UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA 
 AT LOS ANGELES
 
 UNIVERSITY of CALIFORNIA 
 
 AT 
 LOS ANGELES
 
 THE KING OF ROME
 
 fuk^ 
 
 iyt^Cry y^^y'^2^
 
 THE 
 KING OF ROME 
 
 A BIOGRAPHY 
 
 BY 
 VICTOR von KUBINYI 
 
 ^be Itnfcherbocher press 
 
 NEW YORK 
 
 1907 
 
 ■i ' r r '-
 
 Copyright, 1907 
 
 BY 
 
 VICTOR VON KUBINYI
 
 ^ 
 
 To 
 
 MADAME CAROLINE LE ROY BONAPARTE 
 
 This little work is most respectfully dedicated
 
 <i7 
 
 Napoleon I.
 
 MOTTO : "Genius, is the talent for seeing things straight. — It 
 is seeing things in a straight line without any bend 
 or break of aberration, seeing them as they are, 
 without any warping of vision. Flawless mental 
 sight I That is genius 1 " 
 
 (M. A.)
 
 preface 
 
 HUS far no one had ever doubted him, 
 because it was impossible to do so 
 with justice: Napoleon I., in the 
 modern age, is as yet the greatest general. 
 Whether the famous General will have a suc- 
 cessor as great as he, can be told only by Him, 
 in whose hands our future lies. That Napo- 
 leon, through history, rightly called "The 
 Great," will ever have a counterpart, is the 
 secret of the future. 
 
 Would we think Napoleon greater, had he 
 not put the crown upon his own head, is a 
 question upon which disputants, according to 
 their greater or lesser shortsightedness, will 
 hereafter argue many times. 
 
 If we judge history's greatest men, not by 
 their actions, but by what they have accom- 
 plished through their success — if we attempt 
 
 vii
 
 viii preface 
 
 to find results — then, all who wish to be im- 
 partial, must realize that Napoleon Bona- 
 parte set such an example that not malice nor 
 slander can work him harm, and only time can 
 do him justice. 
 
 As the unlucky King Louis XVI. — ^he w^ho 
 was worthy of a better fate — was beheaded, the 
 deserted French Nation fell into the depths of 
 misery, — nay, not fell, but plunged. Insulted, 
 not only in their human, but also in their 
 moral rights, and at times even cheated out 
 of these, the now completely deprived French 
 Nation, moved by desperation long pent up, 
 rebelled, and in self-defence overthrew the 
 Bourbons, and their centuries-existing throne 
 of stolen power, determined at last to manage 
 their own fate. A crisis such as has no equal 
 in the history of nations, followed. The blood 
 filled nation (the people make the nation), 
 came to a perfect whirlpool, — a whirlpool that 
 ruined and devoured everything. A few steps 
 more and the " Grande Nation " with all its 
 glorious past, would have ceased to exist.
 
 preface ix 
 
 If a people, deprived by continuous rob- 
 bery of its rights, once shakes off the weight 
 of the despised throne and gets the reins of 
 government in its own hands, the nation's posi- 
 tion is harder and more dangerous than it was 
 before. No end of care and peaceful consid- 
 eration of affairs must be given, if speedily 
 she does not want to see her end. 
 
 With the French Nation the danger was 
 great and near. 
 
 Would the uncontrolled subjects gain 
 control? 
 
 Was not the indignation of the people just? 
 
 Yes, it was, now more than ever before. 
 
 If the individual needs in his daily course 
 calm and peaceful judgment, how much more 
 the Nation, when its future depends on it so 
 much. What would have been the future of 
 the once glorious France? What would the 
 country itself have been, if the leaders of the 
 hated government had managed it longer? 
 To-day we would sorrowfully say : " France 
 was."
 
 X preface 
 
 Some one there must be who has not 
 mingled in the past of bloody actions, — some 
 neutral man who can save the country from 
 destruction. But where is the man? 
 
 Who will undertake it and crown the effort 
 with success? 
 
 Let us pause here. 
 
 We could not tell in one breadth all that had 
 happened from the time King Louis XVI. 
 was dethroned, till Napoleon ascended the new 
 imperial throne. Pause, and let each one an- 
 swer this question, Who placed France in this 
 jDOsition? for himself (but only those who 
 know history) ; and, Who gave the French 
 Nation to herself? 
 
 I am far from flattering Napoleon. Flat- 
 tery is insipid, and flattery is not necessary 
 to one as great as Napoleon. Each of his acts 
 gives us so many great and extraordinary 
 facts, that no matter who reads or hears them, 
 he must at least think them over. 
 
 In my little task, I am speaking strictly ac- 
 cording to the pages of History, and only the
 
 preface xi 
 
 facts of History lead me to call Napoleon's 
 son " King of Rome." 
 
 Am I not right? 
 
 Napoleon himself gave his son this title, and 
 he gave it by virtue of acquired right and 
 power. Whoever — and there are some — 
 wishes to hesitate over it, should not forget 
 that the first French Emperor was despoiled 
 of his right, but the mantle of his might was not 
 worn by any other shoulders. Allow, instead 
 of the foregoing arguments, at least as much 
 as the settlement of historical names, even 
 those who depend largely on the fragments 
 of History must admit that the son of Louis 
 XVI. had not the least chance of becoming 
 King of France, Louis XVII. If any one 
 should answer to this, that the dynasty of 
 Bourbons had not ceased, and that therefore 
 poor Capet's son was " in evidence," as Louis 
 XVII. — we say, neither did Bonaparte's end. 
 And if we want to be truthful, we will not 
 call Great Napoleon's son King of Rome, but 
 simply Napoleon II.
 
 xii preface 
 
 On Berezina's frozen mirror of broken 
 glory there still remains one streak of light, 
 by which we recognize that, behind the " King 
 of Rome," the descendant is the son of Na- 
 poleon I., or if you like it better, of the Great 
 Hero.
 
 miusttations 
 
 Victor von Kubinyi , . Mrontispiece 
 
 Napoleon I. 
 
 Napoleon I. at the Battle at Friedland 
 
 The Cradle of the King of Rome 
 
 Empress Marie Louise with the King of Rome 
 
 Empress Marie Louise .... 
 
 "The Prince of Parma" .... 
 
 The Duke of Rbichstadt as Austrian Cor 
 poral 
 
 Napoleon II. as Austrian Colonel 
 
 Miss Maude Adams as Duke of Reichstadt in 
 Rostand's "L'Aiglon" 
 
 Napoleon II. on his Bier 
 
 "Madame Mere" — Letizia di Ramolino . 
 
 Young Napoleon's Grandmother. 
 
 Hon. Charles J. Bonaparte 
 
 Attorney-General of the United States 
 xiii 
 
 IV 
 
 viii 
 
 2 
 
 6 
 
 10 
 
 20 
 
 26 
 36 
 
 46 
 
 58 
 90 
 
 92
 
 xiv miustratione 
 
 PAGE 
 
 His Imperial Highness Peincb Napoleon 91: 
 Victor 
 
 H. I. M. The Empress Eugenie ... 98 
 
 His Imperial and Royal Majesty, Franz 
 
 Josef 1 100 
 
 Emperor of Austria, King of Hungary 
 
 President Madison 108
 
 THE KING OF ROME
 
 Zhc Ikino of IRome 
 
 ^71^] 
 
 HE 20th of March, 1811, was a hard 
 day for Napoleon, the great Em- 
 peror of France. The arrival of the 
 anxiously expected Crown Prince was dan- 
 gerous for the Empress, Marie Louise. 
 
 So many anxieties made the Emperor tired 
 and sick. The great hero, who had faced so 
 many times all the dangers of war without any 
 fear — trembled. 
 
 Can you imagine a Napoleon trembhng? 
 
 He became alarmed. He really trembled, 
 but not for his crown; he trembled for his well- 
 beloved wife, and for his anxiously expected 
 child. He became nervous. He was like a 
 child, seeing some "ghost." To cahn his 
 fears, he took a warm bath. And when Du- 
 bois, the physician-in-chief of the Imperial 
 House entered his bath-room, the hero lost his 
 breath.
 
 2 Zbc Mm ot IRome 
 
 Dubois came to ask the Emperor what he 
 should do, being unable to help the Empress 
 without some very dangerous undertaking. 
 Napoleon, making a strong effort to calm 
 himself and growing pale, answered the 
 physician: 
 
 " Well, Dubois, what would you do in such 
 a case if you w^re called by some citizen's 
 wife?" 
 
 " Imperial Majesty," answered Dubois stut- 
 tering, " I would use my instruments." 
 
 *' I see," replied Napoleon. *' Now, Du- 
 bois, I will tell you what has to be done. You 
 have to forget you are in the Imperial Palace, 
 and you have to do the best you can, as you 
 would do in some merchant's house. Take 
 care of both, and if you cannot keep both 
 alive, save me the mother." 
 
 Napoleon, dressing himself in a hurry, hast- 
 ened to see his wife. He would help her in 
 such a dangerous situation, but seeing he 
 could be of no help, trembling again at the 
 sight of his wife's sufferings, he was forced by 
 Dubois to leave the room. Behind the next 
 door he awaited with palpitating heart what 
 would happen.
 
 The Cradle of the Kin(; ov Rome 
 
 (Made by Odiot aiul Thoniire) 
 
 Imperial Family Treasure, Vienna
 
 Zhc Iking of IRome 3 
 
 After a few moments of fear, such as he 
 never knew before, Constant, his intimate 
 valet came, looking like the happiest one on 
 earth. 
 
 " In deepest reverence I most humbly beg 
 to announce to Your Imperial Majesty the 
 happ}'- arrival of His Imperial Highness the 
 Crown Prince of France." 
 
 " May God bless you. Constant,'* rephed 
 the Emperor. 
 
 Then he hastily ran to see his son, crying 
 delightedly : " My guards, and a hundred-one 
 gun shots! '* 
 
 Returning from his son's cradle, he smil- 
 ingly spoke to the dignitaries gathered to- 
 gether in the ante-chamber. 
 
 " Gentlemen," he said, " Napoleon II. is 
 arrived. We have a nice and strong boy! 
 But he kept us waiting for such a long time. 
 jNIy poor wife ! She had to suffer very much ! 
 For such a high price I do not wish any more 
 children." 
 
 March 23, 1811, eleven o'clock in the fore- 
 noon, a fast running mail-coach passed the 
 frontiers of Vienna, the capital of the Aus-
 
 4 ZTbc Mm of IRonic 
 
 trian Empire, and did not stoj) before arriv- 
 ing at the door of the French Embassy. A 
 young officer hastily left the coach, and wear- 
 ing a solemn demeanor asked the officer at the 
 door at once for the Ambassador. It was 
 Captain De Robelau, who, coming by Napo- 
 leon's special command from Strassburg, 
 brought the Ambassador, Count Otto, the 
 news of little Napoleon's fortunate birth. 
 And, while the Captain walked up-stairs to 
 see the Count, his companion, a French 
 grenadier, being unable to withstand the 
 portress's questions, betrayed the great secret. 
 The good old woman ran out to the street 
 and being all out of breath, she cried: 
 
 "Archduchess Marie Louise has a lovely 
 boy! Oh my! What a great joy for our 
 good Emperor! " 
 
 Little Napoleon's birth was shortly known 
 in the whole of Vienna, and raised much joy. 
 The cordial Austrians, first thinking of Na- 
 poleon as a formidable " sansculotte " later, 
 after they have seen him, took to him at once 
 with great affection, and now, being their 
 Emperor's son-in-law, gave him genuine es- 
 teem, as a Prince of Habsburg.
 
 ^bc IkiuG of IRomc 5 
 
 Only a certain party of the Austrian peer- 
 age kept a frosty neutrality. Among this 
 circle, moved round the strangest rumours 
 about Napoleon, and they beUeved all these 
 uncontrolled tittle-tattles, which were spread, 
 so it is alleged, by one of the " would-be truth- 
 ful secretaries " of the Austrian Embassy at 
 Paris. These aristocrats took no care to find 
 out from what sources these stupid stories 
 came, but on the contrary, they kept on with 
 characteristic greediness on every occasion, to 
 blame the " parvenu," being unable to under- 
 stand how Napoleon, the former captain, 
 could become the most powerful Sovereign of 
 Europe, having no . . . Royal ancestors. 
 They did believe it, — they even ambitiously 
 spread stories about Napoleon's terrible 
 cruelty towards his wife, the full-blooded 
 Habsburgian Princess Marie Louise. (I 
 think that was the genuine " Stolen Story," 
 but later we can see which of them was a 
 "tyrant," the parvenu, or the Princess?) 
 
 Francis II., the Austrian Emperor, and 
 little Napoleon's grandfather, took an occa- 
 sion to celebrate his "well-beloved" grand- 
 child's birth, giving one of the most splendid
 
 6 Z\)c Iking of IRome 
 
 receptions, which, many centuries ago, dazzled 
 all those, who were worthy to receive a call to 
 Vienna's Imperial Palace. Such a reception 
 was, and now really is a royal entertainment, 
 which reminds one of the centurian glory of 
 the Habsburgs, — but the above reception was 
 badly disfigured by a clumsy " wit snapping " 
 of one adulator. During this splendid festiv- 
 ity, a " Gentleman " made the following char- 
 acteristic remark : " Well, it may be a few 
 years later, that this King of Rome will call 
 here as a beggar-student." 
 
 And this dull headed prophecy, alas, was 
 realized to the aforesaid " Gentleman's " and 
 his companions' great satisfaction. 
 
 At Paris, the joy was sincere. There no- 
 body cared for such " ingenious " remarks. 
 The French Nation showed a genuine enthusi- 
 asm, upon which Archduke Ferdinand, con- 
 gratulating Napoleon in his father-in-law's 
 name, said in his letter sent to Vienna (March 
 29, 1811) : " It is really impossible to give an 
 adequate description of the sincere and 
 fervent gladness of the whole of France. I 
 never before have seen such enthusiasm which 
 baffles all imagination."
 
 Emprkss Marie Louise with the King oe Rome
 
 Zbc IkiiiG of IRomc 7 
 
 May 21, 1814, at seven o'clock in the even- 
 ing, a coach of the Austrian Imperial stables 
 stopped at the main door of Schoenbrunn, the 
 summer residence of the Austrian Emperors, 
 and ten minutes later, another one came. The 
 first one brought Marie Louise, the " Prin- 
 cess of Parma." When the second coach 
 stopped, Duke Trauttmannsdorff, the Imper- 
 ial marshal took out of the same with great 
 care a " package," and handed it to Gen. 
 Count Kinsk}^, the Emperor's acting cham- 
 berlain. Kinsky hastened up-stairs carrying 
 the package very carefully: he had brought 
 the King of Rome! — and he had hard work to 
 arrive at the drawing-room, where the whole 
 Imperial Court gathered to meet the Ex-Em- 
 press of France, and her son. All the ladies 
 of the Austrian aristocracy were waiting for 
 the arrival of their Emperor's grandchild, 
 and would kiss the httle dethroned Majesty's 
 hand, and poor Kinsky could do nothing 
 against these " attempts." 
 
 The beggar student arrived! 
 
 Eut he was received very cordially. The 
 police commissioner of Vienna saj^s in his re- 
 port (^lay 21st) : "An innumerate crowd of
 
 8 ZTbc mm of IRome 
 
 people awaiting Napoleon's son cried inces- 
 santly, ' Hurrah for the Prince of Parma ' I " 
 
 As though the people knew how this baby; 
 needed love! 
 
 It is important and characteristic to hear 
 Hudelist, the Austrian Senator speaking 
 about this memorable event. He says : " A 
 big crowd of people jammed together await- 
 ing the guests, and acclaimed Marie Louise 
 and her son with enthusiastic shouts of joy. 
 The people enjoyed the ex-Empress's friendly 
 manner in rejoining all the greetings, but 
 they liked most the little Prince of Parma. 
 They became crazy about the pretty looking 
 baby. Really, everybody thought the Prince, 
 I do not know why, an ailing nasty child, and 
 therefore all were pleasantly surprised about 
 the pretty little Prince. Everybody was in a 
 hurry to see him." 
 
 Duke Metternich, the " all-mighty " Aus- 
 trian Chancellor, did not feel joyful about the 
 arrival of his lately powerful enemy's son. 
 He even took alarm at the people's enthusi- 
 asm. He thought to do his duty, to avoid the 
 popularity of the innocent baby. The next 
 day, ^lay 22d, he did not allow any more of
 
 Zhc Iking of IRoinc 9 
 
 the people to enter the Schoenbrunn park, and 
 from this time he did all he could to remove 
 from ]\larie Louise and her son all memory, 
 and even all thoughts, of their recent glory 
 and power.
 
 II 
 
 APOLEON'S wife was forced to re- 
 sign her title " Ex-Empress," as it 
 was claimed " on account of the 
 Habshurg f amity's international position." 
 It is, realh^ hard to understand this in- 
 justice, which never had hitherto a likeness. 
 And it is again hard to understand, be- 
 ing the Austrian Emperor Marie Louise's 
 father. 
 
 Have you ever heard of an Austrian Arch- 
 duchess robbed of her titles by the Emperor, 
 and that man, her father ? 
 
 She had to be satisfied with the follow- 
 ing titles : " INIarie Louise Archduchess of 
 Austria, Princess of Parma, Piacenza, and 
 Guastalla." 
 
 And why? 
 
 Perhaps to allow her really these titles? 
 
 Perhaps to give her some compensation for 
 the lost power and glory? 
 
 Xot at all, but only to fool her!
 
 Empress Marie Louise 
 
 (Pinx.: Cierard) 
 
 Property of the Countess Fraiicisca Bombelles (Pressburg, Hungary)
 
 ^be 1klno of IRome n 
 
 And later, when she went to Parma to take 
 possession of her Princedom, she arrived there 
 as genuine Princess of this land, and now, she 
 really thought to hecome what she was called. 
 She could not take the famous portrait with 
 her, made hy Gerard, because it represented 
 her as Empress of France. Her father kept 
 this portrait for the Imperial Gallery, and 
 promised her another one, as he said, " more 
 in keeping to her new position," — but he 
 never kept his promise! 
 
 And her son? 
 
 First, he was despoiled of his title given 
 him by his father; then he became Crown 
 Prince of Parma, — but only to be despoiled 
 soon again. At last he became *' by his 
 grandfather's special grace," Duke of Reich- 
 stadt, to be fooled again! 
 
 "Reichstadt!" 
 
 Metternich worried himself very much about 
 little Napoleon's "political position." He 
 Avas ever anxiously looking out for the Im- 
 perial House's " interest." He did not like the 
 little boy, and he, the powerful chancellor, was 
 afraid of the baby. When Emperor Francis 
 would appoint his grandchild "Duke of
 
 12 Zbc Mm of IRomc 
 
 Babenberg," he at once was ready to avoid 
 this " great danger." Napoleon's son, he 
 said, cannot become Duke of such a historical 
 title of Ilabsburgian ancestors, — he thought 
 it to be impossible to make the " Prince " equal 
 to the genuine Habsburgian Princes. 
 
 " If the Prince were to become Duke of 
 Babenberg," he wrote to Count Neipperg, 
 March 24, 1818, " the glory of the former 
 Austrian Sovereigns would be resuscitated in 
 his person, and this circumstance is more than 
 enough to protest against His Majesty's giv- 
 ing such a dangerous decision." 
 
 The chancellor, by these few words, makes 
 the proposition to denominate the ex-Emper- 
 or's son " Duke of Bustiechrad." But ]\larie 
 Louise at once exclaimed against such a 
 " funny " proposal. " Do not forget," she 
 writes to Metternich, JNIarch 18, " nobody 
 could pronounce this title. However, my 
 dear ( ?) Duke, I am calmed; you will justify, 
 as you have so often, my trust in yourself." 
 
 Who could understand these words, and 
 who could read them mthout being much 
 surprised? 
 
 It is surprising to see the Austrian Em-
 
 ^be Iking of IRome 13 
 
 peror's daughter flattering her father's " ohe- 
 dieiit servant," — and it is hard to under- 
 stand how she could forget that she v/as 
 Napoleon's wife, — how she could forget Na- 
 poleon's son to be her own child, — how the 
 mother could confide her son's future to the 
 care of her husband's implacable enemy? 
 
 Emperor Francis gave a hearing to his 
 daughter's request, and he says : " Regarding 
 your son's title, I find Reichstadt to be the 
 most convenient." But, at the same time, he 
 gave to Metternich the following instructions: 
 " I would like to denominate my grandchild 
 Duke of Reichstadt, and if you do not see any 
 obstacles in it, you will make the adequate 
 arrangements." 
 
 Reichstadt was one of the most productive 
 properties belonging to the Austrian Imperial 
 family, — but what kind of " obstacles " would 
 the Emperor avoid, if not liis fear to make his 
 Chancellor angry? 
 
 Napoleon's son became by the Austrian 
 Emperor's " special grace," and that was 
 especially accentuated, Duke of Reichstadt, 
 but he never could take possession of " his " 
 (?) rich manor!
 
 14 ^l)c KwQ ot IRonie 
 
 And JNIarie Louise hastened to give her 
 thanks for this common jugglery. 
 
 "^ / never would see my son on the throne/' 
 she wrote to her father April 17, " but it 
 seemed to be my holy, motherly duty, secur- 
 ing my son's future. You, my dear father, 
 did calm my anxious heart. Now I am 
 satisfied." 
 
 She is satisfied I 
 
 She is satisfied to see her son despoiled in 
 such a common way. 
 
 She is satisfied to have forgotten to be the 
 ex-Empress, — to be the Austrian Emperor's 
 daughter, — even, to be mother ! And she is 
 audacious enough, to talk about her " holy, 
 motherly duty," even at that moment she 
 proves to have no idea of a mother's duty. 
 
 The King of Rome was despoiled of his 
 title, — he became " by special grace " Prince 
 of an unassuming Austrian title, — and his 
 grandfather did not treat him like one of the 
 m^embers of his family. Giving him the 
 Reichstadt title he at the same time declares, 
 " to avoid any political misunderstanding," — 
 that he is not equal ^^^th the other family 
 members. Even, for the convenient rank of
 
 Z]K Mm of IRome 15 
 
 Highness, he gave him the lower rank of 
 Right Honorable ... all these things are 
 done to show disrespect to Napoleon. 
 
 Is it justice to punish the son for his father's 
 " crimes "? 
 
 Such a cruel treatment of an innocent child, 
 however, is not all Metternich's fault. Em- 
 peror Francis, who speaks so often of his 
 *' love " for his grandchild, should not be so 
 jn'elding towards his Chancellor. And Marie 
 Louise? She has forgotten to be mother. 
 She should not acquiesce in Metternich's at- 
 tempts. She was the only one who could do 
 something for her son . . . and she did no- 
 thing at all! Even, she sacrificed her child's 
 future to save her own idle interest. She did 
 not know the motto of her mother-in-law, 
 Leticia, who said : " The unhappiest one of my 
 children is the one I love most." 
 
 JVIetternich tells us frankly what he will do 
 about Napoleon II. : " The education of the 
 Prince," he says to Neipperg, July 26, 1817, 
 " has to lie exclusively in our hands. He has 
 to be educated in a thoroughly cleared-up 
 spirit, and we have anxiously, and most care- 
 fully to keep away from him all the danger-
 
 i6 Zbc Iking of IRomc 
 
 ous temptations which menace him even on 
 account of his high descent." 
 
 Who could understand these words? 
 
 It may be, if JMetternich thought his letter 
 would ever be read, even not in his favor, a 
 hundred years later, he would have written it 
 in a more " cleared-up spirit." He was 
 frightened, not at all for the Prince's fu- 
 ture, but, on the contrary, for himself. He 
 thought he would loose his position if he did 
 not do everything against Napoleon's child. 
 If he had his own way, he would cut the name 
 of Napoleon from the pages of History. 
 Perhaps he thought to save in that way the 
 Habsburgian political interests? 
 
 The powerful Chancellor fears the baby, — 
 oh, what a hero! And Francis II., when he 
 entrusted Gen. Count Hartmann to lead 
 his grandchild's education, approved Metter- 
 nich's opinion. " The Prince," he says, *' be- 
 ing now legally (?) separated from his native 
 country, is not a Frenchman any more. To 
 give him an adequate (?) compensation, I 
 have made him the first of my subjects, with 
 the rank immediately after (!!!) the members 
 of my family. Herewith I have stated defi-
 
 Zhc IkiuG of IRonie 17 
 
 nitely the mutual relation between him, and 
 my family, and also my people. I trust in his 
 noble minding, and his correctness to never 
 abuse such a high (?) position as I have 
 given him." It is, you can see, Metter- 
 nich again, showing his anxious " w isdom," 
 having not much care of the grandfather's 
 remorse. 
 
 Napoleon's son was christened *' Napo- 
 leon," — now he became, — perhaps by the Em- 
 peror's special grace (?) — "Franz." And 
 so on, JNIetternich took every occasion to turn 
 the Great French Emperor's son into an un- 
 assuming Austrian Prince. 
 
 On account of his " anxiety " it was for 
 Metternich a hard thing to find the convenient 
 teacher for " Franz," one whom he could 
 trust. For months he was looking out for the 
 convenient one, then, at last, he thought to 
 have found " his man." By the reiterated re- 
 commendations of Baron Hager, one of the 
 most intimate aristocrats at the Vienna Im- 
 perial Court, June 26, 1815, he proposed to 
 Emperor Francis to appoint Count JNIaurice 
 Dietrichstein for his grandchild's tutor. 
 
 JMontbel and some other biographers of
 
 i8 Zhc IkiuG of IRoinc 
 
 Napoleon II. are wrong saying, Dietrichstein 
 Avas appointed by Marie Louise's special re- 
 quest. The mother did not care about her 
 son's education, and she was not asked at all 
 about that matter. She proves it herself 
 writing from Baden near Vienna, where she 
 was living, Jul}^ 7, 1815, to her father as 
 follows : " Yesterday I saw my boy. He 
 sends his respects, and does very well. Count 
 Dietrichstein was introduced to me, and I like 
 to see him there once more on account of the 
 circumstance, j^ou, dear father, have ap- 
 pointed him only temporarily, till I can take 
 my boy with me to Italy, or till I can choose 
 for him another tutor, because I do not 
 think the Count to be the proper one for 
 the purpose, however, he may be a correct 
 gentleman." 
 
 Six months later the same jNIarie Louise, 
 the same " anxious " mother shows how she 
 fears Metternich, and how she stays under 
 the influence of . . . Neipperg. She says: 
 " Now, knowing better Count Dietrichstein, 
 I am very well satisfied with his appointment, 
 and I shall praise his zealous j)ainstaking about 
 my son's education."
 
 ZTbe Iking of IRomc 19 
 
 JMontbel says, the first time she did not 
 know Dietrichstein, and later she changed her 
 mind. Nonsense! If a mother takes some 
 care of her son's future, then she has to know 
 her son's tutor a long time in advance. That 
 was not the right way to show how anxious 
 she is to do her " holy, motherly duty."
 
 Ill 
 
 nS far as we can see, Marie Louise 
 acquiesced in the appointment of 
 Count Dietrichstein, as her son's tu- 
 tor exclusively on account of her cowardice. 
 
 The King of Rome, following his childish 
 instinct, did not like his tutor at all. He was 
 afraid of him, and when Countess Scarampi, 
 the acting Court Lady, called him in the draw- 
 ing-room to introduce to him the Count, he 
 would not follow her, and said: " I will not go, 
 till the chamberlain is there." 
 
 Countess Scarampi had hard work to per- 
 suade her obstinate pupil, and when, at last, 
 " Franz " timidly entered the drawing-room, 
 he soon regained his courage, and eyed the 
 Count from head to foot with a look of 
 mistrust. 
 
 Dietrichstein, being surprised at his pupil's 
 demeanor, imputed his unfavorable recep- 
 tion to the " dangerous " influence of the 
 French ladies attached to *' Franz." " I see," 
 
 20
 
 "TiiK Prince OF Parma" 
 
 (Water-color Painting by Isabey 1S15) 
 
 In the Sleeping-room of His Majesty Francis Joseph I.
 
 Zhc IRlng of IRome 21 
 
 lie says to Neuberg, one of the most influential 
 ImxDerial Counsellors, " I have a hard prob- 
 lem before me [it is: to turn Napoleon's 
 son into an Austrian Prince!] principally, as 
 long as these French women are about the 
 Prince." And his diary, July 1, 1815, has 
 the following remark: "Father Landi [the 
 Prince's future teacher in Italian language] 
 found me in my room w^eeping. I have to 
 suffer so many disagreeable things, and I see 
 I can succeed only, if I keep from him other 
 influences. These women do not like me, and 
 it seems to me they are afraid I will impede 
 their progress. They zealously estrange him 
 from me, therefore, I cannot wonder at his 
 mistrust." 
 
 These words are characteristic of Dietrich- 
 stein. Why does he fear these French ladies, 
 being without power and having only the 
 boy's personal sympathy? If he would only, 
 and really make Napoleon's son an educated 
 gentleman, then, he could have no reason for 
 his fear, but, on the contrary, they could help 
 him much in that purpose. But he did not 
 care so much for his pupil's education, — his 
 fii-st duty was to estrange " Franz " from
 
 22 z\K Ikiiuj of IRome 
 
 France, even from his father, ^hich the French 
 ladies easily found out; therefore, no wonder 
 they did not kiss him with joy, he, who, cor- 
 rect gentleman though he he, came to estrange 
 Napoleon's amiahle son from all the glori- 
 ous past to which they clung with sincere 
 enthusiasm. 
 
 It is an undoubted fact, Dietrichstein was 
 obliged to estrange his pupil from his native 
 country, and to do it by all means. Whether 
 Emperor Francis himself gave him the direc- 
 tions and commands, or whether he only ap- 
 proved Metternich's proposals, does not make 
 much difference. 
 
 A few weeks later, Dietrichstein, with his 
 smoothness, won " Franz's " sympathy, but 
 sympathy soon became obedience, when little 
 Napoleon saw his tutor's smoothness was not 
 sincere. Then, he, Dietrichstein, never could 
 really gain his pupil's heart. 
 
 No wonder! 
 
 Even the contrary could not surprise, if we 
 take into consideration, that Franz, with his 
 sharp-sightedness inherited from his father, 
 soon found out Dietrichstein to be not only 
 his tutor, but Metternich's political agent.
 
 Zbc Ikiiuj of IRomc 23 
 
 Therefore, he has to be praised. He never 
 manifested his discontent to the Count even 
 when his will was most oppressed. 
 
 Being only a short time in his employ, Die- 
 trichstein frankly hopes for an entire success. 
 Really, it would not be hard for him to suc- 
 ceed, having plain instruction on all particu- 
 lars. But, to surpass all expectations in his 
 charge, — and that was his greatest wish, — he 
 was looking out for a fellow-laborer. Upon 
 his reiterated requests, September 6th, Cap- 
 tain Foresti was attached to him. And to 
 tell the truth, it is remarkable Foresti was ap- 
 pointed with Marie Louise's knowledge, even 
 at her request. 
 
 " Words will be inadequate," she writes to 
 her father, " to express my gratitude for your 
 kindness, dear father; j^ou have appointed 
 Captain Foresti, whom, after all I heard of 
 him, I hope to be the most proper one, to 
 secure my boy's education. Now, I can leave 
 Franz calmed, I see him under such excellent 
 influences." 
 
 All right. Marie Louise appears now like 
 a mother, showing much interest in her son's 
 future. But that is all! She has, really, no
 
 24 ^be frtinG of llvonic 
 
 care for the indispensable immediate influence 
 upon her son's education. 
 
 Foresti, of Tyrolian birth, was thirty-nine 
 years old when he was appointed Franz's 
 teacher. He was an earnest, worthy, noble- 
 hearted man, praised by everybody on account 
 of his irreproachable character, and he under- 
 stood — in spite of the circumstance, he had 
 strictlj'' to obey [Metternich's and Dietrich- 
 stein's instructions — to take every occasion, 
 and they were many, to alleviate his pupil's 
 hard situation, whom he liked, and towards 
 whom he had a sincere pity. 
 
 According to enlargement of the teaching, 
 shortly a third teacher had to be appointed. 
 Matthew Collin, professor of history at the 
 Vienna University, was chosen for this posi- 
 tion. Emperor Francis, probably made anx- 
 ious by Metternich, resisted this project. He 
 did not like to appoint for his grandchild a 
 special teacher of history, but Dietrichstein 
 and Foresti won with their repeated requests. 
 
 It is interesting to hear IMarie Louise's 
 mind about Collin, who was going to have the 
 most important, and at the same time, the 
 most responsible part. " I had an interview
 
 Zbc Mm of IRome 25 
 
 .with him," she sa5's, " and am sure he will be 
 able to teach my son in the right way. I trust 
 my boy, educated by such excellent men, will 
 become a worthy man of highest education." 
 
 When Collin died, November 24, 1824, the 
 Austrian Senator Obenaus, later (1827) pro- 
 moted to the rank of Baron, came in his place. 
 He was chosen for the position because he had 
 been Archduke Ferdinand's tutor. 
 
 Obenaus zealously would turn his pupil's 
 mind to the way convenient to his descent, and 
 to his sharp-willedness. His promotion shows 
 clearly what he meant by this " convenient 
 way." However, he undeniably was a man 
 of highest scientific education, having care of 
 his pupil besides the lessons too, and trying 
 to get a favorable influence upon the frame of 
 his mind, he, like Foresti, tried to accord the 
 rigorous directions with his personal sym- 
 pathy for " Franz." 
 
 Edmond Rostand, the celebrated French 
 poet, showing in his famous UAiglon, Obe- 
 naus like a blind instrument to make Franz 
 stupid, even perverse, does it exclusively on 
 account of poetical liberty (licentia poetica) , 
 It is true, Obenaus was far from being an
 
 26 ^be Mm ot IRomc 
 
 impartial, and an ideal teacher of history, — 
 however, his character was simply incapable of 
 such base-minded intents. 
 
 Not only Dietrichstein, but Obenaus and 
 Foresti too, soon understood they had a hard 
 task. The little, self-willed ex-King, in- 
 clining even to obstinacy, caused them many 
 cares in point of view of pedagog}^ and gave 
 them occasion for many inconveniences. 
 
 Wertheimer, the intimate, and undoubtedly 
 highly educated investigator of Habsburgian 
 history, has collected together many letters 
 and annotations made by Dietrichstein, Col- 
 lin, Foresti, and Obenaus about their pupil. 
 All these remarks enhghten L'Aiglon's edu- 
 cation, and show many remarkable, inter- 
 esting, and hitherto unknown things and 
 opinions, w^hich contradict the previously 
 spread opinions about Napoleon 11. He 
 corrects many times Welschinger and INIont- 
 bel, the celebrated historiographers, and all 
 his contradictions are based upon historical 
 documents. The most interesting of Wer- 
 theimer's remarks are those, w^iich show us 
 L'Aiglon's private hfe, the secrets of his state 
 of mind, and his thoughts. He disproves
 
 /■'/, ..'^ 
 
 *^' 
 
 TiiK Di'KE OF Reichstadt as Austrian Corporal 
 
 (Drawing by Peter Kraflt) 
 
 Gallery of Portraits, Imperial Library, \ii.niia
 
 Z\x IkiuG of IRoinc 27 
 
 many fantastic stories, also many dull calum- 
 nies. First of all, he disproves the opinion, 
 ambitiously spread by certain people, that the 
 teachers were forced to make their pupil 
 stupid, to stifle his intellectual development, 
 even to ruin his sanity, leading him in the way 
 of immorality. Also he disproves the stories 
 about their severity bordering on cruelty. 
 At the Vienna Imperial House no expense 
 was spared to give the Emperor's grandchild 
 an exact education; — no one dared put any 
 affront upon the Prince, even the teachers 
 liked him. And about cruelty? 
 
 Well, certainly, it was cruel in view of his- 
 tory, that they were forced to turn Great 
 Napoleon's son into an Austrian Prince. 
 Little Napoleon says to his uncle. Arch- 
 duke Rainer: "You can beheve me, it is my 
 highest desire to become a thoroughly edu- 
 cated, earnest man."
 
 IV 
 
 
 is a fable, a clumsy calumny, Em- 
 peror Francis would send his grand- 
 child into a cloister. It is true, the 
 whole Vienna Imperial Court was afraid of 
 " Franz " on account of his striking intelli- 
 gence; — they did not like his courage, and the 
 inclination to arbitrariness, shown by him al- 
 ready as a child, and they were afraid he would 
 overthrow Metternich's plan, which was to 
 make him a celebrated Austrian soldier. 
 They had much care for the open question, 
 what might happen if Franz should find 
 occasion to leave his prison? At Vienna every- 
 thing was done in the favor of the Bourbons, 
 to lame the Napoleon politic for ever; jNIetter- 
 nich was many times in conference with 
 Emperor Francis about the Prince's " dan- 
 gerous" future, and he anxiously would 
 avoid, as he says, " even in the interest of 
 Napoleon II.,"\ny " pohtical folly." It is 
 
 28
 
 Z\)C Mm of IRome 29 
 
 true, the Emperor took every occasion to 
 favor the Bourbons on account of his grand- 
 child, and reading Senator Hudehst's follow- 
 ing words: " It is beyond my comprehension, 
 what is to be done with this Prince of Parma. 
 If it depended upon me, I would make him a 
 priest, and later, may be, a bishop," — we can 
 see it was a capital question at Vienna to 
 erase little Napoleon's political career. But 
 it is hard to believe Emperor Francis would 
 force him to become a priest. He, certainly, 
 would be glad if " Franz " would do it of his 
 own free will for then Francis II. would be- 
 come at once free of this political question, 
 and he would not be forced any more to con- 
 fer about it so often with Metternich. How- 
 ever, he loved his grandchild, — he loved him 
 only like a weak-willed old man, but cer- 
 tainly never thought about Franz's priesthood. 
 If it seems to be incredible the grand- 
 father would condemn his grandchild to be a 
 priest, — it is just as hard to believe a remark 
 of Count Prokesch-Osten, who will be men- 
 tioned later which, he says, shows Em- 
 peror Francis's nobility : " If the French 
 Nation and the confederated powers would
 
 30 Zbc IkiuG of *lRome 
 
 allow it to 3^ou, I never would impede you in 
 keei)ing possession of thj^ father's throne." 
 
 This sounds just like a fable. Especially 
 in view of the circumstance that the Emper- 
 or's " love " towards his grandchild was con- 
 fined just to his sentiments, and never proved 
 by political acts. And it is hard to under- 
 stand how this fable could be made even 
 by Prokesch, who knew everything about 
 " Franz " and who never told fables. If Em- 
 l^eror Francis would allow his grandchild to 
 walk in his own w^ay, he had many occasions 
 to give proof of it. And if Count Prokesch- 
 Osten knew the instruction given by the 
 Emperor to Count Hartmann, June 9, 1831, 
 — and he certainly did know it, — how could 
 he make such a remark? 
 
 " I strictly forbid you," says Emperor 
 Francis to the said Count, " to allow anyone, 
 whom you do not know entirely, to see the 
 Prince who is not to be infected by danger- 
 ous ( ?) and adventurous ideas.'* 
 
 I am really far from excusing the grand- 
 father's narrow-mindedness towards his 
 grandchild, for which no political circum- 
 stance could lay down reasons, — however, we
 
 Zhc Mm of IRome 31 
 
 can frankly say, the bad treatment of little 
 Napoleon was not all his fault. Emperor 
 Francis, on account of his education, was ac- 
 customed to let other persons think for him, 
 and he stood entirely under ^Metternich's in- 
 fluence. The Chancellor's political merits 
 were highly esteemed by him, — therefore he 
 was not energetic enough to impede his pro- 
 posals, and it is undoubted he would do every- 
 thing in his grandchild's favor ... if ]Met- 
 ternich had given him adequate suggestions. 
 
 And JMetternich? 
 
 Well, he would become a better Austrian 
 than his Emperor. 
 
 Certainly, he had to save the Austrian po- 
 litical interests, but he could do that without 
 any injustice. 
 
 It was an injustice to estrange little Na- 
 poleon from his native country, even from 
 his father! Metternich would like to see 
 " Franz " forget everything about his father 
 and France. But he could not succeed on 
 account of Franz's sincere and enthusiastic 
 love towards his father and France, and that 
 makes the Chancellor once more guilty of 
 injustice.
 
 32 ZTbc IkiriG of IRome 
 
 Who could imagine an education whicK 
 does not allow the pupil to love his father 
 and his native country? Such cannot be 
 called " education," — it is cruelty and . . . 
 stupidity. 
 
 When Napoleon II. had occasion to return 
 to Paris and to ascend his father's throne, he 
 was by all means prevented from doing it. It 
 is possible to find a reason for this injustice 
 in view of Europe's political concert, — but, 
 who could find reason or excuse for the fact 
 that " Franz " never could keep possession of 
 " his " Princedom of Parma, and that he never 
 had seen " his " Reichstadt manor? 
 
 It is hard, if not merely impossible, to find 
 in history's dictionary an adequate expres- 
 sion for such treatment. It is an undoubted 
 historical fact, the whole Vienna Imperial pal- 
 ace was afraid of little Napoleon's splendid in- 
 telligence. Therefore the motto was : to avoid 
 the arousing of his intelligence. 
 
 Marie Louise had not enough vigor, not 
 enough motherly sentiment to do anything 
 against these machinations. Her son's future, 
 it can be frankly said, was in her hands, and 
 she was the only one who could moderate
 
 Zhc Mm of IRome 33 
 
 Metternich's blind odium and ailing fear. A 
 little bit of perseverance, — a little bit of cour- 
 age, — and a little bit of . . . love, — and 
 3''oung Napoleon's life were a happier one. 
 A mother has not only to be courageous. A 
 mother has to be, under certain circumstances, 
 a hero. History shows us the greatest hero- 
 ines among mothers. But JNIarie Louise did 
 not belong to that class of women. She flat- 
 tered JNIetternich, — she ever and ever gives 
 thanks to her father without knowing what 
 for, — she was ever satisfied. Her feebleness 
 is a great excuse for her father. 
 
 Why? 
 
 If Emperor Francis had seen his daughter 
 fighting for her son's and his grandchild's in- 
 terest, it is impossible to think he would not 
 appreciate his daughter's wishes. It may be, 
 he had refused several of her requests, — how- 
 ever, so many injustices would not have been 
 done. But seeing his daughter the incarna- 
 tion of contentment, he thought his grand- 
 child's education and future were in the best 
 way. To get a clear view of L'Aiglon, 
 we have to elbow our way through many 
 contradictions.
 
 34 ^bc HUuG of IRome 
 
 For example: It was said, — and it is be- 
 lieved to-day by a great many persons, — the 
 teachers were forbidden to mention before the 
 Prince his father's name, even his French 
 descent. 
 
 Nonsense. 
 
 That were too hard a task in view of the 
 pupil's intelligence. Another piece of non- 
 sense was to attribute excessive value to 
 Emperor Francis's instruction, given to Met- 
 ternich in the following: "I wish to hold in 
 great respect before the Prince his father's 
 name. Bo not keep from him the truth, 
 and teach him to love, to esteem, and to re- 
 spect his father." 
 
 To keep the straight way between these 
 contradictions, it has to be stated that ]Met- 
 ternich visited his helpless odium against Na- 
 poleon upon his innocent son, and did 
 everything to cross little Napoleon's political 
 and historical career, even to juggle with 
 history, — but he was not so insane as to deny 
 his descent. 
 
 And Dietrichstein's remarkable report, given 
 to the Emperor, June 17, 1816, and say- 
 ing: *' It is undeniable we cannot keep from
 
 ^be IkluG of IRoine 35 
 
 the Prince his descent and his father's past 
 glory, but, on the contrary, he should know 
 everything, — however, it is of greatest conse- 
 quence to tell him these things only when he 
 has gained a certain degree of mental matur- 
 ity, otherwise it were dangerous for him," — 
 shows nothing else than his (Dietrichstein's) 
 fixed delusion to surpass everybody even 
 Metternich. 
 
 One morning in July, 1816, the King of 
 Rome, taking his daily walk accompanied by 
 Foresti, took occasion to drive his teacher into 
 a delicate conversation. 
 
 " Will you tell me, please, who is the pres- 
 ent Sovereign of France? " 
 
 "A King," answered Foresti. 
 
 *' Well, but I know it was formerly an Em- 
 peror. Could you tell me who it was?" 
 
 " It was your father, my Prince, who lost 
 his crown and all his power on account of his 
 exceeding warlike inclination." 
 
 " Franz " listened. Then he said he had 
 read through the history of France {Fastes de 
 France), and after this characteristic remark 
 he grieved that this book was taken from him, 
 and said he knew all the wars fought by his
 
 2,(> Z\)C Ikiiuj of IRome 
 
 father. And then the hoy of six years asked 
 the following question: 
 
 " What do you think about my dear father? 
 Was he a malefactor on account of all the 
 blood he shed? " 
 
 "It is not our task to judge of him. Love 
 your father and pray for him." 
 
 Returning from his walk he gladly said 
 before Collin : " I had a talk with Captain 
 Foresti about many things in regard to my 
 dear father." 
 
 Two years later he gave the same Collin a 
 similar cross-examination. 
 
 " Could you tell me," he said, *' why I was 
 called former King of Rome?" 
 
 " That was at a time when your father had 
 still great power." 
 
 " Do you not know whether Rome did be- 
 long to my father? " 
 
 " Not at all. Rome is the Pope's 
 residence." 
 
 " My father is now in the East Indies, — is 
 it not so? " 
 
 *' I cannot understand why he should be 
 there?" 
 
 *' Then, where is he? My ladies told me
 
 Napoleon II. as Austrian Colonel 
 
 (Pinx.: Daffingc.) 
 Imperial Oallery of Engravings, \'ienna
 
 ^be IkiuG of 1Romc 37 
 
 once my father had been in England, and later 
 he escaped from there." 
 
 " That is entirely wrong. Do you not re- 
 member, my Prince, how many times you have 
 misunderstood things you heard? I can give 
 you my word of honor, your father has never 
 been in England." 
 
 For a short time the intelligent boy 
 pondered, then he replied: "If I do well re- 
 member, I heard my father struggled with 
 penury." 
 
 " How could you get such an idea? " 
 
 " You majr be right," the Prince replied, 
 *' it seems to me improbable too." 
 
 Then he smiled. And his smile showed 
 the son's anxious love towards his father, about 
 whom he liked so much to know the truth, — 
 and his smile proved it to be hard to fool 
 him. 
 
 On another occasion, during a lesson, he 
 once surprised Foresti with this remark : " I 
 think Napoleon was, however, a great gen- 
 eral, becoming King by his own power." 
 
 " You are mistaken," replied Foresti, " he 
 was Emperor." 
 
 " Tell me, please, this Napoleon was the 
 
 w ? f^ ''» r er 
 ± ^ > D ^ D 5
 
 3S Zhc Mm of IRoine 
 
 same who married my mother one year before 
 mybh'th?" 
 
 " Certainly," answered the teacher, and at 
 once made the remark, " all European powers 
 were confederated against Napoleon because 
 he would conquer all the world." 
 
 Young Napoleon was not yet satisfied. 
 
 " Many times I heard," he said, " my dear 
 father to be now in Africa. Will you tell me 
 the truth about that?" 
 
 At the same instant an Imperial valet en- 
 tered the room and saved Foresti from an- 
 swering this delicate question, which he, now 
 and later, always avoided answering. 
 
 These conversations are a true mirror of the 
 " cleared-up " spirit in which little Napoleon's 
 education was led. No other arguments are 
 necessary to see how this " education " was 
 adequate to the grandfather's " love," and 
 to the mother's " holy duties."
 
 Y grandchild's education has to be 
 based upon the truth," says Em- 
 peror Francis to Dietrichstein. 
 " Answer any question. That is the straight- 
 est and the best way to satisfy his curiosity 
 and to gain his sympathy, which you need if 
 j'ou will lead him with success." 
 
 These words are perpetuated in a historical 
 document, otherwise it could be disproved in 
 view of the circumstance that the Emperor 
 did nothing to prove their sincerity. 
 
 The teachers did not disclose before their 
 pupil his father's past glory, — ^they knew he 
 would take notice of it without their " kind " 
 communication. But they showed him his 
 father merely as a heartless tyrant, and denied 
 all his good and great qualities. Foresti was 
 the most intimate of the teachers, which cir- 
 cumstance was noticed by Wertheimer, the 
 aforementioned historiographer, to show how 
 much L'Aiglon hked his tutors, and to prove 
 
 39
 
 40 ^be IkiuG of IRotne 
 
 thereby that no exception could be taken to 
 the method of education. 
 
 It is true Foresti's kindness was entirely 
 appreciated by little Napoleon, — we can even 
 speak without exaggeration of their mutual 
 friendship. But this friendship was not sin- 
 cere on Foresti's part, because he still did not 
 tell him the truth as to his father's where- 
 abouts. 
 
 One of the teachers, Obenaus, gives an in- 
 teresting characterization of " Franz." He 
 calls him willful, vehement, and ungovernable. 
 Then he complains that his pupil hates to 
 learn " by rote," but at the same time he ad- 
 mires his sharp intellect, his curiosity, and 
 his unlimited ambition to know everji:hing. 
 Napoleon's son shows soon his inclination to 
 independence; he is looking out for occasion 
 to do his own will ; and having his will entirely 
 suppressed, he, for example, opens his over- 
 coat not caring for his health and the nasty 
 and cold weather, — only to do what he wishes 
 to do. Many particulars could be told to 
 show how anxiously he searched to be free, at 
 least for a moment, from his teachers' control, 
 which has gone beyond the limits called for
 
 Zhc Iking of 1Romc 41 
 
 by a reasonable education. Obenaus always 
 showed a kind demeanor towards his pupil, 
 and he was always consistent in his treatment 
 towards him, — however, he wished to turn 
 Franz's mind to JNIetternich's instructions, 
 but he never used any force, on the contrary, 
 he tried to fulfill his duty with much of tact. 
 
 Dietrichstein, on the contrary, was often 
 exceedingly severe, even impolite towards 
 *' Franz " ; he was hypnotized by the fixed 
 idea that every responsibility was upon his 
 shoulders, — ^he feared JNIetternich, and his 
 ambition was to become the most influential 
 of the teachers. It may be, he did this not 
 entirely because of cruelty, but through ser- 
 vility; however, he is guilty of rude injustice. 
 [By all means he would stifle his pupil's lively 
 humor, to erase, he says, radically any war- 
 like inclination. He is not only the leader 
 of Franz's education; — he really makes psy- 
 chological studies about him, but for his own 
 and not for Franz's good. 
 
 The difference between Dietrichstein and 
 Metternich is only this: 
 
 Metternich fears Napoleon II. and he does 
 ever}i:hing to impede the possibiHty of Franz's
 
 42 ^bc MwQ of IRome 
 
 political future, — Dietrichstein does not be- 
 lieve the political situation could be ever 
 favorable for his pupil, therefore, (oh, the 
 gentleman he is!) he anxiously takes care to 
 save his pupil any grief, which could be not 
 avoided, if the Prince were educated for a 
 Sovereign. He goes even further in his 
 imagined wisdom, thinking to save Franz's 
 own interest, suffocating every self-willed in- 
 clination, and he does it with a roughness. He 
 would make the lion's son a lamb. That was 
 a hard task, even a dangerous undertaking 
 with the young lion's brain and sensible heart. 
 And he thought he had succeeded, though he 
 could not reach his end. He could only squeeze 
 the young lion in a lambskin, but he could 
 not make him feel quite at home in this 
 '' stranger " suit. 
 
 Dietrichstein was satisfied with himself. 
 
 All right. 
 
 The Frenchman says: " Chaqu'un a son 
 gout." (Everybody does according to his 
 taste). 
 
 We can easily see In which way Dietrich- 
 stein became satisfied with himself. 
 
 " I do not like to become an Austrian. I
 
 ^be 1klno of IRotnc 43 
 
 have to be, I scarcely dare say it, a good 
 Frenchman," says the boy, probably under the 
 influence of the " cleared up " education ( ?) . 
 And Dietrichstein, the heroic soldier, took oc- 
 casion to put into his diary the following re- 
 mark: "That is too much! He has to be 
 made, by all means, all over an Austrian." 
 
 And so on. 
 
 He really was proud of his great " success," 
 but he has forgotten, it was not to his effort 
 alone that little Napoleon's will was later en- 
 tirely quelled. 
 
 Every excess in education is a fault. If 
 such an excess be made maliciously, then it 
 becomes a sin, a grievous crime, ^vhich bears 
 with all its heavy weight upon the educator's 
 conscience. It may be, if Dietrichstein really 
 would give his pupil a good education, trying 
 to turn him wdth kindness into an Austrian, 
 he could have gained more of success, because 
 what he reached cannot be called " success." 
 
 " The Prince," he says to Archduke Rainer, 
 September 17, 1816, "already reads French 
 fluently. I am exceedingly glad to inform 
 Your Imperial Highness, he has spoken Ger- 
 man for three wrecks for the most part, and
 
 44 <rbc liuiuj Of IRomc 
 
 shows in this language a pretty cleverness. 
 It is remarkable, some weeks before he spoke 
 German only to his servants, but at the pres- 
 ent time he uses this language without any 
 force." 
 
 And he calls that a " success." 
 
 Is it a success if a young French boy uses 
 the German language in his conversation with 
 his teachers, when they speak to him only in 
 German? If he could inform the said Arch- 
 duke, " the Prince already likes to speak Ger- 
 man," that were really a success, but he never 
 could reach that. 
 
 When the King of Rome was fifteen 
 years old, Dietrichstein was happy in saying: 
 " The Prince speaks the French language 
 sufficiently well. His pronunciation is cor- 
 rect but his writing is imperfect. The way in 
 which he expresses his thoughts shows clearly 
 that he thinks in German. His translations 
 from German to French show plenty of " Ger- 
 manisms," and he is simply unable to write a 
 letter in French." 
 
 Why does not this " proud gentleman " tell 
 us the greater "success" his pupil made in
 
 Zhc IkiiiG of IRomc 45 
 
 the German language, the more he disliked 
 this language? 
 
 Count Dietrichstein really became blind 
 about everything except the imagined glory 
 of his " successes." No, he was not blind 
 when he saw the golden eagles upon some 
 books brought by ^larie Louise from Paris, 
 and he anxiously took these " dangerous " 
 books from " Franz." And that was called a 
 " cleared-up " education afraid of printed 
 French Imperial eagles. 
 
 Young Napoleon hked to speak often about 
 his father. Who does not like to do it? 
 Later he gave up this innocent pleasure, hear- 
 ing ever and ever the same reply; " These 
 things you know only by nursery tales which 
 you heard when you were a child, unable to 
 understand such fables."
 
 VI 
 
 T has been told before that DIetrichstein 
 was anxious by all means to remove 
 the French ladies from young Na- 
 poleon, but he had hard work. These ladies 
 were brought by Marie Louise and he had to 
 reiterate many times his requests before Count- 
 ess Montesquieu, the Lady of Honor, and Ma- 
 dame Marchand, the boy's faithful and true 
 nurse, were finally sent away. Then Emile 
 Goberau, the Fi-ench valet's son, a boy of 
 seven, and young Napoleon's favorite play- 
 fellow — even Flambeau, the true old grenad- 
 ier, who never left the Prince's ante-chamber, 
 were removed too. All these Dietrichstein 
 thought to be dangerous obstacles to a good 
 education. 
 
 Going further in his mania he forbade his 
 fellow-laborers to speak with " Franz " about 
 his father and this fantasy goes so far that he 
 is afraid even when he sees his pupil playing 
 with his wooden soldiers, which play, he thinks, 
 
 46
 
 Miss Maude Adams as Duke ok Reichstadt in Rostand's 
 "L'Aiglon"
 
 ^be Ikino of IRoine 47 
 
 may awaken warlike inclinations. From 1815 
 to 1830 he anxiously took care to avoid any 
 *' dangerous " conversation, and during this 
 time nobody could enter young Napoleon's 
 room without undergoing a hard cross-exami- 
 nation. Even when Gen. Belliard, sent by 
 the French King Louis Philippe, came to see 
 the Prince, Dietrichstein curtly forbade him 
 this visit. 
 
 If we like to know Dietrichstein's " peda- 
 gogical wisdom," it is remarkable to hear his 
 own words, spoken to young Napoleon Au- 
 gust 24, 1826, because he did not like to take 
 his daily walk: "Do wdiat you wish. You 
 hold your future in your own hand. We, 
 your tutors, can easily give of ourselves a most 
 satisfactorj^ account. Our great merits ( ?) 
 in regard to your education are well knowTi 
 and appreciated by everybody. But I think 
 it is now time you would take into considera- 
 tion how greatly you are responsible for every- 
 thing you do. You are responsible not only 
 at the present time, but in the next world too." 
 This great philosopher — do you not think 
 Dietrichstein was one? — contradicted himself 
 many times. He does not like to speak with
 
 48 Zhc Mm of IRome 
 
 3^oung Napoleon about the Great French Em- 
 peror, and he carefully avoids any remem- 
 brance of Napoleon's glory. Then in 1818 
 he says to Obenaus: " I think it is time to in- 
 form the Prince, together with other things, 
 about his father's history, of which he now 
 knows so many particulars. I am very sorry 
 I could not find the proper book which could 
 be used for that purpose without any danger. 
 However, I trust in you that 3^ou will perform 
 this dehcate task wisely in the Prince's inter- 
 est as you have hitherto done." 
 
 The same year Franz was appointed by his 
 grandfather Captain in the Austrian Imperial 
 Hunter regiment. The new Captain was 
 happy. The following letter, sent by him to 
 Foresti, shows his exceeding joy. 
 
 "Vienna, August 19, 1828. 
 " My Dear Colleague : 
 
 *' I hasten to inform you of the happiest 
 event of my life. This is an event, which, at 
 last, the more unexpected it is, the more joy- 
 ful it has been. It makes me the happiest 
 man in the world. 
 
 " Yesterday, before noon, the Emperor
 
 Zhc Mm of IRome 49 
 
 called my mother to his writing-room. After 
 a brief interview, she came out with shining 
 face, and apparently in good humor, spoke 
 with the General and the Count. 
 
 " During the dinner she spoke much with 
 the Emperor, always smiling at me. After 
 dinner the Emperor played, as usual, cards. 
 Then, finishing the play, he called me. ' I 
 know,' the Emperor said, 'you have wanted 
 something for a long time,' while in my em- 
 barrassment, I could only answer: ' I, your 
 Majesty?' 'Yes,' replied the Emperor, 'and 
 to show my appreciation of my satisfaction, 
 and for the services I exj^ect from you, I here- 
 with appoint you Captain in my Hunting 
 Regiment. Be a good man, that is all I ask of 
 you.' With these words His Majest}^ dis- 
 missed me. I was so elated that I could hardly 
 respond. As I got into the reception-room, 
 I found there the Empress (he ever called his 
 mother 'Empress'), the Archduchesses, and 
 all the gentlemen, already waiting to con- 
 gratulate me. I hurried to my mother know- 
 ing I owed my appointment to her. 
 
 " She had been preparing the Emperor for 
 the last few days, but yesterday she openly
 
 50 Zhc IkluG of IRome 
 
 came out with her request. The Emperor was 
 first reluctant and wanted to know Count 
 Dietrichstein's opinion. He joined my mother 
 in her request and this decided it. The de- 
 cision was made yesterday, and Gen. Kutsch- 
 era, of whom I shall always think with deep 
 gratitude, notified Prince Ilohenzollern (the 
 Commander of the Austrian Imperial Hunt- 
 ers) last night. 
 
 " I shall also soon be announced as a Cap- 
 tain in the army. Gen. Neipperg, who al- 
 ways manifested his good will towards me, 
 was glad that I have become an officer, and 
 Gen. Salis, whom I told about my appoint- 
 ment, immediately thought how pleased you 
 would be to hear this. 
 
 *' And, really, my dear friend, you are 
 the one, whom I should first inform of my ap- 
 pointment to the officers' corps, which you 
 have been serving with great honors for years, 
 since you gave me the first lessons in the mili- 
 tary profession, outside of which you told me 
 I must not choose any other. Now we shall 
 really study the military sciences, and nothing 
 shall discourage me. 
 
 " My self-respect and the desire to become
 
 Zhc Mm of IRome 51 
 
 worthy of the great honor bestowed upon me 
 will cliange me. I shall give up all childish- 
 ness, and shall become a man in the truest 
 sense of the word. This is my earnest de- 
 cision. It is unnecessary to say, my dear 
 Colleague, that there is no question yet of 
 entering active service, but I know that this 
 can only take place when I shall have finished 
 my studies and proved the maturity of my 
 mind. 
 
 " The Count will write you in detail about 
 my equipment and I only ask you to kindly 
 hasten it. 
 
 " Give my best regards to Mr. Obenaus, 
 Major Weiss, and Barthelemy, who shall, I 
 feel certain, be glad of my appointment, and 
 also the Court Chaplain. 
 
 " I remain, dear Colleague, 
 
 " Your servant and friend, 
 " Franz von Reichstadt, Captain." 
 
 The youth of seventeen who gained his men-
 
 52 Zbc Ikino of IRome 
 
 tal maturity so quickly, was on account of his 
 appointment so hopeful! Alas he had to be 
 convinced soon that he had with this " appoint- 
 ment " absolutely nothing else than the uni- 
 form. The Captain Avas moreover treated 
 like a schoolboy, and even his thoughts were 
 anxiously controlled. No wonder he searched 
 every occasion to show his own will and it was 
 not his fault that he had only childish occasions 
 to do tliis. During lessons he acted very often 
 as if he were absolutely incapable of under- 
 standing his teachers' explanations and the 
 easiest questions were answered b}'- him in a 
 wrong way, and only after a while, having 
 fooled the desperate teachers, he shows that he 
 understood everything. He was exceedingly 
 curious, he liked to know everything, and he 
 passed all his free time in reading. In learn- 
 ing as his father did, he does not care to 
 know his lessons "by heart." He "under- 
 stood " all the things he learned. 
 
 Often he played during lessons or he played 
 a trick upon one of his teachers ; he even fibbed 
 a little, but only because he knew it to be 
 forbidden. 
 
 These are some of the drawbacks of this
 
 ^be 1kino of IRotne 53 
 
 " excellent " education, suffocating all the 
 individuality. 
 
 He watches Dietrichstein's every move- 
 ment and when he sees him talking with some 
 one of his entourage, he steals up and hides be- 
 hind the door or some piece of furniture listen- 
 ing, hoping that he might hear a few words 
 . . . about his father. 
 
 Metternich had no reason to fear Napoleon 
 II. as all his will had been thoroughly ener- 
 vated. 
 
 Young Napoleon was a good-hearted boy, 
 inclining to gaiety. These qualities were 
 anxiously controlled. 
 
 When he was ten years old, he took a walk 
 accompanied by Dietrichstein. Beside the 
 road he saw a sparrow eating a caterpillar and 
 big tears proved his good heart. He gladly 
 gives his favorite toys to the boys he sees in 
 his walks, and often he distributes all his 
 pocket-money to the poor. INIany times he 
 says how he regrets poor children being in need 
 of bread while he abounds in all good things. 
 The amiability of his character is shown in 
 that he never was angry with Dietrichstein, not 
 even when he gained his maturity, and under-
 
 54 Z\K Ikiiuj of IRome 
 
 stood all the injustices; and he shows attach- 
 ment for one who rules him in every trifle. He 
 even appears like a little hero saying to his 
 tutor: " I will think of you with gratitude for 
 ever." 
 
 We would like to know for what will he think 
 with gratitude of Dietrichstein? Foresti tells 
 us of saying to Dietrichstein: "Your Excell- 
 ency, we better keep the straight way of 
 justice." 
 
 nJ When the King of Rome was eighteen years 
 of age, 1828, Emperor Francis made him 
 Colonel of the Sixtieth Austrian Infantry 
 regiment, and on this occasion he wished to 
 declare his majority and to give him a separate 
 household. Possibly he w^ould calm his remorse. 
 Really that would have been a great thing 
 for young Napoleon, because then he would 
 have been equal to all the other members of 
 the Habsburgian family, and he would be 
 indemnified for many injustices. But Die- 
 trichstein again was filled with " anguish." 
 " Whatever resolution may be made by Your 
 Imperial Majesty," he says in his report, Au- 
 gust 28, 1828, "my conscience is calmed.
 
 Zhc Iklno ot IRomc 55 
 
 However I should feel the sincerest sorrow if 
 my well-meant proposition should not be taken 
 into consideration because I see the Prince's 
 future would become most dangerous in that 
 way. I have been so many years at his side — 
 I know him thoroughly, and therefore it seems 
 to be my duty to call Your Majesty's high at- 
 tention to the circumstance, that the Prince has 
 to be judged by a special law." 
 
 Then he further says he knows the Prince the 
 best and he fears to jump him into dangerous 
 political adventures for which his majority 
 would furnish many on occasion. 
 
 And he succeeded. Emperor Francis, how- 
 ever, gave to his grandchild the title and uni- 
 form of a Colonel, but nothing else. And that 
 was only a little bit more than nothing. 
 
 Count Dietrichstein retained even after he 
 left his employ, a decisive influence upon Na- 
 poleon II.'s education, and he always did 
 ever^i;hing against his former pupil's interest. 
 
 'I would rather know my boy to he 
 strangled than to see him become an Aus- 
 trian Prince" said Great Napoleon at one 
 time, when he spoke of his son's future. 
 
 However, we have to be impartial.
 
 56 ^bc Mm of IRomc 
 
 It is true young Napoleon's education was 
 led exclusively by the view of Austrian poli- 
 tics. It is true he had to suffer many great 
 and hard injustices; and it is undeniable he 
 could have been treated even without any of- 
 fence to this policy in a much kinder and bet- 
 ter way. Eut it is wrong, it is a clumsy 
 fable that his tutors had him tortured to death 
 like base-minded hirelings, and it is still 
 greater nonsense to believe they did it, not 
 only with Metternich's, but even with 
 the Emperor's knowledge, yea even by his 
 command. 
 
 In 1842 a pamphlet was published in which 
 was said the aforesaid Count Prokesch-Osten 
 gave the King of Rome a piece of poisoned 
 watermelon. By another party it was told 
 his tutors had maliciously ruined his morals, 
 and these fabulists tell dreadful stories about 
 a notorious dancer, Fanny Elsler. 
 
 Count INIontbel, the French Ambassador at 
 Vienna, positively disproves these fables by 
 immediate experience, and the story of at- 
 tempted poisoning was clearly disproved by 
 the said Count Prokesch-Osten, who, later, had 
 occasion to see Napoleon III. and whom he
 
 ^be Ikino of TRoine 57 
 
 assured that his cousin, " Franz," was not even 
 acquainted with Fanny Elsler. 
 
 The act, taken upon Napoleon II.'s death, 
 July 23, 1832, and signed by the most cele- 
 brated Austrian physicians (IMalfatti, Wirer, 
 Jemlitsch, Hieber, Rima, and Zangler), and 
 based on the autopsy, clearly tells us the cause 
 of his death. This act says young Napo- 
 leon's brain, heart, and liver were normal; his 
 stomach was strikingly small, his chest also 
 too small, and his left lung thoroughly de- 
 stroyed by pus. Therefore, it is clear, 
 " Franz " was not killed by the poisoned wa- 
 termelon nor by his " friendship " with Fanny 
 Elsler. A many times more dangerous 
 enemy: phthisis killed him! 
 
 Foresti's diary, date July 22, 1832, has the 
 following remark: " The Prince died July 22, 
 1832, five o'clock in the morning at the Schoen- 
 brunn Imperial palace. His death was 
 caused by phthisis, and by . . . foretold by; 
 Obenaus." 
 
 These dashes gave occasion to the afore- 
 mentioned clumsy fables. But what do they^ 
 mean? 
 
 They mean the said Obenaus mistrusted
 
 58 Zhc 1Idiu3 of IRomc 
 
 from the first the celebrated Doctor ISIalfatti, 
 the physician-in-chief of the Vienna Imperial 
 Court whom he says is responsible for a wrong 
 diagnosis. He did not like to tell frankly his 
 opinion of the physician, so these dashes do 
 not mean anything else than: "Doctor ]Mal- 
 fatti's stupidity." 
 
 On another page of his diary Foresti says; 
 " It was sorrowful to see how these " would-be 
 geniuses" [he means Malfatti and Hieber], 
 stuck to their wrong diagnosis, when they 
 knew the destroying disease and their big 
 mistake." 
 
 It is a remarkable historical fact that the 
 King of Rome was doctored for liver com- 
 plaint and the real disease was recognized by 
 the " medical celebrities " only on the last day. 
 But there is no reason to cast suspicion upon 
 these physicians. However, the fact that they 
 were Metternich's, j^es, even Emperor Fran- 
 cis's physicians does not excuse their ignorance.
 
 p w 
 
 t-H ^ 
 
 
 ^ A. ^ 
 
 c ^ 
 
 O
 
 VII 
 
 HE King of Rome was well-beloved 
 by everybody, though it will be hard 
 to believe this of Count Dietrich- 
 stein. Only jNIetternich hated him. 
 
 His winsome appearance, his personal 
 amiability and his fascinating look made 
 everybody forget he was the son of the late 
 hated Napoleon. 
 
 His grandmother, the Austrian Empress, 
 called him " ]My dear little boy," and she 
 signed her letters, " Thy sincerely loving 
 grandmamma." Archduchess Sophie, the 
 mother of the present Austrian Emperor and 
 Hungarian King, who nursed " Franz " many 
 times during his illness called him " iNIy dear 
 old boy," and her husband. Archduke Francis 
 Charles, signed his letters, " Thy tender lov- 
 ing Franz." We can see he was not in need 
 of love. But all these had no power to do 
 anything for their beloved cousin and they 
 
 59
 
 6o Zbc IkiuG of IRome 
 
 had to be satisfied to show their love in good 
 words, and kind treatment. 
 
 The time came soon when " Franz " did not 
 care much for any love. It was the beginning 
 of the end. His humor became day by day 
 more sad. He lost his gaiety and his winsome 
 smiles could be seen but seldom, and when he 
 did smile those about him were forced to turn 
 their heads and wipe away the tears from their 
 eyes. That was not young Napoleon's nor 
 " Franz's " smile — that was death's cruel grin ! 
 He cast down his talking blue eyes, he went 
 about with his head cast down as if he were 
 walking in another world, where he at last! — 
 would soon know the truth about his father, 
 from whom the cruel fates had torn him, and 
 who loved him so much. 
 
 The weaker he got the more he spoke about 
 his father and he wept only for shame. But 
 when he was alone with Archduchess Sophie 
 then his tears ran freely. 
 
 Dietrichstein himself was seized \^dth great 
 consternation when, coming to see his former 
 pupil, he saw the great change, but he had for- 
 gotten he had his part in it: he would have 
 turned him into an Austrian Prince but he was
 
 ^be Iking of IRome 6i 
 
 unable to consummate this task. He filled 
 the youth's heart with bitterness and that only. 
 
 The healthy development of " Franz " was 
 essentially hindered by his sudden growth 
 together with the fact that his heart was filled 
 wdth so many wishes and frustrated hopes 
 that he was never able to realize. The youth 
 of twenty-one years appeared like a dried up 
 old man, and the fact that he was in need of 
 the sympath}^ which even the poorest beggar 
 enjoys, made his sufferings harder still. 
 Marie Louise, who had changed from Great 
 Napoleon's wife to an " elegant " adventuress, 
 confined herself to saying to her boy only 
 " good night." A " good-night " after which 
 there was no " good-morning." 
 
 Captain Baron Moll, the most intimate 
 friend of " Franz," did not leave him for a 
 moment during his last days; he did every- 
 thing to alleviate his sufferings; he spared no 
 trouble to soothe his pains. 
 
 " You see, dear friend, what a hard time I 
 have made for you," said Napoleon II. a few 
 hours before his death, with a touching look 
 as if he would beg ]M oil's pardon. 
 
 July 21, 1832, " Franz " talked with Moll
 
 62 tibe IkiuG of IRome 
 
 about his favorite plan, the journey to Naples, 
 and he was discontented to hear from Moll 
 that the coach ordered especially for that pur- 
 pose was not yet ready. At the same time 
 Doctor Malfatti states death's immediate ap- 
 proach . , . and in the Habsburgian fam- 
 ily vault masons are about to prepare a new 
 sepulchre. 
 
 The night, his last one, notwithstanding his 
 poor condition, was fairly good, and he had a 
 short sleep. Then, July 22, fifteen minutes 
 before four o'clock in the morning, he waked 
 up and turned cold all over. 
 
 His agony begun. 
 
 " Help ! Help ! I will sink ! " he cries, shak- 
 ing, and then, exerting all his power, he re- 
 gained for a short time his calmness. 
 
 "I want to see my mother! Call her! 
 Keep off this table! I do not need anything 
 more ! Mother ! Mother ! " After these words 
 he convulsively presses Moll's hand, and after 
 a pitifully short silence he sat up mth extreme 
 exertion in his bed. 
 
 " Compresses! Compresses! " he cries. And 
 then he fell backwards. ]Moll hastened to call 
 Marie Louise who some davs before arrived
 
 Zhc Mm of IRome 63 
 
 at Vienna. When she, accompanied by Arch- 
 duke Charles and the whole Imperial staff, 
 entered her son's death-room, she, in sight of 
 her dying child, fainted away. 
 
 It was too late! 
 
 The Court Chaplain came to administer ex- 
 treme unction and " Franz " kept his eyes upon 
 the priest's every motion. Then he laid his 
 tired head on his cushions. 
 
 The 22d of July, 1832, at five o'clock in the 
 morning, " L'Aiglon " left the same room, 
 where his father had addressed (1805) liis 
 proclamation against the Bourbons. 
 
 He left it forever! 
 
 At the fifteenth anniversary of his ap- 
 pointment as Duke of Keichstadt he followed 
 his father's call: "Come on, my dear child. 
 Now thou art mine, and nobody can keep thee 
 away ! 
 
 The death of Napoleon II. roused not only 
 in France, but in Austria, too, great 
 compassion. 
 
 " Emperor Francis was deeply touched by 
 his grandchild's death," says Foresti. And 
 the Emperor himself approves these w^ords,
 
 64 Zbc MwQ of IRome 
 
 saying: "If I consider my grandchild's suf- 
 ferings, then his death seems to me his re- 
 demption. But I will miss him all the time." 
 
 And Metternich? 
 
 He said to Emperor Francis: *' I am glad 
 that Your Imperial Majesty has not seen the 
 Prince. I never saw such a sorrowful sight." 
 
 These words are the Chancellor's true photo- 
 graph. 
 
 In the Vienna Habsburgian vault (in the 
 cloister of Cappucine Fathers), we find the 
 following epitaph: 
 
 " To the perpetual memory of Joseph 
 Charles Francis, Duke of Reichstadt, son of 
 Napoleon, Emperor of France, and Marie 
 Louise, Archduchess of Austria, who was born 
 at Paris, JMarch 20, 1811, in his cradle called 
 King of Rome, distinguished from his contem- 
 poraries by his excellent mental and bodily 
 qualities and his winsome appearance and 
 discourse; making remarkable progress in 
 study of the military profession, and showing 
 exceeding cleverness in exercises. Phthisis, 
 pitifully, called him back to his ances- 
 tors, at Schoenbrunn, near Vienna, July 22, 
 1832."
 
 Zhc Mm of IRome 65 
 
 Some persons may be will find something 
 satisfactory in this epitaph. 
 
 Well, if it seems to bring satisfaction, that 
 there is made remembrance of Napoleon I., 
 even of the Kingdom of Rome, we will not 
 fight against such an opinion. However, we 
 like to state Napoleon II. was not in need of 
 any recognition. He could be made an Aus- 
 trian Prince — he could be called " Franz" — 
 though he was Great Napoleon's son! 
 
 May he have an undisturbed, pleasant sleep !
 
 <f upplements IT 
 
 67
 
 Countess Camerata 
 
 OUNTESS NAPOLEONA ELIZA 
 CAMERATA, born in Normandy, 
 June 3, 1806, was the daughter of 
 Great Napoleon's sister, Marie Anna Eliza- 
 beth Bonaparte. Her father, Felice, Duke 
 of Piombino and Lucca, went, after the Em- 
 peror, his brother-in-law, lost all his power, 
 to Trieste, then to Vienna, and later to Bo- 
 logna. Napoleona Eliza was married in 1825 
 to Count Camerata, but five years later they 
 were divorced and after that time she was sup- 
 ported by her father's bounty. When she 
 died her son, Count Napoleon Camerata, in- 
 herited her fortune of about fifteen million 
 francs, which she had received on the death of 
 her father. He received an appointment in 
 the French Navy. After the political strata- 
 gem of Napoleon III., 1851, he became a 
 member of the French Senate. Two years 
 later he committed suicide. 
 
 69
 
 70 ^be Iking of TRome 
 
 The said Countess Napoleona Eliza Cam- 
 erata had a hard task: she would secure the 
 escape of her cousin, the King of Rome, from 
 Vienna, and on account of this undertaking 
 many strange stories were spread about 
 her. 
 
 The truth is she was a courageous and very 
 interesting young woman — of course, every 
 courageous woman is interesting — and it was 
 not her fault that she could not take an im- 
 portant part in making history. 
 
 When she saw her uncles, Joseph and Lu- 
 cian Bonaparte, would only help their cousin 
 by letters and wTitten communications, she be- 
 came impatient, and she hastened to " do " 
 something for the young " prisoner." 
 
 August 26, 1830, she says in her letter sent 
 from Rome where she was living, to her 
 friend, Countess Lipona: "Who can foretell 
 the future ending of the political events? For 
 my part, I think we are at the beginning of a 
 great event." 
 
 Really she stood before a great event which 
 was frustrated without her fault. 
 
 Still at the beginning she showed her po- 
 litical cleverness.
 
 ConntC06 Camera ta 71 
 
 To get the necessary passport she asked the 
 personal influence of the Pope with the pre- 
 text that she would make an absolutely private 
 visit to her father's Vienna home. In that 
 way she at once received her passport, and she 
 cleverly solved another hard task. To get her 
 passport conntersigned by the Austrian Em- 
 bassy at Rome, she went to see the Ambassa- 
 dor, Count Lutzow, and would make him 
 believe that she could not stay any longer so 
 far away from her father whom she wished to 
 see once more. " I am now just like my 
 father," she said, " an Austrian subject." Lut- 
 zow believed this story and countersigned her 
 passport with the condition that she shall go 
 via Venice and Trieste. He has no idea that the 
 Countess will use his signature for a political 
 purpose. His letter sent September, 1830, 
 to Duke Porcia, Governor of Trieste, shows 
 how " well " he was informed about the young 
 Countess's undertaking: " I am sure," he says, 
 " there is no reason to give the Countess any 
 political importance. I know she is very proud 
 of her uncle (Napoleon I) , whom she admires, 
 and whom she likes to imitate, but I do not 
 think her able, nor capable of any political
 
 72 Z]K Mm of IRome 
 
 undertaking. For such things she has not 
 enough inteUigence nor consideration, further- 
 more she has not enough money for such a 
 purpose." 
 
 A\^hen Countess Camerata arrived at Ven- 
 ice she again sent a letter to her friend. 
 Countess Lipona, informing her that she was 
 going on a voyage " about a very important 
 affair." This letter fell into wrong hands: 
 those of a police officer, and he brought it to 
 the Police-prefect Cattanei, who, after read- 
 ing it, sent, October 18th, a special report 
 to Baron Sedlnitzky, the Vienna Police-pre- 
 fect, calling his attention to the Countess. 
 " This young adventuress," he says, " un- 
 doubtedly seems to set her wits to work in 
 favor of the Bonapartes." The same Cat- 
 tanei called the Countess to his office to see 
 her passport and when he could not find any 
 legal reason to stop her travel he personally 
 investigated her baggage thoroughly hoping 
 to find something " suspicious." Not being 
 able to find anything, he let her go. 
 
 Countess Camerata arrived at Trieste Sep- 
 tember 15th, where she had an interview in 
 regard to her plan with her aunt, [Marie
 
 Countc00 Canierata iz 
 
 Annunziata Murat, ex-Queen of Naples. 
 The next day she continued her travels. 
 
 Frederick Masson, one of Napoleon's 
 biographers, tries to disprove in his essay 
 " L'Aiglon et la Comtesse Camerata," issued 
 in the June copy, 1900, of the Revue de 
 PariSj that the Countess ever had a passport, 
 even though she had been in Vienna, but later, 
 when he saw his mistake he retracted his opin- 
 ion. It is a historical fact that she received 
 the passport and reached Vienna, but it is sur- 
 prising, however, how she could get so far in 
 her undertaking with the surveillance she was 
 under by the anxious Austrian police? She 
 had one great advantage, that she would make 
 everyone believe that she really would become 
 an Austrian subject. Later the same police 
 had reason to regret their somewhat careless 
 surveillance. 
 
 The historical fact is, the Countess was on 
 November 11, 1830, at the Vienna Imperial 
 palace, where she found out which way her 
 cousin is to go as he went from the second 
 floor to Obenaus' room downstairs. There 
 she met him and at this interview she enthusi- 
 astically siezed and kissed her cousin's hand,
 
 74 Z\x Mm ot IRome 
 
 and at his protest she cried: "Who may for- 
 bid me to kiss my Emperor's hand?" 
 
 Probably at this interview she had no time 
 to intimate to her cousin about her plan. This 
 is proved by letters she sent to him. But this 
 interview really happened, and that young 
 Napoleon laiew the visitor is proved by Die- 
 trichstein's diary, which date, November 11, 
 1830, has the following remark: " The Prince 
 has seen down stairs near Obenaus's room the 
 Countess Camerata." 
 
 The Countess spoke German fluently and 
 owing to this she was able to bribe one of the 
 valets who smuggled her letters into the Im- 
 perial palace. At the question, why L'Aiglon 
 did not take his cousin's advice (?) we have 
 to answer, because these letters fell into Die- 
 trichstein's hands, who tells us in his diarj'-, 
 November 30: "Countess Camerata sent two 
 letters to the Prince.'* 
 
 Count Prokesch-Osten — it is hard to find 
 out the reason, why — tries to disprove that the 
 Countess had time to see her cousin, and he 
 says, she could not have arrived at Vienna be- 
 fore November 9th, and two days, he says, 
 were too short a time to find an opportunity
 
 Countc06 Camcrata 75 
 
 to enter the Imperial palace secretly. Now 
 we know the Countess left Trieste October 
 19th, and she certainly, even with the slowest 
 post-chaise, could reach Vienna within ten 
 days, in which case she arrived at the Austrian 
 metropolis at least two weeks before the said 
 interview. 
 
 Another surprising remark of the same 
 Count Prokesch is an untruth: lie would make 
 us believe neither Duke Metternich nor Baron 
 Sedlnitzky, the Vienna Police-prefect, knew 
 nothing about the Countess's journey and ar- 
 rival in Vienna, and he says this " secret " 
 came out only after young Napoleon's death. 
 The historical fact is, ISIetternich and Sedlnit- 
 zky knew very well about her arrival, they 
 knew everything about her journey to Vienna 
 and they were exactly informed in regard to 
 all her movements. The Archives of the 
 Vienna ministerium for home affairs has a let- 
 ter of Metternich addressed to Count Lutzow, 
 the aforesaid Ambassador, dated INIay 3, 1831, 
 in which the Chancellor informs the Ambassa- 
 dor in the following words : ** Countess Cam- 
 erata (he says: * Frau von Camerata') was 
 expelled from Vienna where she left a disa-
 
 76 Zbc MwQ of IRome 
 
 greeable memory. She undertook the danger- 
 ous task of helping the Duke of Reichstadt 
 to escape in order that he might have the lead- 
 ing part in Bonapartian pohtics. She 
 was sorry that her undertaking came to no- 
 thing, therefore, she did not like to return 
 either to her father, nor to her brother, and she 
 went to Prague, because she did not yet give 
 up her plan, and she would stay for a time 
 still on Austrian territory." 
 
 At the same time at the Vienna Imperial 
 Court it was resolved to take " Franz " to 
 Prague, the Bohemian Capital, where he 
 should take part in the military exercises. 
 Really that were a good occasion to make the 
 world believe young Napoleon thinks himself 
 nothing else than an Austrian officer. But 
 on account of his unexpected sickness this pro- 
 ject could not be carried out and he never saw 
 Prague. 
 
 When Countess Camerata later was con- 
 vinced that she would never see her cousin 
 again and accomplish her plan, she returned 
 to Italy. However, it is undeniable, she was 
 a courageous woman. To promote family 
 politics she was scorned and ill treated by the
 
 Couute00 Cainerata n 
 
 Vienna Imperial Court and INIetternich with 
 the venom which ever characterized him, sadly 
 misjudged her. But this judgment does not 
 at all helittle her character: her love for her 
 country and her family. 
 
 Anyway it remains an open and most im- 
 portant historical question, what would have 
 happened, if Countess Camerata's project had 
 turned out well? 
 
 All other stories spread about young Na- 
 poleon's lovely cousin are nothing but fabri- 
 cations, and were spread abroad for no good 
 purpose.
 
 SOMETHING ABOUT AN INTER- 
 ESTING POEM 
 
 ETER JOHN BERANGER, the 
 
 celebrated French poet, (born Paris, 
 August 19, 1780, died July 16, 
 1875), wrote in 1812 one of his most interest- 
 ing poems entitled Les deux cousins, ou let- 
 tre dfun ijetit Eoi a un yetit Prince (" The 
 two cousins, or letter of a little King to a little 
 Prince"), in which he gives the Prince of 
 Bourbon the advice that he should not trust 
 those about him in their simulated, flattering 
 loyalt}^ and that he should learn of the King 
 of Rome how good luck is unsteady. 
 
 August Marseille Barthelemy, another 
 French poet (who is not to be confounded 
 with August Barthelemy De Saint Hilaire, 
 j'^oung Napoleon's teacher in the French lan- 
 guage), follows Beranger's example and 
 writes in 1825 another political poem about 
 Napoleon II. entitled Le fils de VHomme, 
 
 78
 
 an Untcresting poem 79 
 
 (" The son of the Man ") , and this was a great 
 surprise to the public. Barthelemy, the 
 former implacable enemy of the Bonapartes, 
 speaks now in the interest of one of them. 
 This poem was published to try and turn the 
 public mind (already somewhat favorable to 
 young Napoleon) thoroughly in his favor, and 
 therefore this publication jarred the Paris and 
 Vienna governments like a bomb. 
 
 With splendid enthusiasm Barthelemy 
 speaks about the Great Emperor's son, and 
 says he was sacrificed by the " heartless " 
 Austrian politics. In the beginning he calls 
 upon L'Aiglon not to forget his name, and to 
 look out to regain his father's crown. Then 
 he attacks the Austrian Imperial Court, and 
 asks INIetternich and the others why they will 
 ruin b}'' every means Napoleon's son? 
 
 And then he prophecies, and says the faith- 
 ful son of the " Grande Nation " will pull 
 asunder his fetters, and he will return to his 
 well-beloved France. 
 
 And this prophec}^ frightened both the 
 Bourbon and the Habsburg politicians. This 
 poem is remembered on account of tliis char- 
 acterizing circumstance.
 
 8o ^bc H^ino of IRotnc 
 
 Count Joseph Ai)f)onyi, the Austrian Am- 
 bassador at Paris, calls, in his report sent to 
 Metternich, June 12, 1829, the Chancellor's 
 attention to this poem. 
 
 And Barthelemy? 
 
 Like an exceedingly enthusiatic poet ex- 
 plodes all the stories spread about young Na- 
 l^oleon. In the first place he repeats the stor}'- 
 of the poisoning. Afterward he goes to see the 
 " Emperor." Arriving in Vienna December 
 31, 1828, there he says he came only to offer 
 a copy of his celebrated work. Napoleon en 
 i^gyiite to " Franz." Then he, January 3, 
 1829, went to see Dietrichstein, he took with 
 him two copies of his aforementioned book and 
 offering one of them to the Count, asked him 
 for permission to give the other copy to the 
 Prince. The diplomatic Dietrichstein smil- 
 ing takes both copies, explaining to the poet 
 that the book has to be read by him thoroughly 
 first, then he will give him his opinion in which 
 behalf he may call again. 
 
 Barthelemy distrusting the Count did not 
 call again, but decided to carry out his own 
 plans. For four weeks he conceals himself in 
 Vienna, trying by all means to see j^oung
 
 Hn UntercstltiG poem 8i 
 
 Napoleon. Then, at last, convinced he has no 
 hope for success, breathing vengeance, returns 
 to Paris, and upon arriving there he immedi- 
 atety published his poem Le fils de VHomme, 
 
 The French government taking notice of 
 his publication gave a special order to confis- 
 cate all the copies wherever they may be 
 found, but the police could not find more than 
 8000 copies three days after the poem was 
 published, out of an issue of 300,000. 
 
 " I worry about this order," says Count 
 Apponyi to Metternich, "this may result in 
 great trouble. However, the government 
 cannot remain idle seeing how the principle of 
 legitimacy will be shaken and the common 
 peace disturbed." 
 
 If the leaders of Austrian and Bourbon 
 politics did not see and know young Napole- 
 on's popularity, why then were they so afraid 
 of tliis poem? 
 
 At the Bourbon Royal Court it was a rule 
 to stifle by all means any remembrance of the 
 name "Napoleon," and now they; lost their 
 calm. 
 
 Portalis, the secretary for foreign affairs, 
 who had to thank Great Napoleon for every-
 
 82 Zhc MwQ of IRome 
 
 thing and who was formerly Napoleon's pro- 
 tege became his enemy, involved Bartlielemy 
 in a law-suit alleging " high treason done by 
 liis poem." He really could not have taken 
 a better way. He hoped to erase Napoleon 
 II. from history forever, but on the contrary 
 he made evei*ybody talk about the famous suit 
 and about Napoleon's son. Portalis instead 
 of attaining his effect raised young Napole- 
 on's popularity higher than was done by any- 
 one else before him. 
 
 The trial of Barthelemy's " crime " was be- 
 gun July 20, 1822. A big crowd entirely 
 filled the Court House and Victor Hugo, the 
 great poet, also Gen. Gourgaud, Napoleon's 
 faithful friend were among the audience. The 
 public's great interest was once more height- 
 ened by the interesting rumor that the 
 defendant would appear before his judge 
 without a lawyer, and would plead his case 
 himself . . . versifying. 
 
 And when Barthelemy was called to the 
 bar, he really versified his apology, and the en- 
 thusiasm reached such a height that no one 
 cared that he was sentenced to a penalty of 
 1000 francs, and to prison for three years, even
 
 En flntercsting poem 83 
 
 it was stated by the big crowd leaving the 
 court room that this sentence raised young 
 Napoleon's name and caused a perpetual re- 
 membrance of his popularit}'-. 
 
 Obenaus's diar\% August 11, 1829, says: 
 " I had a talk with the Prince about Barthe- 
 lemy's poem, and I told him the author had 
 been here and should have liked to see him 
 very much. I have shown the Prince this 
 poem so he may see by what means some peo- 
 ple like to mislead the public mind." On the 
 same page he confesses to have made a " mis- 
 take," speaking to his pupil about the matter, 
 then he says the Prince read this poem and 
 told him with enthusiasm: "Yes, really, the 
 chief object of my life can be nothing else than 
 to become a worthy heir of my father's glory." 
 That was the reason for the great fear caused 
 by Barthelemy's poem. 
 Do you not think so?
 
 Supplements flfl 
 
 8s
 
 SHORT VIEW OF THE GENEALOGY 
 
 OF THE IMPERIAL HOUSE OF 
 
 BONAPARTE 
 
 HE descent of the Bonaparte family 
 goes back many centuries. The his- 
 tory of Italy says this family was a 
 celebrated one during the XIII centurj^ and 
 the history of the ItaHan cities of Florence, 
 Treviso, San Miniato, and Geneva are con- 
 nected with the Bonaparte name. James 
 ("Jacopo") Bonaparte, who in 1527 pub- 
 lished his celebrated historical work entitled 
 Ragguaglio storico de tutto L'accorso par 
 giorno nel sacco di Roma dell anno 1527 was 
 still known as a descendant of the old nobility. 
 Later another Bonaparte, Nicholas ("Nic- 
 olo"), the author of a play, La vidova, was 
 called to fill a chair in the university of San 
 Miniato, and was a nobleman of high descent. 
 The Bonaparte family became divided into 
 different branches and one of them settled 
 
 87
 
 88 Zbc Iklno of IRomc 
 
 during the XVI century in Ajaccio, the Capi- 
 tal of the Isle of Corsica, there many of them 
 held high social and political positions (Cit- 
 tadini, Fadri del Commune). The proper 
 institutors of the Ajaccio Branch of Bona- 
 parte's were Napoleon (" Nabulione di Buon- 
 aparte"), the Emperor's grandfather, and 
 Lucian, uncle of Great Napoleon, later Car- 
 dinal of Paris. The following list shows the 
 generations of the Imperial family of the 
 Bonapartes :
 
 IBonapartc 6cncaIog^ 89 
 
 Nabulione di BUONAPARTE 
 
 Carlo Bonaparte 
 Born Ajaccio, Mar. 29, 1746,— died MontpelUer Feb. 24, 1786. 
 (Mary Letizia di Raraolino, of Saracen, North African, de- 
 scent, born Ajaccio Aug. 24, 1750, died Rome Feb. 3, 1836.) 
 
 I.) Joseph (Mary Juha Clary). 
 II.) Napoleon (1. Josephine Tascher). 
 (2. Marie Louise of Austria.) 
 
 III.) Jerome (1. Elizabeth Patterson). 
 
 (2. Catharinaof Wuerttemberg. ) 
 IV.) Lucien (1. Christine Boyer). 
 
 (2. Laurencia Bleschamp.) 
 V.) Mary Anna Elizabeth (Paschalis di Bacciocchi). 
 VI.) Louis (Hortensia Beauharnais). 
 VII.) Pauline Carohne Mary (1. Leclerc). 
 
 (2. Camillo Borghese.) 
 Vni.) Carolina Mary Annunziata (Joachime Murat).
 
 90 Zhc Iking of IRomc 
 
 I.) Joseph, 
 
 King of Spain. 
 Born Corte, Jan. 1, 1768,— died Florence, July 24, 1844. 
 (Mary Julia Clary, born Marseille, Dec. 27, 1777,— died Flor- 
 ence, Apr. 7, 1845.) 
 
 1. Charlotte Zenaide, 
 
 July 6, 1801— July 8, 1845. 
 
 (Prince Lucien Charles Bonaparte.) 
 
 2. Charlotte, 
 Oct. 31, 1803— Mar. 9, 1839. 
 (Louis Napoleon, Duke of Bergen.)
 
 "Madamk Mkkk 
 Letizia di Ramolino 
 Young Napoleon's Grandmother
 
 :Bonaparte 6cncalOG\> 9^ 
 
 II.) Napoleon I, 
 Emperor of France, King of Italy, etc. 
 Bom Ajaccio, Aug. 15, 1769,— died St. Helena, May 5, 1831. 
 (1. Josephine Tascher de la Pagerie, widow of Marquis Stephen 
 
 de Beauharnais.) 
 (2. Marie Louise, Archduchess of Austria, daughter of Empe- 
 ror Francis II.) 
 
 Napoleon II, 
 
 King of Rome, 
 
 Prince of Parma, 
 
 Duke of Reichstadt. 
 
 Born Paris, March 20, 1811, — died Schoenbrunn, July 22, 1833.
 
 92 
 
 Zhc Mm ot IRome 
 
 III.) Jerome, 
 
 King of Westphalia, 
 
 Count of Montfort. 
 
 Born Ajaccio, Nov. 15, 1773,— died Apr. 4, 1860. 
 
 (1. Elizabeth Patterson, Baltimore, Maryland, 
 
 born Dec. 27, 1803,— died April 9, 1879.) 
 
 Jerome Napoleon, Camberwell, England, 
 
 Born July 7, 1805, — died Baltimore, June 17, 1870. 
 
 (Susan Mary Williams, Baltimore, Nov. 3, 1829.) 
 
 1. Jerome Napoleon. 
 Born Nov. 5, 1830,— 
 died Sept. 3, 1893. 
 (Caroline Le Roy (Appleton) 
 Edgar, Sept. 7, 1871.) 
 
 2. Charles Joseph, 
 
 Attorney-Gen. of U. S. . 
 
 Born June 9, 1851. 
 
 (Ellen Channing Day, 
 
 Sept. 1,1875.) 
 
 1. Louise Eugenie, 
 Born Feb. 7, 1873. 
 (Adam, Count Moltke- 
 Huitfeldt, Dec. 30, 1896.) 
 
 2. Jerome Napoleon 
 
 Charles, 
 Born Feb. 26, 1878.
 
 HOiN. CHARI.es J. BONAI'AR'IE 
 
 Attorney-General of the United States
 
 3Bonapartc (Bencalog^ 
 
 93 
 
 m.) Jerome 
 (see page 93). 
 (2. Catherine, Princess of Wuerttemberg, Dec. 1, 1807.) 
 
 Napoleon Je- 
 rome Charles, 
 Count of Mont- 
 fort, Bom Graz 
 (Austria) Aug. 
 14, 1814. Died 
 May 25, 1874. 
 
 2. Matliilde Leti- 
 cia WUlielmina, 
 born May 27, 
 1820,— died Par- 
 is, 1903. (Ana- 
 tole, Duke Dem- 
 idow.) 
 
 3. Napoleon Joseph 
 Charles, "Prince 
 Napoleon, Plon 
 Plon." Born 
 Trieste (Austria), 
 Sept. 9, 1822,— 
 died Mar. 8,1891. 
 (G 1 o t h 11 d e, 
 daughter of Vit- 
 torio Emmanu- 
 ele, King of Sar- 
 dina.) 
 
 Napoleon Vic- 
 tor, bom July 
 19, 1862. 
 
 Louis, Gen. in 
 the Russian 
 Army. Born 
 June 16, 1864. 
 
 3. Mary Leticia, 
 bom Dec. 20, 
 1866. (Amadeo, 
 Duke of Aosta.
 
 94 ^be Iking of IRome 
 
 rV. ) L u c i e n , 
 
 Duke of Canino. 
 
 Bom Ajaccio, May 21, 1775, — died Viterbo, Apr. 30, 1840. 
 
 (1. Christina Boyer, died May 14, 1821.) 
 
 1. Caroline, born May 13, 1776, — died Rome, May 6, 1865. 
 
 (1. Mario, Duke Gabrielli.) 
 (2. Cettino Centamori.) 
 
 2. Christina Egypte, born Oct. 19, 1798,— died May 18, 1847. 
 
 (1. Ai-ved, Count Posse.) 
 (2. Lord Dudley.) 
 
 3. Leticia, born Dec. 1, 1804, — died March 1, 1871. 
 
 (Thomas Wyse.) 
 
 1. Marie Louise, 2. Thekla. 
 
 born Apr. 25, 1832. (Francis Tiirr, Hungarian, 
 
 (1 . Solms.) former Gen. in Garibaldi's army.) 
 
 (2. Ratazzi. 
 
 (Rute.) 
 
 4. Johanna, born July 22, 1806,— died 1826. 
 
 (Marchese di Honorati.) 
 
 5. Paul, 1808-1827. 
 
 6. Louis Lucien, bora Thorngrove, Jan. 1, 1813, — died Fano, 
 
 Nov. 3, 1891. 
 
 7. Peter, " The Black Prince, born Oct. 11, 1815,— died Ver- 
 
 sailles, Apr. 7, 1881. 
 
 1. Roland, May 19, 1858. 2. Johanna. 
 
 (Marquis de Villeneuve.) 
 
 8. Anton, bora Frascati, Oct. 31, 1816,— died Florence, 1877. 
 
 (IMary Anna Cardinalli.) 
 
 9. Alexandrine Mary, born Oct. 12, 1818,^-died Perugia, 
 
 Aug. 26, 1874. 
 (Vincenzio Valentini, Count of Canino.) 
 10. Constancia, born Jan. 30, 1821,— died Sept. 6, 1876.
 
 Ills liiri'.KiAL Highness Pki.nce Napolkon Victur
 
 Bonaparte (Bencaloo^ 95 
 
 rv,) L u c i e n 
 
 (see page 94). 
 
 (2. Laurencia Alexandrine Bleschamp, bora 1778, — died Sina- 
 
 gaglia, July 12, 1855.) 
 
 Charles Lucien Julius, Prince of Canino and Musignano, 
 
 born Paris, May 24, 1803,— died July 29, 1857. 
 (Charlotte Zenaide, daughter of King Joseph of Spain.) 
 
 1. Joseph, Prince of Musignano, born Philadelphia, Sept. 13, 
 
 1824,— died Rome, Sept. 2, 1865. 
 
 2. Lucien, Cardinal, born Nov. 25, 1828, — died Rome, 1868. 
 
 3. Napoleon Charles, bom Feb. 15, 1839. 
 
 (Christine Ruspoli.) 
 
 4. Julia, 1830. 
 
 (Alessandro, Marchese di Gallo.) 
 
 5. Carolina, born Mar. 4, 1832. 
 
 (Peter Primoli.) 
 
 6. Mary, born Mar. 18, 1835. 
 
 (Paolo, Conte di Campbello.) 
 
 7. Augusta, born Nov. 9, 1836. 
 
 (Placidio, Duca di Gabrielli.) 
 
 8. Bathilda, born Nov. 26, 1840. 
 
 (Count Cambaceres.)
 
 96 ^be Iking of IRome 
 
 v.) Mary Anna Elizabeth, 
 born Ajaccio, Apr, 3, 1777, — died Trieste, 1820. 
 (Pascalis, Duca di Baceiocchi.) 
 
 1. Napoleona Eliza, 3. Napoleon Frederick 
 
 bom June 3, 1806,-died 1825. 1814-1833. 
 
 (Count Camerata.) 
 
 Napoleon, 
 
 Count Camerata, 
 
 Died 1853.
 
 Bonaparte (Benealog^ 
 
 97 
 
 VI.) Louis, 
 
 King of Holland, 
 
 born Ajaccio, Nov, 2, 1778, — died Livorao, July 25, 1846. 
 
 (Hortensia Beauharnais, Napoleon I.'s step-daughter.) 
 
 1. Napoleon Louis 
 Charles, born 
 Oct. 19, 1802,— 
 died Mar. 5, 1807. 
 
 2. Charles Louis 
 
 Napoleon, 
 
 Duke of Bergen, 
 
 Crown-Prince 
 
 of Holland, 
 
 born Oct. 11, 1804, 
 
 died 1831. 
 
 3. Napoleon III., 
 Emperor of France, 
 
 died 1873. 
 
 (Eugenie, Countess 
 
 Monti jo, Spain.) 
 
 Napoleon IV., 
 
 " Prince Lulu," 
 
 died 1879.
 
 98 Zhc Mm of IRome 
 
 VII.) Pauline Mary Caroline, 
 
 Born Ajaccio, Apr. 22, 1780, — died Florence June 9, 1825. 
 
 (1. Gen. Leclerc.) 
 
 (3. Camillo, Duca di Borghese.)
 
 II. I. iM. The E.mi'Kess Eugenie
 
 Bonaparte Genealogy 
 
 99 
 
 VIII.) Carolina Mary Annunziata, 
 born Ajaccio, Mar. 26, 1782,— died Florence, May 18, 1839. 
 (Joachim Marat, Imperial Prince of France, King of Naples, 
 shot by order of the King of France, Vincennes, Oct. 13, 
 1813.) 
 
 1. Achilles, 
 Prince Mu- 
 r a t, boi"n 
 Jan.21,1801, 
 — died Apr. 
 15, 1847. 
 
 2. Leticia 
 
 Josepliine, 
 
 Princess 
 
 Murat(1802- 
 
 1859.) 
 
 (Marchese 
 
 Pepoli.) 
 
 3. Lucien 
 
 Charles, 
 
 Prince Mu- 
 
 rat, born 
 
 May 6, 1803, 
 
 — died Apr. 
 
 10, 1878. 
 
 (Georgina 
 
 Frazer.) 
 
 4. Louise 
 
 Julia 
 
 Caroline, 
 
 Princess 
 
 Murat, 
 
 1805-1889. 
 
 (Count 
 Rasponi.) 
 
 1. Carolina 2. Joseph 3. Anna 4. Achilles 5. Louis 
 Leticia, Joachim, Feb. 3, Napoleon, Napoleon, 
 Princess Prince 1848, — Prince Prince 
 
 Murat. Murat. (Anton Murat, Murat, 
 
 (Mr. Char- July 21, Count Jan. 2, 1847. Dec. 22, 1851. 
 
 rison.) 1834. Noailles.) (Dadiana, 
 
 Duchess 
 
 of 
 
 Mingrelia.)
 
 EX-EMPRESS EUGENIE AND THE 
 
 EMPEROR-KING FRANCISJ 
 
 JOSEPH 
 
 ^HE widow of Napoleon III. wHo in 
 her day was so celebrated for her 
 beauty, made a journey to Ischl, 
 Austria, in August, 1906. She wished to see 
 the old IVIonarch of the Austro-Hungarian 
 Empire, Francis Joseph, before her death, in 
 order to thank him for the many kindnesses he 
 had manifested in her behalf. 
 
 Countess Clementine Castelnau, a confi- 
 dante of the Empress, tells us some very in- 
 teresting and charming details of this visit. 
 Francis Joseph always showed deep respect 
 and warm sympathy for the Empress, and 
 through his chivalrous manners he took every 
 opportunity to display this relation. It was 
 for the many courteous attentions paid her 
 that she went to thank the Monarch, and she 
 did not go with empty hands to the favorite
 
 His Imperial and Royal Majesty 
 
 Franz Josek I. 
 Emperor of Austria, King of Hungary
 
 i£ug^nie anb jfrand^ 3o5cpb loi 
 
 summer residence of Francis Joseph. She 
 offered her great benefactor some very pre- 
 cious furniture once possessed by the French 
 King Louis XIV., several beautiful gobelins, 
 and the gold watch of her late husband, Na- 
 poleon III. Francis Joseph did not accept 
 the presents, because he did not wish to de- 
 prive the Empress of these relics, undoubtedly 
 so dear to her heart. How tactful the JNIon- 
 arch was in solving this delicate question is 
 proved by the fact that the Empress after the 
 visit turned with these words to Countess 
 Castelnau: " Je suis hereuse," ("I am 
 happy"), a sentiment, she had not expressed 
 for a long time. 
 
 Since her glory had passed away Empress 
 Eugenie cherished the memory of but one 
 man, that was Emperor Francis Joseph. She 
 herself related the following in connection 
 with the memorable meeting with him: "His 
 Majesty, the Emperor, possesses the kindest 
 and noblest soul; his kindness is wonderful. 
 It is not surprising then that they call him the 
 ' chivalrous INIonarch.' When he bent down 
 to kiss my hand, when he addressed me, and 
 softly called me * Majeste,' my whole past,
 
 I02 Zbc Mm of IRomc 
 
 with all its sad memory deserted my much bur- 
 dened soul, and for a few minutes I imagined 
 myself the real Empress of France. His im- 
 pressive carriage, his voice and manners de- 
 monstrated that his royal personality rests 
 upon a royal appearance. He, I am sure, re- 
 tained the lost throne in his heart for me." 
 
 From Countess Castelnau we learn how ex- 
 cited the Empress was before the meeting. 
 As her train drew into the Ischl station she 
 hastened to the window and anxiously looked 
 for the IMonarch. She sighed sadly as she 
 noticed him. 
 
 "II porte la Legion d'Honneur," ("He 
 wears the cross of the Legion of Honor"). 
 The first impression was very painful because 
 both, Eugenie and her escorts, believed the 
 Emperor was wearing the cross given him by 
 the former President of the French Republic, 
 ^IcMahon, well knowing he received it from 
 this President too. 
 
 They did not know the soul of Francis 
 Joseph. 
 
 The joy was so much the greater when later 
 they found out that out of special courtesy 
 the Monarch wore the cross on this occasion,
 
 lEuG^nle anb ifrancis 3o0cpb 103 
 
 which he had received from Napoleon III. 
 
 What memories took possession of Francis 
 Joseph as he stood opposite the ex-Empress 
 then 80 years old? 
 
 Francis Joseph at this meeting again gave 
 evidence of his noble manner of thinking, 
 which certain people like to question, but which 
 he gave so many proofs of, that no statements, 
 however much they misrepresent, cannot erase 
 from liistory.
 
 Supplements IFIFIT 
 
 105
 
 PRESIDENT MADISON AND 
 NAPOLEON I. 
 
 HE mutual high estimation of Presi- 
 dent James Madison and Emperor 
 Napoleon I., also the sympathy of 
 both nations, the French and American, is 
 showTi by the circumstance that the Emperor 
 notified the President of the birth of Princess 
 Josephine Beauharnais, daughter of Eugen 
 Beauharnais, Napoleon's stepson. It may be 
 of much interest to know the answer given by 
 President Madison to the Great Emperor. 
 
 " James Madison, President of the United 
 States of America. 
 
 *'• To our Great and Good Friend His Imp- 
 erial and Roj^al Majesty the Emperor of the 
 French, King of Italy and Protector of the 
 Confederation of the Rhine. 
 " I have just received Your Imperial 
 
 :Majesty's letter of the 29th of March, 1807, 
 
 107
 
 io8 Zhc Mm of IRome 
 
 communicating the intelligence that the Prin- 
 cess Eugenie Napoleona, Vice Queen of Italy, 
 was happily delivered on the 14th of that 
 month of a Princess who has received the name 
 of Josephine. 
 
 " The friendly interest which the United 
 States take in an event so conducive to the 
 happiness of your Majestj^ and your Imperial 
 Family requires that I should not delay a 
 tender of their congratulation, with assurance 
 of our esteem and friendship. And I pray 
 God to have you Great and Good Friend in 
 his holy keeping. 
 
 "Written at the City of Washington, the 
 Seventeenth day of March, 1809. 
 " Your Good Friend, 
 
 "Signed: James MadisoN". 
 " By the President, 
 
 " N. Smith, Secretary of State."
 
 President Madison
 
 EXPLANATORY REMARKS 
 
 DIETRICHSTEIN, Maurice Joseph, 
 Count, born Vienna, August 27, 1775, died 
 February 19, 1864. During the Vienna Con- 
 gress he was attached to the King of Den- 
 mark. After he entered the Austrian mihtary 
 service at the battle at Naples (1798) he to- 
 gether with his commander-in-chief. Gen. 
 Mack, fell into a French war-prison. He was 
 a highly educated man, a " literary gentle- 
 man," and intimate friend of the great musi- 
 cian, Beethoven. From 1815 to 1830 he was 
 young Napoleon's tutor; later he was ap- 
 pointed Intendant General of the Vienna 
 Imperial theatre and director of the Habsbur- 
 gian family library. The family Dietrichstein 
 went out with the General's son, Joseph 
 Maurice, 1852. 
 
 " L'AIGLON." Edmonde Rostand, the fa- 
 mous French poet, made his name with his 
 beautiful poem entitled UAiglon, memor- 
 
 log
 
 no Zbc MwQ of IRome 
 
 able forever. It is a versified drama, one of the 
 most fascinating plays ever placed upon the 
 stage. But no poetical work can be criticized 
 in view of historical truth. Rostand's drama 
 takes undoubtedly the first rank among the 
 many works which show us historically promi- 
 nent persons on the stage. UAiglon was 
 one of the most remarkable literary and thea- 
 trical successes of recent times, and it is re- 
 markable this drama was played in the United 
 States many times. In 1901 Madame Sarah 
 Bernhardt, the famous French actress, came 
 to America where she played the title role and 
 it was a great success. But a greater success 
 was even made by Miss Maude Adams, the 
 Re jane of America, who plaj^d it at the 
 same time. As UAiglon she showed the 
 world she was really worthy to be put in par- 
 allel with Madame Rejane. She afterward 
 played this part two hundred and sixteen 
 times, and showed the public how an American 
 actress can interpret a French author which 
 proves really a high art. 
 
 METTERNICH, Winneburg, Clemens 
 Lothar, Duke. Austrian Chancellor, born
 
 lExplanatorp 1Remarf?0 
 
 III 
 
 Koblenz, Bohemia, Ma}^ 15, 1773, died Vienna, 
 January 11, 1859. 
 
 NEIPPERG, Adam Albert, Count. 
 Austrian General, son of William Neipperg, 
 born April 8, 1775, died February 22, 1829. 
 At the historical Vienna Congress he was 
 Marie Louise's " charge d'affairs," then in 
 1815, Governor of Parma. In 1821 he mar- 
 ried Marie Louise, and their son, William, 
 became the progenitor of the Austrian Monte- 
 nuovo Ducal family. Marie Louise later, 
 after Neipperg's death, had another relation, 
 this Avith Count Bombelles, then she had a 
 third one with the Austrian Cavalry officer 
 Baron Werklein. Her daughter by Werk- 
 lein. Baroness Ida Werklein, was educated at 
 the Pressburgian (Hungary) Ursulines' con- 
 vent, where she was one time visited by her 
 mother, who came in the incognito of " Count- 
 ess Almasy," to see her child. Baroness Bibra- 
 Gleicherwiesen (Budapest, Hungary), is the 
 only scholar still living who played many 
 times with the little Baroness Werklein, and 
 who saw Marie Louise during her mentioned 
 Pressburg journey.
 
 112 Zbe Mm of IRome 
 
 PARINIA, formerly an independent Duke- 
 dom, since 1860 connected with Italy. Pope 
 Julius II., 1813, separated the cities Parma 
 and Piacenza from the Dukedom of INIilan; 
 later they were given hy Pope Paul III., 
 1545, as an independent Dukedom to Luigi 
 Farnese, the ancestor of the Farnese Ducal 
 family. Two years later this Dukedom came 
 under the supremacy of Spain, but Pope Jul- 
 ius III., 1550, got it back again for the 
 Farnese family who possessed it until Duke 
 Antonio Farnese's death, in 1731, who was 
 the last of this family. Charles VI., Em- 
 peror of Germany, took possession of it later. 
 In 1796 Parma was conquered by France, and 
 1814 INIarie Louise w^as appointed by her 
 father Duchess of Parma with rights of a Sov- 
 ereign. 1847, Philipe, Prince of Spain, had 
 the Parma throne, but he was forced by the 
 revolution, 1848, to flee therefrom. The last 
 historical event of this Dukedom, it was con- 
 quered by Vittorio Emmanuele, King of 
 Sardinia. 
 
 PROKESCH-OSTEN, Anton, Count, 
 born Graz, Austria, December 10, 1795; died
 
 lEipIanator^ 1Rcmai1^6 113 
 
 Vienna, October 26, 1876. 1815 he was ad- 
 jutant of the great Austrian General, Arch- 
 duke Charles ; then he was appointed professor 
 at the Olmutz (Austria) mihtary school, and 
 at last he was adjutant of another celebrated 
 Austrian General, Prince Schwarzenberg. He 
 was acquainted with young Napoleon dur- 
 ing this last employment in Vienna. June 
 22, 183.5, he received a command from the 
 Emperor Francis II. to a Court dinner, on 
 which occasion he was set at the left of 
 " Franz," who immediately after dinner, shak- 
 ing hands with him addressed him as follows: 
 " I have liked j'-ou for a long time and I will 
 never forget you fought for my father's honor 
 at a time when everybody caluminated him. 
 I have read your book about the battle of 
 Waterloo thoroughly and with the greatest 
 interest, and have it translated into the French 
 and Italian languages." Count Prokesch, in 
 1848, was appointed General in the Austrian 
 Army, later Ambassador to Constantinople. 
 He was a famous historiographer. 
 
 REICHSTADT (Zakupy), a town in the 
 Iveipa precinct of Bohemia, with an Imperial
 
 114 ^bc Iking of 1Romc 
 
 palace, built 1573, of 300 rooms, which origin- 
 ally belonged to the Bavarian Electorate. 
 This property was given 1805 to Fernando, 
 Duke of Toscana, then, later, in 1819, Em- 
 peror Francis II. gave its title, but only the 
 title to his grandchild, Napoleon II. 
 
 SCHOENBRUNN (XII precinct " Heit- 
 zing," of the Austrian Capital, Vienna, the 
 celebrated Imperial palace, finished 1750 by 
 the famous Italian architect Valmagnini. This 
 palace has 1441 rooms, among them the " blue 
 cabinet" is the most famous: it was Marie 
 Therese's favorite room in which stood Napo- 
 leon I. during his journey to Vienna, 1809, 
 and here died L'Aiglon, Napoleon II. This 
 palace has a pretty theatre and the Court 
 Chapel contains many precious relics and pict- 
 ures by Guglielmi and Hamilton. A splen- 
 did park of about two miles surrounds this 
 palace. 
 
 i
 
 LIST OF HISTORICAL WORKS 
 
 USED IN WRITING THIS 
 
 BOOK 
 
 L. WERTHEIMER: Der Herzog von 
 Reichstadt, pp. 45, 316, 372. 
 
 HELFERT: Marie Louise, p. 195. 
 
 WEIDJMANN: Moriz Graf von Dietrich- 
 stein, sein Leben und Wirken, aus seinen hin- 
 terlassenen Papieren dargestellt. 
 
 MONTBEL: Le roi de Rome; La legende 
 et Vhistoire. 
 
 L. OBENAUS: Diary, property of the 
 Austrian Colonel Baron Oscar Obenaus. 
 
 TREITSCHKE: Historisclie und poli- 
 tische Aufsaetze, vol. iii., p. 157. 
 
 COUNT PROKESCH-OSTEN: Mein 
 Verhaeltnis zum Herzog von Reichstadt, p. 
 41 ; Schreiben an und iiber den Herzog von 
 Reichstadt. 
 
 " CORRESPOND ANCE DE NAPO- 
 LEON," vol. xxviii, p. 133. 
 
 115
 
 ii6 ^be MwQ of IRomc 
 
 Le due de Reichstadt, {Nouvelle Itevue, 
 1897.) 
 
 Comment est mort le due de ReicJistadt 
 {Gazette des Hospitaux, INIarch, 1900.) 
 
 Le due de lieichstadt (Annates de Vecole 
 lihre des sciences poUtiqiies, ]May, 1896.) 
 
 HALLWICH: Mittheilungen, pp. 36, 68. 
 
 SCHLITTER: Die Stellung der Oester- 
 reichischen Regierung, (Archiv filr osterrei- 
 cliisclie Geschiclite^ vol. Ixxx, p. 122. 
 
 FREDRICK MASSON: UAiglon et 
 la Comtesse Camerata (Revue de Paris, April 
 and June, 1900, pp. 588, 651, 888. 
 
 BERANGER: Chansons, vol. ii, p. 235; 
 Memoir es couronnees publics par V Academie 
 Royal de Bclgique, vol. viii, p. 25. 
 
 VIEL-CASTEL: Histoire de la Restau- 
 ration, vol. xix, p. 571. 
 
 SCHMITT: ZeitgenossiscJie Geschichte, 
 p. 187.
 
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