HIS EXCELLENCY 
 
 JOHN W. GEARY, 
 
 c 
 
 I 
 
 rj 
 I 
 
 I 
 
 I 
 
 TO THE 
 
 General Assembly 
 
 i 
 
 OF 
 
 PENNSYLVANIA, 
 
 January 8, 1873. 
 
 HARK1SBURG: 
 
 HKNJ. SINGE RLY, STATE PR1NTKH. 
 1873.
 
 MESSAGE 
 
 OF 
 
 HIS EXCELLENCY 
 
 ;r 
 
 JOHN W. GEARY 
 
 WlTH COMPLIMENTS OF 
 
 EARY. 
 
 8, 1873- 
 
 HARRISBURG: 
 
 BENJAMIN SINOERLY, STATE PRINTER, 
 1873.

 
 MESSAGE 
 
 OF 
 
 HIS EXCELLENCY 
 
 ;T 
 
 JOHN W. GEARY 
 
 TO THE 
 
 GENERAL ASSEMBLY 
 
 OF 
 
 PENNSYLVANIA, 
 
 JAJNTJ.ARY 8, 1878- 
 
 HARRISBURG: 
 
 BENJAMIN SINOERLY, STATE PRINTER, 
 1873.
 
 MESSAGE. 
 
 To the Senate and House of Representatives of the Common- 
 wealth of Pennsylvania : 
 
 GKXTLEMEN : In obedience to the requirements of the 
 Constitution I have the honor of transmitting to you my 
 sixth annual message. Since your last meeting the general 
 course of events, both State and National, has been so pro- 
 pitious as to afford abundant cause for mutual congratula- 
 tion/ and of thanksgiving to that Almighty Providence whose 
 will controls the destinies of all. While we have been exempt 
 from the calamity by tire that has befallen the metropolis of 
 a great sister State, her misfortune has inured to the benefit 
 of our people by the enlistment of that sympathy for the suf- 
 fering which is one of the most ennobling sentiments of the 
 human heart. The seasons, though not so favorable for the 
 productions of our soil as in some past years, have been suf- 
 ficiently fruitful ; and no general epidemic has appeared to 
 disturb the pursuits, or fill with sorrow the hearts of our 
 population. Our mining industries, manufactures and in- 
 ternal commerce are being constantly enlarged and extended, 
 and their enterprising proprietors are generally receiving re- 
 munerative returns. 
 
 A great political conflict has occurred, resulting in a signal 
 triumph of che same principles that were asserted in the 
 restoration of the Union, the amendments of the Constitu- 
 tion, and the reconstruction of the States. The victory in 
 Pennsylvania was decisive of the victory in the Nation ; and 
 will ever be remembered as an inestimable contribution to 
 Mie harmony, prosperity and glory of the country. Theelec-
 
 ANNUAL MESSAGE OP THE 
 
 tion of the soldier, who "is first in war," to the oflice thar 
 makes him "first in peace," was an appropriate exhibition of 
 national gratitude, and inspires the deepest feelings of satis- 
 faction "in the hearts of his countrymen." 
 
 While the Constitution wisely withholds from the Governor 
 all power of interference in legislation, it imposes upon him 
 the duty of laying before the General Assembly such infor- 
 mation of the state of affairs, and recommending to their 
 consideration such measures as he may deem expedient and 
 important to the public welfare. 
 
 I am happy to inform you that peace and good order have 
 been maintained by the enforcement of just and equal laws, 
 and the legitimate exercise of authority continues to find an 
 enduring basis of support in the intelligence, affections and 
 moral sense of the people. 
 
 FINANCES. 
 
 The credit of the State remains unquestioned abroad, be- 
 cause her public faith has been inviolabty maintained at home. 
 The following condensed statement of the receipts, expendi- 
 tures and indebtedness of the Commonwealth is respectfully 
 submitted : 
 
 Receipts. 
 
 Balance in Treasury November 30, 1871 $!, 476, 808 51* 
 
 Ordinary receipts during the fiscal year ending No- 
 vember 30, 1872 7, 148, 637 45 
 
 Total in Treasury during year ending Nov. 30, 1872, $.8, 625, 446 04 
 
 Disbursement*. 
 
 Ordinary expenses paid during year 
 
 ending November 30, 1872 $2,960,631 55 
 
 Loans, &c., redeemed 2, 476, 326 00 
 
 Interest on loans paid 1, 706.032 88 
 
 Total disbursements $7 ? 142, 990 43 
 
 Balance in Treasury November 30, 1872 $1, 482, 455 61
 
 GOVERNOR OP PENNSYLVANIA. 5 
 
 PuUic Debt. 
 
 The public debt on Nov. 30, 1871, was, $28. 980. 071 73 
 
 Add Chambersburg certificates 299, 748 91 
 
 Add Agricultural College Laud Scrip 
 fund, held in trust, as per Act ap- 
 proved April 3, 1872 500. 000 00 
 
 -$29,779,820 .64 
 
 Deduct amount paid by Commissioners of the Sink- 
 ing Fund during the year ending Nov. 30, 1872 ... 2, 476, 326 00 
 
 Public debt, November 30, 1872 $27. 303, 494 64 
 
 Deduct assets in Sinking Fund $9, 300, 000 00 
 
 And cash balance in Treasur}' , i, 482, 455 61 
 
 Amount of assets and cash $10, 782, 455 61 
 
 Balance of public debt unprovided for $16, 521, 039 03 
 
 which can be extinguished in ten years by the annual payment of 
 one million six hundred thousand dollars. 
 
 Daring the last six years payments on the debt have been 
 
 made as follow: 
 
 Amount paid in 1867 . v , $1,794,644 50 
 
 Do 1868 : 2, 414, 816^64 
 
 Do 1869 472,406 18 
 
 Do 1870 , 1,702,87905 
 
 Do 1871 2,131,59017 
 
 Do 1872 2, 476, 32G 00 
 
 Total payments $ 10, 992, 662 54 
 
 Being a little over tii-enty-nine per cent, on the debt due De- 
 cember 1, 1SGG, which was then 837,704,409 77. 
 
 Sinking Fund. 
 
 In remarking upon this subject, I trust it will be instruc- 
 tive to refer, briefly, to some of the facts relating to the accu- 
 mulation and payment of the public debt, and the origin of 
 the assets arising from the sale of the public improvements.
 
 <J ANNUAL MESSAGE OF TFIE 
 
 However wise our predecessors were in opening avenues 
 for trade and commerce, and however great were the benefits 
 resulting to the people from the internal improvements <>l 
 the State, it is obvious, that while those of other States rarely 
 failed to become sources of revenue, the management of ours 
 was such as to produce results widely different. A large ma- 
 jority of the tax-payers, therefore, after long and patient en- 
 durance, becoming dissatisfied with their management, de- 
 manded they should be sold ; assuming it would be a measure 
 of economy, and would prevent an increase of the public ob- 
 ligations. 
 
 The construction of the improvements resulted in a public- 
 debt, which, in 18.32, reached its maximum, $41,524,875 37. 
 The interest, premiums and other expenses that have been 
 paid upon the debt, from its incipiency to November 30, 18 r <2, 
 sum up $76,845,744 99 ; and make the entire expenditure on 
 account of the public works, 118,370,020 36. 
 
 In pursuance of law r the State canals and railroads were 
 sold in 1857, for eleven million dollars in bonds; upon which 
 the State has received $1,700,000 00 in cash, and $9,300,000 00 
 remain in the hands of the Commissioners of the Sinking 
 Fund, as follows, viz : 
 
 Bonds of the Pennsylvania Railroad Company, secured 
 
 by lien on the Philadelphia and Columbia Railroad, 5,800,000 00 
 
 Thirty-five bonds of the Allegheny Valley Railroad 
 Company, each for $100,000, guarantied by the 
 Pennsylvania Railroad Company, Northern Central 
 Railwaj 7 Company, and the Philadelphia and Erie 
 Railroad Company, payable $100,000 annually, be- 
 ginning January, 1875, bearing 5 per cent, interest 
 from January 1. 1872 3,500,000 00 
 
 Amount of assets 9, 300, 000 C*i
 
 QOVERNOR OP PENNSYLVANIA. 7 
 
 Remarks on the foregoing Financial Statements. 
 
 The proper and efficient management of the finances is 
 one of the most important duties of the administration of the 
 State government. The collection of the revenue ; the eco- 
 nomical expenditure; the safe keeping of the public moneys, 
 and well-guarded appropriation hills, are always questions of 
 deep interest to the tax-payers of the State. 
 
 It is a lasting honor to the people of Pennsylvania, that 
 they have never, even when struggling under the most op- 
 pressive burdens, permitted the integrity of the State to be 
 doubted, and now it cannot be otherwise than gratifying to 
 them, to learn the rapid extinguishment of the public indebt- 
 edness, the greater part of which was incurred for improve- 
 ments, which* as herein already shown, utterly failed to be 
 advantageous to her coffers. 
 
 The rapid reduction of the State debt, and the reduction of 
 taxation, have gone hand in hand thrpughout my entire 
 administration, and have constituted a marked portion of its 
 policy, attesting, at the same time, the concurrence and 
 wisdom of the Legislature, and the fidelity of those who have 
 been the custodians of the public funds. 
 
 This policy should be continued, and no attempt to cover 
 up or conceal the actual expenses of the government should 
 be made for the purpose of obtaining the people's consent to 
 appropriations, or enterprises of doubtful propriety; which 
 propositions, if coupled with a condition to raise the money 
 by immediate and direct taxation, would be unhesitatingly 
 rejected. 
 
 The Legislative appropriations, during the last six years, 
 made in aid of the various institutions for the support of 
 the deaf, dumb, blind, insane, feeble-minded, friendless, wan- 
 derers, orphans, soldiers' homes, hospitals, universities, houses 
 of correction, penitentiaries, and the payment of military ex- 
 penses, incurred during the war; expenses of government,
 
 ANNUAL MESSAGE OP THE 
 
 common schools, ami soldiers' orphans' schools, amount to 
 about $17,000,000 00. 
 
 The expenses of the soldiers' orphans' schools alone, dur- 
 ing the same time, is $3,407,543 11, and, although it is a 
 most noble and patriotic expenditure, it is, nevertheless, an 
 unusual one, and if such a necessity had not existed, the 
 reduction of the State debt, during their existence, would 
 have been nearly fifteen million dollars. 
 
 During the past six years, the current of legislation has 
 been steadily in favor of reduced taxation. Not only have 
 numerous local laws been enacted, exempting churches, ceme- 
 teries, schools, hospitals and other institutions from taxation, 
 but many general laws of the same character have been 
 passed, as is shown by the following enumeration : 
 
 By the "act to amend the revenue laws," approved, Feb- 
 ruary 23, 1800, all real estate in the Commonwealth was 
 thereafter made exempt from taxation for State purposes. 
 
 By the act approved March 30, 1800, all persons who 
 served nine months or upwards in the military service, or 
 who were honorably discharged therefrom by reason of 
 wounds or physical disability contracted therein, and their 
 property, were exonerated from all bounties, and per capita 
 tax and military tines. 
 
 The act of April 29, 1807, repealed all laws requiring pay- 
 ment of taxes to the State on sales of loans and stocks by 
 auctioneers. 
 
 By the act of April 10, 1807, all trustees, or owners ot 
 property to the value of thirty-live thousand dollars, used 
 for soldiers' orphans' schools, were exempted from all "county, 
 road, city, borough, poor and school taxes." 
 
 By the act of April 4, 1808, and the supplements thereto. 
 u all mortgages, judgments, recognizances, and moneys owing 
 upon articles of agreement for the sale of real estate," were 
 made " exempt from all taxation, except for State purposes."
 
 GOVERNOR OP PENNSYLVANIA. !) 
 
 By act approved January 3, 1868, all laws therein recited 
 were repealed, which imposed taxes upon " the shares of 
 stock held by any stockholder in any institution or company- 
 incorporated under the laws of this State, which in its corpo- 
 rate capacity is liable to, and pays into the State Treasury 
 the tax on capital stock imposed" by the acts therein recited. 
 
 The act of June 2, 1871, repealed so much of the law of 
 April 20, 1844, as imposed a tax of two per cent, on salaries, 
 trades, offices, occupations and professions. 
 
 And by the act of April 3, 1872, the sixth section of the 
 law of April 21, 1854, was repealed, which imposed a tax of 
 one-half of one per cent, on the capital stock of all corpora- 
 tions created under laws "to enable joint tenants, tenants in 
 common, and adjoining owners of mineral lands, to manage 
 and develope the same." 
 
 In view of these facts, the practical questions now are, can 
 any further reductions be properly made? And if so, on 
 what subjects ? 
 
 Heretofore on several occasions 1 have invited the atten- 
 tion of the Legislature to the importance of adopting a more 
 liberal policy towards those citizens who are engaged in in- 
 dustrial enterprises which employ large numbers of working- 
 men, and tend to develop the resources of the Commonwealth. 
 Involving great risks, and requiring for their successful con- 
 duct a large amount of capital, these operations have been, 
 in the main, conducted by means of associations, organized 
 under the general laws which regulate the incorporation of 
 manufacturing, mining and improvement companies. These 
 laws, while they resemble in their principal features the 
 liberal systems in force in other States, fail in their ostensible 
 purpose of encouraging manufacturing industry, because the 
 privileges they grant are enormously burdened with taxation. 
 
 This may be illustrated, by supposing the case of twenty 
 persons, who each subscribe five thousand dollars to the stock 
 of a company organized for the purpose of producing oil, or
 
 10 ANNUAL MESSAGE OP THE 
 
 mining ore or coal, or manufacturing cotton or woolen goods, 
 iron or steel, or any other commodity. The fund thus created 
 must be expended in lands, buildings and permanent improve- 
 ments, it-Inch are taxable for all purposes to the same extent as 
 if they were owned by an individual operator. In addition to 
 tli is the company must pay a bonus of one-fourth of one per 
 rent, to the Commonwealth upon its stock amounting to the sum 
 of tiro hundred and fifty dollars. It is thereafter liable to an 
 annual tax upon its capital stock at the rate of one-half mill 
 for each one per cent, of dividends made or declared. In case of 
 no dividends having been made or declared, then three mills 
 upon the appraised value of the stock. Also, a tax of three per 
 cent, upon the entire amount of net earnings or income. Also, 
 a tax of five per cent, on all interest paid to bondholders and 
 other creditors. (For all these taxes, see act of May 1, 1868.) 
 
 An individual, wealthy enough to furnish a hundred thou- 
 sand dollars in similar business, would be wholly free from 
 these exactions. The State imposes none of these burdens 
 upon him. It does not keep an espionage upon his business, 
 or demand from him sworn statements of his annual profits. 
 It discriminates in his favor against the association of small 
 capitalists which it professes to encourage. And without 
 sharing in any of the stockholder's risks, it makes itself a 
 partner in their profits and follows them with a grasping hand, 
 and a never-ceasing official vigilance of an inquisitorial char- 
 acter over their affairs. 
 
 Such conditions are unknown to the laws of New England, 
 New York and other rival manufacturing States, which, with- 
 out exception, carefully prohibit duplicating of taxes upon 
 their own industry. Stock in manufacturing companies is 
 generally taxed by them at its value, like other personal pro- 
 perty, but first the value of all real estate represented by the 
 stock is deducted, and made taxable like the property of 
 other individuals in the region where the lauds are located. 
 It is by such liberal provisions that these States have fostered
 
 GOVERNOR OF PENNSYLVANIA. 11 
 
 their industries and maintained a monoply of capital and 
 supremacy in manufactures. 
 
 The western and southern States, for many years our cus 7 
 roniers, are beginning to be our rivals : and desiring to draw 
 to themselves the benefits flowing from diversified industry, 
 they are enacting the most liberal laws for the encourage- 
 ment of corporate and individual efforts to establish manufac- 
 tories, and in addition to this, towns and cities are giving 
 large subsidies to secure the erection of mills and factories 
 within their limits. Notwithstanding the discovery of large 
 bodies of coal in the western States, and their close prox- 
 imity to vast masses of pure ores, Pennsylvania would still 
 possess at least equal, if not superior, attractions for the in- 
 vestment of capital, were it -not for her oppressive tax laws ; 
 all of which have a tendency to drive capitalists beyond her 
 borders to seek locations less burdened for their investments. 
 
 Nothing but very strong necessity could justify such a 
 variely of taxes upon the same thing. And if any justifica- 
 tion ever existed, I believe it to exist no longer. The time 
 has come when, with proper diligence in collecting and 
 economy in expenditures, the State can well afford a reduc- 
 tion of taxation ; and legislation in that direction should be 
 such as to relieve the undue burdens of taxation from every 
 form of productive industry. I would, therefore, recommend 
 that the enrolment tax upon private acts chartering indus- 
 trial companies, and the bonus upon stock of such companies 
 when organized under general laws, be considered a full 
 equivalent to the Commonwealth for the privileges of a char- 
 ter; and that all State taxes upon capital stock, net earn- 
 ings and dividends of manufacturing, mining and improve- 
 ment companies, and all co-operative associations, be re- 
 pealed. This reduction will amount to $549,554 23 the sum 
 collected last year. I also recommend the repeal of that 
 source of revenue known in the Auditor General's report as 
 " Tax on Loans," which amounts to $492,407 28.
 
 12 ANNUAL MESSAGE OP THE 
 
 It is confidently believed that with these proposed reduc- 
 tions, which amount to $1,041,961 51, the State can still pay 
 all her current expenses, the interest on the public debt, and 
 make an annual reduction of at least one million five hundred 
 thousand dollars upon the principal. 
 
 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 
 
 Numerous communications, signed by* many enterprising 
 and intelligent citizens, continue to reach me, on the subject 
 of a geological and mineralogical survey, urging me to com- 
 mend it to your careful consideration. 
 
 In my annual messages of 1870 and 1871, I laid before the 
 General Assembly the necessity for a continuation of the sur- 
 veys already made, in order that the mineralogical resources 
 of the State should be more fully and perfectly ascertained ; 
 and expressed the opinion that the results would be interest- 
 ing and valuable, not only to our citizens individually, but to 
 the entire country. 
 
 Assurances have been given by the officers of the "United 
 States Coast Survey" of the great interest they will take in 
 our State, in the event they carry out their intention to cross 
 the continent to connect the "Ocean lines of Coast Surveys." 
 This connection will pass through Pennsylvania, and will ma- 
 terially assist in determining and establishing one or more 
 points in each county through which the line will pass, aid in 
 triangulating so far as to enable us to rectify our county maps 
 and connect them in a correct map of the State. And as the 
 State Geologist progresses with his studies and examinations, 
 he should cause to be accurately represented upon the cor- 
 rected maps, by colors and other appropriate means, the va- 
 rious areas occupied by the different geological formations, 
 and place them in the possession of the people, for their in- 
 formation, prior to the completion and publication of a full 
 account of the survey. 
 
 A State map of the kind indicated, with all the discoveries 
 marked in proper colors thereon, would give to the thousands
 
 OP PENNSYLVANIA. 13 
 
 of visitors from our own country and from foreign lauds, who 
 will attend the Centennial celebration, some approximate idea 
 of the incalculable wealth beneath the soil of our State ; and 
 would have an importance in their sight that could be con- 
 veyed to them in no other possible manner. 
 
 The expenses of a geological corps, properly organized, and 
 such as would be competent to perform the duties required, 
 have been carefully estimated, and will not exceed forty-five 
 thousand dollars for the first year, and need not be quite as 
 much annually thereafter. In recommending this measure 
 two years ago, I said : " For want of a proper bureau of sta- 
 tistics, and a corps of observation and publication to collate 
 and relate the facts of our geology and mineralogy as they 
 have appeared, the State has already suffered severely. Much 
 valuable information has been lost, never to be recovered ; 
 and but little certain knowledge of past mining, and other 
 scientific operations, has been preserved to govern and assist 
 the future engineer. It is, therefore, neither wise nor just 
 policy to delay this work under the pretext that it may be 
 more perfectly effected at some future time. There is a pre- 
 sent necessity for it, though the time never will come when 
 such a work can be considered perfect. New developments 
 in mineral resources, as well as additional acquirements in 
 scientific knowledge, will constantly be made as long as the 
 world exists. The sooner, therefore, in rny opinion, a thor- 
 ough survey is authorized, the better it will be for the pro- 
 spective interests of the State, as well as for its present ne- 
 cessities." 
 
 The golden destiny of the Pacific States may well be en- 
 vied ; but our coal, ore, oil, lumber and soil are a much better 
 foundation for wealth and permanent greatness than the pro- 
 ducts of all their placers, and the transient prosperity they 
 have produced. Let us build upon an enduring basis and the 
 world will forever pay a golden tribute to our products and 
 industries the true wealth of Pennsylvania.
 
 14 ANNUAL MESSAGE OF THE 
 
 BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS AND OF AGRICULTURE. 
 
 By an act approved April 12, 1872, establishing- a ''Bureau 
 of Labor Statistics and of Agriculture," the Governor was 
 authorized to appoint a Commissioner of that Department. 
 Accordingly Thomas 0. Macdowell, of Dauphin county, was 
 appointed. He immediately established his office in the Capi- 
 tol building, as required by the act, and commenced the work 
 of collecting the necessary information and arranging the 
 statistical tables, in proper and convenient form to be laid 
 before the Legislature, and for distribution among our citi- 
 zens. 
 
 The functions of the commissioner embrace the examina- 
 tion of nearly all the varied industries of the State, and are 
 defined in the act as follows: "The duties of such officer- 
 shall be to collect, compile and systematize statistics, with 
 reference to the subject of labor in its relations to the social, 
 educational, industrial and general condition, wages and 
 treatment of all classes of working people, and how the same 
 affect our pertuaueut prosperity and productive industry. It 
 shall also be the duty of such Bureau to collect, collate and 
 classify statistics relating to the mineral, manufacturing, agri- 
 cultural and commercial productions of this Commonwealth." 
 The fourth section makes it the duty of the chief of such 
 Bureau to report annually to the Legislature, in convenient 
 form, the result of his investigations. 
 
 The act does not appropriate any money to defray the ne- 
 cessary contingent expenses of putting the Department in 
 working order, nor does it prescribe the manner of obtaining 
 the information required, or that it shall be furnished ; and it 
 leaves the commissioner without any means by which he can 
 obtain it, except by the voluntary act of those engaged in 
 business. These were evidently over-sights which will doubt- 
 less be corrected by an appropriation, and by the passage of 
 such enactments as will enable the commissioner to procure,
 
 GOVERNOR OF PENNSYLVANIA. 15 
 
 from the proper sources, the information required to cam- 
 out the intent and meaning of the law. 
 
 When it is remembered that Pennsylvania ranks second in 
 population ; second in manufactures ; sixth as a wheat grow- 
 ing State, and first in point of mineral wealth and resources, 
 among the States of the Union ; it should not be a question 
 of dollars and cents, whether her vast and varied resources 
 shall be left to be developed by the slow process of casual 
 discovery, or be properly introduced to the notice of capital- 
 ists at home and abroad, by authorized and official state- 
 ments of facts. 
 
 The information that will be furnished, will not only be of 
 great practical value to the citizens of the State, but it will 
 afford the representatives of the people, who are charged 
 from year to year with the responsibilities of legislation, the 
 best and most compendious source of information, the im- 
 portance of which can only be estimated by experience. 
 
 Pennsylvania stands pre-eminent for her mineral resources, 
 possessing, as she does, the only known anthracite coal fields, 
 of any consequence, whilst her iron ores, and oil are a source 
 of inexhaustible wealth, that defies computation. A few 
 items only are necessary to prove the correctness of these re- 
 marks. The production of coal, from the anthracite regions, 
 in 1820, was 365 tons; in 1870 it reached the enormous 
 amount of 19,951,585 tons, and it is estimated that the pro- 
 duct will be swelled in 1872, to upwards of 22,000,000 tons. 
 If the increase in the production of anthracite coal has been 
 so rapid and wonderful in a period of fifty-two years, who 
 can estimate its growth within the next half century ? The 
 product of our bituminous coal fields, in 1870, foots up 14,- 
 9u8,4G5 tons. The two make an aggregate of 34,920,050 tons 
 for that year. 
 
 Meanwhile, the development and growth of the oil pro- 
 duction of the north-western counties, almost challenges the 
 credulity of our people. From August, 1859, when Drake
 
 1(> ANNUAL MESSAGE OF THE 
 
 sunk the first well, to the close of 1864, the production was 
 221,000,000 gallons, yielding the sum of $29,820,000. In 
 1MU, about 02,000,000 gallons were refined, the average price 
 of which, in bond, at New Yorkj (sixty-two cents per gallon,) 
 gave a value of $38,440,000. The entire production, up to 
 1808, was 327,<59i. ) ,r>24 gallons, equal to 8,493,339 barrels of 
 crude oil. 
 
 There is no doubt the future reports of the commissioner 
 will disclose an equally rapid increase in the production of 
 oil, and other facts concerning it not less gratifying. 
 
 The remunerative prices paid at present for pig metal is 
 inducing the erection of a large number of first class fur- 
 naces, which will materially increase the wealth of the State, 
 and give a new impetus to other branches of business depen- 
 dent upon their products for active and profitable results in 
 the near future. 
 
 There are other questions of much interest to the public 
 welfare, which can only be evolved with any degree of cer- 
 tainty by careful investigations ; such as those affecting the 
 health, comfort and general well-being of the people, but more 
 especially the industrial classes, who are the main dependence 
 of the State for its continued prosperity. The question of 
 labor, in all its relations, is one that constantly engages a 
 large share of attention, and the subject can only be intelli- 
 gently and properly legislated upon, after the researches of 
 the statistician are laid before the Legislature, with such ac- 
 companying testimony, as will reduce to a demonstration the 
 abuses which exist in our social system. Much might be said 
 in this connection, but your patience shall not be unduly 
 taxed by more extended observations, as I am confident the 
 question of labor, in all its relations, cannot fail to engage 
 the serious attention of enlightened and patriotic representa- 
 tives. 
 
 In view of all the facts connected with the Bureau of Sta- 
 tistics, I most earnestly bespeak for it liberal appropriations, 
 as well as the fostering care of the Legislature.
 
 GOVERNOR OF PENNSYLVANIA. 17 
 
 CONGRESSIONAL APPORTIONMENT. 
 
 On the night prior to the adjournment of the Legislature 
 at its last session, a bill was submitted for ray approval ap- 
 portioning the State into Congressional districts, for the pe- 
 riod of .ten years, under the national census of 1870. The 
 enactment was highly objectionable in many of its features ; 
 and Congress then had under consideration a supplemental 
 bill proposing an increase of representatives, that would give 
 one additional member to this State. This afterwards be- 
 came a law, thereby giving to Pennsylvania twenty-seven 
 members of Congress instead of twenty-six, as provided for 
 in the legislative enactment of the last session. The latter 
 having failed to receive Executive approval, the Congression- 
 al elections last October were held under the former law, and 
 the three additional members apportioned to the State were 
 chosen as members at large by the vote of the whole people. 
 Hence, the duty of enacting another apportionment bill de- 
 volves upon the present Legislature, and I request for it that 
 careful and patriotic consideration required by the magnitude 
 of the interests involved. 
 
 STATE TREASURER, 
 
 The sixth section of the sixth article of the Constitution 
 declares that 
 
 4t A State Treasurer shall be elected annually by joint vote 
 "of both branches of the Legislature." 
 
 But the Legislature, by joint resolution, passed at two con- 
 secutive sessions, and approved by popular vote at the last 
 October election, has amended this part of the Constitution, 
 by striking out the section above quoted, and inserting in 
 place thereof the following : 
 
 "A State Treasurer shall bo chosen by the qualified elec- 
 tors of the State, at such times and for such term of service 
 as shall be prescribed by law."
 
 18 ANNUAL MESSAGE OF THE 
 
 The adoption of this amendment will be officially pro- 
 claimed on the second Tuesday of January, 1873, and will 
 supersede existing laws for the election of State Treasurer by 
 the Legislature. Inasmuch as no provision seems to have 
 been made by law for filling' this office, from the first Monday 
 of May next until an election can be had by the people under 
 the amended Constitution, I invite the attention of the Legis- 
 lature to this condition of the subject, and recommend such 
 action as will carry out the amendment, and in the meantime 
 secure so important an interest of the Commonwealth. 
 
 CONSTITUTIONAL CONVENTION. 
 
 The several duties imposed upon the Executive and Secre- 
 tary of State, by the act of the last session authorizing the 
 convention, were duly performed. The delegates having been 
 chosen at the October election, convened in this city on the 
 twelfth day of November. The convention, after completing 
 its organization, appointing its standing committees, and 
 adopting rules for its government, adjourned to meet at Phila- 
 delphia on the seventh of the present month. 
 
 A careful revision of our fundamental law is imperatively 
 demanded by the highest considerations of public welfare; 
 and it is confidently hoped the action of that bod\ may be 
 such as to meet the just expectations of enlightened public 
 opinion. 
 
 SANCTITY OF THE BALLOT-BOX 
 
 Many of the laws now upon our statute books were de- 
 signed to fortify the ballot-box against corruption and fraud, 
 but practically they have often been rendered impotent for 
 that purpose, and even for the prevention of fal'se returns. 
 Numerous complaints have been made to me on this subject 
 by many highly respectable citizens, who have requested that 
 I would, once more, urge it upon the attention of the Legis- 
 lature, and ask the passage of more stringent enactments for
 
 GOVERN Oil OF PENNSYLVANIA. 19 
 
 the suppression of such crimes against the rights of the citi- 
 zen. Eedress for these wrongs is expected from the Consti- 
 tutional Convention, and it is hoped the public expectations 
 will be realized. It is believed, however, the Legislature can 
 remedy some of the evils complained of, and your attention 
 is earnestly invited to the subject, in order that whatever is 
 practicable may be done to guard the purity of the ballot-box, 
 and the rights of electors. 
 
 WRITS OF ERROR IN CIMIXAL CASES. 
 
 The attention of the Legislature is again invited to the im- 
 portance of writs of error in criminal cases, and reference is 
 made to my last two annual messages for the arguments and 
 reasons why there should be additional legislation upon this 
 subject. 
 
 EDUCATIOX. 
 
 With great propriety, the Superintendent, in the opening 
 of his able report, congratulates the people upon the con- 
 tinued growth and prosperity of our public schools. 
 
 Their progress is clearly indicated by comparing the ex- 
 penditures of the last six years, with those of the six years 
 prior to 18G7, viz : 
 
 Total cost for tuition from 1867 to 1872 $21,578,258 61 
 
 Total cost for tuition from 1861 to 1866 12,745,061 71 
 
 Increase $8,833,19690 
 
 Total expenditures of the system from 1867 to 1872, $42, 952, 152 11 
 Total expenditures of the system from 1861 to 1866, 19,590, 149 51 
 
 Increase $23,361,902 60 
 
 Pennsylvania, less fortunate than many of her sister States, 
 has no school fund. The legislative appropriations amount 
 only to about six hundred thousand dollars annually; but
 
 20 AXXUAL MESSAGE OF THE 
 
 the people, in the several districts, voluntarily vote all other 
 moneys necessary to support the schools. The foregoing- 
 statements briefly exhibit the deep and increasing interest 
 entertained in behalf of popular education. 
 
 Intelligence and virtue are conceded to be indispensable 
 conditions of the permament existence and prosperity of any 
 form of government. The necessity of these supports in- 
 creases in proportion as the area of freedom and privilege is 
 enlarged. It follows, from these unquestioned maxims, that 
 the demand for general education is more imperative in the 
 United States than in any other country. Our Constitution 
 recognizes the people as the inherent source of all power. 
 All participate in the great act of creating the country's 
 rulers. The ballot decides all questions of choice, and fills 
 all official positions, from that of the chief magistrate of the 
 nation to that of the lowest town officer. This supreme and 
 resistless power of universal suifrage, at once suggests the 
 absolute necessity of universal education. The truth of these 
 premises admitted, no argument is required to establish the 
 conclusion. 
 
 The common school system doubtless owes its origin to a 
 common conviction that no people can be properly and per- 
 manently self-governing, whose intelligence is unequal to 
 the comprehension of their rights, privileges and responsi- 
 bilities, or whose virtues are too feeble and imperfect to 
 restrain them from a violation of those duties which they 
 owe to their Creator and to each other. 
 
 When the system was introduced, thirty-eight years ago, 
 it was generally viewed in the light of an experiment. The 
 act creating it made its adoption dependent upon the vote of 
 the people in their respective districts. Their reluctant and 
 tardy acceptance of the priceless boon is neither matter of sur- 
 prise to us, nor reproach to them, when all the circumstances 
 lire duly considered. Its present popularity is indicated by 
 ;the entire absence of complaint, and a still more significant
 
 GOVERNOR OF PENNSYLVANIA. 21 
 
 readiness, by the people, to assume the expenses requisite for 
 its constant improvement and efficient application. Doubtless 
 many years must elapse before the full fruition of its influences 
 c'an be received, but, meanwhile, it will be gradually mould- 
 ing the popular mind into more perfect conformity with the 
 requirements of our free institutions. 
 
 Fortunately the old. prejudice against the system no longer 
 exists ; but indifference, to a lamentable extent, occupies its 
 place. From the report of the Superintendent it appears that 
 the number of children in the State, who do not attend school, 
 exceeds seventy-five thousand. This criminal neglect is most 
 prevalent in the cities. In Philadelphia twelve per cent, of 
 the children between the ages of five and fifteen years do not 
 attend school. But more significant and alarming still, of the 
 whole number registered as attendants, forty-six per cent, 
 are absent from the daily sessions. In the State at large the 
 unregistered amount to six per cent., and the absentees to 
 thirty-three per cent. And, as was naturally to be expected, 
 the resulting ignorance from this neglect has proved a fruit- 
 ful source of crime. Sixteen per cent, of the inmates of the 
 State prisons are unable to read. 
 
 Obviously, therefore, it is not sufficient that the State 
 makes ample provision. Such measures should be immedi- 
 ately adopted as would secure a universal participation of the 
 benefit. The children are not to blame. They naturally pre- 
 fer freedom and amusement to the confinement and studies 
 of the school room. Parents and guardians are the parties 
 with whom the State must deal. She owes it alike to her own 
 peace and security, and to the highest welfare of the children 
 who are to be her future citizens, to see that they shall be 
 rescued from the perils of ignorance. 
 
 After careful and anxious deliberation upon all the facts, 
 and their inevitable consequences, I recommend the adop- 
 tion of a compulsory system of education. That a law to this 
 effect will encounter objections is not to be doubted ; fr ino
 
 'J'J ANNUAL MESSAGE OP THE 
 
 view of the probability of sucli a measure, its opponents have 
 already commenced to marshal their forces. 
 
 In Norway, Sweden and Prussia this system was first 
 adopted, and such have been its salutary effects that other 
 ICuropean governments have made haste to follow their ex- 
 ample. Austria, admonished by the defeat at Sadowa, France 
 by the crushing disaster at Sedan, a^d England by the possi- 
 bility of a real "battle of Dorking," have decreed by statute 
 shut all their children shall be taught to read and write, in- 
 fluenced by a conviction that knowledge gives increased 
 prowess in war as well as capacity and integrity for the peace- 
 till pursuits of life. And it is a fact of striking significance 
 that none of the States that have passed such enactments 
 have abandoned or repealed them. 
 
 In passing from this topic, of paramount importance to the 
 future well-being of the Commonwealth, I unhesitatingly 
 express the hope that the day is not distant when through 
 the Bureau of National Education, seconded by the concur- 
 rent legislative action of the States, every child in the Ameri- 
 can Union, without reference to creed, caste, color or condi- 
 tion, will be thoroughly and effectually instructed in all the 
 elementary branches of English education ; and that uniform 
 text books, setting forth the true history and theory of our 
 National and State governments, will be provided and intro- 
 duced into all the schools of the country. Approximation of 
 thought and opinion on these subjects is of vital consequence 
 to the permanence of the Union, and the stability of our re- 
 publican institutions. Had such a measure been opportunely 
 initiated the war ot the rebellion would scarcely have been 
 possible. 
 
 Should you deem your powers inadequate to enact suitable 
 laws upon this subject, the Constitutional Convention, now 
 in session, should not hesitate to habilitate you with such 
 authority, and thus lend their aid and influence in making
 
 GOVERNOR OF PENNSYLVANIA. 23 
 
 Pennsylvania the vanguard in the great mission of universal 
 education. 
 
 Fro:n the report of the Superintendent of Soldiers' Or- 
 phans' schools, and other sources, I feel fully authorized in 
 assuring you they were never before in a more flourishing 
 and prosperous condition. 
 
 Every child, legally eligible, and having made application, 
 is now admitted to these schools. The whole number of ad- 
 missions since 18^5 isG,429; the discharges from all causes 
 2,902, leaving in attendance 3,527, No larger number will 
 probably hereafter be attained, and it may confidently be ex- 
 pected that this number will be subject to an annual reduc- 
 tion of at least 500, until the system shall have accomplished 
 its mission. 
 
 The entire expense of these schools to the State, since they 
 went into operation in 1865, is $3,407,543 11. Their cost 
 (luring the last year was $475,2-15 47. It is estimated by the 
 Superintendent that the future expense, to the period of their 
 linal extinction, will not exceed one million five hundred 
 thousand dollars. 
 
 The health of the children has been excellent. Their ex- 
 emption from small-pox, while it was prevailing all around 
 them, is remarkable; and no stronge: evidence of good man- 
 agement and the propitious results of systematic vaccination, 
 could be adduced. The exemplary conduct of the pupils 
 after their discharge is one of the most gratifying circum- 
 .stances connected with their history. The following state- 
 irteut of the Superintendent will be highly satisfactory to the 
 Legislature and the people: ''From the beginning of these 
 schools to the present, the greater part of the children who 
 have received their advantages have been honorably dis- 
 charged. And from facts in the possession of the depart- 
 ment, it appears that more than ninety-eight per cant, are doing 
 ii'rll, and win likely to become upright and useful citizens"
 
 L>4 ANNCAL MESSAGE OP TIIK 
 
 Among' the States of the American Union, Pennsylvania 
 stands pre-eminent in her "care for the soldier who has borne 
 the battle, and for his widow and orphan children," Her noble 
 scheme for clothing 1 , educating*, maintaining and adopting the 
 orphan children of her soldiers who gave their lives in defense 
 of the National Union, is her own invention. In this the gen- 
 erosity of her people has been imitated, but not equalled by 
 those of any other State. To her will forever be accorded 
 the leadership in this work of patriotic benevolence. It will 
 form the brightest page of her history. It will seal the de- 
 votion of her people to the common country ; and our legis- 
 lators, in view of its benign influences, will continue to accord 
 a cheerful and liberal support to a system so fruitful in bles- 
 sing to the orphan children of our martyred heroes. 
 
 Upon no material interest of the State is the influence of 
 education more salutory than that of agriculture. Pennsyl- 
 vania, by wise legislation, has authorized the purchase of threo 
 experimental farms, and the establishment of a college, all 
 of which are now in successful operation, and the results of 
 the scientific working of the farms have already added much 
 practical knowledge upon the general subject. 
 
 The Agricultural College has j',.st closed a most prosperous 
 year the number of students being one hundred and fifty 
 which exceeds that of any year since the opening of tlie in- 
 stitution. Any one, of three courses, is optional to the stu- 
 dents, viz : Agricultural, scientific or classical, to all of which 
 is added a general course of military instruction. 
 
 The admission of females, which was first permitted sixteen 
 months ago, has thus far worked exceedingly well. Thirty 
 young women have availed themselves of the opportunity 
 thus afforded to obtain a first-class education. 
 
 All students are taught to regard labor as beneficial and 
 honorable. The rule of the college requiring ten hours manual 
 labor per week from the students is cheerfully complied with, 
 and results advantageouslv to their health and comfort.
 
 GOVERNOR OF PENNSYLVANIA. 25 
 
 This State institution is pre-eminently the People's College. 
 Its preparatory department receives students at a low grade, 
 as well as tliose more advanced. This school is "cheap enough 
 for the poorest and good enough for the richest," either hi rnind 
 or estate ; and it aifords healthful exercise, instruction 'in use- 
 ful labor, and free tuition in every branch of its ample courses 
 of study. 
 
 THE NATIONAL GUARD. 
 
 For the details of the organization of the National Guard, 
 and the general business of the Adjutant General's Depart- 
 ment, your attention is invited to the accompanying report 
 of that officer. 
 
 At the close of the late war the State was without a single 
 military division, and the few scattered companies which ex- 
 isted at its commencement had been, generally, disbanded 
 by the enlistment of their members in the active military ser- 
 vice of the General Government. 
 
 In 18GG the militia of the State comprised only eight volun- 
 teer companies. Since then four hundred and eighty-three 
 have been organized and one hundred and sixty-eight dis- 
 banded the latter principally on account of the almost en- 
 tire want of encouragement and support from the State, and 
 their own inability to maintain themselves. To this fact is 
 mainly attributable the reduction of the volunteer force in 
 the First division (Philadelphia) during the past year. The 
 Legislature, at its last session, having repealed all laws by 
 which any military fund could be raised in that division, left 
 its organizations entirely dependent upon themselves and the 
 voluntary contributions of citizens. 
 
 The organizations of the National Guard, not yet disbanded, 
 consist of fifteen regiments and six battalions ; comprising, 
 with unattached bodies, three hundred and twenty-three 
 companies, viz : Six artillery, eight cavalry, and three hun-
 
 2fi ANNUAL MUSS AGE OF THE 
 
 died and nine infantry. The aggregate of enlisted men is 
 13.50 i, and of commissioned officers 1,12G. 
 
 Convinced of the necessity, in time of peace as well as in 
 war, of an efficient military force to maintain the civil au- 
 thority, I have at all times entertained a deep interest in the 
 military department of the State, and it affords me pleasure 
 to say that the present condition of our volunteer organiza- 
 tions is as complete as is practicable under the admitted im- 
 perfections and illiberal provisions of our military laws. 
 
 Where "the greater security of life and property" is the 
 question involved, it would seem superfluous to employ argu- 
 ments to convince any property holder, business man, or good 
 citizen, that it was his individual interest to support a system 
 designed to uphold the civil authority. But as practical illus- 
 trations, of recent date, I may refer to the scenes of July, 
 1871, in the city of New York, as well as to those enacted in 
 our own State, at Scranton, during the months of April and 
 May, of the same year, and still more recently followed by 
 the disturbance of the public peace in July last, which so 
 seriously threatened the city of Williamsport. The civil arm 
 of the law was paralyzed, and peaceable citizens were at the 
 mercy of the rioters. Appeals came from the civil authorities 
 and the people, for the protection of the military against tu- 
 mult which they were unable to quell. The military of the 
 iwirest divisions promptly responded to the call of the Execu- 
 tive, the majesty of the civil law was vindicated in the sup- 
 pression of the disorder, and at comparatively trilling cost to 
 the State, the peace and quiet of two of her flourishing cities 
 were restored, immensely valuable property preserved, and 
 very many honest and industiious laborers enabled to resume 
 the work on which the subsistence of themselves and their 
 families depended. Such occurrences surely demonstrate both 
 the value and necessity of a well organized and thoroughly 
 disciplined National Guard to maintain the civil authority. 1 
 cite these circumstances as an act of official duty, and from a
 
 GOVERNOR OF PEXNSYLVAMA. 27 
 
 desire to avail myself of this opportunity of leaving on re- 
 cord my appreciation of the importance of such action, on 
 your part, as will maintain a well equipped, disciplined and 
 reliable State military force. 
 
 For a full statement of the disturbances at Williamsport, 
 and of the operations of the military called into service, on 
 appeal of the civil authorities, you are referred to the official 
 statement of Major General Jesse Merrill, commanding- the 
 llth Division, which appears at length in the Adjutant 
 General's report. 
 
 The discreet and judicious conduct of the Major General, 
 and the officers and men under his command on that occa- 
 sion, not only won the approval of the citizens of that com- 
 munity, but entitles them to general commendation. 
 
 Provision should be promptly made for the payment of 
 the expenses necessarily incurred on pay rolls and accounts 
 duly audited and certified by the proper officers; the amount 
 of which will not exceed fifteen thousand dollars. 
 
 PICTURE OF THE BATTLE OF GETTYSBURG. 
 
 The period determined upon by the Legislature for the 
 delivery of the picture of the ba'ttle of Gettysburg, painted 
 for the State by P. F. Itotbermel, artist, having arrived, no 
 place in the Capitol, or other public buildings at Harrisburg, 
 was found suitable for its reception and exhibition. Finding 
 that the picture could not long remain rolled up without 
 considerable injury, and, perhaps, total destruction; with the 
 approval of several members of the Senate and of the Mouse, 
 I consented to place it in the hands of the Park Commis- 
 sioners of Philadelphia, subject to the order of the Legisla- 
 ture. 
 
 A building HO feet long and 43 feet wide has been 
 erected in Fairmonnt Park for the reception of this his- 
 toric painting, within a few Hundred feet of the Green street 
 entrance. The site is the very best that could have been
 
 1>S ANNUAL MESSAGE OP THE 
 
 selected to afford the public easy access. The gallery is per- 
 fectly adapted for the safe keeping and proper exhibition of 
 the picture. 
 
 RECORDING DOCUMENTS AND BINDING LAW BOOKS. 
 
 Under existing laws many important documents are filed 
 in the office of the Secretary of the Commonwealth, which, 
 for greater security, ought to be recorded in suitable books 
 for that purpose. Prominent among those referred to may 
 be enumerated papers relating to the merger and consolida- 
 tion of railroad companies; the increase of capitalstock and 
 bonded obligations of corporations under both general and 
 special laws; correction of errors, and confirming corporate 
 organizations; extension of charters and dissolution of cor 
 porations ; the change of name of corporations and the loca- 
 tion of their principal offices; the acceptance of the provi- 
 sions of acts of Assembly by corporations ; and contracts to 
 which the State is a party. This list might be extended, but 
 enough -has been given to indicate the grave importance of 
 the interests involved, and the necessity for the utmost care 
 in preserving, in proper and accessible shape, the evidence of 
 such transactions. 1 therefore recommend such enactments 
 as will confer the authority required upon the Secretary ot 
 the Commonwealth. 
 
 The State authorizes the publication of the statute laws, 
 and the distribution of them to sundry enumerated officers 
 and persons. Justices of the peace and aldermen arc required 
 to carefully preserve the copies received by them and hand 
 them over to their successors in office. But the annual vol- 
 umes being large, and bound only in paper covers, it is almost 
 impossible to preserve them whole for any reasonable time. 
 I recommend the passage of a law requiring them to be pro- 
 perly bound before distribution.
 
 GOVERNOR OF PENNSYLVANIA. 2i) 
 
 BOARD OF PUBLIC CHARITIES. 
 
 .The eminent and philanthropic gentlemen, composing the 
 Board of Public Charities have carefully investigated a num- 
 ber of subjects which they deemed of sufficient importance 
 to lay before the Legislature. Among them may be specially 
 noticed Prison Discipline, a question now generally occupy- 
 ing the attention of statesmen and philanthropists through- 
 out the civilized world ; the condition and treatment of the 
 insane and the workings of that class of institutions known 
 as local charities, founded and conducted for benevolent pur- 
 poses. These asylums are located in various parts of the State, 
 mostly, however, in Philadelphia and Pittsburg. They arc 
 performing an excellent work relieving the sick, indigent, 
 infirm and neglected portions of our population. The Gen- 
 eral Agent has devoted a considerable portion of his time to 
 their inspection, the results of which will appear in his able 
 report to the Board, in which he exhibits their character and 
 the large amount of private charity bestowed upon them. 
 
 This Board was organized during my administration, and 
 I have entertained a deep and lasting interest in its labors. 
 The gentlemen who compose it voluntarily devote their time, 
 without compensation, to this noble work of benevolence. 
 The impress of their intelligent efforts is every where per- 
 ceptible ; and the large annual contributions of the State to 
 charitable institutions have, under their supervision and ex- 
 amination, been properly and systematically applied. 
 
 The third volume of their reports will be submitted at an 
 early day. It will present a large amount of statistical in- 
 formation, and many interesting facts and valuable sugges- 
 tions upon subjects of great importance. I cannot too 
 strongly commend this Board the great regulator of State 
 charities to the favorable consideration of the Legislature, 
 and recommend such appropriations for expenses and addi- 
 tional enactments as may be necessary to increase its efficiency.
 
 30 AVNU.VL MESSAGE OP THE 
 
 PENITENTIARIES AND REFORMATORIES. 
 
 From a personal inspection of the penitentiaries, I am able 
 to bear testimony to tbe evidences that were everywhere mani- 
 fested of their general good management and excellent dis- 
 cipline. 
 
 The Eastern penitentiary has long been deservedly re- 
 garded as the model prison in which the "separate" or "indi- 
 vidual treatment" system of imprisonment is applied, and the 
 annual reports of its faithful Board of Inspectors, embracing 
 their observations and investigations, show that they have ele- 
 vated the subject of crime-punishment almost to the dignity of 
 a science. 
 
 Among the circumstances that attracted my attention was 
 the insufficient number of cells to carry out the "solitary con- 
 finement" principle, and the incarceration there of a number 
 of boys and youths for first offences, and of females untrained 
 in crime. Sometimes two or more in one cell were thus uu- 
 avoidaoly brought into associations which could scarcely fail 
 to produce contamination of character and morals. I would, 
 therefore, recommend that the Legislature enable the courts 
 to sentence minors and females to the county prisons, where 
 with proper teaching training in some handy-craft business- 
 anil with due attention given to discipline, the object of pun- 
 ishment would be more effectually attained ; and the peni- 
 tentiary, thus relieved, would have cells sufficient for all ordi- 
 nary purposes. It is a great mistake in almost all cases of 
 minors convicted for their first, and often trivial offence, to 
 send them to a State's prison ; because the punishment is less 
 in its effect than the idea of degradation in the after-life of 
 the prisoner. Such persons should be punished in the locality 
 where the crime was committed, and the disgrace would not 
 be so likely to permanently affect the character after the dis- 
 charge of the prisoner. 
 
 From 1829 to 1871, inclusive, only three hundred and forty- 
 six femaleg were received in the Eastern penitentiary, and of
 
 GOVERNOR OP PENNSYLVANIA. 31 
 
 this number one hundred and twenty-seven were minors. 
 These facts would fully justify the propriety of such action 
 by the Legislature as has been suggested. 
 
 The Western penitentiary contains ample space for present 
 demands. It is conducted on the "combined" system of "soli- 
 tary" and "congregate" imprisonment, the workings of which 
 are giving entire satisfaction to all concerned. 
 
 The commissioners from this State to the International Pri- 
 son Congress, lately held in London, England, report that 
 twenty-one governments were represented, principally by 
 men who have made criminal legislation and penal treatment 
 a study. America sent seventy-three delegates, representing 
 penitentiaries, asylums and reformatory institutions. Among 
 these were many experts in every branch of penology. The 
 deliberations of the Congress continued ten days. Its results 
 are difficult to estimate ; but it is hoped the great interests 
 of humanity involved in the proper treatment of crime will 
 be happily subserved among all civilized nations. 
 
 The managers of the "Pennsylvania Reform School" (late 
 the Western House of Refuge) propose to change their loca- 
 tion from Allegheny City to a farm, containing 503 acres, in 
 Washington county, seventeen miles from Pittsimrg, near 
 the Chartiers Valley railroad, and adopt for its government 
 the best features of what is known as the "family system" of 
 juvenile reformatories. These will mainly consist in the 
 abandonment of walls, bolts and bars for confining the chil- 
 dren ; and in an earnest effort govern them through sympa- 
 thy and kindness, and prepare them for useful occupations. 
 
 The Board will ask an additional appropriation to pay for 
 the land and improvements. 
 
 SANITARY REGULATIONS. 
 
 Of all my official recommendations, I deem those most 
 important which relate to the public health. Facilities for 
 the material development, and the accumulation of wealth,
 
 32 ANNUAL MESSAGE OF THE 
 
 estimated at their highest value, are of. but minor consequence 
 when compared with the preservation of life itself. "All that 
 ji man hath will he give for his life ! " At the time of pre- 
 senting my last annual message, small-pox was fearfully 
 prevalent in Philadelphia and in many towns and populous 
 districts of the State. I then called attention to the subject, 
 and in the strongest terms at my command, urged the im- 
 perative necessity of adopting such measures as would arrest 
 the disease and prevent its re-appearance. My suggestions, 
 however, were utterly unheeded by the Legislature. The 
 dreadful scourge extended itself into the first half of the past 
 year, and^ in the absence of well known preventives, it would 
 be presumption not to expect its annual return. Neither tin- 
 extent of its ravages, nor the fatal character of the disease, 
 last year, is generally known to the public, or, I am confi- 
 dent, there would have been such an outcry as would have 
 compelled immediate attention and relief. Among the un- 
 vaccinated, the ordinary proportion of deaths has been thirty- 
 three per cent. ; but the recent death-rate in Philadelphia 
 amounted to nearly forty-seven per cent. This is fearful 
 to contemplate, and yet, more fearful still the fatal per- 
 centage has been nearly sixty-six in the country at large. 
 This is mainly the result of an indifference, so reckless, as to 
 be absolutely unaccountable. I am thoroughly convinced, 
 that the deplorable results now alluded to, might have been 
 prevented, by opportune legislation. The testimony of the 
 most scientific schools is to the effect that vaccination, pro- 
 perly administered, is a sovereign antidote. The highest 
 medical authorities unqualifiedly affirm small-pox to be a 
 disgrace to any civilized land ; that there is no necessity for 
 its presence, and that if every person were properly vacci- 
 nated every seven years, the disease might be utterly exter- 
 minated. I am assured of the correctness of this opinion by 
 my personal observations in the army, both in Mexico and 
 tlie United States. Soon after our camps were pitched upon
 
 GOVERNOR OP PENNSYLVANIA. 33 
 
 Mexican soil, the disease made its appearance among our 
 troops. By an order from General Scott, the whole army 
 was immediately vaccinated, and the small-pox was at once 
 driven from our lines. The same result followed the appli- 
 cation of the same remedy in the army of General Sherman, 
 during his famous march u to the sea," and, more recently, in 
 our very midst we have been favored with an illustration 
 equally striking and conclusive: Our schools of soldiers' 
 orphans, in which there are upwards of thirty-five hundred 
 children, being under the absolute control of the State au- 
 thorities, a regulation enforcing universal vaccination, could 
 be, and was, adopted. The result is, that not a single case 
 of small-pox has occurred in them. 
 
 My object in submitting these remarks to you is not so 
 much for the purpose of convincing you of the truth of a 
 proposition which but few attempt to dispute, as to ask the 
 immediate enactment of remedial measures. It remains, 
 therefore, only to consider how the object to be sought may 
 be most speedily and effectually accomplished. In reply to 
 this question, I earnestly recommend the passage of an act 
 providing for compulsory vaccination, which should have such 
 penalties annexed as would insure its undoubted enforcement. 
 
 I also recommend an enactment establishing a State Board 
 of Health, whose functions shall be discharged under the aus- 
 pices of the Legislature. Such an organization would be in- 
 dispensable to the vigorous and comprehensive execution of 
 a law making vaccination compulsory, and would be emi- 
 nently serviceable in enforcing such other sanitary regula- 
 tions as might be deemed essential to the protection of the 
 public against small-pox and other contagious diseases. The 
 State Board might be constituted somewhat upon the model 
 of the Board of Public Charities, with the addition of local 
 boards for the counties, cities and larger towns. The expense 
 of such a system would not be worth a thought, when com- 
 pared with the value of the benefits that would be conferred 
 3
 
 34 ANNUAL MESSAGE OF THE 
 
 by its operation. At all events, it would be r ar less than the 
 cost in human lives annually sacrificed by the diseases it 
 would be designed to prevent. It is not possible to estimate 
 correctly such values. But for the purpose of illustration, the 
 calculation of an eminent physician may be accepted. Dr. 
 Ackland, of England, sets down every death by a preventa- 
 ble disease as a loss in money of 100, and <L2 for loss of 
 time and maintenance during the period of sickness. Accord- 
 ing to this standard Pennsylvania lost during the last two 
 years by small-pox alone more than $5,000,000. 
 
 From a joint report made to me by the Health Officer and 
 Port Physician of Philadelphia, I learn that the health laws 
 of that city and port are in a very confused and unsatisfactory 
 condition. These gentlemen, in effect, say that the first com- 
 prehensive health law was passed in 1818 ; that continuous 
 additions have been made since that time ; that while some 
 of the laws have been repealed, others have became inopera- 
 tive and obsolete ; that if certain of these were revived and 
 enforced their execution would inflict positive injury, and, in 
 short, that the whole system imperatively requires a thorough 
 revision. I have good reason to endorse the truth of these 
 statements, and I earnestly recommend the whole subject to 
 your early and considerate action, and that the amendments 
 which you may make for the better protection of the health 
 and general well-being of Philadelphia be extended as far as 
 practicable to the whole State. 
 
 CAPITOL AND CAPITOL GROUNDS. 
 
 The apartment in the Capitol building, familiarly known as 
 the "Office of the State Historian," has been tastefully fitted up 
 for the reception and display of the battle- flags carried by our 
 soldiers in the war of the rebellion, in accordance with a reso- 
 lution to that effect passed by the Legislature at its last ses- 
 sion.
 
 GOVERNOR OF PENNSYLVANIA. 35 
 
 For the purpose of irrigating and beautifying the Capitol 
 grounds, I recommend that you authorize the construction of 
 at least two ornamental fountains. 
 
 I renew my recommendation for the purchase of a few 
 small lots at the eastern corner of the grounds necessary to 
 the completion of the square, and that the iron fence enclos- 
 ing them be completed. 
 
 GOVERNOR'S SALARY. 
 
 As no charge of selfishness can, at this juncture, attach to 
 me, I frankly remind you that the compensation of the Gov- 
 ernor is entirely inadequate to enable him to live in a style 
 corresponding to his position, and the reasonable expectations 
 of the people of so great a Commonwealth. The truth of 
 these assertions is so obvious that no argument is required 
 for their confirmation. 
 
 The Constitution declares in section VI, of article II, "The 
 Governor shall, at stated times, receive for his services a com- 
 pensation, which shall be neither increased nor diminished 
 during the period for which he shall have been elected." 
 
 Should the Legislature concur with me as to the propriety 
 of increasing the compensation of the Executive to ten thou- 
 sand dollars per annum, 1 recommend that it be done prior to 
 the twentieth of January, as on that day the period for which 
 my successor has been elected will begin. 
 
 IX MEMORIAM. 
 
 It has heretofore been my sad duty to chronicle the de- 
 parture of distinguished citizens from spheres of usefulness 
 to that realm of eternal silence, from which no traveler re- 
 turns. Among them may be enumerated three ex-Governors ; 
 and now I am called upon to announce the decease of another 
 who has occupied the Executive chair.
 
 .'Hi ANNUAL MESSAGE OP THE 
 
 WILLIAM F. JOHNSTON was born November 29, 1808, at 
 Greensburg, Westmoreland county, and died at Pittsburir, 
 October 25, 1872, in the sixty-fourth year of his age. 
 
 He was admitted to the bar in 1829, and was subsequently 
 a member of the House of Representatives, and of the Senate. 
 As speaker of the latter, he became acting Governor upon 
 the resignation of Francis E, Shunk. He was afterwards 
 nominated by the Whigs, and elected to the Chief Magis- 
 tracy. He filled the office with honor and marked ability. 
 After the expiration of his term he devoted his time to the 
 construction and management of railroads and the develop- 
 ment of the resources of the western portion of the State, 
 He was endowed with strong natural abilities, was genial in 
 manners and faithful in friendship. His services to the Com- 
 monwealth will not soon be forgotten. I trust the Legisla- 
 ture will do justice to his memory by appropriately noticing 
 his death. 
 
 It is with profound sorrow, also, that I announce to you, offi- 
 cially, the death of Major General GEORGE GORDON MUADE. 
 He died in Philadelphia, November 6, 1872, in the fifty-sixth 
 year of his age. 
 
 It is impossible, within the brief space allowed, to give an 
 extended notice of the services of one so eminently distin- 
 guished. He was a graduate of the Military Academy at 
 West Point; and served with distinction in the Seniinole and 
 Mexican wars, and as a Topographical Engineer in time of 
 peace. At the commencement of the recent Civil war, his 
 services were tendered to and accepted by the Government. 
 From the rank of Brigadier General he rose through the 
 grades of Division and Corps Commander, and was on the 
 twenty-eighth day of June, 1863, without solicitation, ap- 
 pointed, by President Lincoln, Commander-in-Chief of the 
 Army of the Potomac ; and although he leaves behind him 
 an undying record of his brilliant and heroic deeds wherever 
 he was called into action, his name will be, particularly and
 
 GOVERNOR OP PENNSYLVANIA. 37 
 
 forever, associated with the glory of the great turning battle 
 of the war fought at Gettysburg, on the first, second and 
 third days of July, 1863. 
 
 General Meade remained in the regular army until the time 
 of his death. He was an accomplished gentleman, possess- 
 ing a highly cultivated intellect, sound judgment, and great 
 integrity of character. But it is to his distinguished services 
 upon the soil of Pennsylvania, which has so intimately iden- 
 tified his memory with the defence of the nation, in the hour 
 of its extremest peril, that I invoke your special attention. 
 Pennsylvania cannot, will not be ungrateful for such services. 
 She will desire, with appropriate honors, to perpetuate the 
 fame of her departed chieftain. I recommend an appropria- 
 tion for the erection of a monument to his memory upon the 
 battle-field of Gettysburg ; and such other legislation as will 
 be alike suitable to the occasion and honorable to the Com- 
 monwealth. 
 
 PARDONS, COMMUTATIONS AND EXECUTIONS. 
 
 No department of the State government has imposed upon 
 it such difficult and embarrassing duties, or such weighty 
 and disagreeable responsibilities, as the pardoning power 
 devolves upon the Executive. 
 
 That a few pardons may have been unworthily granted, 
 through the misrepresentations of relatives, neighbors, or 
 other interested parties, or even by affidavits afterwards dis- 
 covered to have been designedly false, may be frankly con- 
 ceded; and that some who, perhaps, were more deserving, 
 have been refused, from want of proper representations of 
 facts, may be equally true ; still, I feel assured that I have 
 faithfully performed my duty in such cases, and have exer- 
 cised the prerogative only when the facts and circumstances 
 seemed to imperatively demand the interposition of Execu- 
 tive clemency. In this, I have endeavored to adopt and 
 enforce the views entertained by the framers of our Oonsti-
 
 38 ANNUAL MESSAGE OP THE 
 
 tutiou, who never contemplated an indiscriminate use of the 
 pardoning power, but designed it for the correction of errors 
 and oppressions; cases of after discovered evidence; ine- 
 qualities of sentences for identical offences ; the furtherance 
 of justice by uncovering crime, and other instances strongly 
 exceptional in their character. 
 
 Soon after entering upon the duties of the Executive office, 
 I deemed it important that the public should be more fully 
 informed upon the subject of pardons, than they had previ- 
 ously been. I then introduced, for the first time in this 
 State, an annual pardon report, containing the names of the 
 petitioners, and an epitome of the reasons adduced for each 
 case of relief from the sentence of the law. Since then, simi- 
 lar reports have been made in other States, and the practice, 
 divesting the exercise of the pardoning prerogative of all 
 secrecy, seems to have received very general approbation 
 
 The applications for pardons, during the past year, num- 
 bered one thousand four hundred and thirty-seven about 
 five for every working day in the year. Of these, sixty-nine 
 were granted less than five per cent, of the number applied 
 for, and averaging about one to each county. Estimating 
 our population at three million six hundred thousand, the 
 average is one pardon to every forty-two thousand three 
 hundred. 
 
 The system of commutation, under the act of May '21,. 
 1869, continues to work well in all the prisons, and has pro- 
 duced a decidedly salutary effect upon the discipline of the 
 prisons and the character of the prisoners. 
 
 The death penalty has been twice carried into effect during 
 the year, once in Cambria county and once in Chester. 
 
 A report of pardons and executions for the year ending 
 November 30, 1872, accompanies this communication.
 
 GOVERNOR OF PENNSYLVANIA. 39 
 
 IMPROVEMENT OF THE OHIO RIVER. 
 
 The subject of the improvement of the Ohio river and its 
 navigable tributaries has long engaged the attention of lead- 
 ing business men of our own and other States, and they 'have 
 several times solicited Congressional action in its behalf. 
 Organized effort was commenced during the present year. A 
 convention met in Cincinnati on the twentieth of last Feb- 
 ruary, in which a comparison of views led to the adoption of 
 a resolution requesting the Governors of the States of Penn- 
 sylvania, West Virginia, Indiana, Illinois, Ohio, Kentucky 
 and Tennessee, to appoint each a committee of five mem- 
 bers, who should act as a commission to take charge of, and 
 promote by all legitimate means the desired improvement. 
 I responded to the request, and appointed as commissioners 
 for Pennsylvania, James K. Moorhead, Thomas J. Powers, 
 George H. Thurston, Joseph Walton and Edward Blauchard. 
 The Governors of the other States made similar appointments, 
 and the commission met at Cincinnati on the eighteenth of 
 September. It continued in session two days, and its pro- 
 ceedings indicate that its members were actuated by earnest- 
 ness of spirit, and by just, comprehensive and statesmanlike 
 views. 
 
 The commission from its own body appointed committees 
 on statistics, legislation, water supply and available reser- 
 voirs, plans and manner of improvement, and an executive 
 committee, with power to act in the intervals of its regular 
 sessions. Resolutions were adopted asking the Governors of 
 the several States represented, to present the subject upon 
 which the commission had been created in their forth- coming 
 messages to their respective Legislatures to advise them to 
 instruct their Senators and request their Representatives in 
 Congress to favor a liberal policy toward an interest of such 
 magnitude, and to recommend them to make an appropria- 
 tion sufficient to pay the expenses of the commission.
 
 40 ANNUAL MESSAGE OF THE 
 
 From a memorial prepared and submitted to the commis- 
 sion by Mr. Thurston, it is manifest that the project is one oi 
 the very highest importance to the States immediately con- 
 cerned, and indirectly of great interest to the whole country. 
 The claims of this subject to your prompt and favorable con- 
 sideration, and that of Congress will hardly be questioned, 
 when it is remembered that it is presented by gentlemen who 
 represent one-half of the population of the country ; that the 
 people, who would be directly or indirectly benefited by the 
 contemplated improvement, possess one-half of its cultivated 
 lands, raise sixty per cent, of its agricultural products, breed 
 sixty per cent, of its live stock, own fifty per cent, of its capi- 
 tal invested in farming implements and machinery, and have, 
 heretofore, paid thirty-five per cent, of its internal taxation, 
 and contributed a corresponding share toward the payment 
 of the National debt. 
 
 The President of the United States, in his late message, 
 invites the attention of Congress to this and similar enter- 
 prises, as being of great moment to the varied producing in- 
 tersts and the internal commerce of the country in time of 
 peace, " and of inestimable value in case of a foreign war." 
 In the scheme for the improvement of the Ohio river and its 
 navigable tributaries, Pennsylvania has an immediate and deep 
 cencern. The subject, as presented by Mr. Thurston, has awak- 
 ened in my own mind an unreserved and ardent sympathy, and 
 I refer you with pleasure to his very comprehensive and able 
 report, and most cordially recommend that the instructions re- 
 quested, and an appropriation to meet the necessary expenses of 
 our commissioners, be given. I am informed that the amount 
 required by the commissioners of each State will not exceed 
 three thousand dollars. It need scarcely be added that tbe 
 character of the gentlemen composing the commission entitles 
 them to your perfect confidence, and gives assurance that the 
 appropriation would be judiciously and honestly expended.
 
 GOVERNOR OP PENNSYLVANIA. 41 
 
 CENTENNIAL. 
 
 On the fourth of July, 1876, the nation will have completed 
 the first century of its existence. The design to celebrate 
 that great event in a becoming manner doubtless commends 
 itself alike to your intelligent appreciation of the blessings 
 of liberty and independence, and your highest sentiments of 
 patriotic pride and gratitude. Already the preliminary steps 
 of the design have been taken, and toward its happy realiza- 
 tion the people of the entire country are looking with pro- 
 found interest and pleasure. By a combination of circum- 
 stances, well known in history, in the metropolis of our State 
 the Declaration of Independence was proclaimed, and the 
 Constitution subsequently adopted. 
 
 That city has, therefore, very naturally been selected as tke 
 scene of the proposed Centennial Celebration and Interna- 
 tional Exhibition. 
 
 A popular manifestation of this kind should correspond to 
 the character of the event to be celebrated. It will be the 
 first Centennial celebration of our national existence the 
 greatest event that can possibly occur in the life- time of any 
 living American ; it w^l be the first international exhibition 
 ever given in honor of Eepublican Government, and will ex- 
 hibit the effect of our institutions in promoting wealth, intelli- 
 gence and happiness. The ceremonies of this unprecedented 
 occasion should be noted for spontaneous enthusiasm, univer- 
 sal enlistment of popular sentiment, and a more impressive 
 grandeur than has ever heretofore been witnessed. 
 
 The, enterprise, which cannot fail to interest the whole 
 country, must prove unusually attractive to Philadelphians, 
 and scarcely less so to the whole people of the Common- 
 wealth ; and it is certainly to be expected that they will be 
 peculiarly distinguished for earnestness and zeal in its sup- 
 port. The city having thus far borne all the expenses attend- 
 ing the organization and meetings of the United States Com-
 
 42 . ANNUAL MESSAGE OP THE 
 
 missioners, and having extended to them graceful courtesies 
 and liberal hospitality, it may be well now to consider what 
 the State may do to advance the cause, and what furthei 1 
 action or aid in the premises may be expected from the Gen- 
 eral Government. 
 
 Naturally desiring to have no financial trusts in this connec- 
 tion, and feeling the need of an executive arm capable of 
 performing the many business functions essential to the suc- 
 cess of the undertaking, the National Commissioners asked 
 Congress to authorize the organization of a corporation, 
 under the title of the "Centennial Board of Finance," with a 
 capital stock amounting to ten million dollars, divided into 
 shares of ten dollars each, with the power of acquiring and 
 holding such real and personal estate as may be needed iu 
 carrying into effect the act of Congress, approved March .'}, 
 1871. 
 
 An act embodying these privileges was promptly passed 
 by Congress. June 1, 1871, and under it books for the sub- 
 scription of the stock have been opened in each State and 
 Territory, and the organization of the Board of Finance will 
 probably be completed before the adjournment of the Legis- 
 lature. 
 
 
 
 The quota of stock allotted to Pennsylvania will be 
 promptly taken, and more than this its people cannot do, 
 until the hundred days, prior to the organization of the Board 
 of Finance, in which the subscription books are required to 
 be kept open in each State and Territory, shall have elapsed ; 
 after which time, any stock not taken, should, if not called 
 for by others, be promptly subscribed by our citizens. 
 
 Under the eleventh article of the Constitution, the State is 
 prohibited from subscribing for stocks or lending its credit 
 for any other object than the payment of its own debt, or for 
 the purpose of military defence. But it can and should make 
 such a special donation as would inspire popular confidence, 
 excite the emulation of other States, and insure the prompt
 
 GOVERNOR OF PENNSYLVANIA. 43 
 
 commencement of the work upon a scale commensurate with 
 its importance. 
 
 The eighth section of the original act of Congress author- 
 izing the exhibition, provides "that whenever the President 
 shall be informed by the Governor of the State of Pennsyl- 
 vania that provision has been made for the erection of suita- 
 ble buildings for the purpose, and for the exclusive control by 
 the commission herein provided for, of the proposed exposi- 
 tion, the President shall, through the Department of State, 
 make proclamation of the same, setting forth the time at 
 which the exhibition will open and the place at which it shall 
 be held ; and he shall communicate to the diplomatic repre- 
 sentatives of all nations copies of the same, together with 
 such regulations as may be adopted by the commissioners, 
 for publication in their respective countries." 
 
 The provisions authorizing the organization of the Board 
 of Finance, and the formal proclamation of the national and 
 international character of the exhibition is deferred until the 
 the Governor of this Commonwealth can make the required 
 report to the President of the United States. I would, there- 
 fore, recommend to your honorable bodies to make a suffi- 
 cient appropriation for the purpose of securing the erection 
 of suitable buildings for holding the exhibition, to be under 
 the cotrol of the National Commission in accordance with the 
 act of Congress. 
 
 I would further recommend that your " Committee on Fed- 
 eral Eelations" consider the propriety of asking Congress to 
 make an appropriation for such necessary expenses of the 
 National Commissioners as will enable them to work with 
 efficiency. The members are national officers charged with 
 a trust of great responsibility, and engaged in an enterprise 
 in which the reputation of the country is directly involved. 
 
 Our Government, which expended a large sum of money 
 in promoting the Paris exhibition, certainly will not treat the 
 agents to whom it has committed the task of preparing a
 
 44 ANNUAL MESSAGE OF THE 
 
 memorial of its birth upon its own soil, in the form of an In- 
 ternational Exhibition of the Arts of Modern Civilization, 
 with such parsimony as would deprive them of their proper 
 influence, dignity and independence. 
 
 The State Commissioners heretofore appointed under the 
 acts of the Legislature have made no report of their transac- 
 tions, and may not yet have found their proper sphere of 
 usefulness. They can render much service to the United 
 States Commissioners, and to the Board of Finance, by ob- 
 taining subscriptions of stock, and promoting such organiza- 
 tion of the industries of the State as would contribute to the 
 success of the exhibition, and present an appropriate display 
 of the wealth and resources of the Commonwealth. 
 
 This great national enterprise appeals as well to local pride 
 as to common patriotism ; it must be successful the nation 
 has decreed it ; and since to Pennsylvania has been assigned 
 the honor of having the celebration take place on her soil, 
 she must and will see to it that it shall not fail. I, therefore, 
 earnestly solicit for it not only your aid but also the thought- 
 ful and zealous support of all social, industrial, scientific, 
 educational and religious associations, and that of all good 
 citizens, who have at heart the honor, perpetuity, and happi- 
 ness of our common country. 
 
 GENERAL REMARKS. 
 
 In my official communica.tions, heretofore, to the Legisla- 
 ture, and in public addresses to the people, I have without 
 hesitation declared my views in favor of protection to our 
 Home Industries, and in defence of labor against foreign 
 competition. Continued observation and experience have 
 tended to confirm me as to the correctness of the opinions 
 then expressed. I now reiterate them with undiminished 
 confidence ; and feel peculiar satisfaction in the belief that 
 Congress will maintain a policy that has so vastly contri- 
 buted to the prosperity of the whole country.
 
 GOVERNOR OP PENNSYLVANIA.. 45 
 
 The inter-state courtecies, heretofore exercised, have been 
 continued and fostered by a system of mutual exchanges of 
 the laws and other public documents ; and in the enforce- 
 ment of statutes authorizing requisitions, and the rendition 
 of fugitive criminals. During my administration there has 
 not occurred a single circumstance to mar the harmony and 
 friendship existing between the Government of Pennsylvania 
 and that of any other State, or of the Nation. The obvious 
 advantages arising from such a condition of our affairs must 
 naturally tend to advance the best interests of the States, 
 and cement the bonds of the National Union. 
 
 The recent elections prove, by unprecedented majorities, 
 that the country reposes extraordinary confidence in the 
 patriotism, sagacity and integrity of the Republican party. 
 In response to this sentiment, that party should discharge its 
 sacred trust by a wise, honest, economical and patriotic ad- 
 ministration of the government ; a thorough reform of the 
 civil service ; the continuation of such duties upon foreign 
 imports as will secure and enhance the prosperity of our do- 
 mestic manufactures ; the reduction of the scale of internal 
 taxes to the lowest degree that would be adequate to the 
 maintenance of the public credit and the gradual extinction 
 of the national debt; the restoration of our foreign com- 
 merce ; the extension of ample financial facilities for the re- 
 quirements of business ; the encouragement and regulation 
 of immigration ; the increase of the means of cheap land and 
 water transportation, with a view to the largest and most 
 rapid development of the national resources ; and such en- 
 forcement of the provisions of the amended Constitution as 
 will preserve peace in the States and secure, beyond the touch 
 of injustice and oppression, the rights of all citizens. 
 
 All the circumstances considered, I may, in this connection 
 be excused for the indulgence of some brief personal allusions. 
 In the administration of the Chief Magistracy, I have, with 
 only good intentions, and unconscious of intentional error, to
 
 48 ANNUAL MESSAGE OF THE 
 
 the best of my ability, endeavored to discharge the various 
 duties that have devolved upon me, in suc'h manner as to ad- 
 vance the public welfare, by condemning waste and extrava- 
 gance, practicing economy, reducing taxation, paying the 
 State debt, promoting the public health, advancing the cause 
 of general education, cultivating humanity and charity, tem- 
 pering justice from the fountain of mercy, maintaining the 
 principles of the Constitution, and defending the honor and 
 sovereignty of the State, and the rights and interests of her 
 citizens. 
 
 During my administration the Legislature has been in ses- 
 sion three hundred and eighty-seven days ; in that time nine 
 thousand two hundred and forty-two bills, and one hundred 
 and fourteen resolutions, were passed, of which eight thou- 
 sand eight hundred and forty-two bills, and one hundred and 
 thirteen resolutions, received my approval ; six became laws 
 without my sanction, and three hundred and ninety were ve- 
 toed. The vetoes average a little more than one per diem dur- 
 ing the sessions, and all of which, with the exception of four, 
 were sustained by the Legislature. In addition to my six 
 annual messages, I have also transmitted to the Legislature 
 one hundred and five special communications. 
 
 The period for disconnecting my official relations with the 
 General Assembly having almost arrived, I may properly 
 avail myself of this opportunity to acknowledge the general 
 courtesy I have received from the successive Legislatures with 
 whom I have had the honor to hold official intercourse, and 
 to express the profound sense of gratitude I entertain toward 
 the people of my native State, for the many honors they 
 have conferred upon me, and still more for the steadfast 
 confidence with which they have supported me, and sustained 
 my administration. 
 
 To Hon. Francis Jordan, Secretary of State ; Hon. Fred- 
 erick Carroll Brewster, Attorney General ; Hon. James P. 
 Wickersham, Superintendent of Schools, and General Alex-
 
 GOVERNOR OF PENNSYLVANIA. 47 
 
 ander Eussell, Adjutant General, I tender my warmest and 
 special thanks, for their hearty accord and energetic support. 
 I owe them not only a debt of gratitude for their personal 
 fidelity, but a sincere and heart-felt commendation to the 
 people, for the able, efficient and eminently satisfactory man- 
 ner in which they have performed all the duties that have 
 been devolved upon them in their several departments. Ool. 
 Benjamin P. Lee, my Private Secretary, and his assistant, 
 Ool. William C. Armor, are deserving of honorable mention, 
 for their zealous and faithful execution of my orders. My 
 thanks are also due, and they are earnestly tendered, to the 
 clerks and other appointees in the several departments, for 
 their uniform courtesy, and the zeal manifested by them for 
 the public good. 
 
 It affords me peculiar satisfaction to feel that my official 
 honors and responsibilities are shortly to be transferred into 
 the hands of a gentleman, who will sacredly guard the one, 
 and faithfully discharge the other. Major General John F. 
 Hartranft has signally illustrated his courage and patriotism 
 on many fiercely contested fields of battle; and qualities, 
 that have made his reputation as a soldier, have been no less 
 conspicuous in the pursuits of civil life. He will bring to 
 the discharge of his duties a large and valuable experience 
 in the management of public affairs ; and all that is known 
 of his antecedents may be regarded as a guaranty for that 
 confidence of the people who have elevated him to the Guber- 
 natorial Chair by so large a majority. I bespeak for him 
 your hearty co-operation in guarding and advancing the 
 public interests; and I earnestly invoke Heaven's choicest 
 blessings upon the people of Pennsylvania that their abund- 
 ance may never be diminished and that her honored name 
 may shine in the galaxy of the American Union with in- 
 creasing splendor forever. 
 
 JNO. W. GEARY. 
 
 EXECUTIVE CHAMBER, ) 
 
 Harrisburg, Pa., January 8, 1873. >
 
 PARDON REPORT. 
 
 Report of pardons granted and death warrants issued during the 
 year ending November 30, 1872, respectfully submitted for the infor- 
 mation of the Legislature and the people of the Commonwealth : 
 
 1. JOHN LENNOX. Washington county. Murder in the Second 
 Degree. May 25, 186T. Eight years in Western Penitentiary. Par- 
 doned November 27, 1871. Recommended by Hon. W. M'Kennan, 
 Hon. Geo. V. Lawrence, Hon. John Hall, U. S. marshal; Boyd Cum- 
 mins, Janthus Bentlej-, W. W. Smith, C. M. Reed, J. M. Voyers, Win. 
 Wakman, W. C. Ramsey, sheriff; D. M. Donehoe, prothonotary ; 
 .Samuel Ruth, clerk of courts ; J. N. Hamilton, register ; John P. 
 Charlton, recorder ; James B. Gibson, treasurer; S. M. Bell, Jos. M. 
 Spriggs, J. W. Baker, Win. Quail, Alex. Rankin, Samuel Ruth, W. II. 
 Bradin, D. F. Patterson, Alfred Creigh, Samuel Fulton, John Allen, 
 Geo. S. Hart, J. S. Hammond, Wm. Montgomery, Chas. C. White, 
 Robert Wylie, Thaddeas Stanton, Jesse Jordan, B. F. Uasson, James 
 S. Stocking, Wm. Workman, James Sterman, Chas. M. Rupple, Henry 
 Gantz, the jurors in the case ; Isaac H. Langdon, John Earwi/r, B. L. 
 Craven, Thos. Warrell, James Brother, Wm. Lyons, George Ilainlit>, 
 Joseph M'Curry, James Rainey, S. Mancha, Robert Orr and J. V. llea. 
 Reasons: Lennox has already suffered an imprisonment of over six 
 years ; he is now over fifty years of age and in failing health ; thu 
 crime was committed during great political excitement, and under 
 great provocation ; the sentiment of the community in which the crime 
 occurred is favorable to his pardon, and the ends of justice have been 
 fully subserved by the punishment already inflicted. 
 
 2. BENJAMIN DILLEY. Luzerne county. Keepiny a Gambling 
 House. September 23, 1871. Fifty dollars fine and three years in 
 Eastern Penitentiary. Pardoned November 29, 1871. Recommended 
 liy Hon. Thomas Collins, associate judge; E. S. Herriam, district 
 attorney ; I. M. Kirkend, mayor of Wilkesbarre ; F. U. Collins and P. 
 Pe Lacey, members of the Legislature . H. Armstrong, Hendrick B.
 
 f,0 PAKDON REPORT OF THE 
 
 \Vright, Rev. Thomas P. Hunt, Gen. E. S. Osborne, Charles Parrish, 
 W. II. Hibbs, E. J. Adams, E. J. Sturdevant, R. S. Hollingshead, 
 \Vm. C. Yost, Charles Pike, R. J. Flick, John Faser, E. W. Sturdevant, 
 J. II. Flin, R. Barn, Edmund Taylor, A. 13. Weil, Daniel Ilarkins, 
 Jonas Long, J. R. Coolbaugh, De Witt C. Cooley, S. Coben, A. Morse, 
 A. Hoffheimcr, II. Ansbacher, and more than three hundred other citi- 
 zens of Wilkesbarre. Reasons: Dilley never kept a gambling house ; 
 his offence consisted in allowing some persons, once only, to occupy a 
 room to play faro ; a conviction could not have been bad with the facts 
 properly laid before a jury ; has hitherto borne a good character; and 
 recent bereavements render his pardon almost indispensible. 
 
 3. JAMES WILLIAMS. Delaware county. Assault and Battery. No- 
 vember 27, 1871. One hundred dollars line and ten days in county 
 prison. Pardoned December 1, 1871. Recommended by Hon. James 
 Pollock, George II. Stuart, W. J. Wylie, William Ray and others. 
 Reasons : He has always been a well disposed and inoffensive man ; 
 the assault and battery was provoked by gross and long continued 
 personal abuse. Fine paid ; imprisonment only remitted. 
 
 4. JOHN MAGINNIS, WILLIAM M'COLLEY, ABRAM HANES, JOSEPH 
 SNYDER, HENRY SEAMON, JAMES JACKSON and ANDREW SHEI-PARD. 
 Philadelphia. Assault and Battery. November 2, 1871. Three 
 months in county prison. Pardoned December G, 1871. Recom- 
 mended by John Wismer, Clement Wilson, Jeremiah Murphy, Win. 
 Cooper, Charles Hard, Marshall Scott and John G. Gilliams, seven of 
 the jurors on the case; Hon. Leonard Myers, John O'Byrne, John 
 Lamon, Win. R. Leeds, Joseph Moore, F. T. Walton, Albert Emerick, 
 William Montgomery, J. Swartz, F. B. Davis, Louis Schurk, Henssler 
 Horley, Kesler & Delaney, Thos. Oram, Henry Charlton, William 
 Oram, Isaac Bass, Edward T. M'Enau, William Murray, Henry 
 Mercer, S. H. Atkinson, Martin C. Cramp, Adam P. Hill, Robert 
 W. Dunlap, Wm. II. Weston, John Craig, John L. Stewart, Frederick 
 Sinister and others. Reasons : On the trial of their causes they 
 proved unblemished characters for peace, industry and sobriety ; the 
 evidence against them was conflicting ; they are yet merely boys, are 
 deeply penitent, and there are many extenuating circumstances con- 
 nected with their offence. 
 
 f>. DAVID JILLIARD. Wayne county. Manslaughter. May 9, \ 
 One hundred dollars flne and five years in Eastern Penitentiary. P:;r-
 
 GOVERNOR OF PENNSYLVANIA. 51 
 
 doncd December 7, 1871. Recommended by F. B. Penneman, W. 
 Dimmick, A. M. Atkinson, C. 13. Jadwin, E. A. Penneman, II. Wilson. 
 C. S. Minor, Geo. G. Waller, C. P. Waller, 11. S. Porin, Jno. R. Rose, 
 Samuel E. Dimmick, C. F. Elder, II. R. Beardslee, Geo. S. Purely. 
 John M'Intosb, T. M. Crami, Thos. Collins, J. Robinson, Thn ? . .1. 
 Walsh, E. 15. Bu.mb.ard, Sydney Broadbent, Edward Sharp, II. J. 
 Kellej', and upwards of two hundred other citizens of Wayne county. 
 Reasons : The defendant did the killing in defence of his wife's honor ; 
 the deceased entered the house of the defendant partially intoxicated 
 and refused to leave when ordered to do so ; that he used grossly in- 
 sulting language to the wife of the defendant, and, at least, twice 
 attempted to enter her chamber for the avowed purpose of committing 
 an outrage upon her person. 
 
 G. HENRY S. CORE and SAMUEL STAMBATJQII. Lebanon county. 
 Rape. November 19, 1870. One hundred dollars fine and two years 
 and six months in the Eastern Penitentiary. Pardoned December 
 15, 1871. Recommended by Hon. John J. Pearson, president judge : 
 Hons. John E. Kinports and Joseph Coover, associate judges ; Hon. 
 J. K. Killinger ; Jacob Shelly, Joseph R. Henry, Philip F. M'Cauiey, 
 Samuel Beck, John H. Ulrich, Felix Light, T. T. Worth, W. M. Kauf- 
 man, F. A. Shultz, J. S. Shultz, Jas. E. Cherrington, Geo. M. Lininger. 
 W. Zimmerman, Samuel Shoop, Seth K. Smith, L. Z. Sack, J. M. 
 Zimmerman, W. E. Eck, M. R. Hunter, J. B. Shultz, E. S. Garrett. 
 Daniel A. Mizener, Elias Wallace, James Wallace, J. II. Henry, Philip 
 J. M'Cauley, Samuel Beck, J. H. Ulrich, Henry Kreizin, Samuel 
 Crause, I). Mosser, C. Woolison, P. Spangler, J. S. Mayer, J. II. 
 Weirick, J. X. Shirk, H. H. Carmany, F. Noll, W. D. Bassler, M. 
 Myers, J. Loose, G. W. Donges, W. II. Coover, and many others. 
 Reasons : Prior to the commission of this crime, the defendants bore 
 excellent characters ; public prejudice was greatly excited against them 
 at the time of their trial, and the testimony on which they were con- 
 victed was doubtful and contradictory; and the facts do not justify 
 further punishment. 
 
 7. WILLIAM CLINTON. Allegheny county. Adultery. July 15, 
 1871. One hundred dollars fine and six months in county work- 
 house. Pardoned July 26, 1871, but fine not remitted. Recom- 
 mended by Hon. Jas. S. Negley, Samuel Kilgore, Thos. A. Powley, A. 
 P. Logan, J. M. Creighton, Wm. B. Compton, J. P. M'Intyre, Joseph
 
 T>2 PARDON REPORT OF THE 
 
 Fleming, A. L. Pearson, Richmond Thompsou s Joseph Brown, 
 James Taylor, A. M. Brown, Richard Thompson, Robert Dickson, 
 Patrick M'Gonegal, Charles Jeremy, S. Gillings, W. J. Hammond, J. 
 A. Robinson, Thos. II. M'llvain, G. W. Schmidt, W. J. Anderson, W. 
 J. Gilmore, W. J. France, R. II. Wilson, James Irvine, Jas. B. Hart, 
 O. M. Barr, Thos. W. Davis, Win. I). Taylor, J. E. M'Elvy, John 
 Dalzell, Samuel B. Cluley, Chas. C. Small, Thos. I). Blair, Samuel 
 Musgrave, Thos. J. Barbour, R. M. Crawford, W. J. France, D. Pan- 
 coast, 1). Ilaworth, R. II. Wilson, Jas. P. Hoke, Hugh S. Fleming, 
 and about one hundred others. Reasons : The defendant had always 
 been an upright citizen ; he has been amply punished for the crime 
 alleged to have been committed ; and Hon. Edwin S. Stowe, associate 
 law judge, writes : " I believe Mr. Clinton has been sadly victimized 
 by the father of this girl. * * * * I feel convinced, from what I 
 have heard since the sentence, that the matter was only pushed on as 
 a means, or because of a failure to secure more money." 
 
 8. SAMUEL W. FREEBURJJ. Dauphin count}'. Obtaining Goods by 
 False Pretences. December 7, 1871. Six months in county prison. 
 Pardoned December 23, 1871. Recommended by Horr. David Mumma, 
 Wm. K. Verbeke, Rud. F. Kelker, George Bergner, Edward Birming- 
 ham, John Till, Richard Updegrovc, P. H. Ryan, A. P. Erb, Wm. S. 
 Shaffer, Dan'l A. Muench, Christian Heikel, sheriff; C. S. Funk, E. 
 Byers, E. S. Zollinger, John L. Speel, Chas. II. Tunis, G. W. Sim- 
 mons, James Nicholson, 0. B. Simmons, John J. Shoemaker, John W. 
 Young, D. Stockton, and F. K. Swartz. Reasons: The affidavits of 
 Edward Martin, Amelia Iloke, and Rebecca Freeburn, state that the 
 liquors for the purchase of which, through false pretences, the prisoner 
 was convicted, were bought by him at the urgent request of the prose- 
 cutor, and that the prosecutor asked him no questions concerning any 
 property of the said defendant, and that no representations were 
 made by him that be owned any property. William II. Egle, M. D., 
 prison physician, writes of the prisoner : "It is not probable that he 
 would be able to serve out his time by such close confinement, and 
 hence I earnestly recommend his release." Freeburn has since died. 
 
 9. BERNARD BRANNON. Philadelphia. Ihirglary. March 11, 1871 
 Two years in Eastern Penitentiary. Pardoned January 5, 1872. Re- 
 commended by Michael Meier, the prosecutor; Joseph II. Rheem, 
 Thomas Kelly, Frederick Doner, Wm. Heckman, Thomas Cameron,
 
 GOVERNOR OF PENNSYLVANIA. 53 
 
 Jacob Koenig, John B. Winder, Garrett Yansant, Charles Ilebsacker, 
 Thomas II. Owens, and Win. II. II. Wallace; eleven jurors; lion. 
 David Xagle, Aldermen Owen M'Donald and W. W. Daugherty, 
 Henry Struble, T. A. Sloan, John Huplet, Joseph Pill, M. S. Btilldey, 
 Francis M'Mannus, Gco. W. Williams, J. D. Williamson, Henry 
 Christian, C. S. Pcall, Edward L. Craft, Chas. II. Stokes, John W. 
 Kester, Joseph II. Campbell, Edward K. Worrell, and many other 
 citizens. Reasons: Brannon is a very young man and has always 
 borne a good character for honesty; he is now lying dangerously ill, 
 and the imprisonment already suffered is considered sufficient to sat- 
 isfy the ends of justice. 
 
 10. MARTHA WESTON. Huntingdon county. Selling Liquor to 
 Minors. January 11, 1872. Pardoned January 11, 1872. Recom- 
 mended by Hon. LI. Bruce Petriken, senator ; Milton S. Lytle, district 
 attorney ; R. Milton Specr and W. II. Woods, counsel for the Common- 
 wealth ; M. M. M'Xeil, A. Houck, D. R. P. Meely, R. M'Devitt, J. E. 
 Smucker, George Jackson, A. B. Miller, J. Evans, Henry W. Miller, 
 S. J. Lloyd, county officers ; P. M. Lytle, Miles Zentmyer, R. 
 
 A. Orbison, Jno. M. Bailey, J. R. Simpson, W. M. Williamson, 
 E. S. M'Murtrie, D. Blair, Win. P. Orbison, Wm. Dorris, K. 
 Allen Lovell, and other members of the bar; J. L. Houck, Curtis 
 Krider, Daniel Swartz, John W. Potter, John Ritter, J. W. Isen- 
 bcrg, B. S. De Forest, Christian Peightal, W. B. White, John Bolinger, 
 M. A. Felrnlee and Jacob Hofl'ner, the jurors who tried the case; J. 
 
 B. Wakefield, Samuel Waters, G. W. Jeffries, Samuel Adams and 
 
 s 
 
 John Lee, grand jurors ; Wm. Brown, George Kyler, Thomas Dean, 
 G. W. Johnson, and seventy other prominent citizens. Reasons: 
 Mrs. Weston is a widow lady of great respectability; the business 
 cast upon her by her husband's death, is her only means of support ; 
 would suffer by her imprisonment ; there are many mitigating circum- 
 stances in her behalf; the costs will be heavy and the payment of them 
 is deemed sufficient punishment. 
 
 11. SAMUEL Baowx. Mifflin county. Burglary. January G, 1872. 
 Fifteen mouths in Western Penitentiary. Pardoned January 1-2. 
 Recommended by J. C. Bucher, president judge ; A. Troxel, associate 
 judge ; II. J. Culberlson, district attorney ; Andrew Reed, C. J. Arms, 
 Joseph Alexander, II. J. Walters, J. S. Rakera, J. W. Parker, E. L. 
 Benedict, J. B. Selheimer, D. W. Woods, George W. Elder, John A.
 
 ."U PARDON REPORT OF THE 
 
 M'lvce, T. M. Uttly, J. T. M'Clure, members of the Mifllin county 
 liar; :ind Henry Bossinger, prosecutor. Reasons: The prisoner was 
 found on the premises of the prosecutor, in the night time, in a stupe- 
 lied condition, and made no attempt to run away or evade justice; he 
 is of weak intellect, and a poor, needy, inoffensive man ; the weak 
 state of his mind goes far to take away the heinousness of his crime ; 
 the majesty of the law has been fully vindicated, and no good purpose 
 would be subserved in further punishing him. 
 
 12. SYLVESTER GEORGE. Northampton county. Larceny. Janu- 
 ary 18, 1871. Two years and one month in county prison. Pardoned 
 January 19. Recommended by the prosecutor, William II. Coleman ; 
 (Jeorge W. Walton, sheriff ; James M. Porter, district attorney; A. 
 Meyers, S. M'Cammon, A. D. Shriner, O. L. Fehr, James J. Cope 7 
 (ieorge 0. Walton, Martin Frey, George H. Young, and Uriah Sandt, 
 county officers ; B. E. Lehmer, W. II. Selfridge, Robert Peysert, Her- 
 man M. Fetter, James T. Borkek, C. A. Lubenbach, Larin J. Krause, 
 R. S. Brown, George J. Desh, M. II. Snyder, D. D. Ritter, James H. 
 Nolle, George Anawalt, J. J. Kechline, Jas. R. Roney, B. F. Boyer, 
 II. II. Dash, Caleb H. Dart, II. P. Hammann, F. E. Lukenbach, E. P. 
 Wolle, Theo. F. Severs, Jas. T. Brock, Jr., John B. Zimmte, R. A. 
 Abbott, Geo. W. Reigel, A. N. Leinbach, Henry G. Borkek, Charles 
 Kleckner, J. M. Seibert, Jos. A. Weaver, Jno. Lerch, and over one 
 hundred other citizens of Northampton county. Reasons : The de- 
 fendant is a young man who has hitherto born a good character ; the 
 crime was committed without felonious intent ; the value of the pro- 
 perty taken has been restored to the prosecutor. The petition of a 
 dying mother for Executive clemency is granted. 
 
 13. PATRICK BURKE. Philadelphia. Assault and Battery. Novem- 
 ber 27, 1871. Two years in county prison. Pardoned January 11). 
 Recommended by James Paul and Henry Wilhelm, prosecutors ; John 
 Russell, Isaac B. Smith, Edwin Mavkley, Ab'm L. Heebner, Eraanucl 
 Hess, S. Walkley, H. Heidrick and Lewis Thompson, jurors in the 
 tase; Geo. M'Gowan, II. M. Fetter, Samuel D.Strock, Jas. W. Marks, 
 Adam Albright, Howard J. Potts, G. H. Griffiths, John Lamon, E. A. 
 Porter, Geo. Handy Smith, Chas. II. Daugherty, Samuel D. Dailey, 
 E. W. Davis, Frank S. Johnston, Wm. M. Randall, Geo. W. Fox, A. 
 I). Levering, J. B. Hancock and Robert P. Deckert, members of the 
 Legislature ; Geo. W. Hammerslj r , William II. Leeds, J. C. Titter-
 
 GOVERNOR OP PENNSYLVANIA. 5r> 
 
 mary, James Givin, Hugh Collins, George Moore, D. A. Xagle, Ed- 
 ward G. Carlin, John F. Githers, T. J. Barger, Mackellar, Smiths & 
 Jordan, Wra. Lang & Son, J. P. Delano}*-, James Hagan, Isaac M'Bride, 
 A. W. Fletcher, C. J. M'Callister, Frank Register, J. D. Brooks, and 
 many other citizens. Reasons: Barke has a wife and six children 
 dependant upon him for support, who, by reason of his confinement, 
 arc left entirely destitute, and many other extenuating circumstances 
 commend him to clemency. 
 
 14. PHILIP METZ and PETER LIERER. Erie county. Arson. June 
 :j, 18TO. Each one hundred dollars fine and three years in Western 
 Penitentiary. Metz pardoned January 20, and Lierer, March S. 
 Metz's pardon is recommended by George AVagner and Michael Ren/, 
 owners of the building set on tire ; Hon. S. P. Johnson, president 
 judge; Thomas M. Walker, sheriff; J. C. Sturgeon, district attorney ; 
 E. S. Whittlesey, prothonotary ; Isaac B. Gara, Geo. W. Colton, M. 
 Schlaudecker, James Hunter, and many others. Lierer's pardon is 
 recommended by Michael Renz and George Wagner, owners of the 
 building set on fire; Hon. S. P. Johnson, president judge ; lions. Win. 
 Benson and A. A. Craig, associate judges ; J. C. Sturgeon, district 
 attorney ; I. B. Gara, G. W. Starr, Chas. M. Lynch, O. Noble, M. 11. 
 Barr, John Clemms, C. P. Rogers, and many others. Reasons: The 
 defendants were convicted upon evidence of a very doubtful character ; 
 testimony was produced at the trial proving an alibi ; a large reward 
 was offered for the conviction of the offenders, and an anxiety to have 
 some person punished led to their being found guilt}'. They are mere 
 boys ; have almvys sustained good characters, and the law has been 
 fully vindicated. 
 
 15. AUGUSTUS FIRCH. Erie county. Arson. September 1, 1870. 
 Fifty dollars fine and three years in Western Penitentiary. Pardoned 
 January 22. Recommended by Hon. John P. Vincent, president 
 judge ; lions. Wm. Benson and Hollis King, associate judges ; Win. 
 Carpenter, A. E. Shattuck, Jacob Frantz, N. C. Remington, John Sil- 
 lyman, G. Van Court, John Fritz and C. M. Grearfip.ld, jurors; J. C. 
 Sturgeon, district attorney; W. S. Scott, O. Noble, S. Marvin, Jno. 
 M. Hammond, Isaac B. Gara, J. Ross Thompson, Win. H. Morris, P. 
 Mctcalf, W. S. Brown, M. B. Lowry, Geo. W. Colton, Jas. Skinner, G. 
 P. Griffith, S. S. Spencer, John W. Hart, Wm. M. Gallagher, W. II. 
 Lucas, D. B. M'Creary, J. W. Hays, James Dunlap, John Dunlap,
 
 .".(5 PARDON REPORT OF TUB 
 
 -las. C. Marshall, Geo. M. Dunn and G. A. Allen. Reasons: Fiivh 
 was convicted on the testimony of a single witness as to identit}', who 
 had never seen him before, and not until six months after the fire ; 
 1 etilioners believe the evidence was insufficient ; affidavits attest his 
 innocence ; he has always borne a good character, and the facts do not 
 justify a further imprisonment. 
 
 16. REV. E. W. KIRI;Y. Franklin county. Adultery. January 20, 
 1872. Two hundred dollars fine and thirty days in county prison. 
 Pardoned January 24. Recommended by I. II. M'Cauley, Wilson 
 lleilly, George W. Brewer, S. W. Hays, Hastings Gehr, Wm. M. Scl- 
 lars, F. M. Kimmell, J. J. Eby, Lyman S. Clarke, J. M. M'Dowell, F. 
 8. Stumbaugh, and T. C. Kennedy. Reasons : The defendant was 
 convicted on very doubtful evidence. His imprisonment is not de- 
 sired by the counsel of the prosecutrix and her husband. The dis- 
 grace attending his trial and deposition from the ministry is deemed 
 sufficient punishment. 
 
 17. JOHN HASSOX. Philadelphia. Larceny. November 3, Ibii'.). 
 Two years and six months in Eastern Penitentiary. Pardoned Janu- 
 ary 25. Recommended by Thomas Smyth, the prosecutor ; Cornelius 
 Bernon, Thos. Pauly, Charles Price, John A. Sexton, Daniel Lemon, 
 Jacob Swartz, Timothy Fitzpatrick, James L. Robinson, John M'G in- 
 Icy, Henry G. Filmer, William Newman and James Ogden, jurors ; 
 Robert P. Deckert, J. A. Houseman, Richard Peltz, Wm. R. Leeds, 
 Isaac M'Bride, R. C. Tittermary and II. J. M'Intyre ; for the reasons 
 that the evidence upon which Hasson was convicted was not conclu- 
 sive; he has served over two years of his term; his health is rapidly 
 failing, and no good can result in his further imprisonment. 
 
 18. JOHN NEWELL. Allegheny county. Mayhem. July 8, 1871. 
 Fifty dollars fine and sixteen months in Western Penitentiary. Par- 
 doned January 26. Recommended by Hon. A. P. Callow, J. Mor- 
 rison, Hon. James Blackburn, Joseph A. Butler, Jas. Prowden, James 
 Lowry, Jr., II. B. Wilkins, Hugh S. Fleming, Wm. J. Diehl, A. 
 L. Pearson, M. Swartzwelder, Wilson M'Caadless, James A. Ross, 
 John Glenn, C. L. Magee, John S. Lambie, Joseph Ross, Wm. J. 
 Buck, L. E. Johns, W. W. M'Clelland, J. D. Mahon, James M'Gunne- 
 gle, Charles Jeremy, Samuel Hare, A. J. Jackman, Jr., Samuel M. 
 Fulton, James Taylor, II. K. Sample, J. D. Fleming, W. M. DeCamps, 
 M. S. Humphreys, John F. Edmundson, Thomas Steel, J. W. Kiiker,
 
 GOVERNOR OF PENNSYLVANIA. ,")7 
 
 and others. Reasons : Xewcll committed the offence which led to his 
 conviction, in a desperate conflict involving his life with a man notori- 
 ous for his quarrelsome disposition and fighting propensities ; the evi- 
 dence offered by the Commonwealth did not justify a conviction for 
 any greater crime than assault and battery, and was of such doubtful 
 character that the defendant was twice tried for the same crime before 
 conviction was had ; the entire jury recommend his release. 
 
 19. HARRY SHEETS. Philadelphia. Larceny. August IS, 1871. 
 Nine months in county prison. Pardoned February 1. Recom- 
 mended by William Winters, the prosecutor ; Charles A.. Porter, John 
 Lamon and George M'Gowen, members of the House of Representa- 
 tives ; Win. R. Leeds, sheriff; Isaac M'Bride, Christian Kneass, Chas 
 V. Mann, John Y. Donnelly, II. C. Tittermary, R. H. Beatty, James 
 W. M. Newlin, S. E. Beers, Geo. F. Hunter, E. R. Biles, and others 
 Reasons : Sheets was led into this, his first offence, while intoxicated ; 
 full restitution of the property stolen has bean made ; he has a wife and 
 child in destitute circumstances. 
 
 20. MARY MACOLLOUGH. Dauphincount}'. Selling Liquor on Sun- 
 day. February 2, 1872. Tea days in county prison and ten dollars 
 fine. Pardoned February 2. Recommended by A. J. Ilerr, F. K. 
 Boas, John H. Weiss, M. R. Young, Win. Kuhn, Joseph H. Nissley, 
 G. J. Kunkle, Geo. H. Irwin, Daniel Keyser, M. W. M'Alarney, Geo. 
 Winters, David Mumma, J. S. Schminkey, Geo. M. Mark, J. C. M'- 
 Alarney, Phil. Irwin, Samuel J. M'Carroll and Ovid F. Johnson. 
 Hon. John J. Pearson, president judge, by whom the prisoner was 
 tried and sentenced, and lions. Isaac Mumma and J. D. Snyder, asso- 
 ciate judges, has written that "she is a poor woman with four small 
 children, who will suffer during her confinement in jail. We would 
 be glad to see her relieved from imprisonment, and recommend that 
 that portion of her sentence be remitted." 
 
 21. FERDINAND LE CLERC. Pike count}'. Selling Liquor on Sun- 
 day. February 22, 1872. Twenty dollars fine and ten days in county 
 prison. Pardoned February 22. Recommended by Hons. G. P. 
 Heller and F. R. Olmstead, associate judges ; John Klear, J. Hal- 
 ted, J. M'Cauty, S. W. Drake and M. K. Rockwell, jurors in the 
 case ; II. S. Mott, E. B. Eldred, Eli Cuddebcck, S. E. Dimniick, Jacob 
 Kleinhaus, D. M. Van Auken, C. W. Ball and John Sclummell, M. ]>. 
 Reasons : Le Clerc is a man of good character, and a respected mem-
 
 f)S PARDON HEPORT OP THE 
 
 l>er of the community in which he lives ; he keeps a quiet and orderly 
 house ; the prosecution was malicious, and brought only for revenge, 
 the prosecutor having committed a gross assault and battery upon the 
 defendant, and been tried and convicted therefor ; he is advanced in 
 years, and of feeble health; the jail of said county, from dampness 
 and orher causes, is unfit for the confinement of a person in his state 
 of health, and his further imprisonment will be likely to result in seri- 
 ous consequences. 
 
 22. JEREMIAH FORCE. Allegheny county. Selling Lottery Tickets. 
 February 10, 1872. Five hundred dollars fine and six months in county 
 work-house. Pardoned February 27. "Recommended by A. L. Pear- 
 son, district attorney ; lions. Jas. L. Graham, Geo. II. Anderson, Miles 
 S. Humphries, Matthew Edwards, James Taylor and IJ. K. Sample, 
 members of the Legislature; Thos. Mellon, Thos. Howard, Colonel 
 Wrn. Philips, Thos. Steele, II. S. Fleming, S. F Yon Eonhurst, W. C. 
 Moreland, John H. Kerr, Thos. W. Davis, Alex. H. Miller, Samuel 13. 
 Cluly, J. M. Gazzam, G. W. Coffin, James Recs, Louis Hoyer, M. D. 
 Peebles, M. H. Markle, Jno. A. M'Kenna, W. PI. Maize, T. D. Williams, 
 S. A. Duncan, Jas. M. Fisher, S. L. Gibson, Henry Kane, W. II. Brown, 
 W. G. Stubbs, W. H. Lowe, J. T. Johnston, R. D. Holmes, Geo. Keyser, 
 Henry W. Barnes, J. S. M. Young, D. Fleming, Win. M. Ilerron, and 
 other reputable citizens. Reasons : Force is sixty j'ears old and in 
 ill health ; his ph} T sician. S. J. Furlough, has made affidavit that he is 
 suffering from a severe bronchial and lung disease and that close con- 
 finement will unquestionably hasten his death. He has always ranked 
 as a respectable and reliable citizen ; he did not think he was amenable 
 to the law, having taken out a license from the United States Govern- 
 ment to sell lottery tickets. The prosecution was for the sole purpose 
 of extorting- money. He has not engaged in the said business for 
 twenty months, and has entirely abandoned it. None of the facts in 
 the case justify a further imprisonment. 
 
 23. N. H. LONQABAUGH. Montgomery county. Selling Liquor on 
 Sunday. February 29, 1872. Fifty dollars fine and ten days in county 
 prison. Pardoned February 29, excepting as to fine and costs. Re- 
 commended by Andrew J. Sims, George W. Steiner, A. W. Dettra, 
 John C. Richardson, John Whitcomb, Jos. C. Beyer, William Stehler, 
 <h Henry Friend, L. W. Reed, M. D., Charles II. M'Coy, F. W. Bigomy, 
 M. D., Samuel Brown, Jr., Jacob Long, "William Wood, and George
 
 GOVERNOR OP PENNSYLVANIA. 51) 
 
 X. Corson. Reasons : Xo liquor has been sold at the defendants 
 hotel on Sunday : none has ever been knowingly sold to minors ; com- 
 plaint has never been made against him until now ; it is believed the 
 prosecution was instituted through malice, and the ends of justice do 
 not require his imprisonment. 
 
 24. JACOB J. BAKER. Perry county. Entering a Building with 
 Felonious Intent. Xovember 2, 1871. One year in Eastern Peniten- 
 tiary. Pardoned March 1. Recommended by Wm. Grier, John II. 
 Sheibley, Dr. F. A. Gutshall, R. C. Adams, John Mianick, Benjamin 
 Ritter, J. B. Froster, Dr. B. P. Hooke, Daniel Minnick, Sr., Andrew 
 Kell, G. C. Palm, J. B. Miller, and nearly two hundred other citizens 
 of Perry county. Reasons : Hon. B. F. Junkin, president judge, and 
 lion. John A. Baker, associate judge, state that defendant was induced 
 to plead guilty under misapprehension of the discretion of the court, 
 and that he could not have been convicted upon trial; he has always 
 been an honest, upright man, and has a wife and two small children 
 dependent upon him for support. 
 
 25. JAMES JONES. Lehigh county. Larceny. September 12, 1871. 
 One year in county prison. Pardoned March 8. Recommended by 
 Hon. A. B. Longaker, president judge ; David Laney, associate judge ; 
 Jonathan Reichart,Wra. II. Hoffman, Stephen Kern, Jno. Strauss, Hiratn 
 JJalliett, Thomas Jacob}*, and Dr. A. J. Martin. Reasons : The prisoner 
 is in ill health and subject to epileptic fits, which have increased in fre- 
 quency and duration since his imprisonment ; unless he is released, loss 
 of reason and death it is feared may ensue ; he cannot be relieved or 
 benefitted by medical treatment while undergoing confinement, and 
 clemency in his case would be an act of justice and humanity. 
 
 26. Louis WAELDE. Yenango county. Robbery. January 28, 1871. 
 Five years and one month in Western Penitentiar}-. Pardoned March 
 S. Recommended by Henry C. Johnson, S. Newton Pettis, C. R. 
 Marsh, Thos. W. Graydon, C. W. Tyler, M. Park Davis, J. W. II. 
 Reisiuger, W. W. Deishman, Daniel Grubb, J. H. Beatty, Samuel T. 
 Groff, B. G. David, Wm. Armstrong, Joseph Fos, E. II. Henderson, 
 Alfred Zimmerman, N. S. Ernst, Harvey Sacket, A. L. Pearson, W. 
 C. Moreland, and many other citizens. Reasons : Waelde has hitherto 
 borne a good reputation for honesty ; he was only accessory after the 
 fact ; he has made restitution of all that he received of the stolen 
 property ; upon the assurance that he would be exempt from prosecu-
 
 CO PARDON EEPOUT OP THE 
 
 tion, he confessed all lie knew of the robbery and of the actual 
 offenders, and thereby was the means of advancing public justice. 
 
 27. LEV: RUSH. Allegheny county. Selling Liquor on Sunday. 
 March 12, 1872. Seventy-five dollars fine and ten days in county 
 prison. Pardoned March 14, excepting the fine. Recommended by 
 Hon. James Blackmore, mayor of Pittsburg ; Hon. A. P. Callow, 
 mayor of Allegheny city; John A. Strain, Chas. B. Strain, J. A. Scott, 
 W. D. Moore, Thos. J. Keenan, Alfred Kerr, Alex. M. Watson, James 
 H. Kerr, S. II. Lyon, II. P. Miller, James M. Taylor, W. J. Asdale, 
 James Littell, W. H. M'Cleary, Joseph Brown, J. E. M'Elvey, J. C. 
 M'Carthy, and other reputable citizens. Reasons: Rush has hereto- 
 fore sustained the reputation of a law-abiding citizen ; the ends of 
 justice have been fully satisfied in the payment of the fine and the 
 punishment already inflicted. 
 
 28. MARY BOYLE. Chester county. Selling Liquor without License, 
 and to Minors. February 29, 1872. One hundred dollars fine and 
 sixty days in county prison. Imprisonment reduced to thirty days, 
 March 19, but fine not remitted. Recommended by W. L. Gray, J. L. 
 Torwood, John Y. Seiper, A. W. Fairlamb, J. Morgan Baker, Perci- 
 pher Baker, James Lenny, G. W. Weaver, J. 0. Dishong, Jr., E. C. 
 Smith, James Barnes, Wm. M'Candless, and fifty others. Reasons : 
 She is a widow, sixty years of age ; has previously borne a good char- 
 acter, and proposes giving up liquor selling. J. T. Torwood, M. I)., 
 certifies that her health is very much impaired by debility and old age, 
 and that the imprisonment will seriously injure her and shorten hci 1 
 life. This pardon is made in consequence of inequality of sentences 
 with other identical offences. 
 
 29. JOHN M'GRAY and JOHN O'\EIL. Delaware county. Selling 
 Liquor on Sunday. February 28 and 29, 1872. M'Gray one hundred 
 dollars fine and sixty days in county prison. O'Neil fifty dollars fine 
 and sixty days in county prison. Imprisonment of each reduced to 
 thirty days, March 23, but flues not remitted. M'Gray's pardon is re- 
 commended by N. J. Layton, John Lilly, Jr., Amos Gartside, George 
 Baker, W. Taylor, H. B. Taylor, George Robinson, Edward Lilley, 
 John Larkin, W. C. Gray, John E. Dyer, and many others. O'Xeil's 
 pardon is recommended by G. E. Darlington, district attorney ; W. 
 Cooper Talley, Y. S. Walter, Edward A. Price, John Hinkson, Samuel 
 H. Leeds, James M'Dade, Edward Barton, G. W. Weaver, Samuel A .
 
 GOVERNOR OF PENNSYLVANIA. (> L 
 
 Dyer, John W. Gamble, Robert Hall, and many others. Reasons : 
 M'Gray has always borne a good character. This is his first offence : 
 and he has a wife and two children dependent ou him for support. 
 O'Xeil has always kept an orderly house; he was not in the habit of 
 keeping his bar open on Sunday. The reputation of the witnesses on 
 the part of the Commonwealth is represented as very bad. He has 
 heretofore occupied a good position in society, and his further punish- 
 ment would answer no good end. This pardon is granted to equalize 
 punishment for identical offences. 
 
 30. WILLIAM A. FARREN. Armstrong county. Assault and Uatlrry. 
 March 16, 1872. Four hundred dollars fine and six months in county 
 prison. Pardoned March 27, excepting as to fine and costs. Reeora- 
 rnended by ex-Governor Wm. F. Johnston, associate counsel for Com- 
 monwealth ; David Barclay, counsel for prosecutrix ; A. J. Montgomery, 
 sheriff; Jefferson Reynolds, district attorney ; E. S. Golden, associate 
 judge; J. L. Conn, Wm. Reiber, Thomas Allen, Jas. M'Gee, D. J. 
 Stewart, A. Campbell. Chas. T. Reynolds, O. D. Dyer, W. P. Book, 
 G. C. Smith, W. H. H. Bell, and forty other citizens. Reasons: An 
 affidavit of Henry M'Ghee, states that Farren suffered a terrible 
 family affliction some j'ears ago, since which time his reason has been 
 impaired, and that from imprisonment his physical system is much 
 prostrated, and unless he is released there is great danger that he may 
 wholly lose his reason ; and under all the extenuating circumstances 
 mercy and humanity commend him to clemency. 
 
 :!1. ALEXANDER SIMPSON. Mercer county. Arson. September 20, 
 \- 7 1. Three years in Western Penitentiary and five hundred dollars 
 fine. Pardoned April 4th, excepting as to fine. Recommended by 
 Hon. John Trunkey, president judge; W. S. Eberman, sheriff; A. 15. 
 M'Cartncy, Wm. Maxwell, N. W. Porter, Geo. S. Westlake, H. M. 
 Hamblin, J. C. Brown, J. S. Graham, J. M'Kinney, P. R. M'Kinney, 
 and nearly one hundred others. Reasons : Simpson was convicted 
 principally on the testimony of the prosecutrix, who is very old and 
 searcelj' a competent witness ; two others, on the same indictment with 
 the prisoner, were acquitted ; he is a very young man, and mainly the 
 support of an aged mother ; he has hitherto borne a good character, 
 and grave doubts exist in regard to his guilt. 
 
 32. NEAL M'CALLION. Allegheny county. Keeping a Disorderly 
 House. March 23, 1872. Three hundred dollars fine and nine months
 
 Ii2 PARDON REPORT OF TIIK 
 
 in county work-house. Pardoned April 11. Recommended by T. 
 Tobias, M. Streny, John D. Nave, Robert A. Bell, Henry Ackerman, 
 A. II. Fisher, Wm. M. Leiton, T. A. Edwards, S. S. M'Kimmell, II. 
 Smith, Frederick Aines, Arthur M'Fadden, Thos. Connel), Jacob An- 
 derson, Joshua Rhodes, J. L/. Dillinger, IT. W. Buffrem, R. M'Gow:. :<, 
 David Danzeath, II. Brady Wilkins, W. C. Moreland, and many others. 
 Reasons : M'Callion's conviction was based on very doubtful testi- 
 mony ; he has always bore a good character, and the sentence was 
 extremely severe. His physician, W. V. Marquis, states that the 
 prisoner " has been an invalid for the greater part of tbe year and 
 will scarcely outlive his sentence." 
 
 33. GEORGE BROWN. Mercer count} 7 . Murder. April 24, 18C9. 
 Eleven years in Western Penitentiary. Pardoned April 24. Recom- 
 mended by Hon. John Trunkey, president judge; lions. David M. 
 Findley and John Lightner, associate judges; Henry M. Hamlin, 
 district attorney; I. M. Sheriff, W. M. Martin, I. II. Robinson, Robert 
 M. Walty, J. D. Moore, Jr., R. M. Irwin, R. II. Irwin, J. H. Rankin, 
 P. E. Shifler, W. A. M'Cormick, J. II. Mutter, J. O. White, Wm. M. 
 Robinson, W. M. Gibson, and nearly one hundred other citizens. 
 Reasons: Brown's health has become so much impared that longer 
 imprisonment will endanger his life ; his conduct while in. prison has 
 been good; he was only seventeen years of age when convicted; he is 
 the principal support of a widowed mother, and other circumstances 
 fully vindicate Executive clemency. 
 
 34. ALFRED COLLINS. Philadelphia. Embezzlement. November 22, 
 1871. One year in county prison. Pardoned April 25. Recom- 
 mended by Eleanor Dean, the prosecutrix : Hons. Samuel D. Strock 
 and J. B. Hancock, members of the House of Representatives, from 
 Philadelphia ; John Blond and William F. Moskey. Reasons : T. 
 Yale Smith, physician for the prison, states that Collins is dying of 
 disease of the lungs, and cannot live many days; his release is 
 prompted from motives of humanity, so that he may die at home at- 
 tended by his parents, who are worthy and respectable people. Since 
 reported dead. 
 
 35. JOHN LONG. Allegheny county. Assault and Battery. Feb- 
 ruary 10, 1872. Six months in county work houss. Pardoned May 
 3. Recommended by Hon. A. P. Callow, mayor of [Allegheny city ; 
 John Magran. Samuel Hastings. Wm. P. Hunskers, Louis Hilke. Wm.
 
 GOVERNOR OF PENNSYLVANIA. (>:> 
 
 C. Rea, Wm. C. Cook, and Joseph A. Drexler, members of police com- 
 mittee ; Jacob H. Miller, Thos. M. Marshall, A. L. Pearson, and Thos. 
 M. Bayne, and many others. Reasons : Long has always borne a 
 good character ; he has served on the police force with credit for sev- 
 eral years ; he has a wife and six children dependent 0:1 him for sup- 
 port ; his wife is at times deranged and unfit to take care of the family : 
 and all the facts justify the prisoners release. 
 
 3G. WILLIAM PHFLLIPS. Tioga county. Assault and Battery icitfi. 
 Intent to Commit a Rape. June 2, 1870. Five hundred dollars fine and 
 four years in Eastern Penitentiary. Pardoned May 3. Recommended 
 by Hon. R. G. White and Hon. G. W. Williams, president judges ; .J. 
 C. Strang, district attorney ; Henry Sherwood and M. F. Elliott, at- 
 torneys for the prosecutrix; John J. Mitchell, and a number of the 
 members of the bar ; all of the county olficers ; several jurors in the 
 case, and nearly three hundred citizens of Tioga count3 r . Reasons : 
 Phillips is quite a young man, and has always borne a good character ; 
 the circumstances justify Executive intervention. 
 
 ."7. GUY SMITH. Bradford county. Adultery. February 9, 1372. 
 Six mouths in count}' jail and two hundred and fifty dollars fine. 
 Pardoned May 4. Recommended by Hon. Ulysses Mercur, S. W. Al- 
 vord, J. P. Yan Fleet, Allen M'Kean, E. W. Hale and E. W. Kinney ; 
 also J. L. Woodburn, D. L. Kepple, J. A. Neigh, J. J. Swartz, M. S Le- 
 vers, Edward K. Salem and John N. Christian, seven of the jurors in 
 the case. Reasons : Smith was convicted upon the unsupported tes- 
 timony of the prosecutrix whose chastity is not above suspicion, and 
 who is strongly suspected of having been improperly influenced to 
 prosecute defendant ; he makes affidavit that he never was guilty of 
 the crime whereof he was convicted ; the petitioners firmly believe him 
 innocent, and the facts demand his liberation. 
 
 38. T. J. SPENCER. Warren county. Assault with Intent to Com- 
 mit a Rape. March 6, 1869. One hundred dollars fine, and four years 
 and six months in the Western Penitentiaiy. Pardoned May 4. Re- 
 commended by Hon. S. P. Johnson, president judge ; lions. S. S. Win- 
 nom and James Dennison, associate judges ; Hon. Harrison W. Allen, 
 Matilda Toby, the prosecutrix ; C. W. Stone, L. F. Palmer, Robert 
 Dennison, R. Brown, H. W. Jamison, Frank D. Reeves, G. W. Allen, 
 Welbert Allen, R. B. Smith and numerous citizens. Reasons : Spencer's 
 health has been broken down by his long confinement ; his sentence
 
 (!4 PARDON IIEPOIIT OF THE 
 
 was very severe ; having served over three 3 r ears the ends of justice 
 have been fully met. 
 
 :',9. JOHN GORE. Cambria county. Murder in the Second Degree. 
 December 15, 18G5. Fourteen j-ears and nine months in the Western 
 Penitentiary. Pardoned May 7. Recommended by Hon. D. J. Morrell, 
 Hubert W. Hunt, II. A. Boggs, Jacob Campbell, Cyrus Elder, Joseph 
 Parks, A. C. Mullen, W. K. Pypher, Cyrus S. Pershing, Wm. Orr, 
 John S. Khey, and all of the jury who convicted him. Reasons : 
 Gore had just returned from the army, and was under the influence of 
 liquor when he committed the crime, and under great provocation ; his 
 health has failed, and he will die in prison unless released ; the warden 
 and chaplain of the penitentiary certify to his good conduct, believe 
 him sincerely penitent, and recommend his pardon. Circumstances do 
 not justify longer incarceration. 
 
 40. HUGH MAURA, and JAMES DOUGHERTY. Philadelphia. Assault 
 and Battery with Intent to Kill. November 20, 1869. Each one thou- 
 sand dollars fine, and six 3'ears, eleven months and twenty-three days 
 in Eastern Penitentiary. Pardoned May 25, 1872, excepting as to tine 
 and costs. Recommended by James J. Brooks, prosecutor ; A. Buzby, 
 M. Elere, Geo. F. Kidd, Geo. Cryps, John H. Adamson, John Donald- 
 son, Chas. R. Doane, Henry Kippleand and Phineas Lewis, nine of 
 the jurors in the case ; A. Welch, W. N. Oakford, Jas. S. Carter, M. 
 Colm, D. H. Louderbach, Alfred Stimmel, W. W. Bell, II. Backroad, 
 Harvey O'Neill, J. W. Dyer, Wm. Trappe, Chas. Hill, J. F. Reddy, A. 
 H. Randall, John Scott, A. F. Young, J. R. Coxe, II. S. Jewell, W. II. 
 Ward, Harry P. Stein, Wm. II. Anderson, Chas. W. Carrin, W. C. P. 
 Coret, Jas. G. Wcldon, E. Lehman, E. Klaglin, Whitney & Son, J. M. 
 Smith & Son, Geo. J. Burkhardt, Ellis P. Moore & Co., Francis I). 
 Pastorias, W. II. Robins, F. Widmyer, Wra. Ward, J. Beck, Chas. 
 Woodward, E. L. K rider, Wm. W. Wallace, Henderson Young, Gay- 
 lord Harvey, Wm. S. Stover, S. A. J. M'Fall, Samuel Davies, E. 
 Jones Lester, Chas. F. Hoyt, Geo. W. Fitzwater, Chas. Fitzwater, Nel- 
 son Brown, Daniel F. Merely, Robert Smith, W. D. Smith, J. M. Ham- 
 mill, Robert Morris, Geo. C. Hammill, J. A. Longbridge, Hon. Robert 
 P. Dechert, Hon. D. A. Nagle, J. M'Colgan, Chas. T. Burns, George 
 Concannon, Chas. II. Dougherty, W. W. Dougherty, J. B. Delaney, 
 Chas. W. Wilcox, John Parsons, Hart, Wallace & Co., and others. 
 Reasons : It is represented that the conviction took place at a time of
 
 GOVERNOR OP PENNSYLVANIA. 05 
 
 great excitement and prejudice against the prisoners. The prosecutor, 
 Mr. Brooks, in his letter requesting the pardon, says : "Learning that 
 an effort is to be made to procure, from your Excellency, the pardon of 
 James Dougherty and Hugh Marra, convicted of an assault and battery 
 on my person, permit me to say I shall be gratified to learn that you 
 have extended to them the clemency of a pardon." It was further rep- 
 resented and strongly pressed, that, by the pardon of these persons, in- 
 formation would be obtained of sueh a character as would uncover and 
 bring to light numerous criminal offences against the revenue laws of 
 the United States, and felonies against the laws of this State, and 
 Avould greatly aid in the administration and furtherance of public jus- 
 tice. The punishment received by each is two years, six months and 
 five days, the payment of a fine of one thousand dollars each, and the 
 costs of suit. 
 
 41. HENRY PIFER. Westmoreland county. Assault and Battery. 
 February 10, 1872. Two hundred dollars fine and six months in coun- 
 ty prison. Pardoned June 1, excepting as to fine. Recommended by 
 Alexander Kilgore, sheriff; Geo. W. Frick, J. M. Laird, J. H. High- 
 berger, Wm. P/everter and Hugh Ryan, county commissioners ; Peter 
 Enset, H. P. Laird, H. Cop, Jonas Pifer, A. A. Stewart, W. H. Klin- 
 gensmith, J. D. Gill, J. J. Johnston, J. C. Snodgrass, Jas. S. Moor- 
 head, A. G. Marsh, W. Baughman, R. W. Singer, James A. Hunter, 
 Eli A. Fisher, H. Kettering, C. H. Herber, George Dorn, S. L. Carpen- 
 ter, I. W. Tarr, J. Gross, Hon. John Latta and C. F. Warden. 
 Reasons : Pifer has, previous to conviction, always borne a good 
 character, and this act was done under great provocation. The pe- 
 titioners are confident in the belief that he will hereafter remain a good 
 citizen ; the punishment already suffered is considered quite sufficient. 
 
 42. MARY CORNELL. Erie county. Burglary. May 28, 1870. 
 Three years in Western Penitentiary. Pardoned June 7, on recom- 
 mendation of the board of inspectors of the Western Penitentiary. T. 
 H. Nevin, president of the board, says : " The board of inspectors of 
 the Western Penitentiary have requested me to apply to you for the 
 pardon of Mary Cornell, from Erie county, Pa., sentenced May 28, * 
 1870, for three years. Her sentence by commutation will expire Jan- 
 uary 28, 1873. She is 29 years of age. Her conduct has been uniform- 
 ly good, we ask your clemency in her behalf because of her very feeble 
 health. She will hardly live many weeks longer. The Sisters of Mercy 
 
 5
 
 (>(> PARDON REPORT OP THB 
 
 in Pittsburg will take charge of her if released, and care for her while 
 she lives. I hope you will give this matter your immediate and favor- 
 able attention/' 
 
 43. JOHN DOUGHERTY. Philadelphia. Larceny and Carrying Con- 
 cealed Deadly Weapons. November 16, 1870. Four years in county 
 prison. Pardoned June 8. Recommended by John Wilson, prosecu- 
 tor; Isaac Clymer, Bernard Ginity, Win. Shuters, Wra. A. Lamb, 
 David Mercer, James W. Haig, John H. Reakert, Wm. Duberry, Lukins 
 Tomlinson, Wm. Stenger and George Noble, jurors in the case ; W. J. 
 Pollock, Thomas Barry, James Givin, Wm. Groynn, M. D., Robert P. 
 Dechert, Hons. Wm. S. Stokley and H. R. Kneass. Reasons : II. Yale 
 Smith, physician of the prison, certifies that " Dougherty is now in 
 phthisis pulmonaliS) and will not live in prison half his unexpired term, 
 and is confined to his bed and sinking fast." His conduct in prison 
 has been uniformly good, and all the circumstances justify his release. 
 
 44. HENRY DORAN. Fayette county. Murder in the Second Degree. 
 June 11, 1870. Seven years in Western Penitentiary. Pardoned June 
 8. Recommended by Hon. S. A. Gilmore, president judge ; Hons. 
 Alex. Cron and 11. M'Cormick, associate judges ; J. M. Ogleon, dis- 
 trict attorney ; J. K. M'Donald, prothonotary ; D. Kaine, and over two 
 hundred other citizens. Reasons : There was no intention on the 
 part of Doran to commit a homicide ; there was no ill-will between him 
 and Lowe, the person killed ; [Lowe began the fight Doran knocked 
 him down with his fist, and Lowe died in about an hour ;] no weapon 
 was used and the killing was accidental. Dr. John Boyd has certified 
 that the health of the prisoner is in a critical condition, he having 
 treated him for pleuritus, and then for phlegmonious erysipelas, com- 
 plicated with other diseases. He is a young man, industrious and 
 
 peaceful, and his release would be an act of justice and humanity. 
 
 45. CAROLINE BUPP. Perry county. Larceny. August 10, 1871. 
 Two years in Eastern Penitentiary. Pardoned June 12. Recom- 
 mended by Mrs. M. A. Bassett, prosecutrix ; J. H. Graham, president 
 
 judge; B. P. M'Intyre, district attorney ; T. J. Sheibley, J. J. Spone- 
 
 'berger, D. Mickey, D. M. Rinesmitte, J. A. Magee, Hon. B. F. Junkiti, 
 Geo. F. M'Farland, J. W. Albright, J. L. Gantt, G. W. Zinn, Phil. 
 
 JJosserman, Charles F. M'Junkin, J. Rinehart, J. R. D unbar, Jno. L. 
 
 ' Singer, R. L. Armstrong and many other citizens of Perry and Dau- 
 phin counties. * Reasons : She has a family of six children, and upon 
 her devolves the burden of their maintenance ; three of the children
 
 GOVERNOR OP PENNSYLVANIA. 07 
 
 are too young to do anything towards their support, and one of them 
 is an invalid; the sentence was very severe, and the ends of justice 
 have been attained in the imprisonment already suffered. 
 
 46. MICHAEL DOEBLER. Lancaster county, llobbsry. January 17, 
 1872. Five hundred dollars fine and four years and nine months in 
 county prison. Pardoned June 13. Recommended by Frederick 
 Myers, sheriff; D. P. Rosenmiller, Jr., district attorney; John \\. 
 Mertzer, prison keeper, and the entire board of prison inspectors ; J. 
 B. Amwake, D. W. Patterson, John P. Rea, Samuel II. Reynolds, II. 
 B. Swarr, R. H. Long, W. W. Hopkins, Win. Aug. Atlec, Chas. Pen- 
 nes, O. J. Dickey, Emlen Franklin, P. D. Baker, and fourteen other 
 members of the Lancaster bar ; J. Kahler Snyder, Elwood Greist, A. 
 S. Henderson, G. W. Krene, J. L. Kaufman, C. L. Hunsecker, P. B. 
 Fortney, and many other citizens. Reasons : The facts elicited on the 
 trial of Doebler scarcely justified a conviction and were not aggravated ; 
 the only testimony was that of the prosecutor, who was very drunk at 
 the time of the alleged act ; the entire jury have joined in the petition 
 for pardon, stating that the facts were those of a drunken frolic and 
 by no means justified the severe sentence imposed ; the prisoner's 
 character was always good and he has been sufficiently punished. 
 
 47. SAMUEL SAGE, WILLIAM SANKEY AND ISAIAII BELL, Lawrence 
 county. Burglary. May 18, 1872. Each twenty dollars fine and six 
 months in county prison. Pardoned June 15 Recommended by II. 
 W. Boyles, the prosecutor; Hon. Thos. Pomeroy, associate judge; 
 J. Davis, sheriff; S. K. M'Ginnis, prothonotary ; Isaac Murdick, Jr., 
 county treasurer ; John W. Wallace, D. Craig, Sylvester Gaston, W. 
 X. Aiken, S. W. Danna, C. M. Phillips, J. M'Michael, Rev. D. X. 
 Junkin, A. P. Moore, W. C. Harbison, J. M. Lawrence, J. F. Johnson. 
 John Young, John R. Pattison, John N. Enery, J. B. Hardaker, D. S. 
 Clark, Hugh Flinn, John Mitchell, G. W. M'Cracken, Thomas Henry. 
 W. P. Morrison, John M'Kinley, J. H. Gilliland, John Bower, and 
 about four hundred others. Reasons: Two of the defendants are 
 young men yet in their minority; they have hitherto borne irre- 
 proachable characters ; one of them is the only support of an aged and 
 infirm mother, a lunatic aunt and an orphan nephew ; the offence was 
 committed whilst they were under the influence of intoxicating liquors, 
 and no serious damage was done to the proprietor of the store enteredj 
 
 48. STEPHEN BONFIELD. Philadelphia. Assault and Battery with 
 Intent to Ravish. October 1, 1870. Five years in Eastern Pcnitei
 
 CS P^KDJN BEPOKT OP THE 
 
 tiary. Pardoned June 27. Recommended by lions. Robt. P. Dechert, 
 K. W. Davis, D. A. Nagle and Chas. A. Porter, members of the Legis- 
 lature from Philadelphia; R. C. Tittermay, Alex. M'Cuen, Jas. Given, 
 Jno. F. Sharkey, Francis P. Haggerty, Geo. C. Barton, T. A. M'Devitt, 
 Henry C. Hawkins, James T. Ford, W. II. Gilpin, James W. Latta, T. 
 A. M'Clelland, Joseph F. Stockdale, John F. Glenn, John C. Lees, II. 
 Hunter, James L. Clifford, and others. Reasons : Affidavits filed, state 
 that the prosecutrix was a common prostitute, addicted to habits of in- 
 toxication, and a frequenter of the lowest haunts in said city ; the de- 
 fendant was tried on the woman's evidence alone, and if her character 
 had been proven on the trial, he would have been convicted of assault 
 and battery only; none of the facts in the case justify a further con- 
 tinuance of punishment. 
 
 49. ISAAC MORRISON. Clearfield county. Harder in the Second 
 Degree. January 16, 1869. Seven years and six months in Western 
 Penitentiary. Pardoned Juty 2. Recommended by Hon. C. A. Mayer, 
 president judge ; Wm. C. M'Cullough, district .attorney ; H. B. Swope, 
 John Lawshe, Justin J. Pie, A. C. Tate, George M. Brisbin, C. Howe, 
 J. B. Walters, G. Ashman, Millar M. M'Xeil, R. A. Miller, Philip 
 Brown, D. Caldwell, C. A. Willoughby, and many others. Reasons : 
 Morrison has hitherto borne an irreproachable character ; that the blow 
 was struck in a moment of fear and without the slightest intention to 
 kill or do great bodily harm ; he has a wife and six children in extreme; 
 poverty ; having served out more than half his sentence he has been 
 sufficiently punished ; he is predisposed to pulmonary consumption 
 and cannot live much longer in prison ; the prison physician, D. N. 
 Ranldn, certifies that he has several times been under treatment for 
 hemorrhage of the lungs. 
 
 50. JOHN PRICE. Mifflin county. Larceny and Entering a Shop 
 with Intent to Commit a Felony. August 27, 1870, Six years and six 
 months in Eastern Penitientiarj^. Pardoned July 3. Recommended 
 by Hon. Samuel S. Woods, president judge; Hons. Wm. Ross and A. 
 Troxell, associate judges; J. S. Rakerd, district attorney; Elias 
 Rheam, A. P. Mitchell, S. B. M'Arte, W. E. M'Dowell, D. F. Milliken, 
 Isaac Strode, James Foust, John Calwell, J. P. Taylor, Wm. Wilson, 
 L. A. Pollock and Charles Bratton, jurors ; James Burns, G. W. 
 Woods, R. W. Patton, J. Irwin Wallace, W. Johnson, J. S. Houtz, 
 0. 0. M'Lean, W. Irwin, and many others. Reasons: Rice was con-
 
 GTTERXOR OF PENNSYLVANIA. GO 
 
 victed solely upon the evidence of a woman of notoriously bad char- 
 acter, who, upon the testimony, wag as guilty as himself; the punish- 
 ment already undergone is sufficient, even if he was guilty ; his health 
 is suffering from confinement ; the prison physician of the Western 
 Penitentiary, to which he has since been transferred, certifies that he 
 has required occasional treatment for palpitation of the heart ; all the 
 facts demand his release. 
 
 51. EDWIN KNIPE. Montgomery county. Adultery. March 1, 
 1872. Six months in county prison. Pardoned July 11. Recom- 
 mended by Hon. H. C. Hoover, associate judge ; H. M. Branner, dis- 
 trict attorney ; Rev. A. G. Werstner, C. H. Stinson, Henry Livezev, 
 Joseph Ruch, David Jamison, Alexander Schall, Henry Acker, Jared 
 Evans, Edw. Schall, Thomas C. Rambo, A. W. Corson, Jr., John R. 
 Breitenbach, B. M. Boyer, H. L. Drake, II. T. Slemmer, Jr., Samuel M. 
 Markley, and fifty others. Reasons : Kuipe is a young man, has a 
 wife and interesting family prostrated by his misfortune ; he was con- 
 victed mainly on the evidence of Annie Long, the prosecutrix, a girl 
 of exceedingly bad repute ; the petitioners believe that conviction on 
 her evidence is unsafe and improper ; he has served the greater part 
 of his sentence and the ends of justice have been fully attained. 
 
 52. HENIIY WARD. Wyoming county. Manslaughter. February 
 2, 1872. Tliree hundred dollars fine and nine months in county prison. 
 Pardoned July 15. Recommended by Hon. Charles R. Buckalew, II. 
 Comstock, sheriff; E. J. Keeney, prothonotary ; S. II. Sickles, register 
 and recorder; G. M. Harding, president judge, Luzerne county ; L. D. 
 Shoemaker, Wrn. Lilly, V. E. Piolett, John C. Bullitt, Geo. W. Wood- 
 ward, A. Lathrop, Asa Packer, M. C. Mercur, W. W. Ketchum, Edwin 
 S. Osborne, Hendrick B. Wright, Stanley Woodward, Henry M. Hoyt, 
 E. P. Darling, T. A. Miller, R. P. Ross, E. S. Handrick, N. M'Devitt, 
 II. Sherman, Cyrus Stark, P. M. Osterhout, F. C. Ross, C. P. Miller, 
 1). D. DeWitt, S. Stark, James Kelly, P. C. Burnett, C. D. Gearhart, 
 .1. C. Wright, Thos. B. Wall, James N. Pratt, Frank II. Pratt, A. Day, 
 and many other citizens. Reasons : The unfortunate occurrence 
 which led to Ward's conviction was at a time when both he and Shaler, 
 the deceased, were intoxicated. The relations between them had always 
 been friendly. The shooting was purely accidental and without any 
 malice, as stated by Shaler to his physician, Dr. Sayre. Affidavits of 
 J. F. Rothrock, Edward R. Mayer and John V. Smith, physicians,
 
 70 PABEOX EEPOET OF THE 
 
 slate that the prisoner is suffering from severe nervous prostration and 
 partial paralysis, and his mental condition is such from his excitable 
 nervous organization that unless released he will be a mental and physi- 
 cal wreck, paralyzed and insane for life. 
 
 53. FRANK STAPLKFORD. Lancaster county. Robbery. January 
 ] 7, 1872. Four years and nine months in county prison, and live hun- 
 dred dollars fine. Pardoned July 2G. Recommended by D. P. Rosen- 
 miller, Jr., district attorney ; H. W. Gray bill, Jacob B. Stehman, Henry 
 Eckert, Lewis J. Kirk, Henry C. Herr, Henry Atnmons, Jacob A. 
 Ruck, John B. Knox, Alvin King, A. P. M'llvain, John M. Hershey 
 and John A. Stonier, all of the jurors in the case; Ezra Reist, Chris- 
 tian Gast, C. II. Landis, Lewis Specher, Jacob S. Witmer and II. S. 
 Musser, prison inspectors ; John B. Warfel, D. W. Patterson, John M. 
 Amweg, Philip I). Barker, II. C. Brubaker, Charles Dennes, Benjamin 
 F. Baer, II. B. Swar, Samuel II. Price, B. P. Eshelmau, A. R. Barr, 
 Samuel A. Groll', Samuel Musselman, W. S. Shirk, Samuel Hess, Geo. 
 F. Miller, Martin Stanton, and many others. Reasons : The prosecu- 
 tor in the case was intoxicated during the evening the alleged crime 
 was committed, and on the following morning could give no satisfac- 
 tory account of his loss. It is believed that the evidence produced at 
 the trial was not sufficient to justify a conviction. The defendant is 
 yet in his minority; he has previously borne 'a good character; hi.s 
 conduct in prison has been uniformly good ; he has a widowed mother 
 dependent upon him for support ; and no good can result from his 
 further confinement. 
 
 54. ANDREAS MILLER. Allegheny county. Larceny. June 29, 1872. 
 One hundred dollars fine and six months in county work-house. Par- 
 doned August 10. Recommended by Hon. Edwin II. Stowe, associate 
 law judge; lion. James P. Sterrett, president judge; II. S. Baurn, P. 
 P. Piedmont, J. C. Hill, James Towell, John R. Baurn, D. II. Kuhn, 
 Edward Duff, Richard Thompson, George Reichard, Harry White, 
 Joseph Irwin, John N. Berlin, John I. Marchaud, Wm. M. M'Cotnbs, 
 R. D. Beattj*, Alex. Bates, A. II. Gross, Albert Laufman, W. Lowery, 
 Thomas J. Black, Thomas M. Bayne, and many others. Reasons : 
 Miller has hitherto borne a good character ; the jur} r recommended him 
 to the mercy of the court ; the petitioners believe him innocent of any 
 intentional wrong; and he has a wife and family dependant upon him 
 for suppoit. Hon. Edwin II. Stowe, associate law judge, states that
 
 GOVERNOR OF PENNSYLVANIA. 71 
 
 if he had been on the jury he should not have convicted him, but did 
 not feel there was sufficient cause to grant a new trial, and since the 
 trial he has become fully satisfied that the sentence imposed by him 
 was unduly severe, and should be remedied, and in view of all the 
 facts in the case recommends a pardon. 
 
 55. JAS. S. BIRMINGHAM, ANDREW J. WIIILTON, THOMAS II. GREAVY, 
 THOMAS F. BLAKE, PATRICK CONLIN, DANIEL M'MULLIX, WILLIAM 
 MANX, D. BUSHONO, DAVID BEAUCHAMP, HENRY CROOK, THOMAS 
 HACKETT, JACOB WOLF, Louis PLANK, PATRICK DUGAN, JOSEPH 
 SHEARER, TIMOTHY SHANNON, MICHAEL EUSTICE, ANDREW SPURLONG, 
 JAMES SLADEN, JOHN BRISSETT and MODESTA BERGERON. Lycoming 
 county. Pdotand Assault and Battery. September 14, 1872. Birming- 
 ham, Whilton, Greavy and Blake each one year in Eastern Peniten- 
 tiary. Conlin, M'Mullin, Maun, Bushong and Beauchamp, a fine of 
 one dollar. Crook, three months in county prison. Hackett, Wolf, 
 Plank and Dugan, two months in county prison. Shearer, ten days 
 in county prison. Shannon, thirty days in county prison. Eustice, 
 Spurlong and Sladen, twenty days in county prison. Brisett and Ber- 
 geron, mistaking the day forfeited their recognizances. Pardoned 
 September 16. Recommended by Hon. A. G. Olmstead, Joshua Wai- 
 bridge, A. Updegraff, A. J. Dietrick, S. G. Morrison, II. H. Martin 
 and about two thousand other citizens of Lycoming and adjoining 
 counties. Reasons : The defendants have heretofore been peaceable, 
 industrious and law-abiding citizens ; in this instance they were led 
 into error and breaches of the peace in the exercise of supposed rights 
 for redress of supposed grievances; they^have expressed great regret 
 iind repentance ; have already suffered much from confinement in prison 
 before trial ; most of them have wives and children dependant upon 
 them for support ; the laws have been fully vindicated, and no good 
 could be accomplished by their further punishment. The following 
 conditions accompanied the pardon : "It is hereby stipulated and de- 
 clared that this pardon is granted upon the express condition that if 
 any of the aforesaid persons, at any time during the several terms 
 for which they have been severally sentenced, shall engage in or incite 
 any riot, or aid in anything which by their assistance and counte- 
 nance may terminate in riot, then this pardon shall be null and void 
 and of no effect, and he or they so oflending shall be re-arrested, 
 and shall serve out, in the prison designated, the full term for which 
 he or thay have been sentenced, as herein before recited."
 
 72 PARDON REPORT OF THE 
 
 5G. CHRISTIAN BINK. Dauphin count}'. Larceny. September 3, 
 1872. Six months in county prison. Pardoned September 16. Recom- 
 mended by George Bergner, John E. Fox, John A. Smull, J. B. Boyd, 
 
 A. K. Black and W. TV. Jennings, prison inspectors ; Dr. Win. II. 
 Egle, prison pli3 T sician ; W. K. Verbeke, mayor of Harrisburg ; Geo. 
 
 B. Swartz,*Calvin Etter, Jos. F. Knipe, M. H. Lee, G. TV. P. Davis, 
 George W. Osier, and many others. Reasons : Bink is seventy 
 years of age ; his health is failing rapidly ; being of unsound mind, 
 his further imprisonment would deprive him entirely of reason, and 
 also endanger his life. 
 
 57. CHARLES T. YERKES, Jr. Philadelphia. Larceny and Em- 
 bezzlement. February 10, 1872. Five hundred dollars fine, and ten 
 years and nine months in the Eastern Penitentiary. Pardoned Sep- 
 tember 27. Recommended by lions. John F. Hartranft, R. TV. 
 Mackey, Leonard Myers, A. K. M'Clure, Thos. A. Scott, TVm. II. 
 Kemble, TV. W. Irwin, A. J. Drexell, Jos. M. Pile, John C. Bullett, 
 Samuel Dixon, one hundred and thirty-three members of the Philadel- 
 phia bar, thirty-four members of the select and common councils, and 
 many other citizens. Reasons : Yerkes has heretofore borne an irre- 
 proachable character as an honest and intelligent business man ; he 
 was in this instance convicted of a crime for an act done by his clerk 
 in the ordinary routine of duties, and without the knowledge, much 
 less any criminal intent on the part of the defendant; conviction was 
 had at a period of unusual excitement in the public mind; the jury 
 re'commended him to the mercy of the court ; two of the five judges 
 composing the court dissented from the opinion of the majority, on 
 the grounds that the crime of larceny had not been committed by the 
 defendant, and that he had not been convicted according to law. The 
 members of the bar petition for his release on the grounds of doubt 
 as to whether he was guilty of any legal offence ; and a due regard for 
 the financial interests and prosperity of the city and other creditors 
 calls for his release. The following conditions accompany the pardon : 
 "It is hereby stipulated and distinctly understood that this pardon is 
 granted upon the express conditions that the same shall be utterly void 
 and of no effect if any mosey, fee, reward or compensation has been, 
 or shall hereafter be paid to any person or persons for or by reason of 
 any service rendered or supposed to be rendered in procuring this par- 
 don, or for or by reason of any cause, matter or thing, touching or
 
 GOVERNOR OP PENNSYLVANIA. 73 
 
 concerning the same ; and it is expressly declared and understood 
 that the acceptance hereof by the said Charles Yerkes, Jr., shall be held 
 and regarded as an adoption by him of this condition." 
 
 58. JOSEPH MARCER. Philadelphia. Conspiracy and Embezzlement. 
 February 10, 1872. Three hundred thousand dollars fine and four years 
 and nine months in Eastern Penitentiary. Pardoned September 27. 
 Recommended by Hons. James R. Ludlow, Thos. K. Finletter and 
 James Lyndj associate law judges; Hon. Amos Briggs, judge of dis- 
 trict court ; Hon. W. S. Stokely, mayor ; Morton M 'Michael, editor 
 Xorth American and United States Gazette ; John W. Forney, editor 
 of the Press ; Charles E. Warburton, of the Evening Telegraph ; 
 Everett & Hinckens, of the Sunday Dispatch ; Dennis F. Dealy, of 
 the Evening Herald ; Thos. Fitzgerald & Co., of the Evening City 
 Item; J. W. C. Greene, of the Sunday Transcript ; William Mceser, 
 of the Sunday Mercury; J. M. Robb, of the Age ; James S. Chambers, 
 of the Day ; Lenore and Blakely, of the Evening Star ; John M. Car- 
 son, of the Post ; and Peacock and Fetherston, of the Evening Bul- 
 letin ; by numerous members of the bar of Philadelphia ; by all the 
 members of the select and common councils present at the meeting of 
 March 28, 1872; one thousand and eighty-seven of the city police ; 
 one hundred teachers of the city schools; Hon. Leonard Myers, W. 
 II. Kemble, L. Montgomery Bond, John Robbins, Egbert K. Nichols, 
 Thomas B. Scarborough, Robert L. Bodine, Robert II. Pattison, W. II. 
 Baker, E. J. Spangler, W. S. Fetter, Edwin Palmer, Richard F. M'- 
 Carter, Jr., Dr. L. D. Baldwin, Henry Budd, Simon W. Gorsler, John 
 B. Moffett, Andrew J. Know, J. Alexander Simpson, George II. 
 Mitchell, Rev. N. M. Price, Robert Betwell, J. Howard Wilson, Thos. 
 Cochran, W. W. Harding, Dr. H. Ernest Goodman, and over nineteen 
 hundred others. Reasons : No part of the moneys entrusted to the 
 defendant were appropriated by him to his own use ; he was the victim 
 of circumstances, "a vicious practice having existed for j 7 ears, which 
 rendered it possible for any city treasurer to fall as defendant did;" 
 the sentence is virtual imprisonment for life, and in conflict with the 
 spirit of the Constitution, which prohibits the infliction of cruel pun- 
 ishments ; his sufferings in mind, body and estate have been severe 
 and unusual, and from the imprisonment will probably result in in- 
 sanity. The following conditions accompany the pardon : "It is hereby 
 stipulated and distinctly understood that this pardon is granted upon
 
 74 PAIIDOX REPOliT OP THE 
 
 the express conditions, that the same shall be utterly void and if no 
 effect if any money, fee, reward or compensation has been or shall 
 hereafter be paid to any person or persons for or by reason of any ser- 
 vice, rendered or supposed to be hendered, in procuring this pardon, 
 or for or by any reason or cause, matter or thing, touching or con- 
 cerning the same ; and it is expressly declared or uaderstood that the 
 acceptance hereof by the said Joseph Marcer, shall be held and re- 
 garded as an adoption by him of this condition." 
 
 59. JOHN ZETDLER. Luzerne county. Selling Liquor on Sunday. 
 September 18, 1872. Ninety dollars fine and fifty days in county 
 prison. Pardoned September 27, but fine not remitted. Recommended 
 by Hon. L. 1). Shoemaker, W. W. Ketchum, Edwin S. Osborne, Alex. 
 Farnham, I. Abrahams, A. J. Lengfeld, Robert Coover, Wm. C. Yost, 
 H. Conrad, S. Franenthal, II. Wright, J. A. Merrick, P. DeLacey, II. 
 \Vinton, J. A. Scrantcn, Frank D. Collins, Edward P. Kingsbury, 
 Wm. P. Carling, E. L. Merriman, and many others. Reasons : Zeidler 
 is a German, and kept a beer garden where families of his nationality 
 were wont to assemble on Sunday, as is the custom in their fatherland, 
 and being imperfectly acquainted with our laws, the defendant com- 
 mitted the act for which he was convicted ; and the pardon was ac- 
 cepted on the following conditions : " It is stipulated and declared 
 that this pardon is granted upon this condition, that if said Zeidler 
 should be guilty of a repetition of the offence whereof he was con- 
 victed, that this pardon to be null and void, and he is to be subject to 
 re-arrest and to imprisonment for the full term of his sentence." 
 
 GO. PATRICK M'GJNLEY. Montgomery county. Assault and Mattery. 
 August 24, 1872. Six months in county prison. Pardoned October 
 W 2. Recommended by lion. John F. Hartranft, John W. Hullinger, 
 Owen Cahill, Michael M'Dermott, John Heenan, J. Leedom, Charles 
 P. Jordan, Charles Bradley, Edward M'Gaughey, Patrick Bradley, 
 John Welsh, Edward Baxter, Daniel Wiley, Thomas M'Kibbin, P. D. 
 Miles, Jno. H. Coulston, Daniel B. Yost, James M'Cormick, Hugh 
 M'Lain, Michael Sheny, S. B. Helfenstein, Patrick O'Neill, John J. 
 Norton, Stephen Mullen, John Gilmore, Samuel S. Townsend, and 
 many others. Reasons : The evidence was insufficient ; the identifica- 
 tion of the defendant was incomplete, and there should have been no 
 conviction ; the offence was committed daring the existence of a strike 
 among and by the iron workers of the town, when there was consider- 
 able excitement ; he is of good reputation for peace and quietness ; is
 
 GOVERNOR OP PENNSYLVANIA. 75 
 
 the only support of an aged mother, a one-armed brother and two sis- 
 ters ; and it would subserve no good purpose to keep him longer in 
 confinement. 
 
 61. PATRICK BROWN. Schuylkill count}'. Murder. September 19, 
 1870. Four years in Eastern Penitentiary. Pardoned October 2. 
 Recommended " by Hon. James Ryan, president judge; Charles D. 
 Hippie, district attorney ; Lin Bartholomew, prosecutor ; nine of the 
 jury in the case; Wm. J. Matz, Chas. F. Rahn, J. M. Glick, James 
 Glenn, D. E. Nice, A. J. Huntzinger, A. P. Carr, M. D., Ephraim 
 Philips, Clement S. Foster, Jas. J. Conner, Henry A. Moodie, J. II. 
 Hoover, Q. H. Helfrich, Richard Kuhn, and many others. Reasons : 
 The evidence against Brown was only inferential, and if he had been 
 alone upon his trial it would not have justified a conviction ; the fact 
 of his trial, conjointly with others, against whom the testimony was 
 direct and strong, had a tendency to bias the minds of the jury ; his 
 character for peace and sobriety has been always uniformly good ; 
 owing to his delicate health the sentence is equal to imprisonment for 
 life ; he has a wife and four children dependent upon him for support ; 
 and, in consideration of all the facts, it would be injustice to continue 
 his imprisonment. 
 
 62. FRANK ARMSTRONG. Philadelphia. Larceny. July 12, 1872. 
 Six months in county prison. Pardoned October 7. Recommended 
 by Hon. Thos. K. Finletter, associate law judge; Christian Knears, 
 John P. Wetherill, James L. Claghorn, R. J. Houston, Joseph R. 
 Chandler, and by the following citizens of Lancaster county : John 
 W. Johnson, Wm. M. Slaymaker, G. W. Keene, S. L. Kauffman, W. 
 A. Wilson, M. Brosius, Thos. B. Cochrane, A. S. Henderson, Jno. K, 
 Reed, N. E. Slaymaker, Philip D. Barker, W. D. Stauffer and Ellwood 
 Griest. Reasons: Armstrong is believed to be entirely innocent of 
 any guilty intent ; the crime was committed when he was supposed to 
 be laboring under a mental alienation ; his relatives and friends knew 
 nothing of the offence until after his conviction ; he is quite an aged 
 man ; lie has heretofore maintained a respectable standing in societ3 T ; 
 his conduct in prison has been good, and the ends of justice do not 
 require the fulfilment of his sentence. 
 
 63. A. F. BUTZBACII. Luzerne county. Keeping a Disorderly 
 House. September 19, 1872. Two hundred dollars fine and three 
 months in county prison. Pardoned October 15. Recommended by
 
 70 PAEDON REPOKT OF THE 
 
 lion. Garrick M. Harding, president judge ; Hon. E. L. Dana, asso- 
 ciate law judge; lions. L. D. Shoemaker and John Richard ; Hon Ira 
 M. Kirkendale, ma3 r or of Wilkesbarre ; W. W. Ketchum, Hendrick B. 
 Wight, Henry M. Hoyt, II. W. Palmer, E. P. Darling, G. W. Kirken- 
 dale, Chas. A. Miner, M. J.'Phiebin, G. M. Miller, C. B. Snyder, and 
 many others. Reasons: Butzbach keeps a Beer garden, where a 
 large number of respectable German citizens were in the habit of go- 
 ing, with their families, to seek recreation and enjoyment, after the 
 manner of their people ; the said garden has been kept in as quiet and 
 orderly a manner as any in the country ; the playing upon musical 
 instruments was the chief cause of complaint, and has not heretofore 
 been considered a nuisance in the community ; the garden has been 
 kept by the defendant in the same manner for five years and was never 
 complained of before; the ends of justice will be better subserved by 
 relieving him from imprisonment. 
 
 G4. JOHN GRIMM. Allegheny county. Murder. October 23, 18G9. 
 Six years in Western Penitentiary. Pardoned October 15. Recom- 
 mended by Hon. Thomas Mellon, the judge who tried the case; Hon. 
 John M. Kirkpatrick, associate law judge; A. L. Pearson, district 
 attorney; Thomas M. Marshall, prosecutor's attorney; E. S. Wright, 
 warden Western Penitentiary ; W. C. Moreland, Miles S. Humphreys, 
 Jas. S. Negley, Jared M. Brush, Wm. Phillips, C. Barnes, W. JS T . 
 Oliver, James Dougherty, S. B. Neely, B. F. Lloyd, Wm. F. Davis, 
 Samuel Bridge, Jr., and many others. Reasons: Grimm has always 
 sustained a good character ; the offence was committed in self-defence ; 
 he served his country honorably and faithfully during the war ; he 
 has aged parents dependent upon him for support ; having served out 
 half his sentence the law has been fully vindicated and justice satis- 
 fied. 
 
 65. SEBASTIAN SEARLES. Union county. Larceny. February 21, 
 1872. Fifteen months in Eastern Penitentiar}'. Pardoned October 1 (5. 
 Recommended by Hon. J. C. Bucker, president judge ; lions. Jacob 
 Hummel and Cyrus Hoffa, associate judges ; J. T. Baker, Wm. II. 
 Marr, Wm. Jones, EH Slifer, A. II. Diel, Alfred Hayes, Jonathan Wolfe. 
 T. Worrill Lynn, and many others. Reasons : On the night of Febru- 
 ary 12, 1872, two men, Wm. Hann and Wm. Richey, committed larceny 
 in Lewisburg, and, on leaving town, fell in with Searles, who proceeded 
 with them until arrested; there was no evidence that he had offered
 
 GOVERNOR OF PENNSYLVANIA. 77 
 
 any of the stolen goods for sale ; and the punishment he has alread}' 
 suffered fully answers the end of justice. 
 
 66. JAMES MEREDITH and JOHN RICH, (both colored.) Philadel- 
 phia. Bobbery. December 22, 1869. Each five hundred dollars fine 
 and four years and ten months in the Eastern Penitentiary. Pardoned 
 October 17. Recommended by J. Gillingham Fell, for the reasons that 
 the imprisonment already suffered is sufficient punishment for the 
 offence ; they are mere boys ; that John Rich is feeble-minded, and is 
 now in the hospital with his health much impaired ; their parents are 
 respectable people ; their conduct in prison has been exemplary, and 
 no good can result in their further punishment. 
 
 67. JOHN BARLOW. Luzerne. June 1, 1872. Fraudulently Uttering 
 and Publishing a Written Instrument to the Prejudice of Another. 
 Fine of two hundred dollars and three years in Eastern Penitentiary. 
 Pardoned November 4. Recommended by W. F. Halstead, the prosecu- 
 tor ; W. G. Ward, recorder of the mayor's court ; and Cornelius Ward 
 and Matthias Gehen, assistant recorders ; A. B. Stevens, marshal of 
 the city of Scranton ; J. A. Scranton, editor of the Scranton Repub- 
 lican ; W. W. Ketchum, Geo. Coray, J. II. 'Campbell, D. W. Con- 
 nolly, M. J. Wilson, W. H. Gearhart, D. W. Rank, E. B. Sturges, C. 
 Smith, Geo. S. Horn, A. Chamberlain, Geo. D. Butler, F. D. Collins, 
 A. S. Hottenstein, M. W. Loftus, Thos. Dickson, John Raymond, John 
 Holgate, and many others. Reasons : Barlow has made full reparation 
 for the injury done, and paid the fine and costs of prosecution; his 
 wife is a lunatic ; he has hitherto sustained a good reputation for hon- 
 esty and integrity, and no good can be accomplished by his further 
 punishment. It is stipulated in his pardon that the same shall be ut- 
 terly void and of no effect if any money, fee, reward or compensation 
 has been or shall hereafter be paid to any person or persons for or by 
 reason of any service rendered or supposed to be rendered in procuring 
 this pardon, or for or by reason of any cause, matter or thing touching 
 or concerning the same ; and it is expressly declared and understood 
 that the acceptance hereof by the said John Barlow shall be held and 
 regarded as an adoption by him of this condition. 
 
 68. JOHN PARKS. Chester, October 29, 1872. Disturbing a Eeli- 
 \lious Meeting. Twenty dollars fine and two months in county prison. 
 Pardoned November 8. Recommended by all the members of the jury 
 that convicted him ; Hon. Wm. Townsend, M. C.; Davis Gill, sheriff'; 
 Geo. F. Smith, district attorney ; Thos. Y. Cooper, P. F. Smith, T. T.
 
 78 PARDON 31KPORT OF THE 
 
 Smith, Jas. E. M'Farland, Dr. D. W. Hutcliinson, Wm. B. Waddell, 
 Rees Davis, J. Smith Futhej', Geo. M. Rupert, and numerous citizens. 
 Reasons : Parke is a hard working industrious man, and has a wife 
 and eight children depending upon him for support ; he is what is 
 termed a u Loom Boss," and has charge of all the looms in the 
 Beaver Woolen Mills, and by reason of his imprisonment the opera- 
 tives of the factory are much impeded and may be thrown out of em- 
 ployment ; Parke is a man very much respected and was unfortunate 
 in getting into company of others who were really the guilty parties ; 
 there being no danger of a like occurrence on his part, the punishment 
 already inflicted is considered sufficient. 
 
 69. WILLIAM JONES. Philadelphia, May 23, 1872. Assault and 
 Battery. Nine months in county prison. Pardoned November 1-1. 
 Recommended by Charles Harris, J. B. Ascough, Matthew Corcoran, 
 J. H. Pauling, H. S. Cassel, A. C. Gill, B. K. Widler, John Chambers, 
 Wm. Watson, Chas. Godfrey and Thomas Armstrong, eleven of the 
 jurors who tried the case; R. W. Warner, Richard Ellis, John C. 
 Nipps, H. C. Dunlap, John Dumbells, Wm. J. Scott, II. W. Coupland, 
 Geo. S. Mellor, Frank Guynn, Jno. C. Thompson, W. Wilson, Chas. 
 W. Ridgway, W. F. English, J. H. Kennedy, and many other citizens. 
 Reasons : Jones has a wife and family entirely dependent upon him 
 for support, and whose condition is most pitiable ; having been ill, his 
 physical condition demands his release ; he has hitherto borne a good 
 character ; his conduct in prison has been uniformly good, and all the 
 circumstances of the case call for his release. 
 
 DEATH WARRANTS. 
 
 1. GEORGE GRANT. Sentenced January 31, 1872, by the court of 
 oyer and terminer of Chester county, for the murder of Amanda R. 
 Spence. Warrant issued September 11. Executed at West Chester, 
 November 13, 1872. 
 
 2. MICHAEL MOORE. Sentenced September 4, 1872, by the court of 
 oyer and terminer of Cambria county, for the murder of Anna E. 
 Moore. Warrant issued October 11. Executed at Ebensburg, Novem- 
 ber 27, 1872.
 
 G3VERXOR OP PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 TABULAR STATEMENT of the number of pardons, (with yearly average,) 
 and death warrants, issued from the year 1791 to 1872, inclusive, 
 with the names of the Governors by lohom they were issued, the popu- 
 lation of the State at the time, and the approximate number of in- 
 habitants to each pardon. 
 
 
 ^ 
 
 TJ 
 
 M 
 
 ~ ^ 
 
 O 
 
 . > 
 
 
 
 o 
 
 <"*" O 
 
 ^ ?' 
 
 33 a 
 
 eo 
 
 ^ """ "^ 
 
 
 
 
 ~ts 
 
 
 o y 
 
 
 
 
 
 o_ 
 
 o z 
 
 '- o 
 
 2. ~ 
 
 g; 
 
 S-- 
 
 
 YBA.RS,! NCLUSIVK. 
 
 (4 
 
 ? '- 
 
 OTJ 
 
 ~-< 
 
 > 
 
 'p s p 
 
 BY WHOM ISSUED. 
 
 
 a 
 
 si 
 
 a 
 
 o 
 
 3,3 
 
 s, 
 
 O O M 
 
 
 
 CG 
 
 
 
 
 O ' 
 
 3" 
 
 ^3 ^j C 
 
 
 
 
 2. 
 
 3 
 in 
 
 ? 
 
 . 
 
 T ^ 
 
 
 From 1791 to 1799.. 
 
 9 
 
 434, 373 
 
 1,188 
 
 132 
 
 10 
 
 3,300 
 
 Thomas Mifiiin. 
 
 1800 to 1808.. 
 
 9 
 
 602, 365 
 
 1,909 
 
 212 
 
 10 
 
 3,000 
 
 Thomas M'Keau. 
 
 ' 1S09 to 1817.. 
 
 9 
 
 810,091 
 
 1,555 
 
 172 
 
 6 
 
 4,700 
 
 Simon Snyder. 
 
 ' 1818 to 1820.. 
 
 3 
 
 950, 000 
 
 1,304 
 
 431 
 
 6 
 
 2, 200 
 
 William bindlay. 
 
 1821 to 1823.. 
 
 3 
 
 1,047,507 
 
 787 
 
 263 
 
 4 
 
 4,000 
 
 Joseph Heister. 
 
 1824 to 1829.. 
 
 6 
 
 1,200,000 
 
 821 
 
 136 
 
 7 
 
 9, 000 
 
 John A. Shultz. 
 
 1830 to 1835.. 
 
 6 
 
 1,348,233 
 
 502 
 
 83 
 
 8 
 
 16, 100 
 
 George Wolf. 
 
 183S to 1838.. 
 
 3 
 
 1,520,000 
 
 481 
 
 160 
 
 6 
 
 10, 000 
 
 Joseph Ritner. 
 
 1839 to 1844.. 
 
 6 
 
 1,724,033 
 
 725 
 
 120 
 
 14 
 
 14,400 
 
 David R. Porter. 
 
 1845 to 1848.. 
 
 4 
 
 2, 000, 000 
 
 327 
 
 8L 
 
 11 
 
 24, 700 
 
 Francis R. Shunk. 
 
 1849 to 1851.. 
 
 3 
 
 2,311,786 
 
 378 
 
 126 
 
 6 
 
 19, 500 
 
 Wm. F. Johnston. 
 
 1852 to 1854.. 
 
 3 
 
 2, 500, 000 
 
 326 
 
 108 
 
 11 
 
 23, 100 
 
 William Bigler. 
 
 1855 to 1857.. 
 
 3 
 
 2, 700, 000 
 
 161 
 
 53 
 
 8 
 
 50, 900 
 
 James Pollock. 
 
 1858 to I860.. 
 
 3 
 
 2,906,215 
 
 216 
 
 72 
 
 12 
 
 43, 000 
 
 Wm. F. Packer. 
 
 1861 to 1866.. 
 
 6 
 
 3,100,000 
 
 763 
 
 127 
 
 18 
 
 24,400 
 
 Andrew G. Curtin. 
 
 1S67 to 1872.. 
 
 6 
 
 3, 650, 000 
 
 425 
 
 71 
 
 23 
 
 51,400 
 
 John W. Geary. 
 
 
 82 
 
 
 11,863 
 
 146 
 
 160 
 

 
 UC SOUTHERN REGIONAL LIBRARY FACILITY 
 
 A 000 605 221 1