859 
 
 I't'lllUliAi, HU film 111' 1 !>!>?( MKXIflfl 
 
 IXAHUiRAL ADDRESS 
 
 HON.\V. G. RITCH, PRESIDENT, 
 
 DELIVERED rfEFORE THE SOCIETY. FEBRUARY 2 i 1881, 
 AT 'THE PALACE." SANTA FE. N M 
 
 Ch r, Constitution, and 
 By-La \vs. 
 
University of California Berkeley 
 
HISTORICAL SOCIETY 
 
 NEW MEXICO. 
 
 INAUGURAL ADDRESS 
 
 HON. W. G. RITCH, PRESIDENT, 
 
 Delivered before the Society, Feb. 21, 1881, 
 at "The Palace," 
 
 ,. _ 
 
 SANTA FV N F:\V tyEexico. ^ 
 
 ' 
 
 xico. i 
 / / * 
 
 : "- 
 
 C(i\STrnrnoN & BY-LAWS. 
 
 IGANIZED L.l [SHED DE< 
 
 - I \ i I 
 \N BOOK A 
 
^ 
 
 , 
 
 Historical Society of New Mexico, 
 
 (RE-ORGANIZED.) 
 
 OFFICERS. 
 
 HON. WM. G. RITCH, 
 
 HON. L. BRADFORD PRINCE, 
 
 DAVID J. MILLER, 
 
 WM. M. BERGER, 
 
 LEU M AN SPI EG ELIJERG 
 
 J. A. PIERCE, - 
 
 - PRESIDENT. 
 VICE PRESIDENT. 
 
 - CORRESPONDING SECRETARY 
 RECORDING SECRETARY. 
 
 - TREASCREU. 
 CURATOR. 
 
 OFFICERS, ORGANIZATION 1839. 
 
 COL. JOHN B. GRAYSON, 
 WILLIAM A. STREET, 
 WM. J. SLOAN, 
 D. V. WHITING, 
 WINSLOW J. HOWARD, 
 
 - PRESIDENT 
 VICE PRESIDENT. 
 
 - CORRESPONDING SECRETARY. 
 REC. SECRETARY & TREASURER. 
 CURATOR & LIBRARIAN. 
 
LI It Iv A 1, 
 ; i v KKS IT Y <>K 
 CALIF" v. 
 
 ^fcafc 
 
 lM0tnrirnl fimrtij of lietu 
 
 INAUGURAL ADDRESS 
 
 OF 
 
 HON. W. G. RITCH, President, 
 
 DEMVERED BEFORE THE SOCIETY AT "THE PALACE, 
 FEBRUARY 21, 1881. 
 
 Members of the Historical Society: 
 
 In compliance with n request from you, my colleague.-, o! tin- Hi - 
 loriral Society of New Mexico, t appear before you this evening to 
 talk with you in the interest of tin* society, and to make such suyj:e>- 
 tions, appropriate to the occasion, as I have been able to prepare 
 amid pressing ollicial duties. 
 
 I'IKST (,'<; AN I/ A I ION. 
 
 On the laM Monday in December, 1859, a number of .uent lemon res- 
 ident in New Mexico formed an association called The Historical So- 
 ciety of New Mexico. This much we learn from the book of coi- 
 ro*pOtldeitc of that soeiety. over the signature of \Y\i\. J. Sloan, the 
 lii>t <-orrev|)oiidinLi secretary. We 'earn further from the same 
 MMiive. that the soeiety was formally oru'ani/el by the adoption of a 
 oust itntion. and the election of otliecr-. and an addres- delivLM'cd by 
 the Hon. Kirby licuedict. then chief justice of the Territory. Other 
 addrev-p^ \\crc -iil>-ei|iient ly delivered belore the -ociety by the Uev. 
 Samuel (Airman, (iovenmr Win. dilpin <t Colorado, and Colonel 
 John 11. <.rav>on. the tir-i |>n><idrut of tln> -ociet\. The >ocii-t\ 
 then occupied room* when- the convent of t he Si>ter* of Charity i> 
 now located, and where it remained until overtaken by the rclcntlo* 
 distr;ictiun> and \\ reck of the war of the rebellion. The inloro-t ta- 
 kon in the soricly by the people of New Mexieu. \\ a- attested duriii!; 
 
the few years of its existence, in a large and well arranged collection 
 of curiosities, specimens and documents, and a considerable number 
 of books, pamphlets and written contributions. The officers and 
 members of the society, necessarily absorbed in the imperative duties 
 of the troublous times, and, there being' no responsible guardian to 
 care for the^e valuable collections, they soon became scattered, and the 
 remnants were finally sold to liquidate the indebtedness. Thus was 
 closed out a fine collection gathered during three years of commend- 
 able success. It is well to remark here for the information of mem- 
 bers and others interested, that many of the contributions formerly 
 made to the society arc still in existence. A tew have already been 
 discovered to the reorganized society ; others undoubtedly will be. 
 This work of recovery can be greatly facilitated by a little well-di- 
 rected effort among the members generally. 
 
 THE RE-ESTABLISHMENT. 
 
 On the 21st anniversary of the organization of the society, effected 
 as stated, and pursuant to a published call signed by David J. Mil- 
 ler and Louis Felscnthal, members of the old society, and by others, 
 for the 'purpose, there assembled at the office of the secretary of the 
 Territory another "number of gentlemen," for the purpose of re- 
 organizing or re-establishing the Historical Society of New Mexico. 
 With the result of that meeting you are all more or less familiar. 
 Under slight modifications of the constitution of the old society, and 
 on the anniversary before stated, to-wit: the last Monday in December, 
 1880, was established the society here assembled this evening. 
 
 ANNIVERSARY ASSOCIATIONS. 
 
 As if to give the society additional character by anniversary ussu 
 ciation, it is worthy of note that the year 1880 dates the triennial of 
 the first explorations of Espejo in Astzlan, as the country to the north 
 of Mexico was then known. 
 
 1880 likewise dates the second centennial of the opening of the four- 
 teen years struggle at Santa Fc, by the Pueblo or Village Indians for 
 discnthralment from their imperious task masters, and the final es- 
 tablishment of their freedom from serfdom in the mines. 
 
 In addition to these comes the most important of all associations, 
 when considered in the light of results certain to follow. I, of course, 
 refer to the opening of railway communication with Santa Fc and with 
 the Territory generally. From the year 1880 dates the advent of the 
 railroad into the valley of the Rio Grande from thence communica- 
 ting through the cardinal points with tlie world. Manifestly, it is an 
 e.vent to be fraught, with the grandest results ever yet known to 
 this most ancient and historical land. 
 
 DISTINGUISHED V1.S1TOKS. 
 
 Already the effect is eminently apparent in the character [of tin 
 people who have become interested in New Mexico: and in no sense 
 
morn notably -o. than in commandinga special visit from ex-presi- 
 dent (iiant and tainily in -Juno last; and also a visit from President 
 . \\illi his family and parly, in October follow in,u. The < Imin 
 pf time Wollld llni- -ecm to annnr well. It u ; - <|ii i I ' opportune as 
 e-lahlMiinu an or-aiii/al ion basing for not tin-Ira.-! o| iu object -, 
 tin- reco\ery and prc-er\ at ion of the very historical fact.s, with which 
 it i - - happih a ociatrd. 
 
 In t lie organic law of tin 1 .society, the second Monday of . : annai \ 
 la-l \\;i-Il\cda- the dale for the annual elect ion of olh'ccrs, and t hex 
 \\ crc accordingly circled. 
 
 THANKS. 
 
 It \\as your pleasure to honorme with an election to the chief oflice 
 of \oiir >or"u-ty. I improve thi> opportunity to express to yon my 
 hi^h appreciation of the honor as an honor worthy of the ambition 
 of any one, especially if lie feels an interest in the history of the Soul h- 
 u<-i. I thank yon for this expression ofyonr Unsolicited sn tirade.-. 
 A^ the be.-t return I can express, I pledge yon an honest pnrpo-e in 
 the execution of the duties involved; always remembering', that, in 
 united etlorl and hearty co-operation, alike among members, comtnit- 
 icc- and ollicers, lies es.-enlial sneee--. 
 
 OP.JECTS OF THE SOfll-TV. 
 
 The object of the society, quoting from the con-lit ntioii. \\a>. and 
 
 "The collection and preservation under its own care and direction 
 ol all historical facts, manuscripts, documents, records and memoirs 
 relating to the history of the Territory: Indian antiquities and enriosi- 
 lie-: grologieal and mineralogical -}iccinien>: geographical maps and 
 information and objects of natural history." The purpose is not to 
 write history under the sanction of the society, but to collect the 
 material for the future historian and antiquarian. 
 
 The basis of Operations thus defined is simple and broad, and 1 be- 
 lieve will admit every legitimate and desirable -nhjeet. I'pon the im- 
 portance of an historical society as a medium of di-covery and pre- 
 -rvation. all in the main will agree. 
 
 < n \ I:AI i 1:1: <i-' i 11 1: WUIJK. 
 
 It nou become- ii~ to . -0,1-ider in -oine degi-ee the i-haractrj- of the 
 work and plan- of operation. 
 
 \\'e do not a- -nine to originate any lieu -\vU-in: nor i- SUCOMfl ihu- 
 dependent. Historical societies in the world of science, arc among 
 Iheolde-l. \Veha\r only to con-nit frceh . and be guided by. the 
 light of the pa-t adopting that finally which shall best prove il-el! 
 adaj'ted to our UCCCSftltiOB, and our tutnre will be a-sured. 
 
 The might) change that ha- heen wrought inthi> ancieiitaiidoi.ee 
 i-olated frontier during the pa-t few mont h-. ha- brought to t!:e front 
 
 \ and vnricd Unties and responsibilities. A thon-and miles of mil- 
 
way planted upon our soil during a brief period, with other thou- 
 sands centering thereon, are awaking the latent possibilities of our 
 rich valleys and pastoral ranges and richer mountains and placers of 
 wealth. The transformation is in some respects magical. 
 
 With the scope now opened to the indomitable energy of the indi- 
 vidual American, the silence and repose which for ages has reigned 
 unbroken in so many places over the remains of ancient population 
 will be lilted. Antiquarians and curiosity hunters are already with 
 ns in considerable force, and collecting and carrying away in wagon 
 loads that which legitimately belongs to the local historical society. 
 Other antiquarians and curiosity hunters are coming in still larger 
 force. Soon, very much will be irretrievably lost to Xew Mexico. 
 This foraging, so to speak, must be looked after and the rights and 
 responsibilities of our home institutions examined into and asserted. 
 With new people coming and to come, new settlements, new mineral 
 developments, and the building of new citie* and towns, and with the 
 inseparable new life and fresh vigor, will inevitably come their oblit- 
 erating cfiects upon the monuments in archaeology and ethnology. 
 Collections in antiquity, and researches, too, of right, should receive 
 attention at once. The opportunity is valuable in proportion as made 
 available in advance of the future. Our abiding hope should be, a.> 
 our manifest duty is, to snatch from oblivion the wonderful evidences 
 of the prehistoric people of theSotithwest. 
 
 DUTY OF THE PEOPLE. 
 
 This hope and this duty belongs to the people of the whole Territo- 
 ry. The pride and iiftcrest to collect and contribute and sustain be- 
 longs to every section of the Territory alike. Every citizen should 
 feel an individual responsibility and become interested in accordance 
 with his opportunities and means. In this manner the society will 
 not only maintain an existence, but will become healthy, robust and 
 prosperous; and an institution in which every citizen might and 
 would feel a just pride and personal interest. 
 
 Smithson, the founder of that grand institution for research and dii- 
 fnsion of scientific knowledge, which bears his name, left the follow- 
 ing sentiment: "The man of science has no country; the world is his 
 country and all men are his countrymen.' 7 The late Professor Henry, 
 the able secretary of the Smithsonian Institute in its early history, 
 embodied the sentiment among the rules of action for its board of re- 
 gents. That this institution, located at the capital of the nation and 
 the center of scientific intelligence has proved a wonderful success, 
 is known and recogni/ed by cverv intelligent citizen of the republic. 
 So let it be with the founding of the Historical Society of New Mex- 
 ico. The Southwest is its world, its tield of operation, and all men 
 in this, its world, should and we believe will become its friend and 
 patron. This, they will the more readily be as they come more an< 
 
more to realm- that, no other, in the whole range ol' in>litutions. 
 forms so important a relation to local education, whether it be socie- 
 ty. commerce or politics. Through it, the resources, apparent nd 
 latent, geography, as well as ancient, and natural history, and antiqui- 
 ties in art, are all made familiar, ami available alike to the practical 
 nnd :est helical. No less in importance is the patriotic effect coming 
 from thorough familiarity with one's country. P>egetting love of 
 country and home through familiarity with its histon , in turn brings 
 love of liberty for the sake of home and country. 
 
 A CRITICAL EXAMINATION INTO THE PAST, 
 
 not only brings clearly to the mind the best methods in human exper- 
 ience, familiarizes man with such experiences as .arc worthy of be- 
 ing adopted and perpetuated among a free people, but likewise, with 
 o<|iial clearness, brings to the mind in all their ugliness and deformi- 
 ty the quicksands' and hidden rocks in the sea of life those methods 
 in political >y>tem<. inconsistent with liberty and happiness those 
 which we. as rational intelligent beings, arc bound to observe, correct 
 and avoid. The old maxim, ''history is philosophy teaching by ex- 
 perience." states the case comprehensively. 
 
 We, the people of New Mexico and the Southwest, mu*t look to 
 these most important matters. No other people look after it for us, 
 nor as we can. Let us, thcrefre. at once adapt ourselves to the times 
 and plant with aggressive perseverance this particular institution of 
 an enlightened people and of the republic: a people and republic with 
 whom every person present this evening, in common with every good 
 citi/en of the Southwest, is proud to be numbered. 
 
 HISTORIC A L SOCIETIES IN TIIK UNITED STATES. 
 
 A lew general remarks with reference to historical societies in the 
 I 'nited Slates, will, we tru>t, be of interest. The parent socielv - 
 tahlMicd in America wa-. "The American Philosophical Socieix." 
 "i":mi/ed at Philadelphia in 171.1, with llenjamin rYanklin as ils ih-i 
 president. This institution is still in existence, and many present 
 this evening, who al tended the Centennial in 1*7(1, probably devoted 
 a half day to it< venerahle collection, so full of inleresl. and of \\ hich 
 th- people of Philadelphia are justly very proud. 
 
 The number of historical societies orga.ni/ed sinceMhe establishment 
 of tin- I'niled Slates government is over !!). The tir<l o|'lhe>e u a- 
 "The Ma--achusrlts IIMorical Society." nrgnni/cil inl71M. Nearly 
 all of these -oriet it- have perpft iia ted their rga ni/at ion to the piv 
 ent time, and thereby afford a remarkable illu-l ration of tenacity for 
 
 fe and stability of purpose in socieiiev 9iipporte<t us fehft 
 
 1\ ai'e, hy pi'i vale cont ribnt ions. These societ ies were ver\ 
 
 ^tarled at an earlv pei-iod in the lijsiory of their particular locnlit ie-. 
 
 The\ generally originated iv 1th the people, attd were establlshwt i'\ 
 fid for the people; hence the\ are broad, far-reaobing and uni\ 
 
not confined to class interests. They have likcAvi.se a special impor- 
 tance above the societies of the world in general, by reason of the 
 character of the free institutions of our country. The history of our 
 land and nation is thus being preserved with a degree of completeness 
 unknown to any other people, the world over. 
 
 In some of the Western States the historical society was among the 
 institutions first to be considered. The society in Minnesota was es- 
 tablished by act of the first Territorial Legislature. Such organi/a- 
 tions thus early are a testimonial to the eminence in civilization to 
 which these communities had attained from their first political exis- 
 tence. It is among these frontier states that societies are furnished 
 with free apartments, and fostered and cared for by free grants ot 
 money from public funds. Thus, the state of Wisconsin contributes 
 annually to its historical society about $7,000, expended in purchas- 
 ing historical works of special merit and in the payment of salaries 
 and expenses. As a consequence, although comparatively young, the 
 Historical Society of Wisconsin to-day ranks among the first societies 
 in the United States. 
 
 From published statistics of these societies, down to 1876, we are 
 enabled to give the following aggregates : Number of members, 27.- 
 244; volumes in libraries, 482,041: pamphlets, including newspaper 
 files, 568,801 ; manuscripts, 88,777, and the volumes of manuscripts 
 1,361; number of printed pages issued by them, principally during the 
 past seven! y-iive years, is equal to more than 300 volumes of o/>() pages 
 each. The collection of antiquarian specimens and curiosities are al- 
 most beyond computation. Incomes are derived chiefly from dues of 
 membership, and range from $15,000 annually, the amount of the in- 
 conic of the Society of California Pioneers, and of the Massachusetts 
 Society respectively, down to nominal sums in a few instances. The 
 value of the lands, edifices and permament funds of the several societies 
 amount in round numbers to $2,000,000. 
 
 These statistics are certainly very substantial proof of the industry, 
 patient devotedness and effectiveness of the work. 'With this show- 
 ing before us and with our vast country only partially developed still 
 before us, one may fairly become lost in speculation and wonder, 
 when estimating the importance and value of the historical society of 
 the future. 
 
 SEAT OF THE SOCIETY. 
 
 Corporally, the Historical Societyof New Mexico, is located at Santa 
 Fe; incidentally, because of its being the capital of the Territory : but 
 really and with manifest propriety because of its being the center 
 of all political, military, ecclesiastic and commercial history, in its 
 field, during the past three centuries. Santn Fe and vicinity, if tradi- 
 tions are to count, likewise 1 has a standing in pre-historie limes. We 
 are all agreed, 1 Ihink, that it may very justly be recorded as af once 
 
thr in,. ' anetallt -md volnminoii- -pei imen wo w 
 
 lti'i-1 ancient Io->il of all Ihe-pccimen- that llecr.-*a ril \ \\ i 1 1 i ollllil.l lid 
 
 iln- attention of the society. 
 
 Tin-; ADOUI-: TAI.A. i: . ONGRJ 
 
 A moM important item thii- included, is the old "Adobe ralace;" 
 I In- I in ii ii- of tin; lonuc-t line of ex cell I ive- knon li to tin I ill I t.'d Male-, 
 where, during all Ihis lime. l;i\\ .- have been enacted and Indian treat ie~ 
 negotiated, and in thi> lonjr pa-t . I'roiu \\ lie nee i in periou- edicts have 
 been promulgated and -cut lorili -cattei'in^ death and trrrorall aixxil 
 Ilie land. \\ r e have thn> ni< ntiniied t his ;nieieiit edilice lor the pMrjuir.' 
 til' callini: atleiiti<n to tin: l'a<-t that the Old I'alacr. unabridged, -honld 
 he made (he permanent -eat of the -nrietv. The old \M\\di\\g should 
 |.e ]ire-er\ c(\, and Urn-. <-oulil he pre-er\ ed. Iloxv hotter pre-er\-e it 
 than hy dedicating i( to thi> purpox-. To thin end, \\eare in duly 
 hound to recommend, a> aiiioiii:' the first duties ol' the peo])le of \r\\ 
 Mexico, and of the country, to ineiiioriali/e ( !rigl'CS8. if net:d be. a-k 
 1'or the MH-ii-ty a charter from Cou^ros'and make it atlirmat ivi-ly na- 
 tional in character by national authority. The >cope of object miiihl 
 I hus be enlarged, a more cx.1 ondetl rejiute. a wider ranu'e of i)alron- 
 and broader field of nsrfnlnr>> could and would thus be assured. A 
 iientleman. to wlmm \\ e made the -nu-e-t ion the other day exclaim- 
 ed: "Why. 1 had no idea of the >o<-iet\ taking in so wide a -cope!" 
 ( 'an any per-on i^'ive a -noil iva-oii \\liy we should not con--'nler it in 
 I hi- liii'lit'' and \\'ith hope* foi- suocessi' 
 
 ( 'oniire->, \\ it hin ihe pa-t fe\\ ye;ir-. ha> eiiua^ed in the e>taldi>h- 
 nien! and i-m-oiirap'nn-nl of national J'ai'ks and ]SIn>iMim>, at the 
 Vo^ciniie and the Yellow>tone. \\i)h i-oii-idci-able annual expendi- 
 tures: and why not enra.ire in a National Mu-eum. or in other word = 
 aNulitMial Historical Society in the Soiit hwe.-t :' u here ihere is an 
 liistorical field of magnitude, ha\ iiiu'a;i historical edifice the sole pro- 
 peri \ of t he I ' n i led Slate- >i iiate in the mo-i ancient hist orieal cen- 
 ter ofthe nation. The precedent-, a- we have noted, is clear in aut hor- 
 i/in.u. The -nhjeci i- abundantly worthy of the -erioii- eon-ideration 
 of the diMin-ui-hcd authority in control, (.ivetolhe -ociel y the 
 pel-main nt control of the 1'alace property, and the rents ihat \\oiild 
 be derived from Surplus room, would at once place the -ociety upon 
 i golf supporting basis, ThU proportion ha- an advantage over MM- 
 I \\ o named in ecuiiomx of c\ )>endit nre: -nrely. Con-re-- could not 
 well alford nc-leciiiiL: to make permanent .-o commendable an in-titu- 
 lion. It -e, in. to me \\orth\ of an ellbrt. We'll nol obtain it mile 
 ih- people try for it. Therefore, we -ay. let'- try. 
 
 \ i -t> i. i;i> i '.- -111:1 x 
 
 I li-ioi ically, the old town Of Santa l-'e. and the Adobe 1'alac.-. ra<-h 
 belong to the COQlltry. They \\ill c'.ii-lit ute a -hrinc. al which MM- 
 ful-ure toiiri-l w 11 tarry, and with -in e\ e '" bit SI 11 CSS, we may remark. 
 
10 
 
 will thus become one ef the special inducements to bring pleasure- 
 seekers crossing the continent by way of Kew Mexico. Emphasize 
 thift fact by making the Old Palace the seat df a National Historical 
 Sooiety. 
 
 Application has already been made for society rooms on the Palace 
 property. We hope for a favorable response. In any event, whether 
 the Washington powers are disposed to favor the society or not, therQ 
 :an be no doubt of the just propriety and just duty of the whole peo- 
 ple interesting themselves in, contributing to, and helping to sustain 
 the Historical Society in the work you have declared for in your fun- 
 damental law. 
 
 Good rooms secured permanently, and the'guarantee which will thus 
 be offered for the safety and care of manuscripts and historical relief 
 will no doubt be appreciated, aud the owners and holders thereof will 
 be glad to deposit in the archives their historical treasures and thus 
 save them from destruction. How many valuable documents the world 
 over, have already perished by reason of the absence of an Historical 
 Society. On the other hand think of the number saved by their exis- 
 tence. No place on this broad continent stands more in need of the 
 fusteriug care ef an Historical Society than this Territory, Send in 
 your names for membership promptly, every body, north, sou I li, cast 
 and west accompanied by the trifling charge for admission, 
 
 COU RESPONDENTS FOR EVEKV LOCALITY. 
 
 When the membership shall have been obtained, there will be one 
 or more suitable persons appointed in every material locality as cor- 
 responding members, whose special duty it will become to gather and 
 receive specimens in nature and art, documents and traditions, old 
 pamphlets and newspaper files; and according as his time and incli- 
 nation shall prompt, to make written contributions with special re- 
 ference to his neighborhood, people and locality. Family, genealogical 
 and precinct histories can be included with the best of results. Too 
 much,, however, must not be expected from the correspondent. Evert 
 member in his locality should show his sympathy and support in good 
 words and material acts. Each member thus has the power to aid 
 and contribute to ;sueees>. 
 
 THE '.XEWSPAPIilC 
 
 i* a moat valuable medium through which to arouse interest and in- 
 cite support, to make known the character and value of the institu- 
 tion, and to 'diffuse knowledge brought out in approved contributions 
 and lectures. These good offices, we have no doubt, will be brought 
 into play, both through solicitations and diffusion, and will be made 
 valuable proportionately to the interest asserted by the people and 
 the demand lor knowledge. The newspaper is a follower of public 
 opinion as well as a leader. The greatest number of copies sold i- 
 the business view. Domestic necessity and current expense? are with 
 

 tin-ill I In- -ainr- realil) a- in other \\:dL- oi 111.-. I IrtWCVer. > < ftrfl 
 t. bi-lieve. ami do believe. that theprc-- >i the Tfri-ih.iv \\ill be in 
 
 ' 
 
 :ds am-e oi (In- people on Ihi- one-lion. N\Y cut on :iin wydyOllbt, th'at 
 itor of every material n<>\\ -pan- <\fl be *\- J 
 
 ih- L-ood \vill of every editor of every material n<>\\ -papn- <\jfl^ be *\- J /, 
 i-mpliiied h. \\.-u. I i he -.M-iei\ in honorable etlori- to cultivate not only 
 it love (in- local hi-ior\ :inil a pride in the object- unl pnrpo.^i^ of /Ue 
 
 - is, IHII likcwi^f in tin; inritinu of a hrnllhv intort^i ainoiiu- ihf 
 peojn 1 *' in making follrct ion.- and rontrihutions; not forget tin< to re- 
 niiinl tln> collector Mini contributor to affonipaiiy ih<' >:ime with tl^ 
 |..-;ilii\. >-itiiiL'> and ^nrroiindings. in short, tho history td'th^ arti- .: 
 
 "iiirilnitiMl. and in tho f-aroiul i)ackin^ and safe transit to tho >oc5o- 
 iv. Ka.-li ne\v>pap<>r. M ithont douhi. will contribute as in oiherstnte>. 
 a copy (' their papor rrgnlarly, and thoreby avail itself of an oppor- 
 tunity to permanently preserve their files for future reference. Here 
 \\ t; \\ill aUi remark that current pamphlets should not be forgotten. 
 h N a -ayinu worthy of remembering that the 'linhhieh of one jfpne- 
 rftiion i^ t lie treasure of another." 
 
 MISDIHBC'TKlt KKKOI5TS I LLUSTK ATKJ). 
 
 NVIiilc touching upon the press we will add a word with roforen,-,- 
 (I n-'vclinu correspondents of newspapers East and elsewhere. It \, 
 \er> rlear to every intelligent observer who has p:i-cd the Blender- 
 tool" period, that these traveling Bohemians nnnually waste a power 
 
 I vital cneriiv in the careless misrepresent at ion< willi which the pub- 
 li.-atioii- they represent an- frcio-hted. There is a suflic.ioncy of ini-- 
 direried eflort thus ignorantly wa<te<l to work wondeis \fere it intel- 
 ii"-nily applied. Xor is this cliarac<eristi<- confined to the lesi=er light* 
 
 f the pre . In illustration: It was only a few years since that a 
 leading Xew York Mnjra/ino, in an article especially dedicated to New 
 Mexi it I in- 'jvoL^raphical locati<.n a- b'ini- ^ourh of the Terri- 
 tory of Arizona. 
 
 Another specimen. \va- an Indian agent, who having cro--cd the 
 plain- liy ^taj^e from the East to Santa IV. iravc form to his re^ivi- 
 lor not taking a more comfortable route and coining by -teamcr to 
 ^anta !'-. l>\ way ot the gulf of Mexico and the Rio (irande. Kvon 
 l.li rerkin-. writinti; over hi- OAVII signature, lor the \ew York Sun, 
 in 1^77, tell- about the facility \\itli which government, forts along 
 it..- \l.-\ican frontier, can be reached b\ -tcamboat- from Ft. l'.li-> 
 
 The oll l*cco- church i- by turns written, a- an A/tec temple de- 
 dieateil to Monte/uma ami the Sun lor unknown generations prior to 
 rlnrnpean iiiimigraiioii--or. that it wa- erected by thc.leuit a cen-. 
 prior lo their pre-ence upon the \Ve-iern continent. 
 
 l.vcrv body at all familiar \\ ilh faet-. well know- th- I'ccn- church 
 
 erected iimlt-r l-'ranci^can diredinn and thai the .le-uii- never 
 
 in New Mexico as an rani/at.ion prior to their dlthVulties with 
 
 the Italian government, only a few years since. Thus we might ex- 
 
12 
 
 tend indefinitely on I'he productions ol these scribblers. It is not too 
 much to say, thai the average correspondent shows in some instances 
 an entire want of knowledge., not only with reference to history and 
 ;.feogTaphy, .but of tlic people, their customs and the products of the 
 country. The recklessness of the enthusiast in representing the agri- 
 cultural possibilities of the Territory unsurpassed, is only equalled by 
 ilie ravines of some unappreciated penny-a-liner, in writing the coun- 
 try down as no better than the sands of Sahara. 
 
 I'HK HISTORIC REMAINS. 
 
 That t his conn try once supported and \vas the home of a race of peo- 
 ple in some respects superior to those found by the iirst European ex- 
 plorers, is a conclusion amply warranted, when the remains of their 
 structures arc considered. Thus, the ruins, including Avails of si out- 
 laid in uniform courses, found in the canons of the Maiicos (Jhaco, and 
 de Chelle and elsewhere, possess merits of superior workmanship 
 over those of a later period, and some of which we can attest from 
 personal observation, \Ve have seen and examined -work that A\a> 
 mechanically correct in construction, being: square in plan, and plumb 
 and level in erection. ( -lift' houses in the same vicinity are st 511 extant, 
 and from their inaccessibility excite wonder ami surprise. Think of 
 a. canon, wall 1,200 feet in height, wherein, at a .point 200 feet in perpen- 
 dicular line from the top. and as many teet in a perpendicular line 
 above the last accessible climbing spot . there is to be found in immense 
 pigeon-bole openings, on a horizontal line, tour clifT houses, one in 
 each of the pigeon-holes. Evidences! ol'aprc historic people are attest - 
 id, among other authorities, in the discoveries reported of Col. Cireen- 
 ivood. in charge of an engineering party, surveying the H5th parallel 
 route in Ist'JT-Gtf wherein he found near the San Francisco mountains, 
 a broken jar. into the hollow of which lava had flown, and the skele- 
 ton of a man encased in the same material. 
 
 Neither history nor tradition, so far as A\ e have discovered, record 
 any volcanic eruption. Another illustration, possibly of still greater 
 antiquity, \va- the finding' of a human skull in 1877, by AV". H. Jackson, 
 of the Harden Survey, in the Chaco canon, located about 100 miles due 
 west of Santa Fe. lie found the skull in a stratum of broken pottery. 
 Hint clipping's and small bones, firmly embedded in a coarse gravelly 
 deposit, fourteen feet below the surface, and exposedbyan arroyo run- 
 ning' very near t he ancient pueblo house, now in ruins, and known as 
 the Pueblo del .Arroyo. The stratum thus exposed so deep, find do \\ 11 
 under the foundation of an old ruin, of course suggests many possibi- 
 lities under arclueological skill. Excavations during' the past few 
 months, of old mines near Abo. revealed another human skeleton, 
 found in a room which had been overwhelmed in an eruption of lava. 
 Traces of ruins, as we are credibly informed, are also found on tlu 
 Xavajo reservation and elsewhere, where the site is overgrown witl 
 
1:: 
 
 i,in-*l live*. Oil.. -r ruin*, ol a m. .re reci-nl date. e\idenll\. an- found 
 iH-.-ir n n>* i or nil of the Pueblo villages of to-day. They were const j^uct- 
 
 .-(I in >ome inslancr* of adoh<>. and in other* of rude stone-work, laid 
 in adobe nmrlar. Many of them arc known t< have been inhabited ai 
 I he time of the Spanish occupation, by ot her 1'neblo tribe* or bands. 
 a- i* *uHicient ly verified in the \\ riling ol' Spanish historian*. The 
 population I hen credited to the count r\. was largely in excess of the 
 prrsriit. and dearly numbered at least double 1 he cut ire population of 
 \e\\ Mr\ir<> to-day. Knin of Ihe cliaraeler ]a*l referred i. are. in- 
 deed, found in nearly every portion of the Territory. Mining shaft* 
 and ruin* ol *mclters, with quantities of sla.u' in the, vicinity, but *cal- 
 ed 10 liiiinan occupancy, prohahly h\ the I'nehlo insurreel ion of lxn. 
 eUfwht-re <le*crihed. and some of them claimed in Indian tradition a* 
 Inivin.ii leen worked by the nativo prior to the Spanih occupation, 
 are n<\\ cninini: (<> li^ht under the irre*isi ilt|<; onward })ro*peetinii' of 
 o'nr day and time. Kuins (d m churches and convents arc also included 
 in I lie discoverie*. 
 
 T I : A I I TI i N - I M, r ST I,' A T I O N S . 
 
 Tr:ulitioii! mu>l have a place, and of which there are many and va- 
 ried, and some of which, ante-date the presence of the Kiiropcan. A 
 few ill illustration : 
 
 The Indian's idea of a I'm ure stale is a habitation beneath a vast un- 
 I. i --i-niind lake, wln-rr melons ami peaches and beaut iful maidons ami 
 h<>r*p* are in never-ending supply for thc^ood. 
 
 The Xufii Indian* liavc an account of the settlement on Old Xuni 
 i"in-*a. (The lallor \\ ill be understood a* an elevated taldcland de- 
 tached from the flanking bltifl'*. dilHcult of acrr.** and st:indini( alone. 
 liUc an i*laml. in the valley of the Xuni river. This mo>a is aboni 
 iu<> mile- in length, a mile wide in place*, and nine hundred led 
 lii.irh.) Old Tedn. Tino. the nestor of this pueblo, relato> in kttifcal 
 *>!emnity. thai I he *ei | lement aro*e in a neeo.*>il\- for placing tliein- 
 *el\-es be\ (nd the reach of the delude. It will be of interest to all <f 
 \nii.niidnnbiedly.io learn that tho tradition prosrrves its parallel 
 \\iih that uiven to us in Sacre<i Writ, and whereby you will learn 
 
 ihiiiLini \ our ance*i or*. The Xnni tradition relates. ho\v ihc 
 
 . n ;ii >|iiril de*i^-natM| t hem a* I he favnn-d people.- i he only people, 
 indeed. *a\ ed from the cU'ed* of that historical tlooil : and that all th- 
 people of earl h im\\ I i v i \\n ', a re descended from t he I ndian* of Xnni 
 llm- lav oie. I. 
 
 Another Iradilinn. a \\riiien record of which is to lie found in 
 -nine of the pueblo*, i* that 1'eco* pueblo \\ a * I he birth place of \|ou 
 U/nnia; thai afh-r by had grown lo man'* -*iai. he *| : .I\\IM| hiin*cll 
 -ed of *npcrnatiiral pn\\e|- ; (hat he. at ; ( ccrf.vri lime, a**ein 
 lai'L-e number (f hi- people and Parted from Nc\\ M"\ico on a 
 l"iiii lr \ *milh. Monte/iima ridin mi ihc b:i.|. ..f an eagle; .md llm 
 
 in .idv me.-, u.i iuh. |..-.,pic. a >,.f lie- star to the tviae men 
 
14 
 
 of the East. Wherever the eagle slopped at night there was planted 
 an Indian pueblo. The sign of arriving at the site of the great city 
 and capital of the A 7. tec nation, was to be the ''alighting of the eagle 
 upon a cactus bush and devouring a serpent/' This event took place 
 when the eagle arrived at the site of the present city of Mexico, then 
 fiist made a city and capital. The legend has been made memorable 
 by the action of the republic of Mexico in adopting the alighting of 
 the eagle, as the design ef the national seal. The same design is like- 
 wise stamped on Mexican coins. The founding of the City of Me\i u 
 is dated 133",. 
 
 SPA N IS H KX PLOR A TlON S. 
 
 The corning; of i he Spanish explorer marks a new era in ihe history 
 of the country. First, we have the remarkable story of Cabeca vte 
 Vae.a, from 1528 to lf>3ti : how he journeyed by water and by land, all 
 the way from Florida, and reciting hardships, misery, shipwreck* 
 and death attending the expedition; of the hair-breadth escapes and 
 expedients of himself and three sole surviving companions, while 
 making their trans-continental passage through a vast wilderness, and 
 an unknown land of wild and hostile Indians. From Yaca we also 
 have the account of village Indians among whom he tarried for a 
 time, enjoying their hospitality. From his description of the people. 
 and from the cross and other religious symbols found by subsequent 
 explorers, it is believed he journeyed I [.rough what is now known a?. 
 New Mexico. Then we have an account of his arrival at Sau Miguel, 
 on the Gulf of California, many thousands of miles overland from 
 whence he started, and his account of the thrilling adventures, and 
 the marvelous country through which he had journeyed for eight 
 eventful years. 
 
 Immediately following the latter comes the expedition of Friar 
 , accompanied by Kstevan, the negro companion of Vaca. The 
 indiscretions of Estevan, at Xniii, resulted in his death, and precipiU 
 ted the return of }fiza, without practical results. 
 
 *f CO RON A DO, lf)40. 
 
 Coronado's memorable expedition followed in K>40, in a mad cha 
 for gold, extending his travels, according to General Simpson's inter- 
 pretation, from the Gulf of California via Zniii and Peco, on to the 
 southern central Nebraska of to-day, far to the northeast. Amoni/- 
 the facts learned from this expedition was the provident stores for 
 future emergencies, made by the Pueblo Indians, amounting to two 
 and three years supply. We also learn of their hospitality toward 
 Coronado and his men. and how it was sometimes reciprocated by 
 treachery. This-expcditiou brought with them sheep, and probably 
 dates their introduction into New Mexico. The expedition, after 
 about two years- .returned disheartened, without financial success and 
 in disgrace. 
 
 
 
 ; 
 
15 
 
 ESPEJO'S EXPEDITIONS. 
 
 The next expeditions of material importance were those of Espejo, 
 coming by way of the Rio Grande valley, forty years later. The first 
 was prompted in humanity and had specially for its object the rescue 
 
 . ra! Franciscan friars, who had ascended the Rio Grande val- 
 ley, and been deserted by their small escort. Espejo's arrival was too 
 Iftti however, to make his errand of mercy available. The several 
 priests hud all been massacred by the Indians. He then visited the 
 country west as far ao Zuni and Moqui and returned to Mexico 
 
 i'l-njueiitly made another expedition covering' nearly the 
 
 : run ml west, and made careful notes of observations. He return- 
 
 ed passing near the Placia mountains, attempted to visit .Santa Fe. 
 
 >-Mf was met by forty thousand Indians, ah \\v. are told, and driven 
 
 He returned to Xacatecas, from whence he came, by way of 
 
 the IVco- ami < 'oncho rivers. The reports of Kspeju were uf much 
 
 to tho-r \v ho subsequently came to New Mexico. 
 
 FIKRT SKTTI.KMKNT. 
 
 lli tii>t immigration to New Mexico that resulted in a permanent 
 .rttlrmrnt. wa- under Onate, about I.j97. This colony settled in Kio 
 .Vrriha eoimty. where the Kio Chama forms a junction with the Ki<-> 
 drande. and now tin? terminus of the Denver and Kio (Grande rail- 
 road. Tlii- -ettJemeiif. according to Shea, was named by Onate, *-San 
 liabriel." It i< n<>\v known as (,'hamita, or Espanol. the latter Ix-inj: 
 the nanif iriveii t> tin 1 station by the railroad eompany. The follow- 
 inu \i-ar a sel (lenient was mude at Santa Fe. Arconlinjr to some 
 aulhuritics il u;<- then named el Teyuayo: bein^ a Spanish adaptat ion 
 l the word Teuua. the name of the Pueblo nation then quite numer- 
 oii-, and ocriipyin^ Sant:i I'e rounty and vicinity. From this time 
 forward there -eem- to have ]><-eii a considerable Spanish population 
 in tin- Territory: Undergoing varying fortunes, however, incident to 
 revolution- and failuro of cnp<. In Hi;o. Shen * : y th<- eountry wa 
 abandoned. 
 
 rri:i:i.n I \>l K i; i;< i io\ . 
 
 In li*o, on tin. other hand, the country .-cem- to IjftTe been occupied, 
 ;- \ve timl very full documentary evidence of the Spaniards havinj: 
 hcen lri\en out of >anta Fe and the Territory. b\ the Pueblo Indian-. 
 It \\.i- then tluit the < liur-he> and convent* were burned; >peciti.*allr . 
 we mar n uiir i he San MiuiU'l church, in Santa Ke. relmilt in 171U and 
 >till in n-..-. \ -.(..nr cnclo-nrf. i \\ e are told, was erected in the 
 pla/.a of >ania Fc. | ..... ilily near tvhcrr the .-uhlicr* nionnment now 
 >taiul-. and into \\hich the Imn-li veMincnN, ihr hi.lv resgelfl and *ll 
 archire.- and locnment- blon^in.ir < the -n -i ninent and then re- 
 maining. \vi !.- ca-t and nurii' d: many of the >pani>li |iopulatiou in- 
 'Indin* >everal prir>i - \\ i-rc overtaken and killed. The Indian- .-ou^ht . 
 in tine, to ollit-r;iie r\er trace that miulH remind them of tin- ^an- 
 
16 
 
 iard, Wive.? taken in marriage under the ritqs of the church were 
 cast off. 'Mining ; shafts were tilled .-up and nnclters destroyed. Tho 
 Indians (hereafter remained masters of (he country until K>0i, wliru 
 under reverses a compromise was effected, upon the Spaniards obliga- 
 ting themselves ID abandon all right to work the mines. Tlie latter 
 were looked upon by the I'ueblos as largely the cause, of all their'woc- 
 and oppressions. 'J he Indian had been forced to become a bearer of 
 burthens. He hud been made to carry upon his back Irom deep shaft -. 
 up rude ladders., the ores quarried from I he depths. He had been driv- 
 en from home and family to this humiliation and oppnion, while hi> 
 imperious task musters remained, revelling in debauchery, at the 
 homes of those they had reduced to slavery. After the revolution, 
 Die Spaniards were forced to content themselves with occupation- 
 incident to cultivating the soil and stock-raising. This eompro.mise 
 lasted unbroken for many years. Much. of history lor three quarter- 
 of a century prior to 1 Mo. is, largely dependent upon tradition. If 
 comes considerably mutilated in transmission through the ravages of 
 lime and fluctuations of empire: still, when taken in connection with 
 the remains <>f antiquity and the conclusions of the antiquarian, they 
 all have, their place in arriving* at the truth of the past. 
 
 FOLLOWING THE KESTO It A'i ION OF H>94. 
 
 The event- following tlie Spanish restoration are lobe found largely 
 in the accounts of revolutions, Indian campaign* and depredation-, 
 and an occasional famine. The population in 17'J!). a> olVicialh stated. 
 was 'j:),7U Spaniards, and 10,369 mission Indians. Items historic,-)!. 
 from this date forward, accumulate with accelerating progression. 
 
 Tin: i II:ST MKKCII AMUSK 
 
 was brought to New Mexico from ea>t of tlie plains in ISOi. It wa- 
 sent from Kaskaskia, Illinois. Captain Xebulon J J ike. {.'. S. A. while 
 making explorations in 180G, unintentionally found himself and com- 
 mand on Mexican domain: and Governor Alencastor's soldier- tlm- 
 linding 1 him, brought him a prinoncr to Santa Fe: and after a few days 
 incarceration in the very building- in which we are all assembled ihi> 
 evening, he was sent a prisoner to Chihuahua, where he was released 
 and sent home, minus valuable papcr>. 
 
 T1IK MEXICAN nUlTJlLK!. 
 
 In ISiM came Mexican independence, ami in IS'J-J came to New Mcx 
 ico a government under the republic with Francis Xavier Chave>. a> 
 ])olitical chief. The overland trade with the Tinted States virtually 
 dales from the same year. Events familiar to many of you now trans- 
 pire rapidly. A long' line of names ]>rominent in the History of the re- 
 public follow: >onie of them illustrious in the history of the Territory. 
 Thus, the names of Chave.s, Otero. Haea. IJomero. Marline/,. Abren. 
 Luna. Arnrijo. Sanelie/,. Valde/. Orii/. and others, are each and all in* 
 
IT 
 
 'h]\- identified. November -JlMlu is&"i. become- memorable from 
 lciu- the tint r !' publication ol' the lir>t new-paper - . Loiii-. 
 
 It wa- named !;! Crepn&CIIJm" (Tin 1 Dawn.) 1837 brin^r- n- lo the 
 thrillhu' i tin- revolution, that resuiled in {In- a--a--iuation of 
 
 < -..\ ernor Peras, L842, date- th- lexafi invasion, and Au.iruM Ihth. 1846 
 
 TIM: AMKRIOAB i ION 
 
 of N l>y General Stephen NV. Kearney. The history of the 
 
 Territory following, in addit ion to names already izivcn, will include 
 many pi-r^on- gn there i to their lathers, prominent simony whom will 
 l>e found lho>e of (irr^. Doniphan/. I>rnt. N'iuil, Wati'ons, St. N'rain, 
 1'ino, Car-(n, I<-aiil>i:in, S. .1. Spii-^rltM'rr. Dold, Lane, Maxwell. 
 [jamy, Gorman, Joseph, I laming, (iallep)-. IVn-a. Kcit hh-y. llem-ilict, 
 r>nll. 1'ortiT, Klli>on. (iiddin^- and Cleaver. Thun comes material 
 
 a larp- volume on the honorahle juirt Xuw Mexico took in the 
 war of the rebellion. The development of 
 
 Til K ovr.KI.AM> TKADK 
 
 irom the rapaeiiy of a sino-le annual train of prairie schooners in 
 . to that of lour railroads now present and centered upon the 
 valley of the Kio draiide, from as many different points, would re- 
 |iiire other considerable vtdumes. All this, and more, will he foun<' 
 undine in a uierd, deej) and >olemuly thrilling interest, all histor- 
 ;nid much of it rivalling in ahsorhin^ interest the best inventions 
 of fiction. Our- is the duty to make the collection to <rather the 
 material for the future historian. It is certainly worth the effort. 
 >hall the accumulations of the societv of a few years hence,, prove 
 that the work now be^un in this organization, has been well ami ef- 
 fecinally followed up? Shall the t orch-li^ht of the past be handed on, 
 that the future may profit by and excel ? Thu answer rests with the 
 
 prn|i> ..)' N"\\ MeJ 
 
 Certificate of Incorporation of the Histori- 
 cal Society of New Mexico. 
 
 - <-f the I'm 
 
 - i)t i h.i|it-r I i.f I'M.- 
 
 ' 
 
 .iriirlt--,. di.i iiiiicnis, in, iiu.irs, :iniii|ui(iv>. and curi- 
 
 .1! niups. ;in,l inf.. i- 
 1 hH ' : its [irin.-ipal plan- ,,f bu 
 
 ;nl>er, 1880. 
 \\ G RITCH, 
 
 I.. i'.K \!>l >|;| PIMM I 
 D \\ II) .1 Mil. I I II, 
 \v II I.I \\\ M P.n;i.|-:i; 
 
 I.I-.HM \\ spiEUEl 1:1:1;.. 
 
18 
 CONSTITUTION, 
 
 PREAMBLE. 
 
 We, whose nim-s are hereto- aan-vscf, residents of the Territory of NV.v M ;vico, fully h; 
 K'ah the vast field tor historical research which surrounds us. determined to devote our be"<r 
 energies to the elucidation if the history of this country, hitherto unwritten ; and, anxious to c>>- 
 fn irate in combined effort for this o-b-ject, do now form an association, and or Jain for our g.overn- 
 injiH the folio-wing; 
 
 CONSTITUTION, 
 ARTICLE I. 
 
 X XME. 
 
 I his Society sluill be caflia the; HISTORICAL SOCIETY OF NEW MEXICO. 
 
 E, II. 
 
 OBJECT. 
 
 The object of this Society shall be- the collection and preservation, un i\-r i;- own care and 
 direction, of all historical facts, manuscripts, documents, records, and in iin.jivs, relating- to the 
 history of this Territory ; Indian, antiquities and curiosities ; geological and mineralogical speci- 
 mens; geographical maps and information-; and objects of Natural History. 
 
 ARTICLE III, 
 
 OFFICERS. 
 
 SECTION- i. Its officers shal! be a President Vice -President, Corresponding Secretary, Record- 
 -tary, and a Curator, (who shalf be ex- officio Librarian). 
 
 SEC. 2. The above officers shall hold their respective positions for <>ne year, (except the Corre- 
 sponding Secretary, \vho shall hold office during the pleasure of the Society). The first election 
 ^hall be held on the second Monday in January, 1881, immediately after the adoption of the con- 
 stitution, and be by ballot, requiring a vote of two-thirds of the members present. All subse- 
 quent elections shall be held CM the last Monday of December of each year, in the mode and 
 manner above prescribed. 
 
 SEC. 3. Tlie President shall preside, preserve order, regulate the proceedings of the Society,. 
 and state and put all questions' to vote. 
 
 SEC. 4. The Vice-president shall exercise all duties pertaining to the office of President, in the 
 absence of the latter. 
 
 SK,C. 5. The Corresponding Secretary shall give notice to all newly elected t members of their 
 election; and he shall manage all matters relating to the interests of the Society requiring 
 correspondence; he shall read to the Society all communications and replies which he may 
 have made and received during the preceding" recess, and then deliver them to the Recording 
 Secretary; he shal! perform such other duties, pertaining to his office, as the President or Society 
 may direct; and shall preside during the absence of the President and Vice President. 
 
 Six. 6 The Recording; Secretary shall keep a fair record of all the proceedings of the Society:. 
 he shall keep a correct list of all the members, and furnish the Corresponding Secretary with the 
 names and places of residence of all newly elected members, and the time of their election j he 
 shall keep in his possession all communications, records and other papers belonging to the Society. 
 and to which all members shall have access; he shall receive all moneys clue to the Society 
 and hand the same over to the Treasurer, taking his receipt therefor. 
 
 The Treasurer shall keep safely all funds which may come into his hands, and pay them out 
 only upon draft made by the President and countersigned by the Recording Secretary'-; he shall 
 report quarterly of the condition of the Treasuiy. 
 
 SEC. 7. The Curator shall take charge of, and classify, all Indian and other antiquities and curios- 
 ities; geological and mineralogical spc-ci.iiens: geographical maps, and objects of Natural History. 
 
 SEC. 3. In the absence of the presiding officers above designated, the Society may elect a 
 President pro tern. 5 and in the absence of other officers, the presiding officer may appoint pro 
 tern. 
 
 ARTICLE IV. 
 MEETINGS. 
 
 The regular meeting of the Society shall be held on the third Monday of each month, and 
 special meetings may be called at any time by the President, upon the application of five mem- 
 bers, or by resolution of any previous meeting. 
 
 A'.JTICLE V. 
 MEMBERSHIP. 
 
 SECTION i. Application for membership must be made to the Society, at one of its regular 
 meetings, in Writing, and recommended by two members; which application shall lie upon 
 the table until the next regular meeting thereafter, when a ballot shall be had. A vote of two 
 thirds of the members present shall be necessary to an election. 
 
 SEC. 2. Persons not residents of the Territory of New Mexico may be proposed as honorary 
 member^ of the Society, by a member, and may be elected at any regular meeting, provided three- 
 fourths of the members present concur therein. 
 
 SEC. 3. Corresponding members may be elected, by a vote of two-thirds of the members 
 present at any regular meeting. 
 
 SEC. 4. All persons who shall subscribe to this constitution, or be elected members of the Soci- 
 ety 7 in accordance with its provisions, shall pay to the Treas'urer five dollars, initiation fee. 
 
 SEC. 5. All persons who have been elected members, who shall not sign the constitution and 
 by-laws within three months from the date of their election, such election -shall be void. 
 
V.' 
 
 M: !'i< i.i: vi. 
 
 \ , it shall be ill\ :' 
 
 hosen by !.. 
 18 sljyll be .1, I, \i/. : 
 
 <. The S.M ij.ni on the Imli.ui K 
 
 ' 
 
 ,.dl be the du above designated to taVe cognizance of all detail* 
 
 aij keepa record of ita cessions and pro*< 
 
 . ty for its action, and for preservation 
 
 and the permanent officers shall not be pre- 
 
 II-..MII electio:. :IMII. 
 
 PS, manuscripts, specimens, antiquities, cunositii ted by 
 
 ;ted, as heretofore directed, with the Recording Secretary- or Curator, 
 
 Aimru-: vii. 
 
 -IJIl'. 
 
 device, and issue certificates of membership, under 
 
 . .1- ai.iy he deemed nee--- 
 
 AKTK LK VIII. 
 
 . \\ > . 
 
 is may be deemed necessary, in accordance with tlie 
 : the constitution. 
 
 AKTK I.i; IN 
 
 -.iry to constitute a quorum for the transaction of 
 : any meeting, but a less number may a<lj mm t>>the next regular meeting. 
 
 A If! K I.K X. 
 
 ts shall be i institution unless submitted in writing at a regular meet- 
 
 I c -ucurrctl in at t'.ie next regular meetirlg by a vote of two-thirds of the 
 
 BY-LAWS. 
 
 nual meeti':^ shall beheld on the last Monday in December of each 
 
 i The election of officers for the next ensuing v< 
 
 then be made. Nominal! .us for nflicers shall be made at the monthly meeting next pn 
 the annual meeting, :md shall be recorded in the minutes. 
 
 AKTICM-: II. 
 
 All coiii:iiiiU--.-s shall In- appointed by the President, unless otherwise ordered by resolution. 
 
 AKTIU.K III. 
 
 F :<-taiy shall keep, in addition to the records of the meeting, a 
 
 lition ami I Society, which shall be .subscribed by the 
 
 pf their admission, with their place of residence and date of ad- 
 
 !:iifiits made to the Constitution and I'.y-Laus: 
 
 in which he shall enter all moneys received by him, from wh.it- 
 
 id all payments iii MIU of the So, i,-t\ ; lie shall also keep a check or 
 
 ft .m which he shall till up all checks for the signature of the President and attest 
 
 i lie President may deem necessary. 
 
 ''.d! not pay out any money unless on a warrant drawn by the Presi- 
 dent, under tt the Kecor,; i, at the 
 .ipn:i a final ti by the 1 : utee. ht: 
 shall tu in his haiii! 
 therefor. 
 
 MM H I.I. l\ 
 
 hi-> install shall appoint two committees, 
 
 consisting o| : 
 
 Coininitte.'." who sh ::ired to be ap- 
 
 term shall be appointed immediately after their adoption. 
 
 [( I.I. \ 
 
 i the books of th< and the 
 
 line and audit all .'id expenditures made by tl. 
 
 it ; they 
 : red the number of each account audited, in who 
 
20 
 
 ;iereof; at the expiration ot their term, they shall render a report of the fir 
 
 Sial condition of the Society, stating the amount received and expended, as well as the amount of 
 funds in the hands of the Treasurer at the expiration of his terni of office, 
 
 ARTICLE VI, 
 
 SECTION i. It shall be the duty of the Executive Committee to procure a suitable room u 
 rooms for the use of the Society; procure all furniture and other articles which may be necessary 
 for the preservation of the archives and cabinets of specimens belonging to the Society, or tend- 
 ing to its comfort arvd accommodation ; they shall superintend the publication of all documents, 
 reports, etc., ordered to be printed, and shall have the supervision and management of all matter* 
 having reference to the internal arrangements and well-being of the Society ; they shall present 
 all bills for purchase and expenditures made by them to the Finance Committee, to be audited 
 and settled. 
 
 SKC. 2. An appeal may be taken from the decision of the Finance Committee by the Execu- 
 tive Committee, whenever necessary, to the Society, in session, at any regular monthly meeting. 
 
 ARTICLE VII. 
 
 The Recording Secretary shall procure printed, engraved, or illumined, diplomas or certificate- 
 of membership, which he shall fill up with the name of each member and the date of' his admis- 
 sion, stating the class of his membership, whether a member, a corresponding member, or an 
 honorary member: and after causing it to be signed by the President, and affixing the seal .there- 
 to, duly attested, with his signature, he shall deliver the same to the Corresponding Secretary, 
 for transmission. 
 
 ARTICLE VIII. 
 
 Each member shall pay into the Treasury, semi-annualy, the sum of two dollars, as dues, which 
 may be increased or diminished only upon a motion in writing made at a regular meeting, and 
 i>e adopted by a vote of two thirds of the members present. 
 
 ARTICLE IX, 
 
 Any member failing to pay his dues for six months, upon being notified by the Secrets 
 stating the amount clue, shall forfeit 'his membership, unless a sufficient excuse be given and ( 
 accepted by the Society. 
 
 ARTICLE X. 
 
 Anv member may withdraw from the Society upon presenting a written resignation, accom 
 panied by the Treasurer's receipt for all indebtedness on his part to the Society. 
 
 ARTICLE XI. 
 
 SKCTK'N i. The following shall be the order of business after the meeting is called to order, 
 ti 
 
 . Reading the minutes of the last stated and intervening meeting*. 
 . Application of candidates for membership. 
 . Election and admission of new members. 
 Unfinished business. 
 Reports of Committees and action thereon. 
 
 6. Election of Officers. 
 
 7. Resolutions. 
 
 8. Communications received, read, and disposed of. 
 
 9. Reports from Sections. 
 
 10. Reading of papers by members present, and addresses 0:1 subjects embraced within the 
 objects of the Society. 
 
 SKC. 2. The above order of business may be dispensed with by a vote of the Society. 
 
 ARTICLE XII. 
 
 No other matter shall be discussed at any special meeting except that for which it h 
 called, and no appropriation of money shall be made except at a regular meeting. 
 
 ARTICLE XIII. 
 
 All proceedings at the meetings of this Society shall be governed by the most approved parlia- 
 mentary rules ; all motions shall be reduced to writing when required by the President, and an 
 appeal may always be had to the Society from the decision of the chair. 
 
 ARTICLE XIV. 
 
 Upon the death of a member of this Society, in good standing, if a resident of the place where 
 the meetings of the Society are held, his funeral shall be attended by the Society in a body, ana 
 the members thereof shall wear [he customary badge of mourning for thirty days. 
 
 ARTICLE XV. 
 
 The hour of meeting of this Society shall be from October ist to April 3oth, at 7 o'clock p. M., 
 and from May ist to September 3Oth, at 8 o'clock i'. M. 
 
 ARTICLE XVI. 
 
 All donations made to the Society shall be reported and entered upon the minutes. 
 
 ARTICLE XVII. 
 
 No additions or amendments shall be made to these By-Laws unless submitted in writing at a 
 regular meeting of the Society, and concurred in at the next regular meeting by a vote of two- 
 thirds of the members present.