Phys.Sci, TNli90 Boalich, E. M3 1918 Manganese and chromium. CALIFORNIA STATE MINING BUREAU FERRY BUILDING, SAN FRANCISCO FLETCHER HAMILTON State Mineralogist San Francisco] PRELIMINARY REPORT No. 3 [March, 1918 Manganese and Chromium [SECOND EDITION] CALIFORNIA STATE PRINTING OFFICE SACRAMENTO 1918 CALIFORNIA STATE MINING BUREAU FERRY BUILDING, SAN FRANCISCO FLETCHER HAMILTON State Mineralogist San Francisco] PRELIMINARY REPORT No. 3 [March, 1918 Manganese and Chromium [SECOND EDITION] Bv E. S. BOALICH CALIFORNIA STATE PRINTING OFFICE SACRAMENTO 1918 TABLE OF CONTENTS. LETTER OP TRANSMITTAL TJ ._ 11 , irAOE FCRST EDITION __________________ , __________________________________ 5 SECOND EDITION CHAPTER I. MANGANESE. ORES ________________________________________ ., _______________________ 7 OCCURRENCE _________________________________________________________ 8 USES _________________________________________ , ______________________ 8 PRICES ___________________________________________ _________________ 9 FREIGHT RATES ___ , _________________________________________________ 9 OWNERS AND OPERATORS IN CALIFORNIA ________________________________ 12 CONCENTRATION __________________________ ., __________________________ 12 CONSUMERS _______________________________ , __________________________ 12 Letters from __________________________________________________ 13 U. S. GEOLOGICAL, SURVEY LIST OF PURCHASERS _________________________ 20 CHAPTER II. CHROMIUM. ORES ________________________________________________________________ 23 OCCURRENCE ________________________________________________________ 23 USES _______________________________________________________________ 23 PRICES _______________________________________ . ---------------------- 23 FREIGHT RATES _________________________ , --------------------------- 24 OWNERS AND OPERATORS IN CALIFORNIA -------- : ----------------------- 24 CONCENTRATION ____________ , _________________________________________ 29 BUYERS AND CONSUMERS _____________________________________________ 36 Letters from __________________________________________________ 37 APPENDIX. LIST OF PUBLICATIONS OF STATE MINING BUREAU ---------------------- 41 DETERMINATION OF MINERAL SAMPLES ____________________________ . ----- 44 ILLUSTRATIONS. MILL OF PLACER CHROME CONCENTRATING COMPANY, RATTLESNAKE BAH, EL DORADO COUNTY _______________________________________________ 30 FLOW SHEET ; CASTRO MILL ; CALIFORNIA CHROME COMPANY, SAN Luis OBISPO, CAL. _ ___ ,. ___ _______ __ 32 LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL. [Second Edition.] April 1, 1918. To His Excellency, the HONORABLE WILLIAM D. STEPHENS, Governor of California. SIK : The demand for manganese and chromium ores has constantly increased during the past few months, and as a result of the interest taken in this subject and the large number of inquiries which the Bureau has received for information in this regard, this revised edition of Preliminary Report No. 3 has been prepared. The original report, transmitted under date of October 15, 1917, is now entirely out of print. Respectfully submitted. FLETCHER HAMILTON, State Mineralogist. LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL. [First Edition.] October 15, 1917. To His Excellency, the HONORABLE WILLIAM D. STEPHENS, Governor of California. SIR: As a result of present transportation conditions a serious shortage exists in the supply of many mineral substances which were formerly imported, and w r hich are vitally important in the manufacture of munitions and in other industries. The necessity of taking a careful inventory of the nation's resources is rapidly dawning on the mining public. Facts relative to the location of ore deposits, difficulties which must be overcome to make them available for use, and methods to be employed, if their immediate development is demanded, must be correlated. With the idea in view of rendering all possible assistance in the development of this particular branch of the mining industry, the California State Mining Bureau took up a thorough investigation of manganese and chromium deposits in the state soon after the declara- tion of war with Germany. The field work has been practically com- pleted, and a detailed report will be made available for distribution at the earliest possible moment. While such report is in course of prep- aration, it has been deemed advisable to place in form for immediate reference the following data, which, it is hoped, will be of material assistance to all parties interested in this branch of the mining industry. This information will be of direct benefit to the United States Govern- ment, at this time of national stress. Respectfully submitted. FLETCHER HAMILTON, State Mineralogist. CHAPTER I. MANGANESE. Ores. The most common ores of manganese are the oxides, the carbonates and the silicates. There are also sulphides and phosphates. Of the oxides, psilomelane and pyrolusite are the most important. Psilomelane (Mn0 2 with MnO, BaO, K,0 and H 2 O). Essentially manganese dioxide. Color black or greenish black. Streak reddish or brownish black, and shining. Hardness 5 to 6. Gravity 4.4. Con- choidal fracture. Occurs massive, often associated with pyrolusite and limonite. A small portion colors the borax bead deep amethyst when hot, and reddish brown when cold. Gives much water when heated in the closed tube. When dissolved in hydrochloric acid (HC1) it gives a white precipitate of barium sulphate upon the addition of sulphuric acid (H 2 S0 4 ). It is a common manganese mineral, and one of the chief ores in the state. Its characteristic occurrence is in seams and irregular masses in jasper. Pyrolusite (Mn0 2 ) manganese dioxide. Manganese 63.2%. Oxygen 36.8%. Crystallizes in the orthorhombric system. Generally found fibrous and radiated or divergent. Sometimes small modified prisms. Often massive, in coatings, or as a powder. Color, iron black. Streak black. Submetallic luster. Hardness 2 to 2.5. Gravity 4.8. Splin- tery fracture. Colors the borax bead the same as psilomelane. Gives oxygen gas when heated in the closed tube, and very little or no water. Its softness is a guide to its detection. Manganite (Mn 2 3 H 2 O) hydrus oxide of manganese. Color, iron black. Dark reddish brown streak. Metallic luster. Hardness 4. Gravity 4.3 Cleavage perfect pinacoidal. Crystallizes as long prisms. Structure generally columnar. Deposits generally consist of black porus ore in masses or lenses in jasper, in metamorphic rocks. Gives water when heated in the closed tube. The prismatic crystallization and the dark brown streak are characteristic. Braunite (Mn,0 3 MnSi0 3 ) Silico oxide of manganese. Contains 69% manganese when pure. Color, black. Streak brownish black. Sub- metallic luster. Hardness 6.5. Gravity 4.7. Occurs as small pyramids and also massive. Siliceous manganese ores are very common in California, and it is probable that this one exists in many localities, but has never been reported. 8 CALIFORNIA STATE MINING BUREAU. Finely pulverized braunite is slowly dissolved by hydrochloric acid (HC1), and the solution yields gelatinous silica upon evaporation. Does not give oxygen or water when heated in the closed tube. Wad is an impure, soft black oxide often found with psilomelane. It occurs as earthy masses or as coatings. Color and streak black, or brownish black. Dull earthy luster. Very soft, hardness 1.6. Gravity 3.4. Soils the fingers. Proportion of manganese dioxide (MnO,) varies from 30% to 70%. Rhadochrosite (MnC0 3 ) manganese carbonate. MnO 61.4%. CO-> 38.6%. Color, rose red. Luster vitreous to pearly. Hardness 3.5^4.5. Gravity 3.5. Cleavage perfect rhombohedral. Occurs in small crystals or massive. Generally contains small amounts or iron, calcium, or magnesium. Often found in gold and silver regions associated with the veins. When treated with dilute hydrochloric acid it effervesces, or gives off carbon dioxide gas (CO 2 ), and the solution does not yield a jelly-like residue of silica upon evaporation. Rhodonite (Mn SiOJ manganese silicate. Color, rose red, flesh red or brownish. Vitreous luster. Perfect prismatic cleavage. Hardness 5.5-6.5. Gravity 3.5. Generally occurs massive. Often present in copper and silver veins, associated with pyrolusite and psilomelane. Fuses under the blowpipe to a black glass. Occurrence. According to Harder, 1 the characteristic occurrence of manganese in California is in the form of porus black oxide, associated as layers and pockets with the jasper lenses of the Franciscan formation of the Coast Ranges. Smaller deposits are found in the Sierra Nevadas, in veins in the Calaveras formation, as fragments disseminated in auriferous gravels, or in deposits associated with igneous rocks. Recent investigations made by field assistants of this bureau have fully corroborated the above opinion, although in addition to the examples cited some important deposits of this mineral have been found to occur, in Inyo and San Bernardino counties, as replacements in limestone or along contacts between limestone and granite. The deeper workings of the Ladd and Merchant mines in San Joaquin and Alameda counties are yielding the gray carbonate of manganese, rhodochrosite, as a commercial ore. Uses. A large proportion of manganese consumed in the United States has always gone into the manufacture of ferro-manganese, which is J Harder, E. C., U. S. Geol. Sur., Bull. 427 ; "Manganese Deposits of the United States." MANGANESE AND CHROMIUM. 9 employed in the steel industry. This use is of course more important at the present time than ever before, as the steel alloy containing man- ganese is particularly important in the manufacture of armor plate, as well as munitions and other war supplies. This material is also in demand in much lesser degree by manufac- turers of glass, electric dry batteries, paints, pottery, tile and brick. These chemical uses require, as a rule, a much higher grade of ore than does the steel industry. The ores best adapted for use in the steel industry should contain more than 40% manganese, and with the exception of phosphorus and silica, no other elements that are commonly present interfere with the use of the ore for this purpose. It is usually specified that ore containing more than 8% silica and two-tenths of 1% phosphorus, is not satisfactory. In the manufacture of dry bat- teries the usual specifications are that the ore must contain at least 80% manganese dioxide, less than \% iron, and less than 5% copper, nickel or cobalt. Ore containing more than 1% iron is not adaptable for use in the manufacture of flint glass. Detailed specifications, as required by . various consumers in the United States, are given on page 13. Price. The average value of manganese ores up to January, 1916, was approximately from $10 to $20 a ton, but since that time the curtail- ment of ferro-manganese imports from England and the increased demand has caused the price to rapidly rise. Quotation at San Fran- cisco. March 12, 1918, was 70 to 80^ per unit, based on 40 to 44% metallic manganese, maximum Si0 2 , allowable, 8%. Prices are liable to wide variation, however, and information in this regard should be kept up to date by reference from time to time to the columns of the current technical magazines or trade journals. Freight rates. The market for the bulk of the manganese ore produced in California is at the steel-producing centers of the East, although a considerable quantity of this material has recently been purchased by local firms. The freight rate on this class of material from various points in Cali- fornia to the Eastern seaboard is 67^ per 100 pounds, in 80,000-pound lots, for ore valued under $50 per ton. To Chicago the corresponding rate is 55^. For ore valued at from $50 to $100 per ton the rate is $19.04 per long ton of 2240 pounds to the Eastern seaboard, or 85^ per 100 pounds. For ore valued at from $100 to $300 per ton the corresponding rate is $1.55 per 100 pounds. For ore valued over $300 per ton the rate is $1.75 per 100 pounds. 10 CALIFORNIA STATE MINING BUREAU. Manganese Deposits or Producers. Alameda County. Name and address of owners or operators Name and location of property Beraudiere, John, Llvermore ------------ ....... ---------------------------------------- ......... ---- Davis, John T., 1582 Lincoln av, Alameda ----------- ..... ------------ ..... ------------------------- Levensaler-Speir Co., 259 Monadnock Bldg., S. F _____________________________________________________ McDonald, L. M., Livennore ___________________ Livermore Manganese Co ----------- Livermore Newhall, E. P., box 354, Livermore _______________ Newhall Manganese Lease ---------- Livermore Newman, Harry O. D., Livermore ___________________________________________________________ ...... ---- Overacker, H. T., Livennore ------------------------------- ..... ----------------------------- ......... Amador County. Manganese Co. of Cal., 180 Sutter st., S. F ---------------------------------------------------------- Butte County. Wooley, George, Clipper Mills ______________________ Bear Canyon Mine __________ ..... -Clipper Mills Glenn County. Burrows, I. A., Newville ___________________________ ...... ____________________________ Newville Luce, Alonzo, 333 N. Butte St., Willows _____________________________________________________________ Noyes, A. H., et al., Mechanics Inst. Bldg., S. F. ___ Rattlesnake Mine ..... ________________ Fruto Sehorn, A. W., 157 Plumas St., Willows _____________ Black Diamond Mine.. ............ . ..... _______ Humboldt County. Brewer, Charles, Eureka ____________________________ Porter Ranch Manganese __________ Fort Baker Wood, Wilson, Harris _______ - ______________________ ----------------------------- ..... ------------- Kern County. Lovett, T., & Sullivan, G. M., Randsburg ________ Lovett & Sullivan Group _____________ Garlock Lake County. Holbrook, E. E., Potter Valley ___________________ Middle Creek Mining Co __________ Upper Lake Van, George, box 49, Upper Lake ________________ Van Ranch Manganese ______ ..... ____________ Mendocino County. Beck, Mrs. E., Fetters Springs __________________________________ ......... . ..... . ...... ______ IRedwood Bowen, Marshall, Hemlock ______________________________________ ...... __________________________ Brereton, Charles, Oovelo ____ . _________________________________________________________ Covelo Busch, George, Potter Valley ___ '. __________________ Independent Mine ___________ Foster Mountain Busch, J. J. and S. H., Potter Valley _____________ Busch Manganese Deposits _____________________ Busch, J. G. and John, Willits ______________________ Busch Deposit _____________ Foster Mountain dark, Walter, Covelo _______________________________________ ....... _______________ ; _______________ Connor, Matt, Covelo __ : _____________________________________________________________ ..... __ Guss Bros., Calpella ______ _ _______________________ ___________ ..... ________________ ..... .Oalpella Guthrie, Alex, and Root, Mrs. F. M., Alderpoint ____ Guthrie-Root Chrome Group ___ Red Mountain Holbrook, E. E., and Burris, S. E., Potter Valley __________________________ ..... _____ Potter Valley Jameson, James, Covelo. ...... _____________________ ...... _______ ..... _____________ ......... _________ Manganese Co. of Cal., Adams Bldg., S. F .......... ___________________ IIIIII II__III"II_~~~I McClendon, Walter, Calpella _______________________________________________________ .".Redwood "vailey Morrison, Nat, Oovelo _________________________ __ j _____ Noble Electric Steel Co., E. E. Mead,"secy~~"995 " Market St., San Francisco _______________________________________________________ ... Ukiah Nolan, W., Covelo __________________________ Ochsner, W. H., First Nat. Bank Bldg., S. ~F._II~lBusch~ Deposit "~."1V._."."_."7."" Potter" Valley Requa, Nelson, Redwood Valley, via Oalpella _________ ..... _________________________ Redwood Valley Shields, W. E., et al., Covelo ------------------------ Thatcher Creek Mine. ___ Covelo Smith, S., and Waldteufel, J. A., Ukiah __________ Mt. San Hedron Mine Ukiah Taylor, Lee, Redwood Valley, via Oalpella _____ ......... _____________ _ Redwood Valley Thomas, W. P., Ukiah ------------------------------ Thomas Manganese Mine Upp, George, Willits ______________________________________________________ Waldteufel, J. A., Ukiah --------------------- "Illllwild Devil Mine-l~~./.~~~~"~"l"Jl"jjkfob Merced County. Briggs, N. O., Hollister ______________ ........ ____ Hendriek Mine - ....... .. ..... ______ ........... Nevada County. Loofbourrow, O. E., 719 7th av., Oakland _____________________ ...... . ....... . ................... _. Plumas County. Altshuler, Samuel, 251 Montgomery st., S. F ____ ..... ___ ..... __________ ....... _________ Boyden, W. P., and Koenig, Fred, Greenville _______ ..... _______________ I-""~~"~~IIIIII! Braito, F. E., and Mason, J. F., Crescent Mills ___ Buster Ryan Manganese ____ Clough, L. L., Qulncy _________________________________________________ ......... _______ __Qafaey Kloppenburg, H. A., et al., Quincy ______________________________ I _____ I-I"I~~iri_II ~Quiney MANGANESE AND CHROMIUM. 11 Riverside County. Name and address of owners or operators Name and location of property Black Jack Manganese Mine, Floyd Brown, Supt., BIythe Brown, Floyd, Blyths Maberry-Brown Manganese English Kinzie, Robert A., First Nat. Bank Bldg., 8. P. San Benito County. Briggs, N. O., Hollister ._ Earl, W. O., Windeler Apts., 424 Ellis St., S. F Hendricks Manganese Mine Hollister Stewart, E. T., South Dos Palos Hannagan Ranch Panoche San Bernardino County. Brubaker, J. G., 1188 Kingman st., San Bernardino LudJow Fifty Associated Securities Co., Union Oil Bldg., Los Angeles Garinger, I. D., Daggett ,Daggett Mcllroy, Charles, box 41, Barstow Concord et al. Manganese Group Pacific Minerals Products Co., 301-329 North Avenue 19, Los Angeles. Seymour, Alf, and Garinger, I. D., Daggett ^Daggett Stenton, Ruben, Silver Lake. Silver Lake Yeoman, Alex, Silver Lake Owl Hole Manganese Mine San Diego County. Ruby, Don A., Boulevard Ruby Manganese Deposit Boulevard Son Joaquin County. Western Rock Products Co., Balboa Bldg., S. F Ladd Mine - Tesla District San Luis Obispo County. Evans, T. and J., San Simeon - San Simeon Phelan Bros., Cambria Cambria Manganese Co. of Cal., 180 Sutter st., S. F Younglove C. A.,' 1122 Broad st., San Luis Obispo Santa Clara County. Day, Morgan M., 58 N. 15th st., San Jose Pennsylvania Mine ....1 Green, Thomas H., R. F. D. 3, Hayward Mates, John D., 163 N. 15th st., San Jose Mineral Products Co., 334 Rialto Bldg., S. P Red Mountain Plattner, J. H., Livermore Red Mountain Wheeler, Harold, Los Molinos Newhall Mine Blackbird Valley Shasta County. Arps Copper Co., R. V. Montgomery, Mgr., 217 Russ Bldg., San Francisco-.. Copper City Sonoma County. Cooper & Collins, Lessee, via Cloverdale Haehl Ranch Manganese Healdsburg Mineral Co., E. A. Marris, Secy., Healdsburg .. L J Matthews. Geo. C., Cloverdale Patton, Charles, Geyserville Shanks, D. W., 1302 Merchants National Bank Bldg., San Francisco Geyserville Woods, J. S., Cloverdale Stanislaus County. Hammond, W. J., & Sons, Patterson Hampton, John, Patterson - Manganese Products Co., J. A. Knox, Mgr., Modesto Mineral Products Co., 334 Rialto Bldg., S. F._ Red Mountain Mitchell, Dave, Vernalis Mitchell Manganese Patton, A. W., Patterson El Puerto Creek Williams, Carl A., Patterson Ingram Canyon Tehama County. Benner, O. S., and Thurston, D. H., Paskenta Rosie & Sophie Mine Hotel & Hewes, Paskenta Trinity County. Asbil, Frank, Alderpoint Xapher Peak Manganese Randolph, B. H., Auto Rest, via Peanut Tulare County. Manganesa Co. of Cal., 180 Sutter St., S. F - Tuolumne County. Ogden, B. A., Knights Ferry Hughes Ranch Manganese 12 CALIFORNIA STATE MINING BUREAU. METALLURGICAL PLANTS. The Noble Electric Steel Company are making Ferro Manganese at their electric furnace in Heroult, Shasta County, at the rate of about one million pounds a month. The Pacific Electro Metals Company (Beckman-Linden Corporation) have completed one unit of their electric furnace plant at Bay Point, and have made a small amount of Perro Manganese in a couple of test runs. They expect to be producing this material on a large scale in the near future, although all work of this character is handicapped at the present time on account of the difficulty of securing electrodes. Beck- man-Linden have built a plant at Bay Point, in which they are manu- facturing electrodes from lamp black which they secure from gas plants. CONCENTRATION OF MANGANESE ORES IN CALIFORNIA. As the search for Manganese ores continues, and as the higher grade deposits become worked out, the question of a successful method of concentrating this material assumes greater importance. As far as the bureau is informed, there is no actual work of this kind being carried on in California, although at least three firms have been carrying on extensive experiments along this line, and it is quite probable that a successful solution of the problem will be made at no late date. Professor E. A. Hersam, University of California, Berkeley, has given this matter considerable attention, and the U. S. Bureau of Mines is also investigating ways and means of meeting the Manganese situation, at its Experiment Station in Minneapolis, Minnesota. MANGANESE CONSUMERS. In the proper development of any industry it is of course necessary not only that the buyer be advised as to the proper source of the material which will meet his requirements, but also that the producer have adequate information regarding the demand for his raw material, specifications which he may be called upon to meet, and consumers with whom he may get in touch by way of offering his product for sale. In the effort to secure authoritative information in this regard, a copy of the following letter was sent to every buyer and consumer of Manganese of the United States whose name was known to this office : Dear Sir: There is now being completed, under my direction, a detailed survey of California's Manganese deposits. At an early date the data thus collected will be issued in printed form. In order to make this report of the utmost possible value to all concerned at this time of national stress, I am planning to include a list of all firms in the United States who are in the market for this MANGANESE AND CHROMIUM. 13 class of material, as well as a list of producers and owners of deposits. If you have no objection to the use of your name in this connection, an early reply will be appreciated, giving as much of the following information relative to the subject in hand as is consistent with your business policies : 1. Principal use to which you put the material. 2. Specifications covering tenor of ore which will meet your requirements. 3. Form of contract which you demand of the producer. 4. Approximate amount of ore you expect to be in the market for. It is believed that the dissemination of information of this char- acter will benefit both the user and the producer, and you are assured that your courtesy in complying with the above request will be sincerely appreciated. (Signed) FLETCHER HAMILTON, State Mineralogist. Very full and satisfactory replies were received from the great majority of buyers to whom this letter was sent, and their cooperation is hereby gratefully acknowledged. The following mentioned consumers do not, of course, make up the total for the industry in the country, and the opportunity to add the names of additional firms in the final report which will be published on this subject, will be greatly appreciated. A cordial invitation is there- fore extended to all companies interested in this business, who have not been in touch with the California State Mining Bureau, to advise the State Mineralogist, Ferry Building, San Francisco, regarding the ques- tions mentioned in the above letter. There follows an alphabetical list of buyers and consumers, with detailed information regarding the requirements of eaoh, as furnished by their representatives. LETTERS FROM MANGANESE CONSUMERS. [NOTE. In the endeavor to revise this publication and place the information con- tained therein at the disposal of the public at the earliest possible moment, it has not been feasible to again communicate with many of the consumers here listed. Tlu- date upon which these letters were written must be taken into consideration. Conditions have changed since the middle of 1917 and statements, especially as to price, undoubt- edly will not hold true at the present time.] American Ever Ready Works: 8th and Brannon Sts., San Francisco, Cal. Aug. 3, 1917. "We use Dioxide Manganese Ore, principally in the manufacture of dry batteries. Manganese Ore must come within the following speci- fications : Minimum 14.72% available oxygen, 80% Mn0 2 , maximum 2% iron oxide, not over trace copper or phosphorus. We have been using some California Manganese as low as 65% MnO.,, but prefer the higher grades. 14 CALIFORNIA STATE MINING BUREAU. With reference to the form of contract which we require, we have no particular forms whatsoever, but require the producer to ship his Manganese to San Francisco, where same will be analyzed by any of the reliable chemists of this city, and if found to be up to specifications which are guaranteed by the producer, we immediately pay the invoice. In regard to the approximate amount of ore we use, this is hard to give you at the present time, as we not only buy for our Pacific Coast factory, but also ship some to our Eastern factories. Our requirements run into the thousands of tons. ' ' The American Metal Company, Limited: 61 Broadway, New York, N. Y. Aug. 16, 1917. ' ' Our position in this commodity is that of a dealer, having imported and handled large tonnages both of furnace Manganese and Peroxide of Manganese. If you would therefore incorporate our name in your list accordingly, we should appreciate it." Bethlehem Steel Company: South Bethlehem, Pa. Aug. 11, 1917. "Question No. 1: The only uses to which we put Manganese are for the manufacture of Spiegel, and of Ferro Manganese. Of course you are aware for the manufacture of Spiegel, a low grade Manganiferous iron ore can be used, and ores carrying from 15% to 30% of Manganese are usable. Questions Nos. 2 and 3: Schedule of prices per ton of 2240 pounds for Domestic or Foreign ores, f . o. b. Philadelphia or Sparrows Point. 49% Metallic Manganese, $1.00 per unit 4G to 49% Metallic Manganese, .98 per unit 43 to 46% Metallic Manganese, .95 per unit 40 to 43% Metallic Manganese, .91 per unit Prices are based on ores containing not more than 8.00% Silica not more than .20% Phosphorus and are subject to deductions as follows : For each 1% in excess of 8% Silica, ther shall be a deduction of 30 cents per ton, fractions in proportion. For each .02%, in excess of .20% Phosphorus, there shall be a deduc- tion of 4 cents per unit of Manganese per ton, fractions in proportion. Ore containing less than 40% Manganese, or more than 12% Silica, or .225 Phosphorus is not acceptable; only purchased at Buyer's option. Settlements are based on analysis of sample dried at 212 degrees Fahrenheit; the percentage of moisture in the sample as taken to be deducted from the weight. MANGANESE AND CHROMIUM. 15 Question No. 4. We have filled our Manganese requirements for 1917 and 1918. We normally use about 100,000 tons of high grade Man- ganese Ore annually, and say 70,000 tons of low grade material. By low grade material, I would mean an ore running less than 35% Mn." Carnegie Steel Company: Pittsburg, Pa. July 31, 1917. "Replying to your letter of July 25, would say the use to which we put Manganese Ore is the manufacture of Ferro Manganese and Spiegel. The remainder of your questions are answered by the following price and specification sheet, the last one issued by us, except as to tonnage. This would be a matter of negotiation between shipper and ourselves, but I can say we are large users of high grade Manganese Ore. We remit in full on receipt of carload and the analysis of the material determined." [NOTE. Under date of January 23, 1918, the Carnegie Steel Company advised a California producer that they had discontinued the distribution of their schedule show- ing prices per unit of domestic manganese ore. The following statement is quoted from the letter mentioned: "At any time you are in a position to make shipments of a trial lot of one to five carloads and will advise us the tonnage, point from which shipment would be made, and analysis in Metallic Manganese, Silica and Phosphorus, which you can safely guarantee your material to contain, naming your lowest price delivered freight prepaid, f. o. b. cars South Chicago, Illinois, the matter will receive proper consideration."] Dana & Company, Inc.: Ill Broadway, New York, N. Y. July 31, 1917. " 1. Our principal use of Manganese Ore is to make Ferro Manganese, although we sell a considerable quantity of Chemical Ore. 2. The specifications of Metallurgical Ore (Ferro Manganese) : 40% Metallic Manganese, 10% maximum Silica, .20% maximum Phosphorus. We prefer higher Metallic Manganese if possible. Chemical Ore: Minimum 75%, preferably minimum 80% Mn0 2 . Maximum 1% Iron, maximum .01% Copper. 3. The form of contract we demand from the producer depends entirely on his reliability. If we do not know him and he can not give us satisfactory guarantees as to his business integrity, responsibility and knowledge of mining, we will only pay on certified analysis of a reputable chemist, attached to B/L. In general, we are willing to make a fair contract with a responsible supplier, paying him 75 to 80% of the value of his material at point of shipment. 4. There is no limit to the tonnage we can use either of Chemical Ore or Metallurgical." The Harshaw, Fuller & Goodwin Co.: Cleveland, Ohio. Aug. 6, 1917. "In answer to your questions would advise as follows: First The Manganese Ore we handle is used principally for the manufacture of dry batteries, although we also supply considerable quantities to glass manufacturers and enamelers. 16 CALIFORNIA STATE MINING BUREAU. Second Prior to the beginning of the Avar, our specifications for Manganese were minimum 85% Manganese Dioxide, maximum 1% Iron, free from Copper. We obtained ore of this description from the Caucasus. Since the war began, we have been unable to obtain ore of the above description, and have used considerable quantities testing a minimum of 80% Mn0 2 , maximum 1.25% Iron, with a slight trace of Copper. The worst feature about California and other western Man- ganese is the Copper and high Iron contents. Third At present we are not making any contracts with producers. Fourth Before the war began we were handling about 10,000 tons of Manganese Ore per year. We now handle perhaps 1,000 tons, most of which has been received from Cuba." E. J. Lavino & Co.: Bullitt Bldg., Philadelphia, Pa. July 31, 1917. "In answer to your first question, as to the use to which we put the material, we beg to advise that while we are the largest independent manufacturers of Ferro Manganese in the United States, we are also ore merchants, and while, generally speaking, the Manganese Ore we buy is used in our own furnaces, it might also happen that we would sell some to other Manganese Ore consumers. Our specifications roughly are as follows : Ore must be of normal physical condition and must contain no objectionable elements, or at least must not contain in any appreciable quantities any objectionable elements such as copper, lead, zinc, barium, etc. Metallic Manganese should run as closely to a minimum of 50% as possible, and no ore under 38% in Manganese would be accepted under usual condition. Silica should be low, averaging as much under 10% as possible, with an outside limit of 13%. Iron should be just as low as possible, the ideal Manganese Ore for our purpose having no iron in it Avhatever; 4% is the outside limit we care to accept. Phosphorus we prefer under .15%, but if necessary can take up to say, .25%. . Alumina should be low, anything over 10% being quite objectionable, especially in conjunction with high silica. It is our custom to impose a penalty on all Silica above 10%, all Iron above 3%, all Phosphorus above .20%. You understand of course, that in certain cases we might make some modifications in our specification, although we consider the limits as given liberal ones, and we are buying large quantities of ore without finding it necessary to make any change. MANGANESE AND CHROMIUM. 17 Question Three, the form of contract which we ask the producer to sign, we have nothing particularly definite in this way. As long as the contract is equitable, and covers all the points agreed to by both parties, we are usually satisfied. One thing on which we do insist, is that final settlement must be based upon sampling and analyzing by Messrs. A. S. McCreath & Son or Messrs. Booth, Garrett & Blair, upon arrival of car at destination. Question Four, the amount of ore we expect to purchase at the present time, we are buying unlimited quantities and will probably continue to do so for some time." A. D. Mackay: 130 Pearl St., New York, N. Y. March 19, 1918. ' ' I am open for offers on industrial and rare minerals, and at present am especially interested in Mangenese Ore assaying not less than 40% Mn, not over .2% Phosphorous, and not over S% Silica. Can market 25,000 tons of this grade. It is very desirable to have average samples and complete analysis of everything offered, together with data as to tonnage available, dates of shipment, prices f. o. b. cars, etc. Samples should be marked plainly for identification inside and outside of package." J. Meyer & Sons: 480 Bourse Bldg., Philadelphia, Pa. Aug. 2, 1917. ' ' The principal use to which we put this material is for manufactur- ing glass. We require an ore running from 78 to 85% MnO ; , with less than 1% of Iron. Regarding a form of contract, which we would demand from the producer, would state that we would require a contract obligating the producer to forward a definite number of cars at specified intervals. Regarding the approximate amount of ore would state that we would go slow at the start, in order to compare this ore, in a practical way, to what we are now using." The Midvale Steel Company: Pittsburg, Pa. Aug. 1, 1917. "Referring to your letter July 25th addressed to our Philadelphia office, we beg to reply to your questions as follows : First Production of Ferro Manganese. Second Desirable to secure ore as high as possible in Manganese and as low as possible in Silica, Iron, Phosphates, etc. Third Form of contract not an important matter. We are usually willing to meet most any reasonable terms. Fourth Our annual requirements are approximately 50,000 tons and we would be very glad to secure the entire quantity in this country, thereby avoiding the importation of any tonnage from Brazil and India." 337417 18 CALIFORNIA STATE MINING BUREAU. Noble Electric Steel Company: 995 Market St., San Francisco, Cal. April 27, 1918. ' ' In response to a request from your representative, we take pleasure in advising you that our specifications for Manganese Ore are as follows : Metallic Manganese from 40% up; Silica not over 20%; Iron not over 5% ; and Phosphorus limited to .225. We penalize Silica above 16% and pay a bonus when Silica is below 8%. We can use certain grades of Manganese Ore with Metallic Manganese contents as low as 36%, if Silica is not more than half of the Metallic Manganese content, Iron not over 10%, and a full analysis does not disclose detrimental contents. We have no particular form of contract, but will quote firm prices for a specific tonnage to responsible people or would consider leasing productive properties on a royalty basis. We consume about 1500 tons of Manganese Ore per month." Rogers, Brown & Company: Cortlandt Bldg., 30 Church St., New York, N. Y. Aug. 3, 1917. ' ' We shall be glad to have you put our name down in your report as dealers in Manganese Ore. We are not ourselves directly in the manu- facturing and smelting end of the business, but act as selling agents for ore producers or as merchants in buying and selling the ore for our own account. Our principal customers are blast furnaces making Ferro and Spiege- leisen, who require ore running as high as possible in Manganese, not less than 46 or 48%; low in Silica not over 9% if possible, low in Iron and low in Phosphorus. As we are not direct consumers, we can not state what amount of ore we expect to be in the market for, but in a general waj can assure you that the consumers in this country can use a great deal more high grade ore than it is possible at present to produce in this country. The domestic production of Ferro Manganese today is in the neigh- borhood of 27,000 to 28,000 tons per month, requiring more than twice that amount of ore in its production. If British Ferro Manganese con- tinues to be interfered with by the submarine situation, domestic con- sumption will call for 800,000 to 1,000,000 tons of Manganese Ore for consumption in this country in 1918, so that you will see there is no difficulty in selling all the possible output of Domestic Manganese Ore, provided it is of good quality. The difficulty is that so much of our Domestic Ore runs very low in Manganese, high in Silica, and the deposits are so pockety and deceptive that there seem to be no proper- ties capable of producing a large and continuous output of high grade MANGANESE AND CHROMIUM. 19 Seaboard Steel & Manganese Corporation, 74 Broadway, New York. Feb. 1, 1918. Quotation on Manganese Ore and Manganiferous Iron Ore. Specifications: The quotations made below are for ore delivered at Temple Furnace, Temple, Pennsylvania, in carload lots, based on a gross ton of 2,240 pounds. The metallic content of ores is to be determined by assay when dried to 212 degrees Fahrenheit, and the amount of moisture to be deducted from the gross weight of ore. Railroad weights are to govern in settlements. Quotations are applicable only to ores of the description given below, which are adapted by physical structure to smelting in a blast furnace, and which are free from elements destruc- tive of their metallurgical value, for the production of commercial Ferro-Mauganese. Quality Manganese Ore. Schedule A 50% Metallic Manganese and over $1.25 per unit, per gross ton Schedule B 48% to 49.99% Metallic Manganese 1.20 per unit, per gross ton Schedule C 4G% to 47.99% Metallic Manganese 1.20 per unit, per gross ton Schedule D 44% to 45.99% Metallic Manganese 1.15 per unit, per gross ton Schedule E 42% to 43.99% Metallic Manganese 1.10 per unit, per gross ton Schedule F 40% to 41.99% Metallic Manganese 1.00 per unit, per gross ton Schedule G 38% to 39.99% Metallic Manganese .90 per unit, per gross ton The above prices are based on ores containing not more than 8% of Silica, not more than .20% of Phosphorus, and not more than 5% of Iron. Quality Manganiferous Iron Ore. Schedule H 35% to 37.99% Metallic Manganese $0.70 per unit, per gross ton Schedule I 32% to 34.99% Metallic Manganese .65 per unit, per gross ton Schedule J 22% to 31.99% Metallic Manganese .60 per unit, per gross ton Schedule K 10% to 21.99% Metallic Manganese .60 per unit, per gross ton Schedule L 5% to 9.99% Metallic Manganese __ per unit, per gross ton The above prices are based on ores containing not more than 8% of Silica, and not more than .20% of Phosphorus. Penalties: A deduction of 50 cents per gross ton will be made for each 1% of Silica above 8%. A deduction of 2 cents per unit of Manganese per gross ton will be made for each .02%, or fraction thereof, of Phosphorus above .20%. A deduction will also be made on all ores received under Schedules A, B, C, D, E, F or G of 50 cents per gross ton for each 1% of Iron above 5%. Premiums : A premium of 50 cents per gross ton will be added for each 1% of Silica below 8% on all ores assaying not less than 38% Metallic Manganese. On Schedules J, K and L an allowance of 8 cents for each 1% of Iron per gross ton. will be added. Rejection: Ore containing more than 12% Silica, more than .25% Phosphorus, or, under Schedules A. B. C, D, E, F and G. more than 8% Iron, is subject to acceptance or rejection at the option of the buyer. 20 CALIFORNIA STATE MINING BUREAU. Assays: In case of a dispute as to the assay, the buyer 5s to have the shipment or shipments sampled and assayed by Messrs. A. S. McCreath & Son, or by Messrs. Booth, Garrett & Blair, whose determination is to be accepted as final by both seller and buyer; the cost of such assay to be borne equally by both parties. Settlement: Full settlement will be made by check every Monday morning for all shipments received at the furnace and assayed, not already paid for, up to the close of business the preceding Saturday. On request an advance of 50% of the estimated value of any shipment will be made immediately on receipt at our New York office of draft accompanied by original bill of lading and certificate of analysis of responsible chemist. Shipping Directions : Ore is to be consigned to the Seaboard Steel and Manganese Corporation, Temple Furnace, Temple, Pa. ; the original bill of lading is to be sent to The Seaboard Steel and Manganese Corporation, 74 Broadway, New York, N. Y., and a copy to Temple Furnace, Temple, Pa. Unless expressly agreed to the contrary, ore is to be loaded in drop-bottom gondolas, or hopper cars. All shipments are to be billed for Philadelphia and Reading delivery. All quotations are for immediate acceptance, unless otherwise stated. PURCHASERS OF MANGANESE AND MANGANIFEROUS ORES OCTOBER 1, 1917. In addition to the foregoing purchasers of manganese, the following list of firms has been sent out by the U. S. Geological Survey, Wash- ington, D. C., and are included herewith with the idea in view of further broadening the scope of this report. a Purchase manganese ore with 40 per cent or more manganese and less than 2 per cent iron, b Purchase manganese ore with 40 per cent or more manganese and 2 per cent or more iron, c Purchase manganiferous ore with 15 to 40 per cent manganese. e Alan Wood Iron & Steel Co., Philadelphia, Pa. c Algoma Steel Corp., Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario, Canada. c Alleghany Ore & Iron Co., Buena Vista and Iron Gate, Va. a American Carbon & Battery Co., East St., Louis, 111. a American Ever Ready Battery Co., Long Island City, N. Y. be American Manganese Mfg. Co., Bullitt Bldg., Philadelphia, Pa. (or Dunbar, Pa.) be American Steel Foundries, McCormick Bldg., Chicago, 111. a Anglo-American Flash Light Co., Pittsburgh, Pa. c James B. Bailey, Pine Forge, Pa. b Beckman & Linden Engineering Corp., Bay Point, Cal. ab Bennett-Brooks, 120 Liberty St., New York, N. Y. ab Berkshire Iron Wks., Bullitt Bldg., Philadelphia, Pa. be Bethlehem Steel Corp., South Bethlehem, Pa. ab Bilrowe Alloys Co., 201 Bernice Bldg., Tacoma, Wash. ab Binney & Smith, 81 Fulton St., New York, N. Y. ab Chas. A. Burdick, E. M., 15 Broad St., New York, N. Y. a.bc C. F. Burgess Laboratories, Madison, Wis. a L. H. Butcher & Co., Marine Bldg.. San Francisco. MANGANESE AND CHROMIUM. 21 abc Cambria Steel Co., Pittsburgh, Pa. ah Carnegie Steel Co., Pittsburgh, Pa. be Central Iron & Coal Co., Holt, Ala. be Charcoal Iron Co., Detroit, Mich. a Charles B. Crystal, New York, N. Y. e Cleveland-Cliffs Iron Co., Cleveland, Ohio. c Colorado Fuel & Iron Co., Pueblo, Colo. ab W. R. Cuthbert (National Paint & Manganese Corp.), Lynchburg, Va. be Delaware River Steel Co., Chester, Pa. abc W. H. Denison, Cushman, Ark. b Electric Reduction Co., Washington, Pa. b Empire Steel & Iron Co., Catasauqua, Pa. b Euller & AVarren Co., Troy, N. Y. ab Robert Gilchrist, 82 Beaver St., New York City. b Goldschmidt Thermit Co., New York, N. Y. a Charles Hardy, 50 Church St., New York, N. Y. a Harshaw, Fuller & Goodwin Co., Electric Bldg., Cleveland, Ohio. a Hazel-Atlas Glass Co., Clarksburg, W. Va. c W. P. Heath & Co., 509 Olive St., St. Louis, Mo. be Hickman, Williams & Co., St. Louis, Mo. ab C. W. Hill Chemical Co., Los Angeles, Cal. ab E. C. Humphrey & Co., Detroit, Mich. a Illinois Pacific Glass Co., San Francisco. ab Illinois Steel Co., 208 South La Salle St., Chicago, 111. a Import Chemical Co., New York, N. Y. be Jones & Laughlip Steel Co., Pittsburgh, Pa. b Juniata Furnace & Foundry Co., 30 West Girard Ave., Philadelphia, Pa. c La Belle Iron Works, Steubenville, Ohio. c La Follette Coal & Iron Co., La Follette, Tenn. be Lackawanna Steel Co., Buffalo, N. Y. a J. S. Lamson & Bros., Inc., 80 Maiden Lane, New York, N. Y. ab E. J. Lavino & Co., Bullitt Bldg., Philadelphia, Pa. a C. W. Leavitt & Co., 30 Church St., New York, N. Y. b Lebanon Blast Furnace Co., Lebanon, Pa. a Levensaler Speir Corp., Monadnock Bldg., San Francisco, Cal. ab David Loeser, 1400 Broadway, New York, N. Y. ab Los Angeles Pressed Brick Co., Los Angeles, Cal. be Low Moor Iron Co. of Va., Lowmoor, Va. b T. L. McCarty, Box 217, Eureka, Utah. c McKeefrey Iron Co., Leetonia, Ohio. a Manhattan Electrician Supply Co., 4147 Morris St., Jersey City, N. J. abc E. E. Marshall, Bullitt Bldg., Philadelphia, Pa. ab The Metalores Corp., 56 Pine St., New York, N. Y. abc Miami Metals Co., Tower Bldg., Chicago, 111. ab Mines & Metals Corp., 77 Broad St., New York, N. Y. c Mississippi Valley Iron Co., 6500 South Broadway, St. Louis, Mo. be National Alloy Co., Philadelphia, Pa. a National Carbon Co., Cleveland, Ohio. abc Noble Electric Steel Co., 995 Market St., San Francisco, Cal. c Northwestern Iron Co., Milwaukee, Wis. t: Nungesser Carbon & Battery Co., Cleveland, Ohio. ab Oaklay Paint Mfg. Co., Los Angeles, Cal. c Old Dominion Pig Iron Corp., Roanoke, Va. b Pacific Coast Steel Co., San Francisco, Cal. abc Pacific Electro Metals Co., Balboa Bldg., San Francisco, Cal. ab Pacific Sewer Pipe Co., Los Angeles, Cal. c Perry Iron Co., Erie, Pa. 22 CALIFORNIA STATE MINING BUREAU. a Pittsburgh Lamp Brass & Glass Co., Pittsburgh, Pa. c Pittsburgh Steel Co., Pittsburgh, Pa. c- Pulaski Iron Co., Pulaski, Va. c Republic Iron & Steel Co., Birmingham, Ala. ab A. P. Rice, Spencer, Ohio. b Ricketson Mineral Paint Wks., Milwaukee, Wis. ab Rogers, Brown & Co., New York, N. Y. bo Frank Samuel, Philadelphia, Pa. c John A. Savage & Co., Duluth, Minn. c Scullin Steel Co., St. Louis, Mo. abc Seaboard Steel & Manganese Corp., 50 East 42d St., New York, N. Y. c Seattle Smelting Co., Van Asselt Station, Seattle, Wash. ab Arthur Seligman, 165 Broadway, New York, N. Y. be Shaffer Engineering Co., Nazareth, Pa. be Sligo Furnace Co., 915 Olive St., St. Louis, Mo. c Sloss-Sheffield Steel & Iron Co., Birmingham, Ala. b C. Soloman, Jr., South San Francisco, Cal. abc Southern Manganese Corp., Anniston, Ala. be Standard Steel Works Co., llth Floor, Morris Bldg., Philadelphia. Pa. ab Oscar Stromberg, Tribune Bldg., New York, N. Y. abc The Suffern Co., Inc., 96 Wall St., New York, N. Y. ab Superior Portland Cment Co., Concrete, Wash. c Tacoma Metals Co., Tacoma, Wash. abc Tennessee Coal, Iron & Railroad Co., Birmingham, Ala. c Thomas Iron Co., Hokendauqua, Pa. c Toledo Furnace Co., Toledo, Ohio. a U. S. Glass Co., Pittsburgh, Pa. be United States Steel Corp., Empire Bldg., New York, N. Y. b Utah Iron & Steel Co., Salt Lake City, Utah. b Vanadium Steel Alloys Co., Latrobe, Pa. ob Western Reduction Co., Portland, Ore. b Wharton Steel Co., Morris Bldg., Philadelphia, Pa. c Wickwire Steel Co., Buffalo, N. Y. c Wisconsin Steel Co., Harvester Bldg., Chicago, 111. c Worth Bros. Co., Widener Bldg., Philadelphia, Pa. MANGANESE AND CHROMIUM. 23 CHAPTER II. CHROMIUM. Ores. Chromite (FeCr 2 4 ) is the principal ore of chromium, called chromic iron. Oxide of chromium and iron. Color, iron black. Streak grayish brown. Submetallic luster. Breaks with a rough unpol- ished surface. Hardness 5.5. Gravity 4.5. Is magnetic in small frag- ments. Imparts to the borax bead a yellowish color when hot, which changes to green when cold. Occurrence. The characteristic occurrence of chromium in California is as the black oxide chromite which usually carries more or less iron and mag- nesium. The ore bodies are usually lenticular or chimney-shaped and occupy openings along fracture planes in peridotite or serpentine. It also occurs along contacts between serpentine and slate or other rock. On account of the continuity of some fractures the ore appears as veins filling them. On account of the persistent association of chromite with serpentine rocks, the areas in which ore may be expected to occur are easily out- lined. One belt follows the Coast Ranges, Avhile another follows the Sierra Nevada Mountains. Up to 1916, California had been the only state in the Union where this ore has been mined on a commercial scale. Uses. Like manganese, chromium owes its present important position in the mineral industry of California to the conditions arising from the war. Most of the chromite used in the United States finds a market on the Atlantic seaboard or in the Middle West. The supply Avas formerly imported from South Africa, Asia Minor, etc. The major consumption of chromite is for use as a refractory lining in furnaces for smelting steel and copper. Lesser amounts go into the manufacture of ferro- chrome for chrome-steel alloys, bichromate of soda and potassium, etc. Price. Previous to the present Avar conditions the bulk of the chrome pro- duced was valued at from $8 to $12 per ton. Quotations at San Francisco March 12, 1918, were 60 to 70^ per unit, based on 34% to 40% Cr 2 3 , maximum 8% Si0 2 , and 90f* to $1.25 for ore over 40% Cr 2 3 . Recent quotations at New York are from $1.50 to $1.75 per unit for ore carrying 45% Cr 2 3 . 24 CALIFORNIA STATE MINING BUREAU. Freight rates. The principal markets for this product are in the vicinity of St. Louis, Chicago, Pittsburgh and New York. The freight rate to the Atlantic seaboard is 67^^ per 100 pound, in 80,000 pound lots for ore valued at $50 per ton or under. Corre- sponding rate to Buffalo is 60^, and to Chicago 55^1. For ore valued from $50 to $100 per ton the rate to the Atlantic sea- board is $19.04 per long ton of 2240 pounds, or 85^ per 100 pounds. Chromium Deposits or Producers. Alameda County. Name and address of owners or operators Name and location of property Clark, J. W., and McDonald, D., Livermore Livermore Newman, S. V., Livermore Newman Chrome Mine Cedar Mountain Olsen, Ole, Livermore Olsen Chrome Mine Amador County. Oourtwright, George, lone -lone Dooley, E. D., Plymouth ----- Mefford, J. E., lone Mefford Chrome Mine Mooney, L.. lone Mountain Springs Chrome Co., lone Wait, A. L., Plymouth Butte County. Agard, W. A. T., 288 Market st., San Francisco. Agard & Stewart. -Big Bar Apperson, V. V., Oroville Clark B C., Yankee Hill Clark Chrome Mine Yankee Hill Davis! A. A.', Oroville - Day, W. S., Oroville Dowden, G. O., Oroville Dreisbach, F. M., 2101 E. 12th St., Oakland Zenith Chrome Mining Co Forbestown Holbrook, E. E., 45 Kearney st., San Francisco Oroville Htibbard, John D., 832 Mills Bldg., San Francisco-Lucky John Mine Paradise Lambert, N., Magalia Lambert Chrome Mine Magalia Marchant, John, Pentz, via Oroville Curtis Bros. Chrome Mine Pentz Nash, E. H., and Vandercook, A. E., 214 First National Bank Bldg., Oakland Western Ore Co Noyes, A. H., 103 Lick Bldg., San Francisco Noyes Chrome Mine Rohrer, O. C., Pulca Sheldon, George E., 302 Key Route Bldg., Oakland Sterling City Simmons, D. S., Yankee Hill Simmons Chrome Mine Yankee Hill Stokes, L. R., Yankee Hill. Stokes Chrome Mine Yankee Hill Swayne, R. H., 430 Sansome st., San Francisco Swayne Lumber Co Oroville Wells, John, Yankee Hill Wells Chrome Mine Yankee Hill Calaveras County. Davis, John, Copperopolis Dean, S. P., Felix __Dean Chrome Mine Felix Jens, John O., Belmont Milton Madrid, John, Angels .True Blue Mine Angels Camp McAflee, Mr. , Valley Springs Vogelsang Chrome Mine Valley Springs McFall, J. H., Angels Angels Osburn, S. P., Altaville Altaville Peri, Frank, Copperopolis Perley, A. O., Fosteria Vogelsang & Ellingwood, North Branch Vogelsang Chrome Deposit North Branch Ward, George, Fosteria Colusa County. Rathburn, J. P., College City MANGANESE AND CHROMIUM. 25 Del Norte County. Name and address of owners or operators Name and location of property American Exploration and Contracting Co., Grants Pass., Ore. Tyson Chrome Mines-. Barton, George S., Grants Pass, Ore .Barton Chrome Leases Boutz, M. M., Crescent City Gravlin, C. W., Grants Pass, Ore- Cold Spring Chrome Mine Hawkins, William, Low Divide, via Crescent City - Lindley, Jacob, Receiver, Tyson Bldg., Baltimore, Md. Tyson Mining Co Maltby, C. S., 1304 Humboldt Bank Bldg., S. F Moore, Ad., Korbel Moore-Gastman Chrome Group Rattlesnake Mountain Rowen, R. J., Grants Pass, Ore. Gordon Mountains Sowers, H. F., Smith River Somers Copper Mining Co El Dorado County. Austin, H. C., 56 Bacon Bldg., Oakland Georgetown Bonetti Bros., Latrobe Bonetti Chrome Mine Brandon, Guy, Latrobe . Brandon, Madison, Latrobe Brandon Chrome Mine Bryant, Cullen, Latrobe Chaix, S., Latrobe Dodson, R. L., Latrobe Evanis, John C., Clarksville Fleishbein, L., and Kinney, L., Mormon House, via Polsom Green, W. C., Georgetown _ Gurney, F., Mgr., box 131, Folsom Mormon Island Mundrini, Michael, Latrobe Murphy, P. B., Latrobe Noble Electric Steel Co., E. E. Mead, Secy., 995 Market st., San Francisco Bear Mountain Folsom O'Brien, James, Latrobe Ogle, E. O. and W. H., Volcanoville, via George- town Pfeifler, William, Latrobe " ""_ Pilliken, George, Folsom... Pilliken Chrome Deposit Placer Chrome Co., F. E. Reanier, Supt., Newcastle Rattlesnake Bar, Newcastle Wiley, D. E., Folsom Fresno County. Alexander, F. A., 445 Ellis St., San Francisco ..Wall Valley Carson. Frank, Visalia , Curran, W. E., Sanger DeMasters, S. D., Star Route, Sanger DsMasters Chrome Mine Pine Flats Doyle, H. S., Hotel Fresno, Fresno Watts Valley and Piedra Johnston, W. J., Bank of San Jose Bldg., San Jose. Johnston Chrome Mine Piedra Kahn, Albert, 15 California St., San Francisco Levensaler-Speir Co., Monadnock Bldg., S. F . Magnesite Mining Co., Coalinga White Creek Chrome Mine McBride, C. E., Sanger Moore, Vincent, Star Route, Sanger Payne, L. R., Academy Rhodes, L. H., Coalinga Riffe, John, King River, via Sanger __ Crisle-Riffe Chrome Mine Piedra Sanger Mining Co., John Crisle, Mgr.- Hog Mountain, via Sanger Siebert, John, Star Route, Sanger _._ Snow, C. S., Academy Snow Chrome Mine Snyder, R, F., Piedra, via Sanger Ten-ill, William, Trimmer Trimmer Vance, Homer, Star Route, Sanger Vance Chrome Mine Pine Flats Wellman, Scott I., 4603 Finley ave., Los Angeles Chrome Mine Piedra Woods, George, Star Route, Sanger Woods, McGirr & Sherman Pine Flat Glenn County. Burrows, I. A., Newville Nswville Huffard, J. B., Kohl Bldg., San Francisco California Chrome Co Chromeville Luce, Alonzo, 333 N. Butte St., Willows. Millsap, O. H., Newville 26 CALIFORNIA STATE MINING BUREAU. Inyo County. Name and address of owners or operators Name and location of property Roeper, J. O., Independence. Independence Graphite Mir.e Kearsarge Lake County. Fuqua, T. P., and Bell; R, E., Lower Lake Chrome Mine Morgan Valley Harp, George E., Corcoran ..Harp & Sons.. Smith, G. B., Lower Lake. Morgan Valley Tucker, Henry, Oalistoga Mendocino County. Asbil, Prank, Aider-point Red Mountain Graham, W. S., R. P. D. 1, box 70, Ukiah Guthrie, Alex, and Root, Mrs. P. M., Alderpoint Guthrie Root Chrome Group.-.Red Mountain Monterey County. Wear, E. T., Jolon. Nap a County. Biggs, H. C., 2718 California St., San Francisco .Etna Springs Chase, H. B., Jr., 412 Mechanics Inst. Bldg., S. P Gill, Charles D.. Campbell .Etna Springs Neill, Thomas, Pope Valley Knoxville Nichelini, A., Chiles Whit? Cape Mine Chiles Valley Sawyer Tanning Co., Grant ave., Napa Nevada County. Bechtold, Charles, Washington Hoeft, Miss Eleanor, Nevada City Hothersall, George J., Nevada City Maguire, William, Lowell Hill, via Dutch Plat or Nevada City _ Moscatelli, B., box 309. Nevada City Washington Moscatelli, Peter, and Kohler, H., Washington Netz, Ludwig, Knowles Nevada County Chrome Co., P. S. Morgan, Mgr., Nevada City Oustomah Mill Niles, Walter, Washington Olsen Bros., Washington Raab, Pred, Washington . - Scott, George, Washington Shroeder, H., and Thompson, E. H., Grass Valley Sweet, John, Wolf Sweet Ranch Wolf Thompson, H., Wolf Williamson Bros. & Cole, Washington Red Ledge Mine ..--Washington Placer County. Garrison, E. A., Forest Hill Spanish Mines Consolidated Linder, R. E., and Hodges, J. R., Alta .'. McNear, P. W., Auburn - Meyer, Fred, Weimar .Meyer Chrome Mine Weimar Scott, George, Washington Gorge Station Sullivan, Daniel, Dutch Flat _ Turner, R. Chester, Grass Valley Turner Chrome Mine Iowa Hill Turner, R. L., Colfax.. Walsh, Guy, Auburn Wellman, S. I., Hibernian Bldg., Los Angeles Williamson, O. S., and Beck, O., Iowa Hill Willis, D. E., Lincoln.... Plumas County. Altschuler, Samuel, 251 Montgomery St., S. P Baldwin, W. T., Telephone Bldg., Oroville Diske, Ernest, Gibsonville, via Quincy Whiskey Diggings Chrome Gibsonville Hall, George, Greenville Gold Stripe Mine McCarty, Thomas, Quincy - Quincy Son Benito County. Aurora Mining Co., via Idrla : Valdez Bros., via Idria Valdez Bros. Chrome Mine MANGANESE AND CHROMIUM. 27 Saw Luis Obispo County. Name and address of owners or operators Name and location of property Arata, P. A. H., San Luis Obispo - Dibblee & Arata California Chrome Co., Kohl Bldg., San Francisco Taucher, J. A., Oakland - Hollister, W. M., and Pierce, W., San Luis Obispo Norcross, D. C., 430 California st., San Franelsco--Lop?z Chrome Group Chorro District Parkhurst, Herbert N., 110 20th st., Pacific Grove Pierce & Benadom, Morro Pierce & Benadom Group Cayucos Trinidad Mining Co., 214 Front St., San Francisco - Union Chrome Co.. 180 Sutter St., San Francisco Van Ness, L. E., Atascadero Waters, Charles. San Luis Obispo Williams, Joe, Cambria Santa Barbara County. Boeseke, O. W., Santa Barbara Santa C7ara County. Ferbrache, J. A., GHroy Holbrook, C. H., and McGuIre, W. L., Crocker Bldg., San Francisco Jens. John C., Belmont . Coyote Kilday, M. J., Los Gatos Plattner, J. H.. Livermore Red Mountain Springer, , Livermore Mocho Shasta County. Alexander, F. A., Adalr Hotel, 445 Ellis St., S. F Bland, G. R., and Shoemaker, Lamome Bland-Shoemaker Chrome Mine Gibson Davis, J. A., Hazel Creek Sims Hoy, E. K., Dunsmuir Hoy Chromite Group Gibson Hufford, J. B., Kohl Bldg.. San Francisco California Chrome Co Dunsmuir Miles. D. E., 1515 Lafayette St., Alameda Miles & Westover Group Sims Noble Electric Steel Co., 995 Market St., S. F ..Electric Furnace H?roult Solinsky, F. J., 728 New Call Bldg., San Francisco. Siskiyou County. Bingham, Alonzo, Callahan JCallahan Coggins, Arthur L., Dunsmuir Coggins Chrome Mine ... Collier, B. K., Dunsmuir Cory, C. H., and Sexton, Rex, Callahan Sugar Creek Chrome Mine Sugar Creek Doolittle. E. B., Happy Camp Schular & Doolittle Dougherty. O. F., Porterville Geo. Dexter Chrome Mine Montague Dwyer, J. F., Treka _. Yreka Flederman, R. and A. G., Treka Flederman Chrome Leases Florlan and Le May, Charles, box 454, Yreka -Le May Chrome Mine. ._ Grienhorn Grant, J. M., Etna Mills Ladd, J. A., Gottvill? Latchem, E. O., Gazelle .Grouse Creek Mine Gazelle Martin, H., and MeKean, S., Callahan ..Martin, McKean Chrome Mine Masterson. T. F. and A. C., Callahan Masterson Bros. McBride, Geo., and Masterson, G. J., Callahan McBride Chrome Mine Callahan Musgrave, Henry, Yreka Musgrave Chrome Mine Yreka Nunes, Joseph, et al., Yreka .Nunes Chrome Mine Patterson, James. Callahan Strickland, Chester, Callahan Tracy Bros., Callahan Union Chrome Co., 180 Sutter st., San Francisco Welker, Andrew, Callahan Welker, O. J., Callahan __ Sonoma County. Bawman, B. C., Lessee, Cazadero Parmeter Ranch Mine Cazadero Bergman, C. J., Chronicle Bldg., San Francisco Bones, W. H.. Occidental Bones Ranch Chrome Dolbear, S. H., 1411 Merchants National Bank Bldg., San Francisco Camp Meeker Dotta, Mrs. L. H. and Sons, Healdsburg Elzey, Ray H., Lessee, Santa Rosa .Riley Ranch Chrome Deposit-.Skaggs Springs Fritz, L. W., Pine Flat Madeira, Geo., Sr., R, F. D. 2, Healdsburg Madeira Mine Guerneville Marris, E. A., Secretary, Healdsburg Healdsburg Mineral Co 28 CALIFORNIA STATE MINING BUREAU. Stanislaus County. Name and address of owners or operators Name and location of property Butcher, L. H., & Co., 356 Pine st., San Francisco ^ Patterson Chrome Concentrating Co., W. R, Stuck, Mgr., Patterson 'Patterson Hampton, John, & Son, Patterson El Puerto Creek Holbrook, C. H., and McGuire, W. L., Crocker Bldg., San Francisco Mineral Products Co., Robt. Anderson, Gen. Mgr., 334 Rialto Bldg., San Francisco ^ Red Mountain Tehama County. Carpey, Chas., and Brown, J., Lessee, 268 Market st., San Francisco Tecloc Mining Co Folger, A. J., Holbert, C. M., et al., Beegum Bee Gum Mining Co Beegum Kleinsorge, W. E., 605 Peoples Bank Bldg., Sacra- mento Kleinsorge Mine 30 miles S.W. of Red Bluff Noble Electric Steel Co., 995 Market st., S. F ..Lowry Mine Lowry Tedoc Chrome Co., via Red Bluff Trinity County. Neeley Bros., 70 Fremont St., San Francisco.. Crow Creek Chrome Group Crow Creek Tulare County. Gin, Fred, Exeter j Lindsay Konrich, Sam, Lessee, Porterville Vaughn Mine _ Phillips, W. B., PorterviHe Vaughn, D. A., Estate, Porterville Vaughn Mine ._ Tuolumne County. Atherton, F., Jamestown Atkins, Kroll & Co., Insurance Bldg., S. F Tuolumne Beckwith, Robt., Jamestown Booker, Powell & Porter, Chinese Camp Powell et al. Chrome Mine Chinese Cory, W. C., Jamestown - Egling & Minners, Chinese Camp Egling & Williams, Chinese Camp Egling-Williams Chrome Mine Chinese Gillis, Charles, Tuttletown Gillis Chrome Mine Tuttletown Kahl, Joseph, Jamestown Locklant, William, Jamestown Jamestown Mackey, Peter, Jamestown Maekeys Ranch Mines Marianno, J. P., box 6, Chinese Camp McCormick Cattle Co., Sonora Null. John, Chinese Camp Ogden, B. A., Lessee, Knights Ferry Mackey Ranch Chrome Jamestown Pereira, William M., Jamestown Pericone, Henry, Chinese Camp , -.Chinese Camp Preston Estate, Jamestown Quigg, Charles, Chinese Camp. Quigg Chrome Mine Chinese Quigg, Charles, Lessee, Jamestown Kahl Chrome Mine Rawhide Richards, George A., Oakdale Rushing, R. H., Jamestown Rushing & Lyons Schoettgen, F. J., Columbia Sims, Henry, Chinese Camp Sims Chrome Deposit Chinese Staten, George, Jamestown. Swearer, A., Jamestown Terry, C. W., Sonora Terry-Ssll Chrome Mine MANGANESE AND CHROMIUM. 29 CONCENTRATION OF CHROME ORES. Deposits of high grade chromite are undoubtedly being worked out to a considerable extent in this state, but during the past few months a great deal of attention has been given to the concentration of lower grade chrome ores. This phase of the industry has already passed the experimental stage, and the following notes will indicate the progress which has been made in this regard : BUTTE. Western Ore Co., six miles east of Paradise. A. E. Vandercook and E. H. Nash, First National Bank Bldg., Oakland, Cal. Data secured March 22, 1918. Plant being completed which will consist of a I-.-,- inch grizzly, 6 by 8 inch Dodge crusher, 5 foot Huntington mill, which will be equipped with 20-mesh screens, classifier, the sands to be treated on a No. 4 Deister concentrator, and the slimes on a Johnson vanner. Capacity of plant will be from 30 to 50 tons per 24 hours, and power obtained from a 20 h.p. distillate engine. The ore to be treated assays from 10 to 35 per cent chromic oxide, and the final concentrate will average not less than 45 per cent Cr 3 . CALAVERAS. Holbrook & Maguire (Dean property), 8 miles southeast of Copperopolis. Office, 1002 Crocker Bldg., San Francisco. Data secured April 30, 1918. Plant being completed which consists of a grizzly, crusher, small ball mill and classifier, the subsequent sands and slimes being treated on separate suitable tables, the middlings being returned to -the ball mill for retreatment. The ore to be milled will average less than 30% Chromic Oxide, and much of it runs as high as 25% Silica. It is expected to produce a concentrate running from 48% to 50% Chromic Oxide. Gasoline power is utilized. EL DORADO. Buzzard Mill, situated on Levy-Darington Ranch, four miles from Mormon Island, El Dorado County (near Folsom). Plant visited Feb. 20, 1918. This is an old 5-stamp mill, which has been remodeled as a test plant, an Overstrom concentrator having been installed below the stamps. F. Gurney, Mgr., Box 131, Folsom, Cal. One short trial run has been made, but no definite results yet accomplished. Power derived from two gasoline engines one 30 h.p. and one 7 h.p. Mr. Gurney is making preparation to build a new plant nearby. [On April 30 the Bureau was informed that the firm of Holbrook & Maguire had taken over this plant, and was contemplating the con- 30 CALIFORNIA STATE MINING BUREAU. struction at an early date of a 60-ton mill, similar to the plant at Copperopolis.] L. H. Butcher and Company. Mill situated in the town of Folsom. Office, Marine Bldg., San Francisco. Data secured May 7, 1918. The mill is a Standard ball mill of 50 to 60 tons capacity, Wilfiey concentrators and electric power. A large ore bin has been installed which will hold 250 tons, at the bottom of which is a 14-inch roller Hendy crusher. After going through the crusher the ore will be ele- vated to the smaller mill bin, and from there through the mill. The company will probably be in a position to buy any ore that may be offered short of the commercial grade where the local freight rate will permit of its being shipped to Folsom. It is expected to produce from 12 to 15 tons of concentrates per day. Noble Electric Steel Co., 995 Market St., San Francisco. Plant situated in the Xigger Hill District, about 12 miles northeast of Folsom. Data secured April 26, 1918. Equipment consists of a Hendy jaw crusher, Allis ball mill, three Wilfrey concentrating tables. Power is derived from a 40 h.p. gasoline engine. Placer Chrome Concentrating Company, Rattlesnake Bar, El Dorado County. F. E. Reanier, Superintendent; C. A. Doane, Assistant Superintendent, both of Newcastle, Cal. Plant visited Feb. 21, 1918. Placer Chrome Concentrating Co. mill, near Rattlesnake Bar, El Dorado Co., Cal. (Photo by C. A. Waring.) MANGANESE AND CHROMIUM. 31 The mill of the Placer Chrome Concentrating Company is located one quarter mile south of Rattlesnake Bridge in El Dorado County, and eight miles southeast of Newcastle, Placer County. Ore is trucked a mile and a quarter from a bin at the foot of the mine tramway. Equip- ment consists of a 4'x 6' grizzly, 8"x 12" Blake crusher, 12"x 18" rolls, Hendy self-feeder, 4'x 5' ball mill, 2 Deister-Overstrom concentrators and 1 Deister-Simplex sand concentrator. The mill and crusher are operated by a 20 h.p. Fairbanks Morse distillate engine, while the tables and generator for lights are driven by a 4 h.p. distillate engine. A 6 h.p. engine pumps water from the Middle Fork of the American River. Forty tons of 25% to 30% ore were recently put through the mill in 24 hours, with the tailings assaying less than 3 per cent chromic oxide. Plant will be enlarged as soon as weather permits. NEVADA. Nevada County Chrome Co., Nevada City, operating the Oustomah Mill. F. S. Morgan, Manager. E. E. Leichter, Mill Superintendent. Plant visited Feb. 22, 1918. The mill consists of ten 1200-lb. stamps with 15-mesh screens, a Hendy classifier, two Johnson belt machines and one Overstrom table. In several test runs which have been made, there has been no difficulty in milling four tons to the stamp. Average value of ore treated 15% Cr 2 3 , and resulting concentrates are said to average 44% chromic oxide and less than 5% silica, with the tailings running less than 2%. The fines and slimes from the classifier are handled on the Johnson belt machines, and the coarse product is delivered to the Overstrom table. A bucket elevator is now being installed which will return the middlings from the Overstrom back to the classifier. It is also planned to make three cuts at the classifier, and treat the middlings by themselves on an Overstrom table. Mr. Morgan states that as soon as the success of this mill is assured he intends to build another near the company's mines at Limekiln, and continue to operate the Oustomah mill as a custom plant for treating local ores. PLACER. F. W. McNear, 5 miles northeast of Auburn. Office, 514 Kohl Bldg., San Francisco, Cal. Data obtained March 19, 1918. Construction just being started on mill which will be equipped with a ball mill of 50 tons capacity, power to be derived from distillate engine. Average grade of ore which will be treated, about 18 to 20% chromic oxide. SAN LUIS OBISPO. California Chrome Co., Castro Mill. San Francisco address, Kohl Bldg. Data obtained March 26, 1918. The erection of the California Chrome Company's Castro milling plant was begun the latter part of November, 1917, and was turned 32 CALIFORNIA STATE MINING BUREAU. MAXGAXE-E AXD CHROMIUM. 33 over to the company, operating to full capacity, by Joshua Hendy Iron Works the first of February, 1918. The mill is located on San Luisito Creek, about nine miles in a north- erly direction from San Luis Obispo in San Luis Obispo County, and is crushing a medium hard low-grade chrome ore, the concentrated chromite from which will be hauled to Gold Tree station, and shipped by rail to Eastern points. The crude ore is delivered to the mill in 14-cubic-feet ore cars and dumped into a 3'x 8' grizzly Avith V openings. The fines going through the grizzly fall directly into the mill feed bin. The coarse is put through a 12"x 16" Dodge crusher, crushing to one inch. The crusher is set above the mill ore bin, and the product falls directly into the bin. which is of 50 tons live load capacity and built with a flat bottom. The power for the crusher is derived from a 12 h. p. Orr and Sembower gas engine burning distillate for fuel. This enables the crusher to be operated as an independent unit and one shift is generally .sufficient to keep the mill bin well supplied with crushed ore. A Challenge feeder is fastened to the ore bin which feeds the crushed ore to a 4'x 3' Hendy ball mill. The ball mill has a scoop feed which dips the ore from an iron lined feed box. The mill revolves at 30 revo- lutions per minute and carries a load of 2000 Ibs. chrome steel balls. The consumption of balls is about ^ pound per ton of ore crushed. The pulp from the mill is discharged over a revolving screen with .05-inch openings, and the oversize is returned by a bucket elevator back to the mill feed box. The ball mill, feeder and elevator are driven by a 20 h. p. Doak gas engine which burns distillate for fuel. The engine develops 21 h. p. at this elevation (1500 ft.) and a clutch pulley on the ball mill pinion shaft enables easy starting of the load. The pulp from the ball mill is delivered by a launder to a two-com- partment launder classifier, from which the coarse and fine sands go to two Overstrom concentrating tables and the slimes to a 6-foot Callow dewatering cone. The thickened slime from the cone is. put over a Deister slimer. Two products, concentrates and middlings, are taken from the Overstrom tables and tailings are run to waste. Power for the concentrating tables and also for a 1|" centrifugal pump, for returning clear water, is derived from a 7 h. p. Hercules gas engine, using distillate- for fuel. The water for the mill is pumped from San Luisito Creek to a 10,000- gal. redwood tank by a 4" "Woodin & Little triplex plunger pump, driven by a 6 h.p. Orr & Sembower gas engine, through a 2" pipe line 700' long. All water from engine-cooling systems, and clear 34 CALIFORNIA STATE MINING BUREAU. water from the dewatering cone and settling boxes, is collected in a sump below the mill and returned by a 1|" Woodin & Little centrifugal pump running submerged, to a 3000-gal. redwood tank, and is used for ball mill feed water. The consumption of water is about 3 tons for each ton of ore ground. Union Chrome Co. Plant located 17 miles northwest of San Luis Obispo. San Francisco office, 180 Sutter St. E. L. Raymond, Secretary. Construction was begun December 10, 1917. Equipment consists of a Chilean type ball mill, equipped with 20-mesh screens, and three Gates concentrating tables. Ore is mined in open cuts, trammed from pit to mill, where it is dumped through a grizzly into the ore bin. Capacity of plant, 75 tons in 24 hours. Ore as mined runs from 19 to 23% chromic oxide, 15 to 18 tons of concentrates, averaging 48^% Cr 2 3 and 2.9% silica, produced daily. Twenty-two men employed. SANTA CRUZ. Seashore Metals Syndicate, 8 miles north of Watsonville (Manresa). D. M. Crist, Mgr. Office address, Watsonville, Cal. Plant visited April 18, 1918. The beach sands are being treated in a magnetic separation plant with a capacity of 125 tons per day. A daily recovery of five tons of chrome concentrates is being made which will averege 48% chromic oxide and less than 1% silica. Magnetite, titanium, gold and platinum are also being recovered, and the company is planning to build a 1000- ton plant in the near future. STANISLAUS. Chrome Concentrating Co., 21 miles west of Patterson. F. E. Harrison, W. R. Stuck, J. T. Carter, owners; main address, Patterson, Cal. San Francisco address, 501 First National Bank Bldg. Plant visited March 8, 1918. Plant consists of one 12" Blake crusher and two 5-ft. Huntington mills, which are equipped with 40-mesh screens, and one homemade hydraulic classifier. At the present time both the sands and slimes are being treated on Overstrom concentrating tables. There has been a considerable slime loss, however, and an immediate change is proposed whereby the slimes will be treated in a Dorr thickener, and then on a slime table of some description. At the present time only one of the above-mentioned Huntington mills is being used, and when driven at a speed of 72 revolutions per minute there has been no difficulty in handling one ton of ore per hour. Power is derived from a 35 h. p. distillate engine. The average value of the material treated is from 15 to 20% chromic oxide, while the final concentrate is held at close to 53% Cr 2 3 . Concentrates are sacked at the mill and shipped over the MANGANESE AND CHROMIUM. 35 narrow- gauge line of the Patterson and Western Railway to Patterson. For shipments bound to the East material is then reloaded and emptied out of the sacks, as the latter cost 25^ each when bought in lots of a thousand. As soon as the new slime plant is installed and the other Huntington mill placed in operation, Mr. Stuck states that the plant will be in a position to do considerable custom work in addition to handling the company 's ores, and he expects to be able to mill approximately 50 tons of ore per day for an indefinite period, as the mines of the Mineral Products Company and various others are located in a convenient distance from his plant. Mr. Stuck was among the first to attempt chrome concentration in California. He carried on some laboratory experiments in Oakland early in 1917, and started actual work at the property near Patterson in July, 1917, which led up to the present mill. TEHAMA. Kleinsorge Chrome Co., 30 miles southwest of Red Bluff. Data obtained Feb. 20, 1918. Concentrating plant ; construction started November, 1917, not yet completed. "W. E. Kleinsorge, owner, Peoples Savings Bank Bldg., Sacramento, Cal. Large tonnage of low grade ore, much of which occurs in magnesite or ' ' magnesium clay. ' ' Plant consists of ten 850-lb. stamps and two Wilfley tables. Water power used. Several cars of high grade chrome have already been shipped from this property, after being trucked to Redding. METALLURGICAL PLANTS. CONTRA COSTA. Pacific Electro Metals Co., Bay Point. (Beckman-Linden Eng. Corp., 593 Market St., San Francisco, Cal.) Plant visited March 6, 1918. This company has erected a 9'x 15' electric furnace, using three elec- trodes, each 17 inches in diameter, requiring from 1000 to 1500 kilowatts for each electrode. The plant has been so constructed that additional units may be easily added as they are required. It is planned to make ferro-manganese and ferro-chrome and silico-manganese at this plant, and while regular production has not yet been established, several experimental runs have been made in which ferro-chrome of the highest quality has been turned out. A fairly low grade of both manganese and chromium ores will be satisfactory for this work. The principal difficulties met with to date have been in obtaining the electrodes. It appears that it is practically impossible to have them shipped from the East, and the company has been bending every effort to perfect the 36 CALIFORNIA STATE MINING BUREAU. manufacture of these electrodes from ordinary lamp black which is obtained from any gas plant. Full equipment necessary for this work has been installed, and according to the smelter superintendent the furnace itself will be in full blast at an early date. NAPA. Sawyer Tanning Co., Napa, Cal. Data obtained March 29, 1918. Manufacturers of bi-chromate of soda. Used in tanning, dyeing and other industries. Plant built in 1916 ; has been operated about H years. SHASTA. Noble Electric Steel Co., Heroult, Cal. San Francisco office, 995 Market St. Electric furnace. Manufacturing ferro-chrome and ferro-manganese. In addition to the above, the Bureau is informed that the following parties are planning to erect concentrating plants for the treatment of low-grade chrome ores at an early date. BUTTE. A. A. Davis, Oroville, Cal. John D. Hubbard, Lucky John Mine, Paradise. San Francisco address, 832 Mills Bldg. FRESNO. C. E. McBride, Sanger, Cal. L. R. Payne, Associated Warehouse Co., Fresno, Cal. C. S. Snow, Academy, Cal. SISKIYOU. Eugene C. Belknap, Yreka, Cal. CHROMITE BUYERS AND CONSUMERS. In the effort to get in touch with consumers similar methods were used as those described on page 12 with reference to manganese. All firms known to the Mining Bureau were communicated with, a state- ment relative to the Bureau's aims as to the issuance of the report in hand was given, and information asked covering the requirements of each in the purchase of this ore. Prompt and satisfactory compliance with this request was received almost without exception, and it is with pleasure that the hearty coop- eration thus received is hereby acknowledged. Extracts from letters received follow, which, it is believed, will fur- nish an authoritative and helpful guide to producers and owners of chromite deposits throughout the state. M AXGAXESK AXD CHROMIUM. 37 LETTERS FROM CHROME BUYERS. [NOTE. As mentioned in the chapter on managanese, it has not been possible to again communicate with many of the eastern chromite consumers, and the date of the f9llowing letters must be borne in mind in connection with all statements made, espe- cially as regards price.] American Refractories Company: Joliet, 111. April 26, 1918. (Samuel H. Dolbear, Pacific Coast Representative, Merchants National Bank Bldg., San Francisco, Cal.) Responding to the request of your representative today, I am detail- ing herewith some changes in the chromite market which have taken place since my letter of July 31, 1917. Answering the same questions set forth in your letter of July 24, 1917, would advise as follows : 1. The ore is used in the manufacture of fire brick. '2. \Ve are in the market for ore containing 30% or more Chromic Oxide. Eight per cent Silica is the free limit, a penalty of 25^ per ton being usually attached for each one per cent Silica in excess of 8%, and should the ore carry over 12% Silica it may be rejected at the buyer's option unless prior arrangement has been made to permit a higher Silica content. 3. Xo fixed form of contract is required. We have discontinued our former plan of paying 80% against shipping documents owing to the fact that under present freight conditions a carload of ore may require three or four months for delivery. We now arrange to have each car sampled as it is being loaded, and full settlement is made on the basis of railroad weights and analysis at point of shipment. 4. With regard to the amount of ore required, our consumption of Chrome Ore this year will probably be limited to the amounts permitted by the War Industries Board. I understand that twelve to fifteen thousand tons has been allotted for refractory use, and the portion of this which we will supply is, of course, problematical. Binney & Smith: 81 Fulton St., New York, N. Y. July 30, 1917. Replying to yours of the 24th inst. regarding Chromite, the chief use we have for the material in question is in the manufacture of Chrome colors. Ferro Chromium and refractories. We need about 500 tons of ore of over 50% Cr 2 a and under 3% in Silica annually while the war lasts. We can take all the chrome we can get 38% to 40% Cr 2 O 3 . Electro Metallurgical Company: 42d St. Bldg., New York, N. Y. Aug. 9, 1917. (California Chrome Co., Pacific Coast Representatives, Kohl Bldg., San Francisco, Cal.) (1) Question: Principal use to which we put the material. Answer: In the production of steel. (2) Question : Specifications covering tenor of ore which will meet cur requirements. Answer : High grade. 38 CALIFORNIA STATE MINING BUREAU. (3) Question: Form of contract which we demand of the producer. Answer : No particular form. (4) Question: Approximate amount of ore we expect to be in the market for. Answer : All we can obtain at a reasonable price. [NOTE. On April 9, 1918, the California Chrome Company placed an ad. in the San Francisco Examiner which contained the statement that they "will contract for the balance of this year for chrome ore at a minimum of $1.25 per unit for 38% chromic oxide and upward. Premiums will be paid for early delivery. Advances will be made on good prospects for development work. Settlements in full will be made on inde- pendent chemists' sampling and analysis on receipt of bills of lading and weight certificate."] Foote Mineral Company: 107 N. 19th St., Philadelphia, Pa. Aug. 3, 1917. 1. Principal Uses : Manufacture of Ferro-chrome and bichromate. 2. Specifications: Chemical ore (for manufacture of bichromate) : Cr 2 O 3 minimum 50%, Silica maximum 6%; Metallurgical Ore: O 2 O 3 minimum 40%, Silica maximum 5%, Sulphur maximum .5%, Phos- phorus maximum .2%. 3. Contracts. The ore is generally purchased on the basis of so much per unit of Cr 2 3 present per net ton. For example, ore quoted at 80^ per unit on the basis of a minimum of 50% Cr 2 3 , would be worth $40.00 per net ton f . o. b. Eastern points. Payment is generally made on the basis of 80% against bill of lading with preliminary certificate of sampling and analysis by a Western chemist. Final payment would be made on the basis of Booth, Garrett & Blair's or Ledoux & Co.'s certificate of sampling and analysis after the arrival of the ore in the East. In regard to the fourth question, it is impossible for us to give you any exact information, as our requirements vary from month to month. Goldschmidt Thermit Company: New York City, 120 Broadway. Aug. 24, 1917. 1. The principal use for which we require California Chrome Ore is the making of 60% Carbon-free Ferro Chromium. 2. We prefer the ore to be over 50% Cr 2 3 , less than 1 Si0 2 and only trace of S and P and containing no injurious metals. 3. The contract form which we prefer is one covering all possible points between buyer and seller, such as specifications, delivery, quan- tities, etc., etc., and we prefer to pay 100% on the dry weight after weighing, sampling and analysis by third and independent party whose results are final. 4. We would probably require at least 10 to 20 carloads per year. MANGANESE AND CHROMIUM. 39 Harbison- Walker Refractories Company: Farmers Bank Bldg., Pittsburg, Pa. July 30, 1917. We beg to reply to the questions in your letter of the 24th inst. as follows : 1. Principal use : Brick making. 2. Specifications : Cr,0 3 not under 40%. Si0 2 not over 6%. Fe 2 3 not over 15%. 3. Form of contract: 80% against sight draft with bill of lading and certificate of analysis attached ; balance on determination of quality of ore after arrival. 4. Amount in market for : Can not state. Large user. A. D. Mackay: 130 Pearl St., New York, N. Y. March 19, 1918. I am open for offers on industrial and rare minerals, and at present am especially interested in obtaining chromite which contains 50 per cent Cr 2 3 . Could also use a large tonnage of 40 per cent ore. Complete analysis desirable, especially as regards silica, iron and mag- nesia content. It is very desirable to have average samples of every- thing offered, together with data as to tonnage available, dates of ship- ment, prices f . o. b. cars, etc. Samples should be marked plainly for identification inside and outside of package. Mutual Chemical Co. of America: 55 John St., New York, N. Y. July 30, 1917. 1. The use to which we put Chrome Ore is in the manufacture of Bichromate of Potash and Bichromate of Soda. 2. All we use should analyze a minimum of 48% Chromic Oxide and maximum of 6% Silica. 3. The form of contract depends upon whether it is a buyer's or seller's market. We buy as well as we can, and on the best terms possible, generally delivered at our works, weighed and sampled at time of discharging, and settlement on sampling and analysis of Messrs. Ledoux & Company's laboratory. 4. We believe we are the largest concumers of Chrome Ore in this country. We do not care to state our consumption. The National Electrolytic Co.: Niagara Falls, N. Y. Aug. 17, 1917. Referring to your letter of July 24th, which has been overlooked, we can use 10,000 tons Chrome Ore per annum in the manufacture of Bichromates. We prefer to have ore testing, about 50% Cr 2 3 . Noble Electric Steel Company: 995 Market St., San Francisco, Cal. April 27, 1918. Our specifications are as follows : Chromic Oxide from 38% up, with Silica not over 10%. As we are operating our own properties for Chrome Ore, we are not in the market to purchase ore but will consider taking over productive properties, or good prospects upon a royalty basis. 40 CALIFORNIA STATE MINING BUREAU. Pacific Electro Metals Company: Balboa Bldg., San Francisco, Cal. July 25, 1917. We are in the market for a limited amount of Chrome Ore, for the purpose of manufacturing Ferro Chromium from the same. As to specifications of ore which we would use, beg to state that we would insist on a low Silica content and as high Metallic Chromium content as possible. The form of contract which we would demand of the producer would be one based on guaranteed minimum of Metallic Chromium and maxi- mum Silica. We would most likely be willing to pay some premium for ores better than the quality contracted for. Our demands would be approximately one hundred tons of ore per month. St. Louis Refractories Company: Title Guaranty Bldg., St. Louis, Mo. Aug. 4, 1917. Replying to your recent favor, relative to Chrome, will state that we intend to make some Chrome Brick, but have not an opening for it in our plant just at present, but we do handle Chrome Ore, and are in the market for about 1,000 tons of 34% to 40%. The Sawyer Tanning Company: Napa, Cal. July 28, 1917. Replying to your questions : (1) All Chromite purchased by us is used in the production of Bichromate of Soda in our factory at Napa. (2) We can use Chromite only when containing 47% or more of Chromic Oxide and not over 8% of Silica. (3) We have no particular form of contract with the producers. (4) We expect to be in the market for 2,000 tons of ore yearly. The Sherwin-Williams Co.: 601 Canal Road, N.W., Cleveland, Ohio. March 12, 1918. Our requirements are such that the most satisfactory grade of ore for our use is from 45% to 50% with not more than 5% Silica. We convert the ore into Bichromate of Soda. Price determines the quantity we can use; under the circumstances, it would be difficult to name any exact tonnage in which we would be interested, but we estimate it would be in the neighborhood of 500 or 600 tons a year, possibly 1000 tons. MANGANESE AND CHROMIUM. 41 PUBLICATIONS OF THE CALIFORNIA STATE MINING BUREAU. Publications of this Bureau upon which a price has been affixed will be sent on receipt of the requisite amount. Others will be mailed upon request until the edition is exhausted. Only stamps, coin or money orders will be accepted in payment. Money orders should be made payable to the STATE MINING BUREAU. Personal checks will not be accepted. REPORTS. Asterisk () indicates the publication is out of print. Report I. Henry G. Hanks. 1880. Report II. Henry G. Hanks. 1882. Report III. Henry G. Hanks. 1883. Report IV. Henry G. Hanks. 1884. Report V. Henry G. Hanks. 1885. Report VI. Part 1. Henry G. Hanks. 1886. Report VI. Part 2. Wm. Irelan, Jr. 1886. Report VII. Wm. Irelan, Jr. 1887. Report VIII. Wm. Irelan, Jr. 1888. Report IX. Wm. Irelan, Jr. 1889. Report X. Wm. Irelan, Jr. 1890. Price. Report XL Wm. Irelan, Jr. 1892. (First biennial) _ SI 00 Report XII. J. J. Crawford. 1894. (Second biennial) Report XIII. J. J. Crawford. 1896. (Third biennial) _ Chapters of State Mineralogist's Report, Biennial period, 1913-1914, Fletcher Hamilton: Mines and Mineral Resources of Imperial and San Diego Counties F. J. H. Merrill. 1914 .35 Mines and Mineral Resources, Amador, Calaveras and Tuolumne Counties W. B. Tucker. 1915 .50 Mines and Mineral Resources, Colusa, Glenn, Lake, Marin, Napa, Solano, Sonoma and Yolo Counties Walter W. Bradley. 1915 .50 Mines and Mineral Resources, Del Norte, Humboldt and Mendocino Counties F. L. Lowell. 1915 .25 Mines and Mineral Resources, Fresno, Kern. Kings, Madera, Mariposa, Merced, San Joaquin and Stanislaus Counties Walter W. Bradley, G. C. Brown, F. L. Lowell and R. P. McLaughlin. 1915 .50 Mines and Mineral Resources, SJiasta, Siskiyou and Trinity Counties G. C Brown. 1915 ____ .50 Report XIV. Fletcher Hamilton, 1915, Biennial period, 1913-1914. (The above county chapters combined in a single volume) 2.00 Chapters of State Mineralogist's Report, Biennial Period, 1915-1916, Fletcher Hamilton : Mines and Mineral Resources, Alpine, Inyo and Mono Counties, with geological map Arthur S. Eakle, Emile Huguenin, R. P. McLaughlin, Clarence A. Waring. 1917 1.25 Mines and Mineral Resources, Butte, Lassen, Modoc, Sutter and Tehama Counties W. Burling Tucker, Clarence A. Waring. 1917 Mines and Mineral Resources, El Dorado, Placer, Sacramento and Yuba Counties W. Burling Tucker, Clarence A. Waring. 1917 Mines and Mineral Resources, Los Angeles, Orange and Riverside Counties Frederick J. H. Merrill. 1917 Mines and Mineral Resources, Monterey, San Benito, San Luis Obispp, Santa Barbara and Ventura Counties Walter W. Bradley, Emile Huguenin, C. A. Logan, Clarence A. Waring. 1917 .65 Mines and Mineral Resources, San Bernardino and Tulare Counties H. C. Cloudman, Emile Huguenin, F. J. H. Merrill, W. Burling Tucker. 1917 .65 BULLETINS. Bulletin 1. Desiccated Human Remains. Winslow Anderson. 1888 Bulletin 2. Methods of Mine Timbering. W. H. Storms. 1894 Bulletin 3. Gas and Petroleum Yielding Formations of the Central Valley of California. W. L. Watts. 1894 Bulletin 4. Catalogue of California Fossils (Parts 2, 3, 4 and 5). J. G. Cooper. 1894 Bulletin 5. The Cyanide Process: Its Practical Application and Economical Results. A. Scheidel. 1894 Bulletin 6. California Gold Mill Practices. E. B. Preston. 1895 $0.50 Bulletin 7. Mineral Production of California, by Counties, 1894. Chas. G. Yale. (Tabulated sheet) Bulletin 8. Mineral Production of California, by Counties, 1895. Chas. G. Yale. (Tabulated sheet) Bulletin 9. Mine Drainage, Pumps, etc. Hans C. Behr. 1896 Bulletin 10. A Bibliography Relating to the Geology, Palaeontology, and Mineral Resources of California. A. W. Vogdes. 18961 Mi . Bulletin 11. Oil and Gas Yielding Formations of Los Angeles, Ventura and Santa Barbara Counties. W. L. Watts. 1896 Bulletin 12. Mineral Production of California, by Counties, 1896. Chas. G. Yale. (Tabulated sheet) Bulletin 13. Mineral Production of California, by Counties, 1897. Chas. G. Yale. (Tabulated sheet) 42 CALIFORNIA STATE MINING BUREAU. PUBLICATIONS OF THE CALIFORNIA STATE MINING BUREAU Continued. Asterisk (*) Indicates the publication is out of print. Price. Bulletin 14. Mineral Production of California, by Counties, 1898. Chas. G. Yale. (Tabulated sheet) Bulletin 15. Map of Oil City Oil Fields, Fresno County. J. H. Means Bulletin 16. The Genesis of Petroleum and Asphaltum in California. A. S. Cooper. 1899 Bulletin 17. Mineral Production of California, by Counties, 1899. Chas. G. Yale. (Tabulated sheet) : Bulletin 18. The Mother Lode Region of California. W. H. Storms, 1900 Bulletin 19. Oil and Gas Yielding Formations of California. W. L. Watts. 1900 Bulletin 20. Synopsis of General Report of State Mining Bureau. W. L. Watts. 1900 Bulletin 21. Mineral Production of California, by Counties, 1900. Chas. G. Yale. (Tabulated sheet) Bulletin 22. Mineral Production of California for Fourteen Years. Chas. G. Yale. 1900. (Tabulated sheet) Bulletin. Reconnaissance of the Colorado Desert Mining District. Stephen Bowers. 1901 Bulletin 23. The Copper Resources of California. P. C. DuBois, F. M. Ander- son, J. H. Tibbits, and G. A. Tweedy. 1902 $0.50 Bulletin 24. The Saline Deposits of California. G. E. Bailey. 1902 Bulletin 25. Mineral Production of California, by Counties, 1901. Chas. G. Yale. (Tabulated sheet) Bulletin 26. Mineral Production of California for Fifteen Years. Chas. G. Yale. 1901. (Tabulated sheet) Bulletin 27. The Quicksilver Resources of California. Wm. Forstner. 1903 Bulletin 28. Mineral Production of California, by Counties, 1902. Chas. G. Yale. (Tabulated sheet) Bulletin 29. Mineral Production of California for Sixteen Years. Chas. G. Yale. 1902. (Tabulated sheet) Bulletin 30. A Bibliography of Geology, Palaeontology, and Mineral Resources of California. A. W. Vogdes. 1903 Bulletin 31. Chemical Analyses of California Petroleum. H. N. Cooper. 1903. (Tabulated sheet) Bulletin 32. Production and Use of Petroleum in California. P. W. Prutzman. 1904 .25 Bulletin 33. Mineral Production of California, by Counties, 1903. Chas. G. Yale. (Tabulated sheet) _ Bulletin 34. Mineral Production of California for Seventeen Years. Chas. G. Yale. 1903. (Tabulated sheet) -Bulletin 35. Mines and Minerals of California for 1903. Chas. G. Yale. 1904. (Statistical) Bulletin 36. Gold Dredging in California. J. E. Doolittle. 1905 Bulletin 37. Gems, Jewelers' Materials, and Ornamental Stones of California. George F. Kunz. 1905: First edition (without colored plates) .25 Second edition (with colored plates) Bulletin 38. The Structural and Industrial Materials of California. Wm. Forstner, T. C. Hopkins, C. Naramore, L. H. Eddy. 1906 Bulletin 39. Mineral Production of California, by Counties, 1904. Chas. G. Yale. (Tabulated sheet) Bulletin 40. Mineral Production of California for Eighteen Years. Chas. G. Yale. 1904. (Tabulated sheet) Bulletin 41. Mines and Minerals of California, for 1904 Chas. G. Yale (Statistical) Bulletin 42. Mineral Production of California, by Counties, 1905. Chas. G. Yale. (Tabulated sheet) Bulletin 43. Mineral Production of California for Nineteen Years. Chas. G. Y?le. 1905. (Tabulated sheet) Bulletin 44. Mines and Minerals of California, for 1905. Chas. G. Yale. (Statistical) Bulletin 45. Auriferous Black Sands of California. J. A. Edman. 1907 Bulletin 46. General Index to Publications of the State Mining Bureau. Com- piled by Chas. G. Yale. 1907 .30 Bulletin 47. Mineral Production of California, by Counties, 1906. Chas. G. Yale. (Tabulated sheet) Bulletin 48. Mineral Production of California for Twenty Years. Chas. G. Yale. 1906. (Tabulated sheet) Bulletin 49. Mines and Minerals of California, for 1906. Chas. G. Yale. (Statistical) Bulletin 50. The Copper Resources of California. A. Hausmann, J. Krutt- schnitt, Jr., W. E. Thome, J. A. Edman. 1908 1.00 Bulletin 51. Mineral Production of California, by Counties, 1907. D. H. Walker. (Tabulated sheet) Bulletin 52. Mineral Production of California for Twenty-one Years. D. H. Walker. 1907. (Tabulated sheet) Bulletin 53. Mineral Production of California for 1907, with County Maps D. H. Walker. 1908. (Statistical) Bulletin 54. Mineral Production of California, by Counties, 1908. D. H. Walker. (Tabulated sheet) Bulletin 55. Mineral Production of California for Twenty-two Years. D. H. Walker. 1908. (Tabulated sheet) MANGANESE AND CHROMIUM. 43 PUBLICATIONS OF THE CALIFORNIA STATE MINING BUREAU Continued. Asterisk (*) indicates the publication is out of print. Price. *Bulletin 56. Mineral Production for 1908, County Maps, and Mining Laws of California. D. H. Walker. 1909. (Statistical) Bulletin 57. Gold Dredging in California. W. B. Winston, Charles Janin. 1910 Bulletin 58. Mineral Production of California, by Counties, 1909. D. H. Walker. (Tabulated sheet) Bulletin 59. Mineral Production of California for Twenty-three Years. D. H. Walker. 1909. (Tabulated sheet) Bulletin 60. Mineral Production for 1909, County Maps, and Mining Laws of California. D.H.Walker. 1910. (Statistical) Bulletin 61. Mineral Production of California, by Counties, for 1910. D. H. Walker. (Tabulated sheet) Bulletin 62. Mineral Production of California for Twenty-four Years. D. H. Walker. 1910. (Tabulated sheet) Bulletin 63. Petroleum in Southern California. P. W. Prutzman. 1912 $0.75 Bulletin 64. Mineral Production for 1911. E. S. Boalich, 1912 Bulletin 65. Mineral Production for 1912. E. S. Boalich, 1913 Bulletin 66. Mining Laws, United States and California, 1914 Bulletin 67. Minerals of California. A. S. Eakle. 1914 1.00 Bulletin 68. Mineral Production for 1913. E. S. Boalich. 1914 Bulletin 69. Petroleum Industry of California, with Folio of Maps (18x22 in.) R. P. McLaughlin and C. A. Waring, 1914 2.00 Bulletin 70. Mineral Production for 1914. with Mining Law Appendix. 1915 Bulletin 71. California Mineral Production for 1915, with Mining Law Appen- dix and Maps. Walter W. Bradley, 1916 Bulletin 72. Geologic Formations of California .25 Bulletin 73. First Annual Report of State Oil and Gas Supervisor Bulletin 74. Mineral Production of California, 1916. Walter W. Bradley Bulletin 75. U. S. and California Mining Laws Bulletin 76. Manganese and Chromium in California (in preparation) Bulletin 77. Catalogue of Publications of California State Mining Bureau. E. S. Boalich Bulletin 78. Quicksilver Resources of California. (In preparation) Bulletin 79. Magnesite in California. (In press) Bulletin 80. Tungsten, Molybdenum and Vanadium in California. (In prep- aration) Bulletin 81. Foothill Copper Belt of California. (In preparation) Bulletin 82. Second Annual Report of the Oil and Gas Supervisor, for the fiscal year 1916-1917. (In press) Preliminary Reports. Preliminary Report No. 1. Notes on Damage by Water in California Oil Fields. R. P. McLaughlin Preliminary Report No. 2. (Continuation of No. 1) *Preliminary Report No. 3. Manganese and Chromium. E. S. Boalich. (Second edition) Preliminary Report No. 4. Tungsten, Molybdenum and Vanadium. (In press) Registers of Mines with Maps. Amador County $.25 Butte County .25 Calaveras County El Dorado County Inyo County Kern County Lake County .25 Mariposa County .25 Nevada County Placer County _ Plumas County San Bernardino County San Diego County Santa Barbara County .25 Shasta County Sierra County Siskiyou County Trinity County Tuolumne County Yuba County .25 Register of Oil Wells (with map), Los Angeles City .35 OTHER MAPS. California, Showing Mineral Deposits (50x60 in.) Mounted $1.50 Forest Reserves in California Mounted .50 Unmounted .30 Mineral and Relief Map of California El Dorado County, Showing Boundaries of National Forests .20 Madera County, Showing Boundaries of National Forests .20 Placer County, Showing Boundaries of National Forests .20 44 CALIFORNIA STATE MINING BUREAU. PUBLICATIONS OF THE CALIFORNIA STATE MINING BUREAU Continued. Asterisk (*) indicates the publication is out of print. Price. Shasta County, Showing Boundaries of National Forests .20 Sierra County, Showing Boundaries of National Forests .20 Siskiyou County, Showing Boundaries of National Forests .20 Trinity County, Showing Boundaries of National Forests .45 Tuolumne County, Showing Boundaries of National Forests .20 Mother Lode Region Desert Region of Southern California .10 Minaret District, Madera County .20 Copper Deposits in California .05 Calaveras County .25 Plumas County .25 Tuolumne County .25 Geological Map of California (mounted) 50x60 inches 2.50 DETERMINATION OF MINERAL SAMPLES. Samples (limited to three at one time) of any mineral found in the state may be sent to the Bureau for identification, and the same will be classified free of charge. No samples will be determined if received from points outside the state. It must be understood that no assays, or quantitative determinations will be made. Samples should be in lump form if possible, and marked plainly with name of sender on out- side of package, etc. No samples will be received unless delivery charges are prepaid. A letter should accompany sample, giving locality where mineral was found and the nature of the information desired. INDEX. PAGE Appendix 41 Braunite ., 7 Buyers, Chromium 37-40 Manganese _ 1320 U. S. Geol. Survey List 20 Carbonates of manganese 8 Castro Mill, flow sheet of 32 Chromic iron 23 Chromite 23 Chromium 23 Buyers and consumers, letters from 37-40 Concentration of 29 Deposits 24 Freight rates 24 Occurrence 23 Ores 23 Owners and operators in California 24 Prices 23, 38 Specifications 23, 37-40 Tests for 23 Uses 23 Concentration of Chrome 29, 35 Manganese 12 Contracts demanded of producers of Chrome 37-40 Manganese 13-20 Consumers, letters from Chrome 37-40 Manganese 1320 Deposits of Chromium 24 Manganese 10 Determination of mineral samples 44 Ferro-manganese 8, 9, 12, 20 Flow sheet of Castro Mill, California Chrome Co., San Luis Obispo 32 Form of contracts demanded of producers of Chrome 37-40 Manganese 13-20 Freight rates on Chrome 24 Manganese 9 Illustrations Placer Chrome Concentrating Co., Rattlesnake Bar, El Dorado County 30 Flow sheet of Castro Mill, California Chrome Co., San Luis Obispo, Cal 32 Iron, per cent in manganese ores 9, 13-20 Letter to consumers of manganese and chromium 12 Letters from Chrome buyers 3740 Manganese buyers 13-20 List of publications of State Mining Bureau 41 Manganese 7 Buyers, letters from . 13-20 U. S. Geol. Survey list of purchasers Carbonates of 12 Concentration of ores 12 Consumers, letters from 13-20 Deposits 10 Occurrence Ores 7 Oxides Owners and operators in California 10 Per cent in ores 9, 13-20 Prices 9 Silicates 7, 8 Specifications 9, 13-20 Tests for Uses 8 Manganite 7 Market for Chrome 37-40 Manganese 9, 13-20 Metallurgical plants Chrome Manganese 12 Mill of Placer Chrome Concentrating Co., Rattlesnake Bar, El Dorado County, illustration of Mineral samples, determination of 44 Occurrence of Chrome 23 Manganese 46 INDEX. Ores of PAQI Chrome 23 Manganese 7 Oxides of Chrome 23 Manganese 7 Owners and operators of chrome deposits in California 24 Manganese 12 Penalties on manganese ores (see letters from consumers) 13-20 Percentage in manganese ores of : Cobalt 9 Copper 9 Iron __ 9 13-20 Manganese 9 Nickel 13-20 9 Phosphorus 9 13-20 Silica 9 13-20 Phosphorus per cent in manganese ores _ 9 13-20 Placer Chrome Concentrating Company's Mill, Rattlesnake Bar, El Dorado County, illustration of 30 Prices of Chrome . 23, 38 Manganese 9 (Also see letters from consumers of Chrome 3740 Manganese) 13-20 Producers of Chromium 24 Manganese 10 Properties of Chromite 23 Manganese and ores 7 Psilomelane 7 Publications of State Mining Bureau 41 Purchasers of Chrome 37-40 Manganese 13-20 Pyrolusite 7 Quotations on Chrome 23 Manganese 9, 13-20 Rhodochrosite 8 Rhodonite 8 Royalties on Chrome 37-40 Manganese - 13-20 (See letters from consumers) Samples, determination of 44 Silica per cent in Chrome 37-40 Manganese 9, 13-20 Silicates of manganese 7, 8 Specifications of Chrome 23, 37-40 Manganese 9, 13-20 Tests for Chromium 23 Manganese 7 Uses of Chrome - 23 Manganese U. S. Geol. Survey list of manganese purchasers 20 ValU Chrome ._ 23. 38 Manganese 9. 13-20 Wad - 8 flora _PAMPHLET Bl! ZZ Syracuse, IS Sloekfon. Calif, UC SOUTHERN 000617361 1 .. c.ences Library University of California Riverside 1