•^:j/' .y f/^// //^ y/,) 
 
 Ur>rrr...//y r/ /(,„/,/< r^. 
 
 A 
 
[ 
 
 J 
 
 c- 
 
PERSONAL NARRATIVE 
 
 SIEGE OF LIJCKNOW. 
 
LONDON : 
 
 •RINTED BY SPOTriS\VlK)DE AND CO. 
 
 NEW-STHEET SQUARE. 
 
PEESONAL NAEEATIVE 
 
 OF THE 
 
 SIEGE OF LUCKNOW 
 
 FROM ITS COMMENCEMENT TO ITS RELIEF 
 BY SIR COLIN CAMPBELL. 
 
 L. E. HUUTZ EEES 
 
 ONE OF THE SUETIVIKG DEFENDEES. 
 
 WITH A PLAN OF LUCKNOW AND THE RESIDENCY 
 
 AND 
 
 A PORTRAIT OF SIR HENRY LAWRENCE. 
 
 POUBTH EDITION. 
 
 LONDON: 
 LONGMAN, BROWN, GREEN, LONGMANS, & ROBERTS. 
 
 1858. 
 
 The right of trarulation it reterved. 
 
DS47 
 
 .-rt" 
 
 .ti% 
 
} /■ 
 
 TO 
 
 DAVID INGLIS MONEY, ESa., C.S, 
 
 My dear Mr. Money, 
 
 It is witli feelings of great pleasure 
 that I avail myself of youi' kind permission to 
 dedicate this volume to you; and independently 
 of the satisfaction it affords me, I feel sure that 
 it will be a gratification to you, to see recorded 
 in my pages, however imperfectly, events in 
 which your own Son, Mr. William Money, bore 
 so prominent a part. 
 
 I remain, 
 
 With great respect. 
 Yours sincerely, 
 
 L. E. R. REES. 
 
 LoNLON : Sfarch 1858. 
 
 Gi3o;i.'{ 
 
PREFACE 
 
 THE FOURTH EDITION. 
 
 The demand for a Fourth Edition of this 
 work, within so short a period of its publica- 
 tion, testifies to the great interest which the 
 British Public continues to take in the gallant 
 deeds and heroic endurance evinced by their 
 countrymen during the Siege of Lucknow. 
 In preparing this edition for the press, the 
 author has availed himself of various sugges- 
 tions that have been kindly forwarded to him, 
 to efface inaccuracies that had escaped his 
 notice, and to supply new information on 
 sundry topics likely to interest the reader : 
 
 A 4 
 
Vlll PKEFACE TO THE FOURTH EDITION. 
 
 and he will be greatly obliged if any of those 
 into whose hands the work may fall will con- 
 tinue to furnish him with the means of recti- 
 fying defects which, notwithstanding all his 
 care, may still have escaped him. 
 
 Berne: Octoie/- 15, 1858. 
 
PREFACE 
 
 THE THIRD EDITION. 
 
 In preparing a Third Edition of his " Nar- 
 rative," the author has availed himself of an 
 interval of leisure to correct some slight in- 
 accuracies, and to remove some few state- 
 ments into which, in the hurry of producing 
 his previous editions, he had been betrayed. 
 
 If he has been led into any hasty remarks 
 on 'individuals, he trusts it will be conceded 
 to him, at all events by those who have en- 
 deavoured faithfully and minutely to record 
 events which have passed before them in mo- 
 ments of the greatest excitement and danger, 
 
X PREFACE TO THE 
 
 that such imperfections are common to almost 
 all who write under such circumstances. 
 
 Ifc is, how^ever, in calmer moments, when 
 the clin of strife and excitement are sub- 
 siding, that more dispassionate views are 
 taken ; and the author believes that those 
 who may read his present edition will feel 
 with him, that in omitting some personal 
 remarks, he has done that which is not less 
 ao^reeable to them than to himself. 
 
 It has been observed to the author, that 
 in his account of the siege he has said but 
 little of the conduct of the ladies. His record 
 consists principally of what passed under his 
 own personal observation ; and as he w^as for- 
 tunate enough never to be an inmate of the 
 hospital, where many of the ladies were fre- 
 quently to be found in attendance on the sick 
 and w^ounded, nor had a family himself, he 
 has dwelt less on their resignation under 
 their trials and their heroic patience in 
 their troubles than he perhaps should have 
 done. 
 
THIRD EDITION. XI 
 
 As, however, since his arrival in this coun- 
 try', he has heard, with the utmost surprise 
 and indignation, many reports of the ladies 
 quarrelling among each other for precedence, 
 and embarrassing their defenders by impa- 
 tient complainings, he feels it incumbent on 
 him emphatically to deny their truth, and to 
 bear his willing testimony to the courage and 
 endurance of the ladies who were shut up in 
 the Residency, and to express his admiration 
 of their kind and constant efforts to alleviate 
 the sufferings of their fellow-prisoners. 
 
 London: March 20, 1858. 
 
XIV PREFACE TO THE 
 
 self entangled in the meshes of the siege of 
 that city, and having been by force of cir- 
 cumstances obliged to take his part in the 
 defence, he recorded, from time to time, the 
 events in which he was concerned, and those 
 which passed before him. 
 
 Some friends in Calcutta, and among them 
 Mr. David Money, to whom he had shown his 
 Journal, were pleased to think that it might 
 prove of interest to a wider circle of readers ; 
 and, encouraged by their friendly advice, he 
 lias ventured to let it see the light. His friend, 
 Mr. John Lawrence, of the Uncovenanted 
 Service, kindly placed at his disposal the notes 
 which he had taken during the siege, and has 
 thus enabled the author to enrich his Journal 
 with much valuable information, apart from 
 his own personal experiences. 
 
 In addition to this valuable aid, on his 
 arrival in England, he is also indebted to the 
 obliging permission to make use of the Journal 
 kept by Lady Inglis, and the correspondence 
 
FIRST AND SECOND EDITIONS. XV 
 
 of Lieut. Farquhar, of the 7th B. L. C, which 
 have respectively been printed for private use 
 by their friends in this country. 
 
 A work of so little pretension requires no 
 further prefiice. All that the writer feels im- 
 pelled further to express, is his gratitude to 
 that great and good man, Sir Henry Lawrence, 
 to Brigadier Inglis, and to those noble soldiers 
 who maintained the siege, as well as to Gene- 
 rals Havelock, Outram, and Sir Colin Camp- 
 bell, by whose timely aid, under Providence, 
 he feels unspeakably indebted for his own 
 deliverance and that of others, from the tor- 
 ture and massacre, which, without their per- 
 severance, courage, and skill, must inevitably 
 have been his own fate and the common lot 
 of all. 
 
 LoNDOK : 1858. 
 
CONTENTS. 
 
 CHAPTER I. 
 
 THE FIRST DISTURBANCES IN LUCKNOW. — MAY. 
 
 My Journey to the North-west. — A pleasant travelling Companion. 
 
 — Panic at Benares. — Allahabad. — Cawnpore. — Post to Luck- 
 now. — Disturbed State of Oude. — Fate of Mr. and Mrs. White. 
 
 — Sir Henry Lawrence's precautionary Measures. — Mutiny of the 
 Seventh Oude Lregulars. — The Chief Commissioner's Levee and 
 Address to the Sepoys, — Expedition towards Agra of Captain 
 Hayes and Major Gall. — Murder of Captain Hayes, Mr. Fayrer, 
 and Lieutenant Barber. — Escape to Cawnpore of Lieutenant 
 Carey. — Major Gall's Fate. — Waking to a disagreeable Reality. 
 
 — Mutiny of the 30th May. — Conversation with a Rebel. — A 
 Game at Billiards interrupted — Brigadier Handscombe's Death. 
 
 — Murder of Lieutenant Grant. — Narrow Escape of Ladies in 
 Cantonments. — Defeat and Pursuit of the Rebels. — Cornet Ra- 
 leigh's tragic End, — Murder of Mr. Mendes - Page 1 
 
 CHAP. IL 
 
 LDCKNOW BEFOR2 THE SIEGE. — JUNE. 
 
 State of the Oude Districts. — The Native Police. — The City of 
 Lucknow. — Martial Law. — Prisoners hanged. — Joy of the Ac- 
 quitted. — News of Cawnpore. — Closure of Postal Communica- 
 tions. — Sir Hugh Wheeler. — Devotion of his Messenger. — De- 
 preciation of Company's Paper. — Appearance of the Residency. — 
 
 The Fort of Muchee Bhawn Discontent of the People of Luck- 
 
 now. — Fanaticism of the Mussulman Population. — Anecdote. — 
 
 Our Volunteer Cavalry. — Sir Henry Lawrence Policy of 
 
 evacuating Oude. — Cholera. — Fatal Quarrel and Retribution. — 
 Running a-muck. — Our State Prisoners - - - - 21 
 
 CHAP. IIL 
 
 TRAGIC SCENES. 
 
 Major Marriott's Expedition. — Murder of Captain Burmester and 
 Ensign Farqoharson. — Death of Captain Staples. — Lieutenant 
 
 a 
 
XX CONTENTS. 
 
 CHAP. IX. 
 
 OUR TROUBLES INCREASE. 
 
 Constant cannonading. — Death of Major Banks. — Mr. Polehamp- 
 ton, the Chaplain, dies. — Hospital Scenes. — Death and Disease. 
 — Erith's Death. — Pigeon killed. — Friends in Hospital. — Mr. 
 Thompson's Kindness to the Sick. — Dr. Scott. — Hospital Sur- 
 geons. — The Plague of "Plies." — The Martiniere Pupils. — Kain. 
 
 — News of coming Reinforcements. — The Enemy's Interruption 
 to our Songs. — A sham Attack. — " Hope deferred maketh the 
 heart sick." — The Enemy's Mines. — Captain Fulton's Master- 
 mind. —Our Casualties. — Dr. Brydon of Jellalabad and Luck- 
 now Page 159 
 
 CHAP. X. 
 
 AUGUST. — THE MONTH OF MINES. 
 
 Our daily Food. — Captain Fulton's mining Operations. — Hely's 
 Death. — Cholera. — Hope. — Disappointment. — Revelry of the 
 Insurgents. — Their Taunts. — The Enemy's Mines discovered 
 and blown up. — Attack of August 10th. — Explosion of their 
 Mine at Sago's and miraculous Escape of two Soldiers. — Explo- 
 sion and Attack on the Brigade Mess. — " Turk " as " Luchmi- 
 nia." — Blenman wounded. — Brice's Death. — Death of Major 
 Anderson. — Anecdote. — Refractory Conduct of a Civilian. — 
 Retribution - - - - - - 174 
 
 CHAP. XL 
 
 AUGUST CONTINUED. SORTIES. 
 
 Despair. — Captain Fulton's Successes, — War with Brickbats. — Our 
 Artillery Officers. — Deaths. — An Episode of War. — Bitter 
 Though t.s. — Hairbreadth Escapes. — Successful Explosion of the 
 Enemy's Mine. — Orr's Miraculous Escape. — The Enemy repulsed. 
 — Sortie. — "Bob the Nailer." —Sally out. — Other Sorties. — The 
 Mohurrum. — Desertion of Sergeant Jones and others. — Our 
 Natives disheartened. — News from the outer world. — Character 
 brought out by the Siege. — Our Casualties in August - 187 
 
 CHAP. xn. 
 
 THE SEPTEMBER MONTH. 
 
 Famine Prices." — Valuable Cigars. — Commotion among the Rebels. 
 
 — On the Alert Mines and Countermines. — Attack of the 5th 
 
PERSONAL NAEEATIVE 
 
 OF THE 
 
 SIEGE OF LUCKNOW, 
 
 CHAPTER I. 
 
 THE FIRST DISTURBANCES IN LUCKNOW. — MAY. 
 
 My joamey to the North-west. — A pleasant travelling Companion. 
 — Panic at Benares. — Allahabad. — Cawnpore. — Post toLucknow. 
 — Disturbed State of Oude. — Fate of Mr. and Mrs. White. — Sir 
 Henry Lawrence's precautionary Measures. — Mutiny of the 
 Seventh Oude Irregulars. — The Chief Commissioner's Levee and 
 Address to the Sepoys. — Expedition towards Agra of Captain 
 Hayes and Major Gall. — Murder of Captain Hayes, Mr. Fayrcr, 
 and Lieutenant Barber. — Escape to Cawnpore of Lieutenant 
 Carey. — Major Gall's Fate. — Waking to a disagreeable Reality. — 
 Mutiny of the 30th May.— Conversation with a Rebel. — A Game 
 at Billiards interrupted. — Brigadier Handscombc's Death. — 
 Murder of Lieutenant Grant. — Narrow Escape of Ladies in 
 Cantonments. — Defeat and Pursuit of the Rebels. — Comet Ra- 
 leigh's tragic End. — Murder of Mr. Mendes. 
 
 On the 10th of May, 1857, business called me to the 
 Upper Provinces. My travelling companion was a 
 
 B 
 
2 SIEGE OF LUCKNOW. [May. 
 
 native dependent of the King of Oude, possibly one of 
 his emissaries, but in whom at that time I had every 
 confidence. We had long conversations together on 
 Indian politics ; and unacquainted as I then was with 
 native character, as it has since come out, I was not 
 much shocked at the political opinions he at that 
 time expressed. They were those of a n^^n wishing 
 to see his country free and his pockets full, and he 
 spoke of the probability of becoming eventuall}^ a 
 leader of banditti with the greatest sang-froid ima- 
 ginable. He would live honestly as long as his 
 means continued, but he could not work. He was a 
 soldier (he had been a captain of cavalry), and he 
 would not demean himself by either using the spade, 
 wielding a pen, or keeping a shop. He seemed to 
 take great interest in me, for he on one occasion 
 drew his poniard and nearly stabbed a man for not 
 being polite enough to me, and I had considerable 
 difficulty in pacifying the police at Shergotty in con- 
 sequence. But a few rupees distributed among these 
 corrupt myrmidons of the law, who boldly asked for 
 money, quieted the matter. 
 
 We proceeded on our journey, and with scarce 
 another adventure arrived at Benares. There I 
 first learned, to my horror and astonishment, of 
 the barbarities committed at Meerut and Delhi, and 
 
May.] ALLAHABAD. 3 
 
 of the probability of similar scenes being enacted 
 in other parts of Upper India. I determined at 
 once to push on to Allahabad, notwithstanding the 
 alleged insecurity of the road. All my Benares 
 friends had left the station, and, flying before an 
 imaginary or real danger, had sought shelter in the 
 Fort o^ Ohunar. At Allahabad I found people in a 
 fright about what appeared to me to be nothing. 
 My agent there, Mr. Archer, who afterwards fell a 
 victim to the mutiny which subsequently broke out, 
 continually pooh-poohed all alarming reports, and I 
 myself was in the highest spirits. There were pa- 
 trols going the round, and precautionary measures 
 w^ere everywhere taken. 
 
 I remained above a week there, and formed 
 one of a garrison where soldiering was enacted 
 in a very pleasant mode. Capital dinners, first- 
 rate wines, cheroots, songs, music, were the order 
 of the day, with a little patrolling and keeping 
 watch. So little, however, did I believe in anything 
 serious being likely to occur, that I continued several 
 business transactions, and wrote to Calcutta in the 
 most hopeful strain respecting the state of things in 
 the North-west. There were all manner of reports 
 about bands of mutineers infesting the highway, and 
 I must confess I at one time felt inclined to return 
 
 B 2 
 
4 SIEGE OF LUCKNOW. [Mat. 
 
 to Calcutta ; but, fearful of being looked upon as a 
 needless alarmist by my friends, and at last convinced 
 that, even in the event of an outbreak our Grovern- 
 ment would be in a position to crush it in the bud, I 
 set out for Cawnpore in company with a friend, who 
 with difficulty was persuaded to leave his wife be- 
 hind. We met several ill-looking wretches, and one 
 or two bands of whiskered and bearded armed men, 
 who regarded us evidently with feelings of animosity ; 
 but nothing of consequence really took place, and we 
 arrived at Cawnpore in safety. There I found people 
 not quite at their ease. 
 
 I had purchased some linseed and rapeseed at 
 Cawnpore, and my agent showed me the boats he 
 had loaded and the goods still in the "godowns" 
 he had hired for me. Urgent requests from my 
 Lucknow correspondent to come over at once, 
 made me lose no time in continuing my journey to 
 that city. My friend accompanied me, and, keep- 
 ing watch turn by turn with a brace of pistols and a 
 double-barrelled rifle, we set out at night without 
 encountering any other inconvenience than that caused 
 by a wretched conveyance and still more wretched 
 horses. On the way, early next morning, we met 
 with great kindness from the toll-collector at Bun- 
 nee, the son of Colonel Brown of the Bengal army. 
 
May.] fate OF MR. AND MRS. WHITE. 5 
 
 whose account of the state of the country of Oude 
 was anything but reassuring. A large body of armed 
 men had gathered at Mullapore, and several rajahs 
 and landholders had unfurled the banner of rebellion. 
 Mr. Lawrence, another friend, whom I afterwards 
 met on the road, and who had also been obliged to 
 leave his post in the district, owing to the threatening 
 aspect of affairs there, confirmed what we had already 
 heard. He too was proceeding to Lucknow; and thus 
 reinforced, we arrived without accident on the 22nd 
 of May. 
 
 I was greeted with a hearty welcome by my friend 
 Deprat, who had everything prepared for my conve- 
 nience and comfort in a handsome garden-house which 
 he possessed, half-way between the cantonment and the 
 city, on the other side of the iron bridge. Poor Mr. 
 ^\^lite, my travelling companion, on the other hand, 
 went to our friend Sinclair, whose firm he intended 
 entering as a partner ; but a fatality seemed to hurry 
 him on to his doom. He left for Allahabad the same 
 day on which he arrived, Sinclair accompanying him, 
 reached that station, returned to Cawnpore with his 
 wife, and, after vacillating for some time between 
 I^ucknow and Agra, both which routes were unsafe, 
 it was said, he branched off to the latter town. He 
 was never more heard of. He and his wife must 
 
 B 3 
 
6 SIEGE OF LUCKNOW. [Mat. 
 
 have been murdered by tbe mutinous cavalry, who, 
 on that very day, had despatched Captain Hayes and 
 the officers belonging to the detachment which he 
 had accompanied. 
 
 I remained several days at Lucknow before any- 
 thing happened to make us think a general rising 
 likely to take place. The people, however, looked 
 sullen enough, and I perceived that Europeans were 
 no longer treated with the respect which they had 
 commanded before. 
 
 Sir Henry Lawrence's measures appeared to me 
 excellent, and I believed, that, in the event of an 
 insurrection, the guns of the fort of Muchee Bhawn, 
 Trhich we had taken possession of, and of which I 
 shall afterwards speak more at length, would com- 
 pletely master the whole town. A possible attack on 
 the Residency we did not believe in. 
 
 At this time our forces occupied various positions 
 in Lucknow, as the policy evidently was to break up 
 the regiments into companies, and not to allow the 
 whole to be together. The Oude Irregular Force 
 were at Moosabagh ; the Military Police in the jail 
 and Feradbuksh palaces ; our European troops divided 
 between the Residency, Muchee BhawTi, and canton- 
 ments, where also the 48th and 7 1st Native Infantry- 
 were stationed. The 7th Light Native Cavalry were 
 
May.] mutiny OF THE 7TH OUDE irwREGULARS. 7 
 
 at Moodkipore. The Residency in Cantonments was 
 the rendezvous; a few ladies were in the City Resi- 
 dency, but the bulk of the Europeans were at the 
 Cantonment Residency along with the European ar- 
 tillery. The latter were then free to act, at the same 
 time that they were close to the Native Infantry corps. 
 The mutiny of the 7th Oude Irregular Infantry 
 had been the first startling event before my arrival 
 at Lucknow. It had taken place at Moosabagh, a 
 palace of one of the late king's wives, situated a 
 short distance from the city, not very far from Hos- 
 seinabad and the Dowlatkhana, a mausoleum of one 
 of the deceased kings of Oude, where the remaining 
 Irregular Oude Force, under Brigadier Grray, were 
 quartered. The Moosabagh mutiny placed the Eu- 
 ropean officers of that regiment. Lieutenants Watson, 
 Mecham, and Hadow, and the European sergeant, in 
 the most imminent danger. Brigadier Gray, com- 
 manding the Oude Irregular Force, at once wrote to 
 Major Gall, commanding the 4th Irregular Cavalry, 
 requesting him to join immediately with every sabre 
 at his command. That officer, who at once flew into 
 his jackboots, was the first to arrive, and sent to 
 take up a position in a grove of mango trees about a 
 mile away from the mutineers. Meanwhile Sir Henry 
 Lawrence had been collecting troops, and arrived with 
 
 B 4 
 
8 SIEGE OF LUCKNOW. [May. 
 
 four guns, four companies of Her Majesty's 32nd 
 Eegiment, two Native Infantry corps and the 7th 
 Light Native Cavalry. 
 
 The mutineers were frightened at these prepara- 
 tions, and, a few minutes before our troops had come 
 up to attack them, broke up and fled at the sight of 
 the port-fires which gleamed in the darkness of the 
 evening. The 7th Light Cavalry sent some men 
 after them, who succeeded in persuading a few to 
 return without violence ; others were made prisoners, 
 and many came of their own accord and gave up 
 their arms. That night our troops bivouacked close 
 by: other arrangements were made next day, the 
 prisoners tried, and the native officers and men dis- 
 charged. The danger was over for the present. 
 
 Some days after Sir Henry Lawrence held a durbar 
 in the Eesidency. The troops were drawn up, and 
 the native officers were received on an open plain. 
 Sir Henry Lawrence, in the midst of a brilliant Euro- 
 pean staff and the principal native noblemen of 
 the city, invested with kheluts, or dresses of honour, 
 two of the men who had proved their fidelity to 
 our caus^ by denouncing some emissaries of the con- 
 spirators, and apprising the local government of the 
 mutinous intentions of the 7th Oude Irregulars, pre- 
 vious to the outbreak. One of them, a havildar, or 
 
3Iat.] address to THE SEPOrS. 9 
 
 native sergeant, was promoted to the rank of a 
 soubahdar, or native captain, and another, a private, 
 advanced to the post of a jemadar, or native subaltern 
 commissioned officer. 
 
 Sir Henry Lawrence took this opportmiity of de- 
 livering to the troops a soul-stirring address in 
 excellent Hindostanee, telling them that the British 
 Government, ever anxious to reward loyalty, never 
 missed an occasion of honouring its faithful ser- 
 vants; that some evil-disposed persons, seeing only 
 a few Europeans here and there, imagined, by cir- 
 culating false reports, they were able to overthrow 
 the Government ; but the power of England, which 
 could send 50,000 Europeans to fight against Russia, 
 could, in the space of three months, land twice that 
 number in ]|fidia ; and much more to the same effect. 
 If anything short of armed resistance could have 
 averted rebellion, that speech of Sir Henry Lawrence 
 would have had that effect. The city was tranquil 
 for some weeks after; and the Chief Commissioner, 
 well aware of the value of time, made the most of it 
 in preparing for defence, in the event of insurrec- 
 tion. 
 
 About the 23rd of May two detachments of native 
 cavalry were despatched towards Cawnpore, to clear 
 the road between that station and Agra. One 
 
10 SIEGE OF LUCKNOW. [May. 
 
 was under the command of Captain Fletcher Hayes, 
 the military secretary, who, during the ex-king's 
 reign, had held the very important office of Assistant 
 Resident at his court, and whose capacities as a mi- 
 litary officer, as a diplomatist, and as an able writer, 
 had earned for him not only the confidence of Gro- 
 vernment, but a wide Indian reputation. At Ox- 
 ford he had obtained the degree of a Master of 
 Arts, and his success as an Orientalist and an author 
 had made him well known to the scientific world. 
 That he should have volunteered to command an 
 expedition, evidently of great danger, proved him a 
 man of undoubted courage. Besides, he had the 
 conviction, after having had the most hair-breadth 
 escapes in the Grwalior war and the Sikh campaigns, 
 that he should never meet with death by a bullet or a 
 round shot. The sequel proved he was correct, though 
 not in the way he interpreted it. 
 
 The other party was under the orders of Major 
 Grail, the gallant officer who had played so promi- 
 nent a part in the suppression of the mutiny of the 
 7th Oude Irregulars. At Cawnpore the two officers 
 separated, and Captain Hayes, with his detachment, 
 proceeded on towards Agra, but he was fated never 
 to reach that town. Not far from Mynpoorie one 
 of the most tragic events occurred. Mr. Fayrer, a 
 
May.] murder OF CAPTAIN HAYES, ETC. 11 
 
 volunteer, the brother of the Kesidency Surgeon, was 
 then between the advanced guard and the main body, 
 commanded by Lieutenant Barber, who was ahead ; 
 Captain Hayes himself was in the rear of the main 
 body, and Lieutenant Carey not far from him. Allow- 
 ing Lieutenant Barber to proceed, Mr. Fayrer, ar- 
 riving at a well, stopped his horse, and asked for 
 water. It was handed to him, and, while in the act of 
 di'uiking, one of his own men drew his sword and cut 
 off his head. Captain Hayes now came up, and had 
 scarcely time to draw his revolver, on seeing the dead 
 body of his friend, before he received a spear wound 
 in his back, and was immediately despatched by the 
 other mutineers. Barber was still ahead when the 
 scuffle in his rear attracted his attention. No sooner 
 did he perceive his men had broken out into mutiny, 
 than he turned round, drew his sword, and dashed 
 into the midst of the cowardly rebels. They drew 
 back, and two of them fell dead, struck by the bullets 
 of his revolver ; but the odds were too fearful for him 
 to contend successfully against, and he was soon 
 surrounded. Putting spurs to his horse, he turned 
 the reins, and rode furiously away in the Agra di- 
 rection, but he was pursued, fired at, overtaken, and 
 cut to pieces. Carey, a splendid rider, a man of very 
 
12 SIEGE OF LUCKNOW. [May. 
 
 light weight, and seated on a blood horse, swift as the 
 mnd, was more fortunate. He escaped to Myn- 
 poorie, having outridden all his pursuers, and is 
 now with Lord Clyde on his staff as D eputy- Assist- 
 ant- Adj utant-G^eneral. 
 
 Major Grail, on ascertaining that his own men were 
 likewise tainted with the spirit of insurrection, very 
 wisely returned, and thus escaped a calamity which 
 would inevitably then have befallen him, but to which 
 he afterwards fell a victim.* 
 
 On the night of the 30th May, I was tranquilly 
 sleeping in my bed, when Deprat's servant woke me, 
 and, with looks of horror and consternation, told me 
 to get up at once, for the regiments in cantonments 
 had broken out, and that not a minute was to be lost. 
 I had scarcely time to jump up from my couch, when 
 Deprat himself called out, "Le jeu a commence. 
 Depechez-vous ! " I did not wait to dress, but hastily 
 snatching up my clothes in one hand and my double- 
 
 * This occurred nearly three weeks afterwards. He was mur- 
 dered in a village of Oude, while asleep in a seray or native inn, 
 having gone out disguised as a native, with a party of his sowars. 
 These villains, fearful of committing the deed themselves, betrayed 
 him to the villagers, who were then sure of the aid of the traitors 
 who should have protected him. He fell while carrying despatches 
 to the Governor-General at Allahabad. 
 
May.] mutiny OF THE 30tH MAY. 13 
 
 barrelled rifle in the other, I followed him to his ma- 
 gazine opposite his dwelling-house. 
 
 This he had fortified at his own expense and under 
 the sanction of Sir Henry himself, who several times 
 inspected his preparations. The Chief Commissioner 
 availing himself of the services proffered to him by 
 Deprat, whose military experiences in Africa rendered 
 his co-operation valuable at so critical a time, had 
 given him the command of a hundred native police- 
 men, who were supposed to be faithful to our cause. 
 
 Deprai; intended to defend his house to the best of 
 his means, and, as it is situated not far from the iron 
 bridge, he hoped, in the event of the mutineers 
 marching to the city, to check their progress for some 
 time, should they pass, as they naturally must have 
 done, by his place. A couple of beds had already 
 been brought up to the terrace ; a sort of tent was 
 pitched there ; powder, ball, cartridges, supplied by 
 Grovemment, two small 3 -pounder guns, spare mus- 
 kets, provisions, and a supply of water had previously 
 been conveyed there, so that in the event of our being 
 attacked and our men proving faithful (twenty-five 
 of them were Sikhs in whom we reposed the most im- 
 plicit confidence), we could have held out for at least 
 some days, though death in the end must assuredly 
 have overtaken us. Fortunately, we had no occasion 
 
14 SIEGE OF LUCKNOW. [Mat. 
 
 to put the strength of our fortifications to the test. 
 Sir Henry Lawrence had beaten the rebels in canton- 
 ments. 
 
 Arrived on the terrace, by means of a movable 
 ladder, we saw tha sky towards the cantonments 
 lurid with a blood-red glare. The bungalows had 
 been set on fire; the sound of volleys of musketry 
 was heard, and, still louder, the booming of cannon. 
 Grradually the fire slackened. Horsemen were now 
 galloping up and down ; but we allowed no one to 
 pass without a challenge. One scoundrel came 
 riding furiously up from the cantonments. I cried 
 " Halt ! " and the man held in his horse. The 
 following colloquy took place between us. "Who 
 are you?" "A friend I I carry a message to the 
 Residency." "What news, then?" "Good news." 
 "Well, what good news?" "The bungalows are 
 being burnt, and the Europeans are everywhere 
 shot down." I fired my pistol, but the man had 
 already galloped off. I had missed. 
 
 Deprat, meanwhile, had his mare saddled; and 
 leaving me in charge of his party rode off to the 
 cantonments. Many passed and repassed. The offi- 
 cers of the 48th, disguised in native costume, had 
 been saved by a party of their own men, who 
 escorted them to the Muchee Bhawn. A portion 
 
May.] game OF BILLIARDS INTERRUPTED. 15 
 
 of the 7th Light Cavalry, who had not joined in 
 the mutiny, passed likewise. They were headed 
 by their officers ; and shortly after a wounded officer 
 in Sir Henry's carriage followed. 
 
 In cantonments the mutiny first broke out in the 
 lines of the 71st Native Infantry, and was quickly 
 general throughout. Except the greater portion of 
 the 7th Light Cavalry, a large number of the 13th, 
 and a very few of the 48th and 71st, all our sepoys 
 had turned against us. They first burnt the 1 3th mess 
 house, and then fired into the 71st officers' mess. 
 The gentlemen in the dining-room had lost no time 
 in escaping when the fire once broke out ; but fires 
 having not been uncommon, even on previous nights, 
 two of the officers. Lieutenant Thain, of the 13th, 
 and Lieutenant Campbell, of the 71st, would not 
 allow the mutineers to disturb them in their game of 
 billiards, till a volley of musketry, too much for even 
 their sang-froid, at last obliged them to conclude it. 
 My friend Campbell, as he passed a sentry, placed 
 there by ourselves, was challenged by him. "Hookum 
 durr," cried the man. The word "Friend," pro- 
 nounced in good English and not with the Hindu- 
 stanee accent, as " perhind," had no sooner escaped 
 his lips, than a bullet whistled past his ears within 
 half an inch of him. Brigadier Handscombe now 
 
16 SIEGE OF LUCKNOW. [MAr. 
 
 advanced on the 71st lines, with a company of the 
 32nd regiment. It was dark as pitch, and nought 
 could be seen but the flash of the rebels' muskets. 
 The order to " fix bayonets " was given ; and our 
 Europeans could scarcely be restrained from charging 
 without orders. They expected that word of com- 
 mand every instant; but it was never uttered. 
 Colonel Handscombe, still wavering, said, " Do not 
 fire. You might kill friends." Friends, indeed ! 
 He paid dearly for his confidence. Griving the order 
 to halt, that fated officer advanced singly to the lines, 
 with a view to address the mutineers, and bring them 
 back to a sense of their duty. He was shot dead. 
 
 Our men, seeing their leader fall, advanced to the 
 charge ; but they found the lines deserted. They 
 accordingly returned to the artillery ground, where 
 Sir Henry and his staff were. The sepoys had ad- 
 vanced to the attack ; but a few rounds of canister 
 fired by Lewin soon made them retreat. Many 
 rebels fell ; but the grape, passing through the tent 
 of Colonels Inglis and Case, killed also a number of 
 the servants of those officers. 
 
 At another part of the cantonments poor Grrant, of 
 the 7 1st Native Infantry, fell a victim to the cruelty and 
 cowardice of the mutineers. A friendly soubahdar had 
 concealed him under a charpoy, or native bed, but he 
 
M;»v.] NARROW ESCAPES OF LADIES. 17 
 
 was dragged out and murdered. Lieutenant Cham- 
 bers, the adjutant of the 13th Native Infantry, was 
 wounded, and many others had most miraculous 
 
 escapes.* One poor woman, Mrs. Y y, came 
 
 to us, with two of her children, next morning, with 
 nothing but a shift on, while her husband was pic- 
 turesquely attired in loose night-trousers, a sheet 
 thrown over his shoulders as a toga, and a helmet- 
 shaped pith hat on his head. In spite of their 
 miserable plight I could not help bursting into 
 laughter at the little man's ridiculous appearance. 
 However, he had shown considerable pluck ; for not- 
 withstanding the numbers he had to oppose, he 
 succeeded in saving his wife from a fate worse than 
 death, and, availing himself with wonderful presence 
 of mind of some interruption which diverted the 
 attention of the ruffians for a time, managed to take 
 his family into an adjoining field, where they lay 
 all night shivering with cold and in the most ago- 
 nising suspense. My friend Deprat at once provided 
 them with apartments, clothes, and food. 
 
 Mrs. Brudre, who had also passed the night in 
 
 * Lieutenant Hardinge of the Oude, who, notwithstanding the 
 heavy fire directed at all sides, patrolled the streets with some 
 faithful Irregulars, was also wounded in the arm by a bayonet 
 thrust. 
 
18 SIEGE OF LUCKNOW. [May. 
 
 cantonments, against orders, narrowly escaped being 
 killed. Some of the faithful 13th saved her life by 
 putting her through a hole in a wall at the back of 
 the house, which they had made while the mutineers 
 were calling for her. She and her poor children 
 passed a dreadful night in a dry ditch. It is indeed 
 wonderful what privations and sufferings ladies can 
 endure. 
 
 Sir Henry having defeated the main body of the 
 insurgents, now moved the guns upon the road lead- 
 ing to Lucknow. Their passage in that direction 
 w^as consequently cut off. The city had been saved. 
 At 2 o'clock the firing had almost entirely ceased. 
 Our Europeans, and the officers who had been able 
 to join the Chief Commissioner, laid themselves down 
 on the ground and slept. 
 
 Next morning at early dawn the order for pursuit 
 was given. The enemy had abandoned the canton- 
 ments, and were on their way into the districts. Our 
 men followed and came up with them. Lieutenants 
 Lewin and Macfarlane, opening grape and round shot 
 on their ranks, killed a few more. By nine o'clock 
 in the morning our Europeans were too exhausted by 
 the heat of a May sun and the fatigue and watchings 
 overnight to be able to pursue them further. About 
 three miles beyond Moodkipore, where the lines of 
 
May.] cornet Raleigh's tragic end. 19 
 
 the 7tli Light Cavalry were, they halted. Lieutenant 
 Charlton was detached by Brigadier Inglis with a 
 subdivision of the 32nd to scour a village, it being 
 supposed that some of the mutineers were concealed 
 there. He succeeded in making two Sepoys prisoners, 
 and took possession of a large quantity of arms found 
 concealed there. The cavalry, who had not joined 
 the rest of the mutineers overnight, now went over 
 to the enemy, and cut up poor Cornet Haleigh, who 
 had been il'. and confined to his bed in his bungalow, 
 on the day of the mutiny. Being asleep at the 
 time, his regiment left for the cantonments without 
 his being aware of it. No sooner, however, did he 
 learn the fact than he got up and made a bed at the 
 guard-house. He was already mounted on his horse, 
 when he was met by a trumpeter, who shot him, and 
 by other men, who afterwards hacked him almost to 
 pieces. Our men found his body still warm, and the 
 blood yet oozing from his wounds, when they came up 
 to him. Poor fellow ! what makes his end more sad 
 i-^, that the unfortunate young officer — he was only 
 
 eventeen — had joined his regiment but three days 
 ])efore. A lock of the hair of some young lady love, 
 to whom perhaps he had plighted his faith, was found 
 round his neck. One of his fingers, on which there 
 
 had been a ring, was cut off. 
 c 2 
 
20 SIEGE OF LUCKNOW. [May. 
 
 Thanks to the excellent measures taken by Sir 
 Henry, an insurrection in Lucknow itself had been 
 prevented for the present. But the greatest excite- 
 ment was apparent everywhere. Deprat and my- 
 self still continued to guard our isolated position, and 
 I was fortunate enough to make a prisoner of a 
 native drummer of the 71st, laden with booty, which 
 I brought up at once in company of the culprit, who 
 was afterwards hanged, to the Cantonment Eesidency. 
 
 On Sunday, the 31st of May, a rather tragic event 
 occurred at Mooshagunge in the city. Mr. Mendes, 
 an uncovenanted clerk in the Chief Commissioner's 
 office, had, in spite of the warnings of his friends, 
 gone back to his own house in order to enjoy a 
 quiet siesta. No sooner had his presence been made 
 known to his neighbours, than, aided by the treach- 
 erous door-keeper in his employ, he was surprised 
 and attacked by these fanatical Mussulmen, who 
 had long owed him a grudge for having treated 
 them with contempt on previous occasions. He 
 must have retreated from room to room, for every- 
 where on the floor were bloody footprints visible. A 
 hundred wounds in his body testified to the cruelty 
 of his enemies. Two barrels of his revolver were 
 found to be discharged, with what effect we could 
 never learn. 
 
21 
 
 CHAP. 11. 
 
 LUCKNOW BEFORE THE SIEGE. — JUNE. 
 
 State of the Oude Districts. — The Native Police.— The City of 
 Lucknow. — ^f artial Law. — Prisoners hanged. — J07 of the Ac- 
 quitted. — News of Cawnpore. — Closure of Postal Communications. 
 — Sir Hugh Wheeler. — Devotion of his Messenger. — Depreciation 
 of Company's Paper. — Appearance of the Residency. — The Fort 
 of Muchee Bhawn. — Discontent of the People of Lucknow. — 
 Fanaticism of the Mussulman Population. — Anecdote. — Our 
 Volunteer Cavalry. — Sir Henry La\vrence — Policy of evacuating 
 Oude. — Cholera. — Fatal Quarrel and Retribution. — Running 
 a-rauck. — Our State Prisoners. 
 
 We will now turn away from these unfortunate events, 
 the horrors of which are further proofs, if proofs were 
 required, how little natives are to be trusted, and with 
 what consummate treachery they can veil their most 
 diabolical purposes, and see what happened mean- 
 while at Lucknow. 
 
 With the exception of this city, the whole of Oude 
 
 had passed out of our hands. The villages followed 
 
 the examples of the towns of Fyzabad, Sultanpore, 
 
 Duriabad, Salone, Purseedapore and other places, 
 
 c 3 
 
22 SIEGE OF LUCKNOW. [June. 
 
 and sided with the insurgents, either from hatred to 
 us, or fear of the mutineers. Some of the rajahs and 
 landholders remained neutral, but none openly pro- 
 claimed themselves our friends. Many of them had 
 retainers to the number of several thousands, and 
 might, had they been so inclined, without great diffi- 
 culty, have openly resisted the sepoys. 
 
 That the city people were well affected, every one 
 doubted ; yet, notwithstanding this general disbelief in 
 the loyalty of the people of Lucknow, the daily reports 
 sent in to us were most consolatory. The mahajuns 
 (native bankers) and shopkeepers were, so it was 
 said, determined to defend their property with their 
 lives, should the insurgents ever march upon the city, 
 a possibility held in some doubt. Their retainers 
 would resist every attempt at coercion, and the 
 native nawabs (noblemen and gentlemen) had en- 
 gaged additional watchmen, and would have their 
 property and families respected. Captain Carnegie's 
 police were indefatigable, so it was stated, in repress- 
 ing violence and disorder, and were, it was believed, 
 firmly attached to us. Additional ammunition was 
 served out to them and the Irregulars at the Hos- 
 seinabad buildings. The kotwal, a Punjabee, who 
 had during the night of the 30th of May distinguished 
 himself by his zeal and promptitude in taking mea- 
 
June.] THE CITY OF LUCKNOW. 23 
 
 sures to prevent an insurrection, was rewarded with 
 a large sum of money and a valuable shawl dress of 
 honour. 
 
 Meanwhile, there seemed to be visible a general dis- 
 content in the very air of Lucknow. It was con- 
 sidered unsafe for Europeans to visit the crowded parts 
 of the city; yet Captain Carnegie, the magistrate, was 
 never molested, and buggies and carriages, and 
 perhaps one or two clerks walking to and fro the 
 Hosseinabad buildings (where our Irregulars were), 
 through one of the most frequented thoroughfares of 
 Lucknow, never met with violence. Every evening 
 I used to ride towsirds Muchee Bhawn, armed of 
 course, without however meeting with any accident. 
 On one occasion, my pistol dropped, and a man po- 
 litely picked it up. Yet a lowering, sullen, obstinate 
 look was discernible on almost every countenance. 
 An order had been passed prohibiting the carrying of 
 arms in the streets ; but though this order was par- 
 tially obeyed by the majority of passengers, now and 
 then a man might be seen with matchlock and spear, 
 or firelock and belt and pistols, whose bearing and 
 firm step proclaimed him at once to be military. 
 Nor were we, it was felt, strong enough to enforce 
 obedience to our orders, and were therefore obliged 
 not to appear to perceive an infraction of them. 
 
 C 4 
 
24 SIEGE OF LUCKNOW. [June. 
 
 Martial law had been proclaimed, and courts mar- 
 tial were being held daily upon such individuals as 
 were either made prisoners at the time of the mutiny 
 in cantonments, or who were suspected of having 
 disseminated inflammatory addresses. The accused 
 were at first all tried in the cantonments (of which 
 we still occupied two or three houses, among them 
 that of the Chief Commissioner), and then in the 
 Eesidency in Lucknow. Several of them were par- 
 doned — a mistaken leniency ; — others were con- 
 demned to be hanged, much against the inclination 
 of Sir Henry, whose kindliness of disposition was 
 such, that it pained him to bear the responsibility of 
 shedding the blood of even such wretches as the 
 accused evidently were. But he also at last saw the 
 necessity of adopting severe measures, and, with a 
 sigh, I am certain, confirmed each death warrant. 
 
 Among those who were thus condemned was the 
 soubahdar, who had been raised to that rank from a 
 common native sergeant, and who had received from 
 Sir Henry's own hands the sum of a thousand rupees 
 and a dress of honour on the occasion of his address 
 to the native troops in cantonment some weeks before 
 the first outbreak. If any conciliatory measures could 
 have averted the calamities which afterwards befel 
 our Government, those adopted by the Chief Com- 
 
Jlxe.] prisoners hanged. 25 
 
 missioner were certainly calculated to prevent them. 
 But we had yet further to learn what deep treachery, 
 what base ingratitude, and what Satanic atrocities 
 natives are capable of. The horrors of Cawnpore 
 were not yet known, and those of Shahjehanpore and 
 ^lithowly were only partially believed. 
 
 The number of criminals who were hanged amount- 
 ed to about /thirty-six, of whom eight or ten were 
 executed of a morning, and four or five of an evening. 
 Thousands and thousands of spectators assembled to 
 witness the executions. Our guns were pointed at 
 the populace from Fort Muchee Bhawn, to fire upon 
 them in the event of an attempt being made to rescue 
 the condemned. They were usually hanged on three 
 gallows before one of the gates of the Fort. Only 
 on one occasion an emeute might have occurred. 
 A horse of one of the officers became restive, 
 and the mob consequently moved onwards. The 
 movement being communicated to others, the living 
 mass advanced towards the gate, and nearly sur- 
 rounded the European soldiers guarding the prisoners. 
 The sentry at the gate, therefore, imagined an 
 attack was meant, and called out " To arms ! " and the 
 artillerist at the gun was about to apply the portfire 
 to the touch-hole, and shower grape and canister on 
 the people, even at the risk of injuring our own men, 
 
26 SIEGE OF LUCKNOW. [June. 
 
 when the masses again retreated, and the catastrophe 
 was prevented in time. 
 
 Among the prisoners, on that or another occasion, 
 were also four banniahs (native shopkeepers), who 
 were proved to have been agents of the mutineers of 
 Benares, and who had arrived here from that city in 
 order to propagate rebellion at Lucknow. They be- 
 longed to a batch of eighteen others, who were also 
 accused of the same crime, but of whom fourteen 
 were released. The joy of the acquitted was some- 
 thing really ludicrous to behold. They rubbed their 
 foreheads on the ground, danced and ran about like 
 madmen, and could scarcely believe their own ears 
 and eyes when their release was notified to them. 
 They must have felt that if the case had been re- 
 versed, and we were in their hands as accused, we 
 should have met with no mercy. 
 
 The news of the mutiny which had broken out at 
 Cawnpore, and of the straits and sufferings which our 
 beleaguered countrymen at that station had to en- 
 dure, cast a gloom over the whole place. The besieged 
 force there under Sir Hugh Wheeler, we at first heard, 
 were still holding out against awful odds, but we 
 learnt no particulars on which we could depend ; and 
 when at last all our hopes of their being relieved de- 
 .serted us, and we heard dark reports of their capitu- 
 
JcxE.] PRESCIENCE OF SIR HENRY. 27 
 
 lation and final massacre, we, in the midst of the 
 indignation we felt, were yet thankful that we had 
 not fared as badly as they. Though the daks and all 
 communications with other stations had been closed 
 since the 5th of Jime, few of us expected that 
 we should ever be besieged oui'selves, and none 
 imagined a siege could have been so protracted. 
 Even Sir He/ry himself did not think so ; yet, to 
 provide against all contingencies, like a wise and 
 prudent general, he ordered immense supplies of 
 wheat, corn, and all sorts of provisions into the Resi- 
 dency and Muchee Bhawn. This eventually saved 
 our lives. But for his prescience, Lucknow would 
 have been lost, and we should have been starved to 
 death, or massacred long, long before this. 
 
 Sir Hugh Wheeler succeeded in sending two or 
 three letters to Sir Henry, but his communications 
 were so very scant, owing to the necessity of eluding 
 the vigilance of his enemies, that the pieces of paper 
 on which the few lines were scrawled naturally 
 contained no details. One of these messengers, a 
 bearer or valet of the unfortunate general, was shot 
 in crossing the Ganges, and arrived with a fractured 
 arm, with which he slunk about for three days in 
 the jungles, avoiding the highways, and arrived 
 here almost exhausted. His arm was amputated. 
 
28 SIEGE OF LUC KNOW. [June, 
 
 and I believe he still lives. One of these letters 
 contained news of the fall of Delhi, or at least 
 was said to have contained such intelligence, for it is 
 not now even known whether Sir Henry caused a 
 salute to be fired for our supposed success before the 
 walls of the Imperial City, from a belief of the 
 truth of the report or from a ruse de guerre, to 
 restore confidence in the midst of the city people. 
 The natives are generally the first to obtain correct 
 intelligence of public events, and they, therefore, 
 doubted this. But they still believed that there 
 might be something true about our success ; and the 
 Company's paper, which had gradually gone down 
 from 20 per cent, discount (the rate at which the ma- 
 hajuns had purchased it before the mutiny in canton- 
 ments) to 60 and 75 per cent, discount, rose to 40 and 
 50 per cent, discount, in consequence of the twenty- 
 one reports of our cannon. 
 
 Long before this the mahajuns, and even the bank, 
 had ceased to transact business. No drafts could be 
 cashed or obtained, no loans were granted, no credit 
 was given by natives to Europeans, and no purchases 
 were made by merchants. The cantonments and the 
 city were no longer inhabited by Europeans; and 
 even Constantia House and the Martiniere, upon 
 which buildings a great deal of money had been ex- 
 
June.] APPEARANCE OF THE RESIDENCY. 29 
 
 pended for fortifications, were at the eleventh hour 
 abandoned, with the sanction of Sir Henry Lawrence. 
 From the anxious manner in which the natives desired 
 to part with the Company's paper, it was evident 
 that they at least put no faith in the stability of our 
 rule. 
 
 The city was still apparently perfectly tranquil ; and 
 though, owing/ to our large purchases, provisions were 
 getting rather dear, yet everything could be had, and 
 in almost any quantity too. Few people, however, 
 laid in large stores, for no one contemplated the 
 events that subsequently happened, and we were too 
 sanguine in our expectations of reinforcements from 
 Calcutta. 
 
 The Residency itself was crowded with ladies, 
 women and children, and every house and outhouse 
 was occupied. Preparations for defence were con- 
 tinued, and thousands of coolies, were employed 
 at the batteries, stockades, and trenches, which we 
 were everywhere completing. We buried the treasure 
 and ammunition, of which fortunately we had a large 
 supply, and brought together as many guns as we 
 could collect. The Residency and Muchee Bhawn 
 presented most animated scenes. There were soldiers, 
 sepoys, prisoners in irons, men, women, and children, 
 hundreds of servants, respectable natives in their 
 
30 SIEGE OF LTJCKNOW. [Junk. 
 
 carriages, coolies carrying weights, heavy cannons, 
 field-pieces, carts, elephants, camels, bullocks, horses, 
 all moving about hither and thither, and continual 
 bustle and noise were kept up from moruing to 
 night. Tents were pitched ; and in fact there was 
 scarcely a corner which was not in some way occupied 
 and turned to account. 
 
 Our engineer officers were also blasting buildings, 
 and endeavouring to level as many houses as possible 
 round about us. Unfortunately, the Chinhutt affair 
 overtook us so suddenly that we could not complete 
 these most important measures, and we wasted besides 
 much valuable time and labour upon similar under- 
 takings round about Muchee Bhawn, which we after- 
 wards abandoned. 
 
 Muchee Bhawn* was surrounded by high walls, 
 which, towards the side overlooking the river, pre- 
 sented the appearance of an ancient castle. The 
 buildings within, its towers, magazines, outhouses, and 
 
 * The buildings of Muchee Bhawn (muchee, "fish" — from the de- 
 vice over the gateway, and bhawn, Sanscrit for " house ") had belonged 
 to Nawab Yah Ally Khan, and were purchased by Sir H. L. for 50,000 
 rupees. They originally formed the castle of the ancient Sheikhs, 
 who held it during the rule in Oude of the Viceroy Asoph ood Dow- 
 luh. Lucknow was then a village of little importance, but forming the 
 head-quartei's of the rebellious Sheikhs, who had become very trouble- 
 some, the Viceroy made an expedition in person to it, took their 
 castle of Muchee Bhawn, and, liking the spot himself, removed his 
 capital from Fyzabad to Lucknow, which he built. 
 
June.] MUCIIEE BHAWN FORT. 31 
 
 terraces, were so numerous and intricate, that a stranger 
 might easily have lost his way among them. Towards 
 the north, Muchee Bhawn commanded the iron and 
 stone bridges; to the south and west, had been 
 one of the most populous parts of the tow^n, and 
 which was now partially levelled, and continuing 
 to be levelled ; towards the east it was commanded 
 by the Residency, and overlooked some very fre- 
 quented thoroughfares, of which we were fast de- 
 molishing the houses. We strengthened the forti- 
 fications, planted cannon on the walls, and, where 
 that could not be done, placed jingals (immense 
 blunderbusses moving on pivots) on them. To all 
 appearance the Muchee Bhawn Fort was a most 
 formidable and secure stronghold, but in reality it 
 could never have been long defended by us. Its old 
 walls would have crumbled to dust by the continued 
 reverberations of our own cannon, and it was besides 
 not large enough to accommodate all the families that 
 had found refuge in Lucknow, and we had not troops 
 sufficient to garrison two places against a numerous 
 and well disciplined enemy. 
 
 The question whether Muchee Bhawn was to be 
 abandoned or not was several times mooted in the 
 council chamber. Opinions were evidently fluc- 
 tuating; for on one day it was determined to bring all 
 the treasure, a great number of gims, a vast deal of 
 
32 SIEGE OF LUCKNOW. [June. 
 
 ammunition, and all the provisions away from the 
 fort. Again counter-orders were given, and some of 
 the provisions and ammunition were actually sent 
 back. Then again removals took place, and it was 
 finally determined to hold Muchee Bhawn some time 
 longer. 
 
 ,It was fortunate that the treasure was allowed 
 to remain in the Kesidency. Mr. Deprat, who 
 had been ordered to remove all his goods into 
 the fort, was specially prohibited from taking them 
 away, Grovernment, so Sir Henry said, holding them- 
 selves responsible for any loss he might sustain. We 
 occupied one of the rooms of the outhouses, and, 
 during our residence there, lived as well as we could 
 on Burgundy and hermetically sealed and other 
 provisions. We seemed to have a presentiment of 
 what privations we had afterwards to undergo, for 
 we enjoyed ourselves as much as good living could 
 effect. However, Deprat required at last my ser- 
 vices in the Kesidency, whither he was removing 
 all Mrs. Hayes's library, Mr. Jackson's furniture, and 
 Lady Outram's property ; and I removed to the house 
 which he had obtained there. 
 
 The Muchee Bhawn, perhaps, notwithstanding its 
 weakness, yet answered a political purpose. The na- 
 tives entertained the highest opinion of its strength, 
 and believed it almost impregnable. The place was 
 
JtrxE.] CAUSES FOR DISAFFECTION. 33 
 
 commanded by Brevet-Major Francis, of the 13tli 
 Native Infantry, an excellent officer, who was ably 
 seconded in his endeavours to arrange the interior 
 economy of the place by the Fort Adjutant, Lieutenant 
 Huxham, 48th Nsttive Infantry. The strength of the 
 fort consisted of two companies of Europeans, Captain 
 Alexander's Horse Artillery battery, the mortar bat- 
 tery, and the gate guns. There were, besides, scores 
 of large and small cannon, formerly belonging to the 
 king, lying about the place without gun-carriages and 
 useless. It is very probable that the fear of our guns 
 playing upon the town from that fort prevented an 
 insurrection of the city people after the mutiny in 
 cantonments. 
 
 That the Lucknow people should rise against us 
 was a very probable event, notwithstanding the 
 false reports which we received of their universal 
 contentment. "We had done very little to deserve 
 their love and much to merit their detestation. 
 Thousands of nobles, gentlemen, and officials, who 
 during the king's time had held lucrative appoint- 
 ments, and who were too idle to work, were now 
 in penury and want, and their, myriads of retainers 
 and servants thrown out of employ of course. Then 
 the innumerable vagabonds, bravos, arid beggars, 
 who under the native rule infested the city and 
 
 D 
 
34 SIEGE or LUCKNOW. [June. 
 
 found bread in it, were starving during our ad- 
 ministration. The native merchants, shopkeepers, 
 and bankers, who, while Wajid Ally was on the 
 throne, made large profits from supplying the luxu- 
 rious wants of the king, his courtiers, and the 
 wealthy ladies of the thronged harems, found no 
 sale for their goods ; and the people in general, and 
 especially the poor, were dissatisfied because they 
 were taxed directly and indirectly in every way. 
 
 We had been so very anxious to show a large 
 balance-sheet in our favour, that we were less careful 
 to make the people happy than to make them fill 
 our treasuries. There was a duty on stamps, on 
 petitions, on food, on houses, on eatables, on ferries. 
 There was an opium contractor, a contractor for 
 supplying corn and provisions, a salt and spirit con- 
 tractor, and in fact contracts were given for every- 
 thing that in Paris would come under the name of 
 octroi. Everything in the shape of food was con- 
 sequently very dear; and the contractors, the most 
 opulent of whom was one Shirf ood Dowlah, a re- 
 negade wretch, who under the king's rule even was 
 infamous for his peculation and robbery, at a time 
 when theft and plunder were openly committed, were 
 making large fortunes, while the people suffered by 
 their extortions. 
 
 The tax upon opium especially caused an immense 
 
JrsE.] DISCONTENT OF THE INHABITANTS. 35 
 
 discontent throughout the country, but particularly 
 in the city. Opium was an article as extensively 
 used in Lucknow as in China, and the sudden de- 
 privation of this drug was most severe upon the 
 poorer opium-eaters. Masfy who could not obtain 
 it at the increased rates actually cut their own 
 throats in desperation. Besides, our magistrates, 
 though themselves anxious to be just, were too much 
 hampered by regulations to which the people were 
 yet strangers, to dispense equal justice, and were 
 prevented by their sheristadars and native officials, 
 whose corruption and venality were proverbial, from 
 carrying out the dictates of their own consciences. 
 The kotwal of the city, who had shown himself so 
 zealous in our cause, and who was attached to it, not 
 from gratitude, but from the general detestation which 
 lie inspired, had no friends but our officials, who were 
 ignorant of his real character and unfortunately 
 placed too much reliance on his integrity. This man 
 threatened any one, who he thought could pay him 
 well, with an accusation, and, from the high position 
 lie held and the means at his command, he became a 
 very formidable enemy to whoever was bold enough 
 to oppose him or to laugh at his power. His de- 
 bauched character, too, made him peculiarly obnoxious 
 to fathers and husbands, whom, by means of his myr- 
 
 D 2 
 
36 SIEGE OF LUCKNOW. [June. 
 
 midons, he could at any time deprive of a daughter 
 or a ^vife. The natives were, besides, taught by our 
 Mohammedan and Hindoo subordinates to look upon 
 us as corrupt and unjust; for few of them took bribes 
 without letting it be understood that the greater por- 
 tion of them was appropriated by our magistrates and 
 high officials, who, poor men, little knew how their 
 characters for justice were maligned, and what fortunes 
 their employees were making at the expense of their 
 reputations. 
 
 Then there were fanatics in plenty in the city, 
 who made use of religious enthusiasm to influence 
 the minds of their co-religionists still more against 
 us. Every true Mohammedan is at heart an enemy 
 to the professors of Christianity, however much he 
 may disguise his feelings for the time being, and no 
 matter what amount of benefits and kindnesses he 
 may receive at their hands. To slay or injure an 
 infidel is with him a meritorious action. Lucknow 
 was the seat of Mohammedan literature ; and it need 
 not, therefore, be a matter of wonder if the numerous 
 preachers who started up against us, and cursed our 
 rule, found large and sympathising congregations. 
 They easily persuaded their hearers that to rebel 
 against us was acceptable in the sight of Heaven, 
 and that Allah would bless with success any attempt 
 at throwing off the odious yoke of the infidel foreigners, 
 
June.] MOHAMMEDAN FANATICISM. 37 
 
 — the despoilers of their king, the revilers of their 
 holy religion, the eaters of the unclean animal, 
 and the consumers of the^ forbidden drink. And 
 blending fanaticism with cunning, they added that 
 the Hindoos, too, would have their religion disre- 
 spected, would be christianised, and would have to 
 handle cow-fat and eat beef. Their hearers, already 
 excited against us, were easily led to believe that the 
 prisoners we were hanging were martyrs of a good and 
 holy cause. One of these itinerant fakeers, who was 
 caught in the act of preaching universal war against 
 us, was condemned to receive a hundred lashes — a 
 measure which cooled the ardour of his brethren for 
 some time. Thousands of ill-looking wretches, how- 
 ever, might daily be seen passing under the gallows, 
 registering vows of vengeance against us. 
 
 Of the real state of affairs, such as I have attempted 
 to depict it. Sir Henry Lawrence was well aware. 
 He had already put the Kesidency under garrison 
 laws, and sentinels and patrols were everywhere 
 posted. He had organised a body of volunteer ca- 
 valry, consisting of officers, clerks, and others, under 
 the command of Captain Ratcliffe of the 7th Light 
 Cavalry, with Captain Boileau of the Oude Irregulars 
 for a second in command, and Mr. Alexander Bryson 
 for sergeant. A body of infantry, consisting of ci- 
 
 D 3 
 
38 SIEGE OF LUCKNOW. [June. 
 
 vilians, were also drilled, and had to perform sentinel 
 and other duties in the various houses and batteries 
 to which they were posted, within the Eesidency 
 compound. 
 
 Sir Henry Lawrence was indefatigable, and seemed 
 almost never to sleep. Often would he sally out in 
 disguise, and visit the most frequented parts of the 
 native town, to make personal observations, and see 
 how his orders were carried out. He several times 
 had a thin bedding spread out near the guns at 
 the Bailey-guard Gate, and retired there among 
 the artillerists, not to sleep, but to plan and to 
 meditate undisturbed. He appeared to be ubiqui- 
 tous, and to be seen everywhere. All loved and 
 respected the old gentleman, and indeed every one 
 had cause, for none was too lowly for his notice, 
 and no details were too uninteresting for him. 
 Every one working under him, no matter how subor- 
 dinate his position, knew that, if he performed his 
 duties cheerfully and well. Sir Henry, who was a 
 keen observer of persons, would not allow him to go 
 unrewarded. The Uncovenanted, particularly, had a 
 kind friend in him, and with the common soldier 
 he was equally if not even more popular. On Sir 
 Henry's removing the head-quarters of his office from 
 cantonments into the Residency he was loudly cheered 
 by the men. " Long life to Sir Henry ; long live Sir 
 
JcNE.] SIR HENRY LAWRENCK. 39 
 
 Henry," resouDded from all sides ; and a long and 
 loud " hurrah " continued as long as he was visible. 
 One poor man vociferated so loudly that he burst a 
 blood-vessel — a heavy price for a little enthusiasm. 
 
 Sir Henry seemed to all who saw him to be worn 
 out with fatigue ; and his immense responsibility 
 at so critical a period appeared to bear particularly 
 heavy on him. 
 
 Sir Henry Lawrence had received from Calcutta, 
 some time before the siege, plenary powers to use 
 his own discretion with regard to Oude. He might, 
 80 it was stated, either keep the country, or tempo- 
 rarily evacuate it. He unhesitatingly rejected the 
 latter alternative; that we are still in possession of 
 a position in Oude, and are in a fair way of re- 
 taking what we have lost, is entirely owing to Sir 
 Henry. Though the loss our troops sustained during 
 the siege and in the first relief by Greneral Havelock's 
 force was immense, some advantages at least were 
 gained. Besides, had we abandoned Lucknow at 
 that time, the moral effect would most probably 
 have been still more ruinous to our Grovernment, 
 and would have entailed an incalculable loss of 
 blood and treasure. And besides, the fact of our 
 little garrison holding out so long against a far su- 
 perior force of well-disciplined men, supplied with 
 i> I 
 
40 SIEGE OF LUCKNOW. [June. 
 
 all the requirements of civilised warfare, must have 
 not a little astonished the surrounding provinces, and 
 made us rise in their estimation as much as we 
 might have lost in prestige before. In a word, all 
 who are intimately acquainted with the facts are of 
 opinion that it would have been highly impolitic to 
 evacuate Oude at a time when we had it in our 
 power to do so with impunity ; but after the 30th of 
 May, when such a course might have been politic, it 
 was no longer practicable. 
 
 The insurgents were said to be approaching 
 Lucknow, but another foe was already in our camp 
 quite as terrible as they. This was the cholera, which 
 daily sent two or three men, principally from the 
 fort of Muchee Bhawn, to their graves. It was heart- 
 rending to see the hospital of that place constantly 
 filled with the victims of this dire scourge. 
 
 Two sad occurrences took place shortly before the 
 siege. One happened in the Eesidency. This was 
 the murder of a European by a European, both 
 brave and gallant soldiers, whom we could little spare 
 at a time like the present. The wives of Eiding- 
 Master Eldrige and Sergeant-Major Keogh, both 
 of the 7th Light Cavalry, had a quarrel, and the 
 husbands, being appealed to by their better halves, 
 took it up warmly; high words ensued, and on 
 a term of abuse being made use of by the riding- 
 
Jr-NE.] FATAL QUARREL. 41 
 
 master, Keogh drew his pistol, which he carried in 
 his belt, and shot Eldrige dead. The sergeant- 
 major was of course put under arrest, but he was not 
 condemned to death, and on the commencement of 
 the siege he was released and ordered to go to his 
 duty. But a Power higher than any human tri- 
 bunal did not allow him to go unpunished. A bullet 
 from the enemy fractured his thigh ; his leg was am- 
 putated, and he died from the effects of the operation. 
 
 At Muchee Bhawn, also, a more excusable crime 
 was committed, for the murderer was a Sikh, labouring 
 under the effects of some intoxicating drug or under 
 temporary insanity. The man, apparently furiously 
 mad, ran a-muck, killing or wounding with his 
 sword whomsoever he saw. He succeeded in killing 
 one Sikh and severely wounding two sepoys, before he 
 could be secured. The poor fellow, who was put in . 
 irons, was deeply sorrowful at the murder he had com- 
 mitted, without cause, as well as without premedita- 
 tion. The possibility of another and similar fit of mad- 
 ness on his part no doubt prevented his being released. 
 
 We had made several state prisoners, who were 
 taken into custody as a precautionary measure, at the 
 instigation, it was believed, of the kotwal, who no 
 doubt imagined he should obtain charge of them, and 
 could consequently squeeze a good deal of money out 
 of them. But Captain Carnegie took them under 
 
42 • SIEGE OF LUC KNOW, [JuxVE. 
 
 his own care, and disappointed his expectations. 
 Wuzeer Mirza, the nephew of the well-known Nawab 
 Momtaz-ood-Dowlah, now siding with the insurgents, 
 was subsequently set at liberty. The detention of 
 these state prisoners, whatever the origin, was a wise 
 and politic measure. It was feared, and justly so, 
 that the enemy would force them, owing to their 
 elevated rank, to take a prominent position in the 
 coming revolution, and perhaps place one of them on 
 the throne, and make the others ministers or sirdars. 
 One was Mustapha Ally Khan, the ex-king's elder 
 brother, who by rights should have been placed on 
 the throne, but who was excluded by the old king on 
 pretence of being insane, — a charge perfectly ridi- 
 culous. Since then he never wore a turban or cap. 
 " A crown only," he says, " shall encircle my brows." 
 Prince Kookun-ood-Dowlah, the son of Saad-ut-Ally, 
 ruler of Oude, an old nobleman held in much esteem 
 here, and Nawabs Mohammed Humayoon Khan, and 
 Mirza Mohammed Shiko, nephew of the celebrated 
 Solyman Shiko, of the royal families of Oude and 
 Delhi, were the others. The young Eajah of 
 Toolsepore, whose feuds with his father (whom 
 it was believed he caused to be murdered) are so 
 well known in India, completes the list. The rest 
 of the prisoners were unimportant persons, merely^ 
 attendants and servants on the others. 
 
43 
 
 CHAP. III. 
 
 TRAGIC SCENES. 
 
 Major Marriott's Expedition. — Murder of Captain Burmester and 
 Ensign Farquharson. — Death of Captain Staples. — Lieutenant 
 Boulton's miraculous Escape. — Lieutenant Bax's Death Lieu- 
 tenant J. Longueville Clarke's Gallantry and Capture of Fuzel 
 Ally. — Death of himself and his Companions. — Uncertainty of 
 the Pate of others in the Out- stations. — Wholesale Butchery of 
 the Shahjehanpore Eefugees. — Captain Patrick Orr and his 
 Family saved. — Refugees from Duriabad, Secrora, and Seetapore. 
 — Lieutenant Farquhar's Description of the State of the re- 
 maining Men of the Native Regiments. — Captain Adolphe Orr's 
 perilous Position. — Mutiny of the Military Cavalry Police. — 
 
 Captain Weston's daring Act IMutiny of the Military Infantry 
 
 Police. — Treason in our Camp Captain Adolphe Orr's mira- 
 culous Escape. — Anecdote. — Our Pursuit — Mr. Thornhill 
 wounded. — Retreat of the Mutineers. — Masonic Dinner on St. 
 John's Day. 
 
 Major Marriott, the Pension Paymaster, had, ac- 
 cording to the policy then prevalent, been sent out 
 into the district, ostensibly to pay the native pen- 
 sioners, but really to try and restore our authority and 
 to report on the state of the country. He was ac- 
 companied by two companies of the 48th Native In- 
 fantry, under Captain Burmester and Ensign PV- 
 
44 SItGE OF LUCKNOW. [Junk. 
 
 quharson, of that regiment, and a body of the 7th 
 Light Cavalry, officered by Captain Staples and Lieu- 
 tenants Boulton and Martin. Encamping near a vil- 
 lage in Oude, Major Marriott had become aware of 
 the mutinous state of the native soldiery under his 
 orders. Before sitting down to dinner, he apprised 
 his brother officers of his intention to return to Luck- 
 now, at the same time giving them permission, and 
 strongly advising them to do the same. But Captain 
 Burmester said that he had the most implicit confi- 
 dence in his sepoys, and the other officers likewise 
 remained. 
 
 Lieutenant Boulton had already made every pre- 
 paration for escape, for he was less confident than his 
 brother officers. His horse had been tied to a tree 
 at a distance, and, accompanied by Captain Staples, 
 whom he had persuaded to join him, he arrived 
 safely at the tree, favoured by the darkness of the 
 evening. Unfortunately they had but one horse, for 
 Staples had only at the eleventh hour determined 
 on quitting. They mounted the same animal, and 
 galloped off. They were seen, fired at, and Staples, 
 who was behind, was shot through the back and 
 fell. The other officers were all killed while at 
 dinner, but Boulton effected his escape. He was 
 pursued by seven of his men, and a bullet sent after 
 
June.] MURDER OF CAPTAIN STAPLES, ETC. 45 
 
 him wounded him in the wrist. He rode for six 
 miles for his life, and, jumping a broad ditch, 
 left his pursuers behind. He succeeded at last in 
 reaching Cawnpore through the whole of the enemy's 
 camp, only to fall in the general massacre which sub- 
 sequently overtook all our countrymen and country- 
 women there. Lieutenant Hutchinson, who had also 
 been sent somewhere into the interior, was pursued to 
 the very Residency by a few of his rebellious cavalry- 
 men, but fortunately escaped. Lieutenant Bax, of 
 the 48th, commanding an Oude Irregular corps in the 
 district, also fell a victim to the treachery of his men. 
 The news from the districts, meanwhile, became 
 every day more and more gloomy, and our intelli- 
 gence every day more defective. I heard with sorrow 
 and grief, from authentic news brought in by the na- 
 tive extra Assistant Commissioner who had accom- 
 panied him, that my sister's brother-in-law and friend. 
 Lieutenant Joseph Longueville Clarke, second in com- 
 mand of the 7th Oude Irregular Infantry, had been 
 murdered. He had earned for himself a distinguished 
 reputation, and the thanks of Government, for the 
 energy he displayed in tracking, and finally, after 
 an incredibly long march, coming upon the camp 
 of the famous robber chief and powerful feudal baron, 
 the murderer of Mr. Boileau of the Civil Service, 
 
46 SIEGE OF LUCKNOW. [Junk. 
 
 Fuzel Ally. After a hand-to-hand struggle, in which 
 he was wounded, he had succeeded in killing Fuzel 
 Ally himself, his brother, and several followers. This 
 success most probably retarded the rebellion for some 
 months, and at all events deprived the insurgents of 
 a chief who united indomitable courage with great 
 skill and perseverance, and who had for many years 
 held the king's and our own authority at defiance. 
 
 Longueville Clarke, and Mr. Cunliife, and another, 
 Mr. Jackson, I think, of the Civil Service, accom- 
 panied by the native extra Assistant Commissioner, 
 who might have been a friend or a traitor for aught 
 I know, had managed to reach the edge of the river 
 G-augra, at Byramghat, from Gonda. - Lieutenant 
 Clarke died a martyr to a chivalrous point of 
 honour. He refused to leave his district when a 
 chance of escape to Nepal or Lucknow w^as offered to 
 him, before any mutiny actually occurred. He said 
 he must stay behind as long as his presence was 
 necessary to secure the safety of the other fugitives, 
 and that it was his duty to sacrifice his life, were it 
 required of him, for the good of the Grovernment he 
 served. It was only after he could no longer allay the 
 rebellious spirits of his soldiers that he consented to 
 leave his post. He and his noble-spirited companions 
 either could not get boats to escape from their pur- 
 
June.] WHOLESALE BUTCHERY OF REFINES. 47 
 
 siiers, or they arrived at the opposite bank, ran for a 
 short distance, and were then killed in a village ; or 
 they were made prisoners after being wounded in a 
 desperate resistance, tried by the rebels for the murder 
 of Fuzel Ally, and shot ; but at all events they fell 
 victims to the cruelty of the insurgents. The reports 
 of the manner of their death are various. 
 
 Poor Clarke had entrusted his sword and pistols to 
 an old native dependent, with the request to fonvard 
 them, in the event of his death, to a friend, with a 
 view to have them transmitted to his father, Mr. 
 Longueville Clarke, the distinguished barrister, at 
 Calcutta. This was faithfully executed. 
 
 Of my friend Captain Patrick Orr and his family I 
 heard through his brother Adolphe, who showed me 
 the letter, which contained the first intimation we 
 had of the tragic fate of the Shahjehanpore refugees. 
 These unfortunates having escaped the fate of Mr. 
 Ricketts, the collector, and others, who were killed 
 at church, arrived, to the number of twenty-eight, 
 men, ladies, and children, in safety at Mohumdee, 
 where Captain Orr was Deputy-Commissioner. 
 
 A party of the men who had served under Orr, 
 when he commanded a King's Regiment during the 
 native rule, forced themselves upon the party as an 
 escort. Captain Orr before allowing the sepoys to ac- 
 
4S SIEGE OF LUCKNOW. [June. 
 
 company them, as well as himself and his family, first 
 made them swear on the head of a Brahmin jemadar, 
 or native officer, the most sacred oath a Hindoo can 
 take, that they would not touch a hair of their heads. 
 They had scarcely set out a short distance, however, 
 when the sepoys obliged the ladies and children to 
 leave their carriages and to walk. The gentlemen, 
 fourteen in number, were murdered one by one, near 
 Mithowly, and the whole of the ladies and children, 
 certain of their coming fate, assembling together in 
 one body, were shot down while kneeling and singing 
 a hymn.* Captain Orr, his wife and child, alone 
 were saved. One of the sepoys interposed his body 
 between them and the mutineers, seconded by other 
 soldiers who had served under Orr before, and assisted 
 in preventing their murder. They had to wander 
 about for several days in the jungle, in constant 
 dread of their lives, protected by a friendly Eajah, 
 Lona Singh, and w^ere joined by refugees from See- 
 tapore and other stations. These were. Sir Mount- 
 
 * The victims of this wholesale sepoy butchery were Lieutenant 
 Scott, son of Major Scott, mother and sister ; Captains Sneyd, Ly- 
 saght, and Salmon ; Lieutenants Thompson, 25th Native Infantry, 
 Pitt, Robertson, Rutherford, Key and wife ; Ensigns Spens, Scott, 
 White, and Johnstone ; Mrs, Bowling and two children ; Sergeant 
 Reilley, wife and child ; and the quartcr-master-sergeant of the 25th, 
 his wife and child. 
 
Jl'ne.] captain ore AND OTHER REFUGEES. 49 
 
 Stuart Jackson, the Misses Jackson, Lieutenant 
 Bumes, little Miss Christian, Sergeant Norton, and 
 one or two others. 
 
 Captain John Hearsey was not heard of. He was 
 probably the European said to have been seen on an 
 elephant with some ladies, made a prisoner, and shot. 
 
 Of Captain Bunbury, too, we knew nothing. 
 
 From Sultanpore we heard of the murder of Messrs. 
 Stroyan, Block, and Colonel Fisher, and the escape of 
 the ladies and the other gentlemen. Of the Fyzabad 
 mutiny we learnt only inaccurate reports, and were 
 therefore doubtful whether the inhabitants had really 
 escaped or not. From Seetapore we had no news ; 
 and a party of the Volunteer Cavalry were therefore 
 despatched by Sir Henry to escort the ladies of that 
 station in. They met them — thirty officers and la- 
 dies — tired, weary, hungry, and sunburnt, and with 
 blistered feet and hands, at a place called Bukshee 
 Ka Talao, not far from cantonments which we were 
 still keeping as a piquet. It was retained as such 
 by two companies of infantry and a battery of horse 
 artillery, that remained behind till the 29th of June, 
 when they were ordered into Muchee Bhawn. Lieu- 
 tenant Lester, 32nd Kegiment Native Infantry, also 
 escaped from Seetapore with another party. To his 
 coolness, courage, and personal influence with the na- 
 E 
 
50 SIEGE OF LUCKNOW. [June. 
 
 tives of the districtj it is believed it is entirely due, 
 that he and the small party of fugitives he took 
 under his protection escaped unharmed. But the 
 sufferings he endured during this flight, his ex- 
 posure, and anxiety of mind, told severely on him, 
 and his friends were greatly shocked on his arrival 
 at Lucknow to perceive how much feebler and older 
 he looked than when they last saw him. 
 
 There was another expedition of a detachment of 
 Volunteers, who went towards Secrora, but who re- 
 turned without effecting their object. A third re- 
 connoitring party went to Nawabgunge, on the Cawn- 
 pore road; and a fourth, to Nawabgunge of Bara 
 Bunky, on the Fyzabad road. Neither party saw 
 an enemy. The latter only brought in a couple of 
 sowars, evidently spies of the insurgents, who were 
 pursued and captured. 
 
 Other refugees were, now and then, also coming in 
 from other stations. Dr. Thompson, from Duriabad, 
 was the first to come in from that station and give 
 the news of the outbreak there; and Mr. Benson 
 and family, and the other families, as well as Captain 
 Hawes of the 5th Oude Irregulars, followed. Several 
 others escaped from Secrora, and Mr. F.D.Lucas from 
 Baraitch ; but by far the greatest number fell victims 
 to the cruelty of the natives. Of this we had several 
 
JcNR.j EXTRACT FROM FARQUHAR's JOURNAL. 51 
 
 tangible proofs. The body of an European woman, 
 cut in quarters, was brought in, and the corpses of 
 two or three others were seen lying on the roadside. 
 Mrs. Dorin, wife of the ofiBcer commanding the 10th 
 Oude Irregular Infantry, after having had the most 
 wonderful esoapes, arrived here in a miserable country 
 cart, accompanied by Mr. Bickers, of the Uncove- 
 nanted Service, and his wife and children. The wife 
 of a sergeant-major, severely wounded, likewise found 
 her way in here. Most of these unfortunates found 
 a ready refuge at the house of Mr. Grubbins, the 
 Financial Commissioner, who had charge of the In- 
 telligence Department. They were at the time hos- 
 pitably treated here during health throughout the 
 siege, and during illness tended with sisterly care by 
 Mrs. Grubbins. 
 
 I subjoin here an extract from Lieutenant Far- 
 fjuhar's interesting journal, which will show the exact 
 position in which we were at this time : — " Wlien we 
 got to cantonments we were ordered to the Artillery 
 parade-ground, where a camp was formed, and where 
 we bivouacked for a fortnight with the eighty men 
 who remained of our regiment (the 7th Light Ca- 
 valry). We were almost daily informed by spies 
 that these eighty fellows intended to cut our throats. 
 The 48th Native Infantry were encamped close to 
 
 E 2 
 
52 SIEGE OF LUCKNOW, [June. 
 
 US ; fifty of them stuck to their officers on the night 
 of the mutiny, but, on the following day, 150 men, 
 who returned, and merely expressed their sorrow for 
 having deserted their officers, were taken back. 
 These were pleasant companions to have close to 
 one. The consequence was that the officers of each 
 regiment had to sleep together, armed to the teeth, 
 and two of us had to remain awake two hours each, 
 to watch our own men. We kept these watches 
 strictly, and by that means saved our lives. I used 
 to sleep nightly — in my clothes of course — with my 
 revolver under my pillow, a drawn sword on my bed, 
 and a loaded double-barrelled gun near me. We 
 remained in this disagreeable position for more than 
 two weeks, and I can tell you I was far from sorry 
 when an order came from Sir Henry Lawrence that 
 we were to pay up our men and send them home on 
 leave till the 15th of October, and then' come down 
 to the Eesidency." 
 
 The insurgents of the various stations in Oude were 
 now said to have collected together, and to be ap- 
 proaching Lucknow in great numbers. A party of 
 the Volunteer Cavalry was therefore sent out to Chin- 
 hutt, on the Secrora road, to the north of Lucknow, 
 in order to reconnoitre. They left at one in the 
 morning, and reached at three A. m., amidst showers 
 
June.] NATIVE PENSIONERS, ETC. — ' 53 
 
 of rain. They saw nothing; for the hostile troops 
 had evidently not yet reached ; and returned next day 
 at two o'clock, cold, wet, and uncomfortable. Captain 
 Forbes at the same time reconnoitred towards the 
 Nawabgunge direction. 
 
 The Oude military police, meanwhile, had for some 
 days shown symptoms of being infected with the spirit 
 of mutiny, which now had become general throughout 
 the province. There were still a few native troops 
 faithful to us, but we could of course not depend on 
 the duration of their fidelity. The few sepoys of the 
 13th and other regiments that had not joined in the 
 general mutiny in the cantonments, were those in 
 whom alone we placed some sort of confidence. The 
 native pensioners also, old men, that had fought for 
 us in Cabul, and Burmah, and the Punjab, flocked 
 around us to the Residency, and were likely to adhere 
 to our cause, as it was obviously their interest to do 
 so, unfitted as they were for plunder or long marches 
 by their age. The artillerymen, on the contrary, 
 were suspected to be tainted. One man was actually 
 caught in the act of sending a seditious letter to one of 
 the agents of the mutineer regiments in the country ; 
 — he was, I believe, subsequently hanged. Another 
 was seen changing the elevation of our guns ; a matter 
 of little importance, truly, but still a proof of beiri[; 
 
 £ 3 
 
54 SIEGE OF LUCK NOW. [June, 
 
 ill-affected. Over each gun was placed a European 
 artillerist, whose duty it was to watch narrowly the 
 native gunners. 
 
 More than once, seditioiis conversation had been 
 overheard between the men, by such as could under- 
 stand the language. The native town-police were 
 believed to be staunch, for, during the rising of the 
 30th of May in cantonments, they, as well as the 
 Irregulars, under the command of Brigadier Grray in 
 the Dowlatkhana and Hosseinabad, were strenuous 
 in their exertions to preserve order. 
 
 Of the Military Police, Captain Weston, who com- 
 manded the whole force, of which there was then, 
 however, at Lucknow only a regiment of cavahy, con- 
 sisting of men under his immediate orders, and the 
 3rd Regiment under Captain Adolphe Orr, received 
 constant intimation of the spread of disaffection among 
 them. Notwithstanding this fact being well known at 
 the Eesidency, Captain Orr had received orders from 
 Mr. Ommaney, the Judicial Commissioner, to reside 
 during the night at the jail, which was then guarded 
 by the greater portion of his corps. Himself, Mr. 
 Symes, his father-in-law, Watson, his sergeant-major, 
 and young Maycock, his clerk and quarter-master- 
 sergeant, shared the dangers to which he was thus 
 every night exposed. 
 
 The jail was more than 2000 yards from the Re- 
 
June.] CAPTAIN WESTON'S DARING AC'fiab- 65 
 
 sidency, and in the event of a general rising, what 
 could four Europeans have done in the midst of a 
 rebellious soldiery and an infuriated set of scoundrels, 
 should the mutineers, as was very likely, first set the 
 prisoners at liberty ? The sentinel might easily have 
 killed his officer and allowed his comrades to despatch 
 the rest, mthout hope of relief from the Kesidency. 
 Captain Adolphe Orr and his companions, however, 
 accepted their post of danger without a murmur, and 
 slept nightly among the discontented police. 
 
 It was during the night of the 11th of June that 
 the cavalry of the Military Police first broke out into 
 open mutiny. Their barracks were situated on the 
 new metalled road leading past the Motymahal palace, 
 and the house lately occupied by the 32nd mess, to 
 the Dilkusha and Constantia, a distance of about a 
 mile and a half from the Residency. Intimation of 
 this was soon conveyed to the authorities by one of the 
 police spies. Captain Weston, on this occasion, proved 
 himself to be a daring soldier and faithful servant of 
 Government. Without hesitating an instant, and 
 accompanied only by two native sowars, who might 
 be traitors like the rest, he at once mounted his horse 
 and galloped off to their barracks. 
 
 He found them drawn up on the plain in front of 
 the building, and ready to start off; but his presence 
 
 C 4 
 
56 SIEGE OF LUC KNOW. [June, 
 
 delayed them an instant, and they ceased shouting in 
 order to listen to his speech. But all his efforts to 
 induce them to return to a sense of their duty were of 
 no avail. They drowned his voice by the uproar they 
 renewed, and recommended him to start home, de- 
 claring that they had already too far committed them- 
 selves to hope for any favour from Grovernment, and 
 that they were unable to resist the torrent of the 
 insurrection. No man, however, offered him the 
 least violence, a proof of the respect and affection 
 with which this officer inspired his men, even at a 
 time when they showed themselves ingrates and 
 rebels, and were in the act of throwing off the 
 authority which they had hitherto acknowledged. 
 
 The infantry of the police were not long in follow- 
 ing the example set them by the cavalry, and on the 
 very next day broke out into rebellion. Captain 
 Adolphe Orr, though he had removed his family into 
 the Eesidency, still occupied his own house, about a 
 thousand yards away from the bridge of boats, and not 
 far from the Chutter Munzil palace. He and his 
 father-in-law were about to take their customary 
 siesta, when a havildar came rushing in, breathless 
 with haste, and crying, " Sahib ! Sahib ! they have 
 mutinied, and are coming : quick ! quick ! save your- 
 self." 
 
 The two gentlemen immediately rushed to their 
 
Ju.VE.] PURSUIT OF THE MUTINEERS.J=r- 57 
 
 stables, ordered their horses, and assisted in the 
 saddling. They had just time to mount and 
 to go out by one gate, when the men were seen 
 coming in by the other, running and loading 
 their muskets as they came. One or two shots 
 were fired at them, but they were soon out of 
 range, and galloped off for their lives to the Eesi- 
 dency. They had had a narrow escape. The house, 
 meanwhile, was plundered, and a thousand rupees 
 of regimental money abstracted from the military 
 chest. 
 
 The mutineers next directed their steps to the 
 house lately occupied by the 32nd mess, robbing it 
 of whatever they could take away, and destroying 
 what they could not. They then advanced to 
 Constantia, plundering the bazaars, which they found 
 deserted as they went along. 
 
 Of the whole regiment only one soubahdar, one 
 jemadar, six havildars, and twenty-six sepoys remained 
 faithful to us. They continued to guard the prisoners 
 at the jail who had not been released, and afterwards 
 remained at their posts till they were relieved by a 
 guard of the Irregulars. 
 
 As soon as this affair was known at the Residency, 
 Sir Henry Lawrence called a council together, at 
 which the course of action to be pursued was deter- 
 mined upon. The mutiny broke out at 11 a.m.. 
 
58 SIEGE OF LUC KNOW. [June. 
 
 and it was at noon that the order for pursuit 
 was given. Our European cavalry was not quite 
 effective. Every one ran hither and thither, and 
 whoever could seize a horse did so. Helter-skelter 
 did we gallop on, keeping together as much as 
 we could, and following close upon the field-pieces, 
 on which, and the tumbrils, several volunteers had 
 found seats. Our infantry could not be got ready in 
 time, and our cavalry accordingly started without 
 waiting for them, for time was valuable. They con- 
 sisted of about fifty Europeans, officers, clerks, and 
 others, and about sixty or seventy Sikhs. 
 
 The enemy, meanwhile, had taken up a position 
 near the Martiniere College at Constantia, piled 
 arms there, and gone to rest, at first believing them- 
 selves secure from pursuit. They had afterwards, 
 however, quite intimation enough of our intention, 
 and before our artillery and cavalry could reach, 
 formed square. 
 
 Constantia House, which at that time was gar- 
 risoned by a party of eight or ten volunteers, as many 
 soldiers, and the masters and boys of the Martiniere, 
 was not molested by the mutineers. To its original 
 strength, other fortifications had been added, so that 
 on the whole, it presented rather a formidable ap- 
 pearance. One of the gentlemen attached to the 
 
June.] 3IUTINY OF THE MILITARY TOLWS, 50 
 
 College, had a most narrow escape. He had been 
 to the city, and was returning in his buggy, at the 
 very time when the mutineers were marching to 
 Constantia. He came up with a few stragglers, who 
 seized his buggy and questioned him rather narrowly. 
 One of them asked another whether he ought not to be 
 shot, considering he was a Feringhee ; but they were 
 evidently not inclined to be blood-thirsty. '' He is 
 only a schoolmaster," replied one contemptuously, 
 and so they let him go his way. 
 
 The mutineers consisted of a complete regiment of 
 native officers, non-commissioned officers, and nearly 
 seven hundred men; together with two companies, 
 one of the 2nd, and the other of the 3rd regiment of 
 Military Police, that had joined the day previously. 
 They retreated on the approach of our force, in ex- 
 cellent order; forming square and marching away 
 without any hurry or confusion. They took the 
 direction of the Dilkushar hunting park, and evi- 
 dently purposed retiring on the Cawnpore route. 
 
 Our force now approached, commanded by Briga- 
 dier Inglis, of Her Majesty's 32nd Regiment. The 
 artillery fired a few showers of grape at them, but 
 the impromptu cavalry were not allowed to charge 
 the main body. A few stragglers, who had been away 
 from the head-quarters of the mutinous camp, and 
 
60 SIEGE OF LUCKNOW. [June. 
 
 were surprised by our force, fell victims to the lury 
 of our men, mostly of the Sikhs ; ten or twelve were 
 killed, and eleven taken prisoners. 
 
 Mr. Thornhill, of the Civil Service, displayed great 
 courage on this occasion. He charged a party of two 
 or three men, and in doing so was met with the bayonet 
 of one and the sword and shield of another. Unfortu- 
 nately, his horse became restive and unmanageable ; 
 and, before he had time to strike, he received a bayo- 
 net wound in his thigh. Nothing daunted, he wheeled 
 about, and had just succeeded in hitting his antagonist 
 on the head, when his horse again reared, and thus 
 enabled his enemy to give him another thrust of the 
 bayonet in +he arm. The unfortunate gentleman, 
 covered with blood, was then rescued by a party of 
 Sikhs, who galloped up. Mr. Thornhill's opponent 
 was seized by the hair, and with one swoop had his 
 head severed fi m his body. The other stragglers 
 escaped in one of the numerous little ravines which 
 intersect the Dilkushar estate. 
 
 The main body, meanwhile, marched on through 
 the park, halting every now and then to give us a 
 volley of musketry. On this occasion. Captain 
 Weston gave another proof of devotion and courage. 
 He rode up, alone, and entering into parley with 
 them, asked permission to address them. This they 
 
JuxE.] RETREAT OF THE MUTINEERS. 61 
 
 said he could not be allowed to do, without the 
 sanction of the chief they had elected. This man, 
 mounted on horseback, who directed all their 
 movements, and who every now and then waved 
 his sword at us and animated his men, however, 
 refused to sanction his speaking to the sepoys, a 
 proof that he feared that officer's remonstrance 
 might lead some of the men to return to their duty. 
 One fellow levelled his musket at Captain Weston. 
 Bravery, even with such barbarous scoundrels as the 
 sepoys had proved themselves to be, always ensures 
 respect. A dozen arms were at once thrust forward 
 to strike down the musket of the would-be murderer. 
 "WTio," said they, "who would kill such^a brave man 
 as this!" Captain Weston rode back to our force un- 
 molested. 
 
 The enemy were from 600 to 800 strong; we, 
 on the other hand, had only about 120, of whom 
 the greater part were Europeans, and all mounted ; 
 but this force had never been beaten, and the moral 
 prestige was with us. We had not yet been defeated 
 at Chinhutt, and were all anxious to be allowed to 
 have a brush with the enemy. But Colonel Inglis 
 wisely judged it was possible we might be repulsed. 
 That the enemy would have been obliged, in self- 
 defence, to fight desperately, — for even cowards. 
 
62 SIEGE OF LUCKNOW. [June. 
 
 when they cannot help themselves, can act like brave 
 men, — was but natural to suppose, and our force 
 was for the most part undisciplined, though, I doubt 
 not, courageous enough. The ground was broken, 
 and our artillery horses had the greatest difficulty in 
 pushing over it; the enemy, besides, had the ad- 
 vantage of a capital position, and were in some 
 measure secured by a copse of trees. Notwithstand- 
 ing these disadvantages, our guns and cavalry pur- 
 sued them for about a couple of miles away from 
 the Martiniere, the enemy still retreating in to- 
 lerable order, occasionally giving us the benefit of a 
 volley of musketry. Unfortunately, our infantry 
 could not come up in time. The 100 men of the 
 32nd at last arrived, but too late to be of service, 
 for we were already returning. On their return, a 
 party of town insurgents attempted to intercept our 
 body, should they, as was hoped by the rebels, be 
 led into the ambuscade, into which they were to be 
 led by our treacherous guides. Brigadier Inglis, 
 however, by making a detour at the corner of the 
 Huzrutgunge Bazaar, and passing by the old 32nd 
 Barracks, through the Motymahal plain, avoided 
 this danger. 
 
 Before I conclude this chapter, I must not omit 
 the mention of several dinners which were given as 
 
Jdxe.] masonic dinner. 63 
 
 a relief, as it were, from the harassing thoughts of 
 the day, and an agreeable mode of assembling, and 
 discussing the news and expectations of the times. 
 One of them was given at the post office by the Free- 
 masons, on St. John's day. We sat down about 
 twenty, the worshipful master, M'Grennan, presid- 
 ing, and his senior warden, Bryson, acting as crou- 
 pier. Seeing every one happy and delighted -svith 
 the present, all philosophically forgetful of the future 
 and the past, the thought suddenly came over me, 
 "How many of us, now enjoying the champagne 
 and claret which is profusely passing round, will 
 be alive three months hence ? " It was an omi- 
 nous thought. Before the beginning of October, 
 nine of our party were killed, and three lying grie- 
 vously wounded in hospital. There were no songs 
 sung, but speeches were delivered without number. 
 The healths of the Eoyal family, of Sir Henry Law- 
 rence, of Sir Hugh WTieeler and his gallant band of 
 heroes, who were then still holding out, of Captain 
 Alexander and the Artillery, of Colonel luglis and 
 the 32nd, and of almost every one present, were 
 drunk; and appropriate speeches, of course, made 
 thereon, especially by Mr. M'Grrennan. If good 
 wishes would have preserved life and given pros- 
 perity, what calamities would have been averted ! 
 
64 SIEGE OF LUCKNOW. [Ji 
 
 CHAP. IV. 
 
 THE BATTLE OF CHINHUTT. 
 
 Keconnoitring Party to Chinhutt. — Gallantry of Lieutenant Camp- 
 bell and others.— Our Eorce moves from the Bailey-guard. — The 
 Enemy's Acquaintance with our Plans. — The Kokrail Bridge. — 
 Chinhutt. — Ishmaelpore. — Our Positions. — The Battle. — Colonel 
 Case's Heroic Death. — Our Native Infantry. — The Enemy's 
 Manoeuvres. — Treachery of the Police Force and Native Gun- 
 ners. — Our Ketreat. — The Enemy's Cavalry cut up our Men. — 
 Anecdote. — Our Artillery. — Europeans in the Enemy's Ranks. 
 — Gallant Behaviour of our Volunteer Cavalry. —Incident of the 
 Eebellion. — Noble Conduct of our Sepoys. — Lieutenant Farquhar 
 swallows a Ball. — Sir Henry Lawrence in Action. — Defence of 
 the Iron Bridge.— Beginning of the Siege. — Extracts from Lady 
 Inglis's Interesting Journal. — Mr. John Lawrence's graphic Ac- 
 count of the Battle. 
 
 The insurgents now, as stated by our spies, had 
 really arrived within ten or twelve miles of Lucknow, 
 and their intention was said to be to occupy the city. 
 Sir Henry Lawrence therefore ordered another re- 
 connoitring party to Chinhutt. The Volunteer Ca- 
 valry accordingly left this on the 29th of June. 
 There was no doubt of the enemy's presence, for they 
 had thrown out piquets to a considerable distance 
 
June.] EXPLOIT OF LIEUT. CAMPBELL, ETC. 65 
 
 from the village. These our men drove in, but they 
 could not pursue them with any degree of safety, 
 and Chinhutt itself was evidently occupied by the 
 enemy. 
 
 Five of the Volunteer Cavalry, Lieut. C. W. Camp- 
 bell (Bengal Native Infantry), Mr. Bryson, Private 
 Sampson, formerly of the 32nd, and two native officers 
 of the 7th Light Cavalry, seeing a body of about 
 eighteen troopers break from a wood, could not re- 
 strain their ardour, and, gallantly dashing at them as 
 hard as they could, pursued them about five or six 
 hundred yards. Our men then returned to Lucknow, 
 without having accomplished the chief object of their 
 expedition, viz., to ascertain what the number of the 
 enemy really was. 
 
 Had the battle of Chinhutt taken place on the 29th 
 instead of the 30th, there is every probability this 
 small force would have beaten the rebels. On the 
 night of the 29th, however, their advance guard was 
 joined by the whole strength of the mutinous army, 
 — a fact of which our spies said nothing. And it was 
 upon this information that poor Sir Henry Lawrence 
 was persuaded to plan and carry out the expedition 
 which proved subsequently so disastrous. He, I sup- 
 pose, thought, and thought rightly, that from five 
 to six hundred British troops, Europeans and natives, 
 r 
 
66 SIEGE OF LUCKNOW. [June. 
 
 commanded by English officers, would be quite suffi- 
 cient to cope with three or four times that number 
 of rebels. 
 
 Our force consisted of 300 Europeans of the 32nd 
 Regiment, about 150 of the 13th Native Infantry, and 
 a small number of the 71st and 48th (scarcely 100 
 men), 125 troopers belonging to the Oude Irregular 
 Cavalry, mostly Sikhs, and 30 of our Volunteer 
 Cavalry. The artillery consisted of one large how- 
 itzer drawn by elephants, four European guns of the 
 Horse Light Field Battery, and six native guns of 
 the Oude Field Batteries. 
 
 This small force, amounting altogether to about 700 
 men, were under the immediate orders of Brigadier- 
 Greneral Sir Henry Lawrence. A part collected at the 
 Tehree Kothee, in front of the Bailey-guard, and left 
 Lucknow early at dark. Many of the Europeans 
 had indulged the previous evening a little too freely 
 in liquor ; but though this fact must have been 
 known, they received, before setting out, nothing in 
 the shape of a stimulant to prevent a reaction of the 
 system, and to invigorate them for the fatigues of 
 the journey. They moved on confident of success, 
 and without making any preparations for covering 
 their retreat, should they meet with a reverse, a 
 contingency of which neither Sir Henry, his coun- 
 
JCKE.J THE KOKRAIL BRIDGE. 67 
 
 sellers, nor any European individual of the force ever 
 contemplated the possibility. 
 
 There is every likelihood that the spies, who gave 
 us the intelligence on which -^e acted, had entered 
 into a previous understanding with the rebels, though 
 it is also possible they were themselves deceived in 
 taking an advanced guard of the enemy for the whole 
 of the hostile army. Of one thing I am positive, 
 that the insurgents were perfectly well acquainted 
 "vvith all our movements ; and they must certainly 
 have received correct intimation of the strength of 
 the force that was advancing to dispute their entrance 
 into Lucknow. A little bridge crosses a streamlet 
 with very steep banks called the Kokrail, about six 
 miles distant from the iron bridge. Here our troops 
 halted, and Sir Henry, it appeared, felt at one time 
 inclined to draw up his little army there, and to 
 await the coming of the enemy. It would have been 
 wise to have done so, but a fatality seemed to have 
 pushed him forwards, and he unfortunately again 
 listened to the advisers who wished him to advance. 
 There were rum and water and biscuits with the 
 baggage, but no refreshment was offered to the 
 soldiers, who were already beat by the morning sun, 
 which was striking right into their faces. 
 
 Our little army now approached the plain of Chin- 
 r 2 
 
68 SIEGE or LUCKNOW. [June. 
 
 liutt, a large village situated on the banks of a very 
 extensive jheel or lake, close to which is built a 
 sporting castle of the former kings. Arrived here, 
 the whole of the enemy's army was found drawn up 
 right in front of the village, — not four or five thou- 
 sand strong, as the spies had reported, but number- 
 ing at least fifteen or sixteen thousand men, with 
 not merely two batteries of field-pieces, but six or 
 seven, consisting of more than thirty-six cannon of 
 various calibre. 
 
 To the left of Chinhutt was the camp of the muti- 
 neers, strongly entrenched. Not far from it was a little 
 hamlet of seven or eight huts. To our left was the 
 larger village of Ishmaelpore, at which place, in fact, 
 the action was really fought. Our 8-inch howitzer 
 was placed in the middle of the road, right in front of 
 the enemy. Our guns were more to the right. The 
 European guns, under the immediate command of 
 Captain Simons, who at the time was in command 
 of the whole of the artillery, were in advance ; and of 
 the native guns, under Lieutenants Macfarlane, Bryce, 
 and Alexander, two were on the same side, but nearer 
 to the road to the right, a few yards in the rear, and 
 two others were placed to the left of the road. 
 
 Our infantry was skirmishing in front of the village 
 of Ishmaelpore, the 32nd before it, and the native 
 
f^felB.] THE BATTLE. 69 
 
 infantry extending themselves to the left. Our ca- 
 valry was placed to the right of the guns a little to 
 the rear. A ravine was running from north to south, 
 then to our right. In this were placed our 300 
 police, armed with firelocks, bayonets, swords, and 
 pistols. 
 
 Such were our positions, when the action of Ish- 
 maelpore or Chinhutt began by our commencing fire 
 with the 8-inch howitzer, directed by Lieutenant 
 Bonham. A shell thrown at a range of 1300 yards 
 burst right over the heads of the enemy's main 
 column, and the fire kept up by us soon made the 
 rebels move off the road. We thought the day was 
 ours, and Captain Wilson, the Deputy Assistant-Ad- 
 jutant-General, who throughout the action had 
 behaved with great coolness, and was always in the 
 thickest of the fight, came riding up, crying, " That's 
 it ! there they go ! keep it up ! " But instead of 
 retreating, the enemy had only changed the position 
 of their main body and their guns towards our right, 
 and thence continued to cannonade almost simulta- 
 neously with ours, while their skirmishers at the 
 same time advanced to our left. 
 
 I'he village of Ishmaelpore was filled with the 
 enemy's sharpshooters. Colonel Case, at the head of 
 his 32nd men, gallantly led them up to it, but fell, 
 
 F 3 
 
70 SIEGE OF LUCKNOW. [June. 
 
 struck by a bullet. Had be lived be would probably 
 bave succeeded in clearing tbe village ; tut tbe death 
 of tbeir brave and noble leader seemed suddenly to 
 bave disbeartened bis men, and tbey all lay down on 
 tbe ground bebind a very little undulating rise in 
 tbe field, tbougb firing at tbe enemy as fast as tbey 
 could load. Captain Bassano, seeing tbe Colonel fall, 
 went up to assist bim. " Captain Bassano," was 
 tbe noble speecb of tbe wounded bero, " leave me 
 to die here. Your place is at tbe bead of your 
 company. I bave no need of assistance." 
 
 Meanwhile, Major Bruere, with bis Native 13tb, 
 Colonel Palmer, commanding tbe 48tb, and Lieu- 
 tenant F. M. Birch, with tbe Sikhs of the 71st 
 Native Infantry, occupied the right of our force, 
 and answered the enemy's musketry fire with great 
 spirit. 
 
 Tbe enemy's positions and subsequent manoeuvres 
 were admirable, and displayed generalship worthy of 
 a better cause. Had the leader commanding the 
 rebel army been obeyed to the letter, and bad be 
 had under his command men of ordinary valour, 
 instead of a cowardly mass of native soldiers, dis- 
 trustful of their own powers, not one man of our 
 little force would have reached Lucknow to tell the 
 tale of oui' disaster. 
 
June.] TREACHERY OF THE POLICE FORCE. 71 
 
 The enemy, as soon as the action began, poured 
 a stream of cavalry on to our right, out-flanking us 
 on that side, and getting on the road to cut off our 
 retreat. Their infantry at the same time fired 
 volleys of musketry on ours, still lying down before 
 Ishmaelpore, which was now completely occupied by 
 the rebels, who continued to fire with perfect safety 
 to themselves from behind loopholed walls. They 
 at the same time threw out skirmishers towards our 
 front and left, thus attempting to form a junction 
 with their cavalry to our right, and to make a com- 
 plete circle, with our force in the centre. 
 
 The whole of the Police Force, as soon as the first 
 shot was fired, went at once over to the enemy, as 
 if by a preconcerted arrangement, and commenced 
 firing at us. At the same time, our native gunners, 
 without firing a shot, cut the traces of the artillery 
 horses, and escaped, some deserting to the rebels, 
 others galloping off in the direction of Lucknow, 
 whence they went on towards Cawnpore, to give the 
 first news of their defection and our defeat. The 
 other native gunners, seeing themselves hemmed in, 
 and not able to desert to the opposite side hurried 
 away as fast as the horses could carry them. Several 
 of the cavalry threatened to shoot the men if they did 
 not halt, but the only effect of such menaces was to 
 
 7 4 
 
72 SIEGE OF LUCKNOW. [June. 
 
 induce them to stop till the threateners were out of 
 sight. 
 
 The large howitzer, which the men had christened 
 " Turk," continued to play on the enemy, and was 
 worked splendidly, tearing great gaps in the enemy's 
 ranks with each shell thrown from it by our European 
 artillerymen. The native drivers of the elephants 
 that had been yoked in it had, however, also escaped, 
 and our position was now anything but comfortable. 
 
 The main body of the insurgent army now moved 
 as if on a parade ground, the infantry in open columns 
 of companies, artillery and cavalry at intervals, large 
 masses of the latter gaining the road to cut off our 
 retreat, and infantry skirmishers on the other side 
 continuing to advance. The latter, however, were 
 held in check by our sepoys, who, throughout that 
 day's fight, behaved in a most gallant and noble 
 manner. 
 
 The order for retreat was now given, but the 32nd 
 still kept up a brisk and murderous fire, many men 
 firing more than a hundred rounds of ammunition. 
 Poor gallant Lieutenant-Colonel Case was still seen on 
 the roadside, lying with eyes wide open, with his sword 
 firmly grasped, in the midst of the corpses of his own 
 brave companions in arms. Lieutenant Brackenbury 
 was shot next, and Thompson, the adjutant, was 
 
June ] OUR RLTREAT. 73 
 
 mortally wounded. Captain Bassano was likewise 
 wounded in the leg, but succeeded in arriving safe 
 in the Eesidency, through the intrepidity of a sepoy 
 of the 13th Native Infantry, who carried him for a 
 considerable distance on his back. The men were 
 now panic-struck, and retreated towards Lucknow as 
 fast as they could go. Many poor fellows, desperately 
 wounded and unable to rise, whom no one could or 
 would assist, were seen fighting like bull-dogs held at 
 bay, till they at last fell dead. Parched with thirst, 
 and weak from exertion and fatigue, under the intense 
 heat of a June sun, numbers fell down exhausted, 
 and were cut up by the enemy's cavalry. Others fell, 
 struck by apoplexy. 
 
 Captain Stevens was one out of very many who fell 
 on that disastrous day. He was wounded in the 
 leg, and managed to limp on for five miles afterwards ; 
 but the insurgents pressed on him closer and closer, 
 till he too shared the death which had overtaken 
 so many others. None asked for mercy, for none ex- 
 pected it. Dr. Darby in vain called out to the men 
 to stop for God's sake, and to remember Waterloo 
 ^ and Vimiera. None heeded him ; and Lieutenant 
 Webb, his face black with gunpowder and the peak 
 of his cap shot off, made himself hoarse with shout- 
 ing to the men to halt. The officers of the 32nd 
 
74 SIEGE OF LUCKNOW. [June. 
 
 Eegiment spared no exertions to retrieve the day ; but 
 with a few hundred men against myriads, what chance 
 had they, even if the soldiers had not been half 
 dead with exhaustion ? The Sikh Cavalry, notwith- 
 standing the heroic bearing and tact of their officer. 
 Lieutenant Hardinge, had been the first to fly and 
 to communicate the panic to our infantry. They had 
 dashed at the enemy's cavalry, and cut their way 
 through where the enemy, opening their flanks, did 
 not render that necessary, and fled with all possible 
 speed to Lucknow. 
 
 The European Artillery, meanwhile, had also been 
 ordered to retreat, and all their guns, with the ex- 
 ception of the 8-inch howitzer, were put into move- 
 ment and galloped off. Of the native guns, two 
 were saved ; the rest fell into the hands of the enemy. 
 Sergeant Miller was sent off to bring back the 
 elephants to drag the large cannon off, but unsuc- 
 cessfully. Seeing the enemy's cavalry approach the 
 howitzer. Lieutenant Bonham called out to Captain 
 Eatcliffe to protect it. Four men accordingly fell 
 out, of whom I can only remember the name of Mr. 
 John Lawrence, and were thus exposed to a raking 
 fire. They came in time to disperse four of the 
 enemy's cavalry, who were riding up to the very 
 muzzle of the gun. One of them fired his carbine 
 
\ 
 
 June.] HEROIS^f OF PRIVATE JOHNSON. 75 
 
 at Lieutenant Bonham, and wounded him in the arm. 
 That officer determined to spike the gun, since there 
 was no chance of yoking the elephants again by 
 the drag-ropes. Unfortunately there was no spike at 
 hand. Sergeant Suttle, who was there, accordingly 
 broke off the priming wire in the touch-hole, and 
 abandoned it. A man named Johnson, of the cavalry, 
 previously a private in the 32nd, performed a deed of 
 daring which saved us one of the guns. Seeing it 
 abandoned, he galloped up to it, the enemy as usual 
 retiring on his approach, dismounted, and making 
 over his horse to a brother soldier, mounted one of 
 the artillery horses, and safely brought the gun in. 
 He was recommended for the Victoria Cross. 
 
 Masses of the enemy's cavalry had gained the road 
 between our men retreating and the little bridge. 
 They were apparently commanded by some European, 
 who was seen waving his sword, and attempting to 
 make his men follow him and dash at ours. He 
 was a handsome-looking man, well-built, fair, about 
 twenty-five years of age, with light mustachios, and 
 wearing the undress uniform of a European cavalry 
 officer, with a blue and gold-laced cap on bis head. 
 Whether he was a Russian — one suspected to be such 
 had been seized by the authorities, confined, and then 
 released, — or, what is more likely, one of the renegade 
 
76 SIEGE OF LUCKNOW. [June. 
 
 Christians who had changed their religion and adopted 
 the native habits, manners, and costume, I cannot 
 tell. 
 
 Our Volunteer Cavalry, consisting of not more 
 than twenty-five or thirty men, were now ordered to 
 charge the enemy, who had actually occupied the 
 road. Though these mustered about four hundred 
 sabres, the Volunteers — though few of them had ever 
 seen a shot fired — obeyed their order right gallantly. 
 They charged ; but the enemy never waited for their 
 approach, flying, as they advanced, to what was then 
 our right, and coming upon their own infantry skir- 
 mishers, who were still held in check by our native 
 soldiers under the command of the gallant Major 
 Bruere and Colonel Palmer, who were retreating, 
 but halting every now and then to pour a volley into 
 them. 
 
 Our men pursued the enemy nearly a mile off 
 the field ; and, on coming up with the insurgent in- 
 fantry, sabred a few of them. The 13ths added not 
 a little to swell the number of killed and wounded on 
 the enemy's side. The 32nd men retreating had 
 also succeeded in keeping off the stream of cavalry 
 hovering on their left. The Volunteers had now 
 lost one man in killed — poor Mr. M'Auliffe, the head 
 clerk of the Deputy Commissioner's Ofiice, who had 
 but lately arrived at Lucknow to join his appoint- 
 
June.] INCIDENT OF THE REBELLION. 77 
 
 ment — antTtwo wounded. Mr. May, of the Engineers' 
 Office, had his horse shot under him, and, spraining 
 his ancle, found, like other wounded men, a seat on 
 a gun-carriage. He had been so fortunate as to save 
 the life of an officer who, during the siege, subse- 
 quently greatly distinguished himself — Ensign Birch, 
 of the 71st Native Infantry. The Volunteers having 
 succeeded in giving time for, and covering the re- 
 treat of our infantry and guns, returned to the rear, 
 to prevent the enemy follo^Wng up too closely. 
 
 On this retreat a striking incident occurred, which 
 marked the distressing results arising from the insur- 
 rection. WTiile the guns were galloping back, the 
 musket of a sepoy of the 13th, running beside one 
 of them, accidentally went off, and slightly wounded a 
 gunner. Immediately suspecting it to be done in- 
 tentionally, he drew his pistol, and shot the man 
 dead. 
 
 WTien near the Kokrail Bridge, the guns were un- 
 limbered, to give the enemy a few rounds of grape, 
 as their masses had advanced very close ; but not one 
 round of ammunition remained, — our native gunners 
 having evidently succeeded in treacherously making 
 away with the greater part. The simple unlimbering 
 of the guns, however, had the effect of causing the 
 whole rebel army to halt. The retreat then went on 
 again. 
 
78 SIEGE OF LUCKNOW. [June. 
 
 The sepoys on our side, though retreating, did so 
 in order. They behaved for the greater part in the 
 kindest manner to the wounded Europeans, taking 
 up great numbers of them, and leaving their own 
 wounded uncared for on the battle-field. They had 
 been suspected of being also tainted with the general 
 disaffection, and were therefore anxious to regain 
 the esteem and confidence of their European officers. 
 They gave indeed the most striking proofs of their 
 fidelit}?^ and loyalty on that day, showering volleys of 
 musketry, and, native-like, of abuse, on their assailants, 
 and calling them all the most injurious epithets in 
 their vocabulary. Major Bruere, who was wounded, 
 was assisted by them to a place of comparative 
 safety, and reached the Eesidency, only, however, to 
 meet his death some mor(bs after. 
 
 The 32nd, less accustomed to the heat, and suf- 
 fering, from many more disadvantages than their 
 native companions in arms, were many of them 
 assisted by the artillery and cavalry, whenever prac- 
 ticable. Young Sequera, who was afterwards shot 
 during the siege, dismounted from his horse, and, 
 giving it to one of the wounded, arrived on 
 foot ; and in fact almost every other cavalry volun- 
 teer was encumbered with two, three, and even 
 four foot soldiers, — one perhaps holding his hand, 
 another laying fast hold on the crupper, the tail 
 
June.] LIEUT. FARQUHAR SWALLOWS A BALL. 79 
 
 of the horse, or the stirrup, or on all together. 
 Thus each of that noble body individually was the 
 means of saving the life of more than one European 
 comrade, and collectively they saved the whole force 
 that escaped. No men could have behaved with 
 greater coolness than they did ; and nowhere was Bri- 
 tish gallantry more conspicuous than at that terrible 
 retreat of Chinhutt. Besides Mr. M'Auliffe, the 
 Volunteers lost Captain M*Lean, 71st Native In- 
 fantry, whose horse was killed by a round shot, and 
 who was wounded in two places before the enemy 
 cut him up. Private Sampson, of the 32nd, was 
 knocked off his saddle by a musket shot in the head. 
 Lieutenant C. W. Campbell, 71st Native Infantry, 
 was very severely wounded in the left thigh. Cap- 
 tain Simons, commanding the Artillery, had in the 
 very beginning of the fight been slightly wounded. 
 
 Lieutenant Farquhar, 7th Light Cavalry, received a 
 bullet wound through the cheek ; and two or three 
 other volunteers, whose names 1 do not recollect, 
 were slightly wounded in various places. Lieutenant 
 Farquhar, it was afterwards discovered, had without 
 being aware of it swallowed the ball, which the 
 doctors had puzzled their brains in vain in attempt- 
 ing to discover.* 
 
 • I stibjoin an extract from Lientenant Fnrquhar's own journal, 
 in which this incident is graphically described : '• As for myself, 
 
80 SIEGE OF LUCKXOW. [JuxVE. 
 
 There were no doolies (hospital litters) to be had 
 for the wounded. At the very onset of the action one 
 of the dooly bearers was killed, and the rest of the 
 bearers fled in confusion, leaving the doolies in 
 the hands of the enemy. 
 
 The cavalry every now and then faced right about, 
 and then proceeded on, their sergeant, Mr. Byron, 
 being at least twenty yards in their rear and coming 
 on at a gentle trot only. Several of them took fire- 
 locks out of the hands of the 32nd, and discharged 
 them at the enemy. Numbers continued to drop off 
 and to lie down on the broken ground traversed by 
 our men. 
 
 Sir Henry Lawrence was seen in the most ex- 
 posed parts of the field, riding from one part of it to 
 
 when I got to the European hospital, I found Dr. Boyd, of the 32nd, 
 and Dr. Fayrer (both of whom I knew very well), ready to attend on 
 me. They put me to a great deal of pain in probing the wound 
 and taking out pieces of the fractured jaw ; but they could not make 
 out what had become of the ball, and I was not wiser. The doctors 
 believed at first that it was all up with me, thinking that the bullet 
 had lodged in my head. Ten days afterwards, however,! discovered 
 that I had swallowed and digested it ; — my digestion must have been 
 good at the time ! The ball, on going through my jaw, must have 
 taken the direction of my throat, and I must then have swallowed it, 
 together with th3 blood collecting in my mouth. The ball, when it 
 struck me, must have been getting spent. Otherwise it would probably 
 have gone through both jaws, and come out on the opposite side." 
 
June.] SIR HENRY LAWRENCE IN ACTION. 81 
 
 another, amidst a terrific fire of grape, round shot, 
 and musketry, which made us lose men at every step. 
 "VNTien near the Kokrail bridge, he ^^Tung his hands in 
 the greatest agony of mind, and, forgetful of himself, 
 thought only of his poor soldiers. "My Grod! my 
 G-od ! " he was heard to say, " and I brought them to 
 this ! " So confident must he have been of success, 
 that he had ordered his carriage to meet him half-way. 
 The horses w^ere of course taken out to escape with, 
 but the carriage was left sticking in the sand. Captain 
 James, the Assistant-Commissary-Greneral, was shot 
 through the thigh by his side. 
 
 When approaching the iron bridge, men, women, 
 and children, rich and poor, crowded around the 
 weary and thirsty men, and offered water, wdiich was 
 greedily swallowed. Nothing could exceed their 
 kindness, — a proof that we yet had friends in the 
 city, and found many sympathisers among the na- 
 tives. 
 
 The enemy was close on our heels, but w^e now 
 kept them at bay for more than half an hour. Our 
 guns, with a sufficiency of ammunition, which had 
 been brought from the Residency, and a fresh com- 
 pany of European infantry, effectually succeeded in 
 keeping the enemy from crossing the iron bridge, and 
 enabled us to make good the escape of the remaining 
 
 a 
 
82 SIEGE OF LUCKNOW. [June. 
 
 fugitives. There was, however, not much time to lose, 
 as numbers of the enemy's cavalry were fording the 
 river below the bridge. Crossing near Motymahal, they 
 rode up to the Khas bazaar, and occupied the whole 
 of the south and east parts of the city. The gims of 
 Muchee Bhawn, which, in default of artillery officers, 
 were worked by Major Francis and Lieutenant Hux- 
 ham, did great execution, and kept off the enemy from 
 the stone bridge higher up, and commanded the north 
 and west side of Lucknow. The officers of the 5th 
 and 7th Oude Irregular Infantry had therefore time 
 to effect their escape into Muchee Bhawn. 
 
 From that time, eleven o'clock of Tuesday, the 
 30th of June, the siege of Lucknow, which but for 
 the unfortunate expedition of Chinhutt would per- 
 haps never have occurred, or would at least not have 
 been so protracted, may be said to have begun. We 
 had lost 118 European officers and men, in killed, and 
 182 natives, killed and missing. No hope could of 
 course be entertained of Europeans missing, though 
 it is possible that some few of our native sepoys 
 either went over to the enemy's side or escaped for 
 their lives away from our entrenchments. Fifty-four 
 Europeans, and only eleven natives, returned to the 
 Residency wounded. 
 
 I cannot refrain from here adding the very inter- 
 esting description, by Mrs. (now Lady) Inglis, of the 
 
June.] LADY TN'GLIS'S JOURNAL. 83 
 
 condition of the ladies in the Residency previous to 
 the battle of Chinhutt, and a brief notice of that 
 action : — 
 
 " Every day news arrived from the district of mutinies 
 and murders, and at the same time letters from Sir Hugh 
 Wheeler, earnestly craving help, which, alas ! it was not 
 in our power to give. The enemy had broken the bridge 
 over the river which ran between us ; and to have got 
 even a large force over without boats, which had also 
 been taken away, would have been a most perilous 
 undertaking indeed. The engineers pronounced it im- 
 practicable ; but even had it been feasible, a European 
 could hardly be spared from our garrison, when we were 
 daily expecting to hear of a large army marching against 
 us, and our force was a very small one. Still, it was 
 very sad to reflect upon the situation of our poor country- 
 men, exposed, as we knew they were, to the greatest 
 hardships and miseries, and surrounded by a band of the 
 most cruel, bloodthirsty wretches that this world has 
 ever produced. We continued in this state of suspense 
 and anxiety, sometimes receiving reports that Delhi had 
 fallen and troops arrived at Cawnpore, but never ob- 
 taining any reliable information. We ladies were pri- 
 soners, never being able to go beyond the Residency 
 gates ; but we used to spend our evenings at the top of 
 the house, and the children were allowed to play in the 
 gardens. Cholera was beginning to show itself in the 
 place, and also small-pox. Numbers of guns were found 
 buried in diiferent parts of the city and brought into the 
 a 2 
 
84 SIEGE OF LUCKNOW. [June. 
 
 Residency. Officers and men were hard at work night 
 and day, and exposed continually to the broiling sun ; — 
 there was so much to be done to put our position in a 
 defensible condition, so few hands to work, and we never 
 knew the day when we might be attacked. Many people 
 were determined that not a shot would be fired, and 
 made no preparations for a siege. John always said we 
 should be attacked, and should have a hard struggle, our 
 position being a bad one. On the 24th I was taken ill 
 with fever, and was laid up until the 28th, when some 
 suspicious marks showed themselves upon me, and the 
 doctors pronounced my disease small-pox. This was 
 not very pleasant news ; but I was said to have it very 
 mildly, though my face was covered. I immediately 
 begged to be removed, to prevent the infection spreading, 
 and John had a hut comfortably arranged for me, into 
 which I was to have moved on the 28th, but news arrived 
 that the enemy were close upon us; and as, in the event 
 of our being attacked, the house we were in was not 
 safe, it was thought better for me to wait, so as not to 
 be obliged to move twice, as the hut would, of course, 
 have to be abandoned. On the 29th the enemy were 
 reported to be within a few miles of us ; and it was 
 thought advisable to bring in the force from the canton- 
 ments. Accordingly they marched in that evening ; part 
 came to the Residency, and the remainder were ordered 
 to the fort. Colonel Case being in command there, he 
 came in the evening to pay his wife a visit. Poor man, 
 he little thought it was the last hour they would spend 
 on earth together. The next morning we were awoke 
 
JCNE.] LADY INGLIS'S JOURNAL. 85 
 
 hy a noise outside our windows, and found out a force of 
 cavalry, infantry, and artillery were on the point of 
 moving from th» Residency. We had heard of no in- 
 tended expedition, but immediately fancied they must be 
 going out to meet the enemy. I was feeling very un- 
 well, and dozed for some hours, and awoke, saying, ' Oh, 
 I have dreamed our troops have been signally defeated.' 
 My dream proved but too true. An officer was soon 
 afterwards brought in wounded; and he brought the 
 disastrous intelligence that the native troops with us had 
 proved unfaithful. At the same time the report came in 
 that our force was returning, and it was very doubtful 
 whether they would be able to save their guns. You 
 may imagine our feelings of anxiety and consternation. 
 I posted myself at the window — for remaining in bed 
 was out of the question — and watched the poor men 
 coming in ; a melancholy spectacle, indeed ; no order ; 
 one after the other ; some riding ; some wounded, sup- 
 ported by their comrades ; some on guns ; some fell down 
 and died from exhaustion, not half a mile from our 
 position. The enemy followed them to the bridge close 
 to the Residency, which was defended by a company of 
 the 32nd, under Mr. Edmonstone, a gallant young officer. 
 I could see the smoke of the musketry, and plainly dis- 
 cerned the enemy on the opposite bank of the river. 
 Soon after John returned, and my heart felt overflowing 
 with joy and thankfulness ; but, to my very great sorrow, 
 he turned to Mrs. Case, and told her her poor husband 
 was killed. The shock was a fearful one, for she had 
 just been assured by her servants of his safety. Poor 
 
 O 3 
 
86 SIEGE OF LUCKNOW. [June. 
 
 tiling ! the luxury of quiet sorrow was not granted her ; 
 the enemy were firing heavily upon our position, and we 
 were obliged in all haste to leave our rftom, and descend 
 to the lower part of the house, where we were compara- 
 tively safe ; we spent a miserable day, in a hot close 
 room almost underground ; and at dusk, when the fire 
 had a little slackened, John moved us over into a room 
 he had prepared for us in a court, surrounded by high 
 walls, and which has been our abode from that time to 
 the present, Wonderful to say, although the disease 
 was just at its height with me, I did not suffer at all 
 from the knocking about and fatigue and excitement of 
 that wretched day. It was not for some time that we 
 learnt the real account of this disastrous affair." 
 
 By the kind permissioi] of my companion in arms, 
 Mr. John Lawrence, I am enabled to conclude this 
 chapter with a graphic account of the battle of Chin- 
 liutt, written two or three days after its occur- 
 rence : — 
 
 " SOth June, Tuesday. — At four a.m. this morning 
 a force consisting of 250 of the 32nd Queen's ; the 
 JSikh Cavalry, some 100 sabres; Volunteer Horse, 
 some thirty-five ; some of the 13th Native Infantry, 
 and a batch of Carnegie's gallant Burkundauzes, 
 were ordered to Chinhutt : we had also one 8-inch 
 howitzer, drawn by elephants, and some ten field- 
 guns, native gunners, and drivers. The morning 
 
June.] MR. LAWRENCE'S ACCOUNT OF CHINHUTT. 87 
 
 was very close and suffocating when we set out. The 
 big gun was rather an inconvenience, for the ele- 
 phants literally crawled along the road. We got up 
 to the village of Ishmaelgunge, on the Chinhutt road, 
 about nine A.M. Here we drew up in battle array : 
 the 32nd lay in the hollow of the road, to the left, 
 under the village, with some of the 13th Native 
 Infantry as skirmishers : in the centre of the road 
 was the 8-inch, to the right the light field-guns, 
 Sikhs and ourselves to the extreme right of all. We 
 opened fire ; and the sound of the 9-pounder yet 
 rang in our ears when the artillery of the rebels 
 opened with beautiful precision : every shot flew slap 
 into us. Our guns hammered away manfully for an 
 hour ; and as for the Europeans working the howitzer, 
 their conduct was beyond praise. The fire was aw- 
 ful ; the enemy's cavalry now commenced pouring at 
 us in one unceasing tide towards our right in the 
 Lucknow direction, evidently outflanking us. 
 
 " After an hour's cannonade, the opposite artillery 
 ceased its fire: in a few minutes rolling volleys of 
 musketry from the village of Ishmaelgunge showed 
 that Jack Sepoy was there. The Volunteer Cavalry 
 was ordered to move further to the right, and then, 
 for the first time, I got a view of the plain between 
 Ishmaelgunge and Chinhutt. It was one moving mass 
 
 O 4 
 
88 SIEGE OF LUCKNOW. [June. 
 
 of men: regiment after regiment of the insurgents 
 poured steadily towards us, the flanks covered with a 
 foam of skirmishers, the light puffs of smoke from 
 their muskets floating from every ravine and bunch 
 of grass in our front. As to the mass of the troops, 
 they came on in quarter-distance columns, the stan- 
 dards waving in their places, and everything per- 
 formed as steadily as possible. A field day on pa- 
 rade could not have been better ; and what was to 
 hinder the enemy from doing just as they pleased ? 
 Our artillery ceased its fire, but beyond might be 
 heard the crashing roll of musketry in Ishmaelgunge, 
 where the 32nd, outnumbered by myriads, still main- 
 tained a struggle. Our side was perfectly passive; 
 Carnegie's invindbles had deserted ; and while I was 
 looking about for them, a bustle in my rear attracted 
 my attention : the rascally gunners were cutting 
 their traces, and were galloping away; the elephants 
 for the howitzer gone, the Sikh Cavalry flying at full 
 speed on the Lucknow road. A few European gim- 
 ners, the Volunteer Cavalry, and the 32nd, remained ; 
 but now the enemy pressed on more closely, — he 
 unlimbered his guns, and swept us with grape and 
 canister ; the deadly mitraille of musketry poured in 
 one leaden shower from the swarming skirmishers. 
 And now the valiant few of the 32nd are beaten near 
 
June.] MR. LAWRENCE'S ACCOUNT. 89 
 
 the village, and come upon the road ; their gallant 
 colonel (Case) falls dead as he approaches ; some of 
 our guns are spiked and abandoned (the howitzer 
 among them), four are limbered, and the gun-car- 
 riages, covered with wounded men, gallop towards 
 Lucknow. The 32nd also retreat ; mixed up with 
 them are some of the braves of the 13th Native In- 
 fantry, — noble fellows, who were seen carrying 
 wounded soldiers to the gun-carriages, abandoning 
 their own wounded comrades on the ground. The 
 Volunteer Cavalry form upon the left of the road ; the 
 rest of the handful of England's army is in retreat. A 
 cloud of insurgent cavalry is gathering on the far rear 
 to the left of our retreating column. Do they mean 
 to charge down among those staggering, half-dead 
 heroes, who can scarcely walk along ? The red and 
 blue flags thicken among them ; when the tremendous 
 voice of our leader (Captain Radcliffe of the 7th 
 Light Cavalry), is heard, — * Three's right ! ' ' Trot I ' 
 and we sweep out of the trees, and off the road, and 
 we are within a quarter of a mile of our opponents. 
 Their * gole ' still forms heavy and dark, and now two 
 light guns open on us; but the 9-pounder scarce 
 whistled over head when the stentorian * Charge ! ' 
 was heard ; the notes of our trumpet sounded sharp 
 above the din of the fight, and we rode straight at 
 
90 SIEGE OF LUCKNOW. [June. 
 
 them : the cowards never bided the shock ; they 
 galloped like furies from the spot. Five hundred 
 cavalry and two guns to be hunted by thirty-five 
 sabres ; it was a miserable fact ! The guns got under 
 the shelter of a regiment of the line, which we dared 
 not charge, for the first volley they gave us emptied 
 two saddles ; so, sabring up the scattered skirmishers, 
 we wheeled and galloped to the rear of our slowly 
 moving columns. 
 
 " The battle of Chinhutt was done ; the line of 
 our retreat was marked by the bodies of the 32nd, 
 their arms, their accoutrements ; men were falling 
 untouched by ball ; the heat of a June sun was 
 killing more than the enemy. Hard upon our heels 
 they followed ; and as we got into the Eesidency so 
 did the round shot of the pursuing foe whistle in the 
 air. The siege then virtually commenced; how to 
 end, the Lord alone can tell. In one fatal day the 
 32nd have left 3 officers and 116 men to tell the 
 tale of British heroism ; but, alas ! also of British 
 failure." 
 
91 
 
 CHAP. V. 
 
 THE RESIDENCY ENTRENCHMEMS. 
 
 Panic in Lucknow. — The Hospital. — Kindness of the "Women 
 to the Wounded. — Remarkable Appearance of the City. — 
 The Prisoners Escape. — Description of our Entrenchments. — 
 Captain Anderson's House. — The Cawnpore Battery. — The 
 School-houses. — The Brigade Mess. — The Sikh Square. — 
 Gubbins's Battery. — The Bhoosa- guard. — The Residency. — 
 The Hospital — The Bailey-guard. — Dr. Eayrer's House. — The 
 
 Post Office The Financial Outpost. — Sago's Outpost. — The 
 
 Judicial Garrison. — The Jail. — The Begum's Kothy. 
 
 The enemy now at our door, as it were, the crowded 
 streets began to be entirely deserted. People were 
 flying in all directions up the streets as far away 
 from the Eesidency as possible. Horses without 
 riders galloped up and down ; elephants and camels 
 were hurried away by their drivers ; and the boats 
 on the river shoved off far away from the English 
 encampment and the iron bridge. Soon not a living 
 man was seen. All outside our entrenchments wa^ as 
 quiet and still as if it were a city of the dead. 
 
 The Residency was one scene of confusion. Women 
 and children were flying to the Resident's house 
 
92 SIEGE OF LUCKNOW. [June. 
 
 from all the outposts, leaving their property unpro- 
 tected. Every one thought of his life only; men 
 were seen running to the trenches with arms in their 
 hands. The hospital presented one of the most 
 heart-rending sights imaginable, the more horrifying 
 as it was quite new and unexpected. All felt the 
 deepest compassion for the poor wounded, who 
 were conveyed in long lines to the banqueting 
 hall, now converted into a hospital. The women 
 flocked around them, and gave them ice-water, — for 
 vip to this day we continued to be supplied with 
 ice, — fanned them, supplied temporary bandages, and 
 showed as much solicitude for them as if they had 
 been their own relatives, which was probably the case 
 with many of them. 
 
 Afterwards, unfortunately, such scenes became 
 so common that scarcely a thought was bestowed 
 on the poor sufferers. People grew callous from 
 a continued sight of pain, in the same way as they 
 became accustomed to danger. Men covered with 
 blood, some with mangled limbs, their muscles con- 
 tracted with agony, their faces pale, their bodies al- 
 most cold, some with the death-rattle in their 
 throats, others groaning and turning about rest- 
 lessly, taken, from the gun-carriage at the bridge and 
 
JcxE.] HARDSHIPS OF THE SIEGE. 93 
 
 brought here in doolies, were lying in rows in the 
 hospital. The surgeons and apothecaries were to be 
 seen busy enough, cutting, probing the wounds, 
 amputating, and bandaging. All the horrors of war 
 were at once laid bare. 
 
 Meanwhile the batteries and works of defence, 
 which had scarcely in many places been completed, 
 began to be deserted ; the coolies all making their 
 escape. Many of our servants also decamped, and 
 left us without food, without clothes, without at- 
 tendance. The greater portion of them deserted 
 during the first week ; and for gentlemen, ladies, and 
 children accustomed to all the luxuries and comforts 
 of an Indian life to be thus suddenly thrown upon 
 their own resources, and gradually to be deprived 
 of all conveniences and attendance, was very hard 
 indeed. Many, less fortunate than others, who 
 had been able to retain at least some of their 
 servants, were afterwards obliged to sweep their own 
 rooms, to draw water themselves from the well, to 
 wash their own clothes, to cook their own food, and 
 to perform all the menial duties of a household. 
 Besides this, some of us were cramped up into a little 
 outhouse, or stable, that on former occasions few 
 would have considered good enough for a bearer. 
 
94 SIEGE OF LUCKNOW. [June. 
 
 Many were huddled into a large room in common 
 with dozens of other families. All privacy was de- 
 stroyed, and the houses within the Eesidency com- 
 pound resembled small barrack rooms rather than the 
 apartments of respectable families. 
 
 But I am anticipating. I said that Lucknow, 
 shortly after the Chinhutt affair, was suddenly 
 changed into a city as it were of the dead, and 
 that its hum and bustle were instantaneously hushed 
 into the most ominous and uncomfortable still- 
 ness imaginable. But we soon had proofs of its 
 being peopled : for the whizzing of numberless bullets 
 made every position one of danger. Many of us 
 went on the terraces of our houses or garrisons, and 
 with telescope in hand surveyed the hordes of the 
 enemy still crossing the Goomtee, at a considerable 
 distance below, and then galloping up the streets. 
 The iron bridge was almost deserted : for the Eedan, 
 one of our batteries, had opened fire upon it, a-nd 
 swept a number of the enemy off it. The prison 
 nearly opposite the Bailey-guard Grate of the Resi- 
 dency might now be seen full of life. The liberated 
 prisoners, who that very morning and the day before 
 had perhaps worked at our batteries, carrying beams 
 and baskets of mud for us, were now seen making 
 
JcNE.] THE PRISONERS ESCAPE. V5 
 
 their escape, holding on by ropes, which they let 
 do^vn the high walls and barred windows. But it 
 soon became too hot for us to remain. Ping, 
 pang, whizz, bang, went the bullets, touching the 
 very hair of our whiskers, and flying about in and 
 from all directions. By the evening, the place in which 
 I was, — one of the most exposed in the whole gar- 
 rison, the house next to the Cawnpore battery, — was 
 covered with as many bullet marks as there are stars 
 in the heavens. They were countless. 
 
 At the head of the street leading to Cawnpore we 
 saw numbers of curious natives, most of them un- 
 armed, others armed, crossing from one side to the 
 other. We were still novices in war, and killed and 
 wounded only a few of them with our rifles and mus- 
 kets, our officers at first preventing us from firing at 
 them and the liberated jailbirds, while our guns which 
 commanded the road did not open out upon them, as 
 they should and might have done. Occasionally a can- 
 non shot was fired at us, but these were rare on the 
 first day. They had not had time yet to place their 
 cannons in position, and accordingly did not give iis 
 so full a benefit of them on that day as subsequently. 
 
 Our entrenchments were in the form of an irre- 
 gular pentagon. To the corner of the south and 
 
96 SIEGE OF LUCKNOW. [June. 
 
 east side was the house of Captain Anderson, of the 
 25th Native Infantry, who commanded the garrison ; 
 a wall surrounded its compound. To the south, it 
 faced the Cawnpore road ; to the east, a road leading 
 to it in one direction, and to the Bailey-guard Grate in 
 another. Within the compound was a trench towards 
 the two tolerably deep roads with palisades within 
 them. The house itself was defended by barricades, 
 and, like every other place within the garrison, 
 loopholed in all directions. It was two-storied, 
 and had two large verandahs facing the east and 
 west. There was then no battery near it, but yet 
 it was one of the most strongly fortified places 
 against an assault by storm. 
 
 Next to Captain Anderson's house, and commu- 
 nicating by a hole in a wall, was the Cawnpore 
 battery, not, as it is now, sunk, but raised, and 
 in a level with Deprat's house, which was standing 
 to the right of it. The battery had then three 
 guns, an 8-pounder facing the Cawnpore road, and 
 a 9-pounder commanding Johannes' house, which 
 was right opposite Deprat's. A third 9-pounder was 
 intended to sweep the road leading to the right 
 towards Grolagunge, past the King's Hospital. Be- 
 fore the platform on which the large gun was placed, 
 protected without by a stockade, and mthin by sand- 
 
June.] DEPRAT's HOUSE. 97 
 
 bags, was a trench leading past Captain Anderson's 
 compound wall. 
 
 Deprat's house, where I lived, had had a verandah 
 overlooking Johannes' wall ; but this was now walled 
 up about six feet high, wdth mud about two and a 
 half feet thick, but appearing from the street, owing 
 to the platform on which it was erected, at least ten 
 or twelve feet high. A sloping roof covered the ve- 
 randah, which, besides the two feet of clear space 
 between it and the mud wall, had, in a number of 
 loopholes, other means of sight to fire from. 
 
 The mud wall was continued outside of the house, 
 leading in a straight line to the wall of the next 
 house. This continuation of a wall was about nine 
 feet high, and a very cutcha* affair it was. Cap- 
 tain Anderson, of the engineers, had not had time 
 to complete it as he desired. But the wall, as 
 it "was, protected very imperfectly a little yard 
 with a well almost in the centre. No stockade was 
 in front of it, and we all felt this to be a con- 
 siderably weak point. Deprat's house itself was 
 
 • There are no words in the English language expressing so 
 forcibly the meaning of the Hindostanee terms, ** cutcha" and 
 *' pukka." The latter has reference to masonry, or any solid brick- 
 work, the former to earthen or imperfect work. Pukka might bo 
 rendered as " made of bricks," " perfect," " well built," " strong," 
 ** clever." Cutcha is the opposite. 
 H 
 
98 SIEGE OF LUCKNOW. [June. 
 
 a lower-storied one, with three large rooms in it. 
 Below it was a tyekhana, or cellar, having the same 
 number of rooms as above, besides the one under 
 the verandah. These, at the beginning of the siege, 
 were stocked with liquors of all sorts, and goods, and 
 the furniture of Lady Outram, Mr. Jackson, mine 
 and his o^vn. 
 
 Next to us was one of the houses of the ma- 
 hajuns, Shah Beharee Loll and Eugbar Dial, but 
 now occupied as a school-house by the Martiniere. 
 The massive brick-wall of the house itself needed 
 no other protection, but it yet had a stockade of high 
 beams before it, and was loopholed of course. The 
 house was a corner house, being separated from the 
 King's Hospital, opposite its north side, by a fine road 
 leading to the Eesidency, past its own entrance and 
 those leading to the Sikcha jail and post office on 
 the right. Facing it was the gate of the Be- 
 gum's Kothee, leading past the left to a little road 
 abutting in the financial commissioner's house ; on 
 its left was the judicial commissioner's house, and on 
 its right the Eesidency Jailkhana, where formerly a 
 guard of Captain Weston's police were over the pri- 
 soners within. The former road was then blocked 
 up by a stockade consisting of huge beams, and ex- 
 tending past the school-houses to near the wall 
 of Deprat's courtyard. Down this road, and between 
 
June.] BRIGADE MESS. — SIKH SQUARE. 99 
 
 the . two walls forming it, before arriving at the post 
 office, was a barricade formed of a mud wall and a 
 trench in front of it. 
 
 Continuing our line in a southerly direction, the 
 Daroo ShufFa, or King's Hospital, came next. It was 
 a very high and convenient building, now converted 
 into the mess of the officers of the Oudh force and 
 Native Infantry regiments, and from its lofty and 
 well protected terrace, overtopping both Johannes' 
 house and the buildings on the Grolagunge roads, 
 commanded capital positions for rifle-shooting and 
 musketry. It was then known as the Brigade 3Iess, 
 and had in its rear a parallelogram, bounded by 
 tolerably convenient outhouses, occupied by officers 
 and other families, and divided by another range 
 of low pukka buildings into two large and com- 
 modious squares. 
 
 Next in order, and almost in a direct line with 
 the Brigade Mess, were low pukka buildings, then 
 known as the Sikh Square. A sort of scaffi^ld- 
 ing was made within to enable the Sikh guard and 
 native Christians that garrisoned the place to fire 
 from a more elevated position. Behind it, in another 
 square or rather parallelogram, were the artillery 
 bullocks, and further in, another square, the horses 
 of the 7th Light, and of the Sikh Cavalry, 
 u 2 
 
100 SIEGE OF LUCKNOW. [June. 
 
 A narrow lane separated the latter outpost from 
 Grubbins's battery, for it was not then barricaded at 
 its entrance. The only defence to the approach of 
 the enemy np the lane was a barricade of earth hastily 
 thrown up and strewed with a few brambles. The 
 garden, in the centre of which was the house of Mr. 
 Grubbins, the Financial Commissioner, was bounded to 
 the south by the Grolagunge road and by the walls of 
 a house known as Young Johannes. These were com- 
 manded by outhouses belonging to Mr. Grubbins's 
 yard, those to the left being guarded by our Sikhs, 
 from whose roofs a low earth wall covered with 
 sand-bags enabled them to fire. Those to the right, 
 and separated by a high wall from the former, which 
 they otherwise resembled, had in them a passage 
 leading to a half-moon battery erected by Mr. Grub- 
 bins at his own expense, but for the cost of which he 
 was afterwards remunerated. 
 
 This battery had at first only a 9-pounder, which, 
 however, could play in three different points: one com- 
 manding the road between Johannes' house to that 
 leading low down to Hill's shop in the direction of the 
 iron bridge ; another, the Grolagunge Bazaar ; and a 
 third, numerous little buildings to the west. Gubbins's 
 outpost advanced but of a straight line towards the 
 west, projecting considerably in that direction. An- 
 
June.] BHOOSA EXTRENCHMENTS. 101 
 
 other battery of one gun, also a 9-pounder, faced 
 a low garden, originally belonging to Mr. Gubbins's 
 house, and surrounded by a low wall, behind which 
 the enemy was afterwards wont to fire at us. The 
 gun was next to a range of outhouses, the roofs and in- 
 terior of which were occupied by our sentries. Another 
 very narrow lane, to the west, used to lead to a thickly 
 peopled part of the town, which had then been 
 mostly knocked down, but not sufficiently to prevent 
 the enemy's occupying the ruins, and peppering at 
 us thence, and erecting batteries against us in front. 
 Gubbins's garrison was commanded by Major Apthorp. 
 Next to Gubbins's west side were what were called 
 the Bhoosa entrenchments, commanding a musketry 
 fire through the loopholes all along the outhouses and 
 walls surrounding them. In front of them were the 
 ruins of a number of houses occupied by the enemy, 
 in several of which they subsequently erected batteries 
 of guns. Included in the Bhoosa entrenchments were 
 the bullock-sheds, the butcher-yard, the slaughter- 
 house, and a guard-house of Europeans. Behind 
 these was the Bhoosa store (cut chaff), in what was 
 formerly the Ball Alley (or racket court), fa<;ing a low 
 terrace, which also commanded the west side. Still 
 further to the rear was Ommaney''s house, protected 
 towards the Bhoosa entrenchments, in the event of 
 
 B 3 
 
102 SIEGE OF LUCKNOW. [June. 
 
 their being taken by the enemy, by a deep ditch and 
 a hedge of cactus, and fortified, should Grubbins's 
 outpost be carried by the rebels, by a couple of 
 guns, intended to sweep the road leading to it and to 
 the Sikh Square. 
 
 Between the Bhoosa entrenchments and the 
 Bherykhana, or sheep-pen, wtiich adjoins the former, 
 there was an uncompleted battery, since finished, and 
 then supplied with mortars. There was only a very 
 weak native guard there, as the ground facing it had 
 l)een in a great measure levelled, and consisted of 
 only low ruins, and was, besides, commanded by the 
 Bhoosa entrenchments and Grubbins's battery on one 
 side, and the Church garrison and Innes' outpost on 
 the other. Captain Boileau commanded these outposts. 
 
 The churchyard was contiguous to the sheep-pen. 
 In its centre was the church, a Gothic building, with 
 twenty low steeples, then converted into a store-room 
 for grain and guarded by a dozen Europeans. At 
 the gate to the east was a mortar battery, destined to 
 shell the whole of the western and northern buildings 
 as far as the iron and stone bridges. The victims of 
 the former insurrection at cantonments were the 
 first who were buried here. It had not before been 
 used as a place of interment, but it was soon destined 
 to be filled with heaps of the corpses of the gallant 
 defenders of the Lucknow garrison. 
 
June.] INNES' OIjTPOST. 103 
 
 Innes' outpost, so called from having been pre- 
 viously to the siege th^ residence of Lieutenant 
 M*Leod Innes of the engineers, was separated from the 
 churchyard by a low mud wall, and faced to the west 
 several very large houses, subsequently strongly forti- 
 fied and filled with insurgent rifle- and matchlock- 
 men. The house, a long, commodious lower-roomed 
 building, had a verandah to the east, covered by a 
 sloping pukka roof, and another to the north. 
 
 It consisted of four large and several small rooms 
 fronting the verandahs, and as many opposite them ; in 
 a centre room of which was a little staircase leading to 
 the roof, and commanding through a hole in the wall 
 a position to the west. Next there was a sort of court- 
 yard leading to a bath-room, which projected consider- 
 ably beyond the walls of the main building, in this 
 respect resembling Grubbins's battery. From the out- 
 side, the bath-room buildings looked considerably 
 steep. To the left or south of them were several large 
 houses, in front of which was a pond of stagnant water 
 surroimded by reeds and long grass. To the right 
 was a Mohammedan cemetery, on a very considerable 
 elevation of natural formation, and commanding the 
 outpost firom the enemy's side. In front of the house, 
 and in rear of the buildings already alluded to as 
 possessed by the enemy, was an extensive low garden, 
 
 B 4 
 
104 SIEGE OF LUCKNOW. UuNE. 
 
 then even covered with high long grass, plantain 
 trees, and prickly brambles. A stockade protected a 
 portion of the west side of our ground from that 
 which we tacitly allowed to be that of the enemy. 
 To the north an earthen wall separated the com- 
 pound of Innes' house from the enemy's positions, 
 which consisted of the mound already mentioned, 
 a number of mud huts, and two or three pukka 
 buildings scarcely six yards off, and overtopped by a 
 mosque opposite, but further commanded by several 
 high buildings across the river. 
 
 Still further on were a garden and the ruins of 
 what had formerly been Shirf ood Dowlah (Jag- 
 gernath's) house and the office of the Central India 
 Horse Company's posts, both which buildings had 
 very wisely been levelled by our engineers. The 
 -whole of the north side of these positions was 
 situated on the road leading along the river from 
 the Eesidency water-gate to the iron bridge, in 
 a direction from east to west. Where our mud 
 wall w^as broken through, two stockades of beams 
 stopped the gaj)s. At the end of one of these 
 stockades was a mud shed with a flight of st.airs lead- 
 ing to an upper room, known as the cock-loft, and 
 commanding a capital position of the iron bridge, 
 which was scarcely five hundred yards off. A little 
 
JcxE.] CAPTAIN FULTON'S BATTERY. 105 
 
 mosque, which I afterwards made my residence, 
 was in the centre of the compound of this outpost 
 and two or three low sheds or out-offices ; a con- 
 tinuation of our earth wall, with stockaded gaps at 
 intervals, formed the only separations from what the 
 enemy could easily have traversed. It was considered 
 a sort of neutral ground. 
 
 Fortunately, this part was completely commanded 
 hj the Kedan, the best, most strongly fortified, and 
 most complete battery of the whole garrison, erected 
 by Captain Fulton, one of our very best engineer 
 officers, who deserved the greatest praise for the 
 scientific manner in which he constructed it. The 
 whole of the river side, and the buildings on the oppo- 
 site banks, could be played on with our cannon from 
 here ; and in the event of an attack, both the north 
 and east as well as the west sides could be swept with 
 our grape from the two 18-pounders and 9-pounder 
 on it. It was in the form of more than three-quarters 
 of a circle, and was elevated considerably above the 
 street below. 
 
 Along the Redan to the north, in an irregular line, 
 extending as far as the hospital, was a wall of fascines, 
 and of earth-work, above which, and through whose 
 loopholes formed by sand-bags, our men were able to 
 fire with certain effect. A low trench ran within 
 
106 SIEGE OF LUCKNOW. [June. 
 
 the Eesidency compound so as to give greater shelter 
 to the men. From without, the wall had, however, a 
 much more formidable appearance. This line of earth- 
 work having a battery of two guns — 9-pounders — at 
 the entrance called the Water Grate, but now blocked 
 up by a stockade, was known as No. 1 Battery. Along 
 the Redan, past the Residency and the hospital, and 
 as far as the Bailey-guard, was a clear space, formerly 
 used as a garden, and bounded by a brick wall to the 
 east, and the buildings known as the Captain's bazaar 
 to the north, a fine road leading past these boundaries 
 from the Bailey-guard Grate towards the iron bridge. 
 This space, at least a thousand yards long by four 
 hundred wide, being exceedingly low, and gradually 
 becoming lower at the entrance opposite the upper 
 Water Grate, formed a glacis for the entrenchments 
 above. 
 
 The Residency itself was a very extensive and 
 beautiful brick building, with lofty rooms, fine ve- 
 randahs, and splendid porticoes. Besides having a 
 ground-floor and two upper stories, it had a tyekhana, 
 or cellar of splendid apartments, as lofty and well 
 arranged as any in the house. These were built to 
 shelter the residents at the Court of Lucknow during 
 summer from the extreme heat of the day. Skylights 
 and cellar- windows gave an excellent light to them. 
 
Jlxe.] defences of THE HOSPITAL. 107 
 
 The commodiousness of the whole house offered ac- 
 commodation to very numerous families, about eight 
 himdred to a thousand souls, officers, men, ladies, 
 and women and children, all finding place in it. 
 
 There were little turrets leading up to a fine terrace, 
 whence a most beautiful view of the whole city could 
 be obtained, the more so, as the Eesidency ground 
 was of a much higher elevation than that of the 
 houses surrounding it. A flagstaff and signal-post 
 to communicate with Muchee Bhawn were on the top. 
 
 The hospital was another extensive building, re- 
 sembling the Eesidency jpar excellence, but having 
 besides the ground-floor only one upper story, and no 
 tyekhana below. The front rooms of the ground-floor 
 were made use of for the officers, the interior for the 
 men, and the back part for a dispensary. It was 
 formerly the banqueting hall of the Eesidents, the 
 lower apartments having been made use of for an 
 office. A battery of three guns, an 18-pounder, a 13- 
 inch howitzer, and a 9-pounder, were placed between 
 the Water Gate and hospital. The right wing of the 
 hospital served as a laboratory for making fusees and 
 cartridges, and fronting it was placed a battery of 
 three mortars. 
 
 The Bailey-guard was a continuation of the hospital, 
 but built on ground to which one had to descend con- 
 
108 SIEGE OF LUCKNOW. [June. 
 
 siderably. A portion of it was used as a store-room, 
 another as the treasury, a part as an office, and the 
 remainder as the barracks of the native soldiers who 
 guarded this place, commanded by Lieutenant Aitkins. 
 Having on its left only the brick wall surrounding 
 the neutral space of the Eesidency garden, already 
 spoken of, it was by no means a strong position. To 
 the right of these buildings was the Bailey-guard, 
 par excellence, the guard -room of the sepoys formerly 
 doing duty at the Eesidency, but, being without our 
 boundaries, unapproachable by either ourselves or the 
 enemy. The gateway to the right was lofty, and a fine 
 piece of architecture. The gate was, however, to be 
 blocked up with earth, and in the event of an en- 
 trance being forced, two 9-pounders and an 8-inch 
 howitzer between them could shower grape and 
 canister into the assailants. 
 
 Dr. Fayrer's house, like the Bailey-guard, facing 
 the east, was also commanded by the clock-tower of 
 the Firadbuksh palace, and the out-offices of the 
 Tehree Koty and Nakarkhana. It was a fine and com- 
 modious lower-roomed house, raised on a considerable 
 elevation, with a terrace, whence there was excellent 
 rifle shooting. It was commanded by Captain Weston 
 and Dr. Fayrer, who is a first-rate shot, and has 
 sent many a sepoy to answer for his sins in another 
 
June.] POST-OFFICE GARRISON. 109 
 
 world. A 9-pounder loaded with grape was placed 
 in a north-eastern direction, to command the Bailey- 
 guard gateway, if possible. 
 
 Coming out of Dr. Fayrer's house, and down the 
 road to the left, was the civil dispensary, which being 
 situated between Dr. Fa}Ter's, the post office, the 
 Begum Kothee, and the jail, was one of the safest 
 places in the whole garrison. It had previously 
 been a portion of the post office. 
 
 The post office, during the siege, was one of the 
 most important positions we had, commanding as 
 well as being commanded by the Havilath jail and 
 a mosque to the right, and the clock-tower and out- 
 offices of the Tehree Kothee to the left. It was made 
 the barrack-room of a great portion of our soldiers, 
 and contained two 18's and a 9-pounder pointed in 
 different directions, and protecting in some measure 
 the Financial Office and Sago's garrisons below. 
 Besides these, there were three mortars playing into 
 the Cawnpore road, the Motymahal palaces, and 
 the buildings round about the new palace and the old 
 jail. There was also a workshop attached to it for 
 the manufacture of tools and the preparation of shells 
 and fusees. It was the head-quarters of the engineers, 
 whose office and residence it was made, and besides 
 offered accommodation to several families. 
 
1 10 SIEGE OF LUCKNOW. [June. 
 
 The wall bounding the south side communicated 
 by breaches made in it with the jail, native hospital, 
 school-houses, and the Cawnpore battery, as well as 
 with the Judicial and Anderson's garrison. 
 
 The Financial Office outpost, a large two-storied 
 house, was, like Sago's garrison, at first not intended 
 to be within the line of our defences, and was only 
 retained on account of the positions being most pro- 
 bably untenable by the enemy, since they did not 
 command any part of the Eesidency houses, which 
 overtop them, at the same time that they were useful 
 in repelling advances made from the positions of the 
 rebels on a level with it. It was barricaded on all 
 sides with furniture and boxes within, but the out- 
 offices and gateway were apparently very weak. The 
 house itself was large and extensive, and had two 
 verandahs, both well barricaded. It communicated 
 with the Eesidency through the post office, and was 
 directly below Dr. Fayrer's house. Captain Sanders, 
 of the 13th, commanded this outpost with great 
 ability and courage. 
 
 Sago's outpost, a lower-roomed and comparatively 
 rather small building, was contiguous, being only 
 separated by a wall from it. Sago's garrison had not 
 been considered of much importance at first, and 
 was occupied entirely by volunteers and a corporal's 
 
June.] DEFENCES OF THE JUDICIAL OFFICE. Ill 
 
 guard, but the assault of the 20th July proved the * 
 contrary. On that day the Brigadier put Lieut. Clery 
 in command with a larger number of men; and till 
 attacked by cholera, this officer, an Irish gentleman, 
 defended it with the most determined courage and 
 skill. Both these outposts, during the siege up to 
 the arrival of the first reinforcements, were particu- 
 larly dangerous, and their gallant garrison deserved 
 particular praise for the brave defence they made. 
 Previous to the siege it had been the residence of Mrs. 
 Sago, the mistress of a charity school. Both this and 
 the Financial Office garrison were commanded, not 
 only by those opposite the post office and Fayrer's 
 battery, but also by a large building known as Azi- 
 mooUah's Kothee, and a small brick building formerly 
 used as a gambling house by the Lucknow shodas.* 
 
 A narrow passage, which during the siege proved 
 fatal to many a poor fellow, led up to the Judicial 
 Office, an extensive upper-roomed house, commanded 
 by Captain Germon, 13th Native Infantry, situated 
 between Anderson's and the post office garrisons, and 
 also a very important position, greatly exposed to 
 the enemy's fire from the east, and from a high 
 turret of Johannes' house to the south. It had in 
 the king's time been the residence of the late well- 
 
 * Bad characters. 
 
112 SIEGE OF LUCKNOW. [June. 
 
 known Mr. Greorge Beechey. A wall of fascines and 
 earth protected it from the road-side. 
 
 The jail, a very fine airy and lofty quadrangular 
 building, divided into four equal-sized compartments, 
 with barred doors and four openings, was surrounded 
 by a fine square of comfortable out-ofiices, and situated 
 between the Cawnpore battery to the south, the post 
 office to the north, the Judicial Office to the rieht or 
 east, and the school-houses and Native Hospital to 
 the west. It was used as a barrack-room. 
 
 The native hospital, a square of low out-offices, 
 was situated between the school-houses, the brigade 
 mess, the post office and civil dispensary, and the 
 jail. It was a tolerably safe place. 
 
 The Begum's Kothee*, so called from having pre- 
 viously been the dwelling-place of the grand-daughter 
 of Buksh Ally, and whose mother had been Miss 
 Walters, was one of the most extensive buildings 
 within the whole line of our entrenchments. A 
 lofty gateway nearly fronting the road leading to 
 Johannes' house served as an entrance. A double 
 range of out-offices formed a square within a square, 
 one side of which consisted of a fine emambarah, or 
 place of Mohammedan worship. Some of these 
 buildings contained fine and lofty apartments, after- 
 
 * Lady's house. 
 
June.] THE BHOOSA ENTRENCHMENTS. 113 
 
 wards made use of by officers' families ; others were 
 lower-roomed cook houses, but having very deep 
 foundations, and appearing from the road leading 
 past the post office to Dr. Fayrer's to be considerably 
 high. A fine upper-roomed house, painted green and 
 yellow, served as the commissariat store-rooms. A 
 mosque, which at the desire of the Begum was not 
 made use of, was within this Kothee. The male 
 inhabitants of the place were required, as the Begum 
 Kothee was supposed to be pretty safe, to garrison 
 the Bhoosa entrenchments, being in the very centre 
 of our defences. 
 
 Mr. Sequera's house, and the stabling next to it, 
 then used as a canteen and liquor store-room, were, 
 together with the main guard-house behind, con- 
 sidered as forming part of the Begum Kothee, and 
 were connected with it by a breach in a wall and 
 several narrow passages. 
 
 Having given as good a description of our en- 
 trenchments as I am able, I now return to the state 
 of afifairs at Lucknow during the first week of the 
 siege. My readers will, however, already have an 
 idea that our defences were by no means strong, and 
 that our chief ones rather consisted in the number of 
 our guns and the quantity of our ammunition, than 
 the strength of our earth-works and batteries. 
 I 
 
114 SIEGE OF LUCKNOW. [June. 
 
 CHAP. VI 
 
 LUCKNOW DURING THE FIEST WEEK OF THE SIEGE. 
 
 The Siege begins. — Barricades formed. — The Enemy's Artillery com- 
 manded by European Officers. — Lady Inglis's Journal. — Abandon- 
 ment and Explosion of Fort Muchee Bhawn. — Anecdote — Death 
 of Sir Henry Lawrence. — Attack on the Bailey-guard Gate. — 
 Johannes' House. — Cawnpore Battery. — Death of Mr. Ommaney 
 and others. — Welcome Shower of Kain.— Deaths in the Garrison. 
 
 The siege had fairly begun, and in the midst of plenty 
 (for we were rich in luxuries the first days) we suf- 
 fered the inconvenience of not being able to use 
 them. Deprat's house, near the Cawnpore battery, was 
 swarming with men, — the Europeans firing wherever 
 they saw an object moving or suspected it to be 
 moving, and the Sikhs, who behaved so shamefully at 
 Chinhutt, sulkily sitting down, doing nothing, or 
 sneering at our efforts. I ofttimes felt a great inclina- 
 tion to pitch into the rascals, but to do so would 
 have been bad policy. Deprat, with his usual gene- 
 rosity, gave away saucissons aux truffes, hermetically 
 sealed provisions, cigars and wine, and brandy to 
 whoever wanted any. Many took away large supplies 
 of provisions, &c., and only signed, or did not sign 
 at all, for what they took away. The consequence 
 
June.] BARRICADES FORMED. 115 
 
 was that poor D. had soon nothing left for himself ; 
 and the thousand and one cannon-balls and musket- 
 bullets which afterwards penetrated the house, and 
 in the end converted it into a heap of ruins, smashed 
 to atoms whatever was not taken away. The splendid 
 library of Captain Hayes, consisting of priceless 
 Oriental manuscripts, and the standard literary and 
 scientific works of every nation of Europe, and diction- 
 aries of every language spoken on earth, from the 
 patois of Bretagne down to Cingalese, Malay, and 
 ancient Egyptian, were for the nonce converted 
 into barricades. Mahogany tables, valuable pieces 
 of furniture, carriages, and carts, were everjrvvhere 
 within our entrenchments taken possession of for the 
 same purpose. The records of the offices, in large 
 boxes, chests of stationery, and whatever else could 
 be laid hold of, were made use of to serve as a 
 cover from the enemy's fire, which now constantly 
 increased. 
 
 Sir Henry, throughout this trying time, was seen 
 everywhere. He visited every post, however exposed 
 its position, however hot the fire directed against it ; 
 and it must be confessed that the enemy's artillerists, 
 taught by ourselves, were excellent marksmen. With 
 incredible rapidity, with remarkable ingenuity, and 
 with indomitable perseverance, they had, in the very 
 12 
 
116 SIEGE OF LUCKNOW. [June. 
 
 first week, made batteries in positions where one 
 would have fancied their erection impossible, — 
 some having actually been moved to the tops of 
 houses, and others placed most cleverly in places 
 where our own batteries could not effectually open 
 on them, and which were well protected from mus- 
 ketry fire. 
 
 It is also probable that their artillery was com- 
 manded by European officers, wretches for whom 
 no punishment would be ignominious or severe 
 enough. One of these was seen several times 
 laying a gun and giving orders, apparently like one 
 having authority. 
 
 A young man, whose name I do not wish to men- 
 tion, on account of his family, was most probably 
 the person who had commanded the enemy's ca- 
 valry at Chinhutt. Two of his cousins were 
 fighting valiantly against the rebels in the Eesi- 
 dency; another was massacred at Futtygurh, after 
 combating for us ; a fourth was wounded in action 
 against the Agra rebels; and a fifth had accepted 
 a military appointment under Grovernment, and 
 distinguished himself, as I afterwards learnt, in 
 several engagements against the mutineers. The 
 apostate himself had long been disowned by his 
 relatives. But it is also likely that some Eussian 
 officers had entered the army of the insurgents. 
 
June.] EUROPEAN OFFICERS WITH THE ENEMY. 117 
 
 A person had been seen in the lines of the 71st 
 Regiment Native Infantry, and as orders had been 
 issued previously that all suspicious characters should 
 be arrested, the officer who had gone his rounds at 
 once seized this man skulking away, dressed like a 
 pauper European, and had him brought before him. 
 The Sepoys, of whom he inquired about him, were 
 j-ather anxious to screen the man, and this so increased 
 his suspicions that he had him at once arrested. He 
 at first had given himself out as a Siberian refugee, 
 then contradicted himself on cross-examination, and 
 at last w^anted to make it appear he was a Portu- 
 guese. One of the officers on cross-examination 
 spoke to him in that language, to which he was 
 unable to reply. He then tried to make them 
 believe he was a Jew, with equal want of success, and 
 then that he belonged to some other nation. He was 
 ordered to be imprisoned, but on the occurrence of 
 the mutiny, he was either released or effected his 
 escape. 
 
 Many of the enemy's batteries were not farther off 
 than fifty to a hundred yards, and told tremendously 
 on our buildings ; indeed I have seen, for example, the 
 enemy's cannon knock down pillar after pillar from 
 Captain Anderson's house, till at last the verandah 
 fell in. Mr. Capper, of the Civil Service, was buried 
 
 I 3 
 
118 SIEGE OF LUCKNOW. [June. 
 
 beneath the ruins, but notwithstanding the shower 
 of balls which rained upon the spot, was fortunately 
 extricated by one or two soldiers of the 34th, directed 
 and aided by Messrs. Jeoffroy and Barsotelli, — one a 
 Frenchman and the other an Italian, both travellers 
 who had been, like myself, overtaken by the times. 
 The proximity of some of these batteries, which the 
 enemy occasionally shifted to other places as soon 
 as ours could be made to play on them, pre- 
 vented our shells from having the effect w^hich other- 
 wise they would have had ; though many of these 
 missiles did great execution. 
 
 I here again avail myself of a quotation from 
 Lady Inglis's Journal. 
 
 " The first few nights and days were very miserable. 
 I was ill in bed, poor Mrs. Case in great grief, and we 
 could not help feeling our position a most perilous one. 
 You must remember that we well knew if the enemy 
 succeeded in overpowering us and storming the place, 
 death in its most horrible form awaited every member of 
 the garrison. I never shall forget the first morning after 
 the siege commenced. The enemy having stopped firing 
 at night recommenced at daylight, and made an effort to 
 storm the gate. Every man was at his post. We could 
 gain no information as to what was going on, and to 
 our inexperienced ears the cannonading and musketry 
 sounded terrific. We all thought the place would be 
 taken, and tremblingly listened to every sound, when 
 
June.] LADY INGLIS'S JOUBNAL. 119 
 
 ISIrs. Case proposed reading the Litany, and the soothing 
 effect of prayer was marvellous. We felt different 
 beings, and, though still most anxious, could feel we 
 were in the hands of our Heavenly Father, and cast our 
 fears on Him. The enemy were completely repulsed 
 that day and many others, when they made similar 
 attacks ; but we soon got accustomed to the firing, for it 
 seldom ceased day or night, and settled ourselves down 
 in our new abode — a small room, which, throughout the 
 siege, has been our dining and sleeping apartment, ex- 
 cept for a short time, when we had the use of a large 
 room in the same court." 
 
 One of the first victims to the enemy's cannon was 
 Miss Palmer, the daughter of the colonel commanding 
 the 48th, — an accomplished young lady, who was, I 
 heard, engaged to be married to a young officer. She 
 was sitting in the upper story of the Eesidency, when 
 a shell burst close to her, and a piece struck her. 
 Her leg had to be amputated, and she died a few 
 days after. 
 
 We still had a few hundred men in Muchee Bhawn ; 
 but it was evident that we could not, after the 
 disaster of Chinhutt, hold that place also. Orders 
 were accordingly sent by Sir Henry to blow up the 
 place, and to come within the Residency. Major 
 Francis, aided by Lieutenant Huxham, his fort ad- 
 jutant, managed this splendidly. They left in the 
 
 X 4 
 
120 SIEGE OF LUCKNOW. [June. 
 
 dead of night, passing through the midst of the hostile 
 piquets along the road, without a shot being fired at 
 them, without losing a man. The enemy, never sus- 
 pecting such a move on our part (for they had held 
 the most extravagant ideas respecting the impreg- 
 nability of that fort), were very weakly guarding 
 the highroads. 
 
 The rebel garrisons of the houses near the iron 
 bridge and at Ismaelgunge were so thunderstruck at 
 seeing our men, that they dared not attack them 
 when they heard the heavy tramp of our gallant sol- 
 diers and the rattling of our guns. I believe, how- 
 ever, that the shelling from the Residency aided not 
 a little in keeping the road clear. 
 
 The last cannon had reached with the last man 
 when a tremendous report shook the earth. The port- 
 fires had burnt down, and the Fort Muchee Bhawn 
 was no more ! All our ammunition, which we had 
 not had time to remove, and about 250 barrels of 
 gunpowder, and several millions of ball-cartridges, 
 were destroyed, along with all the buildings and their 
 contents. An immense black cloud enveloped even us 
 in the Eesidency, — darkness covering a bright starry 
 firmament. The shock resembled an earthquake. 
 
 Our accession of strength was very necessary. We 
 had saved all but one man, who, having been in- 
 toxicated and concealed in some corner, could not be 
 
July.] ANECDOTE. 121 
 
 found when the muster roll was called. The French 
 say, Uy a un dwupour lea ivrognes, and the truth of 
 the proverb was never better exemplified than in this 
 man's case. He had been thrown into the air, had 
 returned unhurt to mother earth, continued his 
 drunken sleep again, had awoke next morning, 
 found the fort to his surprise a mass of deserted 
 ruins, and quietly walked back to the Eesidency 
 without being molested by a soul ; and even bringing 
 with him a pair of bullocks attached to a cart of 
 ammunition. It is very probable that the debris of 
 these extensive buildings must have seriously injured 
 the adjacent houses, and many of the rebel army, 
 thus giving the fortunate man the means of escap- 
 ing.* 
 
 On the 2nd of July an event occurred which a few 
 days later cast a gloom over the whole garrison. 
 The good and brave Sir Henry Lawrence, while 
 reclining on his bed in his room in the second story of 
 the Residency, was struck by a piece of a shell which 
 had burst between himself, Mr. Couper his secretary, 
 and Captain Wilson, the deputy assistant adjutant- 
 general, who was reading a memorandum to him at 
 the time, and whom it slightly wounded. Only a short 
 
 ♦ Our men were not a little astonished when they heard him crv, 
 " Arrah, by Jasus, open your gates." And they let him in, con- 
 vulsed with laughter. 
 
122 SIEGE OF LUCKNOW. [July. 
 
 time before, another shell had fallen into the same 
 apartment, but had injured neither Sir Henry nor 
 any other occupant of the room. In spite of warn- 
 ings, he had made no arrangement to leave the place 
 for a better shelter from the enemy's fire. The rebels 
 were apparently perfectly acquainted with all the dif- 
 ferent apartments, and their occupants and uses, and 
 directed their fire accordingly, especially into the 
 Eesidency and the various powder magazines. 
 
 Only a very few were made acquainted with the 
 public misfortune which had befallen us. So serious 
 a wound in an old man like Sir Henry, I was certain 
 would end fatally. His leg had been amputated, and 
 he died on the morning of the 4th of July, almost to 
 the last fully possessed of his senses in the midst of 
 the agonies he suffered. His nephew, Mr. G-. H. 
 Lawrence, was wounded on the same day.* 
 
 Sir H. Lawrence had nominated. Major Banks 
 as his successor. It had not been generally known 
 that our brave old general was dead, for even after 
 he had been buried for some days, the report was 
 circulated that he was getting better. At last, no 
 
 * The services of this good soldier have been since gratefully ac- 
 knowledged by his sovereign and country. Lord Ellenborough, 
 in his speech to the House, announced that a baronetcy had been 
 graciously accorded to Mr. Alexander Lawrence, and a provision 
 made to support the dignity. 
 
JiLY.] DEATH OF SIR H. LAWRENCE. 123 
 
 doubt remained on the minds of any that Sir Henry- 
 was indeed no more, and the grief with which this 
 news was received was universal. He had closed a 
 long and noble career, and his death was worthy of his 
 life. He fills the soldier's grave right worthily. No 
 military honours marked our last acts to his corpse. 
 The times were too stem for idle demonstrations of 
 respect. A hurried prayer, amidst the booming of 
 the enemy's cannon and the fire of their musketry, 
 was read over his remains, and he was lowered into a 
 pit with several other, though lowlier, companions of 
 arms. We owe him a heavy debt of gratitude. 
 Peace be to his soul ! 
 
 Brigadier Inglis, in his report of the 26th Sep- 
 tember, pays a tribute to the memory of that good 
 man in the following words, which I may safely 
 aver express the thoughts of every one of the 
 garrison : — 
 
 "The late lamented Sir H. Lawrence, knowing 
 that his last hour was rapidly approaching, directed 
 me to assume command of the troops, and appointed 
 Major Banks to succeed him in the office of Chief 
 Commissioner. He lingered in great agony till the 
 morning of the 4th July, when he expired, and the 
 Government was thereby deprived, if I may venture 
 to say 80, of the services of a distinguished statesman 
 
124 SIEGE OP LUCKNOW. [July. 
 
 and a most gallant soldier. Few men have ever pos- 
 sessed to the same extent the power which he enjoyed 
 of winning the hearts of all those with whom he came 
 in contact, and thus ensuring the warmest and most 
 zealous devotion for himself and for the Government 
 which he served. The successful defence of the 
 position has been, under Providence, solely attri- 
 butable to the foresight which he evinced in the 
 timely commencement of the necessary operations, 
 and the great skill and untiring personal activity 
 which he exhibited in carrying them into effect. All 
 ranks possessed such confidence in his judgment and 
 his fertility of resource, that the news of his fall was 
 received throughout the garrison with feelings of 
 consternation, only second to the grief which was 
 inspired in the hearts of all by the loss of a public 
 benefactor, and a warm personal friend. Feeling as 
 keenly and as gratefully as I do the obligations that 
 the whole of us are under to this great and good man, 
 I trust the Grovernment in India will pardon me for 
 having attempted, however imperfectly, to portray 
 them. In him, every good and deserving soldier lost 
 a friend and a chief capable of discriminating, and 
 ever on the alert to reward merit, no matter how 
 humble the sphere in which it was exhibited." 
 
 On the 2nd, the same day on which Sir Henry was 
 wounded, the enemy, who had perhaps become aware of 
 
July.] ATTACK ON THE BAILEY-GUARD GATE. 125 
 
 the circumstance by one of their spies, attempted to 
 make a partial rush at the Bailey-guard Grate, but they 
 were so warmly received, that they soon discovered it 
 to be a miserable failure. Fortunately, all days are 
 not 30ths of June, and there were then no traitors in 
 our ranks to join them, A friend jestingly observed 
 to me, after we had heard of their defeat at the gate- 
 way, " They will find it a tough nut to crack, taking 
 the Bailey-guard" (the name by which the natives 
 know the whole of our entrenchments). Lieutenant 
 Grraham received a bayonet wound in the groin by 
 one of the assailants, who were bold enough to advance 
 to the very wall of the Bailey-guard. At the Cawn- 
 pore battery, where I then was, they only showed 
 themselves for a few minutes; quite long enough, 
 though, to enable us to pick off a few men. Lieu- 
 tenant Foster, of the 32nd, was slightly wounded 
 on the same day, at the brigade mess, where the 
 enemy's fire was very hot. 
 
 On the 3rd and 4th the cannon and musketry, if 
 possible. Increased. At the Cawnpore battery the 
 bullets, which were at first aimed high, gradually 
 came lower, and several of our poor fellows v/ere on 
 that day shot at that exposed post. Johannes' house, 
 which is right across the road, was still unoccupied, 
 as the natives evidently were afraid it was under- 
 mined, a rumour which had been circulated before 
 
126 SIEGE OF LUCKNOW. [July. 
 
 the siege. It was a pity that it had not been pre- 
 viously demolished, as it was a few days afterwards 
 taken possession of by the rebels, whose riflemen 
 could command from its vipper stories not only the 
 Cawnpore battery, but Anderson's garrison, the jail 
 barracks, the post office, and the entrance to the 
 Begum Kothee. Ramsay, the assistant in charge of 
 the telegraph, was shot at the Residency House, and 
 died instantly. 
 
 On the 5th a heavy shower of rain fell, which 
 swept away a good portion of the filth which had 
 been allowed to accumulate, and had become most 
 disgusting. The stench from dead horses and bullocks, 
 and other animals killed by the enemy's fire, was 
 worse than disagreeable, it was pestilential, and laid 
 the seeds of the many diseases from which we after- 
 wards suffered. The insurgents' great guns slackened, 
 which led us to hope that their ammunition was 
 failing them, but their musketry fire continued to be 
 almost as brisk as before. Still they could not have 
 had a great supply of ball-cartridges, for we saw 
 several fellows, notwithstanding our own fire, engaged 
 in picking up bullets. I shot one of them, and his 
 body afterwards not a little affected our olfactory 
 nerves. 
 
 We were at night several times called " to arms," 
 
July.] DEATH OF ME. OMMANEY. 127 
 
 but these alarms proved to be false ones. This was 
 fortunate, for if the enemy had made an attack he 
 would have found most of our men at the Cawnpore 
 battery in the last stage of intoxication The men had 
 found their way for some days, notwithstanding all pre- 
 cautions, into our cellar, and had of course diminished 
 the large quantities of champagne and brandy stored 
 up there. The claret and Haut Sauterne had not 
 found many admirers, and remained untouched ; but 
 Deprat's chests, with valuables and gold and silver 
 watches in them, had likewise been broken open and 
 rifled. In the position in which we then were, no 
 search could be instituted, nor could the culprits be 
 punished. The only thing which could be done, and 
 which the Brigadier did, was to get what remained 
 removed to the school-houses, and have it sold by 
 Mr. Schilling, the principal, to whatever gentleman 
 desired any. Officers, of course, had the preference, 
 and in the course of a couple of days nothing re- 
 mained. 
 
 Mr. Ommaney, the Judicial Commissioner, was 
 the next high official whom death reached. He was 
 quietly sitting in his chair, when a cannon ball 
 (passing over the body of Serjeant-Major Watson, of 
 Captain Adolphe Orr's Corps of Police, who was 
 lying down on bis bed), hit him on the head, and 
 
128 SIEGE OF LUCKNOW. [July. 
 
 scattered a portion of his brains. He died almost 
 immediately after, and tlie Serjeant-Major ex- 
 pired also, though the ball had not touched him. 
 Whether Mr. Watson's death was caused by suffo- 
 cation, or the force with which the air was sud- 
 denly disturbed, or fear, I know not ; but of the facts 
 of his death, and of the round shot only passing but 
 very closely over him, not the least doubt need be 
 entertained. 
 
 On the 7th a very heavy shower of rain did us the 
 greatest service in the world. Not only did it in 
 a measure purify the air and remove a portion of the 
 stench and filth from the place, but it kept the " ba- 
 balogue's" * great guns quiet and saved us from one of 
 the greatest dangers to which we were ever exposed. 
 Indeed, but for this timely shower we might all have 
 been hurled into the air, and by this time nothing 
 but a few dry bones might have remained of us. 
 
 Before the hospital battery, a good deal of bhoosa 
 (chopped straw for bullocks' fodder) had been al- 
 lowed to remain in the open space to which I have 
 already alluded. Notwithstanding our vigilance, one 
 of the enemy had succeeded in coming close to it 
 
 * The " children," or " dear children," the term by which old 
 ofl&cers used to address the loyal sepoys in whom they had such 
 confidence. 
 
July.] NARROW ESCAPE. 129 
 
 and setting it on fire. We had been so suddenly over- 
 taken by the Chinhutt affair that we had had no time 
 to remove it. It was only a few yards distant from 
 a large powder magazine buried under ground ; and if 
 the flames had heated the ground, it would have ig- 
 nited, and of course blown us all up. The rain saved 
 us, but the fire was not quite extinguished, and smoul- 
 dered away for a whole week. Nor were we aware 
 of the danger we had escaped till all was over. 
 
 It would have been impossible for us to put out 
 the fire ourselves. The exposure, particularly at 
 night, where the glare of the fire would have shown 
 our forms even more distinctly than in the day, and 
 afforded good cover to the enemy, was such, that 
 every man who should have approached it would, 
 without fail, have been killed by the enemy's sharp- 
 shooters. The rascal who had done this mischief 
 succeeded in effecting his escape. He was fired at by 
 Corporal Grately, but unsuccessfully. 
 
 A poor old merchant, who had a double-barrelled 
 rifle in his hand, and who also missed his aim, and was 
 not prompt enough in making it over to the soldier 
 who had asked him for it, was in consequence for more 
 than a month under the ban of public military opi- 
 nion. The soldiers looked upon the inoffensive old 
 gentleman as a spy, and accused him most unjustly 
 K 
 
130 SIEGE OF LUCKNOW. [July. 
 
 of being in correspondence with the enemy. His 
 friends therefore advised him to remain in his house. 
 He fell ill afterwards ; and when he had recovered, 
 the men had become aware of their injustice, or had 
 forgotten it. 
 
 Mr. Marshall, an old man of sixty, long a resi- 
 dent at Cawnpore, who had last year received the 
 contract for the sale of opium from Grovernment, wa& 
 shot through the face, the ball passing through the 
 right eye and coming out of the mouth. He suffered 
 great agony for some days, and then expired. 
 
 Our deaths were very numerous up to this day. 
 They averaged about fifteen to twenty daily, and were 
 mostly caused by rifle and musket balls. Many owed 
 their deaths to a rebel African, who, from Johannes' 
 house, fired almost without ever missing his aim. 
 
131 
 
 CHAP. VII. 
 
 THE SECOND WEEK OF THE SIEGE. 
 
 My Journal Successful Sortie. — Death of Major Francis. — 
 
 Another Sortie. — Daring Act of our Soldiers. — Interesting Mis- 
 siles. — Beale. — Sad Reflections. — Death of Mr. Alexander 
 Bryson. — Change of Garrison. — Expected Reinforcements, — 
 An Attack. — Our Privations and Sufferings begin. — Captain 
 
 Alexander wounded Attack on Gubbins' Battery. — Garrison 
 
 Laws of Amputation The Enemy's warlike Shouts. — Despon- 
 dency. — Our inside Annoyances. — My Luxuries diminish. 
 
 I SHALL now continue my narrative in the form of 
 a journal, taken from notes kept during the siege, 
 but my readers will pardon me if I am guilty occa- 
 sionally of an anachronism by anticipating events. 
 
 Wednesday f July 8th, — Notwithstanding the heavy 
 rain which fell yesterday, a party of ours, and among 
 them a promising young civilian, named Maycock, 
 dashed out to-day, under the command of Captain 
 Mansfield and Lieutenants Lawrence, Studdy and 
 Green, — the former of Her Majesty's 32nd, the latter 
 of the 13th, Native Infantry. The Brigadier knew 
 too well the value of European life to wish to risk it. 
 
 K 2 
 
132 SIEGE OP LUCKNOW. [July. 
 
 Fortunately no life was lost, but two 32nd's and one 
 Sikh were wounded. They spiked a gun, and paid off 
 some forty of the rebels. A little more of this, and 
 they will get disgusted. The city has been sacked. 
 This we could imagine, from the wailing of women, 
 and the cry of the men ; the wealthy inhabitants, so 
 some spies say, have bolted, and all that Jack Sepoy 
 may now expect are hard knocks, an article he by 
 no means seems to like. 
 
 Major E. B. Francis, the officer who had done such 
 good service while commanding Muchee Bhawn, died 
 to-day. He had been quietly sitting in his room, 
 in the brigade mess, when a cannon ball, breaking 
 through the wall, smashed his right leg to pieces, 
 and broke his left leg at the same time. They were 
 amputated, but he died shortly after. A number of 
 native sepoys (Sikhs) deserted last evening. 
 
 Thursday, July 9th. — Cannon and musketry still 
 have a monopoly of noise. Another batch of ours 
 from Innes' garrison, consisting of a few Irish soldiers 
 of the 32nd and three or four civilians, made another 
 sortie to-day. They crept cautiously up to the 
 enemy's battery, not far from the iron bridge, and, 
 emerging suddenly upon the rebel guard, struck 
 them with fear and surprise. They were evidently not 
 Y^ry vigilant, and though it was only between twelve 
 
I 
 
 July.] DEATH OF MR. BRYSON, 133 
 
 and two o'clock in the day, were found either asleep 
 or eating their food, the sentries only being armed. 
 They soon managed, however, to fly to their muskets, 
 but had only resolution enough to fire when the 
 terrible whitefaces were returning. One brave fel- 
 low, who has since been killed, named Cooney, took 
 advantage of their astonishment and terror, and 
 spiked their gun, while his comrade Smith bayoneted 
 a couple of fellows after firing his piece. The re- 
 maining Volunteers acted as a covering party to 
 these two brave men. After having effected their 
 purpose, which was done more quickly than I can 
 relate it, they succeeded in reaching their post, a 
 hundred and fifty yards distant, without the loss of a 
 single man. Immediately after, however, volley after 
 volley was poured into Innes' garrison from the dis- 
 comfited foe. The enemy's guns quiet to-day, or 
 nearly so. 
 
 Poor Bryson, one of my best friends here, shot 
 dead through the head. His poor wife is distracted, 
 and treasures up his last words. He had left her 
 this morning gay and jovial, as he always was, 
 and jestingly told her, when she begged of him not 
 to expose himself too much, that the bullet had not 
 yet been moulded that was to hit him. The fire 
 constantly kept up on his (Sago's) garrison, and par- 
 
 X 3 
 
134 SIEGE OF LUCKNOW. [Jclt. 
 
 ticularly on the narrow passage which leads up to the 
 Judicial garrison, was so hot, that his body could not 
 be removed for many hours, for the evening was 
 bright with a clear moonlight. M*Grennan, a friend 
 of ours, however, proposed that a party of volunteers 
 should carry his body to the hospital, expressing his 
 conviction that no bullet could hit us while engaged 
 in such a good work. And so we carried him up the 
 steep passage slowly and carefully, and bullets fell 
 all around, but never touched, us. Poor Bryson I 
 he was a noble and gallant fellow, an excellent 
 husband, a fond father, and a staunch friend. A 
 practical philosopher, he was always gay and smiling, 
 hospitable and kind to all. As sergeant of the 
 Volunteer Cavalry and every day during the siege, 
 he behaved as a gallant and true-hearted volunteer 
 soldier should. 
 
 July lOth. — Very heavy rain. A number of us 
 had been working all night in putting tarpaulin over 
 the bhoora (bullocks' fodder) in the racket-court, and 
 were to-day engaged in burying dead animals and 
 making better cover from the enemy's fire. The 
 musketry is milder, and the enemy's ammunition is 
 evidently running out. Though their great guns 
 are going again pretty fast, it is not always round 
 shot that they are sending us. They are now firing 
 
July.] INTERESTING MISSILES. 135 
 
 billets of wood, pieces of iron, copper coins, and even 
 " bullocks^ hoims.^ What interesting missiles ! We 
 hear that a number of the insurgents, disappointed at 
 not yet having been able to take the Bailey-guard, 
 have left with their loot. A great talk of speedy 
 reinforcements coming, but I do not believe a word 
 of it. 
 
 July llth, — Working at the batteries, bringing 
 sand-bags, using the spade, and carrying messages 
 from one place to another. Poor Beale (overseer) 
 wounded in the back from a rifle shot in Johannes' 
 house. He had been most active, poor fellow, in 
 constantly going to and fro in the midst of a very 
 heavy fire. He died a week after. He had only a 
 short time back lost his little daughter. 
 
 The same game. "WTien shall we be relieved? 
 They say troops are coming ; but when ? and where 
 from ? Cawnpore in the hands of the enemy ; other 
 parts of India have no doubt been also disturbed. 
 I fear there can be nothing in the many reports 
 they confidently give out as true, that we are to 
 be soon relieved. Talk of reinforcements! Where 
 from ? Maybe the Cham of Tartary and the Grand 
 Lama of Thibet, at the head of an army of " Cashmere 
 goats ! " No troops yet in Cawnpore, and they talk 
 of them here. 
 
 K 4 
 
136 SIEGE OF LUCKNOW. [July. 
 
 I leave the Ca^vnpore battery, for there is no re- 
 maining any longer in it. Our property is being 
 plundered before our eyes, and we can say nothing 
 to it, and the house itself is almost roofless, and 
 nearly in ruins. There is hardly a point in the wall 
 which is not covered with bullet marks, and round 
 shots are everywhere sticking in the walls or have 
 made breaches in them. I do not exaggerate when I 
 say that at least eighty of these would-be messengers of 
 death have struck the house already. The rooms, too, 
 were crammed full of officers, soldiers, and others ; and 
 as our servants had all left, Deprat and I were obliged 
 to make arrangements to live with some families, 
 which we accordingly did, and to join other garrisons. 
 
 July \2th. — Talk of troops coming to our aid ! It 
 is time indeed, for our privations are beginning. I 
 am, like every one else, in constant danger of being 
 shot, and have to work like a slave. I had to stand 
 in the rain all night doing sentinel's duties, and 
 caught a cold in consequence. This too after having 
 just come off heavy fatigue duties, burying putrid 
 horses, and carrying commissariat stores ! Lieutenant 
 Charlton, of the 32nd, was severely wounded in the 
 head to-day. This officer had particularly distin- 
 guished himself on several occasions. 
 
 July I3th» — Rain and shot, the former as usual. 
 
July.; DEATHS IN THE GARRISON. 137 
 
 the latter slightly more brisk. It is evident that the 
 enemy have got a further supply of ammunition. 
 We had to stand to arms to-night, but it proved a 
 false alarm. 
 
 July YAih, — A grand attack to-day all round, that 
 is, the enemy is shouting ad infinitum, and sounding 
 the advance at the bugler's discretion. Great guns 
 and musketry are loaded and fired as fast as they 
 can be, but that is all. Every hostile battery, every 
 house, vomits forth fire in some shape or other, but 
 not a man appears. Jack Sepoy evidently will not 
 come to the scratch. He is no doubt of Falstaffs 
 way of thinking, that discretion is the better part 
 of valour. 
 
 A poor clerk of the name of Wiltshire, who had 
 effected his escape from the Duriabad mutineers, and 
 had succeeded in reaching Lucknow in safety, but 
 with the loss of all his property, and his clothes in 
 rags, died of cholera to-day. Conductor Baxter, who 
 was shot on the 11th, also died. Lieutenant Lester 
 was killed. A number of other poor fellows went to 
 their long homes. 
 
 July 1 5th. — The enemy plays the same game as 
 yesterday. Unfortunately the shots tell ; but they 
 have of late been less numerous : still our European 
 deaths now average about ten a-day. The natives 
 
138 SIEGE OP LUCKNOW. [July. 
 
 we of course don't count. We feel their loss is 
 nothing very great ; but it pains us all to hear of a 
 poor European being knocked over. We not only 
 deplore his loss as a man, but we are selfish enough 
 to regret that we have one less in our garrison, and 
 anticipate the future with no enviable feelings. If 
 we are not relieved in a month, we must become the 
 prey of those ungrateful scoundrels around us. 
 
 My cold is worse. Grrubbing about in wet holes 
 making receptacles for dead bullocks and dead horses, 
 does not conduce to its improvement. Pretty em- 
 ployment this for the educated youth of the nineteenth 
 century ! But necessity has no law ; and we all, great 
 or small, work hard at the spade as well as the 
 musket, which, however, is now in no great requisition. 
 We allow the enemy to fire away to his heart's con- 
 tent, and do not reply, except with our big guns and 
 our mortars. It is useless to waste ammunition on 
 pukka, brick walls, and well covered batteries. The 
 enemy have hit upon a very clever trick to preserve 
 themselves from our fire, making deep trenches before 
 their guns, so that we can only see their hands 
 while in the act of loading. They can command a 
 hundred times more labour than we can ; and one of 
 our lives is more valuable, too, in the same pro- 
 portion. 
 
July.] ATTACK ON GUBBIKS' BATTERY. 139 
 
 I am off to see my friend Sinclair, the merchant, 
 who is lying wounded in hospital. A musket ball 
 penetrated his thigh, while he was firing in Innes' 
 outposts. 
 
 Captain Clare Alexander, an excellent man, and a 
 first-rate artillery officer, was injured to-day while 
 examining a mortar. The whole of his face was 
 burnt with powder, and he looks a dreadful figure, 
 black as ebony, and covered with blisters, which 
 afterwards suppurated. Poor Bryce, also of the Ar- 
 tillery, who had succeeded in bringing in one of our 
 gims from Chinhutt, was also woimded to-day in the 
 thigh. Fortunately, it is only a slight wound. 
 
 July I6th. — The usual amount of firing. Very 
 hot indeed. I mean the weather, not the fire ; this 
 has slackened. At night, however, an attack of the 
 enemy on Gubbins' battery. The Sikhs and the Eu- 
 ropeans, and among them my friend D., beat back the 
 enemy, who had succeeded in coming close to the wall. 
 Poor Lester, of the 32nd Native Infantry, had been 
 shot there. He expired of his wounds next day. 
 Lieutenant O'Brien, of the 84th, was also wounded 
 in the arm, though not dangerously. 
 
 July 17 th. — Musketry and great guns much as 
 usual. Brown, of Sago's garrison, shot through the 
 leg to-day. The following note from my journal 
 
140 SIEGE OF LUCKNOW. [July. 
 
 proves correct : — " Brown shot — leg amputated : 
 now he will die ; he shall die ; for it is a law in 
 medical science, as practised by the garrison sur- 
 geons, that death follows amputation as sure as night 
 follows day." 
 
 And so it is. Indeed, the law of garrison ampu- 
 tation and the famed law of the Medes and Persians 
 have both the same characteristics. They never fail. 
 Whether it be the want of proper care, or the heat of 
 the weather, or the want of vegetable food, or the 
 absence of proper restoratives, or from any other 
 cause, or all these reasons together, it certainly is an 
 undoubted fact, that every amputation has been 
 succeeded by death. Every day eight or ten poor 
 fellows are still carried to the grave-yard, which is 
 rapidly being filled up. 
 
 July 18th. — The enemy's bugles sound, and they 
 shout, " Leea I leea ! jalloo bahadour I " — " It is 
 taken (viz. the entrenchment)! it is taken! advance 
 my braves ! " as usual. However, they have not yet 
 taken our little stronghold ; " bahadour " will not 
 " jallao " (advance). 
 
 Still, however, it is always "bang bang, bhom 
 bhom, rattle rattle," unceasingly. The rascals have 
 evidently received reinforcements, and another supply 
 of ammunition. When will this end ? for how much 
 
Jolt.] OUR INSIDE ANNOYANCES. 141 
 
 longer can we hold out ? I do not fear their taking 
 our place, at least before another month ; but daily 
 our force lessens, and when we have become only a 
 handful of effective men, we must, in the end, fall an 
 easy prey to even this cowardly, though savage, enemy. 
 As for treating with the assassins of Cawnpore, the 
 very thought must be banished. Our only consola- 
 tion is, that we shall die fighting. The death of a 
 brave man, and the death of a coward, is after all 
 only death. We can expect no mercy. Our only 
 hope lies in reinforcements from Delhi, for Calcutta 
 is too distant, unless Sir H. Lawrence's requisition 
 for more troops has been promptly responded to. 
 Indeed, our hope is not great. God alone can save us. 
 
 July I9th. — The inside annoyances are dreadful. 
 The stench from human ordure, from decaying horses, 
 dogs, and men, assails the olfactory nerves most aw- 
 fully, and little is done to mend matters. Before the 
 siege commenced, there was a sanitary commissioner 
 appointed, and his uncompromising zeal and activity 
 effected a great deal of good. Now, however, he, too, 
 no longer can command the same labour as before. 
 We Europeans were so incessantly harassed, and our 
 sweepers deserted daily. 
 
 Our luxuries are fast diminishing. I am afraid my 
 friend D. and myself have been a little too liberal 
 
142 SIEGE OF LUCKNOW. [July. 
 
 with our good things, and instead of, as usual, taking 
 brandy and water ad libitum and smoking cheroots 
 ad infinitum, we are obliged to content ourselves 
 with one glass of brandy and water a day, and a 
 glass of wine in the evening ; and as for cigars, I can 
 only afford one or two a day, and not even that ; for 
 many a poor devil, who has perhaps not had a smoke 
 for days, looks so longingly that I, for one, can 
 scarcely resist the satisfaction of occasionally giving 
 away half, or even a whole cigar. Even the stump 
 of a cheroot is looked upon as a luxury by many a 
 poor uncovenanted volunteer now. I am quite proud 
 of my riches, for I have at least a couple of hundred 
 cigars left. Of pickled salmon and truffled sausages 
 none remain now. Deprat has given away to his 
 friends what little he had saved from being plun- 
 dered. Our fare is not particularly good : — beef and 
 chupattees, with a few extras. Still I fare better 
 than many, I at least have enough. 
 
 Lieutenant Harmer, 32nd Eegiment, was struck 
 by a round shot, while sitting at table with his 
 brother officers, none of whom it however injured. 
 
l43 
 
 CHAP. VIII. 
 
 THE GRAND ATTACK OF THE TWENTIETH OF JtTLY. 
 
 " To arms ! " — Renegade Traitors. — Fierce Assault of the Rebels. 
 
 — The Sick turn out. — Explosion of the Enemy's Mines and 
 Attack on the Redan. — Lieutenant Loughnan's Gallant Defence 
 of Innes' Outpost. — Scaling Ladders. — Hardingham's Escape. 
 
 — Erith Shot. — Conversation between Bailey and the Insurgents. 
 
 — Anecdote. — The Enemy are beaten. — Attacks on Sago's, 
 Financial, Judicial, and Anderson's Garrisons. — Defeat of the 
 Insurgents at the Brigade Mess and Gubbins' Battery. — Lieu- 
 tenant M'Farlane. — Loss of the Enemy. — After the Battle. 
 
 I WAS cleaning my musket, and whistling a merry- 
 air, when the cry of " To arms," and the doubling of 
 men past my little room, made me come to a dead 
 halt. In runs a friend, and tells me that the rebels 
 had been seen, assembling in large bodies towards 
 the church side and across the river, and that I had 
 better be off to my post. My preparations were 
 quickly made, but I had scarcely time to put on my 
 belt, when a loud report shook the earth. I at first 
 imagined that one of our powder-magazines had been 
 blown up, but I soon after learnt that a mine had 
 been sprung by the enemy, near the Redan. 
 
144 SIEGE OF LUCKNOW, [July. 
 
 I hurried on to Dr. Fa3n:er's battery ; but though 
 that garrison was not a minute's walk from my place, 
 I had scarcely reached half-way when the most hell- 
 ish fire ever heard began in right good earnest. The 
 enemy indeed seemed to have come this time to the 
 resolution of taking the Bailey-guard by storm, and 
 displayed in the attempt more courage than we had 
 given them credit for. 
 
 They assaulted us from every point, and volley 
 after volley of musketry was poured into us, shell 
 after shell burst within our entrenchments, and 
 their cannon roared unceasingly. The enemy's artil- 
 lery was still evidently commanded by a practised 
 officer, most probably a European, for we could 
 plainly discern several in their ranks. How it is 
 possible for white men to join black murderers, who 
 make war like wild beasts, not like men, I cannot 
 conceive. This is not a war of the oppressed against 
 the oppressor, of a nation rising against their rulers, 
 of Hindostanees against Englishmen. No, it is a 
 war of fanatic religionists against Christians, of black 
 against white, of natives against Europeans, of bar- 
 barism against civilisation. Had it been different, 
 had patriotism prompted the rebellion, had the na- 
 tives, as one nation, determined to shake off the 
 yoke of the foreigner, and had they conducted their 
 
July.] RENEGADE TRAITORS. 145 
 
 war against us like soldiers and brave men, instead 
 of acting the part of cowards and assassins, then 
 indeed might they have enlisted sympathy with 
 their cause, not only among the nations of con- 
 tinental Europe, but even among the people of 
 England themselves. Men of other European coun- 
 tries might then have fought against us without 
 dishonour and without reproach. 
 
 But to return from this digression. Our own guns 
 were not long in replying. As the enemy approached, 
 they were mowed down by our grape by scores ; and 
 as their leaders advanced, shouting and encouraging 
 their men, they were picked oflf by our rifles and 
 muskets. Captain Weston and Dr. Fayrer on this 
 occa.sion did right good service. This tremendous 
 fire of musketry and cannon, both from out and in, 
 rendered our position one mass of sulphurous smoke, 
 so that we could scarcely see. I must confess that 
 for some minutes I felt the fear of death predomi- 
 nant within me. I was certain, and I think most of 
 our little handful of men too, that this was our last 
 day upon earth. I accordingly said a short prayer, 
 committed myself to God's care, mentally bade adieu 
 to those I loved best in this world, fired my musket, 
 and with the firm resolution to die like a " soldier," 
 prepared to meet the combat. 
 
 'My selfish fear soon wore off. As the fire became 
 L 
 
146 SIEGE OF LUCKNOW. [July. 
 
 more and more infernal, and as we saw their men 
 boldly advancing, my fear gave place to a nervous 
 excitement, and at last the desire to kill and to be 
 revenged predominated over every other feeling. I 
 did not stay long at Dr. Fayrer's battery, for my 
 anxiety to know more of the injury the mine had 
 done us made me desirous of proceeding towards the 
 Eedan. I accordingly left, showers of balls falling 
 around me, none fortunately, however, touching me. 
 I arrived at the Water Gate battery, where I saw 
 the men still advancing, but evidently not so boldly 
 as before. I picked off a few of them, and then a 
 strange feeling of joy came over me. I no longer 
 thought of myself, but only of the number I could 
 kill. The fire now slackened, and I could talk to 
 my companions in arms. 
 
 All of us were determined to sell our lives as dearly 
 as possible. Even of the wounded and the sick many 
 had left their couches, seized any musket they could 
 lay hold of, and fired as often as their strength 
 enabled them to do so. It was indeed heart-rending 
 to see these poor fellows staggering along to the 
 scenes of action, pale, trembling with weakness, and 
 several of them bleeding from their wounds, which 
 reopened by the exertions they made. One imfor- 
 tunate wretch, with only one arm, was seen hanging 
 to the parapet of the hospital entrenchments with his 
 
July.] THE SICK TURN OUT. 147 
 
 musket, but the momentary strength which the fear 
 of being butchered in his bed and the desire of re- 
 venge had given him, was too much for him. He 
 died in the course of the day. Every garrison was 
 a separate field of battle, and I shall now attempt 
 to notice the principal points of attack. 
 
 The Kedan had not been injured by the explosion. 
 Fortunately they had miscalculated the distance, and 
 therefore their mine did no damage to us. They were 
 ignorant, however, of this, and fancied they had made 
 a breach, for, owing to the smoke caused by the mine 
 and the fire of our guns and theirs, they could not see 
 before them. They doubled up the glacis with 
 bayonets fixed, covered by the musketry of a regiment 
 or two stationed on the house opposite, and known as 
 "Captain Fatty Ally's." The obstacles in the way, 
 however, checked their advance, and whilst in this 
 plight hundreds were shot down. Still they were 
 unwilling to retreat ; one of their leaders waving his 
 sword, on the point of which he had placed his cap, 
 shouted " Come on, my braves." Again they advanced, 
 but again terrible gaps were made in their ranks by 
 our grape, and one of our musket balls killed their 
 leader. They now retreated in confusion, but not 
 without others of their brethren being shot down in 
 incredible numbers. Heaps of slain and woimded 
 proved our victory on that side to be complete. The 
 
 l2 
 
148 SIEGE OF LUCKNOW. [July. 
 
 attack had lasted about an hour, but the fire of the 
 enemy still continued, and still all the engines of war 
 were at play with undiminished force. 
 
 My attention was now attracted to the Brigadier 
 and his staff, who were at the Eedan not far from me, 
 at the Water Grate battery. They were clapping their 
 hands, and every now and then shouting "Bravo! 
 bravo!" while their eyes were turned towards the 
 church side, to Innes's outpost The enemy had made 
 a most fierce assault there. The defences at that 
 side were very weak; but the enemy approached 
 cautiously, fearing that the place was undermined 
 where there were no palisades. They therefore at- 
 tacked only those points which were comparatively 
 the strongest. The commandant. Lieutenant Lough- 
 nan of the 13th Native Infantry, had received orders 
 that should he, as was feared, not be able to hold 
 his post, to retire within the Eesidency ; but not be- 
 fore he had done all in his power to repel the as- 
 sailants. The force under his command consisted 
 of only twenty-four European soldiers, twelve uncove- 
 nanted gentlemen, and about twenty-five sepoys. 
 
 At one time during the attack, our men, see- 
 ing the rebels come on swarming as thick as bees, 
 and nothing but one sea of heads and glittering 
 weapons before them, thought of retreat; but Mr. 
 Loughnan and the civilians would not hear of it. 
 
July.] LOUGHNAN'S GALLANT DEFENCE. 149 
 
 " (jive a shout, my boys ! " cried Loughnan, " a loud 
 one and a strong one.'* And shout they did, with right 
 good ¥riiL " Hurrah ! hurrah ! hurrah ! " resounded 
 from all the different quarters where attacks were 
 expected. The enemy were evidently checked in their 
 advance by the cheering of our friends. They at once 
 came to a dead halt, and not only imagined us stronger 
 in number than we really were, but fancied (as we 
 afterwards learnt) that we had received a reinforce- 
 ment from the Residency. Their indecision did not 
 last long ; for again they advanced, and now came 
 immediately beneath our walls, where our musketry 
 could not touch them. 
 
 As other bodies, however, approached, they were 
 shot down, one by one, by a party of volunteer gentle- 
 men, who had taken a position in the house itself, 
 upon a staircase leading to the terrace, where they 
 could, under considerable shelter to themselves, do 
 a good deal of mischief to the enemy advancing upon 
 the front of the house. The rebels had made a very 
 foolish move here. Instead of bringing scaling- 
 ladders along with them, they moved ahead without 
 them, and only on reaching the walls perceived their 
 mistake. Then only they shouted, " seeree leyou^ 
 " bring the ladders." The ladders were accordingly 
 brought, but the men who carried them could 
 
 L 3 
 
150 SIEGE OF LUCKNOW. [July. 
 
 scarcely make a few paces, when our volunteers and 
 soldiers shot them down. This happened several 
 times, and each shot told and removed three of the 
 number at the same time. For no sooner did one 
 fall than two of his companions, only too glad of 
 an excuse to escape from our well-aimed and mur- 
 derous fire, carried the body off, and did not- 
 return. 
 
 A number of our muskets had been ready for the 
 combat, and they were discharged so rapidly by one 
 man, while another loaded, that the enemy fancied 
 our force there to be pretty considerable. The large 
 body of the enemy, meanwhile, who had stationed 
 themselves beneath the east walls, and who were in 
 vain waiting for the ladders, attempted to scale 
 them. Several succeeded in reaching the top, but 
 they were thrust down with the bayonet. Loughnan 
 saw the danger, and was anxiously thinking of some 
 other mode of defence. Hand-grenades he had none, 
 and there was no means of firing, for no sooner was 
 one bold enough to put his head over the wall, than 
 a dozen bullets were at once fired at him. 
 
 Messrs. Erith and Alone, two of the volunteers, 
 accordingly suggested bricks and mortar, and suc- 
 ceeded so well in dislodging the enemy with these 
 and other missiles of a very impure nature, that 
 our friends soon had that part of the outpost clear. 
 
July.] ERITH SHOT. 151 
 
 They were thus obliged to come again within range of 
 our muskets. 
 
 While my friend Mr. Hardingham, another of the 
 volimteers, was actively engaged in firing, a bullet from 
 behind whistled so close to his ear, that he turned 
 round and saw the terror-struck countenance of one 
 of our own sepoys. Hardingham made an advance 
 towards him, and was about to bayonet the fellow, 
 when his officer's command arrested him. "Never 
 mind, Hardingham," said he, "don't bayonet him 
 yet, there's lots of time afterwards/' The look of 
 sorrow and deprecation the sepoy cast on him proved 
 sufficiently that it was not by treachery, but by acci- 
 dent, that the piece had so nearly killed my friend. 
 
 While this was going on in one part of the com- 
 pound of Innes's house, another portion of it, called 
 the cock-loft, was in the most imminent danger of 
 being taken. Mr. Erith, the Corporal of the Volun- 
 teers, saw the peril, and intending to reinforce our 
 party there, advanced amidst a volley of musketry 
 that opened upon that part from the elevation op- 
 posite, known as the " Mound." But a bullet struck 
 him in the neck, and he fell like a log of wood. His 
 friends were obliged to leave him there, nor could 
 they remove him till some hours after, when the 
 fire slackened a little. 
 
 Meanwhile another part of the outpost was stoutly 
 
 L 4 
 
152 SIEGE OF L^CKNO^Y. [July. 
 
 held by a little fellow of the name of Bailey, a volun- 
 teer, the son of a native Christian captain formerly of 
 the king's service, and a couple of sepoys. The young 
 man spoke Hiiidostanee so well, that the mutineers, 
 whom he, native like, abused from behind the palisade 
 that sheltered him, fancied him a Mohammedan or 
 Hindoo sepoy, and offered to spare his life, if he 
 would throw down his arms and assist them. A very 
 interesting and animated conversation took place. 
 " Come," cried one of the rebels, who had found shelter 
 in one of a large number of huts, not five yards away 
 from the palisade which Bailey defended, " come over 
 to us, and leave those cursed Feringhees, whose mothers 
 and sisters we have defiled, and whom we shall kill this 
 day. Come over to us ; what have you to do with 
 them ? Will you be made a Christian too ? (pop, pop) 
 or have you already lost your caste ? " " Take that," 
 firing his piece, cried Bailey ; " do you think that I 
 have eaten pig's flesh like yourselves? Do you think 
 that I too shall disgrace myself, by proving unfaithful 
 to my salt ? Take that, thou son of a dog ! (pop.) 
 Thou whose grandfather's grave I have dishonoured ! " 
 (pop) " Wait, you offspring of a dishonoured mother," 
 cried another, " we are coming. I shall just be with 
 you, and jump over your wall. My sword is sharp." 
 "Is it? " cried Bailey, "but thy heart is craven. Come 
 along then, boaster. My bayonet is ready, scale the 
 
July.] BAILEY AND THE INSURGENTS. 153 
 
 wall. We are all prepared, and as for you, I shall 
 catch you on the point of my bayonet. But first, 
 here's for you.'* 
 
 Off went a dozen of our muskets that had 
 meanwhile been loaded by our two sepoys, who 
 now also joined in abusing the enemy. Showers of 
 abuse, which it is impossible to render as forcible in 
 English as it is in Hindostanee, and an unceasing fire 
 of musketry, were interchanged between the two par- 
 ties for some time longer, Bailey firing off his spare 
 muskets with great rapidity, when at last his ammuni- 
 tion failed him. He could not venture to leave his 
 post, for to do so would have been to make our own 
 sepoys desert it also ; and he dared not send one of 
 them, lest he might not return, nor did he even 
 venture to call out too loudly, lest the enemy, aware 
 of his deficiency, should leave their shelter and carry 
 this point by storm. 
 
 Fortunately the guns from the Eedan com- 
 manded this position, and the shells thrown by 
 Lieutenant Macfarlane, of the artillery, and Lieut. 
 Bonham, did no little mischief among them. This 
 prevented their advance, and Bailey at last succeeded 
 in making his wants known. Accordingly, one of the 
 volunteers, Hardingham, amidst a heavy fire, brought 
 him the required ammunition, and the combat con- 
 tinued till Bailey's party was reinforced, but not 
 
154 SIEGE OF LUCKNOW. [July. 
 
 before one of the sepoys was knocked over. He him- 
 self was very dangerously wounded. A musket ball 
 had smashed his chin, and effected an exit through his 
 neck, — a most singular wound ; the more so as, con- 
 trary to expectation, he recovered from it. 
 
 The fire still continued all round the outposts; 
 two other soldiers and two more sepoys were severely 
 wounded, and all the remainder had the most narrow 
 escapes, Grately, a corporal of the 32nd, had his 
 stripes torn off by a musket-ball. At last the enemy, 
 beaten at all points, slowly retreated, our muskets 
 and the tremendous fire from the Eedan having 
 killed a very large number. Not less than a hun- 
 dred were borne off the ground by their comrades 
 from this outpost alone. 
 
 At the Financial and Sago's garrisons the enemy 
 made a scarcely less fierce assault. One of their 
 fanatical preachers, bearing the green standard of 
 Islamism in his hands, and shouting, " Deen deen " 
 (for our religion, our religion), " maro faringeeun 
 ko " (kill the Europeans), led a very numerous party 
 of sepoys and matchlockmen through a gateway which 
 they burst open, while a ceaseless fire was kept up 
 by a regiment of insurgents outside. Both garri- 
 sons were almost entirely defended by non-military 
 men ; and Mr. Bryson of Sago's, and, under the orders 
 of Captain Saunders, Mr. Kight of the Financial, the 
 
July.] FINANCIAL AND SAGO'S GARRISONS. 155 
 
 Serjeants of their respective garrisons, kept the enemy 
 in check for some time, till Lieutenant Clery, who 
 commanded Sago's, came at 10 A.M., and with a 
 small detachment of the 32nd reinforced his own 
 threatened outpost, and saved Captain Saunders' 
 garrison (the Financial). Having shot down the 
 assailants who appeared in front of the garrison, the 
 enemy withdrew under the walls, and kept up for 
 more than an hour a shower of bricks and stones, till 
 they were finally dislodged by hand-grenades that 
 had been ordered by Clery. 
 
 The officers commanding there, Post-Captain Ger- 
 mon and Captain Anderson of the 25th, and the gar- 
 risons under them, behaved with great spirit, and 
 contributed to the dispersion of the rebels, not only 
 from their own, but also from the two most exposed 
 outposts of Sago's and the Financial. All behaved 
 well and gallantly ; but among those who most distin- 
 guished themselves were Messrs. Bryson, Lawrence, 
 Sequera, Kight, Anthony, Wharton, Chick, Capper, 
 Barsotelli, and Jeoffroy. 
 
 After some hours' hard fighting, the enemy re- 
 treated with their commanders all dead, and perhaps 
 fifty or sixty of their comrades slain. Several of 
 their bodies they were obliged to leave behind them, 
 and about three or four corpses were lying for 
 several days unburied in the compound; but they 
 
156 SIEGE OF LUCKNOW. [July. 
 
 succeeded in carrying off the holy standard of the 
 Mohammedan faith, and the remainder of their dead. 
 At the Brigade Mess and Grubbins's garrison, the 
 enemy made, equally unsuccessful attempts to storm, 
 and at the Cawnpore battery they succeeded in 
 coming under our very guns, but hand grenades 
 thrown among them caused great slaughter, and 
 made them retreat, after about half an hour's oppo- 
 sition. It would be taxing my readers' patience too 
 far were I to enter into minute details of every 
 separate assault. I shall, therefore, merely mention 
 that during the whole of this furious fusilade and 
 cannonade, we lost only from fifteen to seventeen Eu- 
 ropeans in killed and wounded, and about ten natives. 
 Among the wounded was Lieut. M'Farlane, a por- 
 tion of whose skull was torn away by a musket ball, 
 but who eventually recovered from this very dan- 
 gerous wound. He had during the whole of that day 
 done excellent service by his artillery practice. Of 
 the 32nd, Lieut. J. Edmonstone was slightly, and 
 Captain E. W. D. Lowe, severely wounded. Of the 
 48th N. L, Adjutant 0. L. Smith, and Captain Forbes, 
 of the Oude Irregular Force, received each slight 
 wounds. Of the civilians, besides those already 
 named, Mr. Blaney, at Sago's outpost, was wounded 
 in the back, and Mr. Morgan, attached to the artil- 
 lery, in the hand. 
 
July.] LOSS OF THE ENEMY. . 157 
 
 The enemy on the other hand had lost not fewer 
 them 1000 men, perhaps even more. The fight had 
 commenced at 9 o'clock in the morning, and the 
 fire did not cease before 4 o'clock in the evening. 
 After it had quite terminated, the rebels sent a flag of 
 truce, and begged permission to remove the slain and 
 wounded whom they had not been able to carry away. 
 This permission was readily granted, for their stench 
 might have created a pestilence. We afterwards saw 
 whole cart-loads carried away. They are a cruel 
 set, and threw their wounded promiscuously among 
 their dead, so that many must have died of suffo- 
 cation. 
 
 I had not eaten anything the whole day, and when 
 the combat was over and I found myself alive and 
 with a whole skin, I mentally thanked Heaven, and 
 then enjoyed my chupattees and a glass of brandy 
 and water, which Deprat gave me, with a relish 
 which is inexpressible in words. I was filthy and 
 black with dust and gunpowder; and a wash, a 
 little repose, my poor dinner, and a cigar after it, put 
 me into the most enviable frame of mind. I had not 
 been so happy for a long time ; — not even before I 
 had been imprisoned by these cursed insurgents. 
 
158 
 
 CHAP. IX. 
 
 OUR TROUBLES INCREASE. 
 
 Constant cannonading. — Death of Major Banks. — Mr. Polehamp- 
 ton, the Chaplain, dies. — Hospital Scenes. — Devotion and 
 Courage of the Female Portion of our Garrison. — Death and 
 Disease. — Erith's Death. — Pigeon killed. — Friends in Hospital. 
 
 — Mr. Thompson's Kindness to the Sick. — Dr. Scott. — Hospital 
 Surgeons. — The Plague of "Flies." — The Martiniere Pupils. 
 
 — Eain. — News of coming Reinforcements. — The Enemy's 
 Interruption to our Songs A sham Attack. — " Hope de- 
 ferred maketh the heart sick." — The Enemy's Mines. — Captain 
 Fulton's Master-mind. — Our Casualties. — Dr. Brydon of Jel- 
 lalahad and Lucknow. 
 
 Thouqh beaten at all points, the enemy, every day 
 after the memorable 20th of July, unceasingly an- 
 noyed us, keeping up a furious cannonade from not 
 only their old positions, but from new batteries which 
 they had erected. Their artillerists also seemed to 
 have improved, and their shots were excellent. For 
 some days after their grand attack, our casualties 
 were very heavy. On the very next day we lost no 
 fewer than twelve Europeans, among whom were our 
 
July.] DEATH OF ME. POLEHAMPTON. 159 
 
 chief commissioner, Major Banks, our chaplain, Mr. 
 Polehampton, and a civilian, Mr. Pigeon. 
 
 Major Banks was at Grubbins's battery, examining 
 one of the houses occupied by the enemy. A bullet 
 entered his brain, and killed him instantaneously: 
 he never uttered a groan. Major Banks was a 
 leader in whom we had' every confidence, far- 
 seeing, careful, and brave. His loss was deemed 
 a great misfortime, but he was ably replaced by 
 Brigadier Inglis, who now assumed the supreme 
 command of our little garrison. 
 
 The death of Mr. Polehampton was also a serious 
 loss : for that reverend gentleman had been unre- 
 mitting in his kindness to the sick and wounded in 
 hospital. From morning to night Mr. Polehampton 
 was constantly by the bedside of some poor sufferer, 
 inspiring him with confidence in Providence, and 
 hope in his recovery, or, if hope was at an end, with 
 the prospects of salvation in a better world. He 
 never swerved from this self-imposed duty, and only 
 left the hospital to go to his meals. 
 
 His wife even more generously devoted herself to 
 the task of relieving the temporal wants of the sick ; 
 and in this she was imitated by many other ladies 
 and soldiers' wives, who went about ministering 
 to the wants of the sick, like veritable guardian 
 
160 SIEGE OF LUCKNOW. [July. 
 
 angels, supplying the poor wounded with water and 
 medicine, and performing deeds of kindness, which 
 were gratefully, — oh, how gratefully! — accepted by 
 the poor sufferer. Mrs. Polehampton, particularly, 
 was ever to be found where she was most wanted. 
 No Sister of Charity could have acted more kindly. 
 It was not long, however, before the chief object 
 of her attention was her own husband. He had 
 been wounded in the shoulder by a bullet while 
 in the act of shaving. From the effects of this 
 wound he slowly recovered ; but his system had 
 received a shock which it could not get over. He 
 died some weeks after of cholera. 
 
 I cannot pass this opportunity without paying my 
 meed of praise to the quiet endurance and courage of 
 the female portion of our garrison, whose devotion 
 and heartfelt piety well entitled them to our admira- 
 tion. Fear was utterly banished from their bosoms. 
 Most of them brought up in the enjoyment of every 
 luxury, now thrown on their own resources, suddenly 
 proved that women are capable of as many privations, 
 and could adapt themselves to the times with as 
 much, if not more, resignation than the opposite 
 sex. How many of them had bleeding hearts for the 
 deaths of their husbands and brothers? how many 
 watched at the bedsides of their children dying of 
 
July.] HOSPITAL SCENES. 161 
 
 their wounds, or, what was more frequently the case, 
 expiring from sheer starvation and exhaustion ? And 
 the poor little children, playing at marbles ^vith bul- 
 lets, and amusing themselves with rolling about 
 cannon-balls, scarcely xmderstood how their mothers 
 watched over and contemplated them with fear and 
 anxiety. 
 
 The hospital at this time was always full ; and 
 the spectacle which it presented was heart-rend- 
 ing. Everywhere wounded officers and men were 
 lying on couches, covered with blood, and often 
 with vermin. The apothecaries, hospital attendants, 
 and servants, were too few in number, and with all 
 their activity could not attend to everybody; and 
 as for a change of linen, where was that to come 
 from ? We had one or two dhobhies, it is trjue, who 
 at most exorbitant prices now and then washed, 
 — badly, insufficiently, and without soap, of which 
 there was a great dearth in the garrison ; but they 
 were overwhelmed with labour, and would do little ; 
 and besides, there was very little linen. This was, 
 indeed, a luxury which few were permitted to 
 enjoy. 
 
 There were not even bedsteads enough for all. 
 Many of the wounded were lying groaning upon 
 mattresses and cloaks only. Everywhere cries of 
 M 
 
162 SIEGE OF LUCKNOW. [Jdly. 
 
 agony were heard, piteous exclamations for water or 
 assistance. The fumigations to which recourse was had 
 were not sufficient to remove the disagreeable, fetid 
 smell which pervaded the long hall of the sick, and 
 the air in it was pestilential and oppressive. Owing to 
 the unceasing fire of the enemy, the windows had to 
 be barricaded, and it was therefore only by the doors 
 facing the Eesidency, and those fronting the Bailey- 
 guard wall at the back, that light and air could 
 penetrate the building. The upper story was 
 quite untenable ; and, indeed, the lower was far 
 from safe. 
 
 One poor fellow, in a fair way of recovery, while 
 smoking his pipe, was shot in his bed, and several of 
 our sick had most narrow escapes from the bursting 
 of shells. At a subsequent period, too, a carcase fell 
 into the midst of one of our barricades, and set not 
 only the whole of it on fire, but consumed also a great 
 number of hospital appurtenances. It was with 
 difficulty extinguished. Dysentery and diarrhoea 
 swelled the numbers in hospital almost as much as 
 the balls of the enemy. The exposure we all had to 
 bear at last affected the majority of us. Though all 
 did not go into the hospital, many were ailing at their 
 posts, or in their apartments, and the bad food we 
 had to swallow did little towards invigorating us. 
 
July.] DEATH AND DISEASE. 163 
 
 The children, however, mostly felt the privationg. 
 More than a score had already died. 
 
 About this time I often wandered about in the hospi- 
 tal to see my wounded friends. Poor Erith was lying 
 still sensible, but unable to move, on a bed clotted 
 with his blood. His wife was bending over him, 
 weeping bitterly. She had been told that no hope 
 remained. As I approached the poor fellow's bed- 
 side he opened his eyes, looked at me, and calling 
 me by name, asked if all was right at his garrison 
 (Innes's outpost). Poor Mrs. Erith, who was so soon 
 to be a widow, had only been married three months, 
 and seemed devoted to her husband. Though I had 
 become accustomed enough to these sights, I could 
 not help being moved by the image of despair which 
 she presented. Poor Erith ! he died tranquilly during 
 the night, and without pain. 
 
 Next to his bed lay Mr. Pigeon, a civilian attached 
 to the Judicial garrison. He was mortally hit, and was 
 likewise attended by his afflicted wife. I had helped 
 to carry him to the hospital, but we had been obliged 
 to put him down at the post-office to rest ourselves for 
 a moment. " Let me lie here," cried he ; " I know 
 I shall die, so let me die in peace. Moving me 
 hurts me." But we took him on. We thought his 
 wound dangerous but not fatal; but on reaching 
 
 M 2 
 
164 SIEGE OF LUCKNOW. [July. 
 
 the hospital we soon learnt that the ball had en- 
 tered the spine and that he could not live, nor did 
 he survive above three hours. 
 
 I also went to see little Bailey, whjjm I found sitting 
 up, his chin bleeding profusely, but as soon as he saw 
 me he would talk, though with his teeth set. He 
 chiefly expatiated on his valiant deeds of the day 
 before, and seemed to feel no little pride in not 
 having left his firelock at his post. Sinclair, too, 
 I found stretched on his bed, with the bullet still 
 in his thigh. 
 
 But wherever I went, and whomsoever I went to see, 
 whether officer, soldier, or civilian, Mr. Apothecary 
 Thompson, who had been in medical charge of one 
 of the Oude Irregular Infantry regiments, and who 
 now acted as the medical officer in charge, was 
 everywhere to be seen. Not a patient that recovered 
 but could testify often to his professional skill, but 
 always to his unremitting kindness. Many a re- 
 covered friend afterwards assured him that, next to 
 Grod, Dr. Thompson had been the means of saving his 
 life. Mr. Thompson lived in a room in the hospital, 
 and was therefore constantly in attendance when re- 
 quired. As a surgeon, Mr. Thompson undoubtedly 
 was most skilful, and there was no patient, who 
 had not, at some time or other, an encouraging 
 
July.] DR. THOMPSON. 165 
 
 word or some little personal comfort from this 
 gentleman. 
 
 But before speaking, of Mr. Thompson, I should 
 first have mentioned the superintending surgeon, Dr. 
 Scott. Though apparently rough, his arrival was 
 always hailed with pleasure by every one in hospital. 
 For some poor soldier, he usually had a trifling pre- 
 sent, and though he bestowed his favours with a 
 degree of roughness bordering on rudeness sometimes, 
 he did so in order not to have the thanks of the 
 recipient. The 32nd always speak of him with 
 gratitude, and say, with pride, that their surgeon 
 had never been absent from his regiment since he 
 joined it. They all looked to him as to a father. 
 
 Dr. Darby, Dr. Boyd, Dr. Bird, Dr. Partridge, and 
 the other gentlemen who were attached to the hos- 
 pital, were also always busy, cutting and slashing, as 
 well as doing their best to alleviate the sufferings 
 of the sick. And last, though not least, Mr. Higgins, 
 the head apothecary, often acted the good Sama- 
 ritan to the poorer class of sufferers. This good 
 and humble-minded man, never let an opportunity 
 pass by to do a charitable action, not the less ac- 
 ceptable because it was done in silence and unosten- 
 tatiously. The lower the rank of the patient, the 
 
 M 3 
 
166 SIEGE OF LUCKNOW. [July. 
 
 more did Mr. Higgins consider him entitled to his 
 good offices. 
 
 And yet, with all this numerous and well-inten- 
 tioned medical staff, the hospital was always so 
 crowded, that it was impossible to attend to all. 
 
 To one nuisance, the " flies," I have already 
 alluded ; but they daily increased to such an extent 
 that we at last began to feel life to be irksome, more 
 on their account than from any other of our nu- 
 merous troubles. In the day flies, at night mus- 
 quitoes. But the latter were bearable, the former 
 intolerable. Lucknow had always been noted for its 
 flies, but at no time had they been known to be so 
 troublesome. The mass of putrid matter that was 
 allowed to accumulate, the rains, the commissariat 
 stores', the hospital, had attracted these insects in 
 incredible numbers. The Egyptians could not possibly 
 have been more molested than we were by this pest. 
 They swarmed in millions, and though we blew daily 
 some hundreds of thousands into the air, this seemed 
 to make no diminution in their numbers. The 
 ground was still black with them, and the tables 
 were literally covered with tnese cursed flies. 
 
 We could not sleep in the day on account of them. 
 We could scarcely eat. Our beef, of which we get a 
 tolerably small quantity every other day, is usually 
 
July.] THE PLAGUE OF "FLIES." 167 
 
 studded with them; and while I eat my miserable 
 dall and roti (boiled lentil soup and unleavened 
 bread), a number of scamps fly into my mouth, or 
 tumble into the plate, and float about in it, im- 
 promptu peppercorns and — I was about to say 
 something wicked — but really even the reminis- 
 cence of this annoyance is enough to make a saint 
 swear. 
 
 The poor Martini^re pupils, who go about the gar- 
 rison more filthy, than others, and apparently more 
 neglected and hungry even than we are, are made 
 use of to drive away these insects from the sick in 
 hospital, and others. That they, too, should con- 
 tribute their share of usefulness is, indeed, but just 
 and fair. 
 
 Rain, rain, rain, almost constantly. This is un- 
 pleasant, for though one shower cools the air after 
 a hot day, when it lasts too long the heat, instead of 
 being dry, is moist, like a vapour bath, and suffo- 
 cating to a degree. And to stand sentinel at night 
 when it is as cold as the day is hot, and to shiver in 
 the wet, is also far from agreeable. 
 
 On the 25th (July) we were first delighted with 
 authentic news from the outer world, in the shape of 
 a letter from the Quarter-Master-General of General 
 
 M 4 
 
168 SIEGE OF LUCKNOW. [July. 
 
 Havelock's force, telling us to be of good cheer, for 
 forces were coming in overwhelming numbers, and that 
 we should be relieved in two or three days. With 
 what joy we received this communication my readers 
 can perhaps imagine. We had been much depressed 
 of late, notwithstanding the elation which succeeded 
 our victory of the 20th, but this joyful intelligence 
 reanimated us, and we were full of hope. Though 
 Ungud, the spy who had brought us this good news, 
 spoke only of 700 Europeans and a regiment of 
 natives, we believed this to be merely the advance 
 guard, es|)ecially as he assured us that our force had 
 retaken Cawnpore, had fought and gained a battle at 
 Futtypore, and that we had Benares, Allahabad, and 
 Agra in our possession. 
 
 We were all very happy, and the night of the 26th 
 found me talking in high glee and singing with 
 Captain Boileau, my new commanding officer, who, 
 while second in command in the Volunteer Cavalry, had 
 so much distinguished himself at Chinhutt, and with 
 a number of other officers and gentlemen. We had 
 just encored " Cheer, boys, cheer," and were chorusing 
 it with stentorian lungs, when our sentinel sent one 
 of our men from the terrace of the Bhoosa-guard 
 outpost, where we were, to report to us his having 
 seen forms in the dark ; and immediately after it was 
 
July.] A SHAM ATTACK. 169 
 
 " rattle, rattle," and a heavy fire of musketry and 
 great guns. We never stopped to finish our song, 
 accoutred ourselves without an instant's delay, and 
 were ready to meet the enemy with joy and hope in 
 our hearts, for now we were certain of success and 
 sure of a speedy deliverance. The rebels, however, 
 never put us to the proof. Their attack was only a 
 sham one, and they only marched from one house to 
 another, and kept up a furious fusilade in order to 
 harass and annoy us. This trick they afterwards 
 played us often enough. 
 
 But the 27th passed, and no troops came; the 
 28th, and still no aid ; the 29th, the 30th, the 31st ; 
 yet no sign of reinforcements coming to our assistance. 
 It was sad, indeed ! We had so trustfully buoyed 
 ourselves up with hope, we were so sanguine in our 
 expectations, so confident that our friends outside 
 must soon arrive and beat the rebels, that our de- 
 pression, on not seeing our hopes realised, was pro- 
 portionately great. Our hearts began to sink, and 
 msuiy (of whom I, however, was not one) gave 
 up even the last glimmering of hope, and de- 
 livered themselves up to a sullen, obstinate, silent 
 despair. Thus, hopeless of life, and hoping only to 
 kill before being killed, their existence became al- 
 most a burden to them, and many a one cast envious 
 
170 SIEGE OF LUCKNOW. [July. 
 
 glances at the poor fellows carried to their grave 
 every evening. 
 
 Eumours of mining began now to be circulated. 
 One was said to have been under the Cawnpore 
 battery, another under the Brigade Mess, and a third 
 under Sago's garrison. My friend Lawrence never 
 saw me but he reported to me the progress that 
 the enemy was making in their subterraneous gal- 
 leries there. He seemed certain of one day being 
 blown up ; " So, hurrah, my friend," cried he, " for a 
 celestial trip up in the air." 
 
 But we had in the garrison a master mind, a great 
 man, who foresaw all, who opposed science to force 
 and superior numbers, who was indefatigable in 
 taking precautions against all contingencies, who 
 directed everything ; for the Brigadier was too sen- 
 sible a man not to listen to his advice, and Major 
 Anderson, the chief engineer, was too ill, not to 
 devolve his duties upon his active subordinate. All 
 acknowledged his genius. This was Captain Fulton 
 of the Engineers, the man to whom, next to . Sir 
 Henry Lawrence, we, under Providence, owe our 
 lives. And by dint of his prompt and scientific 
 measures we beat off a danger which, from the vast 
 labour the insurgents had at their command, we 
 had most to dread. Captain Fulton, by counter- 
 
July.] THE MASTER MIND. 171 
 
 mining the enemy's subterraneous galleries, either 
 stopped their works, or, by blowing them up, made 
 them innocuous. 
 
 I shall now again continue my story in the shape 
 of a journal ; but before I conclude my narrative of 
 the month of July, I have to record several casualties. 
 Lieutenant A. S. Arthur was shot through the eye at 
 the Cawnpore battery while aiming at one of the 
 enemy. He had belonged to the 7th Light Cavalry. 
 He expired nearly at the same time as he was hit, 
 the 19th July. Lewin, of the Artillery, was shot 
 through the head, and died almost instantane- 
 ously. Indeed this branch of the service suffered 
 immensely. 
 
 Our gunners are constantly knocked over, and 
 though the artillery has been reinforced by volun- 
 teers from the civilians and the 32nd Eegiment, we 
 cannot man the guns sufficiently. Captain Shep- 
 pard, of the 7th Light Cavalry, was hit on the night 
 of the same day, 26th July, during the sham at- 
 tack of the enemy. My officer, Captain Graydon, 
 had occasion to go to the terrace of the Brigade 
 Mess, to report to the Brigadier a move of the 
 enemy towards the Bhoosa-guard, and I accom- 
 panied him. On passing through the first square 
 we saw the body of this unfortunate officer wrapped 
 
172 SIEGE OP LUCKNOW. [Jdly. 
 
 up in a sheet, red with blood. We heard then that, 
 while at the Cawnpore battery, the 32nd soldiers, 
 stationed on the top of the Brigadier Mess, be- 
 lieving the enemy to be approaching, — for it was 
 a dark rainy night, — and thinking they saw a form 
 passing, fired in that direction. It was, unfortunately, 
 Captain Sheppard, w^ho had left the battery itself, 
 and moved to the wall to make a reconnaissance. He 
 was shot dead. When we arrived we found Bri- 
 gadier Inglis anxiously investigating the affair. 
 
 A young man, the son of an old uncovenanted ser- 
 vant, Mr. Wittenbaker, the head of the Financial Com- 
 missioners' Office, was killed about the same day 
 at the Financial Office. He was a very promising 
 young lad. 
 
 Lieut.-Colonel Halford, who had been long ailing, 
 died on the 29th of July of a carbuncle in his back. 
 He had commanded the 71st Native Infantry. 
 
 Dash wood of the 18th, was accidentally wounded 
 (10th July) while cleaning his revolver. One of the 
 balls lodged in his leg, and could never afterwards be 
 extracted. His elder brother. Lieutenant Alexander 
 Dash wood, of the 48th, on the third day of the siege, 
 had been frightfully contused by a round shot, which 
 struck the breastwork of the gun he was working, 
 covered him with bricks and stones, and bruised the 
 
JcL\.] DR. BRYDON. 173 
 
 whole of his left cheek and side down to his knee. 
 On the 8th of July he was able to leave hospital, but 
 the effects of his wound predisposed him to cholera, 
 and he died the day before his younger brother was 
 wounded. 
 
 Mrs. Dorin, who had effected her escape, was killed 
 by a musket ball at Mr. Grubbins' house. 
 
 Surgeon Brydon, of the 71st Native Infantry, who 
 had been very useful in attending to his patients in 
 hospital, became (29th) an inmate of it himself. He 
 was shot while performing an operation, I believe, in 
 the back. His wound was considered dangerous, 
 but he recovered eventually. This gentleman had 
 been at the siege of Jellahabad, and was now 
 destined to go through the dangers and sufferings of 
 a second siege. 
 
174 SIEGE OF LUCKNOW. [Aug. 
 
 CHAP. X. 
 
 AUaUST. — THE MONTH OF MINES. 
 
 Our daily Food. — Captain Fulton's mining Operations. — Hely's 
 Death. — Cholera. — Hope. — Disappointment. — Revelry of the 
 Insurgents. — Their Taunts. — The Enemy's Mines discovered 
 and blown up. — Attack of August 10th. — Explosion of their 
 Mine at Sago's, and miraculous Escape of two Soldiers. — Explo- 
 sion and Attack on the Brigade Mess. — " Turk " as " Luchmi- 
 nia." — Blenman wounded. — Brice's Death. — Death of Major 
 Anderson. — Anecdote. — Refractory Conduct of a Civilian. — 
 Retribution. 
 
 August \st — The siege continues as usual; but 
 the coarse insufficient food is playing the mischief 
 with us. Many of the officers know, however, nothing 
 of this, and one civilian, if report says true, enjoys even 
 luxuries. As for myself, my good things have long 
 been expended. The authorities, before the siege 
 commenced, purchased for Grovernment all the stores 
 of the different merchants, but we never see anything 
 of them. Our grand diet consists of coarse, exceed- 
 ingly coarse, " attah (ground corn with all the husks 
 unsifted), " mash dall " fa nasty black slippery kind 
 of lentils), and bitter salt, with, every other day, a 
 small piece of coarse beef, half of it bones. Tlie 
 whole of this, when passed under the hands of my 
 chef-de-cuisine, a filthy black fellow, who cooks for 
 
Aug.] rULTON*S MINING OPERATIONS. 175 
 
 three or four others, and whom I am obliged to pay 
 twenty rupees a month, results in an abomination 
 which a Spartan dog would turn up his nose at. I 
 have been robbed of nearly half my cigars, too ; and 
 a smoke is now a luxury which I must only occa- 
 sionally indulge in. Eight poor fellows killed to-day. 
 
 August 2nd. — As usual, "rattle rattle," — musket, 
 rifle, jingal (a sort of huge blunderbuss, moved on 
 pivots fastened to walls), matchlock, cannon from a 
 2- to a 36-pounder, swell the diapason of uproar. 
 And besides, we hear of mines everywhere. Captain 
 Fulton, however, organises a body of miners, partly 
 European, partly native, and begins a series of 
 defensive mines. We are, when doing sentinel's 
 duty, particularly warned to be careful, and listen 
 to the sounds of excavation. 
 
 Hely, veterinary surgeon, 7th Light Cavalry, had 
 been shot in the arm some days ago. I found the 
 poor gentleman lying in ihe Thuggee jail, and faint- 
 ing from loss of blood. Apothecary Hyde was soon 
 at his side, and by his directions I got a glass of 
 brandy from one of the masters of the Martiniere. 
 This revived him. He was carried to hospital, had 
 his arm amputated, and died to-day. 
 
 August 3rd. — Heavy rain. The enemy's fire 
 slackens. Nine Europeans buried to-day, among 
 them, Oswin Brown, who died of cholera, — the gentle- 
 
176 SIEGE OF LUCKNOW. [Aug. 
 
 man who, on my last trip to Lucknow, had treated me 
 so hospitably at Bunnee, where he was toll-collector. 
 He was the son of Colonel Brown. Cholera, indeed, 
 is making many awful ravages, but particularly among 
 the children. 
 
 August 5th. — We hear firing of cannon in the 
 city. Can it be our long-expected friends? Is it 
 possible that our reinforcements have at length 
 arrived, and have actually penetrated into the city ? 
 God grant it be so. We all think so, and are frantic 
 with joy; we shake hands with each other as if our 
 deliverance were already at hand, and congratulate 
 each other, and run to the tops of houses, regardless 
 of danger, to see them coming. But we perceive 
 nought but smoke ; and now it ceases, and we hear 
 the sound of cannon in cantonments. Have they 
 veered round, and will they come across the iron 
 bridge, after fording the river at Constantia? This 
 must be so ! How otherwise can we account for 
 their guns being heard in two different quarters? 
 This night we sleep little, for we are full of suspense 
 and anxiety, and yet fearful, lest our hope be turned 
 into disappointment. They will come to-night or 
 early to-morrow morning without fail. 
 
 August 6th,— "WTiat bitter, bitter disappointment ! 
 We have a solution of yesterday's fire in the city, but it 
 is one which makes our hearts sink with despair. The 
 
Aug.] disappointment. 177 
 
 enemy are the first to give it us. At some parts of 
 our entrenchments the insurgents are so near that we 
 can hear them talking distinctly. At the school- 
 houses and the brigade mess, almost every night 
 might be heard the sounds of revelry, music and 
 dancing, in Johannes' house, not twelve yards away 
 from us, and separating us only by a street from the 
 insurgents: At one of these places or at the Bailey- 
 guard, I do not know which, some of the rebellious 
 sepoys, having no doubt 'witnessed our delight, and 
 guessed the cause of our shout and " hm'rahs," were 
 not slow in undeceiving us, by taunting us with " So 
 you think your reinforcements have come, do you ? 
 reinforcements forsooth ! why we have beaten them 
 long ago " (this we knew to be a lie), " and we have 
 crowned our king. The rule of the Feringhees is 
 over, and we'll soon be in your Bailey-guard." 
 
 As we afterwards heard, the insurgents — it being 
 full moon — fired a grand salute at various points, in 
 honour of their new king ; for they have a king ; 
 nothing short of royalty suits them. 
 
 Rain again ; a dreary day, quite in keeping with 
 our melancholy mood. 
 
 August 7th, — A spy comes in from the city, and 
 brings us authentic news, — at least, so it is said, — 
 that an action has taken place at Futt3rpore, between 
 the Cawnpore insurgents and our fellows, the result 
 
178 SIEGE OF LUCKNOW. [Aug. 
 
 of which was a good beating to the Babalogue, and 
 the loss of all their guns. Can it be believed ? is the 
 next question. We have been so often disappointed 
 that we fear to believe in good news. At no time did 
 I feel so strongly as this the truth of the proverb, 
 " Hope deferred maketh the heart sick." Aye, indeed 
 it does ! We were so sanguine before, that the natural 
 result of our disappointments is that we believe in 
 evil tidings, and doubt all good news. 
 
 August lOth. — The last two days had been of the 
 same stereotyped character as the preceding; but 
 on this day the insurgents made another attack, but 
 not of the same determined nature as that of the 
 20th of July. Since then they had become more 
 wary ; and Captain Fulton, aided by Lieutenants 
 J. Anderson, M^Leod, Innes, and Hutchinson, had dis- 
 covered and obtained possession of two of the enemy's 
 galleries, — one under the Brigade Mess, and another 
 under the Cawnpore battery,- — which they blew up. 
 
 This also had annoyed and disgusted the enemy ; 
 and they attacked to-day in great force. They fired 
 off an unusual amount of ammunition, sounded 
 the bugle, shouted, advanced, and retreated, but 
 without giving us many opportunities of knocking 
 them over. We were, of course, all under arms, and 
 at various places, where they attempted to storm, 
 drove them back with the loss of some of their men. 
 
Aug.] attack OP THE IOTH OF AUGUST. 179 
 
 But their attack was so short-lived and compara- 
 tively so feeble, as far as actual storming was con- 
 cerned, that we soon had nothing more to do than 
 keeping well under cover. Our victory was cheaply 
 purchased with the loss of only two or three men ; 
 but we were not the less on that account cheered by 
 it. We began now fairly to despise our enemy. 
 
 Two of the enemy's points of attack on this day 
 had been Sago's garrison and Innes' outpost. My 
 friend Lawrence's predictions had at last proved true ; 
 the enemy had really begun a mine, but it was not 
 in a direction to injure our friends there. It exploded, 
 but hurt no one, and only brought down some out- 
 houses ; but Lieutenant Clery had fortunately com- 
 pleted, two days before the assault, an inner line of 
 defence, which saved our men during the remainder 
 of the siege. Two European soldiers, who had 
 stood sentinel at one of these outhouse piquets, were 
 also blown into the air, but both escaped with their 
 lives. One fell within our compound, slightly 
 bruised, but in no way seriously injured, and the 
 other was thrown into the middle of the road which 
 separated us from the enemy. He no sooner found 
 himself unhurt, than he got upon his legs again, 
 jumped over our wall, and made his escape to us in 
 perfect safety, notwithstanding the innumerable bul- 
 lets that whistled past his ears. 
 
 N 2 
 
180 SIEGE OF LUCKNOW. [Aug. 
 
 The explosion at Sago's took place about five 
 minutes after every one had gone to his post. The 
 garrison was suddenly enveloped in a cloud of dust 
 and smoke, followed by a shower of bricks and 
 stones, which knocked down two men and tore 
 Lieutenant Clery's cap off his head and the firelock 
 out of his hand. The smoke and dust had no sooner 
 disappeared than it was perceived that the wall was 
 breached, so that the men had to get behind their 
 barricade in the verandah. A number of the enemy 
 now rushed up to the breach, but they were met by 
 such a steady fire from Clery's men, that they had to 
 retire with the loss of six or seven of their number, 
 under cover of a portion of the wall that was still 
 standing. They renewed the attack at 2 p.m. and 
 6 P.M. of the same day, but were driven back each 
 time. 
 
 Another mine of the enemy's had been sprung 
 between the brigade mess and the Cawnpore bat- 
 tery, and blew down the stockade traversing the 
 lane leading from Johannes' house to the post office. 
 A few, more bold than the rest, attempted to enter, 
 but they were received by a well-kept-up fire from 
 the brigade mess and the earthen-work parapet cross- 
 ing the road near the post office, and this made them 
 quickly retreat. 
 
 Another attempt to assault on the part of the 
 
Ace] BRYCE'S death. 181 
 
 insiirgents had been made at Innes' outpost. The fire 
 there had been incessant, particularly from the large 
 gun taken at Chinhutt, the 84nch howitzer which 
 our men had christened "Turk," and which the 
 enemy, as one of our spies reported, had dignified 
 with the name of one of their favourite divinities, 
 " Luchminia.^ It played on the devoted outpost 
 with fatal effect, bringing down beam after beam of 
 the roof, and making a great number of breaches in 
 the walls. Unfortunately, a friend of mine, Mr. D. 
 Blenman, a volunteer of that garrison, was standing 
 firing in the bath-room, when one • of Luchminia's 
 round-shot displaced the bricks of the wall he was 
 near, and, covering him with the debris, almost 
 buried him beneath the ruins. He was extri- 
 cated by a brother volunteer some time after; 
 but his injuries had been very severe. His eyes 
 were both inflamed, and one of them is supposed to 
 be for ever useless. Next day, when I visited him in 
 hospital, he was so disfigured, that I did not know 
 him again. He could not see with either eye for 
 very many weeks after. 
 
 Poor Bryce, of the Artillery, died yesterday or the 
 day before. He had saved one of our guns at Chin- 
 hutt, had succeeded in reaching the Residency safe, 
 though wounded, had recovered, and, as had been the 
 case with many convalescents, had become predisposed 
 
 M 3 
 
182 SIEGE OF LUCKNOW. [Aug. 
 
 to cholera, and fallen a victim to it. I saw him in 
 hospital, looking frightfully emaciated, a short time 
 before his death. Ensign Studdy, of the 32nd, also 
 expired about the same time. Wounded in the arm, 
 by a gun-shot which broke the bone, he had to suffer 
 amputation, which, as usual, proved fatal. 
 
 August lUA. — We are destined, it appears, to lose 
 almost all our chief men; first Sir H. Lawrence, 
 then Mr. Ommaney, then Major Banks, and now 
 Major Anderson, the chief engineer. This gentleman 
 had long been ailing, but notwithstanding his ill 
 health he had worked unremittingly. \\Tien, during 
 the first days of the siege, I had occasion to deliver 
 reports at night, I found him almost always awake, 
 either writing or looking over tlie plan of our gar- 
 rison, or consulting with the other engineer officers. 
 He had seldom left the post office, his head- 
 quarters, whence he directed all engineering opera- 
 tions, till he could no longer attend to any, and his 
 duties were performed by Captain Fulton instead. 
 Major Anderson died of a dysentery contracted in 
 the hills, at first slight, but which became fatal by 
 over exertion, anxiety of mind, and want of repose. 
 
 Connected with Major Anderson's death I must 
 relate an anecdote. In our garrison there was a 
 person of the name of Schmidt, whose grandfather 
 had been a Grerman, but who w^as himself born in 
 
Aug.] an ANECDOTE. 183 
 
 India, and who was well known as a man of dissipated 
 liabits, and as having an utter disregard of truth. He 
 had no situation, having been dismissed from some ap- 
 pointment under Government, but he pleaded in the 
 Deputy Commissioner's Court at iMullapore in Oude, 
 in favour of native clients. He was, however, a hard- 
 working man in the garrison, being always ready to 
 lend a hand at anything, as fearless as any other Euro- 
 pean, and constantly visiting one battery after another. 
 One day he was one of a fatigue party in the post office, 
 when Major Anderson saw him, and asked him what 
 business he had there, and why he did not join his 
 garrison, as an attack was expected ? The reply was 
 uncourteous enough. " "VMio the d — are you, to put 
 me such a question ? " "I am an officer," w^as the 
 Major's answer. " D — officers," retorted Schmidt ; 
 " we have too many of them here that are not worth 
 their salt, and who are fonder of bullying civilians, 
 now that they can do so with impunity, than fighting 
 the insurgents. WTio are you?" "I am Major 
 Anderson, and will soon show you who I am." Where- 
 upon he called two Europeans, and had him conveyed 
 to the quarter-guard, ordering him to be detained for 
 forty-eight hours. As soon as Schmidt found him- 
 self in trouble, he did his best to get out of it ; sent 
 for his friends and begged them to endeavour to 
 
 N 4 
 
184 SIEGE OF LUCKNOW. [Aua. 
 
 get him off. They succeeded, and Major Anderson 
 ordered his release next day. 
 
 Instead of being grateful for having his punish- 
 ment thus remitted, Schmidt was no sooner set free 
 than he cursed Major Anderson and every officer in 
 the garrison, swore he would return his firelock to 
 Captain Boileau, his commanding officer, and vowed 
 he would no longer lift a musket in defence of " such 
 bullies." He would also try to revolutionise the other 
 garrisons where the uncovenanted were ill-treated, 
 and if possible cause a mutiny in the entrenchments. 
 It was in vain that he was told that neither he nor 
 any other civilian in Lucknow fought out of love to 
 the officers in the garrison, but for his own life, for 
 his friends, for the women and children under their 
 common charge, and for the honour of the European 
 name. Kone of the arguments had any effect. He 
 was furious with rage at the indignity that had been 
 offered to him, and attempted to incense the civilians 
 in other garrisons against their superiors, assuring 
 them that if they were all of one mind they would 
 soon bring down the pride of these detested officers. 
 Of course no one would listen to his nonsense, and on 
 his return he called the civilians a parcel of cowards, 
 and then, taking his musket, went up to Captain 
 Boileau. He there threw the firelock at his officer's 
 feet, swore he would not take it up again, and 
 
Aug.] REFRACTORT CONDUCT OF A CIVILIAN. 185 
 
 continuing his insolence, begged the Brigadier to 
 let him have a horse, and have the gate opened for 
 him, and he would risk being cut up by the insur- 
 gents, but whom, if they allowed him, he would join. 
 He then broke his sword in two, and was walking 
 away, when he was ordered back; and, as such inso- 
 lence could not be allowed, he was sentenced to be 
 put into irons, and to receive twenty-five lashes. Be- 
 fore he was stripped to receive the cane, he said to 
 the provost, " Remember, sir, I am a British subject, 
 and a European." " Are you, indeed ? " said that 
 gentleman, affecting surprise; "well, judging from 
 your face, I did not think so, but now that I see 
 your body, I am of opinion you are ; " adding, just 
 as the culprit entertained some hope of being let 
 ofif, " However, lay on, my lads," 
 
 He received his punishment stoically enough, went 
 to hospital for treatment, recovered as soon as the 
 period of his arrest had expired, and then returned 
 to his duty as if nothing had happened. This flogging 
 had not been very public, and he invariably denied 
 that the sentence had ever been executed. 
 
 This happened in July. To-day, while we were 
 all assembled on the terrace at the Boosha-guard, 
 Schmidt suddenly called out, " Boys, I have some 
 capital news to give you. Will you cheer if I tell 
 you ? " " Yes, yes, of course," was the reply. " Well, 
 
186 SIEGE OF LUCKNOW. [Aug. 
 
 then (with an oath), Major Anderson is dead this 
 afternoon." Every one cried out " Shame ! shame ! " 
 I felt the greatest inclination in the world to knock 
 the fellow down for his brutality, but I restrained 
 myself, and merely said, "How easy it is to forgive, 
 when one's enemy is dead; even supposing Major 
 Anderson was your enemy, it is horrible and unmanly 
 to speak thus of the dead." " Forgive him ! " cried 
 he, with a sneer and an oath ; " no, never would I 
 forgive him ; " and he uttered a curse, with^which I 
 shall not disgust my readers. 
 
 I shall finish this episode, though I might be 
 thought guilty of an anachronism. Schmidt from that 
 day began to ail, and at last became so ill that he 
 could no longer rise from his bed. He lingered on 
 for weeks, but just as our troops had at last gladdened 
 us with the hope of relief, he expired. He had been 
 in the thickest shower of musket balls, and even often 
 exposed himself uselessly, without ever being touched ; 
 but to die of disease, and to die at such a moment, 
 when all other hearts were full of joy, to die neglected 
 and unnoticed in the midst of rejoicing, made many 
 think, and think justly, that his death was a direct 
 punishment from Heaven, and that the curses he 
 uttered over the corpse of poor Major Anderson had 
 met with their deserts by a higher power than 
 even martial law. 
 
187 
 
 CHAP. xr. 
 
 AUGUST CONTINUED. — SORTIES. 
 
 Despair. — Captain Fulton's Successes. — War with Brickbats. — Our 
 Artillery Officers. — Deaths. — An Episode of "War. — Bitter 
 Thoughts. — Hairbreadth Escapes. — Successful Explosion of the 
 Enemy's ^line. — Orr's Miraculous Escape. — The Enemy repulsed. 
 — Sortie. — "Bob the Nailer." — Sally out. — Other Sorties. — The 
 Mohurrum. — Desertion of Sergeant Jones and otliers. — Our 
 Natives disheartened. — News from the outer world. — Character 
 brought out by the Siege. — Our Casualties in August. 
 
 August \^ih, — The last few days had been of the 
 same character as before, with this addition merely, 
 that our hope of relief had become daily more feeble. 
 Still I doubt if even my friend Barsotelli, than whom 
 I never knew a man less hopeful, had not also a 
 glimmering of hope. But it waa distant, so very 
 distant indeed, that the inkling of its light could 
 scarcely be perceived, — however, yet existing, yet 
 present in the midst of the surrounding darkness. 
 Our loss of European lives had of late been very 
 heavy also, and we had reason to look at everything 
 as couleur de deuil. 
 
 But Captain Fulton at least never despaired. He 
 
 ■'te* 
 
188 SIEGE OF LUCKNOW. [Aug. 
 
 had now become our chief engineer, and was ever on 
 the watch for the enemy's mines. He soon discovered 
 them at work near Sago's garrison, and our sentries 
 there were enabled to learn the very spot where they 
 had sunk a shaft. A sortie had therefore been re- 
 solved upon, in the view of taking possession of it 
 and destroying it. Lieutenant Clery and ten Euro- 
 peans volunteered for this duty, and accompanied by 
 Lieutenant Hutchinson (Engineers) had sallied out 
 towards noon, expecting to be able to surprise the 
 guard they believed they would find there. But in- 
 stead of only a small number of men, they found an 
 overwhelming force prepared to meet them. They 
 accordingly retreated, and miraculously succeeded in 
 reaching our entrenchments without the loss of a 
 man. 
 
 Captain Fulton, therefore, ordered a countermine 
 to be made, and so expeditious was he that in the 
 space of twenty hours it was completed. Its gallery 
 led right under one of the houses they occupied in 
 great force, particularly with riflemen ; for we could 
 see their dark-green uniform often enough, and still 
 more frequently hear the sharp whiz of the rifle ball. 
 Lieutenant Birch, in order to see if it was full, this 
 morning threw a few brickbats into its courtyard. 
 Immediately fifty other similar missiles were shied at 
 the place where he had been. We were satisfied, and 
 
Aug.] captain FULTON S SUCCESS. 189 
 
 shortly after the mine was fired. It exploded, and 
 the house was instantly one mass of ruins, burying 
 under them from forty to sixty of the enemy. Many 
 were not killed, and endeavoured to escape from 
 their tomb, but only to fall by our rifles. Seeing our 
 success, we set up a shout of joy, and our foes out of 
 spite immediately began a furious fusilade all round, 
 which, however, did no harm. 
 
 August I6th. — Two of our artillery officers were 
 wounded yesterday. Lieutenant J. Alexander and 
 Lieutenant Bonham. The latter had recovered from 
 his first wound at Chinhutt, and now received a con- 
 tusion at his side. Of our artillery officers we have 
 now none but Lieutenant Thomas (Madras) and 
 Lieutenant Cunlifie who remain untouched. Bryce 
 and Lewin are dead, and Captain Simons is dan- 
 gerously wounded, and M'Farlane, Clare Alexander, 
 and J. Alexander, and Bonham are in hospital. Of 
 our gunners, out of ninety, half are already laid low, 
 and among them a civilian named Wells, a first-rate 
 fellow, who never failed to go where danger was to 
 be faced. He was shot through the head while serv- 
 ing his gun. 
 
 I had been going about the whole of the last few 
 days, and among other places to Sago's garrison. 
 Poor Lawrence, whom I visited there, is a living 
 
190 SIEGE OF LUCKNOW. [Aug. 
 
 proof of the miseries which war entails. He has 
 the misfortune to be a family man; for to have a 
 wife and children to think of and to work for, in his 
 circumstances, must indeed be terrible. He had at 
 first told me of his wife being feverish and quite 
 overcome with the abominable life she had to lead, 
 herding together with a number of other women, 
 and the stuff she had to swallow. And then he talked 
 to me of his boy Herbert ; how he was attacked 
 with cholera, and feared he was very ill ; and how, 
 instead of being able to watch by his bedside, he 
 had been all night digging at Captain Fulton's mine ; 
 and then how his child next night was convulsed, 
 and what little hope he had of his darling being 
 spared to them — how heart-rending his sufferings 
 were to his parent's feelings — how even his iron 
 constitution was at last giving way — how he had 
 neither medicine nor attendance nor proper food 
 for the child, and how the blowing up of the mine 
 so close to his sick couch had frightened him. And 
 then to-day he told me with tears in his eyes, that 
 yesterday — the anniversary of his birthday, when he 
 was exactly twenty-nine years of age, his poor child 
 was called away. " Grod's will be done," said he, 
 " but it is terrible to think of. At night we dug a 
 hole in the garden, and there, wrapped in a blanket, 
 we laid him. Oh, my God ! " Lawrence's case is 
 
Aug.] bitter THOUGHTS. 191 
 
 not singular. Many another poor parent's heart is 
 thus torn. These episodes, alas ! occur daily. May 
 Heaven's curses fall on these miscreants ! 
 
 August 17 th, — Much as usual. The heartaches 
 while watching for relief, but none comes. Will 
 Cawnpore be repeated in Lucknow ? Alas I it seems 
 so. Our number is visibly decreasing. Besides, how 
 do I know whether I shall escape even before the 
 final catastrophe, which, unless our forces come to 
 our aid, must take place sooner or later ? How do I 
 know whether I shall not be knocked over before ? 
 That is soon done. A covering to wrap my corpse 
 up in, a dooly borne by sweepers to serve me as a 
 hearse, a shallow hole, a short prayer over it, and 
 half-a-dozen other dead bodies, and the thing is 
 done, and no one can afterwards tell where my bones 
 are laid. These reflections come frequently enough, 
 but I banish them as quickly as they come. WTiat is 
 the use of thinking ? 
 
 As for death it stares one constantly in the face. 
 Not daily, not hourly, but minute after minute, 
 second after second, my life, and every other's, is in 
 jeopardy. Balls fall at our feet, and we continue 
 the conversation without a remark ; bullets graze our 
 very hair, and we never speak of them. Narrow escapes 
 are so very common that even women and children 
 
192 SIEGE OF LUCKNOW. [Aug. 
 
 cease to notice them. They are the rule, not the 
 exception. At one time a bullet passed through my 
 hat; at another I escaped being shot dead by one 
 of the enemy's best riflemen, by an unfortunate 
 soldier passing unexpectedly before me, and receiving 
 the wound through the temples instead ; at another 
 I moved off from a place where in less than the twink- 
 ling of an eye afterwards a musket-ball stuck in 
 the wall. At another, again, I was covered with dust 
 and pieces of brick by a round-shot that struck the 
 wall not two inches away from me ; at another, again, 
 a shell burst a couple of yards away from me, killing 
 an old woman, and wounding a native boy and a native 
 cook, one dangerously, the other slightly ; at another, 
 again— but, no ; I must stop, for I could never exhaust 
 the catalogue of hairbreadth escapes which every 
 man in the garrison can speak of as well as myself. 
 The wonder is not that we lose so many men, but 
 that so few of us are hit amidst the constant dangers 
 we are exposed to. 
 
 August I8th. — CsiptsLm Adolphe Orr, who com- 
 manded the Sikh Square, had already reported two 
 of the enemy's mines there, and Captain Fulton ac- 
 cordingly began a countermine, which the insurgents 
 no sooner discovered than they at once stopped 
 their operations. But a few days after they began a 
 
Aug.] explosion OF THE ENEMY's MINE. 193 
 
 third mine, directed also to the Sikh Square, which 
 Captain Orr also reported, but the engineers and 
 other officers, who listened to the suspicious sounds, 
 pronounced them to be caused not by the excava- 
 tions of the hostile miners, but by the tramping of 
 the horses, tied up close to the Sikh Square. This 
 was indeed the most probable solution of the question, 
 and no further notice was taken. 
 
 Early this morning, however, we discovered our 
 mistake. The 2nd Sikh Square was garrisoned by 
 about fifteen Christian drummers and musicians of 
 the regiments that had mutinied in cantonments, and 
 about as many Sikhs. One of the sentries on the 
 look-out, suddenly called out, "Mine, sir." The 
 words were scarcely out of his mouth, when a loud 
 explosion shook the earth, buried seven Christians 
 and two Sikhs under the ruins it made, hurled Cap- 
 tain Orr, Lieutenant Mecham, Bandmaster Curtain, 
 and a drummer into the air, and slightly bruised 
 Lieutenant Soppitt and a few men. Captain Orr fell 
 back into the square, receiving merely a slight con- 
 tusion in the hand and back, and Lieutenant Mecham 
 escaped likewise ^vith a few bruises. Of the others. 
 Curtain fell on the enemy's side, and the drummer 
 came down unhurt to us. The former was either 
 killed by the fall or murdered by the mutineers, for 
 o 
 
194 SIEGE OP LUCKNOW. [AiTO, 
 
 the next day we saw his headless trunk lying on the 
 road side. The lucky drummer who thus escaped, 
 owing to the darkness caused by the smoke and dust, 
 mistook his way, and was just about to run over to 
 the enemy's side, when he was called back by his 
 commanding officer, and thus saved. 
 
 A large breach had been effected, and the enemy 
 made a feeble attempt to enter by it, but a bullet 
 from the Brigade Mess killed the leader, and the 
 rest retreated. But still we could not approach the 
 breach. No sooner did any one of our men show 
 himself, for the ruins of the building were now 
 taken possession of by the foe, than he was fired at. 
 Indeed, we lost several wounded in making the at- 
 tempt. Nine of our fellow-creatures were buried 
 there, some alive, and making piteous exclamations 
 for assistance, but we could not help them. Briga- 
 dier Inglis then ordered a 9-pounder gun into the 
 1st Sikh Square, and Lieutenant Hutchinson made 
 a temporary embrasure. But it was not before 
 twelve o'clock that we could complete all these ar- 
 rangements, and begin to drive out the enemy. 
 Some of our gallant 32nd were then made to advance, 
 protected, as they did so, by bullet-proof doors, 
 which they held before them. Having once reoccu- 
 pied the corner of the 2nd Sikh Square which we had 
 
Aug.] sortie. 195 
 
 temporarily lost, we tried to assist the victims of the 
 explosion ; but they had expired of suffocation and 
 thirst by two o'clock, so that our aid came too late. 
 
 We did not, however, content ourselves with merely 
 recapturing a point we had lost, but, headed by Cap- 
 tain Fulton, a party of volunteers, consisting of 84ths, 
 32nds, and a few civilians, sallied out, killed a number 
 of insurgent matchlockmen in a house known as 
 " Young Johannes, " put the rest to flight, and then 
 attacked a bazaar of Grolahgunge, known as the 
 Goenda Barracks. Captain Fulton's party not only 
 destroyed a number of small houses in the neighbour- 
 hood, but also blew up the shaft of another mine 
 they had begun. Before the enemy could recover 
 from their surprise, and attack us, our party was 
 already safe again in our entrenchments. My friend 
 Deprat was severely wounded in the face to-day. 
 
 August 20th, — One of the houses from which we 
 suffered most was that opposite the Cawnpore bat- 
 tery. We had already, in July last, made a sortie 
 upon this house, known as " Johannes,** which I omit- 
 ted to notice. It was the private property of a mer- 
 chant of that name ; and had been stored with goods 
 of all sorts. One of the late king's African eunuchs, 
 a first-rate rifleman, had picked off dozens of our 
 men during the first days of the siege. Our men 
 o 2 
 
196 SIEGE OF LUCKNOW. [Aug. 
 
 had christened him "Bob the Nailer," because he 
 nailed every man he fired at with his double-barrelled 
 rifle. The sortie, headed by Captain Browne and 
 Lieutenant M'Cabe, of the 32nd regiment, had been 
 •perfectly successful. An entry had been effected by 
 blasting open a little doorway. A number of the 
 enemy had been found asleep, and were bayoneted 
 in grand style. Bob himself — found seated at his 
 elevated post, where he was engaged in returning the 
 fire kept up by the officers on the terrace of the 
 Brigade Mess to divert his attention, perfectly uncon- 
 scious of the entrance of our men — then paid for 
 the death of so many brave Europeans, with his own 
 life. Several others had been found hiding, with a 
 view to plunder, in chests, which our men were search- 
 ing in a godown or magazine, attached to the building, 
 and had been killed after a hand-to-hand struggle. 
 
 However, it was soon after re-occupied by the 
 enemy, and filled with other capital sharpshooters. 
 We had tried shells and cannon-balls to dislodge the 
 enemy, but without effect; and Captain Fulton, 
 therefore, began a mine right under it, beginning 
 from the cellar in Deprat's house, near the Cawnpore 
 battery. The mine was fired to-day, and perfectly 
 succeeded, killing from sixty to eighty of the rebels, 
 as we afterwards heard. Immediately after the 
 
Aug.] the MOIIURRUM. 197 
 
 explosion, our men made two sallies. One was 
 under Captain Fulton himself, who attacked some of 
 the adjacent buildings, drove out the insurgents that 
 occupied them, and blew them up. The other party, 
 under Captain Browne and Lieutenant M'Cabe, who 
 had won his commission at Mooltan, where he was 
 the first man that placed the British standard there, 
 was not less successful. He spiked two of the 
 enemy's guns, and returned without losing a man ; 
 only one of the 32nd being slightly wounded. 
 
 The enemy, as usual, showed their disgust at these 
 manoeuvres immediately after recovering from their 
 surprise, by invading the Residency with shell and 
 shot from all sides. 
 
 August 25th. — During the last few days nothing 
 of consequence occurred. The siege went on as 
 usual, with this difference only, that the enemy seem 
 to have become reinforced again, and to fire with 
 greater effect and more judiciously. We undergo 
 the same privations, the same sufferings, the same 
 annoyances, the same hopelessness of relief, the same 
 or even greater loss of men daily, the same dangers. 
 In the language of the Psalmist, " One day certifieth 
 another.** 
 
 The Mohurrum has now come on, so that the 
 stimulus of fanaticism will probably add to the 
 o 3 
 
198 SIEGE OF LUCKNOW. [Aug. 
 
 courage of our despicable foe. We hear the "torn 
 torn" of their processions, and the shrill tones of 
 their buffalo-horn bugles more frequently. This Mo- 
 hammedan festival is held in commemoration of the 
 deaths of Hossein and Hussen, who are regarded by 
 the Shiahs as martyrs to their faith, and are reckoned 
 in the number of their twelve imaums or saints. 
 Nine days after the first of the forty days of the 
 Mohurrum, is the " Kutl ka rath^' or Night of 
 Butchery, when the Shiah Mussulmans are wont to 
 kill goats as a sacrifice to heaven. This time, how- 
 ever, we expect they will endeavour to kill us, who 
 are in their eyes, infidel Feringhees ; for to die in 
 such an attempt is a certain way of going straight 
 into the sixth heaven of Paradise. 
 
 Among those who were particularly alarmed about 
 the result of another attack, was a man named Jones, 
 who had been made sergeant of the Bhoosa-guard. 
 He was a fair, European-looking man, though he had 
 Asiatic blood in his veins, very stout, very phlegmatic, 
 and very fond of brandy, but more so of opium. In- 
 deed, he was a confirmed opium eater; and having 
 been all his life in Lucknow among Mohammedans, 
 he had imbibed their prejudices, habits, and ways of 
 thinking. Some said he had even been circumcised ; 
 but whether or no, he was an excellent Christian 
 
Aug.] desertion OF SERGEANT JONES. 199 
 
 during the siege, for he never went to sleep without 
 praying in company with four or five hangers on, men 
 of his set and stamp. Fear, I believe, made them 
 pious for the nonce. 
 
 The battle of Chinhutt had overtaken us so 
 suddenly, that he and his companions had been 
 obliged to leave their wives and children in the 
 city. Anxiety to learn their fate, his terror of a 
 general massacre on the Night of Butchery, the 
 want of opium, and a sort of reliance upon his 
 native friends, made Mr. Jones think seriously of 
 deserting. I fear he had even carried on treasonable 
 correspondence with the enemy. At all events, he 
 succeeded in persuading ten others, mostly native 
 Christians, to follow him, and to endeavour to leave 
 the Residency. Accordingly, in the dead of night, 
 white one of their set was doing sentinel's duty, 
 they undid a barricade before a door in the bullock 
 sheds, and, leaving it wide open, effected their escape 
 without being discovered.* 
 
 We had got rid of rubbish, that was true; but 
 the moral effect of their desertion was highly injuri- 
 ous. Our natives argued that our position must be 
 
 * We afterwards learnt that Jones and his companions had been 
 seized by the insurgents and killed, and their blood sprinkled on 
 the " tazeas," or images of Hussen's tomb, as a sacnfice. 
 
 o4 
 
200 SIEGE or LUCKNOW. [Aug. 
 
 very bad indeed ; for if Feringhees themselves con- 
 sidered our cause hopeless, why should they risk 
 certain death with us ? Many of our servants, who 
 had remained with us, now deserted, and the rumour 
 became current, and was generally believed, that the 
 sepoys now still faithful would leave by the 1st of 
 September, if no reinforcements should come to our 
 aid, or if we had not certain tidings of their coming. 
 August 29th. — We were gladdened to-day with 
 news from Cawnpore. The same spy who had already 
 succeeded in smuggling in a letter, returned to-day. 
 After having been confined by the insurgents under 
 suspicion, on going out of our entrenchments, he 
 effected his escape to Cawnpore one dark night, and 
 came back to us with a letter. It stated in a few 
 words that we w^ere not forgotten, but that this time 
 we were certain of being relieved, but not before three 
 weeks ; that we were not to treat by any means, but 
 rather die sword in hand. This damped our ardour 
 a little, but still it encouraged all to persevere, and we 
 regarded the future now with renewed hopes. It is 
 a long period to look forward to, but still it serves as 
 a bright beacon of light to lessen the darkness of des- 
 pair. Even our sepoys are more hopeful, for besides 
 the actual fact of good news having come in they are 
 not a little cheered, as one of them told me, by the 
 
Aug.] character TESTED BY THE SIEGE. 201 
 
 appeai-ance of one or two black-faced and long-tailed 
 baboon monkeys seen within oui' entrenchments. No 
 omen could have been more auspicious to our Hindoo 
 soldiers. It was a direct visitation of their god 
 Humayoon, and betokened certain success to our arms. 
 
 Through Ungud (this was the name of the mes- 
 senger), we for the first time learned how our troops 
 had re-crossed the river, after beating the enemy 
 everywhere ; but that their victories had cost them 
 so dearly, that they were obliged to fall back upon 
 Cawnpore for other reinforcements, and that a large 
 force was assembled there. Is this true? Nous 
 vei^^ons ! 
 
 August 31. — A siege is certainly the best school 
 to learn character. People show themselves in their 
 true light, and throw off the mask they wear in 
 society. Oi^e's good or bad character becomes ap- 
 parent at once. Many a kind action here I have seen 
 performed by people whom I had considered harsh 
 and proud ; and men with smiling faces, polite, and 
 noted for their obliging disposition, proved themselves 
 selfish in the extreme. They might enjoy delicacies 
 before your face, and though they knew you to be 
 hungry, would never ask you to partake of them, 
 even if they had more than enough for themselves. 
 People to whom, during the first month of the siege, I 
 
202 SIEGE OF LUCKNOW. [Aug. 
 
 had given all sorts of little luxuries, afterwards refused 
 me a handful of flour, a teaspoonful of sugar, or a 
 few leaves of tea, and yet they had stores of all. It was 
 infamous ! Self, self, self, — how general that feeling 
 was, especially among the rich. And a poor sergeant's 
 wife, or a common soldier, would occasionally give 
 me a something that, though in the every-day course 
 of life one would scarcely say a " thank you" for, is 
 now prized above gold, pearls, diamonds, and rubies, 
 of which, a-propoSf one may have as many as one 
 pleases for a few rupees, for a cigar, a glass of brandy, 
 or a little tobacco. 
 
 Selfishness, which proceeds from a disinclination 
 to deprive oneself of some benefit, I can under- 
 stand; but the dog-in-the-manger style of selfish- 
 ness is what I really cannot comprehend. Yet 
 even this existed, and I knew people to hoard 
 up luxuries, neither enjoying them themselves nor 
 allowing others to enjoy them, and being in a 
 perfect agony of mind at seeing others use their 
 kettle, or avail themselves of the services of a do- 
 mestic. And pride too still existed, though I must 
 say most men put it into their pockets. Cowardice 
 was, however, a failing which I saw very conspicuous 
 in only one man, and that man, I am ashamed to con- 
 ,fess, was a European and a civilian, whose name is 
 
Aug.] casualties IN AUGUST. 203 
 
 owwhere mentioned in my book. Surliness too was not 
 quite uncommon. A siege sours one's temper con- 
 siderably. One or two officers whom I shall not 
 name were like rabid dogs, snapping at whoever ad- 
 dressed them. But the generality could bear scrutiny 
 well enough, and yet not suffer in estimation. There 
 are many good men with us still. 
 
 An old acquaintance of mine, known as Captain 
 W. W. Need, formerly of the King of Oude's service, 
 and of gold-seeking celebrity, was shot this month. 
 He had been very careful to keep under cover, and 
 he was besides old and ailing. But his children 
 wanted food, and he had to get firewood. No sooner 
 had he however made his bundle, than he was shot 
 through the breast. This happened near Innes's 
 outpost. 
 
 Two men who had done excellent service in the 
 magazines here, superintending the manufacture of 
 fusees, shells, &c., and had been indefatigable through- 
 out, were also killed. Conductor Woods received a 
 bullet through his breast at the hospital, and Sergeant 
 White was shot dead through the head, near the 
 Bailey-guard. 
 
 Captain G. P. Barlow, of the 50th Native Infantry, 
 who had commanded the church garrison, died this 
 month (21st August). His complaint was slight at 
 first, but by his fretting it had become fatal. 
 
204 SIEGE OF LUC KNOW. [Ara. 
 
 A gallant young fellow, Mr. Edwin Sequera, who 
 had distinguished himself at Chinhutt, as well as 
 throughout the siege, for his coolness under fire, died 
 of a wound received in his breast. He was more for- 
 tunate than others, for he expired in the bosom of 
 his family, was carried to the grave by his friends, and 
 buried alone, for on that day (29th August) his was 
 the only death that took place. 
 
 Two officers were wounded this month, besides 
 those I already named. Lieutenant H. Inglis was 
 wounded by a piece of shell in the leg at Anderson's 
 garrison, and Lieutenant and Adjutant Grraves slightly 
 wounded. Mr. M'Kae, a civil engineer, had his 
 shoulder-bone injured by a bullet at the post office ; 
 and a hospital attendant. Brown, was shot through 
 the shoulder in the hospital. 
 
 Mr. Bickers, an uncovenanted member of Innes's 
 outpost, was very severely wounded. Though his j aw- 
 bone was smashed, he yet lives, and is doing well. 
 
 Captain Kemble, an officer, who, while in command 
 of the Cawnpore battery, had been conspicuous for 
 his coolness and gallantry, had a most narrow escape 
 at his exposed post. A shell, which severely wounded 
 one of our men, burst close to him without hurting 
 him. 
 
205 
 
 CHAP. XII. 
 
 THE SEPTEMBER MONTH. 
 
 Famine Prices. — Valuable Cigars. — Commotion among the Eebcls. 
 
 — On the Alert. — Mines and Countermines. — Attack of the 5th 
 September. — Quiet Days. — Sudden Death. — Death of Cap- 
 tain Fulton. — His Eulogy. — Fatal Error. — Deprat's Death. — 
 The Protestant and Roman Catholic Clergymen. — Deprat's 
 MiUtary Experiences in Africa. — Offer of Service from the Nana. 
 
 — Conversation with the Insurgents. — Characteristic Anecdote. — 
 
 — The only Effective Artillery Officer.— Casualties. — Suicide. — 
 Continuation of my Journal. — Signs of Coming Reinforcements. 
 
 September. — Here we are, in the grouse-shooting 
 season of merry England ; but here in India, we shoot 
 black men instead. Articles of consumption are 
 sometimes obtainable, how and where from we do 
 not ask. "Attah " (coarse flour), one rupee per seer ; 
 "ghee" (melted butter), very rancid, 10 rupees per 
 seer ; sugar, 16 rupees a seer ; country leaf-tobacco, 
 2 rupees a leaf ; a dozen of brandy, 150 rupees to 
 180; a dozen of beer, 70 rupees; a ham, 90 rupees; 
 a bottle of pickles, 20 rupees ; and all other things in 
 proportion. 
 
 I have given up smoking tobacco, and have taken 
 to tea-leaves and neem-leaves, and guava fruit leaves 
 
206 SIEGE OF LUCKNOW. [Sept. 
 
 instead, which the poor soldiers are also constantly 
 using. I had sold my gold chain and watch for 250 
 rupees to one of the men who had more money than 
 he could keep, and I was, therefore, enabled to enjoy 
 the luxury of a cigar as long as I could get it 
 for a rupee, but the price has come up to three 
 rupees each now, and I cannot afford that. Provi- 
 sions are not always to be had even at the above- 
 mentioned fearfully high prices, and money is of no 
 use to me now, except for the immediate requirements 
 which I can occasionally have for it. Indeed, I never 
 thought I could ever come to care so little for rupees 
 as I do now, and my only wonder is, how any of us 
 can at such a time at all attach importance to such 
 dross. 
 
 On the 3rd of September we observed some move- 
 ment among the " Babalogue, " and distinctly saw 
 their regiments marching off towards Cawnpore. 
 Ungud had assured us that Nana Sahib and his troops 
 had been beaten and driven out of Cawnpore and 
 Bithoor, and that the massacre of our women and 
 children there had been fearfully avenged. But he 
 also affirmed that the Nana had escaped, he be- 
 lieved, to Lucknow, and that, at all events, a 
 great number of the troops and guns of the beaten 
 army of that ruffian had joined the forces of the 
 insurgents here. We might, therefore, expect an 
 
Sept.] ON THE ALERT. 207 
 
 attack ; as the insurgents said, the Bailey-guard once 
 in their possession, they could easily withstand the 
 forces that were coming to our relief. 
 
 We were, therefore, constantly under arms, day 
 and night, and slept with our accoutrements on and 
 our muskets by our sides. We were often, during 
 the night, called out; for the enemy, in order to 
 harass us, several times began a tremendous fire, 
 and shouting and screaming, as if about to attack us. 
 These were, however, only false alarms ; except once, 
 when they actually made an assault, but a very feeble 
 one, on the Bailey-guard, easily repulsed by our 
 sepoys, under command of a gallant officer. Lieu- 
 tenant Aitkin. 
 
 On the 4th, we observed a stir and unusual bustle 
 in the city. A thousand conjectures were accord- 
 ingly afloat about it. Whether they were preparing 
 for another assault, or making ready to oppose our 
 coming troops, or plundering the town over again, 
 we, at the time, could not tell. 
 
 Captain Fulton and the engineer officers under him 
 meanwhile had discovered other mining operations of 
 the enemy. Lieut. Clery (32nd), who at that time 
 commanded Sago*s garrison, in the most dashing 
 manner made a reconnaissance on the enemy's side, 
 crowded with insurgents, and superintended the 
 sinking of a shaft in a most exposed post. One mine 
 
208 SIEGE OF LUCKNOW. [Sept. 
 
 was found to be directed at the Financial garrison ; 
 and a counter-mine was at once commenced, under 
 the superintendence of Lieutenant M*Leod Innes, 
 who succeeded in not only blowing it up, but also 
 the miners who were in it at the time. Lieutenant 
 Hutchinson also countermined against another gal- 
 lery of theirs, intended to destroy the Brigade Mess. 
 The enemy perceiving this, however, stopped in their 
 work, and left it unfinished. A third mine, which 
 they then constructed against the Financial garrison, 
 was taken by Lieutenant Innes, who entered it by a 
 subterranean passage he had excavated, and blew 
 the whole of it up. 
 
 We had, also, under Captain Fulton's directions, 
 strengthened our defences near the Cawnpore bat- 
 tery, which had become now a very strong place, 
 and fortified the Bailey-guard and Dr. Fajrrer's garri- 
 son with newly constructed batteries. 
 
 On the 5th, the insurgents made another attack 
 upon us. They began, as usual, with the explosion 
 of mines. One they sprung near the Brigade Mess, 
 the uncompleted one ; it was innocuous. Another 
 they blew up near Sago's garrison ; the house rocked 
 and shook as if it were about to fall down, but the 
 mine proved short of its aim. A third they fired 
 near Grubbins's battery; but it, too, did no harm. 
 They advanced to the Brigade Mess boldly enough ; 
 
Sept.] QUIET DAYS. 209 
 
 but more than a hundred bodies were soon strewn 
 on the ground, and they retreated. The officers who 
 garrisoned the Brigade Mess had not missed a single 
 shot. They then attempted to assault the Bailey- 
 guard, against which point they opened a terrific fire 
 of great gims ; but ours soon silenced them, and a 
 few withering rounds of grape made lanes of death 
 in their ranks, and scattered the assailants like chaff 
 before the wind. At Innes's outpost, also, where 
 they approached close enough, we drove them back, 
 and the Bhoosa-guard, Gubbins's, Sago's, and the 
 Financial garrisons, were equally successful. The 
 attack lasted scarcely an hour. We had again van- 
 quished the foe. 
 
 The next two days were unusually quiet. We 
 were so accustomed to the constant unceasing crack 
 of the enemy's musketry, that we felt uncomfortable 
 if we did not hear it. And, besides, we always sus- 
 pected the "Babalogue** to be up to mischief on 
 those quiet days, which, indeed, were generally the 
 precursors of explosions of mines or of assaults. 
 And at such times, too, we usually lost more men 
 than on fighting days. Diuring the latter, we were 
 careful to keep under cover, and to kill, without, if 
 possible, exposing ourselves to being killed. But 
 during the former a few well-aimed shots from the 
 
210 SIEGE OF LUCKNOW. [Sept. 
 
 rifles of the late king's African eunuchs and other 
 first-rate sharpshooters, often deprived us of three, 
 four, and even more stout English hearts. We were 
 then more careless of walking about the premises, and 
 were picked off in the midst of the most peaceful 
 occupations. One poor soldier, I remember, who was 
 standing talking with me, every now and then giving 
 a few puffs of guava-leaf smoke from his self-manu- 
 factured wooden pipe, suddenly fell dead at my feet. 
 A rifle bullet had pierced his temples. 
 
 Things, however, began to take their usual course, — 
 fusilade and cannonade all round, the latter particu- 
 larly from sunrise to nine o'clock A.M., and from four 
 o'clock P.M. to sunset. Their shots are usually well 
 directed, and their shells are principally aimed at the 
 centre of the Begum Kothy, where the ofiicers of the 
 commissariat and staff, and of the brigade mess, usually 
 discussed their dinner. From the manner in which 
 they aim their shots and shells, I suspect they are 
 acquainted with the natu: of all the different loca- 
 lities within our entrenchments. They no doubt 
 obtain more correct information of what we are doingf, 
 than we do of them. For aught we know of what 
 is going on in the city of Lucknow twenty yards away 
 from us, we might as well be in Kamtschatka as 
 here. I fear also we shot several of our own spies 
 
Sept.] DEATH OF CAPTAIN FULTON. 211 
 
 attempting to come to iis with letters. Indeed, 
 Ungud says it is less dangerous to pass through the 
 enemy's ranks, than to come under the vigilance of 
 our own sentries. 
 
 I had from the beginning of this month joined 
 Innes's outpost. There was greater honour in being 
 attached to this place, — more fighting to be seen; 
 and having, besides, no longer a room to myself, I 
 was desirous of some tolerable shelter. It was mar- 
 tyrdom to attempt to sleep at the Bhoosa-guard ; 
 the musquitoes, the fleas, the pestilential atmosphere 
 from the slaughter-house close by, were all far worse 
 than the balls, carcases, and shells which were con- 
 stantly discharged at our outpost, with a view no 
 doubt to set fire to so combustible a material as the 
 Bhoosa. 
 
 On the 14th of September we had to deplore an 
 irreparable calamity, the death of the gallant Cap- 
 tain Fulton. He had been visiting Gubbins's bat- 
 tery to examine the enemy's movements, when a 
 9-pounder, entering by an embrasure, took his head 
 clean off. The universal grief with which this news 
 was received by all classes of the community in the 
 garrison was second only to that of Sir Henry Law- 
 rence's death. Captain Fulton, like that much- 
 lamented chief, was kind to all who acted under him. 
 p s 
 
212 SIEGE OF LUCKNOW. [Sept. 
 
 He was one for whose genius all had the highest 
 respect, and who commanded the gratitude of us all. 
 As I said before, during a siege, a man's value easily 
 becomes known, particularly when his office is one of 
 importance. 
 
 Brigadier Inglis, who lost in him one of his ablest 
 counsellors and most active subordinates, thus speaks 
 of him in his report on the siege : " Captain Fulton, 
 who was also struck by a round shot, had up to the 
 time of his early and lamented death, afforded me the 
 most invaluable aid ; he was indeed indefatigable." 
 
 Captain J. C. Anderson (Madras Engineers), who 
 succeeded Captain Fulton as garrison engineer, and 
 who in his report to the Brigadier of the Residency 
 defences, with a noble self-denial (rarely to be met 
 with in a man) depreciating his own important ser- 
 vices in order that those of others, high and lowly, 
 might appear more prominent, thus mentions Cap- 
 tain Fulton and the officers working under him : — 
 
 " Captain Fulton became the senior engineer offi- 
 cer on the demise of Major Anderson, on the 11th of 
 August. He had constructed the greater portion of the 
 defences, powder magazines, &c., and up to the day of 
 his death displayed the most unremitting energy, in 
 spite of bad health, in advancing our work. In par- 
 ticular, he took a most active part in foiling the 
 
( 
 
 Sept.] EULOGY ON CAPTAIN FULTON. 213 
 
 enemy's attempts to destroy our advanced posts by 
 mineSj and the manner in which he conducted the 
 blasting operations during our sorties invariably ex- 
 cited the admiration of all who were present, officers 
 and men. 
 
 " In the performance of the above-mentioned and 
 engineering operations generally, he received the 
 most able and imtiring assistance from Lieutenants 
 Hutchinson, Innes, and Tulloch, and the late Lieute- 
 nant Birch ; and latterly, since Captain Fulton's death, 
 I have received much assistance from Lieutenant 
 Hay. The active part I myself have taken in the 
 superintendence of works has been small, owing to 
 my having sufifered from continued ill health. 
 
 " Finally, I beg to bring to the notice of the 
 Brigadier the excellent services performed by the 
 late Mr. Carey, head accountant to the chief engineer, 
 who had been sergeant-major of Sappers, and who 
 jWas recommended by Major Anderson for the rank of 
 t field engineer; of the late Mr. Supervisor 
 ett; Mr. Beale, overseer, and Sergeant Eyder, 
 t overseer, — all of whom have left families 
 ind them." 
 
 The mention of the other names in Captain An- 
 lerson's report reminds me of several other losses 
 e sustained. Lieutenant Birch, the son of the 
 
 P 3 
 
214 SIEGE OF LUCKNOW. [Sept. 
 
 late Colonel Birch, of the 41st Native Infantry, 
 who was shot at Seetapore by his own men, 
 met with his death by a European hand. He 
 was attached to the engineering department, and, 
 with Lieutenant Huxham, of the 48th, Captain 
 Boileau, and Lieutenant Keir, proceeded, towards 
 eight o'clock in the evening, out of our entrench- 
 ments, at the Bhoosa-guard, to examine a sus- 
 pected mine. Captain Boileau and Lieutenant 
 Keir were returning, when Lieutenant Birch again 
 went to the place he had started from. He had a 
 cigar in his mouth, and the light of it was very plain 
 in the dark. A soldier of the 32nd, at Grubbins's 
 garrison, next to the Bhoosa-guard, seeing this, and 
 believing the object to be an enemy with mischievous 
 intent, to blow up a mine for aught he knew, fired. 
 
 The ball struck Birch in the abdomen. He 
 fell. Huxham left him for an instant, and came 
 hurriedly in to ask for assistance to carry him inside. 
 I went out along with him and Mr. Keir. The un- 
 fortunate gentleman was perfectly conscious, and on 
 our attempting to reassure him, smiled sadly, and 
 said, " I know it's all over with me." He expired 
 the same night. 
 
 A message had been sent to Major Apthorp, 
 commanding Gubbins's garrison, apprising him of 
 
Sept.] CHARACTER OF DEPRAT. 215 
 
 Lieutenant Birch's intention of proceeding out, 
 and requesting him to order the sentinels not to 
 fire. The order had accordingly been given; but 
 unfortunately it just then happened that the sentries 
 were relieved, and the relieving sentinel was not 
 made aware of the fact. The man who had fired 
 was, therefore, held blameless ; but the soldier who 
 had failed to convey the order to his comrade was 
 placed under arrest. It was sad, very sad, to meet 
 death at the hand of a countryman ! 
 
 The death of my poor friend Deprat affected me 
 considerably. Generous in the extreme, hospitable, 
 warm-hearted, kind, — one could forgive his faults, 
 though they were many. With a head to conceive, 
 he lacked perseverance to continue. Trusting im- 
 plicitly in his honour, I discovered, when too late, 
 that his habitual idleness and culpable negligence 
 rendered nugatory all his principles of honesty. He 
 'lied above 4000 rupees in my debt, and his books 
 carcely showed half that amount. His testament 
 was informal, and his papers in the greatest confusion. 
 He had documents proving a very large claim against 
 Government, in the hands of Mr. Martin, the deputy- 
 commissioner ; but as he leaves no relatives who 
 would prosecute these claims, it is not likely that his 
 creditors will ever benefit by them. But I little 
 
 P 4 
 
 t 
 
216 SIEGE OF LUCKNOW. [Sept. 
 
 thought of this at the time. We, — that is, three of 
 his friends and myself, — carried him to his grave. 
 
 The corpse of Captain Cunliffe, who died the same 
 day, was thrown into the same hole, and a short 
 prayer finished the ceremony. 
 
 On this occasion, I observed the striking difference 
 of conduct between our Protestant chaplain and the 
 Catholic clergyman. During the lifetime of Mr. De- 
 prat none received greater favour at the deceased's 
 hands than Father Bernard ; yet because it poured 
 bullets and rain, forsooth ! the Padre objected to ac- 
 company the body to the churchyard, alleging that 
 Mr. Deprat's religious views were of a very loose 
 kind, and that he did not deserve Christian burial. 
 Mr. Harris, however, the Protestant clergyman, pre- 
 pared to go, and thus at last shamed the Father into 
 compliance. He reluctantly went, and mumbled a few 
 unintelligible words, meant to be Latin, and hurriedly 
 took himself off, leaving the poor French gentleman's 
 body to be buried like a dog, for there were not even 
 gravediggers ready; and we were obliged, therefore, 
 to lower it ourselves, as best we could, into a hole 
 almost filled with water. Mr. Harris, however, read 
 the beautiful burial service over poor Captain Cun- 
 liffe's body, and we took it as intended for Deprat 
 as well. 
 
Sept.] DEPRAT's MILITARY EXPERIENCES. 217 
 
 Deprat, a man of a good family in France, for- 
 merly a soldier and afterwards an officer of the Chas- 
 sem-s d'Afrique, had gone through all the campaigns 
 in Algiers imder Lamoricidre, Cavaignac, Changamier, 
 Pelissier, and Canrobert. The Nana of Cawnpore, 
 who visited him when last at Lucknow, long before 
 the mutinies broke out, knew this ; and, instigated 
 by Azimoollah, his chief adviser, a man who had 
 travelled in Europe and had a perfect acquaintance 
 with the English, and a tolerable one with the French 
 language, sent a letter and messenger to Deprat, 
 offering him the command of his troops and a fortune, 
 if he would join him. Deprat's imperfect knowledge 
 of Hind ostanee made me become the repository of 
 this secret, and to convey the reply. " No ! " said 
 he ; "I cannot do so. It is too late now ; for I have 
 already sought the protection of the British, and 
 shall not desert them at such a time as this. Be- 
 sides, what can there be in common between myself 
 and assassins of women and children ? Tell this to 
 the Nana and AzimooUah, and be off; for if you are 
 here half an hour hence I '11 have you hanged. Here 
 are twenty rupees. Go quickly ! " I urged Deprat 
 strongly to report the matter to the chief, and to 
 have the messenger hanged, — who, by the bye, was 
 also the first to communicate to us the Nana's success, 
 
218 SIEGE OF LUCKNOW. [Sept. 
 
 as he called it; but Deprat would not hear of it; 
 and having taken the precaution to enjoin me to se- 
 crecy before, I could not then speak of it. Besides, 
 it would have done no good ; for the messenger had 
 lost no time in returning into the city, and probably 
 to Cawnpore. 
 
 Throughout the siege Deprat behaved splendidly. 
 At Grubbins's battery he acted as an artillery officer 
 as well as a rifleman, and he performed some deeds 
 of bootless boldness which none but a Frenchman 
 or a madman would think of. " Come on ! " would 
 he often shout in his broken Hindostanee ; " come 
 on, ye cowardly sons of defiled mothers! are you 
 afraid to advance ? Are you men or women ? " And 
 then the reply. " Cursed dog of an infidel ! I know 
 thee ! Thou art Deprat the Frenchman, living near 
 the iron bridge. We '11 yet kill you. Be sure of 
 this. Here goes ! " and a rifle-ball would whistle 
 past his ears. 
 
 Deprat died in the greatest agony. His facial 
 bone was shattered to pieces ; but he was actually re- 
 covering, when his own imprudence aggravated the 
 wound, and he expired above a month after he had 
 received it. Some time previously we had a theo- 
 logical discussion together. "I deny," said he, 
 "that there is a Providence. Just see the justice 
 
Sept.] AXECDOTE. 219 
 
 of your Providence. Here is a good man like Pole- 
 hampton dead, and a rascal like myself still li\ing, 
 and likely to get out of it too. I am sure I shall 
 not be killed." He was mistaken. He must know 
 by this time whether there is a Providence or not. 
 
 There were several other casualties of officers 
 and civilians besides those I have named. Captain 
 Cunlifife, who died of typhus fever, was a sad loss 
 to us. We could little spare artillery officers. For- 
 timately this branch was reinforced by Captain 
 Evans, Bombay Army, who, as commandant of a gun 
 and mortar battery, did capital service. Captain 
 Thomas is now the only one not wounded. Let us 
 hope no misfortune may befall him. Several ser- 
 geants, who acted as artillery officers, were also 
 killed. Unfortimately I do not remember their 
 names. Carey and Barrett, whom I have already 
 noticed, were most invaluable men ; indefatigable 
 and active. Both died from over-fatigue. A civilian 
 named Clausey was shot dead at the Judicial gar- 
 rison ; and another, named C. Brown, had a bullet 
 through his stomach near a passage where fifteen 
 others bad been wounded before him. This poor 
 fellow, while actually dying, no sooner recognised 
 me than he whispered, while I bent over him, " How 
 is poor Deprat?" To forget his own suflferings and 
 
220 SIEGE OF LUCKNOW. [Sept. 
 
 to be able to think over those of another fellow 
 creature, was indeed sublime. Here, at least, was 
 no selfishness. 
 
 The death of Lieutenant Graham, of the Oude Ir- 
 regular Cavalry, was more than ordinarily frightful, 
 even in times like those of the siege. He died by 
 his own hand. A pistol ball through the head 
 ended his life. Poor Grraham ! we had become great 
 friends. He was so kind, so amiable, so good, so 
 brave ! But his privations and sufferings, and fret- 
 ting, and a slight fever he had had in consequence 
 deranged his intellect, and he was half crazy when 
 he committed suicide. 
 
 Of wounded there were fewer than killed. The 
 enemy's rifles are usually fatal. At our garrison. 
 (Innes's outpost) young Mr. Alone was shot through 
 the right hand ; his bone was fractured, but he 
 eventually recovered. 
 
 I shall not weary my readers now with a detailed 
 narrative of the events which succeeded the attack of 
 the 5 th of September. The fire of the enemy, our 
 annoyances and troubles, the deaths of our unfor- 
 tunate European comrades, the feeble attacks the 
 insurgents afterwards made, are of a sameness that 
 will not interest the reader. I shall, therefore, 
 hurriedly pass over this period of the siege, and 
 merely copy a few brief notes from my diary. 
 
Sept.] SIGNS OF REINFORCEMENTS. 221 
 
 September 2lst. — Much the same as usual. The 
 weather is now getting pleasant ; the mornings and 
 evenings are quite cool. Yesterday, however, we 
 had heavy rain, and to-day the same pelting rain 
 continues quite steadily all night. This I know to 
 my cost, as I am nearly blown off my legs in the 
 hurricane of wind and rain while on night sentry. 
 
 September 22nd. — Kaining still. Spies came in 
 last night. Grenerals Outram and Havelock are ac- 
 tually coming to our relief. This is true ! How can 
 I describe my joy at even the bare thought of our 
 being relieved ! 
 
 September 23rd, - — From ten A.M. to four p.m. a 
 furious cannonade is raging outside the city, at a con- 
 siderable distance from it. Our fellows must be 
 hammering the very souls out of the insurgents' car- 
 cases. The commotion in the city seems tremendous. 
 The fire keeps approaching. Hui'rah ! 
 
 September 2^th. — We hear a distant cannonade, 
 but our troops are evidently quieter. The city, how- 
 ever, seems awfully disquieted. Noises of all sorts 
 are heard day and night. The bridge of boats can 
 be seen with a telescope from the terrace of the post 
 office covered with flying " Babalogue." 
 
222 SIEGE OF LUCKNOW. [Sept. 
 
 CHAP. XIII. 
 
 HAVELOCK's reinforcements arrive. — THE TWENTY- 
 FIFTH OF SEPTEMBER. 
 
 Our Reinforcements amve. — Street Fighting. — Providence. — Our 
 Friends enthusiastically received. — The Cawnpore Massacre. — 
 My Agent's Death. — News of the Indian Stations. — A Feast. — 
 The Hornpipe. — Havelock's Victories. — The Nana, — A fit Re- 
 tribution. — The Cawnpore Slaughter-house. — Havelock defeats 
 the Enemy in every Engagement. — His Return to Cawnpore. — 
 General Outram's characteristic Generosity. — Advance upon 
 Lucknow. — The Volunteer Cavalry. — The Storming of the 
 
 Alumbagh. — Reception of the Enemy's Cavalry The Battle of 
 
 the Charbagh. — A wily Foe. — Fire from the Kaiserbagh. — 
 The Bagpipe a rare Instrument of Salvation. — Every House a 
 Fort. — The " Forlorn Hope." — General Neill's Death. 
 
 We were now pretty certain tliat a severe conflict 
 was raging outside. Though strict orders had been 
 given not to leave our respective garrisons, I felt too 
 excited to obey the command, and quietly stole off 
 to the Eesidency terrace. I could see nothing but 
 smoke, and hear the crack of the musketry. Street- 
 fighting was evidently going on. The fire advanced 
 gradually and steadily towards our entrenchments. 
 
Sept.] JOYOUS GREETING OF OUR DELIVERERS. 223 
 
 and at last a loud shout proclaimed the arrival 
 of the long expected reinforcements. 
 
 The immense enthusiasm with which they were 
 greeted, defies description. As their hurrah and 
 ours rang in my ears, I was nigh bursting with 
 joy. The tears started involuntarily into my eyes, 
 and I felt, — no ! it is impossible to describe in 
 words that sudden sentiment of relief, that mingled 
 feeling of hope and pleasure, that came over me. 
 The criminal condemned to death, and, just when 
 he is about to be launched into eternity, is re- 
 prieved and pardoned, or the shipwrecked sailor, 
 whose hold on the wreck is relaxing, and is suddenly 
 rescued, can alone form an adequate idea of our feel- 
 ings. We felt not only happy, happy beyond imagin- 
 ation, and gi-ateful to that God of Mercy who, by 
 our noble deliverers. Generals Havelock and Outram, 
 and their gallant troops, had thus snatched us from 
 imminent death ; but we also felt proud of the de- 
 fence we had made, and the success with which, with 
 such fearful odds to contend against, we had pre- 
 served, not only our own lives, but the honour and 
 lives of the women and children entrusted to our 
 keeping. 
 
 As our deliverers poured in, they continued to 
 greet us with loud hurrahs; and, as each garrison 
 
224 SIEGE OF LUCKNOW. [Sept. 
 
 heard it, we sent up one fearful shout to heaven, 
 " Hurrah ; " it was not, " God help us," — it was the 
 first rallying cry of a despairing host. Thank Grod, we 
 then gazed upon new faces of our countrymen. We 
 ran up to them, officers and men without distinc- 
 tion, and shook them by the hands, how cordially 
 who can describe? The shrill tones of the High- 
 landers' bagpipes now pierced our ears. Not the 
 most beautiful music ever was more welcome, more 
 joy-bringing. And these brave men themselves, 
 many of them bloody and exhausted, forgot the loss 
 of their comrades, the pain of their wounds, the 
 fatigue of overcoming the fearful obstacles they 
 had combated for our sakes, in the pleasure of having 
 accomplished our relief. 
 
 How eagerly we listened to their stories ! With 
 what sentiments of gi-atitude, and pride, and plea- 
 sure, we heard what sympathy our isolated position 
 had excited, not only throughout India, but in 
 all classes of people in England! With what 
 anxiety we, who had been shut out of all com- 
 munication with the rest of the world, listened to 
 the news they brought us of the other stations of 
 India ! We now heard the true particulars of the 
 Cawnpore massacre for the first time. But we also 
 heard how fearfully that gallant officer, Brigadier 
 
Sept.] THE CAWNPORE MASSACRE. 225 
 
 Neill, had exacted vengeance for the dishonour and 
 murder of our countrywomen, the relatives and 
 friends of many in the garrison. It was with grief 
 and sorrow, mingled with a savage delight at the ven- 
 geance inflicted upon at least some of the murderers, 
 that we received this news. 
 
 My poor agent and friend, S. Greenway and his 
 whole family, I now heard, had fallen victims to the 
 brutality and treachery of the mutineers, and my 
 agent, Mr. Archer, had shared the same fate at Alla- 
 habad. The particulars of the mutinies at Benares, 
 and Dinapore, and Allahabad, and the defence of 
 Arrah, Futtygurh, and the fighting before Agra and 
 Delhi, and the accoimt of the state of the Punjab, 
 all mterested us intensely. We put question after 
 question, faster than they could answer; and now 
 our gallant deliverers went over their victories and 
 triumphs again, and we listened wdth breathless 
 attention. It was now their turn to question us ; 
 and as they expressed their admiration and surprise 
 at the struggle we had maintained, we felt, if pos- 
 sible, still greater pride and pleasure. 
 
 But our new friends were hungry and thirsty, and in 
 our selfish joy we had forgotten this. They at last sat 
 down to the repast that was spread out for them un- 
 sparingly, for who could think of economy amid such 
 Q 
 
226 SIEGE OF LUCKNOW. [Sept. 
 
 general rejoicing. It was not sumptuous, but it was 
 good, and was seasoned by that best of all sauces, 
 hunger. But one grief, one great sorrow damped 
 the universal joy, — the death of one of their bravest 
 and most beloved leaders, Greneral Neill. Yet even 
 this loss was momentarily forgotten, and the evening 
 found some of us dancing the hornpipe to the sounds 
 of the Highlanders' pibroch. The remembrance of 
 that happy evening will never be effaced from my 
 memory. Of course we could not sleep that night. 
 It was three o'clock when I retired to bed. 
 
 The next morning we learnt how dearly the ac- 
 complishment of the noble enterprise they had 
 undertaken had been paid for. The first force des- 
 tined to relieve us had been very small. Still, with 
 scarce more than fifteen hundred men, Greneral 
 Havelock succeeded in beating the enemy wherever he 
 met them. The first engagement had been at Futty- 
 pore. Nana Sahib's army consisted then of about 
 7000 men ; the manoeuvres of their Greneral were 
 excellent, but the hostile cavalry, as usual, had 
 not much pluck. Our troops beat them with the 
 loss of some 2000 killed, and took almost all 
 their guns. Two more actions were fought before 
 they arrived before Cawnpore. In both Havelock 
 was successful. 
 
Sept.] NEILL VICTORIOUS AT CAWNPORE. 227 
 
 The Xana, furious at the defeat of his armies, 
 like the coward and ruffian he is, ordered the murder 
 of all the women and children who had been saved 
 from the first Cawnpore massacre. But Neill now 
 approached with his 1st Madras Fusiliers, 78 th 
 Highlanders, Sikhs, and Coopers' Artillery, and Vo- 
 lunteer Cavalry, and, notwithstanding the inferiority 
 of his numbers, defeated the enemy's forces in a 
 pitched battle, not far from the town of Cawnpore 
 itself. 
 
 At last the Nana's craven heart gave way. He fled, 
 and his army of boasting sepoys with him. They 
 >et fire to the magazine, and deserted the station : a 
 fortunate circumstance, since, had any resistance 
 1 leen made from the houses, it is more than probable 
 That our troops would have been so fearfully cut up, 
 that they, with their reduced numbers, would scarcely 
 have kept possession of Cawnpore, even if successful. 
 Xeill's men had fought for some hours, and were too 
 xhausted to follow up their victory. They en- 
 camped before Cawnpore, 15th July, and entered it 
 next day. 
 
 Some prisoners were made, Mohammedans and 
 high-caste Brahmins, to whom the mere touch of a 
 (lead man's bone is pollution. They were taken to 
 the house where our unfortunate ladies and children 
 
 Q 2 
 
228 SIEGE OF LUCKNOW. [Sept. 
 
 had met death at the hands of ruffians whom no en- 
 treaties or tears had moved, and who in the execu- 
 tion of their horrible office had felt no remorse and 
 no pity; who had torn infants from their mothers' 
 breasts, and bayoneted the babes before their very 
 eyes, in order to make the few minutes before the 
 murder of the parents themselves even more ago- 
 nising. 
 
 The floor was still black with congealed blood; 
 and large bunches of long hair, probably torn out 
 by the cowardly executioners of the Nana's will, were 
 scattered about ; the walls were covered with the 
 bloody finger-marks of little babes and children and 
 the delicate hands of wounded females ; and bibles, 
 ladies' apparel, and even a complete diary, strewed 
 about, showed that the ladies had occupied the room. 
 G-eneral Neill took fearful vengeance. 
 
 The prisoners — some of whom, if not all, were 
 no doubt actors in that wholesale slaughter of de- 
 fenceless women and helpless children — were made 
 not only to clean the whole house, but forced to lick 
 up the blood, which, by throwing water on it had 
 been made liquid again : and after they had thus 
 completely lost their caste, and were, in their own 
 opinions, no longer fit to approach their gods after 
 death, they were hanged, or blown from the cannon's 
 
Sept.] HAVELOCK's VICTORIES. 229 
 
 mouth. The well into which the victims to sepoy 
 cruelty had been thrown, was blocked up, and 
 ;i prayer read and a hymn sung over this their 
 common grave.* 
 
 Neill had now joined Havelock with a small rein- 
 forcement, and after having fortified Cawnpore, or 
 rather erected a strong entrenchment opposite the 
 bridge of boats at that station, he crossed the river 
 to effect our relief. At 3Iagarwar, at Unnao, at 
 Busheergunge, the insurgents were everywhere de- 
 feated. Havelock's victories had, however, cost dear, 
 and another foe still more terrible — the cholera- 
 had swept away many of the brave men, who had 
 Ivanced to our relief. He was, therefore, compelled 
 to recross the river. Again, however, they advanced ; 
 again they beat the foe in every engagement, and 
 battled successfully with unheard of hardships, — the 
 most inclement weather, cold, heat, rain, sleepless 
 nights, fatigue, hunger, thirst. Another engagement 
 at Unnao, and one at Busheergunge, ended in the 
 diHpersion of the rebels, the loss of several of their 
 g\ms, and the death of many hundreds of their men. 
 
 But the Nana had reassembled a considerable force, 
 iid threatened not only to harass his rear, but to at- 
 
 ♦ It has been proposed to erect a church over this monument of 
 irbarian cruelty. May this intention be carried out! 
 
230 SIEGE OF LUCKNOW. [Sept. 
 
 tack Cawnpore itself, now denuded of all but a few 
 hundreds of our troops. Havelock accordingly again 
 fell back, made the Nana fly before him a second 
 time at Magarwar, and, returning to Bithoor, took 
 that place by storm, killed more than a thousand 
 sepoys, and again dispersed the rebels. It was 
 useless to endeavour to fight his way into Lucknow 
 with the handful of men that remained. The loss 
 they subsequently experienced goes far to prove that 
 the course Greneral Havelock had pursued was a wise 
 one. His apparent vacillation was condemned at 
 the time ; but he could not have done otherwise 
 than return. Had he pursued the enemy into their 
 strongholds at Lucknow, the likelihood is, that scarcely 
 one of his 800 men would have come out of the 
 fight alive. Lucknow would have been another 
 Thermopylae, and our own position within the en- 
 trenchment would have been endangered, perhaps 
 hopelessly. 
 
 Havelock remained at Cawnpore as short a time 
 as possible, but did not again leave before he had 
 obtained ample reinforcements. Greneral Sir James 
 Outram had joined him with a considerable number 
 of detachments from various regiments, and might, 
 had he felt so disposed, have assumed the command 
 to which his superior rank entitled him : but with 
 
Sept.] ADVANCE UPON LUCKXOW. 231 
 
 rare generosity he placed himself under Havelock's 
 orders, saying, "It would be unfair, after all the efforts 
 he had made to secure Lucknow, that Havelock 
 should be debarred from the honour of having suc- 
 ceeded in relieving the beleaguered garrison." 
 
 Again Havelock recrossed the Granges about the 
 19th of September, in a little steamer which had 
 been brought up to Cawnpore, as well as over the 
 bridge of boats. The enemy attempted to prevent 
 the crossing, but one of our shells, thrown right 
 among their horse batteries, killed eleven or twelve 
 of their gunners, and the rest decamped after we had 
 once crossed. 
 
 Havelock's little army, composed of about 2500 
 men of all arms, was formed into two brigades. 
 The first consisted of H. M. 5th Fusiliers, detach- 
 ments of H. M. 64th and 84th regiments, and the 
 invincible Ist Madras Fusiliers, who had been present 
 at all the previous engagements, fighting by the side 
 of those well-known gallant fellows the 78th High- 
 landers. The second brigade consisted of H. M. 78th 
 Highlanders and H. M. 90th Light Infantry, and 
 was commanded by Brigadier Cameron. To the latter 
 were also attached a body of Irregular Cavalry 
 ' natives) and Captain Olphert's horse battery, while 
 to the former were added Captain Maude's bullock 
 
 Q 4 
 
232 SIEGE OF LUCKNOW. [Sept. 
 
 battery and the Volunteer Cavalry, who were about 
 150 strong. The left wing of the Volunteers was com- 
 posed of men drafted from various infantry regiments, 
 and the right was composed of officers, private gentle- 
 men, and civilians, who had volunteered to assist in 
 aiding us, more for the sake of seeing some service, 
 than for the handsome salaries they got. These 
 were constantly exposed to the enemy's fire, not only 
 in action, but during the numerous reconnoitring 
 parties they had to undertake. 
 
 Havelock's army had not advanced very far when 
 they were attacked about five miles away from their 
 first encamping ground. The enemy had planted 
 several batteries of light field-pieces behind some 
 broken ground, and began firing as soon as they 
 came within reach. The first shots were aimed with 
 great precision and did our men some injury ; but 
 as they advanced, and our heavy guns began to play 
 on them, their artillerymen lost heart, fired less 
 carefully, and at last fled, leaving in our hands four 
 12-pounders and a considerable amount of am- 
 munition. Our cavalry was soon after them, and cut 
 up about sixty or seventy of their infantry. 
 
 On the next day, the 23rd, our men came to 
 within a short distance of the Alumbagh (" the garden 
 of the Lady Alurriy'' or beauty of the world). This 
 
Sept.] STORMING OF THE ALUMBAGH. 233 
 
 consists of a very fine pukka (brick-built) house, a 
 mosque close by, an emumbarah, or place of worship, 
 several smaller outhouses, and a very fine building, 
 containing a magnificent well. A splendid garden is 
 attached to it, and the whole is surrounded, as far as 
 the main road, by a splendid and extensive park. 
 
 They found the enemy drawn up before the build- 
 ings in excellent position ; their left resting on the 
 Alumbagh itself, and their centre and right protected 
 by some rising ground. As soon as our forces ap- 
 peared, the enemy's guns opened upon them, killing 
 several of our officers and men ; but as regiment after 
 regiment deployed into line, and our guns, which 
 were brought up with some difficulty, owing to the 
 heavy rain which had fallen, and had made the fields 
 one extensive morass, at last played upon the insur- 
 gent columns, the enemy gradually retreated, and fell 
 back upon Alumbagh. A large gun, placed between 
 Havelock's position and the building, was captured 
 with a shout, and maintained, notwithstanding an 
 infernal fire kept up by the cannons in the Alum- 
 bagh. Our men then stormed and took the garden 
 itself, after an obstinate resistance; for the sepoys, 
 though cowards in the field, fight well behind walls. 
 Four more guns were also captured, — one by Capt. 
 Holmes's Irregulars, another by the Volunteers, and 
 
234 SIEGE OF LUCKNOW. [Sept. 
 
 two by our gallant infantry. Sir James Outram 
 himself, heading Captain Burrows's cavalry, pursued 
 them towards Lucknow, a portion of our infantry 
 also following. The enemy's guns, however, con- 
 tinued now to vomit forth grape and round shot, and 
 our men were compelled to halt. This encouraged 
 the mutineers, who continued to fire the whole of 
 that and the next day. 
 
 It was raining as it only rains in India. Tor- 
 rents poured down from the heavens, and our men, 
 drenched to the skin, were too exhausted to follow 
 up the enemy into the city on that day, the 23rd. 
 Their baggage had by this time arrived ; and, though 
 wet and uncomfortable, they halted on the 24th at 
 the camp formed at Alumbagh. Our men had lost, 
 on the 23rd alone, above sixty officers and men, 
 killed and wounded. 
 
 A regiment of the enemy's cavalry meanwhile, 
 stealing round by the canal, came on us to cut off 
 our baggage; and the soldiers of H.M. 90th, in 
 charge of it, believing them to be our own Irregulars, 
 allowed them to approach quite close ; nor did they 
 perceive their mistake till some brave officers and 
 men had been cut down by them. Then, however, 
 they turned upon them, and charging them with the 
 bayonet, after firing their Enfields, killed and un- 
 
Sept.] BATTLE OF THE CHARBAGH. 235 
 
 horsed about thirty or thirty-five, and, aided by 
 Captain Olphert's battery, that had come opportunely 
 to the rescue, put them to flight. 
 
 On the 25th, early in the morning, the assault of 
 the city was determined on by General Havelock. 
 Lucknow is encircled by a deep canal, dry in the hot 
 season, but at that time — during the rains — swollen 
 considerably. Its banks are precipitous and steep. 
 Had the enemy broken up the bridges leading over it, 
 the difficulties to be overcome would have increased a 
 hundred-fold. But they probably trusted in the re- 
 sistance they had determined to make. At the bridge 
 of the Charhagh (" four gardens "), at the outskirts of 
 the town, they found the enemy's guns planted in 
 great number behind a strong palisade, ready to 
 receive them. They did dreadful execution ; but, 
 nothing daunted at the lanes of death constantly 
 opened in their ranks. Sir James Outram himself, with 
 Brigadier Neill and his gallant Madras Regiment, 
 and the men of the 5th, 64th, and 84th regiments, 
 advanced and, surmounting every obstacle, took the 
 guns at the point of the bayonet, cutting down the 
 gunners or putting them to flight. 
 
 General Havelock, with the brave 78th and 90th, 
 following up the advantage gained, dashed in after 
 them. They had to fight for each inch of ground ; but 
 
236 SIEGE OF LUCKNOW. [Sept. 
 
 they successfully drove the enemy from one enclosure 
 into another, and from garden to garden. The cap- 
 tured guns they threw into the canal, after spiking 
 them. 
 
 Natives expect defeat ; and, foreseeing the event of 
 our men being successful in taking their first battery, 
 they had studded the road leading direct to the Eesi- 
 dency with all manner of obstacles, — palisades, guns, 
 stockades, barricades. One of their apparently 
 strongest batteries, too, had (as we afterwards learnt) 
 a deep ditch in front of it, covered over with thin bam- 
 boos and earth ; so that, on our men making a rush 
 upon it, they might all be precipitated within. Have- 
 lock, however, avoided all these obstacles, and making 
 a detour to the right, skirting the canal, the whole 
 force debouched at a street called Huzrutgunge, and 
 proceeded on their way to the palaces on the river- 
 side. 
 
 At the Kaiserbagh, or " King's Palace," the 
 enemy's fire was tremendous. Musketry, grape, and 
 round-shot poured in upon them with tremendous 
 effect. Hundreds fell, and, what was still worse, 
 a portion of our force lost their way. Unfortu- 
 nately, some ofiicer had called out " Cavalry to the 
 front," and the Cavalry accordingly galloped up, 
 but so crowded were the narrow streets^ that they 
 
Sept.] A NEW USE FOR THE BAGPU'E. 237 
 
 could not return to protect the baggage from falling 
 into the hands of the enemy. Among it were two 
 cartloads of shot, eight of provisions, and several 
 camels. 
 
 On this occasion the Highlanders' piper, who had 
 lost his way, suddenly found one of the enemy's 
 cavalry, sabre in hand, about to cut him down. His 
 rifle had been fired off, and he had no time to use his 
 bayonet. " A bright idea " — said he afterwards, 
 when relating the story — " struck me. All at once 
 I seized my pipe, put it to my mouth, and gave forth 
 a shrill tone, which so startled the fellow, that he 
 bolted like a shot, evidently imagining it was some 
 infernal machine. My pipe saved my life." 
 
 Meanwhile the enemy still kept up an inces- 
 sant fire from the houses, which were all loopholed. 
 Each house was a fortress, each fortress well garri- 
 soned. Desperate at their immense losses, without 
 being able to touch the rebels themselves, our men 
 pushed forward, and many rushed to the loopholes, 
 and fired into them. A party of ours had, however, 
 stormed the palaces of the Feradbuksh and Tehree 
 Kothee, and kept possession of them. Darkness was 
 fast coming on, and still the fight continued, still our 
 men dropped off one by one. 
 
 Generals Havelock, Outram, and Neill, taking a 
 
238 SIEGE OF LUCKNOW. [Sept. 
 
 detour, rushed forward at the head of the brave 
 JNIadras Regiment and 78th Highlanders, captured 
 another battery that opposed them, and, in spite of 
 every obstacle, carried all before them, and reached 
 the Eesidency. Lieutenants Hargood, Hudson, and 
 Havelock, Captain Alexander Orr, and Mr. W. Money, 
 General Outram's private secretary, had accompanied 
 this party, which might almost be styled the " Forlorn 
 Hope." They well deserved the praise for their gal- 
 lantry which was afterwards, in the despatches, be- 
 stowed on them. 
 
 Greneral Neill, that gallant soldier, here lost his 
 life. He had accomplished his object, having actually 
 arrived within our entrenchments, when he heard that 
 some of our heavy guns were in jeopardy. He gal- 
 loped out again; but while pushing onwards, he saw 
 a poor soldier, lying wounded on the roadside, call- 
 ing for water. Grenerously forgetful of his own dan- 
 ger, he stopped, and putting a flask of brandy and 
 water to the parched lips of his lowly companion in 
 arms, and promising him speedy aid, remounted his 
 horse. But scarcely had he done so, when a bullet 
 struck him in the head, and he fell. Our guns were, 
 however, saved by the intrepidity of our Madras Regi- 
 ment and Highlanders, who captured two standards 
 of the enemy's 5th Oude Irregulars at the same time. 
 
239 
 
 CHAP. XIV. 
 
 THE rWENTY-SKTH OF SEPTEMBER. 
 
 Horrible Fate of some of our Wounded. — Lieutenant Arnold's fright- 
 ful Situation.— Colonel Campbell's Position. — Colonel Napier and 
 " Hellfire-Jack." — Attack of Colonel Purcell and the 32nd.— 
 Noble devotion of our Sepoys. — Honour to whom Honour is due. 
 
 — Heroic Deaths Sir James Outrara. — Wounded Officers. — 
 
 Losses of the Volunteer Cavalry The 1st Madras Fusiliers and 
 
 78th Highlanders. — Sorrowful End of Lieutenant Jolie. — The 
 84th and 90th Regiments, — Havelock's heavy Sacrifice. — Our 
 true Saviours. — Ruined Condition of our Entrenchments. 
 
 The next day only, the 26th, when the remainder 
 of our troops, a portion of our baggage, almost all our 
 camels, and a number of our wounded came in, we 
 learnt what sacrifices our noble deliverers had had to 
 make in order to reach our position. Horrible to re- 
 late, a considerable number of our wounded had fallen 
 into the enemy's hands, and were partly burnt alive 
 lin their hospital litters (doolies), and partly cut up. 
 Many had died in the greatest agony, on the plain 
 before the Motymahal. Some of our dooly-bearers 
 having left the doolies on the roadside, a few were 
 next day brought in. 
 
 I was present when an unfortunate gentleman of 
 
240 SIEGE OF LUCKNOW. [Sept. 
 
 the name of Arnold, of the Madras Fusiliers, was 
 carried in. He was in perfect possession of his senses, 
 the loss of blood from two wounds having no doubt 
 prevented a fever at the time. The agony of mind 
 on being left alone during the whole night, far more 
 than the pain of his wounds, one in the arm, the other 
 in the leg,, was, according to his own description, 
 frightful. Often, he said, during that horrible night, 
 did he take his revolver to blow his brains out, that he 
 might not fall alive into the hands of the enemy ; but 
 he was allowed to remain unmolested, and the next 
 day had, as he said, the unspeakable happiness of 
 again seeing his brethren in arms, — private Eyan of 
 his regiment, and private M^Manus of the 5th, 
 having rescued him, and in the midst of a most 
 heavy fire carried him into a house in which a small 
 party of our men were themselves besieged and con- 
 tending against fearful odds. There these gallant 
 men remained till brought to us. Lieutenant Ar- 
 nold lingered some days and then expired. 
 
 The whole of the heavy guns, both our own and 
 those captured from the enemy, had been in an en- 
 closure near the Motymahal, together with a num- 
 ber of our wounded, guarded by a party of about 
 a hundred men under Colonel Campbell. These 
 were hard pressed, and it was in fact there that we 
 had lost so many of our wounded. They were re- 
 
Sept.] COLONEL NAPIER AND HELL-FIRE JACK. 241 
 
 inforced, by order of Colonel Napier on Sir J. 
 Outram's staff, by a party of about 250 men, guided 
 by Captain Moorsom, consisting of the 5th Fusiliers 
 under Major Simmons, and the Sikhs under Captain 
 Brasyer. They were themselves however surrounded 
 in a gateway which they occupied, and only relieved 
 on obtaining a further reinforcement of a company 
 of the 78th Highlanders under Colonel Stisted. 
 
 Mr. Kavanagh, a civilian, the head-assistant of the 
 Chief Commissioner's office, directed Colonel Napier 
 on this expedition through some intricate passages, 
 by a short cut, to the party they came to reinforce. 
 
 During the night. Colonel Napier managed to con- 
 vey all the remaining sick and wounded into the 
 Eesidency. Captain Hardinge of the old garrison also 
 aided the Colonel in every way with his sowars, and 
 brought in some camels loaded with Enfield rifles also. 
 One of our 24-pounders, which we had been obliged 
 to leave in a very dangerous position, was saved in a 
 daring manner by Captain Olpherts (Bengal Artil- 
 lery). This officer, who had always been in the very 
 thickest of the fight, and whom no bullet seemed 
 to injure, was the pride not only of his own men, 
 but of all the Europeans of the force. They had 
 given him the sobriquet of " Hell-fire Jack," for 
 wherever the fire was hottest, and the greatest 
 
242 SIEGE OF LUCKNOW. [Sept. 
 
 danger was to be faced, Captain Olpherts was sure 
 to be there. Aided by Captain Crump (Madras 
 Artillery), and private Duffy, who has since been 
 mentioned in the despatches and recommended 
 for the Victoria Cross, he succeeded not only in 
 extricating the gun from amidst the greatest diffi- 
 culties, but also in getting it safe into our entrench- 
 ments. Captain Crump (Artillery), a most brave 
 officer, was killed during this operation. 
 
 Our wounded had scarcely reached the palace gate, 
 meanwhile, when the enemy attempted too late to 
 prevent it, and attacked the rear guard. They were 
 driven back, however, with great slaughter. 
 
 Another party at the same time, under Colonel Pur- 
 cell, and reinforced by two of our most gallant soldiers. 
 Captains Brown and M'Cabe, of the 32nd, came upon 
 a party of sepoys, and drove them, after a fierce resist- 
 ance, from one of the gardens. Lieutenant Aitken 
 and Captain Lowe of the 32nd, each commanding 
 detachments, had also an opportunity of distinguish- 
 ing themselves, which they were not slow in seizing. 
 The former was accompanied by the gallant Lieute- 
 nant Cubitt, who was wounded, and the latter by 
 Captain Bassano and Lieutenant Cooke. 
 
 But to detail all the various operations performed on 
 those days, the 25th and 26th of September, — to enter 
 into all particulars, and to note down the distinguished 
 
Sept.] NOBLE DEVOTION OF OUR SEPOYS. 243 
 
 gallantry of our officers and men, — would weary the 
 reader. Suffice it to say, that we (the old garrison) 
 not only were relieved, but the palaces of the Furrad 
 Buksh and Tehree Kothee were taken possession of 
 by the 13th, under the command of Lieutenant 
 Aitken, and formed into new entrenchments, which 
 were afterwards of the greatest service to us. I must 
 not omit relating an incident which revealed great 
 nobleness of character in one of our native soldiers. 
 The 13th Sepoys having gone out to take and spike 
 the two guns under the Clock Tower, got suddenly 
 among the 78th Highlanders, and coming upon 
 the Bailey Gruard Battery, guarded by our sepoys, 
 and not knowing it to be within the Eesidency, 
 stormed it, and bayoneted three of our men, whom 
 they mistook for insurgents. They never resisted *, 
 "nd one of them waved his hand, and crying "Kootch 
 J wnvanni (never mind) ; it is all for the good cause; 
 welcome, friends ! ** fell and expired. 
 
 ♦ In justice to the faithful and gallant sepoys who stood by us in 
 Lucknow, I should state that out of 221 of the 13th, 75 were killed, 
 and about 80 were wounded ; only 22 deserted, 18 of whom were 
 Seikhs. Every native officer present during the siege was placed hois 
 de combat — 3 killed, and 9 wounded. The 18-pounder gun in the 
 Bailey Guard Battery Vas served solely by 13 sepoys, and they com- 
 pletely silenced on every occasion the 32-ponnder and 9-pounder 
 opposed to them, and thus saved the gateway from being battered 
 down. 
 
 B 2 
 
244 SIEGE OF LUCKNOW. [Sept. 
 
 Havelock had done that with 2500 men which 
 could scarcely have been hoped for from twice that 
 number. I have since heard the successful defence 
 that we had made lauded ; and, indeed, when Grenerals 
 Outram and Havelock visited the various outposts, 
 and witnessed our roofless houses and battered walls, 
 they expressed the greatest admiration at what they 
 were pleased to call our " unparalleled gallantry ; " but 
 our defence of the entrenchments is obscured by the 
 immense obstacles which Havelock's own army had to 
 overcome. To them, far more than to us, is praise due. 
 
 What we did was, after all, only what every Euro- 
 pean in similar circumstances would have done. We 
 fought for ourselves, Havelock for us. Our defence 
 was prompted by the love of life and the honour of 
 preserving our women; but the gallant troops of 
 Greneral Havelock relieved us, out of a chivalrous feel- 
 ing of honour and compassion for our distresses. And 
 I may safely aver that the commonest soldier of that 
 brave army was actuated by the same sentiments as 
 the general. In other wars soldiers fight because 
 they are ordered to do so. But Havelock's efforts were 
 responded to by every private in his force. Each 
 man burned to avenge the massacre at Cawnpore, 
 each man strained every nerve to save us from a 
 similar fate. 
 
 Alas ! many, too many, brave men had fallen, to 
 
Seft.] officers killed. 245 
 
 accomplish that object. Brigadier-general Neill was 
 killed; Major Cooper, of the Artillery, had fallen, 
 3Iajor Eyre, who had already gained laurels at Arrah 
 and Jugdispore, succeeding to the command of the 
 Artillery. The gallant Lieutenant Colonel Baze- 
 ley. Captain Crump, and Dr. Bartrum, of the same 
 corps, were all shot at the guns they had made 
 so terrible to the enemy. Of the 12th Irregular 
 Cavalry, Lieutenant Warren was killed, and of H. M.'s 
 64th, Lieutenant Bateman. The brave 78th High- 
 landers lost Lieutenant Webster and Lieutenant 
 Kirby; the 84th, Captain Pakenham and Lieutenant 
 Poole ; and the 90th, Lieutenant Moultrie, over whose 
 grave, and that of Captain Denison, of the same corps, 
 their men erected a marble monument. 
 
 Sir James Outram, who, throughout the 25th, 
 allowed the greatest coolness under fire, and was 
 ever at the head of the troops, received a wound, 
 fortunately only a slight one, in the right arm. 
 Captain Becher, his assistant adjutant-general, 40th 
 Native Infantry, was also wounded and afterwards died 
 of his wounds, and Captain Alexander Orr, who had 
 escaped from Fyzabad, where he had been a deputy 
 commissioner, and who was invaluable as a guide to 
 the relieving army, had his horse shot under him, 
 and was himself slightly wounded in the leg. 
 B 3 
 
246 SIEGE OF LUCKNOW. [Sept. 
 
 Captain Crommelin, of the Engineers, whose engi- 
 neering operations at Cawnpore and Bunnee, and 
 subsequently at Liicknow, earned for him the 
 well-deserved praise of Government, received also a 
 slight wound. Captain Dodgson, the assistant adju- 
 tant-general, and Colonel Tytler, the deputy assistant 
 quarter-master-general. Lieutenant Havelock, deputy 
 assistant adjutant-general, the general's son, and Lieu- 
 tenant Sitwell, aide-de-camp, on the 25th, and Captain 
 Olpherts, the bravest of the brave, on the 26th, were 
 also wounded ; the latter only slightly, however. 
 
 Of the Volunteer Cavalry, who had covered 
 themselves with glory, not only at Lucknow, but 
 wherever they had met the enemy. Lieutenant Lynch, 
 Her Majesty's 70th, was wounded in the arm ; 
 Lieutenant Palliser, 63rd Bengal Native Infantry, in 
 the head slightly; and Lieutenant Birch, 1st Ben- 
 gal Light Cavalry, severely. Lieutenant Swanson, 
 7th Madras Native Infantry, the quarter-master, 
 lying wounded in his doolie and abandoned by the 
 bearers, was cut off from his friends, and only re- 
 covered by some of his own men on the 27th. He 
 had then seven fresh gunshot wounds, and had suf- 
 fered the most horrible suspense, deserted as he was 
 and with nothing to eat. 
 Of the gentlemen serving in the ranks four were 
 
Sept.] WOUNDED OFFICERS. 247 
 
 also wounded ; Mr. Erskine, dangerously, Mr. K. 
 Goldsworthy, slightly in the hand, another in the 
 arm, and Mr. Green, their corporal, severely in the 
 head. Their body had lost, besides, in killed, three 
 rank and file, and in wounded, eleven. Captain 
 Burrows himself, their commandant, had had two 
 horses shot under him, but escaped untouched. 
 
 Of the 1st Madras Fusiliers, Lieutenants Arnold 
 and Bailey were both severely wounded. They died 
 afterwards in our entrenchments. Captains L'Estrange 
 and Johnston, of the 5th, and Captains Lockhart 
 and Hastings, Lieutenants Grant and Swanson, 
 were severely, and Lieutenants Crowe and M^herson, 
 all of the gallant Highlanders, slightly wounded. 
 
 Lieutenant Jolie, who had been doing duty with 
 this corps, was also most dangerously wounded. This 
 gentleman, belonging to our 32nd, had been absent 
 on leave from his regiment, and had therefore not 
 assisted in the defence of the Residency. He had 
 joined Havelock's force, delighted at the prospect of 
 again seeing his brother officers and his old regiment, 
 and in having shared in the honour of their relief. 
 But he was destined to enjoy the looked for plea- 
 sure for a few hours only. Dangerously wounded 
 at the W)rming of Alumbagh, he expired in sight of 
 his old friends, a short time after his arrival in the 
 
 B 4 
 
248 SIEGE OF LUCKNOW. [Sept. 
 
 Eesidency, more deeply regretted, than if his death 
 had occurred under ordinary circumstances. 
 
 Of Her Majesty's 84th regiment. Lieutenants 
 Woolhouse and Oakley were severely, and Captain 
 Willis and Lieutenant Barry, slightly wounded ; and 
 of the 90th, the gallant Colonel Campbell and Lieu- 
 tenant Knight were severely, and Dr. Bradshaw and 
 Lieutenant Preston, slightly wounded. 
 
 Altogether we had lost, as far as could then be 
 ascertained, about 550 officers and men, killed, 
 wounded, and missing, a heavy, heavy sacrifice for 
 our relief, but which made us the more grateful to 
 our gallant deliverers. Our own number of fighting 
 men was scarcely more, but our women and chil- 
 dren were at least treble that number. Captain 
 M'Pherson, 78th Highlanders, wiiting to a friend 
 here, thus graphically describes the gallantry of 
 Havelock's men in forcing the city : — 
 
 That the honour of having, under Providence, 
 saved our lives is really due to Grenerals Havelock 
 and Outram is unquestionable. But for their timely 
 arrival, our native troops, who had up to that time 
 behaved nobly and adhered to us with exemplary fide- 
 lity, would certainly have abandoned us. Nor could 
 we have reasonably found fault with them h^d they 
 done so, for life is sweet, and hope had almost entirely 
 
Sept.] OUR CONDITION AND LOSSES. 249 
 
 left us. Their desertion would have caused the most 
 fatal depression in our own breasts, and with our 
 diminished numbers and our continual losses we should 
 soon have been obliged to give up our outposts. 
 
 Keduced within the narrow compass of the Eesidency 
 itself, and exposed to the enemy's harassing fire from 
 what would lately have been our outposts, it would 
 have been utterly impossible to have held out. Nothing 
 short of a miracle could have saved us then. Cawn- 
 pore would have been re-enacted in Lucknow, or we 
 would, as we once talked of doing, have been com- 
 pelled to blow up our women, children, and wounded, 
 to prevent their falling into the hands of the insur- 
 gents, and to have died fighting on the ruins ourselves. 
 
 Our houses had been already perforated with cannon 
 balls. The Cawnpore battery was one mass of ruins, 
 our outpost at Innes's house was partly roofless, and 
 the other garrisons were as badly off. From one 
 alone, the brigade mess, 435 cannon balls that had 
 fallen within it were actually counted. It would be, 
 therefore, by no means an exaggerated statement to 
 iffirm, that not less than 10,000 cannon balls had 
 -truck our various buildings. As for musket bullets, 
 they are only to be counted by myriads. 
 
 More than 400 of the defenders of the garrison lie 
 buried in our churchyard. 
 
250 SIEGE OF LUCKNOW. [Sept. 
 
 CHAP. XV. 
 
 LUCKNOW AFTER HAVELOCK's AERIYAL. 
 
 Our extended Positions. — African Bifieman's Contempt of our 
 Shells. —The Tehree Kothee. — The Order of the Day. — Em- 
 barras de Richesses. — Luxuries. — The Second Chapter of the 
 Siege. — Sir Henry Lawrence's Foresight. — Purchase of Food. 
 — Hunger imperative. — Kossids. — Position of our Men at the 
 Alumbagh, — Our Colours and Band. — Indomitable Perseverance 
 of our Foe. — Effect of our Shot and Shell upon the Enemy's 
 Positions. — Picturesque Aspect of the City of Lucknow. — Meeting 
 with old Friends. — Captain Alexander Orr. — Goldsworthy. — 
 Berrill. — The Intelligence Department. — The rebel King. — His 
 Minister and Council. — The Commander-in-Chief of the Insur- 
 gents. — Danger of high Offices with the Mutineers — The People 
 of Lucknow. — Punishment for Adhesion to our Cause. — European 
 Prisoners in the hands of the Enemy. — Rajah Man Sing of Sul- 
 tanpore. — A Friend turned Foe. — The Rebels offer to treat with 
 Sir James Outram. — An insolent Proposal. — Mutual Threats. — 
 Fate of the Native Prisoners with the Insurgents. — Native Grati- 
 tude. 
 
 The Kesidency now again wore an animated aspect. 
 Every now and' then troops were coming in, new 
 faces might be seen, and horses and camels were 
 lying about our enclosure in plenty. Though we 
 could not go into the city, yet our position was far 
 
Sept.] AN AFRICAN'S COKTEMPT OF SHELLS. 251 
 
 more extended. We had possession of the Tehree 
 Kothee, the Furrad Buksh, and the Chutter Mimzil, 
 palaces situated on the river side and facing our north. 
 This was an immense advantage to us. The enemy's 
 fire had been particularly fatal from that point, and 
 their strongest batteries had been placed near a gate- 
 way called the ". clock tower," from there being a 
 clock dial painted on it. 
 
 The late Sir H. Lawrence had ordered a number 
 of the adjacent houses to be blown up, but our 
 engineers had not quite succeeded in converting 
 the gateway and other buildings into ruins; the 
 siege had come on so suddenly that they had 
 had no time to repeat the blasting operations. 
 One of the late king's sharpshooters, an African 
 eunuch, had made this clock tower his favourite 
 haunt. Like his friend, " Bob the Nailer," his shots 
 were almost always fatal. So troublesome had this 
 man become to us, and we had lost so many good 
 soldiers by his rifle, that Captain Thomas (Madras 
 Artillery) had been directed to shell the fellow's 
 place of refuge, merely to enable us to get rid of this 
 one man. The shells had been thrown with beau- 
 tiful precision, and we had seen them bursting just 
 where they should burst ; but immediately after a rifle 
 bullet whistling through the air as if in defiance of our 
 
252 SIEGE OF LUCKNOW. [Sept. 
 
 efforts, proved that we had not succeeded in killing 
 the marksman. Nor could we solve the riddle till 
 after the capture of that gateway : then we learnt 
 how it was that he had escaped so often. 
 
 The Residency was perfectly commanded by the 
 clock tower, and the eunuch, as soon as he had ob- 
 served through his telescope that we were about to 
 shell, retired by a ladder into a sort of cavern he had 
 caused to be scooped out for his safety, and, returning 
 at once to the scene of action, recommenced his firing 
 as soon as the shell had burst. He was killed by our 
 men at last, and the telescope and rifle were found 
 by his side. 
 
 The Tehree Kothee, the late residence of the 
 General Sahib, the ex-king's brother, adjoined the 
 Furrad Buksh, which had formerly been the throne 
 and levee room of the kings of Oude. They con- 
 sisted of a perfect labyrinth of courtyards, inner 
 gardens, balconies, gateways, passages, verandahs, 
 rotundas, outhouses, and pavilions. Though I had 
 afterwards often been loitering there, I invariably 
 had lost my way in some of the numerous intricate 
 places of those buildings. 
 
 Plunder was the order of the day. Everywhere 
 might be seen people helping themselves to what- 
 ever they pleased. Jewels, shawls, dresses, pieces of 
 
Sept.] EMBARRAS DE RICHESSES. 253 
 
 satin, silk, broadcloths, coverings, rich embroidered 
 velvet saddles for horses and elephants, the most 
 magnificent divan carpets studded with pearls, 
 dresses of cloth of gold, turbans of the most costly 
 brocade, the finest muslins, the most valuable swords 
 and poniards, thousands of flint guns, caps, muskets, 
 ammunition, cash, books, pictures, European clocks, 
 English clothes, full-dress officers' uniforms, epau- 
 lettes, aiguillettes, manuscripts, charms ; vehicles of 
 the most grotesque forms, shaped like fish, dragons, 
 and sea-horses; imaunns or representations of the 
 prophet's hands, cups, saucers, cooking utensils, 
 chinaware enough to set up fifty merchants in 
 Lombard Street, scientific instruments, ivory tele- 
 scopes, pistols, and, what was better than all, tobacco, 
 tea, rice, grain, spices, and vegetables, — the pro- 
 visions, however, unfortunately, in very small quan- 
 tities. 
 
 I had gone to bring something home. I gene- 
 rally returned from my expeditions empty-handed. 
 I now knew what an embarras de 7iA)hes8e8 was. 
 WTiere I could take everything, I usually took 
 nothing but a few eatables. The things which I had 
 sometimes actually carried away, I not unfrequently 
 would leave on the road-side. I afterwards often re- 
 gretted not having taken what I was subsequently 
 
254 SIEGE OF LUCKNOW. [Sept. 
 
 obliged to pay very dear for; but at the time I 
 became utterly indifferent about property, which 
 I might have had only for the taking. Several 
 men, more prudent than myself, however, made 
 fortunes. One of them, an overseer, succeeded in 
 obtaining several boxes of tea, tobacco, soap, candles, 
 and other useful articles of household furniture, 
 which a few days afterwards fetched very high 
 prices ; so that, when we finally evacuated the place, 
 he must have had above a thousand pounds in 
 cash alone ; and, with singular good fortune, he not 
 only managed to convey all his valuables away, but 
 was enabled to travel in a magnificent phaeton, 
 which had been abandoned by the owner, and to 
 which he had succeeded in yoking bullocks, that he 
 had obtained equally cheap. There are some men 
 on whom Fortune smiles even in the worst of times. 
 This was one of them, and there were several others 
 similarly favoured by the blind goddess. 
 
 We had, for some days after Havelock's arrival, 
 luxuriated in a number of good things. The spices I 
 had found served to make capital stews and curry, 
 and, as we hoped to be soon released from our impri- 
 sonment, we were rather profuse with our few vege- 
 tables, which tasted deliciously after that unvaried 
 
Sept.] SIR HENRY LAWRENCe's FORESIGHT. 255 
 
 round of plain coarse beef and dall. Those eternal 
 chupatties were, however, still our staple food. 
 
 Though we had extended our positions, yet we were 
 far from being free. Contrary to expectations, the 
 enemy, so far from abandoning the city, or suing for 
 terms after the arrival of Outram and Havelock, con- 
 tinued to blockade us, and our gallant deliverers were 
 now besieged along with us. They had brought in 
 no provisions or stores of any kind, and in point of 
 food we were worse off than even before. The num- 
 ber of additional mouths, owing to the very great 
 multitude of camp followers, made considerable dimi- 
 nutions in our commissariat stores ; but by dint of 
 the very strictest economy, we managed to make 
 them last longer than was expected, — down to the 
 end of November. 
 
 Again had we reason to bless the memory of the 
 late Sir Henry Lawrence, whose foresight had thus 
 enabled us to drag on our lives with comparative 
 safety. Our rations, which had previously been 
 reduced by one quarter, were now brought down 
 to just half of what we originally got. Instead of 
 attah or flour, we obtained wheat, which we had 
 to grind ourselves or get ground as best we could ; 
 dall was stopped entirely, and our modicum of salt 
 reduced. Of beef we now got only six oimces a day. 
 
256 SIEGE OF LUCKNOW. [Sept. 
 
 bones included. Many grumbled and growled at 
 these reductions, but they were absolutely necessary. 
 
 Yet food was still now and then obtainable. Several 
 persons had hidden stores of something or other, of 
 which for money, — exorbitant sums, however, — I 
 succeeded in getting part now and then. And wheat, 
 too, plundered from the palaces, or stolen from our 
 own commissariat, I fear, was also sometimes to be had. 
 One enterprising man actually set up a sort of bakery, 
 and sold biscuits at six rupees per seer, but this did 
 not last long. The stock of corn was soon exhausted, 
 and then I too had often to go to sleep with an empty 
 stomach. On one occasion I went to see a friend, 
 whom I did not find at home. He had just finished 
 his breakfast, of which a solitary bone remained as 
 evidence on a plate. Hunger was imperative, and 
 I actually took the well-gnawed bone up and picked 
 it clean afterwards. 
 
 But I saw others far more in want than myself. I 
 could at least sometimes procure an extra chupatty : 
 but most of the new force were less fortunate ; so that 
 I was therefore often able to give a picking to some 
 of my new friends, particularly of the Volunteer Ca- 
 valry, who were principally stationed at my garrison 
 (Innes' outpost). 
 
 Soon after the arrival of Greneral Havelock, we had 
 
Sept.] POSITION AT ALUMBAGH. 257 
 
 been cut off from all communications with Alumbagh, 
 except by means of the Kossids, who occasionally 
 brought in letters in quills, or inserted into the soles 
 of their shoes, at considerable risk to themselves. 
 0\vinoj to our now havinof the river one of the boun- 
 daries of our position, the chance of eluding the 
 vigilance of the enemy's sentries was, however, far 
 less than before we had possession of the Tehree 
 Kothee, Chutter Munzil, and Feradbuksh palaces. 
 
 The baggage and ammunition of the relieving force 
 had been deposited in the Alumbagh : four guns had 
 been left with them to defend themselves mth, should 
 they be attacked by a party of the enemy ; but that 
 the 300 men left as an escort to protect the immense 
 number of elephants, camels, horses, and camp fol- 
 lowers, with hundreds of laden carts, should after- 
 wards themselves be besieged without our being able 
 to assist them, was never contemplated by any indi- 
 vidual of the force. Indeed from the confident 
 manner in which our new friends spoke, we could 
 fisily see that, even after those dearly-paid-for vic- 
 tories of the 25th and 26th of September, they ex- 
 pected the city to be cleared in a few days. 
 
 Before the storming of Lucknow they had even 
 expected to come into the city, after one defeat of 
 the enemy, with bands playing and colours flying; 
 6 
 
258 SIEGE OF LUCKNOW. [Sept. 
 
 but their colours had to be brought with difficulty, 
 the bandsmen had to be converted into soldiers, and 
 their instruments had to be left behind at Alumbagh. 
 
 We who had had experience enough of the indomi- 
 table perseverance of our foes, whatever their courage 
 might be, knew well that they would never think 
 of leaving the city unless driven out of it at the 
 point of the bayonet ; that unless each fortified 
 house and each battery had been stormed, we could 
 hold no portion of Lucknow ; that they would fight, 
 return, be beaten, and fight again ; and, knowing them- 
 selves to be rebels and murderers and worthy of death, 
 that we would spare none of them, and therefore it was 
 better to die by the bullet while fighting, than to be 
 sent out of the world in so ignominious a manner as 
 being hanged at the hands of a despised member of 
 the sweeper caste. 
 
 This we knew, and we, the old garrison, looked 
 upon being besieged anew as a natural event. The 
 houses to the south and east had never been deserted 
 by the insurgents, and we still lost a number of good 
 and brave soldiers from the houses commanding 
 Innes's outpost, Grubbins's battery, the slaughter 
 house, and Bhoosa-guard, as well as the brigade mess. 
 In our new entrenchments our men were daily fired 
 upon ; and Captain Crommelin, the superintending 
 engineer, lost no time in pushing on our fortifications 
 
Sept.] PICTURESQUE ASPECT OF THE CITY. 259 
 
 towards the Kaiserbagh and the positions command- 
 ing the Feradbuksh. 
 
 We had now opportunities of seeing more of the in- 
 jury our shot and shell had done the enemy. The Cap- 
 tan-ka Bazaar and the enclosure before the Residency 
 were now open to us without any great danger to our- 
 selves. The ruins of these buildings, and the deserted 
 air that hung over all those large structures before us, 
 gave one almost as much an idea of desolation as a 
 'ity of ruins. All within was still, scarcely a movable 
 object was seen, and the sharp crack of a rifle or the 
 flight of an occasional round shot alone showed life. 
 Yet even these did not always disturb the ear. At 
 Er noon particularly, when our enemies, as is customary 
 Hfarith natives, ate their food and took their siesta 
 iBFiter dinner, perfect silence would reign. There was 
 ^something grand and majestic in the now sombre 
 !id, as it were, defiant aspect of this really magnifi- 
 cent and picturesque city. Seen from the terrace of 
 ♦he Residency, the tout ensemble of the view pre- 
 • nted to us was perfect. The gilded minarets, the 
 rich domes, the splendid mosques and palaces, the 
 regular and thickly crowded houses were charmingly 
 relieved by gardens, and parks, and trees, along and 
 opposite the banks of the river, and interspersed in 
 t he middle of the city. And those green fields ! that 
 
 • 2 
 
260 SIEGE OF LUCKNOW. [Sept. 
 
 luxuriant vegetation! how often we longed to be 
 there ! I never could look on them without a sigh, 
 without panting for them, without feeling almost an 
 ungovernable longing for freedom. Only those can 
 know the sweets of liberty who have gone through 
 the pain of captivity. 
 
 Greneral Outram had organised an Intelligence De- 
 partment, at the head of which he placed Captain 
 Carnegie and Captain Alexander Orr, an old friend 
 of mine, whom I was delighted to see again after 
 three years' absence. I had also the pleasure of 
 meeting several other friends and acquaintances in 
 the field force that had come to relieve us. One 
 of them, Mr. Roger Groldsworthy, had joined Captain 
 Burrows's cavalry as a volunteer, and was present at 
 all the engagements which that gallant body had 
 fought. As a reward for their distinguished bra- 
 very, he, Lieutenants Chalmers, Price, and several 
 other officers and civilians, received the temporary 
 appointments of assistant field engineers, in which 
 they had still further opportunities of doing good 
 service to the state. Goldsworthy afterwards, seve- 
 ral times, in his capacity as engineer, accompanied 
 Captain Crommelin in sorties, and to places where 
 the greatest danger was to be faced. He was so 
 fortunate as afterwards to obtain a commission in the 
 
Sept.] INTELLIGENCE DEPARTMENT. 261 
 
 cavalry of Her Majesty's army, and none more de- 
 served that advancement. 
 
 Another young friend of mine, Berrill of Allahabad, 
 had similarly distinguished himself. He was a very 
 little fellow, and scarce nineteen, but plucky like a 
 veteran soldier. Every one of his comrades bore 
 witness to the gallant manner in which he would 
 rush on and attack the rebels; he had been in all 
 the fifteen battles which Havelock and Neill had 
 fought. They had massacred two of his brothers at 
 Ca^\^lJ>ore, and he had resolved to kill their mur- 
 derers in revenge. 
 
 The intelligence supplied by Captain Orr to Ge- 
 neral Outram was secret, and for many days we knew 
 nothing of what was going on in the city. We heard, 
 however, that the insurgents had crowned a ruler, 
 called Burges Kadr, a natural son of the ex-king, 
 who we learnt had been made a state prisoner at 
 Calcutta. He was to be called "Badshah," King, 
 but was to hold his crown under the Emperor of 
 Delhi, as a sort of tributary prince. He is but a 
 child of eight or ten years of age, and all the real 
 power was vested in a minister and a council of 
 state. 
 
 The former was one Shirf-ood-Dowlah (Ibra- 
 liim Khan), who had, under the ex-king's father, 
 s 3 
 
262 SIEGE OF LUCKNOW. [Sept. 
 
 held the reins of office with considerable credit to 
 himself, and was always considered by the then 
 Eesident, Greneral Sir H. Sleeman, as a friend to the 
 British. The council of state consisted of the king's 
 principal servants, of the rajahs and great landed 
 proprietors of the country, and of the self-created 
 high dignitaries of the army. These also deliberated 
 upon the mode of conducting operations against us. 
 
 They had a commander-in-chief, Hissamut-ood- 
 Dowlah, a brother-in-law of the ex-king (but he was 
 merely a name, and nothing more). They had their 
 generals, and generals of division, their brigadiers 
 and colonels, their majors, captains, and subaltern 
 officers, and in fact an apparently well constituted 
 and well regulated army. 
 
 But these great dignitaries were never treated 
 with that respect and obedience we ourselves had 
 commanded. Their offices, too, except the very 
 highest, were replete with danger. The sepoys them- 
 selves elected their officers, and the officers their com- 
 manders, though they did so in the name of the king. 
 But if, as was not unfrequently the case, they hap- 
 pened to displease the gallant " Jacks," a debating 
 assembly would immediately be held by the privates, 
 at the conclusion of which, they would usually signify 
 to their officers, either that they were degraded, or. 
 
SEfT.j EUROPEAN PRISONERS. 263 
 
 what suited their cowardly and sanguinary minds 
 better, they attacked and fired on their victim. 
 
 The least suspicion of a hankering after the 
 British, of being a spy, or of attempting to escape 
 or to treat with us, was instantly punished with 
 death. Nor were they able to decline these danger- 
 ous nominations to army rank. Refusal was death. 
 As for the citizens, they had no voice in the mat- 
 ter. In oriental phraseology, "they lived but to 
 obey." Many were no doubt well affected towards 
 us, but they dared not show it; and the majority, 
 though they hated us as Feringhees, could not but 
 long for our rule, plundered, and in continual dread 
 of their lives, as they were. The king's adherents 
 however, were also very numerous, and the ambitious 
 of all classes, the bravoes and the vagabonds of the 
 city, and the old servants of the former government, 
 were all of that faction. 
 
 We heard also that the enemy had some Euro- 
 pean, and many native prisoners. The former con- 
 sisted of officers and their families, who had been 
 saved from the first fury of the mutineers, and had 
 been protected by rajahs and landholders from the 
 military rebels, either from a desire to propitiate 
 Government in the event of our being successful, or 
 in order to sell them to the insurgent leaders should 
 
 8 4 
 
264 SIEGE OF LUCKNOW. [Sept. 
 
 they continue to be in power. The rajahs of Mi- 
 thowly and Bulrampore, who had concealed and en- 
 tertained them for some time, probably were sincere 
 in the beginning, but had been afterwards led away 
 to join the majority either from fear of their revenge, 
 or from treachery, or from ambition. 
 
 Whatever the motive, they were then prisoners in 
 the insurgents' hands, and actually within the pre- 
 cincts of the Kaiserbagh. They were Sir Moimt- 
 stuart Jackson and Miss Jackson ; a very valued 
 and dear friend of mine. Captain Patrick Orr, late 
 a deputy commissioner in the Mallaon district, his 
 wife, and his child, three or four years old ; Lieute- 
 nant Burnes, Serjeant-Major Norton, and little Miss 
 Christian, whose parents had both been murdered at 
 Seetapore, — altogether eight souls. 
 
 Their fate is indeed horrible to contemplate.* 
 Constantly in dread of their lives, in the hands of 
 savage and remorseless barbarians, in the hearing of 
 our guns, knowing assistance was near, and yet unable 
 
 * I was enabled, before going to press with the First Edition, to 
 add that the last mail (25th January) brought the news, supplied 
 by the Calcutta Englishman, of the murder of the prisoners, Sir 
 Mountstuart Jackson, Captain Patrick Orr, Lieutenant Burnes, and 
 Sergeant Norton, and the death of little Miss Christian. Mrs. Orr 
 and Miss Jackson were still alive. 
 
Sept.] RAJAII MAX SING. 265 
 
 to obtain it, they must indeed have been leading 
 a miserable existence. They had been very cruelly, 
 even brutally, treated by a party of sowars who had 
 charge of them, being all placed in irons, even the 
 delicate ladies and the late Commissioner Christian's 
 orphan. Only on their arrival in Lucknow, where 
 they were placed in safe custody at the Kaiserbagh, 
 was their treatment more humane. The rebel govern- 
 ment were, no doubt, not insensible of the political 
 use te- which these prisoners might be turned ; and 
 afterwards, indeed, made them instrumental in treat- 
 ing with Sir James. 
 
 Among the most distinguished of the insurgent 
 rajahs, and the most powerful landed barons of the 
 province, Man Sing holds one of the first places. 
 He had at first sided with us, and during the whole 
 of the siege, I believe, his troops never aided the 
 other insurgents in their operations against us. He 
 liad saved twenty-nine European lives, gentlemen, 
 ladies, and children, refugees from Fyzabad and 
 Sultanpore, and had them safely escorted to Allaha- 
 l)ad. But Man Sing knew his power, and, being an 
 ambitious man, intended to make use of all his influ- 
 ence to aggrandise himself. He could raise'10,000 
 armed men from among his retainers and tenants, and 
 these were mostly rajpoots, high-caste Hindoos of the 
 
266 SIEGE OF LUCKNOW. [Sept. 
 
 warrior class : and he had guns and ammunition, and 
 money besides. Having also, by saving European 
 lives, established a claim of gratitude upon Grovern- 
 ment, he wanted to derive all possible advantage from 
 it, and, accordingly, sent proposals to our local Go- 
 vernment at Allahabad, so it was stated, to put the 
 district of Sultanpore in order, if he were nominated 
 its governor, and if his estates should be increased by 
 neighbouring ones to which he laid claim ; but the 
 Commissioner of the Peace would listen to no 'terms. 
 " Do so unconditionally," was the reply. Man Sing 
 was enraged; yet he never took active measures 
 against us even then, but preserved a sort of armed 
 neutrality. On the failure of Havelock's relieving 
 army to clear the city, an impossible task, Man Sing 
 at last definitively sided with the rebel govern- 
 ment ; but he must still be looked upon as one of 
 the most powerful, though best intentioned, of our 
 enemies. 
 
 Not long after Sir James Outram's assumption of 
 the command of the Oude Field Force, Man Sing 
 sent a messenger to him, offering to mediate with the 
 rebel government, and stipulating as the price of his 
 doing so, and fighting for our cause, the guarantee of 
 kis own life being spared, and the restitution of all his 
 estates. He was told that, if he wished to prove his 
 
Seit.] insolent proposals of the rebels. 267 
 
 fidelity to Government, he must leave with all his 
 troops, and return to his estate; Grovernment was 
 generous, and would, no doubt, act well towards him ; 
 but he must trust to that generosity alone. A few days 
 
 fter, another messenger, a person of rank, came in 
 w ith a letter from Captain Orr to his brother in the 
 garrison, evidently meant for the eyes of the Chief 
 Commissioner, and written under compulsion. The 
 letter was signed by all the prisoners in the enemy's 
 hands, and mentioned the facts I have already noticed 
 respecting themselves. The writers offered to be of 
 assistance to our authorities, should they feel inclined 
 ;> treat with the "Oude Govetmment;^* but there 
 were no particulars. Several more visits were made 
 by the same messenger ; but the treaties were at last 
 (juite broken off. 
 
 The demands of the rebel leaders were extravagant ; 
 not only their lives were to be spared, but their newly 
 
 looted king and all the insurgent chiefs were to be 
 pensioned according to the rank they had given them- 
 selves. Of course, such proposals were at once rejected. 
 To have accepted the submission of a foe we had 
 ever3rwhere vanquished on such conditions, would be 
 to give a premium to rebellion, and to legalise the 
 usurpation of their rulers. 
 
 After this, Man Sing had the insolence to offer to 
 
268 SIEGE OF LUCKNOW. [Sept. 
 
 escort our women, children, and wounded to Cawn- 
 pore, with his 10,000 men. This would have been 
 like entrusting the safety of a flock to a wolf. We 
 had learnt to distrust natives now. 
 
 They threatened to murder their prisoners if we 
 refused to listen to terms. Sir James replied, that 
 if they did so, he would hang the state prisoners in 
 our hands. They said, we might do so, for they cared 
 nothing about them. Greneral Outram then hinted, 
 that they should remember we had the Ex-King Wajid 
 Ally Shah in custody at Calcutta, and our executing 
 him would by no means be something improbable. 
 This frightened them, and I believe they are still 
 alive. We were even furnished with the names of 
 the individuals in whose charge they were, and who 
 will, no doubt, be held to be responsible. Sir James 
 did all he could to obtain the release of these un- 
 fortunates, and would probably gladly have given 
 10,000?. for each of their lives; but the insurgents 
 wanted terms, not money. They were evidently very 
 suspicious of the future, and no doubt believed that 
 they would succumb in the end ; as they of course 
 really must, sooner or later. 
 
 I had said the enemy had a number of native 
 prisoners. These were the servants and others who 
 had deserted, and who were seized as spies. Every 
 
I 
 
 ) 
 
 Sept.] NATIVE GRATITUDE. 269 
 
 one of them was hanged or shot. They well merited 
 their fate. The Kotwal of the city, of whom I spoke 
 in the beginning of the book, was seated on a donkey, 
 carried through the streets with his face blackened 
 and head and beard shaved, and then beheaded. All 
 the native Christians, and even the servants of Chris- 
 tians, were murdered. One old man, a domestic of 
 Mr. Johannes, who had been fifty years in his employ, 
 and was treated more like a friend than a servant, 
 plundered his master's own property, and cursed the 
 Feringhees and fathers of Feringhees, as a true- 
 hearted Mussulman should ; but, notwithstanding his 
 apostacy, he was at last also killed. He had been a 
 living example how little our servants are attached 
 to us by our kindness. There is no such word as 
 gratitude in the Hindostanee language. *'Nimak- 
 halaly" only means "fidelity to one's salt." Natives, 
 in future, must be ruled with a rod of iron. 
 
270 SIEGE OF LUCKXOW. [Sept. 
 
 CHAP. XVI. 
 
 OUR SORTIES AND DEFENSIVE OPERATIONS. 
 
 Captain Lowe's Sally. — Lieutenant Hughes and Mr. Sinclair 
 wounded. — Major Stephenson's Sortie unsuccessful. — Lieutenant 
 Hardinge's Gallantry and Success. — Sorties of the 29th September. 
 
 — Major Apthorp. — Death of Mr. Lucas. — Captain M'Cabe falls 
 •while leading his fourth Sortie. — Captain Shute's Attack on Hill's 
 House. — Anecdotes. — Colonel Napier's Attack on Phillips' Bat- 
 tery. — Repairs of our Entrenchments. — Our Engineering Ope- 
 rations. — Easy Capture of "the Mound." — Strengthening our 
 Position. — Sergeant Purdell shot at my side. — Death of my 
 Captain. — Our Losses. — Affecting Death-bed Scene — Sorrow 
 and Joy. — Scientific Construction of the Enemy's Batteries. — 
 Captain Crommelin's Engineering Works. — The Enemy's Mines. 
 
 — Successful Repulse of the Enemy's Attack. — Our Mining 
 Operations. 
 
 I HAYE somewhat anticipated events in the previous 
 chapter, and must now return to the occurrences which 
 followed the capture of the palaces opposite our en- 
 trenchments. On the 26th of September, Captain 
 Lowe, of the 32nd, sortied with a party of about 150 
 men of this regiment, with a view to clear the Captan- 
 ka Bazaar, in front of the Eesidency kitchen garden. 
 
S-FT.] LIEUTENANT LOWE's SALLY. 271 
 
 and the adjacent houses. Two of his detachments, 
 one under Captain Bassano, and another under Cap- 
 tain Hughes, 57th Native Infantry, issued under cover 
 of the long grass and shrubs near the Eedan. A third 
 party, under Captain Lawrence, left from Innes's out- 
 post, took three guns, and drove the enemy, completely 
 taken by surprise, into the river, killing almost all of 
 them.. Lieutenant M*Leod Innes, of the Engineers, 
 was also present at this affair as guiding officer. 
 
 Captain Hughes also took the direction of the iron 
 bridge, spiked two mortars, and before retiring blew 
 up a powder magazine of the enemy. Captain Lowe, 
 who commanded the three detachments, was thus 
 everywhere successful, and himself as well as all the 
 rtfficers and men behaved with that gallantry and 
 i ravery so conspicuous in Englishmen. 
 
 My friend Sinclair, of our garrison, had also accom- 
 panied this sortie, though scarcely recovered from his 
 fcjrmer wound. He was here again wounded in the 
 >rm, and severely too. Unfortunately, two men were 
 ailed. Lieutenant Lawrence and Captain Hughes 
 wounded, the latter mortally, and eight soldiers 
 •. ounded, some fatally. As trophies of his success, 
 < aptain Lowe brought in an 18-pounder, a 9-pounder, 
 a 6-pounder, and four smaller guns, two without car- 
 nages ; but he himself received a severe wound. This 
 
272 SIEGE OF LUCKNOW. [Sept. 
 
 wound prevented Captain (now Major) Lowe from 
 being again actively employed until after the evacua- 
 tion of the Eesidency, when he commanded the rear- 
 guard of Sir Colin Campbell's army on the march 
 from the Alumbagh to Cawnpore. 
 
 On the 27th, Major Stephenson, with the whole of 
 his 1st Madras Fusiliers, made another sortie. They 
 were divided into three divisions, Captain Gralway had 
 one. Captain Eaikes another, and Captain Eraser the 
 third. Another party of 32nd men were conducted 
 by Lieutenant Warner, 7th Light Cavalry. Lieute- 
 nant Huxham, 48 th Native Infantry, Lieutenant 
 Mecham (Madras), and Captain Kemble. These 
 were under the orders of Lieutenant J. C. Anderson, 
 Engineers, and Lieutenant Innes. The sortie was de- 
 signed to attack the Garden battery. The enemy on 
 their approach, after a short time abandoned their 
 guns, but fired on the assailants from all points. 
 The insurgents were, however, in such force that our 
 men could not maintain the position they had taken, 
 and were obliged to return eventually after spiking 
 three guns and burning the battery. The delay in 
 bringing up the blasting party prevented their burst- 
 ing the guns as they intended to have done. Had the 
 advice of Lieutenants Anderson and Innes, however, 
 been attended to, the result would have been far 
 
Sept.] LIEUTENANT HARDINGE's GALLANTRY. 273 
 
 more satisfactory. The men had drunk most of the 
 water intended for bursting the guns, so that the 
 party had to return sooner than they had expected. 
 Four of the Madras Fusiliers were killed, and seven 
 wounded, two mortally ; of the 32nd three men 
 were killed ; of whom one was Cooney, and another. 
 Smith, two soldiers of the most lion-hearted intre- 
 pidity, who had throughout the siege always been 
 where danger was most to be faced. One of the 
 sergeants and four others also, belonging to the 32nd 
 regiment, were wounded. Lieutenant Huxham was 
 also severely wounded on this occasion, and a young 
 man, a civilian, named Crabbe, a volunteer, was 
 killed. 
 
 Lieutenant Hardinge, commanding Irregular Ca- 
 valry, led the first sortie. His party was composed 
 of 90 Madras Fusiliers, under Captain Gal way; 140 
 Highlanders (78th), under Captain Lockhart ; and 20 
 of the 32nd, under Lieutenant Cooke. The first gun, 
 a 12-pounder, was taken by the 32nd; Lieutenant 
 Cooke and Sergeant Keily being the first at the guc. 
 Of the Highlanders, Sergeant Young bayoneted a 
 man at another gun in the act of reloading, and was 
 severely wounded. The batteries and barricades 
 were completely destroyed, one heavy gun burst, and 
 three smaller ones brought in. Our loss was three 
 
 T 
 
274 SIEGE OF LUCKNOW. [Sept. 
 
 killed and ten wounded, among them Captain Lock- 
 hart himself. Lieutenant Hardinge had throughout 
 these difficult operations acted with that cool judg- 
 ment and bravery which had ever distinguished him. 
 
 On the 29th there were three sorties. The reserve 
 was commanded by Major Apthorp, a gallant officer 
 who had done excellent service while commanding 
 Grubbins's battery. He took several guns, spiked 
 others, and discovering two mines, had them blown 
 up by Lieutenant Innes and Lieutenant Ouseley, 48th 
 Native Infantry, who, aided by Sergeant Higgins, 
 Madras Fusiliers, captured a large gun. The Honour- 
 able Lieutenant Fraser, Captain Gralway, Lieutenant 
 Aitkin, 13th Native Infantry, and Lieutenant Cleve- 
 land particularly distinguished themselves. Major 
 Apthorp had been perfectly successful in clearing and 
 examining all the enemy's guns in front of G-ubbins's 
 garrison. The detachment under his command, con- 
 sisting of six officers and 100 men of the Madras 
 Fusiliers, had lost four killed and four wounded. 
 
 Among the latter I regret to name Mr. Fitz-her- 
 bert Dacre Lucas, a traveller and speculator, a gen- 
 tleman of fortune, the son, I believe, of the Eight 
 Honourable E. Lucas, of Castle Shane, in Ireland, 
 and who had come to India more for pleasure than 
 business. He had formerly been a captain of militia 
 
Sept.] DEATH OF CAPTAIN M'CABE. 275 
 
 artilleiy, and as such had been of great service 
 throughout the siege at Grubbins' battery. His gal-- 
 lantry and coolness under fire were conspicuous, and 
 there was no expedition of danger for which he did 
 not volunteer. He had safely come within our en- 
 trenchments from that sortie, but in returning to 
 aid in bringing in the captured guns he was shot. 
 He expired twenty-four hours after his return. 
 
 The second sortie was commanded by Captains 
 Browne and M'Cabe of the 32nd Eegiment, and 
 directed by Lieutenant J. C. Anderson. Major Sim- 
 mons also led a party of the 5th Fusiliers (H.M.'s). 
 A great number of the enemy were killed, and the 
 objects of the sortie fully attained. Unfortunately, 
 Captain M*Cabe was mortally wounded. This was 
 indeed a severe loss. Next to Captain Fulton, this 
 officer was one to whom we had most reason to be 
 grateful during the siege for the zeal, gallantry, and 
 devotion with which he aided in the defence ? Briga- 
 dier Inglis in him lost one of his most able advisers 
 and most trusted friends. Captain M*Cabe fell while 
 leading his fourth sortie. A braver soldier never 
 stepped. Poor gallant Major Simmons was also 
 killed, and nine others killed and wounded besides. 
 Lieutenant Anderson, aided by Captain Evans (at- 
 tached to artillery), here again did good service. He 
 
 T 2 
 
276 SIEGE OF LUCKNOW. [Sept. 
 
 blew up three large houses, whence we had most 
 suffered, destroyed the principal musketry cover of 
 the enemy between the Cawnpore battery and Bri- 
 gade Mess, and demolished the guns in front of the 
 former. 
 
 The third sortie was under the direction, as guiding 
 officer, of my commanding officer. Lieutenant Gray- 
 don, 41st Native Infantry, and was composed of 150 
 officers and men of H.M.'s 84th, 64th, and 5th 
 Eegiments, under the command of Captain Shute. 
 A party under Lieutenant Edmonstone of the 
 32nd also accompanied this column. They issued 
 from our outpost at earl}^ dawn, and proceeded 
 towards the iron bridge, stormed the house known as 
 Mr. Hill's shop, close to our garrison, where Lieu- 
 tenant Tulloch, who accompanied them, after our 
 men had succeeded in driving the enemy out and 
 killing a great number, blew up their favourite gun 
 called Luchminya, which had been captured by the 
 insurgents at Chinhutt, and which had played with 
 such fatal effect upon our garrison and the Eesidency. 
 
 Lieutenant Grraydon's order to occupy the houses 
 near the iron bridge, and near the lane commanded 
 by our outpost, was unfortunately not executed. The 
 consequence was, that the insurgent guards there, 
 who in their first surprise had fled across the river. 
 
Sept.] ANECDOTES. 277 
 
 on recovering from their panic, reoccupied them, and 
 fired at our men murderous volleys. We lost no fewer 
 han thirty-Jive men, killed and wounded, exactly the 
 third part of the strength of the detachment which 
 liad gone out, and our men were obliged to retreat 
 ^^•ithout being able to maintain the positions they had 
 taken temporary possession of. 
 
 A large part of the enemy attacking our party from 
 the lane opposite our garrison, were fired on by us, 
 and I had the good fortune to shoot two more na- 
 tives on that day. Lieutenant Graydon was slightly 
 woimded in the ear, and Lieutenant Edmonstone re- 
 ceived his third wound in the arm. 
 
 On this occasion a party of our soldiers on enter- 
 ing a house found among its defenders a man para- 
 lysed with age. On seeing the hostile faces enter, 
 far from begging for mercy, which, owing to his 
 extreme age would have been granted perhaps, he 
 took up a horse-pistol and aimed at one of the men. 
 The pistol missed fire, and the soldier, enraged at the 
 opposition made, fired, but before he had time to 
 pull the trigger, a woman interposed her body between 
 the old man's, and received the bullet in her breast. 
 The man was bayoneted afterwards. 
 
 On this day one of the Madras Fusiliers was saved 
 from the most dangerous position imaginable, and the 
 
 T 3 
 
278 SIEGE or LUCKNOW. [Oct. 
 
 most horrible of all deaths. On the afternoon of the 
 26th he had been suddenly cut off from the sortie 
 party which he had accompanied. To return to the 
 Residency was impossible — a considerable force of 
 the enemy having taken up a position between him 
 and his comrades, and he therefore thought the best 
 plan was to escape into a house and endeavour to 
 return at night. But the house, too, was occupied, 
 and unwilling to fall alive into the hands of the in- 
 surgents, he threw himself into a well. Fortunately 
 it was a dry one. Near him lay the dead body of a 
 native that had been thrown into it. For nearly 
 three days and two nights the poor fellow remained 
 concealed there. The pestilential atmosphere of the 
 cistern was horrible to bear, and he could only at 
 night venture out to breathe a little fresh air. He 
 had nothing to eat or to drink, and hope almost 
 began to desert him, when the shouts of our men 
 gave him notice of their approach. He emerged 
 from his hiding place to the great astonishment of 
 our men, who were about to shoot him for an insur- 
 gent, so filthy and black had he become, when he was 
 recognised and saved. 
 
 On the 1st October, under the personal superinten- 
 dence of Colonel Napier, an experienced and very 
 able officer, whose cool judgment and courage 
 
Oct.] attack ON PHILLIPS'S BATTERY. 279 
 
 elicited the praise of all the officers and men who 
 acted under him, the position to the left of the 
 Cawnpore battery was attacked by us. They were 
 of all the corps, and were commanded by Major 
 Haliburton, Her Majesty's 78th ; Captain Shute, Her 
 Majesty's 64th ; and Captain Raikes, Madras Fusiliers ; 
 and consisted of about 570 men. They occupied on 
 that day the houses to the left and front of Phillips's 
 battery, the point they designed to storm, and one of 
 the enemy's strongest positions. Lieutenant Grroom, 
 with his Madras Fusiliers, had, in a most gallant 
 manner, led the advance. Colonel Napier, then re- 
 straining the ardour of his men, remained in the 
 same position all night, and attacked the battery 
 next day. 
 
 The assault had been so carefully and scientifically 
 planned by Colonel Napier, that we lost only tw^o 
 killed and eleven wounded. It was stormed by our 
 men with their usual gallantry, three guns were taken 
 and burst by Lieutenants Limond, Innes, and 
 Tulloch, Engineers, and the house in the garden was 
 destroyed. Major Halibiulon here particularly dis- 
 tinguished himself, as did also all the officers with 
 him, Mr. Kavanagh and Mr. Phillips had also ac- 
 companied the^arty as guides. 
 
 In order, if possible, to make the Cawnpore road our 
 
 T 4 
 
280 SIEGE OF LUCKNOW. [Oct. 
 
 line of communication with Alumbagh, Sir James Ont- 
 ram directed openings to be made from one house to 
 another. But we were obliged afterwards to relinquish 
 this idea, for a mosque which intervened was filled 
 with riflemen, and so strongly fortified, that we could 
 not have taken it without very great loss. We were 
 therefore compelled to abandon the houses we had 
 occupied on the Cawnpore road, for we had not men 
 enough to hold them, and the musketry of the enemy 
 upon them was incessant. During these operations, 
 that very gallant officer. Major Haliburton, was 
 mortally wounded. His successor. Major Stephenson, 
 fell next day. 
 
 Brigadier Inglis, who still continued to command 
 our garrison, and Greneral Havelock, who had the 
 command of the palaces occupied by his force, were 
 ably carrying out Sir James's instructions to repair 
 the defences of the old position, and make batteries 
 and entrenchments for the new. 
 
 The engineering operations .of the old garrison 
 were superintended by Lieutenant J. C. Anderson, 
 garrison engineer, actively seconded by Lieutenant 
 M'Leod Innes, by Lieutenant Gr. Hutchinson, Engi- 
 neers, by Lieutenant Hay and Lieutenant Tulloch, 
 assistant field engineers. The buildings which had 
 given us shelter were many of them in a very pre- 
 
Oct.] easy CAPTURE OF THE MOUND. 2S1 
 
 carious state, and there were several breaches in the 
 walls. 
 
 Owing to the great number of camp-followers, such 
 as dooly-bearers, camel-drivers, bullock-drivers, syces, 
 and grass-cutters, who had come in with the Oude 
 Field Force, and were placed at the disposal of Briga- 
 dier Inglis, our labour went on far more rapidly than 
 before. Our sepoys, too, though in time of peace they 
 would have urged their caste as a reason for not putting 
 their hands to the spade, worked now right willingly. 
 
 Two large gaps on either side of the Brigade Mess, 
 which had been during the siege so gallantly de- 
 fended by Colonel ^Masters and his garrison of officers, 
 were now repaired. Earth-works and barricades were 
 also thrown up at our outpost, and the Sikh Square, 
 and the Cawnpore battery. The latter was greatly 
 improved ; the platform being made low. The left 
 side was formed into a gun-battery, armed with two 
 18-pounders and a 9-pounder, and the left into a 
 strong musketry 'battery. 
 
 Towards our outpost (Innes's) our position had also 
 been extended. The mound commanding it, where 
 we had suffered so much in the early part of the siege, 
 had been now taken possession of. The enemy had 
 seriously molested us during a feeble attack they 
 made on us in the middle of October ; and we were 
 
282 SIEGE or LUCKNOW. [Oct. 
 
 warned to prepare for its capture. It was easily 
 effected. We left at five in the evening, and silently 
 stole up, with bayonets fixed, and our muskets loaded. 
 On we went, made a sudden dash, and found — no- 
 body. We set up a loud laugh, and congratulated 
 ourselves on the ease with which the conquest was 
 effected. The enemy had apparently oiily occupied 
 the mound temporarily, on extraordinary occasions. 
 
 In our hands the mound soon became one of our 
 strongest positions. Lieutenant Hutchinson, who 
 conducted the operations, was indefatigable, and 
 by his personal exertions, pushed on the works 
 during the night as well as the day. The tomb- 
 stones on it, for it had been a Mohammedan ceme- 
 tery, were made use of to serve as bastions ; and deep 
 trenches were dug to ensure the safety of our going 
 to it from Innes's. The position had been recom- 
 mended by Lieutenant Grraydon, who commanded 
 our outpost. This officer was ever going about re- 
 medying defects ; and suggesting and superintending 
 any possible improvements in our defences. 
 
 The mound commanded the iron bridge. Hill's 
 shop, and the houses adjacent to it. Towards the 
 enemy's side it was naturally steep, and difficult of ac- 
 cess. An attack upon it by the insurgents would have 
 been repulsed with the greatest ease by its garrison. 
 
Oct.] death OF MY CAPTAIN. 283 
 
 A mosque to the right of it, and likewise command- 
 ing, oiir outpost, had also been taken up as one of 
 our positions. It had sheltered the enemy's riflemen 
 in great numbers, and we had been particulai'ly 
 exposed to their musketry from that direction. 
 
 A sergeant of the 32nd, named Purdell (a man who 
 had always been foremost, not only in fighting, but also 
 in the peaceable occupations of carrying out sani- 
 tary improvements in our garrison), a volunteer, 
 Mr. Alone, and myself, had been ordered to put up a 
 barricade in an exposed place, during a hot fire of 
 the enemy. The sergeant fell dead at our feet, 
 struck by a rifle ball in the forehead. This event 
 stimulated our captain in his endeavours to obtain 
 possession of the mosque. A gun was brought to 
 bear on it, and we occupied it the next day. It 
 was well barricaded, and earth was thrown on the 
 dead bodies of the insurgents who had there fallen 
 by our hands. 
 
 Our captain, Graydon, was soon afterwards shot, 
 while superintending some works on the mound. 
 He received a rifle bullet in his breast, and expired 
 next day. Brave, active, and kind to all those he 
 had commanded, his was, indeed, a serious loss. In 
 him, we in the garrison had all lost a friend, and 
 the news of his death cast a gloom over it for many 
 
284 SIEGE OF LUCKNOW. [Oct. 
 
 days. Lieutenant Thaine, his second in command, 
 succeeded to the command of these important garri- 
 sons of Innes's outpost, the mound, and the mosque. 
 
 The enemy, meanwhile, continued to molest us : and 
 we had almost daily to deplore the loss, by wounds or 
 death, of one or two men. Of the Volunteer Cavalry 
 several were wounded. I remember only the names 
 of young Ensign J. Hearsey and Mr. Volkers, a 
 civilian. Poor Mr. Erskine, too, who had been 
 wounded at the storming of Alumbagh, died about 
 the end of October. He had dwindled down to a 
 skeleton, and was so changed that he could no 
 longer be recognised by his friends. To one of them 
 who had visited him in hospital, he whispered " It 
 is hard to die so j^oung, but the grief of my 
 poor mother, when she hears of my death, is what 
 afflicts me most." 
 
 Alas! how many many tears will be shed for 
 those fallen at Lucknow ; how many parents are 
 childless, — how many widows have been made so 
 by this cruel war, — how many sisters have to mourn 
 the loss of their brave brothers! On the other 
 hand, how they, who hear of the safety of their sons, 
 husbands, and brothers, will have reason to rejoice ! 
 They may indeed be grateful to Providence ; for their 
 dear ones have been given to them a second time. 
 
 ^^Q^^m^gAjl^vj^ 
 
Oct.] CROMMELIN'S ENGINEERING WORKS. 285 
 
 How we ever escaped is what I indeed cannot 
 comprehend even now. In my numerous walks 
 round our old entrenchments and into our new 
 positions, I could never \vithhold my admiration 
 at the enormous labour the insurgents had under- 
 gone, not only in their offensive but in defensive 
 operations. Before their batteries, deep trenches, 
 Bome twenty feet deep and three feet wide, were 
 excavated. Ladders were placed at intervals for sen- 
 tries to go down and see that our mines did not run 
 under their batteries. Deep trenches intersected one 
 another all round us, along which the rebels could 
 crawl unperceived to the very edge of our entrench- 
 ment. Some of the batteries were within forty yards 
 of us, and all were well and stoutly made. How we re- 
 sisted all these is truly a wonder. The right hand of 
 the Lord is manifest in all this plainly enough, for in 
 spite of all our courage, we could never have kept 
 them out. 
 
 The chief engineer, Captain Crommelin, mean- 
 while superintended the defensive works of the new 
 palaces. With the miners placed at his disposal 
 he soon foiled most of the enemy's mining opera- 
 tions, and sunk shafts and began galleries in every 
 direction. In carrying out these labours he owed 
 much to the energy and courage of Lieutenant 
 
2S6 SIEGE OF LUCKNOW. [Oct. 
 
 Russell, his Major of Brigade ; Lieutenant Limond, 
 the only engineer officer under his command; Lieu- 
 tenant Hutchinson, directing engineer; Captain 
 Oakes, 8th Native Infantry ; Lieutenant Hall, 1st 
 Bengal Fusiliers ; Lieutenant TuUoch, Mr. Golds- 
 worthy, Lieutenant A. Chalmers, and Mr. Kavanagh, 
 assistant field engineers; and among the non-com- 
 missioned officers and men, who acted as overseers, 
 Sergeants Duffy and M'Hale, Corporal Horey, of the 
 Madras Fusiliers; Baylon of Her Majesty's 8th Fusi- 
 liers ; and of the 32nd, Sergeants Farrer, Banetta, 
 Callimore, and Corporal Dowling, who, during the 
 first siege, had several times distinguished himself. 
 Captain Crommelin also connected the Tehree Kothee, 
 Chutter Munzil, and Feradbuksh together, forming a 
 labyrinth of gardens and courtyards, without flanking 
 defences, and put them in position to resist the enemy 
 up to Sir Colin Campbell's arrival. In a military 
 point of view they were not necessary, but they 
 afforded our troops and camp-followers the best 
 shelter they could have had. The Residency was 
 already far too crowded to receive into it many more 
 inmates. 
 
 On several occasions, notwithstanding the vigilance 
 of Captain Crommelin and his subordinates, the 
 enemy succeeded in blowing up portions of our walls. 
 
Oct.] successful REPULSE OF THE ENEMY. 287 
 
 and we lost several good and valiant men by these 
 explosions. Generally, however, their mines were 
 innocuous, and were countermined and blown up by 
 our engineers, not unfrequently when the miners 
 were in them. Rencontres between our miners and 
 the enemy's occasionally took place. Ours generally 
 surprised them, and were of course always successful 
 in these contests under ground. The Sikhs of Cap- 
 tain Brasyer, separated though they were by only 
 a very narrow passage from the enemy, worked their 
 own mines and defended their position in spite of the 
 heavy fire of musketry directed against them. 
 
 The enemy had once even penetrated into their 
 enclosure. I was at the time not far from the point 
 of attack, and being unarmed, most narrowly risked 
 being shot or made prisoner; but our men drove 
 them back with immense slaughter. No less than a 
 hundred dead bodies were afterwards dragged away 
 by our sweepers and thrown into the river, but more 
 than three times that number must have been carried 
 off by their comrades. The 5th Fusiliers, the 78th 
 Highlanders, and the Sikhs rushed on them, inter- 
 cepted them in some of our passages, and finally 
 eleared the palaces of them. 
 
 Captain Crommelin also erected several strong and 
 scientifically built batteries; one, the Cavalier bat- 
 
288 SIEGE OF LUCKNOW. [OcT. 
 
 tery, directed against the more eastern buildings of 
 the enemy, was a perfect chef^Voeuvre of engineering 
 operations under difficulties. Trenches, cut here and 
 there, protected the soldiers going from one place to 
 another. During all these works. Colonel Napier, 
 the chief of the stafif, was invaluable. I cannot ex- 
 press greater admiration of his services than by com- 
 paring him to the late excellent Captain Fulton. 
 Like that gallant officer, he was ever present at all 
 the points of operations, advising, directing, and en- 
 couraging all. 
 
 According to Greneral Outram's report to Greneral 
 Mansfield, chief of Sir Colin Campbell's staff, twenty- 
 one shafts, aggregating 209 feet in depth, and 5291 
 feet of gallery, had been executed. The enemy ad- 
 vanced twenty mines against the palaces and outposts. 
 Of these they exploded three, which caused no loss 
 of life, and two which did no injury; seven had been 
 blown in, and out of seven others the enemy had been 
 driven, and their galleries taken possession of by our 
 miners, results of which the engineer's department 
 may well be proud. 
 
289 
 
 CHAP. XVII. 
 
 CONTINUATION OF THE SIEGE. 
 
 Notes from my Journal. — News of the Fall of Delhi — Position of 
 Alumbagh. — Death of Mr. Thornhill while saving Captain Have- 
 lock's Life. — General Havelock's interesting Letter. — Instances 
 of Mr. Thomhill's Gallantry. — Reward to the Uncovenanted. 
 
 — Lijustice to non-Government Volunteers. — Prize Jewels. 
 
 — General Outram's Division Order. — Reward of our Sepoys. 
 — Auctions in our Garrison. — Brigadier Inglis's Improvements 
 within the old Entrenchments. — Dr. Scott's Hospital Arrange- 
 ments. — Commissariat Reductions. — Our Treasure Exhumed. 
 
 — Sanitary Measures. — Fortifying of our New Positions. — Suc- 
 cessful Explosion of our Mines. — Loss of the Enemy. — Cap- 
 tain Brasyer's Sikhs and our other Troops. — News of Sir Colin 
 Campbell's Approach. — Our Intelligence Department. — Tele- 
 graph Signals. 
 
 I BEGIN this chapter with a few notes from my diary. 
 
 October Sth, — Still hazy, close, and warm. Firing 
 as usual. A shell burst in the midst of Sago's gar- 
 rison, and nearly blew off the head of Mrs. Law- 
 rence, smashing her almirah to pieces. Lieutenant 
 G-. W. Green, a most pleasant companion and brave\ 
 officer, died of dysentery to-day. 
 
 October lOth, — Information was brought to-day' 
 that Delhi has at last been taken, with the loss of 
 u 
 
290 SIEGE OP LUCKNOW. [Oct. 
 
 1300 killed on our side, of the enemy 7000! This 
 is glorious news ! Troops are also said to be coming 
 to our aid from three or four quarters. 
 
 October I2th. — Three regiments are said to be at 
 Alumbagh, which was besieged. Sir James had at- 
 tempted to send out the Volunteer Cavalry some time 
 ago, but they found the enemy in such overwhelm- 
 ing numbers, and so heavy a fire was opened on 
 them, that they were obliged to return to us. With 
 us things are much the same; firing as usual. 
 It is truly annoying to have these faithless mer- 
 cenaries of ours still firing at us from behind loop- 
 holes, and working guns within fifty yards of us. 
 
 Mr. Thornhill, of the civil service, died to-day. 
 WTiile bringing in his cousin Captain Havelock, the 
 Greneral's son, into a place of safety, on the 26th of 
 September, he had been wounded a second time in 
 his arm, which, necessitating amputation, as usual, 
 proved fatal. He had long ago recovered from his 
 bayonet wounds, received on the 18th June in his 
 encounter with the rebels of the military police. 
 
 The following extract of a letter to his brother- 
 in-law, Mr. John Marshman, from General Havelock 
 himself, which has been kindly placed at my disposal, 
 gives the particulars of the manner in which this 
 gallant and high-spirited young man was wounded. 
 
Oct.] MR. THORNHILL's GALLANTRY. 291 
 
 " We got on without much difficulty until opposite the 
 Kaisar Bagh, the palace of the late king. There a fire 
 was opened on us of grape and musketry from an en- 
 trenchment, under which nothing could live. Fortu- 
 nately we were protected first by an embankment and 
 then by some lofty walls, but many men and officers fell, 
 and among them General Neill. Just at this moment 
 intelligence was brought me that Harry (his son) was 
 wounded in the arm. The horse I rode was hit in two 
 places, and I was compelled to mount another. Night 
 was coming on, but we felt the importance of achieving 
 at once a communication with the beleaguered garrison, 
 and restoring their confidence. 
 
 "The Highlanders and the Ferozepore Regiments 
 (Sikhs) were called to the front. Outram and I and 
 three of the Staff rode at their head, and on we dashed 
 through streets of loopholed^houses, from the flat roofs 
 of which a perpetual fire was poured. But our troops 
 were not to be denied. We soon found ourselves at the 
 great gate of the Residency, and entered it in the dark 
 in triumph. Then came three cheers for the leaders, 
 and the joy of the half-famished garrison. 
 
 " You may conceive my anxiety about Harry. Till 
 morning there were no tidings of him, when his cousin, 
 young Bensley Thornhill, who had never seen him, vo- 
 lunteered to go out and look for him. He brought him 
 in on a stretcher, carried by four Highlanders; but, 
 lias! the gallant Thornhill paid dearly for his intrepid 
 exertions. One ball struck him over the right eye, and 
 injured the skull ; another smashed his right fore-arm to 
 u 2 
 
292 SIEGE OF LUCKNOW. [Oct. 
 
 pieces. It was amputated ; but he died, after lingering 
 many days in hospital, leaving my niece (Mr. Thornhill's 
 wife) a young widow. Their only infant they had lost 
 some days before." 
 
 The following extract from a letter of an officer of 
 the Lucknow Grarrison to his brother thus instances 
 some gallant actions of that lamented gentleman : — 
 
 " Bensley Thornhill did a noble thing. A shell fell 
 into the ladies' square, and he ran forward with a jug of 
 water, and poured it over it. At another time he ran 
 out four separate times and brought in wounded men, 
 who would have been tortured by the enemy but for 
 him. He received two severe wounds, of which he died. 
 Poor fellow ! he was so thankful to have been of use." 
 
 Another extract of a letter from Lieut. T. James, 
 Assist.-Commissary-Greneral, "to whose forethought 
 and management," Colonel Inglis says in his report, 
 "it is not too much to say the garrison owe their 
 lives," thus further testifies to Thornhill's gallantry. 
 
 " Poor dear old Bensley Thornhill received a mortal 
 wound, performing a daring action that would have got 
 him the Victoria Cross had he lived. He went out and 
 rescued his wife's cousin. General Havelock's eldest son, 
 who was lying wounded in a doolie, almost in the hands 
 of the enemy, when that force reinforced us. He lost 
 his arm and left temple in the murderous fire which he 
 exposed himself to. Watson and I laid him in his last 
 resting-place." 
 
Oct.] injustice TO VOLUNTEERS. 293 
 
 Poor Thornhill ! He left a mother who had thus 
 been deprived of a noble son, but it will not fail to 
 be a source of the purest satisfaction to her to reflect 
 that he fell in gallantly and generously performing 
 an act of humanity for the relief of another. 
 
 October I5th, — Sir James Outram had visited the 
 various garrisons a few days ago. The volunteers 
 of the uncovenanted service were called together, 
 and were told that, owing to the vigilance, gallantry, 
 zeal, and valour they had displayed in the defence of 
 the siege, they were to receive three months' gratuity. 
 
 No general reward is without injustice. Men like 
 Hill, who had made himself particularly useful in car- 
 rying out conservancy duties, Sinclair, Parry, Kight, 
 Symes, Barsotelli, Greoffry, myself, and others, being 
 in no Grovernment employ, of course get nothing. I 
 tried my best to obtain a few rupees, for, owing to 
 Deprat's death, and the absence of all communications 
 with Calcutta, I had no means of replenishing my 
 purse. Yet with all my endeavours I succeeded in 
 getting only seventy-five rupees. It is really unjust. 
 Why I should have nothing, while others, who did as 
 much or as little as myself, should receive from 150 
 to 1500 rupees, I do not see. Money is again valu- 
 able, for one can occasionally make purchases, par- 
 ticularly of clothes, of which we are much in need. 
 
 U 3 
 
294 SIEGE OF LUCKNOW. [Oct. 
 
 October 16th. — A sham attack to-day. A great 
 search of prize property is making, but will of 
 course end in nothing. People who have the great 
 hauls of jewellery take care of such things. Apropos 
 of valuables : it is stated the Grovernment possess no 
 less than 800,000/. worth of jewellery, lately belong- 
 ing to the ex-King of Oude, a prisoner of ours, in 
 Calcutta. I myself saw cartloads of the most costly 
 diamonds, stones, pearls, gold and silver, in the Ee- 
 sidency. Is the army to have no share of this spoil ? 
 
 The Greneral has issued the following division 
 order, which I copy entire: — 
 
 "Division Order by Major-General Sir James 
 OUTRAM, G. C. B. 
 
 "Head Quarters, Lucknow, October 6th, 1857. 
 
 " The incessant and arduous duties which have de- 
 volved on Brigadier Inglis and his Staff since the arrival 
 of the Relieving Force had hitherto prevented him from 
 furnishing to the Major-General Commanding the usual 
 Official documents relative to the siege of the garrison. 
 
 " In the absence of these, the Major-General could 
 not with propriety have indulged in any public declara- 
 tion of the admiration with which he regards the 
 heroism displayed by Brigadier Inglis and the glorious 
 garrison he has so ably commanded during the last 
 three months, and he has been reluctantly obliged to 
 
Oct.] general OUTRAM's DIVISION ORDER. 295 
 
 defer therefore so long tlie expression of the sentiments 
 he was desirous to offer. 
 
 "But the Major-General having at length received 
 Brigadier Inglis* Reports, is relieved from the necessity 
 of further silence, and he hastens to tender to the 
 Brigadier, and to every individual member of the gar- 
 rison, the assurance of his confidence that their services 
 will be regarded by the Government under which they 
 are immediately serving, by the British nation, and by 
 Her Gracious Majesty, with equal admiration to that 
 with which he is himself impressed. 
 
 " The Major-General believes that the annals of 
 warfare contain no brighter page than that which will 
 record the bravery, fortitude, vigilance, and patient 
 endurance of hardships, privation, and fatigue, displayed 
 by the garrison of Lucknow, and he is very conscious 
 that his unskilled pen must needs fail adequately to 
 convey to the Right Honourable the Governor-General 
 of India, and His Excellency the Commander-in-Chief, 
 the profound sense of the merits of that garrison which 
 has been forced on his mind by a careful consideration 
 of the almost incredible difficulties with which they 
 have had to contend. 
 
 "The term 'illustrious' was well and happily ap- 
 plied, by a former Governor-General of India, to the 
 garrison of Jellalabad, but some far more laudatory 
 epithet, if such the English language contains, is due, 
 the Major-General considers, to the brave men whom 
 Brigadier Inglis has commanded, with undeviating sue- 
 
 U 4 
 
296 SIEGE OF LUCKNOW. [OcT. 
 
 cess and untarnished honour, through the late memorable 
 siege ; for while the devoted band of heroes who so 
 nobly maintained the honour of their country's arms 
 under Sir R. Sale were seldom exposed to actual attack, 
 the Lucknow garrison of inferior strength have in 
 addition to a series of fierce assaults, gallantly and suc- 
 cessfully repulsed, been for three months exposed to a 
 nearly incessant fire from strong and commanding 
 positions, held by an enemy of overwhelming force, 
 possessing powerful artillery, having at their command 
 the whole resources of what was but recently a king- 
 dom, and animated by an insane and blood-thirsty 
 fanaticism. 
 
 " It is a source of heartfelt satisfaction to the Major- 
 General to be able, to a certain extent, to confer on 
 the native portion of the garrison an instalment of 
 those rewards which their gallant and grateful Com- 
 mander has sought for them, and which he is very 
 certain the Governor-General will bestow in full ; and 
 though the Major- General, as regards the European 
 portion of the garrison, cannot do more than give his 
 most earnest and hearty support to the recommendations 
 of the Brigadier, he feels assured that the Governor- 
 General of India will fully and publicly manifest his 
 appreciation of their distinguished services, and that 
 oar beloved Sovereign will herself deign to convey to 
 them some gracious expression of royal approbation of 
 their conduct. 
 
 " Brigadier Inglis has borne generous testimony to 
 the bravery, vigilance, devotedness, and good conduct 
 
Oct.] auctions ]N OUR GARRISON. 297 
 
 of all ranks ; and to all ranks, as the local representa- 
 tive of the British Indian Government, the Major- 
 General tenders his warmest acknowledgments. He 
 would fain offer his special congratulations and thanks 
 to the European and Eurasian portion of the garrison 
 whom Brigadier Inglis has particularly noticed; but 
 by doing so he would forestall the Governor- General 
 in the exercise of what the Major-General is assured 
 will be one of the most pleasing acts of his official 
 life." 
 
 The native soldiers who had, through so many 
 dangers, adhered to our cause, were well rewarded. 
 All were promoted one or two steps, and we have 
 no. private native soldiers now any longer in the 
 garrison. 
 
 Oct. 1 1th. — I attended an auction of deceased 
 officers' property ; the prices which prevailed were as 
 high as ever. For an old flannel coat, 5 1 rupees ; 
 15 cheroots for 51 rupees; 25 rupees for three old 
 cooking utensils ; and other things equally ex- 
 orbitant. 
 
 No more news of troops, so the three regiments at 
 Alumbagh are myths. 
 
 Oct, 20th. — The cold weather is setting in fast. 
 The "Babalogue" were very quiet yesterday, but last 
 night they made a determined rush at the Cawnpore 
 battery, under some idea that our guns had been 
 
298 SIEGE OF LUCKNOW. [Oct. 
 
 removed, but a smart dose of griape, promptly ad- 
 ministered, had the effect of soon dispersing them. 
 
 Oct 2\st. — Siege progressing much as usual. 
 Heavy firing is heard in the Alumbagh direction, so 
 that it is evident our men there are attacked. 
 
 An apothecary apprentice, named Dallicott, was 
 killed to-day in his bed in the Convalescent Hospital. 
 Both his legs and a portion of his stomach were 
 carried off by a round shot. 
 
 Oct 23rd. — We have spies in. The firing on the 
 21st was an attack on Alumbagh. We lost some 
 elephants while out foraging, some say two, others 
 eleven. 
 
 Oct 26th. — An auction of prize property to-day. 
 Old shawls sold at very high prices. 
 
 Oct 28th. — News brought in that the Delhi bri- 
 gade has arrived at Cawnpore after fighting two 
 battles, in which the insurgents were well beaten. 
 
 Oct SOth. — Attended an auction to-day. Brandy 
 sold at 54 rupees the bottle; some hermetically 
 sealed provisions at equally ridiculously high prices. 
 People gladly pay any sum for provisions. After 
 our meals are over we feel a deplorable emptiness ; 
 over eating is no complaint with us. We live in a 
 perfect G-reat Sahara of wants. However, the Com- 
 mander-in-Chief is coming to relieve us. Let us see 
 
Oct.] dr. SCOTT'S HOSPITAL ARRAKGEMENTS. 299 
 
 if this proves true, or if it is only to be added to the 
 great mass of unredeemed expectancies. 
 
 In the interior economy of the old entrenchments 
 many improvements had been effected by Brigadier 
 Inglis and his staff. The magazine was remodelled, 
 and the laboratories removed to the post office and 
 the Bailey-guard treasury, where cartridges for the 
 musket and Enfield rifle, fusees for shells, quick and 
 slow matches, wads, sacks for sandbags, &c. were 
 prepared under the direction of Major North and 
 other officers. The shots and shells w^ere piled up, 
 and the spare wood, lead, and iron collected from the 
 palaces. Captain Thomas, commissary of ordnance, 
 had the superintendence of this labour. 
 
 Dr. Scott, the superintending surgeon, busied him- 
 self in making arrangements for the comfort of the 
 sick and wounded. A room in the emambarah of 
 the Begum Kothee had been made over by the 
 Brigadier for the reception of wounded officers, and 
 the jail had been converted into a convalescent 
 hospital. Two large tents were pitched before the 
 general hospital, to give shelter to the very large 
 number of wounded who had hitherto been crowded 
 into one room. Beds and beddings were also made 
 from the plunder in the palaces. 
 
 I have already alluded to the commissariat re- 
 
300 SIEGE OF LUCKNOW. [Oct. 
 
 ductions, and their absolute necessity. I should, 
 however, mention that praise is due to the economy 
 enforced by Captain James, the Assistant-commissary- 
 general, and Captains Boileau, 7th Light Cavalry, 
 and Vanrenen, commissariat officers, as well as to 
 Mr. Yerbury, the head assistant in the department. 
 For the Oude field force, Captain M'Bean efficiently 
 carried out the commissariat arrangements. 
 
 We had about 23 lakhs of rupees buried under 
 ground, near the Eesidency; this was exhumed, 
 and made over to the officers of the treasury. 
 
 In the palaces similar improvements were carried 
 out, and Dr. Ogilvie, the Sanitary Commissioner, was 
 active enough. In every corner of the gardens and 
 outhouses were dead bodies at one time to be seen, 
 in the most horrible and disgusting positions, and 
 with the most frightful wounds about them. Several 
 of them were Africans. These were dragged by ropes 
 to the river side and thrown into the Groomtee; 
 horses were buried, and cleanliness again enforced as 
 much as possible. 
 
 The palaces, as I have already observed, were con- 
 tinuing to be fortified as much as lay in the power 
 of our officers. The enemy's fire and attacks seemed 
 now to be rather directed at these new entrenchments 
 than at the old ones. Captain Lockhart and his gal- 
 
Oct.] successful EXPLOSION OF OUR MINES. 301 
 
 lant 78th Highlanders had to defend a very dangerous 
 and . exposed post, and so had Captains Rattray, 
 Wade, and Moorsom. The latter officer had placed 
 a piquet at a building commanding the Khas bazaar, 
 whose long colonnades formed a complete street. 
 Our piquet house was blown up by the enemy ; and 
 during the attack of the 6th, to which I have already 
 alluded, in which the insurgents were so completely 
 defeated, Lieutenant-Colonel Purnell and Captain 
 jSIoorsom particularly distinguished themselves. 
 
 The enemy, however, could not then be driven 
 out of a portion of the palaces, which they had 
 maintained possession of after exploding a mine. 
 Colonel Napier, accompanied by Colonels Purnell and 
 Moorsome, however, reconnoitred the enemy's posi- 
 tion one dark night with perfect success, and Lieute- 
 nant Russell, of the Engineers, was then directed to 
 attempt to blow up the mosque which the enemy 
 maintained. He was perfectly successful ; a great 
 number of insurgents were blown into the air, and 
 we obtained a capital point to command the Khas 
 bazaar from. This was maintained by the daring 
 Colonel Purnell (H.M. 90th), in spite of every at- 
 tempt of the enemy to drive him out. 
 
 Captain Brasyer with his Sikhs, Captain Gralway 
 with his Madras Fusiliers, Lieutenant Meara with his 
 
302 SIEGE OP LUCKNOW. [Oct. 
 
 5th Fusiliers, and Captain Shute with his 64ths, and 
 Captain Willis and his 84th men, maintained also 
 very difficult positions in the new entrenchments. 
 
 We now heard that Sir Colin Campbell, urged by 
 Sir James Outram, was approaching Lucknow. The 
 joy which this news diffused is more easily imagined 
 than described. We thus looked forward to certain 
 relief, and already anticipated the pleasure we should 
 have in again seeing our friends in other stations 
 in India; we doubted not that we should be per- 
 mitted to leave with the ladies and the wounded, for 
 none of us either desired or contemplated the entire 
 evacuation of Oude:. 
 
 Owing to the excellent arrangements carried out 
 by Captains Alexander Orr and Carnegie, at the head 
 of the Intelligence Department, many messengers 
 could be despatched, who were able, not only to reach 
 their destination, but also to bring in replies to the 
 letters of our generals. We thus learnt that Sir 
 Colin Campbell had arrived at Alumbagh on the 10th 
 of November, and had relieved the gallant little 
 garrison that had been besieged there, but who 
 had many more luxuries than we. The natives, 
 servants, and camp followers, however, most of them, 
 had deserted on account of there not being sufficient 
 wheat in the store-room. They all had to work at 
 
Oct.] telegraph SIGNALS. 303 
 
 the fortifications, which were carried on with great 
 vigour, nor did they receive any rations until they 
 had performed a certain amount of labour. 
 
 Our authorities had invented a capital way of com- 
 mimicating with the Alumbagh by means of different 
 coloured flags, the key having been transmitted by a 
 spy. This superseded the necessity of sending mes- 
 sengers through a hostile country, and we could con- 
 verse from the terrace of the Kesidency somewhat in 
 the same way as ships signal to each other, but far 
 less perfectly. And here I would take this oppor- 
 tunity of recommending the advisability of our com- 
 manders being furnished with signal books, like those 
 published by Lloyd's. Had we had these means of 
 communication during the first siege, what anxiety 
 would have been spared to us ! 
 
304 SIEGE OF LUCKNOW. [Nov. 
 
 CHAP. XVIII. 
 
 KAVANAGh's exploit. — OUR OFFENSIVE OPERATIONS. 
 
 Mr. Kavanagh volunteers to carry Despatches. — His interesting 
 Narrative. — Mrs, Kavanagh. — Lieutenant Hutchinson's Mines. 
 — Havelock's offensive Operations. — Explosion of our Mines. — 
 Our Attacks upon the Hirukhana, Engine House, King's Stables, 
 Captain Lockhart's Post. — Ardour of our Troops. — Havelock's 
 Success. — Our Casualties. 
 
 Plans were to be forwarded to Sir Colin Campbell ; 
 but as it was necessary that he should have them 
 explained by some intelligent person, who could give 
 him every information respecting the different 
 localities, and who could act as a guide in whom 
 every confidence could be reposed, Mr. Kavanagh, 
 a civilian, who had already distinguished himself in 
 several sorties, which he accompanied in his capa- 
 city as assistant-field engineer, volunteered to go 
 himself into the Commander-in-Chief's camp. Not- 
 withstanding the very great dangers he would have 
 to face, trusting in his own courage and his good 
 fortune, he set out, and succeeded in reaching Sir 
 Colin Campbell in safety. Had he fallen into the 
 
Nov.j MR. KAVANAGH'S NARRATIVE. 305 
 
 enemy's hands he would undoubtedly have suffered 
 a death of cruelty the most refined which these 
 barbarian insurgents could have invented. But I 
 will let Mr. Kavanagh tell his own story. 
 
 ^^ Narrative of my escape from the British Entrenchment 
 at Lucknow to the Camp of Sir Colin Campbell near 
 BunneCj for the purpose of acting as his Guide in his 
 advance for the relief of the besieged Garrison. 
 
 "While passing through the entrenchment of Luck- 
 now about ten o'clock a.m. on the 9th instant, I learnt 
 that a spy had come in from Cawnpore, and that he was 
 going back in the night as far as Alumbagh with des- 
 patches to His Excellency Sir Colin Campbell, the 
 Commander-in-Chief, who, it was said, was approaching 
 Lucknow with five or six thousand men. 
 
 " I sought out the spy, whose name is Kunoujee Lai, 
 and who was in the Court of the Deputy-Commissioner 
 of Duriabad before the outbreak in Oude. He had taken 
 letters from the entrenchment before, but I had never 
 seen him till now. I found him intelligent, and im- 
 parted to him my desire to venture in disguise to Alum- 
 bagh in his company. He hesitated a great deal at 
 acting as my guide, but made no attempt to exaggerate 
 the dangers of the road. He merely urged that there 
 was more chance of detection by our going together, and 
 proposed that we should take different roads and meet 
 outside of the city, to which I objected. I left him to 
 X 
 
306 SIEGE OF LUCKNOW. [Nov. 
 
 transact some business, my mind dwelling all tlie time 
 on the means of accomplishing my object. 
 
 " I had some days previously witnessed the preparation 
 of plans which were being made by direction of Sir 
 James Outram to assist the Commander-in-Chief in his 
 march into Lucknow for the relief of the besieged, and 
 it then occurred to me that some one with the requisite 
 local knowledge ought to attempt to reach His Excel- 
 lency's camp beyond or at Alumbagh. The news of 
 Sir Colin Campbell's advance revived the ideas, and I 
 made up my mind to go myself, at two o'clock, after 
 finishing the business I was engaged upon. I mentioned 
 to Colonel R. Napier, chief of Sir James Outram's staff, 
 that I was willing to proceed through the enemy to 
 Alumbagh, if the General thought my doing, so would 
 be of service to the Commander-in-Chief. He was sur- 
 prised at the offer, and seemed to regard the enterprise 
 as fraught with too much danger to be assented to, but 
 lie did me the favour of communicating the offer to Sir 
 James Outram, because he considered that my zeal 
 deserved to be brought to his notice. 
 
 " Sir James did not encourage me to undertake the 
 journey, declaring that he thought it so dangerous that 
 he would not himself have asked any officer to attempt 
 it. I, however, spoke so confidently of success, and 
 treated the dangers so lightly, that he at last yielded, 
 and did me the honour of adding that if I succeeded in 
 reaching the Commander-in-Chief, my knowledge would 
 be a great help to him. 
 
 " I secretly arranged for a disguise, so that my depar- 
 
Nov.] MR KAVANAGH'S NARRATIVE. 307 
 
 ture might not be known to my wife, as she was not well 
 enough to bear the prospect of an eternal separation. 
 ^YheIi I left home about seven o'clock in the evening, 
 she thought I was going on duty for the night to the 
 mines, for I was working as an assistant-field-engineer 
 by order of Sir James Outram. 
 
 "By half-past seven o'clock my disguise was com- 
 pleted, and when I entered the room of Colonel Napier 
 no one in it recognised me. I was dressed as a Bud- 
 mash, or as an irregular soldier of the city, with sword 
 and shield, native-made shoes, tight trowsers, a yellow 
 silk koortah over a tight-fitting white muslin shirt, a 
 yellow-coloured chintz sheet thrown round my shoulders, 
 a cream-coloured turban, and a white waistband or 
 kumurbund. My face down to the shoulders, and my 
 liands to the wrists, were coloured with lamp black, the 
 cork used being dipped in oil to cause the colour to ad- 
 here a little. I could get nothing better. I had little 
 confidence in the disguise of my features, and I trusted 
 more to the darkness of the night : but Sir James Out- 
 ram and his staff seemed satisfied, and, after being pro- 
 vided with a small double-barrelled pistol, and a pair of 
 broad pyj amahs over the tight drawers,* I proceeded with 
 Kunoujee Lai to the right bank of the river Goomtee, 
 running north of our entrenchment, accompanied by 
 Lieutenant Hardinge of the Irregular Cavalry. 
 
 "Here we undressed and quietly forded the river, which 
 
 was only about four feet and a half deep and about a 
 
 liundred yards wide at this point. My courage failed me 
 
 while in the water, and if my guide had been within 
 
 X 2 
 
308 SIEGE or LUCKNOW. [Nov. 
 
 reach, I should perhaps have pulled him back and aban- 
 doned the enterprise. But he waded quickly through 
 the stream, and, reaching the opposite bank, went crouch- 
 ing up a ditch for three hundred yards to a grove of low 
 trees on the edge of a pond, w^here we stopped to dress. 
 While we were here a man came down to the pond to 
 wash, and went away again without observing us. 
 
 "My confidence now returned to me, and with my tul- 
 war resting on my shoulder, we advanced into the huts 
 in front, where I accosted a matchlockman, who answered 
 to my remark, that the night was cold, ' It is very cold ; 
 in fact, it is a cold night.' I passed him, adding that it 
 would be colder by and bye. 
 
 " After going six or seven hundred yards further, we 
 reached the iron bridge over the Goomtee, where we 
 were stopped and called over by a native officer, who was 
 seated in an upper-storied house and seemed to be in 
 command of a cavalry piquet, whose horses were near 
 the place saddled. My guide advanced to the light, and 
 I stayed a little back in the shade. After being told that 
 we had come from Mundeon (our old cantonment, and 
 then in the possession of the enemy), and that we were 
 going into the city to our homes, he let us proceed. We 
 continued on along the left bank of the river to the 'stone 
 bridge, which is about eight or nine hundred yards from 
 the iron bridge, passing unnoticed through a number of 
 sepoys and matchlockmen, some of whom were escorting 
 persons of rank in palanquins preceded by torches. 
 
 " Recrossing the Goomtee by the stone bridge, we went 
 by a sentry unobserved, who was closely questioning a 
 
Nov.] MR. KAVANAGH'S NARRATIVE. 309 
 
 dirtily-dressed native, and into the chouk, or principal 
 street of the city of Lucknow, which was not illuminated 
 as much as it used to be previous to the siege, nor was 
 it so crowded. I jostled against several armed men in 
 the street without being spoken to, and only met one 
 guard of seven sepoys, who were amusing themselves 
 with some women of pleasure. 
 
 " When issuing from the city into the country we were 
 challenged by a chowkeedar or watchman, who, without 
 stopping us, merely asked us who we were. The part 
 of the city traversed that night by me seemed to have 
 been deserted by at least a third of its inhabitants. 
 
 " I was in great spirits when we reached the green 
 fields, into which I had not been for five months. Every 
 thing around us smelt sweet, and a carrot I took from 
 the road side was the most delicious I had ever tasted. 
 I gave vent to my feelings in a conversation with 
 Kunoujee Lai, who joined in my admiration of the pro- 
 vince of Oude, and lamentation that it was now in the 
 hands of wretches whose misgovernment and rapacity 
 were ruining it. 
 
 " A further walk of a few miles was accomplished in 
 liigh spirits. But there was trouble before us. We had 
 taken the wrong road, and were now quite out of our 
 way in the Dilkooshah Park, which was occupied by the 
 enemy. I went within twenty yards of two guns to see 
 what strength they were, and returned to the guide, who 
 was in great alarm, and begged I would not distrust him 
 because of the mistake, as it was caused by his anxiety 
 to take me away from the piquets of the enemy. I bade 
 X 3 
 
310 SIEGE OF LUCKNOW. [Nov. 
 
 him not to be frightened of me, for I was not annoyed, 
 as such accidents were not unfrequent even when there 
 was no danger to be avoided. It was now about mid- 
 night. We endeavoured to persuade a cultivator who 
 was watching his crop to show us the way for a short 
 distance, but he urged old age and lameness, and another 
 whom I peremptorily told to come with us ran off scream- 
 ing, and alarmed the whole village. We next walked 
 quickly away into the canal, running under the Char- 
 bagh, in which I fell several times, owing to my shoes 
 being wet and slippery and my feet sore. The shoes 
 were hard and tight, and had rubbed the skin off my 
 toes, and cut into the flesh above the heels. 
 
 " In two hours more we were again on the right di- 
 rection, two women in a village we passed having kindly 
 helped us to find it ; about two o'clock we reached an 
 advanced piquet of sepoys, who told us the way, after 
 asking where we had come from and whither we were 
 going. I thought it safer to go up to the piquet than 
 to try to pass them unobserved. 
 
 " Kunoujee Lai now begged I would not press him to 
 take me into Alumbagh, as he did not know the way in, 
 and the enemy were strongly posted around the place. 
 I was tired and in pain from the shoes, and would there- 
 fore have preferred going into Alumbagh ; but as the 
 guide feared attempting it, I desired him to go on to the 
 camp of the Commander-in-Chief, which he said was 
 near Bunnee (a village eighteen miles from Lucknow), 
 upon the Cawnpore road. The moon had risen by this 
 time, and ^ve could see well ahead. 
 
Nov.] MR. KAVANAGH'S NARRATIVE. 311 
 
 " By three o'clock we arrived at a grove of mango 
 trees, situated on a plain, in which a man was singing at 
 the top of his voice. I thought he was a villager, but 
 he got alarmed on hearing us approach, and astonished 
 us too bj calling out a guard of twentj-five sepoys, all 
 of whom asked questions. Kunoujee Lai here lost heart 
 for the first time, and threw away the letter entrusted to 
 him for Sir Colin Campbell. I kept mine safe in my 
 turban. We satisfied the guard that we were poor men 
 travelling to Umroula, a village two miles this side of 
 the chief's camp, to inform a friend of the death of his 
 brother by a shot from the British entrenchment at 
 Lucknow, and they told us the road. They appeared to 
 be greatly relieved on discovering that it was not their 
 terrible foe, who was only a few miles in advance of 
 them. We went in the direction indicated by them, and 
 after walking for half an hour we got into a jheel or 
 swamp, which are numerous and large in Oude. We 
 had to wade through it for two hours up to our waists 
 in water, and through weeds ; but before we found out 
 that we were in a jheel, we had gone too far to recede. 
 I was nearly exhausted on getting out of the water, 
 having made great exertions to force our way through 
 the weeds, and to prevent the colour being washed off 
 my face. It was nearly gone from my hands. 
 
 "I now rested for fifteen minutes, despite of the re- 
 monstrances of the guide, and went forward, passing 
 between two piquets of the enemy, who had no sentries 
 thrown out. It was near four o'clock in the morning 
 when I stopped at the corner of a tope or grove of trees 
 
 X 4 
 
312 SIEGE OF LUCKNOW. [Nov. 
 
 to sleep for an hour, which Kunoujee Lai entreated I 
 would not do ; but I thought he overrated the danger, 
 and, lying down, I told him to see if there was any one 
 in the grove who would tell him where we then were. 
 
 "We had not gone far when I heard the English 
 challenge, ' Who comes there,' with a native accent. We 
 had reached a British cavalry outpost ; my eyes filled 
 with joyful tears, and I shook tlie Sikh officer in charge 
 of the piquet heartily by the hand. The old soldier 
 was as pleased as myself when he heard from whence I 
 liad come, and he was good enough to send two of his 
 men to conduct me to the camp of the advanced guard. 
 An officer of H. M. 9th Lancers, who was visiting his 
 piquets, met me on the way, and took me to his tent, 
 where I got dry stockings and trousers, and, what I 
 much needed, a glass of brandy, a liquor I had not tasted 
 for nearly two months. 
 
 " I thanked God for having safely conducted me 
 through this dangerous enterprise, and Kunoujee Lai for 
 the courage and intelligence with which he had conducted 
 himself during this trying night. When we were ques- 
 tioned he let me speak as little as possible. He always 
 had a ready answer ; and I feel that I am indebted to 
 him in a great measure more than to myself for my 
 escape. It will give me great satisfaction to hear that 
 he has been suitably rewarded. 
 
 " In undertaking this enterprise, I was actuated by a 
 sense of duty, believing that I could be of use to his Ex- 
 cellency the Commander-in-Chief, when approaching, 
 for its relief, the besieged garrison, which had heroically 
 
Nov.] MRS. KAVANAGH. 313 
 
 resisted the attack of thirty limes its own number for 
 nearly five months, within a weak and irregular en- 
 trenchment; and secondly, because I was anxious to 
 perform some service which would ensure to me the 
 honour of wearing our most gracious Majesty's cross. 
 
 " My reception by Sir Colin Campbell and his staff 
 was cordial and kind to the utmost degree ; and if I 
 never have more than the remembrance of their con- 
 descension and of the heartfelt congratulations of Sir 
 James Outram and of all the officers of his garrison, on 
 my safe return to them, I shall not repine ; though, to be 
 sure, having the Victoria Cross would make me a prouder 
 and a happier man. 
 
 "James Kavanagh. 
 
 •' Camp, Alumbagh, 24th November, 1857." 
 
 The flag hoisted next day at twelve o'clock on the top 
 of the Alumbagh building apprised us of Kavanagh's 
 safe arrival. Every one was delighted at this, and 
 none more so than Sir James Outram. I visited 
 Mrs. Kavanagh, and congratulated her on the success 
 which had attended her husband's dangerous expe- 
 dition. I found her vexed and annoyed, and yet 
 delighted ; and she had reason to be so. No reward, 
 indeed, would be too great for this brave man ; and 
 as neither Sir Colin nor Sir James has forgotten 
 his services, he will doubtless not have reason to 
 
314 SIEGE OF LUCKNOW. [Nov. 
 
 regret having exposed his life for the public good. 
 Every civilian in the garrison felt proud that this en- 
 terprise had been undertaken by a non-military man ; 
 but at the same time there was no officer or soldier 
 who envied him the honour he had earned for 
 himself, and the good fortune which is of course in 
 store for him. 
 
 Lieutenant Hutchinson meanwhile continued min- 
 ing and countermining from Lockhart's post, erecting 
 cannon-proof barricades, and making loopholes along 
 the walls, so as to command the Khas bazaar. This 
 officer showed the most consummate skill and the 
 most unflinching courage throughout the very danger- 
 ous and difficult operations he was carrying on against 
 the enemy. Even when the insurgents succeeded 
 in exploding their mines. Lieutenant Hutchinson's 
 measures were so well taken that they gained nothing 
 by them. Being prepared against all contingencies, 
 barricades, where breaches had been effected, were 
 erected, expeditiously, carefully, and silently. On 
 several occasions he had reasons to congratulate him-, 
 self on the eminent success which attended him in 
 these difficult undertakings. The enemy's shafts 
 were destroyed in all directions, their miners killed, 
 and listening galleries everywhere prepared. In these 
 operations Lieutenant Hutchinson was aided by 
 
Nov.] ATTACKS UPON OUR POSTS. 315 
 
 Lieutenant Tulloch ; Sergeant Day, 32nd; Lieutenant 
 Hay, 78th Highlanders; and Corporal Thompson, of 
 the same corps. 
 
 As Sir Colin approached the city, our offensive 
 operations to assist the Commander-in-Chief in his 
 movements were carried on with vigour. Opposite 
 the Cavalier battery were the buildings of the Moty 
 Mahal palaces, called the Hirn Khana (or "deer- 
 house"); the Kal Khana (or " engine-room"), the king's 
 stable, and the house next to the observatory, for- 
 merly the residence of Captain Bunbury, and now 
 kno^vn as the mess-house, where the officers of the 
 32nd used to dine before the outbreak. These mines 
 had been prepared by Captain Crommelin to effect 
 breaches in the Hirn Khana. Unfortunately they 
 had been charged for the 14th' Nov., and the attack 
 was delayed till the 16th. The powder, consequdtly, 
 had become damped, and when they were fired" did 
 not explode with the expected force. This occurred 
 on the afternoon of the 16th. ► 
 
 The one at the north corner of the advanced gar- 
 den effected a breach ; the centre mine failed, and the 
 third, owing to its having already reached 290 feet 
 without air-pipes, and not being able to be examii^fed, 
 nor the distance to the wall of the Hirn Khana sur- 
 veyed, exploded a few feet short. The guns of our 
 
316 SIEGE OF LUCKNOW. [Nov. 
 
 batteries were therefore required to batter down the 
 walls. 
 
 Lieut. Hutchinson^ with a party of the 64th under 
 Captain Adolphe Orr, then sortied out, and took pos- 
 session of the house where the latter had resided. 
 Lieutenant Hall, with the 84th under Captain Willis, 
 stormed the Hirn Khana, and loopholed the walls 
 dividing it from the Kaiserbagh. Lieutenants Limond 
 and Chalmers, accompanied by a detachment of the 
 90th under Colonel Purnell, advanced to the engine- 
 house, drove the enemy out of it, and took possession 
 of the most advanced building of that post. The 
 enemy opening their guns on it from the Kaiserbagh, 
 however, compelled its abandonment, and Colonel 
 Purnell ordered it to be burnt. The east wall of its 
 baradurree, or great gateway, was loopholed by the 
 engineer officers, and during the night a battery 
 was erected and a trench-way made to our advanced 
 gardens. 
 
 Captains Eussell and Oakes at the same time ad- 
 vanced upon the king's stables, with a detachment 
 of the 78th Highlanders, commanded by Captain 
 Lockhart. They found the enemy hard pressed by 
 our soldiers, from the Hirn Khana, and retreating. 
 Many of the 78th, unable to restrain themselves, 
 rushed forward to follow up the flying rebels, and 
 were with difficulty made to give over the pursuit. 
 
Nov.] OUR CASUALTIES. 317 
 
 The position was then secured, and made over 
 to the charge of Colonel Purnell and the 90th. 
 Lieutenant Meara and a detachment of the 5th 
 Fusiliers, and 100 men of the Sikh regiment of 
 Ferozepore commanded by Lieutenant Cross, at the 
 same time issued from other parts into the Hirn 
 Khana, engine house and king's stables. Major 
 Eyre from one battery, Captain Olpherts from another, 
 and Captain Maude from a battery of three mortars, 
 firing simultaneously, did great damage in the enemy's 
 ranks. Our troops, so long inactive, had rushed on, 
 determined to conquer or fall, and they were suc- 
 cessful in every point. 
 
 These operations had been undertaken under the 
 direction of Sir James Outram and the immediate 
 orders and eye of Major-Greneral Havelock, and were 
 intended to aid Sir Colin Campbell while operating 
 from the Secimdrabagh. Lieutenant C. W. Havelock, 
 12th Irregular Cavahy, the General's nephew, and 
 Lieutenants Moorsome, Hudson, and Hargood, on his 
 stafif, were conspicuous in effectively carrying out the 
 General's aid. In these operations our loss was, two 
 officers wounded ; seven non-commissioned officers 
 and men killed, and twenty-three wouncied — many, 
 I regret to say, mortally and dangerously. 
 
318 SIEGE OF LUCKNOW. [Nov. 
 
 CHAP. XIX. 
 
 Sir Colin Campbell advances upon Lucknow. — His Force. — Lieu- 
 tenant Gough's brilliant Charge. — Capture of the Delkusha. — 
 Attack upon the Martiniere College. — Captain Bourchier repulses 
 the Enemy. — Advance upon the Secundrabagh. — Brigadier Hope's 
 Charge. — Storming of the Secundrabagh Buildings. — The Enemy's 
 desperate Kesistance. — Emulation between Europeans and Sikhs. 
 — Immense Slaughter of the Rebels. — Brigadier- General Grant's 
 and Captain Peel's Naval Brigade. — Assault on the Shah 
 NudgufF. — Attack upon the Mess House. — Capture of the 
 Observatory. — Enemy's Attack repulsed. — Meeting between 
 Sir Colin Campbell and Generals Outram and Havelock. — 
 Havelock's Harangue. — His wonderful Self-command. — Officers 
 who distinguished themselves. — Mr. Kavanagh's and Lord 
 
 Seymour's Services. — Sir Colin Campbell's Despatch Sir Colin's 
 
 Losses. — List of Officers killed. 
 
 Sir Colin Campbell had meanwhile left Cawnpore 
 on the 9th November, and joining the troops under 
 the command of Brigadier Hope Grant, pitched his 
 tents at Bunnee about seven miles from Alumbagh. 
 The force consisted of eight guns of Captain Peel's 
 Naval Brigade, ten guns of Horse Artillery, six light 
 field guns, and the heavy field battery of the Koyal 
 Artillery, Her Majesty's 9th Lancers, detachments of 
 Sikh Cavalry and Hudson's Horse, and Her Majesty's 
 8th, 53rd, 75th, and 93rd regiments of Foot, two 
 
Nov.] SIR COLIN CAMPBELL'S ADVANCE. 319 
 
 regiments of Punjab Infantry, and a small body of 
 Native Sappers and Miners; altogether about 2700 
 infantry, and 700 cavalry. 
 
 After a brilliant charge by Lieutenant Grough, com- 
 manding Hodson's Irregular Horse, in which the enemy 
 who had attacked the advanced guard had been beaten 
 and despatched, the force moved on to the Alumbagh. 
 Leaving his baggage there under the charge of the 
 gallant 75th, Sir Colin, reinforced by about 700 more 
 men, consisting of a detachment of Her Majesty's 23rd 
 Royal Welsh Fusiliers and the 82nd Foot, together with 
 two guns of Madras Artillery, some Royal Artillery- 
 men, military train, and Royal Engineers, proceeded 
 to the Delkusha (" Heart's delight "), a hunting castle 
 of the former Kings of Oude, situated in a splendid 
 and very extensive park, on an eminence of natural 
 formation. 
 
 The advanced guard, which had been reinforced 
 by companies of the 5th, 64th, and 78th, under 
 Colonel Hamilton of the latter corps, were attacked 
 by a heavy musketry fire from the enemy. The 
 enemy were defeated, driven across the canal which 
 intersects the park, and pursued past the Marti- 
 ni^re College, which the enemy also were compelled 
 to abandon. This building, known as Constantia 
 House, is also in the centre of an extensive wood of 
 mango trees, and capitally adapted for defence. It is 
 
320 SIEGE OF LUCKNOW. [Nov. 
 
 only half a mile from Delkusha. Such terror did 
 our men, however, inspire in the insurgents, that, 
 after a desultory fight of short duration, they finally 
 abandoned it, and left it in their possession. The 
 Coriimander-in-Chief then made the Delkusha park 
 his head-quarters, being provided with a fortnight's 
 provisions for his own and our force. 
 
 An attack of the enemy on his advanced guard was 
 quickly repulsed by Captain Bourchier's field battery, 
 Captain Peel's heavy guns, 6 8 -pounders, the 53rd, 
 93rd, and the 4th Sikhs, and pursued by the 
 9th Lancers. This happened on the 12th ; and on 
 the 14th the rear-guard, commanded by Lieutenant- 
 Colonel Ewart, Her Majesty's 93rd, with Captain 
 Blunt's Horse Artillery, and Colonel Crawford, Koyal 
 Artillery, joined him, having been much molested by 
 the enemy's skirmishers, who hovered about him. 
 
 On the 16th, according to preconcerted arrange- 
 ments, and in conjunction with Greneral Havelock's 
 movements. Sir Colin advanced towards us, through 
 Secundrabagh, with his whole force, leaving the 8th 
 to protect his camp at the Delkusha. The Secun- 
 drabagh (" Alexander's Grarden ") is a very extensive 
 building, of strong masonry, in the midst of a large 
 garden, encircled by a highwall, — now loopholed in 
 all directions, — and having barred windows all round. 
 
Nov.] ADVANCE UPON THE SECUNDRABAGH. 321 
 
 Its natural advantages for defence were made the most 
 of by a now desperate enemy, who evidently had de- 
 termined to defend it to the last. It had been strongly 
 garrisoned by the insurgents, a great number of whom 
 occupied a village also, through which our force had 
 to march to reach their destination. 
 
 Brigadier the Honourable Adrian Hope first led up 
 his column. As they advanced, a fire was opened 
 upon our troops, who were consequently ordered to 
 move on in skirmishing order. Captain Blunt's Horse 
 Artillery, and Captain Travers' Royal Artillery hea\7' 
 field guns were quickly brought up to answer the 
 enemy's fire, which they did most effectively, in spite 
 of a galling musketry fire with which the insurgents 
 welcomed them from Secundrabagh as well as the 
 village. Brigadier Hope now gallantly dashed on- 
 wards with his advanced guard, and after a well-sus- 
 tained resistance, drove the enemy out of the latter 
 position into the main building. 
 
 To the left of the village the enemy held a line of 
 barracks outside of the Secundrabagh. This point 
 a party of the 93rd Highlanders, under Lieutenant- 
 Colonel Hay, and a detachment of the 53rd, under 
 Captain Walton, attacked in the most daring manner, 
 and, aided by Captain Blunt's gun, they dislodged the 
 enemy. The Highlanders, who were the first in, then 
 
 Y 
 
322 SIEGE OF LUCKNOW. [Nov. 
 
 occupied the barracks, while the 53rd advanced in 
 skirmishing order on the plain, and drove the insur- 
 gents before them as they advanced. 
 
 The Secundrabagh itself was then stormed. I 
 believe — and this opinion is shared, I am confident, 
 by every one who has been at Lucknow — that the 
 assault upon Secundrabagh is not surpassed by any 
 action we read of in the annals of warfare. Our 
 men were harassed and fatigued to a degree ; the 
 forced marches they had had to make, the continued 
 hardships they had had to go through (owing to the 
 smallness of their numbers the same men had to per- 
 form the same duties over and over again), the want of 
 shelter, the unceasing marches and counter-marches, 
 the necessity of being constantly on piquet duty and 
 on the qui vive, — all this had prevented sleep or 
 repose : but a fixed determination on their part to 
 avenge their murdered countrymen, to do their duty, 
 and to brave all obstacles in the attainment of their 
 object, had spurred them on to unusual exertions. 
 
 The enemy, on the other hand, hopeless of ob- 
 taining mercy, and each individually certain of meet- 
 ing an ignominious death, should he fall into our 
 hands, were rendered desperate by their situation. 
 Fanaticism and bigotry, and the very fear of us, 
 nerved them on to resist to the death ; and the manner 
 
Nov.] THE ENE:>nr'S DESPERATE RESISTANCE. 323 
 
 in which they defended their stronghold proves that 
 they were able to keep their resolution. 
 
 But nothing could daunt our men. The 4th Sikhs 
 had been ordered to lead the attack, under the gallant 
 Lieutenant Paul, who fell while heading his men, 
 and the 93rd Highlanders, under Lieutenant-Colonel 
 Gordon, the 53rd, under Captain Walton, and a bat- 
 talion of detachments, under Major Barnston (H. M. 
 90th), were to cover the attack of their sable brethren 
 in arms. The Europeans, however, had not patience 
 enough for this, and jealous and fearful lest the Sikhs 
 should gain the greatest honour, they rushed madly 
 on, vieing with each other who should be first in. 
 
 A small breach had been effected in one of the 
 walls, and only a small body could rush in at once. 
 Fortunately, the enemy had expected to be attacked 
 from quite a different quarter, and the breach was in 
 one of the most weakly guarded points. Our men 
 could, therefore, come in in considerable numbers, be- 
 fore the insurgent guard could be reinforced. Still 
 heaps fell. Yet our men dashed in as quickly 
 ;is the narrow breach permitted, but that was not 
 fast enough for their ardour. They went under the 
 very loopholes of the enemy, and cunningly lying 
 do%vn while the insurgents let fly a volley at the caps 
 fixed on their bayonets, which our men put up as a 
 
 T 2 
 
324 SIEGE OF LUCKNOW. [Nov. 
 
 target for the time being, they, as soon as the enemy's 
 fire was exhausted, and before they could load again, 
 tore down the iron bars, broke up the barricades, 
 and jumped down from the windows in the garden 
 walls. 
 
 The enemy resisted desperately, but vainly, against 
 their fury. Not less than 2000 dead bodies were 
 counted next day. The slaughter had been terrific, 
 and the gateway, the principal room, and the side 
 chamber were literally inundated with blood, and 
 piled with the dead and dying. No mercy was 
 shown; and if some wretch had, as, however, was 
 rarely the case, cowardice enough to throw down 
 his arms and sue for pardon, none was given him. 
 " Cawnpore " was hissed into the ear of every one of 
 the rebels before a thrust of the bayonet put an end 
 to his existence. 
 
 These operations had now gone on for nearly three 
 hours, but more work was yet in store for our 
 gallant troops. Sir Colin Campbell had other laurels 
 to gain for Brigadier-Greneral Grrant, who commanded 
 a division, the Naval brigade of Captain Peel, that 
 had covered itself with glory in every engagement 
 with the enemy, and, in short, all the other brave men 
 of his army. While our attack was proceeding on the 
 Secundrabagh, they had been molested by a most 
 murderous fire directed on them from an extensive 
 
Nov.] CAPTAIN peel's NAVAL BRIGADE. 325 
 
 building, from which it was absolutely necessary for 
 Sir Colin to dislodge the enemy. It was known as 
 the Shah Nudjuff, and consisted of a large mosque, 
 having in the centre a domed roof, with a para- 
 pet loopholed, and four minarets overtopping the 
 whole, and filled with sharpshooters. It was situated 
 in a fine garden of fruit trees, surrounded by loop- 
 holed high walls, and likewise defended by hosts of 
 insurgents. The entrance had been blocked up 
 with masonry, and every point had been most care- 
 fully barricaded, loopholed, and fortified. 
 
 Against these buildings Captain Peel advanced with 
 his heavy 68-pounders within a few yards of them, 
 and, aided by a mortar battery and a field battery of 
 Bengal Artillery, commenced a very heavy cannonade, 
 which was answered by a murderous fire from the 
 enemy's guns, who kept it up for three hours with 
 tolerable effect. Captain Peel's gallant sailors were 
 covered by the 93rd, who kept up an incessant 
 and galling musketry fire on the enemy. Bri- 
 gadier Hope then led on his Highlanders, and Major 
 Bamston his battalion, to the assault. They stormed 
 it in the most brilliant manner, entered, and filled 
 the Shah Xudjufif with the corpses of the enemy. 
 Our troops then ceased operations for the day, and 
 reposed on the scene of action as much as a continual 
 
 Y 3 
 
326 SIEGE OF LUCKNOW. [Nov. 
 
 lire kept up by the enemy in the adjacent buildings 
 permitted. 
 
 On the next day, the 17th, the place known as the 
 Mess-house was cannonaded by Captain Peel's heavy 
 guns. This building, defended by a deep ditch and 
 loopholed mud wall beyond, is on a considerable 
 eminence, and consists of a large two-storied, flat 
 terraced house, flanked by two square turrets. After 
 Captain Peel's 6 8 -pounders, aided by shells from 
 the mortar battery in the Feradbuksh, had done 
 considerable damage to this position. Captain Hop- 
 kins's detachment of the 53rd, a company of Captain 
 Wolseley's 90th Eegiment, Major Barnston's battalion 
 under Captain Cruise (90th Eegiment), and a portion 
 of Sikhs under Lieutenant Powlett, stormed it, 
 surmounted all obstacles, effected an entrance, and 
 carried it with a loud shout and a rush. 
 
 The Observatory, or Banks's house, to the rear of 
 the Mess-house, was next attacked by a party of 
 Sikhs, and taken. On that and the following day, 
 Sir Colin Campbell from one side, and General 
 Havelock from ours, occupied all the houses between 
 our new entrenchments, the Mess-house, and the 
 Motymahal. 
 
 To keep up a continued line of communication 
 with the Dilkusha was the next object, and a 
 
Nov.] enemy's attack REPULSED. 327 
 
 long chain of posts was after some tedious and 
 difficult operations successfully made. In effect 
 in^ this purpose, the brave Brigadier Kussell was 
 severely wounded, and his successor Colonel Bid- 
 dulph, almost immediately after, killed. Lieute 
 nant-Colonel Hall (82nd) succeeded to the com- 
 mand, and aided by Captain Bourchier's guns finally 
 effected his object. 
 
 Scarcely had they done so, however, when the 
 enemy made a fierce attack on our piquets at the 
 Mess-house, and on the party of Highlanders under 
 Colonel Ewart, then in the barracks taken on the 16 th. 
 Sir Colin himself advanced with bodies of H. M. 
 23rd and 53rd Foot, and reinforced the piquets, 
 supported by the gallant Captain Remmington 
 and his troop of Horse Artillery, who played on the 
 enemy with great rapidity and beautiful precision. 
 
 The relief of Lucknow had been effected, and 
 we were soon to be free. Sir Colin, while the fire 
 was still very heavy on the afternoon of the 17th, 
 was met by Sir James Outram and General Havelock. 
 A loud long shout greeted the generals and their 
 staff as they shook hands, amidst heartfelt cordiality, 
 with Sir Colin Campbell. Proud indeed must Sir 
 Colin have been at the success which had crowned 
 all his measures, and which stamped him as one of 
 
 J 4 
 
328 SIEGE OF LUCKNOW. [Nov. 
 
 the first generals of the age. The enemy had been 
 foiled in every instance, and, notwithstanding his 
 desperation, vigilance, and unquestionably excellent 
 manoeuvres, had succumbed to the Commander-in- 
 Chiefs superior generalship, and the indomitable 
 valour and undaunted courage of our troops. 
 
 Sir Colin Campbell received the hearty thanks and 
 congratulations of Sir James with evident satisfaction ; 
 and Greneral Havelock, not less delighted and proud, 
 harangued the troops who had so gallantly carried 
 out all the Commander-in-Chief s brilliant manoeuvres, 
 in that concise and yet soul-stirring language for which 
 he was so well known by his soldiers. While yet 
 speaking, his attention was drawn to the place where 
 his only son had just fallen, wounded a second time 
 by a musket ball from the enemy. Though his father's 
 heart must have been then bleeding with anguish, and 
 beating with curiosity to know the nature of the 
 wound, the Greneral, with wonderful self-command, 
 continued his discourse without interruption, and 
 then only amidst the cheers of the men, who were 
 unacquainted with the sad event which had just hap- 
 pened, left to visit his wounded son. Fortunately it 
 was only a slight wound, and he soon recovered from 
 the effects of it. 
 
 The Commander-in-Chief's successful operations 
 had given all his officers and men opportunities 
 
Nov.] LIST OF DISTINGUISHED OFFICERS. 329 
 
 to distinofiiish themselves, which none of them failed 
 to seize. Major-G-eneral Mansfield, Chief of the 
 Staff, whose clear intellect was of great service in the 
 council chamber, Brigadier Greneral Hope Grrant, Capt. 
 Peel, of the Naval Brigade, Brigadier Grreathead, of 
 Agra and Cawnpore celebrity, had earned fresh laurels, 
 which they now shared with Brigadier Crawford, E. A., 
 commanding the Artillery, Brigadier Little, com- 
 manding the Cavalry, Brigadier Russell, who un- 
 fortunately had been severely wounded, and Briga- 
 dier the Hon. Adrian Hope. 
 
 Sir Colin Campbell, in grateful acknowledgment 
 of the intelligence, activity, skill, and courage of the 
 Artillery in the field, honourably mentions, in his 
 despatches of the 18th November, Major Turner, 
 commanding the Bengal Artillery; Captains Rem- 
 mington and Blunt, commanding troops of Horse 
 Artillery of the same service ; Captain Maxwell, B.A., 
 attached to the Naval Brigade ; Captain Travers, 
 commanding Royal Artillery ; Captains Middleton, 
 R.A., and Bourchier, B.A., both commanding horse 
 field batteries ; Captain Longden, R. A., commanding 
 mortar battery ; Lieutenant Vaughan, R.N., and 
 Lieutenant Walker, B.A., commanding a demi field 
 battery; Lieutenants Ford and Brown, command- 
 ing the heavy field battery of Royal Artillery, 
 after the death of the lamented Captain Handy ; 
 
330 SIEGE OF LUCKNOW. [Nov. 
 
 and Lieutenant Bridge, commanding two guns of 
 Madras Horse Artillery. 
 
 Sir Colin particularly notices also the acting Chief 
 Engineer, Lieutenant Lennox, E.E.j and Lieutenant 
 Scott, Madras Engineers, commanding sappers and 
 miners, as well as Major Ouvry, commanding 9th Lan- 
 cers ; Major Eobertson, commanding Military Train ; 
 Captain Hinde, H.M.'s 8th Eegiment ; Lieutenant- 
 Colonel Wells, 23rd Fusiliers; Lieutenant-Colonel 
 Gordon (93rd), commanding H.M.'s 53rd Eegiment ; 
 Lieutenant-Colonel Hale, H.M.'s 82nd Eegiment ; 
 Lieutenant-Colonel Leith Ha}^, 93rd Highlanders ; 
 Lieutenant-Colonel Hamilton, 78th Highlanders, 
 commanding 1st battalion of detachments; Major 
 Barnston, H.M.'s 90th Eegiment, commanding 2nd 
 battalion of detachments (dangerously wounded) ; 
 and Captain Cruise, H.M.'s 90th Eegiment, who suc- 
 ceeded Major Barnston in his command. 
 
 Lieutenants Watson, Probyn, Younghusband, and 
 Gough, respectively commanding detachments of the 
 1st, 2nd, and 5th Punjaub Cavalry and Hodson's 
 Horse; Captain Green, commanding 2nd Punjaub 
 Infantry ; Lieutenant Willoughby, who succeeded to 
 the command of the 4th Punjaub Infantry, on his 
 three seniors in the corps being severely wounded ; 
 Lieutenant Eyves, w^ho commanded the 4th Punjaub 
 Infantry from the evening of the 16th; Major Mil- 
 
Nov.] DISTINGUISHED SERVICES. 331 
 
 man, 5th Fusiliers; and Lieutenant-Colonel M'ln- 
 t3rre, 78th Highlanders, in command of detachments 
 employed in the advance on Dilkusha and the Mar- 
 tiniere; Lieutenant-Colonel Ewart, 93rd Highlanders, 
 who commanded at the barracks ; Captains Dawson, 
 93rd Highlanders, Rolleston, H.M.'s 84th Regiment, 
 and Hopkins, o3rd Regiment ; and Lieutenants 
 Fisher and Powlett, 2nd Punjaub Infantry, who 
 commanded separate detachments or posts ; Captain 
 Saunders, H.M.'s 70th, who gallantly led a party of 
 the 64th at the storming of Secundrabagh and the 
 Shah Nudjuff. 
 
 Captain Norman, the Assistant Adjutant-Greneral ; 
 Colonel Berkeley, of H.M.'s 32nd ; Major Alison, who 
 unfortunately lost an arm, the Military Secretary ; 
 Captain Sir D. Baird, Bart., the Commander-in-Chiefs 
 principal aide-de-camp ; Lieutenant Hope Johnstone, 
 Deputy Assistant Adjutant-General to Major-General 
 Mansfield, were the staff officers who particularly 
 distinguished themselves. 
 
 The following officers are also honourably men- 
 tioned : — Lieutenant Gr. Algood, Deputy Assistant 
 Quarter-Master-General ; Captains Maycock and 
 Carey, Officiating Deputy Assistant Quarter-Master- 
 General ; Captain Rudman, Acting Assistant Adju- 
 tant-General, H. M.'s Forces ; Captain Hatch, Deputy 
 Judge-Advocate-General; Captains Alison and For- 
 
332 SIEGE OF LUCKNOW. [Nov. 
 
 ster, his Aides-de-Camp ; Captain Metcalfe, inter- 
 preter ; and Lieutenant Murray, Aide-de-Camp to the 
 Chief of the Staff. 
 
 Sir Colin Campbell thus speaks of the services 
 rendered by Mr. Kavanagh, Lord Seymour, and the 
 officers on the staff of Brigadier Hope Grrant and 
 other commanding officers : — 
 
 " Mr. Kavanagh, of the Unco venan ted Civil Service, 
 who came out from Lucknow in disguise to afford me 
 information at the imminent risk of his life, has won my 
 most especial thanks, and I recommend him most cor- 
 dially to the notice of your Lordship. 
 
 *' Lord Seymour was present throughout these opera- 
 tions, and displayed a daring gallantry at a most critical 
 moment. 
 
 " I concur most fully in the commendations that have 
 been bestowed by General Grant and Officers Com- 
 manding Brigades on their respective Staffs as named 
 below; but I would especially draw attention to the 
 services of Captain Cox, H. M.'s 75th Regiment, Brigade 
 Major of the 4th Brigade ; and Lieutenant Eoberts, 
 Bengal Artillery, Deputy Assistant Quarter-Master- 
 General; Captain W. Hamilton, H.M.'s 9th Lancers, 
 Deputy Assistant Adjutant-General ; Captain the 
 Honourable A. H. Anson, H. M.'s 84th Regiment, Aide- 
 de-Camp ; and Lieutenant Salmond, 7th Light Cavalry, 
 Acting Aide-de-Camp to Brigadier-General Grant. 
 
 " Captain H. Hammond, Bengal Artillery, Brigade- 
 Major of Artillery (severely wounded) ; Captain H. Le 
 G. Bruce, Bengal Artillery, who succeeded Captain 
 
Nov.] SERVICES OF VARIOUS OFFICERS. 333 
 
 Hammond ; Brevet-Major W. Barry and Lieutenant A. 
 Bunny, Staff Officers of Royal and Bengal Artillery 
 respectively: Lieutenant G. E. Watson, Bengal En- 
 gineers, Brigade-Major of Engineers ; Captain H. A. 
 Sai-el, 17tli Lancers, Brigade-Major of Cavalry; and 
 Captains Bannatyne, H. M.'s 8th Foot, and Liglitfoot, 
 84th Foot, Brigade-Majors of the 3rd and 5th Brigade ; 
 also Lieutenant P. Stewart, Bengal Engineers, Superin- 
 tendent of the Electric Telegraph, who accompanied the 
 force, and made himself particularly useful throughout. 
 
 " I must not omit to name, in the most marked manner, 
 Soubadar Gokul Sing, 4th Punjaub Rifles, who, in con- 
 junction with the British Officers, led the 4th Punjaub 
 Rifles at the storming of Secundrabagh, in the most 
 daring manner. 
 
 " Captain A. D. Dickens, Deputy Assistant Com- 
 missary-General, and Lieutenant W. Tod Brown, Deputy 
 Commissary of Ordnance, have both distinguished them- 
 selves exceedingly in carrying on the intricate duties of 
 their departments, with very scanty establishments, to 
 meet the great demands upon them. 
 
 " Brigadier General Grant has made favourable 
 mention of Surgeon J. C. Brown, M. D., Bengal Horse 
 Artillery, whose great exertions have been deserving of 
 all praise. He has since become Superintending Surgeon 
 of the force." 
 
 Sir Colin thus concludes his despatch : — 
 
 " The number of Officers mentioned in this despatch 
 may appear large j but the force employed was com- 
 
334 SIEGE OF LUCKXOW. [Nov. 
 
 posed of many detachments, and the particular service 
 was calculated to draw forth the individual qualities of 
 the officers engaged." 
 
 The Commander-in-Chief's successes had not been 
 won without heavy loss on his side: 122 officers and 
 men were killed, and 345 wounded, of whom many 
 subsequently died of their wounds ; in all, 467 
 killed and wounded. Of these, 10 officers were killed, 
 and 33 officers wounded. Sir Colin Campbell himself 
 was wounded, but fortunately only slightly. The list 
 of casualties contains the names of many gallant and 
 brave officers who had covered themselves with glory ; 
 and among the wounded (of whom I trust most will 
 live to have other opportunities of distinguishing 
 themselves), I regret that I have not a list of the gal- 
 lant non-commissioned officers and men, who had per- 
 formed deeds of heroism, even where all were brave. 
 
 The following is the nominal list of the officers 
 who fell between the 16th and 18th of November, in 
 the attacks on Secimdrabagh, Shah Nudjuff, Mess- 
 house, Observatory, and the adjacent buildings: — 
 
 KILLED. 
 
 " General Staff. — Lieutenant-Colonel G. Biddulph, 
 Head of Intelligence Department, and Lieutenant A. 0. 
 Mayne, Deputy Assistant Quarter-Master-General. 
 
 ^^ Naval Brigade. — Midshipman M. A. Daniel. 
 
Nov.] KILLED AND WOUNDED. 335^ 
 
 " Artillery Brigade. — Captain W. N. Hardy, Royal 
 Artillery. 
 
 " Cavalry Brigade. — Captain G. Wheatcroft, 6th Dra- 
 goon Guards, doing duty with Military Train. 
 
 " 3r6? Infantry Brigade. — Lieutenant T. Frankland, 
 2nd Punjaub Infiintry. 
 
 " Ath Z)««o.— Captain J. Dalzell, H. M.'s 93rd High- 
 landers ; Captain J. T. Lumsden, 30th Native Infantry, 
 Interpreter to H. M.'s 93rd Highlanders, and Lieutenant 
 Dobbs, 1st Madras Fusiliers. 
 
 " oth Ditto. — ^ns\gn W. T. Thompson, H. M.'s 82nd 
 Regiment." 
 
 WOUNDED. 
 
 *• 5^q^. — General Sir C. Campbell, G. C. B., Com- 
 mander-in-Chief, slightly ; Brigadier D. Russell, com- 
 manding 5th Brigade, severely ; Major A. Alison, Mili- 
 tary Secretary, severely ; Captain F. M. Alison, A. D. C. 
 to Commander-in-Chief, slightly; Captain the Honourable 
 A. Anson, A. D. C, to General Grant, C. B., slightly; and 
 Lieutenant C. J. Salmond, Orderly Officer to General 
 Grant, C. B., slightly. 
 
 ** Naval Brigade. — Captain J. C. Grant, Royal Marines, 
 slightly ; Lieutenant M. Salmon, Royal Navy, severely ; 
 and Midshipman Lord A. P. Clinton, Royal Navy, 
 slightly. 
 
 " Artillery Brigade. — Major F. F. Pennycuick, Royal 
 Artillery, slightly ; Captain H. Hammond, Bengal Artil- 
 lery, severely ; Captain F. Travers, Royal Artillery, 
 slightly ; Lieutenants W. G. Milman and A. Ford, Royal 
 
336 SIEGE OF LUCKNOW. CNot. 
 
 Artillery, slightly, and Assistant Surgeon H. R. Veale, 
 Royal Artillery, severely. 
 
 " Cavalry Brigade. — Lieutenant R. Halkett, Hodson's 
 Horse, severely. 
 
 " Zrd Infantry Brigade. — Ensign J. Watson, 2nd Pun- 
 jaub Infantry, dangerously. 
 
 " Ath Infantry Brigade. — Captain B. Walton, H. M.'s 
 53rd Regiment, severely ; Lieutenants A. K. Munro, 
 H. M.'s 53rd Regiment, dangerously, and F. C. French, 
 ditto, ditto, slightly ; Major R. Barnston, H. M.'s 90th 
 Regiment, dangerously ; Lieutenant E. C.Wynne, H.M.'s 
 90th Regiment, severely ; Ensign H. Powell, H. M.'s 
 90th Regiment, severely ; Lieutenant-Colonel J. A. 
 Ewart, H. M.'s 93rd Highlanders, slightly ; Captain F. 
 W. Burroughs, H. M.'s 93rd Highlanders, slightly; 
 Lieutenants R. A. Cooper, H. M.'s 93rd Highlanders, 
 severely ; E. Welch, ditto, ditto, severely ; O. Goldsmith, 
 ditto, ditto, severely, and S. E. Wood, ditto, ditto, severely ; 
 Ensign F.R. M'Namara, ditto, ditto, slightly; Lieutenants 
 W. Paul, 4th Punjaub Infantry, dangerously (since dead), 
 J. W. McQueen, ditto, ditto, severely, and F. F. OldjQeld, 
 ditto, ditto, dangerously (since dead). 
 
 " 6th Infantry Brigade. — Lieutenant H. Henderson, 
 H. M.'s 23rd Fusiliers, slightly, and Lieutenant-Colonel 
 C. B. Hale, H. M.'s 82nd Regiment, slightly." 
 
337 
 
 CHAP. XX. 
 
 THE RELIEF OF LUCKNOW. — EVACUATIO>' OF THE 
 RESIDENCY, 
 
 Lucknow relieved. — The Sweets of Liberty. — New Delights. — 
 The Letter-bag. — Anxiety of my Friends. — Death of Mr. 
 Cameron. — Mr. M'Rae. — Lieutenant Dashwood's sad End. — 
 Brigadier Inglis. — Kindness of Mr. Gubbins to wounded Oificers. 
 — Mr. Gubbins at the Council of War. — Bursting of useless 
 Guns, — Narrow Escape. — The Ladies, Children, and Wounded 
 leave the Residency. — Mrs. Inglis's noble Act — Her Description 
 of the Ladies' Exodus. — Move upon the Kaiserbagh. — Strategic 
 Manoeuvre of Sir Colin Campbell. — Evacuation of Lucknow. — 
 Freedom. — Manoeuvres. — Services of the 9th Lancers. — The 
 Commander-in-Chief's General Order. — His Acknowledgment 
 of the Services of Non-military Men. 
 
 The delight with which we hailed Sir Colin Camp- 
 bell's army was only equalled by that which we 
 experienced on the arrival of Greneral Havelock's 
 gallant soldiers. 
 
 We were soon to be free — we were soon to taste 
 the sweets of liberty again — we were to know what 
 pleasures life had yet in store for us. An orange was 
 brought in ; it tasted deliciously. A loaf of bread and 
 some fresh butter was given us. No epicure ever en- 
 
 Z 
 
338 SIEGE OF LUCKNOW. [Nov. 
 
 joyed a meal with greater relish than we did this 
 simple food. Some rum was handed to us. The 
 most exquisite liquor was never drunk with such 
 real enjoyment. 
 
 But a still greater pleasure was yet to come. Seve- 
 ral cart-loads of letters and newspapers had arrived. 
 So long debarred from all intercourse with the rest 
 of the worl 1, we looked forward to news from our 
 friends with the most painful anxiety. I was fortu- 
 nate enough to receive about a dozen letters, and 
 more were yet in the post office, which was crowded 
 with anxious inquirers for letters to their address. 
 
 My poor brother had long thought me dead. He 
 had written to half a dozen people at Lucknow to 
 know what had become of me, and implored me, 
 should I be still alive, to come down to Calcutta at 
 once. There were letters from Europe, too ; — from my 
 parents, from my sister, from other friends, for- 
 warded last July, and detained in the army post 
 office for five months. They were anxious enough 
 at home, but they had no idea of my being in the 
 very midst of the dangers which had threatened 
 India. The letters had been forwarded by my 
 brother at Calcutta, and a letter of credit on a friend 
 then at Cawnpore was enclosed. This was fortunate, 
 for I had no money, having been robbed, hy a friend. 
 
Nov.] DEATH OF MR. CAMERON. 339 
 
 of a bag containing a hundred rupees. I had no 
 evidence to prove the theft, but I was convinced 
 
 it was who stole it. 
 
 Lady Inglis, in her journal, describes this period 
 in simple but graphic terms : — 
 
 " To-day (18th Nov.) we have had at[uantity of English 
 letters, the first we have had for six months. The very 
 sight of them made me feel quite bewildered, and I have 
 not yet been able to read more than one. I need not say 
 how much I have thought of you all — how many, many 
 sad hearts and homes there must be in England just now ; 
 and really at present one cannot see an end to our 
 troubles. The whole of Bengal is in such an unsettled 
 state that no one can tell when or where a fresh dis- 
 turbance may break out. Sir Colin is much liked ; he is 
 living now exactly as a private soldier, takes his rations, 
 and lies down whenever he can to rest. This the men 
 like, and he is a fine soldier. A Commander-in-Chief 
 just now has indeed no enviable position." 
 
 Several of our companions in misfortune, however, 
 who had survived the greatest dangers, and had even 
 joined in the welcome to General Havelock's force, 
 never shared these pleasures. * Among these I must 
 name Mr. R. Cameron, a gentleman of considerable 
 means and great information, who died of dysentery, 
 1 )rought on by fatigue and bad living. He had visited 
 ' 'ude to inquire into the resources of the country, 
 
 t 2 
 
340 SIEGE OF LUCKNOW. [Nor. 
 
 and had entered into some commercial speculations in 
 conjunction with Captain W. W. Need, who had been 
 killed in the beginning of the siege. During the siege 
 he had been attached to the Post Office garrison, and 
 had made himself particularly useful in volunteering 
 for all sorts of fatigue parties and expeditions of 
 danger. He had also, without any previously acquired 
 knowledge of mortar practice, become an excellent 
 artillery officer ; and owing to the officers of that 
 branch having been almost all killed or wounded, his 
 services became very valuable. The shells thrown by 
 both himself and Mr. Ward of the 48th Eegiment 
 were fired with beautiful precision. 
 
 Mr. M*Rae also, a civil engineer, was very useful 
 as such, and as an officer of a mortar battery. He, 
 too, was wounded no less than three times. A bullet 
 at last shattered his arm, and amputation was recom- 
 mended ; but he refused to permit the operation, and 
 he still lives, let us hope for yet many years. 
 
 Another unfortunate was Ensign Dashwood of the 
 18th Native Infantry, whose brother had died in the 
 beginning of the siege. He had never quite re- 
 covered from his first wound, being obliged ever 
 afterwards to walk on crutches, and it was while 
 taking a sketch of the shattered building of the 
 Residency, that a round shot fired from across the 
 
Nov.] BRIGADIER INGLIS. 341 
 
 river fi-actiired both his legs. He lived long enough 
 to hear of our relief, but died shortly after at 
 Dilkusha,* 
 
 Poor Dr. Darby also died at Dilkusha from the 
 effects of his wound and bad living. 
 
 Brigadier Inglis' activity, vigilance and skill had 
 been unceasino: throuorhout these lonsj five months. 
 His presence had animated the men, and every im- 
 portant operation was carried out under his very 
 eye. His services were amply acknowledged by the 
 generals who relieved us, but his deeds speak more 
 eloquently than even the powerful language of Gene- 
 ral Outram and Sir Colin Campbell. England will 
 not allow him to go unrewarded.! 
 
 Sir Colin Campbell's army remained in occupation 
 of the positions they had taken outside, and we re- 
 ceived orders to prepare for leaving, — orders which 
 
 * The poor young man, scarce nineteen years of age, had only 
 arrived in India two months before, and had not even joined his own 
 regiment. The loss of his brother, his own first wound, and the 
 agonies he afterwards suffered in hospital from his second, made 
 death to him almost a relief. But with what grief the news of the 
 untimely end of both these gallant brothers must have been received 
 by their unhappy mother! 
 
 t Since the above was written. Brigadier Inglis has been promoted 
 to the well-merited honour of a KC.R, and the rank of a Major- 
 Gcneral. 
 
 S3 
 
342 SIEGE OF LUCKNOW. [Nov. 
 
 took many of us by surprise, for we hoped that the 
 Grovernment would not allow the city of Lucknow 
 to remain in possession of the rebels, after all the 
 difficulties and blood expended to enter it. Our 
 noble deliverers had made immense sacrifices to 
 relieve us, and it had cost as many lives as had been 
 saved. The knowledge, however, of Sir Colin's move 
 into Oude having been undertaken with no other 
 view than to aid the belea^ered garrison, still further 
 enhanced our gratitude. 
 
 The Commander-in-Chief visited us within our 
 entrenchments, and was welcomed by the authorities 
 with due honour. 
 
 Mr. Gubbins had many more stores than others, 
 and this excited a good deal of displeasure; but, 
 to do him justice, he distributed what he had to 
 the refugees from the districts who had found shelter 
 in his house, and whom he had continued to receive 
 till his house was quite full. I have heard that, on 
 several occasions, also he had sent wine and arrow- 
 root to the hospital, and it is undoubtedly a fact that 
 many wounded officers — not only of the old garrison, 
 but of the 78th, 5th, and other corps of the relieving 
 force — received shelter and care at his quarters. 
 Mr. Cameron died at his house ; and Lieutenant 
 Lester, Mr. M*Rae, Mr. Lucas, and many others^, 
 
Nov.] LADIES, ETC. LEAVE THE RESIDENCY. 343 
 
 were tended with great solicitude and kindness by 
 Mrs. Griibbins and other ladies in the house. There 
 were, indeed, many gentlemen who had reason to look 
 upon Mrs, Gubbins as a second ^Miss Nightingale. 
 
 One of the greatest insults we received at the 
 hands of the enemy was their playing, on the op- 
 posite banks of the Groomtee, regularly every morn- 
 ing, and sometimes of an evening, all our popular 
 English airs. We listened to the " Standard Bearer's 
 March," the " Girl I left behind me," and " See the 
 Conquering Hero comes," with any but pleasant 
 feelings. The disloyal rascals had even the im- 
 pudence to finish their music with the loyal hymn 
 " God save the Queen." 
 
 The women and children, and the sick were 
 ordered to the Dilkusha encampment, where tents 
 were pitched for them ; while the men were obliged 
 to stay behind for several days, to continue in guard 
 of the various garrisons. Only a small amount of bag- 
 gage was allowed for each person, and most of our 
 things were, therefore, obliged to be left behind. 
 Such a scene as the Kesidency then presented was 
 really sad to behold. Women's apparel, children's 
 clothes, rich dresses, men's waistcoats and coats, 
 cooking utensils, plate, plated and china ware, all 
 sorts of merchandise and household furniture, cover- 
 
 Z 4 
 
344 SIEGE OF LUCKNOW. [Nov. 
 
 ings, beddings : — each and everything was left behind. 
 Anything might be had merely for the taking of it : 
 and everywhere were seen soldiers and civilians help- 
 ing themselves to what, but the day before, they would 
 have paid large sums for. It was really annoying 
 to think that the insurgents would, after all, obtain 
 what we could not take away. Fortunately, our 
 European articles of dress could have been of little 
 use to them. 
 
 The guns had been removed from most of the bat- 
 teries; and we were, therefore, to be particularly 
 vigilant. Other guns, without carriages, formerly 
 the property of the King of Oude, were burst. I 
 had a narrow escape from the debris of one of them, 
 a piece falling right between a friend and myself, 
 making a large hole in the roof of the shed in which 
 we were standing at the time. 
 
 The ordnance stores and the treasure were re- 
 moved at the same time as the state prisoners and 
 the families. Many delicate ladies had to walk over 
 very rough ground, a distance of about six miles, 
 but exposed at one place only to the fire of the 
 enemy's musketry. Only one old lady was wounded 
 in the leg. The rest all reached in safety. Mrs. Inglis, 
 on this occasion, acted in a most noble manner. A 
 dooly, or hospital litter, being prepared for her, she 
 
Nov.] MRS. INGLIS'o NOBLE ACTION. 345 
 
 unhesitatingly refused it, saying that she was well 
 able to walk, while so many wounded men and sick 
 women were so much in want of a conveyance. 
 
 In her journal. Lady Inglis does not speak of this 
 fact. She thus narrates the exodus of the weaker 
 members of the garrison : — 
 
 "That evening (17th Nov.) the Commander-in-Chief 
 sent an order for all the sick and wounded, women, and 
 children to be moved out of the Residency to the Dilkoosha 
 Park the next night, and for the force to abandon the place 
 altogether, blow up the guns, destroy the ammunition, &c. 
 The next day a change was made in the arrangements, 
 and only the sick were sent away. We were detained 
 till yesterday, when a general exodus took place of all the 
 incumbrances in the garrison. In the meantime good 
 news had arrived of fresh troops being in Oude, and a ru- 
 mour went abroad that Lucknow was not to be abandoned. 
 At about four o'clock p.m. we made a start, and left the 
 place where we had passed so many anxious hours. John * 
 could not accompany us, but sent his aide-de-camp, Cap- 
 tain Birch, a very nice creature, and a most gallant young 
 officer ; he is a great comfort to John, and they get on 
 capitally together. AVe were obliged to walk, having no 
 carriage horse, five of our horses were turned loose at the 
 commencement of the siege ; the road was quite safe, ex- 
 cept in three places, where it was overlooked by the 
 enemy's position, and we had to run ; one poor woman 
 
 * Her husband, Brigadier Inglis. 
 
346 SIEGE OF LUCKNOW. [Nov. 
 
 was wounded in one of these places ; we arrived at Se- 
 cunde Bagh about six, and found everyone assembled 
 there, awaiting an escort and doolies to carry us on. 
 When I tell you that upwards of 2000 men had been 
 hastily buried there the day before, you can fancy what 
 a place it was ; however, we met many friends, General 
 Grant and several officers of the 9th Lancers, whom we 
 knew ; Captain Rudman, the old Adjutant of the 32nd, 
 and Dei gh ton Probyn came up and introduced himself 
 to me ; he is looking very well and handsome ; we were 
 regaled with tea and plenty of milk, and bread and butter 
 — luxuries we had not enjoyed since the commencement 
 of our troubles. At ten o'clock we recommenced our 
 journey ; most of the ladies were in palanquins, but 
 we had a covered cart, drawn by two obstinate bul- 
 locks ; we had a force of infantry and cavalry with us, 
 but had not proceeded half a mile when the column 
 was halted, and an order sent back for reinforcements ; 
 some noise was heard, and it was feared we might be 
 attacked ; however, it proved a false alarm, and after 
 two disagreeable and rather anxious hours, we arrived 
 safely at this place, and were quartered in some tents 
 pitched for our reception ; Colonel Little, 9th Lancers, 
 took care of us. To-day we have pitched our own 
 tent, and Mrs. Case, her sister, I, and the children 
 occupy the half, having given the other to a poor sick 
 lady. We are very comfortable, though rather pressed 
 for room, and most thankful to breathe the fresh air 
 once again ; but I feel very lonely without ray darling 
 husband, and most anxious to know whether he will 
 
Nov.] MOVE UPON THE KAISERBAGH. 347 
 
 remain here, or go on with us to Cawnpore. A separa- 
 tion is inevitable, and my heart is very sad at the idea ; 
 for six months I have never spent a quiet day — hardly 
 an hour in the day with him ; still I saw him occasion- 
 ally, and knew he was safe, wliich was an unspeakable 
 comfort; now, I fear, I have many months of intense 
 anxiety before me ; but God has preserved him hitherto 
 where dangers met him at every step, and I trust He 
 will hear my prayers and spare us yet to live happily 
 together." 
 
 We will now return to Sir Colin Campbell's move- 
 ments. 
 
 On the 20th and 21st, Captain Peel, aided by 
 Havel ock's batteries in the palaces, breached the 
 Kaiserbagh. The enemy, judging from our previous 
 manoeuvres, expected an immediate attack as soon as 
 our bombardment should have ceased. Our shells 
 continued to be thrown into the king's palace, how- 
 ever, the whole of that day. The firing was begun 
 again next day, and lessened only on the 22nd, the 
 day fixed upon for our evacuation. Our bombard- 
 ment had evidently done a great deal of damage, and 
 their fire, at first very lively, gradually slackened. 
 
 Piquets were thrown all around our positions, the 
 men comprising them being constantly subject to 
 .'innoyance from the enemy's fire, but all responded 
 heartily to what was expected from them, and every 
 
348 SIEGE OF LUCKNOW. [Nov. 
 
 man did his duty. We were thus enabled to effect 
 the evacuation of Lucknow, according to the plan 
 proposed by Sir Colin Campbell and Sir James 
 Outram. 
 
 Nothing was left to chance, all was scientifically 
 arranged and ably carried out. The evacuation 
 of Lucknow in the face of an innumerable enemy, 
 rendered desperate with rage and vexation, and 
 burning for revenge at the numberless defeats he 
 sustained, was a strategic manoeuvre of which Sir 
 Colin Campbell might well be proud. But that this 
 should have been effected without the loss of a man, 
 proves beyond a doubt that the present Commander- 
 in-Chief of the Indian army may lay claims to rank 
 in genius with generals of the highest celebrity. 
 
 It was twelve o'clock at night, on the 22nd of 
 November, when we finally prepared to evacuate. I 
 had gone to sleep for a couple of hours, and was 
 woke up by a friend shaking me by my shoulder, and 
 calling me by name. With a havresack by my side, 
 my pouch and belt over my shoulders, and my musket 
 in my hand, I was soon by the side of the other 
 members of our garrison. The lights were left burn- 
 ing, and we stole out as quietly and silently as pos- 
 sible, the enemy keeping up the usual desultory fire 
 of matchlocks and musketry. 
 
Nov.] EVACUATION OF LUCKS OW. 349 
 
 There was one man left behind. Captain Water- 
 man having gone to his bed in a retired corner of 
 the Brigade mess-house, overslept himself. He had 
 been forgotten. At two o'clock at night he got up, 
 and found to his horror that we had already left. 
 He hoped against hope, and visited every outpost. 
 All was deserted and silent. To be the only man in 
 an open entrenchment, and 50,000 furious barbarians 
 outside ! It was horrible to contemplate ! He had 
 been known as a gallant officer, but this his situation 
 would have frightened the boldest man. He took to 
 his heels, and he ran, ran, ran through the Feradbuksh 
 and the Tehree Kothee till he could scarcely breathe. 
 Still the same silence, the same stillness, interrupted 
 but by the occasional report of the enemy's gun or 
 musketry. At last he came up with the retiring rear 
 guard, mad with excitement, breathless with fatigue. 
 The horror of his position had been too much for his 
 nerves, and affected his intellect for the time. 
 
 I must confess that there was a feeling of regret 
 mixed up with the joy of at last being free. To 
 leave the position which we had so long defended at 
 last in the hands of the enemy, who was to have our 
 ])atterie8, and trenches, and mines, and who would 
 rummage our chambers and residences, was a thought 
 which none of us liked. 
 
350 SIEGE OF LL'CKNOW. [Nov. 
 
 But we were in excellent spirits for all that though 
 it was a bitterly cold night. We had to pass through 
 a narrow lane, and much out of the usual way, 
 through a village and Secundrabagh, the scenes of 
 the late glorious achievements of Sir Colin Campbell. 
 When going past these buildings we had to hold our 
 noses, the effluvium arising from the interior being 
 anything but agreeable. 
 
 The old garrison was the first to pass through, 
 " each exterior line retiring through its supports," and 
 "the extreme posts on the left under Lieutenant- 
 Colonel Hale, H.M.'s 82nd, Lieutenant-Colonel Wells, 
 H.M.'s 23rd foot, and Lieutenant-Colonel Ewart, 
 H.M.'s 93rd Highlanders, made their way by a road 
 w^hich had been explored for them, after the Comman- 
 der-in-Chief considered that the time had arrived, with 
 due regard to the security of the whole, that their 
 posts should be evacuated." 
 
 Had the insurgents attacked us, they would have 
 been met by the brigade of the Honourable Adrian 
 Hope; but so far from this being necessary, the 
 enemy continued firing into our old positions long 
 after we had left them. The Commander-in-Chief 
 himself accompanied the last line of infantry and 
 guns, and thus ensured the safe retreat of the troops 
 that had gone before. 
 
Nov.] commander-in-chief's GENERAL OEDER. 351 
 
 Brigadier Little, commanding the Cavalry, and 
 ^lajor Ouvry, 9tli Lancers, were indefatigable ih 
 keeping up the line of communication with Dil- 
 kusha ; and " the officers commanding the Irregular 
 Cavalry," says Sir Colin Campbell, "Lieutenants 
 Watson, Younghusband, Probyn, and Grough, as well 
 as all the officers of the 9th Lancers, were never out 
 of the saddle all this time, and well maintained the 
 character they have won throughout this war." 
 
 The Commander-in-Chief allowed us one day's rest 
 at Dilkusha, and we encamped on the 23rd in a 
 large park, where we had for the first time a dinner 
 of which the gods might have envied us the enjoy- 
 ment. The following General Orders by the Com- 
 mander-in-Chief were circulated about this time. I 
 copy them entire: — 
 
 "GENERAL ORDERS BY HIS EXCELLENCY THE 
 COMMANDER-IN-CHIEF. 
 " Head Quarters, Shah Nvjeef, Lucknotc, 21 st November^ 1857. 
 
 " Although the Commander-in-Chief has not yet had 
 time to peruse the detailed Report of Brigadier Inglis 
 respecting the defence made by the slender garrison 
 under his Command, His Excellency desires to lose no 
 time in recording his opinion of the magnificent defence 
 made by the remnant of a British Regiment, Her Majesty's 
 32nd, a Company of British Artillery, and a few hundred 
 
352 SIEGE OF LUCKNOW. [Nov. 
 
 sepoys, whose very presence was a subject of distrust, 
 against all the force of Oude, until the arrival of the rein- 
 forcsment under Major-General Sir J. Outram, G. C. B., 
 and Sir H. Havelock, K C. B. 
 
 " 2. The persevering constancy of this small garrison, 
 under the watchful command of the Brigadier, has, 
 under Providence, been the means of adding to the 
 prestige of the British Army and of preserving the 
 honour and lives of our countrywomen. 
 
 " There can be no greater reward than such a reflec- 
 tion ; and the Commander-in-Chief heartily congratulates 
 Brigadier Inglis and his devoted garrison on that re- 
 flection belonging to them. 
 
 " 3. The position occupied by the garrison was an open 
 entrenchment, the numbers were not sufficient to man 
 the defences, and the supply of artillerymen for the guns 
 was most inadequate. In spite of these difficult circum- 
 stances, the Brigadier and his garrison held on ; and it 
 will be a great pleasure to the Commander-in-Chief to 
 bring to the notice of the Government of India the names 
 of all the officers and soldiers who have distinguished 
 themselves during the great trial to which they have 
 been exposed. 
 
 " 4. The Commander-in-Chief congratulates Sir James 
 Outram and Sir Henry Havelock on having been the 
 first to aid Brigadier Inglis. 
 
 " The Governor-General in Council has already ex- 
 pressed his opinion on the sple.ndid feat of arms by 
 which that aid was accomplished." 
 
Nov.] commander-in-chief's GENERAL ORDER. 353 
 ''Head Quarters, Shah Nujeef, 22nd November, 1857. 
 
 " When the Commander-in-Chief issued his Order of 
 yesterday with regard to the old garrison of Lucknow, 
 His Excellency was unaware of the important part 
 taken in aid of the soldiers by the civil functionaries 
 who happened to be at the Residency when it was shut 
 in by the enemy. 
 
 *' 2. His Excellency congratulates them very heartily 
 on the honour they have won in conjunction with their 
 military comrades. This is only another instance that 
 in danger and difficulty all Englishmen behave alike, 
 whatever their profession." 
 
 " Head Quarters, La Martiniere, Lucknow, 23rd November, 1857. 
 
 " The Commander-in-Chief has reason to be thankful 
 to the force he conducted for the relief of the garrison 
 of Lucknow. 
 
 "2. Hastily assembled, fatigued by forced marches, 
 but animated by a common feeling of determination to 
 accomplish the duty before them, all ranks of this force 
 have compensated for their small number, in the ex- 
 ecution of a most difficult duty, by unceasing exertions. 
 
 "3. From the morning of the 16th till last night, 
 the whole force has been one outlying piquet, never out 
 of fire, and covering an immense extent of ground, to 
 permit the garrison to retire scatheless and in safety, 
 covered by the whole of the relieving force. 
 
 '' 4. That ground was won by fighting as hard as it 
 ever fell to the lot of the Commander-in-Chief to wit- 
 ness, it being necessary to bring up the same men over 
 A A 
 
354 SIEGE OF LUCKNOW. [Nov. 
 
 and over again to fresh attacks ; and it is with the 
 greatest gratification that His Excellency declares he 
 never saw men behave better. 
 
 "5. The storming of the Secundrabagh and the Shah 
 Nujeef has never been surpassed in daring, and the 
 success of it was most brilliant and complete. 
 
 " 6. The movement of retreat of last night, by which 
 the final rescue of the garrison was effected, was a 
 model of discipline and exactness. The consequence 
 was, that the enemy was completely deceived, and the 
 force retired by a narrow, tortuous lane, the only line 
 of retreat open, in the face of 50,000 enemies, without 
 molestation. 
 
 " 7. The Commander-in-Chief offers his sincere thanks 
 to Major-General Sir James Outram, G. C. B., for the 
 happy manner in which he planned and carried out his 
 arrangements for the evacuation of the Residency of 
 Lucknow. 
 
 "By Order of His Excellency the Commander-in- 
 Chief. 
 
 " W. Mayhew, Major, 
 " Deputy Adjutant- General of the ArmyT 
 
355 
 
 CHAP. XXI. 
 
 CONCLUSION. 
 
 Civilian Guard on the State Prisoners. — Our Escort. — Sir James 
 Outram's Column remains at Alumbagh. — Mournful Death of 
 General Havelock. — 'Gratitude and Sorrow of the British Na- 
 tion. — Captain Havelock. — March from the Alumbagh. — A 
 weary Journey. — Fatigue and Anxiety. — Wyndham's Defeat. 
 
 — Sir Colin's opportune Arrival saves our Cawnpore Entrench- 
 ment. — The Gwalior Rebels occupy the Station of Cawnpore. 
 
 — The Late General Wheeler's Entrenchments Sad Mementos 
 
 of Snflferings. — Recollections of Sir Hugh Wheeler. — Our Com- 
 munications with the Town cut off. — Our Entrenchment on 
 the Ganges. — A Friend's Escape from the Scenes of Rebellion. 
 
 — The only Survivor of the Futtygurh Massacre. — Warm Re- 
 ception at Allahabad. — My Arrival at Calcutta. 
 
 < )dr military duties did not yet cease. A number of 
 ivilians, among whom I was one, were told off as a 
 uard on the state prisoners. One of them, Rookna- 
 od-Dowlah, had died previous to the Commander-in- 
 
 'hiefs arrival; and another, the Rajah of Tool- 
 epore, expired on the way to the Alumbagh. 
 
 1 he whole of Brigadier-General Hope Grant's divi- 
 
 A A 2 
 
356 SIEGE OF LUCKNOW. [Nov. 
 
 sion served us as an escort to Alumbagh, Sir Colin 
 himself heading it, while Sir James Outram was left 
 with his division at Dilkusha, to prevent any possible 
 molestation from the enemy. 
 
 On the 25th an event happened which detracted 
 not a little from the joy we were then experiencing. 
 The gallant, the noble, the undaunted Havelock died 
 at Alumbagh, of dysentery, caused by over-exertion 
 and fatigue. It appeared as if he had strained every 
 nerve to accomplish one object, and, having seen its 
 accomplishment, succumbed to the prostration which 
 the exertion had entailed. Havelock expired at 
 the very time when the people of England with one 
 voice proclaimed him entitled to the highest honour 
 a nation can bestow, when his name was in every 
 one's mouth, and when we of the old Lucknow 
 garrison— grateful as we felt towards the gallant old 
 commander who had rescued us from immediate 
 peril, and who afterwards shared our privations, 
 dangers, and discomforts for two months longer — 
 should have been still more happy had we seen 
 him able to enjoy the honours in store for him. 
 Yet the knowledge of having a place in the affec- 
 tions of the British nation, and the gratitude of 
 every European in India, must have been, even on 
 his deathbed, a sufficient reward. His brevet of 
 
Nov.] MOURNFUL DEATH OF GEX. HAVELOCK. 357 
 
 K. C. B. reached him only a very few days before his 
 death. 
 
 Havelock had been a good and a religious man. 
 He had always family worship, and never undertook 
 an expedition without having previously implored 
 the Divine aid. It was this confidence in Providence 
 which made him go on to assured victory, and to 
 conquer every difficulty in his way. 
 
 The British nation will not fail to confer on the 
 son some of the well-earned honours of the father, 
 so that the name may be transmitted to the latest 
 posterity.* Captain Henry jNIarshman Havelock in- 
 herits not a few of the General's virtues and abilities. 
 
 We left Alumbagh suddenly, on the receipt by Sir 
 Cob'n of some important message from Cawnpore. 
 And never shall I forget that long, long, weary, weary 
 march. To walk fifteen miles continuously, scarcely 
 interrupted by a short ride on the back of a camel, 
 or on the top of a primitive hackery, to arrive at an 
 encamping ground tired to exhaustion (for, after 
 our long sojourn in Lucknow, none of us could 
 boast of a strong constitution), without knowing 
 
 * This hope has been fulfilled. Capt. Havelock has been ad- 
 vanced to the dignity of a Baronet, with a pension of 1000/. a year 
 and the rank of a major in the army. His mother, Lady Havelock, 
 has also received a pension of 1000/. a year. 
 A A 3 
 
358 SIEGE OF LUCKNOW. [Nov. 
 
 where to lay one's head, was bad enough for a man, but 
 for a delicate lady it must have been terrible indeed. 
 
 But we were not long allowed to remain at our se- 
 cond encamping ground. A few hours, and another 
 still longer march was begun. On, on we went, in one 
 long, long line, — certainly not less than seven or 
 eight miles in length, and over a distance of more 
 than thirty miles, till we arrived a very short way 
 from the Cawnpore bridge of boats. Some bad news 
 had gone before, and we heard the booming of can- 
 non at a distance. What could it mean ? A large 
 fire, too, was visible, and, as we approached, we found 
 ourselves in the midst of war again. 
 
 Brigadier Wyndham had been defeated, and the 
 station of Cawnpore, on the other side of the canal, was 
 in entire possession of a large army of Gwalior rebels, 
 headed by Nana Sahib, Koer Sing, and other insur- 
 gent chiefs. 
 
 But for the rapidity of Sir Colin Campbell's move- 
 ments and his superior generalship, the bridge 
 of boats would have been lost, and we should have 
 been cut oif from all communication with the 
 other side, with an enemy in our front and another 
 in our rear. The rebel Mahrattas had actually 
 brought some guns to bear upon our troops, but our 
 artillery silenced them before others could be con- 
 
Nov.] GENERAL WHEELER's ENTRENCHMENTS. 3i>9 
 
 veyed to the river's edge. Sir Colin Campbell had 
 saved the Ca^\^lpore entrenchments. He remedied 
 the mistakes of the " hero of the Eedan." Still the 
 enemy held the station ; and in our encamping ground 
 near the Artillery Barracks, where we remained for 
 five days, a few shells occasionally favoured us with 
 a visit. 
 
 The house where the Nana's ruffians had slaugh- 
 tered our women was in the hands of the enemy, but 
 all the ground this side of the canal remained in our 
 hands. 
 
 I went to see the position occupied by the late Ge- 
 neral Sir Hugh WTieeler. A more mournful sight can 
 scarcely be imagined. The barracks which he had 
 so gallantly defended, dignified with the name, but not 
 the strength of " entrenchments," were even more 
 battered to pieces than our own at Lucknow had 
 been. 
 
 The walls were scribbled over in many places by 
 the unfortunate sufiferers. In one place was written, 
 " Here a round shot came and killed young Wheeler. 
 His brains and hair are scattered on the wall." 
 
 At another place were the words, " This is worse 
 than the siege of Jerusalem — My God, my God, 
 when wilt thou deliver us?" At another, again, 
 *' Countrymen, revenge our deaths ! " 
 
360 SIEGE OF LUCKNOW. [Nov. 
 
 One sentence, scarcely legible, written by one of 
 my friends, the late Post-Master of Cawnpore, ran 
 thus : — 
 
 " 4th June, wounded in the thigh. 
 6th „ ditto leg, bullet. 
 
 — — — fractured. 
 
 — shell — — all this and still 
 alive." " L. Eoche." 
 
 What misery the Cawnpore martyrs must have 
 endured. Poor Sir Hugh Wheeler, too ! He, two 
 of his sons, his wife, and his daughters, had been 
 fellow passengers of mine in the Bentinck, when I 
 returned from a voyage to Europe three years ago. 
 I thought of the good old gentleman, who had shown 
 me particular kindness, and pictured to myself the 
 horrible scenes in which he and his devoted band fell 
 victims. I left the place sad and melancholy. 
 
 All communications with the town were cut off, 
 and it was difficult for us to obtain provisions ; but 
 our force evidently held the enemy in check, and 
 neither in the camp which we occupied, nor in the 
 fortified entrenchment on the banks of the Granges, 
 were we seriously molested. 
 
 Indeed, I visited the latter frequently, and had 
 the pleasure of meeting an old friend there, a Mr, 
 Briant, who had been saved from all the dangers of 
 
Nov.] 
 
 the first outbreaks by the greatest good fortune in 
 the world. He had run before the storm which had 
 threatened to overtake him. From Bareilly, two 
 days before the murder of Messrs. Eobertson, Orr, 
 and others, he escaped with his family to Futtygurh, 
 arrived there a couple of days before the mutiny of 
 the 10th Native Infantry, and reached Cawnpore 
 thirty-six hours before the outbreak, succeeded in 
 persuading his wife's family to quit that devoted 
 place, and was just in time — within a few minutes 
 — to make his escape in a steamer to Calcutta from 
 Allahabad, when the outrages commenced, by which 
 so many Europeans lost their lives. 
 
 I had also the pleasure of meeting another old ac- 
 quaintance, Mr. Gavin Jones, the only survivor of all 
 the defenders of the Futtygurh station. On the aban- 
 donment of the fort by the Europeans, Mr. Jones found 
 himself in the boat which was attacked by the na- 
 tives. He was the only one saved, and escaped, with 
 a bullet-wound, to the other boats, where he met 
 with the greatest kindness, had fresh linen given to 
 him, and a meal prepared. Instead, however, of ac- 
 companying the sixty persons who were passengers in 
 tlie boats to Cawnpore, where they were eventually all 
 .-iaughtered, Mr. Jones, rendered reckless by despair 
 at his and his companions* condition, and the death 
 
362 SIEGE OF LUCKNOW. [Nov. 
 
 by a wound, of his brother, who had fallen at his very 
 feet, walked into a village alone, with a view of 
 being killed. But instead of meeting death, the ze- 
 mindar owning the estate protected hjm, and, on 
 the recapture of Cawnpore, sent him to that station. 
 I spent two or three happy days in the company of 
 these friends, notwithstanding the fire of the enemy. 
 
 At last, however, we left, only a couple of hours' 
 notice being given us. Our escort consisted of but 
 500 men of the 34th; but, making long forced 
 marches, we escaped all the dangers of the road, 
 which were not a few, and arrived at Allahabad by 
 railway from Chimmey. There we met with the mo&t 
 enthusiastic reception. I had friends, and was kindly 
 received by them. Collector Jones, Vincent, and 
 others, could not have been kinder. My uncove- 
 nanted Lucknow companions, however, did not fare 
 half so well. The authorities obliged them to leave 
 the comfortable barracks at first assigned for them, 
 and then made them remove into cold, small cooking 
 tents, pitched outside the fort. 
 
 Of my Agent Archer's fate, no doubt remained. 
 Our property could no longer be traced ; and of 
 what I had possessed there, a few broken articles and 
 empty cases were all that remained. 
 
 Before leaving, I had the satisfaction, however, of 
 
Nov.] MY ARRIVAL AT CALCUTTA. 363 
 
 hearing of Sir Colin Campbell's victories over the 
 Nana's army. He had only waited for our depar- 
 ture to attack and rout them. 
 
 Notwithstanding the persuasions of my friends to 
 the contrary, I ventiired, in company with my friend 
 Brian t, to leave for Calcutta by dak (post), in a 
 carriage by ourselves, meeting at Benares with an 
 equally kind reception. 
 
 My adventures closed on my arrival at Calcutta, 
 where I had the unspeakable pleasure of again shak- 
 ing my dear brother by the hand, and where at his 
 and our friend Schweighaeuser's handsome residence 
 in Chowringhee, I again enjoyed the blessings of a 
 life of ease and comfort. 
 
¥ 
 
 APPENDIX. 
 
 fist 
 
 OF 
 
 OFFICERS AND NON-MILITARY MEN 
 
 AND THEIR FAMILIES 
 
 PRESENT BEFORE AND DURING THE WHOLE OF THE 
 
 SIEGE OF LUCKNOW. 
 
 Abbott, Mrs., and child (^child dead). 
 
 Aitkin, Lieut, and Quartermaster, 13th Native Infantry, and 
 
 wife. 
 Alexander, Clare, 1st Lieut. Artillery (killed). 
 Alexander, J., 2nd Lieut. Artillery (^wounded). 
 AUnut, Clerk in Bank, wife (dead), and four children {one 
 
 dead). 
 Alone, A., Mr. (wounded), Innes' Outpost, and sister. 
 Alone, B., Uncovenanted Service, Innes' Outpost, and mother 
 
 (wounded). 
 Anderson, Major, Civil Engineers (dead). 
 Anderson, 25th Native Infantry, wife (dead), and two children 
 
 (one child dead). 
 Anderson, J. C, Lieutenant Engineers. 
 
366 APPENDIX. 
 
 Anderson, Mrs. Dr. 
 
 Anthony, David, Uncovenanted Service, Financial Garrison. 
 
 Apthorp, Major, 41st Native Infantry, wife, and child (dead). 
 
 Archer, Mr. (Martiniere), wife, and two children. 
 
 Arno, Miss. 
 
 Arthur, Lieutenant, 7th Light Cavalry (killed). 
 
 Bailey, G. (wounded). 
 
 Bailey, Mrs., and two children. 
 
 Banks, Major, Provisional Chief Commissioner (killed), wife 
 
 and child. 
 Barbor, Adjutant, 2nd Oude Cavalry (killed), and wife. 
 Barfoot, Mrs. 
 Barlow, Captain, Brigade Major Oude Irregular Force 
 
 (dead)j and wife. 
 Barnett, Mrs., and child. 
 
 Barrett, Uncovenanted Service (dead), wife and three chil- 
 dren (one child dead). 
 Barry, Mr., Uncovenanted Service. 
 Barsotelli, Signor, of Calcutta. 
 Bartrum, Mrs., and child (dead). 
 Barwell, Lieutenant, Fort Adjutant, Major of Brigade, wife 
 
 and child. 
 Bassano, Captain, Her Majesty's 32nd (wounded). 
 Bates, A., Uncovenanted Service, and wife. 
 Bax, Lieutenant, Second in Command, 1st Oude Cavalry 
 
 (killed in district). 
 Baxter, Uncovenanted Service (dead) ; wife and three children 
 
 (one child dead). 
 Beale, Un«ovenanted Service (killed) ; wife and two children 
 
 (all dead). 
 Bell, Overseer, mother-in-law (killed) ; wife and child. 
 Benson, Mr., Deputy Commissioner ; wife and child (child 
 
 dead). 
 
LIST OF OFFICERS, ETC. 367 
 
 Best, Uncovenanted Service, Judicial Garrison ; wife and child 
 (child dead). 
 
 Bickers, Uncovenanted Service {wounded) ; wife and three 
 children. 
 
 Birch, F. W., Lieutenant 71st, Aide-de-Camp {slightly 
 wounded). 
 
 Birch, Mr. H. H., Uncovenanted Service, and Miss Birch. 
 
 Birch, Lieutenant, 59th Native Infantry (killed), and wife. 
 
 Bird, Dr., Assistant Surgeon. 
 
 Bird, Major, 48th Native Infantry. 
 
 Bird, Mrs., and two children (one child dead). 
 
 Blaney, P., Sagos Garrison (wounded). 
 
 Blaney, C, Bhoosa Garrison (wounded), Uncovenanted Service, 
 wife and nephew. 
 
 Blenman, Uncovenanted Service (wounded), and mother. 
 
 Blunt, Clerk, Judicial Garrison, and wife. 
 
 Blythe, Uncovenanted Service, wife and child (child dead). 
 
 Boileau, Mrs. (wife of Captain G. W. Boileau), and four chil- 
 dren (one dead). 
 
 Boileau, Captain T. F., 7th Light Cavalry, 2nd in Com- 
 mand Volunteer Corps (wounded), wife and two children. 
 
 Bonham, 2nd Lieut Artillery (wounded four times). 
 
 Boulderson, Mr. Assistant Commissioner (slightly wounded). 
 
 Boulton, Lieutenant, 2nd Light Cavalry (killed in District). 
 
 Bowhear, Miss. 
 
 Boyd, Assistant-Surgeon, 32nd Regiment. 
 
 Brackenbury, Lieutenant, 32nd Regiment (killed). 
 
 Brandoff, Mrs. 
 
 Brett, Mrs., and child (child dead). 
 
 Brown, C, Clerk, Sagos* Garrison (killed). 
 
 Brown, J., Clerk, Anderson's Garrison (killed). 
 
 Brown, W., Uncovenanted Service, and wife. 
 
 Brown, Apothecary's Apprentice, Her Majesty's 32nd 
 (wounded). 
 
3G8 APPENDIX. 
 
 Browne, Oswin, Uncovenanted Service (dead), and wife. 
 Browne, G., Lieutenant, 32nd Regiment (wounded). 
 Browne, Miss. 
 Bruere, Major, 13th Native Infantry (killed), wife and four 
 
 children. 
 Burmester, Captain, 48th Native Infantry (killed in District). 
 Bryce, 2nd Lieutenant Artillery (wounded, dead). 
 Brydon, Surgeon, 71st Native Infantry (wounded), wife and 
 
 two children. 
 Bryson, Alexander, Uncovenanted Service, Sagos' Garrison 
 
 (killed), wife and four children (one child dead). 
 Burnett, Mrs., and child. 
 
 Cameron, of Allahabad (dead). 
 
 Cameron, Mr. R., of Calcutta (dead). 
 
 Campagnac, C, Uncovenanted Service, wife and daughter. 
 
 Campagnac, Lieut., late King's Service, wife and daughter. 
 
 Campbell, C. W., Lieut., 71st Native Infantry (wounded). 
 
 Campbell, W., Ensign, 71st Native Infantry. 
 
 Campbell, Surgeon, 7th Light Cavalry (killed). 
 
 Cane, Mrs., and three children. 
 
 Capper, Mr., Civil Service, Deputy Commissioner. 
 
 Carnegie, Capt., Provost-Marshal. 
 
 Case, Lieut.-Col., 32nd Regiment of Foot (killed), wife and 
 
 sister. 
 Casey, Uncovenanted Service (dead) ; wife and five children 
 
 (owe child dead). 
 Catania, C, Volunteer. 
 
 Catania, T., Uncovenanted Service, and mother. 
 Chambers, Lieut., Adjutant 13th Native Infantry (wounded). 
 Charlton, Ensign, S2nd Regiment (wounded). 
 Chrestien, Uncovenanted Service, and wife. 
 Clancey, Mrs., and two children. 
 
LIST OF OFFICERS, ETC. 369 
 
 Chick, late Sub-Editor of " Central Star," Judicial Garrison, 
 
 wife and two children (owe child dead). 
 Clancey, Uncovenanted Service, Judicial Garrison {killed). 
 Clarke, Stanley, Lieut. First Oude Infantry, and wife. 
 Clarke, Mrs., and child {both dead). 
 Clarke, J. Longueville, Lieutenant, Second in Command, 2nd 
 
 Oude Irregular Infantry (killed in district). 
 Clarke, Miss. 
 
 Clery, Lieutenant, Her Majesty's 32nd. 
 Collins, Mr. R. M., Uncovenanted Service, Civil Dispe:isary, 
 
 wife and child {both dead). 
 Collins, W., Assistant to Mr. F. Deprat. 
 Connell, Mrs., and child. 
 Cook, Lieut. 32nd Regiment {wounded). 
 Cook, Mrs., and four children {one child dead). 
 Couper, Mr.G., Civil Service, Secretary to Chief Commissioner, 
 
 wife and three children. 
 Court, Mrs. (Sergt.), and two children. 
 Crabb, Assistant to Hill and Co. (killed). 
 Crank, Mr. (Martiniere). 
 
 Cubitt, Lieut. 13th Native Infantry (wounded). 
 Cunliflfe, 2nd Lieutenant Artillery (killed). 
 Cunliffe, Mr., Civil Service (killed in district). 
 Curtain, Mrs., and three children. 
 Curwan, Mrs., and child. 
 
 Dacosta, Mrs. 
 
 Dallicott, Hospital Apprentice, Her Majesty's 32nd (killed). 
 Darby, Assistant Surgeon, 10th Oude Infantry (killed). 
 Darrah, Lieutenant, 41st Native Infantry, wife and two 
 
 children. 
 Dash wood. Lieutenant, 48 th Native Infantry (dead)^ wife and 
 
 three children (one child dead), 
 Dashwood, Ensign, 18ih Native Infantry (killed). 
 B B 
 
370 APPENDIX. 
 
 Deprat, Mr. F,, Merchant {killed), 
 
 Derozario, Mrs. 
 
 De Verrine, Mr. (Martiniere). 
 
 Dias, Un covenanted Service, and wife. 
 
 Dinning, Captain, 71st Native Infantry. 
 
 Dodd, Mr. (Martiniere). 
 
 Donnithorne^ Uncovenanted Service, Financial Garrison, wife 
 
 and two children {one child dead). 
 Dorin, Mrs. (killed). 
 
 Dorrett, R., Uncovenanted Service, Financial Garrison. 
 Dubois^ late Lieutenant, King of Oude's Service, and wife. 
 Dudman^ E., Uncovenanted Service, mother, wife, and three 
 
 children (two children dead). 
 Duffy, Mrs., and child. 
 Duhan, Mr., Volunteer. 
 
 Edgehill, Captain^ Military Secretary, wife and one child. 
 Edmonstone, Lieutenant, 32nd Regiment (wounded). 
 Eldridge, Riding Master, 7th Light Cavalry (killed). 
 Ereth, Mr., Railway Contractor (hilled), wife (wounded). 
 Evans^ Captain H. L. (Bombay), Deputy Commissioner. 
 
 (N. 13. Wife and child killed at Cawnpore.) 
 Ewart, Clerk, Judicial Garrison. 
 
 Farquhar, Lieutenant, 7th Light Cavalry (wounded). 
 Farquharson, Lieutenant, 48th Native Infantry (killed). 
 Fayrer, Mr., Volunteer, Oude Irregular Force (killed). 
 Fayrer, Dr., Assistant Surgeon_, Residency Surgeon, wife and 
 
 child. 
 Fernandes (Uncovenanted Service). 
 Fitzgerald, W. E., Uncovenanted Service, wife, mother, and 
 
 three children (one child dead). 
 Fitzgerald, Mrs., and child. 
 
 Fletcher, Lieutenant, 48th Native Infantry (wounded). 
 Forbes, Captain 1st Oude Cavalry (slight wound), wife and 
 
 three children (two children dead). 
 
LIST OF OFFICERS, ETC. 371 
 
 Forbes (Uncovenanted Service), and mother. 
 
 Forder, W., Mr., Postmaster, Post Office Garrison. 
 
 Forester, Clerk (wounded). 
 
 Foster, Lieutenant, 32nd Regiment (wounded). 
 
 Francis, Major R.B., Commanding Muchee Bhawn (killed). 
 
 French, Uncovenanted Service. 
 
 Fullerton, Lieutenant, 44«th Native Infantry (dead), wife and 
 child (child dead). 
 
 J'ulton, Captain G., Garrison Engineer (killed)^ wife and child. 
 
 Gabriel, Uncovenanted Service, wife and three children. 
 
 Gall, Major, 2nd Oude Cavalry (killed), and wife. 
 
 Gamboa (deserted), and mother. 
 
 Gardner, Miss (wounded). 
 
 Garland, Mr. R., Uncovenanted Service, Extra Assistant Com- 
 missioner (dead), wife and child. 
 
 Garrett, Mrs. and two children. 
 
 Geoffrey, Captain, 13th Native Infantry, and wife. 
 
 Giddings, Paymaster 32nd Regiment, and wife. 
 
 Gordon, Mr. J., Uncovenanted Service, Judicial Garrison, wife 
 and two children, 
 
 Graham, Lieutenant, Adjutant 1st Oude Cavalry (dead), wife, 
 two children (one child dead). 
 
 Graham, Lieutenant, 3rd Oude Irregular Cavalry (wounded . 
 
 Grant, Lieutenant, 71st Native Infantry (killed). 
 
 Grant, Lieutenant, Bombay Army, 2nd in command 5th Oude 
 Infantry (killed) ; wife and child (both dead). 
 
 Grant, Mrs. (Sergeant). 
 
 Graves, Lieutenant, 41st Native Infantry (dead). 
 
 Gray, Brigadier, Oude Irregular Force. 
 
 Graydon, Lieutenant, Commanding 7th Oude Infantry (killed). 
 
 Green, Captain, 48th Native Infantry, and wife (dead). 
 
 Green, Lieutenant G W., 13th Native Infantry (dead). 
 
 Greenhow, Assistant-Surgeon Oude Irregular Force. 
 
 B B 2 
 
372 APPENDIX. 
 
 Griffiths, Mrs. (Sergeant), and three children. 
 Gubbins, Mr. M. R., Financial Commissioner, and wife. 
 
 Hadow, Surgeon, 5th Oude Infantry. 
 
 Hale, Mrs., and child (both dead), 
 
 Halford, Colonel, 71st Native Infantry {dead), wife and 
 daughter. 
 
 Hamilton, W,, wife and three children {two children dead). 
 
 Hampton, Miss. 
 
 Handscombe, Brigadier, Commanding Oude Brigade {killed). 
 
 Hardinge, Lieutenant, Oude Irregular Force, Deputy-As- 
 sistant-Quarter-Master-General {wounded). 
 
 Hardingham, F., Mr., Uncovenanted Service, and mother. 
 
 Harmar, Lieutenant, 32nd Regiment {wounded). 
 
 Harris, Rev. H. P., Assistant Chaplain, and wife. 
 
 Hawes, Captain, 5th Oude Infantry {wounded). 
 
 Hay, Lieutenant, 48th Native Infantry {wounded). 
 
 Hayes, Captain Fletcher, Military Secretary {killed), wife and 
 child. 
 
 Hearsey, Captain W., Oude M. Pol. 
 
 Hely, Veterinary Surgeon, 7th Light Cavalry {killed^. 
 
 Hembro, Uncovenanted Service, wife and three children. 
 
 Hernon, Mrs., and four children. 
 
 Hewitt, Ensign, 41st Native Infantry {wounded). 
 
 Higgins, Apothecary, Her Majesty's 32nd, wife (dead), and 
 two sisters. 
 
 Hill, Mr. James, (Merchant). 
 
 Hilton, Sergeant (Martiniere), wife and two children. 
 
 HoflP, Edward, Uncovenanted Service, Sagos' Garrison, wife 
 and child {child dead). 
 
 Horan, Mrs. {killed), and three children {one child dead). 
 
 Horn, Mrs., and three children. 
 
 Howard, B., Mr. 
 
LIST OF OFFICERS, ETC. 373 
 
 Hughes, Capt., 4th Oiule Infantry (^hilled). 
 
 Hutchinson, Lieut., attached to Engineers. 
 
 Hutton, Uncovenanted Service. 
 
 Huxham, Lieut., 48th Native Infantry (^wounded) ; wife and 
 
 two children (one child dead). 
 Hyde, Apothecary (wounded) ; wife and two children. 
 
 James, Lieutenant, Deputy-Assistant Commissary-General 
 
 (wounded). 
 Jeoffroy, Mr., of Calcutta. 
 Inglis, Brigadier, Commanding Garrison, wife and three 
 
 children. 
 Inglis, H., Lieutenant, 4Ist Native Infantry (wounded). 
 Inglis, Ensign, 63rd Native Infantry. 
 Innes, M*=Leod, Lieutenant, Engineers. 
 Johannes, Merchant, wife and child. 
 Johnson, Uncovenanted Service. 
 Jones, Uncovenanted Service, and wife. 
 Jones, T. E. (deserted). 
 Joseph, Mrs., and three children. 
 Joyce, W., Uncovenanted Service, Judicial Garrison, wife and 
 
 child. 
 Joyce, R., Uncovenanted Service, Judicial Garrison. 
 Ireland, G., Uncovenanted Service, wife and child. 
 Ireland, W. 
 
 Kavanagh, Mr. H., Uncovenanted Service, wife and four 
 
 children (one child dead). 
 Keir, Lieutenant, 41 st Native Infantry. 
 Kemble, Captain, 4 1st Native Infantry (wounded). 
 Kendall, Mrs., and child (child dead). 
 Kennedy, Mrs. and Miss. 
 Keogh, Mrs. (Sergt.), and five children (three children dead). 
 
 B B 3 
 
374 APPENDIX. 
 
 Right, Mr. Fitz-Herbert, Editor of "Central Star;" Local 
 
 Serjeant Financial Garrison. 
 Kingsley, wife of Sergeant Kingsley, and four children. 
 
 Langmore, Lieutenant, Adjutant 71st Native Infantry. 
 Lawrence, Sir H. M., Chief Commissioner of Oude, K.C.B. 
 
 {killed). 
 Lawrence, Mr., Civil Service, Deputy Commissioner 
 
 {wounded). 
 Lawrence, Lieutenant, H. M. S2nd. 
 Lawrence, John, Uncovenanted Service, wife and two children 
 
 {one child dead). 
 Leach, Mr. F., Civil Apothecary, Civil Dispensary. 
 Leslie, Uncovenanted Service, and wife. 
 Lester, Lieutenant, 32nd Native Infantry {killed). 
 Lewin, 2nd Lieutenant [killed) ; wife and two children. 
 Lincoln, Uncovenanted Service, wife and child. 
 Longden, Mrs. (Sergeant). 
 Longton, Mrs. and child. 
 Loughnan, Lieutenant, 13th Native Infantry. 
 Lowe, Major, Commanding 32nd Regiment [wounded). 
 Lucas, Mr. Fitzherbert Dacre, late Captain Tipperary Militia, 
 
 Artillery {killed). 
 Luxted, Pensioner, Uncovenanted Service, wife and daughter. 
 Lynch, Mrs. (Sergeant), and child, 
 
 Mahar, Mrs. (Sergeant), and two children. 
 
 Mansfield, Captain, Her Majesty's 32nd {dead). 
 
 Manton, Mrs. (Sergeant). 
 
 Marley, Mrs. and child. 
 
 Marriott, Major, Pension Paymaster, and wife. 
 
 Marshall, W., Opium Contractor {killed), and wife. 
 
 Marshall, Miss. 
 
 Marshall, J., Mr., Supervisor, Post Office, wife and child. 
 
CONTENTS. xxi 
 
 September. — Quiet Days. — Sudden Death — Death of Cap- 
 tain Fulton. — His Eulogy. — Fatal Error. — Deprat's Death. — 
 The Protestant and Roman Catholic Clergymen. — Deprat's 
 ^Military Experiences in Africa. — OtFer of Service from the Nana. 
 
 — Conversation with the Insurgents. — Characteristic Anecdote. 
 
 — The only Effective Artillery Officer. — Casualties. — Suicide. 
 
 — Continuation of my Journal. — Signs of Coming lieiuforccments. 
 
 Page 205 
 
 CHAP. XIII. 
 
 liAVELOCK's REINFOECEMENTS ARRIVE. — THE TMEN TT-FIFTil OF 
 SEPTE9IBER. 
 
 Our Reinforcements arrive. — Street Fighting. — Providence. — Our 
 Friends enthusiastically received. — The Cawnpore Massacre. — 
 My Agent's Death. — News of the Indian Stations. — A Feast. — 
 The Hornpipe. — Havelock's Victories. — The Naniu — A fit Retri- 
 bution. — The Cawnpore Slaughter-house. — Havelock defeats the 
 Enemy in every Engagement. — His Return to Cawnpore. — 
 General Outram's characteristic Generosity. — Advance upon 
 Lucknow. — The Volunteer Cavalry. — The Storming of the 
 Alumbagh. — Reception of the Enemy's Cavalry. — The Battle of 
 the Charbagh. — A Wily Foe. — Fire from the Kaiserbagh. — 
 The Bagpipe a rare Instrument of Salvation. — Every House a 
 Fort. — The " Forlorn Hope." — General Neill's Death - 222 
 
 CHAP. XIV. 
 
 THE TWENTY-SIXTH OF SEPTEMBER. 
 
 Horrible Fate of some of our "Wounded. — Captain Arnold's fright- 
 ful Situation. — Colonel Campbell's Position. — Colonel Napier 
 and " Ilellfire-Jack." — Attack of Colonel Purcell and the 32nd. 
 — Noble Devotion of our Sepoys. — Honour to whom Honour is 
 due. — Heroic Deaths. — Sir James Outrani. — Wounded Offi- 
 cers. — Losses of the Volunteer Cavalry The 1st Madras 
 
 Fusiliers and 78th Highlanders. — Sorrowful End of Lieutenant 
 
 Jolie. — The 84th and 90th Regiments Havelock's heavy 
 
 Sacrifice. — Our true Saviours. — Ruined Condition of our En- 
 trenchments ...... 239 
 
 b 
 
XXn CONTENTS. 
 
 CHAP. XV. 
 
 LUCKNOW AFTER HATELOCK's ARRIVAL, 
 
 Our cxterjded Positions. — African Eifleman's Contempt of our 
 Shells. — The Tehree Kothee. — The Order of the Day, — Em- 
 bavras do Richesses, — Luxuries. — The Second Chapter of the 
 
 Siege, — Sir Henry Lawrence's Foresight Purchase of Food, 
 
 — Hunger imperative. — Kossids, — Position of our Men at the 
 Alumbagh,— Our Colours and Band, — Lidomitable Persererance 
 of our Foe. — Effect of our Shot and Shell upon the Enemy's 
 Positions. — Picturesque Aspect of the City of Lucknow, — Meet- 
 ing with old Friends. — Captain Alexander Orr, — Goldsworthy. 
 — Berrill. — The Intelligence Department. — The Eebel King. — 
 His Minister and Council The Commander-in-Chief of the In- 
 surgents. — Danger of high Offices with the Mutineers. — The 
 People of Lucknow. — Punishment for Adhesion to our Cause. — 
 European Prisoners in the hands of the Enemy. — Rajah Man 
 Sing of Sultanpore. — A Friend turned Foe. — The Rebels offer 
 to treat with Sir James Outram. — An insolent Proposal. — Mu- 
 tual Threats, — Fate of the Native Prisoners with the Insurgents. 
 
 — Native Gratitude _._._- Page 250 
 
 CHAP, XVL 
 
 OUR SORTIES AND DEFENSIVE OPERATIONS. 
 
 Captain Lowe's Sally, — Lieutenant Hughes and Mr. Sinclair 
 
 wounded Major Stephenson's Sortie unsuccessful, — Lieutenant 
 
 Hardinge's Gallantry and Success. — Sorties of the 29th September. 
 
 — Major Apthorp, — Death of Mr. Lucas, — Captain M'Cabe falls 
 while leading his fourth Sortie. — Captain Shute's Attack on Hill's 
 House. — Anecdotes. — Colonel Napier's Attack on Phillips' Bat- 
 teiy. — Repairs of our Entrenchments. — Our Engineering Ope- 
 rations. — Easy Capture of " the Mound," — Strengthening our 
 Position. — Sergeant Purdell shot at my side. — Death of my 
 Captain, — Our Losses. — Affecting Death-bed Scene. — Sorrow 
 and Joy. — Scientific Construction of the Enemy's Batteries. — 
 Captain Cjommelin's Engineering Works The Enemy's Mines. 
 
 — Successful Repulse of the Enemy's Attack. — Our Mining 
 Operations - - - - - -270 
 
CONTENTS. xxiil 
 
 CHAP. xvn. 
 
 COXTINCATIOK OF THE SIEGE. 
 
 Notes from my Journal. — News of the Fall of Delhi. — Position- of 
 Alumbagh. — Death of ^Mr. Thornhill while saving Captain 
 Havelock's Life. — General Havelock's Interesting Letter. — In- 
 stances of Mr. Thomhill's Gallantry. — Reward to the Uncove- 
 nanted. — Injustice to non-Government Volunteers. — Prize 
 Jewels. — General Outram's Division Order. — Reward of our 
 Sepoys. — Auctions in our Garrison. — Brigadier Inglis's Im- 
 provements within the old Entrenchments. — Dr. Scott's Hospital 
 Arrangements. — Commissariat Reductions. — Our Treasure Ex- 
 humed. — Sanitary Measures. — Fortifying of our New Positions. 
 
 — Successful Explosion of our Mines. — Loss of the Enemy. — 
 Captain Brasyer's Sikhs and our other Troops. — News of Sir 
 Colin Campbell's Approach. — Our Intelligence Department. — 
 Telegraph Signals . . . . Page 289 
 
 CHAP. XVIIL 
 
 KAVAXAGH's exploit. — OUK OFFENSIVE OPERATIONS. 
 
 Mr. Eavanagh volunteers to carry Despatches. — His interesting 
 Narrative. — Mrs. Eaivanagh. — Lieutenant Hutchinson's Mines. 
 
 — Havelock's offensive Operations. — Explosion of our Mines. — 
 Our Attacks upon the Hirukhana, Engine House, King's Stables, 
 Captain Lockhart's Post. — Ardour of our Troops. — Havelock's 
 Success. — Our Casnalties - _ - . 304 
 
 CHAP. XIX. 
 SIR COLIN Campbell's operations. 
 Sir Colin Campbell advances upon Lucknow. — His Force. — Lieu- 
 tenant Gough's brilliant Charge. — Capture of the Dilkusha. — 
 Attack upon the Martini5re College. — Captain Bourchier repulses 
 the Enemy. — Advance upon the Secundrabagh. — Brigadier Hope's* 
 Charge. — Storming of the Secundrabagh Buildings. — The Enemy's 
 desperate Resistance. — Emulation between Europeans and Sikhs. 
 
 — Immense Slaughter of the Rebels. — Brigadier-General Grant's 
 and Captain Peel's Naval Brigade. — Assault on the Shah 
 NndjufF, — Attack upon the Mess House. — Capture of the 
 Observatory. — Enemy's Attack repulsed. — Meeting between 
 
XXIV CONTENTS. 
 
 Sir Colin Campbell and Generals Outram and Havelock, — 
 Havelock's Harangue. — His wonderful Self-command. — Officers 
 who distinguished themselves. — Mr. Kavanagh's and Lord 
 Seymour's Services.— Sir Colin Campbell's Despatch. — Sir Colin's 
 Losses. — List of Officers killed _ - - Page 318 
 
 CHAP. XX. 
 
 THK RELIEF OF LUCKNOW. — EVACUATION OF THE RESIDENCT. 
 
 Lucknow relieved. — The Sweets of Liberty. — New Delights. — 
 The Letter-bag. — Anxiety of my Friends. — Death of Mr. 
 Cameron. — Mr. M'Eae. — Lieutenant Dashwood's sad End. — 
 Brigadier Inglis Kindness of Mr. Gubbins to wounded Officers. 
 
 — Mr. Gubbins at the Council of War — Bursting of useless 
 Guns. — Narrow Escape. — The Ladies, Children, and Wounded 
 leave the Residency. — Mrs, Inglis's noble Act. — Her Description 
 of the Ladies' Exodus. — Move upon the Kaiserbagh. — Strategic 
 Manoeuvre of Sir Colin Campbell. — Evacuation of Lucknow. — 
 Freedom — Manoeuvres. — Services of the 9th Lancers. — The 
 Commander-in-Chief's General Order. — His Acknowledgment of 
 the Services of Non-military Men ... 337 
 
 CHAP. XXL 
 
 CONCLUSION. 
 
 Civilian Guard on the State Prisoners. — Our Escort. — Sir James 
 Outram 's Column remains at Alumbagh. — Mournful Death of 
 General Havelock. — Gratitude and Sorrow of the British Na- 
 tion. — Captain Havelock. — March from the Alumbagh. — A 
 weary Journey — Fatigue and Anxiety. — Wyndham's Defeat. — 
 Sir Colin's opportune Arrival saves our Cawnpore Entrenchment. 
 
 — The Gwalior Eebels occupy the Station of Cawnpore. — The 
 late General Wheeler's Entrenchments. — Sad Mementos of Suffer- 
 ings. — Recollections of Sir Hugh Wheeler. — Our Communica- 
 tions with the Town cut off. — Our Entrenchment on the Ganges. 
 
 — A Friend's Escape from the Scenes of Rebellion. — The only 
 Smwivor of the Futtygurh Massacre. — Warm Reception at 
 Allahabad. — My Arrival at Calcutta _ - - 355 
 
 Appendix ...-.-. 365 
 
LIST OF OFFICERS, ETC. 375 
 
 Martin, Lieutenant, 7th Light Cavalry (killed). 
 
 Martin, Mr., Deputy Commissioner, wife and two children 
 
 (dead). 
 Martin, Bandmaster, Post Office Garrison, and wife. 
 Martiniere College, about fifty boys (fer^/eM?ico<<«rfe6?«;ic?rfe«rf). 
 Master, Lieutenant-Colonel, 7th Light Cavalry. 
 May, W.J Mr., Uncovenanted Service, Engineers, Post Office 
 
 Garrison. 
 M<=AulifF, Mr., Uncovenanted Service {kiilcd). 
 M«^Cabe, Captain, Her Majesty'* S2nd Foot (kUied). 
 M^^Donald, Surgeon, 4th Native Infantry (dead). 
 M<=Donnough, Mrs., and two children. 
 ]\I<=Farlane, 2nd Lieutenant Artillery {wounded). 
 .AFGrath, Ensign, Her Majesty's 84th Regiment. 
 M'^Gregor, Ensign, 41st Native Infantry (rfearf). 
 M<^Grennan, Uncovenanted Service, and wife. 
 M<=Lean, Captain, 71st Native Infantry {killed). 
 M'^Rae, Mr., Civil Engineer {wounded). 
 Macmanus, Uncovenanted Service (killed). 
 Mecham, Lieutenant, Adjutant 7th Oude Infantry. 
 Mendes, Uncovenanted Service (killed), and wife (dead). 
 Miller, Mrs., and four children. 
 Mitchell, Uncovenanted Service. 
 MoUoy, Mrs., and five children. 
 Morgan, J. J., Uncovenanted Service, Artillery (wounded), and 
 
 wife. 
 Morton, Mrs., and child (child dead). 
 lorton, Mrs., and two children (both children dead). 
 
 Nazareth, Uncovenanted Service, wife (dead) and two cliildren. 
 Sved, Captain W, A\'., merchant, (killed), wife and three 
 
 children. 
 Nepean, Miss, 
 
376 APPENDIX. 
 
 Nugent, Mrs., Senior. 
 
 Nugent, Mrs., Jun., and three children. 
 
 O'Brien, Lieutenant, Her Majesty's 84th {wounded'). 
 
 O'Dowda, Ensign, 48th Native Infantry (wounded). 
 
 Ogi^vy, Surgeon, Sanitary Commissioner, and wife. 
 
 OHver, Overseer, Magazine («?ownc?ed), wife a^d two children. 
 
 Ommaney, Mr., Judicial Commissioner (killed), and wife. 
 
 Ommaney, two Misses. 
 
 Orr, Adolphe, Captain, Oude Military Police, wife and child. 
 
 Ouseley, Lieutenant, 4Sth Native Infantry, wife and three 
 
 children (two dead). 
 Overitt, Apothecary, 32nd Regiment. 
 Overitt, R., Jun, Apothecary's Apprentice, Hospital 32nd 
 
 Regiment. 
 Owen, — , Uncovenanted Service. 
 Ovven, Alfred. 
 
 Palmer, Lieut.-Colonel, 48th Native Infantry, and daughter 
 
 {killed). 
 Parry, Secretary of the Delhi Bank, wife and four children. 
 Partridge, Assistant Surgeon, Oude Irregular Force. 
 Pearce, Uncovenanted Service, Artillery, wife and two children. 
 Pedron, Mrs. 
 Pelling, Mrs. 
 Peters, Mrs. 
 
 Peuder, Mrs., and four children. 
 Pew, Senior, Uncovenanted Service, and wife. 
 Pew, A., Junior, Uncovenanted Service^ wife and two children 
 
 {one child dead). 
 Phillips, Uncovenanted Service, Judicial Garrison, and wife. 
 Phillips, W., Uncovenanted Service {sent with despatches, 
 
 missing), wife and child. 
 Pidgeon, Uncovenanted Service, Judicial Garrison {killed), and 
 
 wife. 
 
LIST OF OFFICERS, ETC. 377 
 
 Pitt, Surgeon, 13th Native Infantry, and wife. 
 Polehampton, Rev. H. S., Assistant Chaplain (dead), and wife. 
 Potter, Clerk, Judicial Garrison. 
 
 Power, Captain, Her Majesty's 32nd Regiment (killed). 
 Purcell, Mrs., and child. 
 
 Queiros, F., Uncovenanted Service, wife and child. 
 Queiros, E., Junior, Uncovenanted Service. 
 Queiros, A. 
 
 Radcliffe, Captain, 7th Light Cavalry, commanding Volunteer 
 Corps (killed), wife and three children (one child dead). 
 
 Rae (Pleader), (wounded), and wife. 
 
 Raleigh, Cornet, 7th Light Cavalry (killed). 
 
 Ramsay, Telegraph Office (killed), and wife. 
 
 Rees, L. E., Mr., of Calcutta, Innes' Outpost. 
 
 Reilly, Mrs., and child (child dead). 
 
 Rennick, Mrs.* 
 
 Roberts, Miss. 
 
 Robinson, Miss. 
 
 Rodgers, Miss. 
 
 Iluggles, Lieutenant, 41st Native Infantry^ and wife. 
 
 Rutledge, Uncovenanted Service (wounded), wife and two 
 children. 
 
 Ryder, Mrs. (Sergt.) 
 
 Sago, Mrs. 
 
 Samson, Mrs. 
 
 Sanders, Capt., 4l8t Native Infantry. 
 
 Sangster, Uncovenanted Service, sister, wife, and two children. 
 
 Savaille, Miss. 
 
 Schilling, Mr., (Principal, Martiniere,) and sister. 
 
 Schmidt, R. (dead). 
 
 Scott, Surgeon, S2nd Regiment. 
 
37S APPENDIX. 
 
 Scott, Mrs., and child {cliild dead). 
 
 Sewell, Lieut., 7ist Native Infantry. 
 
 Sequera, J., Senior, Uncovenanted Service, Invalids, and wife 
 
 (killed). 
 Sequera, Edwin, Uncovenanted Service (killed), and sister. 
 Sequera, H., Uncovenanted Service, Sagos' Garrison. 
 Sequera, C, Bhoosa Garrison (wounded). 
 Sexton, Mrs. 
 Shaw, Assistant Surgeon. 
 Sheppard, Lieut., 2nd in command 2nd Oude Cavalry 
 
 (killed). 
 Simons, Capt., Artillery (killed). 
 Sinclair, J., Merchant (wounded), and mother. 
 Sinclair, pensioner. 
 
 Smith, Adjutant, 48th Native Infantry (wounded). 
 Smith, Mrs., and three children. 
 Soppitt, Lieut., 4th Oude Infantry, and wife. 
 Soule, J. 
 
 Staples, Capt., 7th Light Cavalry (killed), and wife. 
 Stevens, Capt., Her Majesty's S2nd Regiment (killed), lady, 
 
 and daughter. 
 Strangways, Capt., 71st (wounded slightly), wife and four 
 
 children (one child dead). 
 Stribling, Quarter-Master, ^SSnd Regiment. 
 Stuart, Capt., 3rd Native Infantry, wife and child. 
 Studdy, Ensign, 32nd Regiment (killed). 
 Sullivan, Hospital Steward, Her Majesty's 32nd Regiment. 
 Swaries (wounded), wife and three children. 
 Symes, Mr. W., Anderson's Garrison. 
 
 Thaine, Lieutenant, 13th Native Infantry. 
 
 Thomas, 1st Lieutenant, Artillery, Madras, wife (dead), and 
 child. 
 
 Thompson, Apothecary, Acting Assistant Surgeon, Oude Ir- 
 regular Force, wife and three children. 
 
LIST OF OFFICERS, ETC. 379 
 
 Thornhil), Mr., Assistant Commissioner (killed), wife and 
 child {child dead). 
 
 Thriepland, Clerk, Judicial Garrison (wounded). 
 
 Todd, Clerk, Judicial Garrison, wife and child. 
 
 Tulloch, Lieutenant, 58th Native Infantry, Engineers De- 
 partment. 
 
 Twitchem, Mrs. 
 
 Vanrenen, Lieutenant, 2nd in command 9th Oude Infantry. 
 Velozo, Clerk, Uncovenanted Service, wife and sister. 
 Vaughan, Uncovenanted Service (wounded, since dead), wife 
 
 and child. 
 Virtue, Mrs. and Miss. 
 
 'Wall, Mr. (Martiniere). 
 
 Ward, Ensign, 48th Native Infantry. 
 
 Ward, Uncovenanted Service. 
 
 AVarner, Lieutenant, 7lh Light Cavalry. 
 
 Araterman, Captain, 13th Native Infantry (wounded). 
 
 Watson, widow of Sergeant Watson, and child. 
 
 ^^atson, Lieutenant, 2nd in command 7th Oude Irregular 
 
 Infantry, wife and child. 
 Webb, P. C, Lieutenant, 32nd Regiment (killed). 
 Wells, Surgeon, 48th Native Infantry (v:ounded slightly), wife 
 
 and child. 
 ^Vells, Uncovenanted Service (AriVferf), Artillery, wife and child. 
 ^\''eston, Captain, 65th Native Infantry, Oude Military 
 
 ♦Police. 
 A\'harton, J., Clerk, Sagos* Garrison, 
 AVilkinson, Mrs. (dead). 
 
 ^\'illiams, F., Clerk, Sagos' Garrison, wife and two children. 
 AV'illiams, St. Clare, Mr., Extra Assistant-Commissioner, Sagos' 
 
 Garrison. 
 Wilson, T. F., Captain, Deputy-Assistant-AdjuUnt-General 
 
 (wounded slightly). 
 
RETURN CIRCULATION DEPARTMENT 
 
 TO— #^ 202 Main Library 
 
 LOAN PERIOD 1 
 HOME USE 
 
 2 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 ( 
 
 b 
 
 ALL BOOKS MAY BE RECALLED AFTER 7 DAYS 
 
 Renewals and Recharges may be made 4 days prior to the due date. 
 
 Books may be Renewed by calling 642-3405. 
 
 DUE AS STAMPED BELOW 
 
 IT(I0ISCJAN17'91 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, BERKELEY 
 FORM NO. DD6 BERKELEY, CA 94720 
 
 ®$ 
 
C03ia53M21 
 
 UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LIBRARY