*3L 
 
 University of California 
 College of Agriculture 
 Agricultural Experiment Station 
 Berkeley, California 
 
 SEASOIJAL L.A.BOR NEEDS FOR CALIFORMA CROPS 
 SM BERIiyiDINO COUNTY 
 Progress Report No. 36 
 by 
 
 R. L, Adams 
 Preliminary — Subject to Correction 
 October, 1936 
 
 Contribution from the 
 Giannini Foundation of Agricultural Economics 
 Mimeographed Report No. 53 
 
 UNIVERSITY ■ . ..i FORMA 
 LIBRARY 
 
(Farm Labor Survey — January- June, 1936) 
 
 Progress Report No. 36 
 
 Seasonal Labor Needs for California Crops 
 
 San Bernardino County 
 
 Scope of Presentation . — The following considerations govern the present- 
 ation of this progress report: 
 
 1. The data are confined to the area indicated above. 
 
 2. The data are confined solely to crops, livestock needs being ignored. 
 
 3. The findings apply only to occasional or seasonal labor requirements 
 as distinguished from labor contributed by farm operators and by workers employed 
 on a year-round or regular basis of employment. 
 
 4. The presentation includes the so-called migratory, transient, or roving 
 workers which comprise an D-inportant source of help needed in connection with certain 
 tasks and at "peak" times which sea.'sonally arise in connection with many field, 
 truck, and fruit crops comi.iercially produced in California, 
 
 5. This report is confined to California's need for seasonal agricultural 
 workers because of the more pressing problems liable to arise in connection there- 
 vdth. A later study is planned which v/ill deal with other kinds of labor involved 
 in the production of California's many crops. 
 
 Brie f Description of the Are a.— San Bernardino is one of the southern 
 counties of California. Its southwest corner is about 30 miles east of the city 
 of Los Angeles. It is bordered on the west by Los /oigeles and Kern counties, along 
 a boundary which extends northward about 125 miles. On the north it joins Inyo 
 County for about 110 miles eastavard to the Nevada line. The boundary follows the 
 state line southeastward to the Colorado River, which, from this point, forms the 
 boundary between San Bernardino County and Arizona on the east. On the south it is 
 bounded for its full length of about 260 miles by Riverside County, except for a 
 short distance at the southwest corner v/here it joins Orange County. 
 
 San Bernardino has the largest total area of any county in the state. The 
 agricultural district, however, makes up but a small portion of the total and is 
 largely concentrated in the southwest corner, contiguous to a number of important 
 cities and tovms among which are San Bernardino, Redlands, Colton, Ontario, Upland, 
 Chino, Cucamonga, Yucaipa, and others. It is adjacent to Los Angeles County on the 
 west and Orange and Riv-rside counties on the southwest and south. There is also 
 a limited area of land formed along the Mojave River, betvroen Victorville and 
 Barstow in the central-v;estern part of the county. 
 
 The county contains a total of 12,912,000 acres of which 133,814 acres are 
 classed as available for crops by the 1935 Census. This is further classified as 
 follows by the Census for the crop year 1934. 
 
♦ 
 
2. 
 
 Acreage 
 
 Crop land harvested 134,434 
 
 Crop failure 2,456 
 
 Crop land idle or fallow 33,057 
 
 Plowable pasture 13,867 
 
 Total land available for crops 183,814 
 
 Crop acreages, as determined from the report of the County Agricultural 
 Commissioner, for the year 1935 are as follows: 
 
 Acre age 
 
 Field crops 44/851 
 
 Vegetable crops 4,216 
 
 Orchard and vineyard, bearing 92,831 
 
 Orchard and vineyard, nori?earing 7,494 
 
 Total 149,392 
 
 Crops, Acreage, and Producti on. — The basis used in calculating occasional 
 or seasonal need for labor in addition to that furnished by fam operators and 
 regularly employed workers appears as table ?.. 
 
 TABLE 1 
 
 Basis for Calculating Seasonal Labor Requirements — San Bernai'dino 
 
 County 
 
 Crops 
 
 Acreage 
 
 Production 
 
 Field crops : 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Alfalfa hay 
 
 
 12,820 
 
 64,100 
 
 tons 
 
 
 
 Beans 
 
 
 3,078 
 
 31,279 
 
 sacks 
 
 
 
 Corn - Milo 
 
 
 651 
 
 5,563 
 
 sacks 
 
 
 
 for ensilage 
 
 
 1,328 
 
 18,620 
 
 tons 
 
 
 
 Grain 
 
 
 6,681 
 
 134,795 
 
 sacks 
 
 
 
 Grain hay 
 
 
 16,317 
 
 27,585 
 
 tons 
 
 
 
 Potatoes - Irish 
 
 
 1,157 
 
 138,415 
 
 sacks 
 
 
 
 sweet 
 
 
 910 
 
 302,545 
 
 packed lugs 
 
 
 
 Sugar beets 
 
 
 1,595 
 
 19,862 
 
 tons 
 
 
 
 Vegetable crops: 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Corn - svi'eet 
 
 
 1,838 
 
 416,050 
 
 lugs 
 
 
 
 Melons* 
 
 
 342 
 
 2,801 
 
 tons 
 
 
 
 Pumpkins and squash* 
 
 
 159 
 
 833 
 
 tons 
 
 
 
 Tomatoes 
 
 
 1,432 
 
 10,673 
 
 tons 
 
 
 
 Miscellaneous vegetables 
 
 
 554 
 
 
 
 
 
 (Table continued on next page .J 
 
* 
 
 * 
 
3. 
 
 Table 1 continued. 
 
 Crops 
 
 Acreage 
 
 Production 
 
 Fruit crops : 
 
 
 
 Almonds * 
 
 88 
 
 16 tons 
 
 Apples 
 
 1,524 
 
 5,221 tons t 
 
 Apricots 
 
 750 
 
 2,392 tons 
 
 Avocados 
 
 39 
 
 4'i,800 pounds 
 
 Berrios (Chino district 
 
 
 
 only) 
 
 134 
 
 4. 
 
 35,700 crates T 
 
 Cherries 
 
 204 
 
 178 tons 
 
 Citrus fruits- grapefruit 
 
 2,555 
 
 727,000 field boxes of 45 pounds <j 
 
 oranges - navel 
 
 29,735 
 
 11,056 cars) 
 
 oranges . - Valencia 
 
 10,229 
 
 5,166 cars) 13,300,000 field 
 
 oran?:os - miscollaneous 
 
 1,629 
 
 588-|- cars) boxes of 47 pounds ^ 
 
 le-aons 
 
 4,456 
 
 2,713 cars — equivalent to 1,709,00C 
 field boxes of 50 pounds l| 
 
 Fir;s* 
 
 29^ 
 
 35 tons 
 
 Grape s 
 
 26,383 
 
 53,454 tons 
 
 Olives 
 
 836 
 
 387 tons 
 
 Poachos - cling 
 
 2,711 
 
 8,121 tons 
 
 freestone 
 
 2,281 
 
 5,539 tons 
 
 Poars* 
 
 209 
 
 141 tons 
 
 Plums 
 
 275 
 
 840 tons 
 
 Persimmons* 
 
 54 
 
 78 tons 
 
 Walnuts 
 
 9,831 
 
 3,481 tons 
 
 * Use of seasonal labor 
 
 inconsequential and henco ignored. 
 
 + Production of apples is compiled as folloivs: 225,290 boxes at 40 pounds 
 each plus 718 tons culls. 
 
 f Total county production was 56,270 crates • 
 
 (^Production of grapefruit is compiled as follows: 482,421 packed boxes 
 (56 pounds net) plus 5,711,681 pounds loose fruit and culls. 
 
 Production of oranges is compiled as follows: 7,732,943 packed boxes .. 
 tjZ pounds not) plus 69,339,669 pounds loose fruit and culls. 
 
 II Basis of calculation: 630 field boxes required per car — 2,713 oars. 
 
 Opcr-'^tions Requiring Use of Seasonal Labor and Time of Ne ed.— Farm 
 operations requiring use of seasonal or occasional labor for the various crops 
 raised in San Bernardino County are indicated in table 2. This tabulation does not 
 indlude the employing of shed workers needed to wash, pack, and prepare various 
 commodities for shipping and marketing. 
 
1 
 
TABLE 2 
 
 4. 
 
 Oporations Requiring Uso of Seasonal Labor and Times of Needs by Crops 
 
 San Bernardino County- 
 
 Crop 
 
 Field crops 
 Alfalfa 
 
 Beans 
 
 Corn - Milo 
 (for grain) 
 
 Corn - Milo 
 (for ensilage) 
 
 Grain 
 
 Operation 
 
 Time of need 
 
 Mowing, raking, and shocking 
 -75 per cent by seasonal 
 workers 
 
 Baling (75 per cent of 
 crop equals 48,075 tons) — 
 75 per cent by seasonal 
 xvorkers 
 
 Piling — with fork 
 
 Threshing 
 
 Cutting heads, by hand 
 
 Threshing by stationary- 
 Cutting by combine 
 
 Cutting by hand and 
 loading trucks 
 
 Threshing by stationary 
 (50 per cent of crop) — 
 90 per cent by seasonal 
 workers 
 
 Harvesting by combine 
 
 60 per cent by seasonal 
 workers 
 
 11,000 acres each 
 month — six cuttings 
 five weeks apart 
 
 6,868 tons per month 
 
 1 April 
 may 
 
 June 
 
 July 
 
 August 
 
 September 
 
 October 
 
 April 
 
 Ivlay 
 I June 
 (July 
 
 August 
 I September 
 
 October 
 
 jAugust 15-31 — 10 per cent of 
 crop 
 
 [September 1-SO — 8 0 por cent of 
 :rop 
 
 I October — 10 per cent of crop 
 
 August — 5 per cent of crop 
 September — 80 per cent of crop 
 October — 15 per cent of crop 
 
 [December — 50 per cent of 
 
 acreage 
 [December - 
 I December - 
 
 acreage 
 
 — 50 per cent of crop 
 50 per cent of 
 
 September 20-30 — 15 per cent 
 
 of acreage 
 October 1-30 — 50 per cent of 
 
 acreage 
 
 November 1-20 — 35 per cent of 
 acreage 
 
 June — 35 por cent of crop 
 July — 15 per cent of crop • 
 
 June — 50 per cent of acreage 
 
 (Table 2 continued on next page.) 
 
.., < . 
 
5. 
 
 Table 2 continued. 
 
 Crop 
 
 Operation 
 
 Time of need 
 
 Field crops: (continued] 
 Grain hay 
 
 Mov/ing, raking, and 
 shocking ~ 50 per cent 
 by seasonal vrorkers 
 
 M3.y 1-31 
 
 
 Triraming (25 per cent of 
 acreage)— 50 per cent by 
 seasonal vrorkers 
 
 tlay 15-31 ~ 12-|- per cent of 
 acreage 
 
 June 1-15 — 12-^ per cent of 
 acreage 
 
 
 Baling — 75 per cent by 
 seasonal workers 
 
 June 1-30 — 75 per cent of crop 
 July 1-31 — 25 per cent of crop 
 
 Potatoes - Irish 
 
 Cutting seed 
 
 March 
 
 
 Picking up, grading, and 
 putting in lugs or sacks 
 
 June 20-30 — 25 per cent of 
 
 crop in lugs 
 July 1-31 — 75 per cent of 
 
 crop in sacks 
 
 Potatoes - sweet 
 
 Pulling plstnts from hotbed 
 
 Mav 
 
 
 Planting in field (by 
 machine)— 80 per cent by 
 seasonal workers 
 
 Ivlay 
 
 
 Picking up, hauling in, and 
 dumping — 30 per cent by 
 seasonal workers 
 
 October 15-31 — 25 pnr cent of 
 crop 
 
 Uovember 1-15 — 25 per cent of 
 crop 
 
 
 Picking up and packing in 
 field — 80 per cent by 
 seasonal vrarkers 
 
 October 15-31 — 25 per cent of 
 crop 
 
 November 1-15 — 25 per cent of 
 crop 
 
 Sugar beets 
 
 Thinning 
 
 February 20-28 — 5 per cent of 
 acrea,p;e 
 
 March — 20 per cent of acreage 
 April — 50 per cent of acreage 
 May — 25 per cent of acreage 
 
 
 Hoeing — first time 
 
 March 20-31 — 5 por cent of 
 acreage 
 
 April 1-30 — 20 per cent of 
 
 acreage 
 Jlay 1-30 — 50 per cent of 
 
 acreage 
 Jime 1-30 — 25 rer cent of 
 
 acroago 
 
 
 Hoeing — second time 
 
 May — 20 per cent of acreage 
 Juno ~ 50 per cent of acreage 
 
 - 
 
 (Table 2 continued on next page J 
 
Table 2 continued. 
 
 6. 
 
 Vegetable crops: 
 Sweet corn 
 
 Crop 
 
 Sugar beets 
 (continued) 
 
 Tomatoes 
 
 Operation 
 
 Topping and loading 
 
 Suckering 
 
 Picking and packing — 
 50 per cent by seasonal 
 workers 
 
 Transplanting to field by- 
 hand 
 
 Hoeing ~ two times 
 
 Dusting — three times 
 
 Pi eking 
 
 Time of need 
 
 August 1-31 — 39 per cent of 
 crop 
 
 September 1-30 — 38 per cent 
 of crop 
 
 October 1-31 ~ 23 per cent of 
 crop 
 
 June 15-30 — 20 per cent of 
 
 acreage 
 July 1-31 — 60 per cent of 
 
 acreage 
 
 August 1-31 — 20 per cent of 
 acreage 
 
 July' 15-31 — 10 per cent of 
 crop 
 
 August — 35 per cent of crop 
 September — 35 per cent of crq) 
 October — 20 per cent of crop 
 
 April — 10 per cent of acreage 
 May — 90 per cent of acreage 
 
 May ) 
 
 June) two-thirds of acreage 
 July) each month 
 
 J^y ) 
 
 June) once, all acreage 
 July) 
 
 August — 20 per cent of crop 
 September — 40 per cent of crop 
 October — 40 per cent of crop 
 
 Fruit crops: 
 
 Almonds — use of seasonal labor inconsequential — hence ignored. 
 
 Apples 
 
 Pruning — 20 per cent by 
 seasonal labor 
 
 Thinning (twe-thirds of 
 acreage) 75 per cent by 
 seasonal workers 
 
 November 20-30 — 5 per cent of 
 
 acreage 
 December — 30 per cent of 
 
 s.croage 
 January — 30 per cent of 
 
 acreage 
 February — 20 per cent of 
 
 acreage 
 
 March — 10 per cent of acreage 
 
 June 15-30 — 25 per cent of 
 
 acreage 
 July 1-31 — 75 per cent of 
 
 acreage 
 
 XTable continued on next page . j 
 
Table 2 continued 
 
 7. 
 
 Crop 
 
 Apples (continued) 
 
 Apricots 
 
 Operation 
 
 Picking 
 
 Packing — 66 per cent of 
 crop 
 
 Picking 
 
 Cutting 
 
 Other dry-yard work 
 
 Time of need 
 
 September — 20 per cent of crop 
 October — 70 per cent of crop 
 November — 10 per cent of crop 
 
 September — 13 per cent of crop 
 October — 47 per cent of crop 
 November — 6 per cent of crop 
 
 June 25-30 — 15 per cent of 
 crop 
 
 July 1-25 — 85 per cent of 
 crop 
 
 June 25-30 — 15 per cent of 
 crop 
 
 July 1-25 — 85 per cent of crop 
 
 June 25-30 - 
 
 crop 
 July 1-25 - 
 
 crop 
 
 15 per cent of 
 35 per cent of 
 
 Avocados — use of seasonal labor inconsequential — hence ignored. 
 
 Berries - young- 
 berries 
 
 Cherries 
 
 Citrus - grapefruit 
 
 oranges 
 
 Picking (Chino district 
 only) 90 per cent by 
 seasonal workers 
 
 Picking 
 
 Sorting and packing 
 
 Picking 
 
 Picking* — navels, 
 Valencias, and 
 Eiiscellaneous 
 
 May 20-30 — 15 per cent of 
 crop 
 
 June 1-30 — 80 per cent of 
 crop 
 
 July 1-4 — 5 per cent of crop 
 
 June 
 June 
 
 May — 8 per cent of crop 
 June 19 per cent of crop 
 July — 22 per cent of crop 
 August — 21 per cent of crop 
 September — 13 per cent of crop 
 October — 7 per cent of crop 
 Balance scattered and in- 
 consequential . 
 
 November — 2,4 per cent of crop 
 December — 3,7 per cent of crop 
 January — 10.7 per cent of crop 
 February — 15.4 per cent of 
 crop 
 
 March — 16, S per cent of crop 
 April — 19,7 per cent of crop 
 May — 5,1 per cent of crop 
 June — 4,7 per cent of crop 
 July ~ 5,4 per cent of crop 
 August — 4,2 per cent of crop 
 September — 4,7 per cent of crop 
 jOctober — 5.3 per cent of crop 
 
 (Table 2 continued on next pa;e;o,) 
 
t 
 
 t 
 
 ; i 
 I ■ ! 
 
 1 
 
 I 
 
8. 
 
 Table 2 continued. 
 
 Crop 
 
 Operation 
 
 Time of need 
 
 Citrus (continued) 
 lemons 
 
 Picking t 
 
 November — 5 per cent of crop 
 December — 5 per cent of crop 
 January — 10 per cent of crop 
 February — 6 per cent of crop 
 March — 19 per cent of crop 
 April 14 per cent of crop 
 May — 20 per cent of crop 
 June — 8 per cent of crop 
 July — 4 per cent of crop 
 August — 2 per cent of crop 
 September — 3 per cent of crop 
 October 4 per cent of crop 
 
 Figs — Use of seasonal labor inconsequential — 
 
 hence ignored. 
 
 Grapes 
 
 Pruning — 75 per cent by- 
 seas onal workers 
 
 December 15-51 — 10 per cent 
 
 of acreage 
 January 1-31 — 50 per cent of 
 
 acreage 
 
 February 1-28 — 40 per cent 
 of acreage 
 
 
 Burning brush — 60 per 
 cent by seasonal workers 
 
 December 15-31 — 10 per cent 
 
 of acreage 
 January 1-31 — 50 per cent of 
 
 acreage 
 
 February 1-28 — 40 per cent of 
 acreage 
 
 
 Hoeing 
 
 April — all acreage 
 
 
 Suckering 
 
 April 21-30 — 50 per cent of 
 acreage 
 
 May 1-7 — 50 per cent of 
 acreage 
 
 
 Sulphuring - three times 
 
 April ~ all acreage 
 May all acreage 
 June — all acreage 
 
 
 Picking 
 
 September — 40 per cent of crop 
 October — 40 per cent of crop 
 November — 20 per cent of crop 
 
 Peaches - cling 
 
 Thinning — 66 per cent by 
 seasonal workers 
 
 May 10-30 ~ tvro-thirds of 
 
 acreage 
 June 1-10 — one -third of 
 
 acreage 
 
 
 Picking — 75 per cent by 
 seasonal workers 
 
 Aur;ust — 80 per cent of crop 
 September -- 20 per cent of crcp 
 
 (Table 2 continued 'onnext~pagaJ 
 
1 
 
 V-- 
 
Table 2 continued. 
 
 Operation 
 
 Crop 
 
 Timo of need 
 
 Peaches - freestone 
 
 Pruning — 50 per cent 
 by seasonal workers 
 
 Thinning — 75 per cent 
 by seasonal workers 
 
 Picking 
 
 Packing 
 crop 
 
 75 per cent of 
 
 January — 50 per cent of 
 
 acreage 
 February — 50 per cent of 
 
 acreage 
 
 April 20-30 — 10 per cent of 
 
 acreage 
 May 1-31 — 80 per cent of 
 
 acreage 
 Juno 1-10 — 10 per cent of 
 
 acreage 
 
 June — 15 per cent of crop 
 July — 20 per cent of crop 
 August 60 per cent of crop 
 September — 5 per cent of crop 
 
 June — 15 per cent of crop 
 July — 20 per cent of crop 
 August — 60 per cent of crop 
 September — 5 per cent of crop 
 
 Pears — use of seasonal labor inconsequential — hence ignored. 
 
 Plums 
 
 Thinning 
 Picking 
 
 May 
 
 July — 75 per cent of crop 
 August — 25 per cent of crop 
 
 Persimmons — use of seasonal labor inconsequential — hence ignored. 
 
 Walnuts 
 
 Shaking off, picking up, 
 and hulling by hand. 
 
 September — 45 per cent of crq) 
 October — 45 per cent of crop 
 November — 10 per cent of crop 
 
 * Distribution of picking labor hy months on oranges is estimated from 
 monthly carlot shipments of oranges from Riverside County during 1935. 
 
 ■f Distribution of picking labor by months on lemons is estimated from 
 monthly lemon "pick" of the Ontario- Cucamonga Fruit Exchange 1935-36 season. 
 
 Fin dings of Seasonal Labor Weeds . — Details and summaries of seasonal labor 
 requirements of San Bernardino County agriculture are presented as table 3. The 
 "size of job" are figures drawn from table 1 in terms of either acreage or productLon 
 in tons, crates, boxes or whatever unit is commonly used. The "output pop- man day" 
 is an average figure for the entire acreage or output, figured in pounds, crates, 
 hampers, or boxes, etc., on liarvest jobs, or in acreage. If the work is of a nature 
 that requires a crow, different members of Avhich perfom different tasks, then the 
 average shown is per man, based on the entire crew. Length of day is 9 hours unless 
 otherwise stated. Wide variations in output occur between farm and farm, field and 
 field, season and season, because of differences in soil typos, climatic conditions, 
 weeds, yields, and other factors influencing the amount of work that a laborer can 
 perform in a given d^y. Moreover, the basis of output is a mature, oxporiencod male 
 
• • ' " ■>..,;;'5i-'..; 
 
 : ^-.--la. ,■.:■.:;t,^..f.J;v^:T.• 
 
10. 
 
 worker, without reference to the use of women, children, and more or less in- 
 experienced help that is sometimes used in connection with certain of the tasks 
 requiring use of seasonal workers. The column headed "available days" reflects 
 (a) the limitations set from the period within which the vrork must be perfomed, 
 because of the nature of the task, such as transplanting, thinning, and vreeding, 
 and (b) available days as determined by weather conditions, inclement weather 
 rcducin?; the number of days when a required task can be performed. The "required 
 number of workers" is ;:;iven in terms of workers as noted above in connection with 
 "output per man-day." 
 
 It is probable that the estimated number of v/orkcrs required, as recorded 
 in table 3, will often bo too lov/, for the reason that "peaks" frequently occur, 
 during which an unusually large proportion of the job is done in a very short period. 
 This vrould naturally require a much greater number of workers than v.'hon the work is 
 spread over a longer period, even though the total amount of labor in man-days 
 remains the same. 
 
 f 
 
TABLE 3 
 
 Seasonal Labor Needs — San Bernardino County --by Months and Tasks 
 
 
 
 
 
 Required 
 
 Available 
 
 Required number 
 
 Month 
 
 Crop and task 
 
 Size of task 
 
 Output per man-day 
 
 man- days 
 
 days 
 
 of 
 
 workers* 
 
 January 
 
 Apples: Pruning 
 
 457 acres 
 
 0.20 acre 
 
 457r 
 
 19 
 
 24 
 
 
 
 Citrus, Oranges: Picking 
 
 1,423,100 field 
 
 60 boxes 
 
 23,718 
 
 19 
 
 1,249 
 
 
 
 
 boxes 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Lemons: Picking 
 
 170,900 field 
 
 22 boxes 
 
 7 ,768 
 
 19 
 
 409 
 
 
 
 
 boxes 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Grapes: Pruning 
 
 13,192 acres 
 
 0.75 acre 
 
 13,192"'' 
 
 19 
 
 695 
 
 
 
 Burning brush 
 
 13,192 acres 
 
 2 acres 
 
 3,298t 
 
 19 
 
 174 
 
 
 
 Peaches (freestone): Pruning 
 
 1,140 acres 
 
 G.33 acre 
 
 l,710t 
 
 19 
 
 90 
 
 
 
 Totals 
 
 
 
 50,143 
 
 19 
 
 2.640 
 
 man-months 
 
 February 
 
 Sugar beets: Thinning 
 
 80 acres 
 
 0.5 acre 
 
 160 
 
 6 
 
 27 
 
 (from 20th to 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 28th) 
 
 
 Apples: Pruning 
 
 381 acres 
 
 0.17 acre 
 
 457 
 
 22 
 
 21 
 
 
 
 Citrus, Oranges: Picking 
 
 (£,048,200 field 
 
 60 boxes 
 
 34,137 
 
 22 
 
 1,552 
 
 
 
 
 boxes 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Lemons: Picking 
 
 102,540 field 
 
 22 boxes 
 
 4, 661 
 
 22 
 
 212 
 
 
 
 
 boxes 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Orapes: Pruning 
 
 10,553 acres 
 
 0.75 acre 
 
 10,553t 
 
 22 
 
 480 
 
 
 
 Burning brush 
 
 10,553 acres 
 
 2.0 acres 
 
 2,638"f 
 
 22 
 
 120 
 
 
 
 Peaches (freestone): Pruning 
 
 1,140 acres 
 
 0.33 acre 
 
 1.710t 
 
 22 
 
 78 
 
 
 
 Totals 
 
 
 
 54,316 
 
 22 
 
 2,469 
 
 man-months 
 
 March 
 
 Potatoes (Irish): Cutting seed 
 
 10,413 sacks 
 
 15 sacks 
 
 694 
 
 23 
 
 31 
 
 
 
 Sugar beets: Thinning 
 
 320 acres 
 
 0.5 acre 
 
 640 
 
 23 
 
 28 
 
 
 
 Hoeing - first time 
 
 80 acres 
 
 1.0 acre 
 
 80 
 
 10 
 
 8 
 
 (from 20th to 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 31st) 
 
 
 Apples: Pruning 
 
 152 acres 
 
 0.17 acre 
 
 182t 
 
 23 
 
 8 
 
 
 
 Citrus, Oranges: Picking 
 
 2,473,800 field 
 
 60 boxes 
 
 41,230 
 
 23 
 
 1,793 
 
 
 
 
 boxes 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Lemons: Picking 
 
 324,710 field 
 
 30 boxes 
 
 10,824 
 
 23 
 
 471 
 
 
 
 
 boxes 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Totals 
 
 
 
 53.650 
 
 23 
 
 2.333 
 
 man-months 
 
 Table continued on next page. 
 
. • • . » * , r 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 t 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Table 
 
 3 
 
 continued . 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Ro qui red 
 
 AV'. ii;,ble 
 
 Roquirsc number 
 
 Month 
 
 
 CroD and task 
 
 Size of task 
 
 Output per man-day 
 
 man-days 
 
 days 
 
 of workers* 
 
 April 
 
 
 Alfalfa: Mowing 
 
 11,000 acres 
 
 10 acres 
 
 825t 
 
 23 
 
 36 
 
 
 
 Raking 
 
 11 ,000 acres 
 
 20 acres 
 
 413t 
 
 23 
 
 18 
 
 
 
 Shocking 
 
 11,000 acres 
 
 2i acres 
 
 3 , 300Kof 
 
 23 
 
 144 (half-time) 
 
 
 
 
 
 (in 5 hours) 
 
 5 hours) 
 
 
 
 
 
 Baling 
 
 6,868 tons 
 
 3 tons 
 
 
 23 
 
 75 
 
 
 
 Sugar beets: Thinning 
 
 800 acres 
 
 0.5 acre 
 
 1,600 
 
 23 
 
 70 
 
 
 
 First hoeing 
 
 320 acres 
 
 1.0 acre 
 
 320 
 
 23 
 
 14 
 
 
 
 Tomatoes: Transplanting to 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 field by hand 
 
 144 acres 
 
 1.0 acre 
 
 144 
 
 13 
 
 12 (for last one- 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 half rrcnth) 
 
 
 
 Citrus, Oranges: Picking 
 
 £,620,100 field 
 
 60 boxes 
 
 43,u68 
 
 23 
 
 1,89*) 
 
 
 
 
 boxes 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Lemons: Picking 
 
 239,260 field 
 
 28 boxes 
 
 8,485 
 
 23 
 
 3E9 
 
 
 
 
 boxes 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Grapes: Hoeing 
 
 25,383 acres 
 
 2 acres 
 
 13,192 
 
 23 
 
 574 
 
 
 
 Sulphuring 
 
 26,383 acres 
 
 10 acres 
 
 2,639 
 
 23 
 
 115 
 
 
 
 Suckering 
 
 13,192 acres 
 
 2 acres 
 
 5,596 
 
 10 
 
 660 (from 21st to 
 
 
 
 Peaches (freestone): Thinning 
 
 
 
 
 
 30th) 
 
 
 
 228 acres 
 
 0,25 acre 
 
 912 
 
 10 
 
 92 (from 20th to 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 30th) 
 
 
 
 Total 
 
 
 
 83.811 
 
 23 
 
 3.644 man-months 
 
 May 
 
 
 Alfalfa: Mowing 
 
 11,000 acres 
 
 10 acres 
 
 825t 
 
 25 
 
 33 
 
 
 
 Raking 
 
 11,000 acres 
 
 20 acres 
 
 413t 
 
 25 
 
 17 
 
 
 
 Shocking 
 
 11,000 acres 
 
 2^ acres 
 
 3,300 ^ 
 
 25 
 
 132 (half-time) 
 
 
 
 
 
 (in 5 hours) 
 
 (of 5 hours) 
 
 
 
 
 
 Baling 
 
 6,868 tons 
 
 3 tons 
 
 1.717 t 
 
 25 
 
 69 
 
 
 
 Sweet potatoes: Pulling 
 
 
 
 583 + 
 
 
 
 
 
 plants from hotbed 
 
 910 acres 
 
 1.25 acres 
 
 25 
 
 24 
 
 
 
 Planting in field 
 
 910 acres 
 
 0.75 acre 
 
 972 ^' 
 
 25 
 
 39 
 
 
 
 Grain hay: Mowing 
 
 16,317 acres 
 
 8 acres 
 
 l,020t 
 
 25 
 
 41 
 
 
 
 Raking 
 
 16,317 acres 
 
 16 acres 
 
 510t 
 
 25 
 
 26 
 
 
 
 Bunching 
 
 16,317 acres 
 
 20 acres 
 
 408 1 
 
 25 
 
 17 
 
 
 
 Trimming 
 
 2,040 acres 
 
 5 acres 
 
 204 1 
 
 25 
 
 9 
 
 
 
 Sugar beets: Thinning 
 
 400 acres 
 
 0.5 acre 
 
 800 
 
 25 
 
 32 
 
 — 
 
 
 First hoeing 
 
 800 acres 
 
 1.0 acre 
 
 800 
 
 25 
 
 32 
 
 
 
 Second hoeing 
 
 320 acres 
 
 1.25 acre 
 
 256 
 
 25 
 
 11 
 
 , . 
 
 Table continued on next page. t- 
 
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 K 
 
 
 . . . . '. 
 
 
 
 
 
 '. \' % 
 r 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 I 
 I 
 
 I 
 
 
 
 ( 
 
 i 
 i 
 
 ■ ' !• 
 
 ■ i 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 : ■ . * 
 
Table 3 continuod. 
 
 
 
 
 
 Required 
 
 Av ailablc 
 
 Ri:;cuired number 
 
 Month 
 
 DroD and t£.sk 
 
 OlZt Oi t..-S.K 
 
 Output per man— day 
 
 man— days 
 
 days 
 
 of 
 
 workers* 
 
 May 
 
 Tomatoes: Transplanting to 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 (continued; 
 
 field 
 
 l,<;oy acres 
 
 1.0 acre 
 
 i , (sby 
 
 CO 
 
 52 
 
 
 
 Hoeing 
 
 954 acres 
 
 2 acres 
 
 ^ T T 
 
 OK 
 
 CO 
 
 19 
 
 
 
 Dusting 
 
 1,452 acres 
 
 5 acres 
 
 O O O 
 
 do 
 
 12 
 
 
 
 Berries, Youngberries: Picking 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Chino district 
 
 £i,D/u crates 
 
 o crates oi <i4 
 
 
 1 A 
 
 34t(from 20th 
 
 
 
 
 baskets 
 
 
 
 
 to 30th) 
 
 
 Citrus, Grapefruit: Picking 
 
 00 , ioU 1 leid 
 
 100 boxes 
 
 Oo2 
 
 24 
 
 25 
 
 
 
 
 boxes 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Oranges: Picking 
 
 b / o , ouu I leiu 
 
 50 boxes 
 
 JLO , DDD 
 
 24 
 
 566 
 
 
 
 
 boxes 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Lemons: Picking 
 
 
 17 boxes 
 
 OA 1 AC 
 
 24 
 
 838 
 
 
 
 
 boxes 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Grapes: Suckering 
 
 lo,x^c: acres 
 
 2 acres 
 
 
 / 
 
 943 
 
 (from 1st 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 to 7th) 
 
 
 Sulphuring 
 
 2fa,o83 acres 
 
 10 acres 
 
 2, 639 
 
 25 
 
 106 
 
 
 
 Peaches (cling;: Thinning(^ 
 
 1,808 acres 
 
 u.tiu acre 
 
 A o T 
 O , UciD • 
 
 HO 
 
 2 A T 
 
 301 
 
 (from lUth 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 to 30th) 
 
 
 (freestone;: ThinningQ 
 
 i. , ocD acres 
 
 0.25 acre 
 
 
 
 238 
 
 
 
 r^xums. ininning o 
 
 c / 0 ac re s 
 
 u.eit) acre 
 
 1 1 AA 
 i , J.UU 
 
 
 44 
 
 
 
 1 OXclJ.S 
 
 
 
 
 oc 
 
 2.826 
 
 man-months 
 
 J un6 
 
 AXIO'J.I cL. iWOWing 
 
 X X J uuu a.c re s 
 
 10 acres 
 
 o<co T 
 
 OC 
 
 33 
 
 
 
 
 IX, uuu acres 
 
 icu acres 
 
 410 T 
 
 oc 
 
 17 
 
 
 
 Shocking by hand 
 
 li,uuu acres 
 
 2^ acres 
 
 "2 "2 A A /^J* 
 
 o, 300 (of 
 
 25 
 
 132 
 
 (half- 
 
 
 
 
 (in 5 hours) 
 
 5 hours )f' 
 
 
 
 time ) 
 
 
 
 fi fifift tones 
 
 + o n G 
 
 1 717 + 
 
 CO 
 
 69 
 
 
 
 Grain: Threshing by stationary 
 
 47,180 sacks 
 
 40 sacks 
 
 1,062 (of 
 
 25 
 
 43 
 
 
 
 
 
 (in 10 hours) 
 
 10 hours)t 
 
 
 
 
 
 Threshing by combined 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 harvester 
 
 3,340 acres 
 
 4 acres 
 
 501+ 
 
 25 
 
 20 
 
 
 
 Grain hay: Trimming 
 
 2,040 acres 
 
 5 acres 
 
 204^ 
 
 12 
 
 17 
 
 (from 1st 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 to 15th) 
 
 
 Baling 
 
 20,690 acres 
 
 3 tons 
 
 5,172+ 
 
 25 
 
 207 
 
 
 Table continued on next page. ^ 
 

 
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 X 
 
 
 
 Table 3 
 
 continued . 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Required 
 
 Available 
 
 Required number 
 
 Month 
 
 Crop and task 
 
 Size of task 
 
 Output per man-day 
 
 man -days 
 
 days 
 
 of 
 
 v;orkers* 
 
 June 
 
 Potatoes (Irish): Picking up, 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 (continued) 
 
 grading, and putting in lugs 
 
 o , 4ou f 4UU pounds 
 
 o,dUO pounds 
 
 r» ^ 0 
 
 10 
 
 96 
 
 (from 20th 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 to 30th) 
 
 
 Sugar beets: First hoeing 
 
 400 acres 
 
 1.0 acre 
 
 400 
 
 25 
 
 16 
 
 
 
 Second hoeing 
 
 oUU acres 
 
 1,25 acres 
 
 640 
 
 25 
 
 26 
 
 
 
 Sweet corn: Suckering 
 
 376 acres 
 
 3 acres 
 
 126 
 
 12 
 
 11 
 
 (from 15th 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 to 30th) 
 
 
 Tomatoes: Hoeing 
 
 954 acres 
 
 2 acres 
 
 477 
 
 25 
 
 19 
 
 
 
 Dusting 
 
 1,438 acres 
 
 5 acres 
 
 287 
 
 25 
 
 12 
 
 
 
 Apples: Thinning 
 
 254 acres 
 
 0.2 acre 
 
 952 ' 
 
 12 
 
 80 
 
 (from 15th 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 to 30th) 
 
 
 Apricots: Picking 
 
 oou xons 
 
 i,ouU pounds 
 
 554 
 
 5 
 
 111 
 
 (from 25th 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 to 30th) 
 
 
 Cutting for drying 
 
 oov 1.0ns 
 
 DUO pounds 
 
 T A A r\ 
 
 1 , 440 
 
 5 
 
 288 
 
 (from 25th 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 to 30th) 
 
 
 Other dry-yard work 
 
 oou tons 
 
 11 hours per green 
 
 396 
 
 5 
 
 80 
 
 (from £5th 
 
 
 
 
 ton 
 
 
 
 
 to 30th) 
 
 
 Berries, Youngberries: Picking, 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Chino district 
 
 14,£;40 crates 
 
 8 crates of 24 
 
 1 , 780 
 
 25 
 
 72 
 
 
 
 
 
 baskets 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Cherries: Picking 
 
 178 tons 
 
 200 pounds 
 
 1 , 780 
 
 25 
 
 72 
 
 
 
 Sorting and packing 
 
 xio tons 
 
 800 pounds 
 
 445 
 
 25 
 
 18 
 
 
 
 Citrus, Grapefruit: Picking 
 
 138,130 field 
 
 100 boxes 
 
 1,382 
 
 24 
 
 58 
 
 
 
 
 boxes 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Oranges: Picking 
 
 Dc;o,iOO field 
 
 50 boxes 
 
 12, 502 
 
 24 
 
 521 
 
 
 
 
 boxes 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Lemons: Picking 
 
 135,7<i0 field 
 
 10 boxes 
 
 13, 672 
 
 24 
 
 570 
 
 
 
 
 boxes 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Grapes: Sulphuring, all 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 acreage 
 
 26,383 acres 
 
 10 acres 
 
 2,639 
 
 25 
 
 106 
 
 
 
 Peaches (cling): ThinningxT 
 
 904 acres 
 
 U.eiU acre 
 
 3 , 014T 
 
 10 
 
 302 
 
 (from 1st 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 to 10th) 
 
 
 (freestone): Thinning<^ 
 
 diio acres 
 
 0.25 acre 
 
 684T 
 
 10 
 
 69 
 
 (from 1st 
 
 
 (freestone): Picking 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 to 10th) 
 
 
 ooi Lons 
 
 i,3DU pounds 
 
 1 , 232 
 
 12 
 
 103 
 
 (for two 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 weeks) 
 
 Table continued on next page. 
 
I Pi 
 
 ' i • 
 
 ,1 - 
 
Table 5 continued. 
 
 Month 
 
 June 
 (continued) 
 
 July 
 
 C rop and task 
 
 Peaches: (continued) 
 
 (freestone): Packing 
 
 Totals 
 Alfalfa: Mowing 
 Raking 
 Shocking 
 
 Baling 
 
 Grain: Threshing by stationary 
 
 Grain hay: Baling 
 
 Potatoes (Irish): Picking up, 
 
 grading, and putting in 
 
 sacks 
 
 Sweet corn: Suckering 
 Picking and packing 
 
 Tomatoes: Hoeing 
 
 Dusting 
 Apples: Thinning 4 
 Apricots: Picking 
 
 Cutting for drying 
 
 Other dry-yard work ^ 
 
 Berries, Youngberries: Picking 
 Chino district only 
 
 Citrus, Grapefruit: Picking 
 
 Oranges: Picking 
 
 Lemons: Picking 
 
 Size of task 
 
 609 tons 
 
 11,000 acres 
 11,000 acres 
 11,000 acres 
 
 6,868 tons 
 20,220 sacks 
 
 6,896 tons 
 
 103,811 sacks 
 1,133 acres 
 41,605 lugs 
 
 954 acres 
 1,432 acres 
 762 acres 
 2,033 tons 
 
 2,033 tons 
 
 2,033 tons 
 
 890 crates 
 
 159,940 field 
 
 boxes 
 718,200 field 
 
 boxes 
 68,360 field 
 
 boxes 
 
 Output per man-day 
 
 1,725 pounds 
 
 10 acres 
 20 acres 
 2^ acres (in 5 
 
 hours) 
 3 tons 
 
 40 sacks (in 10 
 hours) 
 3 tons 
 
 40 sacks 
 3 acres 
 70 lugs 
 
 2 acres 
 5 acres 
 0.2 acre 
 1,300 pounds 
 
 500 pounds 
 
 11 hours per green 
 ton 
 
 8 crates of 24 
 
 baskets 
 100 boxes 
 
 50 boxes 
 
 10 boxes 
 
 Required 
 man-days 
 
 707 
 
 59.265 
 
 825 r 
 
 413 1 
 3,300 (of 
 5 hours )+ 
 1,717 + 
 456 (of 
 10 hours )t 
 l,725t 
 
 2,596 
 378 
 298t 
 
 477 
 287 
 2,856t 
 3,128 
 
 8,132 
 
 2,236 
 
 112 
 1,600 
 14,364 
 6,836 
 
 Available 
 days 
 
 12 
 
 26 
 26 
 26 
 
 26 
 26 
 
 26 
 
 26 
 26 
 13 
 
 26 
 26 
 26 
 22 
 
 22 
 
 22 
 
 4 
 24 
 24 
 24 
 
 Required number 
 of workers* 
 
 59 (for two 
 
 weeks ) 
 
 2.571 man-months 
 
 32 
 16 
 
 127 (half-time) 
 
 66 
 18 
 
 67 
 
 100 
 15 
 
 23 (from 15th 
 to 31st) 
 
 19 
 11 
 110 
 
 143 (from 1st to 
 
 25th) 
 370 (from 1st to 
 
 25th) 
 102 (from 1st to 
 
 25th) 
 
 28f(from 1st to 
 4th) 
 
 67 
 599 
 285 
 
 Table continued on next page . 
 
 h-' 
 
• ; ■ 
 
 ■I'.;.' ^ 
 
 
 
 - - ; ■■ . ■ 
 
 ..1 / ■ ■ 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
ialDie o CO 
 
 r 
 
 Manth 
 
 ntmuea 
 
 i 
 
 
 Rf Qui rpd 
 
 * * ^ \^ JL X V-r 
 
 A vai 1 ab 1 e 
 
 Required number 
 
 CroD and task 
 
 Size of task 
 
 Output cer man-day 
 
 man-days 
 
 days 
 
 of 
 
 workers* 
 
 July 
 
 ( continued) 
 
 Peaches (freestone): Picking 
 
 Packing 
 rluins. riCKing 
 
 Totals 
 
 1,108 tons 
 831 tons 
 fi'^O t ons 
 
 1,350 pounds 
 2,300 pounds 
 1,000 pounds 
 
 1»642 
 723 
 1,260 
 
 26 
 
 2S 
 26 
 
 64 
 28 
 49 
 
 
 
 
 55.361 
 
 26 
 
 2.130 
 
 inan-months 
 
 August 
 
 Alfalfa: Mowing 
 ficiKing 
 Shocking 
 
 11,000 acres 
 11,000 acres 
 
 10 acres 
 
 20 acres 
 
 21 acres 
 
 825 -t 
 413t 
 3,300 fcf 
 
 25 
 25 
 25 
 
 •JO 
 
 17 
 
 ( Vin 1 f— + 1 mp \ 
 \lla.XL if J. lUC / 
 
 
 
 (in 5 hours) 
 
 5 hours )'t 
 
 
 
 
 
 Baling 
 
 6,868 tons 
 308 acres 
 
 3 tons 
 0.66 acre 
 (in 4 hours) 
 
 1,717 t 
 462 (of 
 4 hours) 
 
 25 
 12 
 
 69 
 oy 
 
 y 1 I OIIl A. O vli 
 
 to 31st) 
 
 
 i nresnmg 
 
 1 SPd sacks 
 
 25 sacks 
 
 63 
 
 6 
 
 1 1 
 
 ( from 24t h 
 to 31st) 
 
 
 Sugar beets: Topping and 
 xoauing 
 
 7 746 tons 
 
 5 tons 
 
 1,550 
 
 24 
 
 65 
 
 (from 1st 
 to 15th) 
 
 
 Sweet corn: Suckering 
 
 378 acres 
 
 3 acres 
 
 126 
 
 12 
 
 11 
 
 
 Pi ckinff and oackinsr 
 
 Tomat opc? 1 Pi ckinc 
 
 145,617 lugs 
 2,135 tons 
 
 70 lugs 
 1 ton 
 
 1 , 040 t 
 2,135 
 
 25 
 13 
 
 
 ( f*v»nm 1 ^+ H 
 \ 1 I Ulll X*J 
 
 to 31st) 
 
 
 Citrus, Grapefruit: Picking 
 
 152,670 field 
 boxes 
 
 100 boxes 
 
 1,527 
 
 24 
 
 64) 
 ) 
 
 
 
 Oranges: Picking 
 
 'SSft .- nn f i p1 H boxec 
 
 50 boxps 
 
 11,172 
 
 24 
 
 466 ) 
 
 673 
 
 
 iJClIlUXio* rxuj\±iig 
 
 34 180 field boxes 
 
 10 boxes 
 
 3,418 
 
 24 
 
 143) 
 
 
 
 Peaches (cling): Picking 
 (freestone): Picking 
 
 6,497 tons 
 3,323 tons 
 
 1 ton 
 
 1,500 pounds 
 
 4,872-f 
 4,431 
 
 25 
 25 
 
 195 
 1 78 
 
 
 
 (freestone): Packing 
 
 2,492 tons 
 
 2,300 pounds 
 
 2,167 
 
 25 
 
 87 
 
 
 
 Plums: Picking 
 Totals 
 
 210 tons 
 
 1,000 pounds 
 
 420 
 
 25 
 
 17 
 
 
 
 
 
 39.638 
 
 25 
 
 1.586 
 
 man-months 
 
 September 
 
 Alfalfa: Mowing 
 
 11,000 acres 
 
 10 acres 
 
 825 t- 
 
 26 
 
 32 
 
 
 
 Rfl ki 
 
 11,000 acres 
 
 20 acres 
 
 413 t 
 
 26 
 
 16 
 
 (half-time) 
 
 
 Shocking 
 
 11,000 acres 
 
 2^ acres 
 (in 5 hours) 
 
 3,300 
 5 hours)!* 
 
 26 
 
 127 
 
 
 Baling 
 
 6,868 tons 
 
 3 tons 
 
 1,717 f 
 
 26 
 
 66 
 
 
 
 Beans: Piling 
 
 2,463 acres 
 
 0.66 acre 
 (in 4 hours) 
 
 3,695 (of 
 4 hours) 
 
 26 
 
 142 
 
 
 
 Threshing 
 
 25,024 sacks 
 
 25 sacks 
 
 1,001 
 
 26 
 
 39 
 
 
 Table continued on next page. 
 

 
 1 - 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ! . - ■ 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 - - . . . i * ■ * 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 » 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 a." J , • 
 
 
 
 
 
Table 5 continued 
 
 Required j Available 
 man-days ■ 
 
 Month 
 
 Septomber 
 ( continued) 
 
 October 
 
 Crop and task 
 
 jSize of task 
 
 ; Output per man-day 
 
 Corn (ensilage): Cutting by 
 hand and loading trucks 
 
 Topping and 
 
 Sugar beets: 
 loading 
 
 Sweet corn: Picking and packin^l4 
 Tomatoes: Picking 
 Apples: Picking 
 Packing 
 
 Citrus, Grapefruit: Picking 
 Oranges: Picking 
 Lemons: Picking 
 Grapes: Picking 
 Peaches (cling): Picking 
 (freestone): Picking 
 Walnuts: Shaking off, picking 
 up and hulling by hand 
 Totals 
 Alfalfa: Mowing 
 Raking 
 Shocking 
 
 Baling 
 Beans: Piling 
 
 Threshing 
 
 Corn (ensilage): Cutting by 
 hand, and loading trucks 
 
 Sweet potatoes: Picking up, 
 hauling and dumping 
 
 Picking up and packing in 
 field 
 
 Sugar beets: Topping and loading 
 
 200 acres 
 
 7,548 tons 
 
 5,617 lugs 
 4,270 tons 
 1,044 tons 
 679 tons 
 
 94,510 field boxes 
 625,100 field boxes 
 51,270 field boxes 
 21,382 tons 
 1,624 tons 
 277 tons 
 
 1.566 tons 
 
 11,000 seres 
 11,000 acres 
 11,000 acres 
 
 6,868 tons 
 308 acres 
 
 4,692 sacks 
 
 664 acres 
 75,636 lugs 
 
 75,636 lugs 
 4,568 tons 
 
 0,5 acre 
 
 5 tons 
 70 lugs 
 1 ton 
 
 3,000 pounds 
 3,o00 pounds 
 100 boxes 
 50 boxes 
 10 boxes 
 t;,400 pounds 
 1 ton 
 
 1,500 pounds 
 
 200 pounds 
 
 10 acres 
 20 acres 
 2 A acres 
 
 (in 5 hours) 
 3 tons 
 0.66 acre 
 
 (in 4 hours) 
 25 sacks 
 
 0.5 acre 
 
 100 lugs of 32 
 pounds 
 
 35 lugs of 32 
 
 pounds 
 5 tons 
 
 400 
 
 1,510 
 1,040 t 
 
 4,270 
 696 
 377 
 945 
 12,502 
 5,127 
 17,818 
 1,218 + 
 370 
 
 15.660 
 
 72.884 
 
 825 t- 
 413 t 
 3,300 (of 
 5 hours )1' 
 1,717 T 
 
 462 (of 
 4 hours) 
 188 
 
 1,328 
 606 t 
 
 l,729f 
 914 
 
 cays 
 
 10 
 
 24 
 25 
 26 
 26 
 26 
 24 
 24 
 24 
 26 
 26 
 26 
 
 26 
 
 26 
 
 24 
 24 
 24 
 
 24 
 12 
 
 12 
 
 24 
 12 
 
 12 
 24 
 
 Required number 
 of workers* 
 
 40 (from iiOth 
 to 30th) 
 
 63 
 40 
 165 
 27 
 15 
 40) 
 521) 
 214) 
 686 
 47 
 15 
 
 775 
 
 603 
 
 2.804 man-months 
 
 35 
 18 
 
 138 (half-time) 
 72 
 
 39 (from 1st 
 to 15th) 
 
 16 (from 1st 
 to 15th) 
 
 56 
 
 51 (from 1st 
 to 31st) 
 
 144 (from 1st 
 to 31st) 
 
 38 
 
 Te.ble continued on next page . 
 
Table 3 continued 
 
 1 
 
 — =— 1 
 
 r— 
 
 
 Required 
 
 Availacle 
 
 Required number 
 
 Month 1 
 
 Crop end task 
 
 Size of task 
 
 Output Der man-day 
 
 man -days 
 
 days 
 
 of 
 
 
 October 
 
 Sweet corn: Picking and packing 
 
 83,210 lugs 
 
 70 lugs 
 
 595-t 
 
 12 
 
 
 \ X 1 WIU jL o u 
 
 ( continued) 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 to 15th) 
 
 
 Tomatoeo; Picking 
 
 4,270 tons 
 
 1 ton 
 
 4,270 
 
 24 
 
 178 
 
 
 
 Apples: Picking 
 
 3,655 tons 
 
 3,000 pounds 
 
 2,031 
 
 24 
 
 85 
 
 
 
 Packing 
 
 2,454 tons 
 
 5,600 pounds 
 
 1,364 
 
 24 
 
 57 
 
 
 
 Citrus, Grapefruit: Picking 
 
 50,890 field 
 
 100 boxes 
 
 509 
 
 24 
 
 22 
 
 
 
 
 boxes 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Oranges: Picking 
 
 704,900 field 
 
 • 50 boxes 
 
 14,098 
 
 24 
 
 
 
 
 
 boxes 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Lemons: Picking 
 
 68,360 field 
 
 12 boxes 
 
 5,697 
 
 24 
 
 238 
 
 
 
 
 boxes 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Grapes: Picking 
 
 21,382 tons 
 
 2,400 pounds 
 
 17,818 
 
 24 
 
 743 
 
 
 
 Mlnuts: Shaking off, picking 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 up, and hulling by hand 
 
 1,566 tons 
 
 200 pounds 
 
 15.660 
 
 24 
 
 653 
 
 
 
 Totals 
 
 
 
 73.524 
 
 24 
 
 3.064 
 
 man-months 
 
 November 
 
 Corn (ensilage): Cutting by 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 hand, and loading trucks 
 
 465 acres 
 
 0.5 acre 
 
 930 
 
 18 
 
 52 
 
 I from 1 "^t to 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 20th) 
 
 
 Sweet potatoes: Picking up, 
 
 
 
 606 t 
 
 
 
 
 
 hauling in and dumping 
 
 75,636 lugs 
 
 100 lugs of 32 
 
 12 
 
 51 
 
 (from 1st to 
 
 
 
 
 pounds 
 
 
 
 
 15th) 
 
 
 Picking up and packing in 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 field 
 
 75,636 lugs 
 
 35 lugs of 32 
 
 1,729 f 
 
 12 
 
 144 
 
 (from 1st to 
 
 
 
 
 pounds 
 
 
 
 
 15th) 
 
 
 Apples: Pruning 
 
 76 acres 
 
 0.17 acre 
 
 92 t 
 
 10 
 
 10 
 
 (from 20th to 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 30th) 
 
 
 Picking 
 
 522 tons 
 
 3,000 pounds 
 
 348 
 
 10 
 
 35 
 
 (from 1st to 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 10th) 
 
 
 Packing 
 
 313 tons 
 
 3,600 pounds 
 
 174 
 
 10 
 
 18 
 
 ( from 1st tc 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 10th) 
 
 
 Citrus, Oranges: Picking 
 
 319,200 field 
 
 50 boxes 
 
 6,384 
 
 24 
 
 ?6fi 
 
 
 
 
 boxes 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Lemons: Picking 
 
 85,450 field 
 
 12 boxes 
 
 7,121 
 
 24 
 
 297 
 
 
 
 
 boxes 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Grapes: Picking 
 
 10,690 tons 
 
 2,400 pounds 
 
 8,909 
 
 12 
 
 743 
 
 (from 1st to 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 15th) 
 
 Table continued on next page. 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ...... i ■: ..• : - 
 
 • 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ■ '- : 
 
 : 
 
 - 
 
 
 
 
 r ■ 
 
 
 
 
 ■ 
 
 
 
 : ": i 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 i 
 
 ... ; 
 
 
 
 - 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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 . ' , ■ ' -•' 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 \ ' '' -' ■ 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 -- ... 
 
 
 
 
 
 , \ i 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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 » « 
 
 * 
 
Table Z continued. 
 
 1 — — ^ ' 
 
 ll J. 1 
 
 Month 
 
 Crop and task 
 
 1 — 1 
 jSizs of task 
 
 Output per man-day 
 
 Required 
 man-days 
 
 Available 
 days 
 
 Required number 
 of v/orkers* 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 (continued) 
 
 up, and hulling by hand 
 
 348 tons 
 
 200 pounds 
 
 3,480 
 
 10 
 
 348 (from 1st 
 to 10th) 
 
 
 Totals 
 
 
 
 29.773 
 
 24 
 
 1 , 241 man-months 
 
 December 
 
 Corn (Milo) for grain: 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Cutting heads by hand 
 
 325 acres 
 
 0,75 acre 
 
 434 
 
 10 
 
 44 (from 1st 
 
 
 Threshing by stationary 
 Cutting by combine 
 
 2,782 sacks 
 325 acres 
 
 100 sacks 
 5 acres 
 
 28 
 22 t 
 
 6 
 21 
 
 to 15th) 
 5 (for 6 days) 
 1 
 
 
 Apples: Pruning 
 
 
 
 04o T 
 
 21 
 
 26 
 
 
 Citrus, Oranges: Picking 
 
 492,100 field 
 boxes 
 
 50 boxes 
 
 9,842 
 
 21 
 
 469 
 
 
 Licinons. ricKing 
 
 00,450 field 
 
 16 boxes 
 
 5,341 
 
 21 
 
 255 
 
 
 
 boxus 
 
 
 
 
 
 Grapes: Pruning 
 
 2,u38 acres 
 
 0.75 acre 
 
 2,638 
 
 10 
 
 264 (from 15th 
 
 
 Burning brush 
 
 2,638 acres 
 
 2 acres 
 
 660 t 
 
 10 
 
 to 31st) 
 66 (from 15th 
 to 31st) 
 
 
 Totals 
 
 
 — — — i 
 
 19,513 
 
 21 
 
 930 man-months 
 
 * On a monthly basis, unless otherwise noted. 
 
 ■)* Estimated portion of work doni by seasonal labor. 
 
 ^Youngbarry harvest may require three or four pickers per acre during the peak in June. 
 
 r 
 
 9 Fruit thinning varies greatly in amount, and frequently is not done when set is lieht. Figures e 
 for a good "set" of fruit. e e 
 
 '^J Data on labor used in drying apricots are from University of California Agr. Ext. Serv. Bui. 388. 
 
TABLE 4 
 
 Summary of Seasonal Labor Needs by Months 
 San Bernardino County 
 
 Month 
 
 Required man-days 
 of seasonal labor 
 
 Available 
 work days 
 
 Required man-months 
 of seasonal labor 
 
 January 
 
 50,143 
 
 19 
 
 2,640 
 
 February 
 
 54,316 
 
 22 
 
 2,469 
 
 March 
 
 53,650 
 
 23 
 
 2,333 
 
 April 
 
 83,811 
 
 23 
 
 3,644 
 
 May 
 
 70,660 
 
 25 
 
 2,826 
 
 June 
 
 59,265 
 
 25 
 
 2,371 
 
 July 
 
 55,361 
 
 26 
 
 2,130 
 
 August 
 
 39,638 
 
 25 
 
 1,586 
 
 September 
 
 72,884 
 
 26 
 
 2,804 
 
 October 
 
 73,524 
 
 24 
 
 3,064 
 
 November 
 
 29,773 
 
 24 
 
 1,241 
 
 December 
 
 19,513 
 
 21 
 
 930 
 
 Total 
 
 662,538 
 
 
 28,038 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
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