Ed/Psych
Lib.
LB
1557
K58
!
I
o !
9
9
3
1
7
7
Southern Branch
of the
University of California
Los Angeles
Form L 1
XSSI
Ubrary
Thi? Hrok is DUE^on the last date stamped below
1'OTTKR &- 1'UTNAM,
*-*i i i i.i.i >i \. .
w. D. KERR;
'i 'i K A 1ST 1 'i t Ii ^ST K' K 1-; T,
New York Cit% .
NORMAL SCHOOL
OUTLINES
OF THE
COMMON SCHOOL AND ADVANCED BRANCHES.
DESIGNED AS
AN AID TO TEACHERS AND PUPILS IN THE METHOD
OF TEACHING AND STUDYING BY TOPICS, AS
PURSUED IN NORMAL SCHOOLS.
[A TREASURY OF FACTS.]
CONTAINING
COMPLETE OUTLINES OF ORTHOGRAPHY, ETYMOLOGY, ELOCUTION, GRAMMAR,
RHETORIC, LOGIC, UNITED STATES HISTORY, GEOGRAPHY, PHYSICAL
GEOGRAPHY, GEOLOGY, BOTANY, ZOOLOGY, PHYSIOLOGY, NAT-
URAL PHILOSOPHY, MENTAL PHILOSOPHY. CHEMISTRY.
GOVERNMENTAL SCIENCE, ARITHMETIC, ALGEBRA,
GEOMETRY, TRIGONOMETRY, ASTRONOMY,
METHODS OF INSTRUCTION, AND THE
SCIENCE OF TEACHING.
BY W. J. KING.
NEW YORK :
W. D. KERR, PUBLISHER.
1888.
, mm
Entered according to the Act of Congress, in the year 1888, by
W. J. KING,
In the Office of the Librarian of Congress at Washington, D.C.
\ 5
PREFACE.
THE author of this little volume, having been actively engaged in
the work of teaching for many years, has felt the need of a text-book
adapted to the school work of all grades, and more particularly re-
quired in the higher grades and normal schools ; a text-book that
would engender habits of thought on the part of pupils and aid them
to develop subjects naturally and logically ; one that would present
at a glance the correct outlines of the subjects and give the leading
principles of the various branches taught in our schools. Such a text-
book the author believes this to be.
While it may not be complete in itself, by a little elucidation of the
subjects on the part of the instructor, and a careful study of the out-
lines and principles on the part of the pupils, a fair knowledge of
each branch may be gained without reference to any other text-book.
More particularly is it calculated to be supplementary to ordinary
text-books. Its classified arrangement of topics and facts saves much
unnecessary labor on the part of pupils.
This volume is offered to the public with the hope that it may be
found essential to both teachers and pupils. Should it create a taste
for scientific investigation and classified knowledge on the part of
scholars the highest aims of the author will be attained.
W. J. KING.
TO TEACHERS AND OTHERS WHO MAY
USE THIS BOOK
THE author wishes to offer a few suggestions with reference to the
manner of using this book.
The book is not designed as a text-book, exclusive of any other,
but rather as a supplementary book to use in connection with any
other text-book. All the facts are here arranged logically, as bases
for lessons topically. To illustrate : In United States History, the
lesson assigned is Discoveries as a general topic. Subdivided, the
first division is by Columbus, then his early life, etc. Allow the pupils
to gather information from any source whatever. They may, in their
investigation, examine several authors upon the same subject, and
thereby increase their knowledge to a greater degree than if simply
following the method of question and answer.
Do not attempt too much : only a few topics at each lesson
thoroughly elaborated, and at the close, or the opening of the lesson,
require the reproduction of the outline by the class, using the
black-board. All the dates given, and principles, should be memo-
t rized, and the principles, whether philosophical or mathematical,
f ) should be rigidly demonstrated and applied to practical problems.
This book, while it conforms to no text-book, will be found to
^ agree with all in the facts and principles given ; hence it can be
successfully used in connection with any series of text-books.
In teaching primary scholars this book will greatly facilitate the
work of the teacher by producing the foundations for oral instruction.
If judiciously used, it will create an interest on the part of pupils
throughout the whole course of study that can be attained in no
other way. The sciences can, by following this plan, be taught to
the youngest pupils. The teacher can also make this book a fruitful
vi TO TEACHERS AND OTHERS.
source of information by using the facts stated for bases of general
remarks. At times when the interest seems to lag, place a topic or
two upon the black-board, and in a very few minutes of elucidation
the school will have been awakened, and the next day will reproduce
the whole subject-matter presented. The author has no hesitancy in
saying, that if teachers will use this book in the manner suggested
they will .accomplish grand results, even in the primary schools.
Those persons who may use the book as a means of acquiring
instruction without the aid of a teacher will find, by carefully studying
the outlines here given, and occasionally referring to any text-book
they may have for the details upon the data contained in this, they
will become familiar with the subjects in a much shorter time than if
they pursued the course generally pursued by students, for a large
amount of matter contained in all text-books, which to a great degree
embarrass the learner, is here omitted. Only facts are stated, and
generalizations are left entirely out.
These facts stand out as finger-boards to guide the seeker after truth
just where he should look, and point out to him just those things for
which he should look in any text-book.
That you may find this book a most valuable help to prosecute
your arduous labors, either as teachers or private students, is the wish
of the author.
W. J. KING.
CONTENTS.
PAGE
Preface iii
Note to teachers v
Contents vii
SECTION I. ORTHOGRAPHY i
SECTION II. ETYMOLOGY 2
SECTION III. ELOCUTION 2
SECTION IV. GRAMMAR:
CHAPTER I. Orthography 4
CHAPTER II. Etymology ' 4
CHAFFER III. Syntax 7
CHAPTER IV. Prosody 8
SECTION V. RHETORIC:
CHAPTER I. Invention 10
CHAPTER II. Style 10
CHAPTER III. Punctuation 1 1
CHAPTER IV. Capitals n
CHAPTER V. Criticism 12
CHAPTER VI. Composition 12
SECTION VI. LOGIC:
CHAPTER I. Of terms 14
CHAPTER II. Propositions 15
CHAPTER III. Syllogisms 16
CHAPTER IV. Fallacies 16
CHAPTER V. Methods 17
SECTION VII. UNITED STATES HISTORY:
CHAPTER I. Early history 18
CHAPTER II. Development of the states 25
CHAPTER III. Miscellaneous events during this epoch 29
CHAPTER IV. Wars of United States '. 31
Vlll CONTENTS.
SECTION VIII. GEOGRAPHY: PAGE
CHAPTER I. Mathematical 41
CHAPTER II. Physical 42
CHAPTER III. Political 43
CHAPTER IV. Local or state geography 46
SECTION IX. PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY:
CHAPTER I. Geology 49
CHAPTER II. Hydrography 50
CHAPTER III. Meteorology 52
CHAPTER IV. Organic life 53
CHAPTER V. Local or state physical geography 54
SECTION X. GEOLOGY :
CHAPTER I. Rocks 56
CHAPTER II. Volcanoes and earthquakes 57
CHAPTER III. Fossil remains 57
SECTION XI. BOTANY:
CHAPTER I. Phenogamous plants 59
CHAPTER II. Cryptogamous plants 62
CHAPTER III. Parts of plants 62
SECTION XII. ZOOLOGY:
CHAPTER I. Invertebrates : 66
CHAPTER II. Vertebrates 67
SECTION XIII. PHYSIOLOGY:
CHAPTER I. Skeleton 71
CHAPTER II. Muscles 72
CHAPTER III. Integument or skin 72
CHAFFER IV. Respiration 73
CHAPTER V. Voice .- 73
CHAPTER VI. Circulation 73
CHAPTER VII. Food 74
CHAPTER VIII. Digestion 75
CHAPTER IX. The nervous system 75
CHAPTER X. Special senses 76
CHAPTER XI. Health and Disease 76
SECTION XIV. NATURAL PHILOSOPHY:
CHAPTER I. Matter 77
CHAPTER II. Mechanics '. 77
CHAPTER III. Pneumatics 81
CHAPTER IV. Pyronomics 81
CHAPTER V. Optics 82
CHAPTER VI. Acoustics 84
CHAPTER VII. Electricity 85
CHAPTER VIII. Magnetism 85
CONTENTS.
IX
PAGE
CHAPTER IX. Astronomy 86
CHAPTER X. Meteorology 87
SECTION XV. MENTAL PHILOSOPHY :
CHAPTER I. Empirical psychology 88
CHAPTER II. Intellect 88
CHAPTER III. Susceptibility 89
CHAPTER IV. The will 89
CHAPTER V. The mind can attain its end 90
SECTION XVI. CHEMISTRY:
CHAPTER I. Liquid and aeriform matter 91
CHAPTER II. Plants 92
CHAPTER III. Solids, etc 93
CHAPTER IV. Elements 94
CHAPTER V. Chemical attraction 95
SECTION XVII. GOVERNMENTAL SCIENCE:
CHAPTER I. Principles of government 96
CHAPTER II. Kinds of government 96
CHAPTER III. State governments 97
CHAPTER IV. Judicial department 99
CHAPTER V, United States government 100
CHAPTER VI. Principles of law 103
SECTION XVIII. ARITHMETIC:
CHAPTER I. Fundamental rules, etc 107
CHAPTER II. Decimal fractions no
CHAPTER III. United States money 1 1 1
CHAPTER IV. Properties of numbers in
CHAPTER V. Fractions 112
CHAPTER VI. Denominate numbers 113
CHAPTER VII. Ratio 117
CHAPTER VIII. Proportion 117
CHAPTER IX. Percentage 117
CHAPTER X. Alligation 120
CHAPTER XI. Progression 120
CHAPTER XII. Involution and evolution 121
CHAPTER XIII. Annuities and mensuration 122
SECTION XIX. ALGEBRA:
CHAPTER I. Definitions, etc 125
CHAPTER II. Entire quantities 126
CHAPTER III. Fractions 128
CHAPTER IV. Equations 129
2
X CONTENTS.
PAGE
CHAPTER V. Powers and roots 1 29
CHAPTER VI. Radicals 130
CHAPTER VII. Quadratics and progression 131
SECTION XX. GEOMETRY:
CHAPTER I. Terms and language 132
CHAPTER II. Of quadrilaterals 133
CHAPTER III. Of polygons 133
CHAPTER IV. Of proportion 134
CHAPTER V. Of squares on lines 134
CHAPTER VI. Of similar triangles 135
CHAPTER VII. Of the circle 135
CHAPTER VIII. Of measurement of angles 135
CHAPTER IX. Of the circumference and area of circles 135
CHAPTER X. Of planes and their angles 136
CHAPTER XI. Of solids 136
CHAPTER XII. Of the pyramid, cylinder, cone, etc 137
CHAPTER XIII. Of spherical geometry 137
CHAPTER XIV. Mensuration 138
SECTION XXI. TRIGONOMETRY 140
SECTION XXII. ASTRONOMY:
CHAPTER I. Definitions, etc 142
CHAPTER II. Planets in their order 143
CHAPTER III. Minor planets, comets, etc 145
SECTION XXIII. METHODS OF INSTRUCTION, OR THE ART OF TEACH-
ING:
CHAPTER I. Language and physical science 147
CHAPTER II. Mathematics and art 150
SECTION XXIV. SCIENCE OF TEACHING, OR SCHOOL MANAGEMENT:
CHAFFER I. School grades, studies, furniture, apparatus, etc 153
CHAPTER II. Organization of school 1 54
CHAPTER III. Employment of school 155
CHAPTER IV. Government of school 157
CHAPTER V. School authorities 159
TREASURY OF FACTS.
SECTION I.
ORTHOGRAPHY.
I. LANGUAGE.
II. ELEMENTARY SOUNDS.
' i. Vocals.
2. Subvocals.
3. Aspirates.
4. Equivalents.
C i. Vowels.
III. LETTERS AND
DIVISIONS.
i. According
to use.
Consonants.
f i. Labials.
2. According \ 2. Linguals.
to genera. 1 3. Dentals.
L. Palatals.
1. Diphthong.
2. Triphthong.
3. Digraph.
1. Mutes.
2. Semivowels.
3. Liquids.
4. Nasals.
5. Sibilants.
( i. Roman.
f .. Capitals. 3 2 ; ^English.
(4. Uses.
2. Script.
3. According
f i. Pica.
to form.
2. Small Pica.
3. Long Primer.
4. Bourgeois.
' I. Ultimate.
3. Small letters. -
5. Brevier.
6. Minion.
2. Penult.
7. Nonpareil.
IV. SYLLABLES. \ 3. Antepenult.
8. Agate.
4. Pre-antepenult.
9. Diamond.
5. Poly-pre-antepenult.
k 10. Pearl.
V ACCENT J ' Primar y-
* T> ) 2. Secondary.
TREASURY OF FACTS.
VI. SPELLING.
VII. FIGURES.
Rules.
Pronunciation.
Diacritical marks.
I. Aphtzresis.
2. Sy tic ope.
3. Apocope.
4. Prosthesis.
5. Paragoge.
6. Tmesis.
1. Macron.
2. Breve.
3. Tilde.
4. Diaeresis.
5. Cedilla.
6. Caret.
SECTION II
ETYMOLOGY.
i. Roots.
I. DERIVATION OF WORDS. \ 2. Prefixes.
3. Suffixes.
i. According to
their use.
II. CLASSIFICATION OF WORDS.
III. SIGNIFICATION OF WORDS.
IV. ANALYSIS OF WORDS.
V. SYNONYMS.
2. According to
their form.
1. Nouns.
2. Pronouns.
3. Verbs.
4. Adjectives.
5. Adverbs.
6. Prepositions.
7. Conjunctions.
8. Interjections.
r i. Simple.
2. Compound.
3. Primitive.
4. Derivative.
SECTION III.
ELOCUTION.
I. ORTHOEPY. I. Articulation.
i. Oral elements.
2. Organs of speech.
. Vocals.
. Subvocals.
. Aspirates.
:r. Lips.
2. Teeth.
3. Tongue.
4. Palate.
ELOCUTION.
2. Syllabication.
I. ORTHOEPY.
1. Monosyllable.
2. Dissyllable.
3. Trisyllable.
4. Polysyllable.
3. Accent.
i. Emphasis.
2. Slur.
3. Inflections.
1 1. Primary.
\2.
II. EXPRESSION.
4. Modulations of voice.
i. Pitch.
2. Force.
3- Quality.
4. Rate.
5. Impersonation.
6. Pauses.
Secondary.
ii. Absolute.
2. Antithetic.
3. Cumulative.
4. Rules.
(i. Rising.
2. Falling.
3. Circumflex.
4. Monotone.
[5. Rules.
" i. High.
2. Medium.
3. Low.
1. Strong.
2. Moderate.
3. Gentle.
4. Subdued.
1. Pure.
2. Orotund.
3. Guttural.
4. Aspirated.
5. Tremulous.
1. Rapid.
2. Moderate.
( 3. Slow.
1. Of the different languages.
2. Of different persons in the same
language.
3. Of old persons.
4. Children and young persons.
1. Comma.
2. Semicolon.
3. Colon.
4. Period.
5. Interrogation.
6. Exclamation.
7. Dash.
8. Parenthesis.
9. Brackets.
10. Suspension.
2. Rules. n. Rhetorical.
i. Kinds.
TREASURY OF FACTS.
I. LETTERS.
SECTION IV.
GRAMMAR.
CHAPTER L ORTHOGRAPHY.
I. Vowels.
2. Consonants.
j i. Diphthongs.
)2. Trif
3. Cabals.
2. Secondary.
IV. DIACRITICAL MARKS (see ante, page i).
V. SPELLING.
VI. FIGURES (see ante, page 2).
Triphthongs.
1. Mutes.
2. Semivowels.
3 . Liquids.
(See ante, page i.)
i.
2. uses. )
4. Small letters (see ante, page i).
II. SYLLABLES (see ante, page i).
III. ACCENT. J ' Primar y-
CHAPTER II. ETYMOLOGY.
I. DERIVATION OF WORDS (see ante, page 2).
i. According to number of syllables
(see ante, page i).
II. CLASSIFICATION OF WORDS.
I. NOUNS.
f i. Classes.
. Properties.
i:
Common.
2. According to form (see ante, page
2).
3. According to use, and i. NOUNS.
1. Collective.
2. Abstract.
3. Verbal.
1. Masculine.
2. Feminine.
3. Common.
4. Neuter.
1. First.
2. Second.
3. Third.
1. Singular.
2. Plural.
Proper.
'i. Gender.
2. Person.
3. Number.
GRAMMAR.
I. NOUNS. '2. Properties. 4. Case.
i. Common.
. TVT^., I 2 - Independent.
'* 3- Absolute-
1 4. Apposition.
5. Predicate.
2. Possessive.
f i . After a verb.
:- I 2. After a preposi-
II. PRONOUNS.
r. Classes.
3. Objec
tive. tion.
[ 3. By apposition
\ i. Simple.
ij 2. Compound.
< i. Simple.
| 2. Compound.
3. Interrogative.
4. Responsive.
5. Adjective.
1. Personal.
2. Relative.
2. Properties.
{i. Distributive.
2. Demonstrative.
3. Indefinite.
14. Reciprocal.
See above.
' i. L (asses. '
2. Defini-
III. ADJEC-
tive.
TIVES.
: i. Positive.
2. Com-
< parison.
2. Com-
parative.
3. Superla-
L tive.
i. Numeral.
i. Classifica-
tion.
IV. VERBS.
1. Gender.
2. Person.
3. Number.
4. Case. J
(i. Common.
2. Proper.
3. Participle.
[4. Compound, f I. Cardinal.
2. Ordinal.
3. Indefinite.
4. Multiplicative.
-PrononH-^; "Sive.
iah '3. Indefinite.
1i. Regular.
3! Re e d g undant.
4. Defective.
1. Partici-
ples.
2. Infini-
tives.
3. With reference 'to the t i. Transitive.,
object. ( 2. Intransitive.
4. With reference tot i. Principal,
each other. \ 2. Auxiliary.
< i. Active.
I 2. -Passive.
{i. Indicative.
2. Potential.
3. Subjunctive.
4. Imperative,
t I. Present.
\ 2. Present perfect.
2. According to t i.
their syntax. ( 2.
Not finite.
Finite.
i. Voice.
.2. Properties. \ 2. Mood.
3. Tense.
6
TREASURY OF FACTS.
IV. VERBS.
2. Properties.
3. Tense.
4. Forms of the tenses
3. Past.
4. Past perfect.
5. Future.
6. Future perfect.
' i. Common.
2. Emphatic.
3. Passive.
4-
3. Synopsis.
1.4. Conjugation.
V. PREPOSITIONS, j J; #?^/ w ^.
1. Of time.
2. Of place.
3. Of degree.
4. Of manner.
5. Of cause.
I. Classes. > 6. Of extent.
7. Of quantity.
8. Of addition.
9. Of exclusion.
10. Of emphasis.
11. Of negation.
To modify.
Progressive.
5. Ancient.
6. Interrogative.
7. Negative.
l i. First.
5. Person. \ 2. Second.
( 3. Third.
6. Number. { J; f^-
{i. Present tense.
2. Past tense.
3. Present participle.
4. Perfect participle.
VI. ADVERBS.
VIL
VIII. INTERJECTIONS.
, . \ i . To modify.
2. Properties. j 2 To .
f i. Positive degree.
3. Forms of comparison. \ 2. Comparative.
( 3. Superlative.
1. Of grief.
2. Of pain.
3. Of joy.
4. Of laughter.
5. Of contempt.
6. Of dislike.
7. Of welcome.
8. Of surprise.
9. Of calling.
10. Of silence.
11. Of direction.
12. Of intensity.
13. Of wonder.
GRAMMAR.
CHAPTER III. SYNTAX.
I. ANALYSIS OF
SENTENCES.
I. Verbal.
2. Phrasal.
3. Clausal.
t i. Principal words.
\ 2. Modifying words.
1. Substantive phrase.
2. Subjective phrase.
3. Objective phrase.
4. Adverbial phrase.
5. Adjective phrase.
6. Prepositional phrase.
7. Simple phrase.
8. Complex phrase.
9. Compound phrase.
1. Independent clause.
2. Substantive clause.
3. Subjective clause.
4. Dependent clause.
5. Adjective clause.
6. Adverbial clause.
7. Subjunctive clause.
8. Objective clause.
9. Simple clause.
10. Complex clause.
A , .
A ^ ect ' ves '
Adverbs.
II. SYNTHESIS
SENTENCES.
OF
I. Elements.
2. Connectives.
3. Modifiers.
III. CLASSES OF
SENTENCES.
1. Simple.
2. Complex.
umpuuiiu uuu
{i. Subject.
" I i. Simple.
/ 2. Compound.
2. Predicate. \ '" Simple.
3. Independent. < 2 ' Com Pund.
i. Conjunctions.
2. Prepositions.
3. Relative pronouns.
4. Responsive pronouns.
5. Conjunctive adverbs.
!i. Adjectives.
2. Possessives.
i. Words.
3. Appositives.
4. Participles.
5. Infinitives.
i. Adjunct.
2. Appositive.
2. Phrases.
3. Participle.
4. Infinitive.
5. Adjective.
'
Si. Relative clause.
3. Clauses. <
2. Appositive clause.
3. Adverbial clause.
4. Conjunctive clause.
. Declarative.
. Interrogative.
. Imperative.
. Exclamatory.
TREASURY OF FACTS.
III. CLASSES OF
SENTENCES.
IV PARSING.
V. FIGURES OF SYNTAX.
{i. As above, also
2. Copulative.
3. Disjunctive.
4. Illative,
i Name words.
2. Name properties.
3. Apply rule.
1. Ellipsis.
2. Aposiopesis.
3. Zeugma.
4. Pleonasm.
5. Enallage.
6. Inversion.
7. Archaism.
8. Mimicry.
CHAPTER IV. PROSODY.
I. VERSIFICATION.
Iambus.
r
Principal \
:2.
3.
Trochee.
Anapest.
'i. Poetic feet. <
1
4-
I.
Dactyl.
Spondee.
I 2.
Secondary. >
r 2.
Pyrrhic.
i
3-
Cassura.
'I.
Monometer.
2.
Dimeter.
3-
Trimeter.
2. Poetic lines.
4-
5-
Tetrameter.
Pentameter.
6.
Hexameter.
7-
Heptameter.
8.
Octometer.
3. Poetic pauses. \ ^
Cassural.
Final.
"I.
Blank verse.
4. Rhymes and
stanzas.
a.
3*
4-
Heroic verse.
Couplet.
Stanza.
5-
Scanning.
I.
In spelling.
2.
In pronunciation.
3-
In choice of words.
. 5. Poetic licence.
4-
5-
In meaning of words.
In idioms.
6,
In syntax.
7-
In figures.
8,
In versification.
GRAMMAR.
II. UTTERANCE.
III. PUNCTUATION.
1. Articulation.
2. Degree of loudness.
3. Degree of rapidity.
4. Inflections.
5. Tones.
6. Emphasis. ( I. Grammatical.
7. Pauses. \ 2. Rhetorical.
1. Period. ( 3. Metrical.
2. Colon.
3. Semicolon.
4. Comma.
5. Interrogation.
6. Exclamation.
7. /)a^.
8. Curves or parenthesis.
9. Brackets.
10. Hyphens.
11. Underscore.
SECTION V.
RHETORIC.
CHAPTER I. INVENTION.
I. SELECTION OF SUBJECT.
II. COLLECTING
MATERIAL.
III. ARRANGEMENT.
1. Manner of obtaining a subject.
2. Qualities of the subject.
3. Its relation to the writer.
4. Its adaptability to the occasion.
5. The statement of the subject.
( i. Observation.
1. Source of material. < 2. Reflection.
2. Rules for reading. ( 3. Reading.
, ,. .. \ i. Ask questions.
3. Rules for reflection, j 2 Ans ^ er questions .
( i. Analytical. ( i. Introduction.
( 2. Synthetical. < 2. Discussion.
( 3. Conclusion.
III. DICTION.
CHAPTER II. STYLE.
I. NECESSITY. / The most exce ii ent f orm O f expression yields the idea
II. OENERAL LAW. j it conta i ns w j t h b ut sma u i oss O f mental power.
" i . Gather good words.
2. Use pure words.
3. Avoid barbarism.
4. Use naturalized words.
5. Form new words.
6. Avoid impropriety.
7. Be precise in the use of words.
1. Should have concord.
2. Should be clear in lan-
guage.
3. Should adhere to unity.
4. Should be forcible.
5. Should possess harmony.
1. Simile.
2. Metaphor.
3. Personification.
4. Allegory.
5. Synecdoche.
IV. SENTENCES
V. PARAGRAPHS.
Is
Simple.
Complex.
Compound.
all
of
which
VI. FIGURES.
Origin of.
Advantage of.
Kinds of.
6. Metonymy.
7. Exclamation.
8. Hyperbole.
RHETORIC.
II
VI. FIGURES.
VII. VARIETY.
Kinds 4
Rules
r of.
for.
9. Apostrophe.
10. Vision.
11. Antithesis.
12. Climax.
13. Epigram.
14. Interrogation.
15. Irony.
By changing diction.
{\ . To express interrogation.
2. To express exclamation.
3. From negative to positive.
4. From direct to indirect.
CHAPTER III. PUNCTUATION.
I. THE NECESSITY FOR.
i. Grammatical.
II. POINTS.
2. Rhetorical.
3. Printer's marks.
1. Comma.
2. Semicolon.
3. Colon.
[4. Period.
1. Interrogation.
2. Exclamation.
3. Dash.
4. Parenthesis.
5. Quotation.
1. Of accent.
2. Apostrophe.
3. Braces.
4. Caret.
5. Cedilla.
6. Brackets.
7. Diaeresis.
8. Ellipsis.
9. Emphasis.
10. Hyphen.
11. Leaders.
12. Leads.
13. Paragraph.
14. Quality marks.
15. Reference marks.
1 6. Section marks.
[ 17. Tilde.
I. KINDS.
CHAPTER IV. CAPITALS.
1. Common.
2. Roman.
3. Italics.
4. Old English.
5. German text.
12
TREASURY OF FACTS.
II. USES. J
1. First Words.
2. Headings.
3. Quoted Titles.
4. Names of Deity.
5. Biblical terms.
6. Proper Names.
7. Derivatives from Proper Names.
8. Titles of office and Honor.
9. Personification.
10. Pronoun I.
11. Interjection O.
CHAPTER V. CRITICISM.
I. THE NECESSITY FOR.
f i. Absolute, including style.
II. THE KINDS OF. \
( 2. Relative, including taste.
1. Quality of taste.
2. Variation of taste.
3. Cultivation of taste.
4. Universality of taste.
5. Catholicity of taste.
6. Pleasures of taste.
CHAPTER VI. COMPOSITION.
I. PROSE.
II. POETRY
i. Didactic.
2. News.
' I. Descriptions.
f i. Purpose of. 3. Business.
2. Narrations.
2. Kinds.
4. Official.
5. Of introduction.
3. Letters.
6. Of friendship.
4. History.
I 7. Notes.
5. Biography.
f. 1 '
Superscription.
6. Novels.
3Partc J ^'
Body.
7. Essays.
. 1 .11 IS. <
1 *^*
Subscription.
8. Reviews.
u
Address.
{i. Deliberative.
2. Judicial.
\
'i. Kinds.
3. Demonstrative.
4. Lectures.
9. Orations. <
2. Qualities.
5. Sermons.
Si. Exordium.
3. Parts.
2. Discussion.
3. Peroration.
SI. The purpose.
{i. Songs.
2. The kinds. <
i. Lyric.
2. Odes.
3. Elegies.
(
2. Epic.
4. Sonnets.
RHETORIC.
II. POETRY. 2. The kinds.
(i. Tragedies.
Dramatic. \ ^
Didactic.
III. VERSIFICATION.
i. Feet.
2. Verse.
.3. Stanzas.
Comedies.
1. Philosophical.
2. Moral.
3. Meditative.
[4. Satires.
1. Spondee.
2. Iambic.
3. Trochee.
4. Dactyl.
5. Anapest.
6. Amphiambus.
1. Monometer.
2. Dimeter.
3. Trimeter.
4. Tetrameter.
5. Pentameter.
6. Hexameter.
7. Heroic.
8. Blank verse.
9. Rhyme.
1. Distich.
2. Triplet.
3. Quatrain.
4. Rhyme-Royal.
5. Ottava Rima.
6. Terza Rima.
7. Sonnet Stanza.
1. Illiterative.
2. Assonatal.
3. Consonatal.
4. Triple.
q. Middle.
SECTION VI.
I. CONCEPTIONS.
II. SUBSTANCE
PROPERTIES.
AND
III. OF THE WHOLE
AND ITS PARTS.
LOGIC.
CHAPTER I. OF TERMS.
1. Their formation.
2. Their object.
3. Their relation.
1. Sphere.
2. Matter.
3. Essentia. ,
4. Genus.
5. Differentia. '
6. Species.
7. Individual.
8. Accidental.
i. Quantity.
2. Division.
1. General.
2. Collective.
1. Logical.
2. Continuous.
3. Discrete.
Physical.
Mathematical.
Logical.
I. Cause.
IV. CAUSE AND EFFECT. -
2.
V. DIFFERENCE AND RESEMBLANCE.
1. Co-ordinate.
2. Disparate.
3. Absolute.
[4. Relative.
1. Absolute cause.
2. Relative cause.
3. Primary.
4. Secondary.
5. Efficient.
6. Occasional.
7. Material.
8. Formal.
9. Final.
10. Negative.
11. Transient.
12. Permanent.
13. Immanent.
1. Immediate.
2. Remote.
3. Direct.
4. Accidental.
1. Similarity.
2. Contrariety.
3. Analogy.
LOGIC.
CHAPTER II. PROPOSITIONS.
I. JUDGMENT.
I. Scope of judgment.
^ Kinds of judgment
1. Categorical.
2. Conditional.
3. Disjunctive.
4. Relative.
5. Hypothetical.
, 6. Probable.
Subject.
Predicate.
II. TERMS OF A PROPOSITION.
Si. Forms.
2. Effects.
3. Classification.
IV. COMPLETENESS OF PROPOSITIONS.
( i. Comprehensive.
V. QUANTITY OF JUDGMENT
2. Intensive.
3. Portensive.
VI. QUALITY OF JUDGMENT, \ \
.
VII. MODALITY OF JUDGMENT. ] 2. Assertive.
Problematical.
VIII. CARDINAL PROPOSITIONS.
IX. DISTRIBUTION OF TERMS.
X. IMMEDIATE INFERENCE.
Apodictical.
1. Universal affirmatives.
2. Universal negatives.
3. Particular affirmatives.
4. Particular negatives.
Universal propositions ; subject.
Negative propositions ; predicate.
1. Opposition of
judgment.
2. Contra-posi- \ i
tion. \ 2
\ i
Contraries.
Sub-contraries.
Extra-position.
Centra-position.
XI. COMPLEX PROPOSITIONS.
\
. Substitution of terms
!i. Expletives.
2. Differential.
3. Exclusive.
4. Conditional.
XII. COMPOUND PROPOSITIONS.
XIII. COMPARATIVE JUDGMENT.
C i. Express.
[2. Implied.
XIV. PROBABLE JUDGMENT
is
1. Copulative.
2. Causal.
. Discretive.
Conditional.
Exceptive.
< _. Exclusive.
1. Simple comparatives.
2. Comparatives of intensity.
v 3. Comparatives of relation.
Favorable.
Unfavorable.
Antecedent.
.*
h
i6
TREASURY OF FACTS.
XV. CONDITIONAL JUDGMENT.
XVI. DISJUNCTIVE.
XVII. AFFIRMATION.
1. Sequence.
2. Complex condition.
3. Compound condition.
Middle excluded.
1. Identity.
2. Contradiction.
1 3. Cause or reason.
[4. Middle excluded.
CHAPTER III. SYLLOGISMS.
I. CLASSIFICATION.
II. PURE CATEGORICAL.
Major premises.
Minor premises.
Conclusion.
1. Categorical.
2. Conditional.
3. Disjunctive.
i i. Of figures.
\ 2. Of mood.
III. INDIRECT CONCLUSION.
IV. CONVERSE OP SVLLOG.SMS. j J| S**2
V. COMPLEX SYLLOGISMS.
VI. COMPOUND SYLLOGISMS.
Inductive.
Cumulative.
1. Pro-syllogisms.
2. Epi-syllogisms.
IX. COMPOUND JUDGMENT IN SYLLOGISMS.
( i. Simple comparatives.
X. COMPARATIVE SYLLOGISMS. < 2. Intensity as a cause.
( 3. Of manner, time, and place.
( i. The sum of all the parts is the whole.
XI. PROBABLE SYLLOGISMS. ? 2. The remainder, with the part taken from
( the whole, is a whole.
XII. CONDITIONAL SYLLOGISMS. ( i. Divisives.
XIII. DISJUNCTIVE SYLLOGISMS. -| 2. Comprehensives.
3. Dilemma.
VII. INCOMPLETE FORMS.
VIII. REDUNDANT SYLLOGISMS.
I. IN FORM.
II. IN MATTER.
III. IN DICTION.
IV. EXTRA LOGICAL.
V. OF COMPOSITION,
VI. OF ACCIDENTS.
CHAPTER IV.-FALLACIES.
1. Equivocation.
2. Amphibolias.
3. Composition.
4. Division.
5. Figures of speech,
f i. Ignoratio.
2. Elenchi.
3. Petitio.
LOGIC.
CHAPTER V. METHODS.
I. ORDER AN ELEMENT IN METHOD, f i. Pleasure.
2. Utility.
3. Good.
4. Beautiful.
5. True.
1. Analytic judgment.
2. Synthetic judgment.
3. Necessary matter.
4. Contingent matter.
5. Conjecture.
6. Hypothesis.
r. By observation.
>%\^X
II. IDEAS IN METHOD.
III. THE MATTER OF METHOD.
IV. METHODS OF
INVESTIGATION.
V. AVERAGE AND EXCLUSION.
VI ANAIVSIS
VI. ANALYSIS. 2 p hysical
VII. INDUCTION AND ANALOGY.
VIII. ELIMINATION.
IX. METHODS
OF PROOF.
1. Formal to find modal.
2. Modal to find formal.
3. Phenomenon to find class.
1. No two simple causes produce the same effect,
and vice-versa.
2. Removal of cause, removes effect.
3. Magnitude of effect, varies with magnitude of
cause.
4. The same cause always produces the same effect.
" i. Eliminate any element in com-
plex antecedent, its consequent
will disappear also.
2. If there is a regular disagree-
ment in several antecedents in
all the elements but one, that
one is considered as the cause
of any unvarying element in the
Laws o f I consequents of the diverse an-
elimination. I tecedents.
Diminish the cause or increase
it, and the effect will also be
increased or diminished.
Remove one phenomenon, and
if the others disappear, the one
removed was the cause, but if
the others remain, it was the
effect.
1. By induction.
2. Concurrence.
1. By demonstration.
2. By deduction.
3. By principles of in-
terpretation.
4. Appeal to facts.
5-
X. REFUTATION.
By progressive approach.
1. Direct refutation.
2. Indirect refutation.
3. Personal refutation.
SECTION VII.
UNITED STATES HISTORY.
CHAPTER I. EARLY HISTORY.
I. DISCOVERIES.
i. By Columbus.
2. By Cabot.
3. By Vespucci.
ii:
II. EXPLORATIONS.
I. By the Spanish,
2. By the French.
1. His early life (born 1436).
2. His seeking aid.
3. His outfit.
4. Incidents of his voyage.
5. The landing.
6. Return.
7. Subsequent voyages.
8. Date of discovery (1492).
9. His death (May 20, 1506).
10. His burial, first, Seville; then,
San Domingo; and last, in 1796,
Havana, Cuba.
Description of voyage.
Places explored (1494).
Date of discovery (1497).
His voyage.
His description of the country.
Name and date (1499).
1. Ponce de Leon (1512).
2. Balboa (1513).
3. Cordova (1517).
4. Grijalva (1518).
5. Cortez (1519).
6. Ayllon (1520).
7. Magellan (1520).
8. Narvaez (1528).
9. De Soto (I539)-
10. Melendez (1565).
n. Espejo (1582).
^ 12. Result of these.
1. Denys (1506).
2. Verrazzani (1524).
3. Cartier (1534).
4. Coligny (1562).
5. De Gourgues (1567).
6. De Monts (1604).
7. Champlain (1608).
8. Jesuit missionaries
9. Result of these
UNITED STATES HISTORY.
II. EXPLORATIONS.
I. By the Spanish.
III. EARLY SETTLE-
MENTS.
2. By the French.
3. By the English.
4. By the Dutch.
IV. DEVELOPMENT OF THE COLONIES :
1. When? (1607).
2. Where? (Jamestown).
3. By whom ? (English).
{i. Domestic.
2. Foreign.
3. By the English.
I. VIRGINIA.-
1. Frobisher (1576).
2. Sir Francis Drake (1579).
3. Humphrey Gilbert (1583).
4. By the Dutch. j **
4. Walter Raleigh ^ (,53^
5. Bartholomew G o s n o 1 d
(1602).
6. London Co. (1606).
7. Plymouth Co. (1606).
8. Result of these.
Henry Hudson (1609).
The result.
West Indies.
2. Isthmus of Panama
(1510).
3. Mexico (1521).
4. St. Augustine (1565).
5. Santa Fe (1582).
6. San Diego (1769).
1. Quebec (1541).
2. South Carolina (1562).
3. Florida (1564).
4. Acadia (1605).
5. Canada (1608).
1. Newfoundland (1583).
2. Rpanoke Island (i 584-85).
3. Virginia (1607).
1. Introduction of tobacco
(1616).
2. Introduction of slaves
(1620).
3. Marriage of Pocahontas
(1613).
i. Navigation Act (1660).
f i. Population.
Agriculture.
3. Commerce.
8. Wars.
4. Manufactures.
William
and
5 . Starving time ( 1 6 1 o) .
6. Character of people.
T. Progress*. \ , William an
5. Education.] Mary College.
6. Science.
7. Art.
8. Invention.
j i. Bacon's Rebellion.
'' (2. ist Indian War.
2O
TREASURY OF FACTS.
I. VIRGINIA.
8. Wars. 3. 2d Indian War.
10. Noted men.
1. When? (1620).
2. Where? (Plymouth).
3. Bywhom?
(English). ( i. Domestic.
4. Their suf-
ferings.
5. Important
events.
II. PLYMOUTH
AND MASSA-
CHUSETTS
BAY COLO-
NY.
1. Cause.
2. Time (1644).
3. Battles.
4. Length (2 years).
5. Commanders.
6. Result.
7. Treaty.
8. Incidents.
(i. First charter.
2. Second charter.
3. Third charter (1612).
4. First colonial assembly (1619).
^5. Written constitution (1621).
1. John Smith.
2. Captain Newport.
3. Lord Delaware.
4. John Rolf.
" I. Religious persecutions.
2. Banishment of W i 1 1-
iams.
3. Banishment of Ann
Hutchison.
4. Banishment of the Qua-
kers.
5. Salem Witchcraft
(1692).
6. Union of the colonies
(1643).
1. Charter revoked by
James II.
2. New charter by Will-
iam.
7. Progress.
.2. Foreign.
6. Character of people.
' i . Agriculture.
2. Commerce.
3. Manufacture.
4. Education (Harvard College)*
5. Science.
6. Art.
7. Invention.
8. Population.
1. Cause.
2. Time (1675).
3. Battles.
4. Commanders
8. Wars. King Phillip's.
5. Result.
6. Treaty.
7. Incidents.
C i. Democracy.
9. Government. < 2. Charter.
( 3. Legislature.
Salem.
10. Other settlements.
Dorchester
UNITED STATES HISTORY
21
II. PLYMOUTH
AND MASSA-
CHUSETTS-!
BAY COLO-
NY.
III. CONNECTICUT.
3. Cambridge.
4. Lynn.
( 5. Roxbury.
1. John Carver.
2. William Bradford.
3. John Endicot.
4. John Winthrop.
5. Sir Edmund Andros.
6. Roger Williams.
7. Rev. J. Harvard.
1. Whenf (1633).
2. Where? (Windsor).
3. By whom? (Dutch).
Si. Connecticut.
2. New Haven.
3. Saybrook.
10. Other settlements.
II. Noted men.
i. Hartford.
2. Windsor.
3. Weath--
ersfield.
tiers.
6. Important}
events - ( 2. Foreign.
i . Domestic, i . Charter oak.
1. Granting of char-
ter by Charles II.
2. Annulling of char-
ter by James II.
Domestic.
, Foreign.
Common
schools.
Colleges.
\l
8. Wars. Pequod.
IV. RHODE ISLANP.
1. Agriculture.
2. Commerce.
3. Manufacturing.
7. Progress. \ 4- Education.
5. Science.
6. Art.
7. Invention.
8. Population.
1. Cause.
2. Time (1637).
3. Battles.
4. Commanders.
5. Length.
6. Result (extermination of
Pequods).
7. Treaty.
9. Government. [8. Incidents.
( i. Rev. Thomas Hooker.
10. Noted men. < 2. Captain John Mason.
( 3. Sir Edmund Andros.
1. Whenf (1636).
2. Where? (Providence).
3. Bywhom? (Roger Williams).
4. Character of people. ( i. Relation to Massachu-
5. Important events. \ setts.
/ 2. Settlement of dispute.
1. Proprietary.
2. Charter.
6. Government. \ 3. Changes.
Constitution.
Assembly.
22
TREASURY OF FACTS.
IV. RHODE ISLAND.
7. Progress.
I. Exports.
V. NEW HAMPSHIRE.
f i. Agriculture.
2. Commerce.
3. Education (Brown University).
4. Science.
5. Art.
6. Invention.
7. Manufacture.
.8. Population.
( i. Roger Williams.
8.. Noted persons. < 2. Ann Hutchison.
( 3. Cotton Mather.
1. When? (1623). [" i. Agriculture.
2. Where? (Dover). 2. Commerce.
3. By whom f 3. Education.
4. Progress. < 4. Science.
5. Art.
6. Invention.
7. Population.
5. Character of settlers. ( i. Charter.
6. Government,
7. Important
events.
VI. NEW
YORK.
Noted men.
1. W>fc? (1614).
2. Where f (Manhattan Island).
3. Bywhomf (Dutch). ( i. Proprietary.
4. Government. \ 2. Charter.
5. Character of people.
{2. Proprietary.
3. Government of Maine.
4. Assembly.
Several proprietors.
Royal province.
Dispute between Me. and Mass.
(i. Ferdinand De Gorges.
2. Capt. John Mason.
3. Sir Edmund Andros.
4'. Duke of Monmouth.
6. Important events.
7. Progress.
3. Assembly.
1. Capture by English.
2. Restoration.
3. Representation granted.
4. Representation prohibited.
5. Uprising of the people.
6. Execution of Leisler and Melborne.
7. Union of the Five Nations.
1. Agriculture. ,
2. Commerce. \ '
3. Manufacture. '
4. Education.
5. Science.
6. Art (printing).
7. Invention.
8. Population.
Exports.
Imports.
8. Noted men.
1. Wouter Van Twiller.
2. Wm. Kieft.
3. Peter Stuyvesant.
4. Duke of York.
5. Sir Edmund Andros.
6. Col. Sloughter.
UNITED STATES HISTORY.
VII. NEW
JERSEY.
1. When? (1664).
2. Where? (Elizabeth).
3. By whom? (English).
. Government.
7. Progress.
8. Noted men.
VIII. PENNSYLVANIA.
f I. Division of colony.
TmAnrtatit 2 - Wm - Penn mana ger of E. and W. Jersey.
. Important \ ^ ast Jersey sold ^ penn
4. Union of colony.
[ 5. Separate governments,
f i. Agriculture. , -r-
2. Commerce. ' f X P?'
\ 3. Population. \ *' Im P orts "
[ 4. Education (Nassau Hall College).
(i. Lord Berkeley.
2. Sir Geo. Cartaret.
3. Philip Cartaret.
4. Wm. Penn.
When? (1682).
Where? (Philadelphia).
By whom ? (William Penn).
(i. Proprietary.
2. Charter.
3. Assembly.
4. Constitution.
1. Treaty with Indians.
2. Penn's return to Eng-
land.
3. Dissensions.
4. New charter.
5. Penn's second visit to
4. Character of people.
5. Government.
6. Important events.
7. Progress.
8. Noted men.
IX. DELAWARE.
X. MARYLAND.
Pennsylvania.
6. Mason and Dixon's
line.
4. Science.
5. Art (Newspapers).
6. Invention.
7. Population.
William Penn.
William Markham.
1. When ? (1638). < > Penn>s sons '
2. Where? (Wilmington).
3. By whom ? (Swedes).
4. Character of people.
5. Progress.
6. Important events. ( I. Proprietary.
7. Government. < 2. Charter.
1. When? (1634). (3. Assembly.
2. Where ? (St. Mary's).
/. *
i:
TREASURY OF FACTS.
X. MARYLAND.
3. By whom ? (Lord Baltimore).
4. Character of the people. C i. Proprietary.
5. Government.
6. Important events.
2. Charter.
3. Assembly.
1. Clayborne's Rebellion.
2. Toleration Act.
3. Disfranchisement of Catho-
lics.
4. Civil War.
5. Second Religious War.
6. Made a Royal Province.
1. Agriculture.
2. Commerce.
3. Science.
4. Art.
5. Education.
6. Invention.
Exports.
Imports.
7. Progress. \ 4. Art. ( i. Common schools.
Public library.
Colleges.
7. Population.
( i. Lord Baltimore.
Noted men. < 2. Leonard Calvert.
( 3. Charles Calvert.
'i. When? (1650).
2. Where? (Albemarle).
3. By whom ? (English).
4. Government.
5. Character of people.
XI. NORTH CAROLINA.
6. Important events.
7. Progress.
1 . Proprietary.
2. Charter.
3. Grand model.
4. Assembly.
Culpepper Revolt.
Indian Massacre.
Division of Colony.
XII. SOUTH CAROLINA.
3. Education.
4. Science.
5. Art.
6. Invention.
7. Population.
( i. Lord Clarendon.
8. Noted men. \ 2. William Sayle.
1. When? (1670). ( 3. Seth Sothel.
2. Where? (Ashley River).
3. By whom? (English). C i. Proprietary.
4. Government. < 2. Charter.
Character of people. ( 3. Assembly.
1. Introduction of slaves
(1682).
2. Rebellion.
3. Cultivation of rice (1694).
4. Expedition to St. Augustine.
5. Expedition against Charles-
ton.
6. Indian War.
7. Made a Royal Province.
5-
6. Important
events.
UNITED STATES HISTORY.
7. Progress.
XII. SOUTH CAROLINA.
t I. Exports.
\ 2. Imports.
XIII. GEORGIA.
(. 8. Noted men.
1. When? (1733)-
2. Where? (Savannah).
3. By whom ? (Oglethorpe).
4. Government.
5. Character of people.
1. Agriculture.
2. Commerce.
3. Education.
4. Science.
5. Art.
6. Population.
{i. Governor Colleton.
2. Sir John Yeamans.
3. Governor Moore.
4. Governor Craven.
6. Important events.
7. Progress.
8. Noted men.
11. Proprietary.
2. Charter.
3. Assembly.
4. Change.
1. Invasion of Florida.
2. Spanish Invasion.
3. Oglethorpe 's return to Eng-
^ land.
1. Agriculture.
2. Commerce.
3. Education.
4. Science.
5. Art.
6. Invention.
7. Population.
f i. James Oglethorpe.
] 2. Charles Wesley.
( 3. John Wesley.
< i. Exports.
\ 2. Imports.
CHAPTER II. DEVELOPMENT OF THE STATES.
1. Time of election (April 30, 1 789).
2. Politics (none).
3. Length of service (Two terms).
1. Revenue.
2. Public debt ($74,000,000).
3. United States Bank (1791.)
4. District of Columbia (1790).
5. Admission of Vermont (1791).
6. French Revolution.
7. Whiskey Insurrection (1794).
8. Spanish Boundaries (1795).
9. Retirement (March 4, 1797).
1. Thomas Jefferson (Secretary of State).
2. Henry Knox (Secretary of War).
3. Edmund Randolf (Attorney-General).
4. Alexander Hamilton (Secretary of
Treasury).
I. WASHINGTON'S
ADMINISTRATION.
4. Important
events.
5. Noted
men.
26
TREASURY OF FACTS.
II. ADAMS' ADMIN-
ISTRATION.
III. JEFFERSON'S AD-
MINISTRATION.
, Important
events.
i.
IV. MADISON'S AD-
MINISTRATION.
4. Important
events.
V. MONROE'S AD-
MINISTRATION.
VI. JOHN Q. ADAMS'
ADMINISTRATION.
Time of election (1796).
Politics (Federal).
Length of term (4 years).
1. Internal affairs.
2. Alien and Sedition Laws (1798).
3. French Hostilities.
4. Reprisals (1798).
5. Treaty with Bonaparte (1800).
6. Death of Washington (Dec. 14,
1799, Age 68 years).
Time of election (March 4, 1801).
2. Politics (Republican).
3. Length of term (8 years).
1. Measures of Economy.
2. Louisiana Purchase (In 1803,
for $15,000,000).
3. War with Tripoli (1801).
4. Aaron Burr's duel (July, 1804).
5. European Blockade (May,
1806).
6. Right of Search.
7. Firing upon the Chesapeake
(June, 1807).
8. Proclamation by President.
9. British Trading Decree (Nov.,
1807).
10. Milan Decree (Nov., 1807).
11. American Embargo(Dec.,i8o7).
Time of election (March 4, 1809).
Politics (Republican).
Length of time (8 years).
'i. Non-intercourse Act (1809).
2. Indian Outbreak (1811).
3. Battle of Tippecanoe.
4. War declared against England
(June 19, 1812).
5. Revocation of Milan Decree (1810).
6. Charter of U. S. Bank (1816).
7. War with Algiers.
[8. Treaty.
1. Time of election (March 4, 1817).
2. Politics (Neutral).
3. Length of service (8 years).
1. Prosperity of the country.
2. War with Seminoles (1817).
_ 3. Admission of Maine (1820).
Important] 4. Missouri Compromise (1821).
events. 5. Monroe Doctrine (1822).
6. Lafayette's Visit (1824).
7. Purchase of Florida (In 1819 for
$5,000,000).
1. Time of election (March 4. 1825).
2. Politics Whig).',
, Important
events.
UNITED STATES HISTORY.
VII. JACKSON'S AD-
MINISTRATION.
4. Important
wents.
{3. Length of service (4 years).
( i. Prosperity of the country.
4, Im-bortant 2 ' Death of J efferson and Adams
events \ 0"^ 4. 1826).
3. Protective tariff (1828).
[ 4. First railroad.
1. Time of election (March 4, 1829).
2. Politics (Democrat).
3. Length of term (8 years).
" i. Veto of U. S. Bank (1832 and 1836).
2. Black Hawk's War (1832).
3. Tariff Bill (1832).
4. Nullification Act (1832).
5. Clay's Compromise.
6. Florida War (1835).
7. Scott takes command (1836).
8. Victory by Col. Taylor (Dec., 1837).
L 9. Bank and Tariff question.
1. Time of election (March 4, 1837).
2. Politics (Democrat).
3. Length of service (4 years).
f i. Panic of 1837.
4. Important] 2. Canadian Rebellion (1837).
events. | 3. Ashburton Treaty (1842).
[4. Sub-Treasury Bill (1840).
1. Time of election (March 4, 1841).
2. Politics (Whig).
3. Length of service (4 years, i month).
1. Death of Harrison (April I).
2. Resignation of Cabinet.
3. United States Bank veto.
4. Important j 4. Dorr's Rebellion (1842).
events. \ 5. Anti-rent Difficulties (1844).
6. The Mormans (1845).
7. Annexation of Texas (1845).
8. North-east Boundary.
1. Time of election (March, 1845).
2. Politics (Democrat).
3. Length of term (4 years).
1 . Mexican War (See War, July 4,
1845).
2. The Wilmot Proviso (1846).
3. Discovery of gold in California
(1848).
Time of election (March 4, 1849).
Politics (Whig).
Length of term (4 years; Taylor, 16 months).
1. Slavery question.
2. Omnibus Bill (Sep., 1850).
3. The Admission of California (1850).
4. Death of Taylor (July 9, 1850).
5. Death of Clay and Webster (1852).
6. Invasion of Cuba.
VIII. VAN BUREN'S
ADMINISTRATION.
IX. HARRISON AND
TYLER'S ADMINIS-
TRATION.
X. POLK'S ADMIN-
ISTRATION.
XI. TAYLOR AND
FlLMORE'S AD-
MINISTRATION.
4. Important
events.
4. Important
events.
28
TREASURY OF FACTS.
XII. PIERCE'S AD-
MINISTRATION.
XIII. BUCHANAN'S
ADMINISTRATION.
4. Important
events.
XIV. LINCOLN'S
TRATION.
ADMINIS-
XV. JOHNSON'S AD-
MINISTRATION.
XVI. GRANT'S AD-
MINISTRATION.
1. Time of election (March 4, 1853).
2. Politics (Democrat).
3. Length of term (4 years).
(i. The Gadsden Purchase ($10,000,000)
2. Kansas-Nebraska Bill (May, 1854).
3. Border warfare.
4. Perry's Expedition to Japan (1854).
c i. Time of election (March 4, 1857).
2. Politics (Democrat).
3. Length of service (4 years).
" i. Dred Scott Decision (1857).
2. Fugitive Slave law.
3. John Brown's Raid (1859).
4. Secession of the South (Dec.,
1860).
5. Seizing of United States Forts,
etc. (1860).
1. Time of election (March 4, 1861).
2. Politics (Republican).
3. Length of service (4 years).
4. Condition of country.
5. Great Civil War. (See War.)
6. Assassination (April 14, 1865).
1. Time of election (April 15, 1865).
2. Politics (Republican).
3. Length of term (4 years).
' i. Disbanding the army (1865).
2. Reconstruction Policy.
3. The 1 3th Amendment (Dec. 18,
1865). *
4. Public debt ($2,700,000,000,
June, 1865).
5. Reconstruction Policy of Con-
gress (1867).
6. Admission of Seceded States
(June 24, 1868).
7. Tenure of Office Bill (1867).
8. Impeachment of the President
(Jan. 24, 1868).
9. The 1 4th Amendment (July 28,
1868).
10. Indian War (1865-68).
11. French in Mexico (1863).
12. Laying Atlantic cable (1866).
1 3. Purchase of Alaska ($7,200,000,
March, 1867).
14. Fenian excitement.
15. Treaty with China (1868).
Time of election (March 4, 1869).
Politics (Republican).
Length of service (8 years).
4. Important 1 ) \. Pacific Railroad (1869). [1870).
events. \ 2. Fifteenth Amendment (March 30,
4. Important
events.
UNITED STATES HISTORY.
2 9
XVI. GRANT'S AD-
MINISTRATION.
4. Important
events.
f i. Chicago.
3. Great Fires. 2. Forest.
1 3. Boston. JN-9;
4. Treaty of Washington (Feb.,
1871).
5. Prospects of the country.
6. Proposed annexation of Santo Do-
mingo.
7. Death of Greeley (Nov. 29, 1872).
8. Modoc Indians (1873).
9. Credit Mobilier.
10. Railroad Panic (1873).
11. Centennial Exhibition (May 10,
1876, for 6 months.)
12. War with Sioux Indians (1877).
13. The Virginius (1868).
14. Joint Electoral Commission.
15. Admission of Colorado Guly i,
1876).
Time of election (March 4, 1877).
2. Politics (Republican).
3. Length of service (4 years).
f i. United States troops at the South
withdrawn.
2. Railroad strike (1877).
3. Bland Silver Bill (Feb. 21, 1878).
4. Fishery award ($5,500,000).
5. Resumption of Specie payment
(Jan. i, 1879).
1. Time of election (March 4, 1881).
2. Politics (Republican).
3. Length of service.
4. Assassination (July 2, 1881).
5. Death (Sept. 19, 1881).
XIX. ARTHUR'S INAUGURATION (Sept. 20, 1881).
XVII. HAYES' AD-
MINISTRATION.
XVIII. GARFIELD'S
MINISTRATION.
f I.
4. Important
events.
AD-
CHAPTER III. MISCELLANEOUS EVENTS DURING THIS
EPOCH.
I. PROGRESS, i. In States.
1. Vermont (March
4. 1790-
2. Kentucky (June
i, 1792).
3. Tennessee (June
i, 1796).
4. Ohio (Nov. 29,
1802).
5. Louisiana (April
8, 1812).
6. Indiana (Dec. 1 1,
1816).
7. Mississippi (Dec.
ID, 1817).
8. Illinois (Dec. 3,
1818).
TREASURY OF FACTS.
I. PROGRESS.
I. In States.
2. In area.
9. Alabama (Dec.
14, 1819).
10. Maine (March 15,
1820).
1 1 . Missouri (August
10, 1821).
12. Arkansas (June
15- 1836).
13. Michigan (Jan.
26, 1837).
14. Florida (March 3,
1845).
15. Texas (Dec. 27,
1845).
16. Iowa (Dec. 28,
1846).
17. Wisconsin (May
29, 1848).
1. Louisiana purchase
$15,000,000).
2. Spanish Florida
,000,000).
1 8. California (Sep.
9, 1850).
19. Minnesota (May
ii, 1858).
20. Oregon (Feb. 14,
1859).
21. Kansas (Jan. 29,
1861).
22. West Virginia
(June 20, 1863).
23. Nevada (Oct. 31,
1864).
24. Nebraska (March
i, 1867).
25. Colorado (July i,
1876).
(April 30, 1803, for
(Feb. 22, 1819, for
3. Texas ( 1 845).
4. California (1848).
5. Gadsden Purchase ^1853, $10,000,000).
6. Alaska (October, 1867, for $7,200,000).
In population (from 2,000,000 to 52,000,000).
4. In production.
5. In agriculture.
6. In manufacture.
J. In commerce.
8. In invention.
1. Lightning rod (By Franklin, 1752).
2. Cotton gin (By Whitney, 1792).
3. Steamboat (By Fulton, Sept. 4,
1807).
4. Railroad (1827 First, now 52,000
miles).
5. Electro-magne tic telegraph
(Morse, 1844).
6. Atlantic Cable (Cyrus W. Field,
1857-58, 1866).
7. Telephone (Bell, 1876-77).
8. Varied machinery.
1. Common schools.
2. High schools.
9. Intellectually. \ 3. Colleges.
4. Newspapers.
5. Books.
10. Fine arts.
Painting.
Sculpture.
11. Morally.
12. In Governmental science.
1. Churches.
2. Bible societies.
Orphan asylums.
II. AUTHORS. I. Historians.
1. Bancroft.
2. Prescott.
3. Motley.
4. Hospitals.
4. Greeley.
5. Forney.
6. Headly.
UNITED STATES HISTORY.
II. AUTHORS.
III. ORATORS.
I. Historians
2. Poets.
u
Barnes.
Ridpath.
1. Bryant.
2. Whittier.
I 3. Simms.
f i. Cooper.
3. Romantic and] 2. Hawthorne.
miscellaneous. \ 3. Irving.
[4. Channing.
1. Webster. 7. Seward.
2. Clay. 8. Prentice.
3. Calhoun. 9. Stephens.
4. Bent on. 10. Douglass.
5. Everett. u. Choate.
6. Phillips. 12. Sumner.
9. Lossing.
10. Anderson.
4. Poe.
5. Holmes.
6. Longfellow.
5. Legare.
6. H. B. Stowe.
7. Mrs. Sigourney.
CHAPTER IV. WARS OF UNITED STATES.
I. KING WILLIAM'S.
II. QUEEN ANNE'S
2. Time (1689).
3. Length (8
years).
4. Battles.
5. Result (same
as before).
III. KING GEORGE'S.
1. Cause (War between England and France on
account of James II., King of England).
1. Port Royal (1690).
2. Expedition against Quebec
(1690).
3. Indian Expeditions (Schenec-
tady, Haverhill).
4. Commanders (Gov. Phipps).
5. Treaty (Ryswick, 1697.)
1. Cause (To place James' son on the Throne of Eng-
land. France against England).
2. Time (1702).
3. Length (i I years).
f i. Expedition against Port Royal (1707).
2. Second expedition against Port Royal
(1710).
[ 3. Invasion of Canada (1711).
5. Result (French gave up Acadia).
6. Treaty (Utrecht, 1713).
i . Cause (Troubles in Europe).
2. Time (1744).
3. Battle (Capture of Louisburg, 1745).
4. Length (4 years).
5. Result (both parties restored territory taken).
Treaty (Aix-la-Chapelle, 1748).
4. Battles.
I. Cause (Overlapping Claims).
IV. F R E N C H I 3 . Washington s journey.
AND INDIAN.
f r
4. Objective^ \. Fort Du\ '
I points. \ Quesne. 1
First Expedition (Sur-
render o A V ashington,
j u i y4 . I7 5 4 ).
TREASURY OF FACTS.
I. Fort Du
Quesne.
2. A c a di a
and Louis-
burg.
\
1
'4. Objective
points.
3. C'r oiv n
Point and
Ticond '
2.
3-
oga.
4-
5-
4. Niagara (C
apt
A
IV. FRENCH
AND INDIAN.'
1 2. C<
^.Quebec. J
5.
2. Second Expedition (De-
feat of Braddock, July
3. Result (Capture of the
fort by General Forbes,
1758).
f i . Braddock.
4. Com- i 2. Forbes,
manders. 1 3. W ashing-
t ton.
Acadia (1755).
Louisburg (1757).
Commanders.
Battle of Lake George
(1755).
Attack on Ticonderoga
(1758).
Capture of the Forts
(1759).
4. Com- J ' Dieskau.
manders -r'crombie r "
5. Result (Opened the
route to Canada).
:ured in July, 1759).
Attack (Sept. 13, 1759).
j i. Montcalm.
manders. / 2. Wolf.
Result (Surrender of city,
Sept. 1 8, 1759).
4. Loss (Both commanders.)
8. Effects.
Length (9 years).
6. Close (In 1760 for English, but French kept it up till
1763).
7. Treaty (Of Paris, 1763).
' r. England gained all the possessions of the
French North of Iberville River and East of
Mississippi River.
2. $16,000,000 loss, and
3. 30,000 men.
[ 9. Incidents of the war.
V. PONTIAC'S WAR (1763).
f i. Writs of Assistance.
2. Stamp Act (Passed 1765).
3. Mutiny Act (1767).
4. Boston Massacre (March 5, 1770).
5. Boston Tea-party (Dec. 16, 1773).
I. When? (April 19, 1775).
VI. WAR OF
REVOLUTION.
i. Causes.
2. Battles]
of 177 $ |
(2.
i. Lexington.
Bunker Hill.
2. Number engaged.
3. Commanders.
4. Result (British defeat).
5. Effects.
.,, 1 1. When? (June 17, 1775)-
' / 2. Commanders.
UNITED STATES HISTORY.
33
2. Bunker Hill.
3. Result (British defeat).
4. Effect.
i. When? (May 10, 1775).
3. Capture of
2. Commanders.
r2. Battles j
Ticonderoga.
3. Result (English defeat).
of 1775-'
4. Effect.
' i. First column.
4. Canada ex-
pedition.
2. Second column.
3. Attack on Quebec (Dec.
3L 1775)-
4. Result (Patriot failure).
5. Effects.
i. Evacuation of Boston (March 17, 1776).
Moultrie.
f 3. Result.
3. Campaign near 'New York Quly 12).
r i. Time (August 27).
4. Battle of
12. Commanders.
Loner Island.
3. Result.
3. Battles
4. Effect.
0/1776.'
,
f i. To Harlem Heights.
VI. W A R OF
REVOLUTION. '
^H 3: 'h e c p iSe s -
' at ' \ 4. Flight through N. J.
t 5. Condition of country.
fi.
Time (Dec. 25, 1776).
6. Battle of\ \
. Trenton. 1 f
4'
Commanders.
Number engaged.
Result.
Is-
Effects.
f i
. Time (January 3, 1777).
r r> **i f\i. Commanders.
i. Battle o/\ Number engaged.'
Princeton. \ Result
Is
. Effect.
[i. Time (Oct. 4, 1777).
2. Battle of ^
Germantown.
2. Commanders.
3. Number engaged.
4. Result.
5. Effect.
4. Battles
I 0/1 777- 1
3. Battle of
Brandywine.
i. Time (Sept. n, 1777)-
2. Commanders.
3. Number engaged.
4. Result.
5. Effect.
4. Campaign at the North.
i. lime.
n ^i f D 2. Commanders.
5. Battle of Ben-\ Number engaged .
( mngton. J Result
5. Effect.
34
TREASURY OF FACTS.
VI. W A R OF
REVOLUTION.
4. Battles
of 1777-
5. Battles
of 1778.
- 6. Burgoyne's In-
vasion.
7. Battles of
Saratoga.
1. Intent (June, 1777).
2. Number of men (10,-
ooo).
3. Crown Point.
4. Ticonderoga.
5. Fort Edwards.
1. Time (Sept. 19; Oct. 7).
2. Commanders.
3. Number engaged.
4. Result.
5. Effects.
Winter at Valley Forge (1777-78).
2. Con-way Cabal (177$).
3. French Alliance (Feb. 6, 1778).
4. Conciliatory proposals.
5. America's friends.
6. Evacuation of Philadelphia.
"i. When? (June 28,
1778).
Battle of Mon- ^
mouth.
6. Battles,
etc., of
1779.
2. Commanders.
i. Campaign
the South.
3. Number engaged.
4. Result.
^5. Effect.
Campaign tn( i. French fleet.
Rhode Island. \ 2. Result.
9. Massacre of Wyoming (July, 1778).
1. Capture of Savannah
(Dec. 29, 1778).
2. Capture of Fort Sun-
bury (Jan., 1779).
3. Battle of Kettle Creek
(Feb., 1779).
4. Battle of Brier Creek
(March, 1779).
1. Expedition into Con-
necticut.
2. Expedition to Ports-
mouth.
3. Capture of Stony
Point.
4. Second expedition to
Connecticut.
5. Recapture of Stony
Point.
6. Capture of Pa u 1 u s
Hook (July).
7. Expedition against
Fort Castine (July,
1779)-
8. Operations aga i n s t
the Indians.
3. Siege of Savannah (September, 1779).
4. Squadron of Paul Jones (September).
2. Campaign
the North.
tn
UNITED STATES HISTORY.
35
VI. W A R OF
REVOLUTION.
C 7. Battles,
etc., of
1780.
8. B a t -
ties, etc.,
0/1781.
9. Miscel-
laneous.
I. Campaign in the South.
1. When ? (Aug. 16).
2. Commanders.
3. Number engaged.
4. Result.
5. Effect.
Comman-
2. Battle of
Camden.
of
3. Position
ders.
4. Arnold's treason.
i. War in the South.
I. Guilf ord
1. Marion.
2. Su niter.
3. Pickens.
4. Lee.
Court
House (Mar. 15,1781).
2. Ninety-six (May).
3. Eutaw Springs
(September).
1. Arnold's Expedition
into Virginia (J a n.,
1781).
2. Lafayette's defence.
3. Cornwallis in Virgin-
ia (June).
Difficulties of the country.
1. Time (Oct. 19, 1781).
2. Commanders.
3. Number of men.
4. Result.
2. Closing battles.
3. Greens retreat.
4. In the North.
6. Siege of York-
town.
' 5. Effect.
7. Peace declared (Nov. 30).
8. Treaty (Sept. 3, 1783).
i. When?
1774).
r. First Conti- 2. Where?
nental Con-\ phia).
gress,
(Sept. 5,
(Phil ad el-
2. Second Conti-
nental C o n-
gress.
3. Result (Agreed upon
a Decl aration of
Rights).
1. When? (May,
1775)-
2. Where ? (Philadel-
phia).
Result (Voted mon-
ey and an army).
Stratagem of Fort Stanwix.
4. Franklin 's mission to France.
5. Troubles in camp (1780 and 1781).
6. Morris, Financial agent.
7. Shay' s Rebellion.
8. Constitutional Convention (May, 1787).
9. Adoption of Constitution (Sept. 17, 1787).
(_ 10. Continental money.
VII. SECOND WAR WITH ENGLAND. ( i. Right of Search.
I. EVENTS OF 1812. i. Cause. < 2. Impressment of our seamen.
3. Seizing our vessels as prizes.
TREASURY OF FACTS.
I. EVENTS OF 1812.
II. EVENTS OF
1813.
c v f( x - When? (Aug. 16, 1812).
surrenaeroj \ 2 Commanders (Hull and Brock).
rolt ' ( 3. Result (loss of Michigan),
"i. When? (Oct. 13, 1812).
2. Commanders (Van Rensselaer
and Brock).
3. Number of men.
4. Result (Surrender of part of
army).
1. Constitution and Guerriere
(Aug. 9).
2. Frolic and Wasp (Oct. 13).
3. Other victories (300 prizes cap-
tured).
r. The Northern Army.
2. The Central Army.
3. The Western Army.
Battle of
Queenstown.
4. Naval vic-
tories.
4. Battle of the
Thames.
When ? (Oct. 5).
2. Commanders (Proctor and Har-
rison).
3. Result (Decided the war).
4. Effect (Relieved Michigan).
5. Perry's -victory (Sept. 10, 1813).
{I. Chesapeake and Shannon
2 .fce; '^Peacock (Feb.
24).
, Battle of Lun-
dys Lane.
2. Battle of Lake
Champlain.
III. EVENTS OF
1814.
3. Ravages on Atlantt
fl.
4. Battle of New I 2.
Orleans.
13-
( i.
5. Result of war.
6. Peace declared.
1. When? (July 25, 1814).
2. Commanders (Brown and Drum-
mond).
3. Result (Not decisive).
1. When? (Sept. 11, 1814).
2. Commanders (Prevost and Ma-
comb).
Result (Capture of British fleet).
'.c coast.
When? (Jan. 8, 1815).
Commanders (Jackson and Pak-
enham).
Result (British defeat).
In money ($127.000,000).
2. Loss of men.
3. Increase of manufacture.
Treaty (Dec. 24, 1814, at Ghent; Ratified Feb. 17, 1815).
VIII. WAR WITH
MEXICO.
i. Cause.
2. Campaign on
Rio Grande.
fl
3. Capture of } 2
Monterey.
Annexation of Texas (July 4, 1845).
,i. When? (April 24, 1846).
2. Commanders (Taylor and Arista).
3. Number of men (2300 and 6000).
4. Result (possession of Matamoras).
When? (Sept. 24, 1846).
Commanders (Taylor and Ampudia).
Number of men (6000 and 10,000).
4. Result (Capture of city).
UNITED STATES HISTORY.
37
VIII. WAR WITH
MEXICO.
4. Battle of
Beuna Vista.
5. Conquest of New
Mexico and Cal.
6. Capture of
Vera Cruz.
7. Battle of
Cerro Gordo.
8. Battles be-
foreMexico.
IX. WAR OF
REBELLION.
1. When? (Feb. 23, 1847).
2. Commanders (Taylor and Santa
Anna).
3. Number of men (Less than 5000
and 20,000).
4. Result (Mexican defeat).
1. When? (June, 1846).
2. Commanders (Kearney).
3. Number of men (1000 ; vastly
more).
4. Result (Independence of Cali-
fornia July 5, 1846).
1. When? (March 29, 1847).
2. Commanders (Scott and Santa Anna).
3. Number of men (12,000; and more).
4. Result (Capture of fortress and city),
f i. When? (April 18, 1847).
2. Commanders (Scott and Santa
Anna).
I 3. Number of men (12,000 and 12,000).
[4. Result (Mexican defeat).
1 . When ? (Aug. 7,19, 2o.s Sept. 8, 1 847).
2. Commanders (Scott and Santa
Anna).
3. Number of men (10,000 and 30,-
ooo).
4. Result (Occupancy of Mexico, Sept.
14, 1847).
9. Peace(]u\y 4, 1848).
10. Treaty (Feb. 2, 1848, Guadaloupe Hidalgo).
( Cession of New Mexico, Utah, and Cali-
n. Result. < fornia to the United States by Mexico
for $15,000,000).
Free trade.
Slave labor.
States Rights doctrine.
1. Surrender of Sumter (April 14, 1861).
2. West Virginia Campaign (May 24,1861).
3. Big Bethel Repulse (June 10, 1861).
4. Ball's Bluff (Oct. 21, 1861).
1. Battle of Carthage (June 17, 1861).
2. Battle of Wilson's Creek (Aug. 10, 1861).
3. Battle of Belmont (Nov. 7, 1861).
1. Movement of the army of the Peninsula
(April 4).
2. Capture of Yorktown (May 4).
3. Battle of Williamsburg (May 5).
4. Battle of Fair Oaks (May 31, June I).
5. Jackson's Raid (June 8).
6. Seven Days' Retreat (June 28, 29, 30,
July i, 2, 3, 4).
7. Battle of Gains' Mills (June 27).
8. Invasion of the North (Sept. 5).
i. Cause.
4. Events in
1862, East.
TREASURY OF FACTS.
IX. WAR OF
REBELLION.
4. Events in
1862, East.
5. Events in
6. Events in
1863, East.
7. Events in
8. Events in
1864, East.
9. Battle of South Mountain (Sept. 14).
10. Surrender of Harper's Ferry (Sept. 15).
11. Battle of Antietam (Sept. 17).
12. Battle of Fredericksburg (Dec. 13).
13. Capture of New Orleans (April 28).
1. Capture of Fort Henry (Feb. 6, 1862).
2. Capture of Fort Donelson (Feb. 16).
3. Occupation of Nashville (Feb. 23).
4. Occupation of Columbus (March 12).
5. Battle of Shiloh (April 6, 7; men,
40,000 and 57,000).
6. Capture of Island No. 10 (April 7).
7. Capture of Corinth (May 30).
8. Invasion of Kentucky by Bragg (Aug.).
9. His retreat and battle of Perryville
(Oct. 8).
10. Battle of Murfreesboro (Dec. 31 and
Jan. i).
11. Battle of luka.
12. Battle of Pea Ridge (March 7, 8).
13. Battle of Memphis (June 6).
1. Battle of Chancellorsville (May 2, 3).
2. Invasion of Pennsylvania by Lee.
i Battles of ( l ' First Aa ? ^ U !X j) '
3 'rw! S, , \ 2 - Second da y (J ul Y 2 )-
Gettysburg, j ^ Third frffaty
4. Lee's retreat.
5. Effect of these j Exploded the idea of
battles. \ northern invasion.
1. Siege of Vicksburg (July 4).
2. Surrender of Port Hudson (July 9).
3. Rosenkrans in Tennessee (June).
4. Battle of Chickamauga (Sept. 19, 20).
5. Battle of Chattanooga (Nov. 23, 24, 25).
6. Battle of Missionary Ridge (Nov. 25).
7. Operations in East Tennessee (Nov.
3)-
8. Naval attack on Sumter (April 7).
9. Capture of Fort Wagner (Sept. 7).
1. Grant's Campaign (May 4).
2. Battle of the Wilderness (May 5, 6).
3. Battle of Spottsylvania (May 8, 9, 10,
ii. 12).
4. Battle of North Anna (June 3).
5. Battle of Cold Harbor (June 3).
6. Attack on Petersburg (June 8).
7. Operations in Shenandoah Valley.
8. Butler's Advance on Petersburg (June
18).
9. The Mine Explosion (July 30).
10. Siege of Washington (July 10).
11. Battle of Monocacy (July 9).
12. Sheridan's Valley Campaign (Sept.).
UNITED STATES HISTORY.
39
IX. WAR OF
REBELLION.
9. Events in 1864,
West.
8. Events in 1864, ( 13. Battle of Winchester (Sept. 19).
East. \ 14. Battle of Cedar Creek (Oct. 19).
1. Sherman's Campaign (May 6).
2. Battles of Resaca and Dallas
(May 14, 15, 25-28).
3. Battles of Kenesaw Mountain
(June 22).
4. Hood's Attack at Atlanta (July
20, 22, 28).
5. His Western movement.
6. Battle of Franklin (Nov. 30).
7. Battle of Nashville (Dec. 15, 1 6).
8. Sherman's March to the Sea.
9. Capture of Fort M'AHister
(Dec. 13).
10. Capture of Savannah (Dec. 24).
11. Battle of Olustee (Feb. 20).
12. Fort Pillow Massacre (April 12).
13. Red River Expedition (March
and April).
14. Expedition against Mobile (Aug.
5)-
15. Expedition against Fort Fisher
(Dec. 24, 25).
1. Northward march of Sherman
(Feb.).
2. Capture of Columbus (Feb. 17).
3. Fall of Charleston (Feb. 18).
4. Battle of Averysboro (Mar. 15).
10. Events in 1865,
South.
ii. Events in
East.
1865,
IX. WAR OF
REBELLION
(MlSCELLA-'
NEOUS).
"I;
i. Result
2. Incidents con-
nected with the
war.
Battle of Goldsboro (Mar. 23).
1. Sheridan in the Shenandoah
(May).
2. Attack on Fort Steadman (Feb.
25)-
3. Battle of Five Forks (April i).
4. Attack on Petersburg (April 2).
5. Petersburg and Richmond Falls
(April 2, 3).
6. Retreat of Lee (April 3 to 9).
7. Surrender of Lee's Army (April
9).
v 8. Surrender of Johnston (April 26).
Abolition of Slavery (1865).
Entire freedom of Country.
Settlement of State Rights question.
" i. Emancipation Proclamation (Jan.
i, 1863.)
2. Death of Lincoln (April 14, 1865).
3. His Funeral (April 19, 1865).
4. Attempt on the life of Seward
(April 14, 1865).
5. Execution of Conspirators.
6. Death of Wilkes Booth.
40
TREASURY OF FACTS.
2. Incidents con-
nected with the-
war.
IX. WAR OF
REBELL ION
(MlSCELLA-'
NEOUS).
r \. In
3. Result
of war.
2. In
3. In
7. Proclamation of Neutrality by
England and France (May 13, 1861).
8. McClellan superseded by Burn-
side (Nov., 1862).
9. Draft Riot (July 13-16, 1863).
10. Christian Commission.
11. The Trent Affair (Nov. 8. 1861).
12. Sanitary Commission.
13. Merrimac and Monitor (March 8,
1862).
14. Resignation of Scott (July, 1861).
15. Sioux War (1862).
16. Alabama and Kearsarge (July 19,
1864).
17. Paper Money ($2.80 in 1864).
[ 18. Capture of Davis (May n, 1865).
In Money ($2,749,000,000).
1. Killed 300,000.
2. Crippled for life 200,000.
3. Confederates 500,000.
In Destruction of property.
SECTION VIII.
GEOGRAPHY.
CHAPTER I. MATHEMATICAL.
I. MATHEMATICAL.
I. Terms.
2. Shape
and size-
of earth.
Sphere.
, Hemisphere.
, Diameter.
. Circumference.
, Circle.
, General shape. ( i
, Proofs of rotun-
dity.
3. Oblate Spheroid.
C i. Degrees.
< 2. Minutes.
( 3. Seconds.
, By appearance
of ships.
.Shadow in
Eclipse.
C i rcumnaviga-
tion.
!i. Longest Di-
ameter.
2. Shortest Di-
3. Circles of,
situation.
{ ameter.
Extent of Circumference.
Extent of Diameter.
Axis.
Poles.
1 < i. North Pole.
' \ 2. South Pole.
Their use.
T^;- (
Their >
names. )
4. Motions of
earth.
(3-
3. Latitude.
4. Longitude.
i. Rotation.
2. Revolution.
1. North
Hemi-
sphere.
2. South
Hemi-
sphere.
Equator.
Parallels.
Meridians.
II. North.
2. South.
3. How reckoned.
4. Length of Degree.
1. Prime Meridian.
2. East Longitude.
3. West Longitude.
4. Length of De-
gree.
1. On what?
2. In what time ?
3. Result.
1 . Around what ?
2. In what time ?
3. Result.
TREASURY OF FACTS.
I. MATHEMATICAL.
c r TV c j i- Of Cancer.
5. Climate )** * ( 2. Of Capricorn.
PolarCircle,|
. \ SSe
6.
7-
18.
i- Situation.
> characteristics .
CHAPTER II. PHYSICAL.
I. LAND.
II. WATER.
~ . . ( i. Continents.
' Extent ' \ 2. Islands.
( i. Peninsulas.
. Contour forms.
? 2. Capes.
f 3. Isthmuses.
Ci.
Desert.
( i. Plains. < 2.
Forest.
{i. Low lands. \ (3.
Prairies.
( 2. Valleys.
r i. Plateaus
| i. Desert.
( 2. Fertile.
2. High lands, -j
( i. Chains.
( 2. Mountains. \ 2. Ranges.
' i . Atlantic. ] ji
( 3. Systems.
2. Pacific. ^ f x
Seas.
3. Indian. - c 2
Gulfs.
i. The Ocean.
4. North- |-I^ 3
Bays.
ern.
f i. Chan-
5. South- ."S" [4
ern. j ^
Straits. ? nels.
( 2. Sounds.
f i-
Main Streams.
V
Tributaries.
2. Rivers. \ 3.
Source.
4-
Mouth.
15-
Delta.
( i.
3/" / ,p/> c <
. LMKes. ^ 2
Fresh.
I. General Law.
2. / r /rj/ Modification. Altitude.
3. Second Mi
*n-i}fgE
& f
its of air.
4. Third Moi
i ifi ca, im . \-^
on.
III. CLIMATE.
IV. PLANTS. i. Tropical
5. Fourth Modification. Length of days,
r i . Bread Fruit.
| 2. Bananas.
3. "Palms.
4. Rice.
GEOGRAPHY.
43
r i. Tropical.
IV. PLANTS.
t 5. Pine Apples.
(6.
2. Warm Temperate.
Caoutchouc, etc.
1. Tea.
2. Coffee.
3. Rice.
4. Wheat.
3. Cold Temperate.
4. Arctic.
5. Corn.
6. Potatoes.
7. Sweet Potatoes.
1. Barley.
2. Rye.
3. Oats.
4. Buckwheat.
5. Potatoes.
r. Barley.
2. Turnips.
3. Dwarf Birches.
4. Alder.
5. Willows.
V. ANIMALS.
i. Temperate.
i. Domestic.
2. Wild.
2. Tropical.
3. Arctic.
1. Lion.
2. Tiger.
3. Hippopotamus.
4. Peacocks.
5. Ostriches, etc.
1. White Bear.
2. Seal.
3. Walrus.
4. Reindeer.
5. Fur-bearing Animals.
1. Horse.
2. Sheep.
3. Camel.
4. Ox.
5. Goat.
6. Hen.
7. Geese.
8. Ducks, etc.
1. Buffalo.
2. Deer.
3. Wolf.
4. Jay.
5. Hawk etc.
CHAPTER III. POLITICAL.
i. Physical characteristics.
2. Representative type
3. Numbers. 600,000,000.
4.
Si Eu
2. A
3. Hi
1. Features.
2. Color.
3. Hair.
4. Beard.
Europeans.
Arabs.
Hindoos.
44
TREASURY OF FACTS.
I. RACES
OF MAN.
2. Mongolian.
C i. Physical characteristics.
Representative type. < :
, Numbers. 589,000,000.
1. Features.
2. Color.
3. Hair.
4. Beard.
, Chinese. .
, Japanese.
, Turks.
i. Physical characteristics.
3. African. \ 2
4. Malay.
5. American.
Features.
2. Color.
3. Hair.
[4. Beard.
Tribes of Africa.
Negroes in America.
1. Features.
2. Color.
3. Hair.
4. Beard.
1. Inhabitants of Malacca.
2. East India Islanders.
3. Pacific Islanders.
Numbers. 60,000,000. f i. Features.
1. Physical characteristics. \ 2 '
[4. Beard.
2. Representative ( Indians of North and South
type. \ America.
3. Numbers. 11,000,000.
( i. Domestic.
Representative
type.
3. Number. 185,000,000.
Physical characteristics.
Representative
type.
rl. Animal.
i. FOOD.
i. Beasts.
2. Birds.
d ( i. Forest.
. \ 2. Prairie.
3. Fishes.
2. Wild
game
, Domestic.
, Wild* i. Forest.
game. \ 2. Prairie.
1. Sea.
2. Lake.
3. River.
2. Vegetable.
i. Roots.
1 . Potatoes.
2. Onions.
3. Beets.
[4. Turnips.
Stalks and ( '" Sugar,
leaves.
3. Grains.
4. Fruits.
2. Tea.
( 3. Cabbage, etc.
1. Wheat.
2. Barley.
3- Rye.
4. Corn.
5. Coffee, etc.
1. Apples.
2. Peaches.
3. Nuts.
4. Melons.
GEOGRAPHY.
45
I. FOOD. 3. Mineral.
II. PHYSICAL
NEEDS O F
MAN.
:i. Salt.
2. Water.
3. Lime.
4. Iron.
2. CLOTHING.
.3. SHELTER.
III. NATIONS.
i. European.
f I. Animal.
2. Vegetable.
.3. Mineral.
A . /
i. Animal
2.
3. Mineral.
i. Europe.
2. Asia.
.3. Africa.
i. North America.
2. American.
[ 2. South America,
i. Characteristics.
1. Wool.
2. Fur.
3. Ivory.
4. Horns.
5. Leather.
1. Cotton.
2. Linen.
3. Gutta-percha.
{i. Iron.
2. Steel.
3. Copper.
4. Brass.
Skins.
Woollens.
r. Cotton.
2. Linen.
1. Brick.
2. Stone.
3. Paints.
^4. Glass.
11. England.
2. Russia.
3. France.
4. Spain, etc.
1. Turkey.
2. Persia.
3. Siberia, etc.
1. Soudan.
2. Zanguebar.
3. Cape Colony, etc.
' i. United States.
2. Mexico.
3. Canada, etc.
1. Chili.
2. Brazil.
3. Peru, etc.
IV. STATES OF
SOCIETY.
i 2. Language. Spoken,
i. Savage, j ^ Govtrnment.-Patriarchal.
[4. Religion. Pagan.
f i. Characteristics.
2
2. Half civilized. <
i i. Spoken.
' \ 2.
Written.
3. Civilized.
\ 3. Government. Absolute Monarchy.
[ 4. Religion. Buddhist.
1. Characteristics.
< I. Spoken.
2. Language, j 2 w^uen.
,, . ( i. Republican.
3. Government, j 2 Monarchical.
4. Religion. Christian.
TREASURY OF FACTS.
V. OCCUPATIONS.
VI. GOVERNMENT.
2. Seafaring.
3. Lumbering.
1. Fishing.
2. Navigation.
1. Cutting.
2. Hauling.
3. Sawing. -
Coal.
Gold.
4. Mining A 3. Silver.
4. Iron.
[ 5. Lead, etc.
i. For food.
5. Manufacturing.
1. Flour.
2. Syrup.
2. For clothing. 3. Sugar, etc.
3. Shelter.
6. Commerce.
i. Foreign.
2. Domestic.
i. Legislative.
( i. Imports.
I 2 - ~
i. Republican.
2. Judicial.
Exports.
1. By rail.
2. Canals.
3. Rivers.
. Senate.
. House of Rep-
resentatives.
1. Supreme Court.
2. Circuit Court.
\. Inferior Court.
3. Executive
VII. RELIGION.
1. Absolute.
2. Limited.
2. Monarchical. \ 3. Kingdoms.
4. Empires.
5. Duchies,
i. Roman Catholic.
1. Christian. \ 2. Protestant.
3. Greek Church.
2. Mohammedan.
3. Jewish.
4. Pagan.
( i. President.
" ( 2. Vice-President.
CHAPTER IV. LOCAL OR STATE GEOGRAPHY.
( i. By Latitude and Longitude 1 . C i. Oceans.
I. POSITION OF STATE. < (i. Natural. < 2. Lakes.
( 2. By Boundaries. < (3. Rivers.
IT OTTTTTMP \*. Regular. ( 2. Artificial. State lines.
II. OUTLINE. < 2 Irregu i ar>
C i. Length in miles.
i. Definite size. < 2. Breadth in miles.
III. EXTENT. I ( 3. A/ea.
z. Comparative size. As to other States.
GEOGRAPHY.
47
IV. COAST.
[. Principal Indentations. \ '
2. Principal Projections. \ '
3. Adjacent Islands.
4/ Harbor.
Peninsulas.
Capes.
(l. Characteristics.
V. SURFACE.
4. Plains.
C i. Level.
< 2. Undulating.
( 3. Mountains.
To what System.
To what Range or Group.
Interior or Boundary.
Wooded.
Grassy.
Sandy.
ii:
VI. RIVERS.
VII. LAKES.
i:
2. Mountains.
3. Valleys.
I
2
5. Direction of slopes.
6. Natural Curiosities.
To what System.
Description of particular rivers.
Description.
To what System.
Length.
Navigable.
For Waterpower.
4. For Fish.
Uses \ ' For Fishin S-
/ 2. For Commerce.
i. y^J determined by Latitude.
VIII. CLIMATE.
IX. NATURAL
VANTAGES.
AD-
X. INTERNAL IMPROVEMENTS.
i. Altitude.
2. Proximity to Sea.
3. Great Lakes.
. As modified by certain causes.
4. Winds.
5. Slope of Land.
C
i. Forests.
6. Nature of Soil.
I. On the surface. 1
2. The soil.
3. Facilities
7. Forests,
for transportation.
i. Coal.
2. Iron.
I.
Useful min- 3. Salt.
2. Within the
erals. 4. Building stone.
5. Copper, Lead.
earth.
etc.
.2.
Precious metals, s ' c:i ve |.
3. In the water.
;:
Lake and River fish.
., , $ i. Local roads.
( *' J
f\<!<
Iroads. \ 2 Trunk Unes
XI. OCCUPATIONS.
2. Canals.
( 3. Navigation by Lakes and Rivers.
I Agriculture \ f ' ^ r P s ra . lsed -
1. 4f7l <r. | 2 g tock raisin g >
,- , t . \ i. Importance.
2. Manufacturing, j 2 Art l j des manufacture d.
,,. . j j. Metals, etc., found.
3. Mining. ^ 2 TQ what extent W orked.
4 8
TREASURY OF FACTS.
XL OCCUPATIONS.
XII. GOVERNMENT.
4- Lumbering.
5. Fishing.
.6. Commerce.
XIII. HISTORY.
XIV. CITIES.
j i. Location of Forests.
\ 2. Method pursued.
\ i. Locality of fisheries.
\ 2. Kinds caught.
1. Exports.
2. Imports.
3. Means of transportation.
1. Names of Houses.
2. Session.
3. Length of term.
Supreme Court.
Circuit Court.
Colonial Period.
Territorial Period.
Date of Admission.
Subsequent growth and present Population,
( i. Population.
1. Capital. < 2. Industries.
( 3. Chief source of wealth.
C i. Population.
2. Metropolis. < 2. Industries.
( 3. Chief source of wealth.
C i. Population.
.3. Other important Cities, < 2. Industries.
( 3. Chief source of wealth.
i:
1. Legislative.
2. Executive.
3. Judicial. \
Early History. <
SECTION IX.
PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY.
CHAPTER I. GEOLOGY.
I. GENERAL STRUCT-
URE OF THE EARTH.
II. CONTINENTS.
III. ISLANDS.
IV. MOUNTAINS.
i. Earths. \
i. Vegetable mould.
2. Mineral earths.
( i. Silicious.
< 2. Calcareous.
i.
Unstratified.
( 3. Argillaceous.
2.
3-
Stratified.
Fossiliferous
U:
Stratified.
Unstratified.
4-
Non-fossiliferous. \
i. Stratified.
2. Unstratified.
f i. Unstrati-
{ I-
Plutonic "!2.No d n-fossi-
. 2. Rocks. <
lifArrmc
2. Volcanic.
5. Igneous. <; fl Unstrati-
fied.
2. Non-fos-
( siliferous.
j i. Stratified.
6. Metamorphic. j 2 Non-fossiliferous.
1. Stratified.
2. Fossiliferous.
7. Aqueous.
Eastern.
1. Europe.
2. Asia.
Africa.
.... j i. North America.
Western. ^ 2 South America .
r i. Continental.
.2. Pelagic.
x 3. Caroline.
1. 20,000 feet and up.
2. 10,000 to 20,000.
3. 2000 to 10,000.
4. Chains.
5. Ranges.
6. Systems.
1. Japanese.
2. British Islands.
3. West Indies.
1. Sandwich.
2. St. Helena.
1. Sabrina.
2. Nyoe.
3. Hotham.
1. Lagoon.
2. Encircling Reefs.
3. Barrier Reefs.
4. Infringing Reefs.
i. Common.
2. Volcanic.
TREASURY OF FACTS.
V. VALLEYS. | Longitudinal.
VI. PLATEAUS.
VII. PLAINS.
Transverse.
j i. Desert.
\ 2. Fertile.
I. Wooded.
2. Grassy.
3. Desert.
( I. Forests.
< 2. Selvas.
( 3. Heaths.
(I. Prairies.
2. Llanos.
3. Pampas.
4. Steppes.
1. Llanos.
2. Steppes.
3. Landes.
VIII. VOLCANOES.
I. Central System.
1. Active.
2. Intermittent.
3. Extinct.
1. Active.
2. Intermittent.
3. Extinct.
IX. EARTHQUAKES.
2. Linear System.
3. Mud Volcanoes.
4. Fires of Bokou.
5. Hochans.
6. Hotsing.
7. Geysers.
C i. Horizontal.
r. Linear. < 2. Vertical.
( 3. Rotary.
C i. Horizontal.
2. Circular. \ 2. Vertical.
3. Rotary.
I. SPRINGS.
II. RIVERS.
CHAPTER II. HYDROGRAPHY.
1. Perennial.
2. Intermittent.
3. Periodical.
4 . .&//. J ' s y racuse - N - Y.
2. Kanawha, Va.
( i. Saratoga, N. Y.
5. Mineral. \ 2. Sulphur, Va.
3. Blue Licks, Ky.
1. Arctic.
2. Antarctic.
1. Oceanic. \ 3. Pacific.
4. Atlantic.
5. Indian.
2. Continental.
3. Main Streams.
4. Tributaries.
PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY.
III. LAKES.
6. Fresh.
1. Arctic.
2. Atlantic.
IV. OCEANS. { 3 . Pacific.
4. Indian.
1. Those with inlet and no outlet.
2. Those with inlet and an outlet.
3. Those with no inlet but an outlet.
4. Those with no inlet nor outlet.
5. Salt.
1. North Atlantic.
2. South Atlantic.
> KOC j r - Mediterranean Sea.
3. eastern, j 2 g^ gea
( i. Caribbean Sea.
4. Western. ? 2. Gulf of Mexico.
( 3. Honduras Bay.
r Tr-,0, J * Gulf of California.
1. .Lasttrn. j 2 gea of Kamtschatka>
( i. China Sea.
2. Western, -j 2. Yellow Sea.
( 3. Japan Sea.
1. Bay of Bengal.
2. Persian Gulf.
3. Arabian Sea.
[4. Red Sea.
Antarctic. ( I. By the onward flow of the ocean's surface,
i. Waves. < 2. By the Winds.
( 3. By the Earthquakes.
r T TTI~>^ TVI ^ x - Spring Tide.
J i. Flood Tide, j /gap Tide.
2 -^i. Ebb T M ,j--Wl e -
1. Under Currents.
2. Counter Currents.
V. OCEANIC
MOVEMENTS.
.3. Currents.
3. Temporary
rents.
East
Hurlgate,
River.
Cur--^ 2. Roost of Shum-
burg, South
Shetland.
1. The Antarctic Current.
2. The Equatorial Current
of the Atlantic.
3. The Equatorial Current
of the Pacific.
4. The Southern connecting
Current.
5. Guiana and Can b b e a n
Current.
6. Gulf Stream.
7. North Africa and Guinea
Current.
8. Arctic Current.
9. Japan Current.
10. Saxgasso, or Grassy Sea.
{i. Red Sea.
2. Persian Gu!f.
3. China Sea.
4. Indian Ocean.
4. Constant
Currents.
TREASURY OF FACTS.
CHAPTER III. METEOROLOGY.
I. ATMOSPHERE. ^- Dry air.
II. TEMPERATURE.
III. WINDS.
2. Periodical.
3. Variable.
4. Hot winds.
5. Cold winds.
6. Whirlwinds.
1. Oxygen, 20, or 21.
2. Nitrogen, 79, or 80.
2. Vapor of water.
( I . Temperature of a solid body.
2. Temperature of the atmosphere.
( 3. Temperature of a place.
~ , ( i. North-east.
Constant or Trade. j 2 South . east
" i. Land and sea j i. From the sea.
breezes. \ 2. From the land,
f i. North-east.
2. North-west.
3. South-east.
4. South-west.
4. Northers of Texas and Mexico.
I i. South-west.
\ 2. North-west.
1. Simoom.
2. Khamsin.
3. Harmattan.
4. Sirocco.
5. Solano.
1. Pamperos.
2. Northers of Texas and Mexico.
3. Bora.
f i. Hurricanes.
2. Monsoons.
3. Etezian.
8. Moist winds. [ 4.
9. Dry winds.
IV. MOISTURE OF THE ATMOSPHERE.-
Tornadoes.
'I. Dew.
I'f"' f i. Cirrus.
?' /-/;,/.. J 2 - Cumulus.
4. Cfc*. j 3 Stratus
[4. Nimbus.
f i. Rainless region.
5. Rain. < 2. Periodical rains,
r 3. Frequent,
i i. Glaciers.
6. Snow. -| 2. Icebergs,
c 7. //a/7. ( 3. Avalanches.
V. CLIMATE.
i. Tierras Calientes.
i. Elevation above the sea level. < 2. Tierras Templadas.
2. Slope of the land. ( 3. Tierras Frias.
3. Position of mountains and plains.
4. Vicinity of the sea.
6. Isothermal lines.
3. The warm.
4. The temperate.
PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY.
53
V. CLIMATE. 6. Isothermal lines.
VI. ELECTRICAL
NOMENA.
PHE-
5. The cold.
6. The frigid.
i. Electricity. \ '" Thunder. ( i. Zigzag.
* ( 2. Lightning. < 2. Sheet.
VII. OPTICAL PHENOMENA.
2. Mariners' light.
3. Aurora Borealis.
1. Rainbow.
2. Halos corona.
3. Mock suns.
4. Mock moons.
5. Mirage.
6. -Fa/a Morgana.
7. Ignis Fatuus.
3. Globular.
CHAPTER IV. ORGANIC LIFE.
r i.
2.
3-
Cryptogamous. . End us .
P H TcTm m ate. 5 ' \ * ^ogfnous.
4-
Warm Temperate.
I. BOTANY.
5-
Cold Temperate.
6.
Arctic.
' I
. Quadrumana.
7-
Food Plants.
(i. Chieroptera.
8.
Clothing Plants.
2
2. Insectivora. ,
T T~)r>
i 9-
Narcotics.
3. Digitigrada. j
1 1 ' !
4. Plantigrada. '
'
< i. Mam-
3
. Marsupialia.
malia.
4. Rodentia.
5
. Edentata.
6. Pachydermata.
7. Ruminantia.
8
. Marine Mam- t I. Amphibia.
malia. } 2. Cetacea.
r i. Rapaces.
i.
Verte-
2. Scansores.
brated.
2. Birds. J 3> Oscines -
4. Galinacea.
5. Grallatores.
6. Natatores.
II. ZOOLOGY.
3. Fishes.
II. For food.
2. Other species.
^Re Pti U,.
''Chiles. , ,. venomous.
3! IroS^ i * H - mless -
2.
Molluscuous.
L 4. Turtles.
3-
Articulated.
4-
Radiated.
f i. Europeans.
III. ETHNOGRAPHY, i. Caucasian.
< 2. Hindoos.
( 3. Whites of America.
54
TREASURY OF FACTS.
III. ETHNOGRAPHY.
2. Mongolian.
3. Ethiopian.
.
4 Malav \ Ig Inhabitants f M
'* ( 2. New Zealanders,
q American \ '
< 2.
1. Esquimaux.
2. Chinese.
3. Osmans of Turkey, etc.
1. Abyssinians.
2. Africans.
3. New Caledonians.
Malacca.
etc.
Indians of North America.
Indians of South America.
CHAPTER V. LOCAL PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY.
I. COAST.
i. Projections. \ l '
1 2. Indentations.
Peninsulas.
1. Seas.
2. Bays.
3. Gulfs.
4. Inlets.
5. Sounds.
II. ISLANDS.
III. MOUNTAINS.
IV. LAKES.
V. RIVERS.
VI. GENERAL SURFACE.
VII. SPRINGS.
VIII. CLIMATE.
1. Continental.
2. Sea.
3. Lake.
4. River.
1. System.
2. Chain.
3. Range.
4. Boundary.
5. Interior.
6. Volcanoes.
1. 5iz//.
2. Fresh.
3. 70 w^a system.
1. Oceanic.
2. Continental.
3. Main streams.
4. Tributaries.
$. Availability for navigation.
6. Availability for water-power.
1. Level.
2. Undulating.
3. Mountainous.
4. Nature of soil for Agriculture.
5. Natural Curiosities.
2. Temperate.
3. CW/
PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY.
55
IX. RAINFALL.
X. PLANTS.
XI. ANIMALS
r. Periodical.
2. Frequent.
3. Scanty.
7 or food.
C i. Tropical.
' 2. Temperate.
}
2. For clothing. ( 3. Arctic.
3. Narcotics.
Domestic.
Wild.
1. Precious metals.
2. Precious stones.
3. Ordinary stones.
li
XII. MINERALOGY.-*
1. Marble.
2. Granite.
3. Sandstone.
i. Iron.
4. Ordinary metals. \ *' PP er -
[ 4. Tin, etc.
( i. Coal.
5. Ordinary minerals. < '.
^6. Petroleum. ( 2. Salt.
r. Anthracite.
2. Bituminous.
1. Springs.
2. Mines.
SECTION X.
GEOLOGY.
CHAPTER I. ROCKS.
i.Eozoic
I. STRATIFIED, OR AQUE-
OUS ROCKS.
1. Mica.
2. Mica Schist.
3. Saccharoid Limestone.
4. Talcose Schist.
5. Hornblende.
6. Quartz Rock.
7. Clay, or Argillaceous Slate.
8. Serpentine Rocks.
2. Palaeozoic.
3. Mesozoic.
4. Cetnozoic.
II. UNSTRATIFIED, OR IGNEOUS ROCKS.
Silurian Series.
2. Devonian Series.
3. Carboniferous Series.
4. Permian Series.
1. Triassic Series.
2. Jurassic Series.
3. Cretaceous Series.
( i. Eocene.
1. Tertiary. < 2. Miocene.
( 3. Pliocene.
1. Moraine Terraces.
2. S u b-a q u e o u s
2. Drift. ( Ridges.
3. Sea Beaches.
4. Sea Bottom.
1. Soil.
2. Clay.
3. Sand.
4. Peat.
5. Marl.
3. Alluvium. J 6. Calcare o u s
Tufa.
7. Coral Reefs.
8. Deposits of
skeletons of
Infusoria.
1. Granitic Rocks.
2. Trappean Rocks.
3. Volcanic Rocks. .
GEOLOGY. 57
CHAPTER II. VOLCANOES AND EARTHQUAKES, ETC.
I. Intermittent.
II. Phenomena of an eruption.
III. Dynamics of volcanic action.
IV. New islands formed by volcanic agency.
V. Submarine volcanoes.
VI. Character of molten lava.
VII. Volcanoes constantly active.
VIII. Seat of volcanic power.
IX. Extinct volcanoes.
EARTHQUAKES.
Horizontal.
I. CONCUSSIONS. -^ 2. Perpendicular.
3. Rotary.
Linear.
' 2. Circular.
THERMAL SPRINGS.
I. Theory of thermal springs.
II. 7^<? Geysers of Iceland.
III. 7*^ //0/ Springs of Arkansas.
IV. Tifo /fttf Springs of Rocky Mountains.
CHAPTER III. FOSSIL REMAINS.
I. SILURIAN SERIES.
II. DEVONIAN SERIES.
1. Polypi.
2. Brachiopods.
3. Crinoids.
4. Echinodermata.
5. Crustacea.
6. Corals.
7. Fishes.
1. Animals.
2. Fishes.
3. Reptiles.
4. Ferns.
5. Stigmaria.
6. Sigillaria.
7. Rhyncholites.
III. PERMIAN SERIES. Similar to above.
11. Plants.
2. Animals.
3. Reptiles.
4. Fishes.
TREASURY OF FACTS.
V. JURASSIC PERIOD.
1. Animals.
2. Insects.
3. Fishes.
4. Ichthyosaurus.
5. Pleiosaurus.
6. Iguanodon.
7. Pterodactyl.
8. Foot-marks.
9. Raindrops.
10. Fossil sponges.
11. Corals.
12. Crustaceous shells.
13. Reptiles.
14. Fruits.
1. Nummulites.
SECTION XL
BOTANY.
CHAPTER I. PHENOGAMOUS (FLOWERING PLANTS).
1. Mallow Family.
2. Mimosa Family.
3. Rue Family.
4. Camellia Family.
5. Magnolia Family.
6. W^ter-lily Family.
7. Calycanthus Family.
8. Rose Family.
9. Moonseed Family.
10. Custard-apple Family.
n. Crowfoot Family,
r I. Stamens 12. Mignonette Family.
more than 13. Fig-marigold Family.
ten. 14. Pulse Family.
15. Barberry Family.
16. Rock-rose Family.
17. Caper Family.
1 8. Poppy Family.
19. Cactus Family.
20. Loasa Family.
21. Myrtle Family.
I. Polypeta- \ 22 - Pitcher-plant Family.
loiis. 2 3- Sundew Family.
24. Begonia Family.
25. Purslane Family, etc.
1. Magnolia Family.
2. Quassia Family.
3. Orpine Family.
4. Saxifrage Family.
5. Soapberry Family.
6. Leadwort Family.
7. Primrose Family.
8. Sterculia Family.
9. Vine Family.
10. Buckthorn Family.
11. St. John's Wort Fam-
ily.
12. Fumitory Family.
13. Mustard Family.
14. Caper Family.
I. EXOGENOUS
\
2. Stamens
less than
ten.
6o
TREASURY OF FACTS.
(i. Polype ta-
lous.
I. EXOGENOUS.
2. St amens
less
ten.
I. Superior
Calyx and
Inf erior
Ovary.
2. Monopeta-
lous.
2. Superior
Ovary and
Inf erior'
Calyx.
15. Passion Flower Fam-
ily.
1 6. Violet Family.
17. Sundew Family.
1 8. Tamarisk Family.
19. Pittosporum Family.
20. Cashew Family.
21. Pink Family.
22. Water Wort Family.
23. Flax Family. ,
24. Parsley Family.
25. Gourd Family.
1. Composite Family.
2. Lobelia Family
3. Campanula Family.
4. Whortleberry Family.
5. Valerian Family.
6. Honeysuckle Family.
7. Gesneria Family.
8. Storax Family.
9. Cinchona Family.
10. Madder Family.
11. Teasel Family.
12. Gourd Family.
1. Heath Family.
2. Pulse Family.
3. Polygala Family.
4. Fumitory Family.
5. Borage Family.
6. Nightshade Family.
7. Figwort Family.
8. Bladderwort Family.
9. Broom-rape Family.
10. Gesneria Family.
11. Bignonia Family.
12. Sesamum Family.
13.' Acanthus Family.
14. Vervain Family.
15. Mint Family.
1 6. Geranium Family.
17. Orpine Family.
1 8. Heath Family.
19. Ebony Family.
20. Storax Family.
21. Lead wort Family.
22. Primrose Family.
23. Sapodilla Family.
24. Nolana Family.
25. Dogbane Family.
26. Milkweed Family.
27. Four-O'clock Family.
28. Holly Family.
29. Plantain Family.
BOTANY.
6l
I. EXOGENOUS.
2. Monopeta-
lous.
2. Superior
Ovary and
Inferior
Calyx.
3. Apetalous.
I. F lowers
not in Cat-
kins.
II. ENDOGENOUS.
4. Gymnospermous. \ 2 '
i
f I. Spadiceous. < -
2. Petaloideous
30. Logania Family.
31. Waterleaf Family.
32. Polemonium Family.
33. Heliotrope Family.
34. Convolvulus Family.
35. Dodder Family.
36. Olive Family.
1. Birthwort Family.
2. Evening Primrose
Family.
3. Pink Family.
4. Loosestrife Family.
5. Witch-hazel Family.
6. Saxifrage Family.
7. Poppy Family. '
8. Amaranth Family.
9. Chickweed Family.
10. Oleaster Family.
11. Laurel Family
12. Sweet-gale Family.
13. Plane-tree Family.
14. Fig Family.
15. Elm Family.
1 6. Mezereum Family.
17. Sandalwood Family.
1 8. Dogwood Family.
19. Buckwheat Family.
20. Crowfoot Family.
21. Lizzard's-Tail Family.
22. Hemp Family.
23. Goosefoot Family.
24. Water Milfoil Family.
25. Spurge Family.
26. Pokeweed Family.
27. Buck-thorn Family.
"i. Nettle Family.
2. Pine Family.
3. Fig Family.
4. Mistletoe Family.
5. Walnut Family.
6. Birch Family.
7. Willow Family.
8. Plane-tree Family.
9. Oak Family.
Cycas.
Pine.
Palm Family.
Pondweed Family.
Duckweed Family.
4. Cat-tail Family.
5. Arum Family.
\ i. Water-plantain Family.
( 2. Yam Family.
2. Flowers in
Catkins or
Catkin-like
heads.
62
TREASURY OF FACTS.
II. ENDOGENOUS.
2. Petaloideous.
3. Glumaceous.
3. Frog's-bit Family.
4. Orchis Family.
5. Ginger Family.
6. Arrowroot Family.
7. Banana Family.
8. Iris Family.
9. Pineapple Family.
10. Amaryllis Family.
11. Pickerel-weed Family.
12. Lily (Trillium) Family.
13. Spiderwort Family.
14. Smilax Family.
15. Rush Family.
1 6. Arrow-grass Family.
17. Yellow -eyed Grass Family.
1 8. Pipewort Family.
19. Tillandsia, Pineapple Family.
20. Lily Family.
1. Rush Family.
2. Sedge Family.
3. Grass Family.
CHAPTER II. CRYPTOGAMOUS (FLOWERLESS).
I. Horse-tail.
II. Fern.
III. Club-moss.
CHAPTER III. PARTS OF PLANTS.
I. LEAVES.
I. Parts.
2. Venation.
1. Blade.
2. Petiole.
3. Stipules.
4. Sheath.
5. Ligule.
6. Color.
1. Veinlets.
2. Vein.
3. Midrib.
4. Feather-vein.
5. Palmate.
i. Entire.
-3- Margin.
2.
4. Crenate.
5. Repand.
BOTANY.
I. LEAVES.
4. Base.
5. Apices.
1. Cordate.
2. Auriculate.
3. Hastate.
4. Sagittate.
5. Oblique.
6. Tapering.
7. Clasping.
8. Connate.
9. Decurrent.
1. Acute.
2. Acuminate.
3. Obtuse
4. Truncate.
5. Retuse.
6. Obcordate.
7. Emarginate.
8. Mucronate.
9. Cuspidate.
( i. Acute.
5. Lobes. < 2. Sub-acute.
( 3. Sinuses.
7.
8. Forms.
9. Petiole.
1. Sessile.
2. Stipulate.
3. Petiolate. /
4. Exstipulate. -j '
1. Runcinate.
2. Bipinnatifid.
3. Pedate.
4. Curled.
5. Peltate.
6. Kidney-shaped.
7. Lyrate.
1. Round.
2. Half round.
3. Long.
1. Open.
2. Shut.
3. Sharp.
4. Deep.
5. Broad.
4. Short.
10. Surface.
1 1. Color.
1. Light.
2. Dark.
3. Spotted.
4. Striped.
12. Simple leaves.
13. Compound leaves.
1. Hairy.
2. Glabrous.
3. Smooth.
4. Rough.
5. Shiny.
6. Dull.
'< i. Leaflet.
2. Petiolule.
3. Stipules.
4. Rachis.
5. Pinnate.
6. Digitate
i
{i. Free.
2. Adnate.
3. Prickly.
4. Ochreate.
( i. Abrupt.
i 2. Unequally.
( 3. Cirrose.
1. Three-fingered.
2. Five-fingered.
3. Seven-fingered.
6 4
TREASURY OF FACTS.
II. STEM.
( I. Node.
1. Parts of stems. < 2. Internode.
( 3. Axil of leaf.
( i. Terminal bud.
2. Appendages. < 2. Axillary.
( 3. Branch.
3. Position of leave* on stem. \ ScalTe'aves.
C i. Alternate.
4. Arrangement of leaves on stem. < 2. Opposite.
1. Round. ( 3. Whorled.
2. Compressed.
3. Half round.
4. Fluted.
5. Acute angled.
). Altitude of stem.
7. G?/0r of stem.
8. Surface of stem.
5. Shape of stem.
' 6. Triangular.
7. Square.
8. Five-sided.
9. Four-angled.
1. Erect.
2. Drooping.
3. Creeping.
4. Trailing.
5. Climbing.
6. Twining.
1. Spotted.
2. Striped.
3. Light.
4. Dark.
5. Green.
6. Variegated.
1. Smooth.
2. Shining.
3. Hairy.
4. Glabrous.
5. Rough.
6. Dull.
1. High.
2. Low.
3. Slender.
4. Thick.
r i. Hollow.
LIO. Structure of stem. \ *; ^j y
4. Herbaceous.
III. INFLORESCENCE.
i. Kinds.
c iv i ! Terminal.
Solitary, j 2 AxUlary<
1. Terminal.
2. Axillary;
It
Clustered.
Peduncle.
Bracts.
Involucre.
Pedicel.
BOTANY.
III. INFLORESCENCE.
Parts.
Altitude.
.4. Varieties.
IV. THE FLOWER.
Petals,
V. ROOT.
VI. SEED. i. Parts.
Rachis.
Receptacle.
1. Erect.
2. Bending.
3. Pendulous.
1. Spike.
2. Spadix.
3. Catkin.
4. Raceme.
5. Glomerule.
6. Corymb.
7. Umbel.
1. Receptacle.
2. Calyx.
3. Corolla.
4. Perianth.
5. Stamens.
6. Pistil.
1. Sepal.
2. Polysepalous.
3. Gamosepalous.
1. Limb.
2. Claw.
2. Polypetalous.
3. Gamopetalous.
4. Regular.
5. Irregular.
1. Regular.
2. Irregular.
1. Filament.
2. Anther.
3. Pollen.
1. Ovary.
2. Style.
3. Stigma.
1. Conical.
2. Fusiform.
3. Napiform.
Si. Moniliform.
2. Fasciculated.
3. Tubercular.
, TI~J , 5 * Embryo.
1. Body, j 2 Albumen .
2. Seed coat.
3. Nucleus.
' i. Head.
2. Calyx.
3. Corolla.
4. Perianth.
5. Stamens.
6. Pistil.
i. Taproot.
Cotyledon.
Radical.
Plumule.
VII. WOODY PLANTS.
3. Shrub.
4-
1. Stock.
2. Bark.
3. Wood.
4. Pith.
SECTION XII.
I. PROTOZOA.
ZOOLOGY.
CHAPTER I. INVERTEBRATES.
I. Gregarinidce.
3. Infusoria.
II. CCELENTERATA.
III. ANNULOIDA.
1. Monera.
2. Amoebea.
3. Foraminifera.
4. Radiolaria.
5. Spongida.
Ciliata.
Flagellata.
Suctoria.
i. Hydroida.
i. Hydrozoa. \ 2. Corynida.
3. Sertularida.
1. Calycophoridse.
2. Physophoridas.
3. Lucernarida.
4. Pelagids.
5. Rhizostomidae.
i. Zoantharia.
3. Acttnozoa. \ 2. Alcyonaria.
Ctenophora.
1. Crinoidea (Feather- stars).
2. Ophiuroidea (Sand-stars).
3. Asteroida (Star-fishes).
4. Echinoidea (Sea-urchins).
5. Holothuroidea (Sea-cucum-
bers).
1. Taeniada (Tape-worms).
2. Trematoda (Flukes).
3. Turbellaria (Ribbon-worms).
4. AcantHocephala (Th orn -headed
worms).
5. Gordiacea (Hair-worms).
6. Nematoda (Round-worms).
7. Rotifera (Wheel-animalcules).
Echinodermata.
IV. ANNULOSA.
. Anarthro-
poda.
i. Gephyrea.
2. Annelida.
1. Hirudinea (Leeches).
2. Oligochaeta , (Earth-
worms).
3. Tub i col a (Tube-
worms.)
4. Err ant i a (Sand-
worms).
ZOOLOGY.
6 7
IV. ANNULOSA.
2. Arthropoda.
1. Crustacea.
2. Rhizocephala.
3. Ichthyophthira.
4. Cirripedia.
5. Phyllopoda.
6. Amphipoda.
7. Decapoda.
V. MOLLUSCA. I. Molluscoida.
( i. Podosomata.
3. Arachnida. ] 2. Pedipalpi.
( 3. Araneida.
\ i. Chilopoda.
4. Myriapoda. < 2. Chilognatha.
( 3. Pauropoda.
1. Anoplura.
2. Mallophaga.
3. Thysanura.
4. Hemiptera.
5. Orthoptera.
6. Neuroptera.
7. Aphaniptera.
8. Diptera.
9. Lepidoptera.
10. Hymenoptera.
ir. Strepsiptera.
1 2. Coleoptera.
1. Polyzoa.
2. Tunicata.
3. Brachiopoda.
5. Insecta,
4. Lamellibranchiata.
5. Gasteropoda.
6. Pteropoda.
7. Cephalopoda,
I. PISCES.
II. AMPHIBIA.
III. REPTILIA.
CHAPTER II. VERTEBRATES.
1. Pharyngobranchii.
2. Marsipobranchii.
3. Teleostei.
4. Ganoidei.
5. Elasmobranchii.
6. Depnoi.
" i. Labyrinthodontia. (Extinct.)
2. Ophromorpha.
3. Urodela.
4. Anoura.
1. Chelonia (Tortoises).
2. Ophidia (Snakes).
3. Lacertilia (Lizards).
4. Crocodilia (Crocodiles).
68
TREASURY OF FACTS.
{5. Ichthyopterygia.
6. Sauropterygia.
7. Pterosauna.
8. Anomodontia.
' i. Natatores (Swimmers).
2. Grallatores (Waders).
3. Cur sores (Runners).
4. Rasores (Scratchers).
IV. AVES.
5. Scansores (Climbers).
1
i Extinct.
f i. Penguins.
2. Gulls,
j 3. Ducks.
4. Geese.
[ 5. Flamingoes, etc.
f i. Water-hens.
2. Cranes.
3. Herons.
4. Storks.
5. Snipes.
6. Woodcock.
7. Plovers.
8. Curlews, etc.
1. Ostrich.
2. Emeu.
3. Cassowary, etc.
1. Grouse.
2. Ptarmigan.
3. Partridges.
4. Pheasants.
5. Turkey.
6. Guinea fowl.
7. Domestic fowl.
8. Pea fowl.
9. Doves.
10. Pigeons, etc.
1. Cuckoos.
2. Woodpeckers.
3. Parrots.
4. Cockatoos.
6. Insessores (Perchers).
5. Parrakeets.
6. Toucans.
7. Trogons, etc.
1. Crows.
2. Magpies.
3. Jays.
4. Starlings.
5. Grosbeaks.
6. Larks.
7. Thrushes.
8. Orioles.
9. Wrens.
10. Martins.
1. Owls.
2. Hawks.
7. Raptores (Birds of prey), -j 3. Falcons.
4. Eagles.
5. Vultures, etc.
ZOOLOGY.
69
IV. AVES. 8. Oscines (Singers).
V. MAMMALIA.
i. Monotremata.
2. Marsupialia (Pouched).
3. Edentata (Toothless).
Robins.
Humming-birds.
Lark.
Swallow.
Sparrow.
6. Bluebird, etc.
1 . Duck moles.
2. Ant-eaters.
1. Kangaroos.
2. Phalangers.
3. Tasmanian devil.
i. Sloths.
Armadillos.
Hairy Ant-eaters.
4. Sirenia.
5. Cetacea.
1. Manatus.
2. Dugong.
:i. Whalebone whale.
2. Sperm whale.
3. Dolphins.
4. Porpoises.
4. Scaly Ant-eaters.
6. Ungulata (Hoofed).
7. Hyracoidta.
8. Proboscidea.
Hyrax.
1. Rhinoceros.
2. Horse.
3. Ass.
4. Zebra.
5. Hippopotamus.
6. Hogs.
7. Peccaries.
8. Camels.
9. Llama.
10. Giraffe.
ir. Stags.
12. Elk.
13. Sheep.
14. Reindeer.
15. Antelopes.
1 6. Oxen.
17. Buffalo.
1 8. Bison, etc.
Elephants.
^ 9. Carnfvora (Flesh-eaters).
1. Seals.
2. Bears.
3. Raccoons.
4. Badgers.
5. Weasels.
6. Otters.
7. Civets.
8. Dogs.
9. Wolves.
10. Foxes.
1 1 . Hyena.
12. Cat.
13. Lynx.
14. Tigers, etc.
70
TREASURY OF FACTS.
V. MAMMALIA.
- 10. Rodent ia (Gnawers).
ir. Chieroptera (Winged).
12. Insecttvora
it
13. Quadrumana
handed).
14. Bimana (Man).
f I. Rabbits.
2. Hares.
3. Porcupines.
4. Beavers.
5. Mice.
6. Rats.
7. Squirrels.
8. Dormice, etc.
fi. Bats.
2. Vampire bats.
3. Horse-shoe bats.
1. 4. Flying squirrels, etc.
Shrew-mice.
Hedgehog.
(i. Spider Monkeys.
2. Baboons.
3. Ourang-Outang.
4. Chimpanzee, etc.
SECTION XIII.
I. THE BONES.
PHYSIOLOGY.
CHAPTER I. THE SKELETON.
1. Number of Bones.
2. Uses of the Bones.
3. Composition of Bones.
4. Structure of Bones.
5. Growth of Bones.
6. Repair of Bones.
7. Joints.
8. Classification of
Bones.
To protect delicate organs.
Act as levers.
Preserve the shape of body.
- The Skull.
.2. Trunk.
r i. Spine.
2. Ribs.
1. Number of
Bones.
2. Curvature.
3. Skull artic-
ulate.
Number.
Uses.
ibs. j
L 3 .Hi P Bone,| 2: |^
9. Upper Limbs.
' ST- | i'SjSt
{I. Humerus.
3: SSL
4. Carpus.
10. Lower Limbs.
1. The Hip. i. Femur.
( i. Patella.
2. The Knee. ] 2. Tibia.
( 3. Fibula.
I. Tarsus.
The Foot.
i J . Diseases of the Bones.
2 - Metatarsus.
3 Phalan g es .
4. Deformities.
1. Rickets.
2. Felon.
3. Bow-legs.
4. Curvature of Spine.
5. Sprains.
6. Dislocation.
7. Fracture.
TREASURY OF FACTS.
CHAPTER II. THE MUSCLES.
( i. Voluntary.
\ 2. Involuntary.
I. THEIR NUMBER.
II. THEIR USE.
III. THEIR ARRANGEMENT.
IV. THEIR KINDS.
V. THEIR STRUCTURE.
VI. TENDONS.
VII. AS LEVERS OF THE BODY.
VIII. ATTACHED AT THE JOINTS.
IX. THEY ENABLE us TO STAND ERECT.
X. MUSCULAR SENSE.
XI. EXERCISE NECESSARY.
XII. TIME TO EXERCISE.
XIII. KINDS OF EXERCISE.
XIV. DISEASES OF THE MUSCLES.
1. St. Vitus's Dance.
2. Convulsions.
3. Locked-jaw.
4. Gout.
5. Rheumatism.
6. Ganglion.
7. Lumbago.
CHAPTER III. THE INTEGUMENT, OR SKIN.
I. THE STRUCTURE OF THE SKIN
II. THE USE OF THE SKIN.
III. EFFECT ON COMPLEXION.
IV. APPENDAGES OF THE SKIN.
V. THE GLANDS OF THE SKIN
VI. BATHING NECESSARY.
VII. DISEASES OF THE SKIN.
ii
The Hair.
The Nails.
The Mucous Membrane.
1. The milk teeth.
2. The permanent.
3. The structure.
4. Their positions.
5. Their decay.
6. Their preservation.
4. The Teeth.
The Oil Glands.
The Perspiratory. i. Perspiration.
Absorbing properties.
Reaction.
Sea bathing.
Clothing.
Erysipelas.
Dropsy.
Corns.
Warts.
Chilblains.
Deformities of nails.
PHYSIOLOGY.
73
CHAPTER IV. RESPIRATION.
I. ORGANS OF RESPIRATION.
II. RESPIRATION.
\ i. Inspiration.
\ 2. Expiration.
1. Trachea.
2. Bronchial tubes.
3. Lungs.
4. Pleura.
5. Cillia.
III. MODIFICATIONS OF THE BREATH.
IV. CAPACITY OF LUNGS.
V. NECESSITY OF AIR.
VI. ACTION OF AIR.
VII. REBREATHING.
VIII. VENTILATION.
IX. DISEASES OF LUNGS. !
r. Sighing.
2. Sneezing.
3. Coughing.
4. Snoring.
5. Laughing.
6. Crying.
7. Hiccough.
8. Yawning.
1. Constriction of the Lungs.
2. Bronchitis.
3. Pleurisy.
4. Pneumonia.
5. Consumption.
6. Asphyxia.
7. Diphtheria.
8. Croup.
CHAPTER V. THE VOICE.
t. Lungs.
I. ORGANS OF VOICE. 1 2. Glottis.
II. VOCAL CORDS. ( 3. Epiglottis.
III. TONES OF THE VOICE.
IV. SPEECH.
CHAPTER VI. CIRCULATION.
I. ORGANS OF CIRCULA-
TION.
i. The Heart.
1. Diastole.
2. Systole.
1. Movements.
2. Auricles.
3. Ventricles.
Si. Tricuspid.
2. Bicuspid.
3. Semi-lunar.
Arterial system.
2. The Arteries. j l ' The Pulse
3. Veins.
4. Capillaries.
74
TREASURY OF FACTS.
II. THE USES OF BLOOD.
III. TRANSFUSION OF BLOOD.
IV. COAGULATION.
V. LESSER CIRCULATION.
VI. GREATER CIRCULATION.
VII. VELOCITY OF THE BLOOD.
VIII. DIFFUSION OF HEAT BY THE BLOOD.
IX. CHANGE OF TISSUE.
X. THE VITAL ORGANS.
XL LYMPHATIC CIRCULATION
j ( i. Lymph.
( 2.
XII. DISEASES OF BLOOD.
Use of Lymphatics.
1. Congestion.
2. Inflammation.
3. Bleeding.
4. Scrofula.
5. Colds.
6. Catarrh.
I. SOURCES OF FOOD.
II. ORGANIC FOOD.
1. Albuminoids.
2. Fats and Oils.
CHAPTER VIL FOOD.
i i. The earth.
[ 2. The atmosphere.
f i. Albumen.
2. Fibrin.
3. Glutin.
4. Casein,
i. Sugar.
3. Sugars. 1 2. Starch.
( 3. Gums.
1. Water.
2. Salt.
3. Lime.
III. INORGANIC FOOD. " 4. iron.
5. Soda.
6. Potash.
7. Magnesia,
II. Spices.
2. Flavors.
3. Tea.
4. Coffee.
5. Acids.
C i . For waste and repair.
V. PROPER FOOD NECESSARY. < 2. For hunger and thirst.
( 3. In quantity.
Cooked.
1. Milk.
2. Eggs.
3. Meats.
4. Fish.
IV. STIMULANTS.
VI. MIXED FOOD.
VII. KINDS OF FOOD.
Raw.
i. Animal.
PHYSIOLOGY. 75
{i. Bread.
3' Fruit '
4. Alcohol.
CHAPTER VIII. DIGESTION.
III. MASTICATION, j *'
IV. GASTRIC DIGESTION, j 1 2 '
I. NECESSARY FOR ASSIMILATION OF FOOD.
II. MANNER OF DIGESTION.
Saliva.
Swallowing.
The Stomach.
Gastric Juice.
( i. Bile.
V. INTESTINAL DIGESTION. < 2. Pancreatic Juice.
VI. ABSORPTION. ( 3. Small Intestines.
VII. THE NATURE OF DIGESTION.
VIII. THE TIME REQUIRED.
IX. COOKING FOOD AIDS THE DIGESTION.
X. RAPID EATING RETARDS DIGESTION.
XI. AMOUNT OF FOOD TAKEN.
XII. TIME IT SHOULD BE TAKEN.
XIII. MANNER OF EATING.
XIV. FOOD SHOULD BE CHANGED.
XV DISFASES J ' Dyspepsia.
AV. DISEASES. j 2 Mumps
CHAPTER IX. THE NERVOUS SYSTEM.
I. THE BRAIN.
II. THE CEREBRUM.
III. THE CEREBELLUM.
IV. THE SPINAL CORD.
V. THE TRANSFER OF PAIN BY THE NERVES.
VI. SPINAL NERVES.
1. Olfactory.
2. Optic.
3. Motores oculi.
4. Tri-facial.
VII. CRANIAL NERVES. * |- ^Sory
7. Glos-so-pha-ryngeal.
8. Pneumogastric.
9. Accessory,
ro. Hypoglossal.
7 6
TREASURY OF FACTS.
VIII. SYMPATHETIC SYSTEM.
1. Crossing cords.
2. Reflection.
3. Brain exercise.
4. Sleep.
5. Alcoholic effects.
6. Sunlight necessary.
1. Excitement.
2. Muscular
weakness.
3. Mental weak-
ness.
CHAPTER X. SPECIAL SENSES.
1. Use of Touch.
2. Delicacy of Touch.
1 . Location of the Taste.
2. Uses of the Taste.
1. Nostrils.
2. Necessity of Smell. ( i. External.
( i. The Ear. -j 2. Middle.
2. Sound Waves. ( 3. Internal.
3. Care of the Ear.
1. Eyelids.
2. Tears.
3. The Retina.
4. How we see.
5. Near Sight.
6. Far Sight.
I. THE TOUCH.
II. THE TASTE.
III. THE SMELL.
IV. THE HEARING.
V. THE EYES, OR SENSE OF SIGHT.
7. Care of the Eyes.
, 8. The protection of the Eyes.
CHAPTER XL HEALTH AND DISEASE.
I. NATURE OF DISEASE.
II. HOW TO PREVENT DISEASE.
III. HOW TO CURE DISEASE.
IV. DEATH.
V. DECAY.
SECTION XIV.
NATURAL PHILOSOPHY.
CHAPTER I. MATTER.
I. IMPONDERABLE.
II. PONDERABLE.
1. Solid.
2. Fluid.
. .
d. \ I 2
Aeriform.
IV. PROPERTIES OF MATTER.-
2. Liquid.
I. Universal.
2. Accessory.
1. Gases.
2. Vapors.
1. Extension.
2. Figure.
3. Impenetrability.
4. Indestructibility.
5. Inertia.
6. Divisibility.
8. Compressibility
9. Expansibility.
10. Mobility.
11. Gravitation.
'i. Cohesion.
2. Adhesion.
3. Hardness.
4. Tenacity.
5. Elasticity.
6. Brittleness.
7. Malleability.
8. Ductility.
CHAPTER II. MECHANICS.
I. FORCE.
i. Rest.
2. Motion.
Absolute.
Relative.
1. Absolute.
2. Relative.
3. Velocity. C i. Uniform.
4. Kinds. < 2. Accelerated.
5. Momentum. ( 3. Retarded.
6. Striking force.
7. Centrifugal force.
8. Simple motion.
9. Resultant motion.
10. Reflected.
n. Action and reaction.
12. Laws of motion. (See over.)
TREASURY OF FACTS.
i si Law. A body at rest remains at rest ; a body in motion moves in a
straight line with uniform velocity, unless acted upon by some external force.
2</ Law. A given force always produces the same effect, whether the
body upon which it acts is in motion or at rest ; whether it is acted upon by
that force alone or by others at the same time.
3</ Law. Reaction is always equal to action, and opposite to it in di-
rection.
1. Direction. ( I. Weight above the earth's surface.
2. At different parts of the surface.
'All objects weigh most at the
2. Weight. \ surface of the earth. Ascend-
ing from the surface, their
weight diminishes as the square
3. Law. * of their distance from the cen-
tre increases ; descending tow-
ards the centre, their weight
diminishes as their distance
from the surface increases.
The force of gravity increases as
the amount of matter increases.
The force of gravity decreases as
the square of the distance increases.
Gravity gives a falling body
II. GRAVITY.
3. Laws of Gravity. \
V
4. Falling Bodies.
i. Law.
a certain velocity in the
first second of its descent ;
and still forcing it down-
ward, it increases that ve-
locity in the following sec-
onds till it reaches the
earth.
2. Bodies thrown downward.
3. Parachute.
. 4. Ascending bodies.
5. Projectiles.
(6. Pendulum.
The force by
which it was
thrown.
Gravity.
Resistance of the
air.
Forces acting upon
projectiles.
, Path of projectiles.
, Random.
4. Gunnery.
1. Application to clock-work.
2. Gridiron Pendulum.
3. Laws of Pendulum :
ist Law of Pendulum, or Vibration. The vibrations of a given pendu-
lum are performed in very nearly the same time, whether it moves through
longer or shorter space.
zd Law. The vibrations of pendulums of different lengths are performed
in different times ; and their lengths are proportioned to the squares of their
times of vibration.
^d Law. The vibrations of the same pendulum are not performed in
the same time at all parts of the earth's surface ; but, being caused by grav-
ity, differ slightly, like gravity, according to the distance from the earth's
centre.
NATURAL PHILOSOPHY.
79
II. GRAVITY.
f I. How found.
12. Stability of bodies.
3. Effect of Rotary motion.
4. Centre of gravity in man.
5. Equilibrium.
1. Gravity.
2. Springs.
3. Strength of man.
4. Wind.
5. Water.
8. Motive Power.
9. Resistance,
-it
6. Steam.
Units of work.
Horse-power.
Friction.
III. MACHINES.
1. Perpetual motion.
2. Law of machines.
I. Levers
class.
2. Levers of
class.
i. Law.
i. Sliding.
I 2. Rolling.
( 3. Modes of lessening.
fWhat a machine gains in
(amount of work, it loses in
time; and what it gains in
time, it loses in amount of
work.
Advantages of using machinery.
( i. Lever. (See below.)
2. Wheel-and-Axle. (See below.)
3. Pulley. (See over.)
4. Mechanical 4. Inclined Plane. (See over.)
Powers. 5. The Wedge. (See over.)
6. The Screw. (See over.)
7. Wheel-work. (See over.)
With levers of the first kind, inten-
sity of force is gained, and time
is lost, in proportion as the dis-
tance between the power and the
fulcrum exceeds the distance be-
of the first I tween the weight and fulcrum.
2. Balance.
3. Steelyards.
4. Bent levers.
5. Compound levers.
f With levers of the second class, intensity
, j of force is gained, and time lost, in pro-
\ portion as the distance between the
power and the fulcrum exceeds the dis-
[ tance between the weight and fulcrum.
C With levers of the third class, intensity of
force is lost, and time gained, in pro-
portion as the distance from the weight
to the fulcrum exceeds the distance
from the power to the fulcrum.
IWith the wheel-and-axle. intensity
of force is gained, and time lost,
in proportion as the circumfer-
ence of the wheel exceeds that of
the axle.
the
\ 3. Levers of the third class. \
2. Wheel-and-axle. I. Law.
So
TREASURY OF FACTS.
j i.
( 2 -
Capstan.
Windlass.
3. Pulley.
f 2. Wheel-and-axle. 2. Different forms.
1. Fixed.
2. Movable. rtir^u -11 t_ i
White's I mova k' e pulleys, a power will bal-
' T ance* a weight as many times greater
than itself as twice the number of mov-
[ able pulleys employed.
i. Bodies rolling down a plane.
With an inclined plane, intensity of
f rce i g gained, and time lost, in
proportion as its length exceeds its
[ height.
First kind of wedge.
Second kind of wedge, mr-.., ... ,
AJ..- .-A, fWith a given thickness,
f i. Bodies n
4. Inclined plane. <
( 2. Law. I
5. The wedge.
6. The screw.
7. Wheel-work.
| 3. Advantages of
[ 4. Law of Wedge.
the longer the wedge,
the easier it will pene-
trate.
1. The Convex.
2. The Concave.
3. Advantages of the screw.
4. Hunter's Screw.
5. Endless Screw.
f i. Modes of connection.
2. Rack and Pin.
j 3. Forge Hammer,
j 4. Cranks.
5. Fly-wheels.
[ 6. Clocks and Watches.
1. Nature of liquids.
2. Law. Water always, at rest, finds its level.
3. Artesian wells.
4. Springs.
i. Friction.
2. Bands.
3. Teeth.
i i. Spur.
< 2. Crown.
( 3. Bevel.
IV. HYDROSTATICS.
1. Clock-work.
2. Watch- work.
5. Locks.
6. Spirit Levels.
7. Pressure of liq-
uids. Laws :
Liquids, subjected to pres-
sure, transmit it undimin-
ished in all directions.
Liquids, influen c e d by
\ gravity alone, press in all
directions.
The pressure of liquids in
every direction is propor-
tioned to their depth.
8. Hydrostatic Paradox.
9. Hydrostatic Bellows.
10. Hydrostatic Press.
11. Specific Gravity of Liquids. Hydrometer.
1 2. Specific Gravity of Solids.
13. Specific Gravity of Gases.
' i. Cause.
14. Capillary Attraction.
2. Examples.
3. Laws. (See below.)
4. Floating bodies
5. Endosmose.
6. Exosmose.
1st Law of Capillary Attraction. Different liquids rise to different
heights in tubes of the same size.
NATURAL PHILOSOPHY.
81
id Law. The same liquid always rises to the same height in a tube of
given size, and this height is proportioned to the fineness of the bore.
Si. Velocity.
2. Course.
3. Volume.
2.
V. HYDRAULICS.
i. Flowing through) ~. ^ ( i. Waves. , , ,-..,
pipes and streams. Rlvers " 2. Tides. '' E . bb '
f i. Propulsion of Boats. < 2 ' Flow -
.3. Water- Wheels.
Machines for raising water.
3. Archimedes' Screw.
4. Chain Pump.
5. Hydraulic Ram.
CHAPTER III. PNEUMATICS.
I. ELASTIC FLUIDS.
i. Vacuums.
II. AIR.
j i. Gases.
\ 2. Vapors.
f i. Compressible.
[ 4. Mariotte's law.
The greater the pressure to-
which the fluids are sub-
jected, the less space they
occupy and the greater
their density.
3. Atmospheric pressure. Barometer. ] * ,J>, 'i
4. Densit o air at dierent levels.
4. Density of air at different levels.
5. Effect of heat on air. \ '
Single-barrelled.
Double-barrelled.
Experiments.
' i. Siphon.
2. Tantalus's Cup.
3. Lifting Pump.
4. Forcing Pump.
5. Fire Engines.
6. Centrifugal Pump.
7. Stomach Pump.
6. Air Pump.
17. Condenser.
III. PNEUMATIC MACHINES.
CHAPTER IV. PYRONOMICS.
I. NATURE OF HEAT, j '
II. SOURCES OF HEAT.
Sensible.
Latent.
3. Chemical action. \ \' Combustion
.i Electricity. U Animal heat.
TREASURY OF FACTS.
r i
III. DIFFUSION OF HEAT. -
IV. EFFECTS
OF HEAT.
By Con-
duction.
2. Bad Con-
ductors.
2. By Convection.
i. Good Conductors. Solids.
1. Porous bodies.
2. Fibrous bodies.
3. Liquids.
4. Gases.
5. Vapors.
3. Conducting power of Solids.
4. Conducting power of Liquids.
5. Conducting power of Gases.
6. Conducting power of Vapors.
, By Radia-
tion.
i. Law.
1. Expansion.
2. Liquefaction.
3. Vaporization.
4. Condensation.
5. Incandescence.
6. Specific heat.
7. Steam.
Radiant heat dimin-
ishes in intensity
as the square of
the distance from
the radiating
body increases.
2. Reflection.
3. Absorption of Radiant heat.
4. Transmission of heat.
1. Of Solids.
2. Of Liquids.
3. Of Gases.
4. Of Vapors.
1. Thermometer.
2. Differential.
3. Pyrometer.
1. Generation of steam.
2. Condensation.
1. Hero's Engine.
2. De Garay's Engine.
3. De Cause & Branca's.
4. Papin's. ( i. Boiler.
3. Steam-
Engines.
5. Watt's. 2. Safety-valve.
(l. High
1 3. Kinds. I Pressure '
2. Low
Pressure.
6. Newcomen's.
i. Stationary.
Uses of Engines. -| 2. Marine.
3. Locomotive.
CHAPTER V. OPTICS.
I. NATURE OF LIGHT.
2.' Deduction. \ ' Self-luminous bodies.
( 2. Non-luminous bodies.
3. Transmission oA l ' Transparent bodies.
j- L f \ 7 - Translucent bodies.
( 3. Opaque bodies.
4. The Media.
NATURAL PHILOSOPHY.
II. SOURCES OF LIGHT.
III. PROPAGATION
OF LIGHT.
1. Sun and Stars.
2. Chemical Action.
3. Mechanical Action.
4. Electricity.
5. Phosphorescence.
1. Light radiates from every point of a luminous sur-
face in every direction.
2. In a uniform medium, light is propagated in
straight lines.
3. Velocity.
4. Law of intensity. The intensity of light diminishes
according to the square of the distance from the lu-
IV. SHADOWS. Penumbra.
V. REFLECTION AND RE-
FLECTING SURFACES.
minous body that produces it.
i. Mirrors.
2. Law of reflection.
3. Images.
4. Reflection from
Mirrors.
VI. REFRACTION
LIGHT.
OF
3. Double Convex.
4. Piano-Convex.
Concavo-Convex.
Meniscus.
I 4-
ll:
Plane.
2. Concave.
3. Convex.
The angle of reflec-
tion is equal to
the angle of inci-
dence.
1. From Plane.
2. Kaleidoscope.
3. Concave Mirrors.
[ 4. Convex Mirrors.
1. By Atmosphere. Mirage, f i. Double Concave.
I 2. Piano-Concave.
2. By Prisms and Lenses.
i. Classes of Lenses:
3. By Convex Lenses.
4. By Concave Lenses.
5. By Multiplying Glass.
[ 6. Double Refraction.
\st Law of Refraction. In a uniform medium, there is no refraction. It
is only on passing from one medium to another, that a ray is turned from
its course.
2d Law. Only such rays as enter a medium obliquely are refracted, not
such as enter at right angles.
^d Law. When a ray passes obliquely from a rarer to a denser me-
dium, it is refracted towards a line perpendicular to the surface.
4*A Law. When a ray passes from a denser, into a rarer medium, it is
refracted from the perpendicular.
VII. POLARIZATION OF LIGHT.
' i. Solar Spectrum.
2. Difference of color.
3. Complementary colors.
4. Properties of the Spectrum.
5. Dark lines in the Spectrum.
6. Dispersion of Light.
7. Achromatic Lenses.
VIII. CHROMATICS.
IX. VISION.
8. Rainbow.
\ 9. Haloes.
The Eye. Parts of eye.
Cornea.
Iris.
Pupil.
4. Aqueous matter.
5. Crystalline lens.
TREASURY OF FACTS.
IX. VISION.
2. Defects of vision.
3. Images formed on Retina.
4. Visual angle.
5. Adaptation of the eye.
1. Camera Obscura.
2. Microscope.
6. Vitreous matter.
7. Retina.
8. Choroid Coat.
9. Sclerotic Coat.
10. Optic Nerve.
X. OPTICAL INSTRUMENTS.
3. Magic Lantern.
1. Single.
2. Compound.
3. Solar Microscopes.
r. Phantasmagoria.
2. Dissolving views.
CHAPTER VI. ACOUSTICS.
I. NATURE OF SOUND.
II. ORIGIN OF SOUND.
III. TRANSMISSION OF SOUND.
IV. VELOCITY OF SOUND.
V. DISTANCE TRANSMITTED.
1. Speaking Trumpet.
2. Stethoscope.
VII. INTERFERENCE OF SOUND, i i. Echoes.
VIII. REFLECTION OF SOUND. < 2. Ear Trumpets.
( 3. Whispering Galleries.
1. Loudness.
2. Pitch.
3. Quality.
f I . Stringed.
VI. ACOUSTIC TUBES.
IX. MUSICAL SOUNDS.
X. MUSICAL
MENTS.
INSTRU-
Kinds.
XI. GAMUT.
XII. HARMONY.
XIII. HUMAN VOICE.
XIV. THE VOICE
XV. HUMAN EAR
ut i
i
(3-
1. Pianos.
2. Harps.
3. Violins, etc.
( i. Organ.
] 2. Flute.
[ 2. Wind. 1 ( 3. Fife, etc.
( 2. Manner of producing sound.
1. Vocal Organs.
2. Vocal Chords.
3. Ventriloquism.
4. Stammering.
INFERIOR ANIMALS.
Outer Ear.
Inner Ear.
Drum.
NATURAL PHILOSOPHY.
85
CHAPTER VII. ELECTRICITY.
OF FT FPTRiriTv
rY '
f i. Developed by Friction.
2 ' Devel P ed b Y Chemical Action.
3. Developed by Magnetism.
4. Developed by Heat.
II. ATTRACTION AND REPULSION.
III. NATURE OF ELECTRICITY.
IV. CONDUCTION. Insulators.
V. PATH OF THE CURRENT.
VI. VELOCITY OF ELECTRICITY
VII. ELECTRICAL MACHINES.
1. Cylinder machine.
2. Plate.
3. Insulating Stool.
4. Leyden Jar.
5. .Battery.
VIII. MECHANICAL EFFECT OF THE PASSAGE OF ELECTRICITY.
IX. IGNITION BY THE ELECTRIC SPARK.
X. ELECTROPHOROUS.
XI. ELECTROSCOPES.
XII. ELECTROMETERS.
XIII. ELECTRICAL INDUCTION.
XIV. ELECTRICITY FROM STEAM.
XV. ATMOSPHERIC ELECTRICITY.
XVI Voi TAir FI FPTRiriTY
XV II GALVAN?S THE
*-
ORY.
XVIII. VOLTA'S THEORY.
XIX. GALVANIC BATTER-
IES.
XX. THERMO-ELECTRIC-
ITY.
*' <. , .
* %: ^ ,,<<: *< r i ;**,.
3- Ftre Balls - \ r - Effects of lightning.
4 " *&***& ] 2 - Lightning Rods.
Dry Piles. ( 3. Thunder.
Quantity and Intensity.
Theory of the Battery.
Difference between fru
Electricity.
5. Effect of Voltaic.
1. How produced.
2. Batteries.
fictional and Voltaic
f i. Decomposition.
I 2. Protection of metals.
Luminous and Heat-
ing.
Physiological.
CHAPTER VIII. MAGNETISM.
I. NATURAL MAGNETS.
i.
2.
3.
II. ARTIFICIAL MAGNETS.
Poles.
Power.
Armature.
| J;
needles>
III. PROPERTIES OF THE MAGNET.
IV. LAW OF ATTRACTION.
1. Attraction.
2. Polarity.
3. Magnetic variation.
4. Magnetic Dip.
5. Compass.
( Magnetic attraction decreases in intensity as
< the square of the distance from the magnet
( increases.
86
TREASURY OF FACTS.
VIII. THE PRODUC-
TION OF ARTIFI-
CIAL MAGNETS.
V. LAW OF POLARITY. Like poles of magnets repel each other, and
unlike poles attract each other.
VI. THEORY OF MAGNETISM.
VII. TERRESTRIAL MAGNETISM. Magnetic intensity.
' I . By Induction.
2. By the Sun's rays. f i. Magnets in needles.
3. By Contact with a Mag- I 2. In Horseshoes.
net. 1 3. In Bars.
[4. By Electric currents. [4. With currents.
1. Effect of electrical currents.
2. Connection between electricity and magnet-
ism.
3. Electro-magnetic rotation.
4. Effect of electric currents upon Steel and
Soft Iron. (i. Magnetizing power of the
5. The Helix. \ Helix.
( 2. Electro-magnets.
6. Electro-magnetism as a power.
i
7. Electro-magnetic telegraph.
8. Electro-magnetic clocks. [ 3.
9. Electro-magnetic Fire Alarms.
[ 10. The Helix a magnet.
X. ELECTRICITY. Magnets.
XI. DlAMAGNETISM.
IX. ELECTRO-MAG-
NETISM.
Morse's.
House &
Bain's.
Submarine.
CHAPTER IX. ASTRONOMY.
I. FUNDAMENTAL FACTS.
II. THE SOLAR SYS-
TEM.
I. The Sun.
1. Space is filled with worlds, etc.
2. These are divided into systems.
3. The Stars are Suns.
4. Some have satellites.
5. The Earth is a planet.
f i. Solar spots.
2. Constitution of the sun.
3. Motions of the sun.
{ 4. The Zodiacal light.
( i. The Orbits of the Planets.
2. The Planets. < 2. Bode's Law.
( 3. Kepler's Laws :
ist Law. The Orbits of the planets are ellipses
having one focus in common, and in this com-
mon the sun is situated.
-id Law. The radius Vector of a planet passes
over equal areas in equal times.
3</ Law. The squares of the planet's times of
revolution around the sun, are proportioned to
the cubes of their distances from the sun.
The Planets \ ^' ^ ea " anc * apparent motions of
' / planets.
2.
NATURAL PHILOSOPHY.
i. Quadrature.
w
tfl
H
fS. The Aspect of the on "
Planets. ' T?Sts
[ 5. Occultation.
I.Mercury, f i. Its Motions.
2. Venus. j 2. Its Orbit.
3. The Earth. 3 " Horizon, Zenith and Nadir.
j 4. Eclipse.
5. Zodiac.
[ 6. Change of Seasons.
Si. Size.
2. Motions.
3. Phases.
6. The Planets
themselves.
6. The Asteroids.
7. Jupiter.
8. Saturn.
9. Uranus.
10. Neptune. , ^a ,
11. Real and apparent po- '5*
f Re-
sition of these Heavenly 2 Effects of Par .
I M H 1 1L S. , , i f , ti
12. Eclipses. J1-2JSK: ^ allax -
( 2. Ot Moon.
(i. Constitutions.
2. Orbits.
3. Velocity.
Fixed Stars,
Galaxy.
Nebula.
-i*
(3-
4. Number.
Magnitudes.
Constellations.
Distances from the earth.
CHAPTER X. METEOROLOGY.
I. THE WIND
( I. Velocity,
Kinds.
II. ATMOSPHERIC MOISTURE.
1. Constant.
2. Periodical.
3. Variable.
1. Fog.
2. Clouds. \
3. Dew.
4. Rain.
5. Snow.
6. Hail.
i\. Hurricanes.
2. Tornadoes.
3. Waterspouts.
1. Nimbus.
2. Cumulus.
3. Cirrus.
4. Stratus.
SECTION XV.
MENTAL PHILOSOPHY.
CHAPTER I. EMPIRICAL PSYCHOLOGY.
I. THE ATTAINMENT OF FACTS.
^ i. Fix the attention upon a fact.
< 2. Compare facts.
( 3. Analyze Complex facts.
i. Facts must come within Con-
II. FINAL RULE FOR DISPUTED FACTS.
III. CLASSIFICATION
OF FACTS.
, The general facts
of the mind.
2. Original facts
of the mind.
sciousness.
2. The decision must be general.
3. It must be unbiassed.
1. The existence of the
mind.
2. This existence not ideal.
3. The conscious identity
through change.
4. The mind self-active.
5. Discriminates itself from
its objects.
1. Sensation.
2. Consciousness.
f i. Intellectu-
3. Capacity for | al state,
knowing, feel- I 2. Emotional
ing and will- j state.
ing. I 3. Willing
state.
CHAPTER II. INTELLECT.
Observation.
I SENSE \ '' ExternaL \ 2. Attention.
1. or.-SM-.. \ i
( 2. Internal. Fancy.
1. Memory.
2. Conception.
3. Association.
4. Abstraction.
5. Reflection.
6. Judgment.
II. UNDERSTANDING.
1. Analytical.
2. Synthetical.
3. Categorical.
4. Hypothetical.
5. Disjunctive.
MENTAL PHILOSOPHY.
8 9
II. UNDERSTANDING.
III. REASON.
( i. Major Premises.
7. Deductive. < 2. Minor Premises.
( 3. Conclusion.
Si. Minor Premises.
2. Major Premises.
3. Conclusion.
[9. Imagination.
1. Modifies sense and understanding.
2. Comprehends nature by the Supernatural.
3. Attains its own ideal of perfection.
[4. Inspires Fancy and Imagination.
I. ANIMAL.
II. RATIONAL.
III. SPIRITUAL
CHAPTER III. SUSCEPTIBILITY.
r i. Instinct.
2. Appetite.
< 3. Natural affections.
4. Selfishness.
5. Disinterestedness.
1. Esthetic Emotions.
2. Scientific Emotions.
3. Ethical Emotions.
4. Conscience.
5. Theistic Emotions.
1 . The process by which induced.
2. Distinctions in spiritual sentiment.
1. Ethical.
2. Religious.
3. Christian.
4. Sentimen t s
of Love.
3. Union of responsibility with spiritual sentiment.
CHAPTER IV. THE WILL.
I. COMPLETE CONCEPTIONS
OF CAPACITY FOR WILL-
ING.
I. Different Con-
ceptions.
2. What are complete
conceptions of the
will.
f i. Capacity for prefer-
ence.
2. Capacity to choose
what is agreeable.
3. Power of self-deter-
mination.
4. Power to choose hap-
piness.
5. Will is purely spon-
taneous.
1. An act of the will
must have its end.
2. Must have an al-
ternate kind.
3. Must be an end
in the Reason.
TREASURY OF FACTS.
II. EXERCISE OF CAPAC-
ITY FOR WILLING.
III. DISCRIMINATION OF
ACTS OF THE WILL.
IV. CLASSIFICATIONS OF
ACTS OF THE WILL.
1. Conscious responsibility.
2. Distinction between Brute and Human 'will.
3. Man discriminates his own.
4. Reciprocal complacency stands in liberty.
5. Power to resist constitutional nature.
i 6. Individual Consciousnesss. \ ' -^ - 1VI ua , "
1. From Spontaneity.
2. From impulse of Appetite.
From Desire.
From Spiritual Affections.
Immanent preference.
2. For governing purposes.
3. For desultory volitions.
CHAPTER V. THE MIND CAN ATTAIN ITS END.
I. CONCEPTION OF CAUSALITY.
1. Occasional causes.
2. Sufficient reasons.
3. Habitual repetition.
4. Invariable succession.
II. TRUE CONCEPTIONS OF CAUSE.
III. CLASSIFICATION OF CAUSES.
IV. GROUNDS OF CERTAINTY.
5. Causality only regulates conceptions
in our minds.
1. Simple succession.
2. Qualified cause.
3. Mechanical cause.
4. Physical cause.
5. Vital cause.
6. Spontaneous cause.
i. Negative, j J" Chance '
Positive.
Possible.
2. Fate.
i. Individual necessity.
Absolute necessity.
Physical necessity.
4. Hypothetical necessity.
. 4. Applications of certainty.
1. Absolute necessity.
2. Physical necessity.
V. NATURAL INABILITY. \ 3. Hypothetical necessity.
4. Strong desire.
5. Balanced desires.
VI. THE MIND AN AGENT.
f i. Man as an animal agent.
I 2. "
I*
Man as a rational agent.
Combination of rational and animal.
4. Objections to liberty of Will.
,r . , ( i. Capable of determining law.
t i. Natural com- \ ^ * , ,
VII. COMPETENCY) p e tency.
OF THE MIND. J
2. Moral competency.
2. Capable of obeying law.
3. When wrong can change.
SECTION XVI.
I. WATER, -i
CHEMISTRY.
CHAPTER I. LIQUID AND AERIFORM MATTER.
' i. Colorless.
2. Transparent.
3. Tasteless.
4. Inodorous.
1. Hydrogen. \ 5. Weighty.
6. Compressible.
7. Inflammable.
8. Has Heat.
9. Explosive,
f i. Colorless.
2. Transparent.
3. Tasteless.
2. Oxygen. J 4. Inodorous.
5. Has Weight.
6. Inflammable.
7. Promotes the burning of other bodies.
3. Common water, or
water as commonly \
found.
1. It is impure.
2. It dissolves other substances.
3. It dissolves Air.
L. It dissolves Gases.
5. Impure water.
II. THE ATMOSPHERE.
I. Nitrogen.
2.
f i. Rain water.
J 2. Spring water.
3. River water.
4. Mineral water.
6. To purify ( i. By Distillation.
water. \ 2. By Refrigeration.
" i. Colorless.
2. Tasteless.
3. Inodorous.
4. Weighty.
5. Harmless.
6. Its absence causes death.
Water vapor.
' i. Colorless.
2. Weighty.
3. Will extinguish fire.
4. Will extinguish life.
5. It is soluble.
6. It is found in solution every-
where.
7. Is in Soda Water.
3. Dioxide.
9 2
TREASURY OF FACTS.
II. THE ATMOSPHERE.
4. Oxygen.
5. // z's a mixture of-
58. Is in Seltzer Water.
9. Is a compound , ^ Qxygen
1. airless. I 2'. Carbon.'
2. Transparent.
3. Tasteless.
4. Inodorous.
5. Weighty, etc. (See page 91.)
f i. Oxygen.
2. Nitrogen.
3. Water Vapor.
[4. Dioxide.
6. Combustion. \ ' T - ea .'
( 2. Light.
f i. Nitrogen.
2. Oxygen.
3. Water Vapor.
4. Carbonic Dioxide.
" i. Nitrogen.
2. Oxygen.
3. Water Vapor.
4. Carbonic Diox-
ide.
5. Other offensive
impurities.
7.
ration.
i. Inhalation.
2. Exhalation.
3. Ventilation.
CHAPTER II. PLANTS.
I. COMPOSITION.
i. Nitrogen.
2. Oxygen.
3. Hydrogen.
4. Carbon.
II. GROWTH OF PLANTS.
III. SUBSTANCE OF
PLANTS.
1. Infusibility.
2. Insoluble.
3. Absorption.
4. Durability.
5. Combustible.
6. Inflammable.
7. Charcoal.
8. Graphite.
9. Diamonds.
1. Root.
2. Stem.
3. Leaves.
4. Necessary elements.
i. Carbon.
2. Hydrogen.
I 3- Oxygen.
[ 4. Nitrogen.
,~ , i i. Liquid food.
5. Food. J 2 Q^eousfood.
6. Circulation of plants.
f i. Tasteless.
I 2. Insoluble.
Cellulose. < 3. Is found in trunks of trees.
4. Is found in straw and stalks of
I grain.
CHEMISTRY.
93
III. SUBSTANCE OF
PLANTS.
1. Cellulose.
2. Starch.
3. Sugar.
4. Gum.
5. Oils.
6. Chlorophyl.
1-5. Is found in the skin, seeds and
core of fruits.
6. Is found in the Bran of Corn and
Wheat.
7. Is found in the framework of leaves.
8. Is Combustible.
1. Peat.
2. Bituminous Coal.
IV. DECAY OF PLANTS. Decomposition. \ 3. Anthracite Coal.
( i. Naphtha.
4. Petroleum. 1 2. Kerosene.
1 . Charcoal. ( 3. Asphaltum.
2. Wood Tar.
V. EFFECT OF HEAT
ON WOOD.
i. Acetic Acid.
3. Pyroligneous Acid. I 2. Creosote.
( 3. Wood-Spirit.
' i. Marsh Gas.
2. OlefiantGas,
or fire-damp.
4. Gases. { f I
3. Illuminat-
ing Gases.
From Wood.
1. Ammonia.
2. Coal Tar.
3. Car b o 1 i c
2. From 1 Acid.
Coal. I 4. Benzole.
5. Nitro-Ben-
zole.
6. Analine.
CHAPTER III. SOLIDS. ETC.
. Carbonic Dioxide.
II. SANDSTONE
III. SLATE.
IV. GRANITE.
U:
Oxygen.
Silicon. J
I. Silicia.
l. Alumina.
1. Amethyst.
2. Opal.
3. Chrysoprase.
4. Jasper.
5. Agate.
6. Onyx.
7. Chalcedony.
8. Carnelian.
Oxygen.
Aluminum.
1. Silicon.
2. Aluminum.
3. Calcium.
4. Oxygen.
5. Potassium. I. Potash.
6. Sodium.
,7. Magnesium.
94
TREASURY OF FACTS.
V. SOILS
tt
Mineral.
Organic.
1. Silicia.
2. Lime.
3. Magnesia.
4. Potash.
5. Soda.
6. Oxide of iron.
7. Sulphuric acid.
8. Phosphoric acid.
I. CHLORINE.
II. BROMINE.
III. IODINE.
CHAPTER IV. ELEMENTS.
1. Has color.
2. Is odorous.
3. Has weight.
4. Is soluble.
5. // has attraction for Hydrogen.
6. It removes color.
7. // is a disinfectant.
8. // has attraction for metals.
Liquid.
Bromides.
1. Solid.
2. Soluble, j M ercuric-Iodide.
3. Iodides.
U:
IV. SULPHUR. i. Sulphides.
f i. Sulphide of Iron.
I 2. Galena.
J 3. Sulphurous Oxide.
4. Sulphuric Acid.
5. Sulphurous Acid. (i. Color.
6. Sulphuretted Hydrogen. | 2. Combus-
V. PHOSPHOROUS. i. Phosphates.
tibility.
For
Matches.
VI. ARSENIC.
< i. Soh'd.
\ 2. Arsenous Oxide.
VII. IRON.
6.
VIII. COPPER.
Calcic Phosphate.
Phosphoric Oxide.
Phosphoric Acid.
1. Colorless.
2. Soluble.
3. Tasteless.
4. Inodorous
5. Poisonous.
6. Arseniuretted Hydrogen,
p. i. Magnetic. Lodestone.
Hematite. r,. Carbon.
j 2. Silicon.
Phosphorous.
Sulphur.
1. Copper Pyrites.
2. Malachite.
3. Smelting. ( i. Brass.
4. Uses for Alloys. \ 2. Bronze.
3. German Silver.
2.
3. Carbonate of Iron.
4. Cast-Iron.
5. Malleable Iron.
f. <;**! I
CHEMISTRY.
95
IX. ZINC.
X. TIN.
XI. LEAD.
XII. MERCURY.
drargyrum.)
{I. Blende.
2. Red Oxide.
3. Smithsonite. C
4. Properties. <
i. Tin Stone. ,
2. Properties. \ 2 '
3. Alloys. ] J;
r i. Galena.
2. Properties. \
i. Color.
2. Weight.
3. Brittleness.
Brilliant.
Malleability.
Pewter.
Britannia.
i. Color.
2. Malleability.
?. Weifht.
[4. Poisonous.
3. Alloys. Type metal.
.-TT ( i. Cinnabar.
v n y~ J 2. Properties.
3. Liquid metal.
XIII. SILVER.
XIV. GOLD.
1. Sulphide.
2. Properties.,
1. Color.
2. Weight.
3. Malleable.
4-
1. Color.
2. Weight.
3. C o m-
pounds.
The whitest metal.
Malleable.
Ductile.
s:
Cor r o s i v e
Sublimate.
Calomel.
CHAPTER V. CHEMICAL ATTRACTION.
I. First Law. Every compound is always made up of the same elements,
and always of the same proportion, by weight, of the elements.
II. Second Law. If one substance combines with another in more than
one proportion, these proportions are always multiples of the combining
weight.
SECTION XVII.
GOVERNMENTAL SCIENCE.
CHAPTER I. PRINCIPLES OF GOVERNMENT.
I. RIGHTS OF
PERSONS.
r. Absolute.
2. Relative.
i. Public.
2. Private.
II. RIGHTS OF
THINGS.
I. Real things.
2. Persona/
things.
1 . Of personal security.
2. Of personal liberty.
3. Of private property.
1. To establish a government.
2. To share in the government.
3. To be protected by the gov-
ernment.
4. Of Aliens.
5. Of Citizens.
!i. Master and Servant.
2. Husband and Wife.
3. Parent and Child.
4. Guardian and Ward.
' i. Gained by Occu-
pancy.
2. Gained by Custom.
3. Gained by Succes-
sion.
4. Gained by Mar-
riage.
5. Gained by Judg-
ment.
6. Gained by Grant.
7. Gained by Con-
tract.
8. Gained by Testa-
ment.
9. Gained by Admin-
istration.
1. Kinds.
2. Tenures.
3. Estates.
[4. Titles.
1. Their distribution.
2. Property in them.
\. Title to them.
CHAPTER II. KINDS OF GOVERNMENT.
I. MONARCHICAL.
II. ARISTOCRATIC.
III. DEMOCRATIC.
IV. PATRIARCHAL.
1. Absolute.
2. Limited.
3. Hereditary.
4. Elective.
1. Democracy.
2. Republican.
GOVERNMENTAL SCIENCE.
97
CHAPTER III. STATE GOVERNMENTS.
1. Nature.
2. Convention.
L CONSTITUTION. -j 3. Adoption.
4. Amendments.
L$. The Value.
f i. Age.
2. Sex.
3. Residence.
II. ELECTORS. <( 4. Aliens.
5. Criminals.
6. 7<//0Ay.
(.7. C<7/0r.
1. When held.
2. Officers.
3. Voting.
4. Challenging.
5. Registration.
6. Canvassing.
7. Plurality.
8. Majority.
, I. Legislature.
III. ELECTIONS.
IV. DIVISIONS OF
GOVERNMENT.
2. Meetings of
Legislature.
i. Senate.
*i. How composed.
2. Qualifications of
members.
3. Terms.
4. Appointment.
5. Salary.
f i. How composed.
2. Qualifications of
members.
3. Terms.
Legislature, j 4. Appointment.
or Assembly. 5. Census.
6. Vacancy.
7. Salary.
8. Privilege of
members.
Time.
Place.
I
- 3. Enacting laws.
V. STATE OFFICERS. i. Governor.
Organization.
Officers.
Quorum.
Interruption.
1. Rules.
2. Governor's message.
3. Introduction of Bills.
4. Committees.
5. Bills, etc.
6. Readings.
7. Passage.
8. Concurrence of both Houses.
9. Veto.
10. Time of taking effect.
11. Different manners of becoming
law.
1. Qualifications.
2. Term of service.
9 8
TREASURY OF FACTS.
V. STATE OFFICERS.
1. Governor. 3. Powers.
2. Lieutenant-Governor.
VI. COUNTY OFFICERS.-
VII. TOWNSHIP OFFICERS.
1. Executive Powers.
2. Legislative Powers.
3. Judicial Powers.
4. Appointing Power.
3. Secretary of State.
4. State Comptroller.
5. State Treasurer.
6. Attorney-General.
j. Superintendent of Public Instruction.
8. Surveyor-General.
9. Auditor -General.
10. State Printer.
1 1 . State Librarian.
1 . Necessity for counties.
2. Corporations.
3. Commissioners.
4. Treasurer.
5. Recorder.
6. Sheriff.
7. Coroner.
8. District- Attorney.
9. Surveyor.
10. Superintendent of )
Schools.
' i. Chief officer.
2. Treasurer.
3. Clerk.
4. Constables.
5. Supervisors.
6. School Directors.
7. Overseers of Poor.
8. Assessors.
9. Collectors.
i. Necessity for Incorporating.
f i. Mayor.
1. Qualifications.
2. Manner of election.
3. Length of term.
4. Salary.
VIII. CITIES AND TOWNS 2 . Charter, t I. City.
IX. TAXES.
1. Necessity for.
2. Assessment.
3. Exonerations.
4. Apportionment.
. Collection.
j 2. Charter, c I.
[3. Officers. J
%2. Aldermen.
3. Councilmen.
4. Police.
1. Burgess.
2. Councilmen.
3. Minor officers.
X. EDUCATION.
1. Necessity for a system.
2. Object of the system.
3. Appropriation for schools.
4. Districts for schools.
5. Superintendent of schools.
6. Common schools.
7. Higher grades.
GOVERNMENTAL SCIENCE.
99
X. EDUCATION.
8. Academies.
9. Colleges.
XI. PUBLIC INSTI-
TUTIONS.
XII. MILITIA.
10. Normal schools,
f I. Asylums.
2. Aims-Houses.
3. Hospitals. ( i. Jails.
4. Prisons. 1 2. Work-Houses.
5. Railroads. ( 3. Penitentiaries.
6. Canals.
1. Organization.
2. How composed.
3. Commanders.
4. Training of.
5. Volunteers.
I. JUDICIAL.
I. Courts.
CHAPTER IV. JUDICIAL AND EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENTS
OF GOVERNMENT.
1. Necessity for.
2. Supreme.
3. Circuit.
4. Justices'.
5. Probate.
6. Chancery.
7. Common Pleas,
8. Quarter Sessions.
9. Police. f i. Whom.
2. Term.
3. Salary.
[ 4. How appointed.
1. Impeachment.
2. Trial.
3. Ordinary proceedings.
4. Parties.
5. Summons.
6. Pleadings.
7. Jury.
8. Trial.
9. Verdict.
10. Judgment.
11. Appeal.
12. Execution.
10. Officers.
2. Legal Pro-
ceedings.
\ i. Against Property.
<2.
3. Criminal Proceedings.
Against Persons.
1. Indictment.
2. Arrest and Bail.
3. Examination.
4. Habeas Corpus.
5. Trial.
i. In Probate Courts.
.-., ,. I 2. In Special Courts.
4. Other Proceedings. ^ In ^ uity Coufts
[4. In Argument Courts.
IOO
TREASURY OF FACTS.
II. EXECUTIVE.
1. Execute the laws.
2. Appoint Officers.
3. Pardon Criminals.
4. Commander-in-Chief.
CHAPTER V. UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT.
f I. The Continental Congress.
2. Difficulties.
3. Taxes.
4. Duties.
5. Discord among the States. ,
6. Convention to amend. j '
. 7. Adoption of the Constitution.
i. THE CONFED-
ERATION.
og
' % '
First Division of Federal Government Legislative.
II. THE FED-
ERAL GOV-
ERNMENT.
I. Consti-
tution.
1. Preamble.
2. Division in-
to Houses. 1
i. House of
Represen-
tatives.
1. Members.
2. Qua 1 i fi c a-
tions.
3. Number.
4. Apportion-
2. Senate.
2. Powers to tax.
Regulation
Commerce.
ment.
5. Salary.
6. Freedom
from arrest.
1. Character. -
2. Number of
members.
3. Qualifications.
4. Election.
5. Term.
6. Salary.
Officers.
Impeachment.
Meetings.
Rules.
Liberty of speech.
6. Bills.
7. Veto.
1 . Necessity for taxing.
2. Manner of taxing.
3. Object of taxing.
4. Uniform system.
5. Can borrow money.
1. Nature of regulation.
2. Protection.
3. Collection of Duties.
4. Registry of Vessels.
Congress in gen-
eral.
GOVERNMENTAL SCIENCE.
IOI
II. THE FED-
ERAL GOV-
ERNMENT.
5. Clearance and Equity
Regulation of}6. Navigation Laws.
Commerce. \ 7. Among the States.
18.
4. Powers relating
to Peace.
5. Powers relat-
ing to War.
6. Constitutional
Prohibitions.
Among the Indians.
1. To naturalize Aliens.
2. To pass Bankrupt Laws.
3. To coin Money.
4. To regulate Weights and Meas-
ures.
5. To establish Post-Offices.
6 To protect) j p
Inventors and 2> copyrights.
Authors. )
7. To establish courts.
8. To punish Piracy.
9. To punish offences against the
laws of nations.
10. Rights over the District of Co-
lumbia.
1. To declare war.
2. To grant Letters of Marque, etc.
3. Powers over captures.
4. Powers to raise and maintain an
Army and Navy.
5. To call out the militia.
v. As to Taxes.
2. As to Commerce.
3. Suspension of Ha-
beas Corpus.
4. Bills of Attainder.
5. Ex post Facto laws.
6. Titles of Nobility.
7. Can't pay money un-
less appropriated.
8. Officers can't wear ti-
tles of honor from for-
eign nations.
f i. As to Taxes.
2. As to forming agree-
ments with other States
and nations.
3. As to War.
4. As to Money.
5. As to Bills of Attain-
der.
6. As to Ex post Facto
laws.
7. As to impair contracts.
8. As to titles of nobil-
ity.
i. On the
United
States.
2. On the
States.
IO2
TREASURY OF FACTS.
Second Division of Federal Government Executive.
I. THE PRESIDENT.
1. Qualifications.
2. Manner of election.
3. Length of term.
4. Vacancy.
5. Salary.
( i. By Electors.
\ 2. By the House.
1. Commander-in-Chief.
2. To grant Reprieves and Pardons.
3. To form Treaties.
4. To appoint Ministers.
5. To appoint Consuls.
6. To appoint Judges.
6. Powers. \ 7. To appoint other Officers.
8. To fill Vacancies.
9. To remove Officers.
10. To convene Congress.
11. To receive foreign Ministers.
12. To execute the laws.
13. To deliver an Annual Message.
' i. Secretary of State.
2. Secretary of Treasury.
3. Secretary of Interior.
7. His Cabinet. \ 4. Secretary of War.
5. Secretary of Navy.
6. Attorney -General.
7. Postmaster-General.
Third Division of Federal Government Judicial.
I. COURTS. \
II. CRIMES.
i. Cases arising under Constitution and
6. Jurisdictio n \ Treaties.
in general. 1 2. Cases affecting Foreigners.
[ 3. Cases between different States.
" i. Treason.
2. Punishment.
3. Piracy.
4. Perjury.
5. Counterfeiting.
6. Forgery.
7. Mail robbery.
8. Slave holding.
9. Intimidating persons from exercising their Civil and Po-
litical rights.
GOVERNMENTAL SCIENCE.
103
IV. MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS
OF THE CONSTITUTION.
1. Privileges of Citizens.
2. Pertaining to Fugitive Criminals.
3. Relating to new States.
4. Relating to Territories.
5. State Protection.
V. SUPREMACY OF THE NATIONAL LAW, OATH OF ALLEGIANCE, AND
TEST OATH.
f i. Freedom of Religion.
Art. I. Constitution- \ 2. Freedom of Speech.
al Amendments. 1 3. Freedom of Press.
[ 4. Right of Petition.
Art. II. Right to keep arms.
Art. III. Quartering of Soldiers.
Art. IV. Search Warrants.
Art. V. and VI. Criminal Proceedings.
Art. VII. Trial by Jury.
Art. VIII. Excessive punishment.
Art. IX. Rights, of people, not named.
Art. X. Powers reserved to States.
Art. XL Suits against States.
Art. XII. Election of President and Vice-Pres-
ident.
Art. XIII. Abolition of Slavery.
' i. Apportionment .of Representa-
VI. CONSTITUTIO N A L
AMENDMENTS.
Art. XIV.
tives.
2. Political Disabilities.
3. Public Debt.
4. Powers of Congress.
L 5. Civil Rights.
Art. XV. Right of suffrage for freedmen.
CHAPTER VI. PRINCIPLES OF LAW.
First. MUNICIPAL LAW.
I. CIVIL RIGHTS.
i. Absolute.
2. Relative
U:
Slander.
Libel.
Public.
Private.
II. CONTRACT
I 1 '
Powers of persons to
contract.
Personal security.
Personal liberty.
Private property.
1. Duties of Parents.
2. Rights of Parents.
3. Rights of Children.
4. Apprentices.
5. Master and Servant
6. Husband and Wife.
1. Infancy.
2. Lunacy.
3. Married women.
4. Assent of parties.
IO4
TREASURY OF FACTS.
II. CONTRACT.
I. Powers of persons to
contract.
2. Marriage Contract.
III. PRINCIPAL AND AGENT.
IV. PARTNERSHIP.
V. SALE OF PROPERTY.
VI. FRAUDULENT TRANSFER.
5. Consideration.
6. Fraud and force.
7. Imperishable Contracts.
8. Illegal Contracts.
9. Written Contracts.
10. Limitations to Contracts.
11. Remedies to Contracts.
1. Relationship.
2. Lunacy.
3. Fraud.
4. Force.
5. Ceremony.
6. Bigamy.
7. Wife's property.
8. Dower.
9. Support.
10. Divorce.
1. Who is agent.
2. Acts of agent.
3. Wrongs of agent.
4. Agent's duty to principal.
5. Irresponsibility to third party.
6. Commission Agent.
[ 7. Brokers.
f i. Acts of either partner.
2. Secret Partners.
3. Transfer of interest.
4. Terms of partnership.
5. Notice when dissolved.
6. Limited Partnership.
7. Rights of Partners.
1 . There must be property.
2. There must be an agreement.
3. There must be a Delivery.
4. There must be a Contract.
5. Void without a Title.
6. Title Warranted.
fi. Gifts.
2. Creditors' rights.
3. Record of Mortgages.
4. Transfer of property to Creditors.
i. Use of Bills.
Promissory Notes.
Bills of Exchange.
VII. BILLS AND NOTES.
3. Bills of Contract. <
4. Interest on notes. \
5. Time of payment.
6. Days of grace.
7. Indorser liable.
2. Acceptance.
3. Checks.
4. Drafts.
5. Endorsement.
1. Negotiable.
2. Can't be transferred
without consent, after
maturity.
GOVERNMENTAL SCIENCE.
105
VII. BILLS AND NOTES
VIII. SERVICES
8. Demand must be made.
9. Indorser must be notified.
1. Hotel keepers.
2. Ordinary laborers.
3. Common Carriers.
1. Fire.
2. Marine.
IX. INSURANCE. \ 3. Life.
4. Several Policies.
5. False representations.
f i. Bill of lading.
I 2. Goods destroyed to save balance.
1 3. Salvage.
[ 4. Authority of ship-master.
< i. Rate.
\ 2. Usury.
i. Fee Simple.
2. Estate for life.
3. Contingent Estate.
4. Leased Estates.
5. Estates in trust.
6. Deeds and Mortgages.
1. Responsible
to Persons.
2. Responsible
for Property.
X. SHIPPING.
XI. INTEREST.
XII. REAL ESTATE.
. 7. Appurtenances.
XIII. LANDLORD AND TENANT.
1. A Deed.
2. A Mortgage.
3. Delivery.
4. Recording.
5. Acknowledgment.
6. Foreclosure.
r. Rights over highway.
2. Rights over streams.
3. Rights of way.
4. Rights of party walls.
5. Forfeiture of rights.
1. Lease.
2. Rent.
3. Distribution of property.
4. Removal of tenant.
5. Sale of property.
XIV. WILLS.
6. Repairs.
7. Crops.
8. Tenant may re-rent.
9. Notice to yield up premises.
Pi. Who can make them.
2. Must be according to law.
3. How revoked.
[4. Codicil.
XV. DISTRIBUTION OF PROPERTY WITHOUT WILLS
U:
Personal.
Real Estate.
Second. CRIMINAL LAW AND CRIMES.
1. What constitutes a crime.
2. Laws in different States.
3. Capital punishment.
4. Treason.
5. Murder.
6. Arson.
7. Manslaughter.
8. Burglary.
9. Robbery.
10. Larceny.
11. Embezzlement.
12. Forgery.
io6
TREASURY OF FACTS.
13. Perjury.
14. Minor offences.
1 5. Principals in crime.
1 6. Accessories.
17. Arrests.
1 8. Punishments.
Third. INTERNATIONAL LAW.
Sovereignty.
Dependent on each other.
Law of Nations.
Origin of law.
9. Rules of Peace.
10. Rules for War.
II. Rights and Duties of
Belligerents.
12. Rights and Duties of
Neutrals.
5. Enforcement of law.
6. Arbitration.
7. Treaties.
8. Observance, how enforced.
1. Jurisdiction.
2. Relation to travellers.
3. Relation to Criminals.
4. Not to interfere with others' affairs.
5. To protect the weaker.
6. Not to make treaties to infringe on others' rights.
7. Ambassadors.
8. Consuls.
9. Reprisals.
10. Embargo.
f i. Cause for war.
2. Object.
3. Arbitration.
4. Treaties of Alliance.
1. To cease intercourse.
2. To notify strangers to leave.
3. To use instruments of death.
4. To rights, etc., of Prisoners.
5. Must protect non-combatants.
6. Duties, etc., relating to civil war.
7. War at Sea.
8. Regulations regarding privateering.
9. Regulations relating to Prizes.
10. Relating to time.
u. Relating to the Treaty.
1. Must remain Neutral.
2. Must prevent Privateering.
3. May continue to trade.
4. Regarding Contraband.
5. Must submit to search.
6. Must regard the Blockade.
SECTION XVIII.
I. DEFINITION.
II. NUMBERS.
ARITHMETIC.
CHAPTER I. FUNDAMENTAL RULES, ETC.
1. Problem.
2. Solution.
3. Explanation.
4. Principle.
5. Example.
6. Analysis.
7. Rule.
8. Unit.
9. Number.
10. Figure.
1. Concrete.
2. Abstract.
3. Prime.
4. Composite.
5. Integers.
6. Fractions.
7. Mixed.
8. Similar.
9. Dissimilar.
10. Simple.
u. Compound.
12. Denominate.
< i. Simple.
f*
Compound.
1. Write by Words.
2. Write by Figures.
3. Write by Letters.
4. Order of Units.
pi. NOTATION AND
NUMERATION.
5. Value.
r i.
6. Period.
2.
7. Principles.
3*
.8. Rule.
4
5-
IV. ROMAN
TATION.
NO-
Characters.
Letters.
Principles.
Ten units of any order make
one of the next higher.
Removing a figure one place to
the left, increases its value.
Removing a figure one place to
the right diminishes its value.
4. The name and value of a figure
depends upon the place it occupies.
5. The absence of a figure or fig-
ures is denoted by ciphers.
Repeating a letter repeats its value.
A letter placed before one of great-
j er value, their difference is required.
I 3. A letter placed after one of greater
L value, their sum is required.
fi
io8
TREASURY OF FACTS.
IV. ROMAN
TATION.
NO-
V. ADDITION.
ri. Terms,
2. Cases
3. Principles.
VI. SUBTRACTION.
4. A letter between two of greater
value, the difference between it and
their sum is required.
5. A Dash over a letter increases the
value one thousand fold.
1. Addends.
2. Sum.
1. When the sum is less than Ten.
2. When the sum is greater than Ten.
1. Only similar numbers can be added.
2. Only units of like orders can be added.
3. The sum is equal to all the parts.
4. The sum diminished by one or more
parts is equal to all the other parts.
( I. Addition (Plus).
4. Signs. J 2. Equality.
5. Rule. ( 3. Dollars.
.6. Proof._ { i. Minuend.
2. Subtrahend.
3. Difference or Remainder.
When all the figures in the Minuend
are greater than the corresponding fig-
ures in the Subtrahend.
When one or more figures of the Min-
uend are less than the corresponding
figures in the Subtrahend.
1. Only similar numbers can be
subtracted.
2. Only units of like orders can be
subtracted.
3. Subtraction is the reverse of Addi-
tion.
4. The Minuend equals the Subtra-
hend Plus the Remainder.
5. The Subtrahend equals the Minu-
end Minus the Remainder.
6. The Remainder equals the Minu-
end Minus the Subtrahend.
Of Subtraction (Minus).
Of Equality.
Of Dollars.
i. Terms.
2. Cases.
3. Principles.
Signs. < 3.
Rule. I 4. The Parenthesis.
6. Proof. \ 5. The Vinculum.
' i. Multiplicand.
Terms. \ 2. Multiplier.
VII. MULTIPLICATION.
i.
2. Cases.
2.
3. Product.
1. When the Multiplier contains one
figure.
2. When the Multiplier contains more
than one figure. .
3. To multiply by factors.
4. When the Multiplier has ciphers to
the right.
ARITHMETIC.
3. Principles.
VII. MULTIPLICATION.
VIII. DIVISION.
I. Terms.
2. Cases.
1. The Multiplicand may be either
a Concrete or an Abstract
Number.
2. The Multiplier is always an
abstract number.
3. The Product is like the Multi-
plicand.
4. The Product is numerically the
same in whichever order the
terms are multiplied.
5. Multiplication is a concise
method of Addition.
6. The Multiplicand equals the
Product divided by the Multi-
plier.
7. The Multiplier equals the Pro-
duct divided by the Multipli-
cand.
8. The Product equals the Mul-
tiplicand into the Multiplier.
(i. Of Multiplication.
2. Of Equality.
3. Of Dollars.
4. The Parenthesis.
5. The Vinculum.
{i. Dividend.
2. Divisor.
3. Quotient.
4. Remainder.
1. To Divide when the divisor contains only
one figure (Short Division).
2. To Divide when the divisor contains more
than one figure (Long Division).
3. To Divide into equal parts.
4. To Divide by factors.
5. To Divide when there are ciphers to the
right of the divisor.
' i. Division is a concise method of Sub-
traction.
2. Division is the reverse of Multiplica-
tion.
3. The Dividend and Divisor must be
similar or abstract numbers.
4. The Quotient is an abstract number.
5. The Remainder is like the true Divi-
dend.
6. The Dividend equals the Divisor into
the Quotient plus the Remainder.
7. The Divisor equals the Dividend
minus the Remainder divided by the
Quotient.
8. The Quotient equals the Dividend
divided by the Divisor.
Principles
J ? '
1 10
TREASURY OF FACTS.
VIII. DIVISION.
r 3. Principles.
4. Signs.
5. Rule.
1 6. /v/:
9. Increase the Divisor diminishes the
Quotient.
10. Diminish the Divisor increases the
[ Quotient.
If Of Division.
2. Of Equality.
3. Of Dollars.
4. Parenthesis.
. Vinculum.
I. DECIMAL
FRACTIONS.
CHAPTER II. DECIMAL FRACTIONS.
ii. Point.
2. Tenths.
3. Hundredths, etc.
1. Pure.
2. Mixed.
2. Kinds. \ 3. Complex.
4. Circulating.
5. Pure Repetend.
1. Changing the Point toward the right
multiplies the Decimal.
2. Changing the Point towards the left
divides the Decimal.
3. Placing a cipher between the Point and
Decimal divides the Decimal.
4. The Point always belongs between the
Decimal and the Integer.
5. Ciphers to the right of a Decimal do not
affect the value.
Decimals to common fractions.
Common fractions to Decimals.
Point.
3. Principles.
4. Reduction. \
5. Addition.
(
6. Subtraction. \
( *
7. Multiplication. \
Place.
Rule.
1. Point.
2. Rule.
1. Point.
2. Rule.
.8. Division.
Principles.
Rules.
1. When the Dividend and
Divisor are alike, the Quo-
tient is a whole number.
2. The Dividend must con-
tain as many decimal places
as the Divisor.
3. When the Divisor is a
whole number, the Quo-
tient is like the Dividend.
4. The Quotient most con-
tain as many decimal places
as those in the Dividend
exceed those in the Divisor.
ARITHMETIC.
Ill
I. DECIMAL
FRACTIONS
.1
9. Circulates
i*
(3-
A common fraction to a Circulate.
A pure Circulate to a common fraction.
A mixed Circulate to a common fraction.
CHAPTER III. UNITED STATES MONEY.
I. ADDITION.
II. SUBTRACTION.
III. MULTIPLICATION.
IV. DIVISION. '
V. REDUCTION.
VI. RULES.
VII. BILLS. i. Terms.
1. Of Addition.
2. Of Subtraction.
3. Of Multiplication.
4. Of Division.
f i. Bill.
2. Account.
3. Debtor.
4. Creditor.
I. FACTORING.
' I. Principles.
2. Cases.
13. Rule.
CHAPTER IV. PROPERTIES OF NUMBERS.
1. Every number is equal to the product
of its prime factors.
2. Every number is divisible by its prime
factors or some product of them.
3. Every number is divisible only by its
prime factors or some product of them.
4. Any number ending m o, 2, 4, 6 or 8,
is divisible by 2.
5. Any number ending in o or 5 is divisi-
ble by 5.
1. To find the prime factors.
2. To find the several factors or divisors.
3. To find the equal factors.
C i. Common Divisor.
< 2. Greatest Common Divisor.
( 3. Greatest Common Measure.
1. First Method.
2. Second Method.
1. The product of all the com-
mon prime factors of two or
more numbers is the Greatest
Common Divisor.
2. A Common Divisor of two or
more numbers is a Divisor of
their sum, and also of their dif-
ference.
r I. Terms.
II. COMMON DIVISOR.
\
2. Cases
3. Principles.
1 4. Rule.
112
TREASURY OF FACTS.
III. COMMON MULTIPLE.
I. Terms.
2. Cases.
3. Principles,
4. Rule.
IV. CANCELLATION.
1. A Multiple.
2. A Common Multiple.
3. Least Common Multiple.
First Method.
Second Method.
A Multiple of a number
must contain all the prime
factors of that number.
A Common Multiple of two
or more numbers, must con-
tain all the prime factors of
each of them.
The Least Common Multi-
ple of two or more numbers
must contain all the prime
factors of each of them, and
no other factor.
1. Cancelling a factor in any num-
ber divides the number by that
factor.
2. Cancelling a factor in both Divi-
dend and Divisor of a quantity
does not alter the value.
I. TERMS.
II. KINDS.
III. PRINCIPLES.
IV. REDUCTION.
CHAPTER V. FRACTIONS.
j i. Numerator.
/ 2. Denominator.
1. Simple (|).
2. Compound (| of f).
3. Proper (f).
4. Improper (f).
5. Mixed (2j).
6. Complex
7. Reciprocal (i 4- by the number).
1. Multiplying the Numerator by any number, multiplies
the value.
2. Dividing the Numerator by any number, divides the
value.
3. Multiplying the Denominator by any number, divides
the value.
4. Dividing the Denominator by any number, multiplies
the value.
5. Multiplying both terms by the same number, does not
change the value.
6. Dividing both terms by the same number" does not
alter the vahie.
1. Numbers to Fractions.
2. Fractions to Numbers.
ARITHMETIC.
IV. REDUCTION. <
VII. MULTIPLICATION.
' 3. Compound to Simple.
4. To higher terms.
5. To lower terms.
6. Dissimilar to Similar.
7. The Greatest Common Divisor of Fractions.
8. The Least Common Multiple of Fractions.
[ 9. Rules for these cases.
V. ADDITION. Rule.
VI. SUBTRACTION. Rule. C i. A Fraction by a whole Number.
i. Cases. < 2. A whole Number by a Fraction.
3. A Fraction by a Fraction.
{i . A Fraction is multiplied by
multiplying its Numerator.
2. A Fraction is multiplied by
dividing its Denominator.
1. A Fraction by a whole Number.
2. A whole Number by a Fraction.
( 3. A Fraction by a Fraction.
{i. A Fraction is divided when its Nu-
merator is divided.
2. A Fraction is divided when its De-
nominator is multiplied.
f i. The relation of a Number to a Fraction.
IX. RELATIONS OF NUM- i 2. The relation of a Fraction to a Number.
BERS AND FRACTIONS. I 3. The relation of a Number to a Number.
4. The relation of a Fraction to a Fraction.
VIII. DIVISION.
r i. Cases.
CHAPTER VI. DENOMINATE NUMBERS.
i. Of Value.
I. SIMPLE. 2. Weight.
II. COMPOUND. 3. Length.
III. MEASURES. \ 4. Surface.
5. Volume.
6. Time.
7. Angles and Circular ; and, First, VALUE, see below.
1. Coin.
2. Paper Money.
1. Money. 3. Currency.
4. Mint.
5. Bullion. ( i. Table.
2. United States Money. < 2. Denominations.
I. VALUE. ( 3. Symbols.
( i. Table.
3. Sterling Money. ? 2. Denominations.
f 3. Symbols.
C i. Table.
4. French Money. < 2. Denominations.
( 3. Symbols.
114
TREASURY OF FACTS.
I. VALUE.
II. WEIGHT.
German Money.
1. Name.
2. Use.
3. Unit of measure.
Troy. < 4. Caret.
5. Table.
6. Denominations.
7. Symbols.
fi. Use.
1. Table.
2. Denominations.
3. Symbols.
2. Apothecaries '.
3. Avoirdupois.
.4. Miscellaneous.
III. MISCELLANEOUS WEIGHTS.
2. Unit of measure.
3. Table.
4. Denominations.
a,, u
5. Symbols.
[6. A
IV. LENGTH. I. Long Measure.
Apothecaries' Fluid.
r. Name.
2. Use.
3. Unit of measure.
4. Table.
5. Denominations.
[6. Symbols.
f i. Cental.
2. Cask.
3. Quintal.
4. Barrel of Flour.
5. Barrel of Salt.
6. Barrel of Pork.
1. Of Wheat (60).
2. Of Oats (32).
3. Rye (56).
4. Buckwheat (52).
5. Potatoes (60).
6. Beans (60).
7. Clover Seed (60).
8. Timothy Seed (45).
9. Flax Seed (56).
10. Barley (48).
11. Corn in ear (70).
12. Corn shelled (56).
13. Salt (56).
14. Bituminous Coal (70).
15. Onions (57).
16. Dried Apples (24).
17. Dried Peaches (33).
18. Hemp Seed (44).
1. A Line.
2. An Angle.
3. A Right Angle.
4. Its use.
5. Unit of measure.
6. Table.
7. Denominations.
8. Symbols.
ARITHMETIC.
IV. LENGTH.
Cloth Measure
.4. Miscellaneous.
V. SURFACE. i. Square Measure.
VI. VOLUME AND
CAPACITY.
^visions.
1. Use.
2. Unit of measure.
3. Surveyors Long. < 3. Table.
4. Denominations.
[ 5. Symbols.
" i. Fathoms.
2. Cables' length.
3. League.
4. Hand.
5. Cubit.
6. Palm.
7. Pace.
" i. Rectangle.
2. Square.
3. Area.
4. Use.
5. Unit of measure.
6. Table.
7. Denominations.
8. Symbols.
9. Surveyors' Square.
1. Use.
2. Cube.
3. Contents.
4. Units of measure.
5. Table.
6. Denominations.
7. Symbols.
8. Cord.
9. Cord feet.
i: Use.
2. Unit of measure.
3. Table.
4. Denominations.
5. Symbols.
6. Cubic inches | i. Heaped bu.
in Bushel. \ 2. Stroked bu.
1. Use.
2. Unit of measure.
3. Table.
4. Denominations.
5. Symbols.
I. Cubic Measure.
2. Dry Measure.
3. Liquid Measure.
VII. TIME.
1. Use.
2. Unit of measure.
3. Table.
4. Denominations.
5. Symbols.
6. Seasons.
7. Names of months.
6. Cubic inches in gallon.
TREASURY OF FACTS.
VIII. ANGULAR OR CIRCULAR.
IX. MISCELLANEOUS.
- 1. Counting.
2. Paper.
.3. Books.
1. Use. ( i. Right.
2. Angles. < 2. Acute.
3. Circle. (3. Obtuse.
4. Circumference.
5. Diameter.
7. Denominations.
8. Symbols.
( i. Dozen.
2. Gross.
3. Great Gross.
4. Pair.
5. Set.
6. Score.
1. Quire.
2. Ream.
3. Bundle.
4. Bale.
1. Folio.
2. Quarto.
3. Octavo.
4. Duodecimo.
5. i8mo.
6.
IV. REDUCTION.
:i. Ascending.
2. Descending.
3. /?/*.
4. Cases.
V. ADDITION. Rule. 1
VI. SUBTRACTION. Rule.
VII. MULTIPLICATION. Rule.
VTTI
7. 32mo.
f i. A Denominate Number to a De-
nominate Fraction.
2. A Denominate Fraction to a De-
nominate Number.
3. To find what part one is of an-
other.
J * Divide into parts.
\ 2.
X. DENOMINATE
FRACTIONS.
One compound number by another.
A\rn TIMF ) !> To find the difference in time.
riME " \ 2. To find the difference in longitude.
1. A Fraction to a Fraction of a lower
denomination.
2. A Fraction to an integer of a lower
denomination.
3. A Fraction to a Fraction of a higher
denomination.
4. A compound number to a Fraction.
< I. A Decimal to a Denominate Number.
\ 2. A Compound Number to a Decimal.
i. Common.
.2. Decimals.
ARITHMETIC.
117
I. TERMS.
II.
CHAPTER VII. RATIO.
1. Antecedent.
2. Consequent.
3. Couplet.
4. Ratio.
1. Simple.
2. Compound.
III. PRINCIPLES.
A Ratio equals the Quotient of the Antecedent di-
vided by the Consequent.
2. The Antecedent equals the product of the Conse-
quent by the Ratio.
3. The Consequent equals the quotient of the Antece-
dent divided by the Ratio.
I. SIMPLE.
II. COMPOUND.
III. PRINCIPLES.
CHAPTER VIII. PROPORTION.
I st. The product of the means equals the product of the
extremes.
2d. Either extreme equals the product of the means di-
vided by the other extreme.
3</. Either mean equals the product of the extremes di-
vided by the other mean.
4//#. The fourth term equals the third divided by the
ratio of the first to the second.
yh. The first term equals the second multiplied by the
ratio of the third to the fourth.
6th. The product of the simple ratios of the first couplet
in a compound proportion, equals the product of the
simple ratios of the second couplet.
yth. The product of all the terms in the extremes of a
compound proportion, equals the product of all the
terms in the means.
8M. Any term in either extreme in a compound propor-
tion, equals the product of the means divided by the
product of the other terms in the extremes.
gth. Any term in either mean in a compound propor-
tion, equals the product of the extremes divided by
the product of the other terms in the means.
I. TERMS.
CHAPTER IX. PERCENTAGE.
1. Base.
2. Rate.
3. Percentage.
4. Am't c. Difference.
TREASURY OF FACTS.
II. CASES.
III. PRINCIPLES.
IV. RULES.
V. APPLICATIONS
AND
I. GAIN OR LOSS.
II. STOCKS AND
DIVIDENDS.
III. PREMIUM AND
DISCOUNT.
1. The Base and Rate given to find the Percentage.
2. The Percentage and Rate given to find the Base.
3. The Base and Percentage given to find the Rate.
4. The resulting number and Rate given to find the Base.
f i. The Percentage equals the Base multiplied by the
Rate, divided by 100.
2. The Rate equals the Percentage divided by the Base,
multiplied by 100.
3. The Base equals the Percentage divided by the Rate,
multiplied by 100.
4. The Base equals the amount divided by one (i) plus
the rate, or by (i) minus the Rate multiplied by 100.
( i. Gain and Loss.
2. Stocks and Dividends.
3. Premium and Discount.
4. Commission and Brokerage.
5. Insurance.
6. Simple Interest.
7. Compound Interest.
8. True Discount.
9. Banking.
10. Taxes.
11. Custom House business.
12. Direct Exchange.
13. Circular Exchange.
1. Capital and Rate given to find the gain or loss.
2. The Rate and gain or loss given to find the Base.
3. The Base and gain or loss given to find the Rate.
4. Rules. C i . A Company.
2. Corporation.
i. Terms. \ 3. Stock.
4. Dividend.
5. Assessment.
fi. Stock and Rate given to find the Dividend.
2. Rate and Dividend given to find Stock.
3. Stock and Dividend given to find Rate.
1. Capital.
2. Money.
3. Stocks.
4. Drafts and Checks.
r i. Terms. { 5. Bills of Exchange.
6. Par Value.
7. Real Value.
8. Premium.
9. Discount.
1. The Par Value and Rate to find the
Premium or Discount.
2. The Premium or Discount to find the
Par Value.
3. The Par Value and Real Value or Dis-
count to find the Rate.
4. The Real Value or Face and Rate to
find the Premium or Discount.
Cases.
Rules.
ARITHMETIC.
IV. COMMISSION AND
BROKERAGE.
i. Terms.
V. INSURANCE.
i . Terms.
Cases.
Rules.
ii:
Cases,
Rule,
s. \ 2.
' (3-
r i. Terms.
VI. SIMPLE INTEREST.
2. Cases.
3. Rules.
1. Agent or Factor.
2. Brokerage.
3. A Broker.
1. The Base and Rate to find Com-
mission.
2. The Commission or Brokerage,
and Base, to find Rate.
3. The Commission or Brokerage and
Rate to find the Base or Cost.
4. The Rate and Cost, or Base, to
find Commission or Brokerage.
Insurance.
Policy.
Premium.
Value and Rate given to find Premium.
Value and Premium to find Rate.
Rate and Premium to find Value.
1. Interest.
2. Rate.
3. Principal.
4. Time.
5. Amount.
6. Legal interest.
1. Principal, Rate and Time, to find
Interest, or Amount.
2. Principal, Rate and Interest, to find
Time.
3. Principal, Time and Interest, to
find Rate.
4. Time, Rate and Interest, to find
Principal.
r. Terms.
1. Promissory Note.
2. Judgment Note.
3. Drawer.
4. Payee.
5. Endorser.
6. Indorsements.
7. Rules.
.4. Interest on Notes.
VII. COMPOUND INTEREST. Rules.
Discount.
VIII. TRUE DISCOUNT. { 2. Present Worth.
Rules.
1. Proceeds.
2. Discount.
3. Bank Discount.
4. Days of Grace.
The face of a note, Rate and Time, to find
the Discount and Proceeds.
Proceeds, Rate and Time, to find face.
1. Duties.
2. Customs.
3. Ad Valorem Duty.
4. Specific Duty.
5. Draft.
6. Tare.
7. Gross Weight.
8. Rule.
IX. BANKING.
2. Cases
3. Rule,
C i. Property.
X. TAXES. \ 2. Poll.
( 3. Rule.
XI. CUSTOM HOUSE BUSINESS.
I2O
TREASURY OF FACTS.
1. Terms, i. Bills of Exchange.
2. Inland Exchange.
3. Foreign Exchange.
1. Draft.
2. Notes.
3. Checks.
4. Sight Bill.
5. Time Bill.
6. Indorsement.
7. Acceptance.
( i . To find the cost of a Bill at sight.
* \ 2. The cost of a Bill given to find face.
XII. DIRECT EX-
CHANGE.
4. Cases,
. 5. Rules.
XIII. CIRCULAR EXCHANGE. Rule.
( i. Simple.
XIV. PARTNERSHIP. ? 2. Compound.
( 3. Rules.
1 . Average time of payment.
2. Equated time of payment.
( I. When terms of credit begin at the same
time.
2. When the debt has received partial
payments, to find time for payment of
the remainder.
3. When credit begins at different times.
4. To average accounts of both debt and
credit.
( i. Current accounts.
XVI. SETTLEMENT OF ACCOUNTS. \ 2. Settling or clearing.
( 3. Rule.
XV. EQUATION OF
PAYMENTS.
3. Cases.
14. Rule.
CHAPTER X. ALLIGATION.
I. ALLIGATION MEDIAL.
II. ALLIGATION ALTERNATE.
1. Given the mean value and value of each, to find the pro-
portion of each.
2. Given the mean value, the value of each, and quantity of
one, to find the others.
3. Given the mean value, the value of each, and the entire
quantity, to find quantity of each.
III. CASES.
IV. RULE.
CHAPTER XL PROGRESSION.
I. ARITHMETICAL.
1. First Term.
2. Last Term.
3. Common difference.
4. Number of terms.
5. Sum of terms.
ARITHMETIC.
121
II. GEOMETRICAL.
III. RULE.
IV. INFINITE SERIES.
1. First Term.
2. Last Term.
3. Number of terms.
4. Ratio.
5. Sum of terms.
CHAPTER XII. INVOLUTION AND EVOLUTION.
f I. Terms
\. INVOLUTION.
li
2. Principles.
II. EVOLUTION. i. Terms.
Power.
Degree.
Exponent.
1. The square of a number contains
twice as many figures as the number,
or twice as many less one.
2. The cube of a number contains three
times as many figures as the number,
or three times less one or two.
3. The square of a number of tens and
units equals the square of the tens,
plus twice the tens into the units, plus
the square of the units.
4. The square of a number of hundreds,
tens and units, equals the square of the
hundreds, plus two times the hundreds
into the tens, plus the square of the
tens, plus two times the sum of the
hundreds and tens into the units, plus
the square of the units.
5. The cube of a number of tens and
units equals the cube of the tens,
plus three times the square of the tens
into the units, plus three times the
tens into the square of the units, plus
the cube of the units.
6. The cube of a number of hundreds,
tens and units, equals the cube of the
hundreds, plus three times the square
of the hundreds into the tens, plus
three times the hundreds into the
square of the tens, plus the cube of
the tens, plus three times the square
of the sum of the hundreds and tens
into the units, plus three times the
sum of the hundreds and tens into
the square of the units, plus the cube
of the units.
Square Root.
Cube Root.
Fourth Root.
Sign.
122
TREASURY OF FACTS.
II. EVOLUTION.
4. A pp It 'ca-
tions of'
Square Root.
2. Analytic method of Square Root.
3. Rule. ( i . The square of the
hypotenuse equals
the sum of the
squares of the oth-
1. Right-an- er two sides.
gled Trian- ( 2. The square of ei-
gle. ther side equals the
square of the hy-
potenuse d i m i n-
ished by the square
of the other side.
The areas of circles
are as the squares of
their Diame t ers,
Radii, or Circum-
ferences.
2. Similar sur- J 2. The areas of
faces. | squares, similar
Rectangles, and Tri-
angles, are to each
other as the squares
of their like dimen-
[ sions.
5. Analytic method of Cube Root. Rule.
i. Similar volumes are to each oth-
er as the cubes of their like dimen-
6. Applications of sions.
Cube Root. 2. The like dimensions of similar
volumes are to each other as the
cube roots of the volumes.
7. Geometrical method of Cube Root.
CHAPTER XIII. ANNUITIES AND MENSURATION.
I. ANNUITIES.
II. MENSURATION.
1. To find the amount at Simple Interest.
2. To find the amount at Compound Interest.
3. To find the present value at Simple Interest.
4. To find the present value" at Compound Interest.
" I. Angle.
2. Right Angle.
3. Acute Angle.
4. Obtuse Angle.
1. Terms. \ ( i. Base.
5. Triangle. < 2. Altitude.
6. Polygon. ( 3. Hypotenuse.
7. Scalene. , X
8. Isosceles.
( The Area of a Triangle is equal to
2. Principle. < the Base multiplied by one-half the
( Altitude.
ARITHMETIC.
123
II. MENSURATION.
Parallelogram.
Trapezpid.
Trapezium.
' i . Rectangle.
2. Square.
3. Rhomboid.
4. Rhombus.
III. THE CIRCLE.
3. Quadrilateral. \
[ 4. Principles (see below) :
1. The area of a Parallelogram equals the Base multiplied by the Altitude.
2. The area of a Trapezoid equals the Altitude multiplied by one-half the sum
of the Parallel sides.
3. The area of a Trapezium equals the sum of the areas of the two triangles
into which it may be divided.
f i. The area of a circle equals the Square of the Radius
by 3.1416.
, The Circumference of a circle equals the Diameter
multiplied by 3.1416.
, The Diameter of a circle is equal to the Product of
the Circumference by .3183.
, The side of any square that can be inscribed in
a circle, equals the Product of the Diameter by
.7017106 or the Product of -the Circumference by
.225079.
The area of an ellipse equals the Product of one-half
the two axes together, and that Product multiplied by
3.1416.
The convex surface of a prism equals the
Perimeter of the Ba^e multiplied by the
Altitude.
The contents of a Prism equals the Prod-
uct of the area of the Base by the Alti-
tude.
i . The convex surface, of a Pyramid equals
the Product of the Perimeter of the Base
by one-half the slant height.
The contents of a Pyramid equals the
Product of the area of Base by one-third
of the Altitude.
The surface of a Cylinder equals the
Product of the Circumference of the
Base by the Altitude.
, The contents of a Cylinder equals the
Product of the area of the Base by the
Altitude.
The surface of a Cone equals the Product
of the Circumference of Base by one-half
the slant height.
, The contents of a Cone equals the Product
of the area of the Base by one-third 6f Alti-
tude.
The convex surface of the Frustrum
of a Pyramid and Cone equals the
sum of the Perimeters of the two
Bases, multiplied by one-half the
slant height.
IV. VOLUMES.
5-
i. Prism.
2. Pyramid.
3. Cylinder.
4. Cone.
Frustrum of a
Pyramid and
Cone.
124
TREASURY OF FACTS.
{2. The contents of a Frustrum is
equal to the Square Root of the
product of the two Bases, plus the
sum of the Bases, multiplied by one-
third of the Altitude.
" i. The. surface of a sphere equals the square of the
Radius multiplied by 4 and that Product by 3.1416.
2. The contents of a sphere equals the cube of the Di-
ameter multiplied by .5236.
3. The size of any cube which may be cut from a
sphere equals the square root extracted from the
Quotient of the Square of the Diameter divided by 3.
V. THE SPHERE.-
SECTION XIX.
ALGEBRA.
CHAPTER I. DEFINITIONS, ETC.
1. Measure.
2. Currency.
3. Length.
4. Surface.
5. Volume.
6. Weight.
7. Time.
8. Angular measure.
9. Known Quantity.
10. Unknown Quantity.
11. Literal.
12. Numeral.
( I. First member.
\ 2. Second member.
VII. MONOMIAL.
VIII. POLYNOMIAL.
IX. BINOMIAL.
X. TRINOMIAL.
XI. RESIDUAL.
XII. HOMOGENEOUS.
XIII. RECIPROCAL.
Positive.
I. QUANTITY.
II. COEFFICIENT.
III. EXPONENT.
IV. POWER.
V. ROOT.
VI. EQUATION.
XIV. TERMS.
2. Negative.
XV. SIGNS.
XVI. AXIOMS.
Similar.
4. Dissimilar.
5. Degree.
1. Addition.
2. Subtraction.
3. Multiplication.
4. Division.
5. Equality.
6. Inequality.
7. Radical.
8. Parenthesis. ,
9. Vinculum. \ '
10. Brackets.
(I. The same quantity added to equals, their sum will be
equal.
2. The same quantity subtracted from equals, their dif-
ference will be equal.
Horizontal. .
Vertical.
126
TREASURY OF FACTS.
XVI. AXIOMS.
3. If quantities be multiplied by the same number, their
product will be equal.
4. If equals be divided by the same quantity, their quo-
tients will be equal.
5. If the same quantity be both added to and subtracted
from a quantity, their value will not be changed.
6. If a quantity be both multiplied and divided by the
same number, the value will be the same.
7. Quantities equal to any other quantity, are equal to
each other.
8. Like powers of equal quantities are equal.
9. Like roots of equal quantities are equal.
10. The whole of any quantity is equal to all of its parts.
11. The whole of any quantity is more than any of its
parts.
CHAPTER II. ENTIRE QUANTITIES.
I. ADDITION.
I. Cases.
2. Principles.
3. Sign.
4. Rule.
I. Cases.
II. SUBTRACTION.
Principles.
Sign.
Rule.
r I. Cases.
III. MULTIPLICATION.
Similar Terms.
Polynomials.
Only similar terms can be added.
The sum of all the parts equals the
whole.
Only similar quantities can be sub-
tracted.
Polynomials.
1. The same number added to both
Minuend and Subtrahend, does not
change the value.
2. The same number subtracted from
both, does not change the value.
3. The Minuend equals the Subtra-
hend plus the Remainder.
4. The Subtrahend equals the Minu-
end minus the Remainder.
1. When both factors are Monomials.
2. When one factor is a Polynomial.
3. When both factors are Polyno-
mials.
4. To square a Binomial.
5. To find the Product of the sum
and difference of two quantities.
Both factors multiplied by the
same does not change the
Product.
Both divided by the same does
not change it.
The same quantity added to,
or subtracted from both, does
not change the Product.
. 2. Principles.
ALGEBRA.
127
III. MULTIPLICATION
It
Principles.
Sign.
Rules.
i. Cases.
IV. DIVISION.
2.
3-
4-
2. Principles. -
3. Sign.
1.4. Rules.
4. Multiplying the Multiplier by
a quantity multiplies the Prod-
uct by that quantity.
$. Dividing the Multiplicand by a
quantity divides the Product by
that quantity.
6. The Multiplicand equals the
Multiplier divided into the Prod-
uct.
7. The Multiplier equals the
Product divided by the Multi-
plicand.
8. The Product is of the same
quantity as the Multiplicand.
1. When both terms are Monomials.
2. When one term is a Monomial.
3. When both terms are Polynomials.
4. When one term is a Polynomial.
f i. Multiplying the Dividend multiplies the
Quotient.
Multiplying the Divisor divides the
Quotient.
Dividing the Divisor multiplies the
Quotient.
4. Multiplying and dividing both Dividend
and Divisor does not change the Quo-
tient.
5. The Dividend equals the Divisor into
the Quotient plus the Remainder.
6. The Divisor equals the Dividend di-
vided by the Quotient.
7. The Quotient is of the same quantity as
the Dividend.
8. The Remainder is of the same quantity
as the Dividend.
V. FORMULAS:
1st Formula. The square of the sum of any two quantities is equal to
the square of first, plus twice the first multiplied by the second, plus
the square of the second.
id Formula. The square of the difference between any two quantities.
is equal to the square of first, minus twice the Product of the second
by the first, plus the square of the second.
^d Formula. The sum of two quantities multiplied by their difference,
equals the difference of their squares.
4//< Formula. The sum of the squares of any two quantities, plus
twice their Product, is divisible by their sum.
yh Formula. The sum of the squares of any two quantities, minus
twice their Product, is divisible by the difference of the quantities.
{i. Monomials.
2. Polynomials.
3. Trinomials.
4. Binomials.
VI.
128
TREASURY OF FACTS.
VII. COMMON DIVISOR.
VIII. MULTIPLE.
i. Cases.
2. Principle.
3. Rule.
i. Cases.
2. Principles.
3. Rule.
Common Divisor.
Greatest Common Divisor.
( The Greatest Common Divisor of
two or more quantities, is the
Product of all their common
prime factors.
Multiples, Common.
^i u j t jpi eS) Least Common.
' i. The Common Multiple of two or
more quantities, is the Product of all
their prime factors.
2. The Least Common Multiple of two
or more quantities is the Product of
all their prime factors, and no other.
I. TERMS.
II. SIGN.
III. KINDS.
CHAPTER III. FRACTIONS.
1. Denominator.
2. Numerator.
3. Fraction.
1. Apparent.
2. Real.
1. Mixed Quantity.
2. Simple.
3. Complex.
IV. PRINCIPLES OF FRACTIONS :
\st Principle. Any change in the Numerator produces a similar
change in value.
zd Principle. Any change in the Denominator produces an opposite
change in value.
$d Principle. Changing the sign of the Numerator, changes the real
sign of the fraction.
4th Principle. Changing the sign of both Denominator and Numera-
tor, does not alter the real sign.
5/// Principle. Changing the apparent sign changes the real sign.
V. TRANSFORMATION :
\st Transformation. To reduce an entire quantity to a fractional form.
20" Transformation. To reduce a Fraction to its lowest terms.
$d Transformation. To reduce a Fraction to a Mixed Quantity.
^th Transformation. To reduce a Mixed Quantity to a fractional form.
$th Transformation. To reduce Fractions to a Least Common De-
nominator.
6th Transformation. To reduce Fractions of different Denominators
to similar Fractions.
VI. ADDITION.
VII. SUBTRACTION.
VIII. MULTIPLICATION.
IX. DIVISION
it
An entire quantity by a Fraction.
A Fraction by an entire quantity.
A Fraction by a Fraction.
A Fraction by an entire quantity.
An entire quantity by a Fraction.
A Fraction by a Fraction.
ALGEBRA.
129
X. RULES.
1 . For Transformation.
2. For Addition.
3. For Subtraction.
4. For Multiplication.
5. For Division.
III. TRANSFORMATION
CHAPTER IV. EQUATIONS.
1. First term. ( i. Arithmetical equation.
2. Second term. 2. Algebraic equation.
3. Arithmetical. 3. Numeral equation.
4. Literal equation.
5. Identical equation.
6. Simple equation.
7. Quadratic equation.
8. Cube. ( i. First equation.
9. Degree. < 2. Second equation.
( 3. Third equation.
I. Clearing of fractions, f I. Clear of fractions.
I. TERMS.
II. KINDS OF EQUATIONS.
is
Transposing.
Solving equations.
IV. PROBLEMS IN EQUATIONS, j \
V. AXIOMS (see Axioms on pp. 125, 126, ante).
VI. EQUATIONS OF TWO OR
MORE UNKNOWN QUANTI-
TIES.
VII. RULES.
Elimination.
2. Transpose.
3. Unite the terms.
4. Divide,
5. Verify.
1. Translate.
2. Solve.
1. By Substitution.
2. By Comparison.
3. By Addition.
4. By Subtraction.
I. POWERS.
CHAPTER V. POWERS AND ROOTS.
i. Terms.
1. Power.
2. Square.
3. Cube.
4. Perfect power.
5. Imperfect.
6. Involution.
2. Powers of Monomials.
3. Powers of Fractions.
4. Powers of Binomials.
1. The number of terms.
2. The Sign of terms.
3. The Exponents of the letters.
4. The Coefficients of the Terms.
5. The Law of Coefficients (see
below) :
130 TREASURY OF FACTS.
The Coefficient of any term may be obtained by multiplying the Coeffi-
cient of the preceding term by the Exponent of the leading quantity
in that term, or by the number of the term from the last, and by the
Coefficient of the following quantity in the foot, and dividing this
result by the product of the Coefficient of the leading quantity in the
root, multiplied by the number of term from the first.
{I. Evolution.
2. Root.
3. Index.
4. Surd.
2. Roots of Monomials.
II. ROOTS. \ 3 . Roots of Polynomials.
4. Square Root.
5. Cube Root.
.6. Principles.
CHAPTER VI. RADICALS.
SI. To its simplest form.
2. A Rational to a Radical.
3. Of different degrees to a common Radical Index.
II. ADDITION OF RADICALS.
III. SUBTRACTION OF RADICALS.
IV. MULTIPLICATION OF RADICALS. \ \ ^ Sfferemdegrees.
V. D,v,s,ON OF RADICALS, j g<
1. For Reduction.
2. For Addition. ,~ or f u__i,
VI. RULES FOR RADICALS 3. For Subtraction.
4. For Multplication.
5. For Division.
VII. PRINCIPLES OF INVOLUTION AND EVOLUTION:
ist Principle of Involution. If a radical quantity be involved to a
power corresponding to the Radical Index, the Radical sign will be
removed.
id Principle of Involution. If a quantity containing both radical and
rational terms be raised to any power, the Radical sign will remain.
$d Principle of Involution. If a quantity consisting of two radical
terms of the second degree be squared, the result will contain but a
single radical term.
ist Principle of Evolution. The Exponent of a quantity will be re-
moved by extracting the root whose index corresponds to the Expo-
nent.
id Principle of Evolution. The root of a Binomial is necessarily a
Surd, and a Binomial always becomes a Radical by Evolution.
$d Principle of Evolution. A Trinomial is a perfect square when two
of its terms are perfect squares and Positive, and the remaining term
is twice the product of the square roots of the others, and either Pos-
itive or Negative.
VIII. EQUATIONS CONTAINING RADICAL QUANTITIES.
IX. RULES FOR EQUATIONS IN RADICALS.
ALGEBRA.
CHAPTER VII. QUADRATICS AND PROGRESSION.
First. QUADRATICS.
Pure.
Affected.
Roots.
U:
I. TERMS.
II. PROBLEMS. \ i' , p # : fa i ) i. First method.
In affected. j 2 SecQnd method
1. Complete the square.
2. Extract the root.
3. Transpose.
4. Unite the terms.
5. Extract the root.
V. FACTORING TRINOMIALS.
Second. PROGRESSION.
III. EQUATIONS.
IV. POLYNOMIALS.
I. ARITHMETICAL.
1. Extremes.
2. Means.
3. Terms.
4. Cases.
II. GEOMETRICAL.
5. Applications.
1. Ascending.
2. Descending.
3. Ratio.
To find the last term.
To find the sum of the series.
' i. First term.
2. Common difference.
3. Number of terms.
4. Last term.
5. Sum of terms.
6. Formulas.
7. Problems.
8. Rule.
f* j i. AU find the lasa tcnu.
J ' ] 2. To find the sum of the Series.
5. Infinite Series.
6. Geometrical means.
1. First term.
2. Ratio.
7. Applications. ! 3. Number of terms.
8. Problems. 4. Last term.
1 9. /?/<?. [ 5. Sum of terms.
SECTION XX.
GEOMETRY.
CHAPTER I. TERMS USED AND LANGUAGE OF GEOMETRY.
I. LINES AND ANGLES.
1. Magnitude.
2. Point.
3. Line.
4. Surface.
5. Plane.
6. Volume.
.7. Angles.
II. PLANE FIGURES.
I. Polygon.
1. Scalene.
2. Equilateral.
3. Right angle.
4. Acute angle.
5. Obtuse angle.
6. Isosceles an-
gle.
III. AXIOMS.
1. Straight.
2. Curved.
3. Crooked.
4. Parallel.
5. Horizontal.
6. Vertical.
7. Oblique.
1. Plane.
2. Adjacent.
3. Right angle.
4. Acute angle.
5. Obtuse angle.
6. Triangle.
7. Interior angle.
8. Exterior angle.
1. Quadrilateral.
2. Pentagon.
3. Hexagon.
4. Heptagon.
5. Octagon.
6. Nonagon.
7. Decagon.
!i. Trapezium.
2. Trapezoid.
3. Parallelogram.
Square.
Rhomboid.
Rhombus.
1. Circumference.
2. Diameter.
( 3. Radius.
1. Things which equal the same things, equal each other.
2. Equals added to equals, the sum will be equal.
3. Equals subtracted from equals, the Remainder will be
equal.
4. Equals" added to unequals, the sum will be unequal.
5. Equals subtracted from unequals, the Remainder will be
unequal.
6. If equals be multiplied by equals the Product will be
equal.
3. Rectangle
(I. Sq
. \ 2. Rl
S- Ri
GEOMETRY. 133
t 7. If equals be divided by equals the Quotient will be equal.
III. AXIOMS. < 8. The whole is greater than any of its parts.
( 9. The whole is equal to all of its parts.
IV. COROLLARY.
V. SCHOLIUM.
VI. PROBLEMS.
VII. POSTULATE.
VIII. HYPOTHESIS.
IX. THEOREMS, AND
i. Of Angles.
ist. When any straight line meets another, the sum of the two adjacent
angles equals two right angles.
'zd. When two straight lines intersect each other, the opposite, or verti-
cal angles, are equal.
3d. Two angles which have their sides respectively parallel, and lying
in the same direction, or in opposite directions, are equal.
4/A. If two triangles have two sides, and the included angle of the one
equal to two sides and the included angle of the other, each to each,
the triangles will be equal in all their parts.
$th. If two triangles have two angles, and the included side of the one
equal to two angles and the included side of the other, each to each,
the triangles will be equal in all their parts.
6th. If two triangles have two sides of the one equal to two sides of
the other, each to each, and the included angles are equal, the third
side will be greater in the triangle, having the greater included angle.
1th. If two triangles have the three sides of the one equal to the three
sides of the other, each to each, the triangles will be equal in all their
parts.
8tA. In an isosceles triangle the angles opposite the equal sides are
equal.
9/A. If two angles of a triangle are equal, the sides opposite them are
also equal, and the triangle is isosceles.
io///. In any triangle the greater side is opposite the greater angle, and
conversely, the greater angle is opposite the greater side.
nth. In every triangle the sum of the three angles is equal to two
right angles.
2. Of Quadrilaterals.
ist. In any parallelogram the opposite sides and angles are equal, each
to each.
id. If the opposite sides of a quadrilateral are equal, each to each, the
equal sides are parallel, and the figure is a parallelogram.
yi. If two sides of a quadrilateral are equal and parallel, the figure is a
parallelogram.
4/A. The diagonals of parallelograms bisect each other, and the sum of
their squares is equivalent to the sum of the squares of the four sides
of the parallelogram.
3. Of Polygons,
ist. Similar polygons may be divided into the same number of trian-
134 TREASURY OF FACTS.
gles ; and to each triangle in one of the polygons there will be a cor-
responding triangle in the other polygon. These triangles are simi-
lar and similarly situated.
zd. The perimeter of similar polygons are to one another as their homol-
ogous sides ; and their areas to one another as the squares of their
homologous sides.
3*/. If the sides of a convex polygon be produced so as to form one ex-
terior angle at each vertex, the sum of the exterior angles will be
equal to four right angles.
4. Of Proportion.
i st. If four quantities are in proportion, they will be in proportion by
alteration.
2d. If four quantities be in proportion, the product of the means will
equal the product of the extremes.
$d. Magnitudes which are proportional to the same proportionals, are
proportional to each other.
4/A. If the product of two magnitudes equals the product of two other
magnitudes, two of them may be made the means, and two the ex-
tremes of a proportion.
$th. If four quantities are proportional, the sum of the first and second
is to their difference as the sum of the third and fourth is to their dif-
ference.
6th. The product of the corresponding'terms of two proportions are
proportional.
"jth. If four quantities are proportional, we can multiply the antece-
dents or consequents, or divide them by the same quantity, and the
results will be proportional.
8tA. If three quantities are in proportion, the first is to the third as the
square of the first is to the square of the second.
5. Squares on Lines.
1st. The square described on the sum of any two lines, is equal to the
sum of the squares described on the lines, plus twice the rectangle of
the lines.
zd. The square described on the difference of two lines, is equal to the
sum of the squares described on the two lines, diminished by twice
the rectangle contained by the lines.
3</. The difference of the squares described on any two lines, is equal
to the rectangle contained by the sum and difference of the lines.
4/A. The square described on the hypotenuse of any right-angled tri-
angle, is equal to the sum of the squares described on the other two-
sides.
5///. In any obtuse-angled triangle, the square of the side opposite the
obtuse angle is equivalent to the sum of the squares of the other two-
sides, plus twice the product of the base into the distance from the
vertex of the obtuse angle to the foot of the perpendicular drawn
from the vertex of the opposite angle to the base produced.
6th. In any triangle, the squares on a side opposite an acute angle is
less than the sum of the squares on the other two sides, by twice the
GEOMETRY. 135
rectangle contained by either of these sides, and the distance from
the vertex of the acute angle to the foot of the perpendicular let fall
on this side, or side produced, from the vertex of the opposite angle.
6. Of Similar Triangles.
\st. Triangles which have their corresponding sides proportional are
similar.
2d. If any triangle have its sides respectively proportional to the like
sides of any other triangle, each to each, then the two triangles will
be equiangular and similar.
$d. Two triangles having an angle in one equal to an angle in the
other, and the sides about these equal angles proportional, are equi-
angular and similar.
^th. Triangles which have their sides parallel, each to each, or perpen-
dicular, each to each, are similar.
7. Of the Circle.
\st. Equal angles at the centre of a circle are subtended by equal
chords.
id. Any radius which is perpendicular to a chord bisects the chord, and
also the arc subtended by the chord.
3^. A circumference may be made to pass through three points which
are not in the same line.
\th. In equal circles, equal chords are equally distant from the centre.
}th. Parallel lines intercept equal arcs on the same circumference.
6th. If two circles touch each other, either internally or externally, the
two centres and the point of contact will be on the same line.
8. Of Measurement of Angles.
ist. An angle having its vertex at the centre of a circle, is measured by
the arc included between its sides.
id. An angle formed by a secant and a tangent, is measured by one-
half of the difference of the intercepted arcs.
yl. An angle formed by two chords which intersect, is measured by
half the sum of the included arcs.
tfh. When two chords intersect each other in a circle, the rectangle
contained by the segments of the one, will be equal to the rectangle
contained by the segments of the other.
$th. If two secants intersect each other at right angles, the sum of then-
squares, increased by the sum of the squares of the two segments
without the circle, will be equal to the square of the diameter of the
circle/
6/A. The sums of the opposite sides of a quadrilateral circumscribing a
circle are equal.
9. Of the Circumference and Area of Circles.
\st. The circumference of circles are as their radii, and their areas as
the squares of the radii.
136 TREASURY OF FACTS.
id. The area of any circle is equal to the product of its radius by one-
half of its circumference.
$d. The areas of any two circles are to each other as the squares of
their diameters.
4/^. When the radius of a circle is unity, its area and circumference
are numerically equal.
10. Of Planes and their Angles.
\st. If two Planes meet each other, their common points will be found
in, and form one straight line.
2^. If a straight line is perpendicular to two straight lines of a plane at
the point of their intersection, it is perpendicular to the plane of those
lines.
3*/. If two straight lines are perpendicular to the same plane, they will
be perpendicular to each other.
qth. The line which joins any point of a perpendicular to a plane, with
a point in which a line in the plane is intersected, at right angles, by
a line through the foot of the perpendicular, will be at right angles to
the line in the plane.
$M. If a plane meet two parallel planes, the lines of intersection are
parallel.
6th. If two straight lines be drawn in any direction through parallel
planes, the planes will cut the lines proportionately.
Jth. Either of the three plane angles which form a triedral angle, is less
than the sum of the other two.
8M. The sum of the plane angles forming any polyedral angle, is less
than four right angles.
gth. If two solid angles are formed by three plane angles respectively
equal to each other, the planes which contain the equal angles will be
equally inclined to each other.
ii. Of Solids.
\st. The convex surface of a right prism is equal to the perimeter of
the base multiplied by the altitude.
id. If three plane faces bounding a solid angle of one prism, be equal
to the three plane faces bounding a solid angle of another, each to
each, and similarly disposed, the prisms will be equal.
$d. The opposite faces of a parallelopipedon are equal and parallel.
4/^. Two parallelopipedons having equal bases and equal altitudes are
equal.
$tk. The volume of any parallelopipedon, and in general any prism, is
measured by the product of its base and altitude, or the product of
its three dimensions.
6th. Similar triangular prisms are to each other as the cubes of their
like dimensions.
7th. The two triangular prisms into which any parallelopipedon is di-
vided, by a plane passing through its opposite diagonal edges, are
equal.
3M. The volume of any prism is measured by the product of the area
of its base and altitude.
GEOMETRY. 137
12. Of the Pyramid, Cylinder, Cone, etc.
is/. The cortvex surface of a right pyramid is equal to the perimeter of
the base multiplied by one-half the slant height.
id. If two triangular pyramids have equivalent bases, and equal alti-
tudes, they are equal in volume.
yi. The volume of any pyramid is measured by one-third of the prod-
uct of its base and altitude.
4th. The volume of a frustrum of a triangular pyramid is equal to the
sum of the volumes of three pyramids, whose common altitude is the
altitude of the frustrum, and whose bases are the lower base of the
frustrum, the upper base of the frustrum, and a mean proportional
between two bases.
$th. The volume of a cylinder is equal to the area of its base multiplied
by its altitude.
6th. The convex surface of a cylinder is equal to the circumference of
its base multiplied by its altitude.
7th. The volume of a cone is measured by the area of its base multi-
plied by one-third of its altitude.
$>th. The convex surface of a frustrum of a cone is equal to one-half of
the sum of the circumferences of the upper and lower bases, multiplied
by the slant height.
9/^. The volume of the frustrum of a cone is equivalent to the sum of
the volumes of three cones, having for their common altitude the
altitude of the frustrum, and for their several bases the bases of the
frustrum and a mean proportional between them.
\Qth. The surface of a sphere is measured by the circumference of one
of its great circles multiplied by its diameter.
nth. If a regular semi-polygon be revolved about its axis, the surface
generated by the semi-perimeter, will be equal to the circumference
of the inscribed circle multiplied by the axis.
I2lh. The volume of a sphere is to the volume of the circumscribed
cylinder, as the surface of the sphere is to the surface of the cylinder.
i $th. The volume of a sphere is equal to its surface multiplied by one-
third of its radius.
13. Of Spherical Geometry.
\st. Any side of a spherical triangle is less than the sum of the other two.
id. Any side of a spherical polygon is less than the sum of the other
two.
yi. The sum of the sides of a spherical polygon is less than the circum-
ference of a great circle.
4/h. If from the vertices of the angles of a spherical triangle, as poles,
arcs be described forming a spherical triangle, the vertices of the an-
gle of the second triangle will be respectively poles of the sides of
the first.
$th. The sum of the angles of a spherical triangle is less than six right
angles and greater than two.
6th. If two triangles on the same, or on equal spheres, are mutually
equiangular, they are also equilateral.
jth. If two circumferences of great circles intersect on the surface of a
hemisphere, the sum of either two of the opposite triangles thus
138
TREASURY OF FACTS.
formed is equal to a line whose angle is equal to that formed by the
circles.
. The area of a spherical polygon is equal to its spherical excess
multiplied by the tri-rectangular triangle.
14. Mensuration.
I. TRIANGLE.
II. PARALLELOGRAM
III. TRAPEZOID
i
IV. TRAPEZIUM.
V. POLYGONS.
VI. CIRCLE.
VII. ELLIPSE.
VIII. PRISM.
IX. PYRAMID.
1. The area of a triangle equals the base multiplied by
one-half the altitude ; or,
2. The square root extracted from the continued product
of the differences between each side, and the one-half of
the sum of the sides, multiplied by the half sum of the
sides.
\ The area of a parallelogram is equal to the product
' \ of the base by the altitude.
The area of a trapezoid is equal to the product of the
altitude by one-half the sum of the parallel sides.
The area of a trapezium is equal to the sum of the
areas of the two triangles into which it may be di-
vided.
The area of regular polygons is equal to the product
of one-half the perimeter multiplied by the perpendicu-
lar let fall from the centre on one of the sides.
The area of irregular polygons is equal to the sum of
the areas of the triangles into which the polygon may
be divided.
1. The area of a circle equals the diameter multiplied by
3.1416.
2. The length of an arc equals the number of degrees mul-
tiplied by the radius, and this product by .01745.
3. The area of a circle is equal to the circumference multi-
plied by one-fourth of the diameter, or the square of the
diameter multiplied by .7854.
4. The area of a sector is equal to the arc multiplied by
one-half the radius.
5. The area of a circular ring is equal to difference of the
squares of the radii multiplied by 3.1416.
6. The side of an inscribed square is equal to the diameter
multiplied by .7071, or, the circumference multiplied by
2251.
i The area of an ellipse is equal to the product of half of
( the two axes, multiplied by 3.1416.
1. The convex surface of a right prism is equal to the prod-
uct of the perimeter of the base by the altitude.
2. The entire surface equals the convex surface plus the
bases.
3. The contents of a prism equals the area of the base mul-
tiplied by the altitude.
1. The convex surface of a right pyramid is equal to the
perimeter of the basejnultiplied by one-half - the slant
height.
2. The contents of a pyramid equals the base multiplied
by one-third the altitude.
GEOMETRY.
139
X. CYLINDER.
XI. CONE.
XII. THE FRUSTRUM.
XIII. SPHERE.
XIV. CYLINDRICAL RINGS.
{I. The convex surface of a cylinder equals the circumfer-
ence of the base multiplied by the altitude.
2. The contents of a cylinder equals the area of the base
multiplied by the altitude.
The surface of a cone equals the circumference of the base
into one-half of the slant height.
The contents of a cone equals the area of the base into
one-third of the altitude.
The surface of the frustrum of a pyramid or
cone equals the sum of the circumferences of
the two bases, multiplied by one-half the slant
height.
The contents of the frustrum of a pyramid or
cone, equals the square root of the product of
the two bases, plus the sum of the two bases,
and this multiplied by one-third of the altitude
of the frustrum.
1. The surface of a sphere equals the circumference mul-
tiplied by the diameter, or,
2. The square of the radius multiplied by 4 and 3.1416.
3. The surface of a zone equals the height of the zone
multiplied by the circumference of a great circle of the
sphere.
4. The contents of a sphere equals the surface multiplied
by one-third of the radius, or,
5. The cube of the diameter multiplied by of 3.1416.
f The surface of a cylindrical ring equals the
J thickness of the ring plus the inner diam-
eter, multiplied by the thickness of the
I ring, and this multiplied by 9.8696.
SECTION XXI.
TRIGONOMETRY.
1. Plane Trigonometry.
2. Solution.
3. Quadrant.
4. Complement.
5. Supplement.
I. TERMS. { 6. Sine.
7. Cosine.
8. Tangent.
9. Cotangent.
10. Secant.
11. Cosecant.
, The sine of an arc equals the sine of its supplement,
and also the cosine of an arc equals the cosine of its
supplement.
, The tangent and cotangent of an arc are respectively
II. PRINCIPLES. equal to the tangent and cotangent of the supplement
of the arc.
. The secant and cosecant of an arc are respectively
equal to the secant and cosecant of the supplement
of the arc.
, The sum of the sines of any two arcs is to the dif-
ference of the same sines, as the tangent of one-half
the sum of the same arcs is to the tangent of one-half
of their difference.
, In any plane triangle, the sides are proportional to
the sines of the opposite angles.
3. In any plane triangle, if a line is drawn from the ver-
tical angle perpendicular to the base, then the whole
base will be to the sum of the other two sides as the
III. THEOREMS. <! difference of those sides is to the difference of the
segments of the base.
4. The hypotenuse is to either side, as the radius is to
the sine of the angle opposite to that side.
5. One side of a right-angle triangle is to the other side,
as the radius is to the tangent of the angle adjacent
to the first side.
6. One side of a right-angle triangle is to the hypote-
nuse, as the radius is to the secant of the angle adja-
cent to that side.
!i. Any two sides of a spherical trian-
gle are together greater than the
third side.
TRIGONOMETRY.
IV. SPHERICAL TRIGONOMETRY.
V. OBLIQUE-ANGLED.
VI. PRACTICAL PRINCIPLES. <(
2. The sum of the three sides of any
spherical triangle, is less than the
circumference of a great circle.
3. In any right-angled spherical tri-
angle, the sine of one side is to the
tangent of the other side, as the ra-
dius is to the tangent of the angle
adjacent to the first mentioned side.
4. In any right-angled spherical tri-
angle, the sine of the right angle is
to the sine of the hypotenuse, as
the sine of either of the other an-
gles is to the sine of side opposite
to that angle.
1. In aii spherical triangles, the sines of the sides
are u> each other as the sines of the angles op-
posite to them.
2. If from any angle of a spherical triangle, a
perpendicular be let fall on the base, or on the
base produced, the tangents of the segments
of the base will be reciprocally proportional to
the cotangents of the segments of the angle.
3. The same construction remaining, the sines of
the segments of the base are to each other as
the cotangents of the adjacent angles.
4. The cosine of any of the angles of a spherical
triangle, is equal to the product of the sines of
the other two angles multiplied by the cosine
of the included side, minus the product of the
cosines of these other two angles.
" I. The sine of the sides of spherical trian-
gles are proportional to the sines of
their opposite angles.
2. The sines of the segments of the base,
made by a perpendicular from the op-
posite angle, are proportional to the co-
tangents of their adjacent angles.
3. The cosines of the angles at the base
are proportional to the sines of the cor-
responding segments of the vertical an-
gle.
4. The cosines of the segments of the ver-
tical angle are proportional to the co-
tangents of the adjoining sides of the
triangle.
SECTION XXII.
ASTRONOMY.
CHAPTER I. DEFINITIONS, ETC.
I. TERMS.
1. Extension.
2. Line.
3. Point. ,
4. Surface.
5. Circle. !
6. Plane.
7. Tangent. *
8. Semicircle.
9. Angle.
10. Parallels.
n. Ellipse.
1 |gW }i Sl^re.
. dinner e. < r j * > /-.
] 3. Radius, f i. Great.
[ 4. Circle. -| 2. Small.
3. Poles.
Straight.
Curved.
1. Diameter.
2. Circumference.
3. Radius.
4. Arc.
1. Angle of vision.
2. Right Angle.
3. Acute Angle.
4. Obtuse Angle.
5. Triangle.
14. Sphere.
l,5.*** ji-gg*
1. Apparent motions.
2. Primary Planets.
3. Secondary Planets.
4. Stars.
5. Comets.
6. Luminous.
II. THE HEAVENLY BODIES.
III. THE SUN.
7.
IV. THE PLANETS.-
i. Primary.
Opaque.
" i. Mercury.
2. Venus.
3. Earth.
4. Mars.
5. Jupiter.
6. Saturn.
7. Uranus.
8. Neptune.
Planets.
6. Aphelion.
7. Ascending nodes.
8. Descending nodes.
ASTRONOMY.
IV. THE PLANETS.
9. Distance from sun.
10. Time to make revolution.
n.
12.
f i. Conjunction.]
2. Quadrature. < 2 '
17 Avbect i m v: uau '< tl - u c
L 13. Aspect. <j 3 Opposition
4. Elongation.
Inferior.
Superior.
CHAPTER II. PLANETS IN THEIR ORDER.
I. THE EARTH.
North.
South.
2. Latitude. Parallels.
3. Longitude. Meridians.
f i. Sensible.
2. The Dip.
3. Rational.
4. Poles.
I. Poles.
4. Horizon.
( i. Zenith.
\ 2. Nadir.
6. Circles of perpetual apparition.
7. Circles of perpetual occultation.
Parallax.
9. Refraction.
10.
1. Ecliptic or Equinoctial.
2. Obliquity of Ecliptic.
Equinox.
6. Signs of Ecliptic.
7. Zodiac.
f>. Tropic, j; : [g=/ orn
1 1 . Day and night.
12. Seasons.
1. Cause.
2. Names.
4. Dawn.
1. Spring.
2. Summer.
3. Autumn.
4. Winter.
II. THE SUN.
( I. Frigid.
13. Zones. \ 2. Temperate.
( 3. Torrid.
14. Shape and size.
{i . Solar day.
2. Mean solar day.
3. Equation of time.
4. Sidereal year.
5. Tropical year.
Si. Distance from earth (95,000,000 miles).
2. Apparent diameter (852,900 miles).
3. Figure (sphere).
144
TREASURY OF FACTS.
j-4- The ^-o.^ 2 Variability-
II. THE SUN. 5- Rotation (25$ days).
6. Revolution.
1 7. Zodiacal light.
1. Perigee.
2. Apogee.
3. Diameter (2162 miles).
4. Phases.
5. Synodical period (29$ days).
6. Harvest moon.
7. 77/ Polar regions.
8. Moonlight in winter.
9. Rotation (27$ days).
10. Lunar orbit.
11. Librations of moon.
12. Position of Lunar axis. .
1 3. Lunar m o un t a in s.\ '
\ 2 -
III. THE MOON.
15-
1 6. Shadow.
17. 7>V/<?j.
IV. MERCURY.
14. Irregular motion.
1. Solar.
2. Lunar.
1. Length (228,000 miles).
2. Breadth (128 miles).
Flood.
Ebb.
Diameter (3000 miles).
2. Rotation (24 hours}.
3. Revolution.
Copernicus.
Height of mountains.
< i. Sidereal (88 days).
/ 2. Synodic (116 days).
V. VENUS.
VI. MARS.
,
2. Time of occurrence.
4. Elongation (28^).
5. Light and heat.
6.
7-
1. Phases.
2. Diameter (7510).
3. Mountains.
4. Rotation (23 hours).
5 . Revolution. J ' idereal < 22 4* days).
6. Seasons.
7. Transits.
1 8. Apparent motion.
1. Phases.
2. Apparent motions.
3. Inclination.
4. Diameter (4300 miles).
5. Rotation (24$ hours).
Synodic (584^ days).
VII JUPITER
'
1. Diameter (85,000).
2. Rotation (10 hours nearly).
ASTRONOMY.
VII. JUPITER.
VIII. SATURN.-!
IX. URANUS.
X. NEPTUNE.
'4. Oblateness (5000).
5. Velocity (5000 miles in minute).
6. Belts. , T.U xi,, m K f * 2 3 miles.
^^^^i^afiSiil;
1. Inclination. 1 J- 34OO mi es.
2. /fo/ a /w (io* *H,rj). I* *9 miles '
7 Revolution \ l - sidereal ( IO -759 days, or, 29* years).
3. Kevolutzon. j 2 Synodical (3?8 days)i
4. Diameter (74,000).
5. Oblateness (7800).
(i. Interior.
2. Anterior.
3. Rotation.
I 4. Stability.
[ 5. Appearance.
(" i. Mimas.
2. Enceladus.
3. Tethys.
4. Dione.
5. Rhea.
6. Titan.
7. Hyperion.
8. Japetus.
1. Eccentricity (82,000,000 miles).
2. Inclination (46$')-
3. Diameter (33,247).
4. Rotation (unknown).
5. **/&. i ' Sidereal <3-68 7 days).
1 6. Satellites.
8. Satellites.
Synodic (369.65 days).
T i. Ariel.
J 2. Umbriel.
1 3. Titania.
[4. Oberon.
1. Eccentricity (24,000,000 miles).
2. Inclination (if ).
3. Diameter (37,000).
4. Revolution. ' idereal (60,127 days).
5.
,
'
i 2 -
CHAPTER III. MINOR PLANETS, COMETS. ETC.
1. Average distance from sun (260,000,000).
2. Inclination of their orbits.
3. Eccentricity.
4. Largest (Pallas).
5. Brightest (Vestor).
6. Faintest (Atalanta).
7. Their natural attraction.
8. Affected motions.
9. Their masses.
I. MINOR PLANETS.
146
TREASURY OF FACTS.
II. COMETS.
1. Parabolas.
2. Hyperbolas.
3. Elements.
4. Elliptic comets.
5. The number (From 4000 to 5000).
6. Their size.
7. Masses and densities.
8. Tails.
9. Remarkable
Comets.
r i. Meteors.
III. METEORS
AND STARS.
IV. NEBULA.
Stars.
1. Of 1680 (Tail 120,000,000 miles).
2. Halley's Comet.
3. Lexell's Comet.
4. Comet of 1774 (six tails).
5. Biela's Comet.
6. Comet of 1811 (Tail 25 long and 6*
wide).
7. Donati's Comet.
[8. Comet of 1861 (Tail 100 long).
1. Meteoric epochs.
2. Fire Balls.
Annual Parallax.
1. Sirius.
2. Regulus.
3. Arcturus.
4. Whole number (109).
I 5. Northern Constella-
tion.
6. Zodiacal Constella-
tion.
7. Southern Constella-
tion.
2. Magnitudes.
3. Constellations.
4. Star names.
5. Star figures.
6. Apparent places.
7. Solar Nutation.
8. Aberration.
9. Galaxy.
10. Proper motion of stars.
11. Multiple stars.
. 1 i. Orbits.
12. Binary, j 2 periods
13. Constitution of stars.
14. Variable stars.
15. Clusters.
1. Distance.
2. Elliptic.
3. Annular.
4. Spiral.
5. Planetary.
6. Stellar.
7. Nebulous.
8. Irregular Nebula.
9. Double Nebula.
10. Variable Nebula.
SECTION XXIII.
METHODS OF INSTRUCTION, OR THE
ART OF TEACHING.
I. THE ELEMENTS.
OF KNOWLEDGE.
CHAPTER I. LANGUAGE AND PHYSICAL SCIENCE.
' I . Should teach to exercise the senses.
2. Should teach to speak correctly.
3. Pupils should be inspired to seek for knowledge.
4. The teaching should be such as would inspire a
love for the good and the true.
5. The elements of the Arts should be taught.
' i. Their design.
2. The matter for lesson.
3. Preparation for lesson.
4. Manner of conducting les-
son.
f i. Taught from books.
2. Taught from cards.
3. Taught from black-
board.
4. Taught from
blocks.
1. Names of pictures.
2. Names of words.
3. Names of letters.
1. The alphabetic method.
2. Phonic alphabetic method.
3. Phonetic alphabetic method.
4. By Association.
5. Eclective method.
1. Oral spelling.
2. Writing on slates.
3. Writing on blackboards.
4. Poor spelling.
5. Dictation exercises.
Pronunciation, j J; Articulation.
II. INSTRUCTIONS
IN LANGUAGE.
6. Should teach
Object lessons.
I. Prim a ry
Reading.
The A, B,
C, Method.
The Word
Method.
2. Pronunciation.
3. Orthography.
4. Reading
as an Art.
Modu-
lation.
fi. Pitch.
2. Force
(.3-
Is
Accent.
1. Low.
2. Medium.
3. High.
Loud.
Moderate.
Gentle.
148
TREASURY OF FACTS.
1. Pure.
2. Orotund.
(-2. Mpdu- ( 3. Qual- I 3. Guttural.
lation. \ ity. ] 4. Aspirated.
3. Expression. j 5. Pectoral.
. 4. Posture. [6. Tremulous.
-4. Reading , 5, Gesture. (" i. Prominent words.
J Art, \ o DpfinP wnrHc
II. INSTRUCTIONS
IN LANGUAGE.
6. Analyze
Subject.
2. Define words.
3. Define sentences.
4. Explain language.
5. Explain marks.
c i. Parts of
speech.
5. Gram-
mar.
6. Bring out sentiment.
7. Give manner of de-
livery.
8. Tell why.
1. Begin at verbs.
2. Nouns.
3. Adjectives.
4. Adverbs.
5. Pronouns.
6. Preposition.
7. Conjunction.
8. Interjection.
1. Use words.
2. Phrases.
3. Clauses.
2. Build sen-
tences ^
6. E 1 e-
ments.
6.Rheto-\ i. Dis-
ric. \ course.
4. Give subject.
5. Give predicate.
1. Adjective.
2. Adverbial.
3. I n d e p e n-
dent.
4. Connectives.
1. Orations.
2. Lectures.
3. Essays.
4. Fictions.
5. Narratives.
6. Letters.
f i. Epic.
2. Lyric.
3. Pastoral.
i. Prose.
2. Poetry.
3. Qualities
of Dis-
course.
4. Didactic.
5. Dramatic.
6. Satires.
1. Purity.
2. Propriety.
3. Precision.
4. Perspicuity.
5. Strength.
6. Euphony.
7. Harmony.
8. Unity.
METHODS OF INSTRUCTION.
149
(6. Rheto-
ric.
II. INSTRUCTIONS
IN LANGUAGE.
III. GEOGRAPHY.
IV. HISTORY.
i. Dis-
course.
2. Compo-
sition.
1. Dry.
2. Plain.
3. Neat.
4. Style of 4. Elegant.
Dis- t Florid.
course. 6. Simple.
7. Labored.
8. Concise.
[ 9. Nervous.
1. Teach conversation upon
familiar subjects.
2. Reproduce reading les-
sons.
3. Write about familiar sub-
jects.
4. Write from dictation ex-
7. Logic.
ercises.
5. Correct faulty sentences.
6. Reproduce narratives read
by teacher.
7. Assign simple subjects.
8. Teach higher composition.
1. Teach its definitions and use.
2. Teach its inductions.
3. Teach its demonstrations.
[ 4. Teach its applications.
1. Teach familiar objects in school-room.
2. Teach similar objects around school premises.
3. Teach similar objects at a distance.
4. Teach the measure of distance by objects at differ-
ent points in the room.
5. Enlarge upon distance from school-room to places
in the neighborhood.
6. Expand to different places in the District.
7. Go from one inch, to one foot, then the number of
feet in a mile, and to the whole distance from place
to place.
8. Teach direction, first in the room, after, as distance
9. Teach from maps and globes.
10. Teach geographical terms.
11. Teach township geography.
12. Teach map drawing.
13. Teach particular geography.
14. Teach the earth as a whole.
15. Teach the form and size of the earth.
16. Teach the motions of the earth.
17. Physical construction of the earth.
1 8. Plants, animals, and minerals.
19. Political geography.
20. The Earth as a planet.
21. Its relation to the other heavenly bodies.
1. Teach familiar facts.
2. Teach that any fact is history.
TREASURY OF FACTS.
3. Teach that facts compiled make history.
4. Have pupils repeat facts.
5. Teach strong facts.
6. Teach interesting facts.
7. Inspire a love for history.
IV. HISTORY. -I 8. Then show how facts connected make up the contin-
uous history of the country.
9. Don't dwell upon dates, except the very important.
10. Teach the relation existing between facts.
n. Teach contemporaneous history.
12. Teach the philosophy of history.
I. ARITHMETIC.
I. Elementary.
CHAPTER II. MATHEMATICS AND ART.
1. Teach to count ; Blackboard ex-
ercises in counting marks, etc.
2. Teach to make figures.
3. Teach to write numbers by fig-
ures.
4. Teach to read numbers.
5. Teach to add numbers.
6. Teach to subtract numbers.
7. Teach to multiply numbers.
8. Teach to divide numbers.
9. Teach principles of Addition, Sub-
traction, etc.
10. Be thorough in teaching princi-
ples.
n. Teach the combination of num-
bers.
12. Teach practical problems in the
four rules.
13. Apply their knowledge to every-
day business.
1. Teach the relation of numbers to
numbers.
2. Teach the relation of numbers to
fractions.
3. Teach the relation of fractions to
numbers.
4. Teach the relation of fractions to
fractions.
5. Teach factoring.
6. Teach Common Divisor.
7. Teach Common Multiple.
8. Drill thorough on these principles.
Teach them orally.
They are only concrete numbers, the
denominator naming the object.
2. Relation of
numbers.
(I
3. Fractions. J 2,
METHODS OF INSTRUCTION.
f 3. Fractions,
I. ARITHMETIC.
4. Decimals.
Down.
3. The different kinds.
4. The methods of operation.
5. Teach the principles.
6. Teach them practically, or written.
7. Teach pupils to form problems em-
bracing simple fractions.
8. Give plenty of practical problems out-
side of the book.
9. Teach application of rules as de-
rived from solutions.
1. Teach to write decimals.
2. Be thorough on the place of point.
3. Teach to read decimals.
4. Teach to add decimals.
5. Teach to subtract decimals.
6. Teach to multiply decimals.
7. Teach to divide decimals.
I 8. The principles.
9. The application of decimals to Uni-
ted States money.
10. Their application to per cent., etc.
11. Teach reduction to common frac-
tions, and vice versa.
12. Practical problems. / TT
1. Reduction.
2. Addition.
3. Subtraction.
5. Denominate I 4. Multiplication.
Numbers. \ 5. Division.
6. Applications to every-day business.
7. Principles of relation between dif-
ferent tables.
i~ Teach the relation between this, and
Multiplication and Division.
2. Apply relation of numbers.
3. Teach principles.
4. Make practical problems. [ness.
5. Apply principles as proof of correct-
[ 6. Apply rules to solutions.
1. Teach the terms used.
2. Teach the principles.
3. Teach the formulas.
4. Teach the applications.
5. Teach the solution of problems.
6. Teach the application of rules.
8. Alligation. The same as proportion.
i. First.
i. Teach quantities. 2. Second.
r. zv/, \ 2 - Principles. 3. Number of
9. rrogres- \ ^ ^5, the terms terms
1 4. Application to I 4. Last term.
practical problems. 5. Common differ-
ence.
6. Ratio and
Proportion.
7. Percentage,
Interest, etc.
152
TREASURY OF FACTS.
I. ARITHMETIC.
f 10. Involution.
II. Evolution.
12. Mensuration.
II. ALGEBRA.
III. GEOMETRY.
IV. ART, PENMANSHIP.
V. DRAWINjG.
( I. The principles.
' \ 2. Demonstrations.
1. Principles.
2. Demonstra- j r. Square Root,
tions. \ 2. Cube Root.
1. Principles.
2. Terms.
3. figures.
[4. Applications.
1. Teach symbols.
2. Teach the idea.
3. Teach the solution of problems.
4. Teach equations.
5. Teach the principles.
6. Teach general applications.
{i. Teach the forms of figures.
2. Theorems.
3. Practical applications.
4. Demonstrations of problems.
{ i . Teach conception of letters.
2. Teach parts of letters.
3. Teach formation of letters.
4. Teach words.
[ 5. Teach sentences.
1. Form straight lines.
2. Form curved lines.
3. Make forms from straight lines.
4. Make forms from curved lines.
5. Imitation of objects.
6. Invent forms.
7. Copy pictures of objects.
8. Draw pictures from memory.
9. Draw real objects from memory.
SECTION XXIV.
SCIENCE OF TEACHING, OR SCHOOL
MANAGEMENT.
CHAPTER I. SCHOOL GRADES, STUDIES, FURNITURE AND
APPARATUS.
1. To concentrate teaching force.
2. To lessen the expense of teach-
ing.
3. To secure the greatest good.
I. SCHOOL GRADES.
I. Reasons for
grading.
4. To facilitate labor.
II. SCHOOL
STUDIES.
I. High
5. To promote good order.
6. To stimulate pupils to excel.
7. To provide higher instruction.
8. To provide schools to educate
children at home.
{i. Union grade.
2. Separate grades.
3. By central, high-school, and town-
ship primaries.
{i. Primary.
2. Intermediate.
3. Grammar.
4. High school.
Grammar.
Rhetoric.
i. Higher Arithme-
tic.
3. Number of grades.
1. Language.
' 3. Logic.
2. Physical Science.
3. Mathematical Science.
4. Mental Science.
5. Moral Science.
6. Vocal Music..
1. Language. 1
2. Reading. ( 3
2. Algebra.
3. Geometry.
4. Trigonometry,
etc.
Grammar.
Elements of Rhetoric.
Literature.
3. Intermediate.
4. Mathematics.
5. Penmanship.
6. Drawing.
f i. Elements of Geography.
2. Language.
3. Elements of Arithmetic.
4. Penmanship.
2. Elements of Higher
Arithmetic.
154
II. SCHOOL
STUDIES.
TREASURY OF FACTS.
1-3. Intermediate
14.
III. FURNITURE.
IV. APPARATUS.
.jl:
(7-
Drawing.
Reading.
Spelling.
f I. Object teaching.
c i. Desks.
2. Platform.
1. Geography.
2. Language.
3. Composition.
4. Arithmetic.
4. Spelling.
" i. Number of desks.
2. Size of desks.
3. Arrangement of desks.
4. Teacher's desk.
5. Ink table or desk.
6. Kind of desks.
1. Position.
2. Size.
3. Height.
1. Size.
2. Position.
3. Use.
3. Blackboard.
4. Clock.
5. Call bell.
6. Umbrella-stand.
7. Hat-rack.
8. Settees for -visitors.
9. Chairs.
. 10. Brooms and Brushes.
1. Elementary chart.
2. Writing and drawing charts.
3. Numerical frames.
4. Square and Cubical blocks.
5. Globes.
6. Outline maps and charts.
7. Philosophical apparatus.
8. Cabinets.
9. Libraries.
10. Dictionary.
n. Bible.
12. Receptacle for these things.
CHAPTER II. ORGANIZATION OF SCHOOL.
1. See the citizens with respect to school.
2. See your predecessor.
3. Have a first day's programme.
4. Temporary seating.
I. TEMPORARY. \ 5. Fix opening and closing time.
6. Fix recess hours.
7. Fix arrangement for privileges.
8. Regulate whispering.
9. Make regulations for exercise.
SCIENCE OF TEACHING.
155
II. PERMANENT.
1 . Fix the branches to be taught.
2. Fix the branches to be studied by individuals.
3. Arrange for the use of text books.
4. Arrange for oral teaching.
5. Arrange for classification.
6. Arrange a time for study.
7. Arrange a time for recitation.
8. Arrange a good programme.
9. See what pupils to be admitted.
10. Fix the limits of the school.
11. Fix the length of the day.
12. Fix the length of the recess.
13. Fix the time for closing.
14. Arrange for calling and dismissing classes.
15. Arrange for granting special privileges.
1 6. Arrange for giving special aid to pupils.
17. Arrange for general business.
1 8. Arrange for exercise of discipline.
2. Incentives to study.
I. STUDY.
CHAPTER III. EMPLOYMENT OF SCHOOL.
1. To gain knowledge.
2. For mental discipline.
'i. Object of study. { 3. To stimulate pupils to aspirations for
the true and noble.
4. To create efficiency in pupils,
f i. Prizes.
2. Merit marks.
3. Emulation.
4. Fear of punishment.
5. Shame.
6. Ridicule.
7. Approval of teacher.
8. Approval of parents.
9. Approval of society.
10. To gain honorable positions in
school and elsewhere.
1 1. Desire for knowledge.
12. The hope of success in life.
1. Should have an object.
2. Should notice facts.
3. Should write down facts.
4. Compare facts.
5. Classify facts.
6. Should make a generalization of
facts.
7. Should learn to distinguish universal
facts and principles.
8. Should seek for the particular prin-
ciple.
3. Manner of study.
5 6
TREASURY OF FACTS.
I. STUDY.
3. Manner of study.
4. Character of
the student.
f i. The Objects. >
9. Should demonstrate the principles.
10. Should begin at the elements.
n. Should pursue a logical order.
12. Should study one thing at a time.
13. Should study to understand.
14. Should review constantly.
[15. Converse about what you study.
f I. They must have a desire to learn.
2. They must have a high ideal.
3. They must rely upon themselves.
4. They must persevere.
5. They must concentrate their mental
forces.
6. They must cultivate accuracy.
7. They must have patience.
8. They must continue to the end.
9. They must not be proud.
" i. To estimate pupils' progress.
2. For pupils to express their knowl-
edge of the subject.
3. To create self-confidence.
II. RECITATION.
%
4. To fix facts in the mind.
2. Requisites necessary.
of
3. Manner of con-
ducting the rec-
itation.
5. For the teacher to illustrate.
6. For the teacher to add new matter.
7. To receive moral instructions.
8. To acquire fluency of speech.
" i. A proper place.
2. Necessary apparatus.
3. Perfect order.
4. Sufficient time.
5. Close attention.
6. Thorough knowledge
subject by the teacher.
7. Books for reference.
By lecturing, or orally.
By the conversational method.
By the topical method.
By the catechetical method.
The questions should be defi-
nite.
6. The questions should be adapt-
ed to the capacity of the pupils.
7. They should be logical.
8. They should be exhaustive.
9. They should be concise.
10. They should be clear.
n. They should not be direct.
12. They should be adapted to the
subject.
13. They should be in proper lan-
guage.
14. The pupil should take a good
position.
SCIENCE OF TEACHING.
157
II. RECITATION.
3. Manner of con-
ducting the rec-
itation.
r I. By the
Pupil.
4. Prepara-
tion for
Recitation,
III. EXERCISE.
1. Necessity for exercise.
2. Time for exercise.
3. Proper place for exercise.
4. Manner of exercise.
5. The teacher during exercise. [
6. The teacher to exercise personally.
7. Gymnastics.
15. The pupil should answer only
what asked.
1 6. The answer should cover the
whole question.
17. The answer should be correct.
1 8. The answer should be logical.
19. The answer should be under-
stood.
20. The answer should suit the
question.
21. The answer should be concise.
22. The answer should be founded
on authority.
23. The answer may be in concert.
24. The answer may be written.
25. Errors should be corrected by,
the pupils.
26. Errors should be corrected by
the teacher.
1. Must study lesson.
2. Must study the answer.
3. Must study gracefulness
of position.
4. Must cultivate a liking for
instruction.
" i. Must familiarize him-
self with lesson.
2. Arrange lesson into
parts.
3. Prepare proper ques-
tions.
4. Arrange a plan of
recitation.
5. Prepare illustrations.
6. Prepare apparatus.
7. Must prepare his per-
son to appear respect-
ably before class.
2. By Teach-
er.
CHAPTER IV. THE GOVERNMENT OF SCHOOL.
1. To themselves.
2. To one another.
3. To school property.
HP PTIP c 4- To the teacher.
>ILS. : 5 To the school officers
6. To the school.
7. To the visitors.
8. To the community.
158
TREASURY OF FACTS.
II. OFFENCES OF PUPILS. -
i. Against them-
selves.
2. Against each
other.
3. Against the
Property.
4. Against the
Teacher.
1. By injuring their prop-
erty.
2. By injuring their person.
3. By neglecting to learn.
4. By bad manners.
5. By bad habits.
6. By immorality.
1. Theft.
2. Destroying property.
3. Injuring persons.
4. Accusing falsely.
5. Enticing to wrong.
6. Slandering.
1. Destroying by accident.
2. Destroying wilfully, [erty.
3. Aiding in destroying prop-
1. Disobedience.
2. Disrespect.
3. Conspiracy.
4. Destroying property.
5. Against
School.
the
Ill. RETRIBUTION. <
Slandering.
1. Evil speaking.
2. General disobedience.
3. Neglect to study.
4. Irregular attendance.
^ 5. General wrongdoing.
)i. Disturbing the peace.
2. Trespassing.
3- Injuring property.
4. Rude and disrespectful treat-
ment of people.
(I. Profanity.
2. Immoral conduct.
3. Vulgarity.
4. Disrespect for religion.
1. Approval of teacher.
2. Approval of parents.
1. Rewards. \ 3 " Approval of society.
1 4. Success in life.
5. Gifts from teachers.
[ 6. Honorable position.
1. Private reproof.
2. Repairing damage.
3. Performance of duties,
4. Forfeiture of privileges.
5. Acknowledgment of offence.
2. Punishments. \ 6 " Personal chastisement.
7. Suspension.
8. Expulsion.
9. Scolding.
10. Sarcasm.
11. Personal indignities.
12. Torture.
SCIENCE OF TEACHING.
159
IV. LEGISLATION
IN GENERAL.
Means of
disorder. 1
f i. Unsuitable accommodations.
' 2 - Unqualified teachers.
2. Correcting dis-
order.
B ad man- ' To man y rules>
* n ^ 2. Pupils not punished.
agement. } ?> ^ rk not spected
' r . By punishing offenders.
2. By pardoning offenders.
By teaching what is right.
General Ad-
ministration.
4. By enforcing claims ofright.
5. By inspiring pupils to do right.
1. To detect offenders.
2. To choose kind of punishment.
3. To inflict punishment.
CHAPTER V. SCHOOL AUTHORITIES.
I. THE SCHOOL OFFICERS.
II. THE PEOPLE IN GENERAL.
III. THE TEACHER.
1. The family.
2. The church.
3. The community.
[ 4. The State.
1. Must have a pure motive.
f i. Physically.
2. Must be well qualified. \ 2 " M^rally 1 ^'
I 4. Professionally.
3. Must have a proper idea of work.
4. Must have a knowledge of the human mind.
5. Must be proficient in educational means.
6. Must be thorough in the science of teaching.
7. Must be skilled in government.
8. Must be thorough in discipline.
9. Must understand
wants of pupils.
10. Must understand
his relation to the
Profession.
II. Must appreciate
his responsibilities.
the \2
( 3. Moral.
"i. Should be a thorough
scholar.
2. Should be a dignified gen-
tleman or lady.
3. Should make professional
improvement.
4. Should aid his fellow-
teachers.
1. For the bodily health. of
pupils.
2. For their intel 1 e c t u a 1
growth.
3. For their moral training.
4. For their habits.
INDEX.
ACCENT i
Analysis of words 2
Adjectives 5
Adverbs 6
Analysis of sentences 7
Arrangement 10
Affirmation 16
Average and exclusion 17
Analysis 17
Adams' administration 26
Arthur's inauguration 29
Authors 30, 31
Animals 43
Atmosphere 52
Animals 55
Annuloida 66
Annulosa 66, 67
Aves 68,69
Arrangement of muscles 72
Appendages of the skin 72
Air 81
Acoustic tubes 84
Atmospheric electricity 85
Artificial magnets 85
Animal susceptibility 89
Arsenic 94
Addition 108, 126
Applications 118
Alligation 120
Arithmetical progression 120
Applications of cube root 122
Annuities .... 122
Axioms 125, 126, 132
Astronomy 142
Arithmetic, teaching 150, 151, 152
Art 152
Algebra 152
Apparatus 154
BUCHANAN'S ADMINISTRATION 28
Battles of 1775 32, 33
Battles of 1676-77 33, 34
Battles of 1778-80 34, 35
Battles of 1781 35
Botany 53, 59
Bones 71
Bathing necessary 72
Brain 75
Bills in
Banking 119
CLASSIFICATION OF WORDS 2, 4
Conjunctions 6
Classes of sentences 7, 8
Collecting material 10
Composition 12
Conceptions 14
Cause and effect 14
Copula 15
Cardinal propositions 15
Complex propositions 15
Compound propositions 15
Comparative judgment 15
Conditional judgment 16
Classification of syllogisms 16
Conversion of syllogisms 16
Comparative syllogisms 16
Compound judgment 16
INDEX.
Connecticut 21
Carolina, North 24
Carolina, South ' 24, 25
Climate 42, 47, 52
Cities 48
Continents 49
Coast 47
Concussions 57
Cryptogamous 62
Ccelenterata 66
Circulation 73
Cranial nerves 75
Chromatics 83
Classification of acts of the will 90
Conception of causality 90
Classification of causes 90
Competency of the mind 90
Chemistry 91
Composition 92
Chlorine 94
Copper 94
Constitution 97, 100
County officers 98
Cities and towns 98
Cpnfederation 100
Courts 102
Crimes 102
Constitutional amendments 103
Civil rights 103
Contracts 103, 104
Circulates 1 1 1
Common divisor in
Common multiple 112
Cancellation 112
Cases of percentage 1 18
Commission and brokerage 119
Circle 123, 135, 138
Circumference of circles 135
Cylinder 139
Cone 139
Cylindrical rings 139
Comets 146
Character 156
DEVELOPMENT OF STATES 25
Derivation of words 2, 4
PAGE
Diacritical marks 2
Diction 10
Difference and resemblance 14
Distribution of terms 15
Disjunctive syllogisms 16
Discoveries 18
Delaware 23
Devonian series 57
Diseases of the muscles 74
Diseases of the skin 74
Diseases of the lungs 73
Diseases of the blood 74
Diseases of the digestion 75
Digestion 75
Diffusion of heat 82
Discrimination of acts of the will. ... 90
Decay of plants 93
Democratic government 96
Divisions of government 97
Divisions of the federal government. 100
Distribution of property without wills 105
Definitions 107
Division 109, no, 113, 128
Decimal fractions no, in
Denominate fractions 116
Direct exchange 120
Division of algebra 127
Drawing 152
Duties of pupils 157
ELEMENTARY SOUNDS -. i
Expression 3
Extra logical 16
Elimination 17
Explorations 18,19
Early settlements 19
Events of 1812-14 35, 36
Events in 1861 37
Events in 1862-63 37, 38
Events in 1864-65 38, 39
Extent 46
Earthquakes 5. 57
Electrical phenomena 53
Ethnography 53 54
Exogenous 59, 60, 6 1
Endogenous 61, 62
INDEX.
163
Eyes, the 70
Elastic fluids 81
Effects of heat 82
Electrical machines 85
Electro-magnetism 86
Exercise of capacity for willing 90
Effect of heat on wood 93
Electors 97
Elections 97
Enacting laws 97
Education 98, 99
Executive 100
Equasion of payments 120
Evolution 121
Equasions of two or more unknown
quantities 120
Equasions of quadratics 131
Ellipse 138
Earth 143
Exercise 157
FIGURES 2, g
Fallacies 16
Filmore's administration 27
French and Indian War 31, 32
Flowers 65
Force 77
Fundamental facts 86
Fixed stars 87
Final rule for disputed facts 88
First law of chemical attraction 95
Federal government 101
Fraudulent transfer 104
Factoring ill, 127
Fractions 112, 128
Formulas 127
Frustrum 139
Furniture 154
GOVERNMENT 48
Georgia 25
Grant's administration 28, 29
Garfield's administration 29
Geography 41
Government 46
Geology 49, 56
General structure of earth 49
Glands of the skin 72
Gravity 78, 79
Grounds of certainty 90
Growth of plants 92
Granite 93
Gold 95
Governmental science 96
Gain or loss 1 18
Geometrical progression 121, 131
Geometry 132, 1 52
HISTORY 18, 48, 149, 150
Harrison's administration 27
Hayes' administration 29
Health and disease 76
Hydrostatics 80
Hydraulics 81
Heavenly bodies 142
INTERJECTIONS 6
Immediate inference 15
Ideas in method 17
Induction and analogy 17
Internal improvement 47
Islands 49 54
Inflorescence 64, 65
Integument or skin 72
Inclined plane 80
Iron 94
Inorganic food 74
Interest 105
International law 106
Insurance 119
Interest, simple 119
Instructions in language .... 147, 148, 149
JUDGMENT 15
Jackson's administration 27
John Q. Adams' administration 26, 27
Johnson's administration 28
Jurassic period 58
Judicial 99
Jupiter 144, 145
KING WILLIAM'S WAR 31
164
INDEX.
King George's War 31
Kinds of food 74, 75
Kinds of fractions 112
LAWS OF MOTION 77
Language I
Letters I
Logic 14
Lincoln's administration 28
Land 42
Local geography 46
Lakes. 47, S l
Leaves 62, 63
Levers of the first class '79
Levers of the second class 79
Levers of the third class 79
Laws of attraction 85
Law of intensity 83
Law of refraction 83
Law of attraction 80
Law of polarity 86
Lead 95
Landlord and tenant 115
Length 115
Longitude and time 1 16
Lines and angles 132
Legislation in general 159
MODALITY OF JUDGMENT 15
Matter of method 17
Methods of investigation 17
Methods of proof 17
Massachusetts Bay colony 20, 21
Maryland 23, 24
Madison's administration 26
Miscellaneous events 29
Mathematical geography 41, 42
Mountains 49, 54
Moisture of the atmosphere 52
Molusca 67
Mammalia 69, 70
Modifications of the breath 73
Muscles 72
Matter 77
Machines 79, 80
Mu-irnl sounds 84
Mineralogy 55
Musical instruments 84
Magnetism 85
Meteorology 5 -> 87
Mental philosophy 88
Mind, an agent 90
Mind can attain its own end 90
Marble 93
Mercury 95
Monarchical government 96
Militia 99
Miscellaneous provisions of Constitu-
tion 103
Municipal law 103
Multiplication 108, 116, 126, 128, 130
M iscellaneous weights 114, 116
Mensuration 122
Multiple 112, 128
Measurement of angles 133
Moon 144
Mercury 144
Mars 144
Minor planets 145
Meteors 146
Methods of instruction 147
NOUNS 4, 5
New Hampshire 22
New York 22
New Jersey 23
North Carolina 24
Nations 45
Natural advantages 47
Nervous system 75
Natural philosophy * 77
Nature of heat 81
Nature of light 82
Natural inability 91
Numbers 107
Notation and numeration 107
Neptune 145
Nebulae 146
ORTHOGRAPHY 1,4
Orthoepy 2, 3
Orators 1
INDEX.
,65
Occupations 46, 47, 48
Outline 4 6
Oceans 51
Oceanic movements 51
Optical phenomena 53
Organs of respiration 73
Organs of voice 73
Organs of circulation 73
Organic food 74
Optics 82
Optical instruments 84
Offences of pupils 158
PRONOUNS 5
Prepositions 6
Parsing 8
Prosody 8
Punctuation - 8
Points II
Prose 12
Poetry 12, 13
Probable judgment 15
Pure categorical 16
Probable syllogisms 16
Plymouth colony 20, 2 1
Pennsylvania : 23
Folk's administration 27
Prince's administration 28
Progress 30
Pontiac's War 32
Plants 43i S5> 62
Political geography 43
Physical needs of man 44, 45
Position of state 46
Physical geography 49
Progression 57
Phenogamous plants 59
Protozoa. 66
Physiology 71
Proper food necessary 74
Properties of matter 77
Pulleys 80
Pneumatic machines 81
Pyronomics 81
Propagation of light 83
Properties of the magnet 85
Production of artificial magnets 86
Planets, the 87
Phosphorus 94
Public institutions 99
President, the 102
Principles of law 103
Principal and agent 104
Partnership 104
Principles of fractions 112, 128
Principles of ratio 1 17
Proportion 117, 134
Principles of proportion 117
Percentage 117
Principles of percentage 1 18
Premium and discount 1 18
Partnership 120
Powers and roots 129
Powers 129
Principles of involution 121
Plane figures 132
Polygons 133, 134, 138
Planes and angles 136
Pyramid 137, 138
Principles of trigonometry 140
Practical principles 141
Planets 143
Permanent organization 155
People in general, the 159
QUALITY OF JUDGMENT 15
Queen Anne's War 31
Quantity 125
Quadratics 131
Quadrilaterals 133
RHETORIC 10
Redundant syllogisms 16
Refutation 17
Rhode Island 21, 22
Races of men 43, 44
Religion 46
Rivers 50, 54
Rainfall 55
Rocks 56
Root 65
Reptilia 67, 68
166
INDEX.
Respiration 73
Reflection and reflecting surfaces. ... 83
Refraction of light 83
Reflection of sound 4
Reason 9
Rational susceptibility tf 9
Rights of persons 96
Rights of things 96
Real estate 105
Rules of peace 106
Rules of war 106
Rights and duties of belligerents .... 106
Rights and duties of neutrals 106
Roman notation 107, 108
Reduction of fractions 112, 113
Reduction 116
Ratio 117
Roots 129
Radicals 130
Recitation 156, 157
Retribution 158
SYLLABLES i
Spelling 2
Synthesis 7
Syntax 7
Selection of subject 10
Style 10
Sentences 10
Substances and properties 14
Syllogisms 16
South Carolina 24, 25
States of society 45
Surface 47
Springs 50, 54
Stratified 56
Silurian series 57
Stem of plant 64
Seed 65
Skeleton 71
Sources of food 74
Sympathetic system 76
Screw 80
Source of heat 81
Source of light 83
Shadows 83
Solar system 86, 87
Sense 88
Susceptibility 89
Spiritual 89
Substance of plants 92, 93
Sandstone <vj
Slate 93
Soils 94
Sulphur 94
Silver 95
State government 97
State officers 97 , 98
Sales of property 104
Services 105
Shipping 105
Subtraction 108, 126
Surface 115
Simple interest 119
Settlement of accounts 120
Sphere 124, 139
Signs 125
Squares on lines 134
Similar triangles 135
Solids 136
Spherical geometry 137
Spherical trigonometry 140, 141
Sun 143, 144
Saturn 145
School grades 1 53
School studies 1 53
Science of teaching 1 53
Study 155, 156
School authorities 159
TERMS 14
Terms of a proposition 15
Tyler's administration 27
Taylor's administration 27
Temperature 52
Trassic series 57
Tin 95
Township officers 98
Terms of fractions .-. . . 112
Time 115,
Terms, 117, 125, 128, 129, 131, 140, 142
True discount 119
INDEX.
i6 7
Taxes 119
Triangle 138
Trapezoid 138
Trapezium 138
Theorems 140
Trigonometry 140
Temporary 1 54
The teacher 1 59
USES OF CAPITALS 12
Unstratified rocks 56
Understanding 88
United States government 100
Uranus 145
VERBS 5, 6
Variety 1 1
Versification 8
Virginia 19, 20
Van Buren's administration 27
Valleys 50
Volcanoes 50, 57
Voice 73
Vision 83, 84
Value 113, 114
Volume and capacity 115
Volumes 123, 124
Venus 144
WASHINGTON'S ADMINISTRATION. . . 25
Wars of United States 31
War of revolution 32, 33, 34, 35
War of 1812 35
War with Mexico .* 36, 37
War of Rebellion 37, 38, 39, 40
Water 42, 91
Winds 52
Woody plants 65
Wheel and axle 79, 80
Wedge 80
Wheel work 80
Will, the 89
Wills 105
Weight 114
ZOOLOGY.
Zinc...
53.66
.. 95
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