, or CALIS MA LIS, was an- situation 
 ciently called Gades: It ftandsupon an Iflandof Cadixy 
 feparated from the Main of Andaluzia, a 
 Province of Spain, by a narrow Arm of the 
 Sea, over which there is a Bridge. It lies not 
 above ten or twelve Spanijh Leagues by Land 
 from Gibraltar, and about twenty from Se- 
 'ville. This Town was firfl built by the Phce- built by 
 Tiicians, and made a great Figure in the anci- theP>&^«/- 
 ent Hiftory. It is the Port from whence all "'^"^* 
 the King of Spain'?, Ships are fitted out for 
 America, and the Channel through which the 
 Riches of Peru and Mexico are conveyed to 
 Europe. It hath been feveral Times attacked 
 by the Englijh^ and was taken by the Earl of 
 EJJex and Sir Walter Raleigh, in the Reign of 
 Queen Elizabeth. The Town is, as I guefs'd Defcripti- 
 by walking round the Walls of it, about three °" °^ ^^' 
 Miles in Circumference; there are fome macr. 
 nificent Houfes in it, but the Generality are 
 badly built, though all of Stone, and very 
 ftrong ', the Streets ftink, by reafon oF their 
 throwing all the Naftinefs into them. It lies 
 very low, and is ftrongly fortified both by 
 "Workmanfiiip and Nature. All the Part to- 
 wards the Harbour is furrounded with Rocks, 
 that ftretch out above a Mile from the Town, 
 except only at the Place where the Boats land, 
 called the Mole-head, upon which there are 
 two lofty Pillars of white Marble eredled, and 
 ^ 3 on
 
 6 TRAVELS into the 
 
 J 730- on each are the King of Spain''% Arms finely 
 carved. Thar Pare of the Town which does 
 not face the Water, is ftrongly fortified with 
 Ballions and Outworks. About a Quarter of 
 a Mile from the Mole-head is a Gate, and a 
 confiant Guard, which fearch all Perfons that 
 pafs ; when you are through that Gate, you 
 come into the Herb-Market^ where is a fine 
 Stone Bafon with Steps round it, ere(5ted in 
 the Middle of the Market- Place. On the 
 Right-hand of this Market is a Street with 
 Shops on both Sides of it, and Stalls in the' 
 Middle, like unto thofe in CoverU-Garden^t 
 London. 
 
 spantjh The Women generally go with their Hair 
 Womens xl\G^ up without any Caps ; they feem to be 
 Habit. ^gj,^, agreeable, and have fine black Eyes, 
 but wear Veils, and fometimes cover their 
 Faces with the Tails of their Gowns, which 
 they generally wear loofe ; but thofe Tadies 
 who go abroad in Coaches, wear no Veils 
 at all. 
 
 Churches, The Churches arc very numerous, and 
 finely adorned with gildecl Altars, carved 
 wooden Images drefs'd in rich Cloaths, others 
 of Wax-work, and a vail Number of Can- 
 dlefticks, in which are Candles always burn- 
 Manner of ing. Here I faw two Burials, different from 
 Jurying, j^py \ gyer faw before: One of the Perfons 
 deceafed, after having had Mafs fung over 
 him in a Church, was carried in a Coffin 
 (covered with Filli-fl^in) to a burying Vault 
 a great Way under the Church, where was 
 neither Bones nor Coffins to be fcen, only a 
 Heap of about 300 Skulls, piled upon one 
 
 ano-
 
 Inland Tarts ^/AFRICA. : 
 
 another like Cannon-Bails in a Fortification. «73o- 
 Here the Corps was brought by four Men, 
 who threw it off their Shoulders out of the 
 Coffin, and there left it, carrying the Coffin 
 back with them. The other Perfon had 
 Mafs fung over him by about an hundred 
 Priefts, all drefs'd in White, with long Wax 
 Candles burning in their Hands, which they 
 carried before the Corps, along the Streets, 
 to the Church. As foon as Mafs was over, 
 the Perfon was taken out of his Coffin with 
 his Shroud on, in the Midtlle of the Church, 
 and was put into a Hole about two Foot 
 fquare, with his Feet firil, and as foon as 
 the Corps was in, the Hole was ftop'd up, 
 under which, I fuppofe, there was a Vault. 
 
 The Coaches are not drawn by Horfes, Coaches, 
 but by Mules, and inftead of fitting on the 
 Coach-Box, the Coachman rides upon one of 
 the Mules •, this is faid to owe its Original 
 to a Nobleman's Jofing his Life by the Evi- 
 dence of his Coachman, who overheard what 
 he faid in the Coach, as he fat upon his 
 Box. 
 
 An Inhabitant of the Town told me, thatG^^jcQ^. 
 there were then in this Town ten Regiments 
 of Soldiers, but fuch poor Creatures I never 
 faw, moft of them being fuperannuated, and 
 fcarce able to carry their Arms. Their Fruit, 
 fuch as Apples, Grapes, and Pomegranates provifions 
 are very plenty, delicious, and cheap. The 
 Wine is very ftrong and good, and fold by 
 Retail at about four Shillings fer Gallon. 
 The Bread is nothing near fo good as our 
 
 B 4 EniliJI;!^
 
 8 T R AV E L S into the 
 
 >730' EngliJIj^ it is four, occafioned by its being 
 raifed with Leaven inftead of Yell. 
 
 A T about two Leagues Diftance I faw the 
 SpnuiJJj Hctilla lying in the Harbour, near 
 which is a Caftle built in the Sea, in it, I am 
 told, are lOo Pieces of Cannon. 
 
 About five Miles Weft, and diredlly 
 acrofs the Harbour Irom Cadiz, is a Town 
 r^rf St called Pert St Mary's, which was, in the 
 Mcirji. Xime of Queen j^^ne^ taken by the Englifld 
 Forces under the Command of his Grace the 
 Duke of Ormonde where the King of Spain 
 has a fine Palace, that at a Diftance looks 
 fomething like the Royal Hofpital at Green- 
 isoich. 
 
 Murders I T is very dangerous to be abroad in this 
 frequent. Town after it is dark, for during the fhort 
 Time I was here, two Perfons were mur- 
 dered pafTing the Street by Night; one of 
 them was laid on a Bier all Day in the open 
 Market- Place, to fee if any Body would own 
 him, as well as to gather Money to bury 
 him i when I faw him, his Brains were run- 
 ning out, the Spada having went in at his 
 Jefc Eye, and out at the back Part of his 
 Skull : I'his was an Etiglijhman, but the other 
 was a Spaniard, whom I did not fee, but a 
 Pcrfon that faw him, told me that the 
 Wound was given him in at his Back, and 
 went quite through his Body. 
 
 Author On the i^th, having taken in frefh Water, 
 
 S/r"" ^nd mended our Rigging, Sails, &c. and the 
 
 Wind bein^ fair, we weighed Anchor for 
 
 Sea i
 
 Inland Tarts <?/ A F R I C A. p 
 
 Sea-, as foon as we were got out of Sight of 1730. 
 Land we met with Cahns, fo that we moved 
 but flowly. 
 
 On the 19th, we had a great Deal of 
 Thunder, Lightning, and Rain, and in the 
 Evening we caught a Hawk, altho' we were 
 a great Way out of Sight of Land. 
 
 On the 20th, we had a very hard GaJe of 
 Wind right againft us, we were obliged to 
 lye to, with the Head of the Sloop to the 
 "Wind, as we had before done, during which 
 we had a great many very hard Squalls of 
 Wind, accompanied with dreadful Thunder, 
 Lightning, and Rain. 
 
 On the 21 ft, the Sloop fprung a Leak 
 under the Captain's Cabbin, we were afraid 
 we ihould have been obliged to run back to 
 fome Port or other to have it ftop'd, but by 
 the Diligence of the Boatfwain and Carpenter 
 they found it out, and ftop'd it. 
 
 . On the 25th, about 4 o' Clock in the 
 Evening, we made Palma, one of the Canary 
 Iflands, and tho' we judged ourfelves to be 
 fix Leagues from it, the Top feemed to bt 
 above the Clouds. 
 
 These Canary Iftands are in Number^ 
 twelve. " They were difcovered about theiflaS 
 ^' Year 1420, for King Henry III. of Spain^ 
 ^' by John de Betancotir, a Frenchman. In 
 ** them he left Mafiot de Betancour^ his Ne- 
 '' phew, who conquered Gomera^ and ex- 
 *' changing them with Prince Henry for fome 
 
 " Land
 
 lO 
 
 1730. 
 
 TRAVELS into the 
 
 Land in Madera, he went and lived there. 
 And whereas the I Hands were twelve in 
 Number, and there remained eight not con- 
 quered, viz. Grand Canaria, Palma, Gra- 
 ciofay Infer no^ Alegranca^ Santa Clara, 
 Roche, and Lobos, the Prince fent a Fleet, 
 in which were 2500 Foot, and 120 
 Lances, commanded by Don Ferdinand de 
 Cajlro^ who landing there converted many 
 Infidels. But upon Complaints made 
 from Spain, to whom that Conquefl: apper- 
 tained, it was given over. Afterwards 
 King Henry IV. of Portugal gave them to 
 Don Martin dc Jtaide, Count of Atonguia. 
 And laftly, in the Treaty between Alphotifo 
 of Portugal, and Ferdinafid of Cafttle, it 
 was agreed that they belonged to Cajlile. 
 The Inhabitants of thefe Iflands were go- 
 verned by a certain Number of Perfons ; 
 they varied in their Worfhip ; they ufed 
 no Weapons but Sticks and Stones -, their 
 Cloathing, upwards, was Skins, the lower 
 Part, a Covering made of Palm- Leaves 
 of divers Colours •, they took off their 
 Beards with fharp Stones; their Governors 
 had the Maidenheads of all Women that 
 married ; they feafted their Guefts with 
 them at their Vifits •, their Children fucked 
 Goats ; and their common Food was 
 Wheat and Barley, Milk, Herbs, Mice, 
 Lizards, and Snakes *.'* 
 
 T H E s £ Iflands now belong to the King 
 of Spain^ and are entirely inhabited by thtSpa- 
 
 • Vtd. Difcovcry and Conqueft of the Indies by the 
 Fortuguffe. 
 
 niardsy
 
 Maffd "Paris <?/ A F R I C A. 1 1 
 
 mards^ the whole Race of the Natives being J73^« 
 by them extirpated. The Enqlijh had for- 
 merly a great Trade for Wine here, but now 
 it is much Icfiened. In one of thefe Ifla.nds 
 is the Pike of T'encriff^ formerly believed to 
 be the highelt Land in the World, but that 
 Opinion is now much difputed. 
 
 On the 26th, very early in the Morning, ^^^^^ 
 we had the Glimpfe of another of the Canary 
 Iflands called Ferro\ it being very hazy Wea- 
 ther, we were got within a League of it be- 
 fore we faw it. At Day-light we plainly 
 faw the Breakers which furround it, and 
 a great Number of Rocks, particularly one 
 at the Weft End of it, which, at about two 
 Leagues Diilance, refembles St. Patil'^ Church 
 at London. About Noon we had a Hark 
 Calm (which I find, are very frequent about 
 thofe IQands) and having a very great North- 
 Weft Swell we were all Hands obliged to tug 
 at an Oar, and it was no fmall Fatigue to us 
 to prevent the Sloop's being hove upon the 
 Rocks. In the Evening there was a pretty 
 frefh Gale fprung up fair for us, upon which 
 we made what Hafte we could towards Gam- 
 bia^ having for three Days together a great 
 deal of Thunder, Lightning, and Rain. 
 
 On the 2d, we crofs'd the Tropick of Cancer, November, 
 and this Morning fpied the Land off" Cape Blan- Cape Blan- 
 co^ at about fix Leagues diftant. Saw feveral ^.^ ^"^ 
 Tropkk Birds, which are very remarkable, by q^ jf,.ica. 
 a fmgle Feather in their Tails about a Foot Tropick 
 long. We faw alfo great Numbers of Flying Birds. 
 Fifli ; fome are as large as fmall Herrings, their Flying 
 Fins are in Length and Breadth proportion- Fi(h. 
 
 able
 
 II TRAVELS into the 
 
 J 730. able to Wings, and fo long as thele Fins con- 
 tinue wet, fo Jong they can fly ; I believe 
 fome of them flew half a Mile on a Stretch. 
 Dolphins, The Dolphin is a great Enemy to thefe 
 Fifh, and to his chafing them we owe the 
 Plcafure of feeing them fly, which is in 
 order to avoid his Jaws. The Dolphin is 
 reckon'd to fwim fwifter than any other Fifh, 
 and altho' they fly from him, yet does he 
 ofcen catch them after they have fled even a 
 long Way. The Dolphins are generally 
 painted with twift:ed Tails, but I never faw 
 how ta- fo ftrait a Fifh •, we caught feveral of them, 
 ken. by making an artificial Flying Fifh, and 
 
 fl<.ipping it to and fro very fail, on the Sur- 
 face of the Water, at the Stern of the 
 VeflTel. 
 
 Senegal Q n the 6th, we fpied the Land near Serie^ 
 ^^^' ^^^ River, " Which was firft difcovered about 
 " the Year 1420, by Lancelot^ Servant to 
 " Prince Henrys the fifth Son of King John 
 '* I. of Portugal: It was by the Natives 
 " call'd Ovedee^ but received from Lancelot 
 " the Name of Sanaga^ becaufe a Black of 
 " that Name was releafed there. It was then 
 '' believed to h^ one ol- the Branches of the 
 *' Nile, becaufe they were informed that it 
 " rofe fiir to the Eaftward V 
 
 Cape ie T H F next Day we made Cape de Vet'de, 
 
 lerHe. particularly the two Paps. *' This Cape 
 
 " was difcovered about the Year 1419. by 
 
 *' Binis Fernandez a Portugiieze^ who valued 
 
 *' himleli upon it not a little, and returned 
 
 • yid. Difc. and Cgnq. of Ind. by the Portuguefe. 
 
 " to
 
 Inland Tarts <?/ A F R I C A. 15 
 
 ** to Portugal highly pleafed with his Dif- 1730. 
 " covery *.'* 
 
 O N the 9th, we made Cape St Mar'fs-, and Cape St 
 the fame Evening came to an Anchor at the ■^'^0''s- 
 Mouth of the River Gambia, at fuch a Dill- TheRn-er 
 ance as not to didinguilh well the Shore ; Gambia, 
 but the next Day, as we failed up the River 
 near the Shore, the Country look'd beautiful, ' 
 being for the moft Part woody, but between 
 the Woods pleafant green Rice Grounds, 
 which after the Rice is cut are (locked with 
 Cattle. About Four in the Afternoon we 
 pafTed by Charles JJland, which lies on the 
 North Side of the River, very clofe to the 
 Shore of the Kingdom of Barrah, About 
 Eight at Night, being within a Mile of 
 James Fort, we had from thence a Shot fir'd 
 over us, to bring the Sloop to -, we came to 
 an Anchor, and the Captain went afhore 
 with his Letters, and returned about Mid- 
 night. 
 
 On the nth, at Sunrifmg, we faluted the 
 Fort with feven Guns, and had five returned. 
 After which, we Paffengers went a-fliorc, ThePaT^ 
 'viz. MelT. Charles Houghton and Jolm Hatnil- Angers 
 ton, Fadors, Philip Galand and myfelf, ^^"'^' 
 Writers. When we landed, the Soldiers 
 were drawn up before the Gate, a file of 
 which conducted us to the Governor. In the 
 Evening, one of the Soldiers died, by Name 
 John Skinner, having been ill a long while ; 
 he had been about three Years in the River 
 Cambiay but before he came over thither had 
 
 * Ihidem. 
 
 ruin*d
 
 «4 
 
 TRAVELS into the 
 
 ruin'd his Conditution in the Rail and We^ 
 
 Indies. 
 
 James JAMES ISLAND lies almoft in the 
 
 Jj.axd. JVliJdlc of the River Gainhia^ which is here, 
 at Jeafl, feven Miles wide. It belongs to the 
 Royal African Co7)ipany of EMgLuul, who pay 
 a fmall annual Tribute to the King ot Bar- 
 rah for the fame. It lies three Miles ffom 
 the neareft Shore, and about ten Leagues 
 from the River's Mouth. At low Water ic 
 is about three Quarters of a Mile in Circum- 
 ference, upon which there is a fquare Fort ot 
 The Fort Stone regularly built, with four Ballions ; 
 upon each are feven Cannons well mounted, 
 which command the River all round. Under 
 the Walls of the F'ort, facing towards the 
 Sea, are two round Batteries, on each ot 
 them are four large Cannons, well mounted, 
 which carry Shot of 24 Pounds weight, and 
 between thofe are nine fmall Guns mounted 
 for Salutes. 
 
 In the Fort are fome very good Apart- 
 ments, in which the Governor, chief Merr 
 chants, Factors, W^riters, and Enfign lye, 
 and under fome of thefe Apartments are very 
 good Scorehoufes. 
 
 The Gar- One Officer, one Serjeant, two Corpo- 
 riibn. rals, one Gunner and Gunner's Mate, and 
 
 thirty Soldiers, are by the Kflablifiimene the 
 Sicknefs Garrifon of this Fort : But Sicknefs, occa- 
 occafion'J fion'd chiefly by the exceflive drinking of di- 
 by Drink- £^|j|g^j Ljquors, often reduces it to a very 
 '"^* weak Condition, till fuch Time as Recruits 
 
 can be raifcd in England^ and by the Compa- 
 ny
 
 '^1 
 
 
 N> N>J ^^ 
 
 ^2^ if 
 
 v^ 
 
 ^^. 
 
 
 •I 
 
 SN-^ 

 
 Inland Tarts <?/ A F R I G A. 15 
 
 ny fenc over hither. The Soldiers and Tradef- i739» • 
 men, and other Servants, lye out of the Fort, 
 in Barracks built, as the Fort is, with Stone 
 ard Mortar : The Whole is fortified with 
 Palifades, and furrounded with the River, that 
 makes an excellent Ditch, being (as I faid 
 before) three Miles wide in the narroweft 
 Part. I'here are alfo other Barracks buik 
 oppofite to thofe of the Soldiers, for the Ufe 
 of the Company's Caftk; Slaves and Black 
 Servants : Under them there are Storehoufes, 
 and under thofe of the Soldiers are Slave- 
 houfes. 
 
 In the Day-time there are three Sentries, 
 one at the Gate of the Fort, one at the Door 
 of the Publick Room, and another walkinsr 
 round the Fort, to fee what Boats come and 
 go to and from the Ifland, and to report the 
 fame to the Governour : Thefe are duly re- 
 lieved every two Hours. Towards the Even- 
 ing there is a Sentinel pofted on the Baftions 
 within the Walls of the Fort, whofe Bufinefs 
 it is to challenge all Boats or Canoes that 
 come near the Ifland ; and if they refufe to 
 anfwer at three times challenging, he fires 
 his Mufquet at them, and by that means a- 
 larms the Fort. At Night when the Gates 
 are lock'd (which is whenever the Governour 
 pleafes to order it) two Sentinels patrol! 
 without the Fort to take care that the Slaves 
 do not rife or mutiny, and that no Boats 
 come or go from the Ifland without Permif- 
 fion. Every now and then they cry. All is 
 well, if they find it fo ; but if they find ic 
 otherwife, they fire their Mufquets to alarm 
 the Fort. 
 
 The
 
 i6 TRAVELS into the 
 
 1730. The Fort is called James Fort, and is the 
 7.2WW chief Settlement that the Royal African Com- 
 ^'ort. pany have in this River. This Fort keeps 
 Keeps the the Ri^ht of Trading to the River Gambia 
 Right of £qj. jj^g Company, and conlequently for the 
 for ^L"^ Subjedls of England. Were this once in the 
 °and"^ Hands of the French^ who, I am very, well 
 inform'd, in the Year 1719 would have pur- 
 chas'd it for the Miffififpi Company, could 
 they have obtained Leave for the fo do- 
 ing, they would then exclude not only the 
 Company, but all other Nations, from Tra- 
 ding hither, as they already have from the 
 French tx- Coaft of Senegal^ where they maintain an ex- 
 ^"^j^ clufjve Trade by Force, and take all Ships. 
 ^ ^' This they juftify by two Forts, which they 
 pofiefs on the Coad of Senegal. The Royal 
 African Company of England had formerly 
 an exclufive Trade here ■■> but for the En- 
 couragement of the Plantations in America^ 
 the Parliament thinking fit that all his Maje- 
 fty*s People fliould enjoy the Liberty of 
 Trade to Africa^ for the Company's Right, 
 and in Equicy to them, who are at the 
 Charcre of mainiainino; the Forts for the Be- 
 nefit of others, did ft ill grant them Ten per 
 Cent, upon all leparate Ships that fhould 
 Trade to the Coart, and fince that ceafed, 
 have for fome Years pad granted to the 
 Company 10,000/. each Year for the Main- 
 tenance of their Forts. This is a very ad- 
 vantageous Bargain to the Nation ; for as 
 thefe Forts are neceflary to be kept up as 
 Marks of the Bntijh Poircflions in Africay 
 if the company did not maintain them, the 
 Crown would be obliged to do it, or lee 
 them fall into the Hands of Foreigners, and 
 
 it
 
 \
 
 Inland "Parts <?/ A F R I C A. 17 
 
 it would cod the King to maintain them with »73<'«. 
 the Garrifons and Governors under his Ma- 
 jcfty's Commiflions, three or four times as 
 much as it does now. By this Agreement, 
 befides a free Trade, the feparate Traders 
 have had their Ships often alTifted, their Car- Advanta- 
 goes taken off at good Prices, and havePV^^P*'* 
 reaped feveral other Advantages, as well aSjate Tra- 
 the Publick : And the Increafe of Duties, ders. 
 which arifes from the Increafe that thefe 
 Advantages have made in the American^ as 
 well as the African Trade, more than makes 
 up to the Publick, the Money that is given 
 by them for this Purpofe. 
 
 Besides the Fort, there are feveral Fadlories 
 • up theRi ver fettl'd for cheConveniency of Trade. 
 They are all under theDirecftion of theGovernor 
 and chief Merchants at this Fort, to whom 
 the Factors remit all their Trade. For this 
 Purpofe the Company have here three or four 
 Sloops of about thirty Tons each, and about 
 the fame Number of Long- Boats ; fome of 
 them are conftantly employed in fetching 
 Provifions and Water from the Main for the 
 Ufe of the Garrifon, and the reft are em- 
 ployed in carrying Goods up to the Fadories, 
 and bringing from them Slaves, Elephants 
 Teeth, Wax, or whatever Trade they have 
 by them, down to Jaines Fort ; from whence 
 moft of it, except Slaves, is fent home by 
 the Governor and chief Merchants to the 
 Company in England. Thefe Fadlories are 
 fupplied with Fadlors fent over by the Com* 
 pany j or, for want of them, the moft able 
 Writers, who have given Security to the 
 Company for their Honefty, which is gene- 
 
 C rally
 
 ,S T RAVELS into the 
 
 If 30. rally done by two Bondfmen for the Sum of 
 1000/. befides the Pcrfon's own Bond for the 
 like Sum. Notwithflandingthis giving Secu- 
 rity, feveral of the Company's Faftors have 
 been fo bafe as to embezzle their Goods, and 
 fquander them away to the Amount of very , 
 large Sums -, yet have they met with fuch 
 Indulgence from the Court of Cbancejj, that 
 1 have not known one Inftance of their ever 
 being able to oblige the Bondfmen to pay the 
 Penalties of their Bonds. For the Faftors 
 and Chiefs, when the Company has begun 
 to call them to Account on their Bonds at 
 Common Law, have thrown the Difpute into 
 Chancery ; and if the Perfons with whom 
 they tranfaded are not Cbrijlians, Oaths cannot 
 be adminiftred, nor Evidence given by them, 
 for want of which the Company has been 
 defrauded with Impunity j and, unlefs they 
 had more Power over their Servants, they 
 will run great Rifquc of their flill fuffering 
 confiderably. The Governors and Chiefs 
 always take care to fupply their FaAories up 
 the River with Goods in the dry Seafon, for 
 it is impoITible to do it after the Rains are 
 fet in, by reafon of the River running con- 
 tinually down with a rapid Stream for fome 
 Months together. 
 
 I SHALL give a lliort Defcription of this 
 River, and begin from the Point of Barrabj 
 which forms the Mouth, and fo up the Nor- 
 thern-fide to Fatatenda^ the fartheft Place 
 that I have been, and which is 500 Mil s 
 from the Sea ; then I flivill begin at Cc.pe 
 St Mary*s, and dcfcribe the South-fide of the 
 River 10 over-againil Fatatenda. 
 
 J)efcripioH
 
 Inland Tarts of AFRICA. i^ 
 
 Defaiftion of the Rorth Side of the '^so* 
 River GAMBIA, from the Mouth 
 to Fatatenda, being 220 Leagues, 
 
 TH E Mouth of the River Ga?nhia lies 
 in 13' 200 North Latitude, and in 15' 
 20 « Weft Longitude. It is form'd on the 
 North Side by Barrah Point, and on the South 
 by Ban-jon Point, about four Miles over. But 
 fomc think that it reaches lower, and that 
 it is form*d by the Broken Iflands on the 
 North, and Cape St Marfs on the South ; 
 and I am apt to think, that the latter Opi- 
 nion is the trueft. Barrah Point is in the 
 Kingdom of Barrah, the King is by Race a 
 Mmidingo, and Tributary to him of Barfall'j. Bar/all], 
 In this Country the Royal African Company 
 of England have two Fadlories, one at Gillyfree 
 over-againft James Fort ; the other at Colar, 
 which is up a River of the fame Name, that 
 empties itfelf through one Mouth into the 
 Ga?nbia, about eight Leagues above James 
 IJland. In this Kingdom, about fix Leagues 
 from the Sea, is Charles IJland, lying within Charles 
 a Mufquet-Shoc of Barrah Shore, on which •^^'^'"^* 
 Ifland there formerly was a Fort, but now it 
 is gone to ruin. There are alfo two Shoals 
 of Sand and Rocks in the River, on the Coaft 
 of this Kingdom j that is to fay, one at Le- 
 main Point, the other at Seaca Point ; the 
 former lying about fix Miles below James 
 Fort, the latter the fime Diftance above 
 it. James IJland lies oppofite to Gillyfree, 
 froni which a Spit of San4 and Rocks 
 C 2 runs
 
 20 
 
 1730. 
 
 Cudoms 
 paid in 
 Barrah. 
 
 Reafons 
 for the 
 Merchants 
 coming fo 
 low down 
 the River. 
 
 TRAVELS into the 
 
 runs out a good Way to the N. N. W, 
 vulgarly call'd the Company's Spit. Several 
 Ships, particularly feme from Liverpool, have 
 run aground upon it, but by the Company's 
 AfTiftance have got off again without any 
 Damage or Charge-, and tho* fome mud in- 
 evitably have been loft, if not affifted by the 
 Fort, yet have the Matters refufed %ning 
 an Acknowledgment of their having been fo 
 afTifted, giving no other Reafon for it, thaa 
 that their Owners had not order'd them to 
 fign any fuch thing. Since they were to do 
 nothing without Orders, we defired to know 
 whether their Owners order'd them to run 
 aground upon the Spit? 
 
 T o this King the Separate Traders gene- 
 rally pay Cuftom, which amounts to about 
 One hundred and twenty Barrs, it being a 
 Country of good Trade, efpecially when the 
 Merchants come down with their Slaves, which 
 happens according to the Numbers they bring, 
 which are fometimes fo large, that the Compa- 
 ny's Fad-ories up the River arc not able to pur- 
 chafe them all •, and very often when they can 
 fell them all up the R iver, yet if they hear that 
 there are a good many Ships in Barrah, they 
 will bring their Slaves down to them, having 
 found by Experience that by White Mens out- 
 bidding one another, they have fometimes 
 had very large Prices for their Slaves, where- 
 as had they not been fo eager to buy from, and 
 outbid one another, they might have bought 
 the Slaves for half the Money they paid for 
 them. — Unlefs the feparate Traders pay their 
 Cuftom here, the King will not allow them 
 to have cichcr Wood or Water in his Coun- 
 try;
 
 Inland Tarts <?/ A F R I C A. 21 
 
 try ; for which Reafon only a pretty many 1730* 
 
 Matters of Ships chufe to pay the King's Cu- 
 
 ftom, and yet do not ftay to trade here, but 
 
 proceed diredly up the River. This Country 
 
 reaches about 20 Leagues along the River, Barrah,2o 
 
 and then begins the Kingdom ot Badibu. In Leagues. 
 
 it, and over-againll Tancrow, all in Caen, which 
 
 lies on the South-fide of the River, is an 
 
 Ifland, parted only by a fmall Gut of Water 
 
 from the Main- Land oi Badibu. This Ifland 
 
 formerly ufed to fupply the Fort with Stones; 
 
 but in the Year 1733, Mr Richard Hull, the 
 
 Royal African Company's chief Merchant at 
 
 James Fort, found Plenty of Stones much 
 
 nearer the Fort on another fmall Ifland, till 
 
 then not perceived to be an Ifland. The King 
 
 o^ Badibu is a Mundingo, and his Country ex- 
 
 tends about 20 Leagues. ^adibu.i^ 
 
 ° Leagues. 
 
 The next is called Sanjally, a petty King- 
 dom, but not tributary to any other. This 
 King is likewife a Mmidingo, whofe Domini- 
 ons extend about fourteen Leagues along 5^ -^//^ 
 the River Side •, and then begins Bar/ally, ,4 L^jg. 
 which is a very noted Country, governed by 
 a King of the Jolloiff Nation, of whom 
 more will be laid. In this Country is the 
 Company's chief Faclory of J oar, clofe to 
 the Town of that Name, and about two 
 Miles from the River, the Road to which 
 lies one Mile over a fine pleafant Savannah, 
 the other Mile along a narrow Creek. The 
 Separate Traders generally come up hither 
 to trade at Rumho^s Port, which is about 
 three Miles from J oar, and the fame Diftance 
 from Cower, where is the greateft Refort of 
 People, and the moil Trade of any Town iu 
 
 C 3 the
 
 aa TRAVELS into the 
 
 1730. the whole Hirer ; for it is to this Place that 
 the Merchants always bring their Slaves, pro- 
 vided that thc) are not in great Hafle to return 
 home, or cannot .neet with a very geod Mar- 
 ket for them before they come down fo low. 
 At Joar the W:^.r<"»- of the River is always 
 frefh. 
 
 Barfal/j. T H E Country of Bar/ally extends itfelf 
 about fifteen Leagues along the River, and 
 then begins the Kingdom of Tan^j, by the 
 Nubian Geographer called Ghana, which is 
 large and wide, and divided into two Parts ; 
 one called the Upper, and the other thc 
 Lower I'any, each governed by a diilinfl 
 King, one a Jolloiff^ the other a Mundingo. 
 In the Lower Tany the Company have a fmall 
 Facflory at I'animareiv^ kept by a Portugtiefe, 
 "whofe only Bufinefs is to buy Corn and Rice 
 for the Ufe of James Fort. Upon the Shore 
 of this Kingdom lies Bird I/Iandy about 
 twelve Leagues above Joar^ upon which 
 there is fcarcc a Tree, but it leems to be 
 marrtiy Ground. About thirty Leagues 
 above this Ifland, near the fame Shore, are 
 fevcral other Iflands, called Sa_pto, which are 
 very numerous, and feme of them very 
 large, but not inhabited ; there is one above 
 ihem called Leviain Ijland, about four Leagues 
 in Length, on which are great Numbers of 
 wild Bcafts and Palm Trees; which induces 
 the Natives to go often to them, to hunt, 
 and draw Palm Wine. About fix or fevcn 
 Tides above Tanimarew^ is the River S.amy, 
 which rifes a vaft Way in-Iand; it abounds 
 in Crocodiles, and is faid to p^rt Lower 
 from Upper Tany, it enters the Gambia be- 
 
 tweeri 
 
 I
 
 Inland Tarts 0/ A F R I C A. Jt 
 
 tween Brucoe and Tamyamacunda. Thefe two *73o* 
 Kingdoms reach about eighty Leagues along y g^ 
 the River ; and the next to them is IVoolly, Leagues- 
 through which Country the Merchants are 
 obliged to pafs on their Way down to Cower. 
 JVoolly extends itfelf a long Way up the Coolly, 7 
 River, but at about feven Leagues from Tany League*, 
 is the Company's Faftory of Fatatenda^ 
 where the River is as wide as the Tha?nes at 
 London Bridge ; and to which Sloops of forty 
 Tons come up with Cargoes •, and the Tides 
 rife three or four Foot high. This is about 
 500 Miles on the North Side the River 
 Gambia. I fhall not pretend to give an 
 Account of Places higher up, on this Side 
 of the River •, bccaufe I never was above Fa- 
 tat enda •■> therefore I fhall return to the Sea, 
 and briefly run over the Countries on the 
 South Side. 
 
 Defer jft'ton of the South Side of the River 
 GAMBIA, from the Sea, to over^ 
 agamjl Fatatenda, i^eing 500 Miles, 
 
 THE Kingdom of Cumho extends itfelf Cww^^;, n 
 about eleven Leagues from Cape St Ma- Leagues. 
 ry*s, which is at the Entrance of the River 
 Gambia, to a Place called Cabata River, noted 
 for Plenty of Goats, Fowls, and Cattle. 
 There's a common Word in the Mtindingo 
 Language, fignifying an Ox, Bull, or Cow, 
 which they call Neefa, and they diflinguifh 
 Cows from Bulls by the Addition of the 
 Male or Female Gender, as Neefa Moofa, a 
 C 4 Cow a
 
 2% 
 
 >;3°- 
 
 Fonia, 7 
 Leagues. 
 
 Villain 
 Kjvcr. 
 
 TRAVELS into the 
 
 Cow, Neefil Ken, a Bull ; the Engltjh tranflat- 
 ing this Word with the Female Gender, call 
 all Cattle, Cows, tho' there is fometimes but 
 one Cow in ten Head. In this Country the 
 Company have a fmall Fadory, to purchale 
 Provifions for the Support ot the Garrifon 
 at James Fort. 
 
 The next Country Is Fomay it begins 
 where Cahata River falls into the Ga7nbia, 
 and reaches to the River Vintaitu being about 
 ieven Leagues along the River Side, but in- 
 Jand it is very large, and governed by two 
 Emperors, who are of a Ba?iwon Race, which 
 is a Sort of Floods, and have each their di- 
 llinft Diftricts. And now 1 fpeak of Empe- 
 rors, I muft obferve that when thcfe Countries 
 were firft difcovered, they were then large, 
 and worthy of that Title i but tho' they arc 
 now much lefTened, not only in Territories, 
 but by having fold into Slavery infinite Num- 
 bers of their Subjeds, yet do they ftill re- 
 tain their ancient Grandeur of Titles, in be- 
 ing called Kings and Emperors. 
 
 Between Foma and Caefi, lies the River 
 VirUainy whofe Mouth is about a Mile over •, 
 this River is navigable a great many Leagues. 
 About three Leagues from the Mouth of it is 
 the Town of Viutai>u fituate in Fonia^ and 
 above that, on the fame bide the River, is 
 Cneginy at each of which Places the Com- 
 pany have a Facftory, chiefly for Elephants 
 'I'ecth, Bees-wax, and other dry Goods. 
 
 O v r I'. - A c A I N s T James Fort, near the 
 Main, on the South Side the River is an 
 
 I Hand,
 
 Inland Tarts <?/ A F R I C A. 25 
 
 Ifland, lately difcovered to be fuch, called i730' 
 Cahujheer Jfmnd^ feparated from the ^^"^^ Cabujheer 
 only by a large Brook. This Ifland produces//7^«^. 
 great Quantities of Iron-Stone, with which 
 it now fupplies the Fort, whereas before the 
 Year 1734 we were obliged to fend for Stones 
 from an Ifland beforementioned ovei'-againfl: 
 Tancrowall. 
 
 The next Country to Fonia is Caen, oQ.Caen, 23 
 verned both by an Emperor and a King, leagues, 
 both Mundingoes^ who have their different 
 Revenues arifing from the Cuftoms and other 
 Things. In this Country the Company have 
 a Fadlory fettled at ^ancrowall^ which is a 
 Jarge Town clofe to the Water-fide. Above 
 that Town, about three Leagues, are a Par- 
 cel of Rocks, at a Place called Tendebar, ly- 
 ing a good Way out from the Shore, which 
 are dry at Low- Water. This Country ex- 
 tends about twenty three Leagues along the 
 River-Side. ** 
 
 The next above C^fw, hjagra^ famous 7^^^^» 12 
 for laborious People, by which Means it Leagues, 
 abounds with Corn and Rice. In this Coun- 
 try is Elephants IJIand, which is four or five 
 Miles long, full of Trees, and withal marfliy. 
 This Kingdom extends itfelf about twelve 
 Leagues ; and then begins the Country of 
 Tam'ina, which abounds chiefly in Corn ^"^^ Yamina,x il 
 Fowls : In it is a large Ifland, which is very Leagues-, 
 pleafanf, likewife a fmall Ifland, almoft: in 
 the Middle of the Gamlna^ called Sea-Horfe 
 IJland^ full of Trees, and marfliy Ground, a- 
 bounding in Sea-Horfes, from whence I be- 
 lieve it takes its Name. This Country ex- 
 tends
 
 a6 TRAVELS into the 
 
 1730. tends about fourteen Leagues; and then is Ero- 
 Erapit:a, pifja, a petty Kingdom, extending about 14 
 i4Leag. Leagues along the River Side. After whTch 
 jnr.irrow, begins Jcpiarro'iu^ governed by an Emperor, 
 $2 Lcag. ^}io is a Alu nd'mgo \ here the Company have 
 a Settlement near a larg;e Town called Brucoe^ 
 Avhich is inhabitea by People of the Mundin- 
 go Race, but ibid: Followers of Mahomet. 
 About half a Mile below this Town is a 
 Ledge of Rocks dry at Low- Water, which 
 reaches from the Northern Shore ^5 of the 
 Way over the River, and leaves fo narrow a 
 Channel under the South Shore, that it is 
 very dangerous for large Ships to pais it, and 
 our Sloops arc obliged to take the Opportu- 
 nity of ilack Water to go through this Place, 
 which is called P holey' ^ Pa/s. In the fame 
 Fholeys Empire, about nine Miles above Pholey*s 
 P*^^' Pafs^ are a great many Rocks, near a Town 
 caJled Diibocunda^ which reach from the 
 South Side ) a-crofs the River •, and about 
 three Miles above this, is another Ledge of 
 Rocks, dry at low Water, but there is a deep 
 Channel oil the North Side. This Country 
 runs about thirty two Leagues along the Ri- 
 ver ; and then begins Tomany, which is a 
 very large Country, confifling of more 
 '7;;r/T>f;,2 6'rowns than anv other which I know on the 
 "£""• whole River. The Company have a Fadory 
 at a fm.ill Town called I'^amyarnacunday 
 uhich makes a confiderable Trade in dry 
 Goods, provided it is well fupplicd: A little 
 below tiic Town, in the Middle of the Ri- 
 ver, are fome Rocks, but never dry ; and 
 ovcr-againlt the Factory, on the North Side 
 rhc River, about half a Mile from it, is a 
 Handing Lake, about two Miles long, which 
 
 abounds
 
 Inland Tarts <?/ A F R I C A. a; 
 
 abounds in Fifh. This Country extends up »73q. 
 the River Side about twenty fix Leagues, 
 and is governed by a Mundmgo, by Name 
 Hume Badgyy of whom more will be faid 
 hereafter. 
 
 Above Tomany begins Cantore ; in which, 
 on the South Side of the River, and about 
 fix Miles below Fatateyida^ is a Town called 
 Colar, fix Miles beyond which is the fartheft 
 I have been ; and it being little known to 
 white People, I fliall conclude with faying 
 that Colar in Cantore (for there is another Co- 
 lar in Barrah) is, I believe, about 500 
 Miles from Cape St Marfs^ the South Part 
 of the Entrance into Gambia River. 
 
 Having given an Account of the River 
 as far as I can, by my own Knowledge, the 
 Curious, I believe, will be defirous to know 
 the Heads of the River, and the more inland 
 Parts of Jfrica. I therefore fhall, for their 
 Satisfa(^ion, give what I could learn of ic 
 from the Accounts of the Natives, which I 
 cannot affirm as certain, but fhall add the 
 Authority on which I found my Rela- 
 tions. 
 
 The Company have been very defirous to 
 know how far the Gambia was navigable, and 
 to open new Trades up that River. They 
 fent over fmall Sloops in Frames for Difco- 
 veries, and Mr. Thomas Harrifon, one of our 
 chief Merchants, went up the River, in a 
 Sloop, for that Purpofe-, and his Return 
 from that Voyage is herein mentioned, on 
 the loth Day of June. 1732. Upon Exa- 
 mination
 
 j§ TRAVELS into the 
 
 1730. mination of this Matter, I found that Mr 
 Harrifon himfelf did not go far above Fa- 
 tatenda •, but remained in the Sloop, and 
 fent up a Boat on Difcovery, with Mr John 
 Leacby who went about twenty Leagues, and 
 then beginning to want Provifions, and un- 
 dergoing feveral Hardfhips, and aJfo difco- 
 vering fome Rocks that feemed to crofs the 
 River, had not Time or Conveniency to 
 fearch whether there was any Paflage among 
 the Rocks. But by the Tradition of the 
 Country People, the River is paflable a great 
 Way farther up, to fome large Lakes. Others 
 believe that the Senegal, which falls into the 
 Sea on the North, and the Cajfamanfa^ which 
 falls into the Sea on the South, rife both out 
 of the fame Lakes as the Gambia doth, and 
 that thofe Lakes are fupplied by a Branch 
 which fcparates from the Nile^ after it leaves 
 tlie Mountains, and the Kingdom of they/^^/. 
 fines. Herodolus^ and long fince him, the Nubian 
 Geographer, both fay, that a Branch of the Nile 
 .runs weft ward, and after a very long Courfe 
 falls into the Jllanlick Ocean. What makes 
 this feem improbable, is, the great Diftance 
 from jEtbiopia to the Mouth of the Gambia \ 
 but if we confidcr that the Mountains oi At- 
 las run from Nubia^ Ealt and Weft, to Cape 
 Blanco; which hinders any River, rifing in 
 the South of yjfrica^ trom falling into the 
 Mediterranean Sea •, it will be lefs difficult to 
 believe that if a Branch of the Nile does di- 
 vide to the Weftward, it muft fall into the 
 Ocean by the Gambia, Senegal, and Sierra 
 Leone, being augmented it its PafTage by all 
 the Waters which fall lo the South of Mount 
 /Itlas. This i^ certain, that the Sea-Horfe, 
 
 the
 
 Inland Tarts of kV RICK. 2$ 
 
 the Crocodile, and other Animals for which i73o« 
 the Nile is famous, abound in the Gambia : 
 It alfo overflows at a certain flated Seafon. 
 But thefe being Matters of Curiofity, we 
 muft leave to the Learned to difpute, and to 
 fome future Difcoverers, by Experience, to 
 clear up. 
 
 These different Kingdoms upon the Banks Inhabi- 
 of the Gambia are inhabited by feveral Races ^"^^,? ^^. 
 of People, Mundingoes^Jolloiffs^^Pholeys^Floops ^ 
 
 and Portuguefe : The naoft numerous are call'd Mundin- 
 Mundingoes^ as is likewife the Country where ^<7f/. 
 they inhabit : They arc generally of a black 
 Colour, and well let. When this Country -, , ^.^vfti*^'^' 
 was conquer'd by the Portuguefe, which was 
 about the Year 1420, fome of that Nation 
 fettled in it, who have cohabited with the 
 Mundingoes^ till they are now very near as 
 Black as they are -, but as they ftill retain a , 
 fort of a baftard Portuguefe Language call'd Laneua2c 
 Creole, and as they chrillen and marry by the 
 Help of a Prieil fent yearly over hither from 
 ^- J^SP^ one of the Cape de Verd Iflands, 
 they reckon themfelves ftill as well as if they 
 were adually White, and nothing angers them 
 more than to call them Negroes, that being a 
 Term they ufe only for Slaves, and their not 
 underftanding the true Meaning of the Word 
 is the Reafon of their being fo very much 
 affronted at it. 
 
 O N the North Side of the River Gambia, JoUotp^ 
 and from thence in- land, are a People call'd 
 Jolloiffs, wliofe Country is vaftly large, and 
 extends even to the River Senegal. Thefe 
 People are much blacker, and much hand- 
 
 fomcr
 
 50 TRAVELS into the 
 
 «73o. Tomer than the Mundingoes^ for they have not 
 the broad Nofes and thick Lips peculiar to 
 the Mundingoes and Floops. In fhort, all the 
 Countries hereabout (and I have feen vaft 
 Numbers of People from each) cannot come 
 
 Exceeding up to the Jolloiffs for Blacknefs of Skin, 
 
 Black. and Beauty of Features. 
 
 I N every Kingdom and Country on each 
 Side of the River there are fome People of 
 Pboleys. a tawny Colour, call'd Pholeys, much like the 
 yirahs •, which Language they mod of them 
 fpeak, being to them as the Latin is in Eu' 
 rope, for it is taught in Schools, and their 
 Lsiw, ihctf^lcoran-, is in that Language. They 
 are more generally learned in the Arahick^ 
 than the People of Europe are in Latin, for 
 they can moft of them fpeak it, tho* they 
 have a vulgar Tongue befides, call*d Pholey, 
 They live in Hoards or Clans, build Towns, 
 and are not fubjcd: to any Kings of the Coun- 
 try, tho' they live in their Territories ; for 
 if they are ill-treated in one Nation, they 
 break up their Towns, and remove to another. 
 They have Chiefs of their own, who rule 
 with fo much Moderation, that every Aft of 
 Government feems rather an Act of the Peo- 
 ple than of one Man. This Form of Go- 
 vernment goes on eafily, becaufe the People 
 are of a good and quiet Difpofition, and fo 
 well intruded in what isjull and right, that 
 a Man who does ill, is the Abomination of 
 all, and none will fupport him againft the 
 Chief. 
 
 In thefe Countries the Natives are not ava- 
 ricious ot Lands ; ihcy defirc no more than 
 
 what
 
 Inland Tarts of AFRICA. 31 
 
 what they ufe •, and as they do not plough »730' 
 with Horfes or Cattle, they can ufe but very 
 little, therefore the Kings are willing to give 
 the Pboleys Leave to cultivate Lands, and live 
 in their Countries. They plant near their 
 Houfes Tobacco, and all round their Towns 
 they open for Cotton, which they fence in 
 together i beyond that are their Corn -Fields, 
 of which they raife the four Kinds ufual all 
 over this Country •, that is to fay, Indian 
 Corn, or Maife, which grows in great Pods, 
 and is the Food of the Natives of America^ 
 as well as Africa<i therefore is fo well known 
 as not to need being defcribed : Befides which 
 they hav^ Rice, and the larger and the lefler 
 Guinea Corn. In Gambia is no Wheat, Barley, 
 Rye, Oats, nor any other ^wrci/^f^/z Grain ; but 
 there is akindof Pulfe between the Kidney-Bean 
 and Pea, and Potatoes and Yams. The Indian Indian 
 Corn they fet in Holes, three or four together. Corn, 
 about four Foot diftant from each other, fo that 
 it grows likeHops. This fhoots to about eight 
 or ten Foot high, being a large Cane, with 
 the Ears grov/ing out of the Sides., The Rice, Rice, 
 which is the fecond Kind, and efteem'd their 
 choicefl: Food, they fet in Rills, as we do 
 Pcafe ; it grows in wet Grounds, the Ears Larger 
 like Oats. The l^r^trGuinea Corn is round, and Guinea 
 about the Size of the fmalleft Peafe : They^°^"' 
 fow it by Hand, as we do Wheat and Barley ; 
 it grows to nine or ten Foot high, upon a 
 fmali Reed •, the Grain is at the Top in a large 
 Tuft. The leffer Guinea Corn is call'd by the 
 Portuguefe Manfaroke. This likewife is fowed Manfa- 
 by Hand, and fhoots to the fame Height, roke. 
 upon a large Reed, on the Top of which the 
 Corn grows, on a Head like a Bulxulh : The 
 
 Grain 
 
 ^
 
 3* 
 
 TRAVELS into the 
 
 1730. Grain itfelf is very fmall, and like Canary- 
 Seed in Shape, only larger. Thefe are all 
 
 the Bread-Kind that are ufed in Gambia ; and 
 indeed the Natives make no Bread, but eat 
 the Flower of the various Grains, as Thick- 
 nersto Liquids. The Indian Corn they moft- 
 ly ufe when green, parching it in the Ear upon 
 TheirUfe. Coals, and then it eats like green Peafe. They 
 boil their Rice chiefly as the Turks do: They 
 always by beating in wooden Mortars make 
 Flower of the Guinea Corn and Manfaroke, 
 as they do fometimes of the two former Spe- 
 cies. The Natives never bake Cakes or Bread 
 for themfelves (as I faid before) but thofe of 
 their Women accuftomed to Europeans have 
 learnt to do both. 
 
 Manners 
 of the 
 Pholejs. 
 
 Humani- 
 ty- 
 
 I HAVE chofe to mention their various 
 Kinds of Grain, now that I am fpeaking of 
 the Pboleysj becaufe they are thegreateft Plan- 
 ters in the Country, tho' they are Strangers 
 in it. They are very induflrious and frugal, 
 and raifc much more Corn and Cotton than 
 they confume, which they fell at reafonable 
 Rates, and are very hofpitable and kind to 
 all i fo that to have a Pholey Town in the 
 Neighbourhood, is by the Natives reckon'd 
 a BlefTing. And their Behaviour has gain'd 
 them fuch general Reputation, that it is u- 
 niverfally iook'd upon as infamous to violate 
 the Laws of Hofpitality towards them. As 
 their Humanity extends to all, they are dou- 
 bly kind to People of their own Race, info- 
 much that if they know of one of them be- 
 ing made a Slave, all the Pholeys will redeem 
 him. And as they have plenty of Food, they 
 never futfcr any of their gwn Nation to want ; 
 
 but
 
 Inlmid Tarts <?/ AFRICA. 33 
 
 but fupport the OJd, the Blind, and Lame, i7Zo^_ 
 equally with the others *, and, as far as their 
 Ability goes, aflift the Wants of the Mundin- 
 goes, great Numbers of whom they have main- 
 tain'd in Famines. They are very rarely _ 
 angry, and I never heard them abufe each ^^^-' 
 other i yet this Mildnefs does not proceed 
 from want of Courage, for they are as brave 
 as any People of Africa •, and the Jolloiffs\ 
 nay even the King of Barfally does not dare 
 to meddle with them. They ufe their Arms 
 very dexteroully, which are the Lance, a Sagay, 
 Bows and Arrows, fhort Cutlaffes, which 
 they call Fongs, and Guns upon Occafion. 
 They fettle commonly near fome Mundingo 
 Town, there being fcarce one of any Note 
 or Bignefs (efpecially up the River) but what 
 there is another of thefe Pholeys not far from 
 it. They are flriift Mahometans ; none of them Religion, 
 (unlefs here and there one) will drink Bran- 
 dy, or any thing ftronger than Water and 
 Sugar. 
 
 They breed Cattle, and are very dexte- Cattle. 
 
 rous at managing them, fo that the Mundin- 
 
 goes leave theirs to their Care; the whole Herd 
 
 belonging tp Towns feed all the Day in the 
 
 Savannahs, and after the Crop is off, in the 
 
 Rice-Grounds : They are watched by fome 
 
 Herdfmen, who prevent their going into the 
 
 Corn, or running into the Woods. They 
 
 have a Place near each Town for the Cattle, ' 
 
 in the Middle of v/hich they raife a Stage 
 
 about eight Foot high from the Ground, 
 
 and eight or ten Foot wide : To this is a 
 
 'Ladder, and over it a Roof of Thatch, with 
 
 the Sides all open. They drive great Num- 
 
 > D bers
 
 34 TRAVELS htto the 
 
 1730. bers of Stakes in Rings round the Stage, and 
 every Night they duly bring up the Cattle, 
 who are lb tame, and well accultom'd to it, 
 that they come up with Eafe; each Beaft is 
 tied feparate to a Stake, with a ftrong Rope, 
 which they make of the Barks of Trees. 
 Milk. After the Cattle are tied, they milk the Cows, 
 and four or five Men flay upon the Stage all 
 Night, with their Arms, to guard them from 
 the Lyons, and other wild Beafts. The Calves 
 they wean from the Cows, and keep in a corn- 
 Breed, mon Penn, which is made with fo ftrong and 
 high a Fence round it, that no wild Beaft can 
 pafs it. In the Morning they again milk the 
 Cows, and then let them go into the Savan- 
 nahs, as ufual. 
 
 They are great Hnntfmen : They kill 
 Lyons, Tygers, and other wild Beafts, and 
 Manner of often go twenty or thirty in a Company to 
 Humiiig. hunt Elephants, whofe Teeth they fell, and 
 whofe Flcfti they fmoak, dry and eat, keepino" 
 it feveral Months together. The ElephanS' 
 Elephants (as they lay) generally go an hundred or two 
 mdchiev- hundred in a Drove, and do great Mifchief, 
 not only to the fmall Trees, which they pull 
 up by the Roots with their Trunks, but like- 
 wife to the Corn : To prevent which, the Na- 
 tives, on Notice or Sufpicion of their coming, 
 make Fires all round their Corn to keep them 
 out i for if they get once in, they will with 
 their broad Feet trample it down for perhaps 
 half a Mile together. 
 
 Were it not for i\\tkPboleys, I believe, 
 many of the Mundvigoes would want Sufte- 
 «ance. they felling them a great deal of Corn: 
 
 They
 
 ^ Che boufTT-nae oi^ tnis Kiver, over-" _ 
 asaind Jamo Fort, in the Empire of Foma, '^'''*- 
 •* D 2 and
 
 o
 
 Inla7id "Parts ^/AFRICA." 35 
 
 They are almoft the only People who make ijso* 
 Butter, which they barter up the River for 
 SaJr. They are very particular in their Drefs, XH'' 
 and never wear any other than white Cotton 
 Ciothes, which they make themfelves. They 
 are always very clean, efpecially the Women, 
 who keep their Houfes very fweet, and which Buildings, 
 are built in a very regular Method, a good 
 Way diftant from each other, to avoid Fire, 
 forming very good Streets and PafTages, a 
 thing which the Mundingoes do not regard, 
 [I have given a Draught of a Phok'j Town, 
 with their Cotton and Cattle Ground, moft 
 of their Towns are upon the fame Model.] 
 They are great Admirers of large white, aod 
 large yellow Beads, which laft are call'd by 
 their own Name, viz. Pholey Beads. 
 
 These are almoft: the only People high 
 up the River, of whom Beads can be purcha- 
 fed : We ufed to pur chafe a Cow for an Iron 
 Barr, but of late fome of the Matters of the 
 Sloops in this River have raifed the Prices, fo 
 that now we are obliged to give fometimes 
 two Iron Barrs for one Bead, it being a very 
 hard Matter to make them lower the Prices 
 again, when once they have had an Opportu- 
 nity of raifing them. They are very Super- odd Not' 
 ftitious in feme Things, one of which is, that ons. 
 if they know any Body boils the fweet Milk 
 which they buy of them, they will not for 
 any Confideration fell that Perfon any more, 
 becaufc they fay, that boiling the Milk makes 
 the Cows dry. 
 
 ' O N the South-fide of this River, over- 
 againft Jam^s Fort, in the Empire of Fonia^ Funh.^ 
 D 2 and
 
 3^ TRAVELS into the. 
 
 1-50. and but a little Way inland are a Sort of 
 Floops. People cail'd Floops, who are in a manner 
 wild: They border clofe to the Mundingoes, 
 and are bitter Enemies to each other. Their 
 Country is of a vafl Extent, but they have 
 ^^^ "° no King among them, each of their Towns 
 '"^" being fortified with Sticks drove all round, 
 and filled up with Clay : They are indepen- 
 dant of each other, and under the Government 
 of no one Chief; notwithftanding which, they 
 unite fo firmly, that all the Force of the 
 Stria Mitndingoes (tho' fo very numerous) cannot 
 Union, ggj. ^i^g better of them. In the Year 1731, 
 the Governour of James Fort fent a Sloop 
 and a Shallop on a trading Voyage to CuUheo, 
 a Settlement belonging to the Portugueje, ly- 
 ing about twenty Leagues to the Southward 
 of the Mouth of this River, and in their Way 
 thither in going up a River the Shallop ran 
 aground on a Place belonging to the Floops, 
 who came down in great Numbers to the 
 ^.^^^'■' Water-fide, and attack'd the Shallop with 
 Bows and Arrows ; which being wcll-mann*d 
 with about five white armed Men, and feven 
 Caftle-Slaves, who on Occafion ferve as Sol- 
 diers, they fought bravely, and kill'd a great 
 many of the Floops. In about half an Hour's 
 time the Water rifing, and the Shallop being 
 afloat, it gave the Floops the llip, and left 
 them to bury their Dead. When the Sloop 
 rcturn'd to James Fort, the Governor gave 
 each of the black People a new Suit of Clothes. 
 Thefe Floops have the Character never to for- 
 give, or let the lead Injury go unrevenged ; 
 but then, to make amends, the lead good 
 Office done them is always repaid by them 
 '; with ;j grateful Acknowledgment. 
 
 Gambia 
 
 milh. 
 
 Thci 
 Crauiude.
 
 Inland Tarts c/ AF R I C A. 37 
 
 Gambia River is navigable for Sloops 1730- 
 above 200 Leagues, the Tides reaching fo 
 far from the Mouth of it. The Sides of the 
 River are for the moft part flat and woody, 
 for about a quarter of a Mile inland, in fome 
 Places not fo much, and within that are plea- 
 fant open Grounds, which they ufe for their 
 Rice, and in the dry Seafon it ferves the Cat- 
 tle for Pafture. Inland it is generally very 
 woody, but near the Towns there is always a 
 good large Space of clear'd Ground for Corn. 
 The Soil is moftly Sand, with fome Clay, Soil on the 
 and a great deal of rocky Ground. Near the ^^"p*. °^ 
 Sea, and the lower part of the River, are no ^Q^mbir 
 Hills to be feen •, but high up the River are 
 fome lofty Mountains, from the Tops of 
 which are pleafant Profpefls. The Hills are 
 of Iron-Stone ; and tho' they are fometimes 
 little elfe but a continued hard Rock, yet are 
 they full of Trees. In every Kingdom there Lords of 
 are feveral Lords of Soils, commonly call'd *^^ ^^^^' 
 Kings of the Towns where they dwell. It is 
 their Property to have all the Palm-Trees 
 and Ciboa-Trees, infomuch that no one durft 
 cut any Leaves, or draw any Wine from them, 
 without their previous Knowledge and Confent.' 
 The Men who have the Liberty of drawing 
 Wine, give two Days Produce in a Week to 
 the Lord of the Soil, as an Acknowledgment ; 
 and White Men are obliged to make a fmall 
 Prefent to them, before they can have liberty 
 to cut Ciboa Leaves or Grafs to cover a 
 Houfe. And here perhaps it will not be im- 
 proper to mention the Palm-Tree, a fine ftrait Pakn- 
 Tree, that grows to a prodigious Height j Tree, 
 out of it the Natives extract a fort of white 
 Liquor like Whey, call'd Palm-Wine, by 
 D 5 makU
 
 3^ T R AV EL S into the 
 
 1730. making an Incifion at the Top of the Trunk 
 falm- Qf fj^g Tree, to which they afpply Gourd- 
 '°^' Bottles ; into them runs the Liquor by the 
 How means of a Pipe, which they make of Leaves. 
 ''^^* This Wine is very pleafant to drink as foon as 
 drawn, being extraordinary fweet, but is apt 
 to purge very much : In a Day or two it fer- 
 ments, grows hard and ftrong, like Rhenijh 
 Wine, at which time the Natives drink it in 
 abundance, it being then no way prejudicial 
 to the Health. It is very furprizing to fee 
 how nimbly the Natives will go up thefe 
 Trees, (which are fometimes fixty, feventy, 
 or an hundred Foot high, and the Bark 
 fmooth.) They have nothing to help them 
 Method of to climb, but a Piece of the Bark of a Tree, 
 dimbmg j„3de round like a Hoop, with which they 
 enclofe themfelves and the Tree, and fo fet- 
 ting their Feet againft the Tree, and their 
 Backs againft the Hoop, (upon which their 
 Lives depend) they go up very faft : Some- 
 times they mifs their Footing, and fall down 
 and lofe their Lives, 
 
 Ciboa- The Ciboa-Tree is very much like a Palm- 
 
 Trec. 1 ree, and grows to a great Height : The 
 Leaves which grow on the Top are very ufe- 
 ful for covering of Houfes, and the Natives 
 cxtracfl Wine out of it juft the fame Way as 
 out of the Palm-Tree: It is not quite fo 
 fweet as the Palm-Wine, but taftes not un- 
 like it. The Trunk of this Tree, when young, 
 is, as v/ell as the Pnlm, very fappy i but 
 when old, is very tough. 
 
 Language. The moft general Language is Mundingoe, 
 by which Name the Country and People are 
 
 callM J
 
 PJS. 

 
 Inland "Parts <?/ AFRICA. ^^ 
 
 . J call*d : If you can fpeak that Language, you 1730. 
 
 / '. may travel from the River's Mouth up to the 
 
 ^ : Country of Joncoes (alias Merchants -,) (o call'd 
 
 from their buying every Year a vail Number 
 
 M^f Slaves there, and bringing them down to 
 
 the lower Parts of this River to fell to the 
 
 White People : Which Country, I believe, 
 
 cannot by all Reports be lefs than fix Weeks 
 
 Journey from James Fort. 
 
 The next Language moftly us'd here is 
 call'd Creole Portuguefe^ a baftard Sort of Por- 
 tuguefe^ fcarce underllood in Lisbon ; but it is 
 foone/ learnt by EngUJhmen than any other 
 Language in this River, and is always fpoken 
 by the Linguifts, which ferve both the fepa- 
 rate Traders and the Company. The two Author 
 foregoing Languages I learnt whilft in the learns it 
 River. 
 
 The Arahkk is fpoken by the Pboleys, and 
 by moll of the Mahometans in the River, tho' 
 they are Mundingoes ; but thofe who can write 
 \k Arahick^ are very llri6l at their Devotions three 
 % or four Times a Day, and are very fober and Sobriety; 
 \l abllemious in their Way of Living, chufing 
 rather to dye than drink llrong Liquors, and 
 rather fall than eat any thing which is not 
 kill'd by one of their own Way of Thinking. 
 They have a great Veneration paid thpm by superftir 
 all the Mundingoes^ infomuch that if any of tion, 
 them are ill, they apply to a Mahometan for 
 Cure i but not by inward Potions, as any 
 ■^ one would reafonably imagine, but they put 
 .Lib much Faith in them, that they defire them 
 ' only to write a fort of a Note on a fmall 
 Tiece of Paper, for them to wear about them, 
 D 4 im^ 
 
 /
 
 40 TRAVELS into the 
 
 1730. imagining tliat as they have a Paper about 
 them written by a Holy Man, no 111 can 
 happen to them, or continue long with them: 
 . But the worft of it is, that they pay a great 
 Price for thefe Papers ; by which means the 
 Bujherines Mahometans^ commonly call'd Bujherines^ are 
 generally richer, and have greater Plenty of 
 Things about them, than the Generality of 
 the Mundingoes. 
 
 Amongst the Mundingoes there is a Cant 
 Language, entirely unknown to the Women, 
 being only fpoken by the Men, and is feldom 
 cs*d by them in any other Difcourfe than 
 concerning a dreadful Bugbear to the "Women, 
 Mumho- call'd Mumho-Jumbo^ which is what keeps the 
 Jumho. Women in awe : And tho' they fliould chance 
 to underftand this Language, yet were the 
 Men to know it, they would certainly miir* 
 der them. 
 
 Besides the foregoing Languages, there 
 are alfo others which every Kingdom has pe- 
 culiar to itfelf i fuch is that of the Floops^ Ban- 
 yoons^ Jolloiffs^ and Bumbrongt ', the latter of 
 which are very diftant from the River i in the 
 Merchants Country. 
 
 Trade. The chief Trade of this Country is Gold, 
 
 Slaves, Elephants Teeth, and Bees- Wax. The 
 Gold is of a very good Quality, and finer 
 than the Sterling Gold. They bring it in 
 fmall Barrs, big in tlie middle, and turned 
 round into Rings, from 10 to 40 j. each. 
 The Merchants who bring this and the other 
 Inland Commodities, are Blacks of the Mun^ 
 dingo Race, and are call'd in Mundingo^ Jon- 
 
 coes^
 
 Inland Tarts ^/AFRICA. : 41 
 
 coes. They are very unwilling to tell much 1730- 
 of the Inland Countries ; all that I could ga- 
 ther from them concerning the Gold was, that 
 it is not wafh*d out of the Sand, but dug out Gold, 
 of Mines in the Mountains, the neareft 20 how got. 
 Days Journey from Cower. In the Country 
 where the Mines are, they fay there are Houfes 
 built with Stone, and cover'd with Terrafs ; 
 and that the fliort Cutlafles with wooden 
 Handles, and Knives, which they bring down 
 with them, are made there, the Steel of which 
 is very good. 
 '^"^ ' '--'■. &-'^' ■' 
 
 The fame Merchants bring down Ele- 
 phants Teeth, and in fome Years Slaves to Slaves, 
 the Amount of 2000, mod of which they 
 fiy are Prifoners taken in War ; They buy 
 them from the different Princes who take 
 them ; many of them are Bittnhrongs and Pet- 
 charies. Nations who each of them have diffe- 
 rent Languages, and are brought from a vaft 
 Way inland. Their Way of bringing them 
 is, tying them by the Neck with Leather- 
 Thongs, at about a Yard diftance from each 
 other, 30 or 40 in a String, having generally 
 a Bundle of Corn, or an Elephant's Tooth 
 upon each of their Heads. In their Way 
 from the Mountains they travel thro* very 
 great Woods, where they cannot for fome p 
 Days get Water, fo they carry in Skin-Bags ^^^\l 
 enough to fupport them for that Time. I Watet." 
 cannot be certain of the Number of Mer- 
 chants who follow this Trade, but there may 
 perhaps be about an Hundred, who go up 
 into the Inland Country with the Goods, 
 which they buy from the White Men, and 
 with them purchafing in various Countries 
 
 Gold^
 
 Punifh- 
 tiient. 
 
 41 TRAVELS info the 
 
 173d. Gold, Slaves and Elephants Teeth. They 
 ufe AfTes as well as Slaves in carrying their 
 Goods, but no Camels nor Horfes, 
 
 Besides the Slaves which the Merchants 
 bring down, there are many bought along 
 the River. Thefe are either taken in War> 
 as the former are, or elfe Men condemned for 
 Crimes, or elfe People ftolen, which is very 
 frequent. The Company 's Servants never buy 
 any of the lad, if they fufpefl it, without 
 fending for the Alcade, or chief Men of the 
 Place, and confulting with them about the 
 Matter. Since this Slave-Trade has been us'd, 
 all Punifhments are chang'd into Slavery j 
 there being an Advantage on fuch Condemna- 
 tions, they ftrain for Crimes very hard, in 
 order to get the Benefit of felling the Crimi- 
 nal. Not only Murder, Theft and Adultery, 
 are punifh*d by felling the Criminal for a 
 Slave, but every trifling Crime is punilh'd 
 in the fame manner. 
 
 Hard Sen- T H E R E was a Man brought to me in To- 
 tcnce. Wi2^)', to be fold for having ftolen a Tobacco- 
 pipe. I fent for the Alcade, and with much 
 ado perfuaded the Party grieved to accept of 
 a Compofition, and leave the Man free. 
 
 I N Cantore^ a Man feeing a Tyger eating 
 a Deer, which he had kill'd and hung up near 
 his Houfe, fir'd at the Tyger, and the Bullet 
 iuightcr. ^.'^^''^ ^ Man : The King not only condemned 
 him, but alfo his Mother, three Brothers and 
 three Sifters, to be fold. They were brought 
 down to me at I'am-jainacunda -, it made 
 my Heart ake to fee them, and I did not buy 
 
 them ;
 
 Inland Tarts (?/ A F R I G A. 43 
 
 them ; upon which they were fent farther 1730. 
 down the River, and fold to fome feparate 
 Traders Ships at Joar^ and the King had the 
 Benefit of the Goods for which they were 
 fold. 
 
 Several of the Natives have many Family- 
 Slaves born in their Families : There is a Slaves, 
 whole Village near Brucoeof 200 People, who 
 are all the Wives, Slaves, or Children of one 
 Man. And tho* in fome Parts of Africa 
 they fell their Slaves born in the Family, yen 
 in the River Ga?nhia they think it a very 
 wicked thing ; and I never heard of but one 
 that ever fold a Family-Slave, except for 
 fuch Crimes as would have made them to be 
 fold had they been free. If there are many 
 Family-Slaves, and one of them commits a 
 Crime, the Mafter cannot fell him without 
 the joint Confent of the reft ; for if he does, 
 they will all run away, and be prote(5ted by 
 the next Kingdom, to which they fly. The 
 Slaves fold in the River, befides thofe brought 
 by the Merchants, may aonount in a Year to 
 about 1000, more or lefs, according to the 
 "Wars upon the River. 
 
 The third great Merchandife of the Ri- 
 ver is Ivory, or Elephants Teeth, got either Ivory. 
 by hunting or killing the Beafts, or pick'd 
 lip in the Woods. It is a Trade us'd by all 
 Nations hereabouts, for whoever kills an E- 
 lephant has liberty to fell him and his Teeth; 
 but thofe traded for in this River are general- 
 ly brought from a good Way inland, and a 
 great many of them by the Merchants. I 
 never faw a full-grown Elephant, folhall not 
 
 fpeak
 
 44 TRAVELS into the 
 
 1750' fpeak concerning them ; but the Teeth I have 
 had fome Experience in. Some are found 
 in the Woods ; but whether they are of Ele- 
 phants long' dead, or whether the Elephants 
 jfhed their Teeth, I have not been able to 
 learn: But I have known Men bring in Teeth, 
 which they have found in the Woods, without 
 any Skull or Bones fix'd to them. The big- 
 Towh. 8^^ Tooth I ever faw, weighed 130/. The 
 larger they are, the more valuable by the 
 Pound. One Tooth which weighs 100 Pounds, 
 is worth more than three Teeth which weigh 
 140 Pounds. Many of them are broken-point- 
 ed, thefe are confiderable lefs in their Value; 
 fome are white, others are yellow, but the 
 Difference of Colour makes no Difference pf 
 Price. 
 
 B«es-Wax, The 4th Branch of Trade is Bees- Wax ; 
 which may be much increa's'd. The Mundin- 
 goes make Bee-Hives of Straw, in Shape like 
 ours, and fix a Bottom-Board into the Hive, 
 thro* which there is a Hole for the Bees tp 
 go in at J they then fling them by Wyths to 
 Boughs of Trees. When they take the 
 Combs they fmother the Bees, and prefTing 
 off the Honey (of which they make Honey- 
 Wine) they boil up the Wax with Water, 
 ftrain it, and prefs it through Hair-Clothes, 
 into Holes made into the Ground for that 
 purpofe. They make and fell Quantities of 
 it in this River. That which is cleared 
 from Dirt is the beft ; we try it by boring 
 through the Cakes, which are from 20 Pounds 
 to 120 Pounds Weight.
 
 Inland Tam ^/ A F R I C A. 45^ 
 
 A B A R R is a Denomination given to a ^ g^^j.^ 
 certain Quantity of Goods of any Kind, 
 which Quantity was of equal Value among 
 the Natives to a Barr of Iron, when this Ri- 
 ver was firft traded to. Thus, a Pound of 
 Fringe is a Barr, two Pounds of Gunpowder 
 is a Barr, an Ounce of Silver is but a Barr, 
 and 100 Gun-Flints is a Barr, and each Spe- 
 cies of trading Goods has a Quantity in it 
 called a Barr; thejrefore their Way of reckon- 
 ing is by Barrs, or Crowns, one of which does 
 not fometimes amount to above one Shilling 
 Sterling •, but that happens according to the 
 Goods which they are in Want of, fometimes 
 cheap, fometimes dear. Thefe five Articles, Heads of 
 viz. Spread-Eagle Dollars, Cryftal Beads, Goods. 
 Iron Barrs, Brafs Pans, and Arrangoes, are 
 called the Heads of the Goods, becaufe they 
 are dearell. When you agree with the Mer- 
 chants for Slaves, you always agree how ma- 
 ny of the Heads of the Goods you fhall give 
 him upon each Slave, which is three or four, 
 if Slaves are worth forty or fifty ; but when 
 Slaves are dearer, as they oftentimes are, at 
 i eighty Barrs per Head, then you muft give Price of 
 five, and fometimes fix of the Heads upon^^^^^* 
 i every Slave; and there is an Aflbrtment made 
 lol ,r,he Goods, by Barrs of different Species, ., 
 ' which come out to the Price of the Slaves. 
 'The Men and Women ufed to be much 
 'dearer than Boys and Girls ; but there have 
 ibeen fo many Vefiels in the River of late 
 Years, for young Slaves, to carry to Cadiz 
 and Lijhon^ that there is fcarce any Difference 
 between the Prices of young Slaves and 
 grown ones. 
 
 I
 
 46 TRAVELS into the 
 
 1730. I AR R I vE D (as I mentioned before) on the 
 tenth of November^ and I had to myfelf a 
 good Apartment, near the Compting-Houfe. 
 I dieted with the reft of the Writers, at what 
 was the fecond Table ; we had frelh Provifions 
 in Plenty, there being a Bcaft killed every o- 
 ther Day ; we had Fowls brought daily by the 
 Natives, to fell to the Governor, and he allow- 
 ed any Perfon, who did not care for Beef, to 
 
 Provlfion. have them at a very eafy Rate. Our Table, as 
 well as the Governoi*^, was almoft every Day 
 fupplied with Greens out of the Company's 
 Garden at Gillyfrce, and for which we paid no- 
 thing. Flower we were well fupplied with by 
 the Company, and having a Baker on the Ifland, 
 and an Oven, we had very good Bread made us 
 every Day. Oyfters we had when we pleafed, 
 for at Low-water we could get them at the N. 
 N. W. Point of the Ifland, We had Wine and 
 Brandy at a moderate Price, and when there was 
 any Quantity of Beer on the Illand, we were 
 allowed a pretty good Share of it. In ihort, 
 we wanted for nothing that was necefTary in 
 regard to Diet •, but then it is right for every 
 one who comes over here, to bring Bedding, 
 Chcfts, and Cloathing. It is ufual, as foon 
 
 wr^tv.,^ as a Perfon arrives here, to ap;ree with fome 
 Woman at Gdhfree to warn their Linnen, 
 which they do by the Month, and with Soap 
 of their own making, reckon'd exceeding 
 good i fo that it is unnecefTary to bring Soap 
 out of England. When any one wants to go 
 a-fhore, it is but afking Leave of the Go- 
 vernor, who fcldom denies it. 
 
 O N tlie I ith of Novernhefy our third chief 
 Merchant, Mr. Tkcmai Harrifm^ went up» 
 
 the
 
 inland Tarts of A F R I G A. 4;> 
 
 the River, on board the Conipany*s Sloop, «730. 
 Adventure^ to fettle a Fadory at Tancrowall, 
 which lies on the South Side of the River, 
 about twelve Leagues above James Fort. 
 
 On the 13th, came up to the Fort the Sloop ar- 
 Company's Sloop Fame, John Boys Com- J*^^" ^'°"* 
 mander, having been on a trading Voyage to '^** 
 
 St JagOy one of the Cape de Verde Iflands, 
 from whence Ihe brought fome Portu- 
 guefe Mafons, to repair the Fort. I never 
 was at thefe Iflands, but B ampler gives the 
 following Account, which agrees with what 
 I have generally heard. 
 
 " saint: JAGO'is^ Town lying on die . ^ 
 
 *« South- Weft Part of one of the Cape ^^tharXnd 
 *' Verde Iflands, of the fame Name; which 
 *' is the Seat of the General Governor, and 
 ** of the Bifhop of all the Cape de Verde 
 " Iflands. This Town ftands fcattering 
 ** againft the Sides of tv/o Mountains, be- 
 *' tween which there is a deep Valley, which 
 '* is about 200 Yards wide^ againft the Sea. 
 " In the Valley, by the Sea, there is a ftrag- 
 •' gling Street, Houfes on each Side, and a 
 ** Brook of Water in the Bottom, which 
 *' empties itfelfinto a fine fmall fandy Bay, 
 *' where the Sea is commonly very fmooth ; 
 *' fo that here is good Watering and Landing 
 " at any Time, tho* the Road is rocky, 
 ** and bad for Ships. Juft by the Linding- 
 *• Place there is a fmall Fort, almoft level 
 *' with the Sea, where is always a Court of 
 " Guard kept. On the Top of the Hill, 
 " above the Town, there is another Fort, 
 " which, by the Wall that is to be feen from 
 
 " the
 
 48- TRAVELS into the 
 
 1750. *' the Red, feems to be a large Place. 
 *' They have Cannon mounted there, but I 
 " don't know what Ufe that Fort can be of, 
 " unlefs it be for Salutes. The Town may 
 " confiit of 200 or 300 Houfcs, all built of 
 ** rough Stone, having alfo one Convent, 
 '* and one Church. 
 
 *' The People, in general, are black, or 
 Its liiha-*' at leaft of a mix'd Colour, except only 
 bitants. *' fome few of the better Sort, viz. the Go- 
 *' vernor, the Bifhop, fome Gentlemen, and 
 " fome Padres, or Priefls, for fome of thefe 
 *' alfo are black. The People about Praya. 
 " are thievifh, but thofe of St Jago Town» 
 *' living under the Governor's Eye, are 
 *' more orderly, tho* generally poor, having 
 " little Trade. 
 
 Bad Road *' SAINT JAGO Road is one of the 
 for Ships, it -worft that I have feen. There is not clean 
 " Ground enough for above three Ships, 
 *' and thofe alfo mud lye very near each 
 " other-, one even of thefe muft lye clofe 
 " to the Shore, with a Land-fift there, and 
 *' that is the bed for a fmall Ship. The 
 *' Ifland Fuogo fliews itfelf, from this Road, 
 " very plain, at about feven or eight 
 " Leagues Ditlance; and in the Night are 
 " feen the Flames of Fire ifiliing from its 
 " Top*.*' 
 
 The Governor and chief Merchants of 
 Jaffifs Fort do fometimes fend Vcflels to thefe 
 Iflands for Salt, which is one of the boft 
 
 * Dampitr\ Voyages. 
 
 Com-
 
 Inland Tarts ^AFRICA. 45? 
 
 Commodities for Gambia River. In the Year 1730. 
 1733 they fent a Scooner thither, at which 
 Time the People of St Jago were in fuch 
 Want of Corn, by Reafon of their having 
 had no Rain, that they were almoft ftarvedi 
 and contradled with the Company's Supercar- 
 go, for a Lading of Corn, in Barter for 
 Skins, which is a great Trade at thefe 
 Iflands. 
 
 On the 14th, failed the Company's Snow, Ship fails 
 Guinea Pacquet, Capt, William Martin^ on a down for 
 trading Voyage down the Gold Coaft, and fo ^^^ ^^''^ 
 to Ca'pe Coaft Caftle, the head Settlement the 
 Company have in all Africa \ with her went 
 Mr Philip Galand^ my Ship-Mate, in order 
 to learn the Coaif Trade. About Midnight 
 our Enfign was called down by the Centinels, gj^^^g ^^ 
 who were then on Duty, in order to pre- tempt an 
 vent the Slaves from making their Efcape, Efcape. 
 they having got an Iron Bar out of the Slave- 
 Houfe Window ; but it was then too fmall 
 for a Man to get out at, fo that they were 
 taken and fecured in another Place for that 
 Night, and on the next Day the Ringleader 
 of them being found out, and proving to be 
 an old Offender, he was ordered one hundred 
 Lafhes. 
 
 On the i6th, Mr John Hamilton, my Ship* Faaoiy 
 Mate, was ordered up to manage the Faftory ^^^^f"^^"' 
 at Tancrowall^ now fettling there by Mr Har- 
 rifon, chiefly for Bees- Wax, for which they 
 muft pay a dear Rate, there being a Compe- A Partu- 
 titor, called Seignior Jnlonio Vofs, a nottdg^^fi Black 
 iSlack Portugueje, who lives near the Fa6bory, "^^'^ * 
 and trades very largely with moll of our j-^aclg 
 E Engiijh there.
 
 JO TRAVELS into the 
 
 1730. Efigli/b feparate Traders who ufe this River, 
 and very often trades with the Company. 
 He is reckoned to be worth 10,000/. Ster- 
 ling, has got avail Number of Houfe-Slaves, 
 (viz. Slaves which live with him as Servants, 
 a Grandeur much ufed both by the Portuguefc 
 and Spaniards) which he keeps for Service and 
 Breed, and are efteemed by him almoft as 
 much as his own Children. And as he has 
 got a great many Canoas, he fends his own 
 Men-Slaves with them to all Ports of Trade 
 up the River, and by that Means engrofTes 
 a great deal of Trade i infomuch that he has 
 commonly a great many Slaves, and good 
 Quantities of Elephants Teeth and Bees- 
 Wax by him, with which he turns a Penny 
 with the feparate Shipping, and is well 
 fkiiled in his Way of bartering, he being 
 thoroughly Mafter of the prime Coft, in 
 E}jgla?id-, of all forts of Goods, taking always 
 care to keep his Warchoufe well flocked with 
 Goods, and has the upperhand vaflly offome 
 of his Neighbours, who are fometimes obliged 
 to (land ftill half a Year together for want of 
 Goods to trade with.«^/ 
 
 Defcripti- TANCROWALL is divided into two 
 on of the Parts, one for the Portiiguefe, and the other 
 Place. for the Mundingoes ; the former livmg always 
 in fquare large Houfes, the latter in round 
 iluts, made of a good, fat, binding Clay, 
 which foon hardens, about twenty Feet Dia- 
 meter, and about eight Feet high ; over them 
 there is a Covering like a Beehive, made ei- 
 ther of Straw or Palfnclto Leaves, fo well fit- 
 ted that the Rain cannot penetrate them, nor 
 the Heat of the Sun flrike through them : 
 
 They
 
 Inland Tarts of KVKIC A, 51 
 
 They very much refemble fome Ice-houfes I 1730- 
 have feen in E?igland. 
 
 This Town o^ Tancrowall is the Refidence 
 of a Prieft, who is yearly fent over from St 
 Jago. Here is alfo a Church, where, during 
 the Priefl's Stay, is Mafs almoft every Day,- 
 Here are a great many other Portuguefe^ who 
 have among them feveral Canoas, which they 
 fend up the River to trade once or twice a 
 Year ; by which means they have made this 
 Town a FTaceof great Refort, and the richeft 
 in the whole River. It is pleafantly Situated 
 by the Water-Side, about half a Mile ii\ 
 Length, with a woody Hill behind, that runs 
 fome Miles along the River- Side about half 
 a Mile from it, between is pleafant Walking 
 in the Dry-Seafon. 
 
 On the 17th, early in the Morning, the 
 French Faftory at Albreda^ four Miles dillant, Alheda 
 was on Fire : It made a dreadful Figure. The o" ^^'■^• 
 Governor, with twelve Soldiers, went over 
 to their AfTiftance ; notwithftanding which, the 
 Houfe was much damaged, a great deal of 
 Flower and Bread fpoiled, and one Slave burnt 
 to Death. 
 
 On the 22d, the Governor went up in 
 the Difpatch Sloop to Geregia^ a Place up 
 Vintain River about fourteen Leagues from ^^^, ^-^ 
 the Fort, where the Company have a Fa^lory a Faaoiy. 
 for dry Goods chiefly, under the Diredion of 
 Mr PFilliajn Roberls. The Factory- Houfe be- 
 ing very bad, and ready to fall, and the King 
 of the Country not willing that a new one 
 lliould be built nearer the River-Side than the 
 
 E z old
 
 ^ T RAV ELS into the. 
 
 1 730. old one was, is the Reafon of the Governor's 
 going up, in order to have it built in a Place 
 moll commodious for the Company's landing 
 Goods, and on occafion to withdraw them. 
 At the fame time went up the Jdventure 
 Sloop to the fame Place, with our Enfign, a 
 Corporal, Drummer, and fixteen or twenty- 
 Soldiers. 
 
 Defcribed. GERE G I A is a fmall Town lying on 
 the South-Side of Vintam River, and about 
 eleven Leagues from the Mouth of it, which 
 enters the Gambia about three Leagues above 
 James Fort. It is inhabited by Portuguefe and 
 Banyjons^ the former are, as in other Parts 
 of the Country, very civil, but the latter are 
 fcarcely civilized. The Fa<5lor here buys a 
 great deal of Bees- Wax. Towards the Wa- 
 ter-Side the Land is pretty well clear'd, and 
 affords excellent Shooting. 
 
 O N the 29th, the Dif^atch and Adventure 
 came down from Gcregia with the Governor 
 and Soldiers, having made the King of Ge- 
 regia condefcend to let the Fad:ory-Houfe be 
 built in whatever Place the Governor pleafes. 
 The Sailors of the Difpatch told me, that in 
 their Way to Gercgm one of their Crew dropc 
 Sailor dug overboard in the Night and was drowned : 
 out of his xhe next Day after they found the Body float- 
 
 ' I r3Vc bv '1 
 
 Wolves. ^"g» ^"" buried it near the River-Side ; but 
 the next Day they found him again a great 
 Way higher, taken out of the Ground by- 
 Wolves, who had eaten his Plead, one of his 
 Arms, and part of his Breall : Upon which 
 they took him and buried him very deep in 
 the Ground, to prevent the Wolves from com- 
 ing at him again. O n
 
 Inland Tarts /?/ A F R I C A. S3 
 
 O N the 5th of December^ Mr Robert Banks, 1730- 
 a Writer, went up to Vintain in the Fa?ne^':'"'^^^^' 
 Sloop, Joh7i Bop Mailer, to fettle a Factory- 
 there, for which Purpofe he carried with him 
 a fmall Cargo of Goods. 
 
 O N the 1 2th, we perceived a Ship coming Three 
 up the River : When fhe was over-againft French 
 Albreda, the Governor order'd a Shot to be Ships put 
 fired to bring her to ; upon which flie faluted \" ^^ 
 our Fort v/ith nine Guns, which return'd the 
 fame Number, and foon after fhe came to 
 Anchor at Albreda. The fiime Night about 
 nine of the Clock, being Moon-light, I per- 
 ceiv'd two VelTels coming up the River •, the 
 Governor hearing of it, came diredly upon 
 the Baftion, and order'd a Shot to be fired 
 to bring them to, upon which they came to 
 Anchor •, but not fending their Boats to tell 
 us who they were, the Governor order'd an- 
 other Shot to be fired over them : Then the 
 Captain of one of them came to the Fort, 
 and told the Governor, that they were two 
 French Sloops from Senegal to Albreda to wa- 
 ter i that the Kings about the River Senegal 
 being at War, made it dangerous watering 
 thereabouts. I could not forbear fmiling to 
 fee how the Frenchman was frightned> when Timoroaf- 
 the File of Mufqueteers met him at the Wa- nefs of a 
 ter-Side to condud him to the Governor ; he Captain, 
 looked fo very fimple, and quaked fo very 
 much, that he could hardly fpeak a plain 
 Word. 
 
 On the 18th, the Fame Sloop, John Bop . 
 Mafter, failed up the River for Tam-^ama-^'^^'^l''''' 
 cunday with Mr Conner, Fador for that Place, 
 
 E 3 in
 
 54 TRAVELS into the 
 
 1730. in joint CommifTion with Mr John Brown j 
 whofd Colleague Mr Matthew irdfon is or^ 
 dcr'd down to this Fort by the Return of 
 this Sloop. 
 
 Oyflers This Evening I fupped upon Oyftcrs 
 
 growing ^^.j^i^-]^ gj-cw upon Trecs : This being li^me- 
 Trces. '^^'*''"^- remarkable, and mofl; People in Eng- 
 land unacquainted with, I fhall give them a 
 Notion of it. Down the River where the 
 Water is fair, and near the Sea, the River 
 is bounded with Trees called Mangroves ^"^ihoio. 
 Leaves being long and heavy, weigh the Boughs 
 into the Water •, to rhefe Leaves the young 
 Oyftcrs faften in great Quantities, where they 
 grow till they are very large, and then you 
 cannot feparatc them from the Tree, but are 
 obliged to cut off the Boughs, the Oyflers 
 hanging on them rcfemble a Rope of Onions. 
 
 c T) ■„, ^ >^' the 20th, I went to St Dopiingo on 
 the Main Continent of Jfrica, over-againft 
 James Fort, being the firlt Time of my go- 
 ing afhore. I walked from St Domingo tQ 
 
 Gillxfree. Gillyfrir, about a Mile and half, all the Way 
 through Grafs eight or nine Foot high •, by 
 the Way faw a great Number of Lizards, 
 fome of which have Ileads as yellow as Gold. 
 Not being able to get a Boat to carry me to 
 
 .. ^ . the Fort, I was obliged to flay all Night. 
 
 go defcri- ^^ Domingo lies on the North Side of the Ri- 
 
 bed. ver, diretftly oppofite to "James IJland, about 
 
 three Miles from it. It confifls only of a few 
 round Huts belonging to the Company, in 
 which fome of their Caitle-Slaves live, who 
 are there to cut Wood for the Ufe of the Fort, 
 and to take care of a Well which the Corn- 
 
 pany
 
 Inland Tarts ^/AFRICA. 55 
 
 pany have there to fupply the Garrifon, and 1730- 
 to help fill the Casks which are daily brought 
 over from the Fort for that purpofe. Having 
 lain at Gillyfree all Night, the next Morning 
 I went and hired a Canoa to carry me to the 
 Ifland : The Canoa was very fmall, and juft 
 wide enough for a Man to fit down in. When 
 we were got a little Way from the Shore, the 
 Sea-Breeze blowing very frefh, we had like to 
 have overfet the Canoa, and it was with much 
 ado that I perfuaded the Black Fellows to 
 carry me to Shore again ; where, after being 
 about two Hours, 'the Governor's Boat came 
 over for me, with which I went to the Ifland. 
 
 O N the 24th, one of the Shallops, brought Shallops 
 over in Frames in the Difpatch Sloop, was ^fought 
 launched by the Name of the James Ifland, ^J^^ ^'^ 
 and 'Thomas Giimore our Serjeant was made 
 Mafter of her. 
 
 After we had dined, we went afhore to Seaca. 
 Si Domingo, and from thence to Seaca, about 
 two Miles above it, on the fame Side the 
 River, a very fmall Town, inhabited by Por- 
 tuguefe, who have a Church, feldorn made ufc 
 of, the Prieft being there but twice in a Year : 
 This, and Tancrowall, and Geregia, being the 
 only Places he frequents whilfl in this Coun- 
 try, unlefs it be a Vifit now and then to the 
 Governor of our Fort. At Seaca is a large Large 
 Cotton-Tree about thirty Yards in Circum- Cottoa- 
 ference •, it grows out in Spurs, and that makes '^^'^^' 
 it feem fo very large, being meafured in and 
 out all round its Spurs to make thirty Yards, 
 for if the outfide Circumference of the Tre? 
 were meafured it would not be above fifteen. 
 E 4 On
 
 s6 
 
 1730. 
 
 Separate 
 
 Trader 
 
 arrives. 
 
 Captain 
 feized by 
 the Na- 
 tives. 
 
 "January. 
 Tornatlo. 
 
 T R AV ELS into the 
 
 \ On the 31ft, early in the Morning, we 
 faw a Veflel coming up the River : When 
 Ihc was over-againft Alhreda^ the Governor 
 ordered a Shot to be fired to bring her to. 
 Upon which fhe immediately lowered her Sails, 
 but did not think fit to come to an Anchor, 
 till fhe had run upon the Company's Sp\t of 
 Sand and Rocks, which runs out from the 
 inand, where fhe ftruck : Upon which the 
 Governor ordered our Enfign to go on Board 
 her, and bring her into the right Channel ; 
 during which Time fhe fent her Boat with one 
 of the Mates to tell the Governor, that (he 
 was the Brigantine John and Anne-, Capt. T^ho- 
 mas Stoneham^ a feparate Trader fro.m London. 
 In the Evening fhe came to anchor on the 
 North Side of the Ifland, and fUuted the Fort i 
 and in about three Days time the Captain 
 went afhore to Gillyfreey and was there feized 
 by the Natives, for anchoring at the Port of 
 CUlyfree^ and not paying his Cuftoms to the 
 King o^ Bar rah ; he immediately fent over 
 Word of his being confined, upon which 
 the Governor fent our Enfign over to his 
 AfTiftance ; and upon Promife of his paying 
 the King's Cuftom of One hundred and twen- 
 ty Bars Country-Money, next Day he was 
 permitted to go on board his VefTel, and on 
 the Day following he paid the faid Sum. 7 
 
 On the 3d, early in the Morning, we had 
 a Tornado of Wind and Lightning. After 
 which, our third Chief, Mr Thomas llarrifon^ 
 came down in the Difpatch Sloop from Tan- 
 crowall. After Dinner Mr A>rr our Enfign, 
 and myfelf, with two or three Soldiers, 
 went to try the James IJland Sloop, which 
 
 was
 
 Inland Tarts of A¥ RICA, 57 
 
 was launched about ten Days go : We went 173 '• 
 about nine Miles above the Idand, and meet- 
 ing with a very frefh Sea-Breeze, and our 
 Rigging out of Order, and the Man at the 
 Helm none of the experteft, we had like to 
 have loft both VefTel and Selves ; Hie having A great 
 no Deck, and the Gunnel lying under Water, ^''"S^''- 
 occafioned our Ballaft, which was fix Barrels 
 of Water, to rowl all to Leeward, and fright- 
 en us very much, expeding fhe would have 
 filled before (he righted ; but (thank God) 
 we got her upright, and got fafe back to the 
 Fort by eight ol- the Clock at Night. This 
 Day there was a young Elephant brought a- 
 live as a Prefent to the Governor •, and Ad- 
 vice brought from Joar of the Death of Mr ^°''^^^ 
 T • r dies 
 
 Robert Forbes, Writer, after a fhort Illnefs 
 contrafted by hard Drinking. 
 
 On the 10th, Capt. Sloneham, with the Ship fails 
 John and Jnne Brigantine, failed for the Cape '°^ ^-^t"' 
 de Verde Iflands, for Salt ro trade with in this S^^^'^j ^ 
 River. After Dinner the Governor and myfelf 
 went on Board a large French Ship d^zAlbreda, 
 call'd Le St Michael, Capt. Tredilliac Com- 
 mander ', where having ftay'd about two Hours 
 we went afhore, and fupped at Albreda, and 
 about Midnight we returned to Jaines Fort. 
 
 ALBE.EDA is a pretty large Town nea.r j/ireJa 
 the River-Side on the North, about a Mile defcribed. 
 or two below James Fort, near which the 
 French Eafi-India Company have a Settlement 
 confifting of a Facflor, two Writers, and four ^''^o'^'^^ 
 or five other White Men. They have two there?*^^ 
 or three very handfome Houfes built of Clay, 
 like unco the Portugueje Houfes, with Walls 
 
 abouc
 
 S% TRAVELS hito the 
 
 '73 1 • about ten Feet high, covered with Thatch, 
 being fupported by rtrong Forkillas, and a 
 Space left between the Walls and the Roof to 
 let in the Air : They are very neat and well 
 furnilTi'd, and drive a confiderable Trade, but 
 are much hinder'd by the Englijh not allowing 
 them to give above torty Barrs per Head for 
 Slaves: But in the Year 173^, there being 
 great Demand forSlaves at the Mtjfifippi, where 
 the French Gentlemen themfelves informed me 
 they fend their Slaves, they broke thro* that 
 Agreement, and gave fifty Barrs per Head 
 for Slaves, with feven of each of the Heads 
 Rival the of the Goods, which amounted to more than 
 Englijh in Xen Pounds Sterling; their Goods being bet- 
 Trade^^^ ter in their kind than our EngliJJj generally 
 are, was the reafon of their purchafing a greac 
 many Slaves in that Year, notwithftanding 
 there were no lefs than three Liverpool VeiTels 
 trading about a Mile above the French^ at 
 the Port of Gillyfree, who gave Seventy or 
 Eighty B3.rrs per Head, and yet were not able 
 to purchafe near the Number of Slaves which 
 Ccntraa ^^g Frejich did. In the Year 1724 there was 
 them'^'^" a Contrad: made between the French Agents 
 at Goree and the EngUJJj at James Fort, that 
 the French fhould fettle a Faftory in the Ri- 
 ver Gambia below James Fort, in order to 
 make what Trade they could ; and akho' the 
 EngliJJj Company's Stock was then at the low- 
 ed Ebb, and not that only, but it is very 
 probable that the French were refolved to fet- 
 tle there, either with or without Leave, yet 
 is it to be obferved, that the Royal African 
 Company, in lieu of the French having a fm- 
 gle Settlement in Gambia, obtained Leave for 
 to fend VefTels when they pleas'd, to trade 
 
 both
 
 Inland Tarts of AV RIC A. jp 
 
 t>oth at Joallydnd Porlodally, two Places near »73i- 
 Goree, which produce great Trade, and v/hich 
 the French are at a great deal of Pains, as 
 well as Coft, to engrols to themfelves : By 
 which means, notwithflanding the Articles, our 
 Voyages there often milcarry. 
 
 This Faftory of theirs at Alhreda is not French 
 v/ichin reach of our Cannon : Whenever they controU'd 
 want to go up the River above Jamei Fort for ^>' ^^^ 
 Wood, or any thing elfe which they cannot fo "^'''^^' 
 well be provided with below, they are obliged 
 to ask Leave of our Governor, who feldom 
 or never denies them, but puts a Man on 
 Board to fee that they do not make any 
 Trade ; neither are they allowed to go above 
 Elephants Ijland^ which is about thirty Leagues 
 above James Fort. 
 
 •On the nth, in the Evening, we faw two TwoShips 
 large VefTels coming up from Sea i about Se- ^'P^'e. one 
 ven at Night one of them fired two Guns, ^Jitfj'sob 
 being a Signal known by the Governor only, diers, 
 who order'd the Gunner to return one. About 
 an Hour after came up the Ship Elvzahcd\ 
 Captain John Carnithers^ a feparate Trader, 
 and anchor'd near the Ifland, having brouc^ht 
 over ten Soldiers from the Company for this 
 Garrifon. Early the next Morning came up 
 the Ship Herbert^ Captain Plater Onley^ who 
 anchored at Gilljfree. And the next Day 
 came up a VelTel and anchored at the Fort, 
 but could not falute it by reafon of her being 
 loaded with Horfes from Cape dc Verde IJlands. 
 She was the Ruby Brigantine, Captains Creague 
 ;and Col'well. 
 
 On 
 
 >-
 
 6o 
 
 TRAVELS into the 
 
 1731. 
 
 Separate 
 Trader 
 runs on 
 the Spit. 
 
 Get off. 
 
 Bonetta 
 arrives. 
 
 O N the 25th, came up a Ship call'd the 
 U'^illiam and ^f/Zv, Captain IVhitloe from Li- 
 verpool^ a feparace Trader; who, not being 
 us'd to the River, ran upon the Company's 
 Spit of Sand : Upon which, the Governor 
 fent three Boats full of Hands to her AfTift- 
 ancc -, but it being Tide of Ebb, they could 
 not get her off till the next Morning, at which 
 time they got her afloat ; the Ship receiv'd 
 no Damage, the Company's Hands ftaying 
 on Board her all Night. The Elizabeth^ 
 Captain Carruthersy failM up the River for 
 joar to trade. 
 
 On the 31ft, the Ruby Brigantine fail'd 
 up the River. At Noon we faw a VefTel 
 coming up the River, which proved to be 
 the Company's Ship Bonetta^ Captain James 
 LivingfJone^ with a large Cargo, which we 
 had a long while expelled. By this Ship 
 came over feverai Perfons in the Company's 
 ^Service. 
 
 fchruary. O N the 3d of February the Fame Sloop 
 Tame came down from Tamyamacunda., with Mr 
 wJLT ^^^^^^^"^ IV'dfon, a Writer, on Board from 
 tunda""^ thence. And in three Days after that, our 
 
 third Chief Mr Thomas Harrifon^ and Mr 
 irjMch y^^^^ Nind Fad:or, embarked on Board the 
 <'cH.-s up to Difpatch Sloop, Robert Hall Commander, on 
 Fatattjtda. a Trading Voyage to Fatnteiida^ almoll two; 
 
 hundred Leagues above James Fort, where 
 
 the Company intend fhortly to fettle a 
 
 Factory. 
 
 On
 
 Inland Tarts (?/ A F R I C A. 6t: 
 
 On the loth, came up to anchor at the 1731- 
 Fort, the Company's Snow Succefs, Robert „ ^ 
 Cummins Commander. She was confign'd to snow' 
 Cape Coa§f Caftle, but fpringing a Leak at 
 Sea fhe thought proper to put in here to flop 
 it. The next Morning we faw a Veflel com- 
 ing up the River, about Noon •, being but a 
 little below the Fort, flie fent her Boat to ac- 
 quaint us that file was a feparate Trader, the 
 Arabella^ Capt. Pyke^ from London -, after Arabella 
 which he came to Anchor over-againll Gillj- "o^Loftd, 
 free, and the next Evening failed up the Ri- 
 ver for Joar. 
 
 O N the I /^th, about One in the Morning, 
 died Mr William Rujllng, a Writer, having ^^'^^'^^^• 
 been ill about two Months. Some few Days ^\^^l"^ 
 before he died, he defir'd, that whenever he 
 fhould die, I would fee that his Grave was 
 dug fix Foot deep, for Fear of the Wolves 
 eating him. In the Morning the Flag was 
 hoifted half-maft up, and in the Evening he 
 was buried at Gillyfree^ in a Grave according 
 as he defired. He loft his Life by not being Caufe of 
 ruled by the Dodor, who advifed him to ^" ^^^'^■' 
 flay more at home, and keep himfelf warm. 
 The next Day the Governor, Capt. Living- 
 Jlone, Cape. Jenkins^ and myfelf, went on board 
 the Succefsy Capt. Cinmnins^ to accompany 
 him down to the River*s Mouth, the Adven- 
 ture Sloop going down with us, to bring us 
 back again. Before we weighed Anchor, the 
 John and Anne, Capt. Stonehajn^ arriv'd from 
 the Cape de F^r^^iflands, whither he went the ^"^Z^^ot 
 tenth of January laft. He faluted our Flag Cape de 
 at Maintopmaft Head, with five Guns, and Verde. 
 the Fort returned the fame Number. We 
 
 can^
 
 6a TRAVELS into the 
 
 1731. came to Anchor abouc Eight at Night, a 
 little below Charles ip.and^ and the next 
 Morning we went afhore at Banyon Pointy 
 in the King-:om of Ciimho^ to buy ibme Cat- 
 tle and Fovvis ior Capt. Cummins^ after which 
 we dined on board him, and then parted. 
 About Sunfct we ran upon the Rocks a- 
 breaft of Charles Ijlojid^ being one Moment 
 in four Fathom and half, and the next Mo- 
 A Mif- ment fall upon the Rocks. We carried out 
 fortune, our Anchors, and in an Hour's Time hove 
 her off, but foon after ran upon another and 
 woifc Place, fo that all Hands were obliged 
 to work, nor was the Governor himfelf ex- 
 cepted, for he help'd me in taking up the 
 Floor of the Cabbin, and throwing over- 
 board about a Ton of Ballafl. At Midnight 
 Remedied. ^^ g^^ j^^j. afloat, and free from the Rocks, ' 
 and went to Anchor farther off the lOand, 
 till next Morning, when we went a fliooting 
 Wild-Fowl upon the Ifland, where I found a 
 Cherry-Trcc, fcarce in this Country, the Fruit 
 Cherr)'- ^yhefeof was not ripe ; tlie Tree and Leaves 
 found. much refemble ours, and is about the fame 
 Bignefs. Ac Noon we weighed Anchor, and 
 as we paffed by Albreda the French Chief fa- 
 luted the Flag at our Topmaft-head with 
 " nine Chambers, to which we returned {^ytn 
 Guns, being all we had on board •, foon after 
 wc came to Janics Fort. 
 
 On the 19th, in the Morning, came up to- 
 yllbrcda^ a Brigantinc with a white F'lag at 
 the Topmafl-head, having on board the French 
 Ijeneral of Senegall, Monfieur Levans \ fhe 
 falutcd our Fort with flven Guns, which re- 
 turned the fame Number. I'he fame Even- 
 ing
 
 Inland Tarts <?/ A F R I C A. 6^ 
 
 ing the Ship Kent, Capt. Francis Wheeler, 173'- 
 from the Gald Coafl, arrived, and anchored at 
 James Fort, in order to take in fome Boys 
 and Girls, which he had contrafted for ot our 
 chief Merchants. Another Shallop, which 
 was brought over in Frames, by the Dtfpatch 
 Sloop, from England, was launched this 
 Evening, by the Name of the Gambia ; and shaTlop 
 our Corporal, William Child, was made launched. 
 Mafter of her. The next Morning the French 
 General, and feveral other French Gentlemen, 
 came and dined with our Governor, who fa- 
 luted them with a great many Guns, and 
 treated them with a very handfome Dinner. 
 The fame Evening the John and Anne Bri- 
 gantine, Capt. Stoneham, failed up the River. 
 And the next Day theGovernor,feveral others, 
 and myfelf, went to vifit the French General, 
 at Alhreda, where we were very merry, and 
 flayed till Midnight. 
 
 O N the 2 2d, tlie Riib'^, Capts Creague and 
 Colwell, came down to the Fort, having fold 
 all their Horfes, which, as I faid before, they 
 brought from the Cape de Verde Iflands. The 
 Generality of Horfes in this River, are brought ^r r 
 from the Borders of Barbary •, but as the 
 Grand Jolloiffs are nearelt them, they buy 
 them up, and reap an Advantage, by felling 
 them to the Mundingoes and Mahometans. 
 They never fell Mares, fo that all the Time 
 I was in Gambia I fiw no more than one 
 Mare, and fhc was brought in this Veffel, by 
 Capts Creague and Colwell, from Cape de 
 Verde Iflands. The fame Day one of the 
 Emperors of Fonia came to the Fort, beino- ^i"?^''?'^ 
 faluted with five Guns, on his Landing. Hisyjf^^ ^^^ 
 
 Name Governor.
 
 64 TRAVELS into the 
 
 1731- Name is TaffcU 'ind came to fee the Governor, 
 or rather to afk for fome Powder and Ball, 
 in order to defend himfelf againft fome Peo- 
 ple with whom he is at War -, he is a young 
 Man, very black, tall, and well {^x.\ he was 
 
 HisDrefs. drefs'd in a Pair of fhort yellow Cotton 
 Cloth Breeches, which came down to his 
 Knees, and a Garment on his Back, of the 
 fame Cloth, made like a Surplice i he had no 
 Shoes nor Stockings, but a very large Cap, 
 with Part ot a white Goat's Tail fallen'd in 
 it, being a great Falhion among the Great 
 Men of this River. He and his Retinue 
 came in a large Canoa, holding about fixteen 
 People, all armed with Guns and Cutlafles ; 
 with him came two or three Women, and the 
 
 ^u»Jir,go f^^^^ Number of Miirjdi?2go Drums, which are 
 about a Yard long, and a Foot, or twenty 
 Inches diameter at the Top, but lefs at the 
 Bottom, made out of a folid Piece of Wood, 
 and covered, only at the wideft End, with 
 
 j^f^j^jjgj.^jfthe Skin of a Kid. They beat upon them 
 
 beating. ^^^^ only one Stick, and their left Hand, 
 to which the Women will dance very brifkly ; 
 they ftayed here all Night, and then went 
 home, having nine Guns fir*d at their 
 going off. 
 
 On the 28th, the Ruby Brigantine, Capts 
 Crengue and Colwell^ failed for the Go/^ Coaft, 
 intending to be here again ntxi/lugufi. But, 
 poor Men, they had. the Misfortune to be 
 cut off by the Natives 'down the Coaft. Col- 
 
 S/zS^ii'd ^'^^^ ^"^ ^^^ °^ ^'^^ Sailors were killed, but 
 
 ■ Creague faved himfeU in his Boat, with the 
 
 Help of his black Boy, out of the Cabbin 
 
 Win-
 
 inland 9 arts ^/AFRICA. ^5 
 
 Window, being fo ilJ, it is faid, that he »73'« 
 could not get out himfelf. 
 
 On the %\h.oi March ^ two Porcupines were ^^'«^^^' 
 brought alive to the Governor. Soon after, 
 Mr Henr'j Johnfon, a Writer, was fent up to 
 Colar, to fettle a Fadlory, chiefly for dry 
 Goods, njiz. Elephants Teeth, Bees-wax, and 
 Gum ; but the Company having the Misfor- 
 tune to have Perfons there who traded more C^'^^'^^'Fac-' 
 for themfelves than their Mafters, they were ^^^J" ^^^^^ 
 at a great Charge to no Purpofe, and fo in 
 the Year 1733, they thought proper to break and with- 
 it up, fince which they have had no Settle- drawn, 
 ment there. 
 
 On the 17th, the Company's Sloop, Fa?ne, 
 John Boys Mafter, failed for Cohone, in Bar- Cohonel 
 /ally^ on a trading Voyage, which lies in the 
 fame Kingdom as the Company's chief Fac- 
 tory at Joar, about a hundred Miles from it, 
 and near the Sea. There the King commonly 
 refides; and as there is good Profit to bep|^^^'"6'* 
 made for the Company by thefe Voyages, j^^^Jence. 
 provided their Supercargoes are honeft, they 
 generally fend two or three Times in a 
 Year. Whenever the King of Bar/ally wants 
 Goods or Brandy, he fends a Meffenger to 
 our Governor, at Jafnes Fort, to defire he 
 would fend a Sloop there with a Cargo -, this 
 News being not at all unwelcome, the Go- 
 vernor fends accordingly. Againft the Arri- 
 val of the faid Sloop, the King goes and ran- gj^^j.^ ^^^ 
 facks fome of his Enemies Towns, feizing count of 
 the People, and felling them for fuch Com- him. 
 modities as he is in want of, which com- 
 monly is Brandy or Rum, Gunpowder, Ball, 
 F Guns, •
 
 ,65 TRAVELS into the 
 
 1731. Guns, Piftols, and Cutlafles, for his Atten- 
 dants and Soldiers ; and Coral and Silver for 
 rr ffi^k ^^^^ VVives and Concubines. In cafe he is not 
 at War with any neighbouring King, he then 
 and get- falls upon one of his own Towns, which are 
 tiogSlaves. numerous, and ufes them in the very fame 
 Manner. 31 After the Fame Sloop had been 
 gone, about five Days, (lie came back to the 
 Fort, having loft three Anchors, and nar- 
 -t.-'-.J^uO rowly efcaped being loft herfelf, in trying to 
 FrtwSk)op gQ . Q^,gj. j.j^g gj^^ which is at the Mouth of 
 
 ^^^^ ' the River Joally, on her Way to Cohone-y 
 the Smith immediately fet to work and re- 
 fitted her^ and on the Morrow fhe fee out 
 again on her Voyage. 
 
 'T\itBonet- On the 29th, the Company's Ship Boneltci 
 ta goes failed on a trading Voyage down to Sierra 
 
 to uade ^^^^ Mr Thomas Burfey, a Writer, in joint 
 Commiflion with Capt. Livingfloney who com- 
 manded the fa id Ship. 
 
 O N the 4th came up the Company's Sloop 
 yUvdjititre from Cutcheo^ with about eight 
 Tons and hah of Bees- Wax. Cutcheo is a 
 Stttlement belonging to the King of Portu- 
 gaU lying about 20 Leagues to the Southward 
 of the Mouth of this River, and about three 
 Days Travel over Land from Gcregia, where 
 we liave a Fa«ftory, v/ho trade much for Wax 
 - brought from thence : We alfo make often 
 Voyages by Water ; but the former I take to 
 be the moft profitable to the Company, and 
 yet even by that they arc no great Gainers, 
 the Wax being lb very foul, that fometimes 
 there will be Twenty or Thkiy per Cent. Lofs 
 
 upon
 
 Inland "Parts <?/ A F R I C A. ^y 
 
 upon it. The Ship Kent^ Captain Francis \iii. 
 JVheelcr^ failed for Lisbon^ with a Cargo of 
 young Slaves, In the Afternoon I went over to Defcripti- 
 Giliyfree in the Kingdom of Barrah, a little °^^^ ^'^' 
 below ya??ies Fort, a large Town near the ^ ^^' 
 River, inhabited by Vortiiguefe^ Mundingoes, 
 and fome Mahometans^ who have here a pretty 
 little Mofque to pray. In. . This Town is ufed 
 to fupply all private Shipping with Linguifters ; 
 but the King of Barrah^ in, the Year 1733, 
 made it no lefs than Slavery for any of his 
 Subjeds to ferve as Linguifters on Board of 
 any Veflels, but what pay his Cuftoms, and 
 trade in his Country. The Company have a 
 Fa(5tory here pleafantly fituated, facing the 
 Fort, and likewife fome Gardens, which fup- 
 ply the Fort. About the Town is fine Shoot- Fine 
 ing, and were it not fomewhat too Sandy, Shooting, 
 it would bepleafant walking. Here are great 
 Numbers Of Plantain and Banana Trees, the J^^"*"* 
 latter of which is a long t ruit, fix or ^tvtn 
 Inches in Length, covered with a yellow and 
 tender Skin, when ripe : The Pulp of it is 
 foft as a Marmalade, and of a very good 
 Tafte: It grows on a Stalk about fix Yards 
 high, and the Leaves are two Yards long, 
 and about a Foot wide. One Stalk bears on- 
 ly one fingle Clufter or Bunch, which per- 
 haps may confift of forty or fifty Bananas ; 
 and when the Bunch is gather d, they cut off 
 the Stalk, otherwife it could not bring forth 
 any more Fruit. The Plantain is not much Plantaia 
 unlike the Banana, but fomewhat longer, and '^'■^^• 
 very much of the fame Tafte. There are alfo 
 Guavas, which refemble our Peaches, only Guavas, 
 the Outfide is much rougher, and there is no 
 Stone in the Infide, but Kernels lefs than thofe 
 F 2 of
 
 (58 TRAVELS into the 
 
 1 73 1, of Apples. This is reckon'd an excellent 
 
 Or n e$ Medicine againft the Flux. Here are a great 
 
 and"^^* many Orange-Trees and Lime-Trees, with 
 
 Limes. the Produce of which the Fort is fuppiied to 
 
 make Punch, ^c. 
 
 Here are alfo other Fruits, fuch as Phy- 
 Phvfical fical Nuts and Tabacombas •, the firft are 
 Nuts, and Nuts, which contain three or four fmall Ker- 
 Tabacom- | ^^^ ^^ ^^^ ^f which is a Purging-Dofe, 
 bas Fruits. , ' • n 
 
 but they are apt to vomit as well as purge ; 
 
 thefe are frequently ufed by the Natives. The 
 Tabacomba is almoft like a Bon-Chretien Pear, 
 the Rind not unlike that of a Pomegranate ; 
 when it is ripe it opens of itfelf, and contains 
 four or five Fruits, fmall, and of a reddifli 
 Colour, with large Stones, and very infipid. 
 
 Here I faw a Number of Pelicans, which 
 Pelican ^^ ^ ^'^^^ ^^ large as a Gcofe, and much the 
 fame Colour ; its Bill is very long ; under the 
 lower Part of it is a Bag, fome of which will 
 contain two Gallons of Water, when well 
 ftretch'd. They live upon Fil"h, and there- 
 fore are commonly n,ear the Rivers. 
 
 A Native carried me to his Houfe, and 
 fhewed me a vail Number of Arrows, which 
 were daubed over with a black Mixture, faid 
 Poifon'J ^° ^^ ^^ ^^^^ ^^"^ Poifon, that if the Arrow 
 Arrows, ^i^ but draw Blood it would be mortal, un- 
 lefs the Perfon who made the Mixture had 
 a mind to cure it, in whofe Power it only 
 was to do it •, for he faid there were no poifon- 
 ous Herbs, but what there are others which 
 would cxpcll them. 
 
 On the nth, in the Evening, feeing a 
 Vefil'l coming up the River, wc fired a Shot 
 10 bring her to •, upon which fhe fent her Boat 
 
 to
 
 Inland 'Tarts of AFRICA. (^9 
 
 to acquaint the Governor that fhe was a fepa- 
 rate Trader, call'd the Snow M<^r}', Captain 
 Gordojt^ from Glafgow^ but laft from Barha- 
 does with Rum and Sugars. Sure never was 
 a Veflers Arrival more welcome than this was 
 to our common Gentry, who were afraid they 
 would have been obliged to be without Liquor g "^ ^^^ 
 all the Rains, but now their Fears were over, j-ive op-'^" 
 Soon after came down the Arabella^ Captain portunely. 
 Pyke^, a feparate Trader, from Joar^ loaded 
 with Slaves -, and having ftayM a Day or two 
 at James Fort, fail'd for Maryland^ having 
 among his Compliment of Slaves one Man 
 call'd Job Ben Solomon^ of the Pholey Race, 
 and Son to the High-Fried of Bu?ido in Foota, 
 a Place about ten Days Journey from Gillyfree; 
 who was travelling on the South Side of this 7«^ ^en 
 River, with a Servant, and about twenty or ^^°^"'^"l^' 
 thirty Head of Cattle, which induced a King foj^j^ 
 of a Country a little Way inland, between 
 Tancroivall and Tamina, not only to feize his 
 Cattle, but alfo his Perfon and Man, and fold 
 them both to Captain Pyke^ as he was trading 
 at Joar. He would have been redeemed by 
 the Pboieys, but was carried out of the River 
 before they had Notice of his being a Slave, 
 The fame Day the Elizabeth, Capt. Carrtithersy 
 came down from Joar with his Compliment 
 of Slaves. 
 
 On the i8th, in the Morning, x.\\tJohn and 
 Anne Brigantine, Captain Stoneham^ a feparate 
 Trader, came down the River with moft of 
 his Men fick. The fime Morning the Gover- 
 nor, Mr Tonnger Nelme^ and my felf, went on 
 Board the Mary, and breakfafted with Cap- 
 tain Gordon-, from thence we went, according 
 F 3 to
 
 70 
 
 French 
 General's 
 grand En 
 tertain- 
 
 ment. 
 
 T R AV EL S into the 
 
 to Appointment, and dined at Alhreda^ with 
 the French General, having for Dinner no lefs 
 than Seventy three Difhes, and at Supper more 
 than half that Number ; during which time 
 the Facftory and Shipping fired above two 
 hundred Guns. The next Day the Maryy 
 Captain Gordon^ failed for the Coaft ; as did 
 likcwife the Sierra Leone, Captain Jenkins, for 
 South Carolina ; which lall arrived here before 
 I came, and delivered his Cargo to the Go- 
 vernor and Chief Merchants, for which they 
 paid One hundred and eighty Slaves. In the 
 Evening the Wife of our Serjeant Mr Gilmor^ 
 was brought to Bed of a Girl ; they both did 
 well, notwithitanding the Opinion of a great 
 many People in England, who think it mo- 
 rally impoiTible for a White Woman to live 
 in this Country, and bear Children. 
 
 TrenchGt- On the 20th, the General came to the 
 neral goes fort to take his Leave of the Governor. On 
 toStJago. j^jg Landing, the Governor fdluted him with 
 thirteen Guns, a great Number whilft here, 
 and thirteen more at Midnight when he went 
 away. The next Day after he embarked on 
 Board the Duke de Bourbon for 6"/ Jago, and 
 faluted the Fort with thirteen Guns, which 
 returned the flime Number- 
 
 A White 
 
 Woman 
 
 delivei'd. 
 
 Di/patcb On the 24th, the Company's Sloop Dif- 
 Sloop patch came down from Fatatenda^ witii Mr 
 downfrom HarrifoH Chief Merchant, and Mr John Nind 
 fataunda. i^^aor, wiio wcnt up from hence the 6th of 
 February lafl. 
 
 Jifay. On the id of May, the John and Anne, 
 
 Curiam St onebam J, h'lkd tor Sierra Z^eofte, the 
 
 Crew
 
 Inland Tarts <?/ AFRICA. 71 
 
 Crew being in very indifferent Health. About .1731- 
 two Days afterwards che Herbert, Captain 
 Onley, failed for Virginia or Maryland ; as did 
 alfo the Day after the IVilliafn and Betty, 
 Captain Whitloe, for the Wefl-Indies. 
 
 On the 15th, the Adventure Sloop fail'd Rain» t^'c 
 up for Tamyamacimda, froni whence fhe took J'"^ ■'■. ^^^ 
 Mr James Conner on Board her as Super- ^./^^^ ■ 
 Cargo to Fatatcnda on a Trading-Voyage. 
 About Dayrlight we had a very fmart Shower 
 of Rain, the firft I had ktn fince my 
 Arrival in this Country. In the Evening 
 came up a Long-Boat belonging to his Maje- Man of 
 fly's Ship the Pearl, Captain Lee Commander, War's 
 who lay at the River's Mouth •, and, accord- Long Boat 
 ing to form, lent to our Governor to know ^"J^J^ 
 if there were any Pyrates in the River, or 
 thereabouts. The next Day the Company's Guinea 
 Snow, Guinea Pacquet, Captain Martin^ came Pecquet 
 up to James Fort, from a Trading- Voyage f-ro^"^]^^ 
 down the Coaft. We had expeded her two Coaft, 
 Months pad, but the reafon of her Stay was 
 occafion'd by her being obliged to turn to 
 Windward all the Way back from the Coaft. 
 The Greyhound Galley, Captain Ramfay, from 
 England, a feparate Trader, came up in the 
 Evening, and anchor'd near the Fort. 
 
 On the 19th, we had for the firft Time a Tomado. 
 Tornado of Thunder and Lightning, Wind 
 and Rain. 
 
 O N the 2 2d, the Elizabeth, Captain Car- A feparate 
 ruthers^ a feparate Trader, loaded with Slaves, J'^a-^- 
 failed for South \Carolina. The Fame Sloop tTCulm"''^ 
 returned from the Kine; of BarfallVs Town f^omCohone 
 
 f 4 cohm,, '"""^'"y-
 
 71 TRAVELS into the 
 
 «73'' Cohone^ having made a tolerable Voyage ; fhe 
 dire(ftly unloaded, and putting on Board a 
 Cargo for Joar Fadory, fhc proceeded im- 
 mediately up thither, and from thence to 
 Tamyamacunda, in order to bring down all 
 the Dry Goods from each Fa(5tory, to fend 
 Home by the Guinea Pacquer, which will go 
 very foon for England. The next Evening 
 OurSmith our Smith, James Collins^ being drunk, fired 
 attemptsto ^ Mufquet at our Enfign's Head, which very 
 Enfign. narrowly mifs*d two others, and the Ball was 
 very near going into the Publick- Room Win- 
 dow, where the Governor was fitting with a 
 great many Gentlemen : He was well fecured 
 in Irons, and put into the Slave-Houfe. 
 
 June, O N the 4th of June^ the Sea- Nymph Sloop 
 came down from Geregia^ with Mr JVtlliam 
 Roberts^ the Company's Faflor there, and a 
 good Quantity of Cotton and Bees-Wax. The 
 SeaNymph Captain faid, that whilft the Sloop lay at an- 
 Sloop lofes chor at Geregia, flie had her Topmafl: fplit 
 jnaft, Tnd ^° P^^ces by the Lightning, and ten Fowls 
 isfet'on kill'd in the Coop upon Deck, and her Fore- 
 Fire by caflle fet on fire, but very foon extinguifh'd. 
 Lignt- As it happen'd no Body was upon Deck, be- 
 "*"^* ing jufl before drove off by a fmart Shower 
 of Rain : But, what was moft remarkable^ 
 tho' the Bones of the Fowls which were kill'd 
 by the Lightning were broke all to pieces, 
 yet their Skins were neither torn nor crack'd. 
 
 This Day two Jolloiff People came to 
 the Idand with fome Cloths to fell. The 
 JoUoiffs make the fined Kind of Cotton- 
 Cloths, and that in large Quantities : Their . 
 Pieces are generally twenty fcvcn Yards long, 
 
 and
 
 Inland Tarts of AFRICA, 73 
 
 and never above 9 Inches wide; they cut them '73^- 
 to what Length they pleafc, and few them 7^^^^^^ 
 together very neatly, to make them ferve the in manu! v/ 
 Ufe of broader Cloths. They clean the Cot- faduring ' 
 ton from the Seed by Hand, and fpin it by Cotton. 
 Hand with Spindle and Diftaff, they weave 
 them with a Shuttle and a Loom of very 
 plain, coarfe Workmanfliip. They make 
 them up into Pairs, one about three Yards 
 long, and one and half wide, to cover their 
 Shoulders and Body ; the other almoft of the 
 fame Width, and but two Yards long, to 
 cover from their Waift, and downwards. Such 
 a Pair is the Clothing either for a Man, or a 
 Woman ; they only differing in their Manner 
 of Wearing. I have feen a Pair of Cloths 
 fo fine, and fo bright dyed, as to be worth 
 Thirty Shillings Sterling. Their Colours are 
 either Blue or Yellow, fome very lively ; the 
 firft is dyed with Indico, the latter with Barks 
 of Trees, I never faw any of them Red. 
 
 On the i6th, our Smith James Collins, Onr Smith 
 who had fired at our Enfign as before men- ^^nt to 
 tion'd, was drummed out of the Company's ^"^ * 
 Service, with an Halter round his Neck, and 
 afterwards fent on Board the Guinea Pacquet, 
 in which he took his PafTage for EngLi/id ; fhe 
 having this Evening broke ground, and fallen 
 a little Way down the River. The next Day 
 the Governor and Mrs Davis went in her to 
 accompany our Second Chief, Capt. Stibbs, 
 as far as the River's Mouth: He went home 
 on account of his ill State of Health. The 
 Fame Sloop came down the River, and pro- 
 ceeded along with the Guinea Pacquet, in order 
 to bring back the Governor and Mrs Davis. 
 
 On
 
 7-4 TRKY ^l.S into the 
 
 1 73 1. On the 26th, Mr IViUiain Roberts^ late 
 Factor at Geregia^ fet out for Joar^ and with 
 him took Mr John Harrifon as Jiis AfTillant i 
 Mr Thomas Saxby, the prefent Fador there, 
 being order'd down to the Fort, on account 
 of leveral Extravagancies by him there com- 
 mitted. 
 
 Author O N the 29th, about Noon, the Governor 
 
 goes to and I fet out for Fintain, where we arrived in 
 HntaiM. three Hours. It lies about fix Leagues from 
 
 "^tio^ o^r y^^n^^ ^^^^^ '■> ^^^^ ^^^^ °^ ^^^ ^^^^y ^^ "P ^ 
 
 tbrjt Place. River of the fame Name. This Town belongs 
 to one of the Emperors of Fonia^ and is very 
 pleafantly fituated on the Side of a Hill, 
 clofe to the River. It is inhabited both by 
 Portuguefe and Mahometans -, the latter having 
 for their Devotions a handfome Mofque, with 
 an OJirkh's Egg at the Top on the Outfide. 
 It is noted for Plenty of Provifions •, a great 
 many of which are brought by the F/oops^ 
 who border on it. It alfo produces good Quan- 
 tities of Bees- Wax, to buy which the Com- 
 pany have here a Ihiall Fadory. Above the 
 Town is fine green Grafs, and fome Trees, 
 which make it very pleafanj;. 
 
 As foon as v;e came to Town, the Alcade, 
 and all the chief People, came to welcome us, 
 and foon after the Emperor arrived (in whofe 
 Dominions this Town lies). The common 
 Drc^^bof People were drefs'd with a Cloth round their 
 thd'coplc. ]yi|j(ji(.s^ which came down about their Knees, 
 anJ another Cloth over their right Shoulder, 
 (the Men having generally one Arm bare, 
 which the Women have not) and the Womens 
 Cloths come generally d^vn as low as th^ 
 
 fniAll
 
 Inland Tarts of AFRIC A, ' Js 
 
 fmall of their Legs. They are very proud i73?- 
 pf their Hair •, fome wear it in Tufts and 
 Bunches, and others cut it in Croffes quite 
 over their Heads : The Men commonly wear 
 Caps made of Cotton- Cloth, fome plain, and 
 fome with Feathers and Goats Tails. The 
 Women generally wear Handkerchiefs tied 
 round their Heads, leaving their Crowns bare, \a^V>^^ 
 
 and for want of Handkerchiefs they ufe Slips V.*'^ 
 
 of blue or white Cotton-Cloth. Others will ^^'^ 
 
 let their Hair hang down on each Side of 
 their Heads, plaited like Horfes Manes, on"^ 
 yvhich they ftring Coral, and for want of itQ 
 Pipe-beads. A great many of them (efpeci- 
 ally up the River) wear on the Crowns of 
 their Heads a good Number of fmall Horfe- 
 IBells -, which, when their Hair is plaited, and ■■ 
 they are in all their Finery, makes 'em look 
 not unlike the Fore-Horfe of a Country Far- 
 mer's Teani. 
 
 They are not very proud in the Furni- The Na- 
 ture of their Houfes ; for the moft that any "^es Hou- 
 pf them have is a fmall Ch^ft for Clothes, a ^-^i^/"'' 
 Mat raifed upon Sticks from the Ground to 
 Jye on, a Jarr ,to hold Water, a fmall Cala- 
 bafh to drink it with, two or three wooden 
 Mortars in which they pound their Corn and 
 Rice, a Basket or two to fift it in when beat, 
 and two or three large Calabalhes, out of 
 which they eat it with their Hands. They 
 are not very careful of laying up a Store a- 
 gainft a Time of Scarcity, but chufe rather ^ 
 to fell what they can, and in the Time of 
 Famine they can faft two or three Days with- 
 out eating, (which I myfelf know to be true, 
 there being a very great Famine in the Ye^r 
 "' ' ■ ■ ' * 1732, 
 
 .my.
 
 7^ 
 
 TRAVELS into the 
 
 1-31. 
 
 Pipes. 
 
 1732, efpecially high up the River, where I 
 then was) but then they are always fmoaking 
 Tobacco, which ferves to amufe 'em. This 
 Tobacco. Tobacco they raife themfelves : They fow it 
 as foon as they have cut their Corn : That 
 which grows near the River is very ftrong, 
 but a little Way from it, it is much weaker. 
 Their Pipes are made of Clay, very neat, and 
 of a reddifh Colour, the Stems are only a 
 Piece of Reed, or fmall Stick bored through 
 with an hot Iron Wyre, fome of which are fix 
 Foot long. After they are bored they polifh 
 them with rough Leaves till they are very 
 fmooth, white and handfome, and withal ve- 
 ry ftrong ; they fatten the Bowl and Stem 
 together with a Piece of red Leather, fome- 
 times with a fine Leather Taffel hanging to 
 it about the middle of the Stem •, and tho* 
 the End of the Reed goes into the Bowl of 
 the Pipe, it fits almoft as well as Pipes that 
 are made all in one ; they clean the Reeds, 
 when foul, by drawing long Straws thro* 
 them, and the earthen Bowls by fcraping 
 them with a fmall Knife. The Merchants 
 which travel much, carry with them Pipes 
 of a great Size, fome of them holding no lefs 
 than half a Pint : Thefe are their Travelling- 
 Pipes. 
 
 Tpwns. Their Towns are Numbers of Houfes 
 |iut5. built promifcuoufly together -, the Huts are 
 generally fourteen or fifteen Yards in Circum- 
 ference, built with Mud and binding Clay, 
 and CQver'd with long Grafs or Ciboa Leaves, 
 commonly call'd P<:?/w^//o: Their Doors are 
 very fmall, and don't go upon Hinges, but 
 are let into the Houfe-Wall. They generally 
 
 keep
 
 hland Tarts 0/ A F R I C A. 77 
 
 keep their Houl'es very clean •, but I cannot 1731. 
 fay fwecL, by reafon of their {linking Fifh, 
 and other things which they keep in them. 
 
 O N the 2d of July-t in the Afternoon, we y^^; 
 fet out from Vintain for Geregia ; when we Author 
 went to take Water, we were accompanied Z°^^ to 
 to the Boat by the Emperor, and almofl all ^^""^^'^^ 
 the Men in the whole Town. In the Even- 
 ing we reach'd Geregia *, where, during the 
 Time we ftay'd, I Ihot a wild Goofe, which 
 weigh'd twenty Pounds ; and likewife a long 
 green Snake about five Foot long, as he was 
 wrapt round a poor Lizard, endeavouring to 
 kill him. 
 
 On the 5th, being difappointed of Hor- Goes from 
 fcs to carry us over Land to Tancrowall^ we Geregia to 
 fet out in the Governor's Cutter : About Mid- ^'^''JJ'^' 
 night we reach'd Vintain, where we flopt till 
 Day- light, and then we fet out from it •, and 
 I obferv'd that at about two Miles Diftance the 
 Town look'd juft like a Parcel of Bee-Hives. 
 When we came to Vintain River's Mouth, 
 we met with the Tide of Flood, which car- 
 ry'd us up to ^ancrowaU, where we (laid a- 
 bout four Days ; and the Governor having Returns to 
 done his Bufinefs, we then fet out for James Jama 
 Fort, about Two a-Clock in the Afternoon. •^°^^' 
 By the Time we came to Seaca Point (which 
 is within fix Miles of the Iflandj it was quite 
 dark; but having continual Flafhes of Light- 
 ning, we could fee the Fort very plain. We 
 fteer'd by the Lightning till we were within 
 two Miles of the Fort, and then it ceafed : 
 We could fee no Land, it was exceflive dark, 
 a Tornado came upon us, and the Wind 
 
 blew
 
 ^a TRAVELS into thd 
 
 
 blew fo very hard, that we were obliged to take 
 down our Awning for fear of Overfetting ; 
 we would have come to a Grapling, but had 
 not Rope enough. The Thunder rattled dif- 
 mally, and the Rain wetted us foon to the 
 Near be- Skin. ..In this Condition we tumbled and tof- 
 ing Joil in |-^^l ^^ ^^ Mercy of the Waves for about an 
 a^;oina- ^.j^^jj. ^^^ \\2.\i^ the Tornado ftill continuing, 
 and the Sea running very high. At laft the 
 Lightning began again, and we faw fome 
 Tand, to which we rowed diredlly, and it 
 proved to be Seaca Point ; upon that we went 
 to the Fort, and got afhore •, and in going 
 from the River Side to the Town on a nar- 
 row Path between the Rice-Grounds, we got 
 feveral Slips, and it was fcldom that we were 
 both upon our Legs at once; however we got 
 fafe to the Governor's Houfe, and having a 
 good Fire made, we fhifted ourfelves, drank 
 large Drams of Cordial Waters, went to Bed, 
 flept three or four Hours, and then went over 
 Author ^° ^'^'-' i^^ri^^- -t was foon after taken ill of 
 is ill. a Fever. 
 
 O N the 19th, Mr Verman^ a Merchant of 
 Ciitchco-, came over Land to Geregia^ and from 
 thence by Water to the Fort, to vifit tha 
 Governor. 
 
 AugHp. O N' the 13th of Augujl,, a little Girl-Slav€ 
 ACjirlcar- belonging to our Governor, as Ihe was wafh- 
 iied away j^g |^£,-f(.jf ^p to her Knees in the River, was 
 Shark. taken away by a Shark. 
 
 'Ihe On the 15th, being Sunday, I was able 
 
 Author to read Prayers to thofe few People, who. 
 rccovws. could come into the Fublick Room, there 
 
 being
 
 Mand "Parts c/ A F R I C A. 735 
 
 being a great many very ill in their Beds, as 1733. 
 I had been for this Month pad, but was then 
 pretty well recover'd. 
 
 O N the 24th, the Governor and Mr Har- 
 rifon fent for me, and told me, that as they 
 were in Expectation of my being appointed 
 a Faftor by the next Advice from the Com- 
 pany, they had thought it proper to fend me 
 up to Joar in the mean Time, to learn the 
 Nature of the Trade, and the Temper of the 
 Natives, and order*d me to prepare myfelf 
 for the Voyage. 
 
 O N the 28th, about Ten at Night, I em- Author 
 bark'd on Board the Fame Sloop, John Boys go" ^P 
 Mafter, and proceeded up the River towards the River 
 Joar^ having receiv'd from the Governor and 
 Chief Merchants the following Orders. 
 
 Mr Francis Moore. 
 
 James Fort, Aug. 28, 1 73 1. 
 Sir, 
 
 YO U are, on Receipt hereof, to embark on His Oi-. 
 Board the Coinpanfs Sloop Fame, Capt. tiers. 
 John Boys, and proceed to Joar Faufory under 
 the Direoiion of Mr William Roberts, Fa^or^ 
 whom we have ordered to give you the heft Light 
 into the Nature of the Trader and every thing 
 elfe neceffary lo qualify you to take upon you the 
 Management of the Company's Affairs^ where 
 ' and whenever it Jhall he required of you. 
 
 Tou are therefore, upon your Arrival there, 
 to apply yourfelf to him ; aiid, fo hr:g as you 
 Jhall continue there, to aid and ajfijt him in 
 
 eve?'v
 
 ^o TRAVELS into the 
 
 1 73 1, ^ery thing that relates to the 7'radey and the 
 Companfs Affairs^ and efpecially to he on all 
 OccafioHs obedient to his Commands^ in order to 
 enable you to be the [ooner qualified as afore* 
 fa id. 
 
 7'ou are to advife us, from Time to Time, of 
 the Progrefs you ?nake, and give us a particular 
 y^ccount of your Remarks of the Traae, and a- 
 bove all, the Methods you fhall think beft to be 
 ufed to pleafe the Traders, and to encourage 
 them to trade -with the Company with the leafi 
 Expence. We ivifi:> you Healthy and are 
 
 Your Loving Friends, 
 
 Anthony Rogers^ 
 
 Tho. Harrison. 
 
 Septtmhcr. ^ ^ ^^^ Paflagc we met with a great many 
 hard I'ornados, which by their being very 
 formidable, obliged us to come often to An- 
 chor. About thirty Leagues from the Fort 
 we met the Greyhound Galley, Capt. Ramfay, 
 a feparate Trader, who had been lying at 
 Joar all the Rains, and not purchafed above 
 feventy five Slaves, and fome of them he was 
 obliged to take by Force, they being free 
 People, crofTing the River in a Canoa, whom 
 he took on Account of old Serin Donfo, a 
 noted Broker at Cower, near Joar, who hav- 
 ing had a great deal of Money from Capt. 
 Ramfay, on Promife of bringing him a great 
 deal ot Trade, and not being fo good as his 
 Word, he very juftly feized thefe People, and 
 the Natives hearing of it, obliged the old 
 
 Broker
 
 Inland Tarts (?f A F R I G A. 8i 
 
 Broker to redeem them, which he accord- 173 »* 
 ingly did. 
 
 This Ship having lofl; her Voyage, for want Obfervati- 
 of beinor able to flave foon, and beino- obliged ons on the 
 to lie, at gteat Expence and Hazards of r^\ 
 Men's Lives, all the wet Seafon, made me 
 think what great Advantage it might be both 
 to the ieparate Traders, and the Company, if 
 the great Mart of Exchange was to be at 
 James Fort: That is to fay, if the Company Advantage 
 kept a Stock of Slaves at the Fort, fuffici- °f ^^^'" 
 ent to furnilh any Ship immediately, with a j^^^^j.j_°^ 
 whole Cargo, which as foon as difpofed of, 
 they might be again fupplied from their Out- 
 Fadories. The feparate Trader would af- 
 ford to give a larger Price zi James Fort, than 
 he can up the River, for there is the Charges of 
 going up, the Uncertainty of getting theCargo, 
 and when he has fometimes got half a Cargo, he 
 may lie fome. Months before he can be able to 
 compleat it ;/ all the Time he lies there he runs 
 the Hazard of the Sicknefs and Rebellion of 
 thofe Slaves he already has, they being apter 
 to rife in a Harbour than when out at Sea ; 
 fince if they once get Mafters of a Ship, in 
 the River,' their iifcape to Shore is almoft 
 certain, by running the Ship aground ; but 
 at Sea it is otherwife, for if they fliould fur- 
 prize a Ship there, as they cannot navigate 
 her, they mult have the Afiirtance of the 
 White Men, or perifli. Befides, whilft the 
 Ships lie in the River, the Crews are apt to 
 be fick, and confequently not able to guard 
 their Slaves •, of which fcveral Inftances have 
 been, and Ships loft thereby^^^ They are alfo 
 liable to Palavers, which often turn out very 
 G ex-
 
 S2 TRAVELS mo the 
 
 1731. expcnfive, and they are obliged to pay Cuf- 
 toms, and make cxceflive large Prefents to 
 the Kings and Brokers, as thofe who have 
 been trading to Joar muft know by Experi- 
 ence. All this would be avoided by buying, 
 a Cargo at once. The Company would have 
 a Conveniency alfo by it, fince they cannot, 
 without Difadvantage, buy dry Goods, with- 
 out buying Slaves with them. If therefore 
 they fold the Slaves to the feparate Traders, 
 they might aflbrt their Warehoufe with the 
 European Goods from them, and thereby 
 command all the dry Goods in the River, in 
 fpite both of the Portugueze and French ; and 
 with good Care of the Fadlors, there might 
 be dry Goods enough procured for to load 
 home the Company's Ships with Speed, fo as 
 they might not be upon Charges, and lofe 
 Time by going on trading Voyages down 
 the Coaft, none of which, in my Time, ever 
 turned out to the Company's Advantage. 
 
 One Night we anchored off Elephanl*s 
 IJland i from whence we had a vaft Number 
 of Mufquetoes and Sand Flies, who diverted 
 us fo prettily that we could not get any Sleep 
 all Night. On the 4th of Sept. we reached 
 Author Joar, but I was fo miferably mauled, on the 
 arrives at Way, by the Mufquetoes, that I could hardly 
 Joar. -w^W^ from the Boat up to the Fa(5lory. In 
 the Evening, the Adventure Sloop, John Leach 
 Mafter, came to Joar, having been on a 
 trading Voyage to Fatatenda, where, by the 
 Violence of the Frefhes, (he loft all her An- 
 chors, and was obliged to ufe her Guns in* 
 ftead of them. She got an Anchor and Cable 
 
 from
 
 arrives at 
 oar. 
 
 HJs Beha- 
 
 Inland Tarts of AFRICA. S3 
 
 from the Fame, and the fame Night failed for 1731. 
 James Fort. 
 
 O N the 9th, the King of Bar/ally came to King of 
 Town, attended by three of his Brothers, Sarja/fy 
 'VIZ. Boojhey Haman Seaca, who was formerly ~ 
 King, and elder than the King, Boomey Ha- 
 7nan Benda, younger than the King, and Boo- 
 my Loyi Eminga, younger than him, befides 
 which there were above 100 Horfemen, and 
 above the fame Number of Men on Foot. 
 Notwithftanding he has a very good Houfe of 
 his own in this Town, yet would he come and 
 lie at the Fadlory. In the firft Place he took 
 PoflelTion of Mr Roberts's own Bed, and then 
 having drank Brandy till he was drunk, at viour 
 the Perfuafion of fome of his People, order*d 
 Mr Roberts to be held, whilft himfelf took 
 out of his Pocket the Key of his Storehoufe, 
 into which he and feveral of his People went, 
 and took what they pleafed ; his chief Hank 
 was Brandy, of which there happen*d to be 
 but one Anchor, he took that out, drank a 
 good deal of it, made himfelf drunk, and 
 then was put to bed. This Anchor lafted 
 him three Days, and then he went all over 
 the Houfe to feek for more ; at lall: he came 
 into a Rome where Mr John Harrifon lay 
 fick, and feeing there a Cafe in which was fix 
 Gallons and half of Brandy belonging to 
 him and me, he ordered Jack Harrifon to 
 get out of Bed and open it, but he told him 
 very feriouQy that there was notiiing in it 
 but fome of the Company's authentick Pa- 
 pers, which muft not be opened. The 
 King was too well acquainted with Liquor- 
 Cafes to be put oif fo, arid therefore ordered 
 G 2 fome
 
 S4 T R A V.E L S into the 
 
 1731. fome of his Men to hold him in his Bed, 
 whilfl: he took the Key out of his Breeches 
 Pocket, he then open'd it, and took all the 
 Liquor out of it, and was not fober fo long 
 as it lafledj but I muft do the King this 
 Juftice, by faying that he very often fent for 
 Mr Ilarrifon and nlyfelf to drink with him. 
 As foon as this Brandy was drank up, he 
 talked of going home, upon which, his Peo- 
 ple, even his chief Minifters, who are the 
 General, and the Keeper of his Majefty's 
 Stores, amufed themfelves in taking wliat 
 they thought bed, which, with one Thing or 
 another, amounted to twenty Pound Sterling ; 
 and they had the Aflurance to open even 
 Chefts and Boxes. What Refiflance could 
 three Men make againft 300? Sometimes the 
 King would ride abroad, and take moft of 
 his Attendance with him, but then, when he 
 was gone abroad, we were plagued with the 
 Company of Bocmey Haman Benda^ and his 
 Brother, who were, if pofiible, worfe than 
 his Ma jelly. 
 
 Behaviour One Day it happen'd that he took a Mug 
 
 of one of of Water, and pretending to drink, took his 
 
 the King's Mouth full, and then putting the Mug on the 
 
 Brothers, ^^j^j^^ j^^ fpurted the Water out of his 
 
 Mouth into my Face, upon which, confider- 
 
 ing that if I fuffcr'd fuch Infolence from 
 
 Black Men, it would make them the more 
 
 bold and infulting, and that it was better to 
 
 venture dying once, than to be continually 
 
 abufcd, and the Occafion of other Engliptnen 
 
 being contemn'd, fo I took the Remainder of 
 
 the Water, and threw it into his Breeches ; 
 
 upon that, he had Recourfe to his Knife, and 
 
 endeavoured
 
 Inland Tarts <?/ A F R IC A. 85 
 
 endeavoured to ftab me, but was prevented »73»« 
 by his favourite Attendant, who, feeing what 
 had palVd, held his Arm, and reprefented to 
 him the unhandfom Ufage he had given me, 
 and the Provocations I had received to wet 
 him : Upon which he was fo much afliamcd, 
 that he came and lay down upon the Floor,, 
 with his Garment off, and took my Foot and 
 placed it upon his Neck, and there lay till I 
 defired him to rife : After vv'hich, no Man 
 was a greater Friend to me, nor more willing 
 to oblige me in any refpeft than he was. 
 
 A N o T H E R time he came at Night, af- 
 ter our Gate was fhut, and broke it down* 
 and coming into the Houfe, with a Piftol in 
 his Hand, demanded Entrance into the King's 
 Chamber-, but "the King's Attendants ftopt 
 him, and tried to awake the King, but found 
 it imprafticable : The next Morning he being 
 acquainted with it, fent his General to charge 
 him not to come in his Prefence any more till 
 he lliould fend for him ; and that for his At- 
 tempt to kill him the Evening before, he 
 fined him three Slaves. 
 
 The King and all his Attendance profefs The 
 the Mrt/jo;«.^/^« Religion, notwithll'andingthey King's 
 drink fo much Strong Liquors •, and when he ^^^^Sio"' 
 is fober, or not quite fuddled, he prays. Some : f 
 
 of that Perfwafion are fo ftricl, that they will , , "' 
 fooner die than drink Strong Liquors j but rkisY^' 
 the King is of quite another Opinion, for he 
 will fooner die than drink Small when he can 
 get Strong. He drefles the fame as moil o- ^^ ^"^^^x?, 
 ther Kings in this Country do, with a Gai ^°^ ^f 
 ment like a Surplice, which comes no lower t^e fame. 
 
 G Q than
 
 $^ TRAVELS into the 
 
 1 73 1, than the Knees, a Pair of Breeches of the 
 Hi D efs ^^"^^ ^^^^ °^ Cloth, about feven Yards wide, 
 * gather'd round the middle ; he wears no Stoc- 
 kings, but always a Pair of Slippers, (except 
 when he rides) a fmall white Cotton-Cap, 
 and commonly a Pair of Gold Ear-rings. His 
 People, as well as himfelf, wear always white 
 Cloths and white Caps -, and as they are ex- 
 j^\ '-^^ ceeding black, it makes them look very well. 
 He is a tall Man, very paflionate, and fome- 
 times when any of his Men affront him, he 
 does not fcruple to fhoot them ; at which, I 
 am told, he is very dexterous : And fome- 
 times when he goes aboard a Company's Sloop 
 at Cohone^ (his own Town and Place of Dwel- 
 ling) he is for fliooting at all the Canoas 
 His fatal which pafs by him, killing perhaps one Man 
 Diverfion. ©r two frequently in a Day. He has got a 
 great many Wives, but never brings above 
 two or three abroad with him. He has feve- 
 ral Brothers, to whom he feldom fpeaks, or 
 permits into his Company ; and when they do 
 come, they pull off their Caps and Garments, 
 and throw Dull upon their Foreheads, as every 
 one does which come into the King's Prefence 
 (except White Men.) As foon as the King 
 dies, his Brothers or Sons go to fighting for 
 the Crown, and whoever is the ftrongeit, is 
 made King. 
 
 His Pow- This King is potent, and very bold: 
 "' His Dominions are large, and divided into 
 
 feveral Parts, over which he appoints Gover- 
 Govern- nors, call'd Boomey^ who come every Year 
 *"*"'• to pay Homage to him. Thefc Boomeys are 
 
 very powerful, and do juft what they pleafe 
 
 with
 
 Inland Tms ef AFRICA. I87 
 
 with the People ; and altho' they are feared, i73»- 
 yet are they beloved. ''' ,' '' '^: 
 
 Other Kings generally advife with their He is ab. 
 Head People, and fca reel y do any thing offo^ute. 
 great Confequenre, v/ithout confulting with 
 them firft ; but the King of Bar/ally is fo 
 abfolute, that he will not allow any of his 
 People to adviie with him, unlefs it be his 
 Head- Man (and chief Slave) CQ.]Vd Ferbroy viz.- 
 {Majier of the Horfe) who carries the King's 
 Sword in a large Silver-Cafe of a great Weight, 
 and who gives Orders for what things the 
 King wants to have, or to be done, and in 
 Battle he is the Leader of his Men. 
 
 /> 
 '\ T H E King's ufual Way of Living is to His odd 
 fleep all Day till towards Sun-fet, then he gets Way^of 
 up to drink, and goes to fleep again till Mid- ^^"^" 
 night ; then he rifes and eats, and if he has 
 any ftrong Liquors, will fit and drink till Day- 
 light, and then eat, and go to fleep again. 
 When he is well ftock'd with Liquor, he will 
 fit and drink for five or fix Days together, 
 and not eat one Morfel of any thing in all 
 that time. It is to that infatiable Thirfh of 
 his after Brandy, that his Subjeds Freedoms 
 and Families are in fo precarious a Situation ; 
 for he very often goes with feme of his Troops 
 by a Town in the Day-time, and returns in 
 the Night and fets fire to three Parts of it, 
 and fets Guards at the fourth to feize the His Way 
 People as they run out from the Fire; he ties of" Jetting 
 their Arms behind them, and marches them 
 to the Place where he fells them, which is 
 either Joar or Cohone. 7' 
 
 ^4 On
 
 8S T RAVEL S into the 
 
 1731. On the i6ch, the King and his Guards went 
 He leaves ^way for CohoNe, having amongfl them flript 
 J"^''- Mr Roberts's Chamber, and carried away his 
 Clothes and Books, which laft they took to 
 Cozoer^ and offer'd to fell to the Mahometan 
 Prieft j who looking over the Books, and not 
 underflandjng any ot them, and being a Friend 
 to Mr Roberts^ told them, That he believed 
 they were Books wherein he kept the Account 
 of his Goods, and that to take them away 
 would inevitably ruin him : Upon which they 
 left them with him, to give back to the Per- 
 fon they belonged to. 
 
 Ociober. On the 17th Day of O^ober, Mr John 
 Harrifon^ my Fellow- Writer, went down to 
 James Fort in the Fame Sloop, in order to 
 be cured of a Flux, with which he was very 
 much afflidled ; but I believed he would be 
 never free from it, unlefs he left otf the ftrong 
 Liquors, which are ufually drunk in thac 
 Countiy. All this Month was cxcefTive hot, 
 and it began to be very foggy Mornings. 
 
 Novem- O N the I ll of November I found the Morn- 
 ^'■j ings and Evenings begin to be exceeding cold, 
 
 nings' and ^^^ "^^ '^^^ middle of the Day the Sun very 
 Evenings, hot. 
 
 Author O N the 5th, at Midnight, being not very 
 
 ^tches a vvcll, 1 happened to awake, and feeing a Light 
 ^ ■ in the Storehoufe, I immediately rofe, and 
 taking a loaded Piftol in my Hand, went to- 
 wards the Light, where I found one of our 
 Black Servants very bufy in robbing the Store j 
 I fciz'd him, and had him put in Irons, with- 
 out Mr Roberts knowing any thing of the 
 
 Matter,
 
 Inland Tarts of A FRIC A. 8p 
 
 Matter, altho' he lay in the next Room, with i73»« 
 the Key of the Stores always under his Pillow: 
 The Fellow got it from under his Head with- 
 out awaking him, and thinking that I was 
 afleep too, was the reafon of his lighting the 
 Candle, in order to pick and chufe what fort 
 of Goods he liked bed •, and had he not 
 lighted a Candle, it is probable I fhould not 
 have detedled him. 
 
 O N the 1 2th, I faw an OJlrich^ with a Man a large 
 riding upon the Back of it, who was going OJiricb. 
 down to the Fort, it being a Prefent to our 
 Governor, from Mr James Conner^ who bought 
 it when he was trading at Fatatenda in Auguji 
 laft. The Evenings and Mornings were very 
 cold. I was very ill with Pains in my Bones, 
 and Boils breaking out all over me, fo that 
 for four Days I was fcarce able to crawl. 
 
 On the 2 2d o^ December^ Captain Robert Decemher^ 
 Clarke^ a feparate Trader, who was late in 
 the Company's Service, and went home laft 
 Junc^ came to anchor at Rumho^s Port in the 
 Snow Tryall, in order to purchafe young 
 Slaves for Lisbon, 
 
 O N the 3d of January came up a New- January, 
 England Scooner call'd the Gambia, John 
 M<3/(?r Mafter, loaded with Salt and Rum; he 
 ftay'd here but a fhort while, and then pro- 
 ceeded up the River to Cajjan, about four 
 Tides above this Place. We bought fome 
 wild Hog and Venifon, and found it very 
 good Eating, but very lean. I alfo Hiw an 
 Allegator about fix Foot long, kill'd by a 
 
 Native
 
 5,0 TRAVELS into the 
 
 1732. Native with a Spear, as he was fwimming in 
 the River. 
 
 A Camel. On the iSth, I faw a large Camel belong-* 
 ing to the King of Barfally^ which was pre-^ 
 fented to him by the King of Demel^ a Coun- 
 try near the River Senegal. A Meflenger 
 which Mr Roberts fent down to the Fort; 
 recurn'd this Day with Letters from England 
 Author ^^^ ^^ both, wherein I found that Mr Ogle- 
 made thorpe\\2i(\ been fo indulgent as to have 2000/. 
 Fador. Security given for me, and upon his Recom-? 
 mendation the Company was pleafed to ap- 
 point me Fador. I receiv'd likewife Letters 
 from the Governor, and other Gentlemen at 
 James Fort ; which, among other Things, 
 Account of inform'd me of the Death of one of my inti- 
 ^'J-w /^f mate Friends and Acquaintance, Mr Charles 
 Houghton. Houghtony Jbattor, with whom 1 came over. 
 On Ne-ifj 7'ears-'D?iy he and one Mr Sej-geant 
 lying in a Room, and not being well, went 
 to Bed before Night. About Midnight Mr 
 Houston awaked, and not being able to go 
 tofleep again, and ill withal, defir'd Sergeant 
 to give him a few Drops of Laudanum (of 
 which there was a fmall Vial in the Win- 
 dow) in a Glafs of Water. That carelefs 
 Fellow Sergeant y being in the Dark, pours 
 the Laudanum into the Water by guefs, and 
 gives it to Mr Houghton^ who drank it up, 
 went to fleep, and never waked after. He 
 was a very worthy Man, and would have 
 been of great Service to the Company, had 
 he lived. 
 
 K of^^r- Q ^ j.j^^ 21(1 of this Month of January, 
 
 Jalh comes • . r r, r 11 1 n. J 
 
 again to amvcQ thc King 01 Bar/ally, who yelterday 
 
 y<?ar. fell
 
 Inland Tarts <?/ A F R I C A. pi 
 
 fell upon one of his own Towns, and having 1732. 
 taken a good many Prifoners, brought them 
 along with him, with Intent (I believe) to fell 
 them to Captain Clarke^ a feparate Trader, 
 now at anchor at Rnmhd's Port. On his Ar- 
 rival he took PofTefTion of Mr Roberts^ Bed 
 and Room for himfelf, and the Siavehoufe 
 for his Slaves and People who look after them. 
 He foon inquired after that Fellow which I 
 found robbing the Stores, whom Mr Roberts 
 fome time fince fent down to the Fort, he 
 being an intimate Acquaintance of the King's. 
 The King's Behaviour this Time was not 
 much unlike the lad, which obliged me to 
 write the following Letter to the Governor. 
 
 To Anth. Rogers, Efq-^ Go^'cernor of 
 James Fort. 
 
 Jo2LV Faclory^ Jan. 22, 173 1-2. 
 
 S I R, 
 
 OiV the iSth Injiant I received your agree- Author's 
 able Letter, as alfo fome from Mr Ogle- Letter to 
 thorpe and Mr Hayes. / 7nuft noiv acquaint ^^^ ^°" 
 you^ that the Day after, the King of Barfaily v^^"°''- 
 arrived with a fmall Retinue of about a hun- 
 dred Men, and forty or fifty Slaves, tnoft of 
 which are unmerchantable. He came diretly to 
 the Factory, and took Poffejfwn of Mr Robert.^'i 
 Room for himfelf, and the Slaveheufe for his 
 People and Captives. He endeavour d as much 
 as pojfible to get the Key of the Stores, which 
 Mr Roberts prevented with much Difficulty by 
 rufJjing out of the Room. Soon after he fent his 
 Men to f'ize me, who when they brought me to 
 him, laid me along upon the Bed^ and fearched 
 
 my
 
 ^j TRAVELS jnto the 
 
 1732. m^ Pockets for the Key of the Stcre^ hut found 
 it not. He asks much after that Fellow we fent 
 down for robbing the Stores^ and is very angry 
 at cur fending him away from hence. His being 
 fo inquifitive after that Fellow., fo eager after 
 the Key of the Stores, and his not fuffering People 
 to carry any thing from the Fa^ory^ gives me 
 reafon to believe that he intends to ftrip the 
 JVarehoufe ere he departs ; which., I am afraid^ 
 nothiiig but a Sloop's Arrival (with Mr Harri- 
 fon) can prevent. I am obliged to bear the In- 
 fults of his People to prevent Outrages ; but as I 
 am now in hopes of going foon from hence., I will 
 bear whatever I pofjibly can, believing it to be 
 for the Company^ s Interefl. 1 am 
 
 SIR, 
 
 Your moft obedient and 
 
 humble Servant 
 Fra. Moore, 
 
 Thi King On the 23d, the King began to trade with 
 tradeswith Captain Clarke, and his People behaved very 
 i:. Clarke, infolcntly to Mr Roberts and myfelf, on ac- 
 count of that Fellow which we lent down co 
 the i ort for robbing the Stores. 
 
 Fame On the 27th, in the Afternoon, arrived 
 
 ^.'°"P ^y the Company's Sloop Fame, with a Cargo a- 
 a Cargo, ^""ounting to about five thoufand Barrs, and 
 a long Letter from the Governor and Mr 
 Harrifon, which came away before it was pof- 
 fible for our Letters to'be arrived there. A"s 
 it is concerning the Trade, I am of Opinion 
 
 it
 
 Inland Tarts <?/ A F R I C A. 5)3 
 
 it will not be thought improper to enter the 1732. 
 whole Letter, of which there is an cxadl Co- 
 py, Appendix, No. II. 
 
 The Occafion of this Letter was upon 
 new Inftrudlions coming from England ; for 
 the Diredion, into which Mr Oglethorpe had /'^ 
 been lately chofen, and in which Mr Hayes, 
 who was perfedly well acquainted with the 
 Trade of Africa, had a great Weight, were 
 refolved to leave no means unattempted to 
 re-ellablifh that, and the Affairs of the Com- 
 pany ; not by diftreffing the feparate Tra- 
 ders, but by bringing the Company's Ser- 
 vants to do their Duty, and to aft with Zeal 
 and Honeily towards the Company. To 
 encourage them in it, the Prices of Provifions 
 at Jaiiies Fort were lower'd, Mr Hayes alfo 
 was thoroughly fatisfied that the Trade might 
 be made very advantageous, by enlarging up 
 the River, and encouraging Dry Goods, and 
 by ftriking out new Trades with the Inland 
 People of Africa^ who are almoft innumera- 
 ble, and who would demand and confume a 
 great many Manufadures, had they where- 
 withal to pay for them. To enable them to 
 do which, Mr Hayes propofed taking off all 
 Kinds of Goods which that Country produ- 
 ces, and encouraging the Natives with giving 
 them Goods, for what they before thought 
 ufelefs, viz. Gums, Dying Barks, Woods, 
 Hides, ^c. And to induce the Company's Ser- 
 vants to be vigilant in opening new Trades, 
 they gave Twenty per Cent. Encouragement 
 to thofe who fliould difcover any new Goods, 
 out of the Gains that fhould arife from them; 
 but this laft is not mentioii'd in the Letter. 
 
 Thi:
 
 ^4 TRAV ELS h/tode 
 
 1732. The King and his Guards not being gone» 
 Th Kin ^"^ ^^^^^^ Behaviour extraordinary bad, we 
 not^to't^did not think it proper to land the Goods, or 
 truilecL take a Survey of thofe in the Store, till fuch 
 Time as the Coaft was clear, being appre- 
 henfive that they had a Defign of leizing them. 
 During the Time the King had been trading 
 with Captain Clarke, he had obliged us to 
 lend him our Storehoufe to put his Goods 
 into, where he and his Attendance frequently 
 fat an Hour together drinking and fmoaking, 
 Unfortii- '^^*'^ Evening, as they were caroufing there, 
 ii:ite°Acci- the King took up a Mufquet of ours in his 
 dent. Hand, and not imagining it to be loaded, 
 fired it off, and fhot a Brace of Balls into the 
 Thigh oi^ Tomba Mendez^ Son to the late King 
 of Bar/ally by a P ortuguefeV^ ovrnn, and Cou- 
 fin to the King. This Man was the Promoter 
 of all the Mifchief that was done ; for the 
 .King himfelf is a good-natur*d Man, and 
 when fober, is unwilling to ufe any White 
 Man ill, efpecially thofe belonging to the 
 Company. Had the King happened to have 
 been fitting on the other Side of the Room, 
 the Ball would have went into the very mid- 
 dle of our Powder-Room, and the Fire per- 
 haps have blowed us all up. However, as it 
 was", the King was very angry at Mr Roberts 
 and me for keeping loaded Arms by us, and 
 at the fame time ask'd us, If we thought 
 that either he or his People would do us any 
 Harm : Which fhcws, that he thought we 
 ought to be as obedient to him as his own 
 Su'bjcds, whom he daily makes Slaves of j and 
 that he was fo exceedingly miftakcn, as to think 
 that his Behaviour was very agreeable to us, 
 when nothing can come up to it for Vexation 
 
 and
 
 Inland "Parts 0/ A F R I G A. 51J 
 
 ^nd Uneafinefs. However, on the third of 1732. 
 February^ very early in the Morning, the r , 
 King and his Attendance went away, fome of 
 them having broke open my Buroe, and ^^"2- ^'=' 
 taken Things out to a confiderable Vakie; ^^uhels^^ 
 the fame Fate attended Mr Roberts^ and poor 
 Mr Harnfotiy who leaving his Scrutore behind 
 him, had it broke all to Pieces, and fome 
 Things taken away. They alfo took near 
 200 Barrs of the Company's Goods out of 
 the Storehoufe, exclufive of the Prefents made 
 them by Mr Roberts, which were very confi- 
 derable. As foon as they were gone, Mr 
 Roberts, Boys, and I confulted in what Manner ^ 
 it was bell for us to proceed. I was unwil- tion^ha?/ 
 ling to take Charge of this Fadory, where 
 we were liable to fo many Infults from the 
 King's People, whenever he came here, which 
 had been twice within five Months, and yet 
 for five Years before September lad, he was Refolution 
 not near the Fadory once. At lad, I agreed 
 to take a Survey of the Goods in Store, and 
 take the Cargo a-ihore which the Fa7ne had 
 brought up, and that being done, to take 
 my Paflage in the Fame, down to the Fort, 
 to acquaint the Gentlemen thoroughly of the 
 King's Manner of behaving towards us, when 
 at the Fadory, and withal to have him pre- 
 vented from coming any more, or ^\k it 
 would be impolTible for any one to live there. 
 Three Days we fpent in taking an Inventory, 
 and bringing our Cargo into the Storehoufe; 
 which being done, I immediately fet out for 
 the Fort, as I propofed, carrying with me 
 the following Letter, from my Colleao-ue, 
 Mr Roberts, viz, ° rvi 
 
 To
 
 ^6 TRAVELS into the 
 
 To the Gov ER-i^oK, mid chief Mer^i 
 chants of J ami s Fort. 
 
 JoAR Fadory, Feb. 8, 1732. 
 Gentlemen, 
 
 YOURS, per Ibe Fame Sloop, came fafe 
 to hand, with the Goods, agreeable to In- 
 Letter. 'voice. I have periijed the fever al Paragraphs of 
 your Letter, and Jhall endeavour, on my Fart, 
 carefully to obferve the fame, and hope fhall not 
 fad therein, IVhat merchantable Slaves the King 
 of BarfiiUy brought, he fold to C^//. Clarke, he- 
 " fore the Sloop arrived^ altho^ he gave me fair 
 Promifes every Day. As to his Behaviour here, 
 Mr Moore, and Capt. Boys will inform you 
 more than I can exprefs in IVnting. We endea- 
 voured to keep him out of the Stores, but to no 
 Purpofe, he would not be refifted^ hut go in, and 
 with bi?n ten or twelve of his People, intent upon 
 nothing hut Thieving, which we could in no man- 
 ner prevent. His own Key-keeper has a Key^ 
 with which they open''d the Stores in the Night- 
 titne, and flole confidcrable l^^mntities of Goods, 
 an exalt Account of which you have therein in- 
 clofed. Had not the Sloop come up, nothing could 
 have prevented their taking the whole Store. 
 They have Jtole alnicjl all I had, broke my Chejty 
 and Meffieurs Harrifon'j and Moore'i So'utores^ 
 and taken jnojl of the Things out of them. All 
 cur Servants ran away, being afraid of being 
 fcxTxd and fold. Unlefs the King can be pre- 
 vented from cojning here, and ailing in this Man- 
 ner, no Pcrfon can pretend to live here ; being 
 not only in Danger of lofmg what Things we 
 
 have.
 
 Inlund Tarts ^AFRICA. 5)7 
 
 have., hut even our Lives. I hope., Gentlemen., 1732. 
 you'll confider., and give Redrefs., our Cafe being 
 quite defperate, I have no more to addy but 
 remain^ 
 
 Gentlemen, 
 
 Your mofl humble Servant, 
 
 WILLIAM ROBERTS. 
 
 On our Way down we met a large Shipg|^- q^^^ 
 from Brijlol, called the Gregory, Capt. Robert gory,z{epi. 
 Smithy a feparate Trader, going up the River rateTrader 
 to flave at Joar. We alio met the Adventure 
 Sloop going up to Samy, with Mr Lemaigre^ 
 a Company's Faftor, who lives there, and 
 trades for the Company, to whom he remits 
 Slaves all the Year round, at forty Barrs per 
 Head. 
 
 On the nth, vve arrived at Ja7nes Fort, Safe Re- 
 having had a brifk fair Gale all the Way turn to 
 down. The Governor was gone down in theZ'^'^" 
 Guinea Packet, Capt. Martin (who arrived 
 here from England the 15th Inftant} to Bar- 
 
 rin^dinp-y one of the Kin^ of Barral/s Towns, ^ 
 
 . . n.-j -J J- a r Governor's 
 
 where he yet liaid, m order to adjult lomej^jfpmg 
 
 Difputes between him and the Company, with the 
 
 concerning the Governor's alTifting fome fe- King of 
 
 parate Traders, who refufe to pay the King's '^^''''^^• 
 
 Cuftoms. 
 
 On the 14th, the Guinea Packet returned 
 with the Governor •, there likewife came up 
 in Company with her a large Ship from Lif- 
 hon, called the Jndahizia, Capt. Pearfon, 10 -^nda/uzia 
 purchafe Slaves for the Brazil. The ^ext^B^VT 
 Day the Adventure Sloop carried up the Al- 
 
 H cade
 
 ^8 
 
 TRAVELS into the 
 
 1732. cade of Vintain^ and his Attendants, to their 
 own Town, they having been down with the 
 Governor at the King of Barrah^s Town. 
 
 On the 2 2d, the Governor and I went on 
 board the Guinea Packet^ who was then going 
 on a trading Voyage to Cutcheo^ after which 
 Sloop'gocs ^^ ^^^"'- °" board the Difpatch Sloop, to take 
 ioxEnglarJ Leave of the Captain, being now bound for 
 England. After we had failed a little Way- 
 down with them, we came up in the Cutter, 
 And the next Day we went over to Gillyfree^ 
 with Mr John Harrifon^ to take Charge of 
 that Fa(flory, in the room of Mr Hugh Ha^ 
 m'llton^ who was going to fettle a Factory at 
 Fatatenda. 
 
 Soon after, the Andaluz'm-> Capt. Pearfon^ 
 
 failed up the River ; and the Tr'^aU Capt. 
 
 Clarke^ came down from Joar^ having about 
 
 j.vj^o ffeventy young Slaves; by him we received 
 
 Yarmama- Advice that the Company's Fadtory at Tam-j^ 
 
 tunda amacunda was burnt down, 
 burnt. 
 
 On the id of March, having thoroughly 
 Manj. acquainted the Gentlemen of the Manner we 
 Author's "^"^^^^ ufed in at Joar, by the King of Bar- 
 V^cprekti' f'llly, and his Attendants; and having feveral 
 tarion. Times exprefled my Uneafineis at flaying fo 
 long from my Factory, and being as often 
 afTured by the Governor, that whatever Defi- 
 ciencies fnouid be made, during my Abfence, 
 fliould be placed to my Colleague's particu- 
 Sctsout lar Account, I fet out for Joary in the Sea 
 
 JTr ^^y^""^-^' ^'°"P' y^^'" ^°^P^^' Mafter, but hav- 
 ing llrong Land Breezes againft us, we could 
 not arrive there in lefs than five Pays, and 
 
 having
 
 Inland Tarts <?/ A F R I C A. ^^ 
 
 having by the Way Occafion to drink fome i?^^- 
 of the River Water, occafioned by Negledl 
 of not filling Cafks below, we found the fame 
 to be brackifh forty Leagues above the Fort. 
 On my Arrival at Joar^ I delivered Mr Ro- 
 lerts the following Letter. 
 
 James Fort, Feb. 28, 1731. 
 
 ^l 
 
 "^lA Roberts 
 MelT. ^ and 
 
 Fr. Moore, 
 
 THIS will be delivered to you by Mr Letter in 
 Moore, and ferves to anfwer Mr Ro- ^nfwer to 
 berts*J Letter, of the Sth Injiant. f/^J^°' 
 
 We have in the moll mature Manner confi- 
 der^d the Goods, which you, Mr Roberts, fay 
 were ftolen by the King of Barfally •, but when 
 we compared the fame with the Inventory you 
 fent down, and the Goods difburfed by you, with 
 that Inventory taken the ^ijl of December lajiy 
 we find that what is reprefented by you to be 
 flolen by the King, are all the Goods that appear 
 to be deficient by cajling up your own Books only, 
 without giving any Proof to us that they were 
 usually ftolen by him or People, no otherwife, 
 than that whatever Goods floall to you appear to 
 he deficient at the Kind's coyning to Joar, tho* 
 from any Negle^ of yours whatever, muft, in 
 Courfe, be ftolen by him. 'Thefe Proceedings of 
 yours, now, Mr Roberts, when compa?-ed with 
 what has appeared againft you formerly, con- 
 cerning Deficiencies, tho'' out of meer Negle5f 
 only. Without any fuch or other Caufe whatever, 
 you muft believe, cajmot influence us to pafs fuch 
 
 H 2 Accou?its,
 
 100 TRAVELS into the 
 
 1732. y^cioiifits, ivUhout ahfolule Prejudice to the Com- 
 fany^s Interejl. Ton are therefore to take Notice, 
 that unlefs we are better fatisfied concerning this 
 jiff air, than ichat is made to appear by Mr 
 Moore and Capt Boys, we cannot, on any Ac- 
 count, admit of allowing fuch a Lofs to the Com- 
 pany. For it is apparent by what you, Mr 
 Moore, have acquainted us, that Mr Roberts 
 might have taken an Inventory of the Company's 
 Goods in Store, jrom the l^ime he fir(l received the 
 News of the King*s coniing, to his Arrival at 
 Joar. Tour Deficiencies, upon a fecond Survey, 
 at his Departure, might juflly then be fuppofed to 
 he made away with by the King and Poople, (as 
 they did forcibly enter into the Company's Ware- 
 houfe.) And what leaves you no Excufe for not 
 doing this when you firjt heard of his coming, 
 was your frequent Declarations, lon^ before, that 
 you expecfed no otherwife, whenever he came to 
 Joar. This, and many other Proceedings, which 
 do not cohere with the Company's Interejl, obliges 
 us to acquaint you, and 'jou are hereby directed, 
 that Mr Moore, "jour Colleague, have the 
 Charge of keeping the If^arehouje, and you the 
 Books ; and for the more effectual preventing any 
 Abufes being offered to either Party, it is expeUed, 
 upon Receipt of this, that a Survey he taken, in 
 order that you, Mr Moore, have no Pretence 
 from being accountable, in cafe of any Deficiencies 
 happening hereafter, and which is to he done in 
 the Prefcnce^ of Capt, Cooper to avoid Difputes, 
 
 THERE goes by this Sloop a fmall Cargo, 
 which Mr Moore has fign'd Receipts for. We 
 have not to add, hut wiJJj you Health, and remain 
 
 Your Friends and humble Servants, 
 Ant. Rogers, Tho. Harrison. 
 
 We
 
 Inland Tarts ^AFRICA. loi 
 
 We fet dire6l]y about taking an Inventory 1732- 
 of the Company's Effe(5ls, on my being ap- J^'f^nder- 
 pointed to look to the Stores; at which Mr with'JIfr 
 Roberts was exceeding angry, and let fall a Roberts. 
 great many ExprelTions, which relifb'd of 
 nothing but ruin to myfelf and the Company's 
 Affairs. Soon after, the Sea-N'^mph fail'd for ^J^' , 
 James Fort, with a Parcel of fine Slaves which wuhslaves 
 Mr Roberts had purchafed during my Ab- for James 
 fence. Fort. 
 
 O N the 8th, came up the Fame Sloop, Fame 
 with Mr Hugh Hamilton, and Edward Feelers Sloop,£fff. 
 his Affiftant, now going to fettle a Faftory ^'^jj^f''^^^ 
 at Fatatenda. The James IJland Shallop came Brucoe. 
 up alfo, with Melf. Philip Galand ^.nd^^Henry 
 Johnfon Writers, who were going to fettle 
 another Fadiory at Brucoe, about feventy 
 Leagues above this Place. They ftay'd here 
 but one Night, and then proceeded on their 
 Voyages. 
 
 O N the next Day my Colleague, Mr Ro- Roberts 
 herts, quitted the Faftory, on account of my quits the 
 being in Charge of the Store: All the Ser- ^'^^^'^'Y- 
 vants belonging to the Fa<Story he took along 
 with him, except our Girl-Cook, and fhe . 
 would not be perfwaded to go away on any^ 
 Account. He dreffed himfelf in Clothes like 
 the Natives, and went and lived at Cower, ^"'^ 8°" 
 which lies about three Miles ^rom Joar, acrofs ^^ c»*y*r, 
 a fine large Savannah, on which there are no 
 Trees, but fine low Grafs, which makes it 
 pleafant for Walking, Riding and Shooting. 
 This Town is fo large, that it is divided into 
 three Parts, Cower, Jonacunda ■AndTouracunda-, 
 the firft and iail of which are inhabited ipoflly 
 
 H 3 by
 
 loa TRAVELS into the 
 
 '■'32- by Mahometans^ the other by Jolloiffs ; each of 
 
 Defcnpti- j.|^gfg jjj.g about a Mile round, fituated at the 
 
 Place Botiom of Hills on the Weft, and a fine Plain 
 
 of open Pafture-Ground on the Eaft. They 
 
 make exceeding good Cotton-Clothes here, 
 
 very dear to purchafe, and much valued by 
 
 all the Women on the River. Here lives that 
 
 SerinDonh ^^^ Man, fo well knowH to all White Men, 
 
 an emi- call'd Serin Donfo^ who exafls upon every 
 
 nen[ Bro- Body very much, and has fuch great Power 
 
 Ker. Qygj. ^ji j.j^g Merchants who bring their Slaves 
 
 here, that unlefs you fee him, it is in vain to 
 
 expecl Trade. This is the chief Town on the 
 
 whole River; and, as I hinted before, the 
 
 befl Place for Trade. 
 * 
 On the 12th, the Andaluzia^ Capt. Pier' 
 fon^ came up to anchor at Ru7nbo*s Port, in 
 order to purchafe Slaves ; fhe had not a fort- 
 Slaves at able Cargo, and therefore bovight but few ; 
 lo/. per thofe which he did buy, lying him in about 
 Head. Ten Pounds Sterling per Head. 
 
 On the 22d I receiv'd Advice, that Capt. 
 
 or k'll'd'*' -^^P^ ^^ ^^^ New-England Scooner was fome 
 
 few Days fince cut oft by the People of Cajfan^ 
 
 a little Way up the River, at the Perfuafton 
 
 of Cheqiio Vofs^ a Portuguefe^ who lives there. 
 
 On the 23d, I receiv'd Advice from Capt. 
 
 abufed. tives talking in broken Portuguefe about beat- 
 ing mc, by the Perfwafion of my Colleague 
 Roberts^ and therefore dcfired I would take 
 care of myfeif I chofe rather to be ill-us*d 
 by them, than leave the Factory and Store- 
 houfc to be plunder'd by them, and therefore 
 ftay'd at home , Soon after about thirteen 
 
 Jolloiffs
 
 Inland Tarts 0/ AFR IC A. 103 
 
 yolloiffs came, who tore my Clothes, and beat *732. 
 me, and drew their Swords, and told me they 
 would kill me if I would not give them Bran- 
 dy. With much ado I rufh'd out of the 
 Houfe, and call'd an old Man of the Town, 
 whom they fear and reverence, who reproved 
 them, and threatned to fend Word of it to 
 the King •, which made them go away afhamed ^^'H.^t 
 of what they had done, and promife not to whh^^^^ 
 go near Mr Roberts any more, he having put berts. 
 them on to do fo. 
 
 For feveral Days we lived in this manner, 
 he at Cower with all the Company's Servants, 
 and I at the Factory by myfelf, having much 
 ado to prevent People flealing the Goods ; 
 fometimes they would be fent fingly by Ro- 
 berts in the Night-time to rob me ; but I ^^■'^• 
 very often met with them, and ufed them ac- 
 cordingly, which made Roberts take occafion 
 to fend Word to the Gentlemen that I ufed 
 the Natives very ill. At length, on the 5th 
 of Aprily the Adventure Sloop arrived with 
 Mr Harrifon and Mr Jamet Davis, by which 
 Conveyance we receiv'd the following Letter. 
 
 To Mejf, Wm Roberts and 
 Fra. Moore. 
 
 Letter to 
 James^oxt^ Mar.2g, 1732. thembath. 
 Gentlemen, 
 f I ^ HIS goes hy the Adventure Sloops and 
 4 . ferves to acquaint you, that in Confidera- 
 tion of the fundry Complaints made hy you a- 
 gainjl each other^ and the Dangers that threaten 
 the Company's Affairs under fuch irregular and 
 dijlra^ed Management,^ we have appointed Mr 
 H 4 James
 
 104 T R AVELS htto the 
 
 1732. James Davis to take upon htm the Dire5l'ton of 
 the Royal African Companfs Jffairs at Joar 
 Fa^or)'. 2m are therefore hereby directed and 
 required^ upon Receipt hereof^ to deliver up to 
 him all the Companf s Effects tn your Poffeffion. 
 
 TO U, Mr Roberts, are to continue at Joar 
 Fa^ory^ and ajfft Mr Davis in repairing the 
 Factory, till fuch Time as Mr John Brown 
 conies to Joar to Mr Davis*j AJfifiance^ then 
 you are to come do"Jcn to the Fort with your 
 Books of Accounts fettled by both you and Mr 
 Moore •, who is alfo to obferve^ that he is to 
 proceed along 'with Mr Thomas Harrilbn to 
 Yamyamacunda FaEiory\ and there joyn with 
 Mr James Conner in dire^ing the Company s 
 Affairs there till further Orders, we being once 
 more willing to give him an Opportunity of ma- 
 :■ king amcr.ds for his pajl ill Conduct \ but muji 
 recommend to him to ufe milder and more affable 
 Treatment to the Natives there^ than he has done 
 at Joar. 
 
 AS for you, Mr Roberts, we look upon you 
 as a loft Man, and one (whiljl you continue that 
 infatiable Thir/l after Liquor) incapable of ren- 
 dring the Co7npany any Service. Such are the 
 Reprefentations we have had, which we Jhould 
 not be fond of giving Belief to, did not the Irre- 
 gularity and Dif ration that appeared in your 
 Manage?nent of late, but too plainly confirm it. 
 We are 
 
 Your Friends and Servants, 
 
 Anth. Rogers, 
 Tho. Harrison. 
 
 I ALSO received Advice, that the Bon ett a 
 belonging to the Company was return'd to 
 James Fort, from whence fhe faiJ'd a Twelve- 
 month
 
 InUnd "Parts <?/ A F R I G A. loj 
 
 month ago, and was thought to be loft. In 173;!- 
 the Evening Mr Harrifon lent to Cower for 
 Mr Roberts, who being afhamed to come, de- ^°^^^^^ 
 fired the Meflenger to fiiy that he could not 
 find him \ but the Fellow being Mr llarrijon^s, 
 Servant, refufed to impole a Lye upon him, 
 and therefore told him th? Truth. 
 
 The next Morning we took a Survey of Da-ob 
 all the Company's Effedls here, and deliver'd i^^"^ Di- 
 them up to Mr Bavis^ taking from him pro- ^*^°'" ^' 
 per Receipts. Mr Harrifon fent another Mef- ^''"'''' 
 fenger for Mr Roberls, who finding it imprac- 
 ticable to abfcond, condefcended to come a- 
 long with the Meflenger i when he came he 
 acknowledged his Fault in abfenting the Fac- 
 tory, and own'd that he fent People to infult 
 me : After which, Mr Harrijhi told him, that 
 when Mr Brown came hither from Tam^ama- 
 cunda-, he muit go down to the Fort by the „ , 
 firft Conveyance, in order to go to England orde^d for 
 with the Guinea Pacquet, which would fet out England. 
 in about two Months time. 
 
 O N the 9th, in the Evening, Mr Harrifon 
 and I fupp'd on Board the Andaluxia, to take 
 leave of Capr. Pearjon. Afterwards we em- 
 bark'd on Board the Ad^centure Sloop, in or- 
 der to proceed up the River. 
 
 J OAR lies in the Kingdom of Barfally, joar de- 
 About three Miles from Cower, acrofs a fine icnbed- 
 Savannah, furrounded v/irh Woods, which 
 harbour wild Beafts, which you may hear 
 howling and roaring every Night. It is a- 
 bout two Miles from the River Ga7nbia^ Ibme 
 part of which is up a narrow Creek, fcarce 
 
 wide
 
 io6 TRAVELS into the 
 
 1 73 2- enough for a Boat -, the other part is very 
 pleafant Walking in the dry Time, but in the 
 rainy Seafon it is generally cover'd with Wa- 
 ter. This Town is inhabited by Portuguefe, 
 but is much lefTen'd of late Years. At pre- 
 fent it confifts of not above ten Houfes, be- 
 fides the King's and the Company's, which 
 two contain as much Ground as all the others. 
 About a Mile from it, there is a Ledge of 
 Hills, high and rocky, but neverthelefs full of 
 Trees, which the Natives tell me runs a hun- 
 dred Leagues up the River. In the Summer 
 it is very pleafant Walking upon and about 
 thofe Hills -, but in the rainy Seafon it is dan- 
 gerous, by reafon of the vaft Number of 
 wild Beafts, who are obliged to keep to the 
 Mountains by reafon of the low Lands being 
 almoft cover'd with Water. In the Creek is 
 very good Fifhing, and on the Savannahs 
 good Game. The Ships that come up to 
 trade here, always take in their Stock of 
 Water out of the River, which is reckon'd 
 to be very good. 
 
 Defcripti- D u R I N G the Time I was at J oar I faw 
 on of the feveral Cameleons, which fome People think 
 Cameleon. live upon the Air only, and that the Objed 
 before them makes them change their Colour, 
 which is a vulgar Error, for they live upon 
 Flies, and I have fcen one catch thirty or 
 forty of a Day with his Tongue, which is 
 near as long as the Camelcon icfelf ; he darts 
 it out about fevcn, or eight, or ten Inches, 
 and has (as I believe) a fort of glutinous 
 Subllancc in the Tongue, for if it but juft 
 touches the Fly he catches it, and then coils 
 his Tongue under his Jaws in his Throat. 
 
 Some-
 
 Inland Tarts tf/ A F R I C A. 1 07 
 
 Sometimes they will change their Colours \7iz. 
 twenty times a Day, jufl as they pleafe ; 
 fometimes they will be of the Colour* of the 
 Objed neareft them, but that is as they pleafe 
 too. In the Space of two Days I have i^tn. 
 one of all forts of Colours, but I have ob- 
 ferv*d that generally when they fleep they are 
 of a bright light Yellow. Some of them are 
 as large as the largeft-fized Lizards, very 
 ugly, but have fmall beautiful Eyes, which 
 are made and placed in fuch a manner, as to 
 look backward with one, and forward with 
 the other. 1 thought that the Tongue and 
 Eyes of this Creature had been obferv'd only 
 by myfelf; but after I return'd to England y 
 going to fee the Collection made by that 
 Learned Gentleman Sir Hans Sloane, 1 found 
 nothing had efcaped his Curiofity, and that 
 the Tongue of a Cameleon had been by him 
 prefcrv'd in Spirits, and diffedcd in fuch a man- 
 ner as plainly fhovvs, that Nature has wifely 
 provided the Cameleon with a Weapon with 
 which he can nourifli himfelf, and that this 
 little Creature has a Tongue which he ufes to 
 feed himfelf with Flies, in the fame manner as 
 the great Elephant ufes his Trunk. 
 
 Here are a fort of Screech-Owls, which in Owls ta 
 the Night make a very difmal Noife, and are^^" ^0^ 
 taken by the Natives for Witches : If one of ^^'"^^"• 
 thefe Birds happens to come into a Town at 
 Night, the People are all up firing at it ; and 
 as 1 do not find that they ever had the good 
 Fortune to (hoot any of them, the poor 
 Creatures ftill continue in the Opinion of 
 their being Witches. Thefe Screech-Owls 
 were a Terror to the Egyptians^ and fre- 
 quent upon the Nile. About
 
 loS TRAVELS into the 
 
 1732. About the Savannah are plenty of Deer, 
 wild Hogs, Buffaloes, Gcdt, Ducks, Par- 
 tridge5, Doves and Quails ; all which are 
 very good Eating, and admired by the Na- 
 tives themfelves, and what is worth remark- 
 Partridges jj^g^ ^.j^g Partridges here have fometimes two 
 wit P'^rs-j^j.gg Spurs on each Leg. I had reafon to 
 remark it, becaufe one Day as I had juft fhot 
 one, fearing he would get away, I fnatch*d 
 him up, and tore my Hands with his Spurs. 
 
 About J oar, and in no other place on the 
 Bird with River, I have feen a remarkable Bird, which 
 Wines comes abroad at Dusk, with four Wings, and 
 about the Bignefs of a Pigeon ; but tho' this 
 • is called a Bird by the Natives, yet whether it 
 is a Bird, or of the Bat-Kind, I am not cer- 
 tain, having never fecn one of them dead, tho* 
 I have frequently iliot at them. 
 
 y^''? . In the beginning of the rainy Seafon 
 
 Purflain grows wild of itfelf, very good, and 
 not unlike what we have in England. We 
 
 Colliloo. have alfo another Herb call'd Collilo^i., much 
 like Spinage, and eats almoil as well. 
 
 Nuts with Here are alfo Nuts, which are tolerable 
 good Eating, and produce two Kernels in 
 each Shell •, they do not look like our Nuts, 
 but rather like a dry'd Acorn. 
 
 Croco- Here are alfo plenty of Crocodiles, 
 
 diles, their which the Natives arc great Admirers of, 
 Eggs with ^j likewife their Eees, which I have fre- 
 
 young a ^^ 
 
 nice Diih. quently feen them eat when there have been 
 young ones in them as long as my Finger, 
 which makes them (they fay) the nicer. 
 
 This is one of their niceft Difhes, but 
 their common Food is call'd Coofcoofli, be- 
 
 fifted 
 
 two Ker- 
 nels.
 
 Inland Tarts <?/ A F R I C A. lo^ 
 
 mg Corn beaten in a Wooden Mortar, and >732- 
 fifted thro' a fine Basket till it is about as Coofcoofb, 
 fine as coarfe Flower, then they put it into piunnng. 
 an earthen Pot full of Holes like a Cullinder, ry. 
 which is luted to the Top of an earthen Pot, 
 in which is boiling Water, and fometimes 
 Broth in it, the Steam of which cures and 
 hardens the Flower, and when it is done, they 
 mix them together, and eat it with their 
 Hands. Filh dried in the Sun, or fmoaked, 
 is a great Favourite of theirs; but the more „ ^ 
 it ftinks, the more they like it. There is kinj^^of 
 fcarce any thing which they do not eat -, large Foods. > 
 Snakes, Guanas, Monkeys, Pelicans, Bald- 
 Eagles, Allegators, and Sea-Horfes are excel- 
 lent Food. And their Liquor is Palm-Wine, 
 Ciboa-Wine, Honey- Wine, (which is not 
 unlike our Mead) Brandy and Rum -, but 
 when they can get the two lad, they drink Tempe- 
 but a fmall Quantity of the others. The on- ^"^'^ °^ 
 ly Liquor to pleafe a Mahometan is Sugar ,^^^ '""^" 
 and Water. 
 
 The Mundingoes have a Cuftom of building OddFancy 
 their Houfes clofe together, which is the Occa- ^"^"^^'i^^S 
 Hon of fo many Conflagrations that happen eve- ' 
 ry Year ; and if you afk them why they build 
 not their Houfes farther from one another, ' 
 they tell you that their Anceftors did not, 
 that they endeavour'd to imitate them, for ' 
 they were wifer than they are now. 
 
 In every Town, almoft, they have a large 
 Thing like a Drum, called a Tantong^ which l^"'""*^ (* 
 they beat only on the Approach of an Ene- ^^^'' 
 my, or fome very extraordinary Occafion, to 
 call the neighbouring Towns to their Aflift- 
 
 ance.
 
 no TRAVELS into the 
 
 1732. ance. This fame Tantong can, in the Night- 
 Time, be heard fix or feven Miles. 
 
 They are naturally very jocofe and mer- 
 ry, and will dance to a Drum or a Balafeu 
 Natives fomecimes four and twenty Hours together, 
 given to jancing now and then very regular, and at 
 
 Mirth and & . . j j V- /l a • • 
 
 Dancing. Other Times in very odd Geitures, Itnving 
 always to outdo one another in Nimblenefs 
 and Adivity. 
 
 They are very fubjed to fcold with one 
 another, which they call fighting, for if two 
 Perfons abufe each other very heartily, they 
 call it a great Fight, and are generally a good 
 while before they come to Blows, which how- 
 Yet apt to ^^'^^ ^^^^ fometimes happen ; and then they 
 quarrel, do fight in Earned, either with Knives, Sa- 
 gays, or Cutlafles, whichsoever they are pro- 
 vided with, and they very often kill one ano- 
 ther i but when that happens, the Murderer 
 flies to another Kingdom, and that King al- 
 ways protects him, and looks upon him kind- 
 ly, and treats him as one of his own Subjeds. 
 
 Some People have a good many Houfe- 
 
 Slaves, which is , their gieateft Glory, and 
 
 they live fo well and cafy, that it is fometimes 
 
 a very hard Matter to know the Slaves from 
 
 ■ their Mailers or Miftrefles ; they very often 
 
 Eafy Con- being better cloathed, efpecially the Females, 
 
 dition of who have fometimes Coral, Amber, and Sil- 
 
 Slaves. v(.j. about their Hands and Wrifts, to the 
 
 Value of twenty or thirty Pounds Sterling. 
 
 Pjog5 In the rainy Seafon, at Night, the Frogs, 
 
 large and of which ihcrc are-vaft Numbers, and much 
 Icud larger
 
 Inland Tarts c/ A F R I C A. 1 1 i 
 
 larger than thofe in England^ make as much 1732. 
 Noife as a Pack of Hounds, and at a good 
 Diftance is not much unlike it. 
 
 Both Men and Women, efpecially the lat- 
 ter, take a great Delight in carrying a Bun- Fancy of 
 die of fmall Keys about them, tied round J^''''yi"S 
 their Middles, only for the Sake of being ^^^' 
 thought rich. 
 
 On the loth, we arriv'd at Tanimarev)^ 
 which is the pleafanteft Port in the whole Ri- 
 ver, being delightfully fhaded by Palm and 
 Ciboa Trees, the Leaves of which are made Tanima- 
 ufe of for covering Houfes, and are called [5'^^ ^ j^^' 
 Palmetto. Plere the Company have a fmall pqj.^" 
 Houfe, with a Black Fa<5lor, to purchafe 
 Corn for the Ufe of the Fort. In 1734 fcve- 
 ral feparate Traders coming to Joar^ and find- 
 ing themfelves ill ufed by Serin Donfo, the chief 
 Broker, they one and all came up to this 
 Place, and made the Merchants bring up 
 their Slaves from Joar after them, which had 
 like to have occafioned a Quarrel between the 
 King of Tany and the King of BarfalU^ the 
 latter thinking that the former had fent Mef- 
 fengers to decoy the Ships from his Port 
 of Joar. 
 
 On the 15th, we left Tanimarew, and . 
 proceeded up to Cajfan, a little above it, 
 where, about three Weeks before, the New 
 England Scooner was cut off by the Natives. 
 As foon as we arrived there, Mr Harrifon '^"' 
 and I went afhore, where, when the whole 
 Town was come about us, Mr Harrifon 
 demanded the Slattee to give him an Ac- 
 count
 
 112 TRAVELS into the 
 
 1732- couni how he diired to kill Capt. Major, of 
 the A^ezu England Scooner : To which he an- 
 Iwer'd, as near as I could tranflate it, in the 
 following Manner. 
 
 Relationof '' SoM E Years ago this Place was a Port 
 
 theAiurdtr " of great Trade, which made a gfeat mafty 
 
 of Capt. cc Ships refort hither ^ who often ufed us 
 
 ^'"' " very ill, by carrying away feveral of out 
 
 " Friends and Relations by Force, without 
 
 '* any Provocation. Even laft Year Capt. 
 
 *' Stoneham carried away one of my own Ne- 
 
 *' phews, becaufe Seignior Chcqiio Vofs^ a Por- 
 
 " tuguefe^ who lives in this Town, was not fo 
 
 *' good as his Promile, in bringing him 
 
 '* Urade by the Time limited. Now lately, 
 
 *' this New England Scooner began alfo to 
 
 *' impofc upon me in the following Manner. 
 
 '' Soon after it arrived at my Port, the King 
 
 '* of Lower Tany, in whofe Dominion this 
 
 Town is, fent a Slave to me to fell for him, 
 
 which I carried aboard the Scooner, to 
 
 Capt Alajor ; but he having no very good 
 
 Goods, at lead not fuch as I liked, made 
 
 me defer felling him, till fuch Time as I 
 
 *' could acquaint the King what Sort of 
 
 " Goods he had; upon which the Captain de* 
 
 *■' iir'd I would leave the Slave aboard till the 
 
 " King's Anfwer came, which I accordingly 
 
 *' did. At length I receiv'd Orders from the 
 
 " King not to fell the Slave, for he did not 
 
 ** like the Captain*s Goods. Upon that, I 
 
 "■ went on board, and told the Mcffage to 
 
 *' the Captain ; at which he fell into a great 
 
 *' Pafilon, and would not let me take the 
 
 ** Slave out of the Scooner. 1 did not fay 
 
 " much to the Captain, but came home, 
 
 " called 
 
 " wl 
 
 ii
 
 Inland Tarts <?/ A F R I C A. 113 
 
 ** Called all my People together, told i732» 
 
 *' them the Cafe, and then we reckon'd up 
 
 *' the many Injuries we had received from 
 
 *' other feparate Traders, and at laft we re- 
 
 *« folved to take the Scooner, which we did 
 
 *' the next Morning. In the Adion the Cap- 
 
 *' tain was killed, for which I am very forry ; 
 
 *' but as for the reft of the Men which were 
 
 " on board the Scooner, I gave them the 
 
 ** Boat and fome Provifions, and let them go 
 
 " where they pleafcd.'* 
 
 This Scooner belonged chiefly to one 
 Capt. Moore, of New England, who was then 
 trading in a Sloop at the Port of Tamyama- 
 cunda. The Men, when the Slattee gave 
 them the Boat, went up to him thither, 
 where he made a very profitable Voyage. 
 
 This was the Speech of the Slattee, by which 
 we found the Natives refolved to defend what 
 they had done ; and we not having Strength 
 fufficient to reduce them, were glad to go on 
 board and proceed on our V^oyage. Defcrlpt. 
 
 of Cajjan-, 
 
 CAS SAN is a fmall Town on the North 
 Side of the River Gambia, pleafantly fituated 
 about a Mufquet Shot from the Water- fide, 
 about three Tides above Joar, fortified with 
 a great Number of Sticks fet in the Ground, Occurren- 
 and filled with Clay, there being Holes left *=^^ ^^^^'■^• 
 for Mufquets, and Watch-Towers at proper 
 Diftances. This was a noted Town for doing 
 Mifchief, was always at War with fome of 
 their Neighbours, and would often feize upon 
 the Company's Meflengers and Merchants, as 
 they were on the Road to Cower, with their 
 
 I the
 
 114 TRAVELS into the 
 
 1732- Slaves. In the Year 1724 moft of the Pe(> 
 pie of this Town were taken Prifoners, and 
 the Slatcee, whofe Name was Maikamarr, 
 was obliged to fly, and lives now retired at a 
 Place called Medina, up the River Sa7ny -, and 
 fince that Time People have p.ifled peaceably 
 through the Town, being at this Time cnier 
 of the civileft in the whole River. 
 
 Brueoe On the i6th, in the Evening, we arriv'd 
 
 Fadlory. ^j- £rucoe^ which lies on the South Side of the' 
 River, in the Country of Jemarrow^ about 
 half a Mile from the Water •, between which 
 the Company are now building a Factory, 
 under the Diredion of MelT. Galafid and John/on. 
 
 Dubocunda ^^ ftayed at Brueoe about three Days, and 
 then went on our Way up the River j when 
 we came to Dubocunda we went afhore, and 
 after having a Conference with the People, 
 about the Fadory now fettleing at Brueoe, it 
 being under the Care of this Town, by reafon 
 the head Men of the Country live here, we 
 made them Prefents, and then went on board. 
 
 Defcribed. J^UBOCUNDA lies on the South Side of 
 ' the River, about nine Miles from 5r^/co^ ; it 
 is divided into two Parts, or, if you pleafe, 
 into two diftincl: Towns; one of which is for- 
 tified with a vafl: Number of Ciboa Trees, 
 fix'd in the Ground, and Clay fluffed in be- 
 tween, to ftrengthen it, fo that it is little in- 
 ferior to a Brick Wall. The other Town is 
 only furroundcd with a Cane Cirk, much like 
 our Engli/J) Hurdles, faftened up with a great 
 Number of Sticks, as almoft all the Gambia 
 Towns and Fadtories too are furroundcd with. 
 
 The
 
 Inland Tarts <?/ A F R I C A. 115 
 
 The People live in the open Town till fuch 1732- 
 Time as they are hotly at War with any „ 
 others, and then they fly into that which is ^^^ 
 fortified, that being their lad Shift. Thefe are 
 a very rebellious Sort of People, and have a 
 King of their own, whom they call Siima^ 
 having driven the lawful Emperor of Jemar- 
 row out of his Town, to the very Borders of 
 the Country, where he lives retir'd, and 
 dares not come any Diftance from home. 
 
 On the 20th, we arrived at Cuiiejarr, ^ .. 
 about ten Leagues above Duhocunda. It lies 
 on the North Side of the River •, the Town 
 is a Mile from the River Side, between which 
 the Company had once a Fadory ; but being 
 overflowed in or about the Year 1725, by 
 which the Company loft a great many Goods, 
 they moved it to Samy^ about eight Miles Samy. 
 from Cuttejarr by Land, but by Water a 
 great deal farther. 
 
 The next Day we arrived at Samy River's 
 Mouth, which is on the North Side of the 
 River ; it is famous for great Numbers of -^'^^gators 
 AUegators, infomuch that there is a great deal ^^Z- 
 of Mifchief done by them every Year. About vous. 
 twelve Miles up the River is the Town of 
 Samy^ noted for good Trade : The Company S°°? c 
 had here a Facflory under Mr James LemoAgre^ ^ 
 a Frenchman^ who bought a great many Slaves, 
 and remitted them to James Fort, at a fettled 
 Price : He dying in the Year 1733, one Va- 
 lentitie Mendez, a Black Porttiguefe^ contracted 
 with the Company to remit them Slaves at a 
 certain Price, and now lives at his own Houfe 
 at Wallia, about four Miles above Samy. I 
 I 2 went
 
 ii6 TRAVELS into the 
 
 1732. went up with Mr Harrifon to Samy Town, 
 where by the Way we Hiw vaft Numbers of 
 Allegators, efpecially upon Ibme Iflands which 
 are near the Mouth of the River. 
 
 O N the 26th, as we were weighing, we 
 Anchor loft our Anchor by a large Tree lying at the 
 loft. Bottom of the River. About Noon we arri- 
 
 ved at 7'amyamacunda^ and went afhore foon 
 after. The next Evening Mr Harrifon proceed- 
 ed on his Voyage up the River. For feveral 
 Nights we had a great deal of Lightning. 
 
 O N the 6th of May^ at Night, I was vi- 
 May. fited by a Mtimbo Jimho^ an Idol, which is 
 Numbo among the Miwdingoes a kind of a cunning 
 Jumbo, Myftery. It is drefled in a long Coat made 
 ous"ldoL' ^^ ^^<^ Bark of Trees, with a Tuft of fine 
 Straw on the Top of it, and when the Pcrfon 
 wears it, it is about eight or nine Foot high. 
 This is a Thing invented by the Men to keep 
 The Bug- th^ir Wives in awe, who are fo ignorant (or 
 bear of at leaft are obliged to pretend to be fo) as 
 Wives, to take it for a Wild Man ; and indeed no 
 one but what knows it, would take it to be 
 a Man, by reafon o\ the difmal Noife it makes, 
 and which but few of the Natives can manage. 
 It never comes abroad but in the Night-time, 
 Manage- which makes it have the better Effed. When- 
 "^^"'* ever tlie Men have any Difpute with the Wo- 
 men, this Mumho Jumbo is fent for to deter- 
 mine it •, which is, I may fay, always in Fa- 
 vour of the Men, Whoever is in the Coat, 
 can order the others to do what he pleafes, 
 either fight, kill, or make Prifoner ; but 
 it muft be obfcrved, that no one is allow- 
 ed to come armed into its Prefence. When 
 
 the
 
 Inland Tarts of AFRICA. ii; 
 
 the Women hear it coming, they run away 1732. 
 and hide themfelves •, but if you are acquaint- 
 ed with the Perfon that has the Coat on, he 
 will fend for them all to come and fit down, 
 and fing or dance, as he pleafes to order 
 them •, and if any refufe to come, he will fend ' 
 
 the People for them, and then whip them. 
 Wheneven any one enters into this Society, Initiation, 
 they fwear in the moft folemn manner never 
 to divulge it to any Woman, or any Perfon ^^^^^^' 
 that is not enter'd into it, which they never 
 allow to Boys under fixteen Years of Age. 
 This thing the People fwear by, and the Oath 
 is fo much obferved by them, that they reckon j, 
 as irrevocable, as the Gredatts thought 7^''^^ did j-gnce! 
 of old, when he fwore by the River Sl^x. 
 
 About the Year 1727, the Kingof 7^^r^, Tragicat 
 having a very inquifitive Woman to his Wife, Story, 
 was fo weak as to difclofe to her the whole 
 Secrets of this Myflery, and fhe, being a 
 Goffip, revealed it to fome other Women of 
 her Acquaintance, which at laft came to the 
 Ears of fome who were no Friends to the 
 King. They confulted upon it, and fearing 
 that if the thing once took Vent, they fhould 
 not be able to govern their Wives fo well as 
 they otherwife would, they took the Coat, 
 put a Man into it, went to the King's Town, 
 lent for him out, taxed him with it ; he not 
 denying it, they fent for his Wife, and upon 
 the Spot killed them both : So the poor Man 
 died for obliging his Wife, and the poor Wo- 
 man for her Curiofity. 
 
 There are very few Towns of any Note The Idol 
 but what have got one of thefe Coats, which common. 
 I 3 in
 
 ii8 TRAVELS into the 
 
 1732. in the Day-time is fixt upon a large Stick 
 near the Town, where it continues till Night, 
 the proper Time of ufing it. 
 
 On the loth came down the Fame Sloop 
 from Fatatenda^ where fhe was with Mr Hugh 
 Slave ta- Ha?7iilioti. The next Day one of the Corn- 
 ken bv a pany's Slaves, as he was wafhing himfelf at 
 '^^ the Fort, was carried away by a Crocodile ; 
 
 and about two Days after the Fame Sloop 
 failed down the River, with Mr John Brown, 
 to aflift Mr James Davis, Fador at Joar. 
 
 On the 16th, as I was angling at the Port, 
 I was furprized with feeing a Crocodile catch 
 at, and bite a large Filh in two thro' the 
 middle. 
 
 June. On the loth of 7^/;?^, the ^^i^^«/«r(f Sloop, 
 
 John Leach Mafter, came down hither with 
 
 Mr Harrifon •, he feem'd to fiy, that he had 
 
 been about two and twenty Leagues above 
 
 Fatatenda in the Sloop's Boat, to difcover this 
 
 River, at which Place he found a Ledge of 
 
 'Table Rocks, which hindcr'd him from going 
 
 any farther. At Night I vifitcd Mr Harrifon 
 
 on Board the Sloop ; during the Time we had 
 
 lornaJ.o, ^ very dreadful Tornado, in which a Sort of 
 
 witii large Flies with long Wings came on Board in 
 
 flraiige f^ch prodigious Numbers, that flying into the 
 
 ^'^'" Flames of the Candles, the Table was fooii 
 
 cover'd with thofe that burnt their Wings ; 
 
 and others which were not burnt, as they 
 
 walked along the Table fhed their Wings, 
 
 and then were nothing but fo many perfe6l 
 
 large Maggots. We faw alfo feveral other 
 
 Inlccts, fome of which I have here repre- 
 
 fcntcd. O M
 
 Inland- Tarts ^/AFRICA. \i^ 
 
 O N the 24th, the ^vftr Gawhid began to 1732. 
 rife and grow muddy, the Stream always ran 
 down, and no Tide came up. Soon after I 
 went on Horfeback from Tam'^amacunda to 
 BaJJy Port, in order to go to Nackway, 
 where Mr Conner and I had a Portuguefe Ser- 
 vant fettled to make Trade for the Company; 
 the reafon of my going was to infpecfl into his 
 Behaviour, and to examine his Accompts. This 
 Port of Bajfy lies in the Kingdom of Tomany, BaJyVort 
 on the South Side of the River Gambia^ about 
 a Tide and half above Tamyamacunda by Wa- 
 ter, and about fifteen Miles by Land ; all the 
 Way to it is very woody, and in the midil 
 there is a fteep Hill full of Rocks and Trees. ^^ °'* 
 I lay all Night in one of the Natives Huts, 
 and the next Morning, leaving my Horfe 
 here, crofs'd the River in a fmall Canoa, and 
 walked to Nackzvay, being about fevea Miles, Nackway, 
 fituated in the Kingdom of Upper Tany^. on 
 the North Side, and about a Quarter ofa Mile 
 from the River. It has formerly been a Town Defcribed. 
 of great Trade, but fince the feparate Tra- 
 ders have been allowed to trade in the River, 
 it is much decay'd, and now the Merchants 
 do frequently march thro' this Town towards 
 Cower with their Slaves. Half the W'ay from 
 Bajpj Port to Nackway is thro' Woods, but 
 the other half is over a fine large Savannah, 
 without any Trees, except one or two here 
 and there, and in the rainy Seafon it is gene- 
 rally under Water. 
 
 O N my Arrival at Nackwaj they wel- 
 comed me with fome Mufick called a Ba- ^aUfeu 
 lafeu^ which at about an hundred Yards di- J^r^^? , 
 fiance founds fomething like a fmall Organ. 
 I 4 Ic
 
 lio TRAVELS mto the 
 
 1732. It is compofed of about twenty Pipes of very 
 hard Wood, finely rubbed and polifhed j which 
 Pipes diminifh by little and little both in 
 Length and Breadth, and are tied together 
 with Thongs made of very thin fine Leather. 
 Thefe Thongs are twilled about fmall round 
 "Wands, which are put between every one of 
 thofe Pipes, in order to leave a fmall Space. 
 Underneath the Pipes are faftned twelve or 
 fourteen Calabaflies of different Sizes, which 
 have the fame Effedl as Organ-Pipes. This 
 they play upon with two Sticks, which arc 
 cover'd with a thin Skin out of a Ciboa-Tree 
 Trunk, or with fine Leather, to make the 
 Sound lefs harlh. Both Men and Women 
 dance to this Mufick, and very much like it, 
 and they are highly delighted to have a White 
 Man dance with them, or drink with them ; 
 but if the Liquor belongs to a White Man, 
 which they are not very well acquainted with, 
 they are very cautious how they drink, always 
 making him drink the firft Glafs, for fear of 
 being poifoned. 
 
 Charader The Natives, really, are not fo difagree- 
 of the able in their Behaviour as we are apt to ima- 
 Natives.^ gine i for when I went thro' any of their 
 Towns, they almoft all came to fhake Hands 
 with mc, except lome of the Women, wha 
 having never feen any White Men, ran away 
 from me as fiift as they could, and would not 
 by any Means be perfwaded to come near me. 
 Some of them invited me to their Houfes, and 
 brought their Wives and Daughters to falute 
 me, and fit down by me, always finding things 
 about me to gape at and admire, fuch as Boots, 
 b'purs, Gloves, Clothes or Wig, each of them 
 
 being
 
 Inland Tarts of A F R I C A. 121 
 
 being to them Subjefts of Difcourfe and Ad- « 73?« 
 miration. 
 
 The Girls would have People think they of the Fe- 
 are very modeft, efpecially when they are in males. 
 Company ; but take them by themfelves, and 
 they are very obliging •, for if you will give' . 
 them a little Coral, or a Silk Handkerchief, 
 you may take what Liberty you pleafe with 
 them : But thofe who pretend to be of the 
 Portugiiefe Religion, and therefore call them- 
 felves Chriftians, they indeed are fomewhat 
 more referved than the Mundmgoes arc. But 
 notwithftanding their Religion and Chriftianity 
 too, if any White Man has a Fancy to any of 
 them, and is able to maintain them, they will 
 make no Scruple of living with him in the 
 Nature of a Wife, v/ithout the Ceremony of 
 Matrimony. 
 
 The Men commonly wear Swords flung Men dex- 
 over their Right shoulders, others carry Sagays tJ'ous at 
 or Spears, about three Yards long ; others ^^^^• 
 have Bows and Arrows, but all of them wear 
 Knives flung by their Sides -, and, indeed, I 
 have obferved, that they are very dextrous at , 
 ufing whatever Sort of Weapon they carry ; 
 which, I am forry to fay, is more than a great 
 many young Fellows in England are ; for, I 
 believe, there are many Hundreds who wear 
 Swords, that would, upon occafion, be puzzled 
 which Way to ufe them. 
 
 Their Manner of Salutation is. Shaking Ccremo- 
 Hands ; but generally, when the Men falute"ies. 
 the Women, they, inftead of fliaking their 
 Hands, put it up to their Nofes, and fmell 
 
 twice
 
 122 TRAVELS into the 
 
 ^7o^- twice to the Back of it. And nothing can 
 
 affront them fo much as to falute them with 
 
 Of Wives your left Hand. When a Man has been a 
 
 to Hus- Day or two from home, the Wife falutes him 
 
 ^^'^^^- on her Knees at his Return, and in the fame 
 
 -" Poflure fhe always brings him Water to drink. 
 
 This, I believe, is the Effeft of, what I before 
 
 mention'd, Mumbo Jumbo. 
 
 Manners TnosE Natives who live high up the 
 iraprov'd. River, have a much better Charafter than they 
 had formerly : For it is reported, that they 
 ufed to lay their Pipes or Calabafhes under 
 your Feet or Chair (even in your own Houfe) 
 on purpofe to have them broke, and then to 
 infill on being p-aid above twenty times the 
 Worth of the Commodity ; and if you deny 
 paying it, they infill upon your giving them 
 the very fime thing which you broke ; that 
 being impoffible to comply with, you muft of 
 NecelTity acquiefce to whatever Demands they 
 make, unlefs you have Friends enough among 
 them to diflwade them from fuch Impofition. 
 
 When any Perfon brings you Eggs or 
 Fowls to buy, it is imprudent to kill or make 
 ufe of any of them, before the Perfon you buy 
 them of is aflually gone away, for it feems 
 Old Cu- \i vvas a Cuflom in this Country (and not yet 
 ^^' thoroughly repealed) that whatever Commo- 
 dity a Man fells in the Morning, he tnay, if 
 he repents his Bargain, go and have the things 
 rciurn'd lo him again, on his paying back the 
 Money any time before the fetting of the Sun 
 the lame Day •, and this Cuflom is ilill in force 
 very high up the River, but here below it is 
 at prefent pretty well worn out. However I 
 
 fliall
 
 Inland Tarts e?/ A F R I C A. 113 
 
 fhall here give an Account how a Gentleman, 1732. 
 who had the Honour of being at the Head 
 of the Company's Affairs here, was ferved at 
 this very Town of Nacki^a'j. 
 
 Not above twelve Years ago he went up S^°''y ^^^2- 
 in a Sloop on a Trading Voyage to Nackway-, J'"^ ^ * 
 where he got a Hut built, and took hisGoods 
 afliore to trade with. It happen'd that one 
 Morning a Man brought a Cow to fell to him, 
 which he bought for an Iron Barr ; foon after 
 he bought it, he cut the Cow's Tail off, which 
 being carried to the Ears of the Fellow that 
 fold the Cow, he refolved to make a Handle 
 of it, in order to extort Money from the Go- 
 vernor. Accordingly about Noon the fame 
 Day he came to the Port of Nackway in a 
 feeming good Humour, and a great Number 
 of People with him, with a plaufible Story, 
 that as he was going the next Day to marry 
 one of his Daughters to a young Man for 
 whom he had a great Regard, and had nothing 
 to make him a Prefent of, he therefore had 
 thought better of it, and was not willing to 
 fell his Cow, as he intended, and fo defir'd he 
 might have it return'd to him. The Gover- 
 nor not dreaming of the Plot, immediately 
 order'd one of his Servants to bring the Cow, 
 and return it to the Perfon who brought it. 
 Accordingly the Cow was produced, at which 
 the Fellow feem'd furpriz'd, and told the Go- 
 vernor that that was not his Cow. The Go- 
 vernor told him it was. How can that be, fays 
 he, my Cow bad a Tail on when I brought her to 
 you this Morning. It is 'very true, quoth the 
 Governor, when I bought it Jhe had a Tail •■, but 
 when I had paid for her^ I cut the Tail off. 
 
 Howj
 
 124 TRAVELS into the 
 
 1732. How^ fays the Fellow, durft you have the /IJw 
 ranee to cut off my Cozv's Tail without my Leave? 
 lvalue the Cow and her Tail at three hundred 
 Barrs, and that Sum you Jhall pay me before you 
 Jiir from this Place. The Governor was very 
 much out of Humour (to be fure) and endea- 
 vour'd to prove, that after he had paid for 
 the Cow fhe belong'd to him -, but it was all 
 to no purpofe, for every one prefent gave it 
 againft him (expefting to come in for a Snack 
 of the Money) and fo he was obliged to go 
 to his Store, and pay the Fellow three hundred 
 Barrs for only docking the Cow's Tail. After 
 he had paid the Money he ftay'd at the Port 
 without taking any Notice of the Affront, and 
 when he had got his Complement of Slaves, 
 he very civilly took his Leave of the People, 
 without fo much as mentioning the Affront 
 put upon him, and failed down to James 
 Fort. 
 
 For a Year, or more, this Affair flcpt, in- 
 fomuch that the People of Nackway thought 
 it was all over and forgot *, but at lad they 
 found themfelves much mill:aken, tor the Go- 
 vernor fitted out a pretty large Sloop with 
 twelve Guns, and a good many Hands, and 
 gave out fhe was going on a Trading Voyage 
 up the River, he himfelf embarked on Board 
 her privately, left tlie Natives fhould know 
 of it, and carry the News up the River, 
 which, ])robabiy, would have deterr'd them 
 from coming on Board. The Sloop proceed- 
 ed flowly up the River, trading at every Port, 
 the Ciovernor not lliowing himfelf to any, but 
 as ibort as he came 10 anchor at the Port of 
 Nackway^ the Captain was fent afhore to tell 
 
 the
 
 Inland Tarts of AFRIC A, 125 
 
 the Natives that he had got a fine Cargo of 1752. 
 Goods on Board, in order to purchafe Slaves, 
 and fo defired fome to come and take their 
 Cuftom. Accordingly fix of the greateft Men 
 in the Town went on Board, when being con- 
 duced by the Captain into the Cabbin, they 
 were not a little, nor very agreeably, furpri- 
 zed to fee the Governor ; one of thefe fix 
 People was the Owner of the Cow's Tail, 
 which the Governor paid fo dear for ; him 
 and four others the Governor order'd to be 
 put in Irons, and then fent the fixth afhore 
 to tell the People, that he was come up in 
 order to receive Satisfadlion for the Money 
 extorted from him for cutting off his own 
 Cow's Tail. When the Boat was put off, he 
 order*d thirteen great Guns to be fired, in or- 
 der to let the People know that he was not 
 without Strength. They judging it imprac- 
 ticable to pretend to cope with a Vefilfl of 
 fuch Force, fent him ten prime Slaves, which 
 at thirty Barrs/'^r Head, amounts to juft the 
 Sum which the Governor paid for the Cow. 
 They at the fame time acknowledged their 
 Error, and faid they were juilly ferved for 
 fuffering People to impofe upon White Men, 
 efpecially thofe who were fo Good Friends to 
 them as the Company was. The Governor 
 cleared the five Men, but did not much care 
 to go afhore, yet he made a great deal of 
 Trade aboard the Sloop, and carried it fo fair 
 and obliging to them, that they never refented 
 this Trick, but have ever fince behaved as ci- 
 villy as any other People on the whole River. 
 
 On the Sth of Jidyy in the Morning, Capt. 
 Bop Mafter of the Fa?7ie Sloop, and Mr. Pbi- 
 
 lip
 
 1^6 T RAV EL S into the 
 
 1732. lip G aland, one of the Company's Chiefs at 
 Brucoe, came hither over Land from thence 
 on Horfeback, to acquaint us that the Fame 
 had on Board her one hundred Meafures of 
 Salt, and two hundred Gallons of Rum for 
 thisFaftory, but that the Freflies were already 
 fo ftrong that he had much ado with his Sloop 
 to reach Brucoe. We defired Mr Galand to 
 have it taken afhore at his Fadory, till we 
 had an Opportunity of feiiding for it. MefT. 
 Bojs and Galand llay'd with us about four 
 Days, and then return'd to Brucoe, with whom 
 my Colleague Mr Conner went, in order to 
 fend up the Rum and Salt by a Canoa, if 
 polTible. 
 
 On the i6th, in the Night, we had a very 
 Tornado, violent Tornado, which blowed down an 
 Outhoufe in which my Predeceffors ufed to 
 keep their Cotton, which about a Year or 
 two ago they bought here, for the Company, 
 in great Quantities, but finding it not to an- 
 fwer their iixpedations, we had now Orders 
 to purchafe none but what is cleaned from 
 the Seeds, which the Natives are too lazy 
 to do. 
 
 On the 28th, we receiv'd our Rum from 
 Brucoe, by a Canoa which we hir'd at Safnj^ 
 with fix young Fellows to row it. Our Rea- 
 fon for having this Liquor brought here fo 
 ^"dC^m ^*^°"* ^^^' ^^^ being one of the beft Com- 
 Sodity°'"' '""O'^i'^i^s we can have to trade with in the 
 rainy Scafon, 
 
 jiugujl. O N the id of ylu^ujl, I receiv'd Advice 
 
 that Mr Edward Pders^ Afliftant to Mr 
 
 Hugh
 
 Inland Tarts of AFRICA, 1 27 
 
 Hugh Hamilton, the Company's Facflor at 1732. 
 Fatatenda, died about three Days ago. Asy, p 
 foon as he was dead, the Alcade of the nextdies. 
 Town came to the Factory, and demanded 
 his Bed and Bedding, according to the Cuf- Herriot 
 torn of the Country, which they were obliged t^^^"- 
 to comply v/ith. 
 
 It is cuftomary, when Faftories are fet-obferva- 
 tled, to put them, and the Perfons belonging bleCuftom 
 to them, under the Charge of the People of 
 the neareft large Town, who are obliged to 
 take Care of it, and to let none impofe upon 
 the White Men, or ufe them ill, and if any 
 Body is abufed, they mufb apply to the Al- 
 cade, the head Man of the Town, and he 
 will fee Juftice done you. 
 
 This Man is, up the River, called Tohauho 
 Manfa, which is, in Engli[Jj, the White Man's 
 King. But in moil Parts of the River he isPowerand 
 called Alcade, and hath a great Power : For^^"^^^"^^ 
 every Town almoil having two common ^^^1^^^ ^^" 
 Fields of cleared Ground, one for their Corn 
 and the other for their Rice, the Alcade ap- 
 points the Labour of all the People, he being 
 in the Nature of a Governor. The Men 
 work the Corn Ground, and the Women and 
 Girls the Rice Ground ; as they all equally 
 labour, fo the Alcade equally divides the 
 Crop among them; but, I find, that in cafe 
 any are in Want of Corn, the others fupply 
 them, fo that unlefs there is a general Famine, 
 there is no Fear of their Starving. This Al- 
 cade decides all Quarrels, and has the firfl: 
 Voice in all Conferences, concerning Things 
 belonging to his Town. If a Perfon wants 
 
 any
 
 liS TRAVELS into the 
 
 1732. any Thing to be done by a good Number of 
 People, the bed Way is to apply to the Al- 
 cade, who will agree with you about it, and 
 order People to make Difpatch with it ; but 
 if a Faftor does not take Care to keep in 
 with the Alcade, he will feldom or never get 
 Things done as they ought to be. The Al- 
 cade's is a very beneficial Place, for both the 
 Company and feparate Traders pay a Cuftom 
 for every Slave they buy, fometimes one Barr 
 per Head, fometimes not ^c) much, but that is 
 according to the Place you are at. This 
 Month we had every Night Wolves and Ty- 
 gers continually howling near the Fadory. 
 
 On the 30th, I was invited to the Burial 
 of a Great Man of this Country, who this 
 Ridiculous ^o^ning died fuddenly. And here, I believe. 
 Belief of it will not be improper to obferve, that every 
 theNatives Body who died in this Country fince I came, 
 the Natives are fo fuperditious as to believe 
 them killed by Witches, except only this 
 Man who died this Morning, and he, they 
 do allow, died by the Hands of the Almigh- 
 Solcmn ty, for breaking his Vow, which, I muftob- 
 ^'°^* ferve, they are very apt to make, and in fo 
 folemn a Manner, that in Remembrance of 
 fuch Vow, they wear an Iron Manelio on 
 their Wrift, that they may be put in Mind 
 not to forget it. This Man, about a Year 
 ago, had a Prefent made him of a Man-Slave, 
 upon which he vowed never to part with 
 him upon any Account, and wore a twifted 
 Iron Manelio on his right Wrift. About a 
 Breach of w'eck before his Death, not out of any For- 
 ** ' getfulnefs of his Vow, but purely to buy 
 Corn for the Subfiftcnce of his numerous Fa- 
 mily,
 
 Inland Tarts of AV RICK. up 
 
 mily, he unadvifcdly went and fold the Slave, 1732. 
 which he had vowed never to part with, and 
 dying fuddenly, the Natives allowed that 
 God Almighty killed him, for breaking his 
 Vow. I went to the Burial, which Was thus : 
 They dug a Hole between fix ^nd {Qvtn Foot form of 
 long, three deep, and two broad, in which ^""^^• 
 they very decently laid the Corps, tied up in 
 a white Cotton Cloth, every body prefent 
 pulling off their Caps -, then they laid thin 
 fplit Sticks all acrofs the Grave, even with 
 the Surface of the Earth, and upon thefe 
 Sticks they laid Straw, to prevent the Mould 
 from going into the Grave, and upon the 
 Straw they laid the Ground which they had 
 dug out, and trampled it very hard down 
 with their Feet. 
 
 When People die, all their Friends and 
 Acquaintance come and cry over them a Day Howling 
 or two, as the Irijb do, and bury them in J^^^Y 
 the Rooms in which they die, or elfe very 
 clofe to it. Thofe of their Relations that are 
 not upon the Spot, do, out of Refpedc to the 
 Deceafed, cry and howl as much at an hun- 
 dred Miles diftant, as tho' they were a6lu- 
 ally with the Deceafed at the Time of his 
 Deceafe. 
 
 When a King, or any very great Man 
 dies, there is a Time fixed for the Cry, which 
 is fometimes a Fortnight or a Month after the 
 Deceafe ; at which Time vaft Numbers of 
 People meet at the Houfe of the Deceafed, 
 and thofe who live near it, fend Cows, vail 
 Quantities of Fov/ls and Rice, or Beef, or 
 fuch Proviiions as they can get, which is 
 
 K given
 
 ,30 TRAV ELS into the 
 
 ,732. given to all People that come, (o that for the 
 Time it lafts, there is open Houfe- keeping, 
 which fometimes is for three or four Days to- 
 gether. They begin with Crying, and at Night 
 they go to Singing andDancing, and continue 
 fo doing lill the Time they break up and depart. 
 
 J^Tfi^d' These People are naturally pretty healthy, 
 and multiply apace, neverthelefs they have 
 various Diflempers among them ; the Fe- 
 
 Difeafes. ver. Small Pox, King's Evil, Worms, Pains 
 in the Head, and Swellings in one of their 
 Legs, infomuch that you will very often fee 
 People with one Leg as big as their Middle, 
 which, I am informed, proceeds from fomc 
 Herbs put in their VicTiuals, by one another, 
 on purpofe to create Affedion. And what 
 makes it the more likely to be fo, is, that 
 none but grown Perfons are afflidted with this 
 Diftemper. 
 
 I KNEW a young Woman up the River, 
 
 about the Age of Twenty, who, in lefs than 
 
 Story of two Months Time had a white Worm come 
 
 Worms in out of each Knee, above a Yard in Length ; 
 
 the lower before the Worm began to appear, it was ex- 
 
 ^"^* ceeding painful to her, and fwelled much, but 
 
 when the Skin broke, and the Worm peeped 
 
 out, it was much eafier; the Worm came out 
 
 about fix or fevcn Inches in a Day, as faft as 
 
 it came, they wound it upon a fmall Bit of 
 
 Stick, and tied it with Thread, or knit a Knot 
 
 with the Worm itfelf, to prevent it's going 
 
 in again. Soon afterwards the fime Perfon 
 
 had another Worm coming out of her Ancle, 
 
 but with pulling it out too haflily, it broke, 
 
 and put the young Woman to a vaft deal of 
 
 Pain.
 
 Inland Tarts /^AFRICA. 131 
 
 Pain. The Natives tell me that thefe Worms 1732' 
 are bred with drinking thick Water. 
 
 When a Child is new born they dip him Way of 
 over Head and Ears, in cold Water, three treating 
 or four Times in a Day, and as foon as they new-born 
 are dry, they rub them over with Palm Oyl, Ii^^^^^s- 
 particularly the Back-Bone, Small of the 
 Back, Elbows, Neck, Knees, and Hips. 
 When they are born they are of an Olive 
 Colour, and fometimes do not turn black for 
 a Month or two. 
 
 ■ 1 
 
 I D o not find that they are born with flat Caufe of 
 Nofes, but if it is the Mother's Fancy to have flat Nofes. 
 it fo, Jhe will, when fhe wafhes the Child, \ 
 pinch and prefs down the upper Part of ics^ 
 Nole. 
 
 Large Breafts, thick Lips, and broad Beauties ^^ 
 Noftrils are by many reckon'd the Beauties ^^^"^° ^'-'^ 
 of the Country. One Breafl: is generally ; r m' ^^<j^ ^ 
 larger than the other. 
 
 The Children go Hark naked till they are Childhood 
 eight or nine Years old, and fome arc pinkt 
 in their Faces and Breads for Ornament. 
 
 They give away their Daughters when^ 
 they are very young, fome as foon as they Females 
 are born, and the Parents can never after- "^^"'^ •■ ^ 
 wards break the Match; but it is in the ^^^^^ 
 Man's Power never to come and take his 
 Wife, unlefs he pleafes, and unlefs he is fo 
 generous as to give her Leave, fhe cannot, 
 nay dares not, marry any other. They gene- 
 rally take their Wives very young i before 
 
 K 2 they 
 
 r.-o
 
 132 TRAVELS hito the 
 
 1732- they do fo, they are obliged to pay the Pa- 
 Dowry ^^^^^ o^^ the Wife two Cows, two Iron Barrs, 
 and two hundred Cola, a Fruit that comes 
 FxuitCoIa. a vaft Way in-land, unlike in Tafte to 
 any I ever faw, but is an exceeding good 
 Bitter, and much relembles, in Shape, a 
 Horfe-Chelhut when the Skin is offi eating 
 this Fruit reliflies Water. 
 
 Marriage When the Man takes home his Wife he 
 Fcaft, Be. makes a Feaft at his Houfe, to which every 
 Body that is willing comes without the Form 
 of an Invitation, for they don't ufe much Ce- 
 remony that Way, and there they play and 
 dance for three or four Days fucceflively, the 
 Woman being brought upon Men's Shoulders 
 to her Hufband's Floufe, from her Parents, 
 with a Veil over her Face, which fhe keeps 
 on till fuch Time flie has been in Bed with 
 her Hufband, during which they dance and 
 fing, beat Drums, and fire Mufquets-, and not- 
 withftanding the Woman has, perhaps, had a 
 Child or two before her Hufband took her home, 
 yet is fhe looked upon ftill as a Maid, and 
 the poor Man is fo induJgent as to accept of 
 this Impofition, notwithftanding he himfelf 
 knows it to be fuchi for if he fliould declare 
 to the People that his Wife was not a Maid 
 when he took her home, it would be looked 
 upon as a very great Scandal to him. 
 
 No marry'd Women, after they are 
 
 Abftain 3 brought to Bed, lie with their Hufbands 
 
 Years, till till three Years are expired, if the' Child 
 
 Weaning jjves fo long, at which Time they wean 
 
 ""^' their Children, and go to Bed to their 
 
 Hufbands. They fay that if a Woman lies 
 
 with
 
 Inland Tarts ^/AFRICA. 133 
 
 with her Hufband during the Time fhe has a »732' 
 Child fucking at her Bread, it fpoils the 
 Child's Milk, and makes it liable to a great 
 many Diftempers. Neverthelefs, I believe, 
 not one Woman in twenty ftays till they 
 wean their Children before they lie with a 
 Man ', and indeed I have very often feen Wo- 
 men much tenfur'd, and judged to be falfe 
 to their Hufbands Bed, upon Account only 
 of their fucking Child being ill. 
 
 Every Man is allowed to take as many Plurality 
 Wives as he pleafes, fome have no lefs than of Wives, 
 a hundred. I know a pretty large Town near 
 Brucoe, in which are none but one Man, his 
 Wives, Children, and Slaves. They are in 
 great Subjedlion to their Hufbands, but the \ 
 more on Account of Jumbo Moofa^ before de- '; 
 fcribed, and were it not for that Invention, / 
 what would the poor Men do? efpecially / 
 thofe who have fo many Wives. If they are ' 
 found lying with any other Men but their Liberty of 
 Hulbands, they are liable to be fold for ^^^°'^'^' 
 Slaves, they are turned off at Pleafure, and 
 he makes her take all her Children with her, 
 unlets he has a Mind to keep any of them 
 himfelf; if fo, he generally takes Care to 
 keep fuch as are big enough to affift him in 
 any Thing which he wants them for. And 
 even when Man and Wife have been fome 
 Years parted, he has Liberty to come and 
 take from her any of the Children which he 
 had by her. But if a Man has a Mind to part 
 with his Wife, and llie is with Child, he can- 
 not oblige her to go till fuch Time as fhe is 
 deliver'd. 
 
 K 3 It 
 
 ..>-^
 
 ,34 TRAVELS into the 
 
 1732. It is ufual to fee the Women abroad the 
 fame Day or the Morrow after they are deli- 
 Nanung. ^^^^,^ About a Month afterwards they name 
 the Child, which is done by ihaving its 
 Head, and rubbing it over with fome 
 Oyl. 
 
 Circum- Some fliort Time before thetainy Seafon 
 cifion. begins, they circumcife a great Number of 
 Boys, about twelve or fourteen Years of 
 Age, after which they put on a peculiar Ha- 
 bit, each Kingdom being different in their 
 Drefs •, from the Time of their Circumcifion, 
 to the Time of the Rains, they are allowed 
 to commit what Outrages they pleafe, with- 
 out being called to Account for it, and when 
 the firlt Rain falls, then they put on their 
 own proper Habits. 
 
 P.ainy The rainy Seafon commonly begins with 
 
 Seafon. ^j^^ Month of June, and continues till the 
 latter End of Sepie?nber, and fome times the 
 Beginning of Oolober ; the firll and latter 
 are the moft violent generally. The Wind 
 comes firft, and blows excefTive hard, for the 
 ^pacc of half an Hour or more, before any 
 Rain falls, infomuch that a Veffel may be 
 fuddenly furprized and overfet by if, but then 
 a Perfon may fee it a good while before it 
 comes, for it looks difmal and very black, 
 and the Lightnings breaking out of the 
 black Clouds, as they move flowly to- 
 wards you, makes it appear very awful. Both 
 Terrible Thunder and Lightning are very dreadful, 
 'Ihunder. ^^^^ ^^^ flalhing lb quick, makes it continu- 
 ally light, and the other fliakes the very 
 Ground under you. Whilft it rains it is ge- 
 nerally
 
 Inland "Parts ^/AFRICA. 135 
 
 nerally pretty cool, but when the Shower is 1732. 
 
 over, the Sun breaks out excefllve hot, which 
 
 induces fome Perfons to call off their Cloaths, 
 
 and lie down to fleep, but before they awake, S^",^^^ °^ 
 
 perhaps, comes another Tornado, and the 
 
 Cold ftrikes into their Bones, and gives them 
 
 Fits of Illnefs, which to a great many are 
 
 very fatal, 1 mean to White Men, for the 
 
 Natives are not liable to catch Cold fo eafily. 
 
 During the rainy Seafon the Sea-Breezes fel- 
 
 dom blow, but inftead of them Eafterly Eafterly 
 
 Winds, right down the River, which in the Winds. 
 
 Months of November^ December^ January^ and 
 
 February do generally blow very frefh, efpeci- 
 
 ally in the Day-time. 
 
 Four Months in the Year are unhealthy, Nature of 
 and very tedious to thofe who are come out the Clime, 
 of a colder Climate •■> but the perpetual 
 Spring, where you commonly fee ripe Fruit 
 and Bioffoms on the fame Tree, makes fome 
 Amends for that Inconvenience. The Air is 
 very pleafant and refrefliing, but it has fome- 
 thing fo very peculiar in it, that the Keys 
 in your Pockets will ruft. 
 
 As this River lies in the Latitude of Longitude 
 13° 20' N. and in 15° 20' W. Longitude, ^^^"^^^ ^^^^■■ 
 no Wonder that it is very hot, but the mod 
 exceffive Heat is reckon'd to be generally 
 about the latter End of May, a Fortnight or 
 three Weeks before the rainy Seafon begins. 
 The Sun is perpendicular twice in a Year, 
 and the Days are never above thirteen Hours 
 long, nor lefs than eleven, I mean from Sun- 
 rifing to Sun-fetting ; what feemed to me 
 llrange at firft, was, that as foon as it grows 
 K 4 light,
 
 1^6 TRAVELS into the 
 
 i73^' light, the Sun rifes, and as foon as it fets, 
 it grows dark •, and my being us'd to it fo 
 long in Africa^ made me think that it was 
 the lame in England, for coming home in 
 the Month of July-, and being fometimes, 
 at Sun-fet, a good Way from home, I have, 
 for Fear of being benighted, made what 
 Hade I could, and have often been there an 
 Hour before it grew dark. 
 
 On the 29th, Mr Henry Johnfont late Chief 
 at Brucoe, arrived here on his Way to Fata- 
 tenda, he being appointed Writer to Mr Hugh 
 Hamilton^ the Company's Faftor there, in the 
 room of Mr Edward Peters, who died laft 
 July. This Day the River began to fall 
 apace. 
 
 Oaober. ^ ^ the 4th of Ocloher, early in the Morn- 
 ing, Mr Johvfon, and I fet out together on 
 Horfeback for Falalenda. About Eight o' 
 Clock we pafled thro' a fmnll Town call'd 
 
 Canujiz. Crjmba, to which Town belongs a Port two 
 Miles from it, where Autonio Vofs of Tancro- 
 ''cvall every Year fends his Canoas to trade. 
 About Noon we })afred thro' the Town of 
 
 Pn//)'. Baffy, about ten Miles from Caniiha, which has 
 alio got a fine Port for Trade, to which a 
 good many Canoas come every Seafon. About 
 Tliree in the Afternoon we pafs'd thro' a fmall 
 Town ciill'd Biirdab, where the Ufurperof the 
 Kingdom of I'omany rcfidc's. Two Hours after 
 we pafs'd thro' Colar, a Town in the Kingdom 
 of Cantore ; after which we continued on the 
 SoulIi Side the Gambia fix Miles farther, when 
 we came ovcragainfl: the Fa(5lory of Fatatenda, 
 and making a Signal to the Fa(5>or, he fent 
 
 over
 
 Inland Tarts <?/ A F R I C A. 137 
 
 over a Canoa to fetch us : We fent our Horfes »732- 
 back to Colar^ and crofs'd the River, which is 
 about as wide there as the Thames at London- J^^^*" ^J 
 Bridge; it ran then with a rapid Strearn, and 
 feem'd very deep. The Tide rifes three or 
 four Foot here in the dry Seafons ; but in 
 the Time of the Rains it does nor reach fo 
 high. Both Sides the River is woody, and 
 the Land on the South Side low, but the Fac- 
 tory is fituated upon a high fleep Rock, clofe 
 to the River, on the North Side, in the King- 
 dom of JVooUy^ ten Miles from any Town in 
 Woolly. On each Side of the Fadiory there is 
 a pleafant Profpedl of the Courfe of the Ri- 
 ver for fome Miles, and likewife acrofs it 
 you may fee great Part of the Kingdom of 
 Cantore \ every Night you may hear the Wild 
 Beafts howling and roaring not far from it. 
 On the Road we were obliged to fwim our 
 Horfes twice. Mr Hamilton was not a little 
 glad to fee us, having not feen any White 
 Man Cmce July laft, the Time of his Writer's 
 Death. 
 
 After flaying here two Days, I intended 
 to return to Tamyamacunda, but was prevent- 
 ed by a MefTage fent to me by Hujne Badgy^ -^"wr 
 the prefent Ufurper of Tomany, who defired 1 -^^^^'• 
 would flay till he came to fee me. Accord- 
 ingly in the Evening he came to the Fadory, 
 bringing with him about two hundred Men 
 well-arm'd, which he was then fending to the 
 Affiftance oF the King of IVoolley^ whole Bro- 
 ther was in Arms againft him, and had alrea- 
 dy taken fome of his People and Towns. This ^^ccounr 
 Hume Badgy is Son of the late King of To7na- o\' him. 
 ?j'7, who has been dead for fome Years ; but 
 
 he.
 
 J38 TRAVELS hito the 
 
 173 2. he, fearing the People would not make him 
 King, tells them that his Father is not yet 
 dead, and having a great many refolute Fel- 
 lows in the Town of Burdah, whom he takes 
 care to keep well, they protect him, and no 
 Man in the whole Country dares fo much as 
 fay that the old King is dead. This Man 
 himfelf is very old, and very well-beloved 
 by the Town, infomuch that with them 
 and fome other Volunteers he went and con- 
 quer'd the whole Kingdom of Coolly , and 
 gave it to the prefent King thereof, fo that 
 he does juft what he pleafes in that Coun- 
 try, as abfolutely as he does in Tojnany^ nay, 
 much more, for there are fome People at a 
 Town call'd Sutarnore, within three Miles of 
 Tamyatnacunda, who do not much fear him, 
 and therefore he goes but feldom to that 
 Faftory. As for that at Fatatenda, he ufed 
 Mr Ha^mUon very ill, daily begging Goods 
 of him, or taking them by Force -, and he 
 has fuch a curfed Thirft after Strong Liquors, 
 that whenever the Factor is fupplied with 
 any for his own Drinking, he will force e- 
 very Drop from him, unlefs he takes care 
 to bury it in the Woods, fwhich he told me 
 he had feveral times been obliged to put in 
 Praftice) and fo at Night, when the Tyrant 
 and his People are all gone, he ufed to go 
 and vifit his Liquor with as much Secrecy 
 and Caution as a Mifer does his Gold. 
 
 I THOUGHT to have gone from Fatatenda to 
 Nackway, along the North Side of the River, 
 but could nor, by reafon of the Creeks being 
 fo much our, that it is impofllble to crols 
 them, fo I crofied the Gambia at Fatatenda^ 
 
 and 
 
 A Hid Sot.
 
 Inland Tarts c/ A F R I C A. 13^ 
 
 and went on the South Side. Between Bur- 1732. 
 dah and Bajf'j I rode over the fteepefl Hill I Oaobet-. 
 ever faw in my Life, almofta continual Rock ^^^^P^'^^' 
 of Iron Stone, and yet full of Trees. About 
 Sun-fet I got to Bajpj Port, and having crof- 
 fed the River, walked to Nackway by Moon- 
 light, _ did my Bufinefs that Night, in the 
 Morning early walked back to Bajfy Port, 
 and immediately rode home to Tani'^amaciinday 
 which I believe to be near forty Miles from 
 Fatatenda by Land. The River being fal- 
 len, the Wom.en flock to it in abundance, 
 and are exceeding bufy in catching fmall FiOi Stinking 
 like Sprats, v/hich they dry and keep by them Fifo. 
 as a dainty Difh, call'd Stinking Fijh. As 
 foon as they catch them (which is in a Basket 
 like a Hamper, by putting a little Ball of 
 Pafte at the Bottom of it, and holding it un- 
 der Water a little while, and then raifmg it 
 gently) they lay them upon a clean Spot of Way of 
 Ground to dry -, after which they pound them ^"""S- 
 in a wooden Mortar to a Pafte, then they 
 make them up in Balls of about three Pounds 
 each, and fo keep them all the Year round. 
 A fmall Quantity of it goes a great Way : 
 They do not drefs it by itfelf, but mix it with 
 Rice or Corn, which I have feveral times eat 
 with a good Appetite. 
 
 O N the 2 2d I perceiv'd the Tide to ebb 
 and flow here. For thefe twenty Days it had 
 been excefllve hot, but now it began to be 
 cooler and pleafant. The Evenings and Morn- 
 ings were very foggy, and the Women bufy 
 in cutting their Rice ; which, f mull remark, 
 is their own Property ; for, after they have „ 
 fet by a fufficient Quantity for Family Ufe, ,vifl^t" 
 
 they
 
 14c 
 
 1732. 
 
 TRAVELS into the 
 
 they fell the Remainder, and take the Money 
 themfelves, the Husband not interfering. The 
 fame Cuftom they obferve too in regard to 
 the Fowls, wihch they breed up in great 
 Quantities, when they find they can get Mar- 
 kets for them. 
 
 Green 
 
 Snakes 
 
 I SHOT a green Snake about two Yards 
 long, but in the biggeft Place (I believe) not 
 above three Inches in Circumference. This 
 fort of Snakes is not at all venemous, as the 
 Natives tell me, but they have others fo plen- 
 ty, which are really venemous, that they never 
 go out hardly without a Medicine in their 
 J^^"^^°"= Budget in cafe they ihould be bit. They are 
 very much afraid of the black Snakes, which 
 I have feen three Yards long, and as big as 
 the fmall of my Leg. They tell me there are 
 a great many Sorts of very venemous Snakesj 
 particularly fome with a Comb upon their 
 Heads like a Cock, and which they pofitive- 
 ]y affirm do crow like a Cock. There are 
 alfo Snakes with two Heads, growing out of 
 one Neck, but thofe 1 never faw. 
 
 Strange 
 Kinds. 
 
 Guana's. Here are alfo plenty of Guana's, a very 
 ugly Creature, which refembles a little Allega- 
 tor. The Natives fay, that when a Man comes 
 near them fometimcs unawares, they will break 
 his Legs with their Tail •, which one would 
 almoft think impoffible. becaufe the whole 
 Guana is commonly not above a Yard long. 
 The Natives, and fome White Men eat this 
 for a dainty Bit ; and I am told they eat 
 as well as any Rabbit. 
 
 On the 31 ft, in the Morning, I fet out 
 
 from
 
 Inhmd Tarts <?/ A F R I C A. 141 
 
 from Tamyamacunda over Land on Florfeback »732. 
 to Brucoe^ in order to fee the Remainder of^ Author's 
 our Salt, which was left there laft Jtdy^ mea- journey, 
 fur'd and fent up. About Nine I pafs'd thro* 
 a Town call'd Biiile, pleafantly fituated in a ?.!^'l^' * 
 Valley with high Hills on each Side of it. 
 About Noon I pafs'd thro' Corah, a fmall Corah. 
 Town in Jemarrow, where the Emperor lives 
 retir'd, drove away by the People of Dubo- 
 cunda. About fix Miles to the Weftward of 
 it is a large Town of the fame Name, about 
 which is a large Trail of Rice-Grounds. At 
 Five in the Evening I arrived at Chauciinda, Chaucun- 
 a large Town, with a ftrong Cirk or Fence, ^"■' 
 pleafantly fituated near the Foot of a rocky 
 Hill, on the Skirts of a large Plain, which 
 reaches to the River Gambia, that runs about 
 four Miles from the Town. 
 
 Here I lay all Night at the Houfe of 
 the Alcade, (v/ho was when I came for Eng- 
 land Emperor of J e?narrow) in a very large Bad Lodg- 
 Room on a Matt raifed with fmall forked ing. 
 Sticks, and having nothing over me to keep 
 the Mufquctoes from me, 1 was miferably bit 
 by them, and got but very little Reft. 
 
 These Mufquetocs are the greateft Plague Mufque- 
 to one's Perfon of any other Vermin on the ^o^-^^'"- 
 River. They are even worfe than fomc Flies, j-.^ 
 
 from their being fo little call'd Sand-FJies,''^f1?;*r^ 
 and which are fo fmall that one can fcarce fe&41^ "T/'^'' 
 them ; but if there is any Wind at all ftirring, aiI^- 
 they will not be able to bite : But the Mufque- 
 toes mind neither Wind nor any thing elfe, 
 but are always plaguing one, efpecially in the 
 Night. They are juft the fame as our Englijh m , 
 
 Gnats t • ' '
 
 142 TRAVELS into the 
 
 «732' Gnats; when they bite, it itches very much; 
 if you fcratch it till it bleeds, you run the 
 Rifque of having it fore ; and when it is healed, 
 it will never be otherwife than of a blackifli 
 Colour. 
 
 ^^ No'vem- TfiE next Morning early I left Chaucunday 
 
 *"■• and about Noon I arrived at Dubocunda, which 
 
 Mocun- ^^5 J ^^1^^ \yQ^oxz) is very well fortified, confi- 
 
 Rebellious Bering the Country. Every other Town in 
 
 Town. the Kingdom of Jemarro'w is fubjedl to the 
 
 Jawful Emperor •, but the People of this Town 
 
 being of a rebellious Nature, chofe themfelves 
 
 a King of their own, which they call Su?na, 
 
 who has a great deal of Power over all the 
 
 Towns near his own. About Three I paffed 
 
 by a fmall Town call'd Colycunda, noted only 
 
 "^^ for pretty Girls •, and foon after I arrived at 
 
 Brucoc^ which lies I think much about forty 
 
 Miles from T^ani'jamacunda. 
 
 Having done my Bufinefs, in about two 
 
 or three Days I let out at Night, lay at Chau- 
 
 cunda^ in the fame Ropm 1 did before. The 
 
 next Morning I arrived pretty early at theTown 
 
 where the Emperor lives: As foon as Iftopt, 
 
 he fent me aDifh or Calabafh of Rice and Stink- 
 
 Authoren- ing Meat,being thebefthe had,defiring I would 
 
 b 'The ^""^^ to his Houfe •, which I accordingly did. 
 
 Emperor. ^^ talked together almoft two Hours ; in 
 
 which Time he told me how the Dubocunda 
 
 People had made him retire to this Place, 
 
 where he faid he had enjoy'd more Pleafure 
 
 than ever he did while he was in his Grandeur, 
 
 and therefore never defired to live in any other 
 
 manner. After we had done talking, I took 
 
 Horfe
 
 Inkmd 9 arts <?/ A F R I C A. 143 
 
 Horfe and went homeward. About Noon I 1732- 
 paffed thro* the Town of Fatico^ which lies on 
 the Frontiers of Jemarrow \ about ten Years 
 ago this was a large Town, at which Time a 
 noted Pholey of 'To7nany came, with a great 
 many others under his Command, in order to 
 fettle under the Prote6lion of this Town 
 of Fatico, where they had not been long be- _, . 
 fore the Towns-People began to ufe them ill, bus'th' 
 and take away their Cows from them by force. 
 The poor Pholeys endured it a good while, 
 till at laft perceiving that they grew worfe 
 and worfe, they refolved to bear it no longer, 
 and fo taking their Arms, went under the 
 Condufl of their Head-Man, by Name Clar- Redrefs 
 gee Solee, and fell upon the Town, kill'd fevc- J. j " 
 ral, and took fome Prifoners, which they fold, 
 in order to repair the Damages fuftain'd by 
 their having their Cows taken from them. 
 Since that time the Town has been neglefted, 
 and very few People care to live in it, becaufe 
 of the great Scandal it bears for their ill U- 
 fige of thofe Pholeys, who were under their 
 Protedlion, and want of Hofpitality. In the 
 Evening I arrived at Tamya7?iacunda, 
 
 m 
 
 O N the 20th, in the Evening, we had an Moon e- 
 Eclipfe of the Moon, which was totally dark^HpsU 
 from half an Hour after Eight, till a Quar- 
 ter paft Ten; both before and after it flione 
 very bright. This was the firil Eclipfe I had 
 feen fince I came into this Part of the World, 
 and it coming very unexped:edly, furprized me 
 not a little. The Mmidingoes told me, that 
 the Reafbn of its being dark was, becaufe a Ridiculous 
 Cat had put her Paw between the Moon and Opinions, 
 the Earth, 'T\iq Maho??iet an s m i\\i% Country Ci L^ ;-
 
 144 TRAVELS into the 
 
 1732. were finging and dancing the whole Time, on 
 account of their expedling their Prophet 
 Mahomet to come in an Eclipfe. About the 
 Month of January^ thefe Mahometans keep a 
 Faft of a whole Month, that is, they eat no- 
 thing between the Sun-rifing and its Setting, 
 and are fo ftri(5l, that before the Sun is quite 
 down, tho' never fo thirfty, they will not 
 drink fo much as a Drop of Water, but pray 
 almoft continually. When this Moon is ex- 
 pired, they make a very great Feaft, at 
 which they kill Abundance of Cows, and are 
 very merry. They always pray at a New 
 Moon, as do likewife the Mundingoes^ who 
 have fuch Regard to them, that tho* their 
 Quarrels are never fo great, yet will they not, 
 ui)on any Account, go to fight till the Ma- 
 Mahomc- ^^^^'^^^'^^^'1^ Lent IS cxpiTcd. V^ hen the Mi{n din- 
 tan and goe^ '^re going to Battle, they put fo much 
 Munditigoc Faith in thefe Mahometans^ as to go and buy 
 Ceremo- of them Papers, fo charmed, as they believe, 
 to prevent the Perfon who wears it from be- 
 ing fhot ; accordingly they pay for it, and 
 wear it, and if any mifcarry, the old Man 
 pleads for Excufe, that the Perfon was a 
 wicked Liver, and rhererore Mahomet would 
 have him die. When thefe Papers are wrote, 
 they carry them to a Perfon who makes fine 
 Feather Strings for Pipes, which they call 
 Crankce^ and he indoles them in Leather and 
 red Cloth, and being faftned with neat twifted 
 Feather Strings, they wear them acrofs their 
 Shoulders, over their Brealb, and on each 
 Side. Sometimes one may fee a Man with 
 as many of thefe Things as will weigh thirty 
 Pounds. 
 
 Some
 
 Inland Tarts ^/AFRICA. 145 
 
 Some of them when they are going a 1732. 
 Journey will kill a young Fowl, and infped Divina- 
 the Entrails, and according as they find them^ tion. 
 they will either proceed on their Journey, or 
 put it off till another Time. They are like- 
 wife very liiperftitious in regard to the Days 
 of the Week, fome of which they fay are 
 bad, and on thefe Days they never will begin 
 any Piece of Work, 
 
 The Mundingoe^ are very ignorant, and 
 have no manner of Books or Learning among Parties 
 them, but make fliift to count by Tens, and compared, 
 mark them upon the Ground. The Maho- \ '^iv^rr^C^^ L. 
 7netans can almoft all of them read and write ' , . ■ '"' "^^ 
 Arabick^ which they take care to teach their 
 Children, there being Schoolmafters among 
 them for that purpofe. 
 
 O N the i8fli of December^ in the Morning Decewher. 
 early, Mr Co?mer went overland to Nackwa'^. -Author's 
 After he was gone, a MelTenger arrived from {l^^Brucei, 
 the Alcade of Brucoe^ with Advice that the 
 Company's Fadlory was burnt, and the Chief ■ _ 
 
 (Mr Philip Galand) run diftra6led, infomuch 
 that he had endeavour'd to drown himfelf; i u- i 
 whereupon the Alcade defired that either Mr '^''^''. 
 Conner or myfelf would come there forthwith 
 to take charge of the Company's Effeds. I 
 immediately fent a Mefienger after Mr Con?ier 
 to acquaint him of this unwelcome News, and 
 in the Evening he returned -, but being very 
 much fatigued, and fearing that Delay might 
 prove dangerous to the Company's Intereft, I 
 got myfelf ready, and about Eight at Night 
 fet out on Horfeback for Brucce^ where I ar- 
 rived the next Morning, being above 40 Miles, 
 L. and
 
 ,46 TRAVELS into the 
 
 1732. and found Mr Galand very ill at the Alcade's 
 Houfc, and the AlcadeinPoflcfTionof theKeys 
 of the Warehoufe, which was not burnt. 
 
 O N the 2ift, at the Perfuafion of the Al- 
 cade and the People of the Town, as well as 
 by the Refolution of Mr GalarJ^ never to take 
 any more the Charge of the Fadlory upon 
 him, I took an Inventory of the Goods in 
 Store, after which I fent a Mefienger away to 
 Ja?nes Fort with the following Letter : 
 
 Bruco E, Dec. 21, 1731. 
 Gentlemen, 
 
 12" is "cvilb a great deal of Concern that I 
 am obliged to acquaint you-, that on the 
 I ^th Injiant a Mejfenger arrived at Yamyama- 
 cunda, from the Alcade of this 'Toivn^ isi'ith an 
 Account that the Fa5lory was burnt, and Mr 
 Galand run mad^ and no one being there to take 
 care of the Covipanfs Effe5ls, he defired either 
 Mr Conner or jnyfelf to come over forthwith. 
 IVhen the Meffenger arrived Mr Conner was 
 gone to Nackway, but I fent dircolly after him, 
 and he returned the faine Night j but^ being much 
 fatigued, he faid he could not come hither. I had 
 no . mind to leave m'^ ozvn Fadlory, but fearing 
 that Delay ??iight prove dangerous, Ifet out in the 
 Night, and in about twenty Hours I reached this 
 Factory, Mr Galand being at the Alcade's Hoiife, 
 cfflioled not only in Body but in Mind, infomuch 
 that fome few Hours before I arrived here, he had 
 endeavoured to drown himfelf; which he had done 
 effectually, if a Native had -not dived after him, 
 and with much ado faved him : He fays, he is 
 refolved never to take charge of any thing for the 
 future, but will go down to the If and the firji 
 
 - 'Op-
 
 Inland "Parts <?/ A F R I C A. 
 
 poriunitj. lam re ally afraid he will he never 
 eafy till he is there, and the more, becaufe he fays 
 it is the uttnoft of his IVifhes to hefafe at James t' k -/ 
 
 Fort. He is downright melancholy, and does not ' "• '- ^ '^'''■*^ 
 care to talk to any Body, whether his being afraid \ 
 of the Natives killing him (which he feems to in- 
 timate) or whether the Fire was the occafion of\ 
 this Alteration in him, I cannot tell, hut I am 
 fure he is much changed fince 1 faw him laft, 
 
 I HAVE this Bay, at the Perfuafwn of the 
 Alcade, taken a true Inventory of all the Com- 
 jpany^s Effecls here, in the Prefence of himfelf 
 and Poolman the Linguifler, which yoiCll here- 
 with receive figncd by us all three. As for what 
 was burnt by the late Conflagration I cannot tell, 
 hut I am. infor7ned there was hut little or nothing 
 of the Company's deftroy'd, and hut a few Things 
 of Meffieurs Galand and Johnfon. The Doors 
 of both the Rooms, and the Forkillas-y Ridge- 
 pole and Braces, were entirely confumed^ and the 
 Dcor of the Hall was very much damaged. I 
 beg, Gentle?nen, you will fend back this Meffenger 
 as foon as poffible, and let jne know whether you 
 approve or d'lfapprove of what I have done al- 
 ready, and to give me your farther Orders in 
 what Manner to proceed. I am not eafy while 
 I am from my own Factory (notwithftandlng my 
 Colleague is more careful than he was fome T^ime 
 ago) and it is impoffihle for me to return before, I 
 receive Advice jroin you. In the mean Time I 
 remain^ 
 
 Gentlemen, 
 
 Tour Ohedient Humble Servant, 
 
 F R A. M O O R £. 
 
 L 2 On
 
 I4S 
 
 TRAVELS into the 
 
 1732. On the 31ft, in the Evening, a Long- 
 boat, belonging to the Tryal Snow, Capt. 
 Robert Clarke, a Separate Trader, then at 
 Joar, came by this Port, telling the Servant;s, 
 when they challenged her, that fhe belonged 
 to Sio-. Antonio Vofs^ at 'Tancroivnll^ and wa*^ 
 going up to Bajfy Port, to bring down fome 
 Slaves. The Reafon of their not being wil- 
 ling- to be known, was for Fear of the Na- 
 Separate tives feizing them, upon Account of the ill 
 Traders Ufage they have fometimes received at the 
 Nat?v«^ ^^"^^^ of the Separate Traders, by them 
 ^ '^"' called Interlopers, and from the Advice, per- 
 haps, of the Accident which happcn'd to 
 Capt. Major, fome few Months fince, ^^ 
 Cojfan, w hich I have before mentioned. 
 
 ^ On the 6th of January, about Sun-fet, 
 
 y"^?' the before-mention'd Long-boat came down 
 
 from Tamyamacunda. She called at this Port, 
 
 and the chief Mate, Mr Hayesy came to fee- 
 
 me at the Factory ; Mr Galaud hearing of the 
 
 Boat's Arrival, came down to the Fa(ftory, 
 
 and dcfir'd Mr Hayes to carry him down with 
 
 him to Capt. Cla?'/:e, of whom he wanted to 
 
 purchafe fcverai Ncceflaries. The Alcade 
 
 and myfelf did what we could to diffuadehim 
 
 from going, but to no Purpofe ; fo about 
 
 Midnight the Boat went away, and Mr Ga' 
 
 land in it. The next Day, about Noon, a 
 
 Black Fellow, Servant to Mr Galand, who 
 
 went down in the Boat with him, came over 
 
 Land to the Factory ; I was furprized to fee 
 
 the Fellow come back, and afked him where 
 
 Meir Ga- his Mailer was j he had not, for fome Time, 
 
 ^w</and Power to anfwer me for crying -, at Jafl: he 
 
 drown'd. ^^^^ ""'^J ^^^^ ^^^ Mafter and Mr Hayes were 
 
 both
 
 Inland Tarts of AV RICA, i^p 
 
 both drown'd, and that he himfelf, and the i733' 
 Sailors which were rowing in the Boat, with 
 much Difficulty, laved their Lives. 
 
 The next Evening the Sailors and Lin- 
 guifter, which belong'd to the Boat, came to 
 the Fa(5lory, where they gave me the fol- 
 lowing Account of the Accident which befel 
 the Boat. 
 
 «' About Four o* Clock Yefterday Paf"'«^"^a^ 
 Morning, and about four Hours after we ^JforJunc 
 went from Brucoe Port, being abreaft of 
 Sappo Iflands, we heard a great Noife in 
 the Water, juft a-head of the Longboat ; 
 and being told, by our Black Linguifter, 
 that it was a Parcel of Sea-Horfes, our 
 Mate, Mr Hayes^ ordered him to take a 
 Gun that was loaded, and fire among 
 them, which he accordingly did, but before 
 the Light of the flafhing in the Pan was out 
 of ourEyes, we rowing very hard, and having 
 the Tide with us, were got into the Midft 
 of them, and one of them, which we fup- 
 pofe was wounded with the foregoing 
 Shot, flounc'd and kicked about the Boat 
 till fuch Time as he knocked a Piece out 
 of the Bottom of her -, we finding her be- 
 gin to fill, called to Mr Hayes^ who or- 
 der'd us to pull in for Shore direflly ; we 
 did fo, but when we were within about 
 twenty Yards of it, the Boat funk right 
 down, upon which, every one that could 
 fwim, made the beft of their Way to, 
 Shore, but poor Meflf. Galand and Hayes 
 not knowing how to fwim, were unfortu- 
 nately drown'd. We on Shore flayed till 
 L 3 *' Ye-
 
 ISO TRAVELS mto the 
 
 1733- ** Ycftcrday Noon, near the Place where the 
 *' Boat funk, but being almoft flarved for 
 *' Want of Vi6luals, and having no Arms to 
 *' defend ourfelves from the Wild Beads, we 
 *' thought it bell to come up here, to defire 
 *' you to take Care of us, and afllft us till 
 *' fuch Time as Capt. Clarke fhall fend for us. 
 " As the Boat funk right down, we believe 
 '* v/e fhall be able to fave a good many things 
 " out of her, provided we had Hooks fit for 
 '* the purpofe. '* 
 
 Attemptto I GOT a Smith directly, who made them 
 fifli for the Hooks for their purpofe; after which they 
 *^f^ went down with (ix of the Company's Servants, 
 to fee what they could get out of the Boat. 
 Before they went, I fent a Meflenger over 
 Land to James Fort, with Letters to the Go- 
 vernor and Chief Merchants, to acquaint them 
 of this melancholy Accident. The following 
 one 1 fent to Captain Clarke by the fame Mef- 
 fcnger. 
 
 D* 
 
 To Capt am ROBERT CLARKE. 
 Brucoe, Jan. 8, 1733. 
 
 S I R, 
 
 Autlior's ' I V/75 cowes to acquaint you, that on the 6tb 
 Letter to J^ Inft ant at Ni^ht your Long-boat came down 
 C. ciarL. hither, idth about One Hunched and an half of 
 Bees-Wax, the fame ff^ei^ht of T'ceth, and one 
 Girl Slave, as your Mate Mr Hayes told me. 
 He Jlaid here till high IVater, and then proceeded 
 on his IVay down, taking with him Mr Philip 
 Galand, who wanted to come down to Joar to buy 
 fomc things cf you. Tcflerday at Noon arrived 
 
 Mr
 
 Inland Tarts of AFR IC A. 151 
 
 Mr GaJand*i Servant with the Mfmal 'Tidings of i733' 
 the Boat being broke and funk (abreafl of Sappo 
 Iflands) by the SeaHorfes^ and that Meff. Hayes 
 and Galand were unfortunately drowned ; but the 
 other two White Men get fafe tojhore. I fent 
 direSfly my Canoa away with fix Servants with 
 Arms^ &c. to their AJf fiance ; but before they 
 arrived there ^ the People being tired with flaying^ 
 and having nothing to eat^ nor defend themfelves 
 from the Wild Beafis^ proceeded to this Faltoryy 
 where they jufi nozv arrived with nothing but a 
 Girl Slave. 
 
 Nathaniel Rogers and Thomas Rathbone 
 
 ^our two Sailers tell me^ they believe theyJJjall be 
 able to get a great many of' the Goods out of the 
 Boat, which funk right dowh, fo that it is about 
 five Foot under Water at low Water, and theMafi 
 is flan ding. I have got a Smith noib fnaking two 
 Hooks for them to get the Things out' of the Boat, 
 who willfet out with two Canoas as foon as they 
 are done, and 1. fh all fend fome of the Company* s 
 Servants along with them. This Mejfenger will 
 give you a full Account of every thing. I beg 
 you'll difpatch him back as foon as poffible. 
 1 ajfure you I'll do all that lies in iny Pozver to 
 ferve you, and remain, 
 
 SIR, 
 
 I'our mofl Humble Servant^ 
 
 Fra. Moore. 
 
 Whilst I was writing the foregoing Letter ^^^ ^^_ 
 in my Chamber, I heard a rufling in the ^ied by 
 Bufhes near my Window \ upon which I took Wolf, 
 a Piilol in my Hand, and with one Servant 
 L 4 went
 
 152 T R AV EL S into the 
 
 »733' went to the Place, and found a Cow with her 
 Guts juft torn out by a Wolf. 
 
 About two Days afterwards the People 
 return'd back, and brought v/ord, that they 
 could fee neither the Boat nor any thing be- 
 longing to her ; but in their Way up they had 
 found three Cakes of Bees-Wax, an Umbrel- 
 la, an Oar, and an empty Arm-Chefl: : They 
 Wreck ^^^^ ^^^^ ^^^^ believed fome People had been 
 plunder'd. plundering the Boat ; for near the Place where 
 they left her they found a Sagay, fuppofed to 
 be left there by fome one who had found bet- 
 ter Booty. 
 
 The next Morning about twenty People 
 belonging to the Suma at J)ubocunda came to 
 the Faftory, and feized the Bees- Wax which 
 the Sailors had found floating on the Water ; 
 Protc^ed. and not content with the Wax, they wanted 
 to feize the People and fell them i but the 
 Alcade and myfelf made rhem let that Difpute 
 alone till two Days afterward i at which time 
 arrived a Canoa from Capt. Clarke to fetch his 
 People : By whom I receiv'd the following 
 Letter. 
 
 RuMi50S Port, Jan. lo, 17^3, 
 Dear S i r, 
 
 C.Clarke'i.'\ HJVE juft uow recerji^d your inehmcholy 
 Anfwcr. J[^ Letter, inker ein you ndv'ife vie of the Lofs 
 of my Chief Mate ; hut return you a thoufand 
 Tka}iks for your generous Offer in endeavourifig 
 to fn-ve what you can of the Cargo. I have fen t 
 a Cama with my Carpenter^ to endeavour ij pof- 
 fible to get fny Boat again. Dear Moore, this 
 
 Piece
 
 Inland Tarts <?/ A F R I G A. 153 
 
 ' Piece of Service done me by your good Nature, J733- 
 ivill ever put me under an Obligation to fincerely 
 acknowledge your Friendjhip. I beg you'^d difpatch 
 my People with the Canoa down again, and what 
 can be faved, as foon a^pojfible. I beg youW fend 
 me the Particulars of what is faved^ and not put 
 too much Confidence in my People. I beg you II 
 excufe my fhort Letter^ for I am fear ce in my Sen- 
 fes. My befl Refpeots attend you ; and I amy 
 
 Dear Moore, 
 
 Tour very fincere Friend, 
 
 and humble Servant, 
 Robert Clarke. 
 
 The fame Day the King's People were ^'^ ^'^^^ 
 very refolute to feize Capt. Clarke's Men, de- [''^Ij'',^^ 
 daring that they would make Slaves of them ; the Na-^ 
 that they were Interlopers, come up in a Boat tives. 
 . j to trade without calling to fee theKing atD«- 
 locunda ; that none but the Company ihould 
 ^ 1 trade in their Country ; and therefore unlefs 
 ^j Capt. Clarke would give them a hundred Barrs 
 ' ) for each of his People, they fhouid be kept 
 Prifoners as long as they lived. From Noon 
 till Six o' Clock the Alcade and I endeavour'd 
 to perfuade them to let the Men go -, ar laft I 
 told them, th*t fuch Ufage as this would foon 
 make the Company break up their Faftory, 
 and that unlefs they would releafe the Men, I 
 would write to the Fort to have no more Goods 
 fcnt to me ; but if they would deliver the Men 
 up to me, I would, as Capt. Clarke was my 
 Acquaintance, make them a Prefent of fome 
 Brandy and other Goods, which at lall they Got ofF 
 thought proper to agree to ; fo having given ^itl^ 
 them the things, I fent away the Men in the ^^^^ ^^''' 
 
 Cap-
 
 154 TRAVELS into the 
 
 1733' Captain's Canoa, and the follov/ing Letter a- 
 long with tht Carpenter. 
 
 Brucoe, Jan. 14, 1733. 
 Dear Sir, 
 
 Author's ' I ^HIS comes hy your Carpenter^ and Jervn 
 Letter to Jl ^0 acquaint you, that foon after my laji^ 
 Captain ^7??^^ People ii-ith fome others went down in order 
 Clarke, ^q j-^^^ what they could out of your Boat, but 
 before they came the Natives had been there, and 
 broke the Boat fo that they could not find it any 
 where. As they ca'me back they found three Cakes 
 cf Bees-Pf^ax, an Oar, and fome Platte) s floating 
 en the Water^ which they took up and brought 
 here. 'The King's People came andfeiz'd it all-, 
 and I do aJTure you it was with a great deal of 
 Difficulty that I and the Alcade of this Town 
 preferved your White Men and Slaves from being 
 taken away. As for your Men, I was obliged to 
 pay fix Barrs before I could get the King^s Leave 
 to fend them down, and as for your Slave I per- 
 fuaded them it was Mr Saxby'j,'/o that they 
 defigned to keep it till fuch time as he comes up., 
 but with much ado I have got Leave to fend her 
 down, on Condition that they fh all be paid three 
 Barrs for taking care of her ; fo that I defire you 
 would fend by my Meffenger a Piece of Silitias 
 to pay them on account of the Slave, and -pray 
 tell Saxby to fay it is his, or elfe they will fall 
 upon me. As for what I have done.^ I do a (fur e 
 you had it been for myfelf I could do no more. 
 
 WHEN I wrote to you lafl I was ignorant 
 of the King's Defigns ; but I find now, that had 
 your Cargo and Boat been faved, his People would 
 have feiz'd them all, becaufe your Mjt: refufed 
 
 to
 
 Inland Tarts <?/ A F R I C A. 155 
 
 to come to his Port as he went up, tho* there 'was i733' 
 ^rade for him ; which had he done^ and made 
 the King a Prefent of hut two Bottles of Brandjy < 
 it would have made him do what he could to fervc 
 you, whereas now he is an inveterate Enemy to \/ 
 all Interlopers. ' 
 
 THERE was a Box with eight Felt Hats 
 faved, which the King's People did notfeize: One 
 of them I paid for the Hire of a Cane a, the 0- 
 tber feven you'll herewith receive. 1'he Alcade 
 of this Town is a very good Man, and has been 
 a great Inflrument in faving your People •■, fo that 
 if you think proper to fend him a fnall Prefenty 
 it will not he thrown away. Having nought to 
 add, I remain^ 
 
 Dear S i r, 
 
 'Tour mofl Humble Servant^ 
 
 Fra. Moore. 
 
 On the 21ft arrived the 7iJ?«fji/7^;?^ Shallop, shallop 
 Geo. Lafon Mafter, with Forkillas, and all with For- 
 other Polls neceffary to rebuild the Fadory. ^^^lias. 
 The Gentlemen order'd me to go over Land 
 to T^a?nyamacunda,, to refign the Company's 
 Effeds to Mr Conner, and to fend down poor 
 Galand (who they did not know was dead; by 
 the Return of this Boat. 
 
 A s foon as I had landed the Forkillas and 
 Pofts, I fet out on Horfcback for Tamyarna- 
 cunda -, where having done my Bufinefs, I 
 returned to Brucce^ where I was now fiationed. 
 I faw nothing remarkable in my Journey, 
 
 only
 
 ij6 TRAVELS into the 
 
 J 733-. only great Numbers of Wolves running bc- 
 Wolves in f^j.^ ^^ ^3 j crofTcd the Savannahs by Moon- 
 W umbers. ,- , 
 
 Ijght. 
 
 On the 3 1 ft the James IJland Shallop fail- 
 ed for the Fort; with whom I fent down Mr 
 Galand's Effeds, fome damaged Goods, and 
 a little Trade. I fent down fome Hides, as 
 I have feveral times before. As foon as the 
 Bead is flea'd, they ftretch the Hide upon the 
 Ground with Pegs. It dries in one Day, if 
 the Weather be fair , and then cutting off the 
 Peg-holes, and doubling it, it is fit for Pack- 
 age. The next Morning the Ad'veriture Sloop, 
 John Leach Mafter, arrived here on her Way 
 to Faiatefjda^ ha.ving on Board a Load of Salt, 
 and Mr Thomas Palmer, \Nnter for that Place. 
 
 O N the 5th, in the Evening, I received 
 Advice, that Capt. IViUiamSy Mafter of a Bri- 
 gantine, trading about Joar, having bought 
 a few Slaves, and not looking well to them. 
 Bloody they mutiny 'd, rofe, and killed a great Part 
 Mutiny of the Ship's Crew ; the Captain himfelf had 
 ^ ^"^ his Fingers cut by them in a miferable Man- 
 ner, and it was with great Difficulty he efca- 
 pcd being killed, which he did in fwimming 
 afliore, by which means he got fafe to James 
 Port, where he was kindly received by the 
 Governor, and took his Paftage to England 
 along with Captain Clarke in the Tryal Snow ; 
 :J> did likewife our third Chief Merchant, Mr 
 Thcmas Harr'tfon, whofe Brother John died at 
 Tancrcjjall the very Day that he embarked 
 from James Fort. , 
 
 On
 
 Inland Tarts (?/ A F R I G A. 1^7 
 
 On the i6th o^ March, at Night, we had 1733. 
 a great deal ot Thunder and Lightning, and March. 
 ibme Rain, which at this Time of the Year ^5]|j|;°"* 
 is very uncommon. The Natives tell me, andTight- 
 that this foretells great Wars ; and that they ning. 
 are fure, by the Quicknefs of the Claps of 
 Thunder, and other Things, that it will not 
 be long before it comes to pafs. 
 
 I N lefs than a Year there were great Wars Succeeded 
 almoft all over the Country ; which continued ^V ^^'^"5 
 fo long, that when I came to Engldnd they 
 were not over. Vaft Numbers of Slaves were 
 taken in thefe Wars, and the chief Trade of 
 the Company's Fadories up the River was for 
 Slaves taken. 
 
 O N the 4th of April, in the Evening, the ^pril. 
 Bui?iper Sloop, from Nezv England, Captain 
 Samuel Moore Mafter, who had laft Year a 
 Scooner cut off at Cajfan, came to anchor ac 
 Brucoe Port, being bound up to Yam-^a?nacu7i- 
 da ; he had on Board a good Number of Guns, 
 and Hands fufficient, and it was thought he 
 defign'd either to make good Trade, or eife 
 get Satisfaction of the Natives for the Lofs of 
 his Scooner laft Year at Cajfan. He ^ay'd 
 here all Night, and the next Morning pro- 
 ceeded up the River for Ta?n'ja?nacu7tda, 
 
 On the 27th, at a Town about a Mile Monftrous 
 from Brucoe, I found a monftrous large Scor- Scorpion. 
 pion, being 1 believe full twelve Incires long. 
 Thefe Creatures are reckoned very venemous, 
 and was a Man tcJ be flung by fo large a one 
 as thiswas, I believe it would be prefent Death. 
 I have known feveral People frung by fmall 
 
 Scor-
 
 ijS TRAV EL S into the 
 
 1 735. Scorpions, which give an infinite deal of Pain, 
 ib violent, that for at leaft twelve Hours the 
 Perfon Itung cannot deep, at the End of which 
 Time the Pain abates, and is foon after quite 
 over ; but what's remarkable is, that notwith- 
 flanding the Pain is fo violent, yet it fwells but 
 very little. 
 
 li'ay. ^N ^^^ i^'^h of May Mr Lejnaigre came 
 down in his own Sloop, with above thirty Slaves 
 on Board, which he was going to kW^itJoar 
 to the Separate Shipping. He ftay'd here but 
 a little- while, and then proceeded on his Way 
 down. I having occafion to purchafe fome 
 Neceffaries from the Ships below, went with 
 him in his Sloop, but when we were got with- 
 in twenty Miles of Joar we met the Fame 
 Sloop, 'Thomas Saxhy Mafter, bound up the 
 River with a Load of Salt to purchafe Corn 
 for the Ufe of James Fort, and in Company 
 with him was the Amerjljam Sloop, Captain 
 Munday, a Separate Trader, bound to Ta- 
 mmarew to purchafe Slaves, by whom we re- 
 ceived Advice that the Dohhin Snow, Captain 
 Lovetty was arrived at James Fort from the 
 Company, with Mr Richard HidU who was 
 come to relieve Governor Rogers^ hedefigning 
 to return to England by the Dolphin Snow. 
 Upon receiving this News, I thought it advife- 
 able to go on Board the Fa?}ie Sloopi and re- 
 turn to my Fa6lory. In the Way we had a 
 
 Tornajo. fmart Tornado, being the firll: for this Seafon ; 
 
 ,- ^ and the Nieht we arrived at Brucoe we had a 
 
 .Moon to- 1 T-« 1 ■ - /- I TV /r I • 1 I n 1 
 
 tally cclip- ^o^^' J'-cliple of the Moon, which lalted more 
 ifd. than an Hour. 
 
 On
 
 Inland Tarts <?/ A F R I C A. ijp 
 
 On the 4th oijune arrived the Sea Nymph 1733. 
 Sloop, Jchn Brozvji IVIafler, with Mr James 7""^- 
 Boots Writer, and a pretty large Cargo, for 
 this Place. She had likewife Cargoes and 
 Writers aboard for Faiatenda and Tamyama- 
 cunda. By this Conveyance I received the 
 following Letter: 
 
 Mr Francis Moore. 
 7 James For/, May 27, 1733. 
 
 S I R, 
 
 *' 'VT^OU will receive by the Sea iVJ7«/)/; Letter to 
 j[ *' Sloop, Capr. i5rov:£;/?, a fmall Cargo the Au- 
 
 *' ot Goods proper to afTort your Warehoufe^^°'^- 
 
 *' at Briicoe^ agreeable to your former Indent. 
 
 " and as ourprefent Circumftances will admin 
 
 *' of, and which we defire you to make the 
 
 *' beflUfe of you pofTibly can. 
 
 *' A s the Company have very confiderably 
 advanced your CommifTions on Trade, fo 
 we hope ail their Servants, and you Mr 
 Moore m particular, will give the Company 
 
 fuch fmcere Inftances of Fidelity and At- ,i 1 ^ 
 
 tachment in all your Tranfactions for rhem, 7 A/ ^L-^ 
 as well as affable Behaviour to the Natives 
 and Traders, as will be a fuitable Return 
 to them for fuch Favour and Gratuity, vo- 
 luntarily, and out of their good Will be- 
 ftowed on you, fuch Condud; being agree- 
 able to the mofl folemn Engagements you 
 have voluntarily obliged^ourfelf to obferve, 
 under fevere Penalties for ading the con- 
 trary ; in purfuance of which you are ftrid;- 
 ly to obferve the following Inftruftions: 
 
 " You
 
 i6o 
 
 »733' 
 
 TRAVELS into the 
 
 *' You are to make a Prefent of five Gal- 
 " Ions of Rum to the Suma^ on account of 
 '* Mr Hidrs fucceeding Mr Rogers in the Di- 
 " redion of the Company's Affairs here, with 
 *' the ufiial Compliments on the Company's 
 " Behalf; and to afTure him, and other pro- 
 *' per Perfons near you, of the Company's 
 *' Intentions to give very great Encourage- 
 ** ment to trade in thofe Parts 5 but more e- 
 *' fpecially for Dry Goods, Teeth, "Wax, Hides 
 " or Skins of any Sort, and for Cotton, In- 
 ** dico, Gums, or any thing elfe that may be 
 " thought proper for a home Market. 
 
 " There is a red Liquor, that bleeds plen- 
 tifully from the Bark of a Tree call'd Pare 
 d: Sangue, upon Incifion, and in a little 
 time hardens to the Confidence of Gum, 
 which is of great Value, and therefore you 
 are de fired to ufe your utmoft to procure 
 large Quantities of it, for which you may 
 give half a Barr a Pound, or under. Other 
 Improvements will be attempted, in order 
 to enlarge the Demands as well as Returns 
 from thoi'e Parts, which you will have time- 
 ly Advice and Inftrudlions how to proceed 
 therein. 
 
 " Y o V are at all times to take fpecial care 
 *' not Lo diflbrt your Warehoufe, by being 
 *' very careful to be as fparing of the Heads 
 *' of thcMoney as pofllbly you can ', oF which 
 *' you are not, without great NecefTity, to ifllie 
 *' out, but in Trade only. 
 
 "You are likcwifc not to take or pay 
 *' yourftlt, or other Servants, any of the Heads 
 
 *» of
 
 it 
 
 Inland Tarts of K¥ KICK. i6i 
 
 ^* of the Goods, nor any Slaves, Teeth, Wax '733- 
 *' or Gold, or any other Dry Goods, on any 
 " Account whatfoever ; but to remit fuch as 
 " you have of each at every Conveyance that 
 *' offers by the Company's VelTels to the Fort, 
 
 on the Account and Rifque of the Royal 
 
 African Company of England. 
 
 ''You are on no account to pay any 
 " thing to the Account of Wages of any 
 " Servant belonging to the Company, either 
 *' belonging to the Shipping or others ; and 
 *' to take care that fuch as Ihall be under your 
 " Care are not permitted to run in Debt to 
 " the Company ; for fuch Deficiencies and 
 *' Money paid to fuch as do not belong to 
 *' your Faftory, will be placed to your o\^n 
 *' proper Account. 
 
 "You are not to confound your Trade 
 " made with the Natives, Portuguefe or Mer- 
 " chants, as has been, under Pretence to make 
 *' the Merchants and Portuguefe Trade of 
 " Slaves, Teeth, Wax and Gold, come out 
 " more reafonable •, and as Slaves are bought 
 " at much more reafonable Rates of the Na- 
 " tives than of the Merchants, fo likewife are 
 " Teeth, Wax and Gold, bought at under 
 *' or almoft half the Price as of the Portuguefe. » 
 
 *' Therefore all Tranfadlions for the future are 
 " expeded to be juftly entred in your Wafte- 
 " Book, that a fair, clear and true State of 
 " Trade and other Occurrences may be fcen, 
 " and to be a Guide for fuch new Comers as 
 «' may hereafter happen to fucceed you. 
 
 M " 'Tis
 
 ,(5a TRAV ELS into the 
 
 1733. " 'T I s on this account that the Company 
 * ' have order'd their Accounts to be kept in fuch 
 " a Method, as the Profit and Lofs of each 
 *' Fadory may be eafily known. Andinpur- 
 *' fuance to thefe Orders you will now, and 
 " at all Times hereafter, receive Invoices of 
 ** fuch Goods fent yoli at prime Coft in Eng- 
 ** land^ which you are to charge yourfelf with 
 " in your Books in the fame manner. But 
 *' all the particular Species of Goods that are 
 *' paid, fold or iffued out by you, are to be 
 " charged at the real and juft Value they are 
 *' rated or fold at in your Parts, in Barrs, 
 " Shillings and Pence. 
 
 "By every Remittance you are to fend 
 *' us the real Coft, and the particular Goods 
 *' paid for every particular Species remitted 
 ** of Slaves, Teeth, Gold and Wax -, and as it 
 '* has been ufual for fome of the Company's 
 *' Servants to be fo difingenuous as to a6l con- 
 ** trary to their Covenants, and their folemn 
 *' Engagements, as to the Particulars paid 
 " or iffued out, fo likevvife have they in taking 
 all Advantages to themfelves of what Dry 
 Goods they have purchafed. But now, as 
 the Company have fettled yout CommifTions 
 at Five Shillings per Head for every mer- 
 chantable Slave, Five Shillings and Two 
 Shillings and Sixpence for every Hundred Wt 
 of large and fmall Teeth, Five Shillings 
 for every Ounce of Gold, and Two Shil- 
 lings and Sixpence for every Hundred 
 Weight of Wax that you fhall remit to this 
 Fort, we hope it will induce you todifpofe 
 of their Goods to the beft Advantage you 
 pofTibly can, and likewife to account for all 
 
 " other 
 
 <( 
 
 t(
 
 <c 
 
 Inland Tarts <?/ A F R I C A. i6^ 
 
 " other Advantages, and that not to your own 1733. 
 " Account, but for the Company. Your 
 " doing otherwife being not only a Breach of 
 
 your folemn Contraft or Agreement with 
 ■ the Company, but an Injury to their Chief 
 
 Agents, who now draw their CommifTions 
 
 on the clear Profits only that Ihall accrue 
 
 thereby. 
 
 *' Y o u are at all Times hereafter to follow 
 fuch Inftrucftions as you fhall farther receive 
 from us. In the mean Time, as your ftrid: 
 Obfervance of thefe will entitle you to our 
 Favour, fo will your Negle6l oblige us to 
 take fuch Meafures as will be to your Pre- 
 judice. 
 
 '* F o R feveral weighty Reafons you are 
 
 not to purchafe any Gold, of the Poriuguef^ 
 
 or others, at above Twelve Barrs^^r Ounce, 
 
 large and fmall Teeth Eight or Sixteen Barrs ' 
 
 per Hundred Weight, and Wax at Twelve 
 
 Barrs per Hundred, and as much under as 
 
 you can •, for to purchafe Gold or other 
 
 Goods of the Portuguefe at above that Rate, 
 
 is only afforting them with Goods and fuch 
 
 Money as they want to make more Trade 
 
 up the River in your Parts, with little or 
 
 no Advantage to the Company when bought 
 
 at a higher Rate. 
 
 <* This will be deliver'd you by Mr Roots^ 
 who is to be your Afliftanf, we recommend 
 him to your Favour and good Ufage, as he 
 fhall merit •■, and you arc carefully to inftru6t 
 him in the Trade and Cuftoms in your Parts, 
 that on your Removal or Promotion to a 
 better Poft, he may be capable of tranfad- 
 M 2 " ins
 
 i64 T R AVE L S into the 
 
 1733- " ing the Company's Affairs to their Advan-' 
 *' tage ; and you are particularly to let him 
 " fign every Day's Trade or Tranfadions in 
 *' your Wafte-Book, which Book you are to 
 " compleat at the End of June next, and af- 
 *' terwards from the End of June to the End 
 *' o^ Auguft^ and fo on for every two Months 
 *' afterwards ; which Wade-Books you are to 
 " remit down by the firft Opportunity that 
 " fhall offer, firil taking a true Copy to be 
 *' kept at your Fadtory, and perufed by your 
 ** felf and others as Occafion fhall require." 
 
 7'our Loving Fr'wid, 
 
 RICHARD HULL. 
 
 Captain On the 17th, the ^\oo^ Bumper, Captain 
 
 Moorepro- Samuel Moore, came down the River, having 
 
 M??«a^ been trading up at Ta?nya?nacunda thefe two 
 
 Months paft, and where he had met with a 
 
 great deal of Succefs, but chiefly owing to the 
 
 Company's Faftor Mr James Conner, who rc- 
 
 fides there, and protedted him againft the In- 
 
 fults of the Natives, who feveral times endea- 
 
 vour'd to take or kill the faid Captain Moore^ 
 
 for many Injuries they faid they had received 
 
 from him, particularly laft Year \ at which 
 
 A vile time they faid he made Spread-Eagle Dollars 
 
 ^^J^I^P^'^'of Pewter, and gave them in Trade for Silver, 
 
 *^" ^ • which fo incenfed the People, that they are 
 
 refolved to be revenged on him, if poffible ; 
 
 he therefore feldom ventured affiore, and when 
 
 he did, took care to be well arm'd : His Trade 
 
 was moft of it made for him by Mr Conner \ 
 
 for which, no doubt, he had very good Com- 
 
 mifllons. 
 
 With
 
 Inland Tarts of A F R I C A. 163 
 
 With this Sloop came alfo the Company's 1733- 
 Sloop Fame from buying Corn up the River, 
 he ftayM here all Night ; but the Bumper after Bumper 
 a fhort Stay went away, and in the Night-time Sloop at- 
 was attack'd by about an hundred Negroes in ^^ -^ ^^ 
 the very narroweft Part of the River Gafnbia, j-q^j^ 
 between a large Jfland and the Main Land. 
 They fought bravely on both Sides, they fay ; 
 and notwithftanding the Sloop run aground in 
 the midft of the Engagement, yet had they the 
 good Fortune to get clear of them •, but the 
 Super-Cargo, Mr. Lowther, had the Misfor- 
 tune to be fhot in the Belly, and died the next 
 Day ; one Negroe was Ihot, and another 
 wounded in the Leg. 
 
 B V the Fame Sloop I wrote the following 
 Letter to the Governor at James Fort. 
 
 Brucoe, June 18. 1733. 
 
 S I R, 
 
 HIS comes h'j the Y^-ms, Sloops and ferves ^^^^ot's 
 
 T 
 
 to acknowledge the Receipt of yours on the T^"p "^^ 
 4?^ Injlant^ and alfo the Cargo you were pleased ^^ james 
 to fend me hy Capt. Brown. I fhall take care to Fort. 
 comply with your Orders in regard to the keeping 
 my Books ; and have always endeavour'' d to ?nake 
 it appear that I have a juft Regard for the Com- 
 pany and their Intereft^ according to the folemn 
 Engagement I have made with them, 
 
 I A M forry to find you have debarred me 
 from trading with the Portuguefe, becaufe I am 
 certain it will be a Lofs to the Company^ there 
 being as much Trade to be made with them as with 
 the Mundingoes •, and this I can affureyou^ that 
 when the Canoas come down the River, and are 
 M 3 defirous
 
 ■M TRAV ELS into the 
 
 1733. defirous to trade with me, they do not want the 
 Money to make more 'Trade, but only to buy Cloths 
 at Joar and Cower on their ff^ay down. How- 
 ever, as you have given 7ne fuch pofitive Orders^ 
 I am refolved not to trade with them ; hut fooner 
 than they will fell their Wax and Teeth to me for 
 the Prices you mentioned, they will carry it down 
 to the Separate Traders ^ and fell it for a greater, 
 
 I AM furprized to find you have debarred jne 
 from taking any Iron^ or any other of the Heads of 
 the Money to Diet Account, becaufe it is impojfible 
 to buy Provifwns without it *, and unlefs you will 
 pleafe to allow it, we muft either Jiarve or be obli- 
 ged to leave the Factory, 
 
 I HAVE by Capt. Saxby fent a Piece of 
 Gum, which I believe was taken from the Pau 
 de Sangue, / defire you woidd pleafe to examine 
 it, and let vie know if it is the right Sort ; becaufe^ 
 if it is, I will do my utmofl to procure large ^an- 
 tities of it, and do not doubt but I fhall get it 
 •very reafonably. I am forry to acquaint you that 
 the Trade here is very fmall, and I am afraid it 
 will not anfwer the Charges of the Fa5iory, and 
 I dare fay that half the Trade that has been made 
 here has been with the Canoas. Since I received 
 your Orders not to trade with the Portuguefe, 
 / have loft the Buying of a good deal of fVax» 
 I have nought to add ; but remain^ 
 
 S I R, 
 
 Tour moft himble Servant, 
 
 FRA. MOORE. 
 On
 
 Inland Tarts ^AFRICA. 167 
 
 On the 19th in the Morning came up a i733- 
 Long-Boat with Meflieurs John Leach and 
 John Cooper late Mailers of Sloops in the Com- Meflieurs 
 pany's Service ; but having got fomething ^^^^^^^"^^ 
 wherewithal to purchafe a few Slaves, they up fo'r 
 have now let up for themfelves, and are going them- 
 up towards Cuttejar or Samy^ in order to trade f^^^^s. 
 and fettle. 
 
 About a Week after they were paflTed by 
 my Faflory, I received a Meflage from the 
 Gentlemen at James Fort, andamongft others 
 the following Letter or Order, 'v'lz. 
 
 r^^ ikfr M O O R E. 
 
 James Fort, June 16. 1733. 
 Sir, 
 
 WHEREAS Captain Cooper and Captain Letter to 
 Leach have ungeneroujly left the Compa-^^^^^^^^^ 
 Ti'fs Employ^ under Pretence of having received 12^ 
 Letters from their Friends in England to return yqxx,. 
 home^ and having not onl'j wrote Letters and 
 petitioned for their Difcharge for the fame by Cap- 
 tain NalTi, which was complied with by us ; but 
 fince we are informed they only intended to de- 
 ceive us to ferve their own private Ends, and 
 to carry on a Trade dejlru^ive to the Compa- 
 nfs Interefi^ and the former 'Truft repofed in 
 them : 
 
 THESE are therefore frilly to enjoin you^ 
 that on no Account whatfoever you harbour^ en- 
 tertain^ exchange^ or have any Dealings^ Barter 
 or Converfe^ with the abovemention* d Perfons. 
 Tour flriU Ohfervance of thefe Orders will con- 
 I'ince us how much you have the Company's Inte- 
 M 4 reji
 
 i68 TRAVELS into the 
 
 1733. reft at Heart, as the contrary will caufe a du& 
 Refentment^ as being a high Breach of Orders^ 
 the which you miift anfwer at your Peril. 
 
 AS to what you write concerning the Por- 
 tuguefe, we donU deharr you from making trade 
 with them ; hut in cafe you do, we firi5ily en- 
 join you not to diffort yourfelf of the Capitals, nor 
 give any Iron upn Gold, but what Jhall he 
 charged at two Barrs for one to them, the com- 
 tnon Price up the River. As to Neceffaries for 
 Diet, we do not forbid your taking up of fome 
 Iron, hut recommend to you to he as frugal of 
 the fame as pojfible. 
 
 NOl'HING more offering at prefent, only 
 that Mr Rogers takes his Pajfage in the Dol- 
 phin Snow in about a Week, and that we daily 
 expeSl a frefh Cargo in the Guinea Pacquety 
 we remain 
 
 l^our Loving Friends, 
 
 RICHARD HULL, 
 JAMES DAVIS, 
 JOHN HAMILTON. 
 
 ju/j. On the 12th of July in the Evening the 
 Ga?nbia Shallop, Geo. Lafon Mafter, came up 
 hither from Jajnes Fort : By whom I receiv'd 
 the following Letter. 
 
 Mr FRANCIS MOORE. 
 
 James Fort, July 6, 1733. 
 Another Sir, 
 Letter t | ^HIS fervcs to advife you that we have fet 
 
 j^cs J^ ^-^'^^ ^^ ~""~~~* fro?n having any 
 
 Von. ^^-"".^ io do in the Dire^ion here ; and that as 
 
 Mi'
 
 Inland Tarts <?/ A F R I C A. 165) 
 
 Mr Hugh Hamilton has refigned the Company's i733' 
 Service^ and Mr James Conner is now the Se- 
 Tiior Fa5lor^ we have fent for him down^ in order 
 to fupply the Vacancy occafior^d by Mr . 
 
 making too free with the Companfs Warehoufe 
 here, to our Detriment as well as the Companfs. 
 We have therefore appointed you tofucceeed Mr 
 Conner at Yamyamacunda Fa5lory ; and da 
 hereby deftre you to make all pojfible Difpatcb to 
 inventory all the Companfs Effe^s now in your 
 Pojfejfion, and deliver the fame into the Hands 
 of Mr James Roots, whom we have appointed 
 to fucceed you : And we further advife you, to 
 give him all the good Advice and In(lru5fion 
 you can, that he may the better be able to trade^ 
 and condu5f himfelf for his own and the Compa- 
 ny's Advantage -, and then you are to proceed to 
 Yamyamacunda, and there likewife to inventory 
 all the Company's Effects, and take on you the 
 Dire^ion of that FaStory ; where, if you behave 
 as we wifh, in a little time you may expe5i to be 
 further promoted; for we think proper to acquaint 
 you, that we expe£i a conftderable Addition to be 
 made to the Chief Fa5ior on the Arrival of the 
 Guinea Pacquet, which is now daily expelled, 
 
 TOU are to obferve thofe Orders relating to 
 the two Refugee Captains, that were lately in the 
 Companfs Service. We wifh you Health and 
 Succefs j and are 
 
 Tour Loving Friends, 
 
 RICHARD HULL, 
 JOHN HAMILTON. 
 
 The next Morning I took an Account of 
 the Company*s EfFeds, and delivered them up 
 
 to
 
 i^o TRAVELS into the 
 
 I7J3- to Mr Roots •, after which I went and hired a 
 Canoa to carry me up the River, for the 
 
 Frefhes were now To ftrong that the Shallop 
 ^oes f'or could not proceed j fo leaving Mr Roots as 
 ramyama- Chief, and Mr Barnfather his AfTiftant, I the 
 curja. next Day fet out for Tamyamacunda, in Com- 
 pany with Geo. La/on the Mafter of the Shallop. 
 
 Arrives at O N the 15th, about One o* Clock in the 
 Dubocun- Morning, we arrived at Duhocunda, where I 
 ^^' went afhore to take my Leave of the Suma^ 
 
 under whofe Proteftion Brucoe Fa<5tory is put, 
 and alfo to acquaint him of Mr Roots's being 
 Chief there ; and having recommended the 
 Company's Affairs to his Proteftion, I em- 
 barked, and proceeded to Cuttejarr ; where 
 Meff. Leach and Cooper were building a Houfe 
 in order to fettle. Here we hired Horfes to 
 go over Land to Samy, ordering the Canoa 
 to make the beft of her Way to Fendalacunduy 
 aboiic Ten Miles below 2a?n^a7nacunda. That 
 Evening we reached Samy^ where we lay at 
 M r Lemaigre\. The next Morning we defign'd 
 to have crofs'd Satny River, and ride to Fen- 
 dalacunda ; but we were not able to perfuade 
 the Owners of the Horfes (who went along 
 with us) to letusfwim them acrofs the River j 
 Danger of they being more afraid for their Horfes than 
 Croco- we were for ourfelves, that the Crocodiles 
 *^^"- fliould feizethem. They are exceeding plenty 
 in chat River, and withal very mifchievous; 
 lor they very often catch Men by the Legs, 
 and carry them away as they are wading up 
 to cl\eir Knees or Middles in the River to un- 
 load Boats or Canoas, which they are at low 
 Water obliged fometimes to do. Being thus 
 difappointcd of riding, we crofs'd the River 
 
 in
 
 Inland Tarts c/ AFRICA. \yt 
 
 in a Canoa, and fet out on Foot for Fendala- i733« 
 cunda, where we arrived in about three Hours, 
 being Ten Miles, or thereabouts. We ftay'd 
 till the Evening, and then our Canoa arriving 
 we immediately went on Board and proceeded 
 for Tamyamacunda, but in a very tirefome 
 Manner, by reafon of the Frefhes, which were prdhes; 
 fo ftrong that we could row againft it but very 
 flowly. The next Morning we got out of the 
 Canoa, and walked to the Factory -, but the 
 Canoa, altho' there were fix good Rowers on 
 Board her, could not arrive before the Even- 
 ing. 
 
 On the 19th we took an Inventory of the 
 Company's Effefts, and about Midnight Mr 
 Conner went away in the Canoa which brought 
 me up ; by whom I fent the following Letter 
 to the Gentlemen at James Fort. ^ 
 
 Yamyamacunda, July 19. 1733. 
 Gentlemen, 
 
 THIS comes by Mr Conner, and ferves to Author^s 
 acknowledge the Receipt of yours of the Letter. 
 6th Injlant ; in furfuance of which, I hired a 
 Canoa -, and having deliver d up the CG??ipany's 
 EffeUs at Brucoe into the Pojfeffion of Mr James 
 Roots, I embark' d for this Place ; and after a 
 great deal of Fatigue and trouble, I am fafely 
 arrived here, and have took an Inventory of the 
 Company s Goods'; which you will herewith re- 
 ceive, Jign'd by Mr Conner and myfelf I mufi 
 confefs I am not a little concerned at my Removal 
 upwards ; and had I not the Company's Interejl 
 very much at Hearty I could not comply with your 
 Orders for me to come here ; for I am at prefcnt 
 
 very
 
 172 TRAVELS into the 
 
 1733. very ill, and have been /of or fome Time pafi, as 
 ?ny Letters have before now made appear to you. 
 I am forry to tell you, that Mr Dixon is dead 
 at Fatatenda •, and as I believe there will be feme 
 Gentleman fent up there, fo I hope you'll favour 
 me with an Afjijlant -, for fhould I when alone do 
 any othcrwift than well^ it might be very prejudi- 
 cial to the Co?npanfs Jffairs. Having not to 
 add, I remain. 
 
 Gentlemen, 
 
 Tonr humble Servant, 
 
 FRA. MOORE. 
 
 Auguji. O N the 25th, in the Evening, Mr John 
 Phillips came hither from Fatatenda, on his 
 Way down to the Fort, with a very fore Leg, 
 which had made him lame and feverifh. The 
 fame Day a Mahometan, who pretends to great 
 Cures, came to the Fadlory to fee me ; I 
 fliow'd him Mr Phillips's Leg, and he faid he 
 would make a Cure of it, without the Fatigue 
 of going Six Hundred Miles in an open Boat, 
 which is the Diftance between this and James 
 Fort. Mr Phillips gladly embraced the Prof- 
 fer, and let him undertake the Cure of his Leg; 
 which he did by fomenting it with Herbs. 
 
 overflows. 
 
 September. On the 14th of Septefnber the Gambia was 
 Gambia rofe fo high, that it began to enter my Cirk, 
 which is an Inclofure round the Faftory-Houfe, 
 made with fplit Cane, ten Foot high, in the 
 Nature of an Hurdle, fupported and well 
 propp'd up witli long Sticks. The Water 
 likewife in the Rice-Grounds and Valleys rofe 
 fo high, that it began to come into the Back- 
 Fart
 
 Mand Tarts (?/ A F R I C A. 173 
 
 Part of my Cirk; fo that if it continued ri- 1733- 
 fing, it would inevitably have demoliCh'd the 
 Walls of the Faftory. The next Morning 
 finding the Water on both Sides the Houfe 
 continuing to rife, and that it had undermined 
 the Walls of it, which began to crack, and 
 there being already a Communication between 
 the River and the Rice-Grounds, infomuch Occafions 
 that the Houfe was quite furrounded with the Author 
 Water, I employ'd all the Servants to build S ""r?. 
 me a Hutt in the very Middle or the 1 own 
 of I'amyamactinda^ being the highefl: Spot of 
 Ground thereabouts. 
 
 The next Morning, being the 6th o( Sep- 
 te?nber, the Water having rofe to the very 
 Walls of the Faftory on both Sides of it, 
 which feem'd ready to fall, the Walls being 
 built with only a binding Clay, I made all ^"d de- 
 the Difpatch I could, and removed the Com- p^^^^^^^^ 
 pany's Effeds to my new Hutt in the Town. 
 And having committed the Slaves to the 
 Charge of the Head -Man of the Town, I 
 thought it advifeable to leave the Fa6lory, 
 there being Frogs, Toads, Snakes and Fifli, 
 continually coming into it. After we had 
 got every thing out of it, about Midnight 
 fome of the Walls fell down with a terrible 
 Noife like Thunder, but the Roof Hill flood 
 faft •, there was no Body left in it, and no 
 hurt was done. 
 
 For thefe ten Days pad, we daily faw vaft 
 numbers of floating Iflands come down the j^'^X^ 
 River, fome of them very large, being 20 
 or 25 yards long, with Stumps of Trees, and 
 fometimes a great many fmall Trees growing 
 
 on
 
 174 TRAVELS into the 
 
 1733- on them, with Birds upon them. The Roots 
 being faften with Earth C thick interlaced 
 with one another) made the Iflands float, 
 which were parcels of Woods torn away by the 
 force of the Floods. 
 
 On the iSth, early in the Morning Mr 
 
 Roots Philips having almoft cured his Leg, went for 
 
 Fatatenda over land, in a Canoa, the Road 
 
 hence thither being now fome Feet unde 
 
 Water. 
 
 About two Days afterwards the Water 
 began to fall apace. The Natives told me, 
 that for thefe eight Years paft, they had not 
 had fuch an Inundation. In the laft, the 
 Account of ^^"^P^^y ^uff^^^*^ ^ great deal of Damage, 
 the Inun- fof they had then a Factory at Cuttejarr, 
 dation. which was overflowed, and fcarce any ofthe 
 Goods accounted for ; which, I thank God, 
 was not now the Cafe, for I had the pleafure 
 to find not a bit of Goods lofl: or damaged, 
 nor any other Charges accruing to the Com- 
 pany, than the repairing the taftory Houfe, 
 which is inconfiderablc. All theVallies here- 
 abouts were under Water, the Rice-Grounds 
 almofl: fpoiled with lying lo long drowned. 
 Canons went from place to place over the very 
 Roads, which in the dry Seafon the Natives 
 travel on foot, and Provifions were fo fcarce, 
 that I was fometimes two Days without a pof- 
 fibility of getting any, ior want of Canoas, 
 without wliich 1 had not been able to go 
 twenty I'ards from mv Hutt. 
 
 Dcath'^ of ^^ '■'^^ 20th, about Noon came down 
 hUPhiUtps Mr Philips^ with his Leg in a moll miferable 
 
 Con-
 
 Inland Tarts <?/ A F R I C A. lys 
 
 Condition, he having ftruck it againft the i753« 
 Stump of a Tree, as he was walking up from 
 the Canoa to the Faftory at Fatatenda ; it 
 was fo bad that without fpeedy Relief he muft 
 inevitably lofe his Life ; he therefore defjgned 
 to make the bed of his way down to James 
 Fort, he flayed all Night, and the next Morn- 
 ing I hired fome People to row him down to 
 Brucoe. 
 
 On the 2d of 05ioher, the People which 
 carried Mr Phillips, returned with the melan- 
 choly Account of his dying about twelve 
 Miles ^vom Brucoe, that they carried him there, 
 and that Mr Railton, the Company^s Chief 
 there, had buried him. 
 
 On the 27th having received advice tha^ 
 there was a Defign to fleal my Slaves from 
 the Houfe where I had ordered them to be 
 kept, and finding the Facflory- Houfe tolerably 
 ■ dry, fome part of the Walls, and all the Roof 
 being left flanding, I thouglit it befl to leave 
 my Hutt, and go live there again -, according- 
 ly 1 removed the Company's Slaves, and other 
 KfFe6ls thither. 
 
 O N the 3d of Novemlcr, \ received the '^ovemh. 
 melancholy News of the Death of Mr Railton, Death of 
 the Company's Chief at Brucoe, who iiad the Mri?«;7/fl« 
 Misfortune (as he was chaftifing his BlackBoy) 
 to fall down with his Head againft the Thre- 
 fhold of his Chamber Door, and fplit his Skull, 
 and died after lying twelve Hours fpeechlefs. 
 
 The next Day we had a very fmart Shower 
 of Rain. Now the Weather began to be very 
 
 cold,
 
 176 TRAVELS into the 
 
 1733- cold, Mornings and Evenings, but in the 
 middle of the Day ftill hot. 
 
 Vccmber. On the I ft of December, fome of the Na- 
 tives having got a Net, came and defired I 
 ■would go along with them to fifli in the 
 Lake overagainft Tamyamacunda. We caught 
 a great Number of Fifh, and amongft the 
 Author reft one Ibmething like a Gudgeon, but much 
 catches a larger. None of them cared to touch it, nei- 
 Torpedo, [her would they fuffer me to come near it, 
 or Numb- j-gUing me that it would kill me. Some of 
 them got long Sticks, and touched the Filh 
 with it ; but as they found the Effecfb was not 
 fo very ftrong as they imagined, they cut the 
 Sticks fhorter and ihorter, and even at fix 
 Inches Length the Fifh had no Effedl •, but at 
 laft, when they touched it with their Fingers, 
 they could not bear it the twentieth Part of 
 a Minute. By this time I underftood it was 
 a Torpedo, or Numb-Fifh, and had the Cu- 
 riofity of touching it with one of my Fingers, 
 Its Quali- but in a Moment's time my Arm was dead 
 *y- quite up to my Elbow •, as foon as 1 withdrew 
 
 my Hand, my Arm came to itfelf again. 
 I touched it a great many times, and found 
 it have the fame Effect, even after the Fifh 
 was dead. Then I order'd one of the People 
 to skin it, and found that the Qiiality lay in 
 the Skin only j which, when dried, had no 
 Effcd at all. 
 
 O N the 20th arrived the Fame Sloop on 
 her way to Fatatenda^ having brought me 
 Forkillas and other things to rebuild this 
 Fadory-Houfe. 
 
 The
 
 Inland Tarts tf/ A F R I C A. 177 
 
 The Faftory being fo much damaged, it 1733. 
 was neccflary to be rebuilt, of which 1 had 
 given an Account to the Chiefs at James Fort. 
 The beft Trees for Forkillas and Ridge- Poles, 
 are Mangroves, which grow below Joar; 
 therefore they lent me up Forkillas and other 
 Timbers to rebuild it, and this Day I received 
 them by the jR^;-^^' Sloop, and their Orders for 
 fo doing. 
 
 Having pitched upon a rifing Ground a- 
 bout 50 Yards diftant from the River, I mark- 
 ed a Place for the Houfe 40 Feet Square. I 
 firft of all got up the Forkillas, (which are 
 the fame as Crutches) about 30 Feet long, 4 
 Feet in the Ground, at 28 Feet diftance from 
 each other. We laid the Ridge-PoIe between 
 the two Forkillas, from each of which we 
 had two Braces, ftretched to the Corners of 
 the Houfe, and there refted upon fmaller 
 Forkillas, 14 Feet long, 11 Feet above, and 3 
 under Ground ; this made the Square oF the ^ 
 Houfe. Between the Corner-Forkillas we fet gre^aJJfa °a 
 a fufficient Number of others, in Lines of an Faaory. 
 equal fize, to fupport the Plates j from thefe 
 Plates to the Ridge-PoIe, we laid the longer 
 Rafters, and from the Plates to the Braces, 
 fhorter ones. We ufed no Iron, but fecured 
 the Rafters to the Ridge- P'ole and Plates by 
 Wyths, of a kind of Wood much tougher 
 and flronger than Willow. The Rafters jet- 
 ted out about 4 Feet over the Plates, in order 
 that the Eves might fecure the Walls. 
 
 Having thus eafily raifed the Frame, Wall? 
 we next began to build the Walls of Clay, '^uilt. 
 which the Negroes tread with their Feet, and 
 N there-
 
 178 TRAVELS into the 
 
 1733- thereby temper it fo well that it will not crack. 
 We laid the Wallsa Foot and half thick, and 
 one Foot high all round the Houfe, and let 
 it lland till it was hard enough to bear a fe- 
 cond Layer, and fo raifed it Foot by Foot, 
 till it was lo Feet high, leaving one Foot 
 diftance between it and the Roof, for Air. 
 As the Wall is of unbaked Clay, if the Plates 
 relied upon it, it would fail, therefore we 
 made the Walls juft without the fmall For- 
 killas, and if the Wall was expofed to the 
 Weather, it would be wafli'd away, which is 
 the reafon we made the Rafters to jet out 
 four Feet beyond the Plates, as before 
 mentioned, that the Thatch might cover the 
 Walls. At the fame time we raifed the Partiti- 
 on-Wall of Clay, of the flime Thicknefs, 
 working the Clay clofe up to the Doors and 
 Window-Frames. Inftead of Trowels they 
 cut and trimmed the Clay very fmoouh and 
 neat, with Knives made for that purpofe. 
 Porch ^^ "^^^ made a Porch, by the Natives called 
 made. ^n Alpainter, of the fame Materials, only 
 to prevent the Rains foaking in at the joyn- 
 ing of the Roofs, we laid hollow fplit Ciboa 
 Trees for Gutters. The Natives fay, they 
 have a right to have an Alpainter or a Porch 
 at every Faflory to be without Doors, where 
 they might have Accel's and Shelter. The Walls 
 and Roof being made, we next tied on Lines 
 upon the Rafters inltead of Lathes, upon 
 this we thatched, not as they do in Englajid^ 
 by laying the Straw upon the Houfe, but by 
 tying the Straw in Bundles, about the 
 Size of a Man's Wrift, and about 3 Feet 
 Jong, tying them together upon the Ground 
 into Mates, and then fpread on the Rafters, 
 
 Row
 
 A p JL Aisr o r 
 
 1 . ^i/7i€ t'/Z/iii/fi/r^e 
 
 a.^r^^J^'a/l - 
 
 6. t/?/^ Ja^^^^^t^^^ ... 
 
 ^ ^/le J^'/rAs/7 
 
 g^z^/^l f--. 
 
 JO tm^^ ^/'^/i^/creZ//T^</. 
 
 12 i/Ti^ ^uiaa^
 
 Inland Tarts of AFRICA. i r^ 
 
 Row above Row, lapping over like Tyles, 1733- 
 and thefc they tie to the Cane Laths. Hav- 
 ing covered the Houfe, we floored it with 
 Chiy, hard rammed-, we fecured the Store 
 on the Right-hand fide, from Fire and 
 Thieves, by fixing a great Number of ftrongT'^^tcli- 
 Forkillas, 3 Feet in the Ground, upon thefe'"^ "*^^* 
 we laid Timbers like Joyfts, and crols'd them 
 with fplit Ciboa Trees, inflead of Boards, 
 and upon this v;e fpread a Coat above a Foot 
 thick, of the fame tempered Clay with the 
 Floufe, and worked the fame clofe up to the 
 Walls, fo that no Wood could appear through 
 if, and therefore, tho* the Roofs fhould be 
 burned, the Store -houfe would be out of Dan- 
 ger, it only baking and cracking a little of the 
 outfideof the Clay, as we have experienced, 
 when the Factory at Brucoe was burnt. 
 
 I have been the longer in the Defcribing 
 this, becaufe I thought it would be amufing 
 to the Reader, to fee how eafily the People, 
 whom we call Barbarous, can procure the Con- 
 veniencies of Life. Here is a Houfe built, Diir.en- 
 with a Hall 40 Foot by 15, two Lodging fions. 
 Rooms 20 Feet by 13, and 3 flrong Siore- 
 houfes, without any Iron-work, Trowells, 
 Squares, or Carpenters Rules, and with the 
 fmalleft Expence to the Company, for I did it 
 with their Servants only, having hired no other 
 help but the Man vv'ho laid and fmooth'ci 
 the Clay. And the Lifide was not only con- 
 venient and tree from Vermin, but very clean, 
 and had a cool Look, for the Clay is hard, 
 dole, fmooth, and takes White wafii vcrv 
 well. 
 
 N2 
 
 With-
 
 iSo TRAVELS into the 
 
 1-33. \yithout the Houfe were two fliady Bifhelo 
 Yard for yf/^cs, and a piece of Ground, of about an 
 '^S^- Acre, which we inclofed with a Cirk made of 
 fplit Cane, wove lilie Hurdles, 10 Feet high. 
 Within this Fence, at proper Diftances from 
 the Fa<5lory, we built four Houfes after the 
 Mundlngo Faflnon, one for a Kitchen, one for 
 a Sait-houfe, another for a Corn-houfe, and 
 the other for the Company's Black Servants 
 to lie in ; the Ground between we ufed for 
 a Garden, and fome Part of it for Fowl, and 
 other Stock. 
 
 Guinea The Poultry puts me in mind of the 
 
 FowJs. Guinea Fowls, that are of a dark Colour, with 
 white Spots, and Blue and Red about the 
 Heads, and which are much valued in England. 
 Thele are generally efteemed to be the tame 
 Fowl of Jftica^ but that is a miftake, they 
 are wild as Pheafimts in England^ only much 
 plentier. The only tame Fowls of this Coun- 
 try are of the fame kind of Dunghil Breed, as 
 thofe in Europe, and the Natives have them 
 in vaft Plenty, but Turkeys, Tame Geele or 
 Ducks, they have none among them. 
 
 The Fame Sloop flayed here a Day, and 
 then proceeded up the River, and in about 
 nine Davs returned a2;ain, havinc; broke up 
 l-actory of [ji^j- Factory, and brought all the Company's 
 hiokc""^'' Goods from thence, and with them, Mr. 
 Thctnas Palmer^ the Company's Chief there. 
 This Faclory is broke on account ot the ill 
 Ufage the Company and their Servants have 
 received there, at the Hand of Hume Badgy 
 King of Tcman^^ of whom I have before 
 made mcntior. 
 
 For
 
 Inland Tarts ^/AFRICA. i8i 
 
 For fome time paft I had been very ill 1734. 
 with an Ague and Fever, and wrote fevera! 7'^'-'"^'y- 
 times to the Gentlem.en at James Fort^ to fend 
 fome body up to relieve me j on the Sth of 
 January Mr James Forf^th^ who lately came 
 from England^ arrived in the James Sloop, in 
 order to take upon him the Direftion of this 
 Fadory, bringing with him a fmall Cargo, 
 and Mr Fullwood for his Writer, with orders 
 for me to come down to the Fort in cafe my 
 Illnefs continued ; I immediately delivered up Author's 
 the Company's Effedis to Mr Forfjlh, and on Illnefs oc- 
 the 1 2th embarked in the James Sloop for the <^a^io"s 
 Fort, in order to get cure for my Illnefs, |o"^^°J° 
 and to fettle my Accounts. Fortf'^'^^ 
 
 W E Oopt at Fendalacundai and took in 
 fixty Barrels of Corn for James Fort, and 
 foon after reached Cuttejarr^ where Mr Palmer, 
 in joint CommifTion with Capt. Brozvu, of the 
 Fame Sloop, were trading for the Company, 
 with the Goods brought from Fal:atenda. 
 
 On the 19th I arrived at Riimhus Port, near 
 '^oar, where the French Snow Capt. Coffin, a 
 Separate Trader, was then trading, havino- 
 in about a Month purchafed feventy five 
 prime Slaves, fit for Cadiz or Lisbon, to one 
 of which Places he was configned. I flayed 
 here one Day, and on the 24th arrived at 
 James Fort, and was kindly received by Go- 
 vernor Hull. 
 
 O N the 4th of February the Governor, as Fdruarf. 
 he wais riding from Seaca to Gillyfree, had the '^^^ ^°" 
 Misfortune to be thrown off his Horfe, and TT' u- 
 
 N' , breaks his 
 3 break Arm.
 
 loiffi 
 
 182 TRAVELS mto the 
 
 »73+- break his Arm. Soon after arrived the Ship 
 Phccn'ix^ Capt. V later Onley\ from Holland^ 
 who fainted the Fort with nine Guns, and had 
 the fame Number returned \ after which he 
 went and anchored at Gi/lyfrec. 
 
 C. Cofn, Ox the iSth the Company's Sloop y/^-u^f^- 
 a Separate ,^^^^ Ham Johnfon Mafter, who had been up 
 dies; and ^^^ River purchafing Corn, came down to the 
 his People Fort with Advice, that Captain Coffin of the 
 taken by P'mch Snow was dead, and that the Natives 
 A;^.^"^' had taken his Chief Mate and Surgeon Pri- 
 foners, as they were coming on Board from 
 the Shore where they buried him. He was 
 immediately difpatched back again to J oar in 
 his Sloop, to give all the Affiftance in his 
 Power to the Snow, and to endeavour to gee 
 the beforementioned Perfons releafed from the 
 Jollcijf!^ for fuch they were that had detained 
 them. 
 
 On the iGih came up a French Sloop to 
 yilbreda from Goree^ with one Monfieur Bcnoifl,, 
 Chief for ilnu Plact\ and with himtwoAfTi- 
 ftants : They falutcd our Fort with feven Gun?, 
 which rt'turncd the fame Number; after which 
 Monfieur Benoijl came to the Ifland, to vifit his 
 old Acquaintance Governor //;///•, they having 
 been in this River together ten Years ago. In 
 '''"'' the Afternoon the linch Snow arrived from 
 comes to 7^^*'i having left the Surgeon and Mate in the 
 7. Fort. Hands of the JollQiJfs, and with no more than 
 The Go- ^^^^^ White Men on Board that were not ill. 
 vcrnor She pafied the Jdventure Sloop lafl Night 
 takes care without feeing her ; but Mr Johnfon hearing 
 oi her. j.|^j^{. [|^(_. Snow was come down, made the belt 
 of his Way after her, and arrived here in the 
 
 Even* 
 
 Tituh
 
 Inland Tarts <?/ A F R I G A. 183 
 
 Evening. Mr Hull fent our Surgeon to look. J;34- 
 after the Sick on Board the Fincb^ and alfo put 
 four Dutchmen on Board to look after the Vef- 
 fcl and Slaves. 
 
 O N the 2 id we faw a Veilel coming from 
 the Sea, which about Noftn came to anchor at 
 Gillyfree^ being the Scipio, Capt. Gordon, a Se- 
 parate Trader, in Twenty live Days frpni 
 Brijlol. She faluted the Fort with eleven Guns, 
 which returned the fame Number. 
 
 The next Day after the Second Mate and 
 one Sailor belonging to the Fwi:/^ Snow died. 
 As there was no Body to take care of the Vef- 
 fei, or carry any Command aboard, our Go- 
 vernor with fome others and myfelf went on 
 Board, and had every thing put under Lock 
 and Key, except the Slaves, of which there 
 were Sixty fix on Board, and feven Men-Slaves 
 afhore on the Ifland ; Mr James Conner was 
 order*d to lie on Board the Ship. 
 
 The fame Evening the Adventure Sloop 
 was fent up to Joar^ to get the Surgeon and 
 Mate of the Finch Snow releafed from the Jol- Jolhiffs 
 loiffs^ who infilled upon being paid 20 Slaves Reafons 
 in Goods for their Redemption •, and the Rea- f^'' ^^^^"* 
 fon they gave for their detaining them was, cJ^^^a^' 
 that the Captain when alive ufed them ill when Mate and 
 they came to trade with him. Dodor. 
 
 On the 26th, feeing a Vefiel coming from 
 the Sea, we fired a Shot to bring her to ; upon 
 which the Captain came up, and acquainted 
 us fhe was a Separate Trader, the T-6o;«^i Bri- 
 gantine, Henry Smith Mafter, from Liverpool: 
 N 4. Ac
 
 i84 TRAVELS into the 
 
 1734. At Noon Ihe anchor*d at Gillyfree, and fala- 
 ted the Fort with nine Guns, which return*J 
 the Tame Number. The fame Day the Boat- 
 Iwain of the Finch Snow died on Board her. 
 
 March. O N the 25th the Governor and myfelf di- 
 ned with Capt. OnU'jy and the fame Day came 
 
 up a Separate Trader, the Liverpool Merchant, 
 Capt. Gelding, from Liverpool, and anchored 
 at GiUyfreey faluting the Fort with feven Guns, 
 which returned the fame Number, 
 
 The Au- O N the 27th, being recovered of my late 
 thor fent IJlnefs, the Company's Affairs up the River 
 up theRi- being; ill-manao-ed by feme of their Servants, 
 Tradinc^ * ^^^ ^^^^ "P ^n a Trading Voyage in the 
 Voyage. Jafnes Sloop, Nap Gray Mailer, having firft 
 received from the Governor and Chief Mer- 
 chants the following Inftrudiions, viz. 
 
 James F(?r/, Mar. 27, 1734. 
 
 S I R, 
 
 ^ Tp // E prefent Situation of the Companfs 
 
 X yiffairs up the River obliges us to fend 
 
 you up., in order to enquire into the Conduct of 
 
 Meffieurs and , and to remit us 
 
 doivn a fair and impartial Account thereof-^ as 
 Ukcwife you are to report to us the State and Be- 
 haviour of the Factors and FaHories of Tan- 
 crowall, Joar, Brucoe and Yamyamacunda, 
 provided that without Lofs of Tunc or Trade \ou 
 can call at^ or do proceed fo high up the River. 
 
 j^T your Arrival at Joar you are duly to 
 iveigh and confider, whether it is better for you 
 to flay there to oppofc the Shipping at that Fac- 
 
 His Or. 
 d(.rs.
 
 Inland Tarts ^/AFRICA. i 8 > 
 
 /ory, or to try what can he done with the?n at 1734^ 
 Cuttejarr •, arid^ if you think proper^ to follow them 
 down to Joar, and there to make Trade with your 
 Cargo joyn'd to that which you will find at the 
 Fa^ory. 
 
 WHEN you arrive at Cuttejarr, you are im- 
 mediately to take an Inventory of all the Compa- 
 nf s Effects there ajhorcy or on Board the Com- 
 pany's Sloop Fame, whdrefoever you Jhall meet; 
 
 with her. 
 
 AS we are defirous that the fmall Cargo, on 
 Board with you, he deliver'' d with all imaginable 
 Speed to Mr James Forfyth at Yamyamacun- 
 da ; fo we leave it to you ^ as you Jhall judge con- 
 venient^ whether to proceed to that Port with the 
 James Sloops or to flay on Board //^d-Fame, Cap- 
 tain Brown, till her Return^ and then to difpatch 
 her down with all the Trade., and with fuch Or- 
 ders as you Jhall judge mojl convenient for to pre- 
 vent any Difturhance. 
 
 A S the Nature of Affairs you are nozv fent 
 on requires Caution and Moderation., efpecially 
 relating to the Differences fuhjifling between MeJ- 
 
 fieurs and- \ fo you are to acquaint 
 
 the two former., that they are fent for down., that 
 it may be known how truly they have a5ted, and 
 to enquire as to the Merits of the Accufers and Ac- 
 cufed -, which Accufations are mofl fcandalous., and 
 tend much to the Hurt and Prejudice of the Com- 
 pany., even if it Jhould prove ihatjuch Fa5fs were 
 not committed. 
 
 A S you have beenjome Tears in the Company'' s 
 Service here, and have atfed conjifkent with your 
 
 Duty \
 
 186 TRAVELS into the 
 
 1 734- Dut"^ ; [o we now place fiich Confidence in "jou, 
 that we do not in the leajl doubt your prudent 
 Management^ and conduSlin^ of every Concern 
 for ihe Intereli of the Company. In Confequence 
 thereof ^Wr leave every Affair to be tranfaoled^ as 
 you Pj all think willmofl conduce to the Company* s 
 Interefl and Advantage. IVe wi/h you Health 
 and Succefs, and are 
 
 Your Loving Friends, 
 
 RICHARD HULL, 
 HUGH HAMILTON. 
 
 About Noon I embarked on Board, and 
 having a frefn Gale, I pafled by TancrowaU 
 without flopping j in forty Hours I arrived at 
 Joar ; and having infpeded the Factory, I pro- 
 ceeded on my Way up, and on the ill oi April 
 arrived at Yanimareiv ; where Capt. Henry 
 Smith, a Separate Trader, was trading in the 
 Tancrowall Sloop. 
 
 O N the 4th I arrived at Brucoe, where I 
 found the Chief without fo much as a Walle- 
 Book for any Time thefe two Months pafl, 
 Jfiil. or any Trade or Expences fet down for that 
 Time: It was not for want of Pens and Pa- 
 per, but his being fo addicfted to Lazinefs, 
 that I am afraid he will die of it in the End. 
 I flay'd a Day or two at Brucoe, and then fet 
 out lor Cuttejarr, where I arrived on the 7th 
 at Noon, and immediately took PolTeflion of 
 the Fame Siooj) and her Cargo, and put my 
 own Cargo on Board her alfo ; and the next 
 Morning lent the James Sloop down to the 
 Fort with Meffieurs Palmer and Brown. 
 
 On
 
 Inland Tarts <?/ A F R I C A. 1 87 
 
 O N the 13th I arrived at Tamyamaciaida^ i734- 
 
 -and the next Day I had a Difpute with thole ^^.^'^o^ 
 ,-, , I r /-^l I T- n • arrives at 
 
 reople, whole Charge that i^aclory is put un- Yawyama^ 
 
 der, concerning a Horfe belonging to the cunda. 
 Company at this Factory, which was feized 
 by the Alcade of Sutamore fince my leaving Has a Pa- 
 that Place, he alledging that I had not paid ^^^^'^^^^^ 
 hjm any thing this Twelvemonth paft tor keep- tives. 
 ing him at his Houfe ; which, as he had been 
 fo bafe to fay in my Abfence, induced him to 
 infifl: upon it to my Face. The Dilpute lad- . 
 ed a long while, there being above an hundred 
 People prefent. At laft, having before them 
 all difproved the Lye, I threatned, in cafe 
 they would not deliver me up the Horfe, and 
 bring the Alcade to ask Pardon for telling 
 fuch known Lyes, I would immediately break 
 up the Faftory, and carry down the Goods 
 and White Men to James Fort, and never fet- 
 tle amongft them again. They were Ibircied 
 at my faying this, efpecially when they heard 
 me bind it by fwearing in their own Language \ 
 and knowing me to be refolute, they one and 
 all went to the Alcade, and forced him to 
 return me the Horfe, and to beg Pardon in 
 the mod humble Manner. 
 
 O N the 5th of Ma)\ having made up all I'laj. 
 Animofities here between the Company and 
 the Natives, and having bought fome:)laves, 
 and a pretty good Quantity of Dry Goods, I , 
 weigh'd Anchor, and proceeded down towards \^^^^ 
 Cuttejarr^ in order to make a fair Oppojition Ta-manm- 
 againft Meflieurs Cooper and Leach, late Ser- cuHda, 
 vants of the Company, who were fettled and 
 
 trading there on their own Accounts. 
 
 In
 
 i8S TRAVELS into the 
 
 1734. In two Days I arrived at Samy River's 
 
 Mouth, where I met the Sloop Sea Ny?npb^ 
 with Signior Valentine Mendez^ a Black Por- 
 tuguefe^ lateJy entred into the Company's Ser- 
 vice, who was come to fettle at IVallia^ about 
 fifteen Miles up the faid River, having a fine 
 Cargo of Goods, and a Parcel of fpecial good 
 Amber. By this Sloop I received the follow- 
 ing Letter, -viz, 
 
 Mr Francis Moore. 
 
 James Fort, Apr. 21. 1734. 
 
 S I R, 
 
 WE received yours of the iji Injtant^ and 
 'note what you fay as to your Condu5l at 
 J oar FatJory, ivhich ivas rightly done of you. 
 The Boy-Slave you remitted by Capt. Smith zvas 
 accepted of by him^ and we have credited your 
 Account for the fame. IVefold all Captain Smith'j 
 Slaves for four Ounces of Gold each., one with 
 another ; and which both Parties are well pleas'^d 
 with. We have likewife received the Remains of 
 Capt. Onley'i Cargo, who fails for Maryland 
 iii two or three Days with one hundred and ten 
 Slaves. 
 
 NOrJVITBSrANDING Mr hadfucb 
 
 firi£i Orders not to entertain, converfe with.^ cor- 
 refpond, or have any Dealings with Leach ajid 
 Cooper, he has entertained the former in an ex- 
 traordinary Manner, to the no fmall Difcredit 
 and Scandal of the Company. This, with our 
 being inforfned of others of the Company'' s Servants 
 a^ing in the fame fcandalous Manner, we there- 
 fore dcfire you to inform Mr in particular, 
 
 that
 
 Inldfid Tarts of AFKIC A. i8p 
 
 thai on bis Peril be do not fuffer either or both of 1734. 
 the /aid Perfons Leach and Cooper to come into 
 the Com-^anfs FaElor^^ or to converfe, correfpond^ 
 or have an'j Dealings with them on a7iy Account 
 "jjhatfoever. 
 
 WE impatiently wait the Arrival of the Fame, 
 that we ma-j know the prefent State of the Com- 
 pany's Affairs with yoUy and other up-River 
 Fatlories. We are 
 
 Tour Loving Friends, 
 
 RICHARD HULL, 
 HUGH HAMILTON. 
 
 I MADE the befV of my Way to Cuttejarr; Comes 
 where, as foon as I arrived, I employ'd our ^o^^"^ ^° 
 Black Servants to make Hutts, in order to live c^/Lw, 
 in, and to put the Company's Goods; for the 
 Merchants do not by any means care to trade 
 aboard a Sloop or Ship. The Day after I ar- 
 rived, I fent a Meflenger away ioJa??iesYoxt 
 with the following Letter, viz. 
 
 Cuttejarr Port, May 10. 1734. 
 
 Gentlemen, 
 
 THIS comes by one of my* Butlers, and ferves Author 5 
 to acquaint you, that my lajl was of the Letter to 
 ^th ult. by Capt. Brown ; foon after which 1 7^^'^^ 
 proceeded up to Yamyamacunda, where I had a 
 great Palaver with the People of Sutamore 
 about the Company s Horfe, which I have at 
 length made the Alcade deliver up to me, but not 
 without much ado, and even snaking a Show of 
 breaking the Fa^ory -, fince which fome of then/. 
 
 have 
 * Hired Servants,
 
 15>0 
 
 TRAVEL S mto the 
 
 1734. have hccn fo very infolent as to offer to detain me 
 from goifjg aboard my Sloop, unlefs I complied 
 'u:ilh their exorbitant Demands ; which I refentcd 
 i;ery iniich^ and went with Mr Forfyth to the 
 Duke of the Country about it, where the Aggreff'jrs 
 Jhewed the ut7noJl Concern for what they had done^ 
 and fromifed to (land by the Company to their 
 ptmofi, and neither nfe their Servants ill them- 
 feives, norfuffer any others to do it. On which I 
 Icld them, that if in cafe they ifcd the Fa£lory ill 
 when 1 was gone, you would upon the leafl Notice 
 thereof from Mr Forfyth immediately order it to 
 he broke, which they are very fenfible will be no 
 fmall Lofs to them, and therefore I am of Opi- 
 nion that it is now fettled on a very good Foun- 
 dation, 
 
 AS fur Mr Forfyth, he goes on very well, has 
 fix Slaves by him, and is very well beloved by 
 the Natives *, he tells me that he has loft a great 
 deal of Trade for want of Goods, by which means 
 the Factory has in a great mejfure lojl its Credit ; 
 Vut by its being well Jupplied for the future, it 
 may be retrieved : ylnd as for Salt, it ought never 
 to be without a large ^antity, by which means 
 the Merchants may be induced to come there, and 
 the Trade of Antonio Vofs'j Canoas leffen'd, 
 whereas they no-w carry all before them., by being 
 wvll Jupplied with that precious Commodity. 
 
 I muft now acquaint yon, that I have had fome 
 Mfffengers from the King and Great Men cf 
 ^\ ooJlcy, to defire me to let you know, that as 
 1 lunic Badgy is now dead, there is no Body 
 that will in the leafl molefi the Company's 
 Servants or Trade there, and therefore they 
 beg you will fend up a Sloop to tradej either 
 
 at
 
 Inland Tarts <?/ A F R I C A. i5>i 
 
 ^/Fatarenda crNackway, where they do ajfure 1734. 
 you they /hall he kindly ufed. They would fain 
 have had me gone up thither ; but not having Salt 
 enough, nor Orders fufficient, I thought proper to 
 decline it ; but in my Opinion it will be a good 
 Voyage, and much better than flaying at Cutte- 
 jarr, fo near to Valentine Mendez, who has got 
 fo large a Cargo^ and fo much better than mine 
 in every refpe^, I have not to addy but that 1 
 remain. 
 
 Gentlemen, 
 
 2'our Obedient Humble Servant, 
 
 FRA. MOORE. 
 
 O N the 17th of May, the Adventure 
 Sloop, Harry Johnfon Mafter, arrived with a 
 Cargo of Salt for me, and another for Mr 
 Forfyth, Fa(ftor at Tamyamacunda ; he ftay'd 
 here till he had deliver'd mine afhore, and 
 then proceeded up the River. 
 
 O N the 25th, the Sea Nymph Sloop arrived 5^^. 
 here on her Way down from Tamyamacunda Nymph 
 and Wallia, with Slaves and Dry Goods for Sloop 
 Account of the Company, He had between ^^^^^ ^ 
 this Place and Tamyamacunda been attacked j^ygg^ 
 and robbed by a great Number of /he Na- 
 tives, who had been got up together at the 
 Perfuafion of a Black Fellow late in the Com- 
 pany's Service at "James Fort, who told them 
 that the Governor refufed to pay him his 
 Wages-, and therefore they went and took out 
 of the faid Sloop qne fine Boy-Slave, and fe- 
 veral oth^^r things of Value, fuch as Guns, 
 
 Piilols,
 
 1^2 TRAVELS mto the 
 
 1734. Piftols, l^c. Thefe are the Reafons given by 
 the Mafter of the Sloop ; but I find that the 
 real Caufe of this Robbery is owing to one of 
 the Sloop's Black Servants being ufed ill when 
 Lilt up the River. 
 
 Natives You mufc know, that the Natives dofome- 
 
 Cuftom of j.jj^^^^^ to prove Theft, dip their Hands in 
 
 Thef"^ boiling Water ; if the Ferfon is not guiky, 
 
 they fay the Water will not fcald him ; but 
 
 it- he is guilty, then it v/ill. Mr being 
 
 a great Admirer of the Natives and their Cu- 
 ftoms, did one Day, upon his having loft a 
 Gun out of his Cabbin, challenge his Sloop's 
 Company, which confided of three or four 
 Black Men, and one White Man befides him- 
 felf: Upon denying it, he forced the Black 
 Fellows to have recourfe to Scalding their 
 Hands \ by which means they all fcalded them- 
 felvcs much •, but one of them, being more 
 tender-finger'd than the reft, fcalded his Hand 
 mifcrably. A Day or two after they came to 
 undcrftand that the Captain had found his Gun 
 (himfelf having miflaid it- •, upon which one of 
 the Men quitted the Company's Service, and 
 went home to Samj to his Friends, and com- 
 plained to the Alcade and the rell of his Towns- 
 People, who one and all joyned in demanding 
 Satisfadion, and therefore hearing of his be- 
 ing at Fendalacunda, took the Opportunity to 
 fall upe.-. him, and take away the things be- 
 foremcntioncd. In the Evening I receiv'd 
 from James Fort the ioUowing Letter by the 
 Return of a Meffengcr, which 1 had fent down 
 from hence the loth li.ftant. 
 
 Mr
 
 Inland Tarts 0/ A F R I C A. 15)3 
 
 '734- 
 
 Mr FRA. MOORE. 
 
 James Forty May 17. 1734. 
 
 S I R, 
 
 YOURS by your Land-Meflenger un- Letter to 
 ' der the loch we received yeiterday, ^^^ ^^- 
 and obferve the Contents relating to the Si- ^^°^* 
 tuation of Affairs at Tamyainacunda, and the 
 manner you brought about to a good Con- 
 clufibn, which is very agreeable to tis. As 
 to your Sloop being fo much out of Repair, 
 you may take either of the Sloops up the 
 River ; and as to your Opinion as co Nack- 
 way or Fatatenda^ we can't yet venture the 
 Company's Effefts till the Country is a little 
 better fettled, and which perhaps may be 
 after the Rains, and therefore we the rather 
 defire you to give them Hopes that we fhall 
 again fettle a Factory at Fatatenda^ after the 
 Rains are over, provided they give us a Spe- 
 cimen of their good Will for the Company, 
 by their Care of preferving their Houfe there. 
 As you complain of want of Trade where 
 you are, we think it more prudent for yoii 
 to go to Joar^ as your Inftruftions mention, 
 than to make a Progrefs higher up, firft 
 
 taking care to leave your at Brucoe or 
 
 Tanimareiv^ to purchafe Corn v/ith. 
 
 * W E are not a little furprized to hear 
 from Tanimarew^ that the Shipping are tra- 
 ding there for Slaves with the Merchants, 
 and that others are gone down oCcwer^ and 
 that you fliould neither advife us of their 
 pafTing you, or what Number, or even of 
 O ' your
 
 f.94 
 
 >734- 
 
 TRAVELS into the 
 
 your attempting to trade with them. This 
 is kich a Difappointment and Omiflion, we 
 did not in the lead exped from Mr Moore^ 
 and is wondred at the more, becaufe you are 
 tied up to no Price. The Salt fent up by 
 Capt. Johnfon to yourfelf and Mr Forfyth-, 
 we hope came timely to hand. On the 15th 
 came in here the Elizabeth^ Capt. Carter, 
 from Guerufey-i but lad from the Canaries ; 
 but as he is but ill afforted, defigns chiefly 
 for Dry Goods. We defire you to order 
 MelTieurs Forfylh and Ellis to fend down their 
 Books to the End of April ; and whereas 
 we are informed you have given Mr Ellis 
 Orders not to trade (which is unknown to us, 
 if it is fo) you are to fend Orders to him 
 to trade, and buy what comes to the Fadlo- 
 ry. Mr Oglcthorp is arrived in England. We 
 are, wifhing you Health and Succefs, 
 
 Tour Loving Friends, 
 
 RICH. HULL, 
 H. HAMILTON. 
 
 The next Day, being the 26th of May, 
 by the Sea Nymph Sloop I fent the following 
 Letter to the Gentlemen below. 
 
 Author's 
 Anfwer. 
 
 CuTTEjARR Forty May 26. 1734. 
 Centlcmen^ 
 
 YOURS of the 17th came to hand laft 
 ' Night •, in anfwer to which I muft 
 in the fird Place acquaint you, that Mr 
 Gray has repaired the Sloop in fuch a man- 
 ner that file docs not make any Water.
 
 Inland "Parts ^/AFRICA. i5>5 
 
 ' T OBSERVE what you fay concerning Joar 1734. 
 Factory, which in my Opinion will be do- 
 ing nothing at all, having but an ill AfTort- 
 ment, and there being fo many Ships at 
 Tanimare-w with fine Cargoes. I have cer- 
 tain Advice, that two Veirels {viz. a Fri- 
 gate and a Sloop) are coming up here from 
 Tanmarew^ and am therefore going to vific 
 the King at Duhocunda^ ?ind Slattee ot- Le- 
 main -, but have firft fent this to acquaint 
 you with it, and to know how I fliall pro- 
 ceed, and to have your poficive Orders whe- 
 ther to ftay here, p?o:er d higher up, or come 
 down to the Fort; 1 being unwilling to go 
 to Joar with half a Cargo. 
 
 ' I OBSERVE what you fay concerning my . 
 not advifing you of the Merchants pafTing 
 down -, in anfwer to which I muft acquaint 
 you, that they went on the Back Part of this 
 Kingdom, and did not come with^i two 
 Days Journey of this Place, neither did the 
 People here know any thing of them till 
 they had pafled. And therefore, tho' it was 
 a Difappointment to you, yet it was no O- 
 miflion in me, for I heard nothing of it till 
 after my laft Letter was fent away ; tho' if I 
 had, it would have Cgnified nothing, for 
 they were refolved to go down, and on no 
 -' account to come near Samy. 
 
 * Since my lafl: there have feveral fmall 
 Coffles of Slaves come to Sa?ny with Alcade 
 'Donjb^ but mod of them are refolved to pafs 
 down j however I have been there, and am 
 in hopes of purchafing fome in three or four 
 Days, the' this fame Slattee Donfo is a very 
 O 2 ' odd
 
 1^6 T RAVEL S into th^ 
 
 1734. ' odd Sort of a Fellow, and never yet traded 
 ' higher than Joar. 
 
 ' I OBSERVE what you fay about the Peo- 
 ' pie of fVoolley, and fhall take eare to acquaint 
 
 * them of it. In the mean time fhall order 
 
 * Meff. Forfyth and Ellis to fend down their 
 
 * Books. As to my giving Mr Ellis Orders 
 *• not to make Trade, it is moft falfe and 
 ' fcandalous ; nor do I think you can believe 
 ' me guilty of fuch a Folly. However I have 
 
 * now wrote to him about it. 
 
 c 
 
 * I HAVE herewith remitted you Sundries, 
 amounting to ■■ ; Invoice and Cofts 
 which are here inclofcd. 
 
 * I A M forry to find that has met 
 
 with fuch ill Ufage from the People of 5^- 
 rn-j^ and muft needs own I do not believe it 
 can proceed only from the not paying the 
 Butler, but that fome other Caufe muft be 
 afilgned for it ; however, let it be how it 
 will, they had the Impudence to feize me 
 and my Horfe, as I was going by the Town 
 to meet the Merchants; and having demand- 
 ed their Reafons for it, they told me it was 
 becaufe I did not come to fee the Slattee -, 
 upon which I excufed myfelf, and then they 
 let me go, having firft ftole my Cap and 
 Handkerchief. 
 
 ' When I met ■ at Samy River's 
 
 Mouth, I gave him two Guns to buy Corn 
 tor me : Now as the People of Samy have 
 forced them away from him, as being the 
 
 Com-
 
 Inland Tarts ^f A F R I C A. 197 
 
 * Company's, I defire you'll pleafe to give me 1734- - 
 ' Credit for the faid Guns. 
 
 ' One of the Slaves I have now remitted 
 has five or fix Teeth wanting, and therefore 
 I made them abate the fame Number of Barrs 
 in the Price, as you will fee by the Invoice. 
 I am furprized to find that Sig. Valentine 
 Mendez has not remitted you fo many Slaves; 
 as I have, and the more, becaufe his Cargo 
 is fo much larger and better than mine, you 
 having fent him up a Parcel of Amber, 
 when I at the fame titjie daily lofe Trade 
 for want of that Commodity. However, 
 I can only fay, that I will do my bell En- 
 deavours for the Company's Intereft, and 
 make what Trade I poflibly can. Having 
 not to add, but to wilh you Health, I 
 remain, 
 
 Centlemen^ 
 
 Tour tnojl Obedient Servant^ 
 
 FRA. MOORE. 
 
 On the nth of June Captain Brown ar- Jans. 
 rived here in the James Sloop, on his Way 
 to Tamyamacunda with Goods. He flayed 
 here a little while, and then proceeded on 
 his Way up the River. By him I received 
 the following Letter from the Gentlemen at 
 James Fort. 
 
 Q 3 Mr
 
 i^S TRAVELS into the 
 
 Mr FRANCIS MOORE, 
 
 James JFort^ June i. 1734. 
 Sir, 
 
 Letter to * A "^^ Capt. Brozvnh Return from Tamy- 
 
 t*-e Au- __£\, ' amacunda we defire you to deliver 
 
 thor. < j^jj^ ^jp ['-^^ '^ame^ and fend down Mr Gr^y. 
 
 ' in thi James Sloop, with Orders to take in 
 
 ' all the Trade and Corn For the Fort that is 
 
 ' at Brucoe^l'animare'iv and Joai\ and to make 
 
 * the bcfl of his Way down. Give our Ser- 
 
 * vice to S:g. Valentine^ and defire him to pur- 
 
 * chafe all the Leafas he poflibly can, and 
 
 * the Bandy-Cloths, and a good Quantity of 
 
 * Sope, which we are in much want of. 
 
 'We obferve the Contents of yours of the 
 ' 26th ult. and all we can fay in regard for 
 ' your making Trade is, that as you are at fo 
 ' great a Diftance, and can by keeping a good 
 ' Correfpondence be a better Judge than we 
 ' poflibly can; and therefore as you are not 
 ' tied up to a Price, and can move for the 
 
 * Advantage of picking up Trade, you are 
 
 * the belt Judge how to order your Affairs. 
 ' And as to your defigned Vifit to Duhoctmda 
 ' and LematN,' we cannot comply with it, if 
 ' defigned to interrupt the Private Traders ; 
 ' becaufe, as Matters now {land, they are al- 
 
 * lowed by the Government to have the fame 
 ' Right to trade as the Company. 
 
 * We are pleafed that what we cenfured 
 
 * you for want of a due Correfpondence was 
 
 * no OmifTion, and that the Report of your 
 
 * Orders
 
 Inland Tarts <?/ A F R I C A. 15)^ 
 
 * Orders that Mr Ellis fliould not make Trade i734' 
 ' was falfe, and which indeed wc could not 
 
 ' believe was Fad:. 
 
 * A s we are afTured of Mr — — — Inca- 
 
 * pacity ; wc Ihall in about a Month's time 
 
 * relieve him •, and we wifh, if you can con- 
 
 * veniently go down, to take a View of Af- 
 ' fairs there, if the Merchants Trade Is not 
 
 * expefted, and that you leave a little AfTort- 
 
 * ment with Mr Gra-j^ to buy what Miindrngo 
 ' Trade may offer in the little Time you are 
 ' abfent from the Sloop. 
 
 * We have agreed with Captain Najh and 
 ' Captain Ball for both their Cargoes, and 
 ' for their Sloop to make a fecond Tryal at 
 ' Portodally -, where, with Mr Conner^ they 
 ' were difpatched yefterday. As we on that 
 ' and other Accounts want a good many Slaves, 
 ' we defire you to exert yourfelf, and not (land 
 
 * out for a Price. As to Leach and Cooper^ 
 
 * we defirc you to give them no manner of 
 ' Countenance, by keeping them Company, or 
 I pther ways affifting them. We are 
 
 Tlsur Loving Friends^ 
 
 RICH. HULL, 
 H. HAMILTON. 
 
 On the ift of Jtdy Captain Brown came ^u/y. 
 down hither from Tamyamacunda ; at which Author 
 time I put him in Pofleflion of the Fame Sloop, sioop w 
 according to my Orders, and then difpatched y^mes 
 the James Sloop with Mr Gray away to James Fort with 
 
 O 4 Fort, Slaves.
 
 200 
 
 TRAVELS into the 
 
 173^' Fort, with Slaves and Dry Goods. By the 
 fame Conveyance, MefUturs Leach and Cooper 
 not being able to trade againft me, and feeing 
 their Error in leaving the Company's Service, 
 they wrote a very handfome fubmiffive Letter 
 to Mr Hull our Governor, to defire he would 
 take them into the Company's Service again ; 
 which if he would do, they would immediate- 
 ly leave off trading, and break up Houfe- 
 keeping, and take their Paffage down along 
 with me to James Fort. The Letter I fenc 
 was as follows, viz. 
 
 Cuttejarr P^;7, July i. 1734. 
 Gentlemen, 
 Author's * r I- ^ HIS comes by the James Sloop, "Nap 
 Letter. J[^ <- Gray Mafter, (who, according to 
 
 your Order, has deliver'd up the Fame to 
 C. Broitm) and ferves to acquaint you, t-hac 
 you will herewith receive twenty Slaves, as 
 like wife fome Elephants Teeth apd Gold, 
 Invoice and Cofls of which are inclofed, 
 
 amounting to , by which means I am 
 
 very much difforted ; therefore if you think 
 proper to continue me here all the Rains, 
 I defire you would fend me a Supply ; for 
 if I have Goods, I don't doubt making good 
 Trade. By reafon of my Trade, I could 
 not go down to Brucoe as you propofcd; but 
 the inclofed will let you into the Knowledge 
 of the Situation of thatFa(ftory. I hear of 
 a great Coffle of Slaves now on the Road 
 under the Condud; of Slattee Sanyconta Ma- 
 dcbaugh. If it is true that he is coming, I 
 fhall heartily wifh for Valentine Mendez*^ 
 Cargo, who I am fure will make you flay 
 
 * a
 
 Inland Tarts ^/AFRICA. ioi 
 
 a long time before he remits you what he 1734*. 
 is indebted to you for that fine Cargo which 
 you have fuppiied him with, and which he 
 intends to keep by him till Slaves are cheap. 
 I arn^ 
 
 Gentlemen-, 
 
 Tour obedient humble Servant, 
 
 FRA. MOORE. 
 
 pN the 13th, a Meflenger brought me an 
 Anfwer to the foregoing Letter from the Fort, 
 wherein they defired me to come down, and 
 bring with me MeiTrs Leach and Cooper ; as for 
 the Remainder of my Cargo, they order'd me 
 %o leave it at Joar and Brucoe. The next Authorre- 
 Morning I weigh*d Anchor, and fail'd down, t"''"^ ";" 
 having with me MefTrs Leach and Cooper. At -^' °"" 
 Night I arrived at Brucoe, left fome Goods, 
 and the next Day left that Port, and in two 
 Days arrived at Joar, where lay the Barrab 
 Sloop, Capt. Najb, and the Bumper Sloop, 
 Capt. Ball, trading with fome Merchants for 
 Slaves. The Bumper Capt. Najh had hired, 
 to carry Slaves on Freight to the Weft Indies. 
 Here I ftay'd a Day or two, and having fup- 
 ply'd Mr Brook Gill at Joar Fadory with fome 
 Goods, I weighed and proceeded down to 
 JamesFon, where I arrived on the 24th, and 
 found the Governor gone down to the Mouth 
 pf the River Gambia, to vifit the Captains of 
 his Majefty's Ships the Antelope and the Dia- 
 mond, where he ftay'd four or five Days, and 
 in his Return back had like to have been Iqfl 
 in a violent Tornado. 
 
 On
 
 2oa T R A V JtL JL S into the 
 
 1734- On the 7th of Augnjl died Mr Shuckforth^ 
 Auguft. jj Writer, who had been in this Country a- 
 bout eight Months, and was buried in the 
 Evening at Guljfree. About Six o' Clock we 
 law a VefTel coming up the River; about 
 Midnight flie fent up her Boat to tell the Go- 
 vernor that fhe was the Company's Snow Dol- 
 fhir,, Capt. Tho7nas Freeman, from London. 
 
 Compa- The next Day about Noon came up the 
 
 n 's Snow J)olphin Snow, which faluted the Fort with 
 
 Dolphin ^jj^^ Guns, and had the fame Number return- 
 
 with Paf- ^'^ '■> ^fter which came on Shore the Captain, 
 
 f-ngf-rs ; four Writers, one Apprentice to the Company, 
 
 ^"d ^ and one Black Man, by Name Job Ben Solo- 
 
 7- ^- ^°- y^yi ^ Pholc\ of Bundo in Foota^ who in the 
 
 England, ^e-i^ "-7i^-> ^s he was travellmg mjagra^ and 
 
 dri^'ifi^ his Herds of Cattle acrofs the Coun- 
 
 triff;, w .1;, robbed and carried to Jo(^r^ where 
 
 Account jj^. ^7^5 iQl^^ j-q Captain Pyke, Commander of 
 
 %hmon '■'^^ '^'^'P -^^^^^^^^i ^'^^^ ^^^ th^" trading there. 
 By him he was carried to ATnryland, and fold 
 to a Planter, with whom Job lived about a 
 Twelvemonth without being once beat by his 
 Maflcr -, at the End of which time he had 
 the good P'ortune to have a Letter of his own 
 writing in the Arabic Tongue conveyed to 
 'E?igland. This Letter coming to the Hand 
 of Mr Oglethorpe, he fent the fame to Oxford 
 to be tranflated ; which, when done, gave him 
 fo much Satisfiiflion, and fo good an Opinion 
 of the Man, that he diredly order'd him to 
 be bought from his Mafter, he foon after fet- 
 ting out for Georgia. Before he returned from 
 thence, Job came to England; where being 
 brought to the Acquaintance of the Learned 
 Sir Hans Shane, he was by him found a perfed" 
 
 Mafter
 
 Inland Tarts of A¥ RICA, 203 
 
 Mafter of the Arabic Tongue, by tranflating 1734- 
 feveral Manufcripcs and Infcriptions upon 
 Medals : He was by him recommended to his 
 Grace the Duke of Montague^ wlio being plea- 
 fed with the Sweetnefs of Humour, and Mild- 
 nefs of Temper, as well as Genius and Capa- 
 city of the Man, introduced him to Court, 
 where he wasgracioufly received by the Royal 
 Family, and moft of the Nobility, from whom 
 he received didinguifhing Marks of Favour. 
 After he had continued in England about four- 
 teen Months, he wanted much to return to 
 his Native Country, which is Bundo, (a Place 
 about a Week's Travel over Land from the 
 Royal African Company's Faftory at Joar^ on 
 the River Gafnbia) of which Place his Feather 
 was Hjgh-Prieft, and to whom he fent Letters 
 from England. Upon his fetting out from 
 England he received a good many noble Pre- 
 fents from her moft Gracious Majeily Queen 
 Caroline, his Highnefs the Duke of Cumber- 
 land, his Grace the Duke of Montague^ the 
 'E.'d.T^l o^ Pembroke^ feveral Ladies of Quality, 
 Mr Holden, and the Royal African Company, 
 who have order'd their Agents to fiiov/ him 
 the greateil Refpecfl. 
 
 O N the 1 2th came up a French Sloop from 
 Goree to Albreda, who with the Leave of our 
 Governor proceeded up the River to cut Man- 
 groves, in order to rebuild fome Part of their 
 Faflory at Albrcda. 
 
 OiNT the 23d I fet out in the Fame Sloop with Author 
 a pretty good Cargo, to take upon me the ^ppomted 
 Diretlion of the Company's chief Fadory of y^^^. 
 Joar, having firll received the following Or- 
 ders, viz. Mr
 
 204 TRAVELS into the 
 
 1734- 
 
 Mr FRA. MOORE. 
 
 James Fort, Aug. 22. 1734. 
 
 S I R, 
 
 His Or- f~¥~l//£ good Opinion we have of your Integrity 
 ^^' JL and Zeal toferve the Company y induces us 
 
 to appoint you their Chief FaUor at the Compa- 
 ny's Settlement at Joar, now under the Dire^ion 
 cf Mr Brooke GilL And as the Commifjionsy 
 Salary <, a?id Allowance of Diet, is much augment- 
 ed of late by the Company at that Fa5iory, pur- 
 pofely to pro?note and encourage an honeft and re- 
 futable Condu^, in regard to the high Truji re- 
 pofed in you by them ; fo we promife ourfelves that 
 'you will fo far be a Friend to yourfelf and your 
 own Reputation^ as to do the Company the flri^- 
 e5l Juftice, agreeable to your f?ioJl folemn Engage- 
 ment you have voluntarily obliged yourfelf to per- 
 form. At your Arrival at Joar you are to deli- 
 ver to Mr Brooke Gill our Orders for him to 
 refign up the Company s Factory and all their 
 Effects into your Cujlody, which you are imme- 
 diately to inventory^ and give him two proper 
 Difchargesforthe Particulars and Amount thereof: 
 One of which Mr Gill and you are to fend to us 
 per frji Opportunity. 
 
 AS you have been for fame Tears pafl conver- 
 fant in Bufinefs at Out-Fa5lories, fo we Jhall 
 now only repeat , that you /lick tofuch Orders as 
 have been formerly given you. 
 
 B T this Conveyance comes one Black Free 
 Man, by Name Job Ben Solomon ; whom you 
 
 are
 
 Inland Tarts ^/AFRICA. 205 
 
 are to ufe with the greatefl Refpe^, and all the »734- 
 Civility you poj/ibly can. We are 
 
 Your Loving Friends^ 
 
 RICH. HULL, 
 H. HAMILTON. 
 
 JOB Ben Solomon having a Mind to go up job goes 
 to Cower to talk with fome of his Countrymen, with the 
 went along with me. In the Evening we^"iJ^°''"P 
 weighed Anchor, faluting the Fort with five 
 Guns, which return*d the fame Number. 
 
 On the 26th we arrived at the Creek ofPaffages 
 Damafenfa, and having fome old Acquain-°" '^^^. 
 tances at the Town of Damafenfa, Job and I °^ S • 
 went up in the Yawl ; in the Way, going up 
 a very narrow Place for about half a Mile, 
 we faw feveral Monkeys of a beautiful Blue 
 and Red, which the Natives tell me never fet 
 their Feet on the Ground, but live entirely 
 amongft the Trees, leaping from one to ano- 
 ther at fo great Diftances, as any one, were 
 they not fo fee it, would think improbable. 
 
 I N the Evening, as my Friend Job and I Job fees 
 were fitting under a great Tree at Damajenfa^ jj^^ King's 
 there came by us fix or feven of the very Feo- ^v^'cfmade 
 pie who robb'd and made a Slave of 7^^, a- a Slave 
 boat thirty Miles from hence, about three of him. 
 Years ago ; Job^ tho* a very even-cemper'd 
 Man at other times, could not contain himfelf 
 when he faw them, but fell into a mod ccr- ^■'^l^^ 
 rible Pafllon, and was for killing them with thereupon, 
 his broad Sword and Piftols, which he always 
 
 took
 
 2o6 
 
 TRAVELS into the 
 
 ^734- 
 
 Account 
 of the 
 King's 
 Death 
 vho fold 
 Job. 
 
 took care to have about him. I had much 
 ado to dilFuade him from falling upon the fix 
 Men ; but.at lail, by reprefenting to him the 
 ill Confequences that would infallibly attend 
 fuch a rafli Adiion, and the ImpofTibility of 
 mine or his own efcaping alive, if he fhould 
 attempt it, I made him lay afide the Thoughts 
 of it, and perfuaded him to fit down and pre- 
 tend not to know them, but ask them Quefti- 
 ons about himfelf; which he accordingly'did, 
 and they anfwer'd nothing but the Truth. At 
 laft he ask*d them how the King their Mafler 
 did ; they told him he was dead, and by fur- 
 ther Enquiry we found, that amongft the 
 Goods for which he fold Job to Captain P\ke 
 there was a Piflol, which the King ufed com- 
 monly to wear flung about his Neck with a 
 String ; and as they never carry Arms with- 
 out being loaded, one Day this accidentally 
 went off, and the Balls lodging in his Throat, 
 he died prefently. At the CJofing of this 
 Story Job was fo very much tranfported, that 
 he immediately fell on his Knees, and return- 
 ed Thanks to Mahomet for making this Man 
 die by the very Goods for v/bJch he fold him 
 into Slavery \ and then turning to me, he faid, 
 
 * Mr Moore, you fee now God Almighty was 
 
 * difplcas'd at this Man's making me a Slave, 
 ' and therefore made him die by the very Pi- 
 ' ftol for which he fold me ; yet I ought to 
 ' forgive him, fa'KS he., becaufe had I not been 
 
 * fold, I fliould neither have l*nown any thing 
 
 * of the Englijh Tongue, nor have had any of 
 ' the fine, ufeful and valuable Things I now 
 ' carry over, nor have known that in the 
 ' World there is fuch a Place as Ejigland, nor 
 
 * fuch noble, good and generous People as 
 
 * Queen
 
 Inland 9 arts <?/ A F R I C A. 207 
 
 ' Queen Caroline^ Prince William, the Duke 1734- 
 ' of Montague, the Earl of Pembroke, Mr "^"i^'fi- 
 ' Holden, Mr Oglethorpe^ and the Royal 4/9-i- 
 ' can Company. 
 
 On the i ft of September we arrived at Joar, Sepfmhr: 
 the Frefhes being very ftrong againft us. I ^^-^ ^'^- 
 immediately took an Inventory of the Com- ^.j °Jg ^^^ 
 pany's Effeds, and gave Receipts to Mr yg_ar. 
 Gill for the fame. After which we unloaded 
 the Sloop, and then I fent her up to Tanuna- 
 rew for a Load of Corn for James Fort, where 
 ihe ftayed till the 25th, and then came back 
 to Joar, during which time I made fome 
 Trade with the Merchants, though at a pretty 
 high Price. 
 
 On Job's firft Arrival here, he defired I 7^^'sCha- 
 would fend a Meffenger up to his own Coun- ^-^f^^J^^ 
 try to acquaint his Friends of his Arrival. lings, 
 fpoke to one of the Blacks which we ufually 
 employ upon thofe Occafions, to procure me 
 a Meffenger, who brought to me a Pholeyy 
 who knew the High Prieft his Father, and 
 Job himfelf, and exprefs'd great Joy at feeing 
 him in fafety returned from Slavery, he being 
 the only Man (except one) that was ever 
 known to come back to this Country, after 
 having been once carried a Slave out of it by 
 White Men. Job gave him the Meffage him- 
 felf, and defired his Father fhould not come 
 down to him, for it was too far for him to 
 travel ; and that it was fit for the Young to 
 go to the Old, and not for the Old to come 
 to the Young. He alfo fent fome Frefents by 
 him to his Wives, and defired him to bring 
 his little t)ne, which was his beft beloved, 
 
 down
 
 aoS TRAVELS into the 
 
 1734. down to him. After the Meffenger was gone/ 
 September, j^i ^g^it frequently along with me to Cower^ 
 and ieveral other Places about the Country \ 
 he fpoke always very handfome of xh^Engli/h^ 
 and what he faid, took, away a great deal of 
 the Horror of the Pholeys for the State of Sla- 
 very amongft the Englijh j for they before ge- 
 nerally imagined, that all who were fold for 
 Slaves, were generally either eaten or rnurder- 
 ed, fince none ever returned. His Defcrip- 
 tion of the Englijh gave them alfo a great no- 
 tion of the Power of England, and a Venera- 
 tion for thofe who traded amongft them. He 
 fold fome of the Prefents he brought with 
 him from England for Trading-Goods, with 
 which he bought a Woman-Slave and two 
 Horfes, which were very ufeful to him there, 
 and which he defigned to carry with him to 
 Bundo, whenever he fhould fet out thither. 
 He ufed to give his Country People a good 
 deal of Writing- Paper, which is a very ufeful 
 Commodity amongft them, and of which the 
 Company had prefented him with feveral 
 Reams. He ufed to pray frequently, and be- 
 haved himfelf with great Mildnefs and Affa- 
 bility to all, fo that he was very popular and 
 well- beloved. The Meflenger not being 
 thought to return foon, Job deftred to go 
 down to Jamei Fort to take care of his Goods, 
 I promifing to fend him word when theMef- 
 fenger came back, and alfo to fend fome o- 
 ther Meflengers, for fear the firft Ihould mif- 
 carry. 
 
 On the 26th I fent down the Tame Sloop 
 to James Fort, and J&h going along with her, 
 
 I gave
 
 ' inland Tarts of K¥ KICK. 2051 
 
 I gave the Mafter Orders to Ihew him all the 1734- 
 
 Refped he. could. September, 
 
 On the 30th in the Evening George Lafon 
 came up ro the Fadory in his Canoa, having 
 left his Sloop below Elephants Ifland, being 
 not able to proceed higher by reafon of the 
 Frefhesi which are fo ftrong that a Canoa can 
 hardly row againfl them ; he had brought 
 fome Rum, Silver and Gunpowder. 
 
 This is the rainy Seafon, in which it is 
 very difficult to fend Goods to upper Fado- 
 ries ; no Slaves come down, and therefore it is 
 the time for collecting dry Goods up the Ri- 
 ver. The increafing the Quantities of dry 
 Goods, the Company have continually been 
 recommending to their Servants. I had al- 
 ways the utmoft Regard to all their Orders, 
 and therefore applied myfelf to enquire after 
 any new kind of Goods that could be had, 
 particularly Gum -, this being recommended 
 to me by Charles Hayes Efq; (who, fince he has; 
 been in the Diredion, hath with unwearied 
 Diligence taken all Methods to open new 
 Trades in Africa). The fame having been re- 
 peated to me by Mr Hully I fent the latter a 
 Sample from Brucoe (as I mentioned before) 
 which proved Gum-Dragon. 1 Ibove to get 
 more of that Kind, but it being a new thing, 
 the Natives could not be prevailed upon to - 
 follow it, fo as to bring in any QuanLities, for 
 they would bring in to me all kinds of Gum, 
 ten or twelve Pounds at a time, which I pick- 
 ed and did not find, perhaps, above two 
 Pounds of Gu??i-Dragon in that Quantity ; the 
 reft was like Gmn-Senegal^ but not fo good^ 
 F Gum-
 
 lio TRAVELS into tt^i 
 
 1 734. Gum-Dragon comes out of a Tree called Paa 
 September. J^ SanguCy which has a very rough Bark ; up- 
 ^^ ^'^'j. on wounding of it, it fweats out in Drops 
 the Gum- ^i^^ Blood, which joining together, and being 
 Dragon, dried by the Sun, congeals into Lumps ; 1 
 have had fome as large as Pullets Eggs. One 
 Junco Surico, a JoUoiff oi Tanimarew., a ftirring 
 Man, having heard that I enquired much 
 after Gum, fent me down a Sample of about 
 a Pound of very fine white Gum, which pro« 
 ved to be Gu?n- Arabic. 1 believe in all, I fenC 
 at different times about a Ton of Gum, from 
 the Faftories I was at, to Ja7nei Fort. I be- 
 gan now to hope, that the Gum-Trade might 
 be enlarged and made confiderable, fince 
 Joy's, Country, which is called Foota.^ lay on 
 the Edge of the Foreft, and was but four Days 
 Journey from Fatatenda., and by his bringing 
 that People into a good Opinion of the Eng- 
 • lijh^ they might be prevailed upon to trade 
 with us, and bring Quantities of that Com- 
 modity to Fatatenda^ from whence it might 
 be carried by Water with fmall Charge to the 
 Fort. And this might not be only the mak- 
 ing of the Fa(5lors employed in it, but alfo 
 of great fervice to the Royal Afrkan Con?- 
 pany, and to the Nation itfelf •, fince there i? 
 a great deal of Gum-Senegal imported in a Year 
 to England^ and almoft all of it bought of the 
 French, who make a very profitable Trade of 
 it, as appears by Father Lehat*s new Account 
 o( Africa, printed in 1728. wherein he fays, 
 
 " That Country, quite bad as it is, 
 and thofe Roads fo dangerous for Shipping, 
 are neverthelefs eagerly fearch*d out by the 
 French, EngliJJj, Butch and Portuguefe. They 
 all Itrive to fettle there, becaufe they are the 
 
 only
 
 Inla7td Tarts ^/AFRICA. ii i 
 
 only Places where a Trade for Gum can be <734- 
 had, by thofe who are not Mafters of the ^^^^""" 
 Senegal River. A Trade that feems a lightQu^^. 
 Matter in itfelf, but is, in etfed:, very confi- Trade, 
 derable ; whether we regard the Price the 
 Moors fell the Gum for, which is very mode- 
 rate i or the Price it yields, out of Africa^ 
 which is very advantageous ; or, laflly, the 
 Quantity of European Merchandile it takes 
 off ready wrought, the Vent of which makes 
 Manufactures fpread, Money circulate, and 
 fo finds Work for abundance of Hands, which 
 is the main End of Commerce. 
 
 N o wonder, therefore, that the mofl ex- 
 perienced o^ European M.tTc\\d.nts, have ufed all 
 Endeavours to hit into this Branch of Traf- 
 ^ lick, becaufe the French being fole Mafters 
 of the * Niger, on which thofe other Ports, 
 where a Trade for Gum may be had, are 
 (ituated, they find themfelves obliged to take 
 it as it paffes thro' their Hands, fince the Time 
 there has been no free Trade at Arguin or Por- 
 tendic. This is the true Motive that has put 
 them on fo great Expence to fettle and fecure 
 a Faftory diiArguin^ and when they were dri- 
 ven from thence, to endeavour an Eftablifli- 
 ment among the Moors at Portendic, This was, 
 in effed:, their only Way to come in for Sha- 
 rers with the French in this Commerce j in 
 purfuit of which they found means at length 
 to engrofs it wholly to themfelves, by railing 
 the Gum to an exceflive Rate, and making 
 Bargains to their Lofs, in order to engage 
 the three Nations of the Moors to bring their 
 entire Harveils to their Market. 
 
 P 2 They 
 
 * Senegal.
 
 ^12, TRAVELS into the 
 
 1734. They make two yearly Gatherings of the 
 T^\° Gum. The firft in the Month of December^ 
 h""" ft which is the moft plentiful; and they pretend 
 the Balls are larger, cleaner and dryer, which 
 are all the good Qualities to be willi'd in Gum. 
 The fecond Gathering is in March, this is the 
 kail, and they are convinc'd by long Experi- 
 ence that the Gum of this Gathering is more 
 fqueafy, drofly, and not fo clear. 
 
 Meafures They don't weigh the Gum, but put it in 
 Wefhts"^ a Cubic Meafure, call'd a ^antar or ^lintaU 
 fo/cum. of a Size agreed upon with the Moors^ the 
 
 Capacity of which the Europeans take care to 
 
 augment, when Occafion offers. 
 
 That which the Dutch made ufe of, when 
 they were M.?ii^crs,Qi Arguin, held 220 Pounds 
 Paris Wei2;ht. 
 
 Price of a I T coft them a fingle Piece of Eight, 
 
 Quintal of worth three Livres each. 
 
 Gumof Or, a Dozen of Padlocks. 
 
 Ftemh ^^» two Ounces ot Coral. 
 
 Weight. Or, four Satalas, or Copper Bafons." 
 
 Or, half an Ell of fine Woollen Cloth. 
 
 Or, three quarters of an Ell of ordinary 
 Cloth. 
 
 Or, three Bars of flat Iron. 
 
 Or, three Ells of Bays. 
 
 Or, fix Ells and three quarters of baftas 
 Linnen, i. e. blue Cutlin. 
 
 Or, fix iills of Silefias. 
 
 iW^, The Ells are Dutch Meafure, which is 
 about half an £11 French, *\ Thus far 
 Lehat. 
 
 On
 
 Inland Tarts <?/ AFRICA. 213 
 
 O NT the 1 6th we were alarm'd with an i734- 
 Account of a War breaking out among the ^^'^"^^f- 
 Natives, and that Joar was like to be made 
 the Seat of it. The Boomey of Cajamore, a 
 Country of Bar/ally, about a Day's Journey 
 from Joar, and the Boomey of Cajawan, an- 
 other Diftri(fl in hii Neighbourhood, came 
 to me, out of Friendfhip to the Company, 
 being my old Acquaintances, to let me know 
 that Boomey Ha?nan Seaca, Brother to the 
 King of Bar/ally, who was in Arms againft 
 the faid King, was afllfted by fome of the 
 People of Tany and Tamina, and had made 
 all Preparations for a War, and would cer- 
 tainly invade this Part of Bar/ally very foon. 
 They therefore inform'd me of it, that 1 might 
 acquaint the Governor therewith, in order to 
 take Meafures for the fecuring the Company's 
 Effeds. As foon as they were gone, I wrote 
 advice of it to the Chiefs at James Fort. 
 
 The Jolloiffs in general are Men given to Some 70/- 
 Arms, and have feveral Cuftoms for keeping loiffLzws 
 up their natural Fiercenefs and Hardinefs. No °/ Severi- 
 Jollo'iff^ except the King and his Family, are ' ^' 
 allow'd to lye under Tendres (which are Cloths 
 to keep off Flies and Mufquetoes) upon Pain 
 of Slavery, if the King comes to know of it. 
 The like Punifliment alfo attends thofe who 
 prefume to fit upon the fame Mat with thofe 
 of the Royal Family, unlefs firfl ask*d, or 
 prder'd fo to do. 
 
 The Royal Family has a Name, which Some Ac- 
 is ""Njay : They command abfolutely, and the count of 
 Reverence paid to all that Family is very great, ^'^ ^^y^ 
 infomuch that others touch the Ground with "^ 
 
 P 3 their
 
 ii4 TRAVELS into the 
 
 1734' their Faces when they come into their Prefence, 
 yet do they live in great Equality with their 
 Soldiers. The King gives amongft his Soldiers 
 all that he can plunder, taking but jufl what 
 he wants to himfelf. This forces him to con- 
 tinual War •, for fo foon as he has wafted what 
 he has got, either by taking an Enemy's Town, 
 or one of his own, (as I have before mention'd) 
 he mud lay out for fome new Prize to give it 
 to his Men. They for want of Spoils fome- 
 times change their King. 
 
 An Ac. BooMEY Haman Seaca is one of the Family 
 count of q|- j-j^g 'Njays, of a middle Stature, genteel 
 Seaca. " '^'^^ ftrongly made, active, and of a good 
 Countenance, his Teeth white, his Skin the 
 ^^^ • very blackeft, his Nofe high, and his Lips 
 
 thin, fo that his Features were like an Euro- 
 pean, as moft of the Jolloiffs are. He was 
 HisDrefs. cloath'd in a white Cotton Vefh with opert 
 Sleeves, and Breeches which came to his Knees, 
 o^ the fame. His Legs and Arms were bare, 
 on his Head he had a fmall white Cotton Cap, 
 and Gold Rings in his Ears. He rode upon a 
 Horfe and beautiful Milk-whitc Horfe, i6 Hands high. 
 Furniture, ^jth a long Mane, and a Tail which fwept the 
 Ground. His Bridle was of a bright Red- 
 Leather, plated with Silver, zhez t\\t Moorijh 
 Manner*, his Saddle was of the fame, with a 
 high Pommel, and rifing behind. The Breaft- 
 Plate was of Red-Leather plaited with Silver, 
 but they ufe no Cruppers. His Stirrups were 
 fhort, and as large and as long as his Icet, fo 
 as to ftand firm and eafy. Upon chefe he 
 would raifehimfelf quite upright, Hand fteady 
 at full fpeed, and fhoot a Gun or dart aLance 
 as well as if upon the Ground. He always 
 
 carried
 
 /'iJS-
 
 Maud "Parts ^/AFRICA. 215 
 
 carried a Lance or Half- Pike in his Hand a- i734. 
 bout 12 Foot long, which he held upright, 
 refting the lower End upon his Stirrup, between 
 his Toes ; but when he curvetted his Horfe, 
 imitating Adlion, he brandifli'd his Lance high 
 over his Head. I have ktn him do Wonders 
 upon this Horfe, fometimes making him ad- 
 vance 40 or 50 Yards together on his two 
 hinder Feet, without touching the Ground 
 with his fore ones, fometimes curvetting round 
 a Ring, and then draining him fo low with his 
 Belly to the Ground as to carry him under the 
 Mundingo Penthoufes, which are not above 
 four Foot high. Howfoever incredible this 
 may appear to the Reader, I can appeal to 
 numbers of Witnefles for its Truth. 
 
 This Boomey Haman Seaca was King of 
 Bar/ally feven Years : For what Reafon, or 
 how he came to lofe the Kingdom, I cannot 
 tell ; but a younger Man of about 25 Years 
 of Age, who calls him Brother, is the prefent 
 King, who vifited our Fadory at Joar twice 
 in the Year 1 73 1, as I have faid before. Human 
 Seaca was then along with him, alfo another 
 Brother youngerthanhim,and a Third younger 
 than him, call'd Loyt Eminga. The King has 
 a Sifter who is alfo abfolute, and Ihe and the 
 Brothers have Soldiers of their own, who obey 
 their Commands with the greateft Punftuality, 
 were it even againft the King. This King's 
 Sifter Jives about 20 Miles trom Joar. She 
 once fent five Men and fix Horfes to carry me 
 to pay her a Vifit : When I came to her Houfe \ 
 fhe kilPd a Cow for me and my People, and 
 then made the People fet to Dancing and Sing- 
 ing, which continu'd all the Time I ftay'd. 
 
 P 4 On
 
 ber. 
 
 ,1^ T R AV ELS into the 
 
 »734. On the 7th of Novemher I received an An- 
 h'o'vem- fvver to the Letter fent i6th ult. intimating, 
 that they thought there was nothing in this 
 Report, for that for feveral Years paft they 
 never knew one Inftance of fuch Reports com- 
 ing to any thing. However, they would have 
 me fend a Prefent to Hainan Seaca^ in order 
 to have the Faftory protected in cafe he 
 fhould come that Way. They further told 
 me, th-At Mr Hugh Hamilion had, on account 
 of his ill State of Health, refufed to accept of 
 being Third Chief Merchant and Accomptant, 
 which the Company had lately conferred up- 
 on him. 
 
 On the 19th I received the following Lev- 
 ter from the Governor, viz. 
 
 SIR, 
 
 Mr MOORE. 
 
 James Fort, Nozw^, 1734. 
 
 Letter to ' X L a T E L y received from you a Parcel 
 
 the Au- X. ' o^ good Gujn-Senegal fent from Junco 
 
 ^^' * Sunco 0^ 7^animarew ; but as you have given 
 
 ' me no Account, as to where, how far off, 
 
 ' and, what is of the greateft Import, what 
 
 ' Quantities may be yearly produced and 
 
 * purchafed, I defire you, if pofTible, to go 
 ' with Capt. Brown, or to fend up Mr. Wejt- 
 
 * wood, and with Capt. Brown to alk him 
 ' about the above Particulars, and to put it 
 
 * in writing frorn his and the Moor\ own 
 ' Mouth, and to fend it to me by Capt. 
 ' Brown without the lead Delay, which, as 
 
 * the Elizabeth is juft ready to go for England, 
 
 may
 
 Mand Tarts <?/ A F R I C A. 217 
 
 * may be of great Detriment to the Company, i73f« 
 ' if thefe Reniarks are not fent home by her. 
 
 * I DESIRE you would fend me a Line 
 
 * or two as to what Fody Cojear has done 
 -* relating to letting Job's Friends know of 
 ' his bein^ here, and to defire you to let me 
 
 * know ir he has fent a Meflenger, and whea 
 ' expecfted back; in doing which you will ob- 
 
 * lige Job, (who gives his Service to you) and 
 
 SIR, 
 
 ^ • 7'our humble Servant, 
 
 RICHARD HULL, 
 
 Being ill with a violent Cold, and fwelled 
 Throat, I could not go up to Tanimarew my 
 felf, but fent my Writer Mr. JVeJlwood with 
 Capt. Brown, having firft given them fuch 
 Inftrudlions that they could not avoid receiv- 
 ing fatisfadlory Accounts of what they went 
 about. They fet out at Night, and returned 
 the next Night, after which I fent the follow- 
 ing Letter to the Governor. 
 
 JoAR Fa^ory, Nov. 20, 1734. 
 SIR, 
 
 ^ f I ^ HIS comes by way of Damafenfa, Author^ 
 ^ JL and acknowledges the Favour of yours Letter. 
 
 ' of the 13th Current, in anfwer to which 1 
 
 ' muft acquaint you, that not being able (by 
 
 * reafon of a violent Cold in my Head and 
 ' Throat) to <^o my^tl^ to T'ammarew, 1 fept 
 ^ Mr, fVeJlwood, who with Capt. Brozvn have 
 
 ' received
 
 2iS TRAVELS into the 
 
 *734- * received fatisfaftory Anfwers to the Que- 
 ' ftions which you ordered to be put to Jujko 
 *■ Sunco, and the two Moors^ which are as 
 ' follow, viz. 
 
 * I. A s to the Diftance from Tanimarew to 
 ' the G urn-Trees i it is no more than five Days 
 
 * Journey. 
 
 * II. A s to the Circumference of the Woods, 
 
 * they are fixteen Days long, and fix Days 
 
 * wide. 
 
 ' III. A s to what Quantity might yearly 
 
 * be brought to Yanhnarew^ the Moors fay, 
 
 * that the Woods are full of very large Trees, 
 ' and that they ail produce Gum, fo that 
 ' there might be vafl Quantities brought 
 
 * from thence in a Year, provided there is a 
 ' good Correfpondcnce fettled between the 
 ' People of Tan^^ the People of Foota *, and 
 ' the Grand Jolloiffs ; between which Three 
 ' this Gum-Foreft is equally divided. 
 
 ' IV. A s to the Name of the Country, it 
 
 * has no particular one, but (as I faid before) 
 
 * equally divided betv/een the People of I'awjy 
 
 * Foota, and Grand Jolloiffs, which lall inha- 
 
 * bit about fix Days Journey from the Gum- 
 
 * IVces. 
 
 ' V. As to the Inhabitants, there are none 
 ' • at all near the Woods. 
 
 ' VI. and Vllth. There is no River in 
 
 * the Road from Tariimarew to the Woods, 
 
 ' the 
 
 * This is Joh'i Country, being Phohys.
 
 Inland Tarts <?/ A F R I C A. 21^ 
 
 * the River Gambia being the neareft to them, 1734. 
 
 * and as for the River Senegal it is feven or 
 
 * eight Days Journey from the Gum-Trees. 
 
 ' VIII. They are Strangers to all White 
 
 * Men, having never traded with any. But 
 
 * Junco Sunco fays, that with a little Trouble 
 
 * and Pains the Company might fettle a good 
 ' Correfpondence, and any Body then may 
 
 * travel to the Woods with fafety. 
 
 * IX. A s to any other Trade they fay, they 
 
 * are Strangers to it, but that there are vaft 
 5 Numbers of Elephants thereabouts. 
 
 ' This, Sir, is the Subflance of what I can 
 
 * gather from Meflieurs Brown and Weftwood^ 
 
 * whofe Notes (as well as an imperfedl 
 
 * Draught by Junco Sunco) I have here in- 
 
 * clofed, not doubting but that fome of them 
 
 * will prove very fatisfaftory both to you 
 ' and the Company. 
 
 'Be pleas'd to give my Service to Mr. 
 "* Job^ and to tell him, that his laft Letters 
 
 * went from Cower the 9th Inftant, but what 
 
 * Time the Meffenger will return is mpft un- 
 ' certain. 1 am, 
 
 SIR, 
 
 Tour moji hufnhle Servant, 
 
 FRA. MOORE. 
 
 O N the 26th the Fame Sloop being at Da" 
 mafenfa, and I having about twelve Slaves 
 
 by
 
 ^20 TRAVELS into the 
 
 '734' by me, fent to Capt. Brown to come and fetch 
 
 . , them down, in order to carry them to Jamei 
 
 <Toes down Fort i the next Day he accordingly came up, 
 
 to James and I having difpofed of all my merchantable 
 
 Fort. Goods at the Fadlory, I thought it advifable 
 
 to take this Opportunity of going down to 
 
 the Fort, where 1 arrived on the third of Be^ 
 
 cemher. 
 
 Pecemher. O N the pth in the Evening came up the 
 'Dolphin Scooner, Meflieurs Norry and Rofs^ 
 from London^ but laft from Holland ; where 
 they left the Company's Snow Succefs jult 
 ready to fail for this Place, with a good Cargo, 
 With this Scooner, came over one Mr fFillia?n 
 Cleveland, Brother-in-Law toour fecond Chief 
 Merchant Mr Charles Orfeur, with a full De? 
 iign to get a Fortune by trading here againft 
 the Company, having for that purpofe 
 brought over a pretty good Cargo of Goods 
 amounting to 400 1. Sterlings intending to 
 fettle and live in Mr Orfenr^s Houfe at Gillyr 
 free. However, our Governor Mr //////, be- 
 ing flrongly rivetted to the Company's In- 
 rereft, would not fuffer his Colleague's Bror 
 ther to fettle and trade againft the Company -, 
 upon which Mr Cleveland dlfpoftd of his Goods 
 • to the Company, for which they paid him ia 
 Slaves, after which he went down the Coaft 
 with the faid Scooner. 
 
 On the iith arrived the Company's Snow 
 Succefs, C^>i. Robert IVrighl, with a very good 
 Cargo qf Goods, and Mr Iho^nas Hilton a 
 ^Vrite^. 
 
 On
 
 returns to 
 oar. 
 
 Maud Tarts tf/ A F R I C A. i-2', 
 
 N the 26th after I put on board the Fame 1734- 
 Sloop, John Broivn Mailer, (who was then -Author 
 going a Trading- Voyage up the River, with !^ 
 y\.r James Conner^ Super- Cargo and Fadtor) a 
 fmall fortable Cargo for Joar^ and in the Af- 
 ternoon we left James Fort, I having Mr 
 Thomas Hilton as my Alliftant. 
 
 On the ift o^ January^ ^^hWii we were ly- janaar^ 
 ing alongfide o^ Elephants l^2ind for the Tide 
 of Flood to make, Mr Conner and I went a- 
 fhore to a Town call'd Nedmato^ where I re- 
 ceived Advice that Boomey Haman Seaca was 
 up in Arms againft the King of Barfally ; and 
 that being advanced within half a Day's Jour- 
 ney of Joavy almoft all the People of that 
 •Town had abandon'd it, and, among the reft, 
 the Perfons with whom 1 left the Charge of 
 my Fa6tory. This News furprized me much, 
 and I immediately hired a fmall Canoa and 
 ■ three Men to carry me up to Joar, where I 
 arrived the next Day, and found about ten 
 People in the Town, all in my Houl'e, the 
 Company's Goods fafe, and in the very fame 
 Condition that I left them. 
 
 1 WAS not more afraid of their being dole, Account 
 than of being fpoiled by a pernicious Vermin oi Bugga- 
 called Biiggabuggs ; they are very deftrudlive ^^SK'- 
 wherever they get ; their Way of Travelling 
 
 is, firft to make an hollow Pipe and Tube of 
 Dirt, much like an Arch of a Vault, under 
 which they go without being feen. They are 
 a fort of \Vhite Ants, will work very faft, for 
 in twelve Hours they will make their Tube, 
 and travel eight or nine Yards to get to a 
 Cheft, Box or Barrel; wherever they get, they 
 
 make
 
 viii TRAVELS into the 
 
 1735. make ftrange Work, efpecially in Woollen 
 Cloths-, in fhort, nothing comes amifs to them, 
 f- for they feed as hearty upon Wood as any thing 
 
 at all ; and what is moft remarkable is, that 
 they eat the Infide only of a Cheft or Table } 
 fo that when they have entirely deitroy'd it, 
 by eating the Heart and Subftance of the 
 Wood, yet do they appear to the Eye to be 
 Aill found. The Sun is their Enemy, for ic 
 will kill them for a Time; but I have obfcr- 
 ved, that after the Sun is down they will re- 
 cover their Strength and Vigour. Every Bo- 
 dy is obliged to watch thefe Creatures, and 
 to take care they come not to their Cherts 5 
 which is done by putting them upon Stands 
 with the Legs of them well tarred ; and if 
 they let the Tarr be a Week without new do- 
 ing it over, it is ten to one but they will make 
 them a Vifit. 
 
 On the 5th Mr Conner arrived with the 
 Fame Sloop. I immediately had my Goods 
 brought up to the Fadory, and the next 
 Morning early he proceeded on his Voyage 
 up the River j foon after which I difpatched 
 a Meflenger away to Boomey Hainan Seaca^ 
 with fome Brandy and a Hanger, as a Fre- 
 fent to him from the Company, in order to 
 find good Ufage at the Hands of him and 
 his Feople, in cafe he fliould take this Road, 
 he being now at a Town call'd Sanjally^ about 
 halt aDay's Journey homjoar. The Meflenger 
 return'd the next Day withahandfom friendly 
 Mefiage from him, That he valued all White 
 Men, and would therefore never ufe any of 
 them ill, efpecially Me, whom he had known 
 a long time ago, ever fince the time he was 
 
 with
 
 hland Tarts (5/ A F R I C A. 12^ 
 
 with the King of Barfaliy, at the Fa6lory in lySS^f 
 the Year 1731. and that in cafe the War 
 ihould continue, his People fhould not upon 
 any Account hurt or moleft me. 
 
 On the 21ft Mr Thomas Hilton, my Affi-MrH/iow 
 llant, died of a Fever, having been i\\ about '^'^^* 
 ten Days. I buried him very decently in our 
 Garden under an Orange- Tree. The next 
 Day I took an Account of his Things, and 
 found about Forty Pounds Sterling Worth of 
 Goods fit for Trade ; after which I fent down 
 a Meflenger to James Fort, with an Account 
 of his Death and Effefts, and of the Meffage 
 I received from Boomev Haman Seaca, 
 
 On the 29th came up from Damafenfa in J. B.Sj^ 
 a. Canoa Job Ben Solomon, who, I forgot to fay, ""''" s*"- 
 came up in the Fa7?ie Sloop along with nie"^^^^^'^^_ 
 from Jaines Fort on the 26th of D<?r(?;«^^rl aft, ^-Q^d time. 
 and going on Shore with me at Elephants 
 Ifland, and hearing that the People of Joar 
 were run away, it made him unwilling to 
 proceed up hither, and therefore he defired 
 Conner to put him and his things alhore at a 
 Place call'd India, about fix Miles above 
 Damafenfa, where he has continued ever fince •, 
 but now hearing that there is no farther Dan- 
 ger, he thought he might venture his Body 
 and Goods along with mine and the Compa- 
 ny's, and fo came up. 
 
 ■ On the r4th a MelTenger,whom I had fentFt'^ry^T. 
 to JolT^ Country, returned hither with Letters, ^ A^eflsi- 
 and Advice that Joh"^ Father died before he l^'^^'S^^', 
 got up thither, but that he had liv'd to re- CountryV 
 ceive the Letters fent by Job from England^ 
 
 which
 
 i24 TRAVELS into the 
 
 173^ which brought him the welcome News of his 
 Son's being redeemed out of Slavery, and the 
 What Ac- pjgure he made in England. That one o£ 
 Meffenger 7^^'s Wives was married to another Man ?. 
 brought, but that as foon as the Hufb.ind heard of 
 Joh^s, Arrival here, he thought it advifable to 
 abfcond : That fince Job's Abfence from his 
 Country, there has been fuch a dreadful War,- 
 that there is not fo much as one Cow left in 
 it, tho' when Job was there, it was a very- 
 noted Country for numerous Herds of large 
 Cattle. With this Meflenger came a good 
 many of Job^s old Acquaintance, whom he 
 ■was exceeding glad to fee ; but notwithftand- 
 ing the Joy he had to fee his Friends, he wept 
 grievoufly for his Father's Death, and the 
 Misfortunes of his Country. He forgave his 
 Wife, and the Man that had taken her ; For^ 
 fays he, Mr Moore, Jlje could not help thinking 
 1 "was dead, for I -was gone to a Land from 
 lijbeme no Pholey ever yet returned ; therefore 
 Jlje is not to be blafnedy Jjor the Man neither. 
 For three or four Days he held a Converfation 
 with his Friends without any Interruption, 
 unlefs to deep or eat. 
 
 March. O M the 8 th of March the Snow Dolphin^ 
 Capt. Robert Clarke^ a Separate Trader, came 
 up to Rtwibo's Port, in order to trade for 
 Slaves. 
 
 Ilaman O N thc luh, early in the Morning, arri- 
 Seacas ved fixty of Boomey Haman Seaca*s People i 
 f *T'^a* about twenty of them were finely mounted on 
 with a Horfeback well arm'd, and thofe on Foot 
 faifcStory. were armed with Bows, Arrows and Piftols. 
 The Head Man who conducted them came into 
 
 the
 
 Inlofid Tarts of AFRICA, laj 
 
 the Fa(5lory alone^ the others ftay'doutat the i^is- 
 Door of my Cirk. He told me, that the 
 Boomey had fent him to let me know that he 
 pafs'd by here laU Night, to go to fight the 
 King at Cohone ; that he would not bring all 
 his People here, for fear hefliould not be able 
 to govern them, and by that means the Fac- 
 tory come to any Damage. 1 told him to 
 give my Service to the Boomey, and thank 
 him for his Care of the Compahy*s Effetfls, 
 and having made him a fmall Prefent of a 
 Piflol and Gutlafs, and fent fome Powder and 
 Ball by him to the Boomey, he and the reft of 
 them departed extreamly well fatisfied. 
 
 On the i6th, in the Evening, arrived ^ir^ov.HuIf 
 Hull our Governor in the Ja7nes Sloop, who J'"'^" ^' 
 was going over Land to the Gum Forelt along j^jg ^y^y 
 with Job^ in order to open a Trade there. He to the 
 brought up with him Mr Henry Johnfon^ late Gum Fo- 
 Mafter of the Adventure Sloop, which is now 
 broke up : He expeded to find Mr Conner here ; 
 but being difappointed, and by me defir'd to 
 take himfelf the Charge of the Company's 
 Goods, he order'd me to deliver the fame to 
 the Care and Charge of Mr Johnfon, which 
 I accordingly did : After which he defir'd that 
 1 would joyn with Mr Johnfon in the Manage- 
 ment of the Fa6tory, and trading with the 
 Merchants, which I did likewife. 
 
 Towards the latter Erid of t!ie Month, B. Haman 
 whilft the Governor was at the Fadory, Boo- BenJa vi- 
 mey Haman Benda, the King o^ Bar/ally's Bro- ^^[ ^'""'^ 
 thcr, who ftill ftuck to the King's Part, came 
 to fee him, with a very great Attendance, I 
 believe fortv Men, moft of rhcm on Horfe- 
 Q^ back.
 
 ii6 TRAVELS into the 
 
 »735- back. At Night he return'd to Cower to lie. 
 What intending the next Day to make him another 
 thS. Vifit. Hama?t Seaca, being ftill at Sanjally, 
 hearing of Haman BenAa^^ being now at Cower ^ 
 fent out a Party of about an hundred Men, 
 all well armed, fome on Foot and fome on 
 Horfcback, in order to fight with Haman 
 BencUiy or take fome of his Attendants Prr- 
 loners ; which he hearing of, immediately fled 
 away into the Heart of Bar/ally as faft as pof- 
 fible, and difpatched a Meflenger to acquaint 
 the Governor that he could not wait upon him 
 as he intended, but defired him to fend him 
 a Gallon or two of Brandy. Between Cower 
 and Joar the MeiTenger was met by Haman 
 Seaca's People ; one of whom, without any 
 Ceremony, fhot him thro' the Body, and thcrt 
 took his Horfe. After which they walked 
 three or four times along the Savannah^ and 
 finding that Haman Benda*s People would not 
 fight them, they came up to the Fadory, and 
 drank a Gallon or two of Brandy, and then 
 return'd to Sanjally. 
 
 April O N the 5th the Fa?ne Sloop came dowif 
 Mr Conner with Mr Jajnes Cornier, Faftor, from a Tra- 
 arnvesat ding Voyage up the River, and Mr 7homas 
 relieve^ Pahner and Thomas Hull^ late Chiefs at Brucoe t 
 me. they having now, by the Governor's Order, 
 
 broke up that Fadory, on account of there 
 being but little Trade about it : Which had 
 they done twenty Months ago (as I advifed 
 them) would have faved a good deal of Mo- 
 ney to the Company. Mr Palmer was de- 
 fign'd for Secretary 2xjames Fort, in the room 
 of Mr Samuel Turner, who was made Ac- ; 
 
 compcanCy
 
 Inlmd Tarts pf A F R I C A. A27 
 
 cbmptanc, and Mr Thomas Hull was to flay 1735* 
 here as an Afliftant to Mr Conner. 
 
 And now that I live by myfelf, it may 
 not, perhaps, be difagreeable for a Perfon 
 never oat of England to hear how I hved in 
 
 Africa. 
 
 i GOT up by Day-break, in order to enjoy Account 
 the Cool of the Mornings, and oftentimes took h°^ 'he 
 a Ride of three or four Miles Irom home, thro' "^^"^Jj^J^jg 
 Woods and Savannahs, the Air being then ve- T^jme Ia 
 ry pleafant : As foon as I came back I break- Africa. 
 faded on Green or Bohea Tea, or for want of 
 it, a fort of Tea which grows wild in the 
 Woods, call'd Simbo?2g, Quantities of which 
 have been fent to England, and feveral People 
 there admired it much. When I wanted Su- 
 gar, which was feldom, I made ufe of Ho- 
 ney, reckoned to be very wholfome ; but if 
 taken too much, is apt to give a Perfon the 
 Flux. When the Frelhes were fo ftrong that 
 no Vefiels could come up from which I could 
 get fome Sugar, and when the Natives had 
 employ*d all their Honey in making Honey- 
 Wine, then I was forced to quit my Tea for 
 Sweet Milk, which is very plenty amongft 
 the Vboleys. This I cat cold, with Cakes broke 
 into it, made of Flower of Rice or Guinea 
 Corn, mix'd up with Water, and baked over 
 a Fire in an Iron Pot. This Country Milk, 
 whatever is the Reafon of it, will rcldom or 
 never bear boiling without turning ; I impu- 
 ted it to the Sournefs of the Grafs which the 
 Cows eat. For Dinner I had frequently Beef, 
 fometimes frefh, and fometimes powder*d, for 
 it would keep in Salt fix or ^^wza Days toge- 
 0^2 ther
 
 n.S TRAVEL S hto the 
 
 1735. ther without fpoiling: This I either boiled and 
 eat with Coofcoofh, as the Natives do, or elfc 
 I boiled it with Pompkins or Coliloo, like 
 Spinage, both which are there exceeding plen- 
 ty. Fowls are fo cheap, that you may buy 
 them for three Charges of Gunpowder apiece ; 
 and when I wanted either Fifh or Game, I fent 
 out one of the Company's Servants, who was 
 a Hunter, allow'd us by the Company to keep, 
 and he feldom fail'd of bringing in either Wild 
 Hog, Deer, Ducks, Partridges, Wild Geefe, 
 or Crown Birds ; all which are plenty in their 
 different Seafons. 
 
 The Afternoon was the ufual Time for 
 Trade ; but fometimes would laft for three 
 Days together ; which being my proper 
 Bufinefs, I never neglefted. If it ended 
 foon, I would fometimes take a Tnp to 
 the neighbouring Towns, and return'd home 
 to Supper ; after which I amufed myfelf with 
 writing, reading, or vifiting my Neighbours 
 till Bed' time, where I commonly was treated 
 with Palm-Wine, Ciboa-Wine, Honey- Wine, 
 or elfe a Fruit call'd Cola, which relifhes Wa- 
 ter. I ufed frequently to go a Shooting, 
 which was chiefly Doves and Partridges, they 
 being found not far from the Fadory. Guefts 
 I was ufed to have fometimes in plenty, fome 
 being Traders, and others Meffengers from 
 Great Men of the neighbouring Kingdoms, 
 who would frequently fend me Prefents of 
 Cows, Cloths, and fometimes a Slave ; but 
 this was not very pleafmg to me, becaufe I 
 was fenfible that they exptcfled I fhould return 
 them Prefents to more than the Worth of 
 what they fent me. All thefe Prefents were 
 
 for
 
 
 i- 
 
 •^ 
 
 ^ 
 
 1 
 
 jA 
 
 ^ 
 
 J 
 
 •1 i : 
 
 M
 
 Inland Tarts <?/ A F R I G A. iip 
 
 for the Company's Benefit, and I accordingly 173s- 
 accounted for them. 
 
 The Negroe Women drefs'd my Viduals 
 in earthen Ware, fweet and clean, and made 
 by the Natives. I had alfo two Iron Pots from 
 yames Fort, one of which was for the Ufe of 
 the Company's Slaves and Servant, and the 
 other ferved me on high Days, when I had 
 Company, or elfe for an Oven to bake in. 
 I had a good large Bedchamber ; in the rainy 
 Seafon I always kept a Fire in it. My Bed 
 was rais'd from the Ground about two Feet 
 upon Forks, at the Head and Feet Poles laid 
 on them, and a Hurdle made of Split Cane 
 laid above them, which anfwer'd the Sacking- 
 Bottom of our Englijh Bedfteads. I had a 
 Bed made of coarfe Cotton-Cloths, the Pro- 
 duce of the Country, which I got fluffed with 
 Silk Cotton, a fort of Down. Befides what I 
 brought from England^ the K. of Barfally^ and 
 his Sifter gave me fome Cotton Cloths fix 
 Yards long and three wide, which I ufed for 
 Sheets. At the four Corners of my Bedftead 
 I fet up four Poles to fupport a kind of Pavi- 
 lion made of thin Cloth, for keeping off the 
 Mufquetoes. In one Corner of my Room I 
 had a large Jarr of Water raifed upon For- 
 killas, to keep it from Vermin. Other Fur- 
 niture, as I had little Occafion for it, I was 
 not troubled with. 
 
 O N the 6th, as I was walking about a Author 
 Quarter of a Mile from Joar Factory, I found finds a 
 the Foot of a Beaft, the Carcafs having been j^^^^^,^ 
 devour'd, as I believe, by a Lion, much re- pogt. 
 fembling a Baboon, but as big as that of a 
 Q, 3 M^" '
 
 -30 TRAVELS into the 
 
 I73^ Man •, it was newly kill'd, cover'd with Hair 
 about an Inch long. I brought it home, and 
 ihow'd it Governor Hull^ and examining fome 
 of the Natives, they told us, that it was the 
 Foot of what they call'd a Wild Man •, that 
 there are a good many of them in this Coun- 
 try, but they are feldom found •, they are as 
 tall as a Man, have Breads like a Woman, 
 and have a fort of a Language, and walk up*' 
 on their t eet as Human Creatures. 
 
 Author O N the 8th, having deliver'd up the Corn- 
 
 leaves pany's Efleds to Mr JamesConner^ and taken 
 '^°'^*^' proper Difcharges for the fame, I embarked 
 on Board the Company's Sloop James^ to 
 which Mr F^ull accompanied me, and parted 
 with me in a very friendly manner. Job 
 His part- likewife came down with me to the Sloop, 
 ^J^b\- ^^^^ parted with me with Tears in his Eyes, 
 lomon. ^^ fhe fame time giving me Letters for 
 his Grace the Duke of Montaghe^ the Royal 
 African Company, Mr Oglethorpe^ and feveral 
 other Gentlemen in Englajid^ telling me to 
 give his Love and Duty to them, and to ac- 
 quaint them, that as he dcfigns to learn to 
 write the Englijh Tongue, he will, when he is 
 Mafler of it, fend them longer Epiftles, and 
 full Accounts of what fhall happen to hini 
 hereafter ; defiring me, that as I had lived 
 ■with him almofi: ever fince he came there, I 
 would let his Grace and the other Gentlemen 
 know what he had done, and that he was the 
 next Day going with Mr Hull up to Tamma- 
 rew^ from whence he would accompany him 
 to the Gum t orcfl:, and make fo good an 
 Underftanding between the Company and his 
 Country People, that the Engli/Jj Nation fliould 
 
 reap
 
 Inland Tarts <?/ A F R I C A. 23 s 
 
 reap the Benefit of the Gum Trade ; faying 1735. 
 at laft, that he would fpend his Days in endea- 
 vouring to do good for the E7igli/Ij, by whom 
 he had been redeemed from Slavery, and from 
 whom he had received fuch innumerable Fa- 
 vours. 
 
 Immebiately after I fet fail, and in four 
 Days arrived at James Fort, where the Com- 
 pany's Snow Dolphin lay taking in a Cargo of 
 Elephants Teeth and Bees- Wax. 
 
 On the 13th of May, having fettled my ^^y- 
 Accompts, and got my Accompt Currant fignM ^^^^'^^ 
 by Mr Charles Orfeur, I made myfelf ready ^-^v^^ 
 to embark for England. In the Afternoon and fets 
 Mr Hamiltony late C. Merchant, and feveral «"' for 
 others befides myfelf, embarked aboard the ^"^^'^"^^ 
 Dolphin Snow, Capt. Thomas Freeman^ for 
 London, Mr Orfeur^ and all the other Gentle- 
 men accompanied us down to the Boat, where 
 ve drank a couple of Bottles of Wine; and 
 >en having taken our Leaves of one another, 
 ad put off from Shore, the Fort fired nine 
 0ns, in complaifance to Mr Hugh Hamilton^ 
 hehaving been for fome time Chief Merchant. 
 W immediately fet fail in Company v^^ith the 
 Sucefs, Capt. IVright, bound on a Trading 
 VoysiaQ to Crutcheo and Portodally. We both 
 fainted the Fort with nine Guns each, and bath 
 had the fame Number returned. 
 
 B Y reafon of the frelh Sea-Breezes we were 
 nt able to reach Banyon Point in lefs than two 
 Tys, where we fent our Boat afhore to pur- 
 chfe Fowl, which by the Negligence of the 
 Saors was ftove ; but Capt. IVright's People 
 0^4 being
 
 ^32 TRAVELS into the 
 
 1735. being afhore, were fo good as to bring off out 
 People, and tow the Boat aboard after them. 
 The next Day we paflTed out of the River 
 Gambia, and took our Departure from Cape 
 Saint Marfs^ with a pretty frefh Gale going 
 about fix * Knots an Hour, 
 
 O N the 31ft, about Noon, died one of our 
 Ship-Mates, Mr James Ellis, who was ill 
 when we left Gambia, but died a Martyr to 
 Rum j for when he was not able to lift a Mug 
 to his Mouth, he made fhift to fuck it thro' 
 a Pipe, and died with a Pipe and a Mug full 
 of Bumbo clofe to his Pillow. He was com- 
 mitted to the Deep, and the Service read over 
 him. 
 
 ^uns. On the 28 th of June we fpoke with a large 
 Ship, Capt. Shields Commander, from the 
 Gum Coaft, but laft from S.Jago, oneof th' 
 Cape Ferd Iflands, bound for London, havin 
 made a pretty good Voyage, 
 
 ^u/j. O N the loth of July, in the Morningj-ve 
 brought to, founded, and found Ground 'ith 
 eighty Fathom of Line, which by the Eer\- 
 ing we brought to feventy five. Ever ince 
 the 29th of June we had hard Gales of Vind 
 but being diredly fair for us, we had nofaucl 
 reafon to complain. This Day we fpokc witi 
 a Ship for London from Jamaica in eight Week- 
 The next Morning we made the EngliJ/j Coafi 
 and foon after we fawthe Edijione Lightho^e 
 abreaft of us. The Gale continuing, we vnt 
 forward right before the Wind at a great B^^- 
 At Midnight we were not a little furpriz*! to 
 hear one of our Sailors cry out Land ! 'ight 
 * i. e. Miks, asad /
 
 Inland Tarts <?/ A F R I C A. 535 
 
 ahead ! we judging ourfelves at leaft five 1735. 
 Leagues from it. We lowered our Sails, and 
 lay to till Day-light ; at which time we per- 
 ceived the Fellow was under a iMiftake, being 
 then out of Sight of Land. 
 
 On the 12th we were chafed by one of the 
 King's Sloops, who when flie came near us 
 fired a Shot, and brought us to ; after which 
 one of the Lieutenants belonging to the Edin- 
 horoKgh Man of War, came on Board us ; and 
 after having detain'd us about four Hours, took 
 away three of our beft Sailors, and left three 
 others in their Stead. In the Afternoon we 
 made the IJle of Wight ; and the next Morning 
 at Day- light we were got abreaft of Beachy 
 Head •, about nine we came to Dungennefsy 
 where lay about thirty Sail of outward-bound 
 Ships. Soon after we came to the Downs, 
 where lay alfo a great number of Ships out- 
 ward-bound, and two or three Men of War, 
 We came to anchor, and waited for a Pilot , 
 at laft one came off, with whofe Boat I went 
 afhoretoD*?^/, having been exactly twoMonths 
 on our Voyage from James Fort, in the River 
 Gambia. I lay all Night at Deal, and refrefh- 
 ed myfelf ; the next Morning I got a Horfe 
 and fet out towards Grave/end, where I arrived 
 in the Afternoon. There I chofe to flay all 
 Night, and went up to London in a Pair of 
 Oars ; from whence by the firft Pod I fent 
 Letters to acquaint my Friends of my Return 
 from j^frica -, which our Englifh People molt 
 of them think fo unhealthy, that White Peo- 
 ple cannot live there, by reafon of the excef- 
 five Heat. The next Return of the Pod I 
 received a kiqd Letter from my Mother, ex- 
 
 preffing
 
 
 TRAVELS into the 
 
 prefling the Joy and Satisfa6l:ion fhe received 
 by hearing of the Return of her Son, whom 
 ihe had for four or five Years paft never ex- 
 pefted to fee again ; and in the fame Letter 
 ihe fent me the melancholy Account of my 
 Father's Death, as likewife of two Brothers 
 and a Sifter, and feveral other near Relations, 
 fince the Year 1730. of which I never before 
 had received the leaft Account. 
 
 I wAiTEo upon the Company, who were 
 very well pleas'd with my Behaviour whilft 
 in their Service; they pail me what Money 
 was due to mc, and in the Month of September 
 following I fet out for the City of Worcejler^ 
 where I was kindly received by my old Ac- 
 quaintance, and returned Gon Thanks, who 
 thro' fo many Dangers had brought me back 
 in Safety to my Friends, Relations, and na- 
 tive Country. 
 
 JOUR-
 
 JOURNAL 
 
 O F A 
 
 VOYAGE up the Gambia. 
 
 . B E I N G A N 
 
 Attempt for making Discoveries, 
 and improving the Trade of that 
 River, by MefT. Bartholomew Sttbbsy 
 Edward Drummond^ and Richard HuUy 
 in the Year 1723, 
 
 N the 7th of 05loher, 1723. I 1723. 
 arrived at the Mouth of the 05iober. 
 River Gambia with the African 
 Company of England*^ iihip 
 Difpatch^ having proper Inllruc- 
 tions for proceeding up the faid 
 River with Canoas as far as pofiible, in quefl: 
 of the Gold Mines, and making other Difco- 
 veries in this Country. At Noon I anchor'd 
 at Ja?nes IJIand, faluting the Fort with 5 Guns, 
 and then went afhore ; where, to my great 
 Surprize, I found that Mr Glynn the Gover- 
 nor had been dead near fix Months, and was 
 
 fuc-
 
 ii3^ VOYAGE up the 
 
 J723' lucceeded by Mr Jofeph JVilly, who was at 
 prefent up at Joar -with Mr Orfeur, Lieut. 
 Macfwain and Dr Caffull. 
 
 I IMMEDIATELY confultcd With Mr Hull, 
 who is Secretary and Chief Faftor, and with 
 whom the Fort was at prefent entrufted, and" 
 who immediately difpacch'd away a Canoa to 
 Mr IVilly at Joar with the Company's Pac- 
 quet. I wrote to him myfelf alfo, acquaint- 
 ing him of the Company's having appointed 
 me Chief Condudtor of the Expedition up this 
 River. Both Mr Hull and myfelf defired he 
 would give fpeedy Orders for buying up Ca- 
 noas, and to purchafe what he could there, 
 for at prefent I found they had none. 
 
 On the i6th the Canoa rettwn'd, which 
 carried the Difpatches to Joar, but without 
 any Anfwer to my Letter -, and in the Letter 
 to Mr Hull, Mr fVilly fays there are no Ca- 
 noas to be bought there •, without taking any 
 farther Notice of it, or giving Orders for buy- 
 ing any •, at which we were much concern'd. 
 
 O N the 24th two Gromettas (or hired 
 Black Servants) came down from Joat-y being 
 hired by Mr IVilly for the Company's Service, 
 but they brought no Letters at all. 
 
 On the 26th, late at Night, came down 
 the Gamhia Sloop, Capt. Uring, from Joar^ 
 with 49 Slaves. He brings feveral Letters, 
 [which mention nothing of the Expedition] 
 but none for me. From the Captain I un- 
 derftood that Mr IFilly thinks little or nothing 
 of the Affair, that fome Canoas may be bought 
 there, and that one very good one was offer'd 
 him, but yet was not bought, nor could he 
 fay that he defign'd to buy it : That it would 
 >e a Fortnight yet, he thought, before Mr 
 
 JVilly
 
 River GAMBIA. 237 
 
 fFilly came down •, upon which I refolvM to >723- 
 write again to Mr fFilly, altho* he has taken 
 no manner of Notice of my former Letter. 
 
 On the 28th the Gambia Sloop fail'd for 
 Joar again, by whom I fent the following 
 X-etter : 
 
 To JOSEPH WILLY, E/q; j 
 
 S I R, Odlober 28, 1723.' 
 
 AFTER upward of 20 Days being arrived 
 here, on an Account which I am very fen^ 
 fible the Royal Cofnpany expels their utmofi Inte- 
 rejl to be employed in here^ I a?n very forry to find 
 1 can neither have the Honour of hearing from 
 youy or feeing you ; and, to my further Mortifi- 
 cation, to hear that there are no Camas above,, 
 nor fo much as an Order yet to procure any here 
 lielow. The Seafon now advances fwiftly, and 
 if I cannot be purfuing the Defign by the beginning 
 of December, it is in vain to think on it after^ 
 wards. The Ship ?nay fiay with you, if you think 
 it for the Royal Company* s Intereft : But if the 
 Defign on which I amfolely and particularly come^ 
 thro* any unforefeen Accidents or Ofnijfwns, can- 
 not be carried on in the Time abovemention*d, and 
 that you have no Cargo ready by the Difpatch, 
 my Defign is to return to England with Capt, 
 Rodwell, ttnlefs with confulting with you we can 
 form afpeedy Voyage for the Company* s Intere[iy 
 which probably it is not difficult to do ; but I wilt 
 fiay in this River on no account long, (unlefs on 
 the Expedition for which I am folely cofne) but 
 endeavour by a fpeedy Return to put Matters in 
 fuch a Pofiure, that nothing the next Tear may 
 be wanting to purfue an Affair, which I a?n but; 
 too fenfibk the Royal Company have €Xtrea?nly at 
 
 heart.
 
 :i38 VOYAGE lip the 
 
 *7^3- heart. I beg Leave Ukeivife to ajfure you, thai 
 to IP as high as Barracunda, or fomewhat higher, 
 ivtll not at all anfwer the Royal Cojnpanfs In- 
 tentions, as having longfince by many been per- 
 formed, and to go higher after Chriftmas is hard- 
 ly praolicable : Therefore 'twas highly necejjary 
 we had gone about it in earneft immediately on my 
 Arrival ; for what ^ith Time loji in buying the 
 CanoaSy and fitting of them, (here being no Car- 
 penter but my own) we had been full late, -\had the 
 greateji Expedition been us*d at firji ; but now 
 there is a Month or five Weeks will be elapfed 
 before we can fo much as confult or debate upon 
 it. I a?n heartily forry for the Royal Company's 
 Charges on this Affair, but more for their Dif- 
 appointments •, and hope next Tear wefhallpurfue 
 it with fuch Unanimity of Opinions, as may fully 
 make them amends for the Lofs of this Seafon^^ 
 I amy 
 
 Sir, 
 
 7'ours, See. 
 
 BARTH. STIBBS. 
 
 1 HOPE the foregoing Letter, with another 
 fent him by Mr Hull, will roufe him from 
 his Lethargy, and give him more generous 
 
 Notions 
 
 f Mr Sfil>is himfelf here mentions his being very fen- 
 fible, that he fet out too late in the Year upon his Difco- 
 very. If he had fet out from Fatatenda in the beginning 
 of November, he might have made his way up much far- 
 ther by Water. He afterwards feems to think that this ii 
 not the Niger, becaufe he could not go up high enough ; 
 whereas he here fays, that the reafon of his not being able 
 to go up as far as the anonymous Journal mentions, is be- 
 caufe it was too late in the Year,
 
 Rker G A M B I A: 23^ 
 
 J^otions of the Expedition than at prefent I 1723*. 
 learn he has. 
 
 On the 29th the Bajrah Shnllop was dif- 
 patch'd for Jenock, to purchafe Corn and Ca- 
 noas for the Expedition. 
 
 On the 31ft, in the Afternoon, the Com- 
 pany's Pinnace (to our great Surprize) brought 
 down the Corps of Mr JVilly. It feems he 
 left Joar laft Tuefday Evening, being then 
 much diforder'd in his Head, and died on 
 Board the Brigantine Advice^ Capt. Rodwell^ 
 that fame Night, or rather IVednefday Morn- 
 ing, being then off Elephanfs Ifland. They 
 tell us likewife, that Lieut. Mac/wain and 
 Dr Cafful are fo bad, that their Lives are 
 defpair'd of ; and that Mr JVill'j had broke 
 up the Fa<ftory at Joar before he came away, 
 leaving Mr Orfeur (who now is Chief) and 
 Mr Rogers, with the James IJland Sloop, ta 
 flay a little longer to fee if the King of Bar- 
 Jolly would come and make up the Palaver. 
 Mr Willy was buried on the North Baft ion, 
 where feveral other Governors lie ; the Fore 
 firing i6 Guns minutely, and I ten afterwards 
 from my Ship. 
 
 On the I ft of November^ at Noon, the Fort 
 hoifted the Flag, and fir'd nine Guns to the 
 new Governor's Health (Mr Orfeur) it being 
 a Cuftom here, altho' he was at Joar, and t 
 fir'd five from my Ship. At Eight at Nighc 
 came up the Hamilton's Boat, Capt. Kirk, wha 
 has the Miners, (^c. on Board for the Expe- 
 dition ; the Ship is without the River. 
 
 O n the 2d, in the Morning, a Canoa' 
 brought down the Body of Dr Hugh Caffull,^ 
 who came out about ^\yi Months ago as chief 
 Surgeon for the Expedition up the River. 
 
 He
 
 240 VOYAGE tip m 
 
 1723- He died yefterday Morning on Board the 
 Brigantine Advice^ Capt. RodwelU in his Way- 
 down hither from Joar, His Body was foon 
 after fent over to Gillyfree to be interr'd, the 
 Fort firing four Guns. This Gentleman died 
 univerfally lamented, he having the beft of 
 Charafters, which proves a great Lofs to the 
 Expedition. 
 
 A T Noon the Corps of Lieut. Mac/wain 
 was brought down, who died alfo on Board 
 the Brigantine at Three this Morning. He 
 was buried in the Evening on the EaftBaftion, 
 the Fort firing fix Guns. This young Man 
 had alfo a very good Charadler. In theEven- 
 incy the Advice Brigantine came down from 
 Joar^ and anchor'd between us and the Fort. 
 
 O N the 4th, in the Afternoon, the HamiU 
 ion^ Capt. Kirk^ came up, and fent aihore the 
 Miners and Surgeon in good Health, viz, 
 eight Miners, with their Captain, and his 
 Deputy, and a Smith for them, in all eleven, 
 and a Surgeon and his Mate, being all for 
 the Expedition. 
 
 O N the 5th came down the Gambia Sloop 
 from Joa}\ with Mr Orfeiir and Mr Rogers^ 
 the Faftory at Joar being entirely broke up. 
 At his going on Shore I fainted him with five 
 Guns, as did the reft, and the Fort with 
 fcven. 
 
 O N the 6th I met in Council (being the 
 firft time) with Mr Orfeur, Mr Rogers, and 
 Mr Hull, and then open'd my Inftruftions 
 deliver'd me by the Royal Company as Chief 
 Conductor of the intended Expedition, which 
 was read •, and afterwards open'd the Royal 
 Company's Inftru6lions to the Chief and 
 Council here on the fame Affair ; which 
 
 was
 
 kker GAMBIA. 14 1 
 
 Was read alio, and then adjourn*d to the 8th 1723. 
 Inftant. Meflleurs Orfciir and Rogers defining 
 to perufe the Journals, which by the Demilc 
 of Meflleurs Ghnn and tVilly were fallen 
 Into their Hands, and which they had never 
 yet feen. 
 
 N the 8th we met in Council again, and 
 finding it impoflible to carry on the faid Ex- 
 pedition, thro' Mortality, with the full Num- 
 ber of Hands prefcrib'd in the Royal Com- 
 pany's Initruiflions, 'twas refolv'd in the mean 
 time, having adjourn'd to the ift of December, 
 that the utmoft Endeavours fhould be us'd to 
 buy or hire Canoas, as alfo Provifiohs (tiie 
 Company having none' here) and then to meet 
 and let the Day and Number of Men that 
 iliould proceed on the faid Expedition up the 
 River. 
 
 On the nth, the James IJIand Sloop, Capt. 
 'Trevifa^ came down from Joar with 24 Slaves, 
 fent thither in a Canoa by Mr DrMnmond at 
 Cutte'jarr. 
 
 On the 15th the Hamilton fail'd for Cape 
 Coa(i with 30 Slaves, and the Gambia Sloop 
 to Jenock for Rice and Corn for the Advice^ 
 Capt. Rod-well, for whom 150 Slaves are ready 
 to be carried for Jamaica. 
 
 1 N the Evening the Diamo?id Man of War*si 
 Boat, Capt. ff^'y^dham, came up with Lieuf. 
 Percival in her, the Ship lying at anchor off 
 the Broken Iflands : The next Morning he 
 went down again. 
 
 On the 17th died my Firft Mare Mr John 
 Laughland. In the Evening came up the JVU- 
 lia?n Sloop, Capt. Elliot, from Barhadoes : He 
 informs us, that the Man of War and the 
 
 Hamilton 
 R
 
 2^1 V O Y A G E //;? the 
 
 '723. IlamiUon fail'd this Morning from the Broken 
 Iflands. 
 
 O N the 2,3d the James IJland Sloop went 
 up the River for Ciitlejarr. 
 
 On the 27th the JVilliam Sloop, Capt. £/- 
 liot^ fail'd. Moft of my Men were down with 
 Fevers. 
 
 On the 30th arrived a French Sloop from 
 Goree, which fame Sloop fail'd the 16th of 
 Oofober lalt from this Place for Goree with 46 
 Slaves and Goods. For thefc lafl 20 Days 
 we have had generally very flrong Eaflward- 
 ly Winds, and very cold, beyond Imagina- 
 tion, confidering the Climate. 
 
 On the ift of December we met in Coun- 
 cil, according to our lad Adjournment •, and 
 having not enough Canoas yet, tho* daily ex- 
 pecfted, we adjourn*d to the 7 th. 
 
 This Day came in the Ruby Brigantine, 
 Capt. Kidgel, an Interloper from London^ be- 
 longing to Mr Godding a French Merchant. 
 
 O N the 3d came up the Gambia Sloop from 
 Jenock^ with 190 Barrels of Rice and Corn on 
 Board. In the Evening the Slaves were fenc 
 on Board the Brigantine, and the next Morn- 
 ing the neceflary Corn i fo that now fhe lies 
 ready for failing. 
 
 O N the 5th, underflanding that MonCeur 
 D*harriei, the French Chief at Albreda, was 
 gone to Tancrowail^ which is contrary to the 
 Agreement between the two Companies of 
 England and France, which permits them to 
 go no higher in this River than Vintain Point, 
 without Leave firft obtain'd from the Englijh 
 Governor, in the Evening Meffieurs Rogers 
 and Hull were difpatch'd in the Gambia Sloop 
 to feize him and his Canoa, and to make di- 
 ligent
 
 River GAMBIA. 243 
 
 ligent Enquiry if he had made any Trade 1723. 
 there, particularly with Signior Antonio Vofs, 
 or any other Portugucfe \ if fo, to bring them 
 down alfo. This Step was taken on account 
 of the French Chief's declaring before the Go- 
 vernor, myfelf, and the reft of the Council, 
 that he would go up the River as high as he 
 pleas*d, and when he pleas'd, without asking 
 Leave. 
 
 On the 9th the Gambia Sloop return*d from 
 Tanc?'ozvall with Mr Rogers and Mr Hull, who 
 brought with them a large Canoa, which the 
 French Chief went up in, but he got away 
 himfelf to Vintain over Land. The Canoa 
 being forfeited by thefe Proceedings of the 
 French^ it was order'd for the Expedition ; and 
 indeed it came in good time, for hitherto we 
 had but four ; and now judging thefe fufficient, 
 I immediately order'd my Carpenter to fit 
 them. '' 
 
 O N the nth we met in Council, and fettled 
 the Number of Whites and Blacks that were to 
 go on the Expedition, viz. 19 White Men, 
 including our Linguifter, who is as Black as 
 Coal ; tho' here, thro' Cuftom, (being Chri- 
 ftians) they account themfelves White Men. 
 We agreed that the 2 6thlnftant fhould be the 
 utmoft Limits of our Stay ; but, if poiTible, 
 to fit the Canoas fooner, and be gone before, 
 
 M R Henry Rofe appointed Mafter of the 
 Boats from England^ making fome Objedions 
 to his going, was order'd to give in his Rea- 
 fons in V/riting on the Morrow : To which 
 Time v/e adjourn'd. 
 
 On the 1 2th we met in Council, and read 
 
 the Reafons deliver'd in by Mr Rofe againft 
 
 his going on the Expedition, which appear'd 
 
 R 2 to
 
 244 VOYAGE uf the 
 
 1723. to be very frivolous, and inconfiflent with his 
 Contra(ft, and chiefly intended to the doubling 
 of his Salary. Upon which I acquajnted the 
 reft of the Council that I would undertake the 
 Charge myfelf, or any other, without any 
 Confideration, rather than the Expedition 
 fhould be impeded either on that or any other 
 Account. 
 
 Came up the Ruhy^ Capt. Craigue, an In- 
 terloper, belonging to Mr JVragg in London, 
 who defigns for Slaves to Carolina. 
 
 I N the Evening the Gambia Sioop and the 
 Barrah Shallop went to Vintain to careen. 
 
 O N the 14th, in the Morning, came down 
 the Jajnes JJland Sloop from Cuitejarr, with 
 Mr Edivard Drummond, and 40 Slaves, and 
 9 C. Weight of Elephants Teeth. 
 
 On the 17th, the Ruhy\ Capt. Craigue-t 
 fail'd up the River for J oar. The Gambia. 
 Sloop came down from Vintain. 
 
 On the 21ft early, the y^^wV^ Brigantine, 
 Capt. Rodzveil, fail'd for Jamaica with 150 
 Slaves ; with her went the Gambia Sloop to 
 fee her fafe out of the River. 
 
 About Noon Walter Trathern^ Captain of 
 the Miners, was carried to Cillyfree to be bu- 
 ried ; the Fort fired fix Guns, and myfelf four 
 from the Difpatch Ship. He died over Night, 
 after about fix Days illnefs ; it was the more 
 furprizing to us, by reafon it did not appear 
 he was in any danger till a few Hours before 
 his Death. Ever fince his Arrival he has been 
 always melancholy and difcontented, often 
 wifhing the Expedition was over, that he might 
 return to England^ not liking this Country at 
 all. 
 
 Of*
 
 River GAMBIA. 245 
 
 On the 23d the Ga?fibia Sloop came up, 1723' 
 havirtg feen the Advice Brigantine liife out of 
 the River the Day before. 
 
 O N the 25th the French Sloop failM from 
 Albreda for Goree^ with lOO Slaves on Board, 
 and other Goods. At Noon we perceiv'd a 
 vaft Swarm of Locufts : They arofc in the 
 Weftward, and by Night came as far as Gill'j- 
 free. At Five in the Afternoon we launch'd 
 the largeft Canoa, which I call'd the Chandos. 
 At the fame time we drank his Grace's Health, 
 and the Fort fir'd 11 Guns. 
 
 A VOTAGE from James 
 Fort up the River Gambia, 
 by Command of the Royal 
 African Comp, of England. 
 
 The Diffofit'ions of the Exf edition tip this 
 Ri'ver from James Fort. 
 
 I. ^0 fet out from James Ifland the 26th of De- 
 cember at fartheji. 
 
 II. TChe Difpatch to proceed as high as Cutte- 
 jarr, or higher^ and to rewain there till my 
 Return under the Care of my Mate Mr Alex- 
 ander Smith. 
 
 III. ^he James Ifland Sloop to proceed as high 
 as Barracunda, and there to make Trade^ and 
 remain till m'j Return under the Care and 
 Direction of Capt. Trevifa. 
 
 IV. ^be jive Canoas to proceed to the firji Falls, 
 and there if it he found impra^icahle to gei 
 
 R 3 the
 
 a4<5 V O Y A G E »/ the 
 
 1723." the two great ones above it, to leave them un^ 
 der the Care of — — , and to proceed high- 
 er luiih the three fmalleft. 
 V. And with the three fmalleft it is our Inten- 
 tion (God willing) to ^proceed as far as there 
 is a Pojfibility, unlefi we make the Difcovery 
 fooner. 
 
 H E R E I think proper to infert the Names 
 and Number of the , White Men, i^c, thac 
 went on the Expedition, with the Names and 
 Number of the Canoas. And great pity it is 
 we were not a Month fooner, for I found it 
 the general Opinion of all I confulted with there 
 (that were Natives) that we were too late. And 
 altho' the Royal Company in their Inllruftions 
 recommended Privacy and Secrecy in the Af- 
 fair, yet on my Arrival I found it had long 
 before been publickly talk'd of, and in the 
 Mouths of all the Natives ; and where ever I 
 went I found myfelf generally known, and 
 pointed at as the Perlbn who was fent out to 
 bring down the Gold. 
 
 Names of the Length. Breadth. Depth. No. of 
 
 Canoas, 
 
 F. 
 
 In. 
 
 F. 
 
 In. 
 
 F. 
 
 In. 
 
 Men. 
 
 The Chandos 
 
 42 
 
 6 
 
 6 
 
 4 
 
 4 
 
 9 
 
 12 
 
 Royal Africa 
 
 37 
 
 10 
 
 5 
 
 4 
 
 3 
 
 7 
 
 12 
 
 Ga?nhia 
 
 34 
 
 
 
 4 
 
 4 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 10 
 
 Expedition 
 
 39 
 
 6 
 
 3- 
 
 II 
 
 3 
 
 2 
 
 9 
 
 Difcovery 
 
 33 
 
 
 
 5 
 
 3 
 
 3 
 
 3 
 
 10 
 
 Total 51 
 
 Sicknefs and Mortality obliged us to make 
 fome Alterations as to our White Men -, and 
 Mr TJarrifon., Writer, and John Hodges, Smith, 
 on their Petitions were permitted to proceed 
 with us. 
 
 The
 
 Rher GAME I A. 247 
 
 The White Men to proceed on the Ex- 1723. 
 p E D I T I o N up this River. 
 
 'Thofe agreed on in Council the i ith of Dccemb. 
 
 1 Bartholomezv Stihhs^ Condudlor. 
 
 2 Edward Dn:m?ncnd, lil Fador. 
 
 3 Richard Hull, id Fador and Metallifl, 
 
 4 Walter Trathern, Capt. of the Miners. 
 
 5 John Cumtnings, Surgeon. 
 
 6 Matthew Reynolds^ Carpenter. 
 
 7 WlUiam Gitthoufe^ Gunner. 
 
 8 Walter Reeves, Writer. 
 
 9 Anthony Penrofe, Smith. 
 
 10 John Nankiavel, Dep. Gapt. of the Miners. 
 
 1 1 Bara?n Fatty, Linguifter. 
 
 12 Jacob May, 
 
 13 Matthew Jacohy 
 J 4 Richard Collitigs, 
 If Zachary Langdon, 
 
 16 Thomas Stoneman, 
 
 17 Collen Moil, 
 
 18 Henry Row, 
 
 19 Henry Petty, 
 
 N'' of White Men 19 
 
 N° of Gromettas . 29 
 
 N° of Women SUives for Cooks 3 
 
 Total 51 
 and three Months Provifions. — — • 
 
 'Thofe that went on the Expedition, 
 
 1 Earth. Stihhs, Condudor, "1 To com- 
 
 2 Edw. Drumniond, i ft Fador. S> pofc the 
 
 3 Rich. Hull, 2d Fad. and Met. J Council. 
 
 4 'Tbotnas Harrifon^ Writer and Steward. 
 
 R 4 5 Walter 
 
 Miners.
 
 24S VOYAGE/// the 
 
 1723. 5 l^'alter Reeves^ Writer. 
 
 6 John Cummings^ Surgeon. 
 
 7 Matthew Reynolds^ Carpenter. 
 
 8 JVilliam Gitthoufe^ Gunner. 
 
 9 John Hodges-, Smith. 
 
 I o John Nankiavel, Dep. Capt. of the Miners. 
 
 I I Anthony Penroje^ Smith. 
 II Jacob May. 
 
 13 Henry Petty. 
 
 14 Ctdlen Moyle, 
 
 15 Henry Rowe. 
 19 Cape Coafters. 
 1 1 Gromettas. 
 
 4 Women for Cooks, iyc, 
 3 Boys. 
 
 I Linguifter. 
 
 53 Which go in five Canoas. 
 
 There go befide in the James IJIand Sloops 
 to remain at Barracunda to make Trade, 
 
 1 Capt. Trevifa. 
 
 5 Gromettas. 
 
 2 White Men Sailors. 
 
 I Balafeu, and his Wife and Servant. 
 
 65 Total to proceed to Barracunda. 
 
 The 26th of December being the Day ap- 
 pointed for proceeding up the River on the 
 Expedition, according to a Refolution of 
 Council of the nth Inftant, I this Morning 
 order'd my Ship Difpatch to unmoor, and an 
 Four P. M. weigh'd, and run a League above 
 the Fort, and then anchor'dj the Canoas not 
 being entirely ready. 
 
 The
 
 Rk^r GAMBIA. 24^ 
 
 The Swarm of Locufts we difcover'd »72J« 
 yellerday having devour*d all the Herbage 
 about Gillyfree^ arofe this Afternoon, and took 
 their Flight again, directing their Courfc to 
 the Eaftward, up the River. They fpread at 
 leaft four Miles, darkening the Air as they 
 fly, fo that neither the Sky nor the Woods arc 
 perceptible thro' them. 
 
 On the 27th, having feveral high Words 
 with the Governor about the dilatory fitting 
 the Canoas, i^c. I went on Board, weigh'd 
 my Anchor, and fell up a League higher, and 
 then anchor'd again. Here I cannot help 
 taking notice, as I have frequently told the 
 Gentlemen here, that it is my Opinion we are 
 too late in the Year, and fhall probably find 
 the want of Water above the Falls. 
 
 On the 28th, early in the Morning, the 
 Governor and Mr Rogei's came on Board, 
 bringing with them all the Canoas, and de- 
 figning to go as far as Tancrozvall with us. I 
 immediately hoifled the Flag at the Maintop- 
 maft-head and weigh'd, and by Ten turn'd it 
 beyond Scaca Point, the Wind at N. E. At 
 Four P. M. I weigh'd again, and at Midnight 
 anchor'd a League fliort of ^Tancrowall. 
 
 O N the 29th, at Ten in the Morning, I 
 anchov'd at Taficrowally and faluted Sig. ^n- 
 tonio Vofs with five Guns. Afterwards the 
 Governor, ^c. went afhore, and both dined 
 and fupp'd with him. He made us a Prefenc 
 of two fat Bullocks. 
 
 On the 31 ft, at Eleven in the Morning, 
 we left Tcincrowall at half Flood, and by Two 
 F. M. turn'd it as high asZ)rz/w-Hill, where 
 I anchor'd. The Governor, (^c. and Antonio 
 Vofs ftay'd on Board and din'd with me. We 
 
 drank
 
 :iSo V O Y AG E up the 
 
 1723. drank the Company's Health, Succefs to the 
 Expedition, ^c. with firing of Guns. In the 
 Evening the Governor, l^c. went away to 
 7'ancrowall in the "James IJland Sloop, from 
 whence the GamUa Sloop carries them to 
 James Fort. 
 
 A T ^ancrowall it was agreed between us, 
 that (the better to obferve the Company's 
 Orders and Inftrudlions) Capt. St'ihhs do keep 
 the Journal, and take the Bearings and Di- 
 ftances of the Points and Reaches of this Ri- 
 ver, l£c. that Mr Drwnmond keep the Ac- 
 counts, ^c. and that Mr Hull take every 
 Opportunity of going afliore, in order to 
 make Difcoveries of Ores, Minerals and ^Ve- 
 getables, l^c. and to colled and keep the 
 fame. 
 
 A T Seven at Night, the Tide ferving, I 
 weigh'd, as did all the Canoas, and at Three 
 in the Morning anchored three Leagues above 
 Tendehar. 
 
 On the ifl of Januar)^ at Eleven in the 
 Morning, we got under Sail, the Wind being 
 in our Teeth Eaftwardly ; and at Six in the 
 Evening we anchor'd in the Devil's Reach. 
 Here the River is about a Mile and half 
 broad, with prodigious high, tall, flrait Man- 
 groves on both Sides. Here we found the 
 Mufquetoes begin to be very troublefome in 
 the Night. 
 
 O N the 2d, by Sun-fet, we got up with 
 Elephants Ifland, (taking all Opportunities of 
 the Tide both by Day and Night.) We kept 
 in that Channel on the North-fide o<^ the I- 
 fland, altho' by much the leaft, it being in 
 fome Places not above ifo Yards over, but 
 Water enough, and free from Shoals. Mr 
 
 Drummond
 
 River GAMBIA. ajf 
 
 Drummond went before in one of the Canoas i7«4«' 
 to Damafenfa^ to get one or two fmall Canoas, 
 which I am to take there, in order to fend 
 into Creeks, where there is but iircle Water. 
 At Eight at Night I anchor'd at the othen 
 End of Elephants Idand, not quite thro'. 
 This Ifland, as well as all the River we pafs'd, 
 was very full of high Mangroves, and is a- 
 bout fix Miles long. Many Eires were in the 
 Country all Night, and the Flies very trou- 
 blefome. 
 
 O N the 3d, at Six in the Morning, we got 
 up our Anchor, and at Seven anchor'd again 
 againft Datnafenfa River. I immediately went 
 up in my Yawl, and met Mr Drumjnond at 
 Monf Le Mai^reh Houfe, who treated us 
 very civilly, and at Noon we return*d on 
 Board, bringing with us one fmall Canoa 
 only. This Perfon is a Frenchman^ and a 
 private Trader, and the only European that 
 lives here, nor are there tvyenty Houfes in the 
 Place. It is near five Miles up the River, 
 which at the Entrance may be fifty Yards o- 
 ver, but grows fo narrow at laft, by realon 
 of the Mangrove Trees, as not to leave room- 
 to row. It is full of Alligators, which the 
 Mundingoes call Bumbo. ■ I faw a great many 
 of them, and Variety of Birds, as Pelicans, 
 Flamingoes, Crabcatchers, Doves, ^r. I could 
 hot forbear taking notice of a fmall * Bird, no 
 
 bigger 
 
 * Thefe Birds are in Size and Feather like the Cock 
 Goldfinch, and build their Nefts at the very Extremities of _, 
 
 the Boughs of the Trees upon Twigs that hang over the 
 River, which are fo fmall as not to bear much more Weight 
 than the Neft itfclf. Nature having taught them th t this 
 is the means of preferving their Species from the Monkeys, 
 which climb all Trees that can bear them, and Vfho are a« 
 fond of Birds Nefls as Children.
 
 atji VOYAGE up tU 
 
 }7H' bigger than a Chaffinch, which build their 
 Neils on fmali Trees, which here and there 
 hang over the River, and at the very Extre- 
 mities of the Twigs, in great Numbers. Up 
 this River are no Mangroves for a League 
 from the Ga?nhia •, the Land on each Side is 
 a fine Marfli, free from Trees, and overgrown 
 with Reeds f and high Grafs. It is in thofc 
 Places theSea-Horfes (or more properly River- 
 Horfes) delight and come to feed. I faw their 
 Beds and Tradls in feveral Places, but as yet 
 have not feen the Creature, which when I 
 have Opportunity will particularly defcribe. 
 
 A T Three in the Afternoon we got under 
 Sail, and at Eight at Night anchor'd on the 
 Weft Side of the Sea- Horfe IQand. This Idand 
 is about a Mile and half long, very low, and 
 full of Mangroves, and navigable only of this 
 Side, where the River is near a Mile over. 
 This Evening we pafs'd by two confiderable 
 Rivers, viz. Sanjally on the Left, and India 
 on the Right. The Country on both Sides 
 low, with high Mangroves by the River Sides. 
 
 O N the 4th, at Eight in the Morning, we 
 anchor'd at Joar, where we found the Rub)\ 
 Capt. Craigue^ an Interloper, who faluted me 
 with five Guns, which I return'd. By this 
 Gentleman I wrote a Letter to the Royal 
 Company, directed to Mr L)W7, giving an 
 account of our being here on our Way on the 
 Expedition. 
 
 Here we began to fee fome high Hills 
 inland, of a reddifh Colour, and pretty thin 
 
 of 
 
 ■f- Tbefe Reeds ar£ of the fame Kind as thofe growing 
 on the Nile, of which the Egyptians us'd to make the Pa- 
 pyrus, us'd by them to write upon long before the Invention 
 of Paper and Parchment.
 
 River GAMBIA. a^j 
 
 of Trees ; alfo we faw a great many wild 1724. 
 Monkeys, and large Flocks of Crown-Birds, 
 which make a Noife as difagreeable as the 
 Braying of an Afs. At this Place the River 
 is not fo wide as at Grave/end, and the Man- 
 groves grow thin and fcrubby. 
 
 A T Three this Afternoon Mr Drummond 
 went before with two Canoas for Dubocunday 
 to purchafe Corn and Rice for the Gromettas 
 againft we came, that no Time might be loft, 
 I intending to follow with the Ship the next 
 Morning. This Evening the Jams JJia?id 
 Sloop came up and joyn'd us. 
 
 O N the 5th, in the Morning, we kft Joar^ 
 having taken in a Linguifter for Barracunda, 
 viz. fagrood Sanea •, we alfo hir'd a Balafea 
 (which is a Country Mufician) to chear up the 
 Men, and recreate them in an Evening. Ac 
 Eleven we anchor'd Ihort of f Tarine River 
 one Mile. Weighing again at Five in the 
 Afternoon, at Eleven at Night we anchor*d 
 between Deer Idands. The River here is noc 
 above t 200 Yards over. The North Chan- 
 nel on the other Side is wider, but not navi- 
 gable for Ships. From Joar hither the Coun- 
 try on each Side is fine low Marflies for four 
 or five Miles, free from Trees. 
 
 The Ridge of Hills that rifes about Joar 
 continues to tend to the Eaflward, at abouc 
 two or three Leagues diflance from the Ri- 
 ver ; they feem not to be fo high as High- 
 g^ate Hills, are very^ woody, and inclining 
 to a Red. 1 n 
 
 * This River, which he calls Tarine^ is now known by 
 the Name oi Europina ; there is alfo another River, not b/ 
 him mention'd, call'd N^'iny yarr, as appears by the Map. 
 
 f He means here but one Channel of" tlie River, it being 
 at this Place divided into many Channels by the lilands' 
 which he mentions.
 
 f i4 V O Y AG E ftp the 
 
 .1724. In thefe Marfhes multitudes of wild Ele- 
 phants are frequently feen, as well as wild Sea- 
 Horks •, tho' as yet I have not izcn one of 
 that Sort. 
 
 O N the (5th we weigh'd early in the Morn- 
 ing, and fent the Company's Linguifter, who 
 belongs to Cuttejarr^ beforehand to Cajfan to 
 Duy a Cow. At Noon we anchor'd off Tani" 
 marew^ and underftanding it to be the Anni- 
 verfary of his Grace the Duke of Chandos, 
 we this Afternoon drank his Grace's Health, 
 under a Difcharge of the Guns from my Ship 
 and the Sloop, a Ho Profperity to the Com- 
 pany, and Succefs to the Expedition. Then 
 I went afhore with Mr Hull, &c. and paid a 
 Vifit to the King of Cajfan., who lives here at 
 Tafiimarew, and receiv'd us very civilly. We 
 gave him a Bottle of Rum, with which he was 
 well pleas'd. We took our Leave of him, 
 and Mr Hull and the Dodlor em ploy 'd them- 
 felves in their Way, and I to my Gun for Di- 
 verfion. 1 prefently kill'd two Brace of Gwi- 
 ^ea Hens, and in the Evening we all return'd 
 on Board, and got under Sail, and anchor'd 
 again at Eleven at Night near a low llland 
 lying in the middle of the River, about one 
 Fourth of a Mile long, it being fo dark we 
 could not fee our Way. This Ifland is not 
 laid down in the Map which I had from the 
 Company, which makes me believe it is fince 
 made one by what is brought down by the 
 Frefhes ; it lies about a League below Bird 
 Ifland. 
 
 Tan'unarew is the Place defign'd to fix a 
 Factory at, in cafe the King of Bar/ally does 
 not make up the Palaver at Joar j 'tis a: fine 
 
 Country,
 
 Rmr G A M JB 1 A. :xs^ 
 
 Country, and the Natives are very defirous the »724' 
 Company fhould fettle among them. 
 
 A T this Port 1 obferv'd at our Landing 
 three Sticks erefled Gallows- ways, with a 
 Calabafli covered and feal'd up, hanging on 
 it by a String. On Enquiry I found it to be a 
 Do?nine, Feii/Jjy or Charm to bring all White 
 People afliore who come that Way ; which 
 plainly fhews their Affe<5lion for us. This 
 Country is fine Champaign Land, and far pre- 
 ferable to Joar. 
 
 O N the 7th, at Eight this Morning, we got 
 under Sail, pafTing on the South Side of Bird 
 Ifland, which is about two Miles long, with 
 high Trees, and appears to be a fine Ifland ; 
 'tis neareft the Northern Shore. Juft beyond 
 it is the Red Mount, bare of Trees, and halt 
 a League fliort of Cajfan. 
 
 This Hill is by the Natives call'd 7^r//«i^, 
 of which they tell a thoufand idle Stories i as, 
 that once it had abundance of Gold, but that 
 theDevil being angry, carried it all away in one 
 Night. It is a fmall round Hill about 20 
 Fathom high, and is very red and deep, fi- 
 fing diredlly from the River Side, towards 
 which it is perfecftly bare, producing nothing. 
 I find by one of the Journals, that this Hill 
 has been already examin'd. So we pafs*d by 
 it and Cajfan without Hopping (both Wind 
 and Tide ferving.) Beyond Cajfan I obferve 
 there are no Mangroves. After I left James 
 Ifland the Wind was almoft continually Eaft- 
 wardly, and when ever it began to veer from 
 that Quarter it foon after fell calm. 
 
 T H E Mufquetoes continued very trouble- 
 fome. The Land on each Side of the River 
 for half a Mile or more is generally fpeak- 
 
 ing
 
 S56 V O Y A G E f/f the 
 
 1724. ing a fine fat Marfli, with very high Grafs 
 and Reeds, in which are innumerable Tracks 
 of River-Horfes, i^c. This Creature is by 
 the Mundingoes call'd Malley ; that Day I 
 faw a great many, but all in the Water, in 
 which they fwim with only their Heads out, 
 fometimes blowing the Water up thro* their 
 Noftrils, not unlike a Whale, and often grunt- 
 ing and roaring hideoufly* Above the Marfhes 
 it is a Champaign Rifing Land, with pretty 
 large Trees, and moftly free from Underwood. 
 In the Evening I kill'd a very large Bird, which 
 cat extreamly well; it meafur'd upwards of fix 
 Feet from its Toes to the Extremity of the 
 Beak, and by the Mutjdin^oes is call'd Gahbon^ 
 but by the Portugtiefe^ Gojfreal. 
 
 O N the 8th, having a ftrong Eaftwardly 
 Wind, and Neap' Tides, we got little this 
 Day by turning ; but in the Night being calm, 
 we tow'd thro' the South Channel, leaving 
 Siippo Ifles on our Larboard Side. We an- 
 chored near the E. End of them. Thefc Iflands 
 have a Bar at each End, which choaks up 
 the River almoft, there not being above two 
 Fathom and two and a quarter Water at the 
 Ends in either Channel. 
 
 On the 9th, the Wind blowing ftrong and 
 Eaftwardly, we lay ftill, not being able to 
 pafs this Barr at the Eaft End Sappo lllands 
 till Midnight, and then tow'd thro' it, being 
 very narrow. [M B. Sappo Iflands divide 
 the River here i»to three or four Channels^ 
 which I take to be the reafon of the Shoalnefs of 
 the fVater^ We tow'd half a JVIile beyond 
 the Iflands, and then anchor'd, where for half 
 way over the River is Rocks, which we wait- 
 ed for Day-lighc to pals. In the Afternoon I 
 
 went
 
 Rher GAMBIA. isy 
 
 went afliore with feveral others without- Guns, 1724. 
 and kilTd feveral Guinea Hens, Flamingoes, 
 Grabcatchers, Kingfifliers and Doves. We 
 faw abundance of River-Horfes. In the 
 Night the Interloper's Longboat (which was 
 at J oar) pafs'd us, having been trading u- 
 fhore at Brucoe. 
 
 On the loth I weigh'd at Two in the 
 Afternoon with a flrong Gale at Eafl (right 
 in our Teeth) and turn'd it up as high as 
 Gerfni, anchoring at Six in the Evening. We 
 faw 40 or 50 Deer, feveral Grown-Sirds< 
 Ducks, Getk, i^c. 
 
 On the nth, at One in the Morning, be- 
 ing calm, we weighed, and tow'd with the 
 Boat, gaining more than in the Day. I fenc 
 the Linguifter before to buy a Cow at Lema'in^ 
 afterwards I fent fome of our People afliore 
 to kill fome Game. In two Hours they re- 
 turn'd with eight Guinea Hens and a Partridge, 
 which were then exceeding plentiful. We had 
 very hot Winds in the Day, which pofTibly may 
 be caus'd by the multitude of Fires all round 
 us, which makes the Country in the Night 
 appear all in a Flame. It being their Cuftom, 
 every Year after the Corn is in, to burn the 
 Stubble, which taking hold of the adjoyning 
 high Grafs (which now is dry) burns into the 
 Woods a great way on every fide, fcorching 
 the Leaves of all the Trees it meets, and 
 Ibmetimes burns the Trees themfelves. It is 
 this which gives us the Opportunity of killing 
 the Guinea Hens, ^c. and was it not for the 
 great Cover they have, 1 believe where we kill 
 one we might kill twenty, they abound in fuch 
 multitudes: 
 
 At
 
 238 V.O Y A G E n{ the 
 
 1724. At Two in the Afternoon (Tide fcrving) 
 I weigli'd, and took in a Cow under Sail, as 
 I palVd Lemain ; it coil an Iron Barr. At Six 
 in the Evening, being calm, we tow'd thro' 
 Pboley's Pafs, anchoring at Seven about half 
 a Mile above Brucoe. 
 
 A T the Pholey^s Pafs there is a Ledge of 
 Rocks, which extends from the North Side 
 the River quite over to within 20 or 30 Yards 
 of the other Side, leaving juft room for a Ship 
 to pafs, yet not fo but the Ship bruflies the 
 Trees. 
 
 On the 12th, early in the Morning, I 
 weigh'd, and in four Hours anchor'd at Du- 
 hocunda^ to take in Rice and Corn -, which 
 having effeded by Four in the Afternoon, I, 
 got up my Anchor, and tow'd about two 
 Leagues, anchoring again fhortof Pr^^, once 
 a Town, but now broke. 
 
 On the 13th we got but little, the Winds 
 blowing pretty llrong right down, and the 
 Flood-Tides running very flack. We lay 
 part of the Day at the Foot of a fmallHill, 
 call'd the Devil's Mount. The River now 
 grows fo narrow, that it is with difHculty we 
 turn with the Ship againfl the Wind, often 
 running our Stern into the Buflies, the Banks 
 of the River being generally ftecp too. 
 
 O N the 14th, in the F.vening, I anchored 
 at Cnl/ijarr, and faluted the Facflory with 
 live Guns, which is fituated clofe to the River 
 on the North Side. I order'd my Ship to be 
 moor'd in the middle of the River overagainft 
 the Factory, The Banks arc fleep too, and 
 three or four Fathom deep all over •, it rifes 
 four Feet at Spring-Tides, and flows, as at 
 James Ifland, K'orih and South. 
 
 I OB-
 
 River GAMBIA. 45P 
 
 I o B s E R v'd at the Fa(5lory, that this laft 1724. 
 Seafon the Freflies rais'd or fwell'd the River 
 14 Foot above the Level of high Water Mark 
 now ; by which it is evident a great deal of 
 the Country muil be ovcrflow'd, altho' now 
 very firm and good walking. Here in my 
 Walks into the Woods, 1 found a great deal 
 of that yellow Dying- Wood call*d Bawte)\ 
 as indeed there is almofl: every where ; but as 
 yet I have not been fo fuccefsful as to find 
 any other Wood or Simple worth mentioning 
 (if this be). Indeed I never faw a Country yet 
 more deftitute of large and good Trees, hav- 
 ing not met with any yet, out of which a 
 Plank might be made 12 Feet long and 12 
 Inches broad. * All large Trees hitherto are 
 foft and worthlefs, fuch as Cabaihiers, Cotton- 
 Trees, ^c. fit only for Shade, and the Ne- 
 groes to palaver under and drink Palm-Wine. 
 O N the 15th the King of Catteba (\n whofe 
 Dominions Cuttejarr lies) vifited the Faftor 
 on purpofe to fee the Ship, on Board which 
 he afterwards went. I faluted him with five 
 Guns, and afterwards made him a handfome 
 
 Pre fen c 
 
 * Mr Stihbs certainly had not been much on Shore, or 
 elfe he could not have fet down this Miftake, for there arc 
 Woods of large Trees in many Places on the River Gam- 
 bia, between Jarnes Fort and Cuttejarr, particularly over- 
 againft Brucoe. And there is hardly a Mundingoe Town • 
 without fome very large Trees, which the Superltition of 
 the People preferves, for they admire and dance umierthem, 
 and pay Reverence to them. They are generally Bifheloes, 
 which is a very hard Wood, and good I'lmcer. Some of 
 them are i 2 or \\ Feet round, and I remember three at 
 "Joar that are at leaft 12 Feet eich in Circumference, and 
 near 30 Foot in the Clear before they come to the Boughs, 
 and under thofe Trees t'le Chief Men us'd to fit and lec 
 the People exercife and dance. 
 
 S 2
 
 .6o VOYAGE//^ the 
 
 1724. Prefent of Coral, Amber, Brandy, i^c. it 
 being the firft time of his coming fince the 
 Fadlory was fettled. He came on Horfeback 
 with two Drums before him, and about 20 
 Attendants, arnfd with Guns, Swords, Bows, 
 Arrows and Javelins. He left mofl of his 
 Attendants at Si^.m-j, and made an Excufe for 
 not bringing them here, bccaufe he thought 
 they would be troublefome ; which we were 
 really glad of. He was an old Man, tall, 
 thin, and very black, and left us very well 
 fatisfied. * 
 
 O N the 20th wc made an End of cleaning 
 
 our Corn and Rice, and at Night left Cutte- 
 
 jari\ with the James IJIancl Sloop and five 
 
 Canoas, having firfl: fent the following Letter 
 
 to James Fort, viz. 
 
 ro MejJ. ORFEUR and ROGERS. 
 
 Gentlemen, Cuttejarr, Jan. 20, 1737. 
 
 07V Tuefday /^y?, at Night, hei)ig the i^th 
 InJhiP.t, ive arrived at the Company's Fac- 
 tory here, all in good Health, excepting Captain 
 Trc villi, ii'ho had a Jhort Relapfe of his late In» 
 difpofition, and two of our Miners, hut are now 
 on the mending hand. We reach" d Joar the \th 
 Lift ant ^ where 'we met with the Ruby, Captain 
 Craigue, who had then purchased hut eleven 
 Slaves. The Captain had Jent his Long-Boat 
 higher up zvith vWrBaldWyn to make 'Trade. He 
 went up as high as Brucoe, and hougbt fix Mun- 
 
 dingoe 
 
 * I believe this w.is one of the Kings of Tany, whom 
 they call Catteba; for at prefent there h no Kingof C«^|l 
 teba, and Cuttejarr lies in Lower Tanji, (
 
 River GAMBIA. i^i 
 
 dingoe Slaves, at the \ extravagant Pj^ice of 1724. 
 30 Barrs per Head. He fafs^d us on his Return 
 about Twelve at Night on the 8lh Injlant, ivhen 
 we lay at anchor between the Sappo Ifles, and 
 was fo civil as Jiot to call on Board us. 
 
 IVe anchored on the 6th at the Port of Yani- 
 marew, and went on Shore there ; it is a rifing 
 Ground clofe to the River ^ and is much prefer- 
 able to Joar, as to its Situation and Healthful- 
 ^^fit for a Companfs Hoiife to he fettled there. 
 
 At Dubocunda we met with an unluck^j Dif- 
 appointnient, which not onl-j retarded our Progrefs 
 on the Expedition for fix or feven Days, but has 
 put us to the ill Convenience of loading our Ca- 
 mas with Corn inftead of Rice, which does not 
 pleafe our People fo well, (ind takes up above one 
 third more room in the Stowage, which we can 
 hut very ill fpare. The Slattce D'foote has 
 (as we hear) a fecond time broke Barracunda, 
 and hasfubdu'd all Woolly, he is now returned 
 to his Country for frefJj Supplies to 7nake new Con- 
 quejls in thefe Parts. We are informW of SI at tee 
 Sane Conta Madebaugh being now on the Road 
 with a Coffe of 500 Slaves. He has not been 
 here fince the Companf s I a fl fettling in this Ri- 
 ver ', and Uisfaid, that he undertakes this Jour- 
 ney to make Tryal of what Encouragement he 
 may expccl to trade here for the future. There 
 is another Coffle or two on the Road ; which ws 
 7fiention, that you may ti?nely fupply this Factory 
 with zvhat Goods may be zvanted, and that your 
 Injtrucfions as to the Price of Slaves may he 
 fuitable to the danger of their falling into the 
 
 French 
 
 \ The Price of Slaves augments daily, and what was 
 then caird an extravagant Price is now very low, for they 
 are now generally fold for 50 or 60 Barrs pei- Head. 
 
 S 3
 
 ^62 V O y A G E 7// the 
 
 i'ji\. French or Interlopers Hands, We cannot for - 
 hear acquainting you^ that the want of due Sup- 
 plies of Goods to this Fa^ory has been no fmall 
 Hindrance to the Tirade thereof \ hut as that was 
 not your Faulty we don't quejlion hut it will he 
 letter minded for the future. Mr Franks will 
 give you an account of what Trade he has 7nade, 
 ttnd what Goods are wanted for the carrying it 
 on here. 
 
 'The Company's Ship Difpatch will be left here 
 with Captain Stibbs'j Injiru^ions for his Mate 
 to a^ by during his Abfence. 
 
 This Factory is pUafantly fituated on a rifing 
 Ground, has a fine Projpeof., a good Air., and 
 deferves a much better Character than it has met 
 with on the Fort., and is a much better Place of 
 the two. tVe do not fear convincing the incredu- 
 lous Part of the JVorld., that the farther up this 
 Country., provided it is high Land., it is fill the 
 •more wholefome and inoderate. 
 
 We have no more to add., but that., thd* zve 
 are fo late in the Fear., we hope to make fuch 
 Difcoveries as will be very acceptable to the Com- 
 pany ; that wejhail depart hence this Tide i and 
 to affure you that we are., 
 
 Gentlemen, 
 
 Tour mofl hutnhle Servants^ 
 
 BARTH. STIBBS, 
 E. DRUMMOND, 
 RICH. HULL. 
 
 T H E Difpatch Ship was left at Cuttejarr, 
 with fundry Stores, (^c. for the Settling of a 
 new Fa<5lory at Barracunda., or above it, it" 
 upon Examination we Ihould find it would 
 
 anfwer*
 
 Rher G A' M B I A. 163 
 
 anfwcr: And on the 21ft, at Four in the 1724- 
 Morning, we came to anchor about two Leag. 
 beyond Cultejarr, about a Mile beyond ^rje- 
 Hill, which in the Journal is call'd the Mai- 
 den's Breaji. I went up it with Mr //////, and 
 found it, as the Journal fays, compos'd of an 
 Iron Stone (as all the High Lands we have 
 feen are) but we have little reafon to believe 
 that it contains cither Gold or Silver ; and 
 Time being precious now, we intend to vific 
 it on our Return. This Hill takes its Name 
 from the obfcene Superftition of. the Natives, 
 v/ho never pals it without fhowing their bare 
 Breeches to it, with dancing, fingin^ and 
 clapping of Hands, believing that it they 
 fhould omit it, they fhould furely die before 
 they return. Accordingly ours did the fame, 
 which made us laugh heartily •, and feeing we 
 White Men omitted it, they perform'd it for 
 us. 
 
 A T Eleven in the Morning, the Tide ferv- 
 ing, we got up our Anchor, and pafs'd by 
 Sajny River, which at prefent limits the Por- 
 tuguefe Trade, they not daring to go higher 
 at this Time by reafon of Palavers with the 
 Natives. This is a confiderable River on the 
 North Side, running up as far as a Town 
 call'd Medina. The Company had formerly 
 a Factory here, and the Floufc is ft ill land- 
 ing. We bought a Cow here, and proceeded 
 on our Voyage at Eleven at Night. 
 
 O N the 22d, at Five in the Morning, we 
 anchor'd half a League lliort of Crovj^ and 
 juft above a Ridge of Land of the uiual red- 
 difh Colour, getting under Sail again at Two 
 P. M. and not getting above ten Miles, an- 
 chor'd 
 S 4
 
 ^^^ VOYAGE iif the 
 
 1734. chor'd at Seven this Evening, the Tides run- 
 ning very v/eak. 
 
 The Country continues for the moft part 
 plain, with here and there a Ridge of Hills, 
 which may be 20 Fathom high, and fome- 
 times more, a rich Soil in the Low Land, 
 and the Inhabitants now are moftly PholeySy 
 a cleanly, decent, induftrious People, very 
 affable, and far furpafTing the Mufidin^oes. 
 
 N the 23d, at Two in the Morning, we 
 wcigh'd, towing the Sloop with two Canoas, 
 gaining more in the Night than in the Day, 
 the Wind being right againft us. At this 
 Time the Tides were fo flack, that we gain'd 
 little by turning •, even the Ebbs are fo weak, 
 that with the Icafl: Breath of a fair Wind we 
 can go ahead. This makes me dubious there 
 have been no great Rains up in the Country 
 this lafl: Seafon, for the Current of the River 
 at the beft now runs no fafter than a River 
 in E'/jgland in the Hcighth of bummer •, and 
 indeed, were it not for the Sloop (provided 
 there be Water enough) we fliould foon be 
 at the Falls. 
 
 At Eight this Morning weanchor'd atTiz;;;- 
 \h%7nacunda. below which lie Rocks from the 
 South- Side one third over the River, having 
 not above four Foot Water over them. This 
 Port is on the South Side of the River ; but 
 the Town, by reafon of Wars, is remov'd to 
 the other Side. 
 
 1 T having been a Cuftom to pay a Duty 
 for all Veffels that pafs above this Port to the 
 King of Tomam^ who lives at Sutimore^ to 
 which Place this is the Port, and about a 
 League dillant from it, it detain'd us here 
 all Day to adjuft that Affair, we rcfolving to 
 
 pay
 
 River GAMBIA. a^i 
 
 pay none, thinking it below the Dignity of 1724- 
 the Royal Company to be put on the lame 
 Footing with private Traders (fuch as Portu- 
 guefe and Interlopers.) We therefore came 
 to this Agreement with them, that for the 
 future they never expecft or demand any Cu- 
 flom from the Royal Company. In Confi- 
 deration of this Conceflion we made the King 
 a Prefent to the Value of near 10 Barrs ; not 
 out of any Obligation, he being utterly un- 
 able to oblige it, but to keep up a good 
 Name, which we find very Serviceable, and 
 for the Honour of the Royal Company, whofe 
 Fame we find proceeds much fiifter up into 
 the Country than we can with our Canoas. 
 
 O N the 24th, at Three in the Morning, 
 we left 2^cjjnya7?iacunda, and at Night came to 
 Canuby. This Port is on the South Side ; but 
 the Town, for the fame Reafons as Tafnyama^ 
 cunda^ is tranfported overagainft it on the 
 other Side the River. We faw abundance of 
 large Monkeys, which bark juft like Dogs. 
 We kiird two Wild Geefe and a Duck. The 
 Geefe have Spurs as long as our Cocks, grow- 
 ing out of the middle Joynt of the Wings, 
 with which they'll beat a Dog : They are 
 larger than our Wild Gq^^q^ and feather'd 
 black and white, The Duck was of a pecu- 
 liar Kind, and near as big as the Geefe, and 
 feather'd like them, with fmall black Legs, Feet 
 and Bill, and upon its Beak was a black Ex- 
 crefcence of Flefii an Inch and half high. They 
 are fine Fowl, and eat delicioudy. 
 
 I N the Evening we left Canul^y^ and having 
 tow'd the Sloop three Leagues, about Eleven 
 at Night came to an Anchor.
 
 !^66 VOYAGE up the 
 
 1724^ O N the 25th we got under Sail early, and 
 about Eleven o' Clock anchor'd a little above 
 Bajpj Port, which is alfo on the South Side the 
 River. In the Evening we weigh'd again, 
 and got up as high as Nackway^ which Port 
 lies on the North Side of the River ; the Town 
 is half a Mile from it, inhabited chiefly by 
 Mahometans ; half a Mile from the Port on 
 the fame Side the River is a Hill about 30 
 Fathom high, with a red Snagg hanging over 
 the River. 
 
 O N the 26th the Wind blow'd ftrong Eaft- 
 erly, fo that we proceeded up but flowly. 
 At Night we got fix Leagues above Nackway, 
 to a Place call'd Cajjancunda^ having in our 
 Way {(tzw many Deers, Monkeys, Crown- 
 Birds, Ducks, Geefe, Guinea Hens, Partridg- 
 es, i£c. 
 
 On the 28th, at Noon, we anchor'd at 
 Fatatenda. This Port, like many others, has 
 not a Houfe near it, ferving only for a Land- 
 ing-Place to fome Town. * This is the Port 
 to Suteco, about three Leagues from it i but 
 the Town the King of Woolly lives in, is 30 
 Miles from it, call'd Cujfana. 
 
 A s foon as we came to anchor, I caus'd 
 the Sloop to fire five Guns as a Signal to 
 Slattee Mamadu, who promis'd to meet us 
 here, and bring us a Man to pilot us as high 
 as the Palls. 13ut left he fhould not hear the 
 Guns, we alfo fent our Linguifter to Suteco 
 to acquaint him that we were arriv*d at Fata- 
 tenda. In the Evening Slattee Mamadu came 
 
 on 
 
 * Since the writing this Journal, 'viz. in the Year 1732, 
 the Company have fettled a Faftory, and had a Houfe built 
 upon the Rock above the Port, by reafon of the Convenience 
 of its Situation ior Trade.
 
 Rker GAME I A. i6y^ 
 
 on Board, but without the Pilot, who was 1724 
 fick. Here we learn'd that Barracunda hath 
 been lately broke or deftroy'd ; however we 
 refolv'd to leave the Sloop there to trade. In 
 all our Enquiries it is evident, that there is 
 no Body here knows any thing ot the River 
 above Barracunda. Some think it to be the 
 End of the World, others that it is a large 
 Wildernefs full of Wild Beads; others tell 
 you that there is a Wild Savage People, and 
 advis'd us to ftay with them, and not to go 
 higher up. In fliort, no one can give any 
 juft Account of either Town or Port above 
 it ; II and altho* Slattee Mamadu knows, and 
 has moll of his Relations living there, yet he 
 knows not how far it is from Barracunda by 
 Water, All confirm that there is nothing to 
 be bought above it, fo we refolv'd to take 
 in fome Rice at Pry-, where it is faid to be 
 cheap and plentiful. I fhall now defcribe the ' 
 Pan de Sangue^ or Bloodwood, fo callM from 
 a Red Gum which ifTues from it ; it grows 
 plentifully all up the River, but here at Fa- 
 tatenda it is larger than ordinary, and by the 
 Mundingoes call'd CanOy of which they make 
 the BalafeUy a Mufical Inftrument. It is a 
 very hard Wood, of a beautiful Grain, and 
 polilhes finely, very proper for Efcrutores, or 
 inlaying, and they lay that the Buggahuggs 
 
 never 
 
 II The Natives are defirous of trading with White Peo- 
 ple, and of buying all their Commoditiesj that they might 
 fell them up into the Country ; therefore it being for the 
 Advantage of the Black People about Fatatejida to prevent 
 the White Men going farther up the River, they gave out 
 fuch Reports as they thought would difcourage them. And 
 this is very frequent amongft them ; for all the Accounts that 
 I could hear from difmterelled Natives agree v/ith what Lea 
 the Afrka,n fays relating to the Countries up the River.
 
 a6S VOYAGE^/ the 
 
 }7H- never touch it. This Tree does not grow to 
 any great Height or Size, fo that it is not 
 eafy to find one that will produce a Plank 
 upwards of 14 or 16 Inches broad j when firft 
 cut it has an agreeable Smell •, it grows gene- 
 rally in a dry Rocky Soil, and againft and on 
 the Tops of Hills. * 
 
 O N the 29th, about One in the Morning, 
 we left Fatatenda,, and in about five Hours 
 anchored at Pr}-^, with an Intention to buy 
 Corn and Rice •, it being agr.eed on all Hands 
 that there is no fort of Eatables to be pur- 
 chas*d above Barracunda : But there is hardly 
 any Credit to be given to what thefe People 
 relate ; for almoft every Port up the River, 
 they to whom it belongs had much rather we 
 fhould ftay and trade amongft them, than go 
 farther up j and in order to induce us to it, 
 they give a difmal Account of the Country 
 above, and of the Barbarity of the People 
 there. 
 
 This Port lies about three Leagues above 
 Fatatenda, on the South Side the River, in 
 Cantore^ having no Town nor Houfe within 
 two or three Miles of it. Here is a fine Ri- 
 vulet, whofe Sands we fearch'd, fending our 
 fmall Canoa in for that purpofe, which by 
 reafon of funken Trees, is^c. could not go far. 
 In it we caught fome fmall Fifh like Smelts, 
 and one large Prawn ; but the funken Trees 
 render'd our Nets ufclefs almoft, as they have 
 hitherto theBanksof the RiverG^^/^Z'i^jin which 
 the Fifh appear to be very numerous. 
 
 On 
 
 * It Is tills Tree which produces the Gum-Dragon ; of 
 which there is more faid in the former Journal, and which 
 is capable of being made a very advantageous Branch of 
 Trade.
 
 Rher GAMBIA. ti6g 
 
 On the 31ft, finding (contrary to Expe6ta- 1724- 
 tion) but little Rice or Corn here, having in 
 all this time purchas'd no more than four 
 Barrels, we left the Port, and came to an- 
 chor about eight Miles above it. 
 
 O N the I ft of February, at Two in the Februaryi 
 Morning, we proceeded, towing the Sloop, 
 and in five Hours anchor'd at Samatenda^ 
 which is on the South Side. Here I found 
 the River to be 134 Yards over, and the 
 Banks about 20 Feet high. I now find the 
 jRiver begin to have funken Trees almoft all 
 over it. Here the Land is low on the South 
 Side, but on the North Side a rifing Ground, 
 which a League beyond the Port forms a high 
 Hill, running near two Miles clofe to the 
 River. In the Afternoon we weigh'd from 
 Satnatenda, which is only a Port, where is a 
 fmall Canoa to ferry over the Rirver, with 
 neither Town nor Houfe near it. At Eight 
 at Night we came to an Anchor eight Miles 
 beyond it, being entertained with the hideous 
 Noifes of Elephants, River-Horfes and AUe- 
 gators, all Night. 
 
 O N the 2d, at Three in the Morning, we 
 jogg*d on till Seven, and then anchor'd a lit- 
 tle above Coz(/7^r Port, which is likewife defti- 
 tute of Houfes or Town near the River. Here 
 1 firft obferv'd, that for want of a Canoa they 
 ferry over the River on a Bark Logg, or Float 
 made of Bamboos (Canes); on one oi thefe I 
 faw four Men crofs the River at once. 
 
 About four Miles before you come to 
 this Port is a Sand, which extends from the 
 South Side almoft acrofs the River, on which 
 is not above four or five Feet Water. 
 
 Ik
 
 j^7G V O Y A G E 7^/ the 
 
 J724. In the Afcernoon we proceeded higher ; the 
 Flood makes up bun very little, altho' by the 
 Shore it flows near two Feet. Soon after we 
 pafs'd by another Port on the South Side call*d 
 Tabutenda^ about a League from Cuffane^oxx.^ 
 between which two Places it is in a manner 
 ' one continu'd high Hill, rifing diredlly from 
 the River. On the North Side it is a large 
 Savannah^ in which is a great Lake. 
 
 Having gain'd about eight Miles, I an- 
 chor'd at Eight at Night in eleven Feet of 
 Water, having jufl: got over a Shoal, whicti 
 ftretches from the North Side three quarters 
 over, on which was from four to feven Feet 
 "Water. The refb of the River was an Over- 
 fall of Rocks (on the South Side) between 
 which in fome Places were ten Feet "Water, 
 but on them not above three or four Feet. 
 
 On the 3d, at Three in the Morning, we 
 went on our Voyage, and at Eight came to 
 an Anchor in two Fathom and a half Water, 
 about a League fhort of Barracunda Port. 
 About Four in the Afternoon we weigh'd a- 
 gain, and in an Plour's time anchor'd at Bar- 
 racunda Port, which is on the North Side. 
 Here I meafur'd the River, and found it 130 
 Yards over,Depth of Water between two and 
 three Fathom, and the Banks above 25 Feet 
 high. 
 
 H A D it not been for our Pilot, *tis certain 
 we Ihould never have guefs'd this Place to 
 liave been the Port of Barracunda^ or that it 
 ever had been a Port or Place of Tr.ade ; fo 
 wild is it grown fince the Deftru(ftion of the 
 Town, that at prefent there is not lb much 
 as a Ferry, which is common to all other 
 Ports that we have met with. J went afl^orc 
 
 to
 
 Rher GAMBIA. 271 
 
 to fee if there were any Veftigia or Remains i7H' 
 of this once famous Trading Town, and to 
 view the Country. Immediately on my Land- 
 ing 1 found the frefhFootfteps and Excrements 
 of Elephants (which made me guefs they were 
 not far off.) Afcending the Banks the Pilot 
 fhew'd me where the Town flood, which at 
 prefent hath hardly any thing like the Ruins 
 of Houfes. On the Tops of the Banks were 
 vifible feveral Places where Viduals had been 
 drefs'd, and round about it the Remainder of 
 their Dainties, viz. the Skulls and Bones of 
 River-Horfes, Allegators and Fifli; the two 
 former of which, as well as Elephants, I ob- 
 ferve the Natives are paflionate Admirers of. 
 I having my Gun, as ufual, advanced a little 
 way in amongft the high Grafs, which was 
 12 or 14 Feet high, but as dry as Hay, and 
 burns (if fet on fire) with great vehemence. 
 Finding a Tree I mounted it to take a Pro- 
 fpedl of the adjacent Country, when I pre- 
 fently difcover'd a wild Elephant not above 
 400 Yards from me, flowly walking into the 
 Country. It was a very fpacious Plain, with 
 very few Trees, for above four Miles from 
 the River, there being nothing like a Hill all 
 round to be feen. In fhort, it is the largefl 
 Tract of plain Land that I have yet fcen, 
 tho' it is to be obferv'd it rifes gently inland. 
 As it was our Defign to leave the Jamei 
 Ifland Sloop there to trade under Capt. Ti'evi- 
 /a's Care, we alfo judg'd it necelTary to ftay 
 till the Alcade came down to fettle the Pala- 
 ver, that there might be no Difference or Dif- 
 pute when we were gone. On our anchor- 
 ing I caus'd feveral Guns to be fir'd, to give 
 notice to the Country of our Arrival. In the 
 
 Night-
 
 ^71 VOYAGE/// the 
 
 1724- Night-time we could hardly fleep for the hor- 
 rible Noiles of the River-Horfes, AUegators, 
 Wolves, and other wild Beads. 
 
 O N the 4th, in the Morning, we fent our 
 Linguifter with a Grometta to find out the 
 Alcade, whom as yet we had not feen. In 
 the Afternoon he came back, and the Alcade 
 with him, who had not heard our Guns. He 
 told us there were feveral Merchants with 
 Slaves, Gold and Teeth, at Jah^ the Town 
 from whence he came, and where he lives, 
 which is about nine Miles off, and where the 
 People of Barracunda live fmce their Town 
 was broke. 
 
 At Noon our Linguifler and hired Servants 
 came in a Body to inform us that they would 
 go no farther, becaufe no Body ever was 
 higher up the River, and that Barracunda was 
 look'd upon as the End of the World. The 
 moll fenfible of them faid, that if there were 
 a Country beyond, that it was a very barba- 
 rous one •, and bcfides that, they underliood 
 that we intended to go afterwards over Land 
 in quell of Gold Mines, and that we would 
 oblige them to go along with us. After a- 
 bundance of ridiculous Stories, which equally 
 fliew'd their Ignorance and Fear both of the 
 People and Country beyond this Place, we 
 prevaird with them to go as far by Water as 
 we did, and no farther: So the Palaver con- 
 cluded with a never-failing reconciling Bottle 
 of Brandy. 
 
 O N the 5th, in the Afternoon, the Mer- 
 chants came down, and after a long Difpute 
 we found ourfclves under a Neccffity of con- 
 traifling with them for ten Slaves, at 23 Barrs 
 ter Head, or elfe they would not fell us their 
 
 Gold
 
 Rher GAMBIA. 
 
 273 
 
 Gold and Teeth, which *twas our Defign only 1724. 
 to buy, till our Return, by realbn we had not 
 Conveniences for Slaves till then. But what 
 was a further Inducement, on our buyino- 
 thefe Slaves, one of the Merchants, named 
 Gaye^ had promis'd to go up the River with 
 us as far as Tinda^ (where he lives) by which 
 means we lliould have the Opportunity of know- 
 ing the Country on both Sides the River, which 
 otherwife is impoflible, there being no fuch 
 thing as a Pilot to be got. Jn the Afternoon 
 in Council we drew up a Letter, and fent it 
 to James Fort by a Land-Meflenger by way 
 of Cuttejarr. 
 
 O N the 6th, underftanding there was a 
 Town oppofite to us on the Cantore Side, not 
 above four Miles diftance, we the Day before 
 fent to compliment the Alcade of it with a 
 Bottle of Rum, in return of which he fent us 
 a Cow, for which we afterwards prefented 
 him with a Barr of Iron. Of the ten Slaves 
 we the Day before contracted for, we were able 
 to purchafe but three, chiefly owing to the 
 Badnefs of our Goods : And by our not pur- 
 chafing them ten Shves, we loft the Opportu- 
 nity of having Gaye tl"ie Merchant with us; 
 at which I was very much cojncernM, as hav- 
 ing no Body that ever was abov£ that Place. 
 
 Our Huntfman, whilfl: we lay here, fhot 
 'a Fallow Deer, by the Mitndingocs call'd Ton- 
 cong \ it had nothing in its Form and Make 
 uncommon with our Engli/h ones, but its 
 Horns and Size were very extraordinary, be- 
 ing as big as a fmall Horfe, and weigh'd (1 
 believe) 300 Pounds. On its Neck it had a 
 black Lift: or Mane four or five Inches long, 
 v/liich ft;ood ere6led. On opening its Head, 
 T I
 
 ^74 V O Y A G E «f the 
 
 \7H' I found the Brains full of large Maggots two 
 Inches long, and as thick as my little Finger, 
 altho* it had not been dead above half an Hour, 
 ib confequently were there whilft living. The 
 Flefhof it was very fweet and good. 
 
 Our Affairs being ended, we left Barra-f 
 cunda on the 6th at Night with the five Ca- 
 noas, leaving the James IJland Sloop there 
 with Capt. Trevifa to trade. In three Hours 
 time we anchor'd about two Leagues above 
 it, and the next Morning we weigh'd again, 
 and in half an Hour's time ran aground in 
 the middle of the River. I found near fcvcn 
 Foot Water on the South Side, where I pafs'd, 
 and a League farther we came to an Overfall, 
 extending quite over the River, which took 
 me up the greateft part of this Day to get the 
 Canoas over. This Overfall is not above three 
 Leagues above Barracunda (being the firft I 
 have met) and is compos'd of Rocks in the 
 following manner. 
 
 From the North Side of the River runs 
 a folid Bed of Rocks one third over, having 
 .1 pretty fmooth and equal Superficies, and at 
 this time near lo Feet above the Water of 
 the River ; its Extremity at this time being 
 perpendicular by reafon of the Lownefs of 
 the Water, is become the North Bank, or 
 Bounds of the River. It was clcfe to this 
 Side that I found a Pafiage, and a very ftraic 
 one, for our Canoas rubbed the Rocks on both 
 Sides. From the South Side, for above one 
 third acrofs the River, was another plain and 
 equal Bed of Rocks, but with this Difference, 
 that this was under Water about ten Inches, 
 over which at Low Water the Current ran 
 with great Force. Between thefe two Beds 
 
 Qf
 
 Rher GAMBIA. 275 
 
 of Rocks, the reft of the River was choak'd up 1 724. 
 with large ftngle Rocks, interfpers'd in iuch a 
 manner, with not above a Foot of Water upon 
 them (altho' between them was 10, 11, and 
 12 Foot Water) as render'd a Pa filige betwixt 
 them impofTibJe. It was High Water before 
 I could get thro'-, and altho* it flow'd here 
 not above eight Inches, it gave me great Fa- 
 cility in finding the Pafiagc -, for at High 
 Water it check'd the Force of the Current, 
 fo as to render the Water ftagnant, altho' it 
 was the Neap-Tides : So that with great Eafe 
 we walk'd upon it, and alfo from the adjacent 
 Rocks on the North Sde (the Water being 
 very clear) we could very plainly lee where 
 the Paffage lay.-f This at low Water was im- 
 poflible, the Current ran fo violently with 
 fuch Whirlings and Eddies over and amongft 
 the Rocks. At this Overfall I raeafur'd the 
 River, and found it 160 Yards over betwixt 
 its proper Banks ; but at prefent the Water 
 runs in the Compafs of 100, and in all proba- 
 bility three Months hence will not take up 
 above 50. Below this Overfall I found three 
 and four Fathom Water, and juft above one 
 Fathom and half, and between in Breadth it was 
 about lo Yards over. I proceeded up the River 
 at Five in the Evening, and found about half a 
 Mile above the Overtall a large Rock cover'd 
 withOyfters, very fat, but infipid. At Eight 
 at Night we came to a Ford ; it was a Quick- 
 fand, about two Leagues above the Overfall^ 
 not above four Foot deep in the deepeft Part. 
 At Nine I anchor'd in eight Foot Water, and 
 T 2 lay 
 
 f It Is very repaarkable, that the Tide flows fo far up 
 the River Gambia; there being no other River, that I ever 
 jtieard of, where the Tide flows up ic far from the Sea.
 
 ,76 V O Y AG E itf the 
 
 1724. lay there all Night 5 the River-Horfes very 
 numerous, fo that it is difficult fleeping for 
 their hideous Noifes ; befides, they now grew 
 fo bold, that we fometimes fir'd a Mul'quet 
 at them to make them keep farther off, left 
 we fhould receive damage in our Canoaa 
 from them ; for they are fometimes fo 
 large, that in paffing under the Canoas there - 
 may not be room enough, on which they im- 
 mediately ftrikc their Teeth thro' the Bottom, 
 and endanger the prefent finking. 
 
 O N the 8th, at Six in the Morning, we 
 went on, the River growing fo fhoal now, 
 that there's no pafilng far by Night. Soon 
 after we met with another Flat or Ford. It 
 was Sand, and on the deepeft Part had but 
 three Foot and half. By Nine, not being 
 come above a League, I came to a Flat, 
 which I found barr'd the River from Side to 
 Side. It was a Sand wirh many dry Patches 
 appearing here and there all over the River. 
 After fome time trying ineffedlually to pafs it, 
 I brought the Canoas to a proper Place, and 
 then afcended the Banks, which here were 
 near 40 Foot high. Upon viewing it, I found 
 the Fiat to run up the River for above half a 
 Mile, being Overfalls of Sand-Banks, fo in- 
 tended to fearch diligently for aPalTage betwixt 
 them. This Flat is near fix Leagues above 
 Barracunda^ 1 found the River here by mea- 
 fure 170 Yards over, which great Breadth is 
 the Occafion of the Shallows. I now found 
 the Mufquetoes not only very croublefome by 
 Night, but a large Fly, call'd an Elephant 
 Fly, or JoUoJff F^ly, worfe by Day. 
 
 On the 9th I try'd again, caufing my Peo- 
 ple with Poles in their Hands to walk ali over 
 
 the
 
 Rtver G A M Ji I A. 277 
 
 the River, not omitting any one Ciiannel be- 1724- 
 tween the dry Sand- Banks, but higher up we 
 found lefs Water, viz. 26 Inches. Upon 
 which we refolv'd to proceed up higher with 
 the three fmallell Canoas, and leave the two 
 greateft there, with proper Orders. 
 
 On the loth I endeavour'd again, with 
 the Gambia Canoa^ to find a Paflage amongft 
 the Sands, but to no efFedt, altho' the Canoa 
 drew but 16 Inches Water: For the Sand be- 
 ing quick, runs from under our Feet, fo as 
 to render it impoflible to hawl with the one 
 tenth of our Strength* I afterwards, with 
 Mr Hull., Sec. went afhore with defign to try 
 the Hill call'd in tjie Journal Matlock Tar, 
 which is at the upper end of this whole Reach, 
 about a Mile and half off; but before we 
 had got halfway, we were drove back in great 
 diforder by a wild Elephant, in the Evening 
 one of the Natives came to us with fome Fowls, 
 who told us, that after we pafs'd this Place, 
 we could not proceed much farther •, however 
 we refolv'd to try, not much minding their 
 idle Reports. 
 
 On the nth we unloaded the Dijcovery 
 Canoa, caufing every individual thing to b^ 
 taken out of her (it being our leaft Canoa) 
 fhe then drew but 12 Inches, with which to 
 Morrow early we defign to hawl over the 
 Flats, to make fome farther Difcovery, whilfl; 
 the other Canoas flay here to wait for the 
 Spring-Tides ; and then, if it be pofiible, to 
 follow. 
 
 On the 12th, I being out of Order and 
 Feverifh, Mr Drmnmond and Mr Hull fet out 
 in the Canoa, and by the Afllftance of all our 
 
 Gro- 
 
 T3
 
 ^y^ V O'V A G E ftp the 
 
 1724. Gromettas they got her ovef tRe Flats, an^ 
 then fent me the following Letter, viz. 
 
 To Cap. BART. STIBBS. 
 
 Dear Sir, Feb. 12, 1724. 
 
 THIS acquaints you^ that we are got pa fi- 
 the Fiats. The Carpenter is in purfuit of 
 a wounded Elephant^ which pafs'd the River jufi 
 above us^ when we were firfl aground. I defire 
 you to order my Boy to feud me a Pair of Trow- 
 fersy that I may have a Change when I get ouP 
 to help the Canoa along, I am 
 
 Yours, i^c: 
 
 RICH. HULL, 
 
 The fame Evening I receiv'd the follow- 
 rng Letter alfo from them, vi'z. 
 
 Dear Sir, On MatlockTar^Fth. 12, 1724. 
 
 WE can't forbear advifing you of our good 
 Profpefl of fucceeding. We have not met 
 with lefs than fix Feet Water fine e we pafs'd the 
 Flats. We fl^all proceed in the Evening. In the 
 mean tifne we wijh you better Healthy and that 
 you may be able to follow us. The next Reach 
 promifes well^ and we have had from fix to 
 eighteen Foot Water, and we guefs the River is 
 fixty or feventy Tards over. We remain 
 
 Yours, iSc. 
 
 E. DRUMMOND, 
 RICH. HULL. 
 
 On
 
 Rinjer GAMBIA. i^^ 
 
 On the 13th, at Noon, I receiv*d a Letter 1724. 
 from Capt. Trcvifa at Barracunda^ dated this 
 Morning (we being hardly fix Leagues above 
 it) giving me an Account that no manner of 
 Trade hardly had offered fince we left him, 
 nor any Proviflon, lb that he fhould be necef- 
 fitated to fall down the River to fome other 
 Place to procure it both for himfelf and 
 Slaves. 
 
 In the Afternoon I received another Letter 
 from Mr 'Drumniond and Mr Hidl^ who were 
 about two Leagues and half higher up, mz. 
 
 Dear Sir, Feb. 13, Eleven o'Clock,i734. 
 
 WE left Matloc Tar about Four yejlerday 
 afternoon^ and about a League up met 
 'with another Flat of Sands, and an Overfall of 
 Rocks, After fome Trial to get over (the_ Ni^ht 
 cotning on) we were oblig'd to put back a little 
 for deeper tVater^ and to wait for the next Day 
 to make a farther Attempt, which was fofuccefs- 
 ful that we row'd thro* without touching either 
 Sands or Rocks, in four and fix Feet Water in 
 . the middle of the River ^ - and met with deep 
 Water to this Place, where are fome Sand-Banks^ 
 one our Rudder jujl fix'd on, but going towards 
 the middle we met with three Feet Water. The 
 Natives here tell us, that there are Rocks in th€ 
 next Reach that will hinder our Paffage up 
 higher ; but we can''t always credit thefe People : 
 We are refolv^d to proceed in three or four Hours, 
 We defign to get to York River before we fhall 
 think of returning, whereby we may judge of the 
 ■ Pofjibtlity of doing any thing this Seafon. We 
 have found the South Shore fieep too for the great - 
 eft Part. We fJjould have enla-rged, but the Ele- 
 phants are fo nu?nercus, and make fuch a hideous 
 T 4 Noife.
 
 ^So V OY AG E «p the 
 
 1724. AVW ^^^'^ w<? ^"0 not think it [afe^ for fear of 
 their doing fome 7nifchief either to tis, our fmall 
 Stock of Stores^ or to our Canoa. BefideSy our 
 Stock of Pozuder and Shot will not allow us to 
 be but on the dejenfroe Part o?jly : So fay no more^ 
 than that we are tinder a green Shade by the 
 River-fide drinking your Health, and good Sue- 
 eefs to the Expedition^ about two Leagues beyond 
 Matlock Tar. IVe are 
 
 Your moft humble Servants, 
 
 E. DRUMMOND, 
 RICH. HULL. 
 
 O N the 14th Ireceiv'd Letters from Ctitte- 
 
 jarr, dated the iith Inftant, which advife 
 
 ' nie, that no News was arriv'd from James 
 
 Fort fince we left that Place, and that my 
 
 Ship's Crew was very fickly. 
 
 The Moon changing yefterday, I found 
 the Tide to rife here fix Inches, flowing Eaft 
 and Weft, but the Flood never ran up, it 
 only became flack Water: By this lifting of 
 the Water I am in hopes to get raofl: of the; 
 Canoas over. At this Flat we have taken up 
 fome of the Sands in various Places, in order 
 lor Trial at Leifure. 
 
 On the 15th, in the Morning, Mr Drum- 
 viond and Mr Hull return'd, having been a- 
 bout fix Leagues up, and report they found 
 ihe River, generally fpeaking, deeper and bet- 
 ter : On which Encouragement, it being the 
 highcfl Tides, I relolv'd to unload the Royal 
 Jfrica ; and endeavour, if pofllble, to get her 
 over, and then proceed with that and two more. 
 
 O N the 1 6th, finding it impoflible to pafs 
 the i- Uii with the Royal Africa^ 1 reladed her, 
 
 and
 
 Rmr GAMBIA, aSi 
 
 and got the Gambia ready to proceed on the »724.« 
 Morrow with the Difcovery, defigning to go 
 myfelf, being bravely recover'd. Our Gro- 
 mettas and Linguifter abfolutely refufing to 
 go any higher, we refolv'd, as foon as we 
 were gone, that Mr Druftimond go diredly to 
 Barracunda with the three Canoas, and there 
 difeharge them. 
 
 •v.O N the 17th, in the Morning, I took the 
 Opportunity: of High Water to fend the Ca- 
 noas over the Flats. At Ten Mr Hull and 
 myfelf went with two. White Men, and fee 
 out in the two Canoas Gambia and Difcovery, 
 mann*d with ten Cape Coafi Slaves belonging 
 to the Company, and one Woman and two 
 Boys, intending to proceed as high as poffible, 
 leaving Mr Drummoud to return to Barracunda 
 with the other three Canoas. At Noon we 
 put afhore on the South Side to drefs our 
 Viftuals, and to avoid the fcorching Heats 
 of the Sun, having pafs'd not above a League 
 from where we fet out, by reafon of our 
 having pafs'd another Flat of Sand and Rocks 
 in the next Reach beyond Matlock Tar^ on 
 which was not two Feet Water. At this O- 
 verfall was a Bark Logg or Sellilefs to pais 
 over to a Town on the Cantore Side, about 
 three Miles off, call'd Curhambey : It is behind 
 the Hill which the Journal calls Matlock Tar, 
 for what reafon I know not, for on Examina- 
 tion it gives no more Encouragement than 
 others we have tried before. We left this 
 Place at Four, and at Nine at Night anchor'd 
 in five Feet Water in the middle of the River, 
 having come ten Miles, and pafTmg almoft 
 in every Reach fome Flat or Ford from two 
 to three and four Feet, by which means the 
 
 River
 
 ^8a V O Y AG E tif the 
 
 17H' River is now in a manner fordable all the Way 
 up. Here it may not be improper to hint at 
 the Reafons our Mundingo Gromettas broach'd 
 and gave out for going nO farther, viz. That 
 the Natives were combining to cut us ofK 
 This fome, that had been fent a little Way 
 into the Country to buy lis Fowls and Eggs, 
 faid they overheard as they flept in their 
 Houfes : But I rather believe it of their own 
 forging, from their Fear and UnWillihgnefs 
 to proceed any farther ; for we fouhdj tvhere- 
 ever we put afliore^ foine or other cbrtiing to 
 us with a Fowl or two, ^c. and by their 
 Behaviour fecm to be an inoffenfive People i 
 but, however, I always kept myfelf on my 
 Guard for fear of the worft. 
 
 On the i8th, at Six in the Morning, "We 
 went on our Way, and foon after pafs'd a 
 fteep Hill on the South Side clofe to the Ri- 
 ver. Mr Hull and I went upon it, and had 
 a fine Survey of the Country, and could per- 
 ceive the Deer feeding all round, and the 
 River-Horfes fporting on the Banks and in 
 the Water in great Numbers. About a Mile 
 beyond this Hill is a Port on the fame Side, 
 caird Simmetenda^ with a Bark Logg to pafs 
 over to Tefidecunda, which is the Town to this 
 Port, and is diftant about two or three Miles 
 from it on the Canton Side, Juft beyond 
 this Port I found the River to run in the nar- 
 roweft Compafs I have yet met with, viz. 42 
 Yards, but it was feven Foot deep all over, 
 altho* it meafurM 1^3 Yards from Bank to 
 Bank, but on the North Side at prefent it was 
 all a dry Sand-Bank. At Eleven we faw five 
 large Elephants ford over the River not above 
 half a Mjle from us. in pafling this Ford I 
 
 found
 
 Rmr GAMBIA. z^% 
 
 found in the fhoaleft Place but 1 6 Inches Wa- ^724. . 
 ter ; as foon as we were over we put afliore 
 to refrefh ourfelves and drefs our Victuals, 
 having come two Leagues. Afterwards we 
 faw two Negroes ford it over, who broughc 
 us Fowls. At Five in the Evening we pafs*d 
 on, and a League farther we came to a Hill 
 on the South Side, fteep to the River, which 
 here takes a fudden lliort Turn to the Eaft- 
 w^rd. This Hill I believe was 80 Fathom 
 high. I obferved, that in this River is 
 plenty of a kind of Turtle, which in Ame- 
 rica is call'd * Heccatey. They are very good 
 Food, and peculiar to frelh-water Rivers and 
 Lakes. At Nine at Night I anchor'd in 14 
 Feet Water, having come fince Dinner eighc 
 Miles. 
 
 O N the 19th, at Six in the Morning, we 
 went on thro' a long, but very fhoaly Reach, 
 on theNorth Side is a highHill. I now obferv'd, 
 that the Willow-Tree (the fame which grows 
 by Rivers in England) is become very plen- 
 tiful all along the Banks of the Gambia ; 
 alfo abundance of Tobacco, but this is plant- 
 ed by the Natives, not growing wild, as Ver- 
 muyden in his Journal alferts. 
 
 Amongst thofe Willows, and upon the 
 Water, we found a great many large Ducks; 
 and altho* they fly very well, yet will they 
 not take the Wing till you fire at them, and 
 fometimes not then, for if they are in the 
 Water they moftly chufe to dive. Thele 
 Ducks are both good Food and good Diver- 
 fion ; for fometimes 40 or 50 of them will 
 
 run 
 
 * Turtles call'd Heccafej, which generally engender 
 m frefh-water Lakes ; which makes it probable, <hat thei* 
 Wftre fome Lakes not far from th«nce.
 
 284 VOYAGE If the 
 
 1724. run along the Sides of the Banks one afcef 
 another for an Hour together among the 
 Willow-Trees, and fo fail as to put us hear- 
 tily to it to row up with them. They are 
 of a peculiar Kind, and take more delight 
 in running along the Banks, than in flying 
 or diving. 
 
 A T Noon I ftopt at a narrow Pafs, which 
 I meafur'd, and found the Water to run in 
 the Breadth of f 8 Yards, and fix Feet deep. 
 This is an Oyerfall, but happen'd to have 
 this clear Channel about the middle, in which 
 at prefent the Water ran ; for on the North 
 Side it is a Ledge of Rocks near half way 
 over, which are now eight or nine Foot a- 
 bove Water, and the South Side is a large 
 dry Sand. We faw vaft Companies of very 
 large Baboons. In the Afternoon we pafs'd 
 on about a League, and meeting frelh Shoals 
 were oblig'd to put back a little for deep, 
 Water to anchor in, and wait for Day-light 
 to find a PafTage. I chofe always to anchor 
 in deep Water, and the middle of the River, 
 if poffible, for fear of Accidents. 
 
 O N the 20th, by Nine in the Morning, 
 with great Labour and Difficulty I got both 
 Canoas over thefe Flats and Quickfands, 
 having not more than 12 and 14 Inches 
 Water. About an Hour afterwards I put 
 afhore to refrefli ourfelves, right againfl a 
 high Hill, deep to the River on the South 
 Side, having come not above a League from 
 the Shoals. The Natives ftill follow'd us 
 v^ith Edibles -, but as yet neither Tooth nor 
 Slave has been offer'd to us: They ford the 
 River after us, be on which Side we will. 
 At Four in the Afternoon we went on about
 
 Rker GAMBIA. jigj^ 
 
 a League, and then found more Flats and 1724, 
 Sands, which 1 try'd in vain to pafs till 'cwas 
 dark ; ib went back to deeper Water, and 
 lay all Night. At thcfe Flats is a high Hill 
 on the North Side clofe to the River, and on 
 the other Side a large Savannah. 
 
 On the 2 1 ft I began early in the Morning 
 to fearch for a Channel all over thofe FIats» 
 and at the fame time fent John Hodges with a 
 Cape-Coafter up the River by Land, ;gjving 
 him Orders to go at leaft four Leagues up by 
 the Banks of the River in fearch of Tork 
 River, which the Journalift of y^mio 1661 
 mentions to be but 17 Leagues above Bay- 
 racunda, altho' I reckon'd myfelf near 2a 
 jLeagues above it already. F endeavour'd till 
 Noon with all my People to find a Channel, 
 but in vain ; and Experience proves it impra- 
 fticable to hawl over it, being a Quickfand, 
 which prefently finks from under our Feet 
 with a great Su6tion, which renders it 
 very difficult to hawl ourfelves out. The 
 Natives continu'd ftill to vifit us ; and 
 all afTure us -vye ^re too late, tho* we get 
 over here, to get to Tinda^ inviting us to fettle 
 amongft them, and then they would kill Ele- 
 phants (which 3.re here very numerous) and 
 bring us Trade ; for at prefent I obferv'd they 
 had none. They all in general allure us, 
 there is no pafllng much farther till next 
 Rains •, and then if we came again, they 
 would go with us to Tinda, which by Land 
 ^s but a fmall Day's Journey from, hence. 
 " I WAS in hopes of John Hodges^s finding 
 Tork River, from fome imperfcd: Notions I had 
 from the Natives of a River they call Cahong-y 
 but on his Return in the Evening, he having 
 
 been
 
 iS6 VOYAGE up the 
 
 X724. been between four and five Leagues up, -he 
 acquainted me that no R ivers run into this from 
 either Side but what are dry i of which kind 
 I had myfelf lately met with feveral. I made 
 another Attempt in the Evening to find a 
 Channel, but to no effeft ; which makes me 
 now give credit to what the Natives faid, 
 which is confirm'd by Hodges, who had forded 
 the River that Day a great many times. Be- 
 fides, I find myfelf the Flats grow more nu- 
 merous, and have lefs Water daily, the River 
 being fordable now at every half Mile. Here 
 by Meafure the River was 160 Yards over, 
 which occafions its Shallownefs •, the Water 
 expanding and running over the greatell Part 
 of it, excepting here and there a Patch. I 
 obfervM the Water here to rife two Inches by 
 the Shore, but the Stream always runs down. 
 
 The Country on Ca'ntoreSidz is populous, 
 with fmall Towns here and there, but none 
 within a League of the River \ but on the 
 other Side are no Towns or Inhabitants, till 
 you come to Twda. 
 
 O N the 2 2d we tried again very carefully, 
 and after all our Endeavours could find but 
 10 Inches Water in the deeped Part. Finding 
 the Impofilbility of proceeding higher this 
 Seafon, Mr Hull and 1 with Reluctance rc;- 
 folv'd to return, il So at Noon we fet out, 
 ;and by Night were got 1,0 Miles down, and 
 
 then 
 
 II Mr Stihbs at this Fall gave pver his Difcovery, and 
 yeturn'd for James Fort. There were feveral Reafons to 
 ciifcourage him ; for bcfides the Heat and exceffive Labour 
 of rowing up againft the Stream, there were the Reports 
 of the Natives, that the River was too ftiallow to go up to 
 Tin^a that Year : And this was confirm'd by the 1 rials he 
 mad^ at this Fall.
 
 Rher GAM B I A. %^y. 
 
 then anchor'd, being under a Ncceffity of ly- 1724. 
 ing flill all Night to pafs fome Flats, which 
 cannot be done but in the Day time. 
 
 Those Flats and Shoals which flopp*d us 
 lie S9 Miles above Barracunda^ at the upper 
 End of a Reach which lies E. N. E. and 
 where the River turns fhort at once to South. 
 On the North Side is a high Hill clofe to the 
 River, and on the South is a large Savannah. 
 Here we tried the Hill and Watergullies, and 
 took up of the Sands with great Exa(5lnefs» 
 in order for Trial j as indeed we did at all 
 Places. 
 
 Thereabouts are great Stocks of diverfe 
 Sorts of Game, particularly Rock Partridges : 
 J call them fo, as being mollly amongfl; Rocks 
 jind Precipices. They are of a dark-fpeckled 
 Colour, having a round Snuff-colour'd Spot 
 on the Breaft about as big as a Half Crown, 
 the Legs and Beak are red, as alfo a Circle 
 about the Eyes, juft as fome Pigeons have ; 
 they are not altogether fo big as Partridges, 
 but in Shape exad:ly like them and run as fait, 
 only phen this ere<Sls the Tail, and appears 
 like a large Chicken. They are exceeding 
 fine Meat, but difficult to kill. 
 
 I OBSERVE too, that the higher up the 
 River, the niore numerous and bold are the 
 River-Horfes, particularly in fuch Reaches 
 where are Ihoal Patches of Sand, and deep 
 Water between them, into which they plunge 
 and hide, after you difturb them napping on 
 the Sands. I have often fhot them fo a^ to 
 ftain the Water with their Blood, yet they 
 always got away, rifing afterwards at fome 
 diftance, blowing up the Water, grating their 
 Teeth, and roaring at us with great Anger, 
 
 and
 
 .SS V O Y A G E «/ the 
 
 17*4.' and a hideous Noife. I hope ftill to have an 
 Opportunity of furveying a dead one, that 
 I might be able to give a juft and exad De- 
 fcription of them. TomeC?, Defcriptioa of 
 them is the bed extant, for Lemery is much 
 out when he affirms them to eat Men, Women, 
 ^c. they living only on Grafs, which is vifi- 
 ble by the Excrements. I have k^n one of 
 thefe Creatures (as I take it) preferv'd in the 
 Dutch Repofitory at the Qape of Good Hope ; 
 but I was not fo curious then as to make any 
 Remarks. 
 
 I CANNOT forbear taking notice here, that 
 in the Journal Jmio 1661, the Author takes 
 notice but of two Hills between Barracunda 
 and 7'ork River, and them both on the South 
 Side, when I have found fix, viz. two on the 
 North Side, and four on the South. Nor 
 can 1 fee any reafon for his only mentioning 
 -two, and omitting the reft. 
 
 On the 23d, at Eight in the Morning, I 
 got over the Flats, and at Five in the After- 
 noon pafs'd by Sifnmelenda, anchoring at 
 Eight ai Night, right againft a fmall reddi/h 
 Mount on the North Side, which we intend 
 to examine to-morrow. We have this Day 
 come fix Leagues.. 
 
 O N the 24th, in the Morning, we pafs'd 
 on, having firft examin'd the Mount, and 
 brought away a Specimen for Trial. This 
 Mount lies eight Leagues above Bi^rracunda. 
 By Noon we got to Matlock Tar^ and pafs'd 
 rhe Flats with no fmall Labour and Pains, 
 anchoring at Nine at^ight juft above the 
 great Overfall, which lies near three Leagucii 
 above Barracunda, being oblig'd to wait for 
 Day -light and high Water to pafs it, it roar- 
 ing
 
 RrJO' GAMBIA. ^S^ 
 
 Jhg almoft like London-Bridge at Low Water. 172^, 
 We came that Day fix Leagues. I kill'd a 
 Guana five Foot long. 
 
 O N the 25th, at Day-break, we pafs'd the 
 Overfall, and at Nine got to Barracunday 
 where I found Mr Drimmond, with the James 
 IJland Sloop, and the reft of the Canoas, all 
 well. Here we found Letters from Mr Plim- 
 kett the new Governor, who arriv'd at James 
 IJland the ift Inftant, and brought feveral 
 Alterations in the EftabliOiment ; Mr Drum- 
 viond being made Second Chief Merchant* 
 Mr Rogers Third, and Mr Hull of the Coun- 
 cil, (^c. Captain T'revifa had bought but 
 live Slaves, and a little Teeth and Gold, 
 while we were away from him. Mr Plunketi 
 writing very prelTingly for the Ship DiJ'palch, 
 it was refolv'd in Council to proceed this E~ 
 vening directly to James Fort. I fliall here 
 infert his Letter, and Mr Drummond's An- 
 fwer, viz» 
 
 To Cap. Barth* Stibbs, Mef- 
 Jletirs E D w . D r u m m o n d 
 and Rich. Hull. 
 
 Gentlemen, James Fort, Feb. 10, 1724, 
 
 IPerufed yours of the 20th ult. from Cutte- 
 jarr to Mejfieurs Orfeur and Rogers, and 
 am glad to hear 'jou are all in a good State of 
 Healthy and proceeding on your intended Expedit 
 iion^ ichicb I pray God continue, and grant yoic 
 Succefs in the fame. 
 
 This accompanies what Letters I brought from 
 England for the Gentlemen on the Expedition, 
 which we have ordered Mr Franks Lq forward 
 to you with all hajte. 
 
 U Upon
 
 25>o VOYAGE nf the 
 
 17:4. Upcn iny Departure from England I eKpel^ed^ 
 in cafe you proceeded before in-j Jrrhal^^o have 
 found the Ship Difpatch at Jam€S Fsrt ; hut 
 found to the contrary^ that Jhe had Orders to lie 
 at Cutrejarr till you return from the Expeditio>i: 
 tVhat Prudence ivas acfed in that Management^ 
 I leave to 'your Confideration •, and nzhether it 
 was not more proper for her to he left here^ in 
 order to purchafe a Cargo for her Return to Eng- 
 land, or 'trading for any Ships that may come 
 ccnfign'd to us, than lie there as an additional 
 Charge for the Expediiionj 'Loithout any ProfpeSl 
 of Advantage. U e therefore in Council have 
 thought ft to order you Capt. Bartholomew Stibbs, 
 Mejfeurs Edward Drummond and Richard 
 Hull, to fend Orders to the prefent Mafier of 
 the [aid Ship, to hring to us at James Fort the 
 faid Ship Difpatch, imth ijuhat Trade may he 
 made hy the Sloop, as alfo what may he at our 
 FalUry at Cuttejarr, that we may keep her em- 
 ployed till your Return in trading for the Corn- 
 fly's Interefl. And in cafe you do not think pro- 
 per to fen I her to us, for fome Reafons which are 
 not olviAis to us at prefent ; then, upon receipt 
 hereof y you are to call a Council, and fend us 
 your Reafons in writing fign^d hy you for the 
 fame. 
 
 Althd* Mr Drummond is appointed Second 
 Chief Merchant at James Fort, yet heing now 
 upon the Expedition, and helieving his Prefence 
 to he very necejfary there, we are willing to dif- 
 penfe with his coming to us till the Expedition is 
 over, and to undergo the Fatigue here till his Ar^ 
 rival, that there may he no manner of Excufe for 
 7iot proceeding on the intended Expedition, without 
 himfelf chufes to come and take his Place here.
 
 River GAMBIA. ipi 
 
 We Jloall endeavour to procure large ^antitics »724, 
 of Salt^ but Jh all be very much Jlraitned to get 
 CoHveniencies to carry tt up the River. 
 
 The Company in their Letter intipiate nothing , 
 
 particular concerning the Expedition, only that 
 they leave it to the Difcretion of the Council to 
 make what Alterations they fhall judge proper. 
 
 If the Sloop has any Number of Slaves, we 
 deftre they may forthwith be Jent down, being daily 
 in Expectation of a Ship's Arrival, which by 
 Contrail is to fail this A^onth for CaroYinti. We 
 wifh you Health and Succefs; and remain. 
 
 Gentlemen, 
 
 Tour Friends and humble Servants, 
 
 Rob. PLUNKETTi 
 
 Anth. Rogers. 
 
 The following is Mr Drummond*s Anfwer 
 to the foregoing Letter, viz. 
 
 Tb Robert Plunkett, Efq; and 
 Mr A N T H. Rogers. 
 
 Gentlemen, Barracunda, Feb, 24, 1724. 
 
 YOURS under the loth Infant I received ^ 
 with the other Letters fro7n England, di- 
 rented to the Council up the River Gambia, which 
 Pacquet I broke open. I congratulate you on your 
 fafe Arrival at Gambia, and wifh you Health 
 and Succefs in your new Government. As for your 
 e^pe^ing the Company's Ship Difpatcii to be at 
 James Fort upon your Arrival-, I can fay nothing 
 to that, as Captain Scibbs gave his Mate his 
 Orders where the Ship fjould remain till his Re- 
 turn ', if Captain Stibbs was here, IJJjould give 
 U 2 my
 
 i^x VOYAGE/// the 
 
 1724 f«v Opinion for her to go doiun to James Fort^ to 
 follviv "^our farther Ojders: Their being cihfent 
 hinders my coming doivn. If fid it proper- fo fay 
 herCy for fear of any Palaver happening to the 
 Gentlemen that are gone up •, and they not having 
 the Language, nor v.sd to the Manners of this 
 Country, they might come to fome Trouble \ for 
 they are very villai?wus People in thefe- Parts i 
 we cannot he too much upon our Guard.' As foon 
 as Captain Scibbs returns, tvhich I believe will 
 he in a few Days, I will make the hefl of my 
 way down in one of the Canoas. Capt/iin Tre- 
 vifa hath to this Date purchafed hi; t four Slaves \ 
 bis Goods are very had, and ill for ted for Trade ; 
 which could not be helped, there being no proper 
 Cargoes for thefe Parts at the Fort when we came 
 up. J cannot forward the Letters to Captain 
 Stibbs, not knowing where they are ; 7ior will 
 any of the Mundingoes go above this Place, for 
 they look upon Barracunda as the IForhVs End. 
 IFiJhing yon Health and Succefs^ I remain., 
 
 Gentlemen, 
 
 21)ur mnfl humble Servant^ 
 
 EDW. DRUMMOND. 
 
 On the 26th, at Day-light, we weighed, 
 and pafsVi on. Soon after the Sloop ran a- 
 ground in the middle of the River. After 
 diligent fearching from one Side to the other, 
 we found there was not Water enough for the 
 Sloop to pafs till High Water, altho' fhe 
 drew but four Feet and a half: So I lierhtned 
 her by the Canoas, and at Three P. M. got 
 her over, anchoring at Ten at Night about a 
 League below Cuffone, 
 
 This 

 
 Rker GAMBIA* 2^3 
 
 This Flat is near a League above 2''ahit- 1724. 
 tefida, and confiits of a Sand from the NortU 
 ^ide three quarters over the River, on which 
 there were not above four Foot Water. Froni 
 thence to the other Side the River lie large 
 Rocks, rcatt.'r'd up and down promifcuoufly, 
 fo as not to permit a V^effcl to pafs betwixt, 
 altho' there is eight and nine Feet Water, but 
 upon them at low Water were not above two 
 and three. As we pafs'd this Place witiiout 
 knowing it, going up, it is a Demonftration 
 that the Water is fell confiderably fince. 
 
 I N the Afternoon we difpatch'd a Mcf- 
 fenger to Cuttejarr with Letters for James 
 JJlandy in anfwer to thofe we rcceiv'd at Bar- 
 ractincia^ and to acquaint them of our coming 
 down 't viz. 
 
 7<? Robert Pi. unkett, Efq'j and 
 Mr Anthony Rogirs. 
 
 Gentlemen, ^l'' ^''"f^ 3 Leagues b.low 
 
 ' Barracuiiaa, rcb. 20, 17 24. 
 
 YEjhrday nt Noon ive received yours of the 
 lolb Injiani at the Port of Barracunda. 
 We are very glad of your .Arri-val in this Rivery 
 and cojigraiulate you on the Choice the Royal Com- 
 pany has 7?iade in your Favonr. 
 
 The Letters you brought us from England zee 
 received by the fame Meffenger : IVe thank you 
 for your Care thereof^ and for your hearty Wlfljes 
 fent us thcrezviib. 
 
 jis we are now on our Pajfage doimt^ and 
 making all poffible Difpatcb to be with you, ive 
 Jball defer giving our Reafons concerning the Corn- 
 fan f s Ship Difpatch being employed on the Ser- 
 vice of the Expedition till iheu^ not quejiioning 
 V 3 but
 
 ::p4 VOYAGE/.;/^ the 
 
 1724- hut that they zvill he fathfa^ory hoth to you and 
 the Company. 
 
 Mr Drummond injonns tis, that he has given 
 you an Account of the poor fuccefslefs Trade the 
 Sloop has met with ; and as /he has got fo ill 
 for ted a Cargo ^ and fuch wretched * Money ^ we 
 have agreed to hring her down with the Ship, and 
 what T'rade we can get. 
 
 In our Pajfage up Monf. Lemaigre infortn^d 
 us of his having cut down a large ^'^fantity of 
 Bautie Wood ; which we mention, that you might 
 take this Opportunity of having it brought down, 
 if you difpaich Orders to Damafenfa/or to hring 
 it down to the JVater-fide, and that Capt, Stibbs 
 jhip it on Board; it may he got ready hefore *tis 
 pojfble for us to get there, 
 
 'Capt. Stibbs and Mr Hull returned yejierday 
 to Barracunda Fort : They went ahout 25 Leag. 
 above that Place, hut could 7wt difcover York 
 River, which Mr Vtrmuydcn places about feveu 
 or eight Leagues below. JVe found his Journal 
 remfs likeivifc as to the moft notable Hills, which 
 promife Metal in abundance \ hut whether it is 
 ■ifiipregnated with the nobler Kind, or not, we mujl . 
 'erg your Patience, till we have Conveniency to 
 riake Trial thereof. JVe pafs'd a great many 
 Flats, with no fmall Pains ; till at lajt we met 
 with one that (notwithjlandtng our uttnojl Efforts 
 fo get our da?nn''d heavy Canoas ovef') proved too 
 hard for us, and obliged us ?nuch againji our Wdi 
 
 to 
 
 * By Money they mean Trading Goods, for the EngUJh 
 have in the River Gambia much corrupted the Eng/ify 
 Language by Words or Literal Tranflations from the Por- 
 iuguefe or Muttditigoes; thus they call all Cattle Ccnvs, everj 
 tho' they are Bulls or Oxen ; they alfo call a Difpute a 
 Pa/awr, and a Free Servant a Butler or Gromttta, and 
 the ftcaling a Man and making him a Slave they call Pa- 
 fiiitring him.
 
 Rher GAMBIA. 2^5 
 
 to return back. We have nolh'mi ^natcrial to 1724. 
 add, but to ajfure you that vje are. 
 
 Gentlemen, 
 
 Tour Friends and very hwijhle Servant Sj 
 
 > 
 
 Barth. Stibbs, 
 Kdw. Drummond, 
 Rich. Hull. 
 
 On the 27th, early in the Morning, we 
 pafs'd on. Ac Eight o' Clock the Sloop ran 
 aground again, on which I refolv'd to leave 
 the Sloop, with one Canoa, to attend her, and 
 proceeded to Cuttejarr with the reft, in order 
 to get my Ship in a Readinefs as fopn as pof- 
 iible, which by theSicknei'i amongft my Men 
 will take Tome Time to do. At Noon I pals'd 
 Zamatenda, and at Ten at Night anchor'd at 
 Fat at end a. 
 
 The next Morning I left Fatatenda, and 
 at Ten at Night anchor'd under Nackzva-j- 
 Hill^ in order to make a Trial of it. 
 
 On the 29ch, in the Morning, as I was 
 examining this Hill, I found towards the Top 
 a Lion's Den, and foon after lueard the Lion 
 roaring at no great Diftance from where we 
 were, which made us make the more haile 
 down. This Den was the only one of that kind 
 I ever met with. It was cunningly chofc in 
 a folitary out of the way Place, about three 
 quarters ijp the Skle of the Hill, at the 1 ooc 
 of a Precipice in the Sid.e oF the Rock-, it 
 •was difficult of accefs, but large and commo- 
 dious, yet undoubtedly form'd by Nature. 
 The Track to it, with the Footfteps Excre- 
 ments, and even fome of its Hair, leaves no 
 U 4 ' doubt
 
 i^6 VOYAGE 7// the 
 
 z*-:4. doubt but that it was the Refidenceof a Lion, 
 which are pretty plentiful up this River. We 
 frequently hear their Roaring in the Night, 
 but 1 can't fay I have feen one in the Woods, 
 but I have frequently feen large Wolves. Ac 
 Night we anchor'd about a Mile bdov/ Tam- 
 yamacunda. 
 
 O N the 2d of March, at Day-break, wfr 
 got to Cuttejarr, and found my Ship in a very 
 Aveak Condition, moft of the Sailors fick, and 
 one dead. I us'd all the Endeavours I could 
 to rig my Ship and be gone, hoping by Change 
 of Air to fave fome of my People's Lives. 
 
 O N the 4th arrived the James IJland Sloop 
 with every Body well on Board. The next 
 Day we fent down three Canoas with 3 1 Slaves 
 tor James Fort> undef the Care of Mr Thomas 
 Harrifcn ; the Reafon of our fending them be- 
 fore was on account of Governor PIunkell*s 
 advifing us of a Charter'd Ship for Carolina 
 being expelled daily at the Fort. 
 
 Or: the Sth, having got my Ship in a to- 
 lerable Condition, I left Cuttejarr, and ac Six 
 at Night we pafs'd Dubocunda \ when falling 
 calm, I towed till Eleven at Night, and then 
 anchored a Mile fliort of Brucoe. 
 
 On the 9th, at Sun-rifing, I went thro* 
 PhoUyh Pafs 5 the Hi me Day went thro' Sappo 
 Ifles ; the next Morning 1 ftopt and took a 
 Trial of the Red Mount near CaJJlin -, and on 
 the 13th, about Noon, came to anchor at 
 Jonr^ where were two Interlopers, viz, the 
 Rub%\ Capt. Craigua, and the Hope, Capt. 
 perry j the former we left here as we pafs'd 
 Up the River ; it feems his Slaves rofe upon 
 him iafb Week, by which he loft 17 out of 65. 
 About three Leagues before we came to Joar
 
 Rker GAMBIA. a^y 
 
 ^e faw two or three Hundred Elephants in a 'j^*- 
 Drove come down to the River to drink, 
 who rais*d the Dud like the Smoke of a 
 Glafshoufe or Brewhoufe Fire. 
 
 On the 13th, at Night, we left jfoar i 
 and the next Morning faw a large Drove of 
 Elephants fwim acrofs the River, not above 
 a quarter of a IVlile ahead of us. On the 22d, 
 in the Morning, we came to an Anchor at 
 Jtimes IJlandy which we filuted with five Guns. 
 Mr Orfeiir was gone to fettle a Faftory at 
 Portodally. It is to be obferv'd, that we nei-^ 
 ther buried one Man, nor was there one hard- 
 ly that were fick •, on the contrary, thofe that 
 were in a weak Condition on our fctting our, 
 grew afterwards very healthful, fat and ftrong; 
 but my Ship which lay at Cuttejarr proved 
 very fickly and unhealthful. We have been 
 upoil our Voyage from James Fort to our Re- 
 turn two Months twenty three Days. 
 
 Barth. Stibbs, 
 Eow. Drummond, 
 Rich. lii-Li^ 
 

 
 a^ Ohfer-vations oh the 
 
 
 Obfervations on the foregoing 
 Journal^ and on the follow- 
 ing Remarks made hy Mr Stibbs 
 co7icerning the River Ga mbi a . 
 
 THE Author of this Journal having 
 given his Reafons why he thought the 
 antient and modern Geographers Ac- 
 counts of the River G^wz^m were erroneous, I 
 hope it will not be thought wrong in me to 
 mention fome things which might not occur 
 to him, and which juftify the Geographers in 
 their Maps of that River, which they call the 
 Niger. 
 
 He fays firft, That the River Gambia is 
 called by that difiifiEi Name, and no other. 
 
 The Gentleman muft have been led into this 
 Error from want of Converfmg with the 
 Natives : Gambia is not the Name by which 
 the Mundingoes, who are the Natives, call that 
 River; for they only call it Bate, fignifying 
 The River, by way of Preheminence, as the 
 antient yEgyplians did the A%, and which the 
 jibyffines do to this Day : Whereas the Name 
 of Gambia^ I believe, took its Rife from the 
 Portuguefe, and is only ufed by fuch Natives 
 as converfe with Europeans, becaufe they find 
 that the White Men know the River by that 
 Name. 
 
 He likewife fays, That its Original or Head 
 is nothing near Jo far in the Country, as by the 
 
 Geographers
 
 foregoing J O U R N A L, ^r, ^^^ 
 
 Geographers has been reprefented i nor does ii 
 rife from any Lake^ or hath it a Communication 
 •with any other Ri'uer. 
 
 The Oppofice to tliis is affirmed by Lea 
 the j^fric an, which I have infcfrted at length i 
 and his Account is of his own Knowledge, 
 having himlelf feen the Niger at '^lombuto, 
 where he went with his Uncle, who was fenc 
 Ambaflador by the King of Fez to the King 
 of Tombuto. And it is not probable that Leo 
 could have invented this Story, Hncc another 
 Author, viz. the Nubian Geographer, gives 
 the fame Account of the River Niger, which 
 I have alfo inferted ; and the Account they 
 give of the Natives, their Habit, their Man- 
 ners, Diet, (^e. agrees with what we find to 
 be the prefenc Cuftoms on the River Gajubia, 
 They mention the Salt Pits whicli are in the 
 Ifland UUl or Joally, at the Mouth of the 
 River Gambia, and of the F'ondnefs the Na- 
 tives have for Salt up the River. They alfo 
 mention Gitalata or Jualafa, which is the King' 
 dom ol i\\QjoUoiffs. They alfo mention Ghana 
 or T'any -■, and our Difcoverers have not yet 
 gone farther than that and IVoolly, which may- 
 be a Part of what they call Ghana. It is not 
 therefore very probable they fhould be mifta^ 
 ken fo as to affirm there was fo great a 
 River as the Niger, when there was no fuck 
 River. And the jRiver Gambia is fo confider- 
 able, that the Tide flows up farther than in 
 any River T ever heard of. Mr Stibbs's faying 
 that this River does not rife [o far in the Country 
 as tei'refen ted by the Geographers, is giving his 
 Conjcdure ; which is a negative Weightagainft 
 the pofitive Evidence of the two antient Geo- 
 graphers in the Affirmative. But if we are 
 
 to
 
 300 Obfefoations on thd 
 
 to judge by Conjefbures, I (hall fubjoin the 
 Learned Ludolphus's Opinion upon this <,'oint, 
 which is very curious. I fhall alfo add 
 what Herodotus lays upon this Subjedl : 
 Whofe Authorities agree in there being a 
 very great River of long Courfe called the 
 Nik or Ni^ery which either divides from the 
 Nile, or rifcsnear it-, and after having craverfed 
 moil Part of Africa, falls into the Atlantick 
 Ocean, as the other Nile doth into the Medi- 
 terranean» 
 
 Mr Stibhs allov^s, that the Gambia is a River 
 of the longeft Courfe of ariy that falls into tbi 
 Atlantick Ocean to the North of the Line, and 
 that it is the Niger, if any : But it Teems as if 
 he thought there was no Niger at all ; fof he 
 fays, that the Gambia rifesfo near the Sea, as not 
 to agree in any manner ivith the Account that the 
 Antients give of the Niger. 
 
 H I s Reafon for this Conjedlure is, That he 
 never heard the Natives mention any thing of 
 Lakes, Thefe Natives, very probably, were 
 r.he Merchants, with whom he fpoke, whoft^ 
 Intereft it was to conceal from him the Coun- 
 try to which they traded, fmce they muft 
 perceive thai his Intention was to go up and 
 trade thither j which if he could do by the 
 River, he would certainly under-trade them, 
 who live by buying the Goods from the Euro- 
 2>eans nezr the Sea, and carrying them up and 
 felling them, at great Profit, to the People who 
 live higli up the River. The Joncoes that I 
 myfclf have generally fpoke to (knowing that 
 I had no Intention to trade up that Way) told 
 me, That about a Month'' s Journcj from Joar 
 there are great Lakes, near which they pafs. 
 
 And
 
 foregoing JOURNAL, ^c, 301 
 
 And that is the general Opinion of the Coun- 
 try, as you'll fee by Governor Rogers's Letter 
 to the Company, which I have alfo added. 
 
 H I s fecond Reafon is. Thai the Natives 
 fay the Gambia comes from near the Gold Mines ^ 
 twelve Days f ourney from Barracunda ; and that 
 there Fowls walk over it. This may be true of 
 fome River which falls into the Gambia ; but 
 the main River of A^/^fr, as laid down by the 
 Ancients, which agrees with the Courfe of the 
 Gatnbia^ comes from South of the Eaft to 
 Barracunda ; whereas the Gold Mines he fpeaks 
 of, lie more Northerly. 
 
 He fiiys, That none of the other Rivers come 
 out of the Gambia . But he gives no Proof 
 thereof ; nor does he mention any one who 
 hath difcovcr'dithe Head of the Senegal^ or of 
 any of the other Rivers. 
 
 H E fays, 'That the French have not made 
 any Difcoveries of the Senegal above Gal lam ; 
 which is 5 or 600 Miles uj), and being on the 
 Confines of South Barbary, -partakes of its Sands 
 find Defsrts^ where it is very fmalL This is the 
 Defcription Leo gives of the Northern Branch 
 of the River Niger \ and only proves that the 
 ^French have not been higher than Gallam^ but 
 does not prove that the Senegal docs not come 
 out of the Gambia fir above Gallam \ and it 
 is perhaps the Senegal falling out of the Gajn- 
 tia, which forms the Ifland 300 Miles in 
 Length, and 150 Miles in Breadth; which 
 the Nubian Geographer mentions in the King- 
 dom 'of Vancara above Tany, and which Leo 
 aKo- mentions in his 7th Book, defer ibing the 
 Kingdom of Qhbiea \ and Labat^ a Modern 
 French Author, in the Second Volume of his 
 Account of yiJ^^/V^?, fays as follows:
 
 flOi Obfer'uations on the 
 
 * I N giving Account of the River Senegal^ 
 ift.'I fhall indifferently call it by that Name, or 
 
 the Name of the JSliger, In this I follow the ' 
 Opinion of all thofe, both Antients and 
 Moderns, who have fpoke with Certainty 
 of this River. They all agree, that the 
 River which the Europeans have for two Ages 
 caird Senegal-, is really the Niger, or one of 
 the moil confiderable Branches of it. It is 
 the Fate of Great Rivers, by the Quantity 
 of their Waters, to be divided into different 
 Streams ; and by giving different Names to 
 thofe Streams, that of the main River from 
 whence they proceed is forgot. The Rhine 
 is a neighbouring Example of this ; a little 
 Brook only, which is loft amongft the Sands, 
 bears the Name of the Rbwe, whilft many 
 great Branches produced from it fall into 
 the Sea under other Names. 
 
 * Many things have contributed towards 
 giving the Name of Senegal to that Branch 
 of the Niger. The Europeans arriving at 
 the fc^Btry of that River, and not knowing 
 it, they ask'd the Name of certain Fifher- 
 men that they found there. He of whom 
 they ask'd, not underftanding them, thought 
 they ask'd his Name, and anfwer'd them, 
 
 * Zanaga ; which the Europeans underffcood 
 to be the Name of the River, and have fince 
 corrupted into Senegal, the Name by which 
 moft Europeans know this River. 
 
 'The Moors who frequent the Northern 
 Banks call it in their Language Hued Nigar ; 
 which fignifies, if I miftake not, the Black 
 River, or Fluvius Niger. 
 
 * I F 
 
 Zanaga, the Name of one of the Tribes of the Moors.
 
 foregoing JOURNAL, ^c, 303 
 
 * I F we believe Sanute^ it was known to 
 the Antients under the Name of Afanaga^ 
 not much different from that of Senegal^ 
 which it bears : But let the prefent Name 
 be what it will, it is certainly the fame 
 River. The Cuftom of giving new Names 
 to Places when they are firft difcover'd or 
 poflefs'd, without enquiring into their an- 
 tient Names, is not eafy to be prevented ; ' 
 
 but this doth not change the Situation nor 
 the Courfe of the Niger. 
 'The Niger, or Senegal, is one of the 
 moll confiderable Rivers in Africa : Without 
 fpeaking of what it is beyond the Lake of 
 Bonrnon, which is in 42 Degrees of Longi- 
 tude, from that Lake to the Sea is 800 
 Leagues. The antient Geographers fay that 
 it is a Branch of the Nile, and that thefe 
 two Rivers come from the fame Head. 
 Plin^ is ot this Opinion, and one of hiss 
 Reafons is. That the Banks produce the 
 fame Plants and Animals. If this Argument 
 were allow'd, we might by it prove, that 
 the River of Amazons, and Janeiro, and all 
 the other Rivers in America, came from the 
 fame Nile^ fince they produce Crocodiles as 
 well as it. 
 
 'The moft that we could now learn is 
 ' from the Negroe Merchants of the Kingdom 
 
 ■ of Mundingo : Their Accounts are not fo 
 ' exad as to be quite pofitive; and we can- 
 ' not but fuppofe that in the Accounts they 
 
 ■ give they will fay nothing that can prejudice 
 ' their Commerce, or excite the Europeans to 
 ' break in upon their Trade. What is cer- 
 ' tain,and fo certain that it admits of no doubt, 
 ' is, that the Kingdom of Gallam, above the 
 
 ' Forn
 
 2Q4 Ohferiuitions on the 
 
 Fort of St Jofeph, abounds in Mines of GoiJ, 
 as do the Kingdoms of Gago and Tombuts, 
 which Jie above that upon the fame River. 
 * W E are afTured, and it is credible enough, 
 that in the 20th Degree of Longitude the 
 Niger is much Larger than it is below, and 
 it there forms a very confiderable Lake ; 
 and leaving that Lake, divides itlclf int6 
 two Branches ; the one running due Weft, 
 is caird the Senegal ; the other running South 
 Weft, is calPd the Giimbia-. The latter di- 
 vides itfelf again, and the Southern Stream 
 of it is call'd St Domingo; and that again 
 produces a fourth, call'd Rio Gra^-ide: Tiiefe 
 two laft are divided again, and fall through 
 feveral Channels into the Sea, which form 
 the I Hands of BiJfauXy Biffagols, Boulavi and 
 Bu£j\ and many others. 
 'The Alunclingoes (who of all t\\t Negroes 
 are thofe who travel moft) fay, that the 
 Niger comes out of a Lake which they call 
 Mabcria ; but we cannot fix the Situation 
 of it from their Accounts, becaufe tncy can- 
 not obferve Longitude and J .atitude. They 
 lay, that this River, at a Place call'd Bar- 
 racotcTy divides itfelf into two Branches, and 
 that that which runs to the Southward we 
 call Gambia, which after a long Courfe feems 
 to lofe itfelf in a Lake overgrown with 
 Canes and Reeds, in fuch a manner a<^ thro' 
 their Thicknefs to render the Water impaX- 
 fable for Boats : That having pafs'd this 
 Lake, it again appears a fine and deep 
 River, as large as where it paiTes by Barra- 
 cunda^ to which Place the Engliflj and Por- 
 tugimje, who are fettled in that River, go up 
 to trade with the Merchants. Little Canoas 
 
 ♦ can
 
 foregoing JOURNAL, &c, 305 
 
 ' can go from Barracunda to the Lake of 
 
 * Canes^ but Barks cannot, not even in the rainy 
 ' Seafon, becaufe they cannot pafs a Ridge of 
 
 * Rocks which crofies the River ; and through 
 ' which, though there are feveral deep Chan- 
 
 * nels, yet are they fo narrow that nothing 
 
 * broader than a Canoa can go through 
 
 * them.* 
 
 This Account from a Perfon of fome Learn- 
 ing, who had himfelf been in Senegal, is very 
 different from IMr. Slibbi's Conjedlures ; buc 
 though I venture to obferve upon his Reafons, 
 yet at the fame Time I fhall not omit men- 
 tioning, to his and Mr. Hull's Honour, thac 
 they pufiied their Difcoveries very far, even as 
 high as the River was navigable for wide 
 Boats; for he mentions that Ridge of Rocks 
 which Lebatt fays ftops the Navigation with 
 large Barks up the Gambia. And whofocver 
 knows the Difficulty of Difcoveries in thofe 
 Countries, where Heat, Hunger, Faint-heart- 
 ednefs of ones Companions, and Ignorance of 
 the Cuftoms and Language of the Natives, 
 equally create numberlefs Oppofitions to the 
 Defign, cannot but praife and commend the 
 Courage and Conftancy of fuch Adventurers 
 as make any Difcoveries at all. 
 
 X
 
 Tranflations/ro;^ Writers, 
 
 Concerning the 
 
 NiGER-NiLEj or Gambia. 
 
 A T'ranjlatmi of fitch Fart of the N u b i a n's 
 Geography, ai relates to the Niger-Nile, 
 of which the Gambia n Juppofed to be one 
 Moutk 
 
 INTR DUCTIO N. 
 
 HIS Book was written originally in yfra- 
 bick^ it was tranflated by Gabriel Sio nita. 
 Royal Profeflor of the Syr tack and jira- 
 bick Languages at Paris, with the Affi- 
 ftance of John Hefrc7iita, Interpreter of 
 the Oriental Tongues to Lewis XIII: 
 King of France. The famous James Thuanus Chancel- 
 lor of France encouraging thefe two, as he did all Men 
 of Learning, advifed them to tranflate this Book of Geo- 
 graphy, which had been printed in Arabick, at Rome, 
 in the Prefs of the Alediceys, into Latin, which they 
 accordingly did, and the Latin Vcrfion was printed at 
 Paris J m the Year 1619, under this Title, 
 
 X 2 GEO*
 
 2 Tranflations //-(';/; Writers, ccncermng 
 
 GEOG RAP HI A NUB IE NS IS, id ejl, Auu- 
 ratijjima totius Orbis in feptcm Climata divift Defcri^tio^ 
 cmtinens praferti}?i exa£lain univerfa Afia iff Africa^ 
 rerumque in iis ha^enus incognitarum explicationem. Re- 
 cens ex Arnbico in Latiman verfa. A Gabricle Sionita^ 
 S)'ri(ica}-um & Arabicarum Itterarum Profejfore, atque 
 Interprete Regio, & Joanne Hefronita, earundern Regi» 
 Interprete, Maronitis. 
 
 It is a Geography of all that Part of the World 
 which was then known to the Arabians^ and an 
 Epitome of a greater Work, called. The Diverfion 
 of the curious Mind. 
 
 H E begins with fhewing that the Earth is a Globe, 
 and then after a general Treatife of Geography, pro- 
 ceeds to divide the Earth into (i:vci\ Climates, the firft 
 from the i^iquator Northward. The River Gambiei 
 er Nile^ is in the firft Climate. He begins at the 
 Weftern Ocean, and defcribes Eaftward, as far as the 
 Arabians knew, all under thofe Latitudes. Thus he 
 fpeaks firfl of that Part of Africa which lies on the 
 Weflern Ocean, and the Mouths of the Niger-Nile^ 
 and proceeds Eaftward, defcribing all the Countries 
 under the fame Latitude, in which is comprehended 
 the whole Ccurfc of the Niger, Part of the Courfe of 
 the other Nile, the Red Sea, Part of Arabia, the EaJ} 
 Indies, Sic. Of thefe we have given only what relates 
 to the Courfe of what he calls the Nile, of which the 
 Gambia feems to be one Mouth. 
 
 The Preface of the Latin Verfion gives the follow- 
 ing Account of the Age in which the Author lived, 
 and of the Country where he was born, as follows : 
 
 'And having given a Ihort Account of the Method 
 ' of this "'.Vork, it is proper to fpeak fomething of the 
 ' Author's Religion, and the Age and Country he liv'd 
 
 * in. Our Author's Name, by Default of the Original 
 
 * Copies, is to us obfcure, but will perhaps appear plain 
 
 * to Pofterity, \\'hen the Number of Lovers of Arabick 
 *■ fhall be increafcd, and other Imprcffions be thereby oc- 
 
 * cafioncd. Pie wrote this Book of Geography about 
 
 * four hundred and feventy Years ago. For Roger, King 
 
 * of Sicily, whom this Arabian Geographer, in the fe- 
 
 * cond
 
 /Z>(? NiGER-Ni L E, or Gambia. 3 
 
 cond Part of his fourth Climate, fays in plain Words, 
 relgn'd in his Time, died above four hundred and k_j6-j^ 1 
 fixty-eight years fmce, viz. in the Year eleven hundred . J 
 and fifty one. It is very manifeft from the fame Ara- '\A^i 
 bian Author, that this ought to be underftood of Roger ^ 
 the Ift. King of both Sicily's^ and not of Roger the 
 lid. Son of Tancred^ as Cnfaubonus will have it. Our 
 Geographer, in the fccond Part of the third Climate, 
 declares that it was that Roger^ who took Tripolisy be- 
 longing to the Barbarians, and the Ifland Carcona, 
 Now we find it wrote in the Chronicles, that Tripolis, 
 the Ifland McUta, and other Countries, were conquer'd 
 and taken by Roger Ifl:. Befides, the City of 'Jerufa- 
 lem was taken by the Chrijiians in the Year of our 
 Lord one thoufand and ninety nine, and kept till the 
 Year eleven hundred and eighty feven, in which Tim«i 
 S a la din us at laft reduced it under the Power of the 
 Mahometans : And when our Geographer, in the fifth 
 Part of the third Climate, affirms that he publiflied this 
 Work at the Time when Jertifalem was in the Chrijii- 
 ans Power ; how can he poflibly mean Roger the lid. 
 whom we know to have died young, and in his Fa- 
 ther's Life Time, in the Year eleven hundred and 
 ninety four ? Therefore by the certain Concurrence of 
 the Times, we muft allow that this Book of Geogra- 
 phy was wrote in Roger the Ift's Time, and confe- 
 quently about four hundred and feventy Years ago. 
 ' We cannot guefs at the abovementioned Author's 
 Country from any other Place of his Book, but the 
 Beginning of the fourth Part of the fecond Climate, 
 where fpeaking of the Rife of the Rivers Islile and Ni- 
 ger, he has thefe Words, Isilus JEgypti, qui feeat pa- 
 triam nojirarn. From which Pallage, as it belongs to 
 our Purpofe, Cafaiibonus very groundlefsly thinks that 
 this Arabian was an Egyptian. We however, having 
 firft of all carefully confidcr'd the abovemcntion'd 
 Words, find from them that the Author makes fome 
 Difterence between Mgypt, and the Country which 
 he calls our Country : And then the Map of Nubia, (in 
 which the fame Geographer teaches us alfo that it is 
 watered with the Streams of Egyptian Nile, before 
 Mgypt itfelf is) being well examin'd, we refolutely af- 
 firm he was a Nubian by Country. Erpenius readily 
 X 3 -' came
 
 '4 Tranflations from Writers, concerning 
 
 * came into our Opinion, having heard and confidcr'd 
 
 * together with us thefe Reafons whofe Judgment and 
 
 * Learning, as it has no fniall Weight with us, fo 
 
 * we hope ours will be of more Authority by his Appro- 
 
 * bation. And that was the Reafon, learned Reader, 
 ' why we called this the Nubian's Geography.' 
 
 Thefe tranflated Paragraphs of the Preface of the 
 Paris Edition, were wrote in the Year 1619, which is 
 119 \ears fmce, therefore it is 587 Years fince the 
 Nubia-fi Geographer wrote ; and his Book, tho' it is wrote 
 in a dry Manner and without any Ornaments, muft 
 be very valuable to the Curious, fmce it is an Account 
 of what the Jrabia?ts knew of the Countries of the 
 Negroes fo many Ages ago. 
 
 This Book hath met with great Applaufe among the 
 Learned ; it was much valued and extolled by the Car- 
 dinal Perronius^ the great Thuanus^ Scaliger^ Cafauhoriy 
 and Thomas Erpenius^ the famous Arabick ProfeiTor of 
 Ley den. And indeed all the Geographers have made 
 their Maps of Africa from this and Leo the African^ 
 Account ; and though thefe are fo v.^cll known in the 
 learned World, yet they are hardly known by the 
 Generality of the E>ig!ijh ; and I cannot hnd that 
 this Nubian Geographer was ever tranflated into ©ur 
 Language, 
 
 He mcntior.s, that from the Ifland L'7//, to the City of 
 Scgehnejfa is forty Days Journey ; now we know that 
 Segelmejfa is under the Emperor of Morocco, and it is 
 very probable that that is the Country into which 
 the Joncoes or Merchants go from the River Gambia^ 
 ■where they fay there arc Cities and Houfcs built with 
 Stone, and defcribc the Manners of the People to be 
 like the Moors of Morocco. But the Cities on thefe G*<7;;/- 
 bia are either now demoliflied and over-grown with 
 Wood, or elfe they lie higher up the River than the 
 EngliJJ} have yet difcover'd, for there are no Stone 
 Buildings in any of the Towns which we know. 
 He alfo mentions Ghana, which I take to be Tany, 
 fpoke of in my Journal ; then he mentions UUl to be an 
 Ifland abounding with Salt, a Day's Sail from the Mouth 
 of the Nile. The Salt Pits from whence the Inhabitants 
 of the River Gambia arc furniflied vi'ith Salt, are to this 
 Day in the Iflands called Joally ; and thofe Salt Pits are 
 
 one
 
 the Nice r-N i l e, cr G a m b i a. " ^ 
 
 f<ne Day'^s Sail from the Mouth of the Gambia^ as he 
 fays the Salt Pits of UlU are from the Nile. 
 
 He writes many other Things, which, if the Reader 
 pleafes to compai"e, he will find they agree with my 
 Journal up the Gambia^ and that of Capt. Stibb\ 
 though neither of us had fccn the Nubiati's Geography 
 when we wrote our Journals. 
 
 It is proper to advertife the Reader, that, in Tran- 
 flating the Nubian's Geography, we have infcrted all 
 the Names as he fpells them, and the g is to be pro- 
 nounced like jay or y, and that he ufcs the Word Nile 
 for the River which we call Gambia. 
 
 THE 
 
 Nubian's Geography. 
 
 Part I. Climate I. 
 
 THIS Climate begins on the l^Fe/ly from the 
 JVeJlern Sea, which is called the Unknown 
 Sea, 01 Sea of Darknefs, ' beyond ivlnch %vhat 
 7nay he^ Geographers have no Knowledge of. There are 
 on that Coaft fix Iflands, call'd the Fortunate IJlands y 
 from whence Ftohmy began his Computation of Lon- 
 gitude and Latitude ; and they relate, = that in every one 
 of the faid Iflands is to be {i^^v\. a Pillar rais'd of Stone, 
 X 4 of 
 
 » [The ^ea of Darknefs] Is what is now called the Athntick 
 Ocean, the Bounds of which were then unknown j for this Author 
 wrote long before America was difcovered. 
 
 * And they relate, iiff.] This is an Arabian Tale, and the 
 Author mentions it as fuch ; for he ufes in the Arabick a Word 
 which is tranflated memorant, but which anTwers in Eiglijh to 
 The TaU -'[el lei's Report, or '[hey fable, ihat.
 
 (> Tranflations from Writers, concerning 
 of the Length of a hundred Cubits, each Pillar fup- 
 porting a Brazen Image, with its Hand lifted up and 
 pointing backwards. Thcfe Pillars are Six, and one 
 of them, as 'tis reported, is the Idol Cades^ which is 
 to the fV^ of AndalurJa^ and beyond thefe no one 
 tnows of any Habitations. 
 
 In this Part of the Climate are the Cities ' Ulily 
 * Salla, TocruTy Dait, Berijfa and Mura ; all fituated 
 in the Negroes Country of Mcczara. But the IHand 
 UUl ftands not far diftant from the Continent, and in this 
 is found thefe famous Salt Pits, the only that wc know of 
 in all the Country of the Negroes^ and 'tis from hence 
 they are every where fupply'd with Salt; for Men 
 coming to this Ifland load their Veflels with Salt, 
 and dire6l their Courfe to the Mouth of the Nile^ 
 Avhich is at tlie Diftance of one Day's Sail ; along the 
 Nile they afterwards pafs by ' Salla, Tocrur, Berijfa^ 
 ' Ghana, with the other Provinces of * Vancara and 
 Caugha, and all the Country of the Negroes^ who for 
 the moft Part inhabit along the Nile itfelf, or the 
 Rivers which fall into it. The refl of the Countries 
 lying diflant from the Nile, on each Side, are defert 
 Sands and folitary Waftes, altogether uncultivated : There 
 are indeed Wells found in them, but often dry, and 
 Travellers find no "Water for two, four, five, fix, and 
 fometimes twelve Days Journey. Of this Nature is the 
 Road of Benefer, v/hich is upon the Way between Segel- 
 majfa and Ghana, where for fourteen Days they can get 
 no Water ; for which Reafon the Caravans ha\e it car- 
 ried with them in all fuch ways on Camels Backs. There 
 are throughout the Countries of the Blacks many pafies 
 of the like Sort, the Soil being moftly Sand, and that 
 toft to and fro by the Wind makes it imprat^licable to 
 
 find 
 
 ' LV/7.] Tlie Ifland VUl is now called Joally, and the Salt 
 brought from thence is fold all up the Gandna ; and the Joncoesor 
 Merchants buy it and carry it over Land as a very valuable 
 Commodity. 
 
 ' Sa//a.] Is what I take to be Barfally. 
 
 -' Ghmia?^ I believe is Tany\ which lies next above Bar/all); 
 tho' the Boundaries are much altered. 
 
 * Fa>unra.'\ Is higher than the Englijh yet know ; for Tany 
 and Woolly, which ia part of the ancient G'/.'tf;/^, is as high as the 
 Englijh have yet gone.
 
 the Nice r-N r l e, (?r G a m r i a. 7 
 
 find Water. Thofc Regions are alfo fubjecft to excefiive 
 Heat, and the Inhabitants therefore of the firil and 
 fecond, and of fomc Parts of the third Climate, by the 
 Intenfcncfs of the Heat and Burning of the Sun, are of 
 a Black Colour, and have their Hair curling contrary to 
 what happens to thofc who live in the fixth and feventh 
 Climate. From the Ifle of UlU to the City of Sella are 
 ' fixteen Stations ; that City is fituated on the North Side 
 of the Nilcy it is populous, and abounding with the 
 bcft Merchandizes of the AWroes, and the Citizens are 
 flout and couragious. This Place is in the Dominion of 
 the King of Tocrur, who is a mightv Prince, having 
 many Servants and Soldiers of known Fortitude, Power- 
 and Jufticc, with a Country well fecur'd, and expos'd 
 to no Fears: His chief Seat and Place of Refidence is 
 the City Tocrur, ' ftanding on the South Bank of the 
 Jsfile, two Day's Journey from Salla, as well on the 
 River as by Land. The City Tocrur is larger than that 
 of Salla^ and more abounding with Commerce: The 
 remoter Inhabitants of the JVcJlern Parts bring thither 
 Shells ^ and Erafs, and carry from thence Gold and 
 Bracelets for the Legs : Their Diet at Salla and Tocrur 
 is a kind of ^ large grain'd Millet, Fifh, and Preparation 
 of Milk; their Cattle are chiefly Camels and Goats; 
 the common People wear Hair Garments, and Woollen 
 Caps on their Heads ; but the Drefs of the Nobility is 
 a Cotton Veft and a Mantle. From the aforefaid Cities 
 to Segchnajfa ^ is a Journey of forty Days, at the Rate 
 of the Caravan's Travelling : The neareit Place to this, 
 within the Limits of the Defart of '^ Lcmptuna^ is Azca^ 
 
 at 
 
 * Sixteen Stations ] Things muft hive changed much fmce 
 this Author's Time, tor there is no great City now in BcrfaUy. 
 The largeil is Joar, as delcrib'd in my Journal, and cannot be 
 above feven Days from Ulil. 
 
 * This Kingdom o^Tocrnr, which lay on the South Side of the 
 Gambia, mult have been deilroy'd ; for Barfally is inh ibited by 
 the Jolloiffs, a Nortberfi People, whofe Kings are of the Race 
 of S'njay. 
 
 i Cowries are Shells which go as Money. 
 
 * Is Indian Corn. 
 
 5 Segelmajfa is fubjcfl: to the Emperor of Morocco. 
 
 * Lcmptuna takes its Name from one of the Tribes of Moon^ 
 Vide Leo the African.
 
 S TranniUions//77/;i Writers, concerning 
 
 at the Diftance of twenty-five Stations ; and Travellers 
 .carry Water with them for two, four, five and fix Days. 
 In like manner from the Ifle of Ulil to Scgelmajfa arc 
 nigh forty Stations, computing by the Caravans Stages. 
 Berijfa lies Eajlward to the Nile^ at the Diftance of 
 iwelve Stations from Tocrur ; this is a little City, and 
 not wall'd, and feems like a populous Village; but tiac 
 Citizens here are Merchants, trading to all Parts, and 
 Subjects to the King of Tocrur. To the Southward of 
 Berijfa^ at the Diftance of ten Day's March, lies the 
 Land of Lamlcm^ into which Incurfions are made by the 
 Inhabitants of Berijfa^ Salla^ Tocrur and Ghana ; there 
 they take Numbers of Captives, whom they carry ' 
 a\\~ay to their own Countries, and difpofe of to the Mer- 
 chants trading thither ; thefc afterwards fell them into all 
 Parts of the World. 
 
 In the whole Land of Lamlem there are but two fmall 
 Cities, or as it were Villages, and thofe are Malel and 
 Dau^ fituated at the Diftance of four Days Journey from 
 each other. Their Inhabitants, as People of thofe Parts 
 relate, are "Jews^ and indeed moft of them unbelieving 
 and ignorant. When any of all the Inhabitants of the 
 Kingdom of Lamlnyi comes to have the Ufe of Jiis Rcafon, 
 he is burnt in the Face and Temples ; this they do for a 
 1'okcn ?mong ' thcmfelves. All their Countries and 
 ■whole Dominions is near a certain River, flowing into 
 tlie Nile. It is not known that there is anv inhabited Place 
 beyond the Kijigdoni of Lainlevi to the South. That King- 
 dom joins on the JP^cji to Meczara^ on the Eajl to Fancara, 
 on the North to Ghana, and on the South with the Defcrt ; 
 and its People ufc a different Language from thofe of 
 Mcc-zara and Ghana. Between BcrJJJ'a abovcmention'd 
 and Ghana^ to the Eaji., is a Journey of twelve Days : 
 it lies in the Midway which leads to tlie Cities Salla and 
 Tocrur. Likewife from the City Bcrijfa to Audegheji is 
 computed a Diftance of twelve Days Journey; and 
 Audegheji is on the North of Berijj'a. 
 
 In 
 
 • This fhows that the Slave Trade was begun by the Malonie- 
 tan 'Moon of Jfrica: and it was from them tha rhc Portuguej'e 
 it-arntit, and X.\\c EngliJ^j from the Portugutfe, upon their ftttJing 
 ::) Amryita. 
 
 ?■ The Dflulyt/nm, and the People near Cape Cocjl, arc branded 
 in thii Manner.
 
 the Nice r-N i l e, <>r G a m b r a] 9 
 
 In the Negroes Countries no foreign J'rult is feen befidos 
 Dates, which a. brought thither by the People of the 
 Defert of VareiLfi from the Kingdoms of SegelmaJJa or 
 Zab. The Nile waflies that Country from Eajl to If-'ejfy 
 and there on the Banks of it Indian Canes grow. Ebony 
 Trees and Box, wild Vines and Tamariks, and very 
 large Woods of the like Trees, where their Herds lye 
 down and lodge, and {helter themfelvcs in the Shades 
 from the fcorching Heat. In thefe Woods arc found 
 Lions, Beails like Camels and Panthers, Stags, Debuth, 
 Hares, White Weafels and Porcupines. There are alfo 
 in the Nile various kinds of Fifh, as well fmall as of 
 a large Size, on which moft of the Negroes feed; for they 
 Seafou -with Salt and lay up the Fifh they take, which 
 very much excels in fatnefs and largenefs. The Arms of 
 .the People of thofe Countries are Bows and Arrows, in 
 which their Force chiefly is ; they alfo make ufe of Clubs, 
 which, by a peculiar Skill and wonderful Art, they make 
 of Ebony ; but they make the Bows and Arrows, alfo 
 the Bow-Strings, of the Reeds of Sciarac. The Build- 
 ings of this People are of Clay, and wide Beams, for 
 Jong ones are feldom found among them. Their Orna- 
 ments are of Latten or Copper Metal, Grana, and Glafe 
 Necklaces, and counterfeited. Jewels. Some of tlie 
 aforefaid Things belonging to the Cuftoms; VicHiuals, 
 Drink, Cloathing, and Ornaments, are in ufe among 
 the chief Part of the Negroes, in all their Country, when 
 it burns with the fcorching Heat. Thofe however who 
 live in Cities fow Onions, Gourds, and Pompions, 
 which grow there to a wonderful Bignefs. The Plenty 
 of Corn, nor of other forts of Grain, is not fo gre.it 
 among them, as the large grain'd Millet, from v/iiich 
 they make their drink. Their greateit Dainties are Fifh 
 and dry'd Camels Flefh. 
 
 Part II. Climate I. 
 
 THE Cities contain'd in this fccond Part of the firft 
 Climate are Malel and Ghana, Tirca, Marafa, 
 Sacmaray Ghanara, Reghebil, and Semegda. From the 
 City Malcl to the great City Ghana are about twelve 
 Stations, through fandy Places and parch'd Plains. In 
 
 Ghana f
 
 lo Tranfl..tions/ro»x Writers, concerning 
 
 Ghana are two Cities, fituated on the two oppofitc Shores 
 of what they called a frcfli Water Sea, and is the largeft, 
 moft populous, and wealtliieft, in all the Negroes Coun- 
 tries ; and thither the rich Merchants refort, not only 
 from all the neighbouring Places, but alfo from all the 
 remoteft Parts of the IVeJl. Its Inhabitants are Mujfel- 
 men^ ' and the King of it (as it is reported) derives his 
 Pedigree from Saleh^ the Son of Abdalla^ the Son of 
 Hafan^ the Son of Hcfa'tti^ the Son of Aali^ the Son of 
 Ah'i-Taleb ; and the King is abfolute, altho' he pays 
 Obedience to Jhbafatts Emperor of the Mujj'dmai. • He 
 hath a Palace, which is a ftrong and well fortified Struc- 
 ture, on the Bank of the Nile : Apartments adorn'd with 
 various Engravings, Paintings, and Glafs Windows. 
 The aforcfaid Palace was built in the five hundred and 
 tenth Year of the Hegcira. His Kingdom and Dominions 
 is bounded b)'' the Country of Vancara abovementioncd, 
 very famous for the Plenty and Excellency of their Gold 
 Mines. And from the confirmed Reports of the People 
 who come . from the * remote Part of the JVeJ}, it is 
 certain that there is in the Palace of the King, an entire 
 Lump of Gold, not caft, nor wrought by any Inftru- 
 ments, but perfectly form'd by the divine Providence 
 only, of thirty Pounds Weight, which has been bored 
 through, and fitted for a Seat to the Ro}'al Throne : » 
 And truly it is a moft extraordinary Thing, granted to 
 no otI;er but to him, by which he procures to himfelf a 
 peculiar Glory, in Comparifon of all the Negro Kings. 
 And that King, as is reported, is the moft juft of all Men j 
 no other King has fo many Captains, who every Morn- 
 ing come to his Houfe on Horfcback, and one of thefc 
 carrying a Drum beats it, nor is he filent till the King 
 comes down to the Palace Gate ; and when all the Cap- 
 tains meet him, he hinilelf gets on Horfeback, and going 
 
 before 
 
 * The Empire of the Caliphs then fubfifled in Merocco, and all 
 over Africa. The Englijh never went fo high as the frefli Water 
 Sea or Like?, and Mr. ^tihhs thinks there are no fuch Lr.kes. 
 
 * Remote Part of the Wejl^ He being a Kubian, the Inhabi- 
 tants within icco Miles of the Mouth of the Gambia were far 
 IVeJl from his Country. 
 
 ' Scat to the Royal Throne] The Negroes chufe very low 
 Seats, and very hnall withal, not above ten Inches high, and 
 i:x ever, and vo}- citen in the Shcpc of an Hour Glafs.
 
 the Nice r-N i l e, or G a m b i a . 1 1 
 
 before them he pafles thro' the Streets and Suburbs of the 
 City. Then if any be opprefs'd or griev'd with anyTroublc, 
 he prefcnts himfelf to the King, nor does he depart from 
 his Prefence till his Oiufe be decided. In the Afternoons, 
 when the Heat of the Sun permits, he gets again on 
 Horfeback, and goes out guarded on all fides by his 
 Soldiers: Then no Admittance nor Accefs is open to any 
 one. Therefore, in a certain and appointed Cuftom, he 
 rides out twice every Day. And fo much is remarkable 
 of his Juftice. He generally wears a Habit of Sattin, or 
 a black Mantle, after the Arabian Manner, with 
 Drawers, and leathern Sandals on his Feet: He always 
 goes on Horfeback. He has abundance of rich Orna- 
 ments, and Horfes, with moft fumptuous Trappings, 
 on folemn Days, led before him. He has many Troops 
 who march each with their Colours under his Roval 
 Banner ; Elephants, Camels, and various kinds of Ani- 
 mals, which are found in the Negroes Countries, precede 
 him. In fine, thefe People have in the Nile long made 
 Boats, in which they pradlifc Fifliing and Commerce 
 between one City and the other. But the Apparel 
 of the People of Ghana are Cloths to cover their Naked- 
 nefs and Mantles. And the Country of Ghana is join'd 
 on the Wejlern Side with the Kingdom of Mcczara; 
 on the EaJ} with that of Vancara ; on the North with 
 the broadeft Defert, lying out between the Countries of 
 the Blacks and Barhary \ on the South it joins to the 
 Infidels Country, to wit, that of Lamleniy and other 
 Inhabitants. 
 
 From the City of Ghana to the Confines of the 
 Country of Vancara is a Journey of eight Days; and 
 this of Vancara is moft famous for the Excellency and 
 Plenty of Gold. It is an Ifland of three hundred Miles 
 in Length, and one hundred and fifty in Breadth, which 
 the Nile furrounds all the Year. But the Month of 
 Augujl approaching, and the fcorching Heat increafing, 
 and the Nile overflowing, that Ifland, or, at leaft, the 
 greater Part of it, is cover'd over with Water, and 
 remains fo as long as the Nile is wont to overflow. But 
 when the Waters decreafc, and the Nile begins to gather 
 it felf in its proper Channel, all, who are in the King- 
 dom of the Blacks, living in thofe Iflands, return to 
 tUeir Habitation j and every Day in which the Nile de- 
 
 creafes.
 
 12 Tranflations /rcw Writers, concermig 
 
 crcafes, tliey flightly dig the Earth, and not one of them 
 is difappointed in his Labour ; but whofoever he be, by 
 dicg;ine;, finds more or lefs of Gold, according to the 
 Gift of God. And after that the Nile hath entirely 
 betaken itfelf to its former Bounds, they fell what they 
 have fouud, and Merchandize among themfclvcs; and 
 indeed the greater Part of the Gold is bought by the 
 Merchants of Vareclan^ and by the remoteft TFeJiern 
 Merchants, and they carrying it into their Countries, 
 ftrikc and coin it into Pieces of Money ; and by them they 
 are bought ; and that every Year. 
 
 • Next to the Cities of the Country of Vancara lies the 
 great and populous City Tirca ; diftant from Ghana fix 
 Days Journey ; the Road lies along the Banks of the 
 Nile. From Tirca to the City Marafa is reckon'd fix 
 Days. And from this to the Country of Sccmara is 
 fix Days Journey. From that to the City Semagda is 
 eight Days Journey. That is a beautiful and neat City, 
 fttuated on the Shore of a frefti Water Sea ; and diftant 
 from the City Reghebil nine Days. Alfo from the City 
 Secmara to the City of Rcgbehil^ towards the Soufhf' is a- 
 Journey of fix Days. The Ciiy Reghebil lies alfo on the 
 Shore of a frefh Water Sea, and is of a beautiful Form 
 and Bignefs, fituated under a Mountain, which hangs 
 over it on the Sotdh Side. Between the City Reghebil^ 
 towards the JVeJl, and the City Ghanara^ there is a 
 Diftance of eleven Days. I'he Ciry Ghcnara is on a 
 Bank of the Nile^ inclos'd with a ftrong Wall, and 
 inhabited by a numerous and robuft People. Alfo from 
 this City to that of Ghana is a Journey of eleven Days, 
 v.'here Water is very fcarcc. All thefe Countries a 
 little before mention'd are under the Dominion of the 
 King of Ghana. 
 
 Part III. Climate I. 
 
 TH E moft fiimous Cities which are contain'd in this 
 third Part of the firft Climate, are Kaugha and 
 Kucu^ Tatnalma^ Zaghara^ Alathan, Angimi^ Nuabia 
 and Tagua, The City Kaugha is on the North Bank of 
 the frclh Water, from which its Inhabitants draw to 
 drink. This City is fiibjcdt to the Empire of Vayuara \ 
 
 iieverthekfs
 
 the N I G E R-N iLE, or Gambia." i:? 
 
 neverthelefs fome of the Negroes reckon it under the 
 Dominion of Kanem. It is a populous City, without; 
 Walls, famous for Bufmefs and ufeful Arts for the Advan- 
 tage of its People. The Women of tiiis City are fo en- 
 dued with the Magick Art, that Witchcraft is in a pecu- 
 liar Manner attributed to them ; for they are faid to 
 be very skilful, and their Charms effectual. From 
 Kaugha to Setnegondam, towards the JViifi^ is ten Days 
 Journey. Alfo from Kaugha to Ghana is near a Month 
 and half's Journey. From Kaugha to Damocla is 
 reckon'd a Month's Journey. Alfo from that to Sab'ia is 
 almoft a Month. Again, from Kaugha to the City 
 Kucu is twenty Days Journey, towards the Norths at the 
 Rate of the Camels travelling. The City Kucu is 
 famous among the Negroes for Bignefs; it is fituated on 
 the Bank of a River, which flowing from the North 
 Part, wafhes it, and affords Drink to the Inhabitants ; 
 and altho' many Negroes relate that this City Kucu is 
 fituated on the Bank of the Nile^ others place it near a 
 River flowing into the Nile. It is however, I apprehend 
 an Oipinion, that that River glides along, till it pafles for 
 many Days beyond Kncu, and then pours it felf out into 
 the Defert, thro' Sands and Plains, in the fame Manner 
 the River Euphrates doth in Mefopotamia. 
 
 Befide, the King of Kucu is abfolute, dependant on no 
 one ; he has much Attendance, and the greateft Empire, 
 Soldiers and Captains, Armour, and beautiful Furniture. 
 Thefe People ride on Horfes and Camels ; they are of a 
 martial Difpofition, and frequently invade the neighbour- 
 ing Nations. With refpect to the Cloathing of this 
 Country, the common People cover their Nakednefs with 
 the Skins of Bcafts, but the Merchants cloath themrelve<; 
 with Vefts and Tunicks, wear Caps on their Heads, and 
 adorn themfelves with Gold. The Governors and 
 Nobility are cover'd with Sattin, the Merchants go to, 
 and are converfant with them, and they change Goods 
 by way of Truck or Barter. A Wood grows in this 
 Country, which is called Serpentine Wood \ and it is faid 
 to be of that Nature, that if it be put to a Serpent's Den, 
 immediately the Serpent comes out of it. And alfo, that 
 he who wears this Wood, can take in his Hand a Serpent 
 without Fear; but rather, upon touching them, he Ihall 
 feem to feci in him fome certain Courage. However, the 
 
 Truth
 
 14- Tr^r^dmcns from Wntcr^^ conrerKi>7^ 
 
 Truth of this Thing is only fupportcd by the Reports of 
 the remote Nations of the fFrJr ; and it is probable, that 
 they who hold this Wood, or wear it about their Necks, 
 J>ave not been near any Serpent to try. Tliis Wood is like 
 Pyrcthrian or Bartrain^ is of a twiftcd Grain, and of a 
 black Colour. 
 
 The City Kucu is diftant from the City Ghana a 
 Month and half's Journey ; but from the City Tamahna, 
 towards the Eajl, fourteen Days. That is a fmall City, 
 without Walls, frequented by People from the Country 
 of Kcuar. From 'Tamalma to the City Ma than, from 
 the Country of Kancm, are twelve Daj's Journey : This 
 alfo is a fmall City, and none of tl:e ufual Arts are 
 pracfis'd in it, very few Merchandize, and the People 
 JiavQ Camels and Goats. From the City Mathan to the 
 City Jngunl is reckon'd eight Days Journey, and this 
 alfo belongs to the Province of Kanem ; it is very fmall, 
 not inhabited by much People, and thefe of a mean' 
 Spirit : Tliey are adjoining to Nuba on the EaJ}^ and 
 diftant from the Nile three Dr.ys Jc-;rney, and they 
 have no Water but from AVells. From Anghn'i to 
 the City Zaghara is fix Days Journey : Zaghara has 
 many Towns, and populous: And round about it live a 
 certain People, like thofe of Zaghara, who hire Camels 
 of the Citizens; and they exercife fome Trade of Mer- 
 chandize of little Value, and fome Arts among them. 
 Thefe liicewife drink Well Water, and eat large grain'd 
 Millet, and dry Flefh of Camels; alfo Fifh mingled 
 with Myrrh, and Milk Meats, with which they greatly 
 abound : They cover therafelves over with Skins, and 
 are the Swifted in Running of all the Negroes. From 
 the City Zaghara to Adathan is eight Days Journey, and 
 the Emperor and Prince refide there, whofe Soldiers, as 
 they are for the moft Part naked, are Archers. From 
 this CkyAfathan to the City Tagua are thirteen Days Jour- 
 ney, and this is the Metropolis of the Kingdom of the 
 Infidels of Tagua, obferving no Religion. The Country 
 of thefe is bordering to that of Nuba, and to them 
 belongs the little City Se?n?ia. And fome who have 
 travelled over the Cities of Kouar report, that the Chief 
 of "Jalac, who has his Government from the King of 
 Nuba, went into the City Sc?ny:a, burnt and utterly 
 dtltroy'd it, and difpers'd its Inhabitants into different 
 
 Parts.
 
 foregoing JOURNAL, i^c] 15 
 
 Parts, and that this was lately ruined. From the City Tagua 
 to this fame are fix Days Journey. And from the City 
 Tagua to the City Nuabia^ from whence the Kingdom of 
 has Nuba its Name, and from thence the Nubitcs^ arc eigh- 
 teen Days Journey. 
 
 Part IV. Climate I. 
 
 IN this fourth Part of the firfl Ch'mate is contained the 
 Kingdom of Nuhia^ Part of /Ethiopia^ and the reft of 
 the North of Tagua^ and the inward Part of /'^i/w^ The 
 moft famous Places and chief Cities of Nubla^ are Cufa^ 
 Ghalva^ (r) Dancala^ Jalac^ and Ma : But in /Ethiopia^ 
 Marcata and Nagiagha. In fine, in the Country of the in- 
 ner Vahat and upper Part of Mgypt^ are the Cities Afuan^ 
 
 Ancava and Redhii. 
 
 ^ In this Part is feen the (s) Separating of the two NileSy 
 viz. of the Nik of ^^gypt, which flowing from South to 
 North, divides our Country ; on each Shore of which are 
 fituated the gr-eateil Part of the Cities of ^gypt ; fome o- 
 thers there are in the Iflands. The other Part of the Nile 
 flows from the Eaft to the utmolt Bounds of the Wefl ; 
 and upon that Branch of the Nile lie all, or at leaft the 
 moll celebrated Kingdoms of the Negroes. 
 
 (r) iDaficala'} Is one of the Kingdoms of ^Ethiopia, fubjeft 
 to the Negus, and mentioned by Ludolphus ; fo that the Author 
 has defcribed all the Kingdoms up the 'Nile from the Atlantkk 
 to the Abjjtnes, whofe Empire borders upon the Red Sea, 
 
 (s) The Nubian Geographer in this Place is very clear in his 
 Defcription of the Divifion of the Nilr, and that one Branch (by 
 Geographers called the Niger Nile) flows into the Weltern Ocean, 
 and the other into the Mediterranean ; and this agrees with what 
 Herodotus reports the Priells of j^gypt to have faid of the Nile ; 
 andjt gives more Weight to his Opinion, that it is likely he never 
 faw, nor perhaps heard of Herodotus, who wrote in Greeky a 
 Language very litde known to the Arabians. Leo the African 
 alfo fays, ihat this was the received Opinion of the Arabian Geo- 
 graphers. 
 
 Y EX-
 
 tmmmmfimmmmmmmt 
 
 45" '^ ^* %i> ^!> v!^«iJ •^' "'^ ^" 'vsf '^ €* <t^t^ %i> <r 
 
 EXTRACTS 
 
 Translated out of 
 
 LEO the A F R I c A NT. 
 
 •& -IJ* •^* •ijh -IJ^ "^ -I^ "^ "^' "^ "T* "^ "^ •'4'^'^ "^^ ''{'* ■^' ■^* *^' "^ "fr *^' "^ 
 
 INTRODUCTION. 
 
 F R I C A is inhabited by three Races of People. 
 Fir ft ^ — The Moor s, under ivhich Nawe are 
 [f comprehended all the ancient Inhabitants of Africa 
 before the Arabian Conqueft^ zvhether they ivcre 
 dcfcendcd frc7n Numidians, Phcenicians, Cartha- 
 ginians, Romans, Vandals, or Goths, jDwr/V/g- z"/;^ Arabian 
 Empire under the Caliphs all thofc Nations receii-cd the A/Iaho- 
 metan Religion. 
 
 By their manner of Living they may be divided into two Kinds ; 
 "Thofe zuho have fixt Habitations., and live in Cities and Villages 
 following Trade or Agriculture. Jtnd thofe who live in the 
 Defarts^ and change their Habitations after the manner of the 
 Arabs, fupporting themfelves by Grazing and Huntings and 
 whofe Profejfion is Arms, 
 
 "Thefe latter feem to be the Defendants of the ancient Numi- 
 dians. Of them are fve Tribe s^ who, to avoid the Fury of the 
 Arabians, retired Southward into the De farts of Libya ; and 
 one of thofe Tribes, that of Zanaja, (Leo Jays) difcovered 
 and conquered thofe Negro Nations which lie on the Niger. 
 
 Secondly, — Th e A r a b i a n s, ivhounderthe Caliphs Suc^ 
 fors of Mahomet, after they had conquered Part of Afia and 
 allJ¥.^y\\U pafed the l^Wc, and fubdued Ahka.. Mo ft of thefe 
 Arabians live ft ill in the Dcfa'rts upon feeding their Herds, 
 Hunting Ofid IFar, raifing Contributions of the Aloors who 
 live in Cities, and by Agriculture. Some of their Tribes have 
 rambled Southward as far as the River Gambia, and the 
 y\\o\tys feem to be defended from them. 
 
 Thirdly, —Til E N £ G R o £ s, ivho begin to inhabit where the 
 
 Defarts
 
 ^'tWfJJat'mis fnm WntcrSy &:c. ly 
 
 Defarts end^ along the great River called Gambia or Niger, 
 ana from thence Southivard as far as the Cape of Good Hope. 
 
 Leo the Afi"ican hath given a full Account of all thefe Na- 
 tions from the Mediterranean Sea to tlje Gambia, by him called 
 the Niger, and by the Nubian Geographer called the Nile. 1 
 have tr an fated fueh Parts of him as Jheivs the Road from the 
 great Cities of Morocco and Fez, to the Countries of t})e Ne- 
 groes and the River Gambia ; alfo his Account of the Negroes 
 and the Courfe of tlye 'H\^<ix . His Book is /very curious and 
 ?neihodical^ giving an Account of all 'the Moorilh Kingdoms, 
 and exactly dcfcribing every Toivn, and the Changes that have 
 happened, particularly the Decay of Arts and Learning ivhieh 
 formerly flourif)ed in the great City of Morocco. He enti rs 
 into the Conflitution of the GovcrjimentSy fomc of which Jeem 
 Republican. Tljere ivere then feveral Kingdoms in Africa, and 
 fever al free Towns and Families independent of thofe Kiiigs. 
 About the i^th Century, in zuhich he lived, the Portiigucze had 
 made very great Ravages' in Africa, for landing upon the Ports 
 on the Ocean, they had pierced even into the Heart of the King- 
 dom of Fez. In the Defcription of the different Towns, he 
 gives an Account of thofe Revolutions. He divides his Work 
 into 8 Parts, J have the fecond Edition of his Book, ivhicb 
 ivas publife^ at Venice in the Tear 1554. In the fir ft Vol. 
 of Ramufio'; Collection of Navigations and Voyages, the Work 
 ■ is in Italian, dedicated to the famous Hieronimo Fracaftora. 
 In the Dedication to him the following Account is given cf Leo. 
 
 « This Author (Leo) was very con ver fan t in all tlic Courts 
 - oi Barbary, and in feveral Expeditions accompanied the 
 
 * Kings of that Country, even within our Days. I fhall 
 
 * give "a (hort Account of what I have colle»5led concerning 
 
 * his Life from a Gentleman of Worth and Honour, whu 
 
 * knew him at Rome, and lived fomeTimc there with him. 
 
 * He was by Race a M/«?r, born in G>J//L7^tz, and at the Tim ^ 
 
 * v\'hen the Catholick King Ferdinand conquered that King- 
 
 * dom from the Infidels, his Family retired into Barbary, 
 
 * and fettled in the City of Fez, where he ItuJicd i^xe Arabian 
 
 * Learning, in which Time he compofed feveral Hiftories, 
 
 * which hitherto have not been publiHied. He alfo wrote an y^;<7- . 
 
 * bian Grammar, which Mailer James Mantino has by him. Leo 
 
 * travelled thro' all Barbary, the Kingdoms of the Negrse:, 
 
 * Arabia and Syria, and kept a Journal of all that hejavv - 
 
 * otjieard woxtjiy of Remark. In the Pontificate of Leo 
 ' tl^ 1 0th he was taken near the Illand of Ze^hn. by Cor- 
 
 Y 2 firs
 
 1 8 ^ranjlations from Writers, concerning 
 
 fairs., conduced to Rome and given to the Pope, who 
 
 having fcen him, and underftanding he took DeHght in 
 
 Geography, and that he had with him a Book that he had 
 
 compoled on that Subjcd, his Holinefs received him very 
 
 gracioufly, and gave him a handfome Penlion, that he 
 
 might not have any Inclination to leave him. He became 
 
 a Chriftian, the Pope was his Godfather, and gave him 
 
 the Names of John Leo. He lived many Years in Rome, 
 
 where he learnt the Itid'um Tongue fo well, that he him- 
 
 felf tranflated this his Book from Arabiek into it, 
 
 which Book in his own Hand-writing we have by us, and 
 
 with the utmofl Diligence we are Mafters of, have cor- 
 
 reded and printed very exadly in the Manner we have now 
 
 laid it before you.' 
 
 'Tl?is Account trmiflated froju the Dedication of Ramufio is 
 
 fo full., that ive need add 7iothing to it concerning the /luthor^t 
 
 only that fnce his Time wonderful Changes have happened in 
 
 that Country, which he foretold luould be the Confequences of 
 
 the arbitrary Power grown up about his Age, which had 
 
 brought Government itfelf into fuch Abhorrence,' that he fdys, 
 
 < Pcioche gli huomini di riputatione, h di bonta, no fi dag- 
 
 * nano d'eflere ammefli negli ufici della corte : -ne fimiglian- 
 
 * temente di dar niunda delle lor figlic a quelli, che fono 
 
 < della cala del Re.' 
 
 He fays this bad Government occafoned univcrfal Avarke and 
 Corruption, and the Contempt of Learning and Education, 
 extended Ignorance, Immorality and Superjlition, thro* ail A- 
 frica, and would end in Deftru£lion: The Event has jti/lif.ed 
 his wife Conje^ures, for all Mauritania is noiv fallen into the 
 lozueft State of Barbarifm and Ignorance ; fo that the Pojlerity 
 cf ihofe brave and learned Arabians and I\'lGors, who preferved 
 Aftronomy and Phyfick, invented Alchymy and Decimal Cy- 
 phers in Arithmetic^, who conquered Africa, Spain, and Part 
 of France, fubdued by their own Vices, fibmitted quietly to 
 Muley I{hmael_/5?r the lajl half Century, and are now ruled by ' 
 the Will, or rather by the JVhim of an Army of Blackamoors, 
 who make or unmake their Emperors. 
 
 Leo's Account of Yct. tvas too long for to infert in this Trea- 
 tifc, fo IV e have oily given the Heads of it. The Road from 
 thence to Tomb u to, the Capital Kingdojn of the Negroes, lay 
 thro'' Morocco, Duccala, Hea, Sus, Dara, and ScgelmefTe. 
 fn this Journey they climb over Mount Atlas, and Leo gives 
 an Account of a Prince of one of thofe Mountains, which we 
 
 have
 
 the Niger-Nile, or Gambia. 
 
 19 
 
 have inferted at large. They alfo pafs thro' Numidia, where 
 the life of Dates fuppHes Bread, and theme they crofs the dread- 
 ful Defarts of Libya, of whieh lue have given zuhat Leo fays 
 at large, as alfo the Defer iption of fever al of the Toivns, which y 
 as we think it luill give the Curious fome Idea of the Inland 
 Parts of Africa, lue hope it will not be deemed fwclUng this 
 Book with foreign Matter, hut rather, that the Labour we have 
 taken in colle^ing and tranfating many curious Matters for 
 the Information of our Readers, from a Book noiv almojl out 
 of Print, will meet with a kind Reception. 
 
 Note. In this, as in the former Geographer, the (g) is aU 
 ways pronounced in the Arabic Names like the (j) 
 
 Y3 
 
 Ex
 
 r-p 
 
 Extracts from JOHN LEO 
 the AfricaiiV Gcogra^h'ical Hifiory of Mxk^, 
 
 Part I. Sect. III. 
 Of the Division <?/ AFRICA. 
 
 HE Jrabian Geographers divide Africa into four 
 Climates, Regions, or Parts, viz. 
 Bar BAR Y, P ^ Libya, and 
 N u M I D I A, ^ ^ the Land of Negi-oes. 
 "^ (a) Barbary begins at the Mountain of Meies^ which 
 is the mofl Eaftern Point of the JMountaius of Jtlas 
 towards yflexandria^ being near 300 Miles from thence. 
 On the North, the Mediterranean iS^<^ bounds it from 
 Mount Meie$ to the Streights by jhc. Pillars of Her- 
 cules. Weftward of thofe. Streets it. runs out of the Me- 
 diterranean Sea to the Maja Ocean, and extends to the 
 Weftern Point of Jflasy which is the Cape nearefl to 
 the Town of Mefa ; and it. k bounded on the South by 
 Mount Jtlus. This is the bell Region of all Africa., in 
 
 which 
 
 (a) Leo begins with a general Defcription of Africa, without 
 which the Reader could have no clear Notion where the 
 Gambia lies, therefore I have inferted it, fince by it will be 
 fccn what Nations and Parts of the World may be commu- 
 nicated or traded with from the Gambia. The Arabian Geo- 
 graphers Manner of dividing the World was into Climates, 
 coniifting of a certain Number of Degrees ; and beginning at the 
 Ealc, they defcribe all that Country Welhvard till they came 
 to the next Sea. Thus Lko begins with Barbary near Alex- 
 andria, bounded on tlie North by the Mediterranean Sea, and 
 on the South by the Mountains of Atlas, and defcribes all the 
 Kingdoms up the AV^<rr Nile, from where it empties itfcf into 
 rha AtlaJttit or Wcftcrn Ocean, to the Coyntry of the AhyfJ^ms.
 
 Tranjla lions from WriLers ^c. 21 
 
 which there arc Cities inhabited by civihzed People, who 
 make, good Laws for the Government of thtir rcfpc<!tivtf 
 States, and are of a tawny Colour ahnoft white. 
 
 'I'iie fecond Part of Africa is by the Latins named 
 Nwnidia, but the Arahiain call it Bilcdulgerid : It pro- 
 'duces abundance of Dates. The Beginning of it Eafl- 
 WMrd is at tlic City of Eloacat^ lOO Miles from Egypt ; 
 and it runs to the Wellward as far as the Town of Nun 
 upon the Ocean Sea. Athn Jimits it upon the North, 
 as do the findy Defarts of Libya on the South. It is 
 'generally by the Arabians called the Land of Dates, this 
 being the Region of Africa that bears mcfl: Dates. This 
 Region has but one Name, being all of the fame Nature. 
 The third Part is in the Latin Tongue called Libyd^ 
 and by the Arabians Sarra (fignifying the Dcfert) It bc- 
 ginneth Eaftward at that Part of Nilus neareft the City of 
 Eloacat^ and runs to the Weil as far as the Ocean Sea. 
 Niimidia bounds it on the North, the Country of Ne- 
 groes on the South : It begins Ealtward at the Kingdom 
 of Gaoga, and runs Wellward to * Gualata, and that 
 Gualata ' borders upon the Sea. 
 
 The fourth ' Part of Africa^ is the Land or Country 
 
 of Negroes ; it begins at Gaoga Eaftward, and extends Weft- 
 
 ■ ward to Gualata. The Dcfert of Libya inciofes the North 
 
 • Part, and the Ocean the South Part ; which is to us 
 
 unknown (except what we Icarn'd from the Accounts of 
 
 the Merchants who come from thence to Tombuto.) 
 
 In the Country of the Negroes, there is a noble River 
 
 called Niger ^ which beginnelh Eaftward from a Defart» 
 
 named by the Natives Sen, Others affirm that the A';- 
 
 . ger fprings out of a Lake, and io goeth on Wellward 
 
 .- till it empties itfclf into the Sea. Our Cofmographers 
 
 , fay that it comes out of Nilus^ and that for fome Space 
 
 tSi is hid in the Earth, and afterwards pours fortli in 
 
 ■fuch a Lake as is before mentioned. Some other Pcoph 
 
 think that the Beginning of this River is to the Well- 
 
 , -ward, and fo running Eafl: formeth that great Lake : But 
 
 . that is nor probable, bccaufe they go with the Stream 
 
 in Boats WcftwarJ from Tomknc to Ghinea, and Alelliy 
 
 :, for thole Kingdoms are fituated to the Well of T'^w- 
 
 buto. The moll fertile of the Negroe Countries, are thofe 
 
 which lie upon the Banks of the (b) Niger. 
 
 Y 4 Tre 
 
 (a) The Kingdom of the Jilhiffu (b) Qamhia^
 
 22 Tranjlatioin froviV^rxitn^ concerning 
 The Division <?/BARBARY. 
 
 BA R B A R Y is divided into four Kingdoms : The Chief 
 of them is Morocco, which contains feven Provinces, 
 viz. Hea., 5//;, Giizula^ MoroccOy Duccala, Hazcora, and 
 Tedles. Fez, the next Kingdom of Barhary, is alfo divided 
 into feven Provinces, viz. Temefne (the Countr}' of Fez) 
 Azgara, Elabat, Errif, Caret, and Elcauz. The third 
 Kingdom of Barhary is called Telenfin, W'hich compre- 
 hends three Regions, that is to Hiy, the Mountains, Te- 
 nez, and Algezer. The fourth Kingdom of Barhary is 
 Tunis, containing four Provinces, Bugia, Coujlantina, Tri^ 
 polis in Barbary, and Ezzaba, which is Part of Numidia, 
 
 Division of NUMIDIA. 
 fVhich is alfo called the Land c/ D a t e s. 
 
 NU M I D I A is the worft Part of Africa, infomuch 
 that the old Arabian Hillorians will hardly call it 
 a Kingdom, becaufe the Natives of it are fo far divided 
 from one another by the Defarts. For TeJJ'et, a Nwni- 
 dian City, which contains about 400 Families, is fepa- 
 rated from all Places of Habitation almoU 300 Miles, 
 by the Libyan Defart. But v/c fhall mention thofe Parts of 
 Numidia which are inhabited, fome of which may be com- 
 . pared with other African Regions, viz. Segebnefs, a Region of 
 Numidia lying between Morocco and the Countr}^ of Negroes ; 
 and Zeb, fituate againil Bugia and Biledulgerid, which extends 
 to the Kingdom of Tunis. We fhall referve many Par- 
 ticulars of this Country for another Part of this Hiftory, 
 and will begin with thofe Places which lie on the Weft 
 of Numidia, the Names of which are, Tefet, Guaden, I- 
 fren, Hacca, Dare, Tebelbelt, Todga, Fercale, Segebnefs, 
 Benigumi, Fighig, Tegua, Tfabit, Tegorarin, Mefab, Tegort, 
 
 and Guarghela. The Province of Zeb hath hve Towns. 
 
 Biledulgerid hath the fame Number of Cities. This is 
 the Divifion of Numidia, bounded upon the Weft by the 
 Ocean, and on the Eaft by the Nile. 
 
 Division
 
 the Niger Nile, or Gambia. 22 
 
 ~o 
 
 Division of I^l BY A, 
 or the Defarts isjh'ich lie between Numidia 
 and the Laud of Negroes. 
 
 THE Arahmi Geographers have not as yet divided 
 the Libyan Defarts, which he between the Land 
 of Negroes and Numidia^ by any Names ; but the Nu- 
 miiUans who hve in them, have divided them into five 
 Parts, and given them Names themfelves. The Moon 
 who inhabit them are divided into five Tribes, viz. 'La- 
 negar, Giietiziga, Terga^ Lenita, and Berdeua. 
 
 m 
 
 Division of the Count ry of Negroes 
 into Kingdoms. 
 
 THE Countr}^ of Negroes hath many Kingdoms ; 
 and notwithftanding there are many of them, of 
 which we have no Knowledge, yet we will defcribe 
 thofe where we have ourfelves been, and which zts 
 well known to us ; alfo fome others, from whence 
 Merchants have travelled to thofe Towns where I my- 
 felf have refided, and from them got acquainted v.'ith 
 their Countries. I faw (a) 15 Kingdoms of the Ne- 
 groes myfelf, but there are feveral others which I never 
 faw, but the Negroes know them well. Beginning Weft, 
 ■and going Eaftward and Southward, the following are 
 
 their 
 
 (a) The Author had himfelf been at Tombuto, which by liis 
 Delcription muft be about the Mid-way between Ethiopia, or the 
 Land of the AbyJJines, and the Mouth of the Gambia. Tom- 
 buto was then the moil confiderable Part of the Region of the 
 Negroes for Trade, fince the 'i rade was then carried on by 
 Caravans of Camels, who came over-land from Barbary to them. 
 And as Tombuto lay neareft to the Pviver Dara, which was the 
 Place where the Deferts were nan owell, and Water eafieii; to be 
 ■ had, that Conveniency fettled the '1 rade then there, for 1 rade 
 follows Conveniency of Carriage, which is the Realbn that the 
 Negroe Merchants now come down to the River Gambia, be- 
 cauTe the 1 hings they want are cafily brought th.itiier by Wa- 
 "--'•■■^,£r-'> i":om Euro^u
 
 24 Tranjlalions from Writers, concerning 
 
 their Names, viz. (a) Gualata^ (b) Ghinca^ Melli, Tomhute^ 
 Gago^ Guhcr, Agadez., Cano^ Cafena^ Zcgzcg^ Zanfara^ 
 Guangara^ Burno^ (c) Gaoga^ (d) Nube. Thefe 15 King- 
 doms are mollly fituate upon the Niger ^ thro' whicii the 
 Merchants go from Guchta to the City oi Alca'ir in 
 (c) /Egypt. The Journey is not dangerous, but very long. 
 
 The 
 
 (a) \Gun\at.'^,'\ is what I take to be the Kingdom of the 
 foUoiffs, or "Jitalafas. 
 
 (b) \Ghiiiea,'] I take to be the upper Part of what is called 
 Yan-^t and all Woolly. The other Towns are at prefent un- 
 
 ■l<nown to us ; the Englijh have never gone up higher in this 
 River than JVoolly. Whether the other Kingdoms do now fub- 
 lift or not, is a great Doubt. They were founded by the 
 Moors or Humidiam who came from Lybiay introducing the Ma- 
 Ivjmctan Religion with their Arms and Government. They 
 were fupplied with Clothes, Arms, Iron-Work, and the other, 
 Ihings they wanted, from the Kingdoms of Barbary, from 
 whence they firft came, and where the Manufacturers were 
 who rhade thofe Goods. 
 
 (c) [Gaoga,'] This Region is 'defcribed by Ludolpbus, being 
 one of the Kingdoms of the AbyJJine Empire above ^Ethiopia. 
 
 (d) S^KiiBe,'] is well known, being^what was antiently called 
 JEthiopia lying South of JEgspt. 'J "his was the Nubian 
 Geographer's Native Country, in which he fays the Niger 
 divides from the Kile. The Inhabitants were formerly Chrifti- 
 ans of the JUx nidiimi Church, but are now Mahometans. 
 
 (c) [.-E'^v/jf,] in that '1 ime which was before any Goods were 
 carried by the Shipping from Er,gland to the Mouths of the Gam- 
 bia, the Trade v.as carried on from Gualata, or the Land of 
 the Joilcifs, to Alcair in -Eg-<pt, tlie whole Breadth of Africa. 
 They carried Salt made at joally or JJlil, and in their Way 
 exchanged it for Gold, and with it, in JEgypt, they bought 
 Beads, Cutlafle.s Knives Iron, Daggers and other 'J hings, with 
 which tb.ey lurnidK-d the Countries on their Return. But the 
 Courie of Trade is now quite changed, and thofe Nations 
 whxh lie neareft the Gambia are now beft fupplied with Goods; 
 for thofe upon the River Gambia being able to buy Goods 
 from the EngUp, not only furnilh them with their Gold and 
 Mavcs, but the Black Merchants, or Joncoes, go up into the 
 Countries to buy Gold and Slaves, and bring them down to 
 Ccnvn- in the Jolloi^s Country, there to fell to the Shipping. 
 This long March from Gambia to JEgypt fecms almoft incre- 
 dible, fmce one can hardly conceive ho-v any Goods could bear 
 a Price equal to lo long a I.and-Carriage ; but tho' that can- 
 not be entirely rccoiy.;ilcd, yet the Nature of that Country 
 
 WJJ/
 
 the Niger-Nile, or Gambia. 15 
 
 The Kingdoms join upon one another ; ten of them ire 
 feparated by the Niger or Sandy Defai-ts. Formerly they 
 had all dillinft Kings, but now they are governed by 
 three only. The King of Tombuto^ who has the greatell , ."^ 
 Part ; the King of Borno^ who has the leaft ; and the / , 
 
 Refidue fubjeit to the King of Gaoga. There are fevcral ^ *^' 
 .other Kingdoms bordering upon the Southern Parts of 
 them, vi%., Bito, Jemiamy (f) Daiana^ Mcdra and Gochamy <^ 
 
 ■whereof the Natives and Governours are rich and induftri- 
 ous, and live by Rules of Equity and Juftice ; but fome of 
 them lead a brutifh kind of Life. The Arabmi Hifto- 
 rians fay that in former Times no Part of Jfrica was 
 inhabited, but that which is now named the Country of 
 Negroes or Blacks. And it is paft Contradi6tion, that 
 B arbary ?ir\^ Numidia were for feveral Ages deftitute of 
 Inhabitants. The tawny People were named (g) Barbar 
 from Barbara^ to murmur, bccaufe the Tongue of the 
 Africans is elleemed by the 4rahianSy as tliat of Beafts, 
 
 without Accents. 
 
 Of 
 
 will make it lefs furprlzing, fince the Carriage cofts little. 
 The Slaves carry each their Burden, and fome Corn, 
 which is very cheap, and the Main of their Nourilhment is, 
 Locufts, wild Honey, Roots, Ollriches, and other Game which 
 they find in the Woods and Defarts ; and when once they 
 come to Roads pafLible for Camels, it is a Qucftion if tlie 
 Carriage upon thofe Beafts is not equally cheap to Carriage by 
 Sea, confidering that 250 Camels, with a few Men to attend 
 them, carry equal to a Ship of loo Tons; that they live 
 upon what they find in the Fields, with a very fmall additi- 
 onal Allowance of Balls made up with Flower and Molafles, 
 whereas a Ship requires a great Out-fet, Men, Provifions, 
 AVear and Tear, ^c. 
 
 (f ) \pauma^ by the Name and Situation of it, to the South- 
 ward of the Gambia, feems to have an Affinity with the Dau- 
 
 / houmau, a very formidable Nation lying far within Land, Part 
 of whom have made a great Figure, by lately invadin-r the 
 Kingdoms of Whldah and Ardah near the Gold Coaj}. But 
 the Arabians knew very little of what was South of tiie Gam- 
 bia; fo that thefe are dark Gueftes. 
 
 (g) [Barbar,] the Derivation of Barbarj may be from the Latin 
 : Word Barlarus, for the old Inhabitants of Africa keep the 
 
 ^ 'I'ongue they had before the Romans Time, which by the^r 
 Conqueft v^as fon)ething mixt with the Igtin.
 
 e6 ^'rc.njlations from Writers, concerning 
 
 Of the Original of the Moors of Afllca. 
 
 TH E )Arahian Hiftorians are not agreed about the Origi- 
 nal of the -M'lJr.f, or 7"awny Inhabitants oi Jfrica. 
 Some fay thev arc clefcendcd from the Inhabitants of [a] Pa- 
 lafrifie, whom the AJfyrians drove out of their own Coun- 
 try, and at laft they came \q Africa^ where the Pleafantnefs 
 and Fruitfuhiefs of the Soil induced them to make it their 
 Place of Habitation, Others fiiy that their Original was 
 from a People of Arabia Falix, called the [h) Sabaans^ and 
 that even before the /Ethicplans drove them out of their 
 Country. Others fay that they originally came from a cer- 
 tain People of (c) Afta^ wlio, chafed thence by Wars, fled into 
 Greece^ which at that Time M'as not at all inhabited ; but 
 the Enemy purfued them, and forced them to crofs the 
 Sea of Morcdy or Mediterranean ; they arriving in Africa, 
 fettled there, but their Enemies Hayed in Greece. Thefe 
 Things are to be underftood of the Origin of the Moors 
 only, the' Barbaridns and Numidians ; for the Negroet 
 are all defcended from {d) Chus^ the Son of Cham^ who 
 was the Son of Noah. Notwithftanding the Difference be- 
 tween the Moors and Negroes., they had all one Beginning, 
 being defcended from tiie Philijlines, and they from Mej- 
 raim., the Son of Chtis : But the Aloors are defcended from 
 the Sabeans, for Saba was begotten of Ra?ua, the eldcft Son 
 of Chus. There are more Opinions concerning the Afri- 
 cans Original, but wefhall omit them as unneceflary. 
 
 Of 
 
 (a) [Palnjizne] This may be meant of the famous Repub- 
 lick of Carthage, which was founded by the Syrians, who were 
 of PaUjline. 
 
 (b) it is very probable the Original of the 'Numidians was from 
 the Sabaans ; lor their Cuftoms, when the Romans came firll ac- 
 quainted w ith them, were very like thofe of the Arabians. 
 
 (c) It feems as if this was a miflaken Account of Cyrene and 
 other Colonies fct led by iheGracians in Africa. 
 
 (d) 1 his Account being alfo of Matters which happened be- 
 fore the Time of Mahomet , the Reader will receive it as he 
 thinks ht, but I thought it would be a Matter of Curiofity to Ihew 
 wliat was the Arabians Opin'on of the Original of the Ncgroci.
 
 the Niger-Nile, or Gambia. 27 
 
 Of the Tribes of the Moors of Africa. 
 
 THE {a) Moors ov Numidlans arcdivivcd into 5 Tribe% 
 Sanhagia, Mufmuda, Zeneta^ Haoarazrx'XGuniera. The 
 Tribe o'i Mufrniida inhabits the South Part of the Mountain 
 
 of Atlas, ?.uA all the Inland Plains of that Region. 
 
 The two Tribes of Mufmuda and Giimera live bv thcm- 
 
 felves, but the other three are difperfed all over Africa. 
 
 Some of the Zeneta govern all Africa, having formerly over- 
 come the Family called Idrh, from whom it is fa'id, the 
 true and natural Generals of Fez derive their Pedigree, ^yho 
 were the Founders of the fame City, and their Succeflbrs 
 were called Mecnafa. Another Family of the Zeneta, called 
 Magraoa, came out of Numldia afterwards, \\\\o cliafcJ 
 the FamJly of Mecnafa, with their Chiefs, out of their 
 Territories, It was not long after that, before the Tribs of 
 Magaora was chafed out in the iame'Manner by fome of the 
 Sanhagia Race, colled Liintuna, who came from the Dcfart 
 o{ ifumidla. This Family waited and utterly deftroyed the 
 Country of Tem«fne, and ilew all the Inhabitants, except 
 ihofe who were cither of their Tribe or Kindred, and to 
 them they gave the Country o{ Duecala to live in, who built 
 the City of Morocco. Since that one Elmahdi, ■ the Head 
 of the Mahometan Preachers thereabouts, conf[)iring wiih 
 thofe of the Mufmuda Family, called Hargii, drove out all 
 the Luntuna, and governed the Kingdom himfelf. When 
 he died, one of the Sanhagia, called Hakhtl Mumen, a Ba- 
 niguerihagel, fucceeded him, and that Fan)ily pofleired the 
 Kingdom 120 Years, to which moH: Parts 0^ Africa wcra 
 fubjed. — -- 
 
 Of the Language of the Africans. 
 
 THE foregoing five Families were multiplied into Hun-r 
 dreds of Families, and tho' there are innumerable 
 Nations, yet they ufe all one Language, by them named 
 
 (a) He is fpeaking of the Moors, whom he diftinguiflies from 
 the Arabians. 
 
 Afud
 
 %S TrcUiJIatiofis from Writers, concerning 
 
 {a) Aquel Amarig^ ihe Noble Tongue. The African Arabians 
 call it- a barbarous Tongue, but it is the general Language 
 oi Africa, quiic different from other Tongues, yet has a 
 great many Arabian Words in it ; whicli occafions fome to 
 think, that by lineal Defcent the Africans are derived from 
 the Sabaans, a People of Arabia Fa-lix. Others think their 
 Language was in Being before the Arabians came inio Africa i 
 but their Authors were fo negligent, that they left no'VVri- 
 tings either to prove or difprove it. They who live near, 
 and trade with the Arabians, do moftly fpeak their Lan- 
 guage. The Negroes have a good many Languages a- 
 
 mongll them, of which one named (b) Sungai is ipoken in 
 a great many of their Kingdoms, viz. Gualata, Ghin^a^ 
 Tombuto, Melli and Gago, They ha^'e another called Gubery 
 which is ufed by the Inhabitants of Cano, Cafena, Perze- 
 greg and Guangra. Borno hath a Language of its own, unr 
 like that ufed in Gaoga. The Tongue ufed in Nubc has a 
 Mixture of the Chaldean, Egyptian and Arabian Languages ; 
 but all the Tov/ns near the Sea, from the Mountains of 
 jftlas to the Mediterranean Sea, fpeak broken ArabiaUy ex- 
 cept Morocco and the Niimidians Inland bordering upon FeZf 
 Trcmizen and Morocco, who fpeak the Language of the 
 Barbarian. Thofe over-againit Tunis and Tripoli fpeak 
 bad Arabic. 
 
 %• %■ %' %■ ■$■ ■*' "^^ %' %' •* -'i' "i" •♦' '*' '*■' ■5-' •4" *• * **' •♦' % •♦: 
 Of the Arabians ^-Ji'bo mhdbit the City of Ciirodxi, 
 
 f\TMAN, the third Califf, fent an Army out, which 
 ^ fubdued many Regions, and at length 80,000 of theih 
 came into Africa, the Commander of whom continued 
 himfelf there, whofe Name was Hucha Hibnu Nafich. H^ 
 built the great City of Cairoan, becauic he was afraid that 
 the Inhabitants of Tunis would betray him by getting Suc- 
 cours from Sicily, and therefore took all his Treafuic to the 
 Defart about 120 Miles trom Carthage, and there built tH'c 
 
 (a) Leo certainly gives to tliefe Languages the Ai-alian Names, 
 which are quite different from the Names given by tlie People of that 
 Country ; for the Language fjxike by the Jolloiffs is called J ol- 
 loiff, and that fpoke by the Negroes 'a called MunJingj. 
 
 (^) [^^ungai'] 'i hat is at this Time the Name of tJic Royal I'.i- 
 mily of Barfallyl 
 
 fa id
 
 the Nicer-Ntle, or Gambia. 29 
 
 faid Ca'iroiVi. He ordered his People always ro dcfciiJ tlicin- 
 felves in the Delarts, and not to depend upon the Strength 
 of Fortifications or Rocks, nor to dwell near tliem ; and 
 thus the Jrablmii remained fafe, conquered all Africa^ anii 
 mixt with the Natives. 
 
 'The Qi/ioms and Manner of Life of thofe Ar 
 fricans '■jnho inhabit the Defarts of Libya. 
 
 TH E five Tribes of Sanhagia^ iffc. are by the Laths 
 called Numida. They li\'e in tlic following Mannerj 
 They have no Rule, nor legal Form of Go\'enTment; iheir 
 Drefs is a Piece of coarfe Cloth, which covers but a little of 
 their Body ; upon their Heads they wear a fmall Turbant 
 of black Cloth ; their principal Men, to diftinguifh thcm- 
 felves, wear a fhort Gown of blue Cotton, which comes to 
 their Knees, with \\'idc Sleeves, which they buy from the 
 Merchants that come from the Negroes ; they ride only upon 
 Dromedaries or Camels, between the two Bofles, or clfe 
 between the Bofs and the Neck ; they ufe no Stirrups, and 
 prick the Beaft on with a Goad inftead of Spurs : Thofe 
 Dromedaries that are broke for riding, have the Griftle of 
 their Nofes bored, as the Buftaloes have in hdly^ thru' which 
 they run a Leather-Strap, which they ufe for a Bridle, In- 
 Itead of Beds they ufe Matts, very finely made of Reeds and 
 Canes ; their Tents are of Cloth made oi Camels Hair, or 
 of the Fibres of the Date-Trees ; as for their Food, thofe 
 who have not feen would not believe with Vv'hat Patience 
 they fupport Hunger and Thirft ; from their Infancy they 
 are brought up to live without Bread, or any kind of Grain, 
 but they are nouriflied with Camels Milk, and they in the 
 Adorning generally drink a large Draught of it, which fervcs 
 theni till Supper,' when they eat fuch Flelh as they can get 
 boiled in Milk or Butter ; when it is dreit they take the 
 Pieces out with their Hands and eat it, as we would a Crult 
 of Bread, withou: Plates or Knives ; when the Broth is al- 
 moft cool, they take it up vv^ith the Hollow of their Haiuis 
 inftcad of Spoons ; if they have it, they tl:cn drink a Cup of 
 Milk, which is the End of their Supper. Whilll they have 
 Milk they do not want Water, and during the Spring when, 
 they have Plenty of it, they are ib wicked as to go fcvcrai
 
 3P Iranjlatipns frojn Writers, concerning 
 
 Weeks without Wafhing(^), and their Camels alfo requiie 
 no Water whilft they have green Grafs to feed on. They 
 fpend their whole Lives in Hunting, or in plundering their 
 Enemies ; they Iby but a few Days in one Place, becaufe 
 their Camels in that Time have eat up the neighbouring 
 Grafs. Though, as I faid above, they have no Rule or legal 
 Form of Government, yet each Party has a Chief, whom 
 they honour and obey as their King ; they are not only ig- 
 norant of Letters, but of all Arts, Sciences and Virtue (^), 
 for amoTigft this People it is very difficult to find afmgle 
 Judge who underftands the Law ; fo that fhould there 
 fuch a Thing happen as a Law-fuit, it would be necellary 
 for the Plaintiff to ride at leaft fix Days Journey to find a 
 Judge learned in the Law, for very few of the Profeflion 
 care to live amongft fuch poor Wretches, or can bear with 
 
 their Cuftoms or manner of Life. Their Women are 
 
 plump, well-featured, and finely limbed, but of dark-co- 
 loured Skins, They are very civil, and will permit you to 
 touch their Hands, and kifs them, but he who goes farther, 
 does it at theRifqueof his Life, for in cafe of Adultery TiMoor 
 would, without Mercy, put both the offending Parties to 
 Death. Thefe People are very generous and courteous to 
 Strangers, and when any Travellers pafs thro' their Defarts, 
 they v/ill not go to their Tents to ask any thing of them, 
 nor will they go on the great Road to beg or defire any 
 thing, but every Caravan that comes thro' their Defarts 
 pays to the Prince thro' whofe l>rritories it palfes, a coarfe 
 Cloth worth a Ducat for every Camel. I paffed with a Ca- 
 ravan thro' the Defart of Jraoti, where a Prince of the 
 Race of T^enaga ruled j we went to him, and found him ac- 
 companied with 50 Men mounted upon Dromedaries ; wc 
 paid him ihe ordinary Tribute, and he invited us to go to 
 his Camp, and repofe ourfelves two or three Days ; but that 
 as it v;as out of our Road, and that our Camels were tired, 
 the Merchants excufed themfelves, and gave him great 
 Thanks, on which he told them their Camels and Bag- 
 cage might go forward, and that thofe who were on 
 Horfeback might go along with him, and eafily after- 
 wards 
 
 [a) The not wafhing is a high Crime among the Mahometam. 
 
 (b) Leo being bred a Mahometan Lawyer, will not allow any 
 Man to be virtuous that does not underftand their Commen- 
 tators, who pretty near anfwer our Coke upon Littleton.
 
 the NtGER-NiLE, fT Gambia. ^t 
 
 •Wards overtake their Camels. He carried all us and the 
 Mercliants with him, and entertained us with great Abun- 
 dance, according to the Nature of the Place. We were 
 no fooner arrived but he ordered Camels, and Camel-Calves, 
 and other Cattle, to be killed j and Oltriches, and other 
 Kind of Game, which he had taken by the Way, to be 
 dreft for our Provifion. We defired him not to kill fo ma- 
 ny Camels for us, for that they were very valuable, and 
 that we feldom eat of their Flefh but when all other Food 
 failed us. He anfwered. That he fhould be afhamed to en- 
 tertain Strangers with killing only the fmaller Cattle, and 
 that he would treat us with the bell he had, and with his 
 largeft Camels. Our Feaft was compofed of Flefli boiled 
 and roalled ; the Oltriches were roafted, and ferved up in 
 Baflcets made of Cane : They were llufFed with fweet 
 Herbs and Pepper, which they have from the Country of 
 the Negroes. They gave us alfo Cakes made of Millet and 
 Manfaroke {a) , which were extremely good and well tailed. 
 The Defert was Dates in vail Abundance, and huge Vef- 
 fels filled with Milk. The Prince honoured us with his 
 Prefence, and that of his nearell Relations ; but they eat by 
 themfelves, and had fome religious Men with them, none 
 of them touched any Cakes, or Bread, or Dates, but only 
 eat Flefli or Milk. The Prince perceiving that we were 
 furprifed at this, told us, with a fmiling Countenance, 
 that they were born in that Country, where no Corn grew, 
 and that it was proper they fhould live upon the Produce of 
 their Native Land : "That Com wai a foreign Luxury^ and 
 that they kept it only for to oblige Strangers with. It is 
 true, they eat Bread upon the higheft Fellival Days j but 
 that was little, and only by way of Sacrifice. We llaid 
 two Days with him, and the Quantity of Food dreft in that 
 Time was furprifing ; as alio the Courtefy and Joy with 
 which he treated us. The third Day he gave us Leave to 
 depart, himfelf accompanying us till we joined the Cara- 
 vans. And certainly the Bealls which he killed during the 
 Time v/e were there, were in Value ten Times the Tribute 
 we paid. The other four Tribes of Numldia have the fam« 
 Cuftoms, and live in the fame Manner. — 
 
 (a) Vide Journal, p- 3 r . , 
 
 % Of
 
 li ^ratijlations from Ylrktr^i concerning 
 
 Of the Religion of the MoorSj and other an-* 
 cicnt Africans. 
 
 TH E old Africans were mucli given to Ido]?.try, as the 
 Perf.am Hill are ; fome of them wTDrlhipping the 
 Fire, and fome the Sun. And they had, in Times paft, 
 noble Temples built to the Honour of both the Sun and 
 Fire ; in which they kept continual Fires, as the veltal Vir- 
 gins did at Rome. Thofe Africans of Libya and Numidia 
 
 worihipped each a particular Planet, to which they offered 
 Prayers and Sacrifices. Others of the Land of Negroes wor- 
 fhip Guigbimo^ viz. The Lord of Heaven. , Which found 
 Religion v/as not given them by any Prophet, but they 
 were inspired with it by God himfelf. The Jewifl) Law 
 prevailed amongft them afterwards for many Years. After 
 that they profefled Chrift:anity, till the 208th Year of the 
 Hegeira^ at which Time fome of Mahmiefs Difciples de- 
 ceived them ; fo that they followed their Opinion, and all 
 the Kingdoms of the Negroes joyning to Lilyya^ turned Ma- 
 JiometatiSy and flew all that were not of that Faith. So 
 that even till now there are no Chriftians at all amongft 
 the Negroes ; but thofe near the Sea are great Idolaters, 
 with wliom the Portugiieze do ftill keep, and have for a 
 long Time kept up a great Traffick. 
 
 Of the Letters and Characters of the Africans. 
 
 TH E ancient Arabian Hiftorians tliink that the Afri-^ 
 cans ufed the Latin Cliaraders only, and they fcrupl^ 
 not to affert, that when the Arabians invaded Africa^ no 
 Charadters were found amongft them but the Latin. 
 They allow that the Africans have a peculiar Language, 
 but fay that ihey^ufe the Latin Letters. What Account 
 the Arabians have of the ancient African Hiftory, is tran- 
 fl.Ued from the Latin Books, fome of which were very an- 
 cient, and fome wrote in the Time of the Avians. But 
 the Titles of them have flipt my Memory, tho' it is pro- 
 bable theirWorks were very voluminous ; for I remember an 
 Arabian h\x'^\ox., whoquotesaPaflageout of the yothBook of 
 one of thofe [a) Hiftcrics. They did not in the Tranflation 
 
 con- 
 
 {u) It is reported that7//«/ Ll-vius j$ the Book here meant.
 
 the NiGER^NiLS, or Gambia. ^3 
 
 tonform to the Method of the Dit'm Authors, but 
 took the Hiftory of one particular Monarch, and mix'd 
 his Exploits with other Kings of the fame Times. But the 
 Mahometan Princes commanded all the African Books to be 
 burnt, imagining that the Africans would contemn the 
 Dodtrine oi Mahomet, as long as they were acquainted with 
 natural Philofophy and otherSciences, On the other Side, the 
 Africans had (as fome Hiftorians affirm) peculiar Charafters 
 to themfelves, which were utterly dellroyed from the Time 
 the Romans fubdued thofe Regions of Africa. It is not 
 improbable that a vanquifhed People fhould ufe the Letters 
 and Cuftoms of thofe who overcome them. For the fame 
 Thing happened to the Perfans at the Time the Arabian 
 Empire flourifhed, all their Books were burnt by the Order 
 of the Mahometan Prelates, for fear they fhould be induced 
 by thofe Books to defpifc Mahomet^s Dodlrine. Whene- 
 ver any of the People of the Cities of Barbary are defirous 
 of recording any Verfes to Poflerity, they make ufe of 
 the Latin Letters. All thefc Things put together, makes 
 me think that formerly the Africans had Letters proper and 
 peculiar to themfelves, in which they defcribed all great 
 Adions. It is probable that the Romans (as Conquerors 
 generally do) as foon as they had overcome thofe Provinces, 
 deftroye'd their Letters and Memory, and ufed their owil 
 inftead of them, that the Ro?nan Honour and Fame might 
 be only continued there. Every one knows that the Goths 
 did the fame to the Roman Edifices, and the Arabians to the 
 Monuments of the Perfans. The Turks do the fame i 
 for when they take any Town from the Chriflians, they 
 immediately dellroy the Images of their Saints. — - No 
 Wonder that after fo long a Time, and fo many Al- 
 terations, the Africans are deftitute of Lette!:s, confi- 
 dering the Arabians had been Mafters nine Hundred Years ; 
 therefore, whoever doubts that the Africans had any pecu- 
 liar Kind of Writing, may as well doubt their having any 
 rLanguage. 
 
 Defaiptwu of the Lands in AFRICA. 
 
 AFRICA being divided into four Parts, the Face of 
 the Country is not every where the fame. That 
 Part lying along the Mediterranean Shore, viz. from the 
 Z 2 Si"rci2-h:s
 
 34 7'ranf!atms from Writers, concerning 
 
 Streights of Gibriiha)' to the Frontiers of ^gypt., abouflJl 
 in feme Places with Mountains : To the Southward they 
 reach about loo Miles ; from the Ridge of thofe Mountains 
 to Mount jitlas is a very large Plain and many fhiall 
 Hills. In this Part, there are a great many Fountains which 
 meet together, and form Lakes, from whence fpring cryftal 
 Streams and pleafant Rivers. This Plain is bounded on 
 the South by Mount jitlas ; beginning Weftward at the 
 Ocean, and extending Eaftward to the Borders of Mgypt^ 
 Beyond Atlas lie the Plains of Numidla^ which ptoduce 
 plenty of Dates ; the Soil thereabouts is moftly Sand. Be- 
 tween the Land of Negroes and Numidia, lies the fandy De- 
 fart of Lilya^ in which it is true there are fome Moun- 
 tains ; but the Merchants chufe not to go that Way, 
 becaufe Thieves make it dangerous. Beyond the Defarf 
 of Libya lies the Land of Negroes^ which is chiefly a level 
 fandy Soil, excepting thofe Parts upon the River Niger^ 
 or near fome River or running Stream, which are verjp 
 fruitful. 
 
 Of the ijutld andfno^jny Mounta'ms of Afr ic2k 
 
 TH E Mountains of Barhary are more fubje<fl t» 
 Cold than Heat. For feldom comes a Gale of Wini 
 without Snow. The Mountains produce plentier of Fruits 
 than of Corn. Barley Bread is the chief Subfiftencc of 
 the Natives ; from the Mountains ifTue forth Rivers and 
 Springs. Thefe Mountains are full of fine Trees and 
 wild Beafts. But the Valleys and fm.all Hills -which 
 Jie between thefe Mountains and Mount Atlas, abound 
 in Corn, being watered with the Rivers which fpring 
 out of Atlas, and run towards the Mediterranean Sea. 
 Notwithftanding thefe Plains and Valleys produce not 
 many Woods, yet they are fruitful, as is evident in thft 
 Regions of Morocco, DuccaJa, Tedles, Temefna, Aggara, 
 ?.nd that Country near Gibraltar Streights. 
 
 The Tops of the Mountains of Atlas are very barren 
 and cold ; the Sides are cover'd with high thick Woods 
 produce little Corn, but almoft all the Rivers of Africa 
 are formed from Atlas. The Fountains are fo cold c^tn 
 in the middle of Sujnraerp that if a Man purs his Hand
 
 the NiGER-NjLE, or Gambia.' 55 
 
 m them for any confiderat»le Time» he endangers tha 
 lofinp; it. But all the Parts of ihefe Mountains are not 
 equally cold, for fome are fo temperate that they fwarni 
 with Inhabitants. The Places not inhabited are either ex- 
 tremely cold, or elfe very unpleafant, notwithftanding 
 which they feed their Cattle there in the Summer, but can- 
 not in the Winter, by reafon of the Northerly Wind, 
 which blows fo hard, and brings fuch abundance of Snow, 
 that the Cattle then there, and a great many of the Peo- 
 ple are ftarved ; fo that whoever wants to travel that Way 
 in the Winter, chufes to go between Numidia and Maurita' 
 fiia. The Merchants who bring Dates to other Nation? 
 out of Numidia, and cannot fet out before the End of 
 OSfober, are fometimes overtaken by a fudden Shower of 
 Snow, fo that perhaps all of them perjfh in it ; for when 
 it begins to fnow in the Evening, and continues all Night, 
 the Carriages and Men are covered and ftifled under it, io 
 that their dead Carcafles are not found till the Sun melt- 
 eth the Snow. I myfelf, by God's Providence, twice 
 
 narrowly efcaped being loft in the Snow. Beyond -^t- 
 
 h$ there are fome Places very hot and dry, watered with 
 very few Rivers but what flow from Atlas itfelf, fome of 
 which run into the Defarts of Libya, where they are dried 
 up with the Sands ; but there are others which form Lakes. 
 Notwithftanding thefe Places bring forth Dates in Plenty, 
 yet do they produce but little Corn. Some other Tree? 
 there are which bear Fruit, but not fo as to be of any 
 Profit, or indeed to anfwer the Trouble of tending. In 
 that Part of Numiaia near Libya, are fome barren Hills, 
 with no Trees upon them, but only a few Shrubs. There 
 are no Springs or Rivers amongft thefe Hills, nor any Wa- 
 ter but what is in Pits, which few of the Inhabitants 
 know any thing of, neither have they for fix or feven Days 
 Journey any Water but what the Merchants carry with 
 them upon Camels Backs, efpecially upon the Road from 
 Fez to Tombuto, or from Tremizen to Jgad. Were it not 
 for a very large Lake in the Road, that Journey Which the 
 Merchants have lately found out over the Defarts of Libya 
 from Fez to Akair, would be exceeding dangerous. But 
 in the Way from Fez to Tombuto arc fome Pits fuirounded 
 and paled in,' either with Camels Bones or Hides. In Sum- 
 nier Time tlie Merdiants run very ^reat Hazards of their 
 
 Z 3 Livci5
 
 3 6 T'ranJIatms from Writers, concerning 
 
 Lives in pafling that Way, for often it happens, that by 
 the South Wind all thofe Pits are filled with the Sand, and 
 when that happens, they muft inevitably perifli, and their 
 CarcafTes are ofLen found lying about, dried up with the 
 Sun. To remedy their not finding the Water Pits, and to 
 prevent their dying with Thirft, they kill one of their Ca- 
 mels ; in whofe {a) Stomach they find a good Quantity of 
 Water, which they drink, and carry about with them, till 
 it is all gone, and they die with Thirft, or till they find 
 
 fome more Water. I did intend to write more fully of 
 
 what happened to myfelf and my Companions on our Jour- 
 ney thro' the Defarts of Libya to Gualata.^ Sometimes 
 when we were athirft, we could not find any Water by 
 lofing the right Path ; at other Times our Enemies ilopt 
 up the Pits wherein Water is ufed to be. So that we took 
 veiy fparingly ; for what would hardly fcrve us for five Days, 
 we were fometimes obliged to make it hold out for ten 
 
 Days. The Land of Negroes is very hot, but is moiften- 
 
 ed by the River Niger running thro' the Middle of it, and 
 abounds with Cattle and Corn. I faw no Trees, but fome 
 great ones, which bear a bitter Fruit, like a Chefnut, cal- 
 led by them [b] Coran. There arc alfo Onions, Cucum- 
 bers, Cocoas, and fuch like Fruits and Herbs. There are 
 no Mountains in the Land of Negros:, or in Libya, but a • 
 great many Lakes and Fens, which (fome People foy) the 
 Niger left behind when it overflowed. The Woods in thefe 
 Countries abound in Elephants, and other 'wild Beafts. 
 
 Of the Qlhnate and A'tr of Africa. 
 
 COLD and ftormy Weather generally begins in Bar- 
 bary about Oclober, but it is fomewhat colder in Dc- 
 (cmlcr and 'January, — In February the Cold begins to a- 
 
 bate, 
 
 (a) \_^fomach'\ Sir H. Shane diflefled a Camel, and fou nd in 
 its Stomach certain Vcffels compofed of little Cells, which pre- 
 fcrved the Water that he drank, and could contain it many Days, 
 till hy Degrees the Stomach prefles it out. And this containing 
 the Water, makes the Camels able to travel fo many Days with- 
 out drinking. 
 
 (h) [Coran] This Fruit is called by the Natives C»/a, and i» 
 eaten by them as a great Delicacy for to reiifli Water. f'itfe 
 p. 152 in my Journal.
 
 the Niger-Nile, cr Gambia." 37 
 
 bate, and the Weather changes often. The northerly and 
 wefterly Winds generally blow in March, at which Time 
 the Trees bloflbm. The Cherries are I'ipc commonly at 
 the End of Jpril and the Beginning of May. They ga- 
 ther their Figs about the Middle of Alciy^ and their Grapes 
 are ripe in fome Places about June, and in that Month 
 and July, their Pears, Qiiinces and Damfons, are com- 
 monly ripe. Their Figs are {a) again ripe in Augujl, but 
 not fo plentiful as in September. -— In Auguji they ufually 
 dry their Grapes and make Raifms, and if they cannot li- 
 nifh in September, they then make Wine of what Grapes 
 are not gathered. In O^ober they gather the Pomegranates 
 and Quinces, and take in their Honey. In November they 
 gather their Olives, by climbing up the Trees and beating 
 them off with long Poles, notwithftanding they know it is 
 prejudicial to the Trees. There are alfo large (3live Trees, 
 the Fruit of v/hich not being fit for Oil, is eat by the Na- 
 tives. They have always three Months Spring in a Year, 
 beginning the 15 th of February, and ending the Middle of 
 May ; during which Time it is <ercne and temperate Wea- 
 ther. If between the 25 th of y/^rf/ and the 5 th of May 
 they have no Rain, they reckon it unlucky ; and what falls 
 during that Time is called by them Naifan, i. e. blelled of 
 God : SomiC keep it by them as a holy Relique. Their 
 Summer is to the i6th of AuguJl, with clear and hot 
 Weather, except fometimes Showers in July and Augujiy 
 %vhich are fo infedlious, that it brings Fevers upon thofe 
 ■who are wet with it, fo very violent, that few who l:ave it 
 recover. The Autumn is from the 17 th of AuguJI to the 
 1 6th of November ; but in Augufl and September it is not fo 
 hot as before. From the 15th of Auguji to the 15 of Sep- 
 tember is called the Furnace of the Year, and in that Sea- 
 fon it is, that the Qiiinces, Figs, and fuch kind of Fruit-; 
 are ripe,' and in their Luflre. Their Winter is from the 
 i5Lh of November to the 15th of February. As" foon as in 
 begins they till their plain Ground ; but in Oilober they 
 plow that on the Mountains. The Africans are firmly of 
 Opinion, that there are 40 exceeding hot Days following 
 
 (a) [Again ripe in Augufl?^ In hot Countries the Figs produce 
 twice a Year ; for the little green Figs which with us dry and 
 wither upon the Trees, would, if there were lufficient Heat and 
 Moifture, grow to Perfedion in Autumn. 
 
 Z 4 the
 
 36 uranjidtions jrom writers, concerning 
 
 the nth of Jtine^ and the fame Number of very cold Days 
 immediately fucceeding the 12th of December. Their E- 
 quinod:ia are the 16th of March and the i6th of Septem- 
 ber. Their Solftitia they reckon the i6th of June and the 
 16 th of December. They are curious Obfervers in ihefe 
 Thing?, as theyare alfo in Husbandr)', Navigation and Aftro- 
 mv, which they teach their Children when very young. 
 Tiiere are a great many People in Jfrica, who, tho' they 
 cannot read, yet will difcourfe of Aftrology in a learned 
 Mmner, and bring good Reafons for what they fay. 
 Whatever Knowledge they have in Aftrology, they had it 
 originally from the Latins^ and call their Months by the 
 fame Names as (a) they do. They have a large Book in three 
 Volumes, called the Treafury of Hiijbandry. When Manfor 
 was Lord of Granada., this Book was tranflated from the 
 Latin into their Language, in which is every thing relating 
 to Husbandry ; fuch as Change of Weather, Manner of 
 fowing, and abundance of other Things, which I don't 
 believe are now to be found in the Latin Tongue, notwith- 
 flanding this was at firft tranflated from it. In regard to 
 their Law or Religion, they compute by the Courfe of the 
 Moon. Their Year is 354 Days j for to fix Months they 
 give but 30 Days each, and to the other fix but 29 j 
 which is the Reafon of its being eleven Days lefs than the 
 Year of the Latins. Some Part of Autumn, all Winter, 
 and the Spring, they have bluftering Winds, with Thun- 
 der, Lightning and Hail, and in fome Parts of Barbary a ' 
 great deal of Snow. The Eaft:, South, and South-Eaft 
 Winds, v/hich blow in May or jtaie^ do a great deal of 
 Hurt, by fpoiling the Corn and preventing the Ripening 
 the Fruits. The Snow likewife hurts their Corn. On the 
 Mountains of Atlas they divide the Year into no more than 
 two Parts. The Winter continues from O^ober to April ; 
 and from April to O^ober, Summer ; but the Tops of 
 the Mountains are covered with Snow all the Year round. 
 In Numidia they gather their Corn in May., and their Dates 
 in O^ober ; from September to January is Winter ; but 
 if September is rainy, they have a'bad Crop of Dates. All 
 the Numidian Fields are watered by the Rivers, but if Atlas 
 Mountains have no Rain fall upon them, then the Rivers 
 
 (o) [Treafury of Husbandry.'] Varro tranflated it into Arabic v^ 
 the Reign of Uanfor King al Granada. 
 
 grow
 
 the Niger-Nile, or Gambia. 39 
 
 grow dry, and the Fields want watering. If O£loher brings 
 no Rnin, there is no Hopes of a good Crop ; neither ii 
 there if it does not rain in Aprils iho' the Dates grow bet- 
 ter without Rain, which, in Numidia^ are more plenty 
 than Corn ; for which they barter Dates with the Arabijm. 
 If the Weather changes in O^ober zxid December, and January 
 and fome Part of February prove rainy, it is furprifing to 
 fee what Abundance of Grafs it produces in the Libyan De- 
 farts. Then there are Fens and Lakes to be found every 
 where ; whicli makes it the properelt Time for the Mer- 
 chants of Barbary to travel to the Country of the Ntgroes. 
 If moderate Showers happen to come in July, it rijiens the 
 Fruit much. But in the Land of the Negroes the Rain 
 does neither Good nor Hurt. For the River Niger, vnih. 
 the Water which falls from fome Mountains, moiftens the 
 Ground fo much, that no Places can be more fruitful ; 
 for Niger to the Land of Negroes, is the fame as Nilus to 
 the Land of /Egypt ; and the River Niger (a) increafes like 
 unto Nilus for 40 Days after the 15 th of June, and de- 
 creafes after that for the fame Number, And wliillt 
 it increafes, one may go in Canoes all over the Land of 
 Negroes, 
 
 BOOK II. 
 
 HAVE before given an Account of the Towns, and 
 Divifions, and other memorable Things of Africa ; now 
 I will defcribe the Provinces. We fhall begin at the 
 Weft Part of Africa, and go on EalbA'ard to the Borders 
 of Mgypt. 
 
 Of the Region of He a, lying on the Wefl of 
 Africa. 
 
 TjE A is one of the Provinces of Morocco, bounded on 
 •*^ the Weft and North by the main Ocean, Southward 
 by the Mountains of Atlas, and Eaftward with the River 
 Esfivalo, which fprings out of the faid Mountains, runs 
 
 into 
 
 {d) This might be tiue at Tombuto ; but the Time of the Rifing and 
 Falling of the River below />f/iffW/i is not certain. It rifesiorae- 
 times in July, and fomctimcs not till ^ugujl j and fometincies begiQ* 
 not to fall till QSohiT, Fid, my Journal, p. 174.
 
 j^o 7ra}iJlatiofts from Writers, concernvig 
 
 into the River Tenfift^ and divides Hea from another Pro- 
 vince. 
 
 The Soil of this Country of Hea is rough and uneven, 
 full of ftony Hills, Woods thick with Trees, and Rivers all 
 over it, and is very rich, and well inhabited. They have 
 amongll them great Numbers of Goats and Afles, but not 
 fo many Oxen, Horfes and Sheep. 
 
 Of r/;^ In HABITANTS of the Begimitng of 
 Mount ATLAS. 
 
 'Tp H E mofl Part of the Inhabitants of Hea live upon 
 "*• Hills ; fome are called Ideuacal : Such are they who 
 live upon that Part of Jtlas, which extends as far as Igilin- 
 S'lgil Eaftward from the Sea, and which parts Hea from Sus. 
 I my felf was three Days crofling this Mountain from Te- 
 fethne to Mejfa. Every one that knows this Country, is 
 lenfible how full it is of Towns and People, They live 
 upon Goats Flefh, Barley and Honey. They wear no Shirts, 
 nor any Garments fewed together, becaule none of them 
 know how to few with a Needle, Their Garment is a 
 Mantle, which they tie with a Knot over their Shoulders. 
 Their Women wear filver Rings in their Ears, They 
 fometimes fallen their Apparel upon their Shoul- 
 ilers with lilvcr (a) Button?, fome of them fo large that 
 they weigh an Ounce. The richer Sort of People wear 
 Rings of Silver upon their Legs and fingers j but thofe who 
 cannot afford Silver, wear Copper or Iron Rings, There 
 are fome Horfes in this Country wonderful fmall, and very 
 iwift. They have plenty of Hares, Deer, and \^^\\A Goats ; 
 hut the People care little for hunting. They have likewife 
 a good many Springs and Trees, efpecially \Valnut-Trees, 
 They change their Places of Living often, as the Arabians 
 do. They ufe a fort of a Dagger crooked like a Wood- 
 Knife, and Swords as thick as Scythes, They are very ig- 
 norant of Learning, and have no Pricfts, Judges nor Mofques. 
 They are (b) lewd and vile,and give themfclves up to all kind 
 
 of 
 
 (a) [ButtoKs] This was the Manner of the ancient Rtmatn 
 faftening their Garments, the Button was called Bulla, or Fibula j 
 and thele Feople being fafe in unaccelTible Mountains, may have 
 prcferved many cf the Roman CuUbms. 
 
 (h) [leixd an/i ■vile'] Leo, an Arabian Ltiwyer, and half a Prieft, 
 deteftcd thofe who conformed not to the Craft ; againft which thef« 
 Remains of the Reman Colonies preferve'd their Freedom.
 
 the Niger-Nile, or Gambia. 41 
 
 of Wickednefs. This Mountain, I heard fay, could raiff 
 upon Occafion 20,000 Soldiers. 
 
 Of the Region <?/ S U S. 
 
 IT lies beyond Atlas overagainft the Territory of Hea^ 
 in the extream Part of Africa. It begins Weftward 
 from 'the Sea, and Southward from the Sandy Deferts ; the 
 fartheft Town of Hea bounds it on the North, and the 
 great River Sus on the Eaft. In this Region are tlie Cities 
 and Towns following, vi%. MeJJ'a^ Teijeut, Tarodant^ Tedfi 
 and Tagauoj}., a Caftle called GartgueJJ'em^ and the Mountains 
 Hanchija and Ilalem. 
 
 Tedfi is a large Town, built a great many Years fince hjr 
 the Africans^ in a very pleafant and plentiful Place ; in it 
 are above 4000 Families ; it is 30 Adiles Eaftvvard of Tcro- 
 dant^ 60 from the Sea, and 20 from Atlas. Kere is plenty 
 of Corn and Sugar. A great many Merchants come hither 
 from the Land of Negroes to trade. The Citizens live in 
 Peace with their Neighbours, and Amity with each others ; 
 and the Commonwealth is very fiourifhing. It is governed 
 by Six Magillrates, who arc chofen by Lots ; the Governor 
 is chofen every 16 Months : The River Sus is 3 Miles from 
 it. There were many ynvs, who were Goldfmiths, Car- 
 penters, and of other Trades. There was a very fine A-lofque, 
 with a great many Priefts, who were maintained at the pub- 
 lick Charge. Their Aiarket was on a Monday ; to which- 
 came a great many Arabians^ both of the Mountains and 
 the Plains. In the 920th Year of the Hegeira^ the People 
 of this City furrendred themfelves to the Serilib ; at which 
 time the Common-Council was there eredted. 
 
 Tagoujl is the nobleft City of all Sus ; it contains above 
 8000 Families ; the Walls are built of rough Stones : It is 
 about 60 Miles from thaSea; thelnhabitants are divided into 
 ^Fadiions, a good manyTradefmen and Shops among them: 
 They are at civil War one with another, the Arahiam 
 favouring that Party which pay them belt Their Wool is 
 coarfe ; and they have abundance of Cattel and Corn. They 
 make Garments in this City, which are carried by the Mer- 
 chants every Year to Tonibuto and Giialata, and other Parts 
 of the Land of Negroes. They have a Market twice a 
 Week ; they are decent in their Drefs , the Women arc 
 ^andfome, but the Men fwarthy and tawny; thole who 
 
 have
 
 4.2 Tranjlat'ions frojfi Writers, concerning 
 
 have mod Riches have moft Authority. I my felf was there 
 in the 919 th Year of the Hegeh'a^ Anno Dom. 15 10. 
 
 The Region of MOROCCO. 
 
 IT begins Weftward from the Mountain of Nefifa^ and 
 extends to the Mountain of Hadimei Eiftward, and 
 Northward to that Place where the Rivers Tenfift and 
 Asfinualmttx^ viz.. upon the Eallcrn Border of Hea. It 
 is, in a manner, Triangular, a very pleafant Country, and 
 abounds with Cattel ; it is very fertile, and produces every 
 thing that delights the Senfes of Sight and Smell ; it is i 
 plain Country like to Lombardy ; the Mountains which fur- 
 round it are' barren and cold, and produce nothing but 
 Barley. 
 
 Cf the Great City of MOROCCO. 
 
 ' 'yi^Orocco v;as amongft the largeft Cities of the World, 
 •"^ and the nobleft in Jfrica ; it was built by Jofephy Sot^ 
 to Tcsfin., King of the Moorifh Tribe of Luntuna.—l\. was 
 built with the Advice of excellent Artifts, and took in a 
 g:reat Circuit of Ground ; and in the Reign of Hcili^ Son to 
 K^mgjofephy it confided of 100,000 Hearths^ and was for- 
 tified with ftrong Walls and Towers beautifully built of 
 Free-Stone ; the River Tenfift ran within 6 Miles of it. In 
 this City were great Numbers of Mofques, and Colleges for 
 Law and Hiftory, in which they purfued their Studies in the 
 African Method. The Mofque of Hali Ben Jcfeph Hood in 
 the midft of this City, a moll magnificent Edifice. There 
 was another Mofque that ftood near the Callle, which 
 Manfor enlarged by carrying round it on all Sides a Portico 
 50 Cubits wide, adorned with Pillars, which he had caufed 
 to be brought from Spain. Underneath he made a Cifterrt 
 as large as the Mofque it felf, which being cover'd with Lead, 
 the Rain that fell on the Top fupplied the Ciftern under- 
 neath. He added alfo a Tower _built of hewn Stone, the 
 Stones as large, and put together in the fame manner, 39 
 thofe of Vefpaf\Gn^% Amphitheatre at Rome. This Tower 
 was 100 Tufcan Ells in Circumference, and higher than the 
 Tower of AfcneUi at Bologna. Upon the Top of this 
 Tower ftood a Spire Ihaped like an Obelisk, which was a- 
 
 bout
 
 //^(? Niger- Nile, or Gambia. 45 
 
 bout 36 Foot in Height. Upon the Top of the Obelisk 
 was a Balcony of excellent Workmanfliip, and it was fi- 
 niflied with 3 Balls of Silver one above the other, thelowcft 
 by much the largeft. From the Balcony the Height was 
 fo great, that one could not look down without Giddinefs ; 
 you could fee from hence all the Plains of Morocco lying 
 under you, and the Mountain o^ A-zaphl^ 130 Miles diftant. 
 This was the largeft Mofquc in the World, and not inferior 
 in Workmanfhip to any Church that I have feen in Italy, 
 It is now but little frequented, the City of Morocco being 
 much decay'd ; the Streets round the Temple are all in 
 Ruins, and the Houfes fallen in them, in fuch a manner, 
 that it is difficult climbing over them. In the Portico round 
 the Mofque Bookfcllers Shops ufed to be kept ; and tho' there 
 were formerly in this Place only an hundred of them, there 
 is but one now left in all Morocco^ and that meanly furnifh- 
 ed, and the poor City has loft above two Thirds of its Inha- 
 bitants ; the Places where Streets ftood within the Walls, are 
 now planted within Palm-Trees and other Fruits. 
 
 There was a Caftle equal in Bignefs to a little City, the 
 Walls were ftrong and high, the Gates were lofty, and built 
 of Marble. In the midft of the Caftle was a magnificent 
 Mofque, with a beautiful Tower, upon the Top of which 
 there were three Balls of Gold, one under another, faften- 
 ed with an Iron Bar run thro' them ; they were reckoned 
 together to weigh 130,000 Ducats, and the fuperftitious 
 People believe them to be prefen-ed by Magick, or fome 
 fupernatural Power ; which had taken fo deep Root, that 
 in our Time the King of Morocco^ intending to make ufe of 
 that Gold for his Defence againft the Portguefe, w^as by the 
 Superftition of the People prevented. In the Caftle was a 
 College, in which were three long Chambers, where great 
 Numbers of Scholars ufed to lodge ; and in the Court was 
 a noble Hall,, where Ledures were formerly read to them. 
 When this City flourifhed, all thefe Scholars had Food and 
 Raiment, and the Profeflbrs Penfions from the King propor- 
 tionable to their Learning. The Apartments were adorned 
 with Mofaic Work, and Dutch Tiles. In the middle of the 
 Square of the Caftle was a beautiful Fountain of white 
 Marble, Of all the Students there are now but five, and 
 one Profellbr, and he iUiterate. 
 
 There was alfo a Granary for Wheat, the Roof of which 
 was fiat ; the Stairs or Afcent was mad<; fo eafy, that load- 
 ed
 
 44 Jranflations from Writers, ccncenting 
 
 eJ Horfes went up to the top^ where there was a Hole, into 
 which they (hooted the Corn fo as to fall down into the 
 M;igazine, and they had Entrances below, which they open'd 
 and let the Corn run out at. There were alfo in the faid 
 Caftle twelve Courts, finely built by King Manfor. In the 
 firll there were formerly about 500 Chrijiians, who carried 
 Crofsbows before the King. Near that was the Lord-Chan- 
 cellor's Apartment, as alfo that of the King's Privy-Coun- 
 cil, which was call'd the Houfe of Affairs ; another was 
 cail'd the Court of Vi^iory^ becaufe in it was kept the Am- 
 munition and Arms of the City. Another of the Courts 
 belonged to the Great Mailer of the King's Hcrfe. Three 
 Stables ioin'd to this, each of which held 200 Horfes. 
 There were alfo two other Stables, one for Mules, and the 
 other for 100 of the King's Horfes only. Next to the 
 Stables were two Magazines, one for Strav,', the other for 
 Barley. There was alfo an Hall, which ferved for a School 
 for the King's and Noblemcns Sons. Near this was a large 
 Four-fquare Building, which contained a great many Galle- 
 ries with Glafs-Windows ; many Hiftories were finely paint- 
 ed in the Galleries, and the gilt and bright Armour was 
 there to be feen. Next to this \vas another Building, in 
 which fome of the King's Guard lay next to that was the 
 Place where State Matters were difputed ; and adjoining to 
 it was the Place for Ambaffadors to confer with the King's 
 Privy-Council ; there was alfo a proper Apartment for the 
 King's Concubines and other Ladies, and next to it the King's 
 Sons lodged. On that Side next the Fields, not far from 
 the Wall of the Caftle, was a large pleafant Garden, in 
 which was a Colledtion of almoft all kinds of Trees ; there 
 was alfo a magnificent Portico built of fine fquare Marble. 
 in the middle of which was a Lion of Marble, out of whofe 
 Mouth a Stream of Water ran as clear as Cryftal, which fell 
 into a Ciftern witliin the Portico ; and at each Corner of the 
 Portico thci-e ftood a Leopard of white Marble, naturally 
 fpottcd with Black ; this fort of Marble v.as found no where 
 but in Mount Athi^ about 150 Miles from Morocco. Near 
 the Garden was a Park walled round, in which were kept all 
 kinds of wild Beafts, vi%. Lions, Elephants, Stags, Roes, 
 isc. and at this time that Place is called the UorCs Den. 
 Tho' there are now but few Monuments of Antiquity in 
 Morocco ; yet thofe that are, do fufficiently (how, that it 
 was a noble City in the Time of Manfor. The Courts and 
 
 Apart-
 
 the Niger-Nile, or Gambia. 45 
 
 Apartments beforementioned, do now lie defolate ; unlefs 
 it be one in which the King's Grooms who look after 
 his Horfes and Mules do Hill lie. The reft is left to the 
 Fowls of the Air to build Nefts in. That Garden, 
 which might well have been called a Paradife, ferves 
 
 now to receive the Dung and Naftinels of the City. 
 
 That Man/or^ which we have fo fpoken of, was cer- 
 tainly a great and mighty Prince ; for his Dominion 
 reached from the Town of Mejfa to the Kingdom of Tri- 
 polls in Barbary, which is the beft Region in all Africa^ 
 and fo large, that the Length of it is "70 Days Travel 
 for a Man, and the Breadth at leaft 15. This Man/or 
 was alfo King of Granada ; nay, his Territories in Spain 
 reached from Tarlffa to Arragon^ and over Part of Por- 
 tugal and Cajtlle. His Grandfather, his Father, himfelf, 
 and his Son Mahumet E?iajir, poffelfed all the aforefaid 
 Dominions ; but the latter being overcome in the King- 
 dom of Valejtcla^ with the Lofs of 60,000 Horfe and 
 Foot, with much ado efcaped to Morocco. This Con- 
 queft fo encouraged the Chriftians, thai they purfued 
 their Victories, and in thirty Years Time were got in 
 Pofleflion of the following Towns, vl%. Valencia^ Denla^ 
 Alcauro, Miircla, Cartagena^ Cordoua^ Slvlllla, Jaen, and 
 Ubeda, After this the Decay of Morocco began. Mahu- 
 met Enafir died, leaving ten Sons, all grown up 5 they 
 contending for the Kingdom, the Marine Tribe took 
 the Opportunity of it, and ufurped the Government. 
 The People called Hahdulvad^^ took Pofleflion of Treml- 
 xeny turned out the King of Tunis, and appointed ano- 
 ther in his room. Now I have given you an Account 
 of the End of Man/or and his Succeflbrs ; after which 
 one Jacob, the Son of Habdulach, was the firft King of 
 the Marin Family. Laftly, the noble City of Moj-occu 
 fell to Ruins, by Reafon of the Outrages which the A- 
 rablans continually made. This fliews'the Uncertainty 
 of all worldly Things. What we have here mentioned 
 about Morocco, we faw Part of it happen in our Time, 
 and Part we read in the Hiftory of one Ibnu Abdul 
 Mallch, an exadl Hiltoriographer of what concerned Mo- 
 rocco, and other Parts we took from that Book concern- 
 ing the Makomstan Law which we ourfelves wrote. 
 
 7/y
 
 4^ ^ranjfalions from Writers, concerning 
 The Region of Gvzzula* 
 
 THIS Region is very populous ; on the Weft it join* 
 to Ml, a Mountain of Sus ; on the North to Jt/aSy 
 and extends Eaftward to the Region of i/^t?. The Inha- 
 bitants have plenty of Cattel, but httle Money ; and they 
 are fierce and favage. — l^hey have no Governor or King, 
 and are at War continually with one another. 
 
 BUCCAL J Region- 
 
 THIS Region begins Weftward from the River Ten/iff ; 
 tlie Ocean bounds it on the Norths the River Habi4 
 on the South, and the River Omirabih on the Eaft. It is 
 two D.iys Journey broad, and about three Days long. It 
 is ver)^ populous ; the Inhabitants are rude and ignorant. 
 It hath but a few walled Cities, viz. Azaphi, Conta, Ttt^ 
 Ehnedina, Centum, Putei, Suheit, TmneracoJ}^ Terga, Bu-^ 
 lahuariy Azamur, and Meramei^ and the Mountains of 
 
 Bcnimegher, and that called the Green Mountain. 
 
 Bukhuan Hands upon the Side of Omirabih River, con- 
 fifting of about 500 Families. There was a noble Hofpi- 
 tal, containing a great Number of Apartments, in which 
 all Strangers pafllng that Way were elegantly entertained 
 at the common Expence of the Town. The People have 
 abundance of Corn and Cattle ; fome of them reap 2000 
 or 3c 00 Meafures of Corn in a Year. In the 919th Year 
 of the Hcgeirct, the Brother of the King of Fez was fent 
 out Governor of Duccala Region ; who coming to this 
 Town, was acquainted that the Pcrtugiieze Captain or 
 General was coming tliere with a great Force to deftroy 
 the Town and make Prifoners of the People. He there- 
 tipon fent 800 Archers and 2000 Horfemen to defend it ; 
 but unfortunately it happened, that at the very Inftant they 
 were entering tb.€ Town, there arrived a great Number of 
 Portugueze Soldiers, accompanied by 2000 Arabians ; who, 
 being more in Number than the others, they fell upon 
 them, and flew every one of the Archers, except about 
 twelve, who faved themfelves by flying along with the 
 Horfemen to the next Mountains. I myfelf was prefent at 
 Ihis Fij;ht, mounted on a iwilr Horfe about a Mile di- 
 
 ftant
 
 ih Nicer-Nile, or Gambia'. 4)r 
 
 ftant from the Town ; being then travelling from Fez to 
 Morocco, with a Meflage from one King to the other. 
 
 Azamur was built by the old Africam upon the Sea, near 
 the Mouth of the River Ommirabih, about 30 Miles from 
 Ehnadina. It is large, and well peopled, containing about 
 5000 Families. A good many Portugueze Merchants in- 
 habit this Place. The Inhabitants are very civil, and drefs 
 themlelves decently. They are divided into two Parties ; 
 notwithftanding which, they live peaceably. Their Or - 
 chards produce nothing but Figs, but they have great Plen- 
 ty of Corn and Pulfe. Their Fifhing is worth 6 or 7000 
 Ducats a Year to them; it \2A.sli:om0^ober xo April. 
 The Portugueze ufed to trade here for Fiih every Year ; 
 the Gain of which induced them often to attempt the fur- 
 prifing and taking of this Town. The firft Fleet they 
 fent, was, by the Indifcretion of the General, difperfed 
 at Sea, and a great Part loft. Afterwards they fent fuch 
 a Fleet, that at the very Sight of it the Citizens fled, 
 and that fo precipitately, that there were 80 Perfons killed 
 by thronging out at the Gates ; and a Prince, who came 
 to help them, was obliged to be let down by a Rope o- 
 ver the back Walls of the City. It was a piteous Sight 
 to fee how the poor old Men, and tender weak Women 
 and their Children, fled away barefooted. Before ever 
 the Portugueze attacked the Town, the Jews, who lived 
 therein, opened the Gates to let them in, on Condition 
 that no Injury fhould be done unto them. The Inhabi- 
 tants, after they were drove out, difperfed themfelves fome 
 to Sala^ and fome to Fez. The People of this Tov\'n 
 were abominably given over to the deteftable Sin of So- 
 domy, and I believe, for that Reafon, it was that God 
 fufFered this Afflidion to happen to them. 
 
 The Green Mountain. 
 
 IT is very high, and divides Diiccala from Part of Ted- 
 les. It begins Eaftward from Ommirabih River, and 
 runs Weftward to the Hills called Hafara. It is rough, 
 ■and very woody, produces Pijie Apples and Acorns 
 and a red Fruit, which the Italians call Africam. 
 Upon this Mountain there are a good many Flermitf, 
 who live upon what the Woods afford j thers are alfo 
 A a fome
 
 48 Tninjlations from Writers, concerning 
 
 fome Fountains, as alfo old Houfes nnd Praying-Places. 
 There is a Lake at the f'oot of this Mountain which re- 
 fembles that of Bolfcna in Italy : In it are A^ift Num- 
 bers of Eels, Pickrels, and other Fifli. Once I was 
 witii Mahomet, King of Fez, when he was marching this 
 tVay to Morocco, and encamped a Week upon the Lake- 
 Sidc. Some of his Company fifhed in it ; a good many 
 of whom I faw take their Coats and Shirts off, and only 
 fowing up the Collars and Sleeves, they put Hoops into 
 them, and ufed them for Nets, in which they caught 
 many Thoufands of Fifli ; tho' not near fo many as thofe 
 who had Nets indeed. The Reafon of their catching 
 fuch great Numbers was this : The King being accompa- 
 nied with 14,000 Jrabicif I Horkmcu, who brought a great 
 many Camels ; and his Brother having 5000 Horfemen 
 under his Command, and a vaft Army of Foot, he or- 
 dered them all at once to enter the Lake, which fcarce 
 contained Water enough to fatisfy the Cattle. Trees 
 grow upon the Sides of this Lake, in which there ai-e fuch 
 Numbers of Turtle-Doves, that the People thereabouts 
 make a great Commodity of them. Eight Days King 
 Mahomet Hayed to refrefh himfelf by this Lake ; that 
 Time ended, he went to fee the Green Mountain, with 
 a great many Attendants : I alfo went with him. After 
 he had viewed the Mountain, he went a hunting and 
 hawking, whereby we caught plenty of wild Geefe, Tur- 
 
 tle-Doves, and Ducks. The next Day he went a- 
 
 broad with his Hounds, Eagles, and Faulcons, and killed 
 a great many Hares, Porcupines, Roe-Bucks, Wolves, 
 Qiiails and Deers ; no 'wonder we had fuch fine Sport, 
 when there had not been any Hunting here for a Hun- 
 dred Years before. After fome Stay here, the King, with 
 his Army, marched to Ehnad'w, a Town of Duccala ; but 
 I was fent with a good Number of Soldiers upon an 
 Embafly to Morocco. 
 
 The Region ^/HASCORA. 
 
 IT is bounded, on the Weft, with a River running by 
 the Foot of the Mountain of Hadimmci ; on the North, 
 with a Ridge of Hills joining to Duccala ; Eaftv\ ard by ^a- 
 delkab'J Ri\cr, wiiich parts TeJlei from Hafcora. 'I'he Peo- 
 ple
 
 the Niger-Kile, or GAMBiAi 49 
 
 le of this Region are more civil than thofe of Duccala. 
 t produces plenty of Oil, Morocco Skins, and Goats, of 
 the Hair of which they make Saddles and Cloths. The 
 neighbouring Countries bring hither their Goat-Skins, of 
 which the Morocco Leather is made. The Portuguezt 
 trade with them pretty largely, giving them Cloth ia 
 barter for their Saddles and Leather. This Country fup- 
 plies fome of the Arabians with Oil and other Necefla- 
 I'ies. In this Region are the Towns of Elmadin^ Alem- 
 din, Tagodajl, Elgiumiiha and Bzo ; and the Mountains 
 TeneueSf Tenfita^ Gogideme and Tefeuon. 
 
 Elmadin is built upon the Side of Atlas^ and contains 
 above 2000 Families j it lies about 90 Miles Ealtward 
 from Morocco, and 60 from Duccala. 
 
 Alemdin Hands four Miles to the Weft of Elmadin, in 
 a Valley between four Hills. — 
 
 Tagodajl is built upon a high Hill, with four others 
 round about it : Between the Town and thofe Hills 
 are fine Gardens, which produce abundance of Fruit. 
 They have plenty of Vines, which make natural Walks 
 and Bowers ; the Grapes are red, and fo large, that in 
 their Language they call them Hens Eggs. They have 
 a great deal of Oyl and Honey ; the latter both v,-hite 
 and yellow. Mere are a great many Fountains, which u- 
 nite, and fupply feveral Water Mills near the Town. The 
 People are civil, and their Women handfome, and finely 
 decked. 
 
 Elgiumuha ftands within five Miles of Tagodaji, built 
 on the Top of a high Hill, cotitaining about 500 Fa- 
 milies. 
 
 Bzo is ah ancient Town, about twenty Miles to the 
 Weftward of Elgiumuha : The River Guadelhabid runs 
 within three Miles of it. 
 
 The Mountains of Teneuei lie oVer-againft Hafcora, 
 upon that Part of Atlas which rUnneth Southwardly^ 
 Here are a great many brave Men, and a great many 
 Horfcs of low Stature. It produces a good deal of Bar- 
 ley and Wood, but has no orher Grain but Barley. 
 Here is Snow to be feen at all Times of the Year : 
 The Nobility, which are numerous, are fubjcd to a Prince^ 
 to whom they pay an annual Tribute to maintain his 
 Soldiers, he being continually at War with the People of 
 Teh/ita. This Prince hath always about him 1000 ftout 
 A rt 2 Horle-i
 
 yo Iranjlatms from Writers, concemng 
 
 Horfemen, and the Noblemen of this Mountain keep a- 
 bout the fami? Number at their own Charge. To attend his 
 Perfon he has about lOO Bowmen and Harquebufiers. Once 
 I went to fee this Mountain, where I happened to meet 
 that Prince, who, I beheve, had no Equal for Courtefy 
 and Civihty. He loved the Arabian Tongue, tho' he did 
 not under'lbnd it well, and Avas proud of hearing any 
 thing conftrued to him which was wTote in Praife of him- 
 felf. IVheyi tny (<?) Uncle was fent to Tombuto as Ambajfador 
 from the Kvi^ of Fez, / went along with him : As foon 
 as w^e were got into the Region of Dara^ a hundred Miles 
 from this Prince's Dominions, he hearing of the Fame 
 of my Uncle, as a very good Orator, and excellent 
 Poet, fent to the Prince of Dara^ to defire he would 
 perfuade my Uncle to pafs by Teneues on his "Way to Toni- 
 buto, that he might have the Satisfaction of feeing and 
 converfing with him. My Uncle lent Word that he could 
 not delay his Mafter's Bufmefs to go out of the Way to 
 vifit any Prince ; but to fatisfy his Curiofity in fornc 
 meafure, he lent me to him to compliment hirii. I took 
 Prefents to him, which confifted of a fine Pair of Stirrups 
 double gilt, and wrought after the Moorifl) Falhion, which 
 coft 25 Ducats ; a rich Pair of Spurs of 15 Ducats, two 
 Girdles of Silk intermixt with Gold, one tawny, the o- 
 therblue. He fent likewife a fine Book of the Lives of 
 fome famous Men of Africa^ and fome Verfes ih Praife of 
 the Prince himfelf. On the Road I made a Copy of Verfes 
 in Commendation of the Prince, and carried two Horfernen 
 to bear me Company. When w^e arrived there, the Prince 
 and his Attendants were gone a hunting : As foon as he 
 knew I was come, he fent for me, and I prefented him 
 my Uncle's Prefents, and when I gave him my Uncle's 
 Verfes he immediately ordered one of his Secretaries to 
 read them ; the Prince, while they were expounding, 
 icemed wonderfully delighted with them. After he had 
 done with the Verfes, he fat down to Supper, and ordered 
 me to fit next to him. — Supper ended, we went to Bed. 
 The next Morning I breakfafted with him, after which 
 he gave me a hundred Ducats for a Prefent to my Uncle, 
 and for myfclf 50 Ducats and a good Horfe ; and to each 
 of my Servants he gave ten Ducats. He told mc, that 
 the hundred Ducats to my Uncle, was not in Return for 
 
 his 
 {a) Lco'sUndej Ambajadcr to Tomhuio,
 
 the NiGER-NiLE, cr Gambia. 51 
 
 hi* Prefents, but for his Copy of Verfes. He ordered one 
 of his Secretaries to fhew us the Way, and fo I returned 
 to my Uncle. 
 
 The Region of Tedles begins Weftward at tiie River 
 Guadelhabid, and extends to that Part of the large River 
 Ommirabih where Giiadelhabid begins. To the South it bor- 
 ders upon Atlas^ and llretches northward to that Place 
 where Gmdelhabid falls into Ommirabih. This Region is 
 three-fquare ; for Ommirabih River and Guaddhabid fpring 
 both put of Atlas, and run northward, till by degrees they 
 meet all in one. 
 
 In this Region is the Town of Tefza., \^'hich is the 
 chief, built by the Africans on the Side of Mount Atksy 
 the Walls of which are of fine Marble, by them called 
 Tefza J from whence the Town is named. A great 
 many rich Merchants live in this Town, and about 200 
 Families of Jews. 
 
 Efza ftands two Miles from Tefza,^ upon a little Hill at 
 the 'Bottom of Mount Atlas ; containing about 600 Fa- 
 milies, moftly Tradefmen and Hufbandmen, who are fub- 
 jedl to the Governor of Tefza. 
 
 Cithcrib lies upon a lofty Hill, ten Miles from 
 Efza, well inhabited by rich People. This was built by 
 the Africans ; the Fields near it are full of Vineyards and 
 Gardens, producing a great deal of Fruit. — 
 
 Eithiad is about twelve Miles from Citherib, built upoM 
 a fmali Hill of Atlas, by the Africans. Towards the Moun- 
 tain there is a Wall, but towards the Plain it is naturally 
 jortified by Rocks. It contains about 300 Families. 
 
 The Mountain of Segghetm begins Wellward from that 
 of Tefauon ; it reaches Eallward to Mount Magron, out of 
 which the River Ommirabih takes its Beginning : South- 
 ward it borders upon Mount Dedes. The Inhabitants are 
 originally defcended from the People of Zanaga j they are 
 warlike and comely. 
 
 The Mountain of Magran begins to the Weftward of 
 Scggheme, bordering to the South upon the Region of Far- 
 tala, near the Defari of Libya, and extends Eaftward to 
 the Mount of Dedes. I myfelf was in this Mountain, as I 
 travelled from Dara to Fez, 
 
 Dedes is a cold high Mountain, containing a great many 
 
 Woods and Springs. It is about eighty Miles long : It 
 
 begins Wellvrard at Magran ; Southward it borders upon 
 
 A a 3 T^c/^a
 
 52 "Tranjlations from Writers, concerning 
 
 Todga Plains, and reaches almofl; to the Mountain of Adejan. 
 Formerly there was a City built \ipon the very Top of 
 this Mountain, of which a few Ruins are ftill to be feen. 
 Some think it was built by the Romania but I never found 
 any thing of it mentioned by any African Author ; only 
 Senffo Effacallu in one of his Stories, fays that Tedft is 
 near Dara and SegelmeJJ'e, but does not fay whether or no it 
 
 is built upou Mount Dedes. The Inhabitants d ivell 
 
 under Ground in Caves, whofe Food is Elhafid and 
 Barley. Goats and Afles they have in great Plenty : 
 The Caves where they put their Cattle abound in Salt 
 Petre ; which, if it were near Italy^ would, I believe, be 
 worth 25,000 Ducats a Year j but thefe People have no 
 Way of ufmg it. 
 
 BOOK ni. 
 
 The Kmgdom of FEZ. 
 
 TjEgins Weftward at the River Ommirabihy and reaches 
 ^ Eaftward to the River Mulvia ; it is bounded on the 
 North, partly by the Ocean and partly by the Mediterra- 
 nean Sea. It is divided into feven Provinces, viz. Temef- 
 na^ Fez, Azgar, Ethabet, Errif Caret and Elchauz j e- 
 very one of which had formerly a feparate Governor, 
 
 Temefna., a Province of Fez, begins at Ommirabih Well- 
 ward, and reaches to Buragrag River Eaftward : The 
 South Part lies upon AtlaSy and the North upon the Ocean. 
 It is all a plain Countr}', about 80 Miles from Weft to 
 Eaft, and about 60 from North to South. This is the 
 principal Province of all the feven, and contains 300 Ca- 
 illes and 40 great Towns j all peopled by Barbarian 
 Jfricans. 
 
 Anfa, a Town of Temefna, was built upon the Sea 
 Shore, hy the Romans, 60 Miles Northward of Atlas. Its 
 Situation is more pleafant than any other Town in all 
 Jfrica. 
 
 Nuchaila is a little Town almoft in the Middle of Temef 
 tia ; formerly it was well inhabited, and produced fuch Plen- 
 ty of Corn, that they gave a Camel Load for a Pair of 
 Shoes. 
 
 Adcndum
 
 the Niger-Nile, or Gambia. f^ 
 
 Adendum was formerly a Town of Temefna^ about fifteen 
 Miles from Atla^^ and twenty-five from Niuhaila ; bur 
 there is now to be fcen only fome of the Ruins. 
 
 Tegeget lies upon the Side of Ommirablh River, clofe to 
 the Road from Tedles to Fez. 
 
 Haiti Ekhallu is a little Town {landing on a Plain not a 
 great Way from Manfora^ built, I believe, by the Romans. 
 
 Rebat is a noble large Town, built by Manfor the King 
 and Patriarch oi Morocco^ upon the Sea-Shore. It is built 
 upon a Rock ; on one Side of it is the Sea, and on the o- 
 ther the River Buragrag. This Town rcfcmbles Morocco^ 
 only it is much lefs. 
 
 Sella lies a Mile from Rebate built by the Romans upon 
 the River Buragrag, two Miles from the Sea, the Way to 
 which from Sella lies thro' Rebat. 
 
 Mader Avuam is a Town built in my Time upon the 
 Side of Buragrag. It is faid to be built only for the Sake 
 of the Iron Mines which are near it. It was afterwards 
 utterly deftroyed by the Marine Family : Some of the 
 Steeples and Walls are ftill to be feen. 
 
 Thagla is a fmall Town, built upon fome Hills of Atlas 
 by the Africans : The Soil about it is barren, and the 
 Air is very cold. They have fcarcity of Corn, but plenty 
 of Honey and Goats. 
 
 Zarfa was a Town built by the Africans upon a large 
 Plain, abounding with Rivers and Fountains, It is now 
 deftroyed, and Corn grows where the Town ftood. 
 
 Hie Territory of" Fe'z begins at the River Buragrag 
 Weftward, and extends Eaftward to the River Inaven a- 
 bout a hundred Miles ; the River Subu bounds it on the 
 North, and to the Southward it borders upon the Foot of 
 Atlas. The Soil is excellent for Fruits, Corn and Cattle ; 
 there are a great Number of Villages, worthy to be called 
 Towns. 
 
 Of the Great City t'f F E Z, betng the 
 Capital ^/MAURITANIA. 
 
 TH E City of Fez was built by a Mahometan Heretick, 
 or Rebel againft the Eaftern Caliphs, who call them- 
 felves the Orthodox Church of Mahomet, under the Reign 
 of the Caliph Aron, tn the Year 185 of the Hegeira. It 
 A a 4 was
 
 54 'Tranjlat ions from Writers, concerning 
 
 was called Fez, becaufe they found Gold as they dug td 
 lay the Foundation of the City, and the Word Fez in Jra* 
 tic lignifieth Gold. 
 
 Description of ¥ "EX. 
 
 T^EZ is a vQry Great City, furrounded with high and 
 " beautiful Walls ; it is almoft all Hills and Valleys ; fo 
 that only in the midft of the City there is any flat Ground. . 
 A River, which is divided into two Streams, runs thro' the 
 City ; from this River little Channels are drawn into every 
 Part of the Town ; fo that all the Mofques, the Colleges, 
 the King's Palaces, and the Houfes of the Great Men, are 
 furnifhed with Water. They generally have in the middle 
 of the Court fquare Bafons of Marble, and the Water com- 
 ing thro' marble Pipes, which are in the Wall,andfaningdown 
 with a plea fa nt Murmur, fills them ; and they being full, 
 what runs over vvafhes the Streets, and falls again into the 
 River ; they are generally three Cubits deep, four broad, and 
 twelve long. The Houfes are either of Brick, or of Stone, 
 ^'ery well built ; the greateft part of thofe of Stone are finely 
 ornamented with Mofaick Work ; thofe of Brick alfo are 
 adorned with Glazing and Colours like DutchTWtSy and the 
 Wood-work and Cielings are can'cd, painted and gilt ; the 
 Roofs are flat, for they fleep on the Tops of the Houfes in 
 Summer, and for that purpofe fpread Carpets on them ; moft 
 of the Houfes are of two Stories, and many of three ; they 
 sre built round a pourt, and on the infide generally have 
 Porticoes and open Galleries, confiding of as many Stories 
 2S the Koufe doth, fo that in each Story you may go under 
 Co\'er from one Apartment to another [a] ; and thefe they 
 adorn very much with Gilding and gay Colours. All their 
 Porticoes are fupported either vvith Pillars of Brick, faced on 
 the Outfide with glazed Tiles of various Colours, or elfe 
 with Pillars of Marble, and the Arches which extend from 
 one Pillar to another aje all adorned with Mofaick Work, 
 and the Timbers and Joills that fupport the Floors are 
 canned in Scroll-work and Flowers, painted with various 
 bright Colours ; moft large Houfes have great Ciflerns of 
 Water, front whence they fupply fome little Fountains In 
 
 their 
 
 («) The Chateau de Madrid \n the Boji de Boulo^n nea,r Pari' 
 h built af/er this hUonjh '1 alle.
 
 /^^ Niger-Nile, cr Gambia. 55 
 
 their lower Apartments ; fo that they have large Vafes of 
 Marble in each Room, which are continually full of clear 
 running Water, there being wafte Pipes properly placed to 
 prevent its running over, and carry it off unfeen ; ihey 
 have Baths within their Houfes for to cool themfelves in the 
 Summer-time ; the Rich build above their Houfes a Tower, 
 confifting of feveral Stories ; thefe Rooms are their chief 
 Delight, and they fpare no Expencc to furnifh them beauti- 
 fully ; it is there that the Ladies divert themfelves after they 
 have done Embroidering, and other Works; for from thence 
 they can fee moll part of the City of Fez. 
 
 There are near 700 Mofques great and little, 50 of thefe 
 are very confiderable, and are adorned with Pillars of Marble, 
 and other Ornaments ; they hare Fountains of Marble, and 
 their Arches are beautified with Mofaick Work, Paintino- 
 »nd Carving ; their Pillars are made in the fame manner as 
 thofe in Italy ; the Pavement is covered with the fined Mats, 
 fo are the Walls as high as a Man ; every Mofque has a 
 Tower, round which there is a Gallery, where a Man Hands 
 and calls the People to Prayer at proper Hours, as in Eiiropf 
 they ring Bells ; the principal Mofque is called Carmven, it 
 is near an Italian Mile and half in Circumference, and hath 
 thirty one lofty Gates ; the middle Building of the Mofque 
 is 150 Tufcan Yards in length, and 80 wide ; the Tower 
 is proportionably high ; round the whole Building, towards 
 the Eall, towards the Well:, and towards the North, there 
 are great Colonades 30 Yards wide, and 40 long ; there are 
 900 Lamps lighted every Night, for there is at leall one 
 Lamp under each Arch, but in the Centre of the Mofque 
 there are great Brazen Candlelticks, one of which can hold 
 500 Lamps; thefe were made of Bells taken from the Chri- 
 Jliam ; along the Sides of the Walls there 'are feven Pulpits, 
 from whence the Dodors of the Law teach the People ; it 
 is only A'len of Ivcarning that are allowed to preach, for the 
 Prieft of the Mofque, his Bufinefs is only to read Prayers, 
 and to give the Alms to the People, for this Mofque hath 
 great Revenues v/hich they give out in ALms; the Revenues 
 arile from the Rent of Shops and Houfes, and alfo from 
 Farms, where they employ Labourers, and they divide the 
 Produce among the Poor. In our Days the King borrowed 
 from this Mofque a great Sum of Money, which he never 
 i)ath paid : Befides the Mofques, there ai-e two Colleges for 
 Students, finely built after the MooriJI) Manner, and adorned 
 
 with
 
 56 7raft/!aims from Writers, concerning 
 
 with Marble and Paintings. One of thefe Colleges hath 
 an hundred Rooms ; they were built by the Kings of the 
 Marin Race ; the Beauty and Magnificence of the Hall,which 
 was built by the King Abu Henon, is furprizing. In the 
 middle of the Hall is a great Vafe of Marble which holds a 
 Tun of Water, the Sides are adorned with Pillars of various- 
 coloured Marble, finely polifhed ; the Capitals are gilt, and 
 the Roof fhincs with Gold, Azure and Purple ; on the Walls 
 are wrote in large Characters feveral Arabic Verfes in Praife 
 of the Founder King Abu Henon ; the Gates are of carved 
 Brafs, and there is a Roftrum for reading Le6lures inlaid with 
 Ebony and Ivory ; the Whole is a moft wonderful Piece of 
 Work, and univerfally admired by all that have feen it; the 
 Treafurer of the King who built it (in order to diflwade 
 him) urged to him the vaft Expence ; to which Abu Henon 
 anfwercd him in two Arabick Verfes ; « That which isperfe^Iy 
 
 * beautiful, becaufe it deferves its Price, is not dear ; and no 
 
 * Price is too great for to fatisfy the virtuous Defres of the 
 
 * Heart, ^ There are feveral other Colleges in /Vz built in Imi- 
 tation, but none near fo large or fo beautiful ; they had all 
 Lefturers and Scholars, who were maintained at the Expence 
 of the Founders both in Food and Raiment ; but in the War 
 of Sahid their Endowments were either deftroyed or taken 
 away, fo that this Univerfity, as well as that of Mcrocco, is 
 now gone to mine; and this Ncglcft of Learning is one of 
 the Reafons, that not only the People of Fez, but thofe of 
 all the neighbouring Regions are degenerated from their an- 
 tient Virtue. 
 
 There are many Hofpitals in Fez, fome of which are not 
 much inferior in Building to the Colleges. Formerly all 
 the Strangers which came into the City, and defired it, were 
 entertained there three Days gratis; the Endowments which 
 enajled them to make thefe Expences were then very great i 
 but in Sahid's War, the King, ftanding in need of Money, 
 fold the Eftatcs belonging to the Hofpitals, fo that there are 
 now no Endowments, yet there are ftill fome Hofpitals, 
 where the Sick have Food, but not Medicines. Formerly 
 there were great Numbers of all ncccflar)' Officers to thefe 
 Hofpitals ; and when I was a young Man, I my felf was 
 Notary to one of them for two Years. 
 
 In the City are above an hundred Baths, many of them 
 very ftaiely Buildings ; each of them have befides the Stove 
 
 In
 
 ?/!?^ Niger-Nile, or Gambia. fy 
 
 five Halls with Galleries ; there are Baths for the Women 
 as well as for the Men, and they are the Places of Affembly 
 where all the News of the Town is told ; there are above 
 two hundred Inns or Taverns in this City, and four hundred 
 Corn-Mills. All Arts and Trades in this City are feparated 
 from each other, thofe of the fame Profeflion live in the 
 fame Street or Quarter ; the moft genteel Trades have their 
 Quarter near the Great Mofque, firft the Notaries, next the 
 Bookfellers, then thofe who fell Boots and Shoes of Morocco. 
 Leather. Over-againft the principal Gate of the Mofque 
 ftands the Fruit-Market, abounding in all kinds of Fruits, 
 and in the Herb-Market there are Bowers made of the green 
 Boughs of Orange, Lemon, and other Trees, with the 
 Fruit on, which they change every Day, under the Shade 
 of which is mighty pleafant fitting : there is a Milk-Market, 
 and there fcarce pailes a Day in which there is not twenty 
 Tuns of Milk fold there ; there are infinite Numbers of 
 other Trades, each of which hath a different Station. Be- 
 fides this, there is an Exchange as big as a fmall City, ftrong- 
 ly walled round with Towers and ftrong Gates ; there are 
 Shops here ftored v/ith the richeft Silks, and fineil Carpets, 
 Linen, Woollen, and other Goods ; even in times of Wars 
 and Infurredions this Place hath hitherto never been 
 plundered. The Town, which is divided from tlie other 
 only by the River, contains a great Number of Mofques, 
 Palaces and Colleges ; there are alfo feveral Caves dug in the 
 marble Rocks, which they ufe as Storehoufes for their Corn ; 
 the South-fide of the City within the Walls is all Gardens 
 and Villas belonging to the Great Men ; they are planted 
 with the fineft and choiceft Fruit-trees, Lemons, Oranges, 
 Citrons, Pomegranates, ^c. Thefe Gardens are exceeding 
 beautiful, being full of all kinds of odoriferous and flower- 
 ing Shrubs, which thrive wonderfully, fuch as Myrtle, Rofes 
 and Jeflamines, of which they make covered Arbours, which 
 are paved with white Tiles, and thro' v/hich liiey bring little 
 Streams of Water, v/hich give a delightful Coolnefs in the 
 hotteft Weather ; the Air all round this Qiiarter is perfumed 
 by the Flowers, and the Eye not lefs amufed with the vari- 
 ous Dies, than the Ear is Math the Falling of Water, and 
 the Singing of the Birds ; fo that the Arabians lay, this Part 
 pf the Town is a terreflrial Paradife. 
 
 The
 
 55 Tranftattons from Writers, concerning 
 
 The People of Fe% are cloathed in Winter in Tunicks and 
 Vefts, and a large loofe Robe or Mantle j they wear a fmall 
 Turbant on their Heads, and Slippers of coloured Morocco 
 Leather, but the common People are not fo well cloathed ; 
 the Ladies drefs very cxpenfively, yet in the Heat of the 
 Weather they wear nothing but a Shift, and tie their Fore- 
 heads with a Scarf, their Hair being braided with Strings of 
 Pearl, and other Jewels. In Winter they wear Robes of 
 Damask, with \?A. large Sleevesi when they go abroad they 
 wear Veils, which rover them quite over, lb that nothing 
 but their Eyes are feen, and they wear Bracelets of Gold on 
 their Arms and the fmall of their Legs ; their Tables are 
 well ferved with all kinds of Foods, as well Butchers Meat, 
 as Game, Fifh, and Fruit, fuch as Melons, Grapes, Pome- 
 granates, ^c. they have one Difh called {a) Cufcufu peculiar 
 to the M^c?r5, which is made of a Lump of Dough, which thcv 
 fqueeze thro' a Plate full of Holes, and roll it into fmall 
 Pieces of the Size of Corumder-Seed, then they cover the 
 VelTel that is boiling with that Plate or Cullender on which 
 thev lay the Dough, and fo ftew it over the Steam ; this, 
 which is a kind of artificial Rice, they eat with the Broth 
 and Meat. The People of the beft Fafliion take great 
 Delight in playing at Chefs, and in Poetry ; and whillt the 
 Marin Family flourifhed, there were feveral excellent Poems 
 wrote both in the Arahlck and Moorijh Tongues, which are 
 ilill in being. Learning being neglefted. Ignorance and Su- 
 perftition have encreafed, and the People do now univerfally 
 believe in Fortune-Tellers^ Jnchantcrs^ Conjurers^ Jugglers^ 
 and Monks^ and are fo deluded, that Thoufands of thofe 
 Wretches fubfift on the Fat of the Land. Northward from 
 the City, upon a high Hill, Hands a Palace, in which are 
 the Monuments of feveral of the Afar.'n Race ; ihefc Tombs 
 are of Marble, beautifully carved, whh proper Epitaphs en- 
 graved upon them. Eall and South of the City are great 
 Numbers of Gardens, full of Fruit-Trces, and watered by 
 Canals drawn from the River; their Fruits are delicious, anid 
 in the Seafon '500 Cart-Loads of Fruit are daily carried to 
 the Markets of Fez^ without reckoning the Grapes. To 
 the Eaft of Fez is a Plain 15 Miles broad and 30 long, which 
 is a marfhy Soil, v/atered by a Number of Springs and Ri- 
 vulets i 
 
 {a) This feems to be the fame which ig called Co->fcooJh by the 
 degrees. Vide my Journal, p. ic8. 
 
 y
 
 the Niger-Nile, cr Gambia. 59 
 
 Vulets ; this did belong to the Great Mofque, and was let 
 out to Gardeners, who raifed Hemp, Melons, Turnips, 
 Radifh, and all kinds of Roots and Pot-Herbs ; lb that the 
 Great City of Fez was furnifhed from hence with all kinds 
 of Herbage. 
 
 By the Conquell of the Caliphs, the Law of Mahomet 
 was eftablifhed in Jfrua : By that Law no Pcrfon can be 
 created a King or Prince, either by the Election of the Peo- 
 ple, or by any Human Authority whatfoever } for the true 
 Mufiilmen believe Dominion to be founded in Grace, and that 
 none can jultly and legally bear Rule over others but the 
 Caliph, who is infpired, and whom they call Holy^ 
 and who ought to be the Legitimate Succeflbr of Mahomet, 
 and who is Etnperor and High-Priejl. This Dodrine was 
 maintained whilft the Saracen Empire continued j but upon 
 the Decline of it, the wild People, fuch as the Turk], the 
 Curdes and Tartars, revolted in Jjui ; and in the Weft of 
 Africa, the Tribes of Zeneta and Luntuna threw off the 
 Ecclefiaftical Government ; and the Kings of the Families 
 of Luntuna and Marin, being Laymen, reigned with great 
 Glory for a Time ; but afterwards Tyranny began to be 
 eftabliflied, nor is there now any regular Hereditary Succef- 
 fion among them. They name their Succeflbrs in their 
 Lives, either their Sons, Nephews, Brothers, or whom they 
 love beft, and get the Great Men to take an Oath of Fide- 
 lity to them J who often, on the Death of the King, fail 
 in their Oaths, and fall into Wars and Confufion ; for the 
 Superftition of the People is generally fuch, that they be- 
 lieve them all to be Ufurpcrs, and that no Oaths are binding 
 againft the Right which is in Holy Men, being of the Polle- 
 rity of Mahomet. As foon as a King of Fez is acknow- 
 ledged, to ftrengthen his Intereft, he generally chufes one 
 of the moft powerful Men to be his chief Minifter, to 
 whom of courfe one third Part of the Revenue belongs ; he 
 then appoints a Secretary, and a General of the Horfe, alfo 
 a Governor ovtr each City ; to whom he gives all the Revenues 
 of it, on condition to maintain a certain Number of Horfe 
 for the King's Service, when called ujxm to joyn the Army ; 
 then he names Commlffarles, or Legates, to the Nations who 
 inhabit the Mountains, and the Arabians who acknowledge 
 .his Authority. Thefe are Men of the Law, who admini- 
 fter Juftice according to the Cuftonis of thofe People, and 
 coliCv:!; the King's Revenue amongH. ihem : Ho gives Fees to 
 
 Knights J
 
 6o ^ranjldtions from Writers, concdrnmg 
 
 Knights ; every one of which confills of a Caftle, or twd 
 or three Villages, fufficient to maintain a Knight in fuch 
 manner as to be able to follow the King to the Wars, 
 when fummon'd : Befides which, the King hath a Body of 
 mercenary Horfe in the Nature of a Guard, whom he pays 
 in Money in Time of War ; in Time of Peace he cloaths 
 and feeds them, but p.iys them little Money : He allows 
 them Chriftian Slaves to look to their Horfes. He hath a 
 CommiJJaryy who hath Charge of all the Camels, and takes 
 care that there are Beafts of Burden enough, not only for 
 to carry the Tents and B^gage, but alfo the Provifions for 
 the Army. There is a Stud-MaJJer General^ who takes, 
 care of breeding and maintaining a fufficient Number of 
 Horfes for all his Servants. 
 
 The King hath fifty Horfemen, who are neat Attendants 
 on his Perfon in the Nature of Mefiengers, whofe Bufmefs it 
 is to obey his Commands, by making Prifoners, or putting 
 to Death fuch Perfons as he fhall order. He has a Troop 
 of Standard-bearers, Men thoroughly acquainted with all 
 the Palles of the Country ; he appoints him who knows 
 the Province they march through beft, to carry a Standard 
 before them, and guide the Army. Their Horfe have 
 Drums of a vail Size, much larger than thofe of Italy, 
 which make a horrible loud Noife : A Horfe can carry but 
 one of them : They have alfo great Numbers of lYum- 
 pets and other mufical Inftruments. His legitimate Queen 
 is always of the Moorijl) or Jrabian Race, but his Women- 
 Slaves and Concubines are often Black-moors, and fomc 
 are Portugal or Spanijh Women. Tho' the King of Fez. 
 hath large Dominions, yet they being aflign'd to Gover- 
 nors for maintaining Troops, or to Knights as Fees for 
 Services, his Revenues in Money paid to himfejf are but 
 fmall, yet the People arc wonderfully preilcd with the Tri- 
 bute. In fome Parts the Subjeds pay a Ducat and a 
 Quarter a Year, for as much Ground as a Team of Oxen 
 c in plow in a Day : In others they pay Hearth-Money ; 
 they alfo pay a Poll-Tax of a Ducat for every Male a- 
 bove fixtecn Years old, and raife other Taxes upon the 
 People, which are very heavy upon the Peafants, but more 
 fo upon the great Towns : And this is the more grievous 
 to them, becaufe, by the Law of Alahcwet, no King is to 
 rake more Tribute than what is limited by it, viz. A Per- 
 fon who has a hundred Ducats is to pay two and a Half pet-
 
 the Niger-Nile, or Gambia. 6i 
 
 Annum, and no more ; and the Pcafant is to pay the Ty thef 
 of the Yrmxs of the Earth, and no more ; and this is to be paid 
 to the Caliph or High Prieft, and not to any Layman ; 
 and he is not to confume them in Pleafures for his own 
 Gratification, but they are to be expended by the Ca- 
 liph for the Service of the State, and with them he is to 
 fupport the Poor, the Sick, the Widows, and the Or- 
 phans ; and to maintain the Wars againft Enemies : But 
 fmce there have been no more Caliphs, and the Lords above- 
 mentioned have ufurped a tyrannical Power, calling them- 
 felves Kings, they have not only fcized upon thefe Re- 
 venues, but robbed the Poor, the Hofpitals, and the 
 Churches of their Endowments, and raifed a great many 
 other Taxes, and fquandered them away to gratify their 
 own Lufts, Follies and Paflions ; and they have added 
 Taxes upon Taxes, in fuch a manner, that thro' all Africa 
 the common People can hardly afford wherewithal to cloath 
 themfelves ; and they are become fo hateful by thefe Extor- 
 tions, that no honeft nor learned Man will fo much as 
 eat or fit down with any of the King's Officers or Cour- 
 tiers ; much lefs will they take any Gifts or Penfions from 
 him, becaufe they know that all he hath is plundered 
 from the Publick and the Poor, and they look upon it as 
 fo much ftolen Goods, and that the taking any Allow- 
 ance from him is fharing with the Thief. We faid be- 
 fore that the King of Fez keeps a Body of Horfe in con- 
 llant Pay ; they are in Number 6000, befides which he 
 has 5C0 Crofs Bows, and 500 Harquebufiers : But befides 
 thefe in Time of War he can form a very great Army, 
 by calling out the Forces of the Governors of the Arabian 
 Tributaries, and of the Knights Fees. 
 
 The prefent King defpifes all Ceremony and Appearan- 
 ces of Magnificence ; and even in the moft folemn Procef- 
 fions he wears only a plain Habit, and is known from his 
 Attendants by his not being fo fine as they are ; and he 
 never wears a Crown, for the Law of Mahomet forbids it, 
 it being againft the Humility which Mufulmen ought to 
 fiiew in all their Anions. 
 
 When the King takes the Field, they firft pitch hii 
 Tent in the Centre of the Camp ; it is in a fquare 
 Form, like a Caftle, 50 Yards on each Side ; it is fur- 
 rounded' with Cotton Cloths, like a Wall with Battle- 
 ments ) at the Corner are Towers made of the lame 
 
 Cloth
 
 62 Tranjlations from Writers, concsrmng 
 
 Cloih with Battlements ; all which are fupported with 
 Poles and Cords, as Tents are j the Tops of the Towers 
 end in Spires, with Gilt Balls ; to this Linen Wall are 
 four Gates, each guarded by Eunuchs : In the Square 
 within it are many Tents ; that which contains the King's 
 Bedchamber is very magnificent, and yet is eafily ftruck 
 and moved : Next to the King's are the Tents of the prin- 
 cipal Officers of the Court ; and between him and the Li- 
 nen Wall are the Tents of the Guard, which are fmall and 
 of Camel's Hair. Within this Inclofurc alfo is the King's 
 Kitchen, and neceffary Offices ; round the Linen Wall on 
 the Outfide is an Efplanade, and round the Efplanade the 
 King's 6000 Horfe are encamped j they have Tents for their 
 Horfes, which are very carefully tended. In the Rear of 
 the Horfe is the Baggage, where there are Shops which fell 
 all Neceflaries, and an open Market kept ; beyond which, 
 to the Right, and Left, and the Rear, and in the Front 
 of the King's Quarters, the Arabians, and the Forces of 
 the Governors and Mountaineers are encamped. The 
 whole Camp makes a kind of City, of which the King'* 
 Quarters is the Caftle in the Centre ; fo that no Enemy 
 by Surprize can come to it : And in the Efplanade round 
 the King's Quarters there are Patroles all Nighty befides the 
 Guard belonging to the Army. Yet the Arabians are fo 
 dexterous at Surprizes, that there have been Attempts, 
 and People taken in the very Midll of the King's Quar- 
 ters, who were got fo far in order to kill him. In the 
 prefent declining State of their Government the King is 
 forced to keep the Field moft Part of the Year, as well for 
 to awe the Arabians^ and his other Subjeds, as to make 
 Head againft the Portv.gueze. He is alfo very fond of 
 Hunting, and for the Conveniency of the Sport often en- 
 camps in the Mountains. 
 
 BOOK VI. 
 
 0/ N U M I D I A. 
 
 ,ARA is a Province, which begins at Mount Atlas^ 
 and ftrelcheth Southward towards the Defarts of Li- 
 lya. This Province is very narrow ; for the fruitful Land 
 lies only along the Side of a River of the fame Name, 
 
 which 
 
 D
 
 the Niger-Nile, or Gambia. 63 
 
 which extends from the North to the South. Upon the 
 Sides of the River are great Numbers of Villages, and 
 fome Callles walled with Stone, and all the Land within 
 lix Miles of the River on each Side is planted with Palm- 
 Trees : They bear th6 moft excellent Dates, which may 
 be prefer/ed, if kept in a good Magazine, for fix or feven 
 Years. They have a more ordinary Kind of Date, with 
 which they feed their Horfes and Camels. The Palm- 
 Trees are Male and Female ; the Female produces Fruit, 
 but the Male nothing but Flowers. If they do not grow 
 near each other, the Dates are not good. The Food of 
 the Inhabitants of all this Province is Dares : They rarely 
 ^at Bread ; when they do, it is a Feaft. All the People of 
 Wealth" in this Country deal in Gold, and there are a great 
 many Goldfmiths and Jews who work up that Metal, it 
 being the great Road between Fez in Mauritajiia and 7om- 
 buto. This Trade inriches the Province, fo that there are 
 four great Towns in it, in which there is a great Refer t 
 of foreign Merchants, and great Numbers of Shops well 
 furnifhed with all Kinds of Goods. The principal Town 
 is called Benfahy : Here is Plenty of Indigoe, which they 
 fell to the Merchants of Fc%. 
 
 Segehnejfe is a Province which takes its Name from the 
 principal City, which lies upon the River Ziz ; it is inha- 
 bited by many Races of the ancient Africans^ of the Tribes 
 of Zeneta^ Za?ihagia and Haora. It extends along the Ri- 
 ver Ziz 120 Miles ; in it are 350 Villages ; the principal 
 Place in it is Tencgent^ containing about a Thoufand Fa- 
 milies. TebuhafdJit, in which there are a great many fo- 
 reign Merchants, Artizans and Jcivs ; they coin Money 
 here, both Silver and Gold ; they trade down to tlie Coun- 
 try of the Negroes with Goods which they buy from Bar- 
 bary\ in Exchange for which they purchafe Slaves and Gold. 
 Some are of Opinion that the Town of Segelmejfe was built 
 by a Roman General, who, having conquered all Numi- 
 dia^ built this Town upon the Borders of McJJii^ which he 
 called [a) the Seal of MeJJa. It was form.erly walled in a 
 ftately Manner, the Ruins of which ftill remain. The 
 Town was exceeding rich, by reafon of the Commerce 
 with the Negroes. There were in it many magnificent 
 Mofques and Colleges, but the Town was deftroyed by the 
 
 ^ ^ '^ Bt^ Civil
 
 64 Tranfntlons from Writers, Concermng 
 
 Civil Wars, and nothing now remains but the Ruins, yet 
 is the neighbouring Country ftill very populous. 
 
 O/T 
 
 EBELBELT. 
 
 T 
 
 His is a little Town in the Num'idian Defart, 200 MileJ 
 South of Atlas ^ and 100 South of SegelmeJJe : There 
 are Plantations of Palm-Trees round it : Water is fcarce, 
 and Flefh llill more fcarce ; They eat Oftrichcs : They trade 
 to the Land of Negroes^ and are fubjedt to the Arabiam. 
 
 0/BENIGUMI. 
 
 THis is a Habitation upon the River G/^;>, and there ait 
 abundance of Palm-Trees near it ; their Trade chiefly 
 lies in buying Horfes in the Kingdom of Fez^ and felling them 
 to the Merchants who trade to the Negroe Country. It is 
 about 150 Miles S. E. from SegelmeJJe. It contains 8 Caftles, 
 and 15 Villages. 
 
 After v.'hiat we have faid of Nwnidia, the Second Divifion 
 of Africa, we fhall proceed to the Defarts of Libya ; which, 
 as I faid before, is divided into ¥\yt Parts : We fhall begin 
 with that of Zanaga, v/hich is a dry and fandy Defart, 
 reaching from the Ocean Sea on the Weil, as far as the Salt- 
 Pits of Tegaza Eaftward. Northv.'ard it is bounded by Sus, 
 Haca and Dara., which are Parts of Niimidia ; and Soutli- 
 ward it ftretcheth to the Country of the Negroes^ and is 
 bounded by the Kingdoms of Giialata and Tombuto. In this 
 Defart no Water is found, unlefs it be here and there at 
 100 Miles diftance ; and even what is, is fait, and bitter, and 
 drawn out of very deep Pits, particularly upon the Road 
 between Segelmejfc?.nd Tombuto. This Defart abounds with 
 •itrange Creatures and Serpents. In the Defart there is one 
 Part of it ftill more dreadful than the reft, which is called 
 Jzoad, in which there is no Inhabitant, and nothing but 
 Sands for 200 Miles, viz. from the Well of Azoad to the 
 Well of Aroa7i, the latter of which is 150 Miles diftant 
 from Tombutc. In this Defart, by excelTu'e Heat, and want 
 of Water, it often happens that both Men and Beafts who 
 travel croft it pcrifli. 
 
 From the fame Salt-Pits of Tegaza, where the Defart of 
 7ja?iaga ends, we reckon the Defart of Zuenziga begins : It 
 reaches Eaft>\^ard to the Defart of Hair, v.liere the Tribe of 
 
 Targd
 
 the Niger-Nile, or Gambia^ 6f 
 
 Targa inliabits ; Northward it is bounded by Scgehneffe^ Tcbel- 
 belt and Bemgumi, in Numidia ; and Southward it reaches to 
 the Defart of Ghb\ and the Kingdom of Cuba : It is a moft 
 barren and comfortlefs Phicc, even more terrible than the 
 former ; yet over this the Merchants pafs liom Tclen/t to 
 Tombuto. 
 
 In the Region of Tegaza they dig great Qiiantities of Salt, 
 which is exceeding white : At the Entrance of the Pits from 
 whence they dig the Salt, arc the Cottages in which live the 
 Workmen, who fell the Salt to fome Merchants, who carry 
 it upon Camels Backs to Tofnbute. Thefe People who dig 
 the Salt have no Provifions but what the Merchants bring 
 them, for they are almoft 20 Days Journey from any Habi- 
 tations, fo that they often die by the Merchants not bring- 
 ing them Provifions in due time. I my felf lived 3 Days' 
 here, during which time I was obliged to drink Water drawn 
 cut of Wells, which was very brackifh. 
 
 BOOK VII. 
 
 Of the Land ^Negroes, and of th^ 
 Confines of JEgyvt, 
 
 OU R Antient African Geographers, viz. Bichri and 
 Mejhudi^ were ignorant of all the Land of Negroes^. 
 except the Countries Guechet and Cano ; all other Places of 
 the Land of Negroes being in their Time undifcover'd : But 
 in the Year of the Hegcira 380. it was difcover'd by the 
 following Means : The Family of Luntwia^ and all the 
 Tribes of Libya^ were by a fimous Preacher drawn to receive 
 the Mahometan Religion : He then came up to live in Bar- 
 hary^ and flrove to inform himfclf, and did acquire a Know- 
 ledge of the Countries of the Negroes. All that Countiy 
 was then inhabited by Men who lived in the manner of 
 Beafts, without Kings, without Lords, without Senates, 
 without Government or Taxes : They hardly fowcd Corn ; 
 they had no Cloathing but the Skins of Beafts, nor no Pro- 
 perty in their Wives: They fpent the Day cither in tending 
 their Herds, or in labouring of the Ground ; and at Night 
 thev met in little Companies of ten or twelve Men and 
 
 Bb2 Wc-
 
 66 7ranfiatms from Writers, concerning 
 
 Women, and pafled the Night together in Bowers covered 
 with Boughs of Trees, each Man and Woman conforting 
 as Love direded. The Ground itfelf, covered with the 
 Hides of Cattle dried with the Hair on, fer^'ed for Beds. 
 They never made War, nor travelled into other Countries j 
 but they contentedly lived all their Days in their native 
 Country, and never fet their Feet out of it. Some of them 
 adored the Sun with Songs, as foon as he appeared above the 
 Earth ; others worfhipped the F/;v, as did the People of 
 Gualata ; and thofe who inhabited the Kingdom of Gaoga in 
 the Eaft, were true Chriftiajis ; which Dodrine they had 
 received from /Egypt. Jofeph of the Family of Luntuna^ 
 Founder and King of the City of Morocco^ and of the Five 
 Libyan Tribes, conquered all thefe Negroe Nations, and 
 taught them the Mahometan Religion, and the Arts of Life 5 
 and then great Numbers of the Merchants of Barbary tra- 
 velled into that Country to fell them Goods, and learnt their 
 Language. The Five Tribes of Libya divided the whole 
 Country into Fifteen Parts, or Kingdoms ; and Three of 
 thofe Parts were granted to each Tribe, who fent out fome 
 of the Nobility of their Families, who each conquer'd their 
 Part, and eredled them intd" Kingdoms. It is true, that the 
 prefent King of T'ombuto is not a Libyan^ but a Negroe. He 
 was General to Son: Hali, King of Tombuto and Gsbo, of the 
 Family of the Libyan Tribes. After the Death of his Ma- 
 iler, he rebelled againft his Mailer's Son, whom he put to 
 death ; and fhaking off the Libyan Yoke, the Negroes then 
 were governed by a Negroe. Having reigned I-'ifteen Years, 
 and in that Time conquer'd many Kingdoms, and having 
 fettled all Things in profound Peace and Quiet, he went on 
 a Pilgrimage to Mecca, in which he fpent all his Wealth, 
 and became in Debt 150,000 Ducats. All thefe Fifteen 
 Kingdoms of Negroes, which are known unto us, extend 
 along the Niger, and the Rivers that run into it from the 
 Sea to the Heads of that River. And all the Land of Ne- 
 groes IS fituate between two vaft Defarts ; for on the one 
 lide is the main Defart between NumiJia and it, which is 
 extended unto this very Country ; and to the South-fide of 
 it is another Defart, which reacheth to the main Ocean on 
 the Weft ; beyond which Defart many Nations inhabit, 
 with whom wc are not acquainted, for none of our People 
 have travelled thither, by rcafon of the Length of the Jour- 
 ney, and the vail Dillance, and alio the Diverfity of Lan- 
 guages
 
 the Niger-Nile, or Gambia. 67 
 
 guages and Religions. They have no Dealings with us ; 
 but we have heard, that they traffick with the Inhabitants 
 near the Ocean Sea. 
 
 A Defer Ipiou of the Kingdom of Gualata. 
 
 IF this Kingdom be compared to the others, it is fmall ; 
 containing only three large (a) Towns, befides Villages, 
 and Plantations of Pahn-Trees. Thefe Towns are diftant 
 from Nun Southward about 300, from "Tombuto North -weft 
 500, and from the Sea about 200 Miles. The People cff 
 JLibyay whilft the Country of Negroes was fubjeft to them, 
 fettled their Royal Seat in this Region, unto which great 
 Numbers of Barbary Merchants reforted at that Time : 
 But afterward, in the Reign of Heli, King of Tombuto, who 
 was a very Great Prince, thofe Merchants left Gz^^/j/j, and 
 began to frequent Tombuto and Gago, by which means the 
 King of Gualata became extremely poor. Thefe People 
 fpeak the Language called (b) Sungai ; the Inhabitants are 
 black, and receive Strangers with great Hofpitality. This 
 Region being in my Time fubdued by the King of Tombuto, 
 the Prince thereof fled into the Delarts, to thofe Libyan 
 Tribes from whence his Family came ; whereof the King 
 of Tombuto having Information, and being apprehenfive of 
 ih.c Prince's Return with all the People of the Defarts, 
 granted him Peace on condition that he fliould pay a great 
 Yearly Tribute to him ; and fo the Prince hath continued 
 Tributary to the King of Toynbuto until now. The Man- 
 ners and Fafliions of the People differ not all from thofe of 
 the Inhabitants of the next Defart. It produces fome Quan- 
 tity of Indian Corn, and great Plenty of a (c) little round 
 
 white 
 
 (a) Thefe three Towns oFGualata kern by tlie Situation to be 
 what is now called the Kingdom of the Grand JoIIoifs. The 
 JolloiffRdiCQ, who are now Kings of Bar/ally, feem defcended from 
 them, their Name being N'jay, here called Su?:gai, and in other 
 Places Sanagai, and their Language different from that of the 
 Mundingoes, or l^egroes. The little Religion they have is Uaha- 
 metan, and in their Love of Milk andHoiles they refemblc the Peo- 
 ple of the Defart. 
 
 (b) The Names of the prefent Kings of the JoUoiJs. Vide 
 p. 214 of my Journal. 
 
 (() The fmall Cuinea Corn. Vide p. 31 of my Journal. 
 Bb 3
 
 68 1'ranjlations {rom Writers, concerning 
 
 vhile Grain, the like whereof I never faw in Europe ; but 
 there is great Scarcity of P'Icfh among them. The Heads 
 both of Men and Women are fo covered, that all their 
 Countenance is almoll concealed. They have no Form of 
 a Commonv/ealth, neither are there any Lawyers or 'Judges 
 among them, but they lead a moft mifgrable Life. 
 
 A Defcripion of the Kingdom of Gui^'ea. 
 
 THis Kingdom, which the Merchants of cur Nation caH 
 G/7<f«^(5^"^ the Natives thcmfelves c^ilGenni, and the Por- 
 rugue/e, and other People of Europe, (a) Ghinea.^ It joyns 
 to the abovcmention'd, but between them there is a Defart 
 50 Miles over ; fo that Giialata lies on the North, Tombuto 
 on the pall, and the Kingdom of Melli on the South of it. 
 It is almoll 500 Miles in Length, and extends 250 Miles 
 along the River Niger, and bordereth upon the Ocean in the 
 fame Place where Niger falleth into it. It is very fruitful 
 in Rice, Cattle, Fi(h, and Cotton. Their Cotton they 
 exchange with the Merchants of Barhary for European Cloth, 
 brazen VtlTcls, Armour, and other fuch Commodities. 
 Their Money is uncoined Gold ; they ufe Barrs of Iron for 
 Money in Matters of fmall Value, fome Pieces of which 
 are a Pound, fome half a Pound, and fome a quarter of _a 
 Pound-weight. Throughout the whole Kingdom there is 
 no Foreign Fruits- but Dates, and they are brought from 
 Gv.alata or Numidia. There is neither Town nor Caftle, 
 but one great Village, which is inhabited by the Prince of 
 Ghinea, together with his PrieHs, Do6tors, Merchants, and 
 all the principal Men of the Region. Their Houfes are 
 built i}i the Shape pf Bells pointed on Top, the Walls of 
 Clay, and the Roofs ' they cover with Reeds. The 
 Apparel of the Inhabitants is black or blue Cotton, 
 with whicli they cover their Hpads alfo 5 but the 
 Priclls and Doctors of the Law wear white Cotton. The 
 Overflowings of the Niger yearly furround this Region in 
 manner of "an Ifland, during the three Months of J?//v, 
 Auguft and Septerr.hcr ; in which time tliC Merchants of 
 
 'ifotn- 
 
 [c) If the n is pronounced foft like the J, the Difference Is not 
 great U't.vc.n :: jjnd 7ahy. It fcems by the Situation to be the fame 
 Tiow caird fo, only that vvhich is nowBarfallyktms to be pai t of the 
 antJcnt Qh'.r.ea conquer'd by the Jolloiffs ; if fo, the prefent King- 
 don 5 of Ban- ah, Bar-fnUy^ Tany, and WooUcy, lie in the fame 
 Co:.ntry, whicli iii the i ime cf Leo was ca' ''J G^/«frt.
 
 the Nicer-Nile, or Gambia. 69 
 
 Tnmbuto bring their Wares hither in Canoas or narrow Boatt 
 made of one Tree, which they row all Day, but at Nighs 
 they faflen them to the Shore, and encamp upon the Land, 
 This Kingdom, as well as the others, was formerly govern- 
 ed by a King defcended from tlie Libyan Tribes, which Fa- 
 mily became tributary unto King Soni Heli ; but the Family 
 of Soni Hell being dcllroyed by Izchla his Succellbr, Izchla 
 invaded the Country, and taking Prifoner the lad King of 
 the Lihan Race, held him Prifoner in Ganga till the Time 
 of his Death, and govern'd this Kingdom by a Deputy. 
 
 Of the Kingdom of M £ l l i, 
 
 THis Region is extended almoft 300 Miles along tie 
 Bank of a River which runneth into Niger, and bor- 
 dereth Northward upon Ghhiea^ Southv^'ard upon certain 
 Defarts and dry Mountahis, Wellward upon large Woods 
 and Forells reaching to the Sea-fliore, and Eaftward upon 
 ti'e Kingdom of Gago. This Kingdom contains a Town 
 of 6000 Families, called Melli, from whence the whole 
 Kingdom is fo call'd ; here the King hath his Refidcnce. 
 In this Region is abundance of Corn, Flefh and Cotton. 
 Here are great Numbers of Artificers and Aderchants, and 
 yet all Strangers are honourably entertained by the King. 
 The Inhabitants are rich, and have plenty of Wares. Here 
 are many Mofques, Priells and Profeflbrs ; but Leftures are 
 read by the Profeflbrs in the Mofques only, there being no 
 Colleges at all. The People of this Region arc in Wit, 
 CiviliTy and Induftry, fuperior to all other Negroes ; and 
 were the firft that embraced the Law of Mahomet. They 
 were firfl conquer'd and govern'd by a Prince of one of the 
 nobleft Families of the Tribes of Libya ; he was Uncle to 
 Jofeph King of Morocco, and his Pofterity continued to go- 
 vern till the Reign of Izchla^ who made him his Tributary 
 in fuch a manner as to deftroy- entirely his State and Power ; 
 fo that he and his Family were forced to live in the fame 
 manner as the reft of his Subjefts. 
 
 Of the Kingdom of T o m b u t o. 
 
 ^T^HE Name of this Kingdom is modern: It was fo 
 
 X call'd (as fome think) from the Name of a certain. 
 
 Town which (they fav) was built by King Menfe Suliman, 
 
 Bb 4- ill
 
 70 'Tranjlatiom from Writers, concerning 
 
 in the Year of the Hegeira 6io, fituate within twelve Miles 
 of a Branch of the Niger. The Houfcs here are built in 
 the Shape of Bells, the Walls are Stakes or Hurdler 
 plaifter'd over with Clay, and the Houfes cover'd with Reeds i 
 yet there is one ftately Mofque, the Walls of which are 
 rnade of Stone and Lime. The Royal Palace is alfo built 
 of Stone by an excellent Artift from Granada, as alfo many 
 Shops of Artificers and Merchants. There are great Num- 
 bers of Weavers of Cotton-Cloth. Hither the Cloth of 
 Europe is brought by the Barbary Merchants. It is cufto- 
 mary here for all the Women to go with their Faces cover'd, 
 except the Maid-Ser^'ants, who fell Food. The Inhabitants, 
 and efpecially the Strangers that refide there, are very rich, 
 infomuch that the prefent King gave both his Daughters in 
 Marriage to two rich Merchants. Here are many Wells, 
 the Water of which is excellent ; and as often as the Niger 
 overfloweth, its Water is convey'd into the Town by cer- 
 tain Sluces. There is great Plenty of Corn, Cattle, Milk 
 and Butter, in this Region, but Scarcity of Salt, which is 
 brought hither by Land from Tegaza, 500 Miles diftant. 
 When I my felf was here, I faw one Camel's Load of Salt 
 fold for 80 Ducats. The rich King of Totnbuto hath in his 
 Pofleflion many golden Plates and Scepters, fome whereof 
 are 1300 Ounces in Weight, and he keeps a fplendid and 
 well-furnilhed Court. In travelling he rideth himfelf upon 
 a Camel, and one of his greateft Officers leads his Horfe after 
 him. He alfo in War rideth a Camel, but all his Soldiers 
 ride on Horfes. Whofoever will fpeak to the King, muft 
 proftraie himi'elf at his Feet, and then taking up Dull, muft 
 fprinkie it upon his own Head and Shoulders (a) ; which 
 Cuftom is obfgryed by them that never falutcd the King be- 
 fore, pr come as Embafladors from other Princes. His 
 Attendance confifts of 3000 Horfemen, and a great Num- 
 ber of Footmen, who ufc poifon'd Knows. They have 
 frequent Skirmiihes with thofe that refufe to pay Tribute, 
 and their Captives they fell to the Merchants of Tombuto. 
 There are not many Horfes bred here, and the Merchants 
 and Courtiers have certain little Nags to ride upon ; but 
 their belt Horfes come from Barbary. When the King is 
 informed of a Merchant's coming to Town with Horfes, he 
 orders a certain Number to be brought to him, and chufing 
 
 the 
 
 (a) Vide my Journal, p. 86.
 
 the Niger Nile, or Gambia. 71 
 
 the beft, he payeth a great Price for him. He hath fuch an 
 inveterate Hatred againft all Jews^ that they are not allowed 
 Admittance into his City ; and whatlbever Barbavy Mer- 
 chants he finds to traffick with them, he immediately com- 
 mandeth their Goods to be confiicated. The King at his 
 own Expence liberally maintaineth here great Numbers of 
 Doctors, Judges, Pricfts, and other learned Men. There 
 are Manufcripts, or written Books, brought hither out of 
 Barbary^ which are fold for more Money than any other 
 Merchandize. Inftead of Money, they ufe Barrs of Gold. 
 They have likewife certain Shells, v;hich are brought hither 
 from the Kingdom of Perfia^ and thofe they ufe in Matters 
 of fmall Value, 400 of which Shells are worth a Ducat ; 
 and fix Pieces of their golden Coin, with two third Parts, 
 weigh an Ounce. The Inhabitants are of a mild and gentle 
 pifpofition, and are wont to fpend great part of the Night 
 in Singing and Dancing. They have many Men and Women 
 Slaves, and their Town is very apt to be fet on fire ; when 
 I was there the fecond time almoft half the Town was burnt 
 down in the fpace of five Hours ; without the Suburbs they 
 have neither Gardens nor Orchards. 
 
 Of the Town of C a b k a, 
 
 THis large Town is built in mannet olr a Village with- 
 out Walls, and is fituate upon the River Niger, about 
 twelve Miles from Tomhuto : From hence the Merchants that 
 travel unto the Kingdoms of Gh'inea and Melli, go by Wa- 
 ter. The People and Buildings of this Town are not inferior 
 to thofe of Tomhiito ; and this Place is frequented by great 
 Numbers of Negroes that come hither by Water. In this 
 Town a Judge is appointed by the King of Tomhuto to decide 
 all Controverfies 5 for it were tedious to go thither on every 
 Occafion. 
 
 Abu Baer, firnamed Pargama, the King's Brother, is an 
 intimate Acquaintance of mine, who is black in Colour, but 
 moffc beautiful in Mind and Difpofition. In this Town are 
 many Difeafes, which carry off a great many People, and 
 which proceed from the unnatural Mixture of their Meats i 
 for they mix Fifh, Milk, Butter and Flefh, all together ; 
 v/hich Food is alfo commonly ufed m Tomhuto. 
 
 Of
 
 *ji TranJIaiions from Writers, concerning 
 Of the Town and Kingdom of Gag o. 
 
 TH E Great Town of Gago is without Walls alfo, and 
 is diftant Southward of Tombuto ahnoft 400 Miles, 
 inclining fomewhat to the South- Eaft. Its Houfes are very- 
 mean, except thofe in which tlie King and his Courtiers 
 live. Here are very rich Merchants, and it is much frequent- 
 ed by Negroes., who buy Cloth brought hither from Barbary 
 and Europe. In this Town there is great Plenty of Corn 
 and Flelh, but Scarcity of Wine, Trees and Fruits. It 
 aboundeth likewife with Melons, Citrons and Rice : Here are 
 many Wells alfo, in which is fweet and wholefom Water. 
 Here is a Place where Slaves are to be fold on thofe Days 
 when the Merchants aflemble, where a young Slave is fold 
 for fix Ducats ; ihey likewife fell their Children. The 
 King of this P^egion maintaineth a great Number of Con- 
 cubines and Slaves in a private Palace, which are kept by 
 Eunuchs ; and his Body-Guard confiits of a fufficient Troop 
 of Horfemen and Footmen. The King himfelf decideth 
 all his Subjedls Controverfies in a Place walled round about, 
 between the firfl Gate of the Palace and the inner Part 
 thereof; and altho' he difchargeth his Office with great 
 Diligence, yet hath he his Coun fellors, and other Officers, 
 namely, Secretaries, Treafurers, Faflors and Auditors. The 
 Plenty of Merchandize that is brought hither daily, and the 
 Sumptuoufnefs of every thing, is furprifmg to all People. 
 Horfes bought m Europe for 10 Ducats, arc fold here for 
 40 or 50 Ducats a-piece. The coarfeft Cloth of Europe is 
 here fold for 4 Ducats an Ell, if it be at all fine, for 15 ; 
 and for an Ell of Venice or Turkey-C\o\h-, they will give 30 
 Ducats. The Value oF a Sword is 3 or 4 Crowns. Spurs, 
 Bridles, and fuch like Commodities, as alfo Spices, are fold 
 at a great Rate ; but Salt is the deareft here of all Commo- 
 dities. Here are nought but Villages throughout the whole 
 Kingdom, which are inhabited by Hufbandmen and Shep- 
 herds, who in Winter wear Bealls-Skins, and in Summer go 
 entirely naked, except their Privities ; and fometimes they 
 wear Shoes made of Camels Leather. They are very igno- 
 noi-ant, for one learned Man is not to be found in the Space 
 cf 1 00 Miles. Grievous Taxes are continually impofed 
 upon them, fo that they are fcarce able to maintain them- 
 Iflvc?.
 
 the Niger-Nile, or Gambia. 73 
 
 0/ ^/^^ K I N G D o M <?/ G U B E R. 
 
 THIS Kingdom is fituate almoft three Hundred Miles 
 Eafhvard of Gago ; between them is a vaft Deiart, 
 which is in great Want of Water, being about fony Miles 
 diftant from the Niger. This Kingdom of Gtibcr is fur- 
 rounded with high Mountains, and its Villages, which are 
 many, are inhabited by Shepherds and other Herdfmen : 
 Here is great Store of Cattle both large and fmall ; here 
 is alfo abundance of Artificers and Linen-Weavers, and 
 they make fuch Sandals here as the ancient Romans ufed to 
 wear, which for the moil part are carried to Tomhuto and 
 Gago. It aboundeth likewife with Rice, and other Grain 
 and Pulfe, fuch as I never faw in ItaJ)\ but fomc Places of 
 Spahi I think produce the like. All the Fields of this 
 Kegion are overflowed at the Inundation of the Niger ^ at 
 which Time the Inhabitants call their Seed into the Water 
 only. Here is a Town confiiling of almofl fix Thoufand 
 Families, among whom are many Merchants. Izchia^ the 
 King of To?nbuto^ in my Time flew the King of this 
 Countiy, made Eunuchs of his Sons, and kept his Court 
 for fome Time here ; afterwards he fent Governors hither, 
 who tyrannized over the People, and impovcrifhed thofe 
 that were before rich ; moil Part of the Inhabitants they 
 made Captives, whom Izchia kept for Slaves. 
 
 Of the City ^/i^ Kingdom of KGKDKL. 
 
 THIS City bordereth on the Confines of Libya., and 
 not long ago was walled round : Its Inhabitants are 
 v/hiter than other iV^^ro^^, and their Houles are (lately, 
 built in the Fafhion of Barbary. The Citizens are for 
 the mofl part foreign Merchants, tlie reft are either Artifi- 
 cers or Stipendiaries to the King. Every Merchant is at- 
 tended by a great Number of Servants and Slaves in their 
 Journey from Cano to Borno ; that Road being fo infeited 
 by Thieves called Zingani^ that they dare not travel without 
 Arms for their Defence, which in my Time were Crois-Bows. 
 At their Arrival in any Town thsy immediately fet their 
 Slaves to fome Bufinefs, that they may not live in Idlenefs, 
 
 onlv
 
 74 Iranjlatlons from Writers, concerning 
 
 only about a Dozen they keep to attend upon themfelves 
 and their Wares, The King of this City hath conftantly 
 in his Retinue a Guard, and refides for the mod part at a 
 Palace in the Midft of the City : His Subjeds that inha- 
 bit the Defarts and Fields are moft regarded by him, for 
 they will fometimes expell their King, and chufe another ; 
 {o that whoever is moft in their Favour, is fure to be 
 King of Agadez. The remaining Part of this Kingdom 
 lieth Southward, and is inhabited by Shepherds and Herdf- 
 men, whofe Cottages are made of Boughs, and carried a- 
 bout from Place to Place on the Backs of Oxen. Their 
 Cottages are always built on the fame Spot of Ground 
 which they intend to feed their Cattle on, which is like- 
 wife the Cuftom of the Arabians. Large Duty is laid on 
 Merchandize brought from other Places ; and this Kingdom 
 pays yearly almoft an Hundred and Fifty Ducats to the 
 King of Tombuto for Tribute. 
 
 Of the Province <?/ G A N O. 
 
 THE great Province of Catio is fituate to the Eaft of 
 the Niger., almoft five Hundred Miles. The Inha- 
 bitants are fome of them Herdfmcn, and others Huf- 
 bandmen, dwelling in Villages : It produces abundance of 
 Corn, Rice and Cotton. Here are many Defarts likewife 
 and woody Mountains, in which are many Springs of 
 Water. In thefe Woods there is great Store of wild Ci- 
 trons and Lemons, the Tafte of which is not unlike the 
 beft Sort. There is in the Midft of this Province a Town 
 called by the fame Name, the Walls and Houfes whereof 
 are made of a kind of Clay ; the Inhabitants arc rich 
 Merchants, and very civil : Their King formerly was a 
 Man of much Power, and had mighty IVoops of Horfe- 
 men at his Command j but he has fince been tributary 
 to the Kings of Zcgzeg and Cajena.^ who were afterwards 
 trcachcrouily flain by fzchiay King of Tombuto., pretending 
 to be their Friend. He then waged War with the King 
 of Cam., whom, after a long Siege, he took, and obliged 
 him to marry one of his Daughters, replacing him on his 
 Throne on thefe Conditions, that he Ihould pay him the 
 third Part of all his Tribute ; for the Receipt of which 
 
 fome
 
 the Niger-Nile, or Gambia^ 75 
 
 fome of the King of Tombuto'^ Courtiers perpetually re- 
 lide at Cam. 
 
 Of tbe KiT^G DOM of CASEN A, 
 
 f^ASENA bordereth Eaftward upon the Kingdom lafl 
 ^ defcribed, and is full of Mountains and dry Fields, 
 which yield great Plenty of Mill-Seed. The Inhabitants 
 are of an exceeding black Complexion, with great Nofes, 
 .and broad Lips : Their Habitation is in poor forlorn Cot- 
 tages, none of their Villages containing above three Hun- 
 dred Families ; and befide their poor Condition, they are 
 mightily opprcflcd with Famine. They had formerly a 
 King, who was flain by Izchia, King of TombutOy fmce 
 whofe Death they have been tributary to him. 
 
 0/?/^^KiNGDOM ofZEGZEG. 
 
 TH E South-Eaft Part of this Kingdom bordereth on 
 the Confines of Ci7?io, and is almoft 150 Miles 
 diftant from Cafcna. The 'Inhabitants are rich, and 
 deal much with other Nations. This Kingdom is partly 
 plain and partly mountainous ; but the Mountains are ex- 
 tremely cold, and the Plains intolerably hot. The Sharp- 
 nefs of the Weather in the Mountains is fcarce to be en- 
 dured ; they therefore kindle great Fires in the Midft of 
 their Houfes, laying the Coals under their Bedlleads, and 
 fo go to lleep. Their Fields abound with Water, and 
 are exceeding fruitful, and they build their Houfes after 
 the Manner of thofe of Cafena. They in Times paft were 
 governed by a King of their own, who being flain by 
 Jzchia, they have ever fmce been fubjed unto him. 
 
 0/?/j^Region ^/ZANFARA. 
 
 THIS Region bordereth Eaflward upon Zegzeg^ and is 
 inhabited by poor and ruftical People. Their Fields 
 produce great Plenty of Rice, Mill, and Cotton. The 
 Inhabitants are q'^ a tall Stature, and a very black Com- 
 plexion, having broad Vifages, and moft favage and brutifh 
 
 Difpo-
 
 i^6 Tra^i/iatms from Writers, concernUig 
 
 Difpofilions, Their King likewife was flain by Izchia, and 
 themfelvcs made his Tiibutaries. 
 
 Of the T o 'w N ^nd Kingdom of 
 GUANGARA. 
 
 THE South-Eaft Part of this Kingdom bordcreth 
 upon Zanfara ; it is very populous, and governed 
 by a King, who maintaineth a Garrifon of feven Thou- 
 fand. Archers, and five Hundred Horfemen, and receiveth 
 yearly great Tributes : It contains none but poor frriall Vil- 
 lages, except one, which is fuperior to the reft, both in 
 Largenefs and fine Buildings ; the Inhabitants are very 
 rich, and have continual Dealings with the adjoining Nati- 
 ons. To the South of it there is a Region abounding 
 with Gold, but their Traffick is now . cut off with foreign 
 Nations ; for they arc environed on both Sides with moft 
 cruel Enemies, ]la^ing on the Weft Izchia, and on the 
 Eaft the King of Borno^ who, v/hen I was there, having 
 raifed a great Army, defign'd to expel the Prince oi Guangara 
 out of ''his Kingdom, only he was prevented by Homar, 
 the Prince of Gacga^ who 'began to attack his Kingdom ; 
 wherefore the King of Bonio returning with his Forces into 
 his own Country, was forced to give over the Conqueft of 
 Gudngora. When the Merchants travel unto the Region 
 abounding with Gold, they carry their Wares on Slaves 
 Backs, (for the Roads, on account of their Roughnefs, 
 are unpaftable for Camels) who being laden with great 
 Burdens, generally go ten or twelve Miles a Day, and 
 ibme of them make two Journeys in one Day. It's fur- 
 prifing to fee what great Loads they carry ; for befides 
 their Merchandize they carry Provifion for tlieir Mafters, 
 and likewife for the Soldiers that guard them. 
 
 Of the Kingdom (j/BORNO. 
 
 THIS large Province bordcreth Weftward upon Gu- 
 angara, and from thence extendeth itfelf Eaftward 
 five Hundred Miles. It is diftant almoft a Hundred^and 
 Fifty Miles from the Fountain of the Niger ; the South 
 - ^- Part
 
 the Niger-Nile, or Gambia. 
 
 Part adjoins to the Defart of Set, and the North Part to 
 that Defart that hes towards Barca. It's of an uneven Si- 
 tuation, Part of it being mountainous, and Part plain 
 the latter of which contains feveral Villages, whicli are in- 
 habited by rich Merchants, and produce great Plenty of 
 Corn. The King and his Courtiers dwell in a large Vil- 
 lage ; the Mountains bring forth Mill, and other Grain to 
 us unknown, and are inhabited by Shepherds and Hcrdf- 
 men. The Natives in Summer go nnked, fave their Pri- 
 vities, which are covered with a Piece of Leather ; but 
 in Winter they wear Skins, which they ufe for Beds alfo. 
 They embrace no Religion, neither Chrifian, Malmnetati^ 
 nor Jeiv'iJ}) ; but live after a Brutifh Manner, and have 
 Wives and Children in common; and (as a Merchant told 
 me that was with them a long Time) ufe no proper 
 Names, but each ]\lan receiveth a Name according to his 
 Length, Fatncfs, or fome other Qiiality, They are go- 
 verned by a powerful King, who is lineally defcended from 
 the Libyan People, called Bardoa. His Guard confifls of 
 Horfemen to the Number of three Thoufand; who are in 
 continual Readinefs, and likewife a great Number of 
 Footmen : All his Subjects pay him great Obedience, and 
 at his Command will immediately arm themfelves, and 
 follow him. They pay him no Tribute, but the Tythes 
 of their Corn 3 neither hath he any Revenues, but the 
 Spoils taken frcm his Neighbours in War. He is at per- 
 petual Enmity with a People dwelling beyond the Defart of 
 Sea, who formerly marching over the Defart with a large 
 Army, laid wafte a great Part of this Kingdom ; the 
 King immediately fent for the Barbary Merchants, and 
 ordered them to bring him a great many Horfes, for one 
 of which fometimes he gives fifteen or twenty Slaves. 
 They brought the Horfes, and were forced to flay for 
 their Slaves till the King returned Home in Triumph 
 with a great Number of Captives, and then he fatisfied his 
 Creditors : Som.etimes the Merchants ftay three Months 
 before the King's Return from' War but they are maintained 
 all that while at the King's Expcnce. Sometimes he doth 
 not bring home Slaves enough, and at other Times they 
 are conftrained to wait a whole Year together, for the 
 King maketh InvaRons but once a Year, and that at one 
 fjarticular Time. I myfelf faw fome Merchants, who 
 defpairing of the King's Payment, becaufe they had 
 
 trufted
 
 ^8 Tranjlations from Writers, concerning 
 
 truftcJ l;im a Year, refolved never to ierve him again 
 with Horfcs. Tile King, to all Appearance, is very ricli, 
 for his Spurs, Bridles, Platters, Difhcs, Pot?, and other 
 VelTels, arc all of folid Gold : The very Chains of his 
 Dogs arc Gold alfo ; ncverthelefs he is extremely cove- 
 tous, and chufes rather to pay his Debts in Slaves than in 
 Gold. This Kingdom contains great Multitudes of A'^f- 
 groci and other People, whofe Names I could not learn, 
 bccaufc I (laid here but one Month. 
 
 0/ ^/j^ K I N G D o M of G A O G A. 
 
 TH E Weftward Boundary of it is the Kingdom 
 of Borno ; it extcndcth Eallward to the Confines 
 of Nuhla : Southward it adjoincth to a Defart fituate upon 
 a crooked and winding Part of the Nile, and is cnclofed 
 Northward with the Frontiers of /Egypt: It is in Lengtli 
 five Hundred Miles from Eaft to Weft, and as many in 
 Breadth. The Inhabitants know neither Humanity nor 
 Learning, but are of a brutifti and favage Nature, cfpeci- 
 ally thofe that dwell in the Mountains, who go naked all 
 but their privy Parts : Their Houfes are made of Bough:; 
 and Rafts, on which Account they are fubje6l to Burn- 
 ing, They have great Store of Cattle, which they 
 watch with exceeding Diligence. Thcfe People were free 
 for many Years, till they were deprived of it by a Negro 
 Slave of the fixme Country ; who, one Night travelling 
 with his Mafter, a wealthy Merchant, and confidering he 
 was not far from his own Country, killed him, took Pof- 
 fellion of his Goods, and returned home : Then buying 
 fome Horfcs, he began to attack the neighbouring People, 
 and commonly came off" Conqueror ; for he led a valiant 
 Troop of Horfcmen againft liis Enemies, who could make 
 but a poor Dcfehce. By this Means he took many Cap- 
 tives, and exchanged them for Horfes that were brought 
 from Mgypt ; fo that at laft he was efteemcd by all the 
 Jfovereign King of Gaoga, He was fucceeded by his Son, 
 by no means inferior to him in Courage and Valour, and 
 he reigned forty Years. After his Death his Brother Mo- 
 fei came to tlie Throne, whom his Nephew Ho7nara fuc- 
 ceeded, who now bearcth Sway. This Hojnara hath veiy 
 much increafed his Dominions, and hath made a League 
 
 with
 
 the Niger-Nile, or Gambia. 79 
 
 with the Soldnn of Cairo ^ who frequently makes him 
 magnificent Prefcnis, which he niofl bouniiriilly returns : 
 He is alfo prcfentcd with precious and rarc'rhin;!;s by the 
 Merchants of /Egyf>t^ and the Inh.ihitaiKs of Culvo^ who 
 highly commend his l.ibcrahty. This Prince hath a gre.it 
 Value for all Men of Learning, and particulaily fucli ai 
 arc defccndcd from Mahomet, 
 
 Of the K'mgdom of Nubia. 
 
 THE Kingdom of Nubia bordercth Wcflwai-d upon 
 Gaogn^ from thence it llrctchcth itlelf to the x\7/V, 
 Southwardly it is enclofcxl by the Defart of GVcW, and on 
 the North-fide by the Confines of /Kgypt ; yet they cannot 
 pafs by Water from hence into Mgypt^ for in fomc Places a 
 Man may wade over the Nile on Foot. The principal 
 Town call'd Dangala is very populous,and containctlu 0,000 
 Families. They build the Walls of their Houfcs with x 
 kind of Clay, and cover the Roofs with Straw. They arc 
 civil, and very rich, having great Dealings with the Mer- 
 chants of Cairo and /h'gypt. All the other Parts of it arc 
 inhabited by Hufbandmen, who live in Villages fituate upon 
 the Nile. This Kingdom produceth great plenty of Corn 
 and Sugar, the Ufe of which is entirely unknown \.o ihcm. 
 In the City of Dangala there is flore of Civet and Sandal- 
 Wood. There is much Ivory here likcwife, bccaufe they 
 kill many Elephants. 
 
 The King is at continual War, partly with the People 
 of Gorariy who are defcendcd from the VAnganiy and inha- 
 bit the Defarts, fpeaking a Language unknown to all other 
 Nations ; and partly with other People living in the Dcfart, 
 that iieth Eaftward of the Nile^ and ftrctchcth itfelf towards 
 llio i?^ii-Sea, being not fiir from the Borders of Suacban. 
 Their Language (in my Opinion) is mix'd, refcmbling 
 very much the Chaldean 'J'ongue, the Language of Suachcay 
 and that o^ Mthiopia the higher, where Peter Giafinc is faid to 
 rule. The People are call'd Biigiha^ and are vi)f^ and mife- 
 rable, living only upon Milk, Camels Flcfh, and UiofeBcafts 
 they take in the Defarts. 
 
 And thus much concerning the Land of Negroes : The 
 Fifteen Kingdoms wdiereof agreeing much in Rites and 
 (^uftoms, are fubjcCt to Four Princes only. 
 
 C c £.v-
 
 So 1'ranjlallom from Writers, concerning 
 
 Extrati of LudolphusV Hiflory of 
 ETHIOPIA. 
 
 isrrlLUS, owing to Habajfia for its Source, for plenty of" 
 ■^ * Water, for Sweetnefs, Wholefomnefs, and Fertility- 
 of the fame, excells all other Rivers of the World. In 
 Sacred Writ, by reafon of its Excellency, it is fometimes 
 call'd The River abfolutely, and particularly Shachur, from its 
 black Colour ; and by the Greeks^ for the fame Reafon, 
 Melcs^ becaufe it runs with a black muddy Water. SOmS 
 of the Antients tell us, that it was then by the Ai.thiopians 
 call'd Afiapus ; and that the left Channel of it about Meroe 
 was named Jftabora, which others have undcrftood concern- 
 ing other Rivers that flow into Nile. But this we let pals as 
 obfcure and doubtful, v»'hcthcr m.eant oi Nilus and our yEthi- 
 fipians, or no ; for the J/^jj/Jines, in their vulgar Language, 
 have no other Name for Nile than that of Jbawi j and that, 
 as fome think, from, the Word Jb^ w}iich fignifies a Parent, 
 as if Nilus were the Parent of all other Rivers. But this 
 Derivation neither fuits with Grammar, nor does Aba-wi 
 iimply iignify a Parent^ neither, if you rightly confider it, 
 is it agreeable to Scnfe j for Nilus does not fend forth from 
 his o\\ •"! Bowels, but receives the Tribute of all other Ri- 
 vers : So that he may be rather faid to be their Captain and 
 Prince, than the Father of them. And therefore the JE- 
 gyptians, out of a vain Superftition, call'd him their Prefer- 
 ver^ their Sun^ and their Gcd^ and fometimes. Poetically, 
 Parent. In ouv ASthicpick^ or the Language of the Books, 
 this River is call'd Gejon, or Gevjon, by an antient Miftake 
 from the Greek Word Geon^ and that from the Hebrew 
 Word Gihon^ becaufe it feem'd to agree with the Defcripti- 
 on. Gen. ii. 13. which enccmpafjei the Lan6l of JEthiop'iz i 
 whereas it only encircles Goiam, but glides and pafles by all 
 the other Kingdoms of /Ethiopia. 
 
 If you objc6t, that Gihcn had its Source in the Terreftrial 
 Paradife, it is twenty to one but that they extol their own 
 Country for Paradife : For you mufl underftand, that many 
 of the Fathers of the Church v.'erc of the fame Opinion ; 
 which, that they m.ight defend, they brought the River 
 Nile imder Ground, and under the Sea, into j^gypt., well 
 knowing that no Body would follow them thither, leaving 
 their Readers to find out the Way. 
 
 C?r. 

 
 the Niger-Nile, o- Gambia. Si 
 
 Certainly the Antients never enquired fo curioufly into thd 
 Nature or Source of any River, as they did into that of Nile^ 
 neither were they e\'er lb deceived : For it was a thiiij!; alto- 
 gether unufual for any other River in the "World to over- 
 flow in the mod lultry Sealbn of the Year ; an Inundation 
 io wholfom and proiitable to /Egypt. So that the Ignorance 
 of the Caufe of it filled the Minds of the Antients^'v.-ith fd 
 much Admiration, that both Princes and private Perfonsi 
 defired nothing more than to know the Head of that River, 
 which was the Original of their Happinefs ; infomuch that 
 there were fome Emperors and Kings who fent great Armies 
 in quell of the Satisfaction of their Curiofity, tho' Vvilh ill 
 Succefs. Moll of the anticnt Geographers^ by meer Con- 
 jedure, placed the Fountains of the River beyond the Eq\n- 
 noftial Line, in I know not what Mountalm of the Mocn^ 
 to the end they might deduce the Caufe of its Swelling 
 from the Winter Rains of thofe Regions : For they could 
 not perfwade themfelves, that the Sun being in the Northern 
 Signs, fo much Winter or Rain could be fo near to caufe fo 
 great an Increafe of the Flood ; tho' there were fome who 
 made it out plainly enough, but that Credit would not be 
 given to them. But by the Travels of the Portugueze into 
 Ahyjfinia^ and the Sedulity of the Fathers, thofe Fountains 
 and Spring-Heads have been fince difcover'd, fo long and un- 
 fuccelsfully fought for by the Antients. Athanafins Kircher 
 has defcribed them from the Relation of Peter Pays^ who 
 viewed them himfelf. " In the Kingdom of G'^w/, fays he^ 
 and in the Weftern Part thereof, in the Province of Sabala, 
 which the Jgawi inhabit, are to be feen two round Spring- 
 Heads, very deep, in a Place fomewhat raifed, the Ground 
 about it being quaggy and marfliy ; neverthelefs the Water 
 does not fpring forth there, but ilfues from the Foot of the 
 Mountains. About a Mufquet-Shot from thence, towards 
 -the Eall, the River begins to flow ; then winding to the 
 North about the 4th part of a League, it receives another 
 River ; a little farther, two more, flowing from the Eaft, 
 fall into it ; atid fcon after, it enlarges itfelf with the Ad- 
 dition of feveral other Streams. About a Day's Journey 
 farther, by the Relation of the fame Ptiet\ it fwallows up 
 the River Jema; then winding Wellward fome 20 Leagues, 
 it turns again to the Eaft, and plunges itfelf into a vaft Lake." 
 This Relation differs not from what Gregory has difcourfed 
 to me, only he particularized the Names of the Countries^ 
 
 Cc a that
 
 82^ Tranfiations from Writers, concerning 
 
 that perhaps were the more fpecial Denominations of the 
 Places, of which Sahila was the more general Name : For 
 ns he related to me, the Spring-Head of Nile is in a certain 
 Lake call'd Secut, upon the Top of Dengla, which perhaps 
 is the Name of a Mountain. He alfo affirmed, that it had 
 li\'e Spring- Heads, reckoning in the Heads of other Rivers, 
 which have no particular Name, and are therefore taken for 
 the Nile. But it pafl'es thro' the Lake Tzanicum^ preferving 
 the Colour of its own Waters, like the Rhofne running 
 thro' the I>ake Lct?ian^ and the Rhine thro' Acrcmus^ or 
 the Lake De Zcll, Then winding to the South, it wafbcs 
 on the left Hand the principal Kingdoms of Abyjft?iia^ Ba- 
 gemra^ Amhara^ IFakka^ Seeiva^ Damota ; and takes along 
 the Rivers of thofe Countries BafI)lo, Tzohha^ Kecem, Jemay 
 Roma and TFancit. Then on the right Hand embracing 
 Gojam^ its native Country, almoft like a Circle, and fwell'd 
 with the Rivers of that Region, Maga^ Abaja, Afwari, 
 Temci^ Gult and Tziil^ it turns again to the Weft, as it 
 were bidding farewel to its Fountains, and with a prodigious 
 Mafs of ramafij'd Rivei-s, leaving Abyffin'm upon the right 
 Hand, rolls to the North thro' feveral thirfty Nations and 
 fandy Defarts, to enfertile Mgypt with its Inundations, and 
 there makes its wav thro' feveral Mouths into the Sea : For 
 the more certain Dcmonftration of the Truth, it will be of 
 particular Moment to inlert the Relation of Gregory him- 
 lelf, perhaps the firfi that was ever made publick by an 
 jEthicpiari. 
 
 " The Courfe of Nile is like a Circle, it encompafies Go- 
 jam, but for that it never returns back to its Head, making 
 diredlly to Seufiar; and therefore Gojam lies always upon the 
 right Hand of A7/t', but all the other Kingdoms of Ethio- 
 pia, as well thofe that lie near as thofe at a Diftance, remain 
 Hill upon the left. As it flows along, it takes in all the 
 Rivers great and fmall, with fe\'eral Torrents, as well Fo- 
 reign as Abyjftt:ian, v/hich by that general Tribute acknow- 
 ledge him their King ; who having thus mufter'd together 
 all the Waters of /Ethiopia^ jocundly takes his Leave, and 
 proceeds on his Journey, like a Hero, according to the Com- 
 jnand of his Creator, to drench the Fields of thirfty /Egypt, 
 and quench the Drowth of Thoufmds. 
 
 The Spring-Head of this Famous River firft (hews itfelf 
 in a certain Land, which is call'd Secut^ upon the Top of 
 Dengla^ near Cojarn, A Veil of Bagemdra, Dara, the Lake
 
 /^f Niger-Nile, or Gambia. 85 
 
 ©r Tzana and Bada. Rifing thus, it haftens with a diredl 
 Courfe Eaftward, and fo enters the Lake of Dara and ^i't/, 
 as it were fwimming over it. PalTing from thence, it Rows 
 between Gojafn and Bagemdra ; but leaving them upon the 
 right and left, fpeeds diredly tovvards Amhara. Having 
 touched the Confines of J?nhara, he turns iiis Face towards 
 ^the Weft, and girdles Gojam like a Circle, bur fo that Go- 
 jam lies always upon the right Hand of it. Havirig pafs'd 
 the Limits of Humara^ it wafhes the Confines of ^IVaMoy 
 and fo on to the extream Bounds of Magara and Shezva. 
 Then it Hides between Bigama and Gonga^ and defcends into 
 the Country of the Shankelites, whence he winds to the 
 right Hand, and leaves by degrees the Weftern Ciime upon 
 the left Hand, to vifit the Kingdom of Sejindr. But before 
 he gets thither, he meet with two great Rivers, that plunge 
 themfelves into his Stream, coming from theEaft; of which 
 one is call'd 'Tacaze^ that falls out of Tigra, and the other 
 Guangue^ that defcends from Demhea. After he has taken 
 a View of the Kingdom of Sennar^ away he travels to the 
 Country of Detigula^ and fo comes to the Kingdom of 
 Nubia^ and thence turns to the right Hand, in order to his 
 intended Voyage for Jlexandria, and comes to a certain 
 Country which is call'd Abrim, where the Stream is unna- 
 vigable by reafon of the Cliffs and Rocks ; after which he 
 enters Mgypt. Sennar and Nubia arc feated upon the Shore 
 of Nile^ toward the Weft, fo that they may drink of his 
 Waters ; befides that, he guards their Eaftern Limits, as far 
 as he approaches rear them. But our People and Travellers 
 from Sennar^ after they have crolled Nubia, quit the River 
 Niky leaving it upon the right Hand toward the Eaft, and 
 ride thro' a Defart of 15 Days Journey upon Camels, where 
 neither Tree nor Water, but only Sand, is to be fecn ; but 
 then they meet with it again in the Country of Rilfe, which 
 is the upper Mgypt, where they either take Boat, or travel 
 a-foot in Company with the Stream. " 
 
 But as to ivhat he wrote concerning the Flowing of great and 
 fmall Riven ints Nile, he explains him/elf in thefe Words : 
 
 •' All greater Rivers and fmaller 7 orrents flow into Nile, 
 excepting only two ; the one is call'd Hanago, which rifes 
 in Hangota; and the other i/dw^;, which runs near Dawara 
 and Fatagara. " 
 
 But as if this had not been enough, he goes on U'ith a farther 
 Explanation in another Epi/lle, as follows : 
 
 " But
 
 S4 ^ranflalions fromV^tiitriy concernini 
 
 <' But whereas I told you, in a Defcription of Nile^ that all 
 the Rivers of ^Ethiopia flow'd into it, except two ; I am not 
 to be underftood as if I fpoke of all jEthiopia : For thofe 
 Rivers that are upon the Borders of the Circuit o^ JEthiopia^ 
 which are near the Ocean, they fall into the Sea, every one 
 in their diilind Regions. Now the Countries adjoyning to 
 the Ocean are thefe, Canhat-, Guaraghe^ Enuria, Zandera^ 
 Wedy JViici^ Giui^ and fome others. " 
 
 The native Country of Nile being thus difcover'd, the 
 Caufe of his Inundation is manifeft : For moft of the Coun- 
 tries under the Torrid Zone, when the Sun returns into the 
 Winter Signs, are wafh'd, as we have faid, with immode- 
 rate Showers. So that the prodigious Mafs of Waters, that 
 rendezvoufes from all Parts, cannot be contained within its 
 Channel ; and therefore, when it comes into the Levels of 
 Mgypt, it prefently difburthens itlelf. Thofe Northern 
 Winds, from their anniverfary Breezes call'd Etefia, add 
 little to the Increafe. Tho' fome have written, that their 
 forcing the Sea againft the Mouths of the River, drives back 
 the Waters of Nile^ and augments the Caufe of the Deluge : 
 A thing not likely, in regard they are the moft temperate of 
 all the Winds, and blow only in the Day-time. Thus far 
 indeed they may prevail, as they blow flacker or ftronger, to 
 render the Increafe fomewhat the more unequal, and that is 
 all. Vainly therefore did many believe, that the Snow that 
 melted from the £thiopia?i Mountains, deluged into the Ri- 
 ver Nilus ; for them, that profound Tracer of Nature, ^t-- 
 neca^ has folidly refuted, which makes it a Wonder that 
 Paulus Jcvius fhould report the fame, as what he had ga- 
 ther'd from the certain Conjedures of the Abyjfines, who 
 at another time fpeaks of the very fame thing, as a great 
 Secret of Nature, which no Man had ever dived into ; 
 nav, he reproves it for Weaknefs, with an oftentatious Wit 
 to "be over-diligently curious in the Search of fuch Matters. 
 
 Yet tho' the Fountains of Nile are known, the Courfe 
 of it is not fo well difcover'd to the Ahyljines themfelves 
 after ii has left tliem. But the antient and conftant Report 
 is, that it docs not fall entii-e into Mgypt^ but that it is di- 
 vided into two Channels ; and that the right Channel runs 
 to the North, as is well known, but that the left runs Weft- 
 ward, and keeping a long Courfe divides the Country of the 
 Nigritcs, till it falls into the Ocean. This the antient 
 yEgyptiati Fik^s v ere not ignorant Qf 5 for Herodotus, the 
 
 fore-
 
 the Niger-Nile, or Gambia. S5 
 
 fofemoft in Hiftory, after he had difcourfed concerning the 
 Springs of Niky learnedly reports, That he had heard from- 
 an Auditor of the Money facred to Mitia-va, that half of 
 the Water of Nile flow'd Northward into /Egypt ^ the other 
 half Southward toward /Ethiopia^ which none of our Geo- 
 graphers either obferved or minded. But the Nubian Gco^ 
 grapher puts tne quite out of doubt , when he zurites, 
 
 " And in this Part of /Ethiopia are the two Niles parted ; 
 that is, Nilus which waters our Country, or Nubiii^ directs 
 his Courfe from South to North, and moft of the Cities of 
 ^gypt are feated on each Side of his Banks, and in his I- 
 llands. The other Part of Nik flows from the P^aft toward 
 the Weft, and upon this Part of Nile lies the whole Coun- 
 try of the Nigrites, or at leaft the greater Part of it. 
 
 jf little after he addsy comerning a certain Mountain : And 
 jiear to that, one of the Arms of Nile turns off, and flows 
 to the Weft: And this is the Nile that belongs to the Coun- 
 try of iheNigriteSy many of their Provinces lying upon it. '* 
 But near the Eaftern Side of the Mountain, the other Arm 
 turns off, waters the Country of Nubia, and the Land of 
 JEgypty and is divided in the lower Mgypt into Four Parts, of 
 which Three fall into the S>yrlan Sea, and the other empties 
 jtfelf into a Salt Lake, which is near \.o Alexandria. The Words 
 are every way moft clear, and very probable it is, That the 
 Separation of the two Niles might be caufed by the Refiflance of 
 fome rocky Mountain^ that conflrained the tiuo Streams to part, 
 fince they could not undermine it. To which the Words of 
 Leo Africanus relate, The Region of the Nigrites, thro" which 
 Nilus is fold to floiv ; which feem to intimate, that he had 
 heard fomething by Report concerning this fame left Chan- 
 nel. Nor am I a little confirm'd by the Judgment of Gre^- 
 gory, which he exprefled to me by Writing in thefe Words : 
 
 But as to what is reported^ that Nile does not flow alto^ 
 gether and entirely into the Land of ^gypt, but that it is 
 divided another IVay. " This, all thofe Peribns of whom I 
 have enquired, aver to me to be Truth. This I alfo in- 
 cline to believe : For Tnould it dcfcend entirely thither in 
 the Winter-time, the /Egyptians could never be fafe in their 
 Houfes. " But as to what concerns its Separation,'they fay. 
 That Parting happens after the River has pafjed by Sennar in 
 the Country ofD-AVigMlZy before it arrives in 'Nub'm: However 
 they fay. That the great eji Mafs of IVater flows into ^gypt, 
 and that the feparated Part runs direotly to the JVeflern Ocean, 
 
 yet
 
 86 Trafjjlatiofis from "Writers, concerhing 
 
 yet fo^ that it comes not into Barbary, but defcends toward the 
 Country ^Elwah, andfo throws itfelfinto the Wejlern Ocean. 
 Now, that the River Niger fhould be the left Channel of 
 Kile^ is moft probable from hence ; for that, as Pliny writes, 
 and Experience confirms, it partakes of the fame Conditions 
 with it, agrees in Colour and Tafte of the Water, it pro- 
 duces the fame fort of Reed, the fame fort of Papyr, and 
 the fame fort of Animals j and laftly, encreafes and over- 
 flows at the fame Seafons. Neither does the Name itfelf 
 contradift the Conjefture ; in regard, that, as we have faid 
 ITilus itfelf is by the Hebrews and Greeks call'd Niger, But 
 as to what the Egyptian related to Herodotus^ That the left 
 Channel Jlowed toward the South ; that, perhaps, might be 
 for fuch a Dillance of Land ; not but that afterwards it 
 might vary its Courfe, and wind towards tlie Weft. Which 
 Opinion, after I had communicated to the moft famous 
 Bochart^ fo highly ikillcd both in the antient and modern 
 Geography, and the beft Judge of thefe Matters, he wrote 
 me in anfwer : // eji tres vray, que le Niger ejl une Partie du 
 Nile : MoJ} certain it isy that Niger is a Part of Nile, 
 
 ExtraB from Herodotus, Lib, id, 
 
 "^T ONE of the /Egyptians^ or Africans^ or Grecians ^ with 
 -^^ whom I had any Difcourfe, would own to me their 
 Knowledge of the Fountains of the Nile^ except only a 
 Scribe of the Sacred Treafury of Minerva in the City Sais 
 in /Egypt. He, indeed, chcarfully told me. That he cer- 
 tainly was acquainted with them. But this was the Account 
 he gave : That there were two Mountains with peaked 
 Tops, fituate between Syene a Ciry of Thebais, and Elephan~ 
 tina^ the Name of one of which was Krophi^ of the other 
 Mophi, (a) That from the midjl of thefe two Mountains arofe 
 the bottomlefs Fountains of the Nile ; one part of its Stream 
 ran towards i^gypt and the North, the other part towards 
 i^thiopia and the South. But that the Fountains were bot- 
 tomlefs, he faid that Pfammeticus, a King of /Egypt, had 
 made the Experiment ; after having tied together Ropes of 
 great Length, and let them down into the Fountains, he 
 could not reach the Bottom. 
 
 •vp 
 
 (a) T«? wv ori ZY,-/u^ tS Nit'^ew is«/Va? u^utrrtv^, Ik th ft>i<roo rut 
 i£ft» revTfur ftfw. K.xi To fjut* Y.yunrv ra leuTOi fV Aiyu'crloti ftw, *a» 
 
 '%^W A LiiT
 
 
 A LIST of WORDS, 
 
 Knglijh and Mundingo. 
 
 ^TpHR Sun, Tillo. 
 
 JL The Moon, Corr^. 
 Fire, Dhnhau, 
 Rain, Sanju^ 
 Thunder, Corram-Alla, 
 Wind, Funnio. 
 Whirlwind, Sau, 
 Water, Gee, 
 Heat, Candeea. 
 Smoak, Sizee. 
 A Star, Lolo. 
 The Earth, Banco] 
 A Hill, Coanco. 
 A Rock, Barry, 
 A Sand, Kennekenne^ 
 The Sea, Bdto hau. 
 A River, Bato. 
 An Ifland, Joiiloe. 
 The Eaft, "Tillo "jjoolita. 
 The Weft, Tillohwita. 
 A Year, (or on? Rain) 
 San]u killia. 
 
 God, u4lia. 
 The Devil, Buaw, 
 Hell, Jehonama. 
 AGrandfather,/r<?^ ha'4 
 A Grandmother, Moo- 
 fa ban. 
 A Father, Fau, 
 A Mother, Bau. 
 A Brother, Barrin-kea, 
 A Sifter, Barrin-moofa, 
 A Wife, M?^/^. 
 A Servant, Buttlau. 
 A Stranger, Leuntong^ 
 A Man, /T^^. 
 A Woman, Moofa. 
 A"WhiteMan,Tbto^i7, 
 A Faftor, Msrc adore. 
 A Singing- Man, J<?//;y- 
 
 A King, Manfa. 
 A Thief, Suffear. 
 A Fool, Toorala. 
 
 » A
 
 A L I r. T <y^ W o R D s, 
 
 A Drunkard, Serrata. 
 A Whore, Jelly moofa. 
 A Slave, Jong. 
 A Witch, Buaw'i ^^. 
 Devil. 
 
 A Lion, Jatta. 
 A Seahorfe, Mal^. 
 An Elephant, Samma. 
 ElephantsTooth, ^avi- 
 
 ma-mng. 
 A Wolf, Sillo. 
 A W^ild Hog, Seo, 
 A Camel, Comaniong. 
 A Florfe, Soohoe. 
 A Mare, Soohoe moofa. 
 A Cow, Neefa moofa, 
 A Bull, Neefa kea. 
 A Calf, Neefa nd'ing, 
 A Sheep, Cornell. 
 A Deer, Toncong. 
 A Dog, IVoclloe. 
 A Great Dog, IFoolloe 
 
 hau. 
 A Cat, Ncancom. 
 A Crocodile, or Alle- 
 
 gator, Bumh. 
 A Cameleon, Minnire. 
 A Goat, ^^w. 
 A Baboon, Co;z/(?. 
 A Snake, Sau. 
 A Fowl, Soofee. 
 A Cock, Doontoong^ or 
 
 Soofee kea. 
 A Hen, Soofee moofa. 
 A GuineaWtViiCommee. 
 An Owl, Buaw\ i. e. 
 Devil. 
 
 A Duck, Brue. 
 An Oyfter, Oyfire!^ 
 A Fifh, Heo. 
 A Loufe, Cra7ikeel 
 An Egg, Soofey killy: 
 Honey, Lee. 
 Sugar, 'Tohauho Lee. 
 Bees- Wax, Leconnio, 
 Palm -Wine J Tangee. 
 CiboaAVine, Banket, 
 Nuts, Tedh. 
 Salt, Coe. 
 Butter, 'Tooloo, 
 Milk, Niinm. 
 Bread, Mungo, 
 
 Paper, Coito. 
 
 Corn, Neo. 
 
 Amber, Lamlre, 
 
 Cryftal, Cryjlall. 
 
 Silver, Cody^ 
 
 Brafs, Taffo. 
 
 Red Cloth, Murfee^, 
 
 Beads, Connum. 
 
 Pewter, I'affo qui. 
 
 A Canoa, Caloon. 
 
 A Ship, 'Tohauho Calooj:, 
 
 A Gun, Kiddo. 
 
 Gunpowder , Kiddo 
 mungo. 
 
 A Bullet, Kiddo cajfy. 
 
 A Bow, Ciilla. 
 
 An Arrow, Bennia. 
 
 A Knife, Moroo. 
 
 A Fork, Garfa. 
 
 A Cutlafs or Sword, 
 Fong. 
 
 A Spoon, CooUar. 
 
 A
 
 Englifli avd MundingOi 
 
 A Cloth, Faum. 
 A Bed, Larong. 
 ACheli-, Conneo. 
 A Chair, Sercng. 
 A Table, AJeJb. 
 A Barrel, Ancoret. 
 A Candle, Candca, 
 A Pipe, Da. 
 A Calabafh Merong, 
 A Plate, .Praia.. . 
 A Medicine, Borvu. 
 War, Mly. -^ ■ ; 
 Friendlhip, Barr'ialem. 
 A Town, Cunda. 
 A Houfe, Soo^ 
 A Room, Boong. 
 A Door, Dau. 
 A Window, JenelL 
 The Head, Coojg. 
 The Mouth, Dau. 
 The Tooth, Ning» 
 Tlie Leg, Sing. 
 The Hand, Bulla. 
 flight Hand , Bulla, 
 
 bau. 
 Left Hnnd, BuUa nding. 
 Left Leg, Sing 'nding. 
 Right Leg, S:?ig bau. 
 White, ^li. 
 Black, I in. 
 Red, IVoollitna. . 
 Handfome, Neemau. 
 Dirty, Nota, 
 Great, Bau. 
 Little, I^'difjar. 
 .Sick, Mun-candee. 
 Well, Cafjdff. 
 
 Dead, SaU. 
 Good, Abetty. 
 Bad, Munbetty. 
 True, Atoniala: 
 Falfe, Fumiiala* 
 Lazy, Narita. 
 Fearful, I.,^unee, 
 Hot, Candeea. 
 Cold, Alinny. 
 Dry, Mindo. 
 Heavy, Cooleata.^ 
 Hard, Acoleata^ 
 Sweet, Timeata. 
 Sour, Acommota. 
 Stinking, Acooneatal 
 Drink, verb, Amee, 
 Hear, Amoi., 
 Touch, Ametta. 
 Feel, Mamaung. 
 See, Ajubee. 
 
 One, Kdlin. 
 
 Two, Fcolla. 
 
 Three, Sabba* \ 
 
 Four, NanK 
 
 Five, Looloo. 
 
 Six, Ord?. 
 
 Seven, Oro7iglo\ 
 
 Eight, iS)<?. 
 
 Ninq, Coniinli. 
 
 Ten^ Tb;zg-. 
 
 Eleven, -Jc^?^ «/;/^ z^//- 
 
 Twelve, Tong ningfool- 
 
 la. 
 Thirteen, ^oKg ning 
 
 fahba. 
 a 2 Four
 
 [^ 1 1 S T ^f W O R D S, ^L\ 
 
 Fourteen, I'ofj^ ning 
 
 iiani. 
 Fifteen, Tovg ning looloo. 
 Sixteen, ^ong ning oro. 
 Seven teen , 7ong ning o- 
 
 ronglo. 
 Eighteen, ^ong ningfye. 
 Nineteen, 'Tong jiing co- 
 
 nunti. 
 Twenty, Mwau. 
 "XKiny^Mwau ningfong. 
 Porty, Mwaufcolla. 
 Fifty, Mwaufiolla ning 
 
 long. 
 Sixty, Mwau fahha. 
 Seventy, Mwau fahha 
 
 ning long. 
 Eighty, Mwau nani. 
 Ninety, Mwau nani 
 
 ning tong, 
 A Hundred, Kemin'j. 
 A Thoufand, IVoolly. 
 
 I, Inta, 
 You, Itta4 
 
 This, Ning. 
 
 That, Olim. 
 
 Sit down, Sse dooma\ 
 
 Rife up, lVooll}\ 
 
 Go, Ta. 
 
 Come, Na. 
 
 Come here, Na ifat re? 
 
 I know, j^io. 
 
 I don't know, Mak. 
 
 How do you do ? A- 
 
 nimhatta montainia? 
 Swearing by Mumbo 
 Jumbo, Tykinniani 
 ma-ma-mau. 
 
 I will give, M^fa deei 
 
 Take, Amoota, 
 
 Sell, Sawn. 
 
 Buy, ditto. 
 
 What do you want ? 
 
 Laffeta munntim. 
 Nothing at all, Feng 
 
 A P-
 
 APPENDIX. No. I. 
 
 CmitraU of the Author imth the African 
 
 Company, 
 
 THIS INDENTURE, made 'the Twenty-third 
 Day of July, in the Year of our LorJ One Thoufand 
 Seven Hundred and Thirty, and in the Fourth Year 
 of the Reign of our Sovereign Lord GEORGE the fecond, by 
 the Grace of God, King of Great-Britain, kc. Defender of 
 the Faith, ^c. Betzoeen the Royal African Company of England 
 of the one Part, and Francis Moore of Londgn, Writer, of the 
 other Part. Whereas the faid Company upon the good Tefti- 
 mony and Character, they have received of the faid Fraxii 
 Moore, have entertained him the faid Francit Miorc into tlieir 
 Service in the Quality of a Writer at jfames Fort on James I- 
 Jland, in the River Gambia, or elfewhere, as the Company, or 
 any of their Governors or chief Merchants for the Time being, 
 at any of their Settlements in Africa, within the Limits of 
 their Charter fhall dirccH: and appoinr, for the Term of three 
 Years certwn, to commence from the time ot his Arrival at 
 James Foit, on James If and aforefaid, and for as long time 
 after as he fhall be by the faid Royal African Company conti- 
 nued in the Place or Faftories hereafter mentioned, to be em- 
 pteyed in all or any of their Traffic^, PvferchandizC'?, Bufmcls or 
 Affairs in any Place or Places v.'hatfoevcr in Africa, wherein tlicv 
 or any by ihcm authorized fhall chink fit to ufe or employ 
 him. Nozu this Indent twe Witneffefh, that the faid Francis Moore 
 for himfcif, his Executors and Adminillrators, doth covenant, 
 promifc and agree to and with the faid Company und their Suc- 
 
 33 fcITors
 
 ^ APPENDIX. Nc. L 
 
 cedors by thcfc Prefents, that he the faid Frnnch Moore /hafl 
 and will from henceforth during the faid Term of three Years 
 and every part of the fame, and for fo long Time after as he fhall be 
 ufed or employed in the faid Service oi the laid Company or their 
 Succeffors well, duly and honeftly ferve the faid Company and 
 their SuccefTors in all and every fuch Place and Place?, and all and 
 every fuch Affair and Bufmcfs whatfoever, wherein they or fuch_ 
 as fhall be authorized fhall employ or intrull him. And fhall .alfo 
 from time to time, and at all times obferve, keep, and pu:fue all 
 and every the Orders, Direcflions or Inftruftions, which from time 
 to time he fhall receive from the faid Com.pany, cr any other Per- 
 fon or Perfons thereto authorized, or appointed by them, and to 
 the utmoft of his Power and Skill refift, and withi1:ana all andcvery 
 fuch Perfon or Perfons as fhall break, or enJeavour to break the 
 faid Orders, Direfli®ns and Inlbudions, or any of them, or fiiail 
 attempt or pradlile any Matter or Thing whatfoever, to the Hin- 
 drance or Damage of the faid Company or their SucceiTorf, or of 
 their Goods, Merchandizes, Trade or any of them, or any Part 
 thereof. And as much as in him lies alfo prevent and defeat all 
 and every fuch Praflices, Attempts and Adions whatfoever, which 
 ■fhall or may tend to the Damage, defrauding or Prejudice of the 
 faid Company, or their Succeffors, or of their Goods or Traffick, 
 or any Part'thcreof in any wile ; and that he fliall and will fiom 
 time to time, and at all times from henceforth conceal v\ iihout 
 difclofing to any Perfon or Perfons whatfoever, all fuch M-i'ters as 
 be delivered unto him as Secrets by any of the Agents, Factor.', 
 or any other OfHcers of the faid Company, or "their SuccefTors 
 that may any ways concern the faid Company, or their SucccfTor,-, 
 to have the fame 'concealed. And further , that he the faid Tr.vuis 
 Moore fhall and will from time to time, and at all Times from 
 henceforth, give true Notice and Intelligence, with all convenient 
 Speed unto the laid Company or their SuccefTors for the time be- 
 ing, or to fuch a', fhall be by them authorized in that behalf, or 
 fome of them, ol all and every intecded Deceits, Wrongs, A- 
 bufcs. Breach of Orders, Inconveniences and Hindrances, as he 
 the faid Francis Moore fhall know, cr undcrfland, or credibly hear 
 to be contrived, done, praftiled, offered or intended to be done 
 againft the faid Company or their SuccefTors, or their Goods, or 
 Trade, or any of them, or any Perfcn or Perfons by them employ- 
 ed, or in their Service in any Place or Places ; together with the 
 Names of thofc Perfons by whom the fame fliall be fo contrived, 
 ofFered, pradtifed, or intended. . Ani alfo, that he the faid Francis 
 Moore fhall and will from time to time, and at all times from 
 henceforth, during his faid Employment, keep a true and parti- 
 cular Journal of all his Proceedings relatir^ to the Affairs of the 
 
 faid
 
 No. T. A P P E N D I X. 3 
 
 faid Company, and alio Books of Accompts, wherein he fhall daily, 
 duly, and truly enter the Accompt of all 'and every j->Biticu!ar 
 Buying, Selling, Receipts, Payment?, and all oilitrTniifaflions ic- 
 luing lu his Trull in the faid Employment; and fliall not charge, 
 {'ace, or put tq the Accompt of the faid Company for any 
 tioods, iMcrchandizes, Negroc Servants, or GoU, which he fl:a''l 
 buy, any more or greater Sumr, or other Things than he fhiU 
 really and bona fide \>i.y ^ deliver, or oxhange for the Time. And 
 alfo fhall bring to Account in the faid Book^, the fall Rates and 
 Prices of all fuch Goods and Commodities as he fliall fell, bar- 
 ter, or pay in Exchange for any Negroc Servants, Gold, Elephants 
 Teeth, Beefwax, or other Commoditie?, which he (hall be allow'd 
 to purchafe for the Accompts of the Company. Which faid 
 Books fhall be produced and delivered to the' faid Company, or 
 any other by them appointed to receive the fame, whcnfoevcr tlic 
 fame fhall be demanded or fent for. And lliall alio on Demand 
 well and truly deliver and pjy unto the faid Compiny, or their 
 SuccelTors, all and every fuch Monies, Gccls, Negroe Servants, 
 Gold, or Merchandize whatfover, as ty the Foot of the iame Ac- 
 count or othcrwife fhall appear to be aue to him, or to remain ia 
 his Hands or PoflcfEon, 05: for which he ought to be chargeable or 
 anfwerable in any Manner whatlbver. And moreover, the faid 
 Francis Moore doth for himfelf, his Heiry, Executors, and Admi- 
 iiillvators, covenant and promifc to and with the Company and 
 their Succeflbrs by thefe Prelcnt?, that he the faid Francis Moore 
 fliall nor, nor will at any Time from henceforth during the time 
 of his faid Service, direflly, or indireclly, by himfelf or any 
 other, deal in, ufc, or pradlife any buying, felling, trading, bar- 
 tering or merchandizing in any Gold, Negroe Servants, Ammuni- 
 tion, Goods, or Commodities of any Sort or Kind whatfocver. 
 And fhall not engage or employ either the Stocks of the faid 
 Company, or any Part thereof, or make uf: of the Credit of the 
 faid Company in trading for any Commodities either for him- 
 felf or any others. And farther, that in cafe he the faid Francis 
 Moore fhall at any Time hereafcer, during the time of his Em- 
 ployment in the Affairs of the faid Company, or before he fhall 
 be difcharged out of their Service, dircdily or indircftly by him- 
 felf or any other, with his own Moiey or Merchandize, or with 
 his own Credit, or with the Money, Merchandize, or Credit of 
 any other, deal in, ufe or p'aflife, any B'lying, Scllin^;, trading 
 or merchandizing for himfelf, or for any other Perfon or Perfons 
 whatlbever, but only to and for the proper Ufc, Ecn^fU;, and Ac- 
 count of the faid Company or their SucctfTon : That then he 
 Iball lofe and forfeit to the faid Company his growiig Wags or 
 Snlaiy he eafter mentioned, and the Arrears thereof. And alfo 
 ai! kich CommiiTion Mo?.ey as fliall ;h:n be or b:::.';-;e dw; to 
 
 ^ ! h m
 
 4 APPENDIX. No. I, 
 
 him from the faid Company. Neverthelefs all and every other 
 the Covenant?, Claules, Contrafts and Agreements in thefe Pre- 
 fents contained, fliall {land and be in lull Force and Virtue. And 
 moreover^ the faid Francis Moore doth for himfelf, his Heirs, 
 Executors, and Adminiftrators covenant and grant to and with the 
 faid Company and their Succeffors, that in cafe he the faid Fran- 
 (is Moore or any other inTruftforhim, or by his Order and Direc- 
 tion fliall contrary to thefe Prefents, buy, barter, fell, trade, or 
 merchandize in-or with any of the Good?, Negroe Servants, Gold^ 
 and Merchandize above-mentioned, or in any other Goods, or 
 Merchandizes whatfoever ; that then he the faid Francis Moore, 
 his Executors and Adminiftrators upon Demand after every fuch 
 buying, felling, trading, or merchandizing in any of the Com- 
 modities prohibited as aforefaid, or in any Aierchandize whatfo- 
 ever, Ihall and will pay unto the faid Company or their Succcflbrs, 
 for and upon all Sorts of Merchandize, as a Damage already agreed 
 on and adjufted, after the Rate or Price of three hundred Pounds 
 Sterling per Tun, and fo for a greater or Iciler Quantity than a 
 Tun : And alfo for Gold four Pounds Sterling per Ounce, and 
 for Negroes twenty Pounds Sterling for each Negroe. And alfo, 
 that he the faid Francis Moore fhall from Time to Time, and at all 
 Times from henceforth, with rU convenient Speed givelntelli: 
 gence and Notice to the faid Company, or their Succeflors for the 
 Time being, as well of all and every fuch Perfon or Perfons who 
 now are, or at any time hereafter fliall be employed in the Ser- 
 vice or Affairs of the faid Company, as fliall uie, exercife, or 
 praftife am' Trading, B^iying, Selling, or merchandizing in any 
 Place or Places in any the Commoditie?, Negroe Servants, Gold, 
 or Merchandizes above-mentioned, or in any other Merchandizes 
 whatfoever, cither to, from, or on the Coalt of Africa aforefaid, 
 'or any Place within the Limits of their Charter, other than for 
 the proper Account and Benefit of the faid Company, and their 
 Succeflors : As alfo of zvcry Particular of the fame trading and 
 dealing according to his befl: Knowledge 'and Undcrftanding. 
 And alfo, that he the faid Francis Moore fliall and will from Time 
 to Time, when and as often as he fliall be thereunto required by 
 Letters, Order;;, or Authorities from the faid Company, re- 
 move to any of their Faftorics where they fliall fo direft, require, 
 or appoint him. And alfo fliall come and return for England, 
 when he fliall be by the Order and Diredion of the faid Com - 
 pany thereunto required. And in cafe the faid Francis Moore 
 fliall refufe or negleft to remove or to return into England when 
 he fliall be thereunto required as aforefaid ; that then it fliall 
 and may be lawful to and for any Perfon or Perfons, thereunto 
 authorized by the faid Company, to feizc upon the Perfon of him 
 
 the
 
 N. t APPENDIX. 5 
 
 the faid Frnvcis Moore, and fend or bring him the faid F/^vcit 
 Moore to and for Enghnd as aforefaid. And alfo to fcizc upon, 
 fecure, and inventory all and every the Goodi, Merchandize:, 
 Negroe Servants, Gold, and all other the Chattels of liim tlie faid 
 Francis Moore in liie Parts and Places oi JfrUa withtii tlic Liiniis 
 of the Chartcis of the faid Company, and the fame to tnnfmic 
 and fend over into England to the faid Company, there to rcll iu 
 the PofTeffion of the laid Company, until the faid Francis Mtoi^ 
 fliall clear his Ac-corn pts, and make good what he fhall owe or 
 Hand indebted ro the laid Company, jiiid lajlh, the faid Francis 
 Moore doth covenant and agree to and v/ith the faid Company, 
 that he fliall and will at all Times, and in all Things during the 
 Time of his Service as aforefaid, faithfully and diligently ufc, 
 behave, and demean himfclf as a good and faithful Servant to- 
 wards the faid Company and their SuccelTors, and thofc by them 
 authorized. Jnd the faid Royal y^/V<^« Company in Confidera- 
 tion of the Covenants and Agreements in thefe Prefcnts contain- 
 ed, to be done and performed by him the faid Francis Moore, 
 and provided that the faid Covenants and Agreements be fevcrally 
 and refpeftively done, performed, fulfilled, and executed by him 
 the faid Francis Moore, and not othervvife, do for themlch-ei and 
 their Succeffors covenant and agree to and with the idxii Francis 
 Moore, that they fhall and will pay and allow unto him the faid 
 Francis Moore the Wages and Salary of thirty Pounds Sterling per 
 Annum (and Diet according to the Company's preient EilablilTi- 
 ment) in Manner following, (that is to iay) two third Parts thereof 
 yearly and every Year, and the other third Part to remain in tiie 
 Hands of the faid Company, until the End or Expiratioii of 
 the Time agreed upon for him the faid Francis Moore to I'erve the 
 faid Company, and then, and upon his the faid Francis Mmx'^zXoAx- 
 ing and evening all Accompts which flull be between him and 
 the faid Company, the fame fiiall be paid and dehvcred unto hinx 
 the faid Fr^xm Moore, his Executor:, Adminiftraiors or Affigns. in 
 Witnefs whereof the faid Royal JJrican Company of England 
 hath to one Part of thefe Indentures caufed their common Seal 
 to be affixed, and the faid Francis Moore to the other Part of thefe 
 Indentures has fet his Hand and Seal, the Day and Year iirlt 
 above written. 
 
 Jtrrti
 
 APPENDIX. No. II. 
 
 Inftruclions to he obferi^ed hy Mcjprs Wilmlk 
 Roberts and Francis Moore, FaUors^ at 
 Joar. 
 
 Meflrs WiUiam Rokrls^ 
 
 and 
 Francis Mactr, 
 
 '^atnes Fort, 22 y arm art ^ 
 
 OU R laft to you, Mr Roberts, was of the 15 th Tnflant, 
 which, acknowledged the Receipt of your Letter oftheytU 
 wi:h your Books of Accoinps, all which we have perufed, 
 but nave not as yet had Time to give you our Obfervations thereon. 
 This now goes by the Fame S/ocp, Capt. yobri Boys, and lerves 
 to cover Invoices of fundry Goods and Merchandize, amounting to 
 4674 Bars, 4 J. o^. which we hope will come fafe to Hand, and 
 prove to Content, they being in all Relpefts agreeable to your 
 own Indent. 
 
 V/e are in the firll Place to acquaint you, Mr WJliam RolertSy 
 that whereas the Company in their Letter to us, have figniiied 
 their PJcafure concerning Joar Factory, that it being a Place of 
 great Truft, ought not to be left under the Diredtion of one 
 Fai5lor ; You are hereby required to admit Mr Francis Moore to 
 be your Colleague, and from the Receipt hereof to be with you 
 jointly concerned in the Management of the Company's Affairs, 
 and for the better carrying on the fame, you are to obferve, that 
 nothing be tranfafted but what fhall firft meet with theApprobatiqn 
 of the other ; for as you are equally concarned and accountable, 
 fo it is but rcafonablc that each Perfon fliould have it in his 
 Power to prevent any thing being done that to him fhall fcem 
 to be to the Prejudice of the Company. You are therefore on 
 Receipt 'hereof (if you, Mr Moore, are not fatisfied that the Re- 
 mains in Store do correfpond with Mr Roberts's Books from ihz 
 I ft Inftant) to take an Inventory of all the CompanyN EfilfU a: 
 ihc Eaftory firft, and which if it ftiould be thought rccelTary to be 
 done, you arc hereby required and direded, that Capr. Boys be 
 ihcrc prcfent, in order to enable liim 10 fign and leftifv to u.=, thn: 
 
 the
 
 No. IT. A P P E N D I X. 7 
 
 the fame is an cxa£l and jufl Inventory of all tlic Con'ipany''i Ef- 
 fed;s there. 
 
 The Company has highly reflefted and refentcd our Condiift 
 for fuffering and pailing by without niowing due Refentmcnc, (by 
 difcharging all fuch Fadors and ctherj in tic Service, and fend- 
 ing them home with fuch Charafters as they defervc, in order 
 that they recover tiie Damage} of their Bondlmen) to all thofe 
 who have fquandered away and liave been lavifli oi tlicir Capital 
 Goods, even in Trade, and other ways appropriated them to 
 their own Ufcs ; to fuch wlio have run thcmfelvcs in Debt, parti- 
 cularly thofe who have left Powers of Attorney behind them, and 
 to thofe in particular who are at Out Fadories, fuch as formerly 
 made good Remittances of dry Good', and of late none; thc)-, i;i 
 particular, the Company abfolutely commands us to ufe with no 
 flio.v of Compaffion, nor admit of any Exciife or Pretence, but 
 forthwith to fend them home as aforefaid, they being but too 
 well alTured, that the Reafon proceeds from tlie Fadlors applying 
 them to their own Ufes. They alfo complain very mucli of 
 thofe that give their Money witlioi!t fhevving good Reafon for 
 fo doing, a id rhey requiie f)r the future, that all fuch be placed. 
 to the raftor'i Accompts, and in Default of which, they will 
 place the 'ame toouri. Thefe ftr:£t Injunftions of the Company, 
 and the Reproaches we have received, curying with itafiiow of 
 Juftice, rs you, Mr R ien\', cannct but allow, Witneis your owa 
 Books lately come down, to fav nothing of thofe at Gcrcgia, 
 where above 120 Bars were deficient more than you cared to 
 own, and for whic-i you gave i\Ir. Payzani the inclofed Note : 
 We fiy thofe Reproaches, ijc. oblige us to acquaint you than 
 no Excufe will avail with us for the future, in cafe vcu re- 
 lapfe into any of thofe Proceedings before mentioned ; and that 
 there flvill be no room left to plead any Excufes, we repeat to 
 you the following Orders, which you, Mx Tuoore, mult alfo 
 obferve for your future Government, zi'Z. 
 
 \Ji. ' You are to obferve, that the keeping of your Boo'rs do 
 
 * commence immediately after you have taken an Inventory, 
 
 * and at .the latter End of Mr<rch next to lend down ati 
 
 * Abftrac^ or Ballance Sheet of your Accompts to that time, and 
 
 * at the latter End of June, two Setts of your Books, {jAz- Joui- 
 ' nal and Ledger, and fuch other Books as are ncceflkry to be 
 
 * kept ballanccd and figned by your felvcs, one of which to be 
 
 * fent to the Company, the other to remain here on thc Fort. 
 
 zdl)\ ' You are on no Account 'to omit' fending us an exaft 
 ' Journal of the real Goods as well as Price you pay for whatever 
 
 * Slaves, Teeth, Wax, or Gold you remit to the Fort from time 
 ' to time, \% hereby we may fce__ m v.hat manner you trad^, 
 
 and
 
 6 APPENDIX. No. IL 
 
 and to give you Credit for the fame in our Books, conforma- 
 ble to the Company'^ Inflruflions. 
 
 3^/y, ' You are to take a particular Care that you charge no 
 Goodj upon Trade, but what you really and bovafide pay for the 
 fame ; and as it has formerly been a Cuftom to enter Goods giveri 
 in Prefents on account of Trade, as paid for the Trade ycu af- 
 teiv.Ards made, you are now to charge all fuch Prefents in 
 Trade, i^c. in diliintl Accompts by itfelf, that the prime Coft 
 of all Trade may appear in your Books without any additional 
 Charge-, Ly which Means it will be a Guide for new Comers 
 hereafter to go by. 
 
 Afthhj, * You are to be very frugal in your Expencc?, and on 
 no account to make unneceffary Prefents, and for fuch as you 
 find uecefFary to make, you are to be very particular, in expref- 
 fing the fame in your Books, affign.ing your Reafons for fo do- 
 in?, and for what Account ; without which it is the Company's 
 exprefs Orders to us to charge all fuch Expenccs, l^c. to your 
 relpeflive Accompts. 
 
 <^ihk, * You are to be very careful and circumfpcft in your 
 Choice of Slaves, that you on no account purchafe any but fuch 
 as Ihall be merchantable, free from Sicknef;, Diftempers, Rup- 
 tures, and lofs of Limbs ; all fuch as you fhall purchafe that appear 
 to have any of the above Ails, cr are otherways unmerchant- 
 able, are (is the Company directs in fuch Cafe.-) to be placed to 
 your Accompt?, charging you for each Slave 50 Barrs, without a 
 Power to difpofe of the fame again, unlefs you firll obtain Li- 
 berty from the Governor and Council for {o doing. 
 
 btkl-j^ * In cafe of Mortality of any Negroe% you are to enter 
 the fame in your Books, and charge no more than the prime 
 Coil of the Slave that dies, drawing out two Certificates, fpecifi- 
 ing the Manner of his flying, with the Diftemper as near as you 
 caneuefs, which Certificates muft be attefted by whatever White 
 Men are at the Faftory, and fend the fame to the Fort, one of 
 which to be fent to the Company. 
 
 'jthh, ' You are to omit no Opportunity of advifing us of the 
 State of your Affairs, whereby we may be able to fend you 
 whit Supplies you may have Occafion for from time to time, 
 and if no Opportunity happens in 15 Days, to fend a Mef- 
 fenger. 
 
 8/-6/y, ' You muft take particular Care, that the Company's 
 Goods fuffer no Damage, either by the Bugabugs, or any other 
 Accident, the Company's Orders being, that all fuch Goods as 
 are damaged by your Negleft, are to b; charged to your Ac- 
 compts. 
 
 nr/Vy, ' You are on no Account to abfent your felves from, the 
 Failory, unlefs Lcav9 be firft granted }"0u from the Governor, 
 
 * and
 
 2^0. II. APPENDIX. ^ 
 
 * and then for no more than one, to prevent Loffes in the ncan 
 
 * time. 
 
 loi/j/y, ' You are on no Account whatever to lend any of the 
 
 * Company's Servants or Natives any Money, except thole tliac 
 
 * refide with you, except you receive particular Orders for fo 
 
 * doing from the Governor or chief Merchants. 
 
 i\th/j, ' Whereas the Company has of late received great 
 3 Abufes hy their Servants, appropriating to their own Uics a 
 
 * great deal of dry Good?, viz. Teeth, Wa.Y, Gold, and often- 
 times Slaves, and it being one and the chief Reafon, we have 
 
 * recalled Mr. Saxiy from Jo/Jr, and rendered him unfit to fcrvc 
 
 * the Company : You arc hereby to obferve and take due Notice, 
 
 * that you are not on any Pretence whatfoever, to take to your 
 
 * Account, difpofe of, fell, barter, or deliver to any Perlon or Per. 
 
 * fons, any Slave?, Teeth, or Wax, on any Account ; neither 
 
 * are you to buy any of the faid Commodities, nor any other 
 
 * Perfon or Perfons for you (for any other Ufc, Intent, or Purpofe, 
 
 * or Account, than the Royal Jfrican Company of England.) 
 
 * And for the better preventing fuch grofs Abufes for the future, 
 
 * you are hereby to obferve, that for every Pound of Teeth, or 
 
 * Wax, which you Jhall fell, barter, deliver, or make u.'c of, with- 
 
 * out our previous Knowledge and Confent thereto, you Hiall be 
 
 * mul£ted lOO Barrs, (fuch Wax excepted as fhall be judged ne- 
 
 * celfary to expend for the ufe of the Fa£lory) for <^\zxy Slave 
 ' 200 Barrs, and for every Barr, or Sixteenth Part of an' Ounce 
 
 * of Gold too Barrs, and be rendered incapable 'to fcrvc the 
 
 * Company hereafter. 
 
 Having inferted the above Orders, you are farther to obferve, 
 that as we have no immediate Call or Demand for Slivc?, you arc 
 not to exceed 40 Barrs a Head, and above 4 of Silyer, Iron, and 
 Cryflal, all Charges and CuIIo.tis included, efpecially Silver, of 
 which we have but s^ry little, and not fufficient to ajifwer the 
 Demands that the Trade for dry Goods requires. We therefore 
 think it a Matter of the greateft Confequcnce to endeavour to 
 reduce it to three Barrs a Head in that Cojnmodity, provided in 
 lieu thereof you advance in Brafs and Arrangoes to 5 or 6 Barrs 
 a Head ; the only Reafon we have not to gi\e yoa Orders percm- 
 torily to give no more than three, i;, becaufe we would williugly 
 prevent the Merchants from paffing down. On that Confidcra- 
 tion only we would have you give four, the Prevention of 
 which would perhaps ftrengthcn a Propofal the Company have 
 given us Orders to make the French Company about fuppl) ing 
 them with Slaves on certain Confiderations, w hich probably they 
 v/ould come into the fooncr, when they find it is in our Power 
 to prevent the Trzde ficm coming down to their Favflory.
 
 to A I^ i» E N D I X No. IT? 
 
 We having faid 'vh^t we thought proper on the Slave Trade, 
 come next to that of Gold, Elephanti Teeth, ani Eeefvvax, Com- 
 modities that the Company llrenuoufly recommend us to encourage, 
 and as iuch we dhb in the moil preTing Manner repeat to you ; 
 and'as you have a Competitor (Capt. Clark) with you, you are at 
 Liberty to out-bid him, rattier than any fhould fall into his 
 tJands. And now we have given you this Liberty, we fhall 
 think it your Neglc£l intircly and ill Management, if any falls to 
 his Share, efpccially as you have a far better AiToitment of Goods 
 tlian hepolTibly can have. 
 
 As for Cotion, you arc to buy none but what's cleaned from 
 the Seed?, except you can get it cleaned by the Natives before 
 you remit it down ; ard this we ftrcnuoufly recommend, if it is 
 poflible, even if you could get but 25 Pounds for an Iron Bar, or 
 any other of the bell Goods. 
 
 The Company cxpcdls that by this Time you've procured a 
 ^rc-;t Quantity of the Allum Salt, and that it is refined according 
 to the Receipt fent you. We don't find that they will accept of any 
 Excule whatfoever. You are thoeforc reapply yourfelves with all 
 Care and Vigilance, and in particular to fend us the Reafons to 
 the contrary, that we may remit them to the Company, they be- 
 ing not fatisf.ed but that it is our Negledl only. 
 
 They alfo recommend us to give Orders to all our Out-Faftor?, 
 and efpecialJy to thofe at Jci^r, and which we now repeat to you, 
 that you endeavour to procure what Quantities you can of the follows 
 ing Commodities, and to give Encouragement to the Natives to 
 promote the fame, c/z. Indigo, Hides, a fort of Spice or Pepper, 
 which grows in Jcgm, Goat Skins, Deer?, and Buffaloes Horn?, 
 Vahna C^Jri/ii Seeds, Gvims, and three Sorts of Wood, called Iron 
 Wood, B'tpeloe, and Jau dc Sangrec, which arc to be cut as 
 large as can be, fo as to be fit for Embarkation. 
 
 And as the Company will admit of no Lxcufes from us, add 
 plainly tells u?, our Non-performances proceed from our Negli- 
 gence, and not commanding our Fadlors to purfiie the fame, and 
 to give due Encouragement : We fhall expcft without fail your 
 Ani'wers to thofe, that the Company may at leaft be fatisfied with 
 our Endeavours we mc^n in Regard to our giving the neceflk- 
 jy Orders. We therefore expefl that j«3u'll exert yourfelves, and 
 give ail due Encouragement, and as to the Prices v.-e mult leave it 
 to your own Prudence t") agree with the Natives in the beft Man- 
 Jicr you can, or othcrwi.'e, what Reafons you can have to urge 
 to tl.e conrmry. 
 
 We have had from fundry Pcrfons good Informations, that the 
 King of Barf ally had laid a Foundation of forming a bad Defign 
 againft tlic Company's Faftory, and their .Afiairs, on account of 
 your having fcizcd his Slave for Theft ; to prevent which, and 
 
 that
 
 No. n. APPENDIX. It' 
 
 tliat of two Evils, the leaft is to be chofcn, v:c have rclcafcd him, 
 it not being proper by any Means for the iaJ<e of gaining one 
 Slave to run To great a Riique, as the (liipping him off would 
 in all Probabiliiy create ; lo that all we can lay on that Head, is 
 to recommend more prudent Meafurcs for the future, and net to 
 take Wolves to ^vatch your Sheep. 
 
 You are to acquaint old Serin Don/o w'nh our Orders concerning 
 the Trade, and that Mr Rogers can't poffibly come up, but 
 tliat Mr Harrifcn will in his way up the River call there 
 in about a Fortnight's Time ; in the mean Time acquaint him 
 that we expeft the Performance of his Promifcb to us when down 
 here, in every Rclpcd. 
 
 You are not to detain the Sloop longer than while you are 
 unloading her, and than you have finilhed the Survey as afore- 
 laid, provided it is thought meet. We have not lo add but 
 refnain 
 
 Tour Friends end Servants, 
 
 Anth. Rou;ers. 
 Tho. Harrilbn. 
 
 
 j\P:
 
 
 APPENDIX. No. III. 
 
 TRANSCRIPT of a PAPER dif- 
 covering a Quantity of Gold up the Ri- 
 ver GAMBIA. 
 
 It is fuppofed to have been written by one that had got 
 great Riches in King Charles the Second's 'time by his Pro- 
 grefs up that River. His Defcriptions of the Openings and 
 Turnings of the Gambia, the Inlets of other Rivers into 
 it, the adjacent Mountains, &c. ?7iay be a good Guide to 
 Undertakers, how to find out the Place where our Au- 
 thor met zvith Gold, even to Satiety. TVho he was can 
 fcarce be knoivn, he having conjured his Friend to the 
 "grectefi Secrecy, being {as is fuppofed) afraid to be known 
 or talked of, lefl he ft?ould be commanded away by the King 
 and. Government, upon another Expedition from that peace- 
 able and fiitisfa5fory Retire77ient he enjoyed, after his Ac- 
 quifition of fufjicient Wealth. 
 
 YOUR Importunity, together with my Gratitude to you, 
 for your moll curious Informations and Inftruftions in 
 the Mechanicks (without which, I ccnfcfs, my Labour had 
 becQ in'vain) has extorted that from me, wliich, I confcfs, the Re- 
 fohition I had a-ncw taken to the contrary, hy refolving never to 
 divulge either lor Love, or Force; to which End I expcft, ac- 
 cording to your faithful and folcmn Vovsrs of Secrecy, both of* 
 the B'jfinefs itfelf, and likewife of which I would not fliould be 
 known to the King for looco/. being content with what Propor- 
 tion it hath pleafcd God to afTign me, as well as with the King's 
 Revenues. Nor fhall I wholly, or fuL'y, difcovcr the vaft Propor- 
 tion of Gold I difcovcrcd tliere, being fo much, jiot fit to be 
 communicated to Paptr, as not knowing to whofe Eyes, or 
 through whofc Hands this may come. I fhall only tell you, I 
 was more troubled to dbfcure its Abundance from my Fellows, 
 thnn to bring down uliat I got; and I ain confident, that if your 
 fdif go upon this Defi^'n, and follow theDircftions of my Jour- 
 nal, and, attain your Piirpofe, you your Iclf will be of my Opi- 
 nion ; for as it is fa id, Ik hat mil thc whli War Id profit a Mau. 
 
 if
 
 No. III. APPENDIX. 33 
 
 if he Icfe his Soul : So I fay. What will the Riclic: of both ti.e 
 Indies advantage, if thereby you forfeit your Security, Life and 
 Freedom ; And how will you be aflurcd of any of thefc, if there 
 Things {hould come to theJCnowlcdgcof fuchas have Power of you, 
 and to command you in what they pleafe ? '1 hat I do crdly tell 
 you, did I not value my o./n Peace ar.d Quiet at <6 high a Rate 
 as I do, 1 fhould come willingly, and manifefl. it to his Sacked 
 Majefty ; tho' ] am not fatisfied in that neither, as not knowing 
 %vhether the Information may prove good or bad to tLe PublicJc ; 
 however I conjure you a-ne \', that, whatever you attempt, you 
 conceal me, fo that diretflly or indlreflly ! be not difcover'd. 
 
 If you go on the Buhnefs, let your Eoat be fl.u-bottom'd ; for 
 mine, being fome feven ' ons, or ; hereabout, and made after the 
 common Fafhion, was extremely trojblefome, both at Fords and 
 at Falls, where we were forced to unhde her ; aind, having un- 
 laded her, to heave her, Or launch her over Land : You ought 
 alfo to have a little Boar for common Ufe, which you will frnd 
 extreme ufeful. You advifed mc to take 20 Pounds of Quick- 
 filver for Trials ; if you go, take at leall 100 Pounds, for fome 
 in working will be loft, as you know better than mylclf: Your 
 Advice alfo for 50 Pounds of Lead is too little, take i 50 Pounds, 
 much more you cannot well carry, for the peilering of your Boat. 
 The Sal Jrmoniack 1 ufed little of, for it I can give you no 
 Advice : The Borax I ufcd all, wiflied for more ; if you go, cafry 
 50 Pounds : My Sand ever did me great Service, 1 ulcd it all, 
 better have 10 Pounds too much than too little, there.'bfe take 40 
 Pounds, i am confident, if I had carried the Philofoplier's Bet- 
 lows, I had done very well-; I was fo troubled with fitting the 
 other, tho' I confefs them better when a-nev/ placed. Antimor.ici 
 horn did me little Service ; J believe it rather from my Ignorance, 
 or wanting the perfeft Ufe and Inftrudion you gave me. Ingots 
 I would take two, I carried but one, I wanted another for Expe- 
 dition. Wedges i 2, with a Sledge or two, or Beetle ; for about 
 12 Englip Miles from the firft Fall, or fomewhat more to the 
 Southward, in the Side of a barren Rock, looking Wcft^vard, 
 there is a Cliff in the Rock, rather moft rich 
 
 between the Stones, almoft half a Handful thick in fome Places. 
 Our Pickaxes did here ftand us in no great ftead ; but having with 
 us fome Iron Tools, that we could hardly fpare, with much ado 
 made a fcurvey Iron Wedge, and prefcntly we found the Benefit 
 of that for fome i 2 or 14 Days, till improvidcntiy one of us dri- 
 ving the Wedge up to the Head, and not having another to rc- 
 liev*e it, we \\ere forced to leave It behind ub, to our great Lofs 
 and Grief. Wooden Bov^ls from England, fix or eight, are very 
 neceffary, and will do better than Gourds, that 1 was forced to 
 make ufe of; you ma\ take Store of them, 'tis no Sore. 
 
 Foc 
 
 b
 
 ,4 APPENDIX. No. III. 
 
 For the Crucibles I muft inform, that four large melting Pots, 
 in our large Work, will (lead you much, and make better Dif- 
 patch than 6 Nefts of Crucibles ; tho' you cannot well fpare thofe. 
 I was forced to make ufe of a broken Earthen Pot, that I carried 
 along with me ; I made ufe of it till it broke ; had I had Crucibles 
 and Pots enough, I had brought fo much Gold in Sand or T)-ber. 
 
 For the feparating and diiTolving Waters, I ufed but little, be- 
 caufe their Ufe was troublefome, neither had I Conveniencies to 
 erect a Still afliore ; but for the J^.'^a Regis I us'd it all, and could 
 have done more, if I had had it ; yet, in my Opinion, the Trials 
 of Quickfilver are better, had I had it : But I carry Coals to Neiu- 
 tajlle ; you know better the Operation than myfelf. Let your 
 Mortar be of Iron, and large ; I wilh I had follow'd your Dire- 
 ftions in that, for my Brafs one put me to a double Trouble, and 
 I was enforced to leave the Refining of much, till I came into 
 'England, for the Mercury got a Spurca from thence, which is com- 
 municated to my Gold, which no Art, I underftand, could free ic 
 from ; in this Particular you left me lame, or my Memory much 
 failed. 
 
 There is a Tree much like cur Corners in England, but very 
 large, which we felled, and made a Shift to make Charcoal o^ 
 which we did thus ; we cut ofF the Boughs, for we wanted a Saw, 
 and therefore could not meddle with the Body of the Tree, and 
 cut them into fhort Pieces ; then we digged a good large Pit, or 
 Hole, in the Ground, about a Yard wide, and fo deep, or deep- 
 er ; in the Bottom we kindled a Fire, and filled it with Wood, 
 and when it was well burnt, threw Earth upon it, and damped it, 
 and when it was cold, we took out the Coals : You will eafily find 
 the Place, if you obierve but the Cautions : You will come to 
 a broad Gathering-together of Waters, not much inferior to Ron- 
 nander Meer, in the Edge of Lancajhire. Here we fpent a Week 
 in feai ching many Creeks and In-falls of Rivers, but we followed 
 that which points South Eaft and by Eaft. My miferable Igno- 
 rance, in the Mathematicks, cannot dired you, neither for Longi- 
 tude nor Latitude. Up the buffing Stream, with fad Labour, we 
 xvrought, and fometimes could not go above two Miles in a Day. 
 You muft pafs the firft Fall ; yet there my Exceed of Gold was 
 47 Grains from lo Pounds of Sand. When we or you come to 
 the upper Fall, you will be much troubled, I believe, as well as I, 
 to get )-our Boat over Land ; but being up, proceed till you come 
 to the In-fall of a fmall Stream to the South, diredly thence liflen, 
 and you {hall hear a Fall of Waters ; you cannot get your Boat 
 thither, by reafon of the fmallnefs of the Brook ; )'ou will there 
 find our Reliques on the fide of the Rock, with many of our 
 Names, I mean Letters of our Names, cut with our Knives. 
 Here, the' the Sand, by the Walh, yield plentifully, yet do you 
 alccnd the 1 op of the Rock, and, pointing your Face diredly 
 
 Welt,
 
 No. III. APPENDIX. ,5 
 
 Weft, you will obferve a Snug of Rocks fomewJiat to the Lcfc 
 Hand of you ; and under that, if the Rains and Force of Wea- 
 ther have not walhed away the Earth and Stones, you will dif- 
 coyer (they being unmoved) the Mouth of the Mine itfelf; where, 
 being provided with Materials fit for that Work, you will not dc- 
 fire to proceed any further, or with a richer Vein. 
 
 Take this, all along, for a conflant Rule, which I, in my 
 Search, obferved up the River, That in the low, and woody, and 
 fertile Country, I could never find either Metal or rich Mine, but 
 always among barren Rocks and mountainous Countries, and com- 
 monly accompanied with a reddifli kind of Earth. Other Inftru- 
 dlions I fliall not give you, being (as I conceive) a thing ncedlefs 
 to you, unlefs I ihould return you your own Principal, this being 
 but only the Intereft of what is due, befides that Obligation which 
 tieth me unalterably to remain, ^c. 
 
 I began my Voyage up the River, December the 4th, about two 
 Hours before the Sun fet ; in my Company no more than kwcn 
 Men, befides myfelf, all Englifh, and four Blacks, whereof one 
 was a Maribuck, who, being acquainted with the Portugal Lan- 
 guage, I intended for an Interpreter, if I Ihould ftand in need ; 
 but the main was, to help us in our Labour againlt the Stream. 
 My Provifions were chiefly of two forts : For my Voyage and for 
 Accommodation, three Barrels of Beef, ten Gammons of Bacon, 
 two Barrels of white Salt, befides Bay-Salt for Trade ; alfo two 
 Hoglheads of Bisket, befides Rice ; half a Barrel of Gunpowder, 
 and Shot proportionable ; Strong- Water, Vinegar, Paper, Beads, 
 Looking-GlaiTes, Knives 18^. /fr Dozen, fome Iron, little Brafs- 
 Chains, Pewter-Rings, and a deal of fuch-like Stuff, as Occafion 
 permitted : The other fort of Provifions were, a Pair of Gold- 
 fmiths Bellows, Crucibles four Nelts, Scarnelles two Neds, Quick- 
 filver. Borax, Sal-Armoniac, Aqua-Regis, Aqua- Fortis, a Mortar 
 and Peftle, and Leather Skins to ftrain. Bads Scoops and Ladles 
 with long Handles, to take up Sand, and other Implements for 
 my private Defign: AH which had laden my Boat far deeper than 
 I defir'd ; for thereby I drew much Water, which, I was jealous, 
 might hinder our Progrefs over the Flats, if we Ihould meet with 
 any. 
 
 December the 7th, we arrived near Settico, being 14 or 15 
 Leagues above where our Men Itay'd j but pafl'ed one half League 
 further up, where we anchored, the River there being broad, we 
 always chufing the Middle, as being freeft from Dillurbance, tho' 
 it oft fell out otherwife ; for our ugly Neighbours, I mean the Sea- 
 Horfes and Crocodiles, (it feems) ill pleafed or unacquainted with 
 any Co-Partners in thele watery Regions, did often difturb us in 
 the Night, not only with their ugly Noifes, but their Vicinity to 
 our very Boat, which cauf«d us to kwp Watch. 
 
 b 2 De-
 
 i^ APPENDIX. No. III. 
 
 Dccrmhr the 23d, we were much troubled that Day with get- 
 ting, over a Flat, under the Wafii of a ftccp and high IV'Iountain 
 bearing South. Here I firfl put in Pradlige my Dcfign, and took 
 up fome Sand at the firft Trial of the Ford, and out of five Pounds 
 Weight cf that Sand, got three or four Grains of Gold. 1 tried 
 alfo in another Place of the fame Ford, but did get lefs. I faw 
 nci.iher Town, ncr Houfes, nor People, fince we left Barracunda. 
 
 'January (hs, 14th, at a Ford between two high Mountains, I 
 tried again ; and out of 10 Pounds Weight of Sand, I wafhed 30 
 Grans cf Gold. I nrade a 'Jrial likewife witli Mercury, and 
 found out of 5 Pounds 47 Grains. Here my Hopes increafed, 
 yet refolved to trv higher- 
 
 January the 27th, \\c were much troubled with great Trees, 
 that lay in the V.'ater upon the Si^e of a Rock, on a fragg}% bar- 
 ren Mountain adjoining. I afcended, with three Men with me, 
 to make Difcovery ] nd carrying a Pick-axe with me, as we 
 \v(jre digging ip a Piece of Ore, as I conceiv'd, we were af- 
 faulted wiik an incredible Number of monftrous great Baboons ; 
 whom no Oratory but cur Guns could perfuade to let us retreat to 
 our Boats ; for having killed two or three of them, fo incenfed the 
 rtft, that had not the Report of our Guns terrified them, J verily 
 believe they would liave torn us to pieces : Having attained our 
 Boat, I fell to try my Ore, which proved hut a Sparre. 
 
 February the 6th, I made a Trial of a certain glittering Sand, 
 which I took up from tlie f de of a Rock, the River here inclining 
 South'A ard, with a fudf'en Turning likf' an Elbcw. The Wafh of 
 this nfforded 41 Grains from 10 Pounds Weight of Sand: By other 
 Trials, from 5 Pounds Weight of SanJ, 57 Grains. Here I 
 thou.ht to Riake a Stand ; yet, upon more ferious Advice, had re- 
 folved to proceed. 
 
 February tlie i 5_thj at Night, .1 Sea-Hor'e ftruck our Boat thro' 
 with one of his 1 eelh, which troubled us fore, being all bad Car- 
 penters ; \'> hich caufed us to unload her on a fmall Pinnacle to mend 
 her ; and, to prevent the like Mifchief for the future, I invented 
 this Device, To hang a lanthorn at our Stern ; and thereby we 
 were freed from all after-Troubles of that Nature, they not da- 
 ring to come within three or four Beats length of Light Ihining in 
 t-ie Watef. 
 
 February tjie 24th, I tried the Ufe of Firga Divina, upon a 
 Jiigh, barren' and rocky Mountain : But, whether it afforded nd 
 Metal, or w}iether my Rod, bi'ing cut in England, and being dried 
 and carried far by Sea, had loll its Virtue; or \\hether it hath no 
 fuch Qrality fw hich I rather believe) I am not certain. However 
 py Coinpanio'ns laugli'd mc out of the Conceit. 
 
 March the 1 6th, Between two mountainous Rocks iffuedaCrcekj 
 jnd putting up therein, difcover'd a Fall of Waters from the South 
 cf the River. Here, making Trial by the Way, I foi^nd 03 
 
 ■ • Grain-. 
 
 I
 
 No. in. APPENDIX. 17 
 
 Grains of Gold from 5 Pounds Weight of Sand. Other Trials, 
 more exa6V, afforded very large Proportions ; fo that here we 
 fpent 20 Days; and, plying hard our Work, in that 'lime had 
 gotten 12 Pounds, 5 Ounces, 2 Pennyweights, 15 Grainy, of 
 good Gold. 
 
 March the 31 ft. Our Materials walling apace, I was willing to 
 try furtlier, here beginning our greatelt Toil ; for often in a Day 
 we were conftrained to ft.ip ourfelves, and leap into the Water, 
 with main Strength to iorce our Boats over the Flats. Nor was 
 this our greatell Aftlidion ; for the River- Water fmelt fo {\\ eet 
 and musky, that we could not drink of it, nor drefs our Meat 
 with it ; and, as we conceive, by reafon of the Abundance of 
 Crocodiles, which have the fame Scent. 
 
 Jpril the 7th, We perceived the In-fall cfafmall River South, 
 the Current quick, the Land all rocky and mount.iinous ; and, in 
 the Silence of the Night, could hear the Noife perfedlyof a great 
 pall of Waters ; and before the Mouth of it anchor'd that Night. 
 
 In the Morning into that we put, and came as near the Fall as 
 we well could. Our Water failed; but our indefatigable Indu- 
 ftry overcame all Difficulties ; for, what I could not by Watt:, I 
 did attempt by Land : Where aniving, 1 found the long expected 
 End of our mofl toilfome and long Voyage ; for I believe never 
 any Boat, nor any Chrillians, have been lo high in that River, as 
 we. Here, upon the firit Trial I made, the Exceed of Gold was 
 fo much, that I was furprized with Joy and Admiratif n : How- 
 ever, here 1 was re olved to fet down my Staff; and to that End, 
 the f rft thing I did, was to go the Loat ; and about 
 
 a League and half thence I found Wood. Here ue pradi'ed to 
 turn Colliers, and laded our fmall Boat with as much as 1' e could 
 well carry back ; we went and fell to Vv ork, for which 1 hope 
 (to G o D alone be Praife) none of the Company hath Caufe to 
 repent, for the great Pains and Labour he took, tho' we chu;e the 
 worll: Time of the Year almoil:, the \^'aters being then at the ve- 
 ry lovNeil; but had we gone immediately after the Rains, which 
 is yu»e, July and Aitgujt, or before the W ters we:e fallen io 
 low, we had been free from much of that < rouble, at Fords and 
 |="all5, by having Water enough to carry us over. 
 
 O^^l^ 
 
 ^^.^^ 
 
 A P-
 
 S* APPENDIX. No. IV. 
 
 APPENDIX. No. IV. 
 
 ExtraBs of Letters from the Qoief Merchants 
 at Gambia, to the Royal African 
 Coin^any^ relating to the Gum-Trade. 
 
 James Fort, Sept. 23, 1733.' 
 Tarag. ^.IKTT'E have proceeded to make Difcove.ies up Vin'aln 
 W River, which falls on the South into the Gambia 
 about 3 Leagues above the Fort, which River hitherto v. as not 
 known above Geregia by the Company's Servants here : For this 
 end Mr John Hall, Faftor at Geregia, was fent in a Long-Boat, and 
 he found at four Tides beyond Geregia a very fruitful Countrv, and 
 the People very civil, and much more induftrious, as he fays, than 
 they are in thefe Parts, and ve.y felicitous to have the Company 
 fettle among them. The People, as their Country is rather more 
 fruitful, fo are their Towns more thick and numerous than here- 
 abouts, and their Cattle and Fowls are of a larger Breed ; and, I 
 believe, that a large Quantity of Cotton, Indigo, and fome Hides 
 may be procured from thence. I have a Sample of Gum by me, 
 that they promife Quantities of ; and by the Defcription of the Tree 
 and Leaves, feems to be the fame I find mentioned in the Hiftory 
 of Drugs, that the Gum Jrabic or Setiegal comes from : I have 
 made Trial of it, and I find it to be of a different Nature from all I 
 have hitherto met with in thefe Parts, which diffolves into a Mu- 
 cilage J but this is of a fliffand glewy Nature, as Gum Jrabicznd. 
 Gum Senegal ; and therefore, I am fure, if we can depend on the 
 Natives, as to the Quantity promifed, it w ill be a valuable Com- 
 modity. I intend about November next to pay a Vifit to thefe 
 Parts in order to make further Obfervations, and to do what is 
 ncceflary to promote the Trade there; and, if pleafe God to give 
 me Health, I (hall afterwards prococd to J oar, to try what can 
 he done as to the Allom Earth there, and that we procure 
 what 'Quantity we can to fend to England ; we have likewife dif- 
 patched a few Hands to cut fome Bijhelo Wood at Geregia. 
 
 R. Hull.
 
 No. IV. APPENDIX i^ 
 
 James Tort, Dec. 5, 1734. 
 Parag. 5.T Have now fucceedcd in my Attempt for the Difcovery 
 J[ of Gum Se?iegaly or rather Gum Gambia, and for 
 bringing the Whole of that Trade into the Company's Hands only. 
 Among the reft of the Samples, you have a fmall Parcel of this 
 Gum, fuch as never before came from Gambia, whxh was fent Jr.e 
 by yonco Sonco oi "J anemaroiu ; to whom, when here about 12 
 Months fince, I gave Encouragement for to fend two Moors of hia 
 Acquaintance, named Malacai Con and Malacai See, inland on the 
 North of that Port; which they purfued, and Tome Months fince 
 they returned with Sugcefs, and lent me a Sample by a Canoa that 
 was up the River before the Frefties came on ; fince which, as foon 
 as the Frelhes would give me leave, I fent up Capt. Bro-v.n to 
 that Port with Inftruftions, in order to get the bell informations 
 as to the Country, Diftances, iff<:. a Copy of which, and rhe An- 
 fwer you have herewith inclofed, and likewife my Remarks there- 
 on; by all which I do not doubt but to procure tliis Trade with 
 great Advantage to the Company. The Gum is very fine, and 2 
 great part may well be called Gum Arabic, and will ferve the 
 Purpofes both Gums are ufed for, as well as cither will do for tlic 
 purpofe commonly ufed for, and is a very wholefome and nourifh- 
 ing Food, when the Body is in Health, as well as a pleafant and 
 molt effeftual Remedy in many Diilempers. 
 
 R. Hull. 
 
 James Fjr^ June ig, 1735. 
 
 Parag. 7. T*l ^R Hull arrived here from up the River about 
 J_V_I- ^^-'■^2 Weeks fince, after having travelled to the 
 inland King of Tany, and fettled Affairs relating to the Gum- 
 Foreft with him and all the Great Men, Comma^-:ders of all the 
 ftrong Trowns, and oth..;- Great Men, who give ftrong Aflurancer, 
 that the Company only ftiall be allowed to have the Produce of 
 that part of the Forell belonging to them ; he had li!:ewife fomc 
 AfTurances from the Grand Jolloijfs, with a Sample of Gum from 
 that Part of the Foreft, which was fent home by the Dolphin -, 
 but the King being killed in Battle juft at that time, and ther 
 Country unfettled, nothing further could be done on that Side ; 
 from the King of 7uta, a Return of a Meflengcr is daily expected; 
 Mr //«// could not proceed to the Foreft, it being the latter End 
 of the dry Times ; and for want of a ConVeniency of carrying 
 Water, which at that time Provifion muft have been made for go- 
 ing and returning for about feven Days ; fo he reiolved to go as 
 foon as a good Shower of Rain or two had fell, and accordingly 
 had again been on the Road for that end, if tiie French had nci 
 offered feme Propofals, and i><terapted to difpute the Rights of this 
 
 RlV'J^
 
 no APPENDIX. No. IV. 
 
 River, which will hinder him from fetthng the necefTary Correfpon- 
 dence until October next; however we hope to fend you a Ton 
 that we expeft will be procured by fome Perfohs employ'd to go 
 into the Grand Jblloiffs Country, to acquaint them that the Com- 
 pany have fettled a Fndory at Tanimareiv, and engaged that the 
 Road will be fr.' .nd open from any Moleftation or Seizure, as 
 hitherto have been nfual. 
 
 Hull and O r f e u r; 
 
 James iv3^/, July 21, 1735. 
 
 Parag. 12/ | "^ H E Perfon, Mr Hull, fent from Tanimare-xo 
 _|_ into the Country of the Grand JoUoiffs, to 
 purchafe Camels, is returned with four: The fame Meflenger was 
 order'd to come by the way of the Gum-Foreft, and to bring with 
 them their Loading of Gum ; but he was hindred by there being 
 fo univerfal a Scarcity of Corn, that a Famine was caufed in thofe 
 Parts, and which reaches even to Tammdrenv, and Places adjacent 
 on the North of this River ; it's with thefe Camels that Mr Hull is 
 in November next to fettle an inland Fadory, as our laft informs 
 your Honours, to border on the Gum Foreft, and which we con- 
 ceive to be the beft Means of fecuring the Gum, and other va- 
 luable Trade to the Company only. 
 
 Hull and O r f e u p . 
 
 
 A P-
 
 Na V. 
 
 APPENDIX. 
 
 It 
 
 '% ^% & S 't- 'S -t> '% ■% '% 't' S .% -t^ :* * . 't' -t- * * * * 4^ 
 -*- ^ •*" '*' V ■*" '^' ■*• •*■ V '*' ■*• • •$' • * ^' -i^' * 4:" '^ ^ •$• -t' %' 
 
 APPENDIX. No. V. 
 
 T/jc Royal African Company s Eftabrijh" 
 ment at James Fort^ in the Rher 
 Gambia^ 1730. 
 
 Nthony Rogers, Firft Chief Merchant and Governor. 
 
 Bartholo?ne--w Stibbs, Second Ditto and Warehoufe- Keeper. 
 Thomas Harrijott, Third Ditto and Accomptant. 
 James Davis, SecretaJ-y. 
 
 ThomtJs Saxby., 
 William Roberts 
 J ames Conner. 
 Robert Daujnh 
 7'oungef Nelms, f 
 
 Charles Houghton, 
 John HamiltoJi, 
 John Nitid. 
 
 rts, ) 
 
 ( 
 
 ihajn, \ 
 
 8 Fact ok 
 
 Robert Forbes, 
 
 WilUam R-usJIing, 
 Robert Banks, 
 John hro'wn, 
 Hugh HAmihon, 
 Perci-val Serjeant, 
 James Payzant, 
 Thomas PaLr,:er, 
 John Harrifon, 
 Francis Moore, 
 Philif Gayland, 
 Thomas Bur fey, 
 Samuel Turner. 
 
 j> 1 3 Writers. 
 
 J^f'^h
 
 APPENDIX. No. V. 
 
 2X 
 
 'Jofeph Bid, Wax Refiner. 
 Richard Cajiell, Tanner. 
 Benjamin Ives, Surgeon. 
 
 James Ro^^ (^ Surgeon' 
 
 Ed.^ard R^jdon > ^f^^^^ 
 Jofeph Vanderplace, 3 
 Da'vid Wiljon, Su-veyor. _ 
 Edtvard Redxvc'd, Gardiner, 
 Domingo Vofs, > jviafons. 
 Emanuel Lopez, 5 
 Charles Du Cojla, Linguifter. 
 
 Henry John/on, Steward. 
 yames Collins, Armourer. 
 Charles Bouftin, Bombay. 
 John Cooky and o q^^ 
 Jeremiah Thomas, S *^ 
 
 Nicholas Todd, Jo}ner. 
 John Pyne Carpenter. 
 Dioge Rodriguez, Purveyor. 
 Tobias Clufeman, Gunner. 
 John Creed, Gardiner. 
 
 William Kerr, Captain. 
 
 John J ackjon, Serjeant. 
 
 James Breefe, D R u M M E p.. 
 Jeremiah Cordo, •\ 
 Andrenv Cordo, 
 John Scott, 
 Ely Thornton, 
 Rober' E'uans, 
 William Walgrave, 
 Roland Edavards, 
 Tho. Manivaring, 
 William Copland, 
 Charles Ofmond, 
 Frederick PrefcOf 
 Charles Macclay^ 
 Thomas Skyes, 
 Francis Jllen, 
 Felix Cajiell, 
 John Wejizuood, 
 John Hall, 
 John Skinner, 
 Richard Bitckton, 
 Thofnas Gulliver, 
 William Child, 
 Napthali Gray, 
 William Abraham, 
 John Sma'l, 
 Oiuen Morgan, 
 Thomas Smith, 
 William Wheeler, 
 Daniel Defaure, 
 Roger Comber, 
 Blias Boiilton, 
 Robert Butler, 
 James Hodgkin, 
 ^ndrew Grimes. 
 
 M3 Soldiers. 
 
 Thirty
 
 No. V, APPENDIX. 23 
 
 Thirty two Castle-Slaves. 
 
 Befides this Eftablifliment, tliere were 
 Sloops, '^ 
 
 r>^,.'«o; ' S With their Crews. 
 Canoas, C 
 
 Boats. J 
 
 And, during the Time of my Abode there, 8 Out-Factories, 
 with Black -Servants belonging to them, befides the White- 
 Factors, Writers and Linguisters. 
 
 FINIS,
 
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