Garages and 
 Motor Boat Houses 
 
 !■' i 
 
 :en Strcft
 
 II- 
 
 r^ jj 
 
 UNIV. OF CALIF. LIBRARY. LOS ANGELES 
 
 \ 
 
 1, 1 H K A R Y 
 MYRON HUNT ARCHITECT 
 
 MVROS HUNT and H.C.CHAMllKKS 
 
 Los Anoki.ks, Calif. 
 
 V 
 
 A C
 
 «t<a >
 
 Garages and Motor Boat 
 
 GARAGE 
 CONSTRUCTION 
 
 Houses 
 
 GARAGE 
 Ei^lPMEN'I 
 
 Comprising a large number of designs for both private and 
 commercial buildings. Showing the latest ideas in their 
 planning and construction. For the country, suburban towns 
 and cities. Also motor boat houses. The designs are contrib- 
 uted by architects from different sections of the United States 
 
 COMPILED BY 
 
 WM. PHILLIPS COMSTOCK 
 
 Editor of the "Architects' and Builders' IWagazine" 
 
 NEW YORK 
 
 THE WILLIAM T. COMSTOCK COMPANY 
 
 23 WARREN STREET
 
 Copyright, 1911 
 
 by 
 
 The William T. Comstock Co.
 
 stack 
 Annex 
 
 ^ V - / / / 
 
 C7 
 
 CONTENTS 
 
 Introduction 
 
 PAGE 
 
 5 
 
 Part I. Private Country and Suburban Garages 7 
 
 Part II. Private City Garages 49 
 
 Part III. Suburban and City Public Garages 63 
 
 Part IV. Motor Boat Garages 91 
 
 Part V. Garage Equipments and Accessories 97
 
 Architects Who Have Contributed to This Work 
 
 Andri;\vs, F. M. Sc Co i Madison Avenue New York 
 
 Andrews, Jaques & RAXTOUL.50 Congress Street Boston, Mass. 
 
 Baily & Bassett 421 Chestnut Street Philadelphia, Pa. 
 
 BovD, D. KXICK.ERBACKER. . . .loii Harrison Bldg Philadelphia, Pa. 
 
 Cobb, Albert Winslow 31 Court Square, So Springfield, Mass 
 
 Ebeling, Bernard .... 1136 Walker Avenue (Bronx) New York 
 
 Ely^ JoiiM H. & WiLSOxV C. . .784 Broad Street Newark, N. J. 
 
 Gilbert, C. P. H 1 133 Broadway New York 
 
 GoLDSTONE, L. A 12 W. 32d Street New York 
 
 Gray, Albert M 1402 Broadway New York 
 
 Hill & James 15 Ashburton Place Boston, Mass. 
 
 Jones, W. D 881 Broad Street Newark, N. J. 
 
 K.AHX, Albert 58-60 Lafayette Boulevard Detroit, Mich. 
 
 KiLHAM & Hopkins 9 Park Street Boston, Mass. 
 
 KiRCHHOFF & Rose 131 1-12 Majestic Bldg Milwaukee, Wis. 
 
 LuppR-AiN, Chas. a 180 Main Street New Rochelle, N. Y. 
 
 Marvin & Davis 303 Fifth Avenue New York 
 
 O'Connor, Fred'k B c/o State Architect Albany, N. Y. 
 
 Pelletier, Joseph F Newark, N. J. 
 
 Schermerhorn, C. E 430 Walnut Street Philadelphia, Pa. 
 
 Snelling &: Potter 35 E. 30th Street New York 
 
 Trimble, R. Maurice 705 Ferguson Bldg Pittsburg, Pa. 
 
 Tyler, James R 226 E. & B. Bldg Rochester, N. Y. 
 
 Whitfield & King 160 Fifth Avenue New York
 
 Introduction 
 
 THE garage as the most modern of structures presents a 
 problem to architects and draughtsmen with which they 
 have had less experience than with any other form of 
 building. In addition, the precedents which they may 
 follow are not so clearly defined, nor so inviolable as is the case 
 with other buildings. Yet this style of structure possesses require- 
 ments of a distinctive character, and usually of extreme simplicity, 
 and in order to meet these requirements satisfactorily all that is 
 really necessary is a liberal application of the laws of common 
 sense. 
 
 While the minor details essential to efficiency, of course, difTer 
 in cases of private and public garages, there are certain basic prin- 
 ciples which should be observed in all designs of this character. 
 
 Briefly summarized, the chief desiderata to be sought for in 
 a garage are the following: First, absolute protection from fire; 
 second, an efficient meeting of the needs of the owners; and third, 
 a convenient arrangement of the various utilities. 
 
 As regards the first of these essential features, it is always 
 possible to design a structure which shall be absolutely proof 
 against danger from without, and the fireproof materials which are 
 available for this purpose are so well known as to not require 
 mention here. Many wooden garages for private use are of course 
 being built, but the insurance companies distinctly disapprove of 
 them, and certainly the danger of fire is much increased when cars 
 are stored in frame buildings. Then, too, there is the danger to 
 adjoining property. 
 
 To absolutely protect from danger within is not always pos- 
 sible, but it is always possible to greatly minimize this danger. 
 The principal cause of fire within the garage is a leaking gasoline 
 tank, hence the building should be so planned that all waste gaso- 
 line should be properly drained ofif and discharged into the ground, 
 where it is harmless. The floor should be and almost invariably is, 
 of concrete, finished if desired with cement. Many small garages 
 are finished with a shingle roof, but this material is not to be com- 
 
 5
 
 GARAGES AXD MOTOR BOAT HOUSES 
 
 mended. Tiles, or slate, or any of the non-combustible roofing 
 materials will prove more satisfactory in the end. A large struc- 
 ture may easily be designed so that in case of an explosion or fire 
 from any cause, the fire can be confined to one room and per- 
 mitted to burn itself out without injuring anything save the con- 
 tents of the room in which it occurs. The requirements of the 
 Board of Fire Underwriters of the various cities of the United 
 States are usually amply protective when honestly met, but fre- 
 quently, in pursuance of a "penny-wise, pound-foolish" plan, eti'ort 
 is made to avoid rather than meet the requirements. 
 
 A question which should be well considered before the plans 
 are drawn is the matter of gasoline storage. In the case of the 
 large commercial garage this question becomes a vital one and 
 frequently tests the ingenuity of the architect to the utmost. An 
 instance is given in this work where a saving of $30,000 a year in 
 insurance premiums was eflfected for the owners by the clever ar- 
 rangements for storage devised by their architects. In the case 
 of the small private garage, however, this matter is left more to 
 the discretion of the owner. By far the safest way is, of course, 
 to sink, the tank in the ground some distance from the garage. 
 Many owners, however, are unwilling to incur the additional 
 expense which this method involves, and the next safest way is to 
 build a platform outside the building for the gasoline tank, with 
 a pipe connection through the walls to the inside. The fuel is 
 thus kept outside of the building, and as the gasoline is supplied 
 by gravity, there is nothing about the apparatus to get out of order. 
 The last and least desirable method of storage is to simply keep 
 the tank in some convenient corner within the structure. Many 
 insurance companies refuse to allow a quantity of more than five 
 gallons to be thus stored. 
 
 As to the size of the private garage, that is a point to be de- 
 cided by many varying conditions. It seems, however, unless 
 absolutely necessary to do so, inadvisable to build a one-car garage. 
 It is certainly inhospitable, much like building a house wherein 
 no provision is made for an occasional guest. A visiting car cannot 
 be housed in a one-car garage. Economically considered, and this 
 is especially true of suburban towns, it is always possible to rent 
 the space not needed by the owner, thus making the building prac- 
 tically pay for itself.
 
 PART I 
 
 Private Country and Suburban Garages 
 
 WE will first consider non-fireproof structures; the frame 
 building and the stucco finished structure on wooden 
 framing, equally subject to destruction from fire within. 
 These modes of construction though attractive are 
 hardly to be commended. 
 
 A good example of the very tiny garage designed for one run- 
 about car, is that owned by Mrs. Mary A. Clapp, and planned by 
 C. E. Schermerhorn. The dimensions, 12 feet by 16 feet, allow 
 sufBcient space for work benches and an aisle two feet wide around 
 the car. It is of extremely simple architecture, the roof and the 
 doors saving it from the appearance of a large packing box. It 
 is of frame construction with shingled sides and roof, and the 
 floor is of concrete. The cost was $1,600. 
 
 The small garage at 448 Ridge Street, Newark, N. J., built 
 from plans drawn by William D. Jones, is also an example of 
 wood construction. The balloon frame is clapboarded on the 
 outside, with a shingled roof. The interior is left unfinished. The 
 floor and approach are concreted and the size is sufficient for 
 one car. 
 
 The needs and requirements of a garage are sometimes so 
 simple that the services of an architect are not necessary. When 
 the prospective builder of such a structure has a definite idea of 
 the building he desires to construct, it is quite possible to erect 
 it without other plans than those a capable carpenter can make. 
 In proof of this we show two garage buildings at Larchmont 
 Park, N. Y. That on the right belongs to Mr. Chambers, and was 
 planned by him with the aid of his carpenter. It is a frame struc- 
 ture with shingled sides and roof. It will house two cars. 
 
 It is, however, unfortunate for both buildings that their re- 
 spective owners should have placed them side by side; they form 
 an inharmonious group. Had they been placed a suitable dis- 
 tance apart, the appearance of either would have been much 
 enhanced.
 
 GARAGE FOR MRS. MARY A. CLAPP AT OAK LANE, PA. 
 
 C. 1*2. Scliermerhorn, Architect 
 
 GARAGE AT 448 RIDGE STREET, NEWARK, N. J. 
 
 8 
 
 Win. D. Jones, Architect
 
 I'KAMI-; OAkA(.,l-..s Al LAKLllMi <-\ 1 PARK. MA\ '^iikk 
 
 GARAGE FOR MR. C il. WILSON. EAST ORANGE. N. J. 
 
 9
 
 GARAGES .iXD MOTOR BOAT HOUSES 
 
 This is a point untDrtunatelv too much neglected by suburban 
 builders and their architects. It may seem an absurdity, especially 
 in this land of individuality, tor a man to design his house or his 
 garage to harmonize with that ot his neighbor, but it is never- 
 theless true that if the architect or owner, or both, would curb 
 the wild riot of individual fancy, and consider a little the natural 
 and artificial limitations of the particular spot to be "improved," 
 our suburban towns would not present the peculiar, not to say 
 absurd, appearance they often do. 
 
 The garage erected at 68 Beach Street, East Orange, N. J., 
 for Mr. C. H. Wilson, is another instance ofifered in proof that, 
 so far as a small garage is concerned, the architect may be dispensed 
 with. A cut and a description published in a magazine furnished 
 the inspiration from which Mr. Wilson, with the aid of the car- 
 penter who built the garage, sketched the plan. Since many of 
 the smaller garage buildings are little more than large boxes 
 in design, the matter resolves itself into a choice of materials and 
 appliances. This particular building is a frame structure with a 
 shingled roof finished with a ventilator. The floor is of concrete. 
 It is well lighted and there is abundance of room for two cars. 
 
 GARAGE FOR DR. W.M. GALlU. CORXEK OF FLW'OOD A\'FXUE AND .MT. 
 PROSPECT AVENUE, NEWARK, X. J. 
 
 10
 
 INSIUE DIMENSIONS I3 X IQ 
 
 GARAGE FOR MR. THEROX H. DEYO, N. E. CORXER OF BERKELEY AND 
 CLIFTOX AVEXUES, NEWARK. X. J. 
 
 \Vm. D. Tone^i. Architect
 
 5 
 
 CALE- 
 
 
 
 
 A"-- 
 
 /' 
 
 0" 
 
 CCME rJr Fi- OOR 
 
 ■; ■' \-X' V <•' j> i »* '••:-'■:' 
 
 
 GARAGE FOR DR. H. S. NICHOLSON, PITTSBURG. PA. 
 
 U. .\I. Trimlile, ..\rcliitcct
 
 GARAGE ON RIDGE STREET, NEWARK. X. J. 
 
 Tolm II, and \\ ilson C. Kly, Architects 
 
 GARAGE ON SU^LMER AVENUE, NEWARK. N. J. 
 13
 
 GARAGES A\P MOTOR BOAT HOUSES 
 
 The garage lor Mr. rhcioii il. Deyo is designed in i^eeping 
 with the residence which it adjoins, 'liie little building is of 
 frame construction, sheathed, covered with water-proof building 
 paper and furring strips which carry the wire mesh upon which 
 the concrete stucco is placed. While this method of construction 
 gives the appearance outwardly of a fireproof structure, it pos- 
 sesses no particular advantage over the frame building. It has a 
 shingled roof on a wooden frame. The plan which we show 
 herewith, while of the simplest, is of value in that it gives the 
 dimensions suitable for one large car. 
 
 A garage such as the one described above may be made com- 
 paratively fireproof if the inside of the structure, including the 
 ceiling, is stuccoed with cement in a manner similar to the outside. 
 This entirely encloses the wood and the danger from ignition 
 from a gasoline blaze is minimized. 
 
 The garage for Dr. H. S. Nicholson at Pittsburg, Pa., was 
 designed by R. Maurice Trimble. It is a wood framed and cement 
 stucco finished building, of a size suitable for two cars. Its out- 
 side dimensions are 19 feet by 20 feet. The front has an opening 
 of 16 feet 4 inches, closed by two doors, both sliding, one behind 
 the other, so that either side may be opened, but only one at a 
 time. The footings are of concrete and the bed of the garage is 
 concrete with a cement floor. Both exterior and interior are 
 cement finished, and the roof is of slate. The section shown in the 
 illustration explains the construction. 
 
 The attractive building designed by Mr. James R. Tyler for 
 Mr. M. D. Knapp, is built of timber for the first story, while the 
 upper part is of stucco construction. The second story contains 
 a living room, kitchen, two bedrooms and bath. On the ground 
 floor there is ample accommodation for motors and a good sized 
 work shop. The floors are of cement, and the building is equipped 
 throughout with a hot water heating system. 
 
 Three other stucco-finished garages are shown on pages 10 
 and 13. They are all in Newark, N. J. The one for Dr. Gauch 
 is a single car garage of stucco, making an unobtrusive appearance 
 in the rear of his residence. The garage on Ridge Street is de- 
 signed for two cars, and is in harmony with the residence to which 
 
 14
 
 LlkK( h^ 
 
 £>P(0«d'Yl£io«/'Rfn*^'PlWi 
 
 GARAGE FOR MR. M. D. KXAPP, 
 
 LAKE AVENUE, ROCHESTER, 
 
 X. Y. 
 
 James R. Tyler, Architect 
 
 
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 m r-Ei^""" 
 
 Irt 
 
 #■•-•- ^--1-- 
 
 ^>-l-^ 
 
 ^l 
 
 
 c,— ^ |.. r^^»r,o„ -p,.. If- l~""'ATi'"^<'-'><' 
 
 3— '^T'SJS^M 
 
 15
 
 OLOUKK PLAN 
 
 SLCOM TLOCL. 
 
 GARAGE FOR MR. ALBERT L. BAILY AT HAVERFORD, PA. 
 
 Baily & Bassett, Architects 
 l6
 
 iNiCLUD'Mff 'TO aALT^Nk Dump 
 
 yriQ^TnXDQlXANf 
 
 vtcoNDrioDa VLmi 
 
 GARAGE FOR A. C. LAWRENCE, MARBLEHEAD NECK, MASS. 
 
 Kilham & Hopkins, Architects 
 
 17
 
 GARAGES AND MOTOR BOAT HOUSES 
 
 it belongs. A still larger garage is that on Summer Avenue. This 
 is also finished in stucco with a shingle roof. 
 
 Often the garage furnishes a convenient nucleus around which 
 a number of out-buildings may be gathered under one roof. A 
 combination of garage, boiler room, cow stable and tool room on 
 the first floor, and man's room, hay loft, storage room and pigeon 
 loft on the second floor, is the arrangement provided by Baily 
 and Bassett for Mr. A. L. Baily at Haverford, Pa. Expanded 
 steel lath is used on all walls as a semi-fireproof construction, and 
 an outside vestibule separates the garage proper from the hot 
 water heater. The front doors slide past each other on a double 
 track so that the whole space of 14 feet can be open at one time. 
 A ceiling washer, wash tray, work-bench and efficient grease drain- 
 age, lighting and ventilation are part of the plan. A side porch 
 for carriage or car is not only a convenience, but adds to the general 
 outline of the building. 
 
 Very attractive in its simplicity is the rather small, two storied 
 garage which was erected for Mr. A. C. Lawrence at Marblehead, 
 Mass., from designs by Kilham and Hopkins. 
 
 Of concrete construction, with shingled roof and granolithic 
 floor, it has one apartment to the story; on the first floor the garage, 
 and on the second the sleeping room for the man. It will be 
 noticed that the gasoline storage tank is outside the building, and 
 dt a safe distance from it, thus greatly minimizing the danger 
 from fire and explosion. 
 
 While Mr. Milliken's garage undoubtedly owes much of its 
 attractive appearance to its surroundings, it is in itself a sightly 
 structure of good design. It is a one-storied garage and is built 
 throughout of reinforced concrete. Besides the carriage room and 
 work shop, there is good accommodation for the chaufTeur. 
 Messrs. Kilham and Hopkins of Boston, Mass., were the architects. 
 
 The garage at Wayne, Pa., was designed by the architect, 
 Mr. Boyd, to harmonize with a house built several years pre- 
 viously. The walls are of brick left exposed inside, and rough- 
 casted on the outside, with the exception of the corners which 
 are of Pompeian brick treated in the form of pilasters. The roof 
 is of green slate. There is floor space to accommodate two cars, 
 
 x8
 
 t QciNroQCCDCSNCcirrE. •mccusnauT* 
 
 'Tloon. Plam* 
 
 GARAGE FOR A. X. MILLIKEN, COHASSET. MASS. 
 
 Kilham & Hopkins, Architect*: 
 
 19
 
 rirst pioor "Plaa 3<rcor7d floor p/ar7. 
 
 GARAGE AT WAYNE, PA. 
 
 D. Knickerbackcr Boyil. Architect
 
 GARAGE FOR MR. W. D. DENEGRE, :MANCHESTER, MASS. 
 
 Andrews, Taqiies & Rantoul, Architects.
 
 GARAGES AND MOTOR BOAT HOUSES 
 
 GARAGE FOR MISS MARJORIE R. VAN WICKLE, BRISTOL, RHODE ISLAND 
 
 Kilham & Hopkins, Architects 
 
 and a large washing space which may be used to store another 
 car if necessary. 
 
 Quarters for one man are provided in the second story, with 
 several closets and a large loft. 
 
 A single storied design of considerable attraction, by Andrews, 
 Jacques and Rantoul, is the building for Mr. W. D. Denegre at 
 Manchester, Mass. Also a concrete structure, the building has a 
 shingle roof. The plan is interesting. Adjoining the garage room 
 which affords ample space for the storage of four cars, there is a 
 large workshop lighted by ample end windows and also by a sky- 
 light. Adjoining this is the blacksmith shop, but in a separate 
 room approached only by going out of doors. Still another room, 
 even more isolated, is the battery room, for this garage contains 
 engine and dynamo and storage battery equipment, a plant which 
 would be suitable for charging electric cars.
 
 GARAGES AND MOTOR BOAT HOUSES 
 
 The garage which was designed by Kilham and Hopkins for 
 Miss Marjorie R. Van Wickle, and which was erected at Bristol, 
 Rhode Island, is an amplification of the garage idea and is an 
 elaborate structure. The exterior is of brick covered with stucco. 
 In plan, it embraces two distinct and separate cottages with the 
 garage between. The cottages are two storied and are completely 
 appointed, each containing five rooms and bath. They are in- 
 tended for the use of the coachman and the chaufTeur. The garage 
 itself is of one story height, and has accommodation for four cars, 
 with a tool room and other appurtenances in the rear. 
 
 Although in appearance a continuous building, the garage and 
 tool room at the rear are isolated from the two cottages which 
 
 FIRST FLOOR PLAN 
 
 GARAGE FOR MISS MARJORIE R. VAX WICKLE, BRISTOL, RHODE ISLAND 
 
 Kilham & Hopkins, Architects 
 23
 
 GARAGE FOR COL. C. N. WALLACE, BEVERLY, AL\SS. 
 
 Kilham & Hopkins, Architects 
 24
 
 rooNT Elevation 
 
 20-O 
 
 FLDoa Plan 
 
 MOTOR HOUSE FOR J. C. HOPKINS, DOVER, MASS. 
 
 Kilham & Hopkins, Architects 
 
 25
 
 "gtfc,*i";^rg" 
 
 -^^r^itifflr^-'"-. 
 
 n^p^Gor aACAQt Pi^pj^vArr. i:jtatc-almky 
 
 Frederick B. O'Connor, Architect 
 
 26
 
 GARAGES AND MOTOR BOAT HOUSES 
 
 
 GARAGE FOR SENATOR FOSS, JAMAICA PLAIN, MASS. 
 
 form the ends, as it were, of the structure, by a thick fire wall of 
 brick. There is absolutely no inside connection between the garage 
 and either of the cottages, thus ofifering considerable hindrance 
 to the spread of a fire from the garage to the adjoining living 
 quarters. Like several of the other buildings, however, this struc- 
 ture has a non-fireproof shingle roof. 
 
 A system of semi-fireproof construction to which we have 
 previously referred has been employed by Kilham and Hopkins in 
 building a garage for Colonel C. N. Wallace at Beverly, Mass. 
 The frame is of wooden studding, wire lathed and cement plastered 
 within and without. The roof is of slate, and the doors are grano- 
 lithic. The accommodation of the garage is well shown by the 
 two plans given. 
 
 On Page 25 we show the front elevation and floor plan of a 
 garage designed by Kilham and Hopkins for Mr. J. C. Hopkins 
 of Dover, Mass. The exterior is of brick covered with stucco, 
 and it is one storied. The interior arrangement is entirely given up 
 to the care and storage of autos. 
 
 On Page 26 we show a perspective sketch with plan of a 
 garage building which is fully fireproof. 
 
 The requirements for this building were that it should be 
 as nearly fireproof as modern skill and ingenuity could make it, 
 and that it should be erected at a cost as small as compatible with 
 first class workmanship. The architect, Mr. Frederick B. O'Con- 
 nor, believes that he has met these requirements fully. The garage 
 is of simple but prepossessing appearance, the exterior walls being 
 of concrete with a rough finish. A pleasing detail is the colored 
 tile which was used in the panels under the brackets of the cornices. 
 
 27
 
 'VIe^a.iniNC ValI of UpPER.TEffltACe 
 
 GARAGE FOR SENATOR FOSS, JAMAICA PLAIN, MASS. 
 
 Albert Winslow Cobb, Architect
 
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 T nf ■ fcoati A"i/ ZS-X19' 
 
 ■ coil vnui^ 
 
 aUDUn RAN 
 
 LOFT PL/in 
 
 GARAGE FOR MR. CHARLES \V. WELSH, OAK LAXE. PA. 
 
 Baily & Bassett, .\rcliitect9 
 
 29
 
 GARAGES AND MOTOR BOAT HOUSES 
 
 Under the concrete floor is a pit, which is fitted with a movable 
 iron cover, to be used when the pit is not in use. Botli pit and 
 floor are well drained. At tlic end of the garage arc the work 
 bench which has abundance of light and is convenient to the car, 
 a tool closet, and a gasoline storage closet. The dimensions, inside, 
 of the garage are 20 feet by 24 feet. 
 
 It would be possible to develop this design in wood, at a 
 material reduction in cost, but of course, at a sacrifice of its fire- 
 proof qualities. 
 
 The garage for Senator Foss at Jamaica Plain, Mass., de- 
 signed by Albert Winslow Cobb, is a concrete block structure 
 which will contain about three cars. Ihe building is peculiar in 
 that it is built into the side of a hill at the juncture of the upper 
 and lower terrace at the rear of the Senator's home. The floor 
 level is that of the rear street and the roof level that of the upper 
 terrace with a monitor light projecting slightly above. Exterior 
 windows are confined to the front and sides. This arrangement 
 is shown plainly in the plan and section. The building has a 
 granolithic floor and is equipped with a crane carried on a cross 
 girder, making it possible to lift heavy machinery at any point. 
 The gasoline supply is brought by means of a pump in the building 
 from a tank which is 30 feet away. 
 
 Two garages designed by Baily and Bassett are of interest 
 as they combine the use of stucco finish with stone base and chim- 
 ney, and piers at the front between the doors. The designs are 
 exceedingly attractive and their setting between the trees adds not 
 a little to the beauty of the picture. 
 
 An ideal garage for two cars is revealed in the half-timbered 
 building on Mr. Charles W. Welsh's property at Oak Lane. A 
 heater in a small cellar with reinforced concrete ceiling over it, 
 provides effective hot water heating to the main floor, and to the 
 man's room and bath above. A wainscot and bufif sand finish 
 plaster on expanded metal, and dark wood finish, provide an 
 attractive interior. 
 
 The garage for Mr. James McCrea at Ardmore, Pa., will 
 accommodate comfortably three large automobiles, and has a large 
 repair shop in the rear with pit, bench, toilet, and an independent 
 
 30
 
 fll/T FLOOl fUN 
 
 J"£COH) FLOOJi )M 
 
 GARAGE FOR MR. JAMES McCREA AT ARDMORE. PA. 
 
 Baily & B-issett, Archite?t<! 
 31
 
 GrounJ Klcop Plan 
 
 Second Floor Plan 
 
 GARAGE AT MERION, PA. 
 
 D. Knickerbacker Boyd, Architect 
 
 32
 
 FIRST FLOOR 
 
 OECOIHD FLOOR 
 
 GARAGE FOR }^IRS. IRENE D. OVERX, OAK LAXE. PA. 
 
 C. E. Schermerhorn, Architect 
 
 33
 
 GARAGES AXD MOTOR BOAT HOUSES 
 
 boiler room and coal bin reached by an outside door from the 
 porch. This porch is also an entrance to the chauffeur's apartment 
 on the second floor, which, as the plans show, nicely accommodates 
 his family with sitting room, bath, kitchen and bed rooms, and 
 which is completely separated from tlie tloor below with its odors 
 of gasoline. 
 
 The garage at iMerion, Pa., corresponds architecturally with 
 the house to which it belongs. 'Ihe materials of the exterior are 
 stone and brick, with a half-timbered second story. The roof is 
 of red tile. Mr. D. Knickerbacker Boyd was the architect. 
 
 In plan, the garage consists of two stories and a basement 
 which extends under part of the building and is used for the heat- 
 ing apparatus. The basement is accessible from both inside and 
 outside, and is separated from the first story by reinforced concrete 
 slab construction. 
 
 There is accommodation for four large cars on the first floor. 
 The form of plan and the arrangement of doors make a turntable 
 unnecessary, the cars being run into any desired position without 
 difficulty. A feature of the plan is the washing space or covered 
 porch on the ground floor, over which is a loft which can be used 
 as a storage place for the winter body of one of the cars. The 
 body may be lifted directly from the car into the loft and the trap 
 doors closed under it. 
 
 The second floor provides accommodation for the gardener's 
 family and the chauffeurs. 
 
 Designed to harmonize with the house to which it is an ac- 
 cessory, the structure on Page 33 was erected at a cost of $2,000 
 from plans by Mr. C. E. Schermerhorn for Mrs. Irene D. Overn. 
 It is a one-car garage of masonry, with cement floors, and is 
 equipped with everj^ modern device for the automobile. A notable 
 feature is the absence of a repair pit. It was considered an in- 
 convenient place in which to work, and a chain and tackle take 
 its place. By this means the forward end of the car can he raised 
 to get at the under side when necessary. 
 
 On the second floor are sleeping accommodations for the 
 chauffeur, and a good sized store room. 
 
 The next garage shown was designed bv Mr. C. E. Schermer- 
 
 ) h 
 
 34 
 
 horn after the Colonial idea, to harmonize with the residence of
 
 FmST FLOOR^ 
 
 SECOND FIOOR. 
 
 GARAGE FOR MR. CHAS. E. SCHMIDT, ELKINS PARK, PA. 
 
 C. E. Schermerhorn, Architect 
 
 35
 
 GtoUND ?LAIi 
 
 GARAGE FOR MR. CYRUS H. K. CURTIS, WYNCOTE, PA. 
 
 Paily S: Bassett, Architects 
 
 36
 
 GARAGES AND MOTOR BOAT HOUSES 
 
 the owner, Mr. Schmidt, at Elkins Park, Pa. The building is 
 constructed of grey stone with the Colonial pointing, the trimmings 
 being cream white and the roof of green slate. The garage on 
 the first fioor has a cement floor and base, tiled sides, and a ceiling 
 of yellow pine with dressed joists. There is ample room for four 
 cars. It is completely equipped with electric lighting, overhead 
 washing devices, under-drainage, work benches, tire cases, etc. 
 
 The second story contains a general store closet, and the 
 chauffeur's room with adjoining bath. The cost complete of this 
 garage was $3,500. 
 
 GARAGE FOR E. B. DANE, CHESTNUT HILLS. MASS. 
 
 -\ndre\vs, Jaques & Rantoul, Architects 
 
 37
 
 GARAGES AND MOTOR BOAT HOUSES 
 
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 'jaiiMi, 1 
 
 
 GARAGE FOR E. B. DANE, CHESTNUT HILLS. .\L\SS. 
 
 Andrews, Jaques & Rantoul, Architects 
 
 The garage built for Mr. Cyrus H. K. Curtis at Wyncote, Pa., 
 which was designed by Baily and Bassett, is a one story fireproof 
 building, stone exterior with Vermont red slate roof, designed 
 solely as a receptacle for automobiles with the most modern ac- 
 commodations for chaufifeur's apartments, toilet room, tool room, 
 robe closet, and hot water heating apparatus. It is also equipped 
 with a Bowser pump and i lOo gallon tank, cabinet for lubricating 
 oils, ceiling washer and electric pump for filling tires, with at- 
 tachments on both sides of the building operated by switches. 
 
 The main room is lined from floor to ceiling with white 
 enamelled brick and has an enamelled wash tray, fire hose, and 
 repair pit, and large brick grease traps under each car space. An 
 outside vestibule on the south side is arranged between the main 
 room and the boiler room to intercept any gasoline fumes. Floor 
 and ceiling ventilation to the outside is also provided. The doors 
 and trim are of polished oak. 
 
 38
 
 GARAGES AXD MOTOR BOAT HOUSES 
 
 SINGLE CAR GARAGE ON CLIFTON AVENUE, NEWARK, N. J. 
 
 The illustrations which follow are of garages in the construc- 
 tion of which brick has been used as the principal structural ma- 
 terial. Walls of brick and stone, and brick with stone trimmings 
 are all to be found in the illustrations. The roofs and the finish 
 are of shingle in some cases, slate in others. 
 
 The first one that we show is a large building for Mr. E. B. 
 Dane at Chestnut Hills, Mass. It combines, together with a large 
 room for the storage of automobiles, an adjoining room for acces- 
 sory equipment, the living rooms for the men in the second story, 
 and to one side a squash court which is approached by a separate 
 entrance. Although this court is within the same walls, it is shut 
 off from the rest of the structure. 
 
 As shown on the plan, the arrangement of this building is of 
 interest. First, there is the large garage room for the automobiles. 
 
 39
 
 Jos. 1'". I'elletier, Architect 
 
 BRICK AND FRAME GARAGES ON CLIFTON AVENUE, NEWARK, N. J. 
 
 40
 
 FIRST FLOOR PLAN 
 
 SECONn FLOOR PLAN 
 
 GARAGE AND STABLE FOR MR. F. E. ANDERSON, NASHUA, N. H. 
 
 Hill & James, Architects 
 
 41
 
 GARAGES AND MOTOR BOAT HOUSES 
 
 Back of this and separated from it by a sliding door, is the wash 
 stand, and beyond in line is the work shop, which contains a good 
 equipment of machinery. Below, in a basement under the work 
 shop, is the blacksmith shop and the heating plant for the building. 
 The arrangement is a sensible one and convenient, as well as 
 economical of space. 
 
 The second floor contains rooms for the men and a large 
 storage room. 
 
 Quite a contrast in size is presented by the tliree garages next 
 illustrated. One, a tiny afifair of hard-burned brick with a slate 
 roof, is a substantial and attractive little structure, with its ap- 
 proach and general setting close in among the houses. 
 
 The two other structures shown on Page 40 are somewhat 
 larger and are of brick and frame construction. 
 
 A combined garage and stable designed by Hill and James 
 of Boston for Mr. F. E. Anderson of Nashua, N. H., is our next 
 illustration. This very substantial structure is set within an at- 
 tractive formal garden and its approach and surroundings are 
 well developed. The plan explains itself, and its accommodation 
 is ample. 
 
 The Colonial stable on Mr. J. L. Baily's property at Ardmore 
 is designed principally for the accommodation of horses and car- 
 riages, but space in one of the wings is made fireproof with masonry 
 walls and reinforced concrete ceiling, and is intended for use as a 
 garage. The doors and windows are glazed with wire glass, and 
 the room is equipped with hydraulic gasoline pump, hot water 
 heating and electricity, with a closet for oils, etc. The cleaning 
 and harness rooms, toilet, livery closets, etc., as well as the tool 
 room, are all conveniently located. On the second floor are two 
 rooms for chaufifeur and coachman, with a showier bath between. 
 One half of the loft is used as a gymnasium and the other half 
 for hay. The plans were drawn by Baily and Bassett. 
 
 A garage building designed by KirchhofT and Rose for Mr. 
 Joseph Uhlein, Lake Drive, Milwaukee, is a very elaborate struc- 
 ture containing besides the garage, a stable, a dog house and a 
 dove cote which occupy the right wing, and spacious living apart- 
 ments on the second floor over the garage. At the left is a 
 
 42
 
 GARAGE AXD STABLE FOR .MR. JOSHUA L. BAILV AT ARDMORE, PA. 
 
 Raily & Bassett, Architects 
 
 43
 
 
 GARAGE AN'D STABLE FOR JOSEF E. UHLEIN, LAKE DRIVE, MILWAUKEE, 
 
 WIS. 
 
 Kirchlioflf & Rose, Architects 
 
 44
 
 STABLE AND GARAGE FOR THE \-ILLA NO^■A CO. LTD. 
 
 Baily & Bassett, .-Vrchitects 
 
 4S
 
 GARAGES AND MOTOR BOAT HOUSES 
 
 STABLE AND GARAGE FOR GENERAL ELBERT WHEELER, NASHUA, N. H. 
 
 Andrews, Jaques & Rantoul, Architects 
 
 greenhouse extension. The structure is built of brick, and is hand- 
 some and substantial. The stable is fitted out with two bo.v stalls, 
 the remaining space in the right wing being employed as a tool 
 room and a work room, with a small section given over to the 
 kennel. The length, e.xclusive of the greenhouse, is 89 feet and 
 the width about 45 feet. On the first story the floors are of cement. 
 The garage is equipped with a pit for cleaning purposes. The 
 stable is also very complete. The building is lighted by gas and 
 electricity and is heated by steam. 
 
 The low spreading building erected by the Villa Nova Com- 
 pany Limited, was built in connection with a large house of the 
 English half-timbered type, and was designed for the man who 
 has horses and automobiles, and whose coachman and chauffeur 
 live on the property. Although the building is all under one 
 connecting roof, the cottage is comfortably isolated by the covered 
 passage adjoining it, and a similar passage separates the horse 
 stable from the carriage room, the intention being to close the 
 door at the rear on the passage in winter. Besides the cottage 
 accommodations, a man's or chaufifeur's room is provided on the 
 
 46
 
 SHEET METAL GARAGE FOR DR. LIPl'IXCDTT. SECOND AND SUMMER 
 
 AVENUES, NEWARK, N. J. 
 
 47
 
 GARAGES AND MOTOR BOAT HOUSES 
 
 second floor, where there is also a iiay lolt ami feed room. Baily 
 and Bassett drew the plans. 
 
 Another building in which stable and garage have been com- 
 bined is one erected for General Elbert Wheeler of Nashua, N. H., 
 by Andrews, Jaques and Raiitoul. Built of brick with a slate 
 roof, it is a substantial structure and attractive, notwithstanding its 
 severe lines and, as here seen, wintry setting. It is modeled in the 
 same style — Dutch Colonial — as the residence to which it belongs 
 and with which it makes a dignified and agreeable efTect in a 
 pleasant suburban street. 
 
 The garage for Dr. Lippincott which is illustrated on Page 
 47 is interesting because it represents a type not elsewhere shown. 
 It is built of steel framework with galvanized steel side cover- 
 ing. The floor is of concrete and tiie doors, which are double 
 folding, open outward. It has three windows 20x22 inches which 
 are protected by ornamental iron gratings. There is a robe rack 
 provided around the inside of the garage, as well as hooks for 
 tires, etc., and a galvanized steel waste box. An additional feature 
 is a ventilator which may be built on the top. 
 
 This garage is the production of the Riverside Manufactur- 
 ing Company, of Newark, N. J., which builds these structures 
 in a number of sizes ranging from 8 feet 6 inches square with 7 
 foot sidewalls, and with doors 6 by 7 feet, to 16 feet 6 inches wide, 
 20 feet 6 inches long with 8 foot sidewalls and doors 8 feet 4 inches 
 by 13 feet 6 inches. They are also built in larger sizes still, suit- 
 able for two or three cars. These garages are of very moderate 
 cost and possess the advantage of being absolutely fireproof, and 
 also portable, \^'hen they are kept properly painted they are 
 thoroughly durable and serviceable, and according to the nature 
 of the painting they may be made to harmonize with the sur- 
 roundings. 
 
 48
 
 PART II 
 
 Private City Garages 
 
 THE builder of a private garage for the storage of his own 
 automobiles in the city must be prepared to make a much 
 larger out-lay and build a much more elaborate design 
 than is the custom for a suburban or country building. 
 In the first place, there are no cheap city garages. The private 
 city garage is on the face of it, designed for a man of means. It 
 is expensive, both in first cost and in operation and maintenance. 
 
 Some of these buildings are designed strictly for housing auto- 
 mobiles and nothing more. Others combine the garage and the 
 stable, and practically all contain one or more suites of rooms, some 
 with complete house-keeping arrangements for the chauffeur or 
 coachman and their families. 
 
 The advent of the automobile has seen the transformation of 
 many private stables to accommodate this vehicle. Some buildings 
 have been completely transformed to garages and other stables 
 have been remodeled to meet with the new requirements. In the 
 alterations as well as in case of erecting new buildings, the re- 
 quirements make fireproof structures necessary. 
 
 Besides the accommodations which must necessarily be pro- 
 vided in the buildings for the storage of machines, repair rooms, 
 etc., together with living quarters for chauffeur and men, it is 
 possible by the addition of an extra story to put in private squash 
 courts where the owners are so inclined. 
 
 The designs shown on the following pages show considerable 
 variety in treatment. Located on side streets and not far from 
 Fifth Avenue, in most cases the buildings are in neighborhoods 
 largelv occupied by private houses, and their attractive fa9ades 
 which but little reveal the purpose of the buildings, are more in 
 the nature of an adornment to the neighborhood than a detriment 
 to adjoining property'. 
 
 Located on East 90th Street, not far from his residence, is a 
 private garage which was erected for Mr. Andrew Carnegie, from 
 designs of Whitfield and King. The building is of three stories 
 height, with 2q feet frontage and a depth of 70 feet. The fa9ade 
 
 49
 
 m ti in,i n Mi! 
 
 50
 
 A GARAGE ERECTED FOR MR. ANDREW CARNEGIE, N. Y. CITY 
 
 Whitfield & King. Architects 
 
 51
 
 GARAGES AND MOTOR BOAT HOUSES 
 
 is of white Goodale marble and red Dutch brick hiid English cross 
 bond with recessed joints. As originally designed it was intended 
 exclusively for the use of electric vehicles. 
 
 The entire first floor is used for the storage, cleaning and 
 care of the electric automobiles. Immediately within the entrance, 
 at the front of the room, is the washing floor which is provided 
 with an overhead washer. Back of this is storage place for five 
 machines, the center of the floor being lighted by two large sky- 
 lights opening into a court above. At the front of the building 
 on the right of the main entrance door, is a telephone alcove, and 
 the desk of the chauffeur in charge. On the opposite side of the 
 entrance is a vestibule leading to the stairs. The entire floor is 
 paved throughout with white vitrified tiles and the walls are lined 
 to the ceiling with semi-glazed brick. The charging room is at 
 the rear of this floor and is shut off from the main room by a fire 
 wall and sliding door. At the rear of this, another door opens 
 into the yard. The charging room contains a working pit and a 
 hydraulic lift for removing batteries from the vehicles. In this 
 room there are two battery charging switchboards with accompany- 
 ing rheostats. There is another charging switchboard located in 
 the storage room near the washing stand so that vehicles may be 
 charged and cleaned at the same time. 
 
 In the rear of the second floor and reached by an elevator 
 from the charging room, there is storage room for the accommo- 
 dation of vehicles not in use. At the front of the building, the 
 second and third stories provide rooms for the men. The stairs 
 are of iron and marble and the building is fireproof throughout. 
 
 The stable and garage for Mr. A. B. Stuyvesant is an example 
 of alteration work. The original stable was re-designed according 
 to the plans of Albert N. Gray into the stable and garage here 
 shown. The brick exterior with its attractive trimmings and man- 
 sard roof of large Spanish tile, is very pleasing. 
 
 We have most to learn, however, from the plans of this build- 
 ing. It is 25 feet in width by 100 feet 5 inches in depth. The re- 
 constructed building is of fireproof construction including all floors 
 and roofs. The cellar affords a large storage space and has at the 
 rear, a room containing a cement pit in the floor which is intended 
 for use as an automobile repair room. There is no heating plant, 
 steam for that purpose being taken from the street service. A 
 large elevator with a platform 10x16 feet runs from the cellar 
 
 52
 
 YARD 
 
 FIRST FLOOR PLAN 
 
 SECOND FLOOR PLAN 
 
 A GARAGE ERECTED FOR MR. ANDREW CARNEGIE, N. Y. CITY 
 
 Whitfield & King, Architects 
 
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 PLANS OF BUILDING FOR 
 
 57 
 
 FIRST FLOOR 
 
 -MR. A. V. STU YVES ANT 
 
 Albert M. Gray, Architect
 
 SECOND FLOOR 
 
 THIRD FLOOR 
 
 PLANS OF BUILDING FOR MR. A. V. STUYVESANT 
 
 Albert M. Gray, Architect
 
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 59
 
 GARAGES AND MOTOR BOAT HOUSES 
 
 floor level and connects with the first floor and the rear part of the 
 second floor. Its location makes it possible to readily dispose of 
 automobiles or other vehicles and distribute them about the build- 
 ing. The gasoline tank, whicli is filled from the street opening, 
 is located in a brick compartment outside the area wall and entirely 
 separated from the main building. 
 
 The first floor at street level contains the main storage room 
 at the front with carriage washers just within the door. Just back 
 of the middle of the room the elevator entrance is located. To 
 
 GARAGE, i68 E. 70TH STREET, NEW YORK 
 
 C. H. P. Gilbert, Architect 
 60
 
 GARAGES AND MOTOR BOAT HOUSES 
 
 one side a passage leads to the stable and on the other is the harness 
 room. The stable has four ordinary stalls and one box stall. The 
 rtoor in the storage room is tiled, while the stable floor is of brick. 
 Over the center of the room is a skylight which opens from a 
 court above. 
 
 The second floor contains at the rear a storage loft which, 
 as previously mentioned, is reached by the elevator. Just in front 
 of the elevator shaft, the upper part of the building is divided 
 by a court which extends down to the roof of the first story. The 
 front part of the building which is thus separated consists of three 
 more stories and is used entirely by chauffeurs, coachmen and their 
 families. The second and third floors each contain two small suites 
 consisting of kitchen, dining room, parlor, bedroom and bath. The 
 third floor contains two large bedrooms. The stair hall runs up 
 through the center and is lighted by a skylight overhead as shown 
 on the section. This stairway is shut of¥ from the first floor but 
 leads into a small vestibule which is approached from the 
 street and by a fireproof door from the storage room. A dumb- 
 waiter running from the basement to the roof opens into the 
 kitchens of the apartments. This building seems extremely well 
 planned and as a combination stable and garage would seem to 
 afTord ample accommodation. 
 
 6i
 
 PART III 
 
 Suburban and City Public Garages 
 
 NOT every automobile owner has facility for storing his car 
 on his own premises and the immense popularity of the 
 automobile and its continuously spreading use both for 
 business and for relaxation, make possible — and profit- 
 able — the business of storing the cars, and also renting them. The 
 commercial garage is the present day livery stable. Such build- 
 ings have sprung almost mushroom-like into existence in every city 
 and town. They are almost without exception of the fireproof 
 type. 
 
 The building erected for the Newark Auto and Engineering 
 Company is a neat and modest type — if anything connected with 
 an automobile can be said to be modest — variations of which occur 
 in suburban districts the country over. The following illustration 
 of a garage in Milwaukee shows another development of the tvpe. 
 The Newark garage is a one story brick building with heavy 
 steel I-beams in place to carry a second story. The front of the 
 building is stucco finished and the dimensions are 50 feet by 100 
 feet. The show room which is about 40 feet by 40 feet has parti- 
 tion walls of plaster blocks and the ceiling is of metal. The 
 Bowser system of gasoline storage was installed. 
 
 The garage owned by Mr. Eugene Wuesthofif and erected on 
 Second Street, Milwaukee, was designed by Kirchhoff and Rose. 
 It is a one story fireproof structure with ample accommodation for 
 storage. There is also a good sized show room. It covers a lot 
 90 feet by 36 feet 8 inches, and is built of brick covered with 
 stucco, smooth finished. The floors throughout are of cement and 
 the building is lighted with both gas and electricity. 
 
 The show room is separated from the garage by glazed parti- 
 tions, and from the office by a rail and gate. There are the neces- 
 sary arrangements for cleaning the cars, and the extreme rear of 
 the building is occupied by a large machine shop. 
 
 A somewhat larger, commercial garage is one of two story 
 height erected on Eighth Street, Milwaukee, which was also de- 
 
 63
 
 NEWARK AUTO AND ENGINEERING CO., BROAD STREET, NEWARK, N. J. 
 
 64
 
 GARAGE ON SECOND STREET, NEAR STATE STREET, .MILWAUKEE, WIS. 
 
 KirchhoSE & Rose, Architects 
 
 6S
 
 GARAGE OX EIGHTH STREET, WILWAUKEE, WIS. 
 
 Kirchhoff & Rose, Architects 
 
 66
 
 GARAGE FOR THE BOULEVARD AUTO COMPANY 
 
 Bernard Ebeling, Architect 
 
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 THREE CONCRETE BLOCK GARAGES IN EAST ORANGE AND BRICK 
 
 CHURCH, N. J. 
 68
 
 GARAGES AND MOTOR BOAT HOUSES 
 
 A FRAME GARAGE AT LARCHMONT, N. Y. 
 
 Chas, A. Lupprian, Architect 
 
 signed by Kirchhoff and Rose for Mr. Eugene Wuesthoff. The 
 building is 75 feet wide by 125 feet deep and is constructed of 
 brick, with cement floors throughout with the exception of the 
 offices and show room, where the floors are of maple. The toilet 
 room floor is of wood laid on strips embedded in the concrete 
 floor underneath. The large show room is enclosed by a glazed 
 partition. Two sides of the storage room are given up to lockers. 
 Provision is made for both gas and electric lighting. A large 
 elevator gives access to the storage on the second floor. There 
 are the usual arrangements for washing and cleaning the cars. 
 
 In the Bronx, which is perilously near the region of mammoth 
 commercial garages, the Boulevard Auto Company has erected a 
 two story and basement garage which is more suburban than urban 
 in its characteristics. The exterior is of brick with light trim- 
 mings. The building has a frontage on Southern Boulevard of 
 66 feet, and a depth of Sq feet. The depth of the building is tra- 
 versed by two lines of girders which are carried on cast iron 
 columns spaced 20 feet 6 inches on centers. The girders are 18 
 feet 8 inches from each side wall, with 26 feet center space. The 
 fireproofing is of concrete. 
 
 One large elevator running from the cellar to the top floor, 
 serves the building. A turntable on the first floor is a convenience. 
 
 69
 
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 COXCRETE (iARAGF. FOR PALMER & SINGER MF(;. CO., BROADWAY, NEAR 
 
 50TH STREET, NEW YORK 
 
 70 
 
 Marvin & Davis, Architects
 
 GARAGES AND MOTOR BOAT HOUSES 
 
 
 CONCRETE GARAGE FOR PALMER & SINGER MFG. CO. THE ELEVATORS 
 WITH TURNTABLE BEFORE THEM AND A PORTION OF STOR.\GE FLOOR 
 
 Marvin & Davis, .Architects 
 
 The Palmer and Singer Manufacturing Co., garage occupies 
 a 50 foot lot which extends from Broadway 150 feet through to 
 Seventh Avenue, between 49th and 50th Streets. It is a five story 
 and basement, reinforced concrete building, the system of the 
 Trussed Concrete Steel Company having been used in the rein- 
 forcement. Throughout the interior, wooden trim is almost en- 
 tirely absent, and the floors are finished with cement surface. The 
 elevators are enclosed by concrete partition walls, and each floor 
 is practically isolated, these precautions adding greatly to the fire- 
 proof qualities of the structure. 
 
 The Broadway end of the first floor is occupied bv a show 
 room which extends the width of the building, its dimensions being 
 36x48 feet. The Seventh Avenue end of the floor is the entrance 
 way for the garage, which leaves about one-third of the entire 
 floor space available for storage purposes. 
 
 A mezzanine above the first floor provides desk room in a 
 gallery over the main show room, the remainder of the mezzanine 
 being utilized as a locker room for owners of machines; 450 lockers 
 are provided, two being allowed for each machine stored. 
 
 An area of 22x24 ^^^^ on each floor is occupied by the 
 elevators, and the carriage washer occupies a slightly smaller 
 space. A turntable on each floor is 14 feet in diameter, and this 
 also cuts into the storage room. The elevator cars are 10x20 feet 
 and will carry 12,000 pounds, a size and capacity capable of 
 handling the largest touring car. The turntables carry i; tons. 
 
 71
 
 GARAGE BUILDING, WEST 93D STREET, NEW YORK CITY 
 
 Snelling & Potter, Arcliitects 
 
 72
 
 GARAGES AND MOTOR BOAT HOUSES 
 
 In the basement, a vault at each end is available for the storage 
 of automobiles, and there are several repair pits as well. The 
 boiler room, which is at the Seventh Avenue end, is completely 
 isolated from the remainder of the basement and is entered from 
 the sidewalk only. The elevator machine room is also isolated, 
 but is entered from the Broadway side by a self-closing fireproof 
 door. 
 
 The requirements of the Bureau of Combustibles, and the 
 desire of getting as low a rate of insurance as possible, make neces- 
 sary an efficient system of handling and storing gasoline and lubri- 
 cating oils. The Bowser system is in use in this garage. 
 
 Under the Seventh Avenue sidewalk, 
 two feet below the level of the basement floor, 
 are five tanks of 275 gallons capacity each. A 
 12 inch fire wall, without opening into the 
 basement, thoroughly isolates the tanks. This 
 area has been filled in to the sidewalk level, 
 completely covering the tanks. The filling of 
 the tanks is accomplished directly from the 
 street through sidewalk connections, the gaso- 
 line flowing from the barrels on the wagons 
 into the tanks. The tanks are separately 
 vented to a main vent pipe which leads to the 
 
 
 .._|.|_._ 
 
 T 
 
 PLAN OF GROUND FLOOR GARAGE, W. g^D STREET. NEW YORK 
 
 Snelling & Potter, Architects 
 
 73
 
 GARAGES AND MOTOR BOAT HOUSES 
 
 roof. The delivery of the gasoline is accomplished by means 
 of three pumps which are placed in a fireproof pump room 
 which is vented to the roof by an 8x8 inch vent. The pumps 
 measure the gasoline as delivered, and record by the pint, tjuart, 
 half gallon and gallon. From the pumps the gasoline is delivered 
 into a portable hlling tank which contains 50 gallons. This can 
 be wheeled directly to a machine at any point and the supplv 
 pumped in and measured. 
 
 The lubricating oil is handled in a similar manner. Four 
 tanks of 250 gallon capacity, for different kinds of lubricating oil, 
 are located in the basement. They are provided witli recording 
 apparatus to show the standing supply and have a special barrel 
 track for convenience in filling the tanks directly from the barrel. 
 A lubricating oil pump from each tank is located in a screen in- 
 closure on the first floor. From this room a portable lubricating 
 oil tank is supplied. 
 
 The business offices of the company occupy the front of the 
 second story, while on the Seventh Avenue side there are the 
 chauffeurs' rooms, locker rooms, toilet, showers, etc. The third 
 and fourth floors are entirely given up to storage space. 
 
 The total floor area of a single floor is about 7,000 square 
 feet. Deducting from this the elevator space and the space occu- 
 pied by the washer and turntables, approximately 5,500 square feet 
 of floor area are available for the storage of machines. Forty large 
 cars can be stored on a floor without crowding. The live load al- 
 lowed is 150 pounds per square foot, which is adequate to carry 
 the heaviest machine. 
 
 The top floor is used principally for the repair shops. The 
 shop is located at the Broadway end, and is 48 feet square, with 
 a storeroom for machine parts at one side. At the Seventh Avenue 
 end there are four repair pits. The estimated storage capacity 
 of the building is about 175 cars. 
 
 The garage on West 93d Street, New York City, designed 
 by Snelling and Potter, contains a good repair department and 
 machine shop, as well as storage room for automobiles. There are 
 three floors and basement, the basement having a height of 9 feet, 
 the first floor 18 feet, and the two upper stories about 15 feet each. 
 The first floor is intended for the use of machines which are in 
 daily use, the second floor for general storage, while the repair 
 department is on the third floor. 
 
 74
 
 KXTERIOR AND M'XIN FLOOR PL\N— THE PACKARD GARAGE. BROAD- 
 WAY AND 61ST STREET. NEW YORK 
 
 Albert Kaliii, Architect 
 75
 
 C.IRAGES .IXn MOTOR BOAT I/Ol'SFS 
 
 Study of tlio plan will show that the building is L shaped. 
 The lot has a width of 50 feet in front, while the L is 32 feet 
 6 inches wide. The depth is 100 feet. The exterior is simple in 
 design, with solid piers running up the front with large windows 
 between. The cornice is ornamented with a central terra cotta 
 relief representing a speeding automobile. The central doorway, 
 which forms the entrance to the building, is about 16 feet wide 
 and about 16 feet high. 
 
 On the first floor, on one side of the entrance, is the office, a 
 room about 14 feet square, back of which is a spiral staircase 
 leading to the upper floors. Opposite the office is a room of similar 
 dimensions which is used as a club room by the patrons of the 
 garage. The elevator, which is 10 feet by 16 feet 8 inches, is at 
 the rear of the building, and at one side of this is a washing stand 
 about 20 feet square. The L on the second floor is fitted up as a 
 locker room for patrons, and contains a toilet room and wash 
 room as well. 
 
 
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 THE S.XLESROOM— THE PACKAR[J GARAGE 
 
 Albert Kalin, Architect 
 
 76
 
 ACTON GARAGE, 137 WEST 89TH STREET, NEW YORK 
 
 L. A. Coldstone. Architect 
 
 ■77
 
 GARAGES AXn MOTOR BOAT HOUSES 
 
 The repair (iepartineiit on the third (loor is lighted by a central 
 skylight. There is a complete machine shop and all appliances 
 necessary for the repairing of an automobile, including an elec- 
 trically ligiited pit for working below the machines. 
 
 Although there are only three stories, the total height of the 
 building is nearly 70 feet owing to the e.xtra height of each story. 
 There are toilets and wash rooms on every floor for the employees. 
 The heating is by steam. 
 
 The frame or skeleton of the building is of reinforced con- 
 crete which works in the same maimer as a steel construction. The 
 piers in the side walls are 26 inches square, while the piers across 
 the front, in the wing and about the elevator shaft, are iS inches 
 square. There are a few smaller columns 16 inches square and one 
 that is 34 inches square. This last is at the angle of junction be- 
 tween the wing and the main structure, and is unusually heavy 
 because of the extra number of girders attached to it. These are 
 the dimensions at first floor level. The sizes diminish slightly as 
 they reach the upper floors. The main cross girders are 2 feet 
 by 3 feet in size, and were built up with the columns so that the 
 whole is monololithic. Smaller concrete beams, 12 inches by 18 
 inches, connect the main beams and support the floor, which con- 
 sists of 5 inches of concrete reinforced with bars. The proportions 
 of the girders vary with the width of the span. The greatest span 
 is across the front section of the building, where the w^idth is 50 
 feet. This space the concrete beams cross without any central 
 support on the upper floors. In the basement, however, there are 
 pillars indicated in the plan at C C, etc., which carry the floor 
 of the first story. The piers and girders average about 13 feet 6 
 inches apart on centers, while the smaller transverse beams which 
 support the floor are about 7 feet on centers. On the top floor a 
 reinforced girder runs completely across the front, giving support 
 to the terra cotta ornament of the cornice, and the flag pole. 
 
 The reinforcement is accomplished by using a rather light bar 
 or bond perforated at intervals, and also a plain bar about 14 '"ch 
 square. There are about sixteen of these bars in one of the 18 
 inch piers. 
 
 The well of the stairs is an interesting piece of work, which 
 is clearly shown on the plan. Short concrete beams across the 
 corners form the supporters at each floor for the spiral iron stair- 
 case, which runs from basement to the roof. 
 
 The building was left plain on the interior, with the girders 
 
 78
 
 GARAGES AND MOTOR BOAT HOUSES 
 
 of the ceilings exposed. The floors are cemented over the con- 
 crete, giving a smooth and easily cleaned surface. 
 
 The Packard Garage at 6ist Street and Broadway, New York 
 City, was built from designs by Albert Kahn, and the Kahn sys- 
 tem of concrete construction was employed in its erection. It is 
 a four story structure of terra cotta, mat finish. The series of bavs 
 extending almost to the top of the building is the most striking 
 feature of the exterior. These bays contain iron framed windows 
 and afford excellent light to the interior. A number of large 
 chandeliers furnish light at night. 
 
 ACTON G.\R.\GE— FIRST .AND SECOND FLOOR PL.\NS 
 
 L. A. Goldstone, Architect 
 
 79
 
 GARAGES AND MOTOR BOAT HOUSES 
 
 The building is actually three storied, the first two stories 
 having been made into one, mailing a lofty interior. There is, 
 liowever, a mezzanine floor, at the rear of the store floor. 
 
 The Acton Garage on 89th Street, New York City, was de- 
 signed by L. A. Goldstone. Of five story height, the building occu- 
 pies a lot 50 feet by 100 feet 8 inches. The foundations were car- 
 ried down to solid rock, and the gasoline pits, oil room, boiler 
 room and motor room are carried down to a depth of 16 feet 
 below the curb. 
 
 The exterior is very plain, possessing no especial feature. The 
 building is of absolutely fireproof construction, and was designed 
 to meet every requirement of the New York Board of Fire Under- 
 writers, the Insurance Exchange, and the Bureau of Buildings. 
 The installation of vent shafts from the floor level of each story 
 extending to the roof and isolated from the remainder of the build- 
 ing, and the elimination of all non-fireproof construction of any 
 description, were in accordance with the regulations of the above 
 mentioned bodies. 
 
 The elevator which serves the building is of 6 ton carrying 
 capacity, and in size is 10 feet by 20 feet. As is shown on the plan, 
 three columns on each floor suffice to carry the floor systems, and 
 these do not in any way interfere with the movements of the cars. 
 
 The Goelet Garage, built from designs by F. IVI. Andrews 
 & Co. is one of the largest commercial garages in New York City. 
 It occupies an oddly shaped lot, facing approximately 174 feet on 
 Broadway, no feet on 64th Street and 75 feet on 65th Street. A 
 large light court gives light and ventilation from the back. 
 
 The building is of reinforced concrete construction and is, of 
 course, fireproof. The exterior walls are of light colored brick 
 and terra cotta, with wrought iron trimmings. 
 
 As to interior arrangement, the first floor is divided into sales 
 rooms, and the upper floors are designed for storage purposes. 
 Four elevators serve the building; two, which are approached from 
 the main entrance on Broadway, are of the fast, passenger type, 
 and two are freight elevators. These last are approached by drive- 
 ways from the 65th and 64th Street sides, and are 10 feet by 25 
 feet in size and of 20,000 pound carrying capacity. Each floor has 
 19,000 square feet of space, giving a total for the building of 
 nearly four acres. There are commodious toilets and lavatories 
 
 80
 
 t> to 
 
 o 
 
 5-^ 
 
 K 
 ^
 
 GARAGES AND MOTOR BOAT HOUSES 
 
 GOELET GARAGE, 64TH STREET AND BROADWAY, NEW YORK 
 
 F. M. Andrews & Co.. Arcliitects 
 Maynicke & Frarike, Consulting Architects 
 
 on each floor, and on each storage floor are two wash racks and 
 three pits. The floors are dampproof and of unusual thickness, thus 
 providing against noise and vibration. 
 
 On the ground floor the street facing sides form an almost 
 continuous plate glass show window, which makes the salesrooms 
 within very light and attractive. This building, unlike most of 
 those illustrated in this book, was built as an investment. The ma- 
 jority of the others were designed especially for the firms which 
 occupy them. 
 
 The Fuller Service Depot, Boston, Mass., is a building 352 
 feet by 70 feet, and was designed by Albert Kahn. Fronting 
 on three city streets and surrounded by grounds 352 feet by 190 
 feet, the building has an unusually attractive setting. The fourth 
 
 82
 
 FULLER SERVICE DEPOT— A GARAGE FOR PACKARD MOTOR CARS, 
 
 BOSTON, MASS. 
 
 Albert Kahn, Architect 
 
 83
 
 GARAGES AND MOTOR BOAT HOUSES 
 
 side overlooks property owned by Mr. Fuller, which assures per- 
 fect light from all sides. 
 
 The building consists of four floors and basement, constructed 
 entirely of reinforced concrete, and absolutely fireproof. An auto- 
 matic sprinkler system is provided as an additional precaution. 
 
 The entrance and exit for cars, and the outside entrances are 
 from a driveway through the grounds, consequently a front car 
 entrance was unnecessary. 
 
 In the basement is a large room, more than half the area of 
 which is devoted to the storage of cars and several wash racks. 
 In the basement also is a large oil room with suitable reservoirs 
 for each different class of lubricant. Just outside of the oil room, 
 and underground, is a gasoline tank with a capacity of i,ooo gal- 
 lons. 71iis tank and each of the reservoirs are connected with 
 pumps leading to the oil room and to corresponding oil supply 
 rooms on every floor. Lubricants of all kinds and gasoline are 
 thus immediately available in all parts of the building. Lockers 
 for 200 mechanics, with lavatory and other facilities on a corre- 
 sponding scale are situated in the basement also. A most unusual 
 feature for this class of buildings is a restaurant for the use of 
 employees, with a completely equipped kitchen. There are two 
 dining rooms — one for the mechanical force, and the other for the 
 office force. The basement has a direct outside entrance to the 
 driveway which is more convenient than the elevators for getting 
 cars in and out. 
 
 The entrance to the building is from Commonwealth Avenue 
 and leads directly into the sales room, which occupies the width 
 of the building and has a depth of 70 feet. In the right rear corner 
 of this room are the telephone switchboards, a lavatory, and the 
 passenger elevator. In the opposite corner is the general manager's 
 office, and back of this are the offices of the technical and specifica- 
 tion departments. 1 he finish of these offices is entirely of (]uarter 
 sawed, light fumed oak, and all glass about the offices is leaded. The 
 sales room is 28 feet in height, but part of this height is occupied 
 by a mezzanine floor where the general offices, accounting depart- 
 ments, etc., are located. The mezzanine is reached by a stairway 
 which rises from the central rear portion of the sales room and 
 turns to the left. The rear of the main floor is occupied by one 
 large room, 70 feet bv 280 feet. The columns which support the 
 upper floors are placed 15 feet from the side walls, leaving an 
 unobstructed space down the center 40 feet wide. This is ample
 
 li ! I 
 
 
 M-M-4 
 
 J 
 
 y 
 
 .■.:=:i--T.-.-^=".;;.:.".-<3 
 
 T7^ 
 
 - ^^r—T " 
 
 FIRST AND SECOND FLOOR PLANS 
 
 rL 
 
 FULLER SERVICE DEPOT— INTERIOR AND PLANS 
 
 Albert Kahn, Architect
 
 GARAGES AND MOTOR BOAT HOUSES 
 
 room in wliich to manipulate the largest cars or trucks. Two large 
 electrical freight elevators, each one capable of holding two large 
 cars and lifting a load of 8,000 pounds, are placed at one side 
 of this room and have both inside and outside entrances. Back 
 of the elevators is the e.xit for outgoing cars, and back of the exit, 
 along one side of the building, is a space provided where owners 
 and chauffeurs can work on their own cars, no outsiders being 
 permitted in the repair shop on the fourth Hoor. 
 
 On the second floor at the head of the stairway is tlie repair 
 sundry department. Back of the sales counter is the stock room, 
 where are to be seen tier after tier of bins. The stock room is 
 connected with each floor of the building by two electrically op- 
 erated dumb-waiters, and by telephones and speaking tubes. At 
 the rear of the stock room is the shipping room, and also the re- 
 ceiving department, and back of the stock room, the entire re- 
 mainder of the second floor is given over to the storage of auto- 
 mobile bodies, which are placed upon suitable wooden skids and 
 supported upon iron framework. 
 
 On the third floor are the trim shop, where tops, seat covers, 
 etc., may be repaired or manufactured; a large open space devoted 
 to receiving and inspecting new cars; and the paint department, 
 which is shut off from the remainder of the floor by fire walls. 
 
 The fourth floor is one large open room devoted to the pur- 
 pose of a general repair shop. The roof is trussed and the w^hole 
 floor left free from any obstruction. There is light from four 
 sides, and from two large skylights as well. The entire room is 
 surrounded by a work bench. Partitioned off from one side, just 
 back of the elevators, is a blacksmith shop, made fireproof and 
 apart from the rest of the building. In this are various types of 
 forges, together with facilities for hardening and tempering. 
 
 On Fifty-seventh Street, between Eleventh and Twelfth Ave- 
 nues, New York City, is located what is at present the largest 
 garage in America, the New York Ta.\i-cab Company's garage, 
 designed by F. M. Andrews & Co. 
 
 This garage is a four story and basement, red brick structure, 
 with a frontage of two hundred and twenty-five feet, and a depth 
 of one hundred and forty-five feet. 
 
 Externally, the building possesses no features of interest, but 
 its interior is replete with suggestions of great merit and several 
 devices of a decidedly unique character. Among these unique fea- 
 
 86
 
 i 
 
 LJ" 
 
 GARAGE FOR THE NEW YORK TAXI-CAB COMPANY, WEST 5-TH STREET, 
 
 NEW YORK 
 
 F. M. Andrews &• Co., Architects 
 
 87
 
 G.lR.UHiS .l\D MOTOR liO.lT HOUSES 
 
 ENTRANCE TO INCLINES LEADING TO BASEMENT AND SECOND FLOOR 
 OF THE NEW YORK TAXI-CAB GARAGE 
 
 tures may be mentioned, inclined runways by means of which cars 
 may propel themselves to the topmost story of the building; wash- 
 ing platforms of great practicability; fireproof dividing bays; and 
 various devices designed to facilitate the handling of cars. 
 
 The general arrangement of the building, which will be bet- 
 ter understood by a study of the accompanying plans, is as follows: 
 The first, or street floor is given over to the extensive general offices 
 of the company and a large exit and entrance driveway, and a 
 storage depot having a capacity of 175 cars. 
 
 From the first floor, cars ascend, by means of the inclined 
 runways, to the second and third floors, which are devoted entirely 
 to storage purposes. Each of these floors is sub-divided by a series 
 of three partitions into four fireproof bays. Each partition is pro- 
 vided with a heavy, iron, fireproof door, set on hanging trolleys 
 and adjusted at an acute downward angle. These doors are held 
 open by means of substantial sash cords having heavy iron weights 
 attached. Should a fire occur the cord would be consumed, the
 
 GARAGES AND MOTOR BOAT HOUSES 
 
 weights would be released and the door would automatically close. 
 Thus the fire would be confined to the room in which it started 
 and the damage be limited to the contents of that room. 
 
 Each of these storage fioors has a washing platform so ar- 
 ranged that six men may work on a car at one time and dispose 
 of it with great dispatch. To further facilitate matters, the floors 
 slope toward a gutter running the whole length of the room and 
 hose is attached to the wall at convenient intervals. 
 
 The fourth and top floor is given over to a perfectly equipped 
 repair department to which "dead" cars are carried by means of 
 two elevators, 18x20 feet. The total capacity of the garage is 
 seven hundred cars. 
 
 An interesting feature connected with the construction of the 
 building is that it was here that Bethlehem rolled section beams 
 having a clear span of 40 feet were used for the first time. 
 
 A very interesting feature of this garage is the system pro- 
 vided for the storage of gasoline. The manner in which it was 
 installed efifected a saving of $30,000 a year for the Taxi-cab Com- 
 pany in insurance premiums. The method of installation was as 
 follows: The tanks are encased in solid concrete sunk in a pit 
 12 feet deep, situated twenty-five feet from the main structure and 
 divided from it by a heavy fireproof brick wall. Access to this pit 
 is obtained through two manholes. Each of the eight delivery 
 pipes terminates in a length of flexible tubing to the end of which 
 is attached a filling nozzle. When not in use, these tubes are drawn 
 up out of the way by means of a counterweight. The tanks are 
 provided with the gravity system, so that water rises in the tank 
 as the gasoline becomes depleted, and thus evaporation and the 
 formation of gases is prevented. 
 
 «g
 
 PART IV 
 
 Motor Boat Garages 
 
 FOLLOWING close upon the motor car, came the motor 
 boat, and great as has been the popularity of the automobile, 
 that of the motor boat has greatly exceeded it. Indeed, the 
 vogue of the little power craft is little short of marvelous. 
 No stream or lake, apparently, is too shallow or too muddy to 
 
 have its fleet of "put- 
 puts," and as for the 
 waterways and harbors 
 along the coasts, they are 
 literally infested. Neces- 
 sarily, as in the case of 
 the automobile, thev 
 have caused the evolution 
 of a new form of archi- 
 tecture, the motor boat 
 garage. 
 
 It is especially neces- 
 sary to protect the high- 
 powered and finely fin- 
 ished boats from the weather, and on most freshwater lakes and 
 tideless rivers, this is 
 accomplished by hous- 
 ing them in some kind 
 of boat house. In 
 many cases where the 
 owner was already in 
 possession of a boat- 
 house, it has been made 
 over or added to, thus 
 providing accommoda- 
 tions for the motor 
 boat. This can often 
 
 be done with verv two-slip boathouse located near 
 satisfactory results and '^^'^^■^^'^'^j.V -1:aws6n°^^^'^° ^^' 
 
 ^Illustrations and information from an article by Laurence La Rue in ''Yachting." 
 
 91 
 
 CANVAS SHELTER AT BROCKVILLE. OXT.. 
 CANADA
 
 GARAGES AM) MOTOR BOAT HOl'STS 
 
 BOAT GARAGE LOCATED NEAR ALEXANDRIA BAY, N. Y. 
 OWNED BY W. B. HAYDEN 
 
 with comparatively slight expense but, generally speaking, it is 
 best to start afresh and build a shelter especially for the motor boat. 
 The simplest and least expensive shelter is one constructed 
 of canvas stretched over iron hoops. Assuming that the owner has 
 already a substantial dock or pier along his water front, he has 
 nearly half of his shelter ready made. A row of piles driven into 
 the river bed, parallel with his pier and about four feet more 
 
 BOAT-HOUSE WITH LEANTO, NEAR ROCKPORT, ONT., CANADA 
 
 92
 
 GARAGES AND MOTOR BOAT HOUSES 
 
 A Ce)\'KRhl) SLIP 
 
 than the width of the boat from it, with a stout timber secured 
 along the top, will give him support for his hoops. A heavy pier 
 with cribs well weighted will offer greater resistance to ice pres- 
 sure and other weather conditions, but will of course be more 
 costly, as well as more permanent. 
 
 To both piers, the iron hoops are secured in iron sockets, and 
 the canvas is stretched over them, making thus a shelter straddling 
 
 TWO-STORV BOAT-HOUSE LOCATED NEAR ALEXAXDRLX KAV. 
 N. Y. OVVXED BY W. B. HAYDEN 
 
 93
 
 GARAGES AXn MOTOR BOAT HOUSES 
 
 ELABORATE GARAGE LOCATED NEAR ALEXAXURLV BAY, X. V. 
 OWNED BY GEORGE R. BOLDT 
 
 the slip between the piers. The hoops should be long enough to 
 furnish sufficient head room so that occupants may get in and 
 out of the boat without bumping their heads. A sufficient width 
 of the platform over the pier should also be enclosed within the 
 canvas covering to afford a landing platform. 
 
 This method of constructing a shelter, since it is intended 
 for the summer months only, and must be taken down and put 
 away during the winter time, may also be applied to streams where 
 the rise and fall of the tide makes a stationary boat house im- 
 practicable. In this case, the boat owner commonly anchors a 
 
 MOTOR-BOAT GARAGE LOCATED NEAR ALEXANDRLA BAY, N .Y. 
 OWNED BY A. R. PEACOCK 
 
 94
 
 GARAGES AND MOTOR BOAT HOUSES 
 
 float outside of his pier and connects tlie two with a sliding runway. 
 If two floats were firmly anchored in the position of the two piers 
 above described, the hoops and canvas could be attached to them 
 in the same way. The superstructure and floats must of course 
 be removed and stored in winter. 
 
 In many cases, however, the rise and fall of the tide is not 
 the only hindrance to the construction of a boat house along shore. 
 Tidal streams have generally on one side or both, "flats" which 
 become covered in summer with a heavy growth of grass. Progress 
 through this with any kind of motor is difficult if not actually 
 impossible. The only thing left for those who inhabit the shores 
 of such streams is to anchor, safely and securely, outside of the 
 flats, a buoy to which they may tie their craft, and to provide a 
 stout waterproof covering for the cockpit and motor. 
 
 It is possible and practical to apply the idea of the hoop and 
 canvas covering to a structure of more substantial and permanent 
 character, and larger size. The first cut on Page 91 shows one 
 built after this fashion. 
 
 The second cut on Page 91 shows a small but verv satisfactory 
 structure with tvvo slips, and excellent dock facilities. 
 
 A method of reconstructing an old boat house to provide ac- 
 commodation for the motor craft is the ever-useful lean-to. The 
 second cut on Page 92 is a good illustration of what may be done 
 by this means. The pile construction is not substantial enough 
 for the additional pier to support the lean-to, and a heavy crib, 
 well weighted, should be built and allowed to settle until a steady 
 bottom is reached. The roof of the original structure may be ex- 
 tended to cover the lean-to, if this will allow headroom enough, 
 after which it is a simple matter to enclose the other side and the 
 two ends. If the sides of the slip are lined with plank to a depth 
 of a few feet below water level, it will not only improve the ap- 
 pearance of the interior, but will prevent the boat from catching 
 under the edges of the floor in case the water should recede a foot 
 or two. 
 
 The first cut on Page 9-^ shows another very simple form of 
 construction. It is simply a cover built over a slip in the dock. 
 
 If the boat owner has not a boat house, he is not subjected 
 to the temptation of converting it into a garage, and can begin 
 with a clear conscience to erect a shelter purposely for his boat, 
 which is certain to prove more satisfactory. A carefully planned 
 motor garage should contain, as well as storage for the boat, a 
 
 95
 
 GARAGES AND MOTOR BOAT HOUSES 
 
 repair shop in whjch it may be overhauled. It is a good plan to 
 allow plenty of room for dock space on both sides. This not only 
 adds to the appearance of the structure, but is useful in pleasant 
 weather, and when one side is rendered useless by high winds the 
 advantage of another on the leeward side needs no explanation. 
 The two illustrations of Page 94 show houses built to shelter 
 boats with masts. 
 
 96
 
 PART V 
 
 Garage Equipment and Appliances 
 
 THE buikling of a structure to house the automobile is only 
 a part of what is required to properly care for and main- 
 tain it. The equipment of a perfectly appointed garage 
 requires many special appliances and appointments which 
 are both necessary and great savers, both of labor and time, whether 
 it be a small garage for one machine wherein the owner expects 
 to do his own work and care for his own automobile, or the largest 
 garage of a public character where many machines must be taken 
 care of and the owners wish to get the greatest economy in service 
 and the highest return on their investment of capital. 
 
 FIRE PRECAUTIONS 
 
 If we turn to the garage regulations of the Fire Department 
 of the City of New York, we will find many rules, which are the 
 result of common sense and experience, laid down for the equip- 
 ment and maintenance of a garage. Broadly, the regulations cover 
 the housing of automobiles carrying volatile, inflammable liquid, 
 the storage of volatile, inflammable liquid, and the storage of cal- 
 cium carbide. In safeguarding the dangers involved in the three 
 cases mentioned above, the whole fabric of garage regulations has 
 been built up. They are just and sensible, and are approved by the 
 Board of Fire Underwriters, and where observed with care and 
 exactness, reduce fire insurance premiums to a minimum. The 
 restrictions put upon public garages are necessarily more exacting 
 than in the case of private garages, but the same principles apply 
 and it is mainly a case of quantity and not of quality. 
 
 The means of fire prevention consist of the proper storage 
 and handling of gasoline and inflammable oils and materials, and 
 will be discussed more fully later. The means of fire protection 
 in case of an accidental blaze are the usual precautionary measures 
 provided; alarm systems, automatic sprinklers, chemical extin- 
 guishers, both liquid and dry, and the provision of pails of dry 
 sand, which, while one of the most simple, is one of the most ef- 
 fective of extinguishers for a gasoline blaze. 
 
 97
 
 GARAGES AND MOTOR BOAT HOUSES 
 
 In an addenda we have printed the Litest garage regulations 
 of the City of New York as a useful guide to anv one who is about 
 to build or plan a garage no matter of what character. The meth- 
 ods of heating rc(]uired are the indirect methods \\ith the heating 
 apparatus secluded in separate rooms or vaults, completelv 
 isolated from the storage space. For a small garage heat may be 
 taken from the house nearby where there is a steam heating system. 
 F^lectric lighting is required according to New York regulations 
 and is everywhere advisable. Where there is electric lighting in 
 the house the circuit may easily be extended to the small garage 
 near by. For large garages the regulations should be followed 
 carefully as to the position of all switches and outlets so that the 
 danger of explosion from an accidental spark is minimized. This 
 also applies to power and where electric motors for running ma- 
 chinery or operating elevators are installed, it is necessary that 
 they be enclosed in separate fire proof compartments where no 
 spark may accidentally ignite gasoline fumes. The laws concern- 
 ing smoking are also definite and positive, and in commercial 
 garages it is required that notices reading "No Smoking" displayed 
 in large letters shall be posted on each floor and at all entrances. 
 
 While in the large cities, strict regulations are being enforced, 
 of which all the large garage owners realize the advantage be- 
 cause of the reduction in insurance premiums where extra pre- 
 cautions are taken, throughout the country districts, especially 
 in the neighborhood of summer resorts, like precautions are less 
 often observed, and it is not uncommon to find immense wooden 
 barns constructed for the summer accommodation of automobiles. 
 In every respect in these buildings, the provisions are lax for fire 
 prevention and it is really remarkable that many disastrous fires 
 have not occurred with the inevitable destruction of large numbers 
 of valuable machines. The fire risk of frame garages of this 
 character is not alone confined to the building itself and its con- 
 tents, but as they are usually located near hotels, the transmission 
 of embers by explosions and the wind may readily jeopardize the 
 hotel buildings. In the matter of fire protection, the conditions are 
 equally bad, for as a rule the equipment is of the scantest, and 
 poorest. Whatever there is, is provided by the owner, as in re- 
 mote country resorts there is seldom public fire protection. The 
 danger to capital is large, and the risk to life cannot be too greatly 
 emphasized. 
 
 With the large increase in the automobile interests, it cannot
 
 GARAGES AND MOTOR BOAT HOUSES 
 
 be long before the state authorities will take into their hands the 
 matter of fire regulation for protection in the construction of 
 garage buildings throughout the country districts similar to the 
 regulations already promulgated by most of the larger cities. 
 
 The National Fire Protection Association has already taken 
 up the matter of garage construction and the committee report is 
 of interest. We give it below. 
 
 "COMMITTEE report, F. E. Cabot, chairman, to the Na- 
 tional Fire Protection Association: For the purposes of this re- 
 port garages shall be divided into the following classes ; ( i ) Public 
 garages; (2) private garages. Throughout the report the word 
 "automobile" shall mean a vehicle designed to be propelled on a 
 road by the explosion of an inflammable liquid or by steam using 
 an inflammable liquid as fuel. The definition of a public garage 
 shall be a garage containing (i) cars used for public livery pur- 
 poses; (2) for the accommodation of cars for which storage is 
 paid when more than three in number; (3) garages having accom- 
 modations for more than ten automobiles. Public garages shall be 
 divided into the following classes: (i) Those containing automo- 
 biles which are the property of one concern, used for delivery, 
 express or similar purposes not exceeding twenty-five in number; 
 and (2) garages containing automobiles for the storage of which 
 a fee is paid and garages used for the storage of automobiles, the 
 property of one concern, more than twenty-five in number. 
 
 GENERAL RULES TO APPLY TO ALL GARAGES 
 " ( I ) Floors. — All floors on which automobiles are stored shall 
 have a surface which will not absorb oil unless the floor is of dirt, 
 and such surface shall be of non-combustible material. 
 
 "(2) Storage Levels. — No automobile shall be stored below 
 the level of the surrounding land unless the floor on which they 
 are stored has openings not less than three feet high above the 
 grade of the surrounding land on two or more sides and has at 
 least one exit directly to the outer air or to a stairwav enclosed in 
 brick, terra-cotta, wire lath and plaster or reinforced concrete with 
 standard fire doors on the opening. 
 
 "(3) JFalls. — All garages, if located within thirty feet of any 
 building occupied as a public building, that is, a State, city or 
 county administration building, detention buildings including hos- 
 pitals, reformatories, prisons and police stations; school buildings, 
 assembly halls, including churches, convention halls, exposition 
 
 99
 
 L,\l RAGES AXD MOTOR BOAT HOUSES 
 
 buildings, railroad depots or any building containing an assembly 
 hall for a concourse of more than one hundred pe(jple, theaters, 
 offices, tenements or dwellings except the dwelling of the owner 
 of the garage, shall be of brick and shall have a clear space on 
 all sides except the street line, if of fireproof construction, of five 
 feet. If of brick walls with wooden flcjors, eight feet. If of frame, 
 ten feet; provided that wlicn such buildings are or are to be located 
 in a block between street lines it will be built with dead brick 
 walls along the lot lines of spaces nearer than the provision given 
 above. 
 
 "(4) Gnso/iiic Tanks. — Storage tanks for gasoline shall be 
 installed in accordance with the following rules: 
 
 "Must be located underground below the level of the lowest 
 pipe used for filling the tank or delivering the gasoline and pre- 
 ferably at least ten feet from all buildings. If within ten feet of 
 any building it must be located below the level of the cellar or 
 basement unless a concrete wall is built running at least a foot 
 below the cellar bottom and two feet beyond each end of the tank 
 between tank and the building. 
 
 "Must be constructed of iron or steel plate securely riveted 
 or pressed in to form. Tanks should be galvanized or painted on 
 the outside with rust-proof paint. Must be provided with fill pipe 
 and vent pipe. When the tank is within ten feet of any building 
 the vent pipe must rise above the highest opening of any such 
 building. Must have a disc of 60 mesh brass gauge wire gauze 
 inserted and a return bend or goose neck on top. Where this 
 vent pipe is not required, the fill and vent pipes must be so ar- 
 ranged that the fill pipe cannot be opened without also opening 
 the vent and must terminate in an iron box, the cover of which 
 should be practically fiush with the ground and should be locked. 
 
 "No gasoline shall be kept in any garage except that contained 
 in the reservoirs of automobiles and in the measuring pumps used 
 for filling, provided, however, that there may be not exceeding 
 one barrel in a portable tank of a type listed by tlie National Board 
 of Fire Underwriters, and also not exceeding two quarts for clean- 
 ing purposes kept in and used from a metal safety can. 
 
 "If the pump for emptying the gasoline storage tank is located 
 within any building it must be a listeT measuring pump, but when 
 used outside of the garage and not less than ten feet from other 
 buildings a suction pump of the ordinary type may be used. 
 
 "No filling, emptying or opening of any gasoline reservoir
 
 GARAGES AND MOTOR BOAT HOUSES 
 
 of anv automobile shall be done when the same is \\ ithiii tlie garage 
 except by daylight or incandescent electric light and no artificial 
 light, blaze or fire shall be allowed in the room wiiere and when 
 such reservoir is open. 
 
 "(S) Wiring. — All wiring to be in accordance with the Na- 
 tional Electric Code. 
 
 "(6) Electrical Devices. — No electric device, the operation 
 of which may produce sparis.ing, shall be located in any room in 
 which the filling of the gasoline tanks on machines is permitted 
 except by written permission of the inspection department having 
 jurisdiction. 
 
 SPECIFIC RULES 
 
 ^''Wooden Buildings. — Garages of frame construction shall be 
 located not less than thirty feet from all other buildings except 
 that garages containing not more than two machines may be less 
 than thirty feet from the dwelling of the owner. Such garages 
 shall not be more than thirtv feet in height and shall not have 
 shingle roofs. 
 
 "Public Garages. — Public garages, capable of C(Mitaining 
 more than ten machines, if of frame construction, shall be fifty 
 feet from all other buildings. If of brick walls with wooden floors 
 and roof, thev shall not be located in the congested districts of 
 cities, and shall have all openings protected with standard fire 
 doors or shutters or wire glass windows. 
 
 "Fireproofing Requirements. — All elevators and stairways 
 shall be enclosed in brick or reinforced concrete walls with ap- 
 proved fire doors on all openings. 
 
 "In buildings of fireproof construction all weight bearing 
 metal shall be protected in an approved manner. 
 
 "In buildings of other than fireproof construction, all weight 
 bearing metal shall be properly protected against damage bv fire 
 by brick, terra-cotta or reinforced concrete having a minimum 
 thickness of two inches. 
 
 "In such buildings all elevator and stair wells, light and 
 vent shafts shall be enclosed in brick, terra-cotta, reinforced con- 
 crete or expanded metal plastered with hard plaster." 
 
 HEATING AND VENTILATION 
 
 The heating and ventilation of a garage are points that must 
 be considered alike in the smallest and most modest building for 
 a single machine, and in the great commercial buildings that house 
 
 lOI
 
 GARAGES AND MOTOR BOAT HOUSES 
 
 manv. Careless methods in cither case court tiisaster. Tlie small 
 building naturally commands our first attention and is most inter- 
 esting to manv. The only absolute re(]uiremcnt for heatins^ is 
 that the temperature shall never get so low as to freeze the water 
 in the pipes and tanks of a gasoline car, or that in the boiler of a 
 steam car. Of course, it will occur to the reader that it is possible 
 to use a non-freezing solution in pipes and radiator of the auto- 
 mobile which may be accomplished by the addition of glycerine, 
 common salt or other chlorides according to many formula?. How- 
 ever, while this may do in an extremity, an unlieated building al- 
 ways possesses a disadvantage, for working about cold machinery 
 in w'inter weather is not comfortable, and some provision for heat- 
 ing enters the mind of every garage owner. To provide heat for a 
 small garage is a more troublesome matter to the individual owner 
 tlian the heating of a large commercial building. Direct heating 
 by gas or oil stoves within the structure is out of the question as 
 the risk is far too great. All these direct heaters to be efficient 
 must be located near the floor, and this is the particular point 
 where the greatest danger occurs as the gasoline fumes are naturally 
 heavier than air and accumulate mostly at the lowest level. Some 
 arrangement must be made to place the fire where inflammable 
 vapors cannot come in contact with it. This may be accomplished 
 by placing the heating apparatus within a completely isolated com- 
 partment in the main building or else in an outside or adjoining 
 building which is not entered from the main building — by far the 
 better plan. For a small garage a lean-to may be built to contain 
 the stove which may be of any type according to the choice of the 
 owner. The stove should be most properly placed in a metal 
 sheathed compartment so that if hot air heating is used, the heated 
 air does not come in direct contact with the fire. If hot water or 
 steam is used as a medium, complete isolation of the fire room 
 from the main building is equally necessary, but more easily ac- 
 complished. 
 
 For heating large garages, steam or hot water systems, with 
 the heating apparatus in separate or adjoining but completely 
 isolated buildings, are to be recommended. \Miere the heating 
 apparatus must be included within the same building which is 
 the case in city structures, the laws provide for tiic placing of the 
 heating apparatus in isolated vaults which are entered from the 
 outside of the building and have no connection with the interior 
 whatever.
 
 GARAGES AXD MOTOR BOAT HOUSES 
 
 In the matter of ventilation, a garage must be ventilated from 
 the bottom for, as before mentioned, the gasoline vapors are heavier 
 than air and naturally settle to the floor. Venting a garage from 
 top openings will naturally draw ofif foul air, but will not remove 
 gasoline fumes. A simple method of ventilation for a small garage 
 is to install an ordinary stove pipe, opening near the floor and 
 venting at the roof. If this pipe is heated part way up the wall 
 by contact with a radiator or by passing before a register, the 
 natural expansion of the air within will cause a circulation and 
 produce the desired ventilation. If this is not feasible, the pipe 
 may be brought out through the side and jacketed by the smoke 
 pipe from the heater in the adjoining building; the air within it 
 will thus be sufficiently heated to cause a draft and draw the vapors 
 up through it from the floor. This method is obviously attended 
 with more risk than the first scheme. A mere opening at the floor 
 level would not accomplish the result of ventilating the building, 
 as the draft would naturally be in and not out, and would only 
 result in diffusing the gasoline vapors. 
 
 In large garages, methods of forced ventilation may be 
 adopted with success to clear cellars and floors. A word of warn- 
 ing is not inappropriate here as to placing heating apparatus or 
 forges, etc., in open basements, as here is the point where the 
 greatest amount of dangerous fumes are apt to accumulate and 
 is naturallv the most dangerous point for fire. 
 
 TURNTABLES 
 
 The appliances for working in a garage are many and the 
 most important of these are various devices for handling and work- 
 ing on the cars as a whole. Turntables of several types are manu- 
 factured which turn flush with the floor and are built into pits. 
 Still other types are obtainable which may be installed on a flat 
 floor and give satisfactory results. The turntable, however, is a 
 device which pertains more to the large garage, and is an expen- 
 sive installation for the private owner. For handling machines 
 in a garage which will house from two to five automobiles, roller 
 devices are manufactured which may be slipped under the wheels 
 of a car, and acting as castors, make possible easy moving and short 
 turning of the machine. 
 
 The Automobile and Accessories Manufacturing Company 
 of Baltimore, Aid., manufacture permanent turn-tables and also 
 the ''Norwood" castor. Together with this they have lately 
 
 103
 
 GARAGES AXD MOTOR BOAT HOUSES 
 
 brouglit out a two-ton jack whicli fits on tlic top ol the castor. 
 This is a very handy device in the shop and garage, and one tliat 
 will prevent much damage in handling automobiles, especially in 
 shipping niaciiines and moving them in and out of cars and 
 buildings. 
 
 REPAIR PITS, STATIONARY AND PORTABLE HOISTS 
 
 Next in importance, the repair pit and other appliances for 
 working under the automobile come into consideration. Repair 
 pits should always be built and lined with concrete and preferably 
 coated with impervious cement within. Furthermore, it is ad- 
 visable to provide them witii suitable drains, ^^'aste drippings of 
 gasoline, etc., collect through carelessness in the repair pit and 
 may readily lead to destructive fires, and if the repair pit is built 
 and lined with wood, the danger is many times multiplied, ^^'here 
 it is not convenient to build a repair pit, a handy substitute is to 
 build a platform, 30 inches or so above the floor, of heavy planks 
 a foot or more wide and guarded at the sides, on to which the car 
 may be run with inclined planks. This arrangement makes it 
 possible to work below a car, and when not in use such a support- 
 ing platform may be set aside out of the way. Some of the garages 
 previouslv described in this book are provided with tackle hoists 
 by which the front or rear of a machine may be raised off the floor 
 and thus afiford access to its under side. Still others have been pro- 
 vided with crane hoists which run on travelers so that heavy por- 
 tions of the machine such as the engine may be lifted out and set 
 one side. All such appliances are convenient. A portable hoist 
 is on the market which consists of a moveable base with an over- 
 reaching; crane arm carrving a tackle bv which an automobile mav 
 be lifted, front or rear. This is a convenient and useful device. 
 
 A jack for lifting an automobile is usually supplied with the 
 equipment of the machine. The variety of styles in which these 
 jacks are manufactured is almost unlimited, but they are mostly 
 of the double acting ratchet type which has suflicient strength to 
 lift any type of automobile. A substantial jack is a convenient ap- 
 purtenance in the garage and a light, portable jack is a necessity 
 in the road repair kit of an automobile. In some types, the handle 
 is removable and is shaped to form a handy tire tool. 
 
 The Lane Brothers Company of Poughkeepsie, N. Y., manu- 
 facture jacks of various types which are suitable for automobile 
 use. They also manufacture door hangers which are inevitably 
 
 104
 
 GARAGES AND MOTOR BOAT HOUSES 
 
 necessary on the large sliding doors of all garages. The types they 
 manufacture are easy running and adaptable to varied con- 
 structions. 
 
 FLOORS 
 
 The floor of garages should always, both for convenience and 
 for safety, be concreted and surfaced with cement or other im- 
 pervious composition of which there are several types in the 
 market, to make them as impervious as possible. The floor should 
 be graded to a low level for drainage and in large garages special 
 places should be provided for washing and cleaning. Where the 
 drainage from a garage enters into the city sewers, oil traps should 
 be placed in the sewer line to collect oil and waste and prevent 
 danger of explosions in the sewers. In many cities such oil traps 
 are required bv law. 
 
 WASHING AND CLEANING DEVICES 
 
 Devices for the washing and cleaning of automobiles are pro- 
 curable such as rotating, swinging arms at the ceiling with hose 
 connection by means of which a machine can be easily cleaned. 
 Many types of nozzle with sponge washers are obtainable in the 
 market. The washer arms as a rule are provided with electric 
 light attachments which move with them. 
 
 LIGHT ATTACHMENTS 
 
 Portable electric light attachments for working about auto- 
 mobiles are also a great convenience. The ordinary lamp on the 
 end of a flexible cord is useful, but standards with long flexible 
 arms are also obtainable which make possible the convenient plac- 
 ing of a lamp near the working point. The bulb should always 
 be protected by a wire cage in all portable lighting attachments 
 to prevent accidental breakage. 
 
 WORK BENCHES AND TOOL CABINETS 
 
 An important feature of garage equipment is a substantial 
 work bench, and a great convenience accompanying this is a good 
 tool cabinet. A substantial bench and a kit of ordinary tools are 
 generally sufficient for the private garage where the owner expects 
 to do light repair work on his own machine. In larger private 
 
 103
 
 GARAGES AND MOTOR BOAT HOUSES 
 
 garages where the owner employs a mechanic it is often practical 
 to install a lathe, drill press and in an outside compartment, a 
 forge, but sucii equipment is usually unnecessary as it is cheaper 
 to have heavy repairs done at the automobile factory. In public 
 garages, the repair department is an important and lucrative por- 
 tion of the equipment and the machine shop is elaborate and well 
 equipped, containing all appliances for machine work, welding 
 and repair on the engine and the chassis of the car. Moreover, it 
 is not unusual to find a shop for the v\fagon maker and space for 
 painting and varnishing the bodies of cars. Besides this the equip- 
 ment for tire repairs is an important item. 
 
 TIRE INFLATION PUMPS 
 
 No more laborious occupation is to be found than the hand 
 pumping of tires on an automobile, and many are the devices 
 which have been invented and marketed to avoid the unpleasant 
 process of pumping tires. The outfits 
 manufactured by The Gardner Governor 
 Company of Quincey, 111., are simple and 
 serviceable. Such appliances are an abso- 
 lute necessity in the commercial garage, and 
 may not be considered a luxury for the man 
 who has a private garage containing more 
 than one machine. A compact form of the 
 pumping apparatus is shown in the accom- 
 panying cut. This consists of a motor- 
 driven air compressor and compressed air 
 reservoir, all combined in the same stand. 
 
 The small space occupied and the advantage of always having 
 compressed air on tap from which tires may be inflated to a 
 uniform and even pressure, increases the economy of the tires and 
 adds enormouslv to the satisfaction of an automobile owner. 
 
 LOCKERS 
 
 In the private garage good closet space is never regretted 
 by the owner for there is always much more to take care of than 
 is originally anticipated. Robe racks and closets for hanging 
 motor apparel are always useful. Usually an owner will not make 
 a mistake in putting in the best, and in this respect good metal 
 lockers are by far the most economical of room, the most easily 
 cleaned and the least destructible. In public garages where owners 
 
 1 06
 
 GARAGES AND MOTOR BOAT HOUSES 
 
 hire space for their cars, the usual aHowance is two large lockers 
 with each car stored, and the locker rooms with their accompany- 
 ing toilet rooms and dressing rooms, in the large garages, are an 
 important item in the architect's plan and affording space for them 
 is a matter of careful study to maintain the economy of the building. 
 
 SYSTEMS OF GASOLINE STORAGE 
 
 The storage of gasoline is the most important item of any in 
 the equipment of the garage. Proper storage of this fluid is ab- 
 solutely necessary, both from the stand-point of economy and from 
 the danger of explosion. There are a variety of systems on the 
 market, operating on several different principles, but we shall en- 
 deavor to describe here only a few equipments. 
 
 Among the best of the systems for gasoline storage are the 
 varied types manufactured by S. F. Bowser & Company, Inc. 
 We shall describe a few of their equipments. 
 
 First, for the storage of gasoline a proper tank is necessary. 
 The Bowser tanks are made of galvanized steel, carefullv riveted, 
 with soldered seams and finished with three coats of asphaltum, 
 making the tank rust-proof, so that when buried in the ground 
 it is fully protected. Underground storage preserves the efficiency 
 of the gasoline by keeping it at an even temperature and preventing 
 evaporation. The tank may be placed as far from the garage as 
 desired, and absolutely protects the owner from danger of a tank 
 explosion. The filler pipe to the Bowser tank consists of a heavy 
 outer pipe with an inner filling tube which extends to the bottom 
 of the tank, and which is fitted with a fine screen to strain the 
 gasoline. The top of this filler pipe is fitted with a patent filler 
 pipe cap with an automatic ball valve air vent. This valve pre- 
 vents vacuum in the tank when the gasoline is being drawn and 
 seals the tank when the pump is inactive. It possesses a locking 
 device so that the opening may be closed securely. To measure the 
 amount of gasoline in the tank a gauge stick is used. 
 
 Usually in cities it is necessary to vent the gasoline tanks above 
 the roofs, and in this case a special vent pipe must be extended 
 from the tank to the roof of the garage. The vent pipe terminates 
 in an air vent protector of "T" shape, the openings of which are 
 protected with double wire gauge fire screens. Tanks may 
 be made of any desired capacity and of thicknesses to meet the 
 regulations which are in effect in various parts of the country. 
 Pump devices within the garage building to be used in connection 
 
 10-
 
 GARAGES AND MOTOR BOAT HOUSES 
 
 with the storage tanks without the building arc of two general 
 patterns — measuring pumps and non-measuring pumps. 
 
 The Bowser measuring pump will discharge an accurate gal- 
 lon, half-gallon, quart or pint at a stroke as desired. It is a neces- 
 sary appliance in all commercial garages and a useful one in the 
 private garage. The pumps are built entirely of metal with cylin- 
 der, plunger rod, stuffing box, etc., made of brass. Thev are ex- 
 tremely well made as is necessary for such an appliance. Tiiey 
 have a discharge register which automatically tallies the number 
 of gallons pumped and a locking device which prevents waste or 
 use of gasoline by persons not in possession of the key. One of the 
 other types of pump used is the non-registering pump, which is 
 double acting and gives a continuous flow of gasoline. It is as well 
 made and possesses all the advantages of the other tvpes with the 
 exception of the registering device. Special anti-drip filling 
 nozzles are provided and besides the stationary nozzle at the 
 pump, a gasoline hose with connecting nozzle, which makes it 
 possible to pump directly into the tank on the car, may be pro- 
 cured. The Bowser centrifugal filter is a useful device which 
 thoroughly filters the gasoline as fast as it is pumped before it goes 
 into a car. All water or other impurities which may be in the 
 gasoline, are eliminated without straining it by any method. 
 
 Another type of Bowser storage tank which is more adap- 
 table for suburban or country service, and for persons pos- 
 sessing country homes, is the storage tank which is buried in the 
 ground with pump connection directly above it. The tank and 
 filling pipe need no further description, but the pumping outfit 
 may be further described. One pattern consists of both filling and 
 suction pipe extending above the surface of the ground with cov- 
 ering caps. The pump, being detachable, may be put on only 
 W'hen the gasoline is needed. It discharges on the down stroke 
 and is so arranged that the gasoline may be discharged out of 
 the hose and cylinder by simply returning the plunger to the bot- 
 tom of the pump cylinder. 
 
 A low-priced "long distance" outfit, which should be popular 
 with private motorists because of its convenience, safety and 
 economy, is known as the "Pony" outfit. This has a well built, 
 simple pump working with an up-and-down stroke, and for a 
 small garage is as efficient and useful as many more expensive 
 equipments. 
 
 These four outfits which we have illustrated here are avail- 
 
 io8
 
 GARAGES AND MOTOR BOAT HOUSES 
 
 '11 
 
 ^ ^= % 
 
 ^f 
 
 eff* 
 
 ROLL TOP LL'CKICATINC OIL CABINET 
 
 LONG DISTANCE GASOLINE STORAGE SYSTEM 
 WITH MEASURING PUMP 
 
 LONG DISTANCE GASOLINE STORAGE SYSTEM 
 WITH NON-MEASURING PUMP 
 
 CASOLINE STORAGE OUTFIT WITH DETACHABLE 
 PUMP 
 
 PONY LONG DISTANCE OUTFIT 
 
 SOME OF THE VARIOUS TYPES OF BOWSER STORAGE OUTFITS 
 
 109
 
 GARAGES AND MOTOR BOAT HOUSES 
 
 able for practically every class of gasoline storage and they sliould 
 meet the needs of most owners. 
 
 For the use of motor boat garages, the tank type first described 
 with a measuring pump is to be recommended. However, the 
 cabinet outfit which may be set up on the fioor of the boat house 
 with the pump above it may in some cases be most desirable. 
 
 The storage of lubricating oils may best be provided for by 
 means of lubricating oil cabinets, ^^'here more than one grade of 
 lubricating oil is required, several tanks and pumps may be com- 
 bined within one cabinet to advantage. This may be the case 
 especially in the commercial garages. 
 
 Bowser systems of storage are installed in many of the garages 
 illustrated in the earlier parts of this work, in both the private 
 and commercial buildings, in the descriptions of whicli the Bowser 
 system is referred to. 
 
 A system of gasoline storage differing entirely from the one 
 above mentioned is known as the Hydraulic System of gasoline 
 storage and is manufactured by the Hydraulic Oil Storage Com- 
 pany. The principle upon which the system works is that 
 gasoline is naturally lighter than water and will float upon its 
 surface, and the system is operated by the difference in the specific 
 gravities of the two liquids. To draw gasoline no pump is neces- 
 sary. When the water valve is opened the gasoline naturally flows 
 until shut off, being forced up by the weight of the water ad- 
 mitted from a tank supply similar to the flush tank used on sanitary 
 appliances. The system is an efficient one, giving economy in the 
 use of gasoline and preventing evaporation. 
 
 Another advantage of the system is that the gasoline is never 
 exposed to the air, and that the tank is always full. The feed is 
 from the top of the tank and all sediment or dirt that is in the 
 gasoline naturally settles to the bottom of the tank and into the 
 water. No vent pipe is necessary on the system as there are no 
 gases to escape. There is no gasoline valve on the system as the 
 flow is controlled by the water valve; admitting more water 
 causes the gasoline to flow. The storage tank can be located either 
 within or without the building as desired. The system is supplied 
 with a gauge which shows the quantity of gasoline in the storage 
 tank at all times. This system was used in the Taxi Cab Company 
 garage, New York City, which is illustrated in the Fourth Part 
 of this book.
 
 The City of New York Garage Regulations 
 
 Resolution adopted at a meetiii}:; of the Municipal Explosives Commission held 
 at the Headquarters of the Fire Department, City of New York, December 20th, 
 1905, amending the regulations of the Municipal Explosives Commission, and estab- 
 lishing Garage Regulations for the City of New York. 
 
 Resolved, that sections thirty-eight, thirty-nine, forty, and forty-one of part 
 seven of the Regulations of the Miuiicipal Explosives Commission be and are hereby 
 repealed; and be it further resolved that the Regulations of the Municipal Ex- 
 plosives Commission be and are hereby amended by adding new part number ten, 
 to be known as the Garage Regulations of the City of New ^'ork, and to read 
 as follows : 
 
 PART X 
 
 GARAGE REGULATIONS. 
 Sec. I. Title. 
 
 These Regulations shall be known 
 as the Garage Regulations of the City 
 of New York. 
 
 Approved December 28, 1905. 
 Sec. 2. Definitions. 
 
 Certain words used in these regu- 
 lations are defined for the purpose 
 thereof as follows : 
 
 1. "Approved" means approved by the 
 
 Fire Commissioner; 
 
 2. A "Volatile inflammable liquid" is 
 
 any liquid that will emit an in- 
 flammable vapor at a temperature 
 below 100° F. when tested in — 
 
 a. The open air, or — 
 
 b. The closed pyrometer of Gui- 
 
 seppe Tagliabue ; 
 
 3. An "Automobile" is any self-pro- 
 
 pelling vehicle; 
 
 4. A "Garage" is— 
 
 a. That portion of a building in 
 
 which any automobile carrying 
 volatile inflammable liquid is 
 kept, whether said automobile 
 be kept for use, for sale, for 
 rental, for exhibition, or for 
 demonstrating purposes, and — 
 
 b. All that portion of a building 
 
 that is on or below the floor or 
 floors on which an automobile 
 carrying a volatile inflammable 
 liquid is kept, and is not sepa- 
 rated therefrom by tight, un- 
 pierced fire-walls and floors. 
 Approved December 28, 1905. 
 Sec. 3. Authority for These Reg- 
 ulations. 
 These regulations are established 
 under authority of two separate or- 
 dinances adopted by the Board of Al- 
 dermen May 13, 1902, and approved 
 by the Mayor May 19, 1902, each en- 
 titled "An ordinance to regulate the 
 sale, use, and transportation of explo- 
 sives in the City of New "York." 
 Approved December 28, 1905. 
 Sec. 4. Prohibitions. 
 
 An automobile carrying a volatile 
 inflammable liquid shall not be placed 
 in a building that has not been licensed 
 as a garage by the Fire Commissioner. 
 Approved December 28, 1905. 
 Sec. 5. Violation, a Misdemeanor. 
 Section 389 of the Penal Code pro- 
 vides that "A person who makes or 
 keeps gunpowder, nitro-glycerine, or 
 any other explosive or combustible 
 material, within a city or village, or
 
 GARAGES AND MOTOR BOAT HOUSES 
 
 carries such mati-rial through the 
 streets thereof, in a quantity or man- 
 ner prohibited bj- law or by ordinance 
 of the city or village, is guilty of a 
 misdemeanor." 
 
 Approved December 28, 1905. 
 Sec. 6. Licenses. 
 Licenses shall — 
 
 1. Be issued — 
 
 /I. By the Fire Commissioner, 
 
 b. Subject to all the conditions 
 
 of these regulations, and 
 such further restrictions as 
 the Fire Commissioner may 
 deem necessary. 
 
 c. For the term during which all 
 
 the conditions and restric- 
 tions are strictly observed, 
 for the period of one year; 
 
 2. Terminate immediately on any 
 
 violation of these regulations 
 or the restrictions imposed by 
 the Fire Commissioner; 
 
 3. Be revoked by the Fire Commis- 
 
 sioner should he deem that the 
 interest of public safety so de- 
 mands; 
 
 4. Not to be issued for a building — 
 a. Occupied in any part as a 
 
 dwelling, an hospital, a 
 theatre, a church, a school, 
 or as a boarding, lodging, or 
 tenement house, — the only 
 exception to this provision is 
 that a license may be 
 granted for a private garage 
 in a building occupied in 
 part as a dwelling by the 
 family of an owner, a lessee, 
 or an employee ; but in case 
 the said building in which 
 the private garage is to be 
 located is of fireproof con- 
 struction throughout, and 
 the living apartments are 
 separated from the garage by 
 unpierced fireproof walls and 
 floors, the same may be oc- 
 
 cupied by two families, each 
 of which shall be the family 
 of an owner, a lessee or an 
 employee of the licensee. 
 Approved September 19, 1907. 
 
 l>. Where, at any one time, more 
 than ten people congregate 
 in a portion of the building 
 that is outside of the garage 
 and is not separated there- 
 from by unpierced, approved 
 fire-walls and floors; 
 
 c. Where all sewer connections 
 from washstands and sinks 
 are not provided with an ap- 
 proved oil trap with a glass 
 gauge pipe and a draw off 
 cock, in a readily accessible 
 place. 
 
 5. Not authorize the keeping of 
 
 more than — 
 
 a. Ten gallons of volatile inflam- 
 
 mable liquid in approved 
 safety cans, 
 
 b. Thirteen hundred and seventy- 
 
 five gallons (25 bbls.) of 
 volatile inflammable liquid in 
 underground storage tanks, 
 
 c. One hundred and twenty 
 
 pounds of calcium carbide in 
 air-tight containers; 
 
 6. Be issued for a garage at an an- 
 
 nual fee of ten dollars, and 
 may authorize — 
 
 a. The keeping of — 
 
 (i) Automobiles carrying vol- 
 atile inflammable liquid, 
 
 (2) Volatile inflammable liq- 
 
 uid, 
 
 (3) Calcium carbide; 
 
 b. The sale of — 
 
 (l) Volatile infl.immable liq- 
 uid for filling the tanks 
 of automobiles by trans- 
 ferring such liquid from 
 the underground storage 
 tanks into the tanks of
 
 GARAGES AND MOTOR BOAT HOUSES 
 
 automobiles on the 
 premises of the garage, 
 (2) Calcium carbide; 
 7. Be issued for a private garage at 
 an annual fee of two tioUars 
 and — 
 a. May authorize the keeping 
 of— 
 
 ( 1 ) Automobiles carrying vol- 
 
 atile inflammable liquid, 
 provided that all such 
 vehicles are used for the 
 licensee's individual use, 
 and are neither rented 
 out nor used to carry 
 passengers for hire, 
 
 (2) Volatile inflammable liq- 
 
 uid for use in such auto- 
 mobiles, 
 
 (3) Calcium carbide for use 
 
 in such automobiles. 
 b. Shall not authorize the sale 
 of— 
 
 (1) Volatile inflammable liq- 
 
 uid, 
 
 (2) Calcium carbide. 
 Approved July 20, igob. 
 
 Sec. 7. Safety Cans. 
 
 Approved safety cans for storing 
 volatile inflammable liquids in a gar- 
 age shall be of a capacity of five gal- 
 lons or less, and when not in use shall 
 sit in drip pans, either in a pump 
 house or in an approved closet. 
 ti. Portable filling tanks for trans- 
 porting volatile inflammable liq- 
 uids from the storage tank to the 
 automobile may be used under 
 the following conditions : 
 
 1. Application must be made to the 
 
 Fire Commissioner for a spe- 
 cial permit in the case of each 
 tank to be used. 
 
 2. The tank must be kept only in 
 
 the pump house or in a storage 
 closet of approved construction 
 when not in actual use. 
 1. The construction of the tank and 
 
 its carriage must conform to 
 the following specifications and 
 must otherwise meet the ap- 
 proval of the Fire Commis- 
 sioner. 
 4. Specifications — The tank shall, 
 if cylindrical, have concave 
 heads, the body J/g-'ich mild 
 steel, the heads of the same ma- 
 terial, 3-16-inch thick; if rec- 
 tangular the tank shall be 
 made of 3-16-inch mild steel 
 throughout. All joints shall be 
 riveted and caulked and all 
 pipe connections shall be rein- 
 forced. The capacity of the 
 tank shall not exceed 50 gal- 
 lons. The tank shall be car- 
 ried on a strong iron frame, 
 firmly attached to it and pro- 
 vided with rubber tired wheels. 
 The tank shall be discharged 
 by pumping and not by air 
 pressure, and the outlet shall 
 be free from leakage when the 
 pump is not working. No 
 hose attached to the tank shall 
 be more than eight feet in 
 length. All hose connections 
 shall be Keystone brass unions. 
 Approved July 2, 1907. 
 Sec. 8. Safety Can Closets. 
 
 Closets for storing garage safety 
 cans shall — 
 
 1. Not be larger than required for the 
 
 purpose ; 
 
 2. Be lined inside and covered outside 
 
 w itii sheet tin applied with lock 
 joints and blind nailed ; 
 
 3. Be ventilated to the outer air; 
 
 4. Be in an exposed location. 
 Approved December 28, 1905. 
 
 Sec. 9. Delivery of Vol.atile In- 
 flammable Liquid. 
 The delivery of volatile inflamma- 
 ble liquid to a garage shall be made 
 in daylight only and shall be made — 
 I. In barrels or safety cans, or — 
 
 113
 
 GARAGES AND MOTOR BOAT HOUSES 
 
 2. From a hancl wa^'oii. 
 
 Approved December 28, 1905. 
 Sec. 10. Delivery in JIarrei.s or 
 Safety Cans. 
 The barrels or safety cans in vvliich 
 volatile inllammable liquid is delivered 
 to a garage shall immediately be — 
 
 1. Placed alongside intake of filling 
 
 pipe, 
 
 2. Emptied into tank by means of a 
 
 pump or siphon, and — 
 
 3. Removed from the premises forth- 
 
 with. 
 Approved December 28, 11)05. 
 Sec. II. Delivery from Harrei.- 
 Wagons. 
 Harrel-vvagons delivering volatile 
 inflammable liquid to a garage — 
 
 1. Shall be provided with a metallic 
 
 hose and an automatic siuit-off 
 valve at hose coupling to barrels 
 on wagon ; 
 
 2. Shall not enter the building; 
 
 3. Shall couple hose to filling pipe 
 
 connection outside of building. 
 Approved December 28, 1905. 
 Sec. 12. Storage Tanks. 
 Storage tanks shall — 
 
 1. Not be installed until application 
 
 with plans and specifications 
 showing full details of location 
 and construction of tank and all 
 connections, has been approved by 
 the Fire Commissioner ; 
 
 2. Not be placed — 
 
 a. Under a sidewalk or in a side- 
 
 walk area unless it shall be 
 shown to the satisfaction of the 
 Fire Commissioner that there 
 are physical conditions that 
 make it impracticable to install 
 it elsewhere ; nor — 
 
 b. Inside any building; that is more 
 
 than one story high, or tliat has 
 a cellar or a basement ; 
 
 3. Not have a capacity in excess of 
 
 two hundred and seventy-five gal- 
 lons; 
 
 4. He made ot iron or steel .'it le.ist 
 
 three-eighths of an inch in tiiick- 
 ness : 
 
 5. He coated on the outside with tar 
 
 or other rust-resisting material; 
 b. Have all joints tightly caulked; 
 
 7. He tested by hydrostatic pressure, 
 
 one iiunihed lbs. to the square 
 inch ; 
 
 8. Have all pipe connections at tiie 
 
 top ; 
 
 9. Be buried at least two feet under 
 
 ground, and in addition to lieing 
 two feet under ground. 
 
 (/. Tanks tiiat are to be filled b\ a 
 pipe from tile street siiall be 
 buried at least two feet lower 
 than the grade of the street, 
 
 /'. Tanks that are within ten feet 
 of any buililinLr shall — if prac- 
 ticable — be buried two feet 
 lower than the le\el of the 
 lowest cellar Hoor in any such 
 building; 
 
 10. Be embedded in twelve inclies of 
 
 Portland Cement concrete, well 
 tamped in place, and — 
 (7. Should there be more than one 
 tank, they shall be separated by 
 at least twelve inches of such 
 concrete, and — 
 I'. Should a tank be within ten feet 
 of a buildint; and not be buried 
 at least two feet lower than the 
 level of the lowest cellar floor 
 of ' such building, it shall 
 be embedded and surrounded 
 by Portland Cement concrete 
 twelve inches in thickness to 
 top of tank ; 
 
 ] I. He provided with a filling pipe, a 
 vent pipe, and (if not more 
 than thirty feet from all build- 
 ings) a drawing-off pipe; 
 
 12. Be provided with an approved 
 pumii or with an approved 
 pressure apparatus for drawing 
 off contents ; 
 
 114
 
 GARAGES AND MOTOR BOAT HOUSES 
 
 13. Not to be placcil so that the top 
 of tank sliall be below the 
 (IrawiiiK-off point. 
 
 Approved December 28, 1905. 
 
 Sec. I,?. \'i-xT I'li'K. 
 
 Tlie vent pipe shall be — 
 
 1. .Made of one-inch or larger 
 
 wrought iron pipe, with — 
 /I. Heavy cast iron fittings, 
 I). Screw joints made with litharge 
 and glycerine ; 
 
 2. Connected with top of storage 
 
 tank; 
 
 3. Provided with a screen of thirty 
 
 mesh brass wire at or near the 
 tank connection ; 
 
 4. Carried up to the outer air, be well 
 
 braced in position, and — 
 
 a. Either capped with a double 
 
 goose neck with openings — 
 
 ( 1 ) At least ten feet higher 
 
 than the roof of the gar- 
 age, 
 
 (2) More than twenty feet 
 
 from all windows in 
 higher adjacent build- 
 ings, and — 
 ( 3 ) Covered with a brass wire 
 screen of one-sixteenth- 
 inch mesh ; 
 
 b. Or closed by a shut-off cock so 
 
 arranged that the filling pipe 
 cannot be opened witliout 
 opening the vent, and the 
 opening to the shut-off cock 
 shall be — 
 
 ( 1 ) Directly over storage tank, 
 
 (2) More than thirty feet 
 
 from all buildings, 
 
 (3) Covered by a screen of 
 
 thirty mesh brass wire, 
 
 (4) Closeil by a screw cap 
 
 when not in use, and — 
 
 (5) Enclosed in a metal box. 
 
 with a cover that is 
 flush with the s\n'face of 
 
 the ground and is kept 
 locked when not in use. 
 
 Approved December 28, 1905. 
 Skc. 14. Filling Pipe. 
 
 The filling pipe shall be — 
 
 1. Made of two-inch or larger 
 
 wrought iron pipe, with — 
 II. Heavy cast iron fittings, and — 
 b. Screw joints made with litharge 
 and glycerine ; 
 
 2. Provided with screens of tliirty 
 
 mesh brass wire, 
 
 (1. One at or near the tank connec- 
 tion, and — 
 
 />. ( )ne just below the (illing cock 
 or vahe : 
 
 3. Closed at the intake by a filling 
 
 cock or \;il\e, the opening of 
 which shall he closed by a screw 
 cap w hen not in use ; 
 
 4. Connected with top (or with \alve 
 
 connecting therewith) and extend 
 down to the bottom of storage 
 tank ; 
 
 5. Laid at a uniform grade so that it 
 
 will drain empty in the tank; 
 
 6. Carried up and terminate with the 
 
 intake and filling cock or valve 
 in — 
 II. The pump house, or — 
 //. A metal box with a cover that is 
 flush with the surface of the 
 ground, is kept locked \\hen 
 not in use, and is more than 
 thirty feet from all buildings; 
 or — 
 
 7. Carried up and out of the building 
 
 and terminate in a covered box of 
 heavy iron sunken at the curb 
 Hush with the sidew.alk, kept 
 lockeil when not m use, and in 
 this case the shut-off \alve sliall 
 be provided with a coupling for 
 attaching the hose of a barrel- 
 wagon, and shall only be used 
 for receiving volatile intfamma- 
 ble liquid from barrel-wagons. 
 Apiuoved December 28, 1905.
 
 G.lNACIiS AND MOTOR BO. If HOUSES 
 
 Sec. is. I'umps. 
 
 Piinips for tli-livcrin;; Nolatilc in- 
 Haiiiniablf liquid sliall — 
 
 1. It within thirty feet of any biiihl- 
 
 ing, be locati'd in a fireproof 
 pump house ; 
 
 2. Have a shut-off vaho, \\ ith izrounil 
 
 key, on the nozzle ; 
 J,. Have a check valve between pump 
 ami nozzle; 
 
 4. Ila\e screw stuffing ho\ for pump 
 
 roil ; 
 
 5. Have stuffinjj box for pump rod 
 
 higher than outlet of pump. 
 Approved December 28, 1905. 
 Si;c. 16. Pump Holshs Shall Not 
 Be Plackd in Certain 
 Locations. 
 No pump house containing an in- 
 take, or filling cock, or valve for stor- 
 age tanks, shall be placed — 
 
 1. In a building more than one story 
 
 high ; 
 
 2. In a building that has a cellar or 
 
 basement ; 
 
 3. In the cellar or basement of any 
 
 building; 
 
 4. In an area between a building anil 
 
 a sidewalk ; 
 
 5. Under a sidewalk : or — 
 
 6. Within the stoop line. 
 Approved August 2, 1 906. 
 
 Sec. 17. Pump House. 
 
 The pump house shall have — 
 
 1. No greater capacitv than required 
 
 for— 
 II. Handling the volatile inflamma- 
 ble liquid, and — 
 b. Storing the safety cans; 
 
 2. A cement floor, and in case said 
 
 pump house contains an intake or 
 filling cock, or valve for storage 
 tanks, said floor must be at least 
 six inches lower than the door 
 sill, but not more than twelve 
 inches below the grade of the 
 ground where located ; 
 
 3. Hcavv galva!iized iron drip pans — 
 
 (I. ( )ne to be kept under nozzle of 
 pump, ami — 
 
 /'. If the pumji house contains an 
 intake or filling cock or \al\e 
 for storage tanks, one to cover 
 entire floor of pump house. 
 
 4. If within thirty feet of a build- 
 
 ing — 
 11. lirick walls at least twelve inches 
 
 thick, 
 //. A brick roof at least eight inches 
 
 thick covered with Portland 
 
 Cement mortar, and — 
 f. Either — 
 
 ( I ) An approxed brick \enti- 
 lating flue, or — 
 
 (2) An approved galvani/eil 
 iron ventilating pipe, 
 (!. No openings through the walls 
 
 or roof, except a doorwa\' 
 
 closed by an approved fire 
 
 door, but — 
 
 5. If not within thirty feet of any 
 
 biu'lding, a pimip house may be — 
 
 ti. Huilt of metal, 
 
 //. \ entilated by four metal louvred 
 openings twelve b>' twelve 
 inches, two at the floor and 
 two at the roof, on opposite 
 sides of the building. 
 
 Apprmeil August 2, 1906. 
 
 Sec. 18. Brick \'i;nti eating Flues. 
 A brick ventilating flue shall be 
 used where the pump house is located 
 inside another building and shall — - 
 
 1. Be biu'lt in the wall opposite the 
 
 door ; 
 
 2. Be lined with tile pipe, eight by 
 
 eight inches inside measure; 
 
 3. Extend from the floor up to and 
 
 through the roof of the pump 
 house to at least four feet higher 
 than the roof of the garage; 
 
 4. Be capped with an eight-inch or 
 
 larger, eighteen gauge galvanized 
 iron double goose neck, with 
 openings remote at least ten feet 
 
 116
 
 GARAGES AND MOTOR BOAT HOUSES 
 
 fruni windows of liighcr adjacent 
 buildings; 
 
 5. Have an opening — 
 
 (I. At tlie Hoor, six by eight inches, 
 
 b. At the ceiling, at least four by 
 
 six inches, 
 
 c. At each end of the double goose 
 
 neck the full size of the pipe; 
 and — 
 
 6. Have all openings protected by 
 
 wire brass screens not coarser 
 
 than one-eighth mesh. 
 Approved December 28, 1905. 
 Sec. 19. Vextil.'\tixg Pipe. 
 A ventilating pipe shall — 
 
 1. Be made of galvanized iron of not 
 
 less than eighteen gauge : 
 
 2. Be not less than eight inches in di- 
 
 ameter ; 
 
 3. Extend from three inches above the 
 
 floor up to and through the roof 
 of pump house to four feet higher 
 than roof of garage ; 
 
 4. Be capped by an eight-inch or 
 
 larger, eighteen gauge galvanized 
 iron double goose neck with open- 
 ings remote at least ten feet from 
 windows of higher adjacent 
 buildings ; 
 
 5. Have an opening — 
 
 a. Three inches above the floor, the 
 
 full size of pipe, 
 
 b. At the ceiling, at least four by 
 
 six inches, 
 
 c. At each end of the double goose 
 
 neck, the full size of pipe ; 
 and — 
 
 6. Have all openings protected by 
 
 wire brass screens not coarser 
 than one-eighth inch mesh. 
 Approved December 28, 1905. 
 
 Sec. 20. Pressure System. 
 
 Pressure systems for delivering vol- 
 atile inflammable liquid from storage 
 tanks shall — 
 
 I. Be so arranged that the gasoline 
 will return through pipes by 
 
 gravity to the storage tank when 
 system is drained ; 
 2. Be connected, in a manner that will 
 prevent the spilling of the vola- 
 tile inflammable liquid, to a 
 drawing-off cock or cocks situ- 
 ate — 
 
 (1. At a permanent filling station, 
 or — 
 
 b. In a pump house. 
 
 Approved December 28, 1905. 
 
 )EC. 21. Filling Statiox. 
 
 Filling stations shall be located at 
 least twenty feet distant from the en- 
 trance to the garage, shall have a tight, 
 unpierced cement or other approved 
 fireproof floor, graded to a centre, and 
 unconnected w-ith the sewer or drain- 
 age system of the building. The floor 
 shall be kept free from volatile inflam- 
 mable liquid by sponging or swabbing. 
 The room shall be kept free of inflam- 
 mable vapors, either by natural or by 
 forced ventilation. 
 
 Approved July 20, 1906. 
 !ec. 22. FiRE^ Lights, etc. 
 
 No stove, forge, torch, boiler or 
 other furnace, flame, fire, or fire heat, 
 no electric dynamo, motor, hoist, or 
 other exterior sparking electric appli- 
 ance, and no artificial light (except 
 the incandescent electric light) shall 
 be used or allowed — 
 
 1 . In a garage, or — 
 
 2. In any portion of the building on 
 
 or below the topmost floor of the 
 garage that is not — 
 (t. Provided with an entrance on the 
 outside of the building, and — 
 b. Separated from the garage by 
 unpierced, approved fire-walls 
 and floors. 
 Pro\idcd, however, that upon ap- 
 plication being made the Fire Com- 
 missioner may, in his discretion, mod- 
 ify the provisions of the section rela- 
 tive to electric motors and electric 
 
 117
 
 GARAGES .IXn MOTOR BOAT HOUSES 
 
 switches in any tircpioof building al- 
 ready erected or that may be iiereafter 
 erected. 
 
 Approved July 2, 1907. 
 
 Sec. 23. Fire and Lights on Alto- 
 
 MOBILES. 
 
 All tire and lights on an automo- 
 bile, or under the boiler of an automo- 
 bile shall be extinguished before bring- 
 ing the same into a garage, and shall 
 not be lit while the same is in the gar- 
 age. 
 
 Approved December 28, 1905. 
 
 Sec. 24. Movable Electric Lights 
 Axi) Switches. 
 ^lovable incandescent electric lights 
 in a garage shall be fitted with keyless 
 sockets ; all electric switches and plugs 
 shall be permanently located at least 
 four feet above the floor. 
 Approved December 28, 1905. 
 Sec. 25. Smokixg Prohibited. 
 
 Smoking is absolutely prohibited by 
 the Fire Commissioner in any room 
 or place in which a volatile inflamma- 
 ble liquid is kept, or in any room or 
 hall opening into such room or place. 
 A notice in large letters "xo smok- 
 ing" shall be displayed in a conspicu- 
 ous place and manner on all floors and 
 at all entrances to the garage, and in 
 all rooms and halls opening into the 
 room or place in which a volatile in- 
 flammable liquid is kept or in which 
 an automobile carrying a volatile in- 
 flammable liquid is kept. 
 Approved July 20, 1906. 
 Sec. 26. Haxdlixg and Use of 
 Vol.atile Inflammable 
 Liquids. 
 No volatile inflammable liquid shall 
 be— 
 
 1. Used in a garage for cleaning or 
 
 for any other purpose whatso- 
 ever other than filling the tanks 
 of automobiles; 
 
 2. Allowed to run upon the floor or 
 
 U'l fall or pass into the drainage 
 system of the garage ; 
 
 3. Put into or removed from the tank 
 
 of an automobile while any light 
 or fire on the same is burning; 
 
 4. Carried or kept in open vessels. 
 
 5. All volatile inflammable liquids 
 
 and oils recovered from the oil 
 traps, or by swabbing or spong- 
 ing up spilled liquid shall be 
 placed in an approved safety can 
 of not over five gallons capacity. 
 And all quantities in excess of 
 five gallons shall be returned to 
 the underground storage tank or 
 removed from the premises forth- 
 with. 
 Approved July 20, 1906. 
 Sec. 27. Sand Shall Be Kept ox 
 the Premises. 
 Sand shall be kept — 
 
 1. In approved fire buckets, for fire- 
 
 extinguishing purposes only; 
 
 2. In convenient receptacles, for use 
 
 in absorbing waste oil on floors ; 
 
 3. In bed or metal drip pans under 
 
 each automobile kept on floors 
 that are not fireproof. 
 Approved December 28, 1905. 
 Sec. 28. Waste Cans. 
 
 Self-closing metal cans set firmly on 
 four inch legs shall be kept on all 
 floors for the purpose of holding all 
 inflammable waste material. 
 Approved December 28, 1905. 
 Sec. 29. Calcium Carbide. 
 
 Calcium carbide shall be in air- 
 tight metal packages, which packages 
 shall be kept at least six inches above 
 the floor in a water-tight container 
 provided with a securely fastened 
 cover. 
 
 Approved December 28, 1905- 
 Sec. 30. Weekly Reports of De- 
 liveries OF Volatile In- 
 flammable Liquid Re- 
 quired. 
 Everv licensed vendor of volatile In- 
 
 118
 
 GARAGES AND MOTOR BOAT HOUSES 
 
 flammable by-pruilucts of pi'troltum 
 shall render to the Fire Commissioner 
 each week a statement, verified as to its 
 correctness by an affidavit, covering 
 deliveries for the week to points with- 
 in the city. The report shall include 
 all deliveries of such liquid in quanti- 
 ties of five gallons or more ; and shall 
 be in detail as follows: 
 (rt) Date of delivery ; 
 
 (b) Name of buyer; 
 
 (c) Point of delivery; 
 
 (ti) Number of gallons, name, and 
 graxity of liquid. 
 
 Such statement shall be on form 
 provided by the Fire Commissioner, 
 and must be delivered by mail or mes- 
 senger not later than the second busi- 
 ness day in each week. 
 
 Approved December 28, 1905. 
 
 Si;c. 31. 
 
 It is hereby provided that the Fire 
 Commissioner, in his discretion, may 
 excuse any garage now constructed 
 from a literal compliance with these 
 rules. 
 
 Approved July 27, igo6. 
 Sec. 32. 
 
 For private garages, where no in- 
 flammable liquid is kept other than 
 in the tanks of automobiles, and where 
 the fuel tanks of the automobiles are 
 neither opened, emptied nor filled on 
 the premises, the Fire Commissioner 
 may, in his discretion, issue permits 
 limited to such keeping of automobiles, 
 subject to such reciuirements as he 
 may deem fit. 
 
 Approved February 7, 1907. 
 
 G.\R.'\GE FOR MR. ALEXANDER PANT.\GES, SE.ATTLE, WASH. 
 
 Wilson & Loveless, Arcliitects 
 
 119
 
 GARAGES AND MOTOR BOAT HOUSES 
 
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 UNIV. OF CALIF. LIBRARY, LOS ANGELtb
 
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