GIFT OF Building Code of the City of Pasadena ORDINANCE No. 1312 An Ordinance of the City of Pasadena Regulating the Con- struction, Alteration, Repair, Moving and Demolition of Buildings and Structures, and the Use Thereof, Providing for the Issuing of Permits for the Same, Establishing Fire Limits and Providing for the Demolition of Buildings and Other Structures Dangerous to Life or Property. The Mayor and City Council of the City of Pasadena do ordain as follows : PART I. A REMEDIAL ORDINANCE. Section 1. THIS ORDINANCE TO BE KNOWN AND CITED AS How Cited THE "BUILDING CODE." This ordinance shall be known as the "Building Code" and may be cited as such and presumptively it pro- vides for all matters concerning, affecting or relating to the erection, construction, occupancy, alteration, repair, demolition or removal of buildings or structures or any part thereof, erected or which may be erected in the City of Pasadena. Section 2. BUILDING CODE, A REMEDIAL ORDINANCE. This Remedial ordinance is hereby declared to be remedial and is intended to secure Ordinance the beneficial interests and purposes thereof. PART II. PRELIMINARY PROVISIONS. Section 3. CONSTRUCTION AND ALTERATION OF BUILDINGS. Construction It shall be unlawful for any person, firm or corporation, as principal, and Alteration agent, officer, clerk or employee, for himself or itself, or for another person, firm or corporation, hereafter to erect, construct, alter, repair, raise, build upon, move, demolish, maintain or use, or to cause, permit or suffer to be erected, constructed, altered, repaired, raised, built upon, moved or demolished, maintained or used within the City of Pasadena any building or structure or part thereof, in a manner that shall violate my of the provisions of this Code. Section 4. UNSAFE OR DANGEROUS CONSTRUCTION. When- Unsafe and ^ver the Building Inspector shall find that any building or structure or Dangerous mrt thereof, heretofore or which may hereafter be erected, does not onform to the provisions and requirements of this Code or is danger- jus to persons or porperty or is unsafe for the purpose for which it is ised.or is in danger of fire from any defect in its construction, he shall lotify the owner, person in charge or occupant thereof in writing, spe- .ifying wherein such structure does not conform with the provisions xotice to owners ind requirements of this Code or wherein it is dangerous, unsafe, or or others lefective and requiring such owner, person in charge or occupant orthwith to remove, demolish or repair the same, or to make such alterations therein as may be necessary to make such structure con- 'orm to the provisions and requirements of this Code, and to render he same safe to life and property and specifying with reasonable cer- Make Safe ainty the work necessary to this end. 293047 ie owner^ person in charge or occupant of any such building, or Ir3"4if iic IhejeeX uppn whom notice has been served as herein ety* isftefll, wJttiin"*'6e < v^nty-two (72) hours after receiving said notice, or, in case an appeal is taken from the determination of the Building Inspector, according to Section 14 of this Code, then within Time Limit seventy-two (72) hours of notice of the decision of said Board of Ap- peal, commence to comply with the terms of the order contained in the notice provided for, or if by the said Board of Appeal modified, then with the terms of said order as so modified. Work to comply with the terms of any order given pursuant to this section shall be prosecuted diligently to completion and shall be completed within the time speci- fied in the order given by the said Building Inspector, or by said Board of Appeal if a time for completion be fixed in such order. Unlawful to It shall be unlawful for any person, firm or corporation to use or Use Building permit to be used any building or structure or part thereof, respecting which any work is ordered done as herein provided, before or during the time of performance of said work, unless permission in writing therefor is given by the Building Inspector. Destruction of Section 5. DESTRUCTION OF BUILDINGS IN CASE OF EMER- Buiidings GENCY. The Building Inspector shall have authority, if he finds any in Case of building or structure or part thereof in such condition as to endanger Emergency life, and the danger may be averted by the immediate application of precautionary measures, to cause such precautionary measures to bo taken and all work to be done necessary to render said building or structure or part thereof safe, or if necessary he may cause the demoli- tion of such building or structure or part thereof, after having given written notice to the owner, person in charge or occupant thereof, specifying the time when said work or demolition shall be commenced by him. At Cost of City rp ne Building Inspector shall cause all work done under authority of this section to be done at the expense of the City of Pasadena and the owner, person in charge or occupant of such building or structure or part thereof shall be liable for the cost of said work or of said de- molition, and upon failure to pay the amount of said cost to said Build- ing Inspector upon demand, the City Attorney shall institute and prose- cute an action against the owner, person in charge or occupant of said building or structure or part thereof in the name of the City of Pasa- dena for the recovery of such costs, together with costs of suit. Posting Notice The notice herein required to be given by the Building Inspector may, in case such Building Inspector, is, after diligent search and in- quiry, unable to find in the City of Pasadena any owner, person in charge or occupant of said building or structure or part thereof, be served by posting such notice in writing for six (6) hours immediately preceding the commencement of the work or demolition specified there- in, in a conspicuous place upon the premises upon which such building or structure or part thereof may be located, directed to the owner, per- son in charge or occupant of said premises, describing them, and such service shall have the same force and effect as a personal service of said notice. Repair of Damaged Section 6. REPAIR OF DAMAGED BUILDINGS. It shall be un- Buiidings lawful to repair any frame or wooden building or structure in Fire District No. 1, of the City of Pasadena, as the same is now or may here- after be established, that has been injured more than 40% of its orig- inal value by wear and tear or by action of the elements or by fire. Notice in Writing Whenever the City Council shall find that any such building or structure is injured more than 40-oo tion, as principal, agent, officer, clerk or employee, for himself or itself or for another person, firm or corporation to make any alteration or re- pair exceeding in cost the amount of $25.00 to the exterior wall or roof of any wooden or frame building in the City of Pasadena, and situated within the limits of the following described district: Beginning at a point which is the intersection of the center lines inner District of Colorado and Delacy Streets; thence north along the center line of Delacy Street to a point one hundred seventeen and ninety-three one- hundredths (117.93) feet north of the north line of Union Street; thence east to the east line of Masonic Court; thence north along the line of Masonic Court to the point of intersection with the south line of Holly Street produced west; thence east to the west line of the Santa Fe rightofway; thence south to a point one hundred seventy- three (173) feet north of the north line of Union Street; thence east to the center line of Marengo Avenue; thence south to a point one hun- drd twenty-eight (128) feet south of the south line of Colorado Street; thence west to the west line of the Santa Fe rightofway; thence south to the center line of Green Street; thence west to a point one hundred eight (108) feet west of the west line of Fair Oaks Avenue; thence north to a point one hundred (100) feet south of the south line of Colo- rado Street; thence west to the center line of Delacy Street; thence north to point of beginning. Section 8. The provisions of this Code shall apply to buildings Provisions DO existing at the time of the passage of this Code, only to such extent as Not Apply provided in this Section, except when specially mentioned in other sections. Alterations to existing buildings shall be made to comply with the Alterations to provisions of this Code as follows: Existing Buildings (a) Fire stops shall be put in in all parts of the structure exposed rire stops by remodeling. (b) All rooms in Class "B" and "C" buildings, when relathed shall Re-inthing be lathed and plastered in accordance with this Code. Structural Parts Elevator Shafts Etc. Light Courts New Skylights Cornices Repairs to Hotels Halls, Etc. Openings in Walls Chimneys and Vents Tents, Etc., in Districts 1 and 2 Power to Stop Work Entering JHiring Business Hours Not to Enter Provided, Etc. Inspection of Trenches Lathing Inspection (c) All material for structural parts shall be of the kind, size or strength required by the provisions of this Code. (d) All elevator shafts, dumb waiters and chutes, hereafter put in existing buildings shall conform to the provisions of this Code. (e) Where the height of existing buildings is increased, all exist- ing light courts shall be made to comply with the provisions of this Code. (f ) All new skylights on existing buildings, and all repairs when such repairs exceed 40% of the value of the old skylight shall be put in according to the provisions of this Code. (g) Cornices and appendages where rebuilt, shall be in ac- cordance with the provisions of this Code. (h) Any building containing a hotel, room used for church or pub- lic worship, school room, public music room, moving picture room, theater, or other place of instruction, or any room or hall used whplly or partially as a place for public assembly, when repaired or remodeled, shall be repaired or remodeled in accordance with the provisions of this Code. - (i) All windows, doors and other openings hereafter made in out- er, party or division walls in existing buildings, shall be made to con- form to the provisions of this Code. (j) All chimneys and vents when constructed and reconstructed shall be made to conform to the provisions of this Code. NOTE For most of the sections where special mention is made, see Sections 21, 22, 23, 24, 29, 30, 117, 150, 151, 152, 153, 156, 157, 160, 161, 162, 163, 168, 169, 174, 176, 177, 178, 180, 181, 193. Section 9. TENTS AND MOVABLE STRUCTURES. It shall be unlawful for any person, firm or corporation, as principal, agent, officer, clerk or employee, for himself or itself, or for another person, firm, or corporation, to erect, maintain or occupy any tent, canvas house or movable structure of any kind whatsoever in Fire Districts Nos. 1 and 2; except that this section shall apply to such tent or structure erected in Fire District No. 2 only when same is intended for and occupied as a dwelling. Tents may be erected in Fire District No. 1 for a period not exceeding ten (10) days, for the purpose of holding exhibitions, public speaking or other public gatherings, by first obtaining special permission from the Mayor and City Council so to do. Section 10. POWER OF BUILDING INSPECTOR TO STOP WORK. Whenever the Building Inspector shall find that any building is being constructed, altered, repaired, raised, built upon, moved, occupied, or demolished contrary to or in violation of the provisions of this Code, the said Building Inspector shall have power and is hereby authorized to order the construction, alteration, repair, raising, building upon, moving, occupation or demolition of such building or other structure to be stopped and to notify in writing any persons in any manner engaged in or causing any such work to be done, to forthwith desist therefrom; and it shall be unlawful for any person to continue or further prosecute, or to cause the continuance or further prosecution of any such work in any manner after service of such notice, unless a permit therefor shall be granted by the said Building Inspector. Section 11. INTERFERENCE WITH BUILDING INSPECTOR. It shall be unlawful for any person in any way to hinder or prevent the Building Inspector or any of his deputies, or any other duly authorized officer, from entering or inspecting, during business hours, any build- ing or other structure already erected or any building or other struc- ture in course of construction, alteration, repair, removal or demoli- tion; provided that such officers shall not be authorized to enter any dwelling house after the same is legally occupied without the consent of the occupant thereof. Section 12. NOTICE OF INSPECTION. Trenches All excava- tions made for purposes of construction shall be inspected by the Build- ing Inspector before any masonry work is started therein. Such in- spection shall be made within one working day of the time of notice to the Building Inspector that such excavation is ready for inspection. Lathing Inspection There shall be no lathing, ceiling or other interior covering of the studding or joist done on any building until said building is inspected and approved by the Building Inspector. Such inspection shall be made within one working day of the time of notice to the Building Inspector that such building is ready for inspection. Finish Inspection It shall be the duty of the Building Inspector Finish inspection after notification to make or cause to be made a final inspection and examination of all buildings or other structures, and 'if such buildings, additions or improvements thereto are found to have been erected and constructed in conformity to all the provisions and requirements of this ordinance said Building Inspector shall issue a certificate thereof certificate to the owner or person in charge. It shall be unlawful for any person, firm, or corporation to occupy Unlawful to any building or structure or addition thereto, until such certificate has occupy been issued. Temporary Permit to Occupy. The Building Inspector may issue a Temporary Permit permit to occupy, prior to his final certificate, allowing the use of a to Occupy portion or portions of any building, in cases where the portion or por- tions of said building so used have been erected and constructed in ac- cordance with all the requirements of this ordinance governing the erection and construction of such buildings. When such permit is so issued it shall be lawful to occupy premises according to the terms of the permit. Section 13. NOTICE AS TO HEATING APPARATUS. Before in- Not i ce as to stalling any hot water, steam, hot air or other heating appliances or Heating Apparatus furnaces, or restaurant or hotel ranges, in any building, the owner of such building, or the person installing the same, shall first give notice of the intention so to do to the Building Inspector. Section 14. BOARD OF APPEAL. The City Council shall consti- Board of Appeal tute a Board of Appeal for the determination of all matters left by this Code to the discretion of the Building Inspector when any person or persons affected by any ruling in such matter, may feel aggrieved there- by. Such appeal shall be taken by filing with the City Clerk a petition stating in concise terms the ruling appealed from and the grievance complained of. At the time of filing such petition the sum of Fifteen Dollars ($15.00) shall be deposited with the City Clerk and without such deposit the appeal shall have no effect. The City Clerk shall thereupon notify the Building Inspector of the appeal. After such peti- tion and deposit have been filed with the City Clerk the Council shall, at its next regular meeting, hear, and promptly determine all questions raised by said appeal. If the determination of the Council is wholly in support of the determination made by the Building Inspector, and ap- pealed from, the said deposit of Fifteen Dollars ($15.00) shall be for- feited and become the property of the City. If the determination of the Council is wholly in favor of the petitioner the deposit of Fifteen Dollars ($15.00) shall be returned to the petitioner. It the determina- tion of the Council is a compromise the deposit of Fifteen Dollars ($15.0)) shall be apportioned to the City and to the petitioner in such proportion as to the Council may appear equitable. The City Council may engage the services of experts to assist in the determination of such appeals. Section 15. FIRE DISTRICTS. The City of Pasadena is hereby divided into three (3) Fire Districts, to be known and designated as Fire District No. 1, Fire District No. 2, and Fire District No. 3, respec- tively. Fire District No. 1 shall include all that portion of the City of Fire District Pasadena bounded by the following described lines: No. 1 Beginning at a point which is the intersection of the center lines of Los Robles Avenue and Colorado Street; thence south along the center line of Los Robles Avenue two hundred and twenty-five (225) feet; thence west and parallel with Colorado Street to a point two hundred thirty (230) feet west of the center line of Euclid Avenue; thence south parallel with the center line of Euclid Avenue to a point three hundred thirty (330) feet south of the center line of Colorado Street; thence west parallel with the center line of Colorado Street to a point one hundred sixty-two and twenty-five one-hundredths (162.25) feet east of the center line of Marengo Avenue; thence south parallel with the center line of Marengo Avenue , to the center line of Green 5 Street; thence west along the center line of Green Street to the center line of Marengo Avenue; thence south along the center line of Ma- rengo Avenue to the center line of that portion of Green Street west of Marengo Avenue; thence west along the center line of that portion of Green Street west of Marengo Avenue to a point one hundred and sixty (160) feet east of the center line of Broadway; thence south and parallel with the center line of Marengo Avenue to the center line of Center Street; thence west along the center line of Center Street to the center line of Raymond Avenue; thence north along the center line of Raymond Avenue to the center line of Dayton Street; thence west along the center line of Dayton Street to the center line of Fair Oaks Avenue; thence south along the center line of Fair Oaks Avenue to the center line of Valley Street; thence west along the center line of Valley Street to the center of a certain alley running between Val- ley Street and Dayton Street, the center line of which is one hundred fifty-two and five-tenths (152.5) feet west of the center line of Fair Oaks Avenue; thence north along the center line of said alley to the center line of Dayton Street; thence west along the center line of Day- ton Street to the center line of Delacy Street; thence north along the center line of Delacy Street to the center line of Green Street; thence west along the center line of Green Street to the center line of Vernon Avenue; thence north along the center line of Vernon Avenue to the production west of the north line of Lot Number Seven (7), Amended Map of Colorado Street, Subdivision, as per map recorded in Book 83, page 31, Miscellaneous Records of Los Angeles County; thence east to the northeast corner of said Lot Numbered Seven (7) ; thence south along the east line of said Lot Numbered Seven (7), to a point three hundred seven and seven-tenths (307.7) feet north of the center line of Colorado Street; thence east parallel with and distant three hundred seven and seven-tenths (307.7) feet north of the cen- ter line of Colorado Street, to the center line of Pasaden i Avenue; thence north along the center line of Pasadena Ave- nue to the center line of Union Street; thence east along the center line of Union Street to the east line of Carr Alley; thence north along the east line of Carr Alley to the south line of B. F. Ball's Home Place, as per map recorded in Book 9, page 51, Miscellaneous Records of Los Angeles County; thence east along the south line of said B. F. Ball's Home Place to the center line of Miller Alley; thence north along the center line of Miller Alley to the center line of Ball Alley; thence east along the center line of Ball Alley to a point two hundred twenty -five (225) feet west of the center line of Fair Oaks Avenue; thence north parallel with the center line of Fair Oaks Avenue to the center line of Walnut Street; thence northerly to the southwesterly corner of Lot Numbered Three (3), Re-Sub, of Turner Tract, as re- corded in Book 10, page 26, Miscellaneous Records of Los Angeles County; thence easterly to the intersection of the center lines of Fair Oaks Avenue and Chestnut Street; thence east along the center line of Chestnut Street to the production north of the east line of Lot Num- bered Eleven (11), Goodwin's Subdivision of the south one-half (%) of Lot Eight (8), Block "B," San Pasqual Tract, as per map recorded in Book 9, page 87, Miscellaneous Records of Los Angeles County; thence south to the southeast corner of said Lot Numbered Eleven (11) ; thence west along the south line of said Lot Numbered Eleven (11), fifteen (15) feet; thence south parallel with the east line of Ray- mond Avenue to the center line of Walnut Street; thence west along the center line of Walnut Street to the center line of Raymond Ave- nue; thence south along the center line of Raymond Avenue to the center line of Holly Street; thence east along the center line of Holly Street to the production southerly of the westerly line of that portion of the right-of-way of the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway Company between Holly Street and Walnut Street; thence northerly along the westerly line of said right-of-way of the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway Company and its production northerly to the center line of Walnut Street; thence east along the center line of Wal- nut Street to the intersection of the center lines of Walnut Street and Broadway between Holly Street and Walnut Street; thence southerly, along the center line of said Broadway, to the production east of the north line of Holly Street; thence east, along the production east of the north line of Holly Street to the center line of Marengo Avenue; thence south along the center line of Marengo Avenue one hundred ninety-eight (198) feet; thence east, parallel with the center line of Colorado Street to the center line of Worcester Avenue; thence south, along the center line of Worcester Avenue, to a point two hundred eighty-one and twenty-four one-hundredths (281.24) feet north of the center line of Colorado Street; thence east, parallel with the center line of Colorado Street to a point two hundred twenty-seven (227) feet west of the center line of Los Robles Avenue; thence north parallel with the center line t)f Los Robles Avenue to the production west of the south line of Herkimer Street; thence east, along the production west of the south line of Herkimer Street to the center line of Los Robles Avenue; thence south along the center line of Los Robles Ave- nue to the center line of Colorado Street and point of beginning. Fire District No. 2 shall include all that portion of the City o f Fire District Pasadena bounded by the following described lines and which is not Xo. 3 included in Fire District No. 1. Beginning at the southeasterly corner of Vernon Avenue and Villa Street; thence easterly along the southerly line of Villa Street to the west line of El Molino Avenue; thence south along the west line of El Molino Avenue to the north line of California Street; thence west along the north line of California Street to a point on its north line three hundred (300) feet westerly of the westerly line of Grand Ave- nue; thence northerly parallel with and distant three hundred (300) feet westerly from the westerly line of Grand Avenue to an intersec- tion with the south line of Colorado Street produced west; thence west along the said south line of Colorado Street produced west to an inter- section with the easterly line of Arroyo Drive; thence northerly along the easterly line of Arroyo Drive to the southwesterly corner of Lot Numbered Nine (9) of Mrs. J. H. Hood's Subdivision, as recorded in Book 9, page 9, Miscellaneous Records of Los Angeles County; thence northwesterly to the northwest corner of Lot Numbered Forty (40) of Park Place, as recorded in Book 13, pages 61 and 62, Miscellaneous Records of Los Angeles County; thence northerly, easterly and south- erly along the easterly, southerly and westerly line of Arroyo Terrace to Orange Grove Avenue; thence southwesterly along the northwest- erly line of Orange Grove Avenue to the intersection with the north line of Walnut Street produced west; thence easterly along the nort'i line of Walnut Street to the northeast corner of Walnut Street anrl Vernon Avenue; thence northwesterly along the northeasterly line o Vernon Avenue to the southeast corner of Vernon Avenue and Villa Street and a place of beginning. Fire District No. 3 shall include all that portion of the City of Fire District Pasadena w r hich is not included in Fire District Nos. 1 and 2. NO. 3 Section 16. REMOVAL OF BUILDINGS. It shall be unlawful for Removal of any person, firm or corporation, as principal, agent, officer, clerk or Buildings employee, for himself or itself, or for another person, firm or corpora- tion, to move any frame or wooden building in, into or within Fire District No. 1, except as otherwise in this Code provided, or to move any building or structure upon or along any street in the City of Pasa- dena without permission first obtained from the City Council. No permit shall be granted by the City Council for the moving of Approval of any building or structure upon or along any street in the City of Pasa- street supt. dena, except upon the written application of the person, firm or corpor- ation, desiring to move the same, and unless such application is first approved by the Superintendent of Streets. As a condition of approv- ing said application, the Superintendent of Streets may require such manner or mode of moving said building or structure as shall protect and conserve in their then condition, the streets over which said build- ing shall be moved and he may require a reasonable deposit of money Deposit to be made with him for the purpose of repairing any of said streets which may be injured by the moving of the building or structure re- specting which the application is made. Fees Class of Buildings in Fire District No. 1 Extensions Unlawful Construction in Fire District No, 1 Unlawful Construction for Use of Unlawful to Establish Xi umber Yard 'Capacity Unlawful to Erect Buildings in Lumber Yards Alter or Add to Buildings Distance from Sidewalk Definitions Alterations No permit granted by the Council to move any building or struc- ture shall be effective until the person, firm or corporation to whom same is granted shall have paid to the Building Inspector the sum of One Dollar ($1.00) for any building or structure to be moved when such building or structure moved is of such a size that it can be, and in the moving thereof is carried on an ordinary two-horse wagon, or of Five Dollars ($5.00) for any building or structure to be and which is moved on wheels, or the sum of Ten Dollars ($10.00) for any building or structure to be and which is moved on rollers or otherwise. In all cases where it is necessary to cut, remove or displace any electrical wire or wires, in order to remove any building, no permit for such re- moval shall issue until the provisions of Ordinance No. 533 and ordi- nances amendatory thereto have been complied with. Section 17. CLASSES OF BUILDINGS IN THE FIRE LIMITS. No building shall be erected in Fire District No. 1 of the City of Pasa- dena unless said building shall conform in all respects to the require- ments of this Code for a building of either Class "A," Class "B," or Class "C" as the same are herein described. Every extension of any building within Fire District No. 1 in the form of an addition or sep- arate structure of any size or for any purpose shall be constructed in the same manner as buildings of Class "A," "B" or "C." Section 18. CERTAIN FURTHER CONSTRUCTION FORBIDDEN IN FIRE DISTRICT NO. 1. It shall be unlawful for any person, firm or corporation, as principal, agent, officer, clerk or employee, for him- self or itself, or for another person, firm or corporation, (a) to erect, construct or establish, or cause, suffer or permit to be erected, con- structed or established any furnace, mill, planing mill, laundry or any manufacturing establishment handling or manufacturing articles desig- nated as especially hazardous in the classification of the Board of Fire Underwriters of the Pacific Coast, unless specially provided for else- where in this Code, or any furnace (except for heating purposes), or lumber yard, in Fire District No. 1, or (b) to erect, construct or cause, suffer or permit to be erected or constructed any building or structure for the use of, or used as a fur- nace, mill, planning mill, laundry or a manufacturing establishment handling or manufacturing articles designated as especially hazardous in the classification of the Board of Fire Underwriters of the Pacific Coast, unless specially provided for elsewhere in this Code, or a fur- nace (except for heating purposes), in Fire District No. 1, or (c) to establish or assist in establishing any factory, freight house, engine room, machine shop, or manufacturing establishment in any wooden building in Fire District No. 1, or (d) to increase the area of or to occupy ground not previously used for the piling of lumber, of any lumber yard now in Fire District No. 1, or (e) to increase the capacity for piling or storing lumber of any lumber yard now in Fire District No. 1, or (f) to erect or construct, or cause, suffer or permit to be erected or constructed, any building or structure for the purpose or use of piling or storing lumber in any lumber yard now in Fire District No. 1, or (g) to alter or add to any building or structure used for the piling or storing of lumber in any lumber yard in Fire District No. 1, or (h) to pile or store lumber, parallel to and within eight (8) feet of an adjoining street, higher than eight (8) feet. When lumber is piled parallel to and within eight feet of any adjoining street, the street shall be protected by a five-foot fence with posts not less than 4" by 6" in size, eight feet on centers and set in ground not less than three feet. All lumber yards shall be equipped with proper fire hydrants so spaced and equipped as to afford adequate fire protection. Such spacing and equipment shall be under the direction and control of the Chief of the Fire Department. Section 19. DEFINITION OF TERMS. For the purpose of this ordinance the following terms shall have the meaning attached to them by this section. "Alterations" means any change or addition. "Repairs" means the reconstruction or renewal of any existing Repairs part of a building, or of its fixtures or appurtenances. "Party wall" means a wall used, or erected to be used> in common Party Wail as a structural wall by two or more adjoining buildings. "Partition wall" means any interior wall in a building other than Partition Wail a division wall. 'Division wall" means any wall, other than an exterior wall or a Division Wail party wall, which extends the full height of the building and through the roof. "Bearing wall" is a wall carrying a portion of the interior load of a Bearing Wail building. "Exterior wall" means every outer wall or vertical enclosure of a Exterior Wail building, other than a party wall. "Thickness of a wall" means the minimum thickness of a wall. Thickness of Wail "Masonry" means brick, stone or concrete. Masonry A "dwelling" means a building intended for the residence of not Dwelling: over two families. A "tenement house" is any house or building, or portion thereof, Tenement of more than one story, which is designed, built, rented, leased, let or hired out, to be occupied or is occupied as the home or residence of four families or more living independently of each other, and doing their cooking upon the premises, or by three families so living and cooking, and having a common right in the halls, stairways, yards, water closets, or some or any of them. Provided that a building of not more than two stories in height, which is designed, built, rented, Exception leased, let or hired out, to be occupied or is occupied as the home or residence of not more than four families living independently of each other, and so constructed that each section is arranged to be occupied as the home or residence of a separate family and each section having an entirely independent and separate entrance and stairway from the street or from an outside vestibule on the level of the first floor of said building and with no room, hall, bathroom, water closet, kitchen or other convenience used in common by two or more families occupying said building, shall not come within the definition of a tenement house contained in this ordinance. An "apartment house" is a building containing separate apart- Apartment ments for three or more families and having a street entrance common to all and not included within the definition of a tenement house as herein contained. A "flat" is a building of two or more stories containing inde- Flat pendent dwellings, each having its own street entrance. An "office building" shall be taken to mean and include every Office Building building which shall be divided into rooms above the first story used or intended to be used for business purposes, and no part of which shall be used for living purposes, except for the janitor and his family. A "public hall" is a room for public assemblages, not including a Public Hail theater, having a total seating capacity of 100 or more persons. A "theater" is a room, hall or auditorium having a stage either Theater with or without scenery, used or designed to be used for the public en- tertainment of persons, and adapted to the presentation of plays, operas, spectacles or similar forms of entertainment. A "hospital," "sanatorium" or "sanitarium" is a building in which Hospital sick, demented, injured or infirm persons are housed or intended to be Sanitarium housed, except that this definition shall not apply to rooms in hotels, Sanatorium private dwellings or rooming houses, not intended to be ordinarily oc- cupied by sick, injured, demented or infirm persons. "Building" or "structure" is any construction, the arrangement of Building or which may affect the health, safety or general welfare of man or structure animals. "Curtain wall" means any wall on the exterior of a building which Curtain Wail is supported at intervals on the frame of a building, or which is self- supporting only. The term "retaining wall" shall apply to all walls constructed for Retaining wail the purpose of holding back or supporting earth. Boarding or : House Hotel Warehouse Factory Store Building; Story and One- Half Building Fire Wall Front of a Building Measurements for Buildings ll.-iuhl of On Street Corners < round Above Street Level Fire Resisting Roof inspector Deputy Building Inspector Floors, Walls and Ceiling's A "boarding" or "lodging house" is a building used for boarding or lodging purposes, and containing not less than five nor more than fifty sleeping rooms for guests. A "hotel" is a building used as a place of entertainment of tran- sient guests and having more than twenty sleeping rooms for guests. A "Avarehouse" is a building used for the storage of goods, wares or merchandise. A "factory" is a building the whole or greater portion of which is used for manufacturing purposes. A "store building" is a building used wholly or in part for the pur- pose of exhibiting for sale goods, wares or merchandise. A "story and a half building" shall be taken to mean a building- that is more than one story in height and less than two stories in height, wherein any portion of the space above the first story ceiling is used or intended to be used or occupied for storage, living or sleep- ing purposes. A "fire Avail" is that part of a masonry or reinforced concrete wall extending above the roof immediately adjoining such wall. The "front" of a building is that face thereof which contains the principal entrance to said building. Section 20. MEASUREMENTS FOR BUILDINGS. For the pur- pose of this ordinance, the greatest linear ground dimension of any building shall be its length, and the next greatest linear ground dimen- sion its width. The height of buildings shall be measured from the curb level at the center of the front of the building to the top of the highest point of the building. For buildings on a street corner the measurements shall be taken from the curb level opposite the center of the front thereof in which is located the principal entrance to such building. When the ground upon which the walls of a structure are built is above the street level, the height of the building may be measured from the average level of the ground adjacent to the walls. A "fire resisting roof" means a roof, the exposed surface of which shall be composed of material, a piece of which, when placed over and In immediate contact with a piece of Oregon pine wood shall protect such wood from the heat of the hottest point of a Bunsen flame to the extent that after fifteen (15) minutes application of such flame, such wood shall not burn, nor be charred to a greater depth than % inch. For the purpose of this test a piece of roofing 12 inches square shall be used. The officer of the City of Pasadena now, or who may hereafter be charged with inspecting and overseeing the construction of buildings or other structures and the enforcement of ordinances and regulations relating to their inspection and construction, maintenance and occu- pancy shall be called the "Building Inspector," mentioned in this Code. "Building Inspector," as herein used, shall include any authorized dep- uty charged w r ith inspecting and overseeing the construction of build- ings and the enforcement of ordinances and regulations relating to their inspection and construction, maintenance and occupancy. PART III. SPECIAL REQUIREMENTS FOR CERTAIN BUILDINGS. Section 21. HOSPITALS, ASYLUMS, ETC. It shall be unlawful for any person, firm or corporation, as principal, agent, officer, clerk or employee, for himself or itself, or for another person, firm or corpora- tion to occupy, use or maintain a hospital, sanatorium, or sanitarium, in any building or structure in the City of Pasadena, unless such build- ing or structure be of Class "A" construction. The walls and ceilings of every corridor of each floor of such building shall extend from one exterior wall to another, and every such corridor shall have a door and fire escape at each end thereof. The floors, walls and ceiling shall be plastered with one inch coating of hard smooth cement, made of such proportions of cement and sand and put on in such manner as to be free from shrinkage or sett:ement cracKS and to contain approved waterproofing; or with hard g'pzed tile properly set in cement or a combination of the two materials; or some 10 other equally good material, making the entire room impervious to moisture. The corners in the wall angles and at the ceilings and floor shall Poors ami be rounded. All the doors and pasageways shall be wide enough for Passageway* the easy rolling of the beds through them. No door shall be less than three feet six inches in width, and no passageway shall be less than six feet in width. There shall be no sills or panels in the doorways and all the interior finish shall be placed flush with walls so as not to produce projections or corners which will catch the dust. Every fire escape in such building shall consist of an iron stair- fire >:*> i>os way extending from the ground to the topmost story and shall have a landing at each story communicating with corridors. The treads of such stairway shall be not less than eight inches wide and the risers shall be not more than seven inches high. Each such stairway shall have a substantial iron railing at least stah-wa> s three feet high on its exposed sides. From the landing at the top story a metal ladder shall extend to the roof as provided in this ordinance for other fire escapes. Where any hospital, sanatorium or sanitarium is built on the pa- Pavilion vilion system, consisting of two or more buildings connected by cor- system ridors, there shall be fire doors at each end of every corridor connect- ing such buildings, which said fire doors shall be constructed and ar- ranged in accordance with the provisions of this ordinance; provided, however, that the provisions of this section shall apply to any hospital, Exceptions sanatorium or sanitarium constructed, used and occupied as such at the time of the passage of this ordinance, only as hereinafter provided, except as relating to fire escapes and fire doors. Except doors, windows, painting, plastering, repairs to roof and Addition* addition of porches constructed entirely of non-combustible material, it class -A" shall be unlawful to alter, repair, raise, build upon, move, reconstruct or make any addition to any hospital, sanatorium or sanitarium, or any building used or occupied as such, except a building of Class "A" con- struction; provided, however, that a building not of Class "A" con- struction used and occupied at the time of the passage of this ordi- nance as a hospital, sanatorium or sanitarium may be altered, repaired, reconstructed or added to if such alteration, repair, reconstruction or addition is according to the above provisions and Class "A" con- struction. Section 22. HOTELS, APARTMENT HOUSES, ETC. It shall be Hotels. Ktr. unlawful to erect or construct, or to cause to be erected or constructed, any building used or designed to be used as a hotel, apartment house, tenement house, boarding house or lodging house more than tb"<^ Three stories in height unless the same is of Class "A," Class "B" or Class "C" construction, or more than four stories in height unless the same Four stories is of Class "A" or Class "B" construction, or more than five stories in Five stories height unless the same is of Class "A" construction, except that out- Exception side of Fire District No. 1, the roofs and overhanging cornices of such buildings over five (5) stories in height may be made of wood covered with non-combustible material, provided said wood work shall be left exposed on the under side, and provided the top story ceiling and attic floor are Class "A" construction, and provided that each entrance or opening between the attic space and the lower portion of the building is protected by two (2) seif-closing standard fire doors. In buildings of Class "D," more than two stories in height, used fiass "D" Hotels or designed to be used, as hotels, apartment houses, tenement houses, boarding houses or lodging houses, all corridors, hallways and the under side of all stairways not constructed of fireproof material shall be metal lathed and plastered. All heating plants hereinafter installed shall comply with Section Heatinjr Plants 24, Subdivision A of this Code. Section 23. SCHOOL BUILDINGS. Every toilet room containing Schools Buildings more than one water closet or urinal stall, in any public school build- Toilet Rooms ing hereafter erected, or out-house used in connection with any such school building, shall be constructed in the following manner: (a) The side walls of such toilet room shall be constructed of Wails brick, hollow terra cotta blocks, or concrete. 11 Floors Floor Grade Windows Doors Non-porous Material No Exposed Woodwork Stand Pipes Staudpipe for Cleaning Ventilation Heating- Plants Church, Lecture Room, Etc. Plant Metal I>ath and Plaster Where? Seats Distance Apart Aisles (b) The floors, walls and ceiling shall be plastered with one inch coating of hard smooth cement, made of such proportions of cement and sand and put on in such manner as to be free from shrinkage or settlement cracks and to contain approved waterproofing; or with hard glazed tile properly set in cement or a combination of the two mater- ials; or some other equally good material, making the entire room im- pervious to moisture. (c) The floor shall have a uniform grade of % inch per foot to floor drain or urinal trough. (d) All windows shall have galvanized iron or copper frames, casings, sash and wire glass. (e) The doors, frames and casings shall be metal covered by the use of galvanized iron or copper, put on in a workmanlike manner. (f) All water closets and urinal stalls shall be constructed of glass, marble, slate, porcelain, or some other equally good non-porous material. (g) The toilet room shall be constructed in such manner that there will be no exposed woodwork, except closet seats, and so that a stream of water may be used in cleaning any part of said room with- out damage to any other part of the building. (h) Inside of every school building of two stories or more in height except those of Class "A" construction, there shall be installed and maintained, two-inch stand pipes extending from a direct connec- tion with the city water main to the top floor of the building. Such stand pipes shall have IV 2 inch valves and hose connections, and shall be so placed that 50 feet of \}/ z inch standard fire hose, and suitable nozzle attached thereto, will reach to all points of such floor. (i) In each toilet room there shall be at least one one-inch stand pipe, fitted with the proper valves, and enough one-inch hose to reach any part of said room; such hose shall be used for fire and cleaning purposes only. (j) Where forced ventilation is required in the toilet room of any public school building it shall be done by the use of an exhaust fan capable of causing a complete change of air every ten minutes. (k) All heating plants already or hereafter installed shall comply with the provisions of Section 24, Sub-section (a). Section 24. BUILDINGS CONTAINING A CHURCH, LECTURE ROOM, MUSIC HALL OR OTHER PUBLIC HALL. Any building or portion thereof occupied or used as a church, lecture room, music hall or other public hall shall, in addition to all other requirements in this ordinance contained, be constructed in the following manner and shall conform to the following requirements: (a) Every room in such building used for the housing or installa- tion of a heating or ventilating plant or for any machinery whatever, shall have brick or concrete walls surrounding the same, extending from floor to ceiling. The ceiling of every such room shall be lathed with metal lath and plastered, and all openings through its walls into any other part of the building shall be protected by standard, self- closing fire doors, constructed and hung as specified in Section 162 of this ordinance, or by wired glass set in metal sash, in metal frames. (b) The underside of every stairway, gallery, both sides of every vestibule wall, and the ceiling of every vestibule in every such build- ing shall be lathed with metal lath and plastered; and the walls, ceiling and partitions of every basement under any room used as a church, lec- ture room, music hall or other public hall shall be lathed with metal lath and plastered. (c) All seats in every room, used as an auditorium or place of public assembly in such building, shall be so arranged as to allow, be- tween the rows of seats therein, across the width thereof, a space not less than thirty-two inches, measured between the extreme backs of said seats. Where the seating capacity of any floor in any such church, lecture room, music hall or other public hall is arranged to accommo- date not more than 300 persons there shall be provided at least one aisle, the aggregate width of such aisle space shall not be less than six (6) feet and shall be increased one foot for each additional 100 persons or fractional part thereof, and no aisle shall be less than three (3) feet wide, and no seat shall be more than 14 feet from an aisle. 12 Section 24 is continued on page 13. The following insert contains Section 23 as amended by Ordinance No. 1344 and Section 23>]/ 2 , added by the same ordinance. Section 23 as hereafter printed has superceded Section 28 as shown on pages 11 and 12 hereof. Section 23. SCHOOL BUILDINGS: Every toilet room or out- School Buildings house containing more than one water closet or urinal stall in or Toilet Booms used in connection with any public school building now in course of construction or hereafter erected, shall be constructed or re-constructed in the following manner: (a) The floors and side walls shall be constructed of brick, hollow Floor and terra cotta blocks, or concrete. Side Walls (b) The walls a distance of seven (7) feet above the floor shall Walls be plastered with five-eighths (%) inch coating of hard smooth cement, made of such proportions of cement, sand and approved water proofing, mixed with and put on in such manner as to be free from shrinkage or settlement cracks, and be covered w r ith an unbroken coat of ap- proved water proofing; or the walls a distance of seven (7) feet above the floor shall be covered with hard glazed tile, or vitrolite or opalite properly set in cement; or a combination of hard glazed tile or vitrolite or opalite with such coating of hard smooth cement, mixed and put on as hereinbefore provided, or some equally good material. The walls above seven (7) feet from the floor, and the ceiling, if not constructed as hereinbefore provided, shall be plastered with a coat of hard plaster, and be covered and kept covered with an unbroken coat of approved water proofing, making the entire room impervious to moisture. (c) The floors shall be plastered with %-inch coating of hard Floors smooth cement, put on in such manner as to be free from shrinkage or settlement cracks, and be covered with an unbroken coat of ap- proved waterproofing, or the floors shall be covered with hard, glazed tile, or vitrolite or opalite properly set in cement, or a combination of hard glazed tile or vitrolite or opalite, with such coating of hard smooth cement, or some equally good material. The floor shall have a uniform grade of %-inch per foot to floor drain or urinal trough. Floor Grade (d) All windows shall have wire glass and water-tight galvanized windows iron or copper covered frames, casing and sash. (e) The doors, frames and casings shall be metal covered by the Doors use of galvanized iron or copper, water tight, and put on in a workman- like manner. (f ) All water closets and urinal stalls shall be constructed of glass, Non-porous marble, slate, porcelain or some other equally good non-porous material. Material (g) The toilet room shall be constructed in such manner that there will be no exposed ^woodwork, except closet seats, and so that a NO Exposed stream of water may be used in cleaning any part of said room without Woodwork damage to any part of the building. (h) The floor space between urinals shall be given a slope of at stall Floors least one (1) inch toward the front of the urinal, and the floor space and wall space between the same shall be constructed of glazed tile laid in cement mortar with suitable cove at the base where floor and wall meet, or of the same material as said urinals. This construction to be carried up at least six (6) inches above the top of the urinals and finished with a wainscot cap of the same material. (i) In each such toilet room or outhouse there shall be at least stand Pipes one (1) three-quarter (%) inch stand pipe, fitted with the proper valves, and enough three-quarter (%) inch hose to reach any part of said room shall be available for fire and cleaning purposes. (j) Where forced ventilation is required in the toilet room of any Ventilation public school building, it shall be done by the use of an exhaust fan capable of causing a complete change of air every ten minutes. (k) All heating plants already or hereafter installed shall comply Heating Plants with the provisions of Section 24, Subdivision (a) of Ordinance No. 1312. Section 23 J /. (a) Any assembly hall or other room with a seating Assembly Hails capacity for five hundred (500) persons or more contained in or form- ing a part of a school building, and having a stage either with or without scenery, used or designed to be used for public entertainment of persons and adapted to the presentation of plays, operas, spectacles or similar forms of entertainment, shall be constructed as in this sec- 12a tion provided, and if constructed, shall be made to conform hereto. Same Class Such assembly hall or other room shall be of the same class as the as other Part building of which it forms a part, or of a higher class. It shall be of Building: constructed or made to conform to all the requirements of Sections 24, 165, 166, 167, 171, 172, 176, 177, 178, 179, 180 and the first paragraph of Section 169 of Ordinance No. 1312. It shall be constructed or made to conform to Section 168 of Ordinance No. 1312 except that the moulded frame around the proscenium opening, above the spring line, instead of being entirely of fire proof materials, may be of metal lath and plaster completely enclosing all parts not constructed of fire proof Not Class A materials. When the ceiling is not of Class A construction, such Ceiling moulded frame to be supported at its intersection with proscenium wall by iron or steel, said iron or steel to be riveted or bolted to a Automatic proscenium girder. It shall be provided with stand pipes and automatic Sprinklers sprinkler as provided in Section 181 of Ordinance No. 1312. Floors The floors of all dressing rooms on the auditorium side of proscenium wall and steps or gradients to the same shall be Class A construction. The floors from a point six (6) inches back of the cur- tain line out to and including the footlight supports, front nosing and any overhang in front of the back stair* of the orchestra pit, and all walls and supports below the stage floor, shall be Class A construction, and all material used in its construction shall be non-combustible. The floors of the remainder of the stage may be of wood construction. If of wood, it shall be made of two thicknesses of boards not less than seven-eighths (%) inch thick, with two thicknesses of asbestos paper between, over the entire area. Said paper to weigh not less than twelve pounds to one hundred square feet for each layer. stand Pipes (b) Inside of every school building of two or more stories in height, except Class A construction, there shall be installed and main- tained 2" stand pipes extending from a direct connection with the city water main to the top floor and through the roof. Said stand pipes shall have a 1%" valve and hose connection, and so placed that 50 feet of iy 2 " standard fire hose and suitable nozzle attached thereto, shall reach all points of said floors, basement and roof; except in buildings where stand pipes are already installed, in. which case said existing stand pipes shall be extended through the roof, and valves and hose placed on roof and in basement. If existing stand pipes that are smaller than 2" and are so placed that more than 50 feet of hose is required to reach all parts of the building, one-half as many 2" stand pipes with suitable hose connections shall be installed in addition to the existing stand pipes. In no case shall a stand pipe smaller than iy 2 " be allowed, and the stand pipes, whether new or old, shall be connected directly with the City water main outside the house supply. Elevator or Dumb (c) The air space of any elevator or dumb waiter shaft in any Waiter shaft school building shall be separated from such building by at least a Light Shaft four-inch hollow tile or cement wall on side and top. Light shafts on school buildings already constructed or under construction which are covered with a skylight, if of wood, shall be metal lathed and plastered on both sides where they pass through the attic space. Roofs Where the roofs are not constructed as provided in Section 46 of Ordinance No. 1312, they shall be constructed in accordance with Section 58 of Ordinance No. 1312, and all openings above any roof not constructed in accordance with said Section 46, except those of street front, shall have metal frames and metal sash glazed with wire glass Doors to Attic not less than one-quarter (14) inch thick. All doors to attic spaces Space passing through masonry walls shall be fire doors. Where fire walls Fire Walls have been constructed over four (4) feet in height, they shall be staid with five-eighths (%) inch rods to the rafters, the anchors to extend through the wall with suitable washers on the outside, and be fastened to the roof joists with three (3) inch lag screws, 'two (2) to -each anchor, such anchors to be placed not more than ten feet apart. If said anchors are placed over eight feet apart, they are to be of three- quarter (%) inch iron. Fireproof stair- - ;W ; No balcony having a seating capacity for, more than twelve way from Balcony persons shall be constructed on, over or above the roof of any school building two stories or over in height not of Class A construction, unless said balcony shall have .an exterior fire proof stairway not lees than three (3) feet in width leading directly to th ground. * '"Stair" should be "wall." 12b (dj Every staircase leading to a gallery which contains less than staircase to two hundred seats, shall be not less than five (5) feet in width. For Gallery each additional one hundred seats or fractional part thereof in said gallery, the width of said stairway shall be increased one foot. There shall be hand rails on each side of any stairway leading to any afore- said gallery or to a basement. There shall be no winders in any such stairway. Every landing of every such stairway shall be full aggregate width of the flights of stairs leading to such landing from above and the depth of every such landing shall be equal the width of the stairs leading thereto. The minimum head room over every such stairway at every point thereon shall be not less than eight feet. (e) The aggregate width of the exits of any such church, lecture width of Exits room, music hall or other public hall shall be at least fifteen per cent greater than the aggregate width required for the aisles, and each gal- lery therein shall have an exit separate and distinct from any other exit from such auditorium direct to the vestibule or street. No exit from such church, lecture room, music hall or other public hall shall be less than five (5) feet in width and seven (7) in height. (f) Any building or portion thereof occupied or used as a church, Hails on lecture room, music hall or other public hall above the first floor, shall Second Floor have its stairs and exits constructed and arranged in the following manner: No portion of the main floor of any room of this class con- taining more than 6000 sq. ft. shall be above the second floor, or any room containing more than 3600 sq. ft. shall be above the third floor, Third Floor except that in buildings of Class "A" such rooms may be on any floor, stairways For every room containing over 3600 sq. ft. there shall be two such stairways. For every such room containing 6000 sq. ft., there shall be three such stairways. All stairways shall be placed as far apart as pos- sible. There shall be one fire escape for all such rooms and never less Fire Escapes than one-half the aggregate width of the regular stairways in aggregate width of such fire escapes. These fire escapes shall be constructed in accordance with the specifications for hospital fire escapes contained in Section 21 hereof, except that where such fire escapes come over streets or alleys the lower flight of stairs shall be counterbalanced to swing or slide up in a safe and satisfactory manner. All exits shall be lighted Exit Lights as provided for in moving picture theaters. Any building already erected containing a room occupied or used Halls in Existing for church, lecture room, music hall or other public hall shall be made Buildings to comply with this Code in the following manner: It shall in all cases have the required aggregate width of exits (if above the first floor) either in the form of stairs or fire escapes. If any communicating openings exist or are made between a building containing such a room and another building such openings shall be closed by standard fire doors as provided for communicating openings in Section 162 hereof. All exits shall be lighted as above provided. Sub-section (a) of this Section shall apply to buildings already erected. Section 25. CERTAIN FACTORY BUILDINGS TO BE OF CLASS Factory Buildings "A," "B," OR "C." Every building more than three stories in height over Three stories used for factory purposes shall be of Class "A," "B" or "C" construe- High tion. Section 26. SMOKE HOUSES. Every smoke house or smoke smoke Houses room shall be constructed of fireproof material throughout with all walls, floors and roofs thereof of masonry, and the walls shall be built at least three feet higher than the roof. An iron grate shall be placed three feet above the floor, and the hanging rail shall be of iron. Section 27. STABLES. No building shall be erected or used for stables the purpose of stabling animals above the first or ground floor thereof unless such building be constructed as hereinbefore provided for build- ings of Class "A." Section 28. (a). The first floors of all buildings or premises (ex- ri cept such part as is used exclusively for the storage of carriages, har- ness and feed) hereafter constructed in the City of Pasadena and in- tended to be used for the purpose of stabling horses, mules, cows or other animals, shall be of concrete not less than 3 inches thick with a wearing surface of cement or asphaltum not less than one-half inch 13 Gutter Drain Connect to Sewer In Fire Districts 2 and 3 Connect to Pit Wash K*ck. Manure fit thick. Wood racks may be used on top of the cement. Such racks snail be removable for cleaning purposes. (b) All stall floors shall be constructed on a grade of not less than y s of an inch to the foot. A square gutter drain shall be con- structed at the time the floor is put down across the lowest side or end of each stall in such manner as to efficiently drain the same. Such gutter drains shall drain into a sewer in such manner as to fully com- ply with the provisions of the ordinance of the City of Pasadena reg- ulating plumbing, and ordinances amendatory thereto. In Fire Dis- tricts 2 and 3, said drain may be connected with the pit provided for in Sub-section (d) of this section in place of sewer, provided such pit shall be cleaned regularly and in such manner that the accumulation of manure and water shall never become offensive. The sides and bottom of such gutter shall not be of less thickness than the floor of the stable and shall not be less than eight inches wide inside measurement at the floor level, nor less than two inches in depth and shall have suffi- cient fall to carry off all liquid discharge from the stall. Wash racks when located within the stable must be provided with a surface drain which shall connect with the sewer. Provisions for such drain shall be made at the time of putting down the floor. (d) Every person, firm or corporation now and hereafter main- taining any stable or other place in Fire District No. 1 in which ma- nure or stable refuse accumulates shall provide a bin or pit constructed of masonry not less than four (4) inches thick, within the outer walls of the stable. Said bin or pit shall be entirely closed and shall be vented by means of a duct or flue not less than 12, inches in diameter extending through the roof. The outer termination of said vent shall be effectually screened against flies and shall be carried above the roofs of all buildings within 25 feet of such vent and shall, in no in- stance, be closer than 10 feet to any window or light well. Outside of Fire District No. 1 a bin or pit shall be constructed in connection with such stable or other place conforming to the specifi- cations contained in this sub-division, except that such bin or pit may be constructed outside of said stable in which case it shall have a tight cover. (e) Every stable or other place where horses, mules, cows or other animals are kept must be ventilated by means of louvre ventila- tors in the roof or by openings in the outer walls where said walls are more than 10 feet from adjacent property lines. (f) The provisions of this section shall apply to all buildings in which stables shall hereafter be established which are now existing but are not used for stable purposes at the date of the approval of this ordinance. Section 29. All stables existing at the date of the passage of this ordinance shall be made to comply with the provisions of Sub-division d of Section 28 of this ordinance, within 90 days from the date of the approval of this ordinance. All stables existing at the date of the passage of this ordinance which have no floor other than an earth floor shall be made to comply with the provisions of Sub-divisions a and b of Section 28 of this ordi- nance, within four months from the date of the approval of this ordi- nance. Floors in existing stables shall be made to comply with the pro- visions of this Code within one year from the date of its passage; pro- vided, that when repairs are made to floors in existing stables such floors shall be made to comply with the provisions of this Code unless the cost of such repairs is less than $20.00. The provisions of Sections 28 and 29 (excepting Sub-division d of Section 28 which shall be of general application), shall apply to private stables only when so ordered by the Sanitary Inspector, who shall so order whenever a private stable shall become a nuisance and such nuisance can be overcome by a compliance with the provisions of the two sections mentioned. Section 30. GARAGES. Any automobile stable, storage room or garage shall be made to conform to the following conditions: Class A, B c Bidgs Such place shall not be established in any building in Fire District Required i Dist. 1 Xo. 1, except in buildings of Class "A," "B" or "C." 14 Outside Fire District No>. Louvre Veiitilntoi Stables in Existing Buildings Existing Stable .Manure Pits To Be Installed When? Floors To Be When? u stalled Kepair> to Floors Exception- Garage:* If established in buildings now existing in Fire District No. 1, all Established in outer walls of the building or parts of the building used for the above Existing Building* purposes shall be made to conform to the provisions of this Code con- tained in Section 101. The floors of all rooms used for the above purposes shall be of fire- Fire-proof Floors proof material, or wood, covered with concrete not less than three inches thick. Any automobile stable, storage room or garage which has hereto- Fire Protection fore been established or may hereafter be established shall have the following fire protection: They shall have a chemical fire extinguisher for every 200 sq. ft. of Fire Extinguisher floor area. Such extinguisher shall be of a type approved by the Na- tional Board of Fire Underwriters. There shall also be a sand box, Sand BOX barrel or other suitable receptacle containing not less than 4 cubic feet of sand for every 600 sq. ft. of floor area. This section shall not apply to private garages, except that all Exception floors shall be made of non-combustible material or the natural ground. Section 31. BILLBOARDS, (a) It shall be unlawful for any per- Billboards son, firm or corporation to erect within the City of Pasadena, any bill- board or advertising signboard unless there shall be between the base of the same and the surface of the ground an open intervening space of not less than 1 foot, 6 inches. It shall be unlawful for any person, firm Height Above or corporation hereafter to erect within the City of Pasadena any bill- Ground board or advertising signboard nearer to any street, sidewalk, alley or other public place, than a distance equal to the height of said billboard Distance from or advertising signboard from the surface of the ground at the base Sidewalk thereof, provided that this Section shall not apply to any advertising sign painted upon, nor to any billboard or advertising signboard firmly fixed to a wall or any building. (b) All billboards or advertising signboards shall be erected and constructed in a safe and workmanlike manner, and in accordance with the following specifications: Posts to which the same are to be attached to be not less than 4x4 Posts inches in size, to be placed at least three feet in the ground, to be not farther than ten feet apart, and to extend to the top of said billboard or adverising signboard. Anchor posts shall be not less than 4x4 inches in size, each shall be placed at least three feet in the ground, and there shall be one such anchor post directly back of each of the posts above mentioned, and to which the billboard or advertising signboard is to be attached. Braces shall extend from each of the posts to which the Braces billboard or advertising signboard is to be attached to its correspond- ing anchor post, which braces be not less than 2x4 inches in size and shall be securely nailed at each end. All billboards or advertising signboards erected within the limits i *'* District of Fire District No. 1 as they are now, or may hereafter be fixed, shall No - x to Have . have the entire surface and facing made of metal, and no part of such 3I tul Facing surface or facing shall be made in whole or in part of wood or any other inflammable material. All lumber used in billboards erected in Fire District No. 1 shall be of redwood except the braces and cross pieces to which the face is attached. Each billboard or advertising- signboard maintained within the said city, shall bear thereon the name of the owner thereof in a conspicuous place. (c) No permit for the erection or construction of any billboard Approval of shall be granted unless the application therefor shall have endorsed Fire chief thereon the approval of the Chief of the Fire Department. Necessary (d) All billboards and advertising signs erected above or on the Billboards on or roof of any building or structure shall be constructed entirely of metal Above Roofs and shall be capable of withstanding a wind pressure of 50 pounds per square foot, projected area, in addition to the weight of the sign. No roof shall be loaded beyond its safe carrying capacity. (e) All billboards and advertising signboards erected and main- Under Supervision tained within said city shall be under the general supervision of the of Building Building Inspector. inspector 15 PART IV. PERMITS REQUIRED. Permit Required Section 32. PERMIT REQUIRED. It shall be unlawful for any person, firm or corporation, as principal, agent, officer, clerk or em- ployee, for himself or itself, or for another person, firm or corporation, Exceptions to commence or proceed with the erection, construction, alteration, re- pair, moving or demolition (restoration of plastering or painting and repairs to doors and windows and fences outside of Fire District No. 1 excepted) of any building or other structure in the City of Pasadena (other than structures erected by the United States of America), un- less a permit so to do has been first obtained as herein provided, ex- cept that a permit need not be procured for work (not exceeding in cost Twenty-five Dollars [$25.00]) outside of Fire District No. 1, when chimneys and vents are not involved. NO Building No building permit shall be required for plumbing and electrical Permit for work in an existing building where such building permit would not Repairs otherwise be required, or where the work under said building permit Plumbing and does not exceed in cost Twenty-five Dollars ($25.00). wiring Any person, firm or corporation, desiring such permit, shall file with the building inspector, on a blank to be furnished by said Building Application Blanks Inspector, an application therefor, which application for such permit shall be made by the owner or his agent. Such application shall set forth the land upon which the proposed work is^to be done, describing the same by lot and block, or other description by which the same may be readily located or identified; the general dimensions of the building to be erected, constructed, altered, repaired, moved or demolishd; the Name of number and height of the stories thereof; the names of the owner, the owner, architect, the contractor or builder, should there be such architect, con- Architect, and tractor or builder; and the cost of the proposed work, and shall set Builder forth the purpose for which such building, alteration or repair is de- signed. The Building Inspector may require the applicant for a permit to also obtain and file with the Building Inspector before obtaining such permit, a written certificate from the City Assessor that the de- scription of the land contained in the application is correct, and a writ- ten statement from the Engineer of the proper house number for said building. When such application is made (excepting for private dwell- No Plan ings not to exceed in cost $2500.00 and garages and outbuildings not to rnder $2500.00 exceed in cost $500.00), plans and specifications in conformity with the provisions of this ordinance shall be filed with the Building Inspector who shall then issue a permit and shall file such application and shall official stamp apply to such plans and specifications an official stamp stating that the drawings and specifications to which the same has been applied, com- ply with the terms of this ordinance. The plans and specifications so stamped shall then be returned to such applicant. True copies of so much of said plans and specifications as may be required in the opinion of the Building Inspector to illustrate the features of construction and equipment of the building referred to shall be filed in the office of the Building Inspector and shall remain on file in said office until the com- pletion or occupation of such building. It shall not be obligatory upon the Building Inspector to retain such drawings in his custody for more than three (3) months after the completion or occupation of the build- ing to which they relate. The stamping of any plan or specifications shall not be held to permit or to be an approval of the violation of any section of this ordinance. All such plans and drawings shall be drawn to a scale of not less than one-eighth of an inch to a foot on suitable paper or cloth by some process that will not fade or obliterate. All dis- tances and dimensions shall be accurately figured and drawings made explicit and complete, showing the location of all plumbing fixtures within such building. All said plans presented shall be accompanied by a set of specifications describing all materials to be used in the pro- posed building, and both the plans and specifications shall be approved by the Building Inspector before a permit shall be granted. Unlawful to Erase It shall be unlawful to erase, alter or modify any lines, figures or coloring contained upon such drawings or specifications so stamped by . the Building Inspector. or filed with said Inspector for refernce. If, during the progress of the execution of such work, it is desired to dev- Plans on File Three Months Scale L6 Section 32 is continued on page 17. The following insert contains Section 31J/ 2 as added by Ordinance No. 1344. Section 31%. REVIEWING STANDS: Every reviewing stand Reviewing erected in the City of Pasadena, shall be constructed to withstand a stands live load of not less than 125 pounds per square foot, with a factor or safety of four (4), and shall be braced so as to withstand all possible diagonal strain. If erected to remain for a longer period than twenty (20) days, it shall have a masonry foundation and be anchored to said foundation. 16% late in any manner affecting the construction or other essentials of the building from the terms of the application, drawing or specifica- tions, notice in writing of such intention to alter or deviate shall be Written given to the Building Inspector and the written assent of said Building Permission to Inspector shall be first obtained before such alteration or deviation Alter shall be made. Alterations in buildings made prior to the completion thereof Alterations which do not involve any change in their structural parts or of their Permissible stairways, elevators, fire escapes or other means of communication, or ingress or egress, and that are not in violation of any of the provisions of this ordinance, may be made without permission of the Building Inspector. If any change increases the cost of the proposed work, the Build- increased Cost ing Inspector shall collect an additional fee for such change, in ac- cordance with the scale of fees hereinafter prescribed. Section 33. FEES, (a) The fees to be paid to the Building Fees Inspector for the issuance of any permit mentioned in Section 32 of Ordinance No. 1312, shall be as follows: Where the cost of the proposed work (exclusive of the cost of all plumbing and electrical work) does not exceed $100.00, 35 cents, and for each additional $100.00, or fractional part thereof, (exclusive of plumbing and electrical work), 10 cents. The above mentioned fees do not include the fees for any other other Work work for which a permit is required by any other ordinance of the Not included City of Pasadena. (b) In case of moving any building without entering upon any Moving public street, alley or place in so doing, the cost of moving, added to the cost of any repairs, additions or alterations to be made to such building after the moving thereof, shall constitute the total cost for the purpose of determining the fee to be paid for the permit accord- ing to the above schedule. (c) Any person, firm or corporation who shall commence the Double Fee erection, construction, alteration, repair, moving or demolition of any building or other structure without a permit first having been obtained from the Building Inspector, as required by Ordinance No. 1213, shall be required, upon subsequently taking out such permit, to pay for the same double the amount of the fee hereinbefore provided for such permit. Section 34. ACCOUNT OF FEES TO BE KEPT. The Building Account of Fee* Inspector shall keep in proper books an accurate account of all fees received under this ordinance, giving the name of the party paying the same and the name of the owner upon whose account the same were paid, and the date and the amount thereof, together with the house number of said premises, which books shall be open for public inspec- tion. Such Building Inspector shall pay all fees received by him during any week into the City Treasury upon the first business day of the fol- lowing week. Section 35. WHEN PERMIT EXPIRES. If the work authorized Permit Expires by such permit is not commenced within 90 days from date thereof, or in 90 Days if the work authorized by such permit shall be suspended or abandoned by the owner of said building for a period of 90 days, then such permit, unless renewed by the City Council, shall thenceforth be null and void, and before such work can be commenced or recommenced a new per- mit shall be taken out, and the same fees as hereinbefore fixed for the original permit shall be paid therefor. If the work upon any building or structure shall be conducted in Permit Revoked violation of any of the provisions of this ordinance, the Building In- spector shall revoke the permit for the same, and thenceforth such permit shall be null and void and it shall be unlawful for any person, firm or corporation to continue in the construction of any building or structure described in said permit. PART V. CLASS "A" BUILDINGS. Section 36. DEFINITION AND LIMIT OF HEIGHT. Class "A" class "A" buildings, designated as "fireproof" or "skeleton" construction, shall Definition and include every building wherein all external or internal loads or strains Limit of Height are transmitted to the foundation by means of reinforced concrete, or by means of a skeleton or framework of steel or iron, the beams and 17 Seven Stories Masonry Masonry Walls See Sections 100-115 Inclusive Height of Class "A" Steel Reinforced Concrete Foundations Walls Chimneys Outer Walls Hollow Tile Outside Fire District No. 1 Columns Granite Facings Beam Protection ."Exterior Light Courts Party Walls Filler Walls Exterior Structural Parts Ploers Terra Cotta Concrete rVood Sleepers Floor Lights Strength of Floor Lights girders of which are riveted or bolted to each other at their respective juncture points, provided, however, that in any building of Class "A" construction not exceeding seven stories in height, the exterior walls may be constructed of masonry with piers of not less than six (6) feet in width and of the thickness required for buildings of the same height of Class "B" construction. (See Sections 100 to 115 inclusive.) All beams, girders and other steel and iron work shall be thoroughly anchored and tied to masonry. No building of Class "A" steel construction shall exceed in height one hundred fifty (150) feet; amd no reinforced concrete building shall exceed in height one hundred thirty-three (133) feet. Class "A" build- ings need not have fire walls, except on party and division walls. Section 37. FOUNDATION WALLS. See Sections 95 to 99 inclu- sive. For Chimneys see Sections 128 to 134 inclusive. Section 38. OUTER WALLS. All outer walls of every building of Class "A" shall be constructed of either brick, stone or concrete, ex- cept that outside of Fire District No. 1, hollow tile walls may be used for filler walls, provided the total thickness of such walls is not less than eight (8) inches. Such walls may be laid with two 3-inch tiles. Such tiles to be separated, forming a hollow wall, not less than twelve (12) inches thick, provided the separated walls are tied together with tile cross-walls not more than four (4) feet apart on centers. Said cross-walls shall run the entire height of the wall. Tile walls shall be reinforced with wire cloth or metal lath as provided for bearing walls in Section 116. Every column in an outer wall of any such building shall have not less than four and one-half (4%) inches of brick, stone tile, or concrete beyond its outer flanges. Where a facing of granite or marble, or other stone which is subject to disintegration by heat is used, every beam, girder and column shall be protected independently of such facing with not less than two (2) inches of concrete or of brick, or tile laid in cement mortar. In no case shall a granite or marble column be used to carry a wall exceeding one story in height. Walls of exterior light courts shall be constructed as herein provided for the construction of outer walls. Section 39. PARTY WALLS. Party walls in buildings of Class "A" construction shall be constructed four (4) inches thicker than the outer walls of such buildings. Section 40. FILLER WALLS. Outer walls of Class "A" buildings, built in between iron or steel columns and supported wholly by iron or steel girders in each story above first story, shall be not less than twelve (12) inches thick above the street curb level, or tier of beams nearest the curb level. Where a story exceeds eighteen (18) feet in height, such wall shall be increased four (4) inches in thickness for every eighteen (18) feet additional or part thereof. Section 41. EXTERIOR STRUCTURAL PARTS. All exterior structural parts of the framework of buildings of Class "A" shall be built in solid to the metal; provided that where any column projects out of a wall into the building, it shall be fireproofed as hereinafter provided for interior columns. Section 42. CONSTRUCTION OF FLOORS. Every floor in any building of Class "A" shall be constructed of terra cotta, brick arches or reinforced concrete in which proper provision shall be made by metal rods against the spreading of the beams. The flange of the beams or girders shall be protected by at least one (1) inch of concrete or tile. The top of every arch in floor construction shall be filled with concrete to a level of one (1) inch above the beam tops; if wood sleep- ers are used for the purpose of laying finished floors, said sleepers shall be filled between with concrete or other non-combustible material, and there shall be not less than one (1) inch of concrete between said sleepers and any steel beams. Floor lights, used for transmission of light to floors below, shall be constructed of metal frames and bars or plates, or approved rein- forced concrete frames, and any light of glass therein exceeding in area sixteen square inches shall be provided with a mesh of wire either in the glass or under the same and the floor lights shall be of the same proportional strength as the floors in which they are placed. 18 The contractor or owner shall make load tests on any part of a re- Load Tests inforced structure, whether it be reinforced concrete or whether it be reinforced hollow terra cotta blocks, or a combination of both rein- forced concrete and reinforced terra cotta blocks; such test shall be made whenever the Building Inspector deems necessary, and any floors of the above mentioned construction shall sustain a load of twice that Sustain Load for which it is designed, without any sign of failure, and in the case of beams, girders and floors, without deflecting more than one seven-hun- dredth of the span. (For strength of materials, see Sections 145 to See Sections 149 inclusive.) 145-149 inclusive Section 43. INTERIOR CONSTRUCTION. Interior partitions in interior any building of Class "A" shall be constructed of either hollow terra Construction, cotta blocks, brick or reinforced concrete in which the stiffening metal I'artitions is thoroughly fireproof ed; or shall be constructed of bars of metal, lathed with metal lath, and plastered not less than five-eighths (%) of an inch thick, or shall be constructed of wire glass not less than one quarter ( *4 ) of an inch thick set in metal frames or sash. The walls of any interior light court shall be not less than eight (8) inches thick, interior Light and constructed of brick, concrete, or hollow terra cotta blocks. For Courts hollow terra cotta construction see Section 116. Every elevator in buildings of Class "A" shall be enclosed in a Elevators partition extending from the basement to the underside of the first floor. All doors to such enclosure shall be constructed of metal or of Doors, See wood covered with metal, constructed and arranged as specified in Section 162 Section 162 of this ordinance. All glass in such enclosure or doors Glass shall be wired glass not less than one-fourth (%) of an inch thick set in metal frames and sash. Section 44. FIREPROOFING OF STRUCTURAL IRON AND Fireprooflng of STEEL. Every building of Class "A" shall be constructed throughout structural Iron of non-inflammable material, and all interior construction metal there- and steel in, except the framing for elevators and staircases, shall be protected from rust and fire by brick, terra cotta or concrete, as follows: All structural steel or iron, before being fireproofed shall be cleaned of dirt and scale and, unless encased in concrete, be coated with an effi- cient preservative. All iron and steel columns, girders and beams, in- cluding the lugs and brackets for same, used in construction of any Lugs, Brackets, fireproof building or supporting any fireproof floor or masonry walls, Etc. shall be entirely covered with two (2) inches of well burned brick or tile, laid in cement mortar or concrete, built in solid to the metal. If fireproofed with concrete the steel shall be wrapped with not less than Wrapped with No. 16 wire, with a pitch of not more than six (6) inches. NO. 16 wire The extreme outer edges of lugs, brackets and similar supporting metal shall be covered with at least one (1) inch of the fireproofing. In hollow tile blocks more than six (6) inches thick, the shells and Hollow Tile webbs thereof shall be not less than three-fourths (%) of an inch Blocks thick. Said blocks shall be thoroughly tied and anchored together. Section 45. STAIRWAYS. Every building of Class "A" shall have stairways at least one interior stairway from the ground to the roof, and all stair- ways shall be constructed of fireproof material throughout. No stairway shall surround or be adjacent to an elevator shaft or Near Elevator open well-hole unless separated from said shaft or well-hole by a par- shaft or well Hole tition or wall of fireproof materials, or unless there is in the building another interior stairway from the ground to the roof not adjacent to any elevator shaft or well-hole. But in no case shall any floor of more than ten thousand (10,000) square feet of area have less than two (2) interior stairways from the top floor to the second floor of the building. Stairways from the first floor to any basement or portion thereof stairways to used only for storage or for the maintenance of service for the building Basements shall be enclosed in fireproof walls or partitions having a tight door and containing no glass other than wire glass not less than one-fourth ( 1 / 4) of an inch thick. Every basement used, or intended to be used, for the exhibition of goods, wares or merchandise, or for the sale thereof, at retail, shall be provided with at least one stairway not less than five feet in width for every five thousand square feet, or fractional part thereof, of floor area, of such basement. Each such stairway shall be constructed without winders, and shall have a hand rail on each 19 Roofs Roof Drainage Skylights Cornices Ventilation of Water Closets and Urinals Definition and Limit of Height Thickness of Walls See Sections 100-115 Inclusive Metal Lath and Plaster Required Foundations and Chimneys Structural Metal Fireproofed Supporting Metal Over Windows Mezzanine Floors Anchors Bond Iron side thereof. Such stirways shall be as far removed from each other as practicable and the width of the main aisles leading thereto shall be not less than the full width of such stairway or stairways. Section 46. ROOFS. The roof of every building of Class "A" shall be constructed of concrete, brick arches or tile, the upper surface of which shall be covered with asphaltum and gravel, cement, concrete, tile or composition roofing. Every building built flush with the prop- erty line on any street or alley, shall be provided with metallic water conductors, of sufficient capacity to convey all surface drainage from the roof to the street or alley gutter. Such water conductors shall be extended from the building below the surface of the sidewalk and shall not extend beyond the curb line of the street. Section 47. SKYLIGHTS. Skylight frames on buildings of Class "A" construction shall be constructed entirely of metal and all joints riveted with tinner's rivets, and all such skylights shall be glazed with wire glass not less than one-fourth (%) inch thick and no light therein shall be larger than sixteen (16) inches by seventy-two (72) inches. Section 48. CORNICES. No cornice construction on a class "A" building shall exceed in width one (1) inch for each foot in height of the building from the level of the first floor of such building to the outer edge of such cornice, but in no case shall such cornice exceed five (5) feet in width. (For construction see Section 118.) Section 49. Every apartment or room containing a water closet or urinal shall be ventilated by means of a window or vent shaft opening directly into the open air. The area of such window or vent shaft shall not be less than three (3) square feet. PART VI. CLASS "B" BUILDINGS. Section 50. DEFINITION AND LIMIT OF HEIGHT. Class "B" buildings shall not exceed one hundred (100) feet in height, which shall be divided into not more than eight stories, the exterior walls and piers of which shall be constructed of masonry, or of masonry and steel, and all interior loads (except those bearing on exterior walls), shall be carried to the foundations by columns and girders of iron or steel or masonry. (For thickness of walls see Sections 100 to 115 in- clusive.) All wooden joists, furring, studding or soffits of stairs shall be metal lathed and plastered, except that the under side of mezzanine floors need not be lathed and plastered when the joists are left ex- posed. No studding shall have less than 2x4 inches cross section. Section 51. FOUNDATIONS. See Sections 95 to 99 inclusive. For chimneys see Sections 128 to 134 inclusive. Section 52. STRUCTURAL METAL. Every beam and all columns in Class "B" buildings shall be fireproof ed as follows: They shall be entirely covered with two (2) inches of well burned brick or tile, laid in cement mortar or concrete, built in solid to the metal. The extreme outer edges of lugs, brackets and similar supporting metal shall be covered with at least one (1) inch of the fireproofing. Steel girders over window openings not carrying over five hundred (500) pounds per running foot and not loaded beyond a factor of safety of six (6) need not be fireproofed on the under side. Structural steel in mezzanine floors need not be fireproofed. All steel girders support- ing masonry shall be anchored into the walls of the building for a dis- tance of not less than eighteen inches; said anchor shall be of flat steel or iron with a cross section of not less than three-eighths of an inch by one and one-half inch, and shall be securely riveted to or hooked over the top flange of said girder and shall be turned up at the oppo- site end for a distance of not less than four inches. In buildings of Class "B," girders shall be anchored to the walls and fastened to each other so as to make a continuous tie from wall to wall. In buildings of Class "B" which are more than three stories in height, the floors of which are designed to sustain a load of more than 150 pounds per square foot, bond iron at least three inches by one-fourth inch shall be placed under each joist at its wall bearings. Said bond iron shall run continuously around the building and must be lock-jointed and anchored at each angle. 20 Section 53. CONSTRUCTION OF FLOORS. In buildings of Class Floor Construction "B," all floors, ceiling and roof joists may be of wood, or the floors may be constructed of reinforced concrete, or reinforced hollow terra cotta Concrete blocks, or of both, and shall be made to sustain the floor loads in ac- i^oad Tests cordance with Section 147. The contractor or owner shall make load tests on any part of a reinforced structure, whether it be reinforced concrete or whether it be reinforced hollow terra cotta blocks, or a combination of both reinforced concrete and reinforced terra cotta blocks; such test shall be made whenever the Building Inspector deems When necessary, and any floors of the above mentioned construction shall sustain a load of twice that for which it is designed, without any sign of failure, and in the case of beams, girders and floors, without de- flecting more than one seven-hundredth of the span. If of wood, every floor shall be constructed in either of two ways as follows: (a) It shall be composed of two layers of flooring each of which Wood shall be not less than %inch thick, with two layers of asbestos be- tween the layers of such flooring. There shall be placed immediately on top of the lower layer of flooring one sheet of waterproof paper. The waterproof paper must be turned up at least 2 inches where it_ comes in contact with the walls or any fixture or structural part of same passing through floor. Both the waterproof paper and the two thicknesses of asbestos paper must extend over the entire area solid up to all fixtures and structural parts of such building which pass through the floors and between furring strips. (b) Or the flooring may be constructed with a layer of 2-inch tongued and grooved planking and a layer of 1-inch flooring with a layer of waterproof paper between such layers of planking and floor- ing. Mezzanine floors, where joists are left exposed, may be con- Mezzanine structed of a single layer of matched flooring. No mezzanine floors shall be more than 70% of the area of the main floor. All joist anchors in such building shall be of three-fourths inch Joist Anchors round iron at least three feet long, with three-fourths inch by ten inch "T" head or six by six iron washer, not less than three-eighths inch thick; such head or washer shall be not more than four inches from the outside face of the wall and shall pass through the wall where pos- TO Brick wails sible. The inner ends of anchors shall be turned down two inches and shall be securely tied to the beam or joist at the side in such a way as to make the anchor self-releasing. The inner ends of joists shall be spiked for continuous tie. When joists run approximately parallel with adjoining brick walls, said walls shall be anchored to each tier of joists above the first floor with anchors reaching back through or hooking over the fourth joist. Said last mentioned joists shall be strutted in such way as to combine the four joists into a truss with Joists strutted the heads of struts close to the anchors and the foot of struts close to cross walls or partitions. Anchors shall be not more than six feet apart in all walls and at every tier of joists above the first tier. Steel wrought or metallic iron stirrups of proper size shall be used to support all header joists from trimmers and all tail joists from headers, in addition to which all joists so hung shall be thoroughly spiked together. The load at the bearing of floor joists on their sup- i, ad at Bearing ports shall not exceed four hundred pounds to the square inch. The header beam carrying the tail beams of a floor, and supporting the Header Beam trimmer arch in front of a fireplace, shall be not less than twenty inches from the chimney breast. Every girder or truss shall have a bearing of not less than eight inches, and joists not less than four Bearing on Wails inches, on masonry walls. All headers and trimmers shall be of such size that the strength of the floor shall be uniform. Where joists or beams rest on masonry walls the ends of such joists and beams must be beveled at least three inches in twelve, at the ends resting on such walls. Floor lights used for transmission of light to floors below, shall be Floor constructed of metal frames, and bars or plates, or approved reinforced concrete frames, and any light of glass therein exceeding in area six- teen square inches shall be provided with a mesh of wire either in the glass or under the same and the floor lights shall be of the same pro- 21 Bridging Spaces Between Joists Stud Partition Fire Stops Chimney Breast Stairways To Roof Additional Stairways In Public Halls, Factories Basement for Storage Doors Construction of Doors Basement to Display Goods portional strength as the floors in which they are placed. (For Strength of Materials see Sections 145 to 149 inclusive.) Section 54. BRIDGING. In buildings of Class "B" all wood joists shall have at least one row of 2x3 or 1x4 inch cross bridging to each seven feet of span. All spaces between joists shall be blocked solid at each bearing partition with blocks not less than two inches thick and of the full height of the joists with the grain horizontal. Each stud partition shall have two-inch bridging the full width of the studs at the floor and ceiling and one row of two-inch bridging between the floor and the ceiling, provided, however, that where two- inch plates the full width of studs are used at the floor and ceiling, bridging at the floor and ceiling shall not be required. Furred masonry walls shall be provided with fire stops at each floor and intermediate between the floors. When chimney breast is furred out, the space between the chimney and the breast shall be closd at the floor and ceiling levels with fireproof material. Section 55. STAIRWAYS. Buildings of Class "B" shall have one main interior stairway, not less than four feet wide, from the first to the topmost story, but in no case shall there be less than two interior stairways from the top floor to the second floor in any building having more than six thousand square feet of second floor area. Every build- ing shall have at least one interior stairway removed not less than ten feet from any elevator shaft or open wellhole, and one interior stair- way to the roof. Every building of Class "B" having more than 11,000 square feet of floor area on each floor shall have one additional interior stairway, not less than four feet wide, from the first to the second story, and one ad- ditional such stairway for each additional 10,000 square feet to such floor area or fractional part thereof from the first to the second floor. Every building of Class "B" having more than 11,000 square feet of floor area on each floor shall have one additional interior stairway, not less than four feet wide, from the second to the topmost story, and one additional such stairway for each additional 5000 square feet to such floor area or fractional part thereof. (For assembly rooms and halls see Section 24.) (For factory purposes see Section 74.) (Same as for store purposes Class "C" buildings.) Stairways from the first story to any basement or portion thereof occupied only for storage or for the maintenance of service for the building, shall be constructed of fireproof material throughout and shall be closed at some point with a tight partition constructed of fire- proof material throughout, containing no glass other than wired glass not less than one-fourth of an inch thick. All doors in such partitions shall be constructed in conformity with the following specifications: Such doors shall be constructed of two thicknesses of matched redwood boards. Such boards shall not be over six inches wide at right angles to each other, or crossing diagonally, nailed with wire nails clinched, and covered on both sides and on all edges with sheet tin not more than fourteen inches by twenty inches in size, joined with lock joint and nailed to the woodwork; nails to be driven inside the lap and the joints hammered down over the nail heads. No solder shall be used. The hinges, bolts and latches of such doors shall be secured or fastened to the door or shutter after the tin has been nailed on. No door shall be less than one and three-fourths inches in thickness. If such stairway, from the first story to the basement is entirely enclosed with a tight partition constructed of fireproof material throughout, con- taining no glass other than wired glass not less than one-fourth of an inch thick, such stairway need not be constructed of fireproof material throughout. Every basement used, or intended to be used, for the exhibition of goods, wares or merchandise, or for the sale thereof, at retail, shall be provided with at least one stairway not less than five feet in width for every 5000 square feet, or fractional part thereof, of floor area of such basement. Each such stairway shall be constructed without winders, and shall have a hand rail on each side thereof. Such stairways shall be as far removed from each other as practicable and the width of the 22 main aisles leading thereto shall be not less than the full width of such stairway or stairways. Section 56. ELEVATORS, DUMB WAITERS AND CHUTES. All Passenger passenger elevators in buildings of Class "B" shall be enclosed in a Elevators shaft having a covered top; said shaft shall extend from the basement floor to at least eighteen feet above the highest floor reached by the car, or not less than three (3) feet above the roof. The walls of such shafts shall be of brick, tile, concrete or of wood Shafts studs having fire stops the width of studs and not less than two inches thick at each floor and once between floors, such studs shall be metal lathed on both sides and plastered three-fourths of an inch thick; or such shaft may be enclosed with wired glass not less than one-fourth inch thick set in metal frames and sash. All doors to such shafts shall be constructed of metal or metal Doors covered wood; any glass in doors or shaft walls shall be wired glass not less than one-fourth of an inch thick set in metal or metal covered sash and frame. The room containing the elevator machinery shall be of the same construction as required for the above mentioned elevator shaft. Every dumb waiter, chute or other shaft, cutting through from Dumb waiter floor to floor, shall be of the same class of construction as required for Shafts passenger elevator shafts, or may be of metal or metal lined where too small to plaster, and all openings to such shafts or chutes shall be pro- vided with metal* doors. Such doors shall be metal lined. (*Word ''metal" should have been omitted.) If a freight elevator is placed in a shaft the shaft shall be con- Freight Elevator structed as provided for shafts for passenger elevators. In case a Shaft freight elevator is not enclosed, trap doors shall be provided at each floor, which doors shall be automatic, or shall be held open by fusible links attached thereto and so arranged as to fall shut when the link is fused, and shall be covered with lock jointed tin on the under side and edges. Every freight elevator constructed or operated in any building shall be enclosed in a shaft above the second story of such building. Every freight elevator constructed or operated in any building below the third story thereof, need not be enclosed in a shaft. Where fusible Fusible Links links are used, the openings in the floors shall be protected by railings and gates not iess than three feet in height. Section 57. LIGHT COURTS. In every building of Class "B" the interior Light walls of every interior light court the floor or ground area of which Courts exceeds sixty square feet, shall be constructed of masonry of the con- struction provided for curtain walls (See Section 104), or of walls car- ried on steel beams supported by columns at the several floors and such walls shall be of tile, brick or reinforced concrete not less than four inches thick. Walls of light courts, constructed of brick or hollow tile blocks laid in cement mortar having face areas which exceed 144 square feet, shall be reinforced with expanded metal at least every two feet in height for the full thickness of the wall. Interior light courts of sixty square feet or less, if not constructed Less than Sixty of brick, reinforced concrete or hollow tile blocks, shall be lined with Sq. Ft. in Area tight boarding having vertical stripping, and shall be metal lathed and plastered with three-fourths of an inch of hard plaster. Exterior light courts breaking not more than eight feet into the Exterior Light building, shall be of the construction provided for curtain walls. (See Courts Section 104.) If such exterior light courts break more than eight feet into the building, the walls thereof may be constructed of brick or concrete not less than eight inches thick and carried on steel or iron or reinforced concrete beams at each floor, or the walls may be the same as curtain walls. (See Section 104.) Bearing walls shall be constructed as pro- vided in Section 101. Section 58. ROOFS. Rafters in buildings of Class "B" shall be Roofs placed not more than thirty-two inches apart from center to center, and shall be covered with boarding not less than seven-eighths of an inch thick. All roof boarding shall be covered with tin, copper or with felt and asphaltum covered with gravel, or with fire-resisting composi- in Fire District tion in Fire District No. 1. Outside Fire District No. 1 other composi- NO. i 23 tion roofing may be used, except on factory buildings. For cornices, gutters or appendages for Class "B" buildings, see Section 118. Roof Drainage Every building, built flush with the property line on any street or alley, shall be provided with metallic water conductors, of sufficient capacity to convey all surface drainage from the roof to the street or alley gutter. Such water conductors shall be extended from the build- ing below the surface of the sidewalk and shall not extend beyond the curb line of the street. Roof spaces Section 59. ROOF SPACES. The space between the ceiling of the top story and the roof of buildings of Class "B" shall be divided by tight partitions of one-inch redwood, or metal lath and plaster sup- ported with metal studs into sections each having an area not exceed- ing two thousand and five hundred square feet. All openings in said par- tition shall have doors of similar construction which shall be self closing. Skylights Section 60. SKYLIGHTS. Skylight frames in buildings of Class "B" other than dwellings shall be constructed entirely of metal, and all joints riveted with tinner's rivets. All skylights shall be glazed with wire glass not less than one-fourth of an inch thick, and no light therein shall be larger than sixteen inches by seventy-two inches. Ventilation of Section 61. VENTILATION OF WATER CLOSETS AND URI- Water closets NALS. Every apartment or room containing a water closet or urinal and Urinals shall be ventilated by means of a window or vent shaft opening direct- ly into the open air. The area of such window or vent shaft shall not be less than three (3) square feet. PART VII. Class "C" CLASS "C" BUILDINGS. Definition and Section ..62. DEFINITION AND LIMIT OF HEIGHT. Class "C". Limit of Height buildings shall include every building having its outside walls of ma- sonry or reinforced concrete (for thickness of walls see Sections 100 to 115 inclusive), wherein all floors and internal loads are not wholly car- ried and transmitted to the foundations by metal columns and girders, or by reinforced concrete or masonry. Height No building of Class "C" shall exceed in height eighty-five feet, and the number of stories thereof shall not exceed six, exclusive of basements. Foundations and Section 63. FOUNDATIONS. (See Sections 95 to 99 inclusive. chimneys For chimneys see Sections 128 to 134 inclusive.) Construction Section 64. CONSTRUCTION. In buildings of Class "C," of either Joists and five or six stories in height, all joists below the upper four stories shall studs be supported by steel, iron or masonry. Bearing partitions in the up- per two stories of such buildings shall have studs not less than 2x4 inches, and the bearing studs of all stories below the upper two stories shall be not less than 2x6 inches. Girders Section 65. STEEL GIRDERS. Every steel girder used in the construction of any building, the length whereof exceeds twenty feet, or whose vertical depth is twenty-four inches or more, shall be fire- proofed in the manner in this ordinance provided for fire-proofing girders in buildings of Class "A." Anchors and Ties Section 66. ANCHORS AND TIES FOR STEEL GIRDERS. All steel girders supporting masonry shall be anchored into the walls of the building for a distance of not less than eighteen inches; said anchor shall be of flat steel or iron with a cross section of not less than three-eights of an inch by one and one-half inches, and shall be securely riveted to or hooked over the top flange of said girder and shall be turned up at the opposite end for a distance of not less than four inches. All such anchors from steel or iron girders to wooden girders shall be of not less than one-half inch by two-inch iron, and shall extend not less than three feet on the wood, and shall be turned down not less than two inches into the wood at the ends and shall be securely fastened. When the wood girder is of less than eight inches, vertical height, the cross section above specified for the anchor may be reduced one-half in all its parts. If the connecting girder be of metal, then proper standard connections shall unite the beams and girders, so as to form a satisfactory tie. 24 Section 67. ANCHORS, STRAPS, TIES AND STIRRUPS. In build- Anchors, Straps, ings of Class "C," girders shall be anchored to the walls and fastened Girder Anchors to each other so as to make a continuous tie from wall to wall. The beams may be united by suitable iron straps of not less than one-fourth by one and one-fourth inch area of cross section, turned into the girders and spiked or bolted so as to develop the strength of the tie; or such joint may be lapped and spiked together so as to form a continuous tie. The ends of anchors may be in the form of iron or steel plates with lugs turned up into the beam and down at least four inches into the masonry at a point not more than four inches from the outer faces of the wall; or such anchors may be three-fourths inch anchors as here- after required for joists. All joist anchors in such building shall be of- Joist Anchors three-fourths inch round iron at least three feet long, with three- fourths inch by ten inch "T" head or six by six inch iron washer, not less than three-eighths inch thick; such head or washer shall be not more than four inches from the.outside face of the wall and shall pass through the wall where possible. The inner ends of anchors shall be turned down two inches and shall be securely tied to the beam or joist at the side in such a way as to make the anchor self-releasing. The inner ends of joists shall be spiked for continuous tie. When joists run approximately parallel with adjoining brick walls, said walls shall be anchored to erach tier of joists above the first floor with anchors reaching back through or hooking over the fourth joist. Said last mentioned joists shall be strutted in such way as to combine the struts four joists into a truss with the heads of struts close to the anchors and the foot of struts close to cross walls or partitions. Anchors shall be not more than six feet apart in all walls and at every tier of joists above the first tier. Steel, wrought or malleable iron stirrups of proper size shall be stirrups used to support all header joists from trimmers and all tail joists from headers, in addition to which all joists so hung shall be thoroughly spiked together. .. v Section 68. BEARING OF JOISTS AND BOND IRON. The load Bond Iron at the bearing of floor joists on their supports shall not exceed four hundred pounds to the square inch. In buildings of Class "C," which are more than three stories in height, the floors of which are designed to sustain a load of more than 150 pounds per square foot, bond iron at least three inches by one- fourth inch shall be placed under each joist at its wall bearings. Said bond iron shall run continuously around the building and must be lock- jointed and anchored at each angle. Section 69. BRIDGING, (a) In buildings of Class "C" all wood Bridging joists shall have at least one row of 2x3 inch or 1x4 inch cross bridg- ing to each seven feet of span. (b) All spaces between joists shall be blocked solid at each bear- Bearing Partitions ing partition with blocks not less than two inches thick and of the full Blocked height of the joists with the grain horizontal. (c) Each stud wall and partition shall have a two-inch (2") shoe Shoes and Plates at the bottom and two two-inch (2") plates at the top the full width of the stud. All studs shall be set so the joists will come over them. (d) All stud walls and partitions shall have two-inch (2") bridging rir e stops the full width of stud about half way between floor and ceiling. (e) In buildings of Class "C," more than two stories in height in M * al Lath and which the upper stories are divided in whole or in part into rooms, the Piaster under side of the second floor joists and the soffits of all stairs, shall U8ed where? be metal lathed and plastered and all joists and studs below said sec- ond floor shall be similarly protected. (f) In all buildings of Class "C," four or more stories in height, the ceiling of every cellar or basement the beams and joists of which are of wood, shall be lathed with metal lath and plastered, except that the under side of mezzanine floors need not be lathed and plastered when the joists are left exposed. (g) Furred masonry walls shall be provided with fire stops at Furred Masonry each floor and intermediate between the floors. When chimney breast Walls is furred out, the space between the chimney and the breast shall be chimney Breasts closed at the floor and ceiling levels with fireproofing material. 25 interior Light Section 70. LIGHT COURTS. In every building of Class "C" the Courts walls of every interior light court the floor or ground area of which Wails exceeds sixty square feet shall be constructed of masonry, or of the construction provided for curtain walls (see Section 104), or of walls carried on steel beams supported by columns at the several floors and such walls shall be of tile, brick or reinforced concrete not less than four inches thick. Walls of light courts constructed of brick or hollow tile blocks laid in cement mortar having face areas which exceed 144 square feet, shall be reinforced with expanded metal at least every two feet in height for the full thickness of the wall. Light Courts Interior light courts of sixty square feet or less of area, if not con- sixty Sq. rt. or structed of brick, reinforced concrete or hollow tile blocks, shall be Less in Area lined with tight boarding having vertical stripping, and shall be metal lathed and plastered with three-fourths of an inch of hard plaster. Exterior Light Exterior light courts breaking not more than eight feet into the Courts building, shall be of the construction provided for curtain walls. (Sec- tion 104.) If such exterior light courts break more than eight feet into the building, the walls thereof shall be constructed of brick or concrete not less than eight inches thick and carried on steel or iron or rein- forced concrete beams at each floor, or the walls may be the same as curtain walls. (See Section 104.) Bearing walls shall be constructed as provided in Section 101. Floor construction Section 71. FLOORS. In buildings of Class "C" over two stories in height, all floors shall be constructed of two layers of seven-eighths inch flooring with two thicknesses of asbestos paper between said lay- ers, mezzanine floors, where joists are left exposed, may be constructed of a single layer of matched flooring. The floors and interior construc- tion of a Class "C" building may be of Mill Construction. (See Sec- tion 94.) The header beam carrying the tail beams of a floor, and support- ing the trimmer arch in front of a fireplace, shall be not less than twenty inches from the chimney breast. Every girder or truss shall have a bearing of not less than eight inches, and joists not less than four inches, on masonry walls. All headers and trimmers shall be of such size that the strength of the floor shall be uniform. Beams Bearing on Where joists or beams rest on masonry walls the ends of such Masonry Walls joists and beams must be beveled at least three inches in twelve, at the end resting on such walls. Floor Lights Floor lights, used lor transmission of light to floors below, shall be constructed of metal frames and bars or plates, or approved reinforced concrete frames, and any light of glass therein exceeding in area six- teen square inches shall be provided with a mesh of wire either in the glass or under the same and the floor lights shall be of the same pro- portional strength as the floors in which they are placed. (For strength of materials see Sections 145 to 149 inclusive.) Hollow Terra Section 72. HOLLOW TERRA COTTA FLOORS. In buildings of Cotta Floors Class "C" where hollow terra cotta blocks are used for bearing parti- tions, the floors may be constructed of reinforced concrete, or rein- forced hollow terra cotta blocks, or of both, and shall be made to sus- tain the floor loads in accordance with and as required by Section 147 Load Tests of this Code. The contractor or owner shall make load tests on any part of a reinforced structure, whether it be reinforced concrete or whether it be reinforced hollow terra cotta blocks, or a combination of both reinforced concrete and reinforced terra cotta blocks; such test shall be made whenever the Building Inspector deems necessary, and any floors of the above mentioned construction shall sustain a load of twice that for which it is designed, without any sign of failure, and in the case of beams, girders and floors, without deflecting more than one seven-hundredth of the span. Hollow Terra Section 73. HOLLOW TERRA COTTA PARTITIONS AND Cotta Partitions FLOORS. Interior bearing partitions of Class "C" buildings may be of and Floors hollow terra cotta blocks, and such partition shall be constructed in Bearing Partitions accordance with the following table as to thickness, and laid up and bonded as hereinafter described. The thickness of hollow terra cotta blocks bearing partitions in Class "C" buildings shall be as follows: 26 (The numerals at the head of the several columns indicate the story and the inches shown in the column demote the thickness of the wall) : Height of Basement or Building. Cellar Wall. 123456 One Story 8 in. thick 6 in. Two Story 8 in. thick 6 in. 6 in. Three Story 12 in. thick 8 in. 6 in. 6 in. Four Story 12 in. thick 8 in. 8 in. 6 in. 6 in. Five Story 16 in. thick 12 in. 8 in. 8 in. 6 in. 6 in. Six Story 16 in. thick 12 in. 12 in. Sin. Sin. 6 in. 6 in. Hollow terra cotta blocks non-bearing partitions shall not exceed the following: 6" partitions, 20' 0" high. 4" partitions, 16' 0" high. 3" partitions, 12' 0" high. Three-inch hollow terra cotta blocks may be used for the construe- Closets and tion of closets and vent shafts, if reinforced with metal lath or three- Vent Shafts mesh hardware cloth in each horizontal joint. Hollow terra cotta blocks used for bearing walls and partitions in Wails buildings two or more stories in height must be built on their ends, and reinforced with metal lath or three-mesh hardware cloth one inch narrower than the thickness of the wall. This metal fabric shall be spread on each horizontal bed the full length of the wall and doubled at each corner. After the reinforcing metal is in place the entire surface of each course of the wall shall be covered completely with Portland Cement mortar, mixed in the proportion of three parts of lime mortar, to one part of Portland Cement. The tile in interior bearing partitions shall be so bonded together that the vertical webs on each course will come directly over each other through the entire wall. No party or Hollow Terra division wall shall be constructed of hollow terra cotta blocks, and Cotta n no hollow terra cotta blocks shall be carried on any wood beam, girder Wood Bea* or post. (For hollow terra cotta walls of buildings see Section 116.) Section 74. STAIRWAYS. Buildings of Class "C" shall have one stairways main interior stairway, not less than four feet wide, from the first to the topmost story, but in no case shall there be less than two interior stairways Irom the top floor to the second floor in any building having more than 6000 square feet of second floor area. Every building shall have at least one interior stairway removed not less than ten feet from any elevator shaft or open well-hole, and one interior stairway to the roof. Every building of Class "C" having more than 10,000 square feet of Additional floor area on each floor shall have one additional interior stairway, not stairways less than four feet wide, from the first to the topmost story, and one ad- ditional such stairway for each additional 5000 square feet of such floor area or fractional part thereof. Buildings of Class "C" used, or in- tended or designed to be used for store purposes above the first floor, shall be equipped with interior stairways to the second floor the same as above the second floor. Stairways from the first story to any basement or portion thereof s to ra e Basement in such building, used for storage only, or for the maintenance of serv- ice for the building, shall be closed at some point with a tight partition and door, containing no glass other than wired g'ass not less than one- fourth of an inch thick. Every basement used, or intended to be used, for the exhibition of Display Basement goods, wares or merchandise, or for the sale thereof, at retail, shall be provided with at least one stairway not less than five feet in width for every thousand square feet, or fractional part thereof, of floor area of such basement. Each such stairway shall be constructed without winders, and shall have a hand rail on each side thereof. Such stair- ways shall be as far removed from each other as practicable and the width of the main aisles leading thereto shall be not less than the full width of such stairway or stairways. (For Assembly Room and Halls Hails and see Section 24.) (For Factory Purposes same as Store Purposes.) Factories 27 Elevator Shafts Walls Door Dumb Waiter Freight Elevators Trap Doors Shaft Railing or Gates Hoofs Covering in Fife District No. 1 Drainage Roof Spaces Skylights Ventilation of Water Closets and Urinals Section 75. ELEVATORS, DUMB WAITERS AND CHUTES. All passenger elevators in buildings of Class "C" shall be enclosed in a shaft having a covered top; said shaft shall extend from the basement floor to at least eighteen feet above the highest floor reached by the car, or not less than three (3) feet above the roof. The walls of such shaft shall be of brick, tile, concrete or of wood studs having fire stops the width of studs and not less than two inches thick at each floor and once between floors, such studs shall be metal lathed on both sides and plastered three-fourths of an inch thick; or such shaft may be enclosed with wired glass not less than one-fourth inch thick set in metal frames and sash. All doors to sucn shafts shall be constructed of metal or metal cov- ered wood; any glass in doors or shaft walls shall be wired glass not less than one-fourth of an inch thick set in metal or metal covered sash and frame. The room containing the elevator machinery shall be of the same construction as required for the above mentioned elevator shaft. Every dumb waiter, chute or other shaft, cutting through from floor to floor, shall be of the same class of construction as required for passenger elevator shafts, or may be of metal or metal lined where too small to plaster, and all openings to such shafts or chutes shall be pro- vided with metal* doors, such doors to be metal lined. (*Word "metal" should have been omitted.) If a freight elevator is placed in a shaft the shaft shall be con- structed as provided for shafts for passenger elevators. In case a freight elevator is not enclosed, trap doors shall be provided at each floor, which doors shall be automatic, or shall be held open by fusible links attached thereto and so arranged as to fall shut when the link is fused, and shall be covered with lock jointed tin on the under side and edges. Every freight elevator constructed or operated in any building below the third story thereof, need not be enclosed in a shaft. Every freight elevator constructed or operated in any building shall be en- closed in a shaft above the second story of such building. Where fusi- ble links are used, the openings in the floors shall be protected by rail- ings and gates not less than three feet in height. Section 76. ROOFS. Rafters in buildings of Class "C" shall be placed not more than thirty-two (32) inches apart from center to cen- ter, and shall be covered with boarding not less than seven-eighths of an inch thick. (Except as provided for Mill Construction see Section 94.) All roof boarding shall be covered with tin, copper or with felt and asphaltum covered with gravel, or with other fire-resisting compo- sition in Fire District No. 1. Outside Fire District No. 1 other compo- sition roofing may be used, except on factory buildings. For cornices, gutters or appendages for Class "C" buildings, see Section 118. Every building built flush with the property line on any street or alley shall be provided with metallic water conductors of sufficient capacity to convey all surface drainage from the roof to the street or alley gutter. Such water conductors shall be extended from the build- ing below the surface of the sidewalk and shall not extend beyond the curb line of the street. Section 77. ROOF SPACES. The space between the ceiling of the top story and the roof of buildings of Class "C" shall be divided by tight partitions of one-inch redwood, or metal lath and plaster sup- ported with metal studs, into sections each having an area not exceed- ing two thousand and five hundred square feet. All openings in said partitions shall have doors of similar construction which shall be self- closing. Section 78. SKYLIGHTS. Skylight frames on buildings of Class "C" construction shall be constructed entirely of metal, and all joints riveted with tinner's rivets. All such skylights shall be glazed with wire glass not less than one-fourth ( 14 ) inch thick, and no light therein shall be larger than sixteen (16) inches by seventy-two (72) inches. Section 79. VENTILATION OF WATER CLOSETS AND URINALS. Every apartment or room containing a water closet or urinal shall be ventilated by means of a window or vent shaft opening directly into the open air. The area of such window or vent shaft shall not be less than three (3) square feet. 28 PART VIII. CLASS "D" BUILDINGS Class "D" Section 80. DEFINITION, CONSTRUCTION AND LIMIT OF Definition and HEIGHT. Class "D" buildings shall include every building not in- Limit of Height eluded in Classes ""A," "B," or "C." Class "D" buildings shall not exceed fifty feet in height nor contain Height more than four stories. The exterior walls of Class "D" buildings over three stories in Exterior Wails height shall have their exterior sheathed with boards not less than seven-eighths of an inch thick. All exterior and bearing walls below sidewalk level at the highest point of the sidewalk adjacent to said buildings .shall be constructed of masonry except that interior parti- tions may be constructed of studding covered with metal lath and plaster. Section 81. CLASSIFICATION. Every building or structure here- Classification tofore erected or constructed which does not conform to the provisions of this ordinance relating to construction, material or requirements of buildings of Class "A," "B," or "C" construction shall, for the purpose of this ordinance, be deemed and considered a building or structure of Class "D." Section 82. FOUNDATIONS. All buildings of Class '"D" shall Foundations have foundation walls of masonry; the foundation wall, if of brick, shall not be less than eight inches thick, and shall have a footing not less than twelve inches wide. If such foundation wall is of concrete, it shall be not less than six inches thick and have a footing not less than twelve inches wide and not less than five (5) inches thick. Buildings two stories in height shall have a masonry foundation or cellar wall TWO stories not less than eight inches thick, and shall have a footing course not less than sixteen inches wide, and not less than five inches thick. Build- ings over two stories in height shall have foundation or cellar walls over TWO stories not less than twelve inches thick, if such wall is of concrete, it shall not be less than ten (10) inches thick and have a footing not less than eighteen (18) inches wide and not less than six (6) inches thick. The thickness of concrete foundation walls shall in no case be less Thickness of than one (1) inch for each foot in height or fractional part thereof, and Concrete the footing shall be increased one (1) inch in width for each foot of in- Foundation crease of height of said wall, except that walls need not be increased in thickness at the top, but may be battered from the required thickness at the bottom to the top. If the foundation walls are of brick, they shall be increased in Thickness of thickness for increased height as follows: An eight-inch wall shall be Brick Foundation increased four inches in thickness for every additional eight feet in height below the top eight feet. A twelve-inch wall shall be increased four inches in thickness for every additional eight feet in height, below the top twelve feet. The depth of foundations of Class "D" buildings shall be according Depth of to the following schedule, unless in the judgment of the Building In- Foundation spector, a greater depth is necessary, or a lesser depth sufficient, in which case they can be changed with his approval. For one-story buildings, not less than one foot below the natural One story surface of the ground. For two-story buildings, not less than one foot six inches below the TWO stories natural surface of the ground. For three or four-story buildings, not less than two and one-half Three and Four feet below the natural surface of the ground. stories In no case snail the finished grade be less than eight (8) inches Grading, when above the bottom of the foundation or less than two (2) inches below Done the top of the loundation. If the finished grade comes within eight inches of the top, or twelve inches of the bottom of any foundation, the grading shall be done before the final inspection is made. Except that* (a) Dwellings not exceeding $750.00 in cost may be isolated Piers built on isolated pier foundations, (b) Additions to old buildings not Existing- having a masonry foundation may be built on isolated piers. Any ex- Foundations isting building. which has the greater proportion of its foundations walls 29 of masonry, shall be deemed to have a masonry foundation for the pur- pose of this section. Porch Foundations (c) In new and old work, porches may have a foundation of iso- lated piers, when the main building has a masonry wall. Size of Piers The piers mentioned in paragraphs (a), (b) and (c) shall not be less than twelve inches square at the bottom and not less than twelve inches below the natural surface of the ground. Buildings with Garages and outbuildings, not exceeding $250.00 in cost, and build- no studding ings built without studding, may have isolated pier foundations, such piers resting on top of the natural surface of the ground. Piers shall be spaced not more than five feet apart under 4x4 sills, and when the space is increase, the size of the sills must be increased in proportion, and no woodwork shall come within two inches of the ground. Posts in Ground NOTE Where posts are placed in the ground for shed construc- tion, they shall be waterproofed and surrounded by not less than four inches of concrete on the sides and bottom. Curtain Wail on In porches having a floor resting on piers, placed under all weights Ground or supports above the floor and extending to the proper depth and to the under side of the floor, a curtain wall may be built between the piers not less than four inches thick and resting on the ground. Concrete, not CONCRETE NOT REINFORCED. Concrete for foundations shall Reinforced be made of at least one part cement, two and one-half parts sand and Foundation four and one-half parts clean, broken stone of such size as to pass Formulae through a two-inch ring, or clean, coarse gravel containing not more than 40% sand and not larger than will pass through a 2-inch ring may be used in place of sand and broken stone; said gravel to be mixed, as provided for local wash gravel. The cement, sand and stone or gravel shall be measured and thoroughly mixed as hereinafter provided in Sec- tion 209. Provided that, for dwellings not over two stories in height concrete for foundations may be made as follows: A mixture of gravel and sand as obtained from the local washes if clean (not containing more than 10% of loam or clay) may be used instead of sand and broken stone and shall be mixed not to exceed eight parts of gravel and sand to one part of cement. This gravel shall be accurately measured in a wooden frame, the cement added and the whole mass turned twice, then just enough water added to make cement stick to stone, and Sand Screened turned again. The Building Inspector may require the gravel to be screened to remove sand should there be too much and too fine sand in the gravel. Masonry Wails Section 83. MASONRY WALLS. For Chimneys see Sections 128 and Chimney to 134 inclusive. For brick walls see Sections 100 to 115 inclusive. Artificial stone see Section 115. Terra cotta walls and partitions see Section 116. Reinforced concrete, see Sections 194 to 214 inclusive. Veneering Section 84. VENEERING. No veneering of brick, stone or terra cotta on any frame building shall exceed twenty-five feet in height from the ground level, exclusive of gables; and all veneered structures must be sheathed solid with one-inch boards. Veneering shall not be less than four inches in thickness, and shall be built on a solid foundation wall not less than twelve inches thick. Veneering Bond All veneer facings of brick shall be bonded by metal ties in the form of staples one-eighth of an inch in diameter, or twenty penny spikes in each third course, spikes to be sixteen (16) inches on centers, and to be driven in the studs. Veneer Facings All veneer facings of stone, terra cotta and cement stone shall be bonded by metal ties in the form of staples not less than one-fourth of an inch in diameter, or thirty penny spikes in each course, spikes to be sixteen (16) inches on centers. studding Section 85. STUDDING. All buildings of Class "D" one and two TWO stories or stories in height shall have 2x4 studs. Buildings higher than two sto- More ries shall have 2x6 studs below the upper two stories. Non-bearing partitions, not more than twelve feet in height, shall have studs of di- On story mensions not less than 2x3 inches. In one-story dwellings, having studs of not more than twelve feet in length, the studs shall be not less 30 than 2x3 inches. Except that one-story buildings and outbuildings in California connection with the same, containing not exceeding 1200 square feet of Construction floor space, may be built without studding providing no space above the first floor is used for any purpose; the walls and partitions of such buildings to be not less than seven-eight inch boarding placed on end and well nailed. Tent houses, i. e., houses built with canvas walls or roof, and por- Tent Houses table houses shall be deemed as houses built without studding in the meaning of this section. It shall be unlawful to construct cloth or paper partitions or ceil- Cloth or Paper ings in any building in the City of Pasadena. Partitions, Etc. In buildings of ulass "D" more than two (2) stories in height in Metal Lath and which the lower story is used for store or industrial purposes and in Piaster, Used which the upper stories are divided in whole or in part into rooms, the Where? under side of the second floor joists and the soffits of all stairs shall be metal lathed and plastered and all joists and studs below said second floor shall be similarly protected. Each stud wall and partition shall have a two-inch (2") shoe at Shoes and Plates the bottom and two two-inch (2") plates at the top the full width or the stud. All studs shall be set so the joists will come over them. In one-story buildings one two-inch (2") plate may be used at the top. In two-story buildings one two-inch (2") plate may be used at the Two-inch Plate in top of the first story under the following conditions: Two-Story Bidg. 1st. That the second story have a double floor over the entire area. 2nd. That the studs ot the second story come directly over the studs of the lower story, and extend down to the single plate. 3rd. That the second floor joists are spiked to the side of the studding and where floor joists run parallel with stud walls or parti- tions, they shall be well spiked to every stud. Where it is impossible to bring floor joists side of studding, a block shall be spiked between the lower story studding under the joists to strengthen the plate. 4th. That there be a two-inch (2") fire stop cut in between the sec- ond story studs at the floor in all walls and partitions and at any other place to stop the draft. 5th. That all main partitions on the second floor shall come over the main partitions of the first floor and the studs shall run down to the single plate. 6th. That the outside walls shall be sheathed solid with not less than %-inch sheathing. Outside walls on the upper floor of any building over one story and studs for i%- not two stories in height may have 2x3 studding. story Buildings All spaces over partitions and under roofs shall have two-inch Spaces under (2") fire stops between the rafters. Roofs All stud walls and partitions shall have two-inch (2") bridging the Bridging full width of stud about half way between floor and ceiling. Any space around pipes, vents or shafts, where they pass through plates or floors, Space Around shall be stopped tight with two inches of wood or incombustible ma- Pipes, Etc. terial. No studding shall be placed against the wall of another building studs Against unless the said studding is sheathed with one-inch boards, close jointed, Another Building on the side thereof next to said adjacent building. All corners of Class "D" buildings shall have diagonal bracing in Corner Bracing the stud walls or partitions in each story and additional diagonal bracing shall be constructed in each stud wall or partition in each twenty-five feet of length thereof. Except that dwellings, the outer walls of which are sheathed solid Residence Bracing with not less than %-inch material, need not have diagonal bracing in the outer walls. In one-story dwellings, where no space above the first floor is used i-story Dwellings for other than storage purposes, the outer walls need not be braced. Section 86. FLOORS. All wood joists shall have at least one row Floors of 2x3 or 1x4 inch cross bridging to each seven feet of span. All spaces Gross Bridging between joists shall be blocked at each bearing, and over each bearing partition, except outer walls which are plastered or have masonry veneer with solid blocks not less than two inches thick and the full depth of the joists, with grain horizontal. The header beam carrying Header Beams the tail beams of a floor, and supporting the trimmer arch in front of a 31 Floor Construction Mud Sill Load Floor Lights Stairways Basement Stairways Elevators, Etc. Passenger Elevator Shafts Walls Inclosing Doors Metal Covered Dumb Waiter Freight Elevator Trap Doors fireplace, shall be not less than eighteen inches from the chimney breast. All headers, trimmers and girders shall be of such size that the strength of the floor shall be uniform. The floors of Class "D" buildings four stories in height shall be constructed of two layers of boards. Each of such layers shall be not less than seven-eighths of an inch in thickness. No mud sill shall be less than two inches by six inches cross sec- tion and each such sill shall be of redwood except that Oregon pine may be used on top of any concrete wall when over eight (8) inches above the ground. The load at the bearing and girders of floor joists on their sup- ports shall not exceed four hundred pounds to the square inch. (For strength of materials see Sections 145 to 149 inclusive.) Floor lights, used for transmission of lights to floors below, shall be constructed of metal frames and bars or plates or approved rein- forced concrete frames and any light of glass therein exceeding in area sixteen square inches shall be provided with a mesh of wire either in the glass or under the same and the floor lights shall be of the same proportional strength as the floors in which they are placed. Section 87. STAIRWAYS. All buildings of Class "D," other than dwellings, more than two stories in height, shall have at least one in- terior stairway not less than four feet wide, from the first story to the topmost story. Every such building containing more than 3000 square feet of second floor area shall have an additional such stairway for each additional 3000 square feet or fractional part thereof of second floor area. Every such building over two stories in height shall have at least one such stairway from the topmost story to the roof. Every such building two stories in height shall have at least one interior stairway not less than four feet in width from the first story to the topmost story thereof for each 4000 square feet or fractional part thereof of sec- ond floor space. Every basement used, or intended to be used, for the exhibition of goods, wares or merchandise, or for the sale thereof, at retail, shall be provided with at least one stairway not less than five feet in width for every 3000 square feet, or fractional part thereof, of floor area of such basement. Each such stairway shall be constructed without winders and shall have a hand rail on each side thereof. Section 88. ELEVATORS, DUMB WAITERS AND CHUTES. All passenger elevators in buildings of Class "D" shall be enclosed in a shaft having a covered top; said shaft shall extend from the basement floor to at least eighteen feet above the highest floor reached by the car, or not less than three (3) feet above the roof. The walls of such shaft shall be of brick, tile, concrete or of wood studs having fire stops the width of studs and not less than two inches thick at each floor and once between floors, such studs shall be metal lathed on both sides and plastered three-fourths of an inch thick; or such shaft may be enclosed with wired glass not less than one-fourth inch thick, set in metal frames and sash. All doors to such shafts shall be constructed of metal or metal covered wood; any glass in doors or shaft walls shall be wired glass not less than one-fourth of an inch thick set in metal or metal covered sash and frame. The room containing the elevator machinery shall be of the same construction as required for the above mentioned elevator shaft. Every dumb waiter, chute or other shaft, cutting through from floor to floor, shall be of the same class of construction as required for passenger elevator shafts, or may be of metal or metal lined where too small to plaster, and all openings to such shafts or chutes shall be provided with metal* doors; such doors shall be metal lined. (*Word "metal" should have been omitted.) If a freight elevator is placed in a shaft the shaft shall be con- structed as provided for shafts for passenger elevators. In case a freight elevator is not enclosed, trap doors shall be provided at each floor, which doors shall be automatic, or shall be held open by fusible links attached thereto and so arranged as to fall shut when the link is fused, and shall be covered with lock jointed tin on the under side and edges. Every freight elevator constructed or operated in any building 32 shall be enclosed in a shaft above the second story of such building. Every freight elevator constructed or operated in any building below the third story thereof, need not be enclosed in a shaft. Where fusible links are used, the openings in the floors shall be protected by railings Bailings ami and gates not less than three feet in height. Gates Section 89. SKYLIGHTS. Skylight frames in buildings of Class skylights "D" other than dwellings shall be constructed entirely of metal and all joints riveted with tinner's rivets. All skylights shall be glazed with wire glass not less than one-fourth of an inch thick, and no light there- in shall be larger than sixteen inches by seventy-two inches. Section 90. ROOFS. Rafters in buildings of Class "D" shall be Roofs placed not more than thirty-two (32) inches on centers, and the roof sheathing shall not be less than % inch thick. Section 91. ROOF SPACES. The space between the ceiling of the Roof Spaces top story and the roof of buildings of Class "D" shall be divided by tight partitions of one-inch redwood or metal lath and plaster supported with metal studs, into sections each having an area not exceeding two thou- sand and five hundred square feet. All openings in said partitions shall have doors of similar construction which shall be self closing. Every building built flush with the property line on any street or alley shall be provided with metallic water conductors, of sufficient capacity to con- Roof Drainage vey all surface drainage from the roof to the street or alley gutter. Such water conductors shall be extended from the building below the surface of the sidewalk and shall not extend beyond the curb line of the street. Section 92. VENTILATION OF WATER CLOSETS AND URINALS. Ventilation of Every apartment or room containing a water closet or urinal shall be AVater Closets ventilated by means of a window or vent shaft opening directly into the ami Urinals open air. The area of such window or vent shaft shall not be less than three (3) square feet. Section 93. FACTORY BUILDINGS. All factory buildings of Factory Buildings Class "D" construction more than one story in height shall have all interior and roof loads carried on columns and girders. The roof of such building shall be covered with boarding not less than seven- eighths of an inch thick. All roof boarding shall be covered with tin, Roofs copper, corrugated iron, or with felt and asphaltum covered with gravel or with other fire-resisting composition. PART IX. GENERAL CONDITIONS. Section 94. MILL CONSTRUCTION. Buildings of mill construe- Mill Construct io* tion are defined as those with exterior walls of masonry and the in- Definition terior loads supported by heavy timber frame. The frame shall be con- structed without concealed air spaces. This method of construction may be used for the interior of Class For class "C" "C" buildings and be built to a height of eighty-five (85) feet. Buildings In buildings of mill construction there shall be a cast iron plate at Plates the top and bottom of all columns and every timber where it rests on a column, girder or outer wall shall be considered a girder. Columns shall either rest directly on each other or have cast iron columns pintles between the plates at the top and bottom of the columns. Floors in mill construction shall be constructed of not less than Floors two (2") inch matched plank with one (1") inch flooring on top and two layers of asbestos paper between such flooring. Floor timbers in mill construction shall be spaced not more than Floor Timbers four (4') feet apart under two (2") inch plank, eight (8') feet apart under three (3") inch plank, or eleven (11') feet apart under four (4") inch plank. There shall be no hollow spaces in walls, partitions or floors, be- Hollow spaces hind plastering, ceiling or other finish. All partitions shall be either a partitions single thickness of wood or metal studs and metal lath. Stairways stairways shall be metal lathed on the under side. Section 95. DIMENSIONS OF FOUNDATION WALLS. No foun- Dimensions of dation walls in buildings of Classes "A," "B," or "C" shall rest upon Foundation Walls any filled or made ground. The depth of foundations of buildings of Classes "A," "B" and "C" shall be not less than the depths prescribed in the following schedule: One-story buildings, not less than one foot below natural surface 1 story of the ground; in two and three-story buildings, not less than two feet s and 3 stories 33 4 Stories 5 and 6 Stories 7 Stories 8, 9 and 10 Stories Greater Depth Projections Battered Width of Footings Proportioned to Loads Isolated Piers Concrete Mixture Sand Screened Machine Mixed Retaining Walls Of Brick Reinforced Concrete Standard Depth Basements Under Sidewalks Fire Hydrant Excavating lateral Support below the natural surface of the ground; in four-story buildings not less than three feet below the natural surface of the ground; in five or six- story buildings not less than four feet below the natural surface of the ground; in seven-story buildings not less than five feet below the natural surface of the ground; in eight, nine and ten-story buildings, not less than six feet below the natural surface of the ground. Provided, however, that nothing in this section contained shall pre- vent the Building Inspector from requiring a greater depth for founda- tions, if, in the judgment of said Building Inspector, it is necessary for the stability of said foundation and the structure proposed to be erected thereon. The width of the foundations of the several parts of any building shall be proportioned to the load to be carried as provided in Section 145. No course of brick footings shall project more than two inches from the footing or wall above, and if formed of stone or concrete, no course shall be less th'an twelve inches thick, nor shall any course pro- ject more than six inches, or such footing may be battered not more than one inch in two inches. The width of the footings of every foundation wall shall be not less than seventy-five per cent greater than that of the wall resting there- on, unless in the judgment of the Building Inspector, other percentages than the above would be deemed necessary or safe. Foundations shall be proportioned to the actual loads they shall be required to sustain in the completed and occupied building. Buildings of the classes mentioned in this section may have iso- lated pier foundations, provided the arches or beams supporting the walls are proportioned to carrying loads. Such piers shall be of suf- ficient size so as not to exceed the safe load on soils. Concrete for foundations shall be made of at least one part cement, two and one-half parts sand and four and one-half parts clean, broken stone of such size as to pass through a two-inch ring, or clean, coarse gravel containing not more than 40 per cent sand and not larger than will pass through a two-inch ring may be used in place of sand and broken stone. This sand, stone and gravel shall be accurately measured in a wooden frame, the cement added and the whole mass turned twice, then just enough water added to make cement stick to stone, and turned again. The Building Inspector may require the gravel to be screened to remove sand should there be too much and too fine sand in the gravel. Any building involving the use of more than one hun- dred cubic yards of concrete shall have the material mixed in a batch mixing machine of a type approved by the Building Inspector. Section 96. RETAINING WALLS. Any person making an excava- tion for the purpose of construction, if such excavation comes in con- tact with a street or alley, shall at once build a retaining wall not less than seventeen inches thick at the top and increasing four inches in thickness for every four feet in depth, to sustain the earth. If such retaining walls are built of brick, the brick shall be laid in cement mor- tar in the proportions of one part cement to four parts sand by actual measurements; provided that if such retaining walls are constructed of reinforced concrete, then said walls shall not be less than eight inches thick at the top thereof and shall increase in thickness at least one inch for each foot of depth of such wall. (For Standard Depth see Index.) Section 97. BASEMENTS UNDER SIDEWALKS. In any build- ings where the space under the sidewalk is excavated, the walls thereof shall be not less than twelve inches in thickness unless they act as re- taining walls, and in such case such retaining walls shall be of the thickness prescribed in Section 96. Where the City of Pasadena desires to install a fire hydrant, the connecting pipe of which extends into such basement, the owner or oc- cupant of such basement shall, upon demand of said City, enclose said pipe within masonry walls not less than eight (8) inches in thickness, plastered on both sides with cement plaster and extending from the floor to the ceiling of such basement. Section 98. EXCAVATING LATERAL SUPPORT. Every person excavating for the purpose of laying the foundations of any building, or for any other purpose whatever, shall support and protect from dam- age all adjoining land, streets, alleys and sidewalks by underpinning, cribbing or shoring or other device as will prevent all settling, crack- ing or damage whatever. Section 99. UNDERPINNING WALLS. All walls used for under- Underpinning: pinning any building shall be constructed of masonry four inches Wails thicker throughout than the wall they support. Mortar used in ma- sonry for underpinning shall contain not less than one-third cement by actual measurment. All brick used for underpinning shall be hard burnt, well-formed brick, thoroughly soaked in water before using. Section 100. MASONRY, PIERS, BOND PLATES. Every masonry Masonry Piers pier exceeding five feet in height and sustaining a load exceeding ten Bond Plates tons to each square foot, shall be provided with bond plates of cast iron Height or stone, extending through its entire section, at intervals of its height not exceeding one and one-half times the diameter of such pier. Section 101. EXPLANATORY TABLE. This table gives the Table for thickness, height and length of exterior, interior, bearing, fire and party Thickness of walls for buildings of classes "B" and "C," not over eight (8) stories Masonry Walls and a basement high. H-t 1 H 5 | Attic or AirSpace H i H THREE tf P &H 5 X 03 E-" od O W Length of Wall 111 i XI 3 CO CO t- t- 1 ^ -1 u= en J ft- ** 1 0) ca a% XI I CO CO CC 1 CO _ I- ^ ,_, us a* 1 ^ 1 -a CN 3^ Ij Sly c j Is ft SJ S* ? ^ w !c^ 131 ,8. H rH 04 04 S *H c-2 t 1 8 H- 1 H.S fcoofe OS C1 o co co t- b- t* ,_, i-H d Si *>3 5 3^ 11 i x ; > For Heights of Stories. See ecr"T>Tr*vr XT mo 1 5 > 4 I 3 13 Either from wall to wall or wall to girder ^alls to be 4 inches above and not to ex< cker than the abov height/ 9 inch walls \ > CO CO CO- ^ b- b- _, T-Ji ^ . .fed 1| Jl _ S2 oS C O so m % I o S c fe ^ o w 03 "St/2 OS Oi - CO r-H ii b- b- T ( i i CM s Is h 1 all be 4 i over 2 s 1 II ^ O5 C5 Oi CO CO ^. t- C- i ( T-H * 4J *H gto 0) gs *! |o| 3 1^ 41 O5 a _'. J CO CO f! ^ t. ,_, ^ *J OJH =3 1 ag C ON fi^ 15 1 i 4 X c S *** c/j h ! & d 1 H I Distance Between Centers Obj og.S 35 Height of Stories Buttresses or Pilasters 8-inch Brick Walls for Closing Openings Additions to Existing Buildings in Fire District No. I Existing Party Walls Curtain Walls Arches and Lintels Partition Walls Interior Xon- bearing Brick Partitions Hollow Terra Cotta See Section 116 Concrete I 'art it ions Keinforced Concrete Partitions Wood Suir.t.itii Section 102. HEIGHT OF STORIES. In buildings of Classes "A," "B" and ''C" the height of an exterior wall iri any one story shall not exceed fourteen times' its thickness, excepting that in one-story build- ings the height of such walls shall be not more than sixteen times the thickness of the walls. Walls of greater height, if not increased in thickness, shall have buttresses or pilasters constructed and placed in the following manner. Such buttresses snail not be placed farther apart than the height of the wall, as above provided. Such pilasters or buttresses shall not be smal- ler in size than twice the thickness of the wall, measured parallel to the length of the wall; and shall project from the face of the wall four (4) inches for each two (2) feet of increased height or fractional part thereof. In existing buildings, for the purposes of closing openings in brick walls, enclosing porches and roll ways, non-bearing eight-inch (8") brick walls may be used. Additions to existing buildings in Fire District No. 1 not exceeding 300 square feet in area may be built with steel frames and metal lath throughout. Such frames and metal lath shall be covered with cement, mortar so as to make the walls and roofs not less than two inches (2") thick. Such addition shall be either on the ground or supported by steel or masonry. The above cement and metal walls may be used for closing existing openings in outer walls. Section 103. EXISTING PARTY WALLS. Walls heretofore built for or used as party walls, the thickness of which at the time of their erection was in accordance with the requirements of the then existing ordinance, but which are not in accordance with the requirements of this ordinance, may be used, if in good condition, for the ordinary uses of party walls, provided the height of the same be not increased. Section 104. CURTAIN WALLS. Curtain walls built in between piers of iron and steel columns and not supported on steel or iron gir- ders, shall be not less than nine inches thick for thirty feet of the up- permost height thereof, or to the tier of beams nearest to that height, and they shall be increased four inches for every additional section of sixty feet, or to the tier of beams nearest to that height. They shall not be used as bearing walls. Section 105. ARCHES AND LINTELS. Every opening exceeding five feet in width in a wall of brick or stone, shall have an arch of stone, brick or terra cotta, securely keyed and with good and sufficient abutments, or such opening shall have a lintel of stone, iron, steel or reinforced concrete. If a wood lintel is used over the inside of any opening there shall be a relieving arch over the same. A wood lintel shall not be placed over an opening exceeding five feet in width. There shall be no cast iron lintel used over an opening exceeding seven feet in width. No wood beams or girder shall be used to support any masonry wall. Section 106. PARTITION WALLS. Interior non-bearing partitions may be built of brick, hollow terra cotta blocks, concrete or reinforced concrete or metal bars covered with metal lath and plaster. Brick partitions shall not be less than eight inches (8") thick, and where a story exceeds fourteen teet (14') in height such walls shall be increased four inches (4") for every fourteen feet (14') additional or part thereof. For hollow terra cotta see Section 116. Concrete partitions may be two inches ( 2" ) less in thickness than brick. Reinforced concrete partitions shall be not less than three inches (3") in thickness. None of the above partitions shall be supported by any woodwork, except metal bars covered with metal lath and plastered, which shall not be less than one and one-half inches thick. Section 107. FIRE WALLS. All exterior division and party walls of buildings of Classes "A," "B" and "C" shall project through and be at least two feet above the adjoining roof line and shall be at least twelve inches thick, except where the walls of the upper story are less than twelve inches thick. Such fire walls sha.l be continuous, 36 without opening therein, and, if of "brick or stone, shall be laid in mor- Openings in tar containing not less than one part of cement to three parts of good lime mortar, said cement mortar to extend from the top of the wall to a point two feet below the roof joists and all such brick work shall be laid as "full grouted" or "shoved" work. Where fire walls shall extend more than three (3) feet, six (6) inches above adjoining roof line, said wall shall be ancnored with three-fourths inch rods or pipes of one inch ^ ncnors for outside diameter; said anchors shall be secured to the roof and shall have "T" heads built eight inches into the wall and shall be placed eight inches below the top of the wall and not more than ten feet apart. Fire walls will not be required on buildings where the roof is strict- O n Class "A" ly Class "A" construction, except on party and division walls. Resi- Buildings dences and buildings not over two stories in height of Classes "B" and on Residences, "C" in Fire District No. 2, and all Class "B" and "C" buildings in Fire Etc., not over District No. 3, will not be required to have fire walls, except party and TWO stories division walls. Additions to existing buildings of Classes "B" and "C" may be built on Additions to without fire walls when the omission of such walls is necessary to carry Existing Buildings out the design of the existing building, if no wall of such addition be- comes a party, division wall or a lot line wall not on a street or alley. Section 108. RECESSES IN WALLS. Recesses for stairways and Recesses in Walls elevators may be left in the walls of buildings, provided that in no case shall such portions of such walls be of less thickness than the walls of the fourth story, unless reinforced by additional piers with iron or steel girders, or iron or steel columns and girders, properly fireproofed and securely anchored to walls on each side. Recesses for alcoves or simi- For Alcoves lar purposes, shall have not less than eight inches of masonry at the back, shall be not more than eight feet wide, and shall be arched over or spanned with iron or steel lintels, and not carried up higher than eighteen inches below the bottom of the beams of the floor next above, nor shall any recess be made nearer than six feet to any other recess in the same wall. Section 109. PIPES IN WALLS OR STRUCTURAL MEMBERS. Pipes in Walls or No recess for any pipe shall be made in a party or division wall, unless structural Members such party or division wall exceeds sixteen inches in thickness. No re- cesses for pipes or wires shall be made in any wall more than one- Recesses for third the thickness of such wall. Recesses around such pipes- shall be Wire8 . Etc . filled up solid for the space of one foot, both above and below each tier of floor or roof joists. There shall be no pipes of any description be- i>i pes i n Columns tween any metal columns and its covering of fireproofing material,. No water, steam, soil or vent pipe shall be built into the structural part of any concrete co'-umn or girder. Section 110. BOND IN BRICKWORK. The bond in brickwork Bond in shall be formed by laying at least one course of headers for every six Brickwork courses of stretchers. Section 111. WALLS DURING CONSTRUCTION. During the con- Walls During struction of any building, no wall shall be carried to a greater height Construction than eight (8) feet above any other wall of the same structure. Section 112. PRESSED BRICK FACING-BOND JOINTS. If pressed Pressed Brick brick facing is used, it must be bonded into its backing at least at every Fac? Bond sixth course. Bond shall be established by solid headers or by gal- joints vanized iron strips not less than one (1) inch wide, not less than one- sixteenth of an inch thick and not less than eight inches long, placed at right angles to the face of the wall. If such strips are-used for bond- ing each brick, in every fourth course, shall be bonded. No diagonal N O Diagonal bond shall be allowed. In the case of piers faced with pressed brick, Boil d Allowed only solid headers or bondstones or iron plates shall be used for such bonding Pressed brick in all cases must be laid so as to have a full bed of mortar under each brick. The mortar used in backing all pressed brick shall have cement added thereto, in the proportion of not less than one-sixth of the bulk of the mortar. Section 113. VENEERING BOND. All veneer facings of brick on Veneering Bond a masonry wall other than a brick wall, shall be bonded by metal ties in the form of staples one-eighth of an inch in diameter. These ties shall be not less than twelve inches apart horizontally and shall All veneer facings of stone, terra cotta and cement stone shall.be Bond for Stone, bonded by metal ties in the form of staples not less than one-fourth of Terra Cotta, Etc. 37 Hollow Terra Cotta for Veneer Artificial Stone Factor of Safety for In Walls in Fire District No. 1 Limit of Height Bearing Walls of Hollow Concrete Blocks Web Sizes Crushing Load Buildings of Terra Cotta Blocks One-Story in Height in Fire District No. 1 Limit of Height Walls of Hollow Terra Cotta Blocks Partitions Closets, Vent Shafts, Etc. Bearing AValls, Etc. Mesh Cloth an inch in diameter. The ties shall be bedded into the wall or struc- tural parts of the building not less than four inches, with the ends turned over to give a mechanical anchorage. These ties shall be not less than twelve inches apart horizontally and shall be in every course. Section 114. HOLLOW TERRA COTTA FOR VENEER. (Archi- tectura 1 .) Hollow terra cotta tile blocks shall not be used for exterior or interior walls within Fire District No. 1, except as a facing or veneer for brickwork or masonry walls of standard thickness. Section 115. ARTIFICIAL STONE. Artificial stone made of Port- land cement and incombustible and fire and water proof material may be used as a substitute for any natural stone provided that no artificial stone containing more than fifteen (15) per cent of limestone as an in- gredient shall be used in a lintel or bearing part in buildings over three (3) stories in height; provided further that the factor of safety shall be not less than ten. No exterior or interior exposed walls 01 any building within Fire District No. 1 shall be constructed of hollow concrete blocks. No ex- terior or interior exposed walls of any building more than two stories in height in the City of Pasadena shall be constructed of hollow con- crete blocks. Where hollow concrete blocks are used in the construction of ex- terior or bearing walls, such walls shall be constructed of the same thickness as required for brick walls; provided, however, that such hol- low blocks shall be made with solid connecting web not less than two inches thick and connecting webs shall be not more than twelve inches apart; provided, however, that the hollow space in any such hollow concrete block snail not exceed twenty-five per cent (25-/r) of the whole block. Every wall built of such hollow concrete blocks shall be laid up in cement mortar and shall be capable of sustaining a load of eight tons per square foot of sectional area. Section 116. BUILDINGS OF TERRA COTTA BLOCKS. Build- ings not more than one story in height to be used for dwellings, stables or garages, may be constructed of hollow terra cotta blocks outside of Fire District No. 1 provided such buildings do not exceed 1000 square feet of floor area and the walls thereof are not less than six inches thick and laid up in cement mortar. In no case shall the height of the story of any such building exceed ten feet. Buildings more than one story in height or more than 1000 square feet of floor area, but not exceeding three stories or forty feet in total height may be constructed of hollow terra cotta blocks outside of Fire District No. 1, provided they comply with the following conditions: Hollow terra cotta walls and partitions shall be constructed in ac- cordance with the following table as to thickness, and laid up and bonded as hereinafter described. (The numerals at the head of the several columns indicate th story and the inches shown in the column denote the thickness of the wall). Height of Basement or Building. Cellar Wall. 1 2 One Story 8 in. thick 6 in. Two Story 8 in. thick 6 in. 6 in. Three Story 12 in. thick 8 in. 6 in. 6 in. Hollow terra cotta blocks non-bearing partitions shall not exceed the following: 6" partitions, 20' 0" high. 4" partitions, 16' 0" high. 3" partitions, 12' 0" high. Three-inch hollow terra cotta blocks may be used for the construc- tion of closets and vent shafts, if reinforced with metal lath or three- mesh hardware cloth in each horizontal joint. Hollow terra cotta blocks used for bearing walls and partitions in buildings two or more stories in height must be built on their ends, and reinforced with metal lath or three-mesh hardware cloth one inch nar- rower than the thickness of the wall. This metal fabric shall be spread on each horizontal bed the full length of the wall and doubled at each corner. After the reinforcing metal is in place the entire surface of each course of the wall shall be covered completely with Portland ce- ment mortar, mixed in the proportion of three parts lime mortar to one 38 part of Portland cement. The tile in interior bearing partitions shall be so bonded together that the vertical webs on each course will come Bond directly over each other through the entire wall. No party or division wall shall be* constructed of hollow terra cotta blocks, and no hollow terra cotta blocks shall be carried on any wood beam, girder or post. Wood Beams In buildings where hollow terra cotta blocks are used for bearing walls and partitions, the floor may be constructed of reinforced concrete, or Floors reiniorced hollow terra cotta blocks, or of both, and shall be made to sustain the floor loads in accordance with and as required by Section 147 of this Code. The contractor or owner shall make load tests on Load Tests any part of a reinforced structure, whether it be reinforced concrete or whether it be reinforced hollow terra cotta blocks, or a combination of both reinforced concrete and reinforced terra cotta blocks; such test shall be made whenever the Building Inspector deems necessary, and any floors of the above mentioned construction shall sustain a load of twice that for which it is designed without any sign of failure, and in the case of beams, girders and floors, without deflecting more than one seven-hundredth of the span. 'Section 117. ROOF DRAINAGE. Every building built flush with Hoof Drainage the property line on any street or alley shall be provided with metallic water conductors, of sufficient capacity to convey all surface drainage from the roof to the street or alley gutter. Such water conductors shall be extended from the buildings below the surface of the sidewalk and shall not extend beyond the curb line of the street. This section shall app'y to buildings already or hereafter erected. Section 118. CORNICES AND APPENDAGES. Every cornice or Cornices and gutter on any building of Class "B" or Class "C" shall be made of non- Appendages combustible material. Every metal cornice shall have riveted joints riveted with tinner's rivets, and shall be supported by heavy steel brackets, securely braced in such manner as to be capable of sustain- Brackets ing at each extreme outer point a load of not less than three hundred pounds. Such brackets shall be placed not more than two feet six inches apart from center to center and shall be securely anchored into the brick work and to the roof; should they extend to the roof, the top member of eaca bracket shall be carried through the masonry to the in- side thereof, and be securely anchored into the wall. The roof or cov- ering of any cornice may be sheathed with wood, provided that such sheathing shall be entirely covered with metal; or where composition roof is used it may extend to within six inches of outer edge of the cor- nice, and said space of six inches shall be covered with metal, and the brick firewall shall be extended solidly at least to the under side of the boarding which forms the top side of the cornice. Appendages in buildings of Class "B" or Class "C" such as sky- Appendages lights, dormer windows, gutters, mouldings, eaves, parapets, balconies, classes "B" bay windows, towers, spires, ventilators, turrets and lantern lights, ex- and "C" cept as in this ordinance provided, shall be constructed of fireproof ma- terials; provided, however, that any of the said appendages that exceed the allowed limit of height for its class shall be wholly fireproof, and that floors, roof boarding and joists to porches and balconies may be of wood with no concealed spaces in any part thereof, and with no screen, lattice or enclosure except that an open rail or wire guard may be constructed on such porch or balcony. Class "B" and "C" residences in Fire Districts No. 2 and 3 may have wood cornices. Buildings not over two stories in height of Classes "B" and "C" ir Two-story Build- Fire District No. 2 and all Class "B" and "C" buildings in Fire District ings in Fire No. 3, may have cornices formed by the rafters and roof sheathing Districts 2 and ? overhanging the outer walls, provided there are no concealed spaces. Towers, turrets, lantern lights, spires and domes of any building constructed, or under construction at the time of the passage of this ordinance, may be built partly of wood if the side walls are built entirely of masonry to the top of the roof boarding, and the roof board- ing is entirely covered with non-combustible material, except where the same are provided for in other sections of this ordinance. Section 119. STRUCTURES ABOVE ROOFS. No structure built Structures Above partly or wholly upon or above the roof of any building shall project Roofs above the highest point of such roof more than eight feet. Every out- side wall of such structure (except Class "D" buildings) on any street walls or party line shall be of masonry. In buildings of Classes "B" or "C," the walls of such roof structure, other than masonry walls, shall be 39 lathed with metal lath on both sides and plastered; or such walls may be sheathed close with one-men boards, covered with lock-jointed tin. Ceilings All ceilings in the interior of such structure shall be plastered on metal Area of lath. The total area of such roof structures on any building shall not exceed two hundred square ieet lor each 5000 square feet of area of the Roof upper floor surface of such building. The roof of every roof structure shall be constructed in the same manner and of the same materials as the roof of the main building. Tanks Section 120. TANKS. Tanks having a capacity of more than five Capacity hundred gallons placed on the roof, or above the roof of any building Supports of Classes "A," "B" or "C" shall be supported on iron and steel beams of sufficient strength to safely carry the same, which beams shall rest at both their ends on masonry walls or on iron or steel girders or on iron or steel columns or piers of masonry, which said columns or piers shall extend from the foundation of the building. Such tanks shall Outlet have through or near the bottom thereof a short pipe or outlet not less than four inches in diameter, fitted with a valve having a lever or Location wheel handle. Where practicable, such tanks shall be placed at one corner on the roof and, in no case shall such tanks be placed over or Metal in rire near a line of stairs. All such tanks, together with the covers thereof, District NO. i within Fire District No. 1, if located outside of the building, shall be of iron or steel. Demolition of Section 121. DEMOLITION OF BUILDINGS. In demolishing any Buildings building, one story shall be completely removed before the demolition of another story is begun. No material shall be placed upon the floor of any such building in the course of demolition, but the brick, timbers and other structural parts of each story shall be lowered to the ground immediately upon displacement. The owner, architect, builder or con- tractor of any building, structure, premises, wall, platform, staging or Twenty-four flooring to be demolished shall give not less than twenty-four hours' Hours Notice previous notice to the Building Inspector of such intended demolition; except that no notice need be given for removal of staging used for erection purposes. Use of Sidewalks Section 122. USE OF SIDEWALKS AND STREETS. It shall be and streets unlawful to commence the erection of any building abutting upon any sidewalk, or to continue the erection thereof unless there shall exist along or inside the center line of such sidewalk a good and substantial *> n board fence. It shall be unlawful to erect any part of a building in Fire District No. 1, abutting upon any sidewalk, above the sidewalk level, unless there shall exist along or inside the center line of such sidewalk a good and substantial board fence at least twelve feet high enclosing not more than the inner half of the width of such sidewalk so as to protect pedestrians from anything falling from such building. Excavations It shall be unlawful to make any excavation in that part of any under Sidewalks sidewalk in Fire District No. 1 lying between the curb line and center line thereof, unless there shall exist over such excavation a good and substantial temporary walk so constructed and maintained as at all times to afford safe, free and unobstructed passage for pedestrians over and along all that part of such sidewalk above mentioned, and con- structed and maintained on a level with the surface of the street or at steps and an elevation of not more than four feet above the same, having steps Railings at each end and a railing not less than three feet high along the edge thereof nearest the street. Obstructions Public streets, alleys and sidewalks may be partially occupied or to streets, Etc. obstructed in connection with building operations as specified in this ordinance. It shall be unlawful for any person to occupy or obstruct any portion of any street, alley or sidewalk in any other manner or to any greater extent than is allowed by this ordinance without first ob- Pennit from taining a permit therefor. Such permit shall be issued by the Street street Supt. Superintendent on application therefor in writing which shall be ac- companied by the building permit for the building proposed to be erected. One-half of Walk It shall be unlawful to fail or neglect to have at least one-half of Clear the width of the sidewalk and not less than ten feet of the width of an alley unobstructed and free of rubbish at all times, except that a pas- sageway across such space may be used for carriage of materials. Occupation of Section 123. OCCUPATION OF STREET. It shall be unlawful to streets occupy more than one-quarter of the width of the roadway of any street 40 in front of any building for any purpose in connection with building operations. If there is a street railroad track upon any such street, no street Railways part of such street within nine feet of any such track shall be so used, obstructed or occupied. It shall be unlawful to store any earth taken from any excavation Earth to Be or rubbish, or material taken from any building, upon the sidewalk or Removed the roadway of any street or alley, but the same shall be removed from day to day as produced. Any dry rubbish liable to produce dust must Dry Rubbish be wetted down so as to prevent it from being blown about. Section 124. SIDEWALK PROTECTION. It shall be unlawful to Sidewalk fail or neglect to erect and maintain at all times during the construe- Protection tion, alteration, demolition or repair of any bui ding flush with the side- walk a temporary canopy at least ten feet above the sidewalk with the Canopy full width of the front of the building, and extending the full width of the sidewalk, constructed as herein provided; provided that such can- opy will not be required until the work of construction has reached such a height that the fence herein required shall cease to adequately protect the sidewalk. Such canopy shall have a curb at least twelve Construction of inches high on the. outer edge and at each end thereof. If such canopy Canopy is used for the storage of material, additional supports shall be pro- vided which will safely sustain such material with a factor of safety of four. Such canopy shall be constructed of four inch by eight inch fir stringer placed on edge, resting upon the top of four inch by six inch fir posts placed not more than ten feet apart, in not to exceed three lines parallel to such building, upon which shall rest two inch by ten inch fir joists placed not more than four feet apart. Such joists shall be covered with fir planks not less than two inches by eight inches laid close together. All joints in such covering shall be made upon joists. At all angles made by such posts, stringers and joists, such angles shall be braced with a two inch by four inch fire brace not less than four feet long. Section 125. OPENINGS IN SIDEWALKS. There shall be no per- Openings in manent opening in any sidewalk, except such openings as are herein Sidewalk expressly authorized. There may be an opening in the sidewalk, pro- vided it is covered with metal sidewa'k trap doors, the outer or street end of which doors shall be not more than four feet, six inches from the outer edge of the sidewalk curb, and the inner edge of which shall be not more than nine feet from the outer edge of such sidewalk curb. There may also be openings through such sidewalks not more than thirty inches in their greatest dimension for the admittance of fuel to the cellar or basement of the bui 1 ding fronting on ruch portion of the sidewalk. All openings in sidewalks shall have metal covers flush with the walk, and their upper surfaces shall be roughened. All structural parts of the sidewalks, including such doors and covers, shall be capa- strength oi ble of sustaining a ^oad, at all points simultaneously, equal to four hun- Sidewalks dred pounds for each superficial foot of the surface thereof. There shall be no permanent openings in the form of gratings of any descrip- tion in any sidewalk. Section 126. PROJECTIONS. No bay windows, balcony or pro- Projections jection other than a cornice or fire escape shall extend over any street or alley, except as provided in Section 127. All outer doors in Fire District No. 1, if opening out and upon a Outer Doors in street, shall be recessed the width of the door. Double hung doors not Fire District over two feet and six inches in width installed before the passage of No. 1 this ordinance need not be changed. All doors to the entrance of hotels, lodging and boarding houses, Hotel Entrances lecture rooms, music halls, or other public halls, shall swing out. Section 127. AWNINGS. No permanent awnings shall be con- Awnings structed or maintained over any sidewalk or part thereof in the City of Pasadena otherwise than as herein provided. Every canvas awning canvas constructed or placed over any such sidewalk shall be at least eight feet above the sidewa^ at its lowest point; provided that a hanging border may drop vertically therefrom to a point not less than seven feet above the sidewalk. Metal canopies may be constructed over side- Metal walks at entrances to buildings, provided, however, that no such can- opy shall be erected, constructed or maintained so as to cover more than one-third of the show windows of any store front. Such canopies shall be constructed of wrought or cast iron, bronze or other solid cast 41 or wrought metal, and shall be supported entirely by metal frames and supports. The roofs of such canopies may be of said metal or of wire glass supported in metal frames. The lowest point of any portion, in- cluding the support of such canopies, shall be not less than eight feet six inches, in the clear, above the sidewalk. Such canopies shall be supported with metal rods or chains from above secured to the walls strength of of the building. Every support, frame and constructive part of such Supports canopies shall be of sufficient strength to sustain six times its own weight or strain without breaking, and shall be tested at any time when required by the Building Inspector. Proper provision shall be Drainage made to carry the water from the canopies through proper conductors to the sidewalk gutter; such conductors shall be placed within the wall of the building and below the surface of the sidewalk. There shall be NO Supports no post or other support connecting with the sidewalk or standing upo-n Allowed the same used for the support of any canopy except with the special permission of the City Council. Terra Cotta Section 128. TERRA COTTA CHIMNEYS. Chimneys of terra Chimneys cotta pipe will not be allowed in the City of Pasadena, except that in One-Story terra cotta chimneys may be used in buildings not over one story in Buildings height. Such chimneys shall be exposed to view the entire length and not come nearer than six inches to any wood. Said chimney shall either set on the floor or ground, or on a cast iron shelf bolted to the wall with steel brackets, and shall have eight inches of brickwork under the bottom. Said chimney shall have but one inlet which shall not be at the bottom. Smokepipes Section 129. SMOKEPIPES. No pipe used or intended to be used to conduct smoke, except as elsewhere in this ordinance provided, shall pass or extend through any wall or window, or through the roof of any skylight of any building. Chimneys and Section 130. CHIMNEYS AND FLUES. All chimneys and flues Flues hereafter constructed shall be of masonry; the walls thereof shall be not less than six inches thick, except as in this section provided. Any out Hide of part of a chimney outside of a building and more than six inches from Buildings the side thereof shall be at least four inches thick. In dwellings, flats Dwellings, and apartment houses, chimneys and flues shall, if less than six inches Fiats, Etc. thick, be lined on the inside witn well-burnt clay or terra cotta pipe not i>hung less than three-fourths (%) of an inch thick. Said lining shall extend from the bottom of a flue or the throat of a fireplace, to the top of the flue, and shall be enclosed as carried up, with not less than four inches of masonry. Flues in which lining is not required by this ordinance Size and inlets shall have smooth struck joints on the inside thereof. No smoke flues shall be less than seven and one-half inches by seven and one-half inches in a clear inside measurement. Suctf size flues shall have but two inlets and only one such inlet shall be used for cooking purposes. For four inlets the flue shall not be less than seven and one-half inches by eleven and one-half inches in the clear inside measurement and not more than two such inlets shall be used for cooking purposes. For a larger number of inlets the size of such flue shall be increased to pro- portion above named. Flues larger than 200 square inches and less than 500 square inches inside area shall have walls not less than 12 inches thick to a height of 15 feet above the inlet. Flues larger than 500 square inches inside area shall have their walls proportionately increased in size and shall be lined with fire brick for at least 20 feet above the inlet. Bakery Ovens Bakery oven flues shall be not less than twelve by twelve inches in the clear, inside measurements, and shall have masonry walls not less than eight inches thick. Boiler Flues The inside four inches of the walls of all smoke flues for boilers of over twenty-five horsepower shall, for the distance of twenty-five feet from the source of heat, be constructed of fire brick laid in fire mortar. All chimneys having a greater flue area than 260 square inches inside Height Above Roof measurement, shall be carried up at least ten feet above the highest point of any roof within fifty feet of such chimney. inlets and Tn e inlet for a smokepipe into a chimney or flue shall be set in Thimbles place as the construction progresses. Thimbles shall be surrounded by four inches of brickwork brought flush with the furring and shall ex- tend to the face of the plastering and be no nearer than six inches to any woodwork. 42 Chimneys shall not be supported by or upon any floor or beam of Supports wood, but shall be constructed from the ground up, and shall not in- crease in size from the foundation except that when six inches thick it may be increased to eight inches, and when eight inches thick it may be increased to twelve inches thick above the roof. No chimneys shall be corbelled out more than eight inches from a wall, provided that no Corbelling corbelling shall be more than four inches in twelve-inch walls. No chimney or flue shall be offset or drawn over for any purpose more offsets than one-third of its exterior width or thickness, except where carried on masonry, ironwork or steel, extending down to the foundation. Flues in party walls shall not extend within four inches of the cen- Flues in Part? ter of the wall, and joint flues in party walls shall be separated across walls the wall by at least four inches of masonry. No joist or girder shall be supported on the walls of any chimney Woodwork .ar or flue. No woodwork shall be placed nearer than one inch to the out- chimneys side of any chimney, unless the chimney walls are eight inches or more in thickness (and only exposed woodwork shall be so placed), or within six inches of the inside of any smoke or other masonry flue. No struc- tural part, except masonry, of a building shall come in contact with any chimney or flue, except sheathing, shingles of roof, wall sheathing, sid- ing, shingles or other outside covering the same shall not have more than one inch contact with the chimney. All space between the chim- Space Between ney, floor and ceiling shall be closed with tin or other sheet metal to Chimneys stop the draft. Chimneys built outside of frame structure or in light wells thereof chimneys in shall be securely anchored to the walls at intervals of not less than ten Light Weils feet. Where chimneys or flues project through a pitch roof at or nearer Through Pitched than four feet to the ridge or peak of such roof they shall project not less Roof than two feet above said ridge or peak, and no chimney shall project through a roof less than three feet except as provided above. If a chim- ney projects above the roof to a height, of more than six times its least Height Above Roof cross measurement, it shall be braced with an iron rod or pipe not less Braces than one inch in diameter, with a fixed washer at each side of such chimney, which brace shall extend through said chimney at a point not more than four feet from the top thereof. Every chimney projecting above the roof more than six times the thickness oi' its least cross measurement shall have at least three four-inch cross walls, or two eight-inch wall across its least width, and all such chimneys shall be laid in cement mortar from the top thereof to the first tier of joists Ic- low the roof joists as provided for under head "Fire Walls." Section 131. FIREPLACES. All fireplaces and chimney breasts Fireplaces in which mantels are placed in any building shall have trimmer arches Arches to support the hearth. Such arches shall be of brick, stone or concrete, and shall be of sufficient width to accommodate an eighteen-inch tile hearth, and their length shall be not less than the width of the chimnev breast. Wood centers shall be removed from trimmer arches of sue i Wood Centers fireplaces and chimney breasts after the same are constructed. No tins- to Be Removed ber shall be placed under any trimmer arch, fireplace or hearth. Sucn hearths shall be of brick, tile, stone or concrete. Fireplaces shall have Hearths arched heads with an iron over the top of the opening not less than one-fourth by two and one-half inches, turned up at the end two inches on each side of the chimney breast, making a bond for the arch; or an Arrh Bur ang^ iron not less than three by three and one-half inches may be used, resting not less than four inches on each bearing. All fireplace openings furred with wood on the face shall be surrounded by a brick rim eight inches wide projecting four inches from the breast of the chimney and bonded into the brickwork. The firebacks and jambs of all fireplaces shall be of solid masonry not less than eight inches thick. No flue for any fireplace shall be smaller than seven and one-half Flue for Fireplace by eleven and one-half inches, except that a fireplace having an open- ing into a room of less than 850 square inches may have smaller flues. Such flues to be not less in size than 10% of the opening into the room. Every grate shall be set in a fireplace with a lining of firebrick at least two inches thick added to the fireback and filled solidly with fireproof material. Provided, however, that where soapstone, tile or cast iron is used in setting such grate, such solid filling shall not be required. No mantel or other woodwork shall be exposed back of a sumner Mantels 43 Fireboards Offsets Smokestacks Through Ceilings Etc, Outside of Buildings Anchors Masonry Stacks Strain ou Steel Compression Wind Pressure Foundation Soil Pressure Brick Stacks Tension Wind Pressure Foundation Lining Chimneys or Cupolas Height Drying Rooms Floors Ceilings aud and Walls Pipes, Etc, Boiler Rooms Walls piece in such fireplace or chimney breast but the iron work of such simmer piece shall be placed against the brick or stonework of the fireplace. No fireplace shall be closed with a wooden fireboard. Section 132. OFF-SETS. No off-set made to reduce the size of a chimney shall exceed one (1) inch for each two (2) inches of the height of such off -set; and no corbel extending from a wall shall exceed one (1) inch for each two inches of the height thereof; provided, however, that no inlet to a chimney, stack or flue shail be extended out more than eight (8) inches. Section 133. SMOKESTACKS. Smokestacks of iron or steel pass- ing through floors, ceilings, roofs or partitions of any building shall not be constructed nearer than twenty (20) inches to any woodwork and shall be protected with a solid metal jacket twelve inches from the stack extending not less than six (6) inches above and not less than twelve (12) inches below the joists of such floor, ceiling, roof or parti- tion. All woodwork or enclosure of such stack within four feet thereof shall be metal lathed and plastered or shall be covered with sheet metal. Such stack on the outside of a building shall be not nearer than eighteen inches to any exposed woodwork, or nearer than twelve (12) inches to any woodwork or metal lath and plaster, when protected with metal extending two feet on each side of such a stack. Such stacks shall be guyed or anchored to withstand wind pressure .of thirty (30) pounds projected area. Masonry Stacks Stacks built of reinforced concrete shall comply with the following conditions: The tension and strain on the steel shall not exceed 8000 pounds per square inch. The strain in compression of the steel and concrete combined shall not exceed 150 pounds per square inch. The stack shall be built to withstand a wind pressure of thirty pounds per square foot, projected area. The resultant center of gravity of the stack due to the dead load and wind load shall fall within the middle third of the foundation. The foundation shall be reinforced in such a manner as not to ex- ceed the above strains on the concrete and steel. The pressure on the soil due to wind load and dead load shall not exceed two-thirds of the loads given for soils in Section 145. In brick stacks the brick shall be laid in cement mortar with just lime enough to make it work freely. The allowable tension in a brick stack shall not exceed fifteen pounds per square inch. The allowable strain in compression sha 1 ! not exceed 100 pounds per square inch. Brick stacks shall be built to withstand a wind pressure of thirty pounds per square foot, projected area. The resultant center of gravity of the brick stack due to the dead load and wind load shall fall within the middle third of the foundation. The foundation shall be built as provided for a reinforced concrete stack and the allowable load on the soil the same. All stacks shall be lined with firebrick to a height equal to ten times the inside diameters above the point where the furnace or boiler flue enters the stack. Section 134. CHIMNEYS OR CUPOLAS. Iron cupolas or chim- neys of foundries shall extend at least ten feet above the highest point of any roof within a radius of fifty feet of such cupola, and no wood- work shall be placed within two feet of the cupo'a. Section 135. DRYING ROOMS. The floor of every drying room in a laundry shall be not less than two inches thick and constructed of masonry or tile; and the walls and ceiling thereof shall be constructed of like materials and shall be not less than eight inches thick, or said walls may be constructed of wood studs and joists spaced twelve inches on center, lathed with metal lath and plastered with not less than three-fourths of an inch fireproof plaster. All steam, hot air pipes, stoves, or other heating apparatus or ap- pliance in such drying rooms shall be covered with wire netting of not less than two meshes to the inch of not less than No. 18 guage wire. Such netting shall be not less than six inches from such steam, hot air pipes, stoves or other heating apparatus or appliance. Section 136. BOILER ROOMS. All walls surrounding a boiler room shall be of masonry or terra cotta .'for the full height of the base- 44 ment or story of the building in which the boiler is located. Such walls, if constructed of brick shall be not less than eight inches thick, and if constructed of terra cotta or concrete they shall be 'not less than six inches thick; and all exposed wood or woodwork 'in 'such room shall be Woodwork covered with metal lath and plastered. Covered. HOW? Every boiler room shail be provided with a sump hole or blowoff Sump Hole chamber, independent of the sewer, for the purpose of blowing off the steam from the boiler. Every opening into a boiler room from the interior of the building Openings into in which such boiler room is located shall have a door or shutter con- structed as specified in Section 162 of this ordinance, so arranged as to c'ose automatically; and where oil is burned, every doorway shall have a masonry or terra cotta sill rising not less than eight inches from the floor. No wood shall be used in the construction of the floor of any Floors of boiler room. In buildings of Classes "B,"'"C" and "D," there shall be a clear space Above space above such boiler of not less than five feet, and above the breech- Boilers ing of not less than two feet, provided that a sheet of No. 18 iron shall be suspended not less than two inches from the ceiling over, and one foot beyond said breeching. Adjacent to the door of every boiler room there shall be provided Standpipe* a standpipe not less than one and one-half inches in diameter, with at least twenty-five feet of standard fire hose not less than one and one-half inches in diameter, attached thereto. Provided that cast iron Except ioiis boilers designed for heating purposes only, and not carrying over twenty-five pounds of steam shall not come under the provisions of this section, but shall comply with the provisions for heating furnaces. (See Section 141.) Section 137. WOODWORKING ESTABLISHMENTS, BOILER Woodworking ROOMS AND FUEL ROOMS THEREIN. Boiler rooms located in a Establishments, woodworking establishment, shall be constructed as herein provided Etc. for the construction of boiler rooms. The fuel room used in conjunction with such boiler room if con- Fuel Room structed in or less than twenty feet from such woodworking establish- ment shall be constructed of masonry. The ceiling thereof shall be constructed of fireproof material or of metal lath and plaster. Every door in a fuel room or boiler room shall be constructed as herein pro- openings into vided for standard fire doors, and every window in such fuel room or boiler room shall be protected by metal frames and sash, glazed with wire glass. All conveyors into such fuel or boiler rooms shall be of metal. conveyors All floors of boiler rooms shall be of masonry, tile or the natural Floors of ground. Floors of woodworking establishments, if of wood, shall be not less than two inches in thickness. Section 138. GAS METERS. No gas meter shall be located in a Gas Meters room or enclosure with any boiler, hot air apparatus, furnace or heater of any kind, provided that the unexcavated space under a dwelling shall not be considered the same room or enclosure as the excavated base- ment under the same when the gas meter is removed not less than twenty feet from such heating apparatus and located in such unexca- vated space. Where the entire space under the building is excavated gas meter located in the basement shall be not less than thirty feet from any heating apparatus and located as near the under side of the floor as practicable. In Class "D" buildings hereafter erected where the meter is set openings for below the first floor, there shall be left a window or other opening not Meters more than twelve feet from the front of the building at least eighteen by twenty-four inches. In cases where it is impracticable to comply with the above re- quirements meters may be otherwise located by first obtaining the ap- proval of the Building Inspector. Section 139. GAS GRATES AND GAS LOGS. No gas grates or gas Gas Grates ad logs shall hereafter be installed, unless same are installed in fireplaces Gas i>ogs with chimneys as provided in Sections 130 and 131 of this ordinance. Every gas heating appliance intended to imitate a grate in any in Alcove sense designed to be set in an alcove shall be deemed a gas grate or log according to this section. Any gas stove designed in such a manner as to set flat against stove Set Flat the wall shall have a backing of at least four inches of masonry extend- Against Wail 45 ing not less than ten inches on each side and above said stove and a terra cotta vent extending through such masonry. Gas Vents, General Section 140. GAS VENTS. In every building hereafter erected there shall be a vent for every fuel gas outlet. Such vents shall be con- structed in one of the following manners: Automatic Heaters Automatic gas heaters, such as the Ruud, Pittsburg, Humphrey, etc., shall in all cases be vented with sheet iron vent pipe, not less in size than the vent outlet on such heater, said vent pipe to be connected to a masonry chimny flue, without passing through any floor or ceiling. Flues constructed as required by Section 130 shall be used only for gas heater and other gas heating appliances, except that small automatic water heaters, not to exceed two gallons per minute in heating capacity may be vented into a four-inch terra cotta flue with a three-inch outlet. Said vent shall be used solely for the automatic heater, and have no offsets or turns other than a "T" for the inlet. other Gas Water Other gas water heaters, stoves and heating appliances not other- Heaters, Etc. wise provided for may be vented with a vent pipe not less than three inches inside diameter; such vent pipe shall be of round terra cotta pipe having bell joints securely cemented together with asbestos ce- ment, and shall extend through and at least twelve inches above the roof of the building and shall have a hood at the top, and shall be flashed water tight where it passes through the roof. If such vent pipe is larger than three inches in diameter, all inlets shall be made with a "T" and shall not be larger than three inches. other Shaped Other shaped pipes of equal area with square joints with metal Gas vents sleeves or other shaped joints satisfactory to the Building Inspector may be used in place of the round terra cotta. Joints in all cases shall be well cemented with asbestos cement. Pipes shall be firmly secured and all bell joints shall be at the top. indirect Gas Vents Indirect gas vents will be allowed on heating appliances if they comply with the following requirements: steam Pipe 1st. If other pipe than terra cotta is used, it shall be standard wrought iron steam pipe and shall be treated where it passes through floors and partitions and near inflammable material the same as steam pipes. (See Section 144.) Positive Exhaust 2nd. If steam pipe is used, there shall be a positive exhaust ac- complished by the operation of a suction fan or some other equally effective means. Vent Above Roof 3rd. The exhaust from such fan shall be carried above the roof either by a vent pipe or by a chimney. Such vent pipe may be of sheet metal. Automatic Gas 4th. The valve controlling the gas supply for such fixture shall be Valve a gravity valve opening against the gas pressure and arranged in such a manner that it will positively close if the suction fan stops. A pilot Pilot i.iffht light may be arranged by a 1-16-inch diameter "by-pass," not controlled by the suction fan. Vents in Existing In buildings already erected there shall be a vent provided for Buildings each gas outlet hereafter installed, built in the manner provided above except that gas heating stoves may be vented in the following manner: Such stoves may be vented with a sheet iron pipe, not less in size than the vent outlet on such stove. Such pipe shall pass through the side of the building and turn up vertically and shall have a hood at the top. The vertical part of the pipe shall not be nearer than ten inches to the outer wall of the building or any other woodwork. The length of such pipe shall not be less than four feet from where it is attached to the stove to the top of the hood, including elbows. Where passing through the side of the building it shall be protected by a metal sleeve extending the full thickness of the wall with a space between the pipe and sleeve of not less than one inch, such space to be ventilated on both sides of the wall. Hood. Vents In new or old dwellings gas cooking stoves may be vented by a hood not over six feet eight inches from the floor. Such hood shall ex- tend from the wall out and not less than nine inches beyond the outer edge of the stove at front and ends, and shall have a metal vent of not less than forty-eight square inches in area extending through the roof capped with a hood and flashed watertight. Vent in Flues No gas heater or other gas burning fixture shall be vented into any chimney, flue or pipe to which any cooking or other heating appliance 4(1 is connected that burns fuel other than gas. No gas heater shall be Heater m installed in a closet. Closet GAS HEATING FURNACES. Every gas heating furnace shall be Gas Furnaces constructed in such a manner as to stand the following test without Test gas escaping to the room above through the hot air pipes: The furnace shall be lighted and allowed to ourn not less than five minutes; it shall then be turned out and the full head of gas turned on for not less than ten minutes. There shall be sufficient draft from the vent pipe to al- low the lighting of the furnace without danger ten minutes after the gas has been turned off. No gas furnace shall be vented into a chim- ney or flue in which any heating, cooking or other appliance is con- nected, that burns fuel other than gas. Section 141. HEATING FURNACES. The top of every heating Healing Furnaces furnace set in brick shall be covered with sheet iron and brick so con- Top structed as to be perfectly tight and shall be supported by iron bars with at least two inches of sand on top of the brick. The top of every portable heating furnace and every smokepipe 1'ortabie shall be not less than two feet from the under side of the nearest joists or girders, where such joists or girders are of wood, excepting where said joists or girders are protected by metal furring strips one and one- half inches deep and metal plates or plaster on metal lath; but in no case shall the top of the furnace or smokepipe be nearer than fifteen inches to the under side of the nearest wood joists or girders. Such protection above such furnace or smokepipe shall extend not less than one foot on each side of such smokepipe and two feet on all sides of such furnace. Every furnace used for heating purposes snail be set on a masonry floor, and no woodwork, or wood lath and plaster shall be Masonry Floor within two feet of such furnace, unless said woodwork or wood lath and plaster is protected by metal furring one and one-half inches deep and metal plates or plaster on metal lath, and in no case shall such woodwork be nearer than fifteen inches to either smokepipe or furnace. Where petroleum or any product of petroleum is used as fuel for a Petroleum Fuel furnace, the said furnace shall be sunk in a concrete or masonry pit, Pit with a concrete floor sunk not less than six inches below the surround- ing floor level. Such pit shall be capable of containing not less than the supply tank or tanks furnishing the fuel for the burner of such fur- nace; provided, that furnaces may be set on the floor level if a pit is constructed either under or at one side of the furnace. If such pit does not have a dirt bottom it shall be constructed of the size specified above. If such pit has a dirt bottom, it shall be not less than one-half the above specified size. There shall be a drain pipe not less than one Drain Pipe (1) inch in diameter, leading to such pit from a concrete basin con- structed so as to catch all leakage from the valves and burner. The drain pipe shall be so arranged that the first gallon of leakage will re- main in the basin, but any further leakage will go through the drain pipe to the pit. If situated at one side, such pit shall have a metal or metal-covered cover. Cover In Class "A" buildings a masonry curb may be built around such Curb in class "A" furnace in lieu of a pit. Buildings Section 142. RESTAURANT AND HOTEL RANGES. All restaurant Restaurant and or hotel ranges which are set on a wooden floor shall be set upon at Hotel Ranges least eight inches of brick work laid on not less than a No. 16 gal- Floor vanized sheet iron pan and if there is any woodwork back of said stove it shall be protected by not less than eight inches of masonry at the back in addition to that required for setting the stove. There shall also be an apron or back above such stove for a distance of two feet, Apron not less than two inches thick, of brick or tile. In no case shall any range set in brick against a masonry wall have any combustible ma- terial between it and the wall. All wood and lath and plaster or wood- en ceilings over all ranges in hotels, restaurants and boarding houses shall be guarded by metal hoods, placed at least nine inches below the Hoods ceilings, or shall be metal lined, on walls and ceiling back of and above the range. All ventilating pipes connected with the hood over a range Vents shall be at least nine inches in diameter and covered with at least two thicknesses of asbestos paper weighing not less than eight pounds to 100 square feet. Section 143. FURNACE PIPES, BOXES AND FITTINGS. All con- Furnace Pipes, cealed wall pipes, register boxes and fittings shall be thoroughly cov- Boxes and Fittings ered with two thicknesses of asbestos paper weighing not less than 47 Wall Pipes Xo Right Angle Bends Steam Pipes Protected Where Passing Through Floors Safe Loads on Soils Footings Borings Inspect Excavations Safe Loads on Masonry Floor and Kool Loads Floors eight pounds to 100 square feet, cemented to same, and after being placed all joints shall be covered in the same manner. All concealed wall pipes and all first floor side wall boxes shall be provided with suitable boots extending to the under side of the floor joists and all joints between the same shall be tightly fitted together and covered as above provided. The boots at the bottom of all risers and side wall register boxes shall be attached at the cime said risers and boxes are placed in the building. All wall pipes from such heater shall have full capacity at all points and shall have no right angle bends. Advantage may be taken of all available space, including lath, plaster and baseboard, for inlets or throats of side wall register boxes on first floor. Section 144. STEAM PIPES. Steam pipes shall not be placed within two inches of any timber or woodwork, unless the timber or woodwork is protected by metal, in which event such distance shall be not less than one inch. All steam pipes passing through floors, ceilings or lath and plaster or wood partitions shall be protected by a metal tube having a metal cap at the floor one inch larger than the pipe passing entirely through said floors, ceiling or partitions. All pipes or ducts used to convey heated air shall be of metal or other non-combustible material. All steam pipe coverings shall consist of non-combustible materials only. PART X. STRENGTH OF MATERIALS. Section 145. SAFE LOADS ON SOILS. Safe loads on sound na- ural soils shall not exceed the following in tons per square foot: Tons. Firm gravel or hard clay not less than eight feet below natural surface 4 Firm gravel or hard dry clay from three to six feet below natural surface ... 3 Firm gravel or hard dry clay less than three feet below natural surface 2 Soft clay or adobe not less than ten feet below the natural surface. . . 3 Soft clay or adobe not less than two feet below natural surface 1 Sandy loam 1 All footings shall be extended through the surface down to firm, undisturbed natural ground. When a doubt arises as to the safe sustaining power of the earth upon which a building is to be erected the Building Inspector may order borings to be made or direct the sustaining power of the soil to be tested by and at the expense of the owner of the proposed building. All excavations shall be inspected by the Building Inspector before any masonry or work is started, and such inspection shall be made within one working day of notification. Section 146. SAFE LOADS ON MASONRY. Allowable safe loads in tons per square foot: Brick work laid in Mortar Lime Common, kiln run 6 Common, selected hard 8 Pressed brick, hard 10 Stone Rubble or Cobblestone, irregular and loosely bonded Stone Rubble coursed, well bonded 6 Stone, Ashlar, with full beds 9 Concrete Cement 1, Sand 2, Stone 4 Concrete Cement 1, Sand 2, Stone 5 Section 147. FLOOR AND ROOF LOADS. building shall be constructed to carry not less than the following live load in pounds per square foot with a factor of safety of four: Warehouses, Wholesale Houses, Heavy Factories 250 Stores and Light Warehouses . 150 Office Buildings: In office rooms proper 75 In all hallways, stairs, lobbies and all rooms for common use of tenants . 100 Lime and Portland Cement Cement 8 13 10 15 12 19 5 10 7 11 12 20 16 14 The floors of every 48 Hotels, Apartment Houses, Lodging Houses and Clubhouses: In private rooms and apartments 60 In all halls, corridors, passageways, stairways, offices, lobbies, diningrooms, cafe and all rooms for public use 100 School Building: In class rooms 60 In corridors, halls and stairways, laboratories and assem- bly rooms 80 Hospitals : In rooms 60 In corridors, etc 80 Theaters, Assembly Halls: In auditoriums with fixed seats 80 In lobbies, passageways, corridors, stairways, and in auditoriums with movable seats 125 Halls used for dancing 150 Tenement Houses: Same as Hospitals. Dwellings and Flats 50 Roofs 17 Roofs Attics used for storage purposes only 40 All ceilings shall be able to support a live and dead load combined of fifteen pounds per square foot. All wood beams, joists and girders shall support the full load for Deflection of which they are designed without deflecting more than one-thirtieth Beams, Etc. (1-30) of an inch for each foot of span. Section 148. FLOOR LOADS IN WAREHOUSES. To prevent Floor Loads in overloading in all warehouses, storehouses, factories, workshops and AVa rehouses stores where heavy materials are to be kept or stored, or machinery introduced, the weight that each floor will safely sustain upon each square foot thereof or upon each varying part of such floor, shall be estimated by a competent person emplowed by the owner or occupant, Load Estimated said estimate shall be posted in a conspicuous place on each story in b ^ Competent the building to which it relates and a copy thereof, signed by the per- son making such estimate, shall forthwith be filed with the Building Inspector for his inspection and approval by the owner of such build- ing. Before any building hereafter erected is occupied and used in whole or in part for any of the purposes aforesaid, and before any building erected prior to the passage of this ordinance, but not at such time occupied for any of the aforesaid purposes, is occupied or used, in whole or in part for any of the said purposes, the weight that each floor will safely sustain upon each square foot thereof shall be ascertained and posted in a conspicuous and permanent place in each story and varying part of each story of the building to which it relates. No per- son shall place or cause to be placed on any floor of any building any greater load than the safe load thereof, as provided in Sections 145 to Limit of Load 149 inclusive. Section 149. WEIGHTS OF MATERIALS. In computing the Weights of strength and weights of walls, floors and materials, a cubic foot of ma- Materials terial shall be deemed to have the weight and strength given in the table of either of the following hand-books: F. E. Kidder's "Architect's and Engineer's Pocket Book," or Haskell's "Mechanics Engineer's Pocket Book/' Trautwine's, Carnegie's or Cambria's Hand-books on Steel, copies of which shall be on file in the office of the Building In- spector. PART XI. FIRE PROTECTION. Section 150. FIRE ESCAPES REQUIRED. It shall be unlawful rire Escapes for any person, firm or corporation, as principal, agent, officer, Required clerk or employee, for himself or itself, or for another person, firm or corporation to construct, erect or maintain any building except dwell- ings, warehouses, ice houses or cold storage plants in which no person except the watchman is regularly employed above the second floor after Exception six o'clock P. M.; also excepting buildings of Class "A" construction which are used exclusively for office purposes above the first floor thereof, and also excepting buildings or structures not exceeding two stories in height of front or rear elevation thereof, without first pro- viding and maintaining on and in such buildings fire escapes, stand- 49 pipes and other fire extinguishing appliances as may be by this ordi- nance required. This section shall apply to buildings already or hereafter erected. Permits for Section 151. PERMITS FOR FIRE ESCAPES. It shall be unlaw- Fire Escapes ful to erect, construct, or change the location of any fire escape in the City of Pasadena without first obtaining a permit so to do, as herein provided. Plans Every person, firm or corporation, before obtaining such permit, shall file with the Building Inspector on a blank to be furnished by said Building Inspector, a written application therefor, together with a copy of the plans and of the specifications for the work proposed to be done under such permit, and shall pay to said Building Inspector for such permit a fee of one dollar. Fees It shall be unlawful for any person, firm or corporation, as prin- r M law fni to cipal, agent, officer, clerk or employee, for himself or itself, or for an- Oceupy other person, firm or corporation owning, having charge or control of any building required by the ordinances of this City to be provided with a fire escape or fire escapes, to permit any portion of said building above the second floor to be occupied by any person or persons until after all fire escapes required by this ordinance shall have been com- pletely installed on said building, in accordance with the requirements of this ordinance, and shall have been inspected and approved by the Building Inspector, as herein provided. Upon the completion of such fire escape or fire escapes upon such building, such person, firm or corporation shall give notice thereof, in writing, to said Building Inspector, whereupon said Building Inspector shall inspect said fire escape or fire escapes, and if the same are con- ortificate structed in accordance with this ordinance a certificate to that effect shall be issued to such person, firm or corporation, without charge. This old Buildings section shall apply to buildings already or hereafter erected. Fire Escapes Section 152. FIRE ESCAPES. Every building mentioned in Sec- tion 150 of this ordinance shall be provided and equipped with metallic fire escapes, combined with metallic balconies, platforms and railings, firmly secured to the outer walls, and erected and arranged in such a way and in such proximity to windows or doors of each story above the first story of such building as to render said fire escapes readily acces- sible from the interior of such building. On every such building there of Fire must be at least one fire escape connected with every floor above the first' floor. Every such building of Classes "B" and "C" containing more than 6000 square feet of floor area on any floor above the first story shall be provided and equipped with an additional fire escape for every additional 6000 square feet of area, or fractional part there- of contained in the floor of largest area above the first story, except such buildings of Classes "B" and "C" used exclusive- ly for office purposes above the first floor thereof, which shall require Additional one additional fire escape for every additional 10,000 square feet of Fire Escapes area or fractional part thereof. Every such building of Class "D" con- struction containing more than 4000 square feet of floor area on any floor above the first story shall be equipped with an additional fire escape for every additional 4000 square feet of floor area, or fractional part thereof, contained in the floor of largest area above the first story. On every building of Class "A" except as hereinbefore provided, there shall be a fire escape for every 10,000 square feet of area, or fractional part threof, in the floor of greatest area above the first story. This Old Buildings section shall apply to buildings already or hereafter erected. Construction of Section 153. CONSTRUCTION OF FIRE ESCAPES. The mater- Fire Escapes ials and mode of construction for fire escapes shall be as follows: Balcony Materials Balcony. The balcony of every fire escape shall be not less than ami Dimensions forty-four inches in width and not less in length than required for stairways and landings provided for in this section. The frame of the platform thereof shall be made of wrought iron or steel angles of the following dimensions : For buildings of Classes "A," "B" and "C," not less than three inches by three inches by five-sixteenths inch, except on the building side of the platform, where the dimensions shall be not less than three inches by four inches by five-sixteenths inch. For a building of Class "D" not less than two inches by two inches by five-sixteenths inch, ex- cept on the building side of the platform, where the dimensions shall be not less than two inches by three inches by five-sixteenths inch. 50 Escape* The angles at the ends of the platform shall extend through the wall and shall be firmly secured by nuts and four inch square washers at least three-eighths inch thick. The floor of the platform shall be made of five-sixteenth inch by Floors two inch wrought iron or steel slats, running at right angles to the face of the building, and placed not more than one inch apart and well secured at each bearing by rivets or bolts. These slats shall be sup- ported at the center by a wrought iron or steel angle not less than three inches by four inches by five-sixteenths inch, securely bolted or riveted at each end to the outer frame of the platform. The balcony shall be provided with an outside top rail made of Top Rail wrought iron or steel angles, of the following dimensions: For buildings of Classes "A," "B" or "C," two inches by two inches "A." "B" and "C" by five-sixteenths inch. Buildings For a building of Class "D," one and one-half inches by one-quarter Top Kail inch. Said rail shall be not less than two feet ten inches above the nass "D" floor of the balcony. The ends of said rail shall extend through the wall and shall be firmly secured by nuts and three inch square washers at least three-eighths of an inch thick. In the space between the rail and the frame of the platform there shall be placed upright standards or filling-in-bars of not less than one-half inch round or square wrought ir'on or steel which, shall be firmly riveted to the top rail and to the frame of the platform, and shall be placed not more than eight inches apart. The opening in the floor of the balcony for the stairway shall be opening in not less than twenty inches by forty inches, provided that no such Floors opening shall be made in any lowest balcony, except as hereinafter provided. The stairway shall be not less than 'eighteen inches in width stairway and shall be constructed as follows: The stringers shall be of steel not less than one-half inch by four stringers inches, the treads shall have a rise of not more than twelve inches and Treads shall be of one-quarter inch by four inch steel with flanges at the ends of each tread, and shall be riveted at each end to the stringer with two five-sixteenths inch rivets. The stairway shall have an inclination of four inches horizontal to twelve inches vertical height, and there shall be a landing not less than twenty inches wide at the top and at Landing the bottom of the stairway. In all cases where the length of the stair- way between balconies exceeds twelve feet, such stairway shall be braced in the center thereof. Such stairway shall be provided with a Braces hand rail at each side of iron pipe not less than one inch in diameter, Rail which shall be continuous from the topmost balcony to the lowest bal- cony. Each platform shall be braced and supported at each end by a strut Platform made of two inch by two inch by five-sixteenths inch wrought iron or steel angle, the upper end of which shall be riveted or bolted to the frame of the platform, and the lower end shall be securely embedded in. the wall; provided that where the platform is more than nine feet in length there shall be an additional support of the description afore- said for each additional four feet or fraction thereof. Such support shall be placed as nearly as practical equidistant. There shall be an iron gooseneck ladder extending from the bal- Gooseneck Ladder cony at the top floor to and above the roof of the building. The por- to Roof tion of the ladder from the balcony to the top of the wall shall be par- allel to the general face of the wall. Such ladder shall be not less than fifteen inches wide. The sides of such ladder shall be made of one-half inch by two inch wrought iron or steel. The rungs thereof shall be made of five-eights inch round wrought iron or steel, placed not more than fourteen inches apart. The base of the ladder shall be securely riveted or bolted to the floor of the balcony. The upper end of the ladder shall be fastened with the bolts to the roof of the building. The ladder shall be well braced with wrought iron or steel brackets, built Braces into or bolted to the wall of the building. These brackets shall be placed not more than four feet apart. All parts and details of the construction of balconies, ladders, Supports stairways and hand rails shall be firmly supported and stiffened so as to be perfectly rigid, durable and secure. Each balcony shall be tested by the owner or builder thereof at his Tests own expense whenever required so to do by the Building Inspector, with a dead load of one hundred pounds per square foot of floor area. If the balcony shows any weakness in construction or anchorage it 51 shall be strengthened at once by the owner or builder and made in every way satisfactory to the Building Inspector. Balconies of equal strength may be built of other fireproof material provided they comply with the other requirements. other Fire In lieu of the above fire escapes, stairways may be built entirely of Escapes non-combustible material, enclosed in a shaft of masonry, not less than eight inches thick if of brick, six inches thick if of concrete, or four inches thick if of reinforced concrete, with all doors opening into the open air. If such shaft is entirely outside of the building it may be en- closed with sheet metal of not less than twenty guage. Such shaft shall run from the ground to above the roof of the building and en- trance into such shaft shall be possible only by passing entirely out of the building into the open air on to a fireproof balcony. Spiral spiral Slides slides of approved type may be used in place of stairs. The doors to such shaft shall be constructed of fireproof material throughout or such shaft shall have standard fire doors. Such doors shall be hung in such a manner as to be self-closing. When the last mentioned type of fire escape is used, if the balconies are constructed of fireproof material, other than metal, the floors having no openings; the windows and other openings opposite said balconies need not have metal frames or wired glass. NO Openings The floor or bottom of the lowest balcony of every fire escape shall in Floors have no opening or open space therein of greater width than one inch, except as hereinafter provided. On Hospitals, Etc. Every fire escape on any hospital, sanatorium, sanitarium or asy- stairways lum shall consist of an iron stairway extending from the ground to the topmost story and shall have a landing at each story communicating with such corridors. The treads of such stairway shall be not less than eight inches wide and the risers shall be not more than seven inches high. Each such stairways shall have a substantial iron railing at least three feet high on its exposed sides. From the landing at the top story Ladder to Roof a metal ladder shall extend to the roof as provided in this ordinance for other fire escapes. old Buildings This section shall apply to buildings already or hereafter erected. Passageways to Section 154. PASSAGEWAYS TO FIRE ESCAPES. In buildings Fire Escapes already erected, where the fire escape cannot be so placed as to be ac- oid Buildings cessible from the hall or corridor and where the only means of reach- ing the fire escape is through a room, then the door to such room shall be a sash door, and upon said door or on the wall contiguous to the same there shall be conspicuously painted or printed the words "To Electric Sign Fire Escape, the letters to be not less than three inches in height; and over said door there shall be suspended a light of not less than eight candle power enclosed in a colored globe, which said light shzJl be kept continuously lighted from sunset to sunrise of each succeeding day. Hallways to Section 155. HALLWAYS TO FIRE ESCAPES. The exterior fire Fire Escapes escape or fire escapes required by this ordinance on every building hereafter erected or remodeled shall be located at the end of a hall or passageway. The walls and ceilings of every such hall and passage- way shall be constructed of the materials prescribed by this ordinance for elevator shafts in buildings of the class to which such building be- longs. Windows Section 156. WINDOWS ADJOINING FIRE ESCAPES. Every Adjoining Fire window adjoining any part or portion of a fire escape (except the top Escapes balcony), attached to the wall through which such window opens, shall have a metal frame and metal sash glazed with wire glass not less than Doors one-fourth inch thick. Every door in an exterior wall leading to or opening upon any fire escape shall be made as hereinafter provided for fire shutters and shall be glazed with wire glass not less than one- fourth inch thick. Such glass shall be not less than twenty-two inches by thirty-six inches. Such doors shall have a metal frame and be hung in such a manner so as not to obstruct the balcony. Old Buildings This section shall apply to buildings already or hereafter erected, Exceptions provided that windows in existing buildings of Classes "A," "B" and "C" may have the frames, sash and casings entirely covered with metal inside and out, and the wired glass set with metal stops held in place with screws; or they may be covered on the inside with a coun- 52 terbalanced steel shutter, released in case of fire by a fusible link, to automatically close the opening and cover all casings not protected with metal. In Class "D" buildings already or hereafter erected, the inside of the sash shall be metal covered and the wired glass shall be held in place by metal stops. Such stops shall be fastened with screws. Section 157. OBSTRUCTIONS TO FIRE ESCAPES. It shall be obstructions to unlawful to attach, fasten or tie, or to permit, allow or suffer to be at- Fire Escapes tached, fastened or tied to any fire escape any sign, rope, cable, wire, standard, brace or support that is not by this ordinance required to be attached, fastened or tied thereto. It shall be unlawful in any manner or by any means to obstruct, or obstruct Hails to permit, allow or suffer to be obstructed, any hallway or passageway leading to a fire escape. It shall be unlawful to obstruct, or to permit, allow or suffer to be obstructed in any manner or by any means, any fire escape or portion thereof. This section shall apply to buildings already or hereafter erected. Location of Section 158. LOCATION OF FIRE ESCAPES AND STAND- Fire Escapes and PIPES. The Building Inspector shall have power to determine the lo- standpipes cation of all fire escapes and standpipes, and the number thereof, in cases in which the number and location thereof is not fixed by this ordi- nance; said Building Inspector shall have power to inspect the same to see that they are properly constructed and maintained, as required by this ordinance. Before a building permit is issued for any building re- quired to have fire escapes, or standpipes, the plans therefor shall be Plans submitted to said Building Inspector and the location and number of such fire escapes must be designated by the said Building Inspector and indorsed on such plans. If the Building Inspector finds that any building now existing or in course of construction or hereafter to be constructed does not comply with any of the provisions of this ordi- nance in regard to fire escapes or standpipes, such building Inspector shall give written notice of such deficency to the owner, lessee or oc- Notice cupant of such building, requiring such owner, lessee or occupant with- in thirty days after the receipt of such notice to make such building conform to the said provisions of this ordinance. It shall be unlawful for the owner, lessee or occupant of such building to use or occupy such Unlawful to building or permit or suffer the same to be used or occupied after the Occupy expiration of said thirty days from the receipt of said notice, unless the same has within that time been made to conform to the provisions of this ordinance and a certificate of such conformity has been issued by said Building Inspector. The Building Inspector may, by notice in writing, extend the time. Secton 159. STANDPIPES. Every building of three, four or five standpipes stories in height shall have attached to the outside of the exterior walls or embedded therein, one or more metallic standpipes at least four Number inches in diameter, which shall extend from a point four feet six inches above the sidewalk to and over the roof of such building and at each story there shall be a branch gate valve therein; and there shall be a Gate Valves and two-way Siamese inlet attached to each standpipe not more than four inlets feet six inches above the line of the sidewalk, and an outlet over the roof consisting of two valves provided with a cap and chains. Every building of six or seven stories in height shall have outside six or Seven of the exterior walls or embedded therein, one or more metallic stand- stories pipes at least five inches in diameter, each of which shall have a four- way Siamese inlet attached thereto, not more than four feet six inches above the line of the sidewalk, and at each story there shall be a gate valve provided with a cap and chain; there shall be an outlet at the end of each standpipe, over the roof, which shall be connected with a three-way Siamese outlet having gate valves and provided with caps and chains. Every building of eight or more stories in height shall havfc at- Over Seven stories tached to the putside of the exterior walls thereof or embedded there- in, one or more metallic standpipes at least six inches in diameter, each of which shah have a four-way Siamese inlet attached thereto, not more than four feet six inches above the line of the sidewalk; and at each such story there shall be a gate valve provided with a cap and chain. There shall be an outlet at the end of each such standpipe, over the roof, which shall be connected with a three-way Siamese outlet 53 Pressure At Fire Escape Size of Connection Couplings Brass Couplings Old Buildings Interior Standpipes Three to Five Stories Tank on Roof Old Buildings Basement Pipe Inlets Old Buildings Metal Frames, Wire Glass Fire Doors and Shutters Wire Glass having gate valves and provided with cap and chajns. All connections for such inlets and outlets shall be not less than three incnes in diameter. All standpipes, by this section required, shall be capable of sus- taining a hydrostatic pressure of three hundred pounds to the square inch throughout their entire length, after the same are erected. On every building where standpipes are required there shall be a standpipe in connection with every fire escape required by this ordi- nance, provided that buildings of Class "A" over three stories in height shall have at least one standpipe for every eighty feet of street or alley frontage or fractional part thereof. The line of such stand- pipe shall be parallel and adjacent to the vertical line of the fire es- capes, whenever such fire escapes occur, in that part of the frontage of such building in which a standpipe is required to be placed or installed by this ordinance. Every inlet and outlet connection or branch or Siamese for which provision is made in this section shall be not less than three inches across its inside diameter. Every coupling for a fire escape connection with every such con- nection, branch or Siamese, for which provision is made in this section, shall be kept and maintained of a size that will permit the standard fire hose coupling of the City of Pasadena to be coupled therewith in the usual manner. Every such inlet and outlet or, branch or Siamese, together with the coupling thereto and the valve or valves and gate or gates thereof, shall be of brass, and shall be kept covered at all times, when not in actual use, with a cap and chain of brass. This section shall apply to buildings already or hereafter erected. Section 160. INTERIOR STANDPIPES. Inside of every building over two stories in height, except those of Class "A"; dwellings, churches, cold storage plants and ice houses, there shall be installed and maintained interior standpipes extending from a direct connection with the city water main (such connection to be of not less diameter than that of the standpipe), to and above the roof of the building as follows: Buildings of three stories in height and not over five stories in height shall have such standpipes of not less than one and one-half inches internal diameter; buildings of over five stories in height shall have such standpipes of not less than two inches internal diameter. Such standpipes shall have a one and one-half inch hose connection on each floor and roof, with sufficient standard one and one-half inch fire hose (and suitable nozzle) attached thereto to reach all points of such floor. Such standpipes and hose shall be located and maintained to the satisfaction of the Building Inspector. If the height of such building renders the available water pressure insufficient to throw a reasonable stream of water from such standpipes through such fire hose, then such standpipes shall be connected to a tank containing not less than one thousand gallons of water upon the roof of the building. This section shall apply to buildings already or hereafter erected. Section 161. BASEMENT PIPE INLETS. The cellar or basement of any store, warehouse or factory shall have through its ceiling a pipe inlet with a cover flush with the floor above. Said pipe inlet shall be not less than eight inches in diameter and shall be kept free from any obstruction. There shall be one pipe inlet for every fifty feet in width or frac- tion thereof, and one pipe inlet for every eighty feet or fraction there- of in length of such cellar or basement. This section shall apply to buildings already or hereafter erected. Section 162. METAL FRAMES, WIRE GLASS, FIRE DOORS, SHUTTERS. Every exterior window or opening in any building with- in Fire District No. 1 (except windows and openings located in a court twenty feet or more in width in any Class "B" or "C" building opening upon a street or alley and sixteen feet in width in any Class "A" build- ing, and except windows and openings in walls of Class "D" construc- tion, dwellings, churches and schoolhouses) situated within thirty feet in any direction of a wall or roof of any building, or an adjacent wall of the same building (provided that in Class "A" buildings the distance may be sixteen feet in place of thirty feet), other than a blank masonry wall, shall have metal frames and sash, glazed with wire glass not less than one-fourth inch thick, no light of which said glass sliall be larger than forty-two by seventy-two inches; said metal frames and sash shall be constructed of heavy galvanized iron, and all joints shall be locked and riveted without solder; or such openings may be protected with standard fire doors or shutters constructed, arranged and hung in ac- Fire Door cordance with the specifications prescribed in this ordinance for doors Shutters closing communicating openings; provided, however, that rolling iron, or steel shutters in lieu of such metal frames and sash may be used on the first story of any such building, and such shutters shall be counter- balanced in such a manner as to be readily opened from the outside. All doors opening upon fire escape balconies shall be so arranged as to be readily opened from the outside. Communicating Openings Openings through exterior, division or party walls, whereby communication is made with an adjoining build- Openings ing or room, shall not exceed ten feet in width or be more than three in number in any one story, and shall have metal covered fire doors on each side of each such opening constructed and arranged as specified in this section. Any fire door or rolling shutter which bears the Na- tional Underwriter's stamp of approval for the same purpose may be used in lieu of any doors or shutters mentioned in this section. Construction All fire doors or shutters shall be constructed in con- Construction formity with the following specifications: Such doors shall be con- structed of two or three thicknesses of matched redwood boards, and such shutters shall be constructed of two thicknesses of matched red- wood boards. All doors not over twenty-five feet in area shall be con- sidered shutters. In each case such boards shall be not over six inches wide, at right angles to each other, or crossing diagonally, nailed with wire nails clinched, and covered on both sides and on all edges with sheet tin not more than fourteen inches by twenty inches in size, joined with lock joint and nailed to the woodwork, nails to be driven inside the lap and the joints hammered down over the nail heads. No solder shall be used. The hinges, bolts and latches of such doors shall Hinges be secured or fastened to the door or shutter after the tin has been nailed on. No door shall be less than tw r o and five-eighths inches in thickness, nor shutters less than one and three-fourths inches in thick- ness. Hinges and nangers shall be of strong wrought iron and fastened to the door or shutter with bolts and nuts. Latches shall be so ar- ranged on the shutters that they can be opened from either side. Swinging doors and swinging shutters shall close into an opening Swinging Doors provided in the wall, whicn wall shall be rabbetted three inches at the top and sides and one and one-half inches at the bottom to receive the same; provided that, in buildings erected before the passage of this ordinance, swinging doors and swinging shutters must close into the openings; but the rabbet may be omitted. All sliding doors shall extend at least three inches over the mason- Sliding Doors ry at sides and top of the doorway or opening, and one and one-half inches below the top of the sill. Sliding doors may run at the bottom in a channel iron so set as to give the door a bearing of one and one- half inches below the top of the sill. Sills shall break the floor and rise at least one inch above the floor Sills level, and shall be constructed of metal or masonry. Wood sills shall not be used. The rail or track must be heavy enough to withstand heat without Kail warping, and may be made of angle or channel iron, and both rails must be secured to the wall wnenever possible by bolts passing through the wall, otherwise "expansion" bolts shall be used. When channel or angle iron cannot be obtained, tne track may be made of common flat bar steel not less than three-eighths inch thick and four inches wide, bolted through the wall with three-fourths inch bolts. The distance of the track from the wall may be regulated by washers. Stops shall be placed so as to prevent the door from rolling off the stops track at either end, and hold it in position when closed. Occupants of all buildings provided wtth fire doors and shutters shall close the said fire doors and shutters at the close of business each day. This section shall apply to all buildings already or hereafter oid Buildings erected, except that openings in existing buildings which are situated 55 Theaters Character of Construction Existing Buildings Permit to Use Frontage and Courts Courts Width Corridor Ceilings and Floors Doors Obstructions Main Entrance Proscenium Opening Definition of Street sixteen feet or more in any direction from the wall of another building or the adjacent walls of the same building need not have fire doors or fire shutters. PART XII. THEATERS. Section 163. CHARACTER OF CONSTRUCTION. All theaters and theater buildings shall be of Class "A" construction throughout. No building which, at the time of the passage of this ordinance, is not in actual use for theatrical or operatic purposes, and no building here- after erected not in conformity with the requirements of this ordinance, shall be used for theatrical or operatic performances, or for public en- tertainments of any kind, until the same shall have been made to con- form with the requirements of this ordinance. All existing buildings in use as theaters at the time of the passage of this ordinance shall be made to comply with the provisions thereof under the direction and supervision of the Building Inspector, to such an extent as may be deemed necessary and practicable by said Building Inspector, except where specially mentioned in th following sections, in which case they shall be made to comply with said sections. No building herein described shall be maintained or opened to the public for theatrical or operatic purposes, or for public entertainments of any kind, until the Building Inspector shall have approved the same in writing as conforming to the requirements of this ordinance. Section 164. FRONTAGE AND COURTS. Every theater or theater building shall have at least one frontage on a street, and in such frontage there shall be suitable means of entrance and exit for the audience. In addition to the aforesaid entrances and exits on a street there shall be an open court or space on the side thereof not bordering on a street, where said building is located on a corner lot, and on both sides of said building where there is but one frontage thereof on a street. The width of such open court or courts shall not be less than six feet where the seating capacity of such theater is not more than 1000 persons; where such seating capacity is more than 1000 persons and not more than 1500 persons, such court or courts shall be eight feet in width, and where such seating capacity is more than fifteen hundred persons, such court or courts shall be ten feet in width. Such open court or courts shall be continuous from the proscenium wall of such theater to the wall separating the same from the entrance lobby or vestibule. A separate corridor shall continue to the street or alley from each such open court through such structure as may be built on the street side of the auditorium, with continuous walls of brick or fire- proof materials on each side of the entire length of said corridor or corridors, and the ceiling and floors of such corridor shall be fireproof. Such corridor or corridors shall not be less than five feet in width and there shall be no obstruction in said corridor or corridors. The outer ends or openings of such court or corridor shall be provided with doors or gates opening toward the street, full width of corridors. During the performance or presence of the audience in such theater, the doors or gates in the corridors shall be kept open by proper fastenings; at other times they may be closed and fastened by movable bolts or locks. The said open courts and corridors shall not be used for storage pur- poses, or for any purpose whatsoever, except for exit and entrance from and to the auditorium and stage, and must be kept free and clear of obstruction during performances in such theater. The elevation of the floors of said corridors at the front entrance to the building shall be continuous with the sidewalk where they begin at the street en- trance. The entrance in the main front of the building shall not be on a lower elevation than the sidewalk, and shall in no case be more than twenty-eight inches above the sidewalk, and gradients shall be ex- clusively used in all exits and approaches from the first floor levels to the street or alley. The proscenium openings of every theater shall be parallel to the principal street frontage of the building in which such theater is lo- cated, and the foyer and lobby, or foyer or lobby, of such theater shall extend at substantially right angles to such proscenium opening and to such principal street frontage. For the purposes of this section, no al- ley or place or court shall be considered, deemed or held to be a street. 56 Section 165. THEATER ON CORNER LOT SPECIAL REQUIRE- Theater on MENTS UNDER CERTAIN CONDITIONS. In a theater building, or a Comer Lots building in which a theater is located on a corner lot, that portion of the premises bordering on the street and not required for use of the theater may, if such portion be not more than twenty-five feet in width, be used for offices, stores or apartments, provided the walls separating stores, Etc. such portion of such building from the theater proper are carried up solidly without openings to and through the roof, and that a fireproof passage or corridor be provided for each gallery, equal in width to the Passageways combined width of the exits from the gallery of the theater which it is intended to accommodate; such passage or corridor shall lead directly to the street or alley by means of fireproof stairs or may run on a level directly through the face of that portion of the building bordering on the street to balconies and stairs leading to the ground as hereinbefore provided; or a fireproof court shall be provided as elsewhere described in this ordinance. There shall be no means of communication between said passages, corridors, courts, or balconies and stairs and the of- fice, store and apartment section of the building except for the private offices of the theater. Section 166. FOYERS, LOBBIES, ETC. The aggregate capacity Foyers, Lobbies, of the foyers, lobbies, corridors, passages and rooms for the conven- Etc. ience of the audience, not including aisle space or the space between Capacity seats, in every theater or portion of a building usd as a theater, shall on each floor and gallery thereof be sufficient to contain the entire number to be accommodated on said floor or gallery, in the ratio of 150 superficial square feet of floor room for every 100 persons, but no public main hall, lobby or corridor shall be less than six (6) feet wide anywhere. Gradients or inclined planes shall be employed instead of Gradients steps to overcome differences of level in the aisles on the main floor and in the corridors and passages leading from all floors or galleries of any such theater. This section shall apply to buildings already or here- after erected in so far as it relates to gradients. Section 167. INTERIOR WALLS. Fireproof walls shall separate interior Walls the auditorium of such theater from the entrance vestibule, and from any room or rooms over such vestibule, from any lobbies, corridors, refreshment or other rooms. All staircases for the use of the audience of such theater shall be enclosed with walls of masonry or of fireproof materials. The openings to the staircases from each gallery in said theater shall be full width of said staircases. No door shall open im- mediately upon a flght of stairs, but a landing at least the width of the Landing door shall be provided between such stairs and such door. Every such stairway landing shall be capable of sustaining a load of not less than Load 125 pounds per square foot with factor of safety of four, and shall be of fireproof construction. Section 168. PROSCENIUM WALL. A fire wall built of masonry Proscenium Wall shall separate the auditorium of every theater from the stage thereof and such wall shall extend at least three (3) feet above the stage roof, or the auditorium roof if the latter be the higher. Above the proscen- ium opening there shall be an iron, steel or reinforced concrete girder. Should there be constructed an orchestra balcony above the stage and orchestra Balcony above the proscenium opening, such orchestra balcony shall be placed on the auditorium side of the proscenium fire wall, and shall be en- tered only from the auditorium side of said wall. The moulded frame around the proscenium opening shall be constructed entirely of fire- Opening proof materials. If metal is used, said metal shall be filled in solid to such proscenium wall with non-combustible material and securely- anchored to such wall with iron. The proscenium opening shall be pro- vided with a fireproof curtain of asbestos or other fireproof material, Curtain and shall slide at each end within iron grooves securely fastened to the brick wall and shall extend into such iron grooves to a depth of not less than six inches on each side of the opening. Said fireproof curtain shall be raised at the commencement of each performance and lowered at the close thereof, and shall be operated by machinery for that pur- pose, and shall be hung from the proscenium wall by means of iron or steel rods, chains or brackets securely fastened to such wall; and shall be balanced in such manner that it will slide down automatically when released, and it shall be so arranged that it may be operated at each side of the proscenium arch and from the fly gallery. The proscenium curtains shall be placed at least two feet distant from the footlights at 57 Door in Pros- cenium Wall Old Buildings Partitions Doors Dressing: Rooms Windows Stage and Other Floors Stage Pin Kails, Etc. Foyer or Entrance Lobbies Width Doorways Common Exit Inside Stairways Width Risers and Treads Winding Stairs the nearest point. No doorway or opening through the proscenium wall from the auditorium shall be allowed above the first floor, and such first floor openings shall have fireproof doors on each face of the walls, and the doors shall be hung so as to be opened from either side at all times, and be self-closing. This section shall apply to buildings already or hereafter erected. Section 169. PARTITIONS. The walls separating the dressing rooms from the stage and the partitions dividing the dressing rooms, together with the partitions of every passageway from such dressing rooms to the stage, and all other partitions on or about the stage, shall be constructed of fireproof material. All doors in any of the said par- titions shall be fire doors. All shelving and cupboards in each and every dressing room, property room or other storage rooms shall be constructed of metal, slate or other equally efficient fireproof material. Dressing rooms may be placed in the fly galleries, provided the proper exits are secured therefrom to the fire escapes in the open courts, and the stairs leading to the same shall be fireproof. The dressing rooms shall have an exit leading directly into a court, street or alley, and shall be ventilated by windows in the external wall or otherwise. No dress- ing room shall be more than one story below street level. All windows in any theater, except those of street front, shall have metal frames and metal sash, glazed with wire glass not less than one- fourth inch thick. All windows to dressing rooms shall be made to open and shall not be obstructed with grills or bars. This section shall apply to buildings already or hereafter erected in so far as it affects exits and windows. Section 170. STAGE AND OTHER FLOORS. All floors through- out the entire theater building, or the portion of a building used as a theater, shall be of Class "A" construction, except that portion of the stage immediately back of the proscenium opening, and of equal width with such proscenium opening, may be of wood construction. Pro- vided, however, that a fiinishing covering of wooden flooring boards on wood sleepers, embedded in concrete, may be laid in other portions of such structure, except in the fly galleries thereof. The pin rails, rigging-loft and gridiron and all other fixtures about the stage of such building, or portion of a building, shall be of iron or steel or other fireproof material. Section 171. FOYER OR ENTRANCE LOBBIES, ETC. The foyer or entrance lobby, or the foyer and entrance lobby, of every theater de- signed to seat not more than 600 persons, on the first floor and first gal- lery floor thereof, shall have a uniform width of not less than sixteen feet ; and the width thereof, where said seating capacity is designed for more than 600 persons, shall be increased in the ratio of one foot for each additional 100 persons, or fractional part thereof, to be seated in such theater as aforesaid. Every wall or partition extending to the ceiling or otherwise sep- arating the first floor from the foyer .or entrance lobby, or foyer and entrance lobby, shall be pierced by a doorway opposite each aisle in such auditorium, which doorway shall be not less than five feet in width and not less than seven feet in height; provided, however, that such doorways opposite wall aisles shall be not less than four feet in width. The foyer or lobby, or the foyer and lobby, of every theater may be used as a common exit only for the main floor and the first gallery, in- cluding their boxes. Section 172. INSIDE STAIRWAYS. All stairs within a theater or in that portion of a building used as a theater, shall be constructed of fireproof material throughout. Stairs from balconies and galleries shall not communicate with a basement or cellar. All stairs in each flight shall have treads of uniform width and risers of uniform height. Stairways in such theaters designed to accommodate not more than fifty people shall be at least four feet wide, and for each fifty persons in 'addition to such fifty, such stairways shall be increased not less than six inches in width. In no case shall the risers of any ^stairs exceed seven and one-half inches in height; nor shall the treads, exclusive of nosings, be less than ten and one-half inches wide. No circular -or winding stairs for the use of the public shall be permitted. All such stairways shall be of a width proportionate to the seating capacity as in this ordinance provided. 58 At least two independent stairways, or other exits, with direct ex- stairways for terior outlets, shall be provided for the service of the stage and shall stage be located on the opposite 'sides thereof. All inside stairways leading to an upper gallery in such theater shall be enclosed on both sides with walls of fireproof material. Stairs leading to the first or lower gallery in such theater may be left open on one side only. When such straight stairs return directly on themselves, a landing without steps of the full width of both flights shall be provided. The outer line of the wall of such landings shall be curved to a radius of not less than two feet. Such stairs turning at an angle shall have a landing without winders introduced at the turn. Where two or more flights of stairs connect with one main flight, no winders shall be introduced, and the width of the main flights shall be at least equal to the aggregate width of the side flights. All such stairs shall have landings introduced at convenient distances. All such inclosed stair- ways shall have a hand rail on each side thereof firmly secured to the Hand Kail walls, not more than two inches distant therefrom and not more than three feet above such stairs or landing. Such handrails shall not be required on level platforms or landings which are of greater length than the width of the connecting stairs. All such staircases eight feet or more in width shall be provided with a center handrail of metal, not less than two inches in diameter, placed at a height of not more than three feet above the treads, and supported on wrought metal or brass standards, placed not nearer than four feet, nor more than six feet apart, and securely fastened to the stairs. Sction 173. AISLES AND SEATS. All aisles on the respective Aisles ami S floors of the theater having seats on both sides of the same, shall not be less than three feet six inches wide where they begin and shall be increased in width toward the exits in the ratio of one and one-half inches to five running feet. Aisles having seats on one side only shall be not less than three feet wide at their beginning and shall be in- creased in width one and one-half inches to ten running feet. All seats in the theater shall be firmly secured to the floor, ex- cepting those contained in boxes or rest rooms, and shall be not less than thirty-two inches from back to back, measured in a horizontal direction. No seat shall have more than six seats intervening between it and an aisle. No stool or seat shall be placed in any aisle. Section 174. EXITS. In every theater there shall be not less than Exits two exits from each side of the main floor and each side of every: gal- lery into the open courts of such theater, or into a street or alley. Each of such exits shall be not less than five feet in width and shall open from the aisle or aisles and be on the level of the theater connecting end of such aisle or aisles. The doors of such exits may be made of wood and hung in wood frames. The exterior of such doors and the ex- Doors terior of such frames shall be covered with lock seam tin or pressed iron or may be steel, and such doors shall be held shut by a device which readily yields to the direct pressure of one person. All such doors Doors to shall be hung to open outwardly and when open shall not obstruct any Open Out court, passageway, corridor, stairway, exit or balcony. The exterior balconies and stairs, and balcony or stairs, leading ulterior Balconies from a gallery in every theater, shall be constructed of iron or steel of sufficient strength to sustain a load of eighty pounds per square foot of floor area with a factor of safety of four. Every such balcony and stairs or balcony or stairs, constructed directly above any other such balcony or stairs or balcony and stairs, shall have solid iron or steel steps and floor. Every such balcony and stairs or balcony or stairs shall be constructed wholly within private property lines and shall not extend in whole or in part over or upon street or sidewalk lines. This section shall apply to buildings already or hereafter erected, oid Buildings Section 175. GALLERY FRONTS AND WAINSCOTING. All parts Gallery Fronts and of every gallery or box in every theater, except the balustrade capping, Wainscoting shall be formed of fireproof material; provided, however, that wains- coting of wood may be used to a height not to exceed six feet, provided such wainscoting is backed solidly by fireproof walls or partitions. Section 176. STAIRWAYS AND EXITS FROM BALCONIES AND stairways and GALLERIES. Every balcony or gallery in a theater shall have at least K* from two exits and stairways (in addition to side exits to open courts, streets Balconies and or alleys mentioned in Section 174) connecting therewith, one of such Galleries 59 exits and stairways shall be located on each side of such balcony or gallery; where such balcony or gallery has a seating capacity of less than seven hundred and fifty persons, each of such exits shall be not less than five feet in width. Where such balcony has a seating capacity Additional of more than seven hundred and fifty persons, an additional exit and stairway stairway separate and apart from every other exit and stairway and leading directly to the street shall be provided. stairway from Every stairway from the topmost gallery (above the first gallery) Gallery of every theater shall be constructed without winders and shall lead directly to the street, and shall be fireproof and enclosed by fireproof walls and ceiling; said walls shall have no openings therein other than window openings containing metal frames with metal sash glazed with wired glass not less than one-fourth inch thick. Every such stairway shall be not less than four feet in width and such width shall be in- creased six inches for each and every fifty persons, or part of such number of persons, in excess of fifty, which such stairway is designed to accommodate. old Buildings This section shall apply to buildings already or hereafter erected, stage Ventilation Section 177. VENTILATION OF STAGE. There shall be provided over the stage of every theater and directly to and through the ceiling thereof, and to, through and at least ten feet above the roof of the Flues building in which said theater is located, two metal flues, each of which shall be at least thirty-six inches in diameter, and shall be securely stayed. The tops of such flues may be closed with an over-balanced metal disk, hinged at one side thereof, and held closed, or nearly so, by a metal catch. Said catch shall be liberated by a wire or metal cord in each fly gallery, marked "To ventilate stage and clear of smoke, pull this cord," also by a closed electric circuit, operated from the fly galleries and from the box office, by a lever marked "To ventilate stage and clear of smoke, push this lever to the right." old Buildings This section shall apply to buildings already or hereafter erected. Lights Over Section 178. LIGHTS OVER EXITS. Over every exit from a Exits theater and not more than one foot above such exit and on the inside thereof, there shall be placed and maintained a metal box, the front of which shall be colored glass upon which shall be inscribed in visable letters not less than five inches in height the word "EXIT." There shall be placed and maintained within each such metal box a lamp in which only mineral, sperm or other non-explosive oil is burned, or not less than two incandescent electric lamps of not less tnan four candle power each. All such lamps shall be lighted previous to a performance and before the opening of the doors to such theater and shall be kept continuously lighted until the audience shall have departed from the premises. This section shall apply to buildings already or hereafter erected. Section 179. WORKSHOPS, STORAGE ROOMS, PROPERTY ROOMS. No workshop, storage or general property room shall be al- lowed on the auditorium side of the proscenium wall, nor above nor under the stage, nor in any of the fly galleries of any theater. All such rooms or shops may be located in the rear or at the side of the stage, but in such cases they shall be separated from the stage by a brick wall, and the openings leading into such portions shall have fireproof doors on each side of the opening constructed and arranged as speci- fied in this ordinance. No portion of any building hereafter erected or altered, used or intended to be used for theatrical purposes, shall be Building Used for occupied or used as a hotel, boarding or lodging house, factory, work- Hotel, Etc. shop, or manufactory, or for storage purposes except as specially pro- vided for. Said restriction relates not only to that portion of the build- ing which contains the auditorium and the stage but applies also to the entire structure in conjunction therewith. store Keeping No store or room contained in the building, nor the offices, stores Hazardous Goods or apartments adjoining, as aforesaid, shall be let or used for carrying on any business dealing in articles designated as especially hazardous in the classification of the Board of Fire Underwriters of the Pacific Coast nor for manufacturing purposes. No lodging accommodations shall be allowed in any part of the building communicating with the auditorium. Boilers. Heaters, Section 180. BOILERS AND HEATING APPARATUS. No steam Etc. boiler or heater shall be located under the auditorium, stage, property room or main entrance of any theater, and there shall be no communi- Old Buildings Work Shops, Storage Rooms, Etc. 60 cation between such parts of the theater and the boiler room except through the open air. The space allotted to such boiler or heater shall be enclosed by walls of masonry on all sides, and by a ceiling of metal lath and plaster. All openings of such enclosure shall be provided with fireproof doors. No floor register for heating shall be placed in any Floor Register such theater; except where same is a direct outlet from a fireproof plenum chamber, nor shall any coil or radiator be placed in any aisle or passageway thereof used as an exit therefrom, but same shall be placed in a recess built in the wall or partition thereof to receive the same. Every supply, return or exhaust pipe shall be properly encased and protected where passing through the floors or woodwork. This section shall apply to buildings already or hereafter erected, old Buildings Section 181. FIRE PROTECTION. In addition to the provisions Fire Protection in this ordinance elsewhere contained, every theater shall be provided with the apparatus, appliances and equipment in this section provided, to-wit: Standpipes two inches in diameter shall be provided on every tloor Stndplp and gallery as follows, viz: One on each side of the auditorium and one in each gallery; at least one in the property room and one in the car- penter shop, if the same be contiguous to the building. All such stend- pipes shall be kept clear from obstruction. Said standpipes shall be separate and distinct from each other and shall receive their supply of water direct from the city main through a connection of the same area as the standpipe. To said standpipes shall be attached, ready for im- mediate use, not less than twenty-five feet of the best quality linen hose with nozzle attached. Said hose shall be hung on a suitable rack. Ho&e ami Nozzle Standpipes shall be kept filled with water at all times and ready for immediate use. A separate and distinct system of pipes and automatic sprinklers, Sprinkler System approved by the Building Inspector, supplied with water from a sep- arate and direct connection with a city main, shall be installed, the size of which connection and pipe shall be regulated by the number of sprinklers installed in accordance with the following table, to-wit: Size of Pipe. Maximum Number of Sprinklers Allowed. % inch 1 Sprinkler 1 i ncn 2 Sprinklers 1^4 inch . '. 4 Sprinklers iy 2 inch 8 Sprinklers 2 inch 16 Sprinklers 2y 2 inch 28 Sprinklers 3 inch 48 Sprinklers 3% inch 78 Sprinklers 4 i nc h 110 Sprinklers 5 i nc h ' 150 Sprinklers 6 inch 200 Sprinklers Said sprinklers shall be installed throughout the entire stage section back of the proscenium opening as follows: Underneath the roof above the stage, under all fly galleries, in all dressing rooms, property rooms, carpenter shops, paint rooms, store rooms, passageways, and all places back of the proscenium wall. The number of sprinklers to be used will be determined by the Number of amount of area to be sprinkled, provided that for each area of thirty- Sprinklers six (36) square feet, or fraction thereof, of area herein required to be protected by such sprinklers there shall be provided and set in place one such sprinkler. A gate valve of the same area as the connection at street water main shall be placed in the main supply pipe. All piping against a wall, joist, girder, beam or rafter shall be sup- ported in a substantial manner by wrought or cast iron hangers, and at some convenient point in the highest part of the sprinkler system shall be placed a one-fourth inch Pet Cock. All sprinklers shall be hung in a perpendicular position unless their location renders it impractica- 8 S There shall be kept in readiness for immediate use on the stage Fire Barrels at least four 36-gallon barrels filled with water and two buckets to each barrel which barrels and buckets shall be painted red on the outside, charged and ready for use. There shall also be provided four liquid chenLal fire extinguishers, charged and ready for use, at least .four axes, one twenty-foot hook, one fifteen-foot hook and two ten-foot hooks A 61 on the stage. Every portion of the building devoted to the use of the public and every outlet leading to a street or alley, including open courts and corridors, shall be well lighted by electricity during every performance, and shall remain so lighted until the audience shall have Electric- Lights left the premises. All lights in the halls, corridors, lobbies or any and Cut-off other part of said building used by the audience, except the auditorium, must be controlled by a separate shut-off located in the lobby and con- Gas Mains trolled only from that particular place. Gas mains supplying the build- ing shall have independent connections for the workshops, fly galleries, and stage, and provision shall be made for shutting off gas from the outside of the building. All lights in passageways and corridors in said building shall be protected with proper wire network. old Buildings This section shall apply to buildings already or hereafter erected. Fire Department Section 182. FIRE DEPARTMENT SUPERVISION. It shall be Supervision the duty of the owner, agent or lessee of every theater to employ one Firemen or more competent experienced firemen, approved by the Chief En- gineer of the Fire Department. Said firemen shall report at least once Report to chief a week to the Chief Engineer of the Fire Department at his office, and be subject to his orders at all times. Said Chief Engineer of the Fire Department shall keep a record of the names of all such firemen, and of the date upon which each reports. Such fireman or firemen shall be on duty in uniform at such theater during the whole performance, ex- amine previous to each performance all fire apparatus required by this ordinance, and see that the same is in proper place and is in good working order. Such fireman or firemen shall keep diligent watch during every performance for fires and take prompt measures for ex- tinguishing any fires that may occur; and shall not be required or per- mitted while on duty as such fireman or firemen to act as scene shifter, or stage hand, or to do any other work or perform any duties or service other than as herein specified. May Enter The Mayor and members of the City Council, the Building Inspec- Buiiding Any tor, the Commissioners and Chiefs of the Fire Department and of the Tims Police Department shall have a right to enter at any time any building used for theatrical or operatic purposes or for public entertainments of any kind. PART XIII. MOVING PICTURE THEATERS. Moving Picture Section 183. PERMIT TO CONDUCT. It shall be unlawful for Theaters any person, firm or corporation, as principal, agent, officer, clerk or em- ivrmit to Conduct ployee, for himself or itself, or for another person, firm or corporation to hold, conduct or carry on, or to cause or permit to be held, con- ducted or carried on, any moving picture exhibition, or any entertain- ment at which moving pictures are exhibited, without a permit therefor in writing, granted by the Building Inspector as hereinafter provided. How obtained Any person, firm or corporation desiring to obtain a permit to hold, con- duct or carry on a moving picture exhibition or any entertainment at which moving pictures are exhibited, shall file an application in writing therefor with the Building Inspector, specifying the place where such exhibition or entertainment is proposed to be held, conducted or car- ried on, which said application shall be signed by the applicant. Permit to Be Section 184. PERMIT NOT TO BE ISSUED WHEN. No permit issued when? to hold, conduct or carry on a moving picture exhibition, or any enter- tainment at which moving pictures are exhibited, shall be granted by the Building Inspector, except in a theater approved by the said Build- Building Approved ing Inspector, as provided by the ordinance of the City of Pasadena, by Building unless the building or room in which such exhibition or entertainment inspector is to be held, conducted or carried on, shall conform to the require- ments of the ordinances of the City of Pasadena. Requirements of Section 185. REQUIREMENTS OF CONSTRUCTION. Any room Construction in which a moving picture exhibition, or any entertainment at which moving pictures are exhibited, is held, conducted or carried on, shall First Floor be on the first or ground floor, or sidewalk level, and such room shall front on a public street, and the back or rear of such room or one side thereof shall abut upon a public street or alley. Except as otherwise provided in this section, any moving picture exhibition, or any entertainment at which moving pictures are ex- hibited shall be held, conducted or carried on, in a room of the char- 62 acter specified in this section, in strict compliance with the provisions of all other sections hereof. Section 186. EXTERIOR WALLS. The exterior walls of every Exterior Wall* room in which a moving picture exhibition or entertainment is con- ducted, shall be constructed of masonry and the interior walls of such room shall be constructed of masonry or of wood studs lathed with metal lath, plastered with fireproof plaster. The ceiling of any such room, if the same is in a building two or more stories in height, shall be constructed of non-combustible material or of wood joists ceiled with metal lath and plastered with fireproof plaster, or wood joists ceiled with quarter inch asbestos covered with No. 20 sheet iron, and the ceilings of all basements under such rooms shall be metal lathed and plastered with fireproof plaster. Section 187. EXITS, (a) Every room in which a moving picture Exits exhibition or entertainment is conducted which has a seating capacity of 100 persons, or less, shall have at least one exit in the rear thereof, 100 or Less not less than five feet wide, and not less than six feet and eight inches high, opening directly upon the street or alley at the rear or side of such room so used or occupied. (b) Every room in which a moving picture exhibition or enter- 100 to 250 tainment is conducted and which has a seating capacity of more than 100 and not more than 250 persons shall have one exit in the rear there- of, not less than six feet wide, or two exits each of which shall be not less than three feet wide. All exits shall be not less than six feet eight inches in height, and shall open directly into the street or alley at the rear or side of such rooms so used or occupied. (c) Every room in which a moving picture exhibition or enter- 330 to -^ tainment is conducted which has a seating capacity of more than 250 * and not more than 500 persons, shall have two exits in the rear thereof, each of which shall be not less than five feet wide and seven feet high, and shall open directly into the street or alley at the rear or sides of such room so used or occupied. In lieu of the two exits at the rear, one exit may be used when the width of such exit is equal to the aggre- gate width required and its location is approved by the Building In- spector. (d) Every room in which a moving picture exhibition or enter- 500 to oo tainment is conducted, which has a seating capacity of more than 500 persons, and not more than 900 persons, shall have two exits in the rear thereof, each of which shall be not less than six (6) feet wide and seven (7) feet high, and shall open directly into the street or alley at the rear or sides of such room so used or occupied. Provided, however, that in lieu of the requirements that exits open Exits Through directly into a public street or alley, said exits may open into a pas- sageway or passageways, said passageway or passageways to be con- structed along one side of such room, if the seating capacity be not more than 500 persons, or on both sides of such room, if the seating capacity be more than 500, or may be constructed in the rear of such room. All such passageways shall have a width of not less than eight Width feet if on one side, or in the rear, and six feet if on both sides, and shall open directly into a public street or alley, and shall be used for no other purpose excepting as exits from such room. All such pas- sageways must be constructed of brick walls on both sides, or wood Wails and studs covered with metal lath and plaster on both sides. The ceilings ceilings to such passageways shall also be of metal lath and plaster, and the floors to the same shall be double with a sheet of asbestos paper be- tween layers; and, should any basement exist under such passageways, the ceiling of such basement shall be covered with metal lath and plaster. (e) Every room in which a moving picture exhibition or enter- Over 9 tainment is conducted which has a seating capacity of more than 900 persons shall conform to the ordinances of the City of Pasadena gov- erning theaters, in so far as said ordinances provide for the construc- tion of theaters, location of exits, and the construction and location of balconies and galleries, location and width of aisles, and the exits there- from. The exits from any room in which a moving picture exhibition or entertainment is conducted shall be separate from the entrances at the front of the building or room so used or occupied. (f ) Every exit door shall be so hung that it will swing to the ex- Exit Doors terior of the room, and shall not be locked or fastened during the 63 progress of any exhibition or entertainment in any manner except by a small catch or spring upon the inside, which will readily yield to the pressure of one person from within. Section 188. EXIT SIGNS: Over every exit there shall be placed on the inside of the building or room used as a theater or moving picture as defined in this ordinance, the word "EXIT" in legible letters not less than three inches in height, on a red glass panel with two electric lights of not less than four candle power each, directly behind such panel, on a circuit independent of all other lights in said building, and independent of electric energy furnished to operate the machine used for the production of moving pictures. Exit Protection Section 189. PROTECTION OF EXITS. It shall be unlawful for any person to place or maintain any chair, sofa, settee, stool, seat, or Obstructions in other obstruction whatever in any aisle in, or in any passageway, exit Aisles, Etc. or doorway leading to or from, any room in which any moving picture exhibition or entertainment is held, conducted or carried on, during the time when such exhibition or entertainment is being so held, con- ducted or carried on, or to permit, or to cause or permit any person to standing in be or remain upon the floor of any such room, in excess of the number Aisles, Etc. of seats provided for the floor thereof, except the necessary ushers and other attendants whose services are required in and about the conduct- ing of such exhibition ,or entertainment; and it shall be unlawful for any person to stand or remain in any such aisle, passageway exit or door- way during the time when such .exhibition or entertainment is being held, conducted or carried on. Aisles Section 190. AISLES. In every room or enclosure in which any moving picture exhibition, or any entertainment at which moving pic- tures are exhibited, is held or conducted, which is not more than Width twenty feet in width and not more than 100 feet in depth, there shall be one aisle through the center thereof, not less than five feet in width, or one aisle on each side thereof, each not less than three feet in width. In every room or enclosure in which any moving picture exhibition or any entertainment at which moving pictures are exhibited is held or conducted, which is more than twenty feet in width, and not more than thirty feet in width, and not more than 100 feet in depth, there shall be two aisles from front to rear each not less than four feet in width. In every room or enclosure in which any moving picture exhibition or any entertainment at which moving pictures are exhibited is held or conducted, the width of which shall be more than thirty feet, or the depth of which shall be more than 100 feet, the width of the aisles shall be increased two inches for each additional foot, or traction thereof, in the width or the length of such room, above the width of the aisles last specified; and such number of aisles from front to rear shall be so pro- vided and maintained that not more than six seats shall intervene be- tween any seat and an aisle; provided, however, that in all cases where the depth of such room is more than 100 feet, a cross aisle shall be pro- vided and maintained in the middle thereof, not less than six feet in width, which cross aisle shall extend entirely across such room. All seats shall be firmly secured to the floor and shall be not less than thirty-two inches from back to back, measured in a horizontal direction. Section 191. MOVING PICTURE MACHINES. It shall be unlaw- ful for any person, firm or corporation, as principal, agent, officer, clerk or employee, for himself or itself, or for another person, firm or corpor- ation to use or operate, or to cause or permit to be used or operated, any moving picture machine, unless the same and the enclosure or room in which the same is operated conform to the following require- ments : (a) Every moving picture machine must be placed in an enclosure or room rendered proof against fire by having the ceiling and wall pro- tected with quarter inch asbestos covered with sheet iron, of not less than No. 26 B. & S. gauge, and the floor covered with sheet iron not less than No. 20 B. & S. gauge, and the floor coverings shall be put on in a workmanlike and mechanical manner; or such enclosure or room may be rendered proof against fire in a manner approved by the Build- Sides and ceilings ing Inspector. Provided, that if all sides and the ceiling or top of such enclosure or room are at least one foot from any woodwork, such en- 64 Cross Aisles Seats Moving Picture Machines Operating Room closure or room may be constructed of sheet iron not less than No. 20 B. & S. gauge, which sheet iron shall be "lock" lapped and riveted, and supported by angle iron. (b) All openings into such enclosure or room must be arranged openings into so as to be closed entirely by doors or shutters constructed of the same or equally good fire-resisting material as the walls of the enclosure or room itself, and arranged to be normally closed. Every door of such Door enclosure or room shall open outward, shall close against a jamb and shall be provided with springs so placed as to keep such door closed. A.11 work on such enclosure or room shall be done in a workmanlike and mechanical manner. (c) No trap door for entering any such enclosure or room shall Trap Doors be permitted, unless such enclosure or room is provided with an addi- tional door. Every such enclosure or room must be kept clean and free from all inflammable materials of any kind whatever. (d) The door or coverings for all other openings shall be held Fastenings open by small cords suspended directly over the arc lamp, and shall be so arranged that when severed they will readily close all openings. (e) All openings for the operator's view and for the projection of openings for the picture shall be as small as possible, and shall not be larger than Operator twelve inches by twelve inches. (f) Each such enclosure or room shall be ventilated by an open- Ventilation ing or flue made of galvanized iron not less than No. 20 B. & S. gauge, substantially constructed and not less than twelve (12) inches in diameter. Such flue shall extend to the outside of the building or into the chimney with a flue area of not less than sixty (60) square inches. Such enclosure or room shall be as near as possible to the outside of the building and unless the vent for the same is installed in a vertical position, such vent shall not exceed fifteen (15) feet in length, unless such vent is provided with an approved forced draught. The provisions of this ordinance relating to moving picture ex- Exceptions hibitions shall not apply when such exhibition is held in a ground floor room of any church or church bulding, where no admission fee is charged, or where, if an admission fee is charged, the proceeds are de- voted exclusively to religious or educational purposes; provided, how- ever, that in such room twenty per cent of the floor area shall be set 20 Per cent Aisle apart for aisle space and the moving picture machine shall be placed Space Required in a fireproof enclosure as specified in this section. And provided fur- ther, that the provisions of Sections 187 (f) and 189 of this ordinance shall be complied with in such case. Section 192. SMOKING PROHIBITED. It shall be unlawful for Smoking any person to place or permit to remain in any enclosure or room in Prohibited which any moving picture machine is operated, any open fire, or any lighted cigar or cigarette or pipe. Section 193. EXCEPTIONS. The provisions of Sections 185, 18G Exceptions and 187 (with the exception of the provisions of subsection "f" of said Section 187, shall not apply to any building or room in which a moving- picture exhibition or entertainment is being conducted at the time of the passage of this ordinance; provided that no exit now in use or capable of being used in any such building or room shall be olosed or obstructed so as to prevent the use of such exit by any person \isiting such moving picture exhibition or entertainment. PART XIV. REINFORCED CONCRETE CONSTRUCTION. Section 194. DEFINITION. By reinforced concrete is meant con- Definition crete in which steel is embedded in such a position that it shall resist all tensile stresses and assist in the resistance of shear along proper structural lines so that the stresses in the combination can be ascer- tained by computation and verified by tests. The concrete shall be mixed in such proportions and so handled Mixing and that after it is placed in the forms all voids in the aggregate will be Proportions filled with mortar and all voids in the mortar filled with cement. Thirty Time (30) days after mixing, it shall develop at least a crushing strength of strength of fifteen hundred (1500) pounds per square inch, by testing a six (6) inch cube. If test samples are taken at least thirty (30) days before the pour- Test Samples ing of the concrete, and tests are made on six (6) inch cubes from a Taken Before full sized working batch of concrete, samples of the aggregate used be- Operation ing placed on file at the Building Inspector's office and such concrete 65 increased develops more than 1500 pounds per square inch, the allowable strains Compression in direct compressions may be increased in the direct proportion 1500 Ibs. : the developed crushing strength : : 450 Ibs. : the allowable strain. inspection of Such samples shall be taken under the personal supervision of the Tests Building Inspector and the aggregate used in the actual structure must Samples on File be of the same kind and quality of the samples placed on file in the Building Inspector's office. Such aggregate must be approved by said Building Inspector before mixing. Drawing, Etc. Section 195. REQUIREMENTS FOR DRAWINGS. Before a per- Kequirrd m it shall be issued for a reinforced concrete building or structure, com- plete working drawings, details and specifications shall be filed with the Building Inspector, giving the size and location of members, the size and position of reinforcing rods, stirrups, bent rods and any other information necessary for the proper calculation of the structure or building, including the load on columns, beams, girders and floors, and the bending moment on structural parts. The Building Inspector re- serves the right to demand that the owner, architect or engineer shall Certified Copy submit a certified copy of such computation or stress sheets for exam- f stress Sheets ination as may be required, upon application for building permit. Final Approval The Building Inspector, in granting a permit to erect any rein- forced concrete structure, does not, in any manner, pass the construc- tion until after tests have been made of the actual construction and same proves satisfactory. Section 196. REINFORCED CONCRETE UNIT STRESSES. The Working stresses following unit working stresses shall not be exceeded: Iron in Tension .................................. 12,000 Ibs. per sq. in. Medium Sieel in Tension, Plain Bars ............. 16,000 Ibs. per sq. in. High Carbon Steel in Tension .................... 18,000 Ibs. per sq. in. Cold Twisted Medium Steel in Tension ........... 18,000 Ibs. per sq. in. Steel to resist Diagonal Tension ............. .... .10,000 Ibs. per sq. in. Concrete in Direct Compression ..... ............ . 450 Ibs. per sq. in. Concrete in Direct Compression (Spiral Reinforced Columns), see Section 202. Concrete in direct Compression (Banded Columns) 540 Ibs. per sq. in. Concrete, Extreme Fibre in Compression .......... 650 Ibs. per sq. in. Concrete, Extreme Fibre in Compression at Support 750 Ibs. per sq. in. (As determined by the straight line formula.) Bond Stresses for Plain High Carbon Bars ........ 50 Ibs. per sq. in. Bond Stresses for Plain Low Carbon Bars ......... 75 Ibs. per sq. in. Bond Stresses for Twisted or Deformed Bars ...... 100 Ibs. per sq. in. Bond, On specially formed bars, not over one-fourth the ultimate bond Specially Formed strength of such bars without appreciable slip, determined by tests to am the satisfaction of the Building Inspector, but provided that in no case shall such allowable unit stress exceed 100 Ibs. For other grades of concrete the adhesion bond strength shall be assumed to be propor- tionate to the ultimate strength of the concrete. Concrete in Diagonal Tension ...... .............. 40 Ibs. per sq. in. Reinforced Concrete in Diagonal Tension ......... 120 Ibs. per sq. in. Compression NOTE The compressive stress in the steel shall not exceed the in steel product of the compressive stress in the concrete multiplied by the elastic modulus of the steel and divided by the elastic modulus of the concrete. Section 197. DESIGNS FOR SLABS, BEAMS AND GIRDERS. All reinforced concrete work shall be designed in accordance with standard engineering practice and the following assumptions: Modulus of That the ratio of moduli of elasticity of concrete to steel is one (1) to fifteen (15) ; that the adhesion of the concrete to the steel makes the two materials act together; that tensile stresses are taken by the steel and that the stress strain curve of concrete in compression is a straight line. continuous Beams, slabs and girders shall be calculated and reinforced as con- tinuous, unless constructed so as to act as simple beams. When con- Bending Moment tinuous for uniform loads, the bending moment at the center shall be WL WL figured as not less than - for the intermediate spans, and -- 12 10 WL for the end spans, and - - for simple beams, provided at least sixty- 8 66 six (66) per cent as much reinforcement is provided at the top over supports as at the center of the member; and the reinforcement ex- Reinforcement at tends beyond the support a sufficient distance to insure proper bond to Supports fully develop the stress in the steel. In all cases, however, beams and girders which are built mono- Monolithic lithic at the supports shall have at least fifty (50) per cent as much Construction steel in the top over supports as at the center. For concentrated loads on continuous beams or girders, the bending moment at the center shall be calculated as for a simple beam and this moment may be reduced twenty (20) per cent for intermediate spans- or ten (10) per cent for end spans. Where a short span adjoins a long span and one-half (%) of the short span considered as a cantilever cannot produce a bending mo- ment which will develop the strength of the reinforcement over the supports, the long span shall be considered as an end span. For simple girders, beams, or slabs the span shall be taken as the simple Beams Etc clear span and for continuous girders, beams or slabs, the span shall span Length be taken as the distance between centers of supports. Brackets shall Brackets not be considered as reducing the clear span in the sense here intended unless they are specially designed for the purpose. Top finish of ce- Top Finish ment mortar shall not be considered in computing the moment of re- sistance of slabs, beams or girders. Section 198. LIMITING WIDTH OF FLANGE IN THE BEAMS. When beams are made monolithic with the floor slab, a portion of the Floor siab floor may be assumed as acting in flexure in combination with the as Flange Area beam. If the neutral axis falls below the bottom of slab, compensation Neutral Axis for the lost compression area must be provided. Results approximately Below slab correct may be obtained by designing for an assumed bending moment expressed by the formula M(l+^_), in which M is the actual bending moment of the beam, (a) the distance of the neutral axis below the bot- tom of the slab, and (b) the distance of neutral axis below the top of slab. The width of slab so acting in flexure is to be governed by the width of slab shearing resistance between the slab and beam, but limited to a width equal to one-third (1-3) of the span length of the beams between sup- ports and also to a span length of three-quarters (%) of the distance iTom center to center between the beams, nor exceed five (5) times the thickness of slab on each side of beam plus the width of beam. No part of the slab shall be considered as a portion of the rib, or as siab Cast a compression flange, unless the slab and rib are cast at the sime time, with Beam Where reinforced concrete girders support reinforced concrete Flange beams, the portion of the floor slab acting as a flange to the girder Reinforcement must be reinforced with rods near the top, at right angles to the girder to enable it to transmit local loads directly to the girder and not through the beams. Effective bond must be provided at the juncture of beam and slab. Bond Between. Transverse reinforcement extending well into the slab may be required Slab and Beam . to increase the bond when the principal slab reinforcement is parallel to the beam or girder. ... ,... ?T Section 199. WEB STRESSES. Where the diagonal tension ex- Diagonal ceeds forty (40) pounds per square inch, additional web reinforcement Tension of approved design shall be used. Stirrups shall not be placed further apart than two-thirds (2-3) d, stirrups, if they are considered as adding to the shearing resistance. Spacing of In no case shall the shear exceed one hundred and twenty (120) shear, Limit of pounds per square inch. When reinforcement is used to increase the unit shear, the proper- shear tion of the unit shear taken by the concrete shall not exceed forty (40) Reinforcement pounds per square inch, and the reinforcement shall be sufficient to Unit shear take the remainder. If unattached stirrups are used they shall pass stirrups under the main reinforcing bars, and shall be vertical unless rigidly at- Unattached tached to tension steel. There shall be sufficient anchorage to develop the stirrups above Anchorage the natural axis of the beams, without exceeding the bond stresses spe- for stirrups cified. If the stirrups are attached to the reinforcing bars, the connec- tion must be sufficient to develop the elastic limit of the steel without causing slipping along the main bars. 67 Bent Up Rods to Resist Shear Compressed Steel Reinforcement Two Ways Bending Moment Distribution of Loads Thickness of Slabs Length, Limit of Minimum Size Unit Compressioi Eccentric Loading 1 Stress Reduced Stress for Plain Columns Stress for Spiral Columns Reinforcement Area of Longitudinal Rods Steel in Compression Rods Tied Spacing of Ties Steel Hoops Unit Stress Increase Due to Spiral Hooping Percentage Spiral Hooping Pitch of Spiral Uniform Fastening of Spirals If the reinforcing rods are bent to approximately forty-five (45) degrees and are spaced no farther apart than (d) or if the bars are bent at one-quarter (%) points, they may be figured as shear members in providing for the excess shear over 40 pounds per square inch, but not to exceed 60 pounds per square inch. The notations (d) shall be effec- tive depth. For T beams, the width of stem only shall be considered to resist shear. Compression steel in beams must be anchored to the tension steel by means of stirrups or ties equivalent in section and frequency as re- quired to resist diagonal tension. Section 200. SQUARE AND RECTANGULAR SLABS. For square slabs with two way reinforcements the bending moment at the center wl2 of the slab shall be not less than 20 for intermediate spans, and w * 2 for the end spans. 18 The moment over supports shall be not less than and the sum of the two moments over one support and at the center of the span shall be taken not less than J5L.L which above formula w is the load per linear foot and 1 is the length of the span. For square or rectagular slabs the distribution of the loads in the two directions shall be inversely as the cubes of the two dimensions. Reinforced concrete slabs shall not be less than three (3) inches thick for floors and three (3) inches for roofs. Section 201. REINFORCED CONCRETE COLUMNS. Reinforced concrete columns shall not exceed in length fifteen (15) times the least side or diameter, and the minimum size shall be not less than twelve inches by twelve inches, except by permission of Building Inspector, and where such columns exceed twelve (12) times the least diameter or side, the unit compression of the concrete shall be taken as the allow- able unit compressive stress multiplied by the least side or diameter of the column in inches and divided by the unsupported length in feet. For columns subject to eccentric loading or bending of an inde- terminate amount, the above stress shall be reduced at least twenty (20) per cent. When the bending stresses in a column can be definitely determined, the combined bending and direct stress shall not exceed five hundred (500) pounds per square inch for plain reinforced columns and not to exceed six hundred fifty (650) pounds for spiral reinforced columns. Columns with longitudinal rods shall have at least one (1) square inch of steel in the total area, and not less than four (4) rods; and rods shall not be used of less diameter than one-half ('%) inch. The area of the longtitudinal rods shall not be less than one-half \y 2 ) of one per cent of the effective cross sectional area of columns (where rods are figured to take compression stress), and shall not exceed four (4) per cent of the effective cross sectional area of the column. The longitudinal rods must be tied together to effectively resist outward flexure at intervals not greater than the least width or diameter of column. The steel hoops shall not be less than number 3 wire and spaced not more than twelve (12) inches apart. Section 202. SPIRAL REINFORCED COLUMNS. Where the re- inforcement consists of vertical bars and spiral hooping, the concrete shall not be stressed beyond four hundred fifty (450) pounds per square inch, plus the increase due to spiral hooping, provided that the amount of vertical reinforcement be not less than the area of spiral reinforcing or less than one (1) per cent of enclosed area within the spiral rein- forcement, nor greater than five (5) per cent of the area within the hooping; that the percentage of spiral hooping be not less than one-half (%) of one per cent and not to exceed one and one-half (l 1 /^) per cent; that the pitch of the spiral be uniform and not less than two (2) inches nor greater than three (3) inches; that the spirals be properly secured to the verticals at every other spiral on every other vertical, except a four (4) rod column, where they shall be secured at every intersec- 68 tion, but in no case shall the ties be over eight (8) inches apart on the same vertical to insure the maintaining of its form and position; that Verticals, the verticals be spaced so that their distances apart, measured on the How Spaced circumference, be not greater than nine (9) inches except for a four rod column. In such columns the action of the steel hooping may be increased assumed to increase the compressive resistance per square inch of the Compression enclosed concrete within the hooping, in accordance with the following formula, f c pC, in which f c shall be taken as four hundred fifty (450) pounds, p as the percentage of spiral reintorcement, C as a constant of 30. It is assumed that this action does not alter the modulus of elas- ticity of the concrete. No part of the concrete outside the hooping shall be considered as a part of the effective column section. The effect of eccentric loading must be considered in calculating Eccentric the unit stress of columns. Reinforced concrete columns built mono- lithic with beams or girders, or rigidly attached to them, must be de- signed to resist the maximum unbalanced moment that may be caused thereby in addition to the direct column loads. Section 202. (a) No water, steam, soil or vent pipes shall be built Pipes Not into the structural part (or any conduit built into the effective area) Permitted in of any concrete column, beam or girder. Pipes of any kind if embedded structural Parts in the floor slab, must be so dispersed as not to impair the strength of the floor. Section 203. STRUCTURAL STEEL COLUMNS ENCASED IN CONCRETE. Where structural steel columns, in structures in which the loads are transmitted directly to steel columns, are encased in con- crete, the structural steel shall be proportioned to carry the total live concrete and dead load that can be transmitted to same. For steel columns Enclosing steel filled with, and encased in, concrete extending at least three inches be- yond the outer edge of the steel, where the steel is calculated to carry the entire live and dead load, the allowable stress per square inch stress Allowed shall be determined by the following formula: L 18,00070 R But shall not exceed 16,000 pounds per square inch of net steel section. Stresses due to eccentric loading shall be provided for in all Eccentric Loading columns. The length of rolled steel columns shall not exceed 120 times the Length of Boiled least radius of gyrations, except struts for wind bracing only may be steel Columns not to exceed 150 times the least radius of gyrations. The length of cast iron columns shall not exceed seventy times the Length of least radius of gyrations. Cast iron Columns In columns of this design the concrete shall be reinforced with Spiral spiral hooping of not less than number three (3) wire. The pitch of the Reinforcement spiral shall be uniform, and not less than three (3) inches nor greater than six (6) inches. The spirals shall be secured at the intersection to not less than four (4) vertical spacing bars of not less than three- eighths (%) inch diameter. In latticed 6r open web structural columns, it shall not be neces- Latticed or Open sary to use the hooping specified above. Web columns All structural steel which is to be encased in concrete shall be structural steel En wrapped with wire mesh in such a manner as to insure the bonding of closed in Concrete the concrete to the steel and no structural steel which is to be encased When Not Painted in concrete shall be painted or oiled. Before encasing structural steel Scale or Bust in concrete, scale or rust of any appreciable amount shall be removed. Removed Section 204. COLUMN SPLICES. In all buildings hereafter to be erected the column splices shall be made in such a manner as to trans- mit the stresses for which they are designed. The connections shall be Connections made either by turnbuckle, sleeve nut, slip sleeve or by lapping the rods or bolting together in such a manner that the stresses will be trans- mitted properly. Where rods of less than one and one-quarter (1%) inches in diameter are lapped not less than thirty (30) diameters it Rods Lapped shall be assumed that the concrete transmits the stresses properly. Rods one and one-quarter (l 1 ^) inches in diameter and over shall be made with sleeves or other rigid connection. If the device used re- Threaded quires the rod to be threaded the effective area shall be taken at the root of the thread. If a slip sleeve is used the rods must have their ends Slip Sleeve milled or equal. The diameter of the sleeve to be not over one-sixteenth 69 Rods in Tension, Connection of Where Spliced Exterior Walls Thickness Reinforcement Spacing of Rods Lapping: of Bars Rods, Location of Strength Required Required Reinforcement for Walls RodN not Painted Fire Protection Materials not Fireproof Care of New Concrete Proportions Ag:g:reg:ate Machine Mixing Hand Mixing Proportions Measured Cement Quality Required (1-16) inch larger than the diameter of the rod. Where the bearing. is made metal to metal, the contact shall be made so as to transmit all stresses properly. Where the rods are in tension due to wind stresses, the connection shall be made by means of positive connection. The use of pipe sleeve connection is prohibited unless they fit the rods as above described. All column steel shall set directly in line with the steel below, and be constructed in such a manner as to eliminate any short bends in the steel. The steel reinforcement shall be spliced at such a point above the floor that the bond stress in the rods is devel- oped enough to carry the increased load transmitted to it. Section 205. CURTAIN WALLS IN SKELETON CONSTRUCTION BUILDINGS. Buildings having a complete skeleton construction of steel or of reinforced concrete construction, or a combination of both, may have exterior walls of reinforced concrete six (6) inches thick, provided, however, that such walls shall support their own weight and that such walls shall have steel reinforcement of not less than three- tenths (.3) of one per cent in each direction vertically and horizontally, the rods spaced not more than twelve (12) inch centers and wired to each other at each intersection. All bars shall be lapped for a length sufficient to develop their full stress for the allowable unit stress, for adhesion.. Additional bars shall be set around openings, the verticals wired to the nearest horizontal bars, and the horizontal bars at the top and bottom of openings shall be wired to the nearest vertical bars. The steel rods shall be combined with the concrete and piaced where the combination will develop the greatest strength, and the rods shall be staggered or placed and secured so as to resist a pressure of thirty (30) pounds per square foot, either from the exterior or from the interior on each and every square foot of each wall panel. Section 206. The amount of reinforcement required for walls shall be sufficient to resist the stresses occasioned by dead and live load, wind and earth pressure, and other acting forces without exceeding the allowable unit stresses prescribed in this ordinance, and the sectional form and thickness, unless specifically prescribed by law, shall be suit- able for the purpose intended, subject to the approval of the Building Inspector. Reinforcing steel used in reinforced concrete construction shall not be painted, but shall be free from all mill scale and loose rust. Section 207. Fl REPROOFING. For the purpose of fire protection the outer surface of reinforcing steel shall be kept away from the sur- face of the concrete. One and one-naif (l 1 /^) inches in columns and girders. One and one-half (1%) inches in beams. Three-quarters (%) inch in slabs. No reinforcing steel not protected from fire shall be considered as adding to the strength of the construction. Lime or hard wall plaster shall not be considered as a fireproofing material in reinforced concrete work. Care and effective supervision must be exercised to protect new concrete from injury of any kind. Section 208. SYSTEM. No system of reinforced concrete shall be used which is not capable of design and investigation in accordance with the formula and principles laid down in this Code. Section 209. PROPORTION FOR MIXING REINFORCED CON- CRETE. All reinforced concrete shall be mixed in proportion of one (1) part Portland cement to two (2) parts clean, sharp sand and not more than four (4) parts aggregate. The proportion of the aggregate shall be reduced in order to have the voids properly filled. In no case shall more than two (2) parts of sand be used to one (1) part of cement and all mixing shall be done by a machine, except where limited quan- tities are required or where the conditions of the work make hand mix- ing preferable; hand mixing to be done only when approved by the Building Inspector. In all mixing the separate ingredients shall be measured and shall be thoroughly mixed and must be uniform in color, appearance and consistency before placing. Section 210. CEMENT, SAND AND INERTS. (a) Cement. Only Portland cement shall be used which conforms to the Standard Specifi- cations of the American Society for Testing Materials. 70 All cement shall be tested in lots of hot more than one (1) carload, Quantities Tested and the Building Inspector may at any time demand that certified copies of all test records be submitted for examination. The minimum requirements for tensile strength for briquettes one Tensile strength (1) inch square in section shall be: NEAT CEMENT. 24 hours in moist air 175 Ibs. 7 days (one day in air, six in water) 500 Ibs. 28 days (one day in air, twenty-seven in water) 600 Ibs. ONE PART CEMENT, THREE PARTS STANDARD SAND. 7 days (one day in air, six in water) 200 Ibs. 28 days (one day in air, twenty-seven in water) 275 Ibs. Sand (b). The sand used shall be clean, coarse, sharp, natural Sand sand, preferably a mixture of coarse and fine grains with the coarse Quality grains predominating. The maximum percentage of clay or loam shall not exceed five (5) per cent, and not over one (1) per cent of organic matter, and at least sixty-five (65) per cent shall be retained on a fifty (50) mesh sieve. Aggregate (c). The aggregate shall consist of hard, broken stone, Aggregates free from dust, clean gravel, crushed and screened to pass through a Quality two (2) inch ring, and be rejected by a one-quarter (^4) inch ring. The Size aggregate shall in no case be larger than will make a compact mass around the reinforcing metal and completely filling the forms. Both sand and aggregate shall be subject to the approval of the Building In- Approval of spector, who may demand that any material in question be tested at inspector the expense of the owner or owners, in an approved testing laboratory Tests Required and the certified results submitted to the Building Inspector to aid in forming an opinion as to the fitness or unfitness of the material for the purpose intended. Section 211. STEEL IN CONCRETE. All steel shall be tested by Tests of steel an approved testing laboratory and the Building Inspector may, at any time, demand that certified copies of all test records be submitted to Certified Copies him for examination. All reinforcing steel rolled from billets shall com- of Tests ply with the Standard Specifications for Concrete Reinforcement Bars standard Rolled from Billets, as adopted by the Association of American Steel Requirements Manufacturers, 1910 and revised in 1912. The above modified: All reinforcing steel not rolled from billets shall be rolled from Boiled from standard section Tee rails, and shall comply with the Standard Specifi- Tee Rails cations for Rail Steel Concrete Reinforcement Bars, as adopted by the standard Association of American Steel Manufacturers in 1912. These tests and Requirements materials shall be subject to the regulations prescribed in Paragraphs 2, 4, 5a, 6d, 7, 7e, 7f, 9 and 10 of the above mentioned specifications. Hot twisted bars of high carbon steel shall be twisted with one High Carbon steel complete twist m a length equal to not more than twelve (12) times the thickness of the bar. The Building Inspector may demand the owner, builder, contractor, L sub-contractor or foreman to make, or cause to be made, bending tests in the field on all grades of reinforcing steel, when in his opinion there is any doubt as to whether the reinforcing steel is up to the standard of these regulations. These bending tests shall be those specified in the above men- tioned Standard Specifications. Section 212. PLACING CONCRETE AND STEEL. In filling in Regulations concrete around reinforcing steel the concrete must be worked con- tinuously with suitable tools, as it is put in place. Filling the columns completely and puddling afterwards will not be permitted. In placing the concrete the work shall be so laid out that partially set concrete Care I will not be subjected to shocks from the wheeling or handling material Ham over it. Concrete placed in warm weather shall be drenched with net water twice daily, Sunday included, during the first week after being Joints in monolithic structures are to be avoided as far as practica- Joints ble, but when necessary they must comply with the following regula- Concrete in members of a floor system may be joined at or near a Joinings section of minimum shear, usually in the middle of the span, but not at a point of concentrated loading, and in columns at the bottom of the Resumption of Work Time Between Pourings Cleaning of Col minis Te Beam Steel, Held in Place Longitudinal Rods, Spacing of Compression Rods Manner Built Supports and Braces Clean Out Openings Cleaning Out of Forms Columns Stripped Before Shores Removed Removal of Shores, Beams, Girders Time Elapsed Supports Removed. Floor Slabs Provisions for Special Inspector Daily Reports to Building Inspector deepest intersecting floor members; joints shall be at right angles to the direction of the principal compressive stress. Joints in longitudinal reinforcing of columns shall occur only at or near floors or other adequate lateral supports. When work is resumed the concrete previously placed shall be cleared of all foreign material, drenched and slushed with a mortal- composed of one (1) part cement and one (1) part sand, or sprinkled over with cement. Beams and girders shall not be constructed over freshly placed columns without permitting a period of fifteen (15) hours to elapse to provide for settlement and shrinkage in columns. Before resuming work the top of the column shall be cleansed of foreign matter, and if the column has become hard the top shall be treated as above specified. When beams are designed as Tee beams, the slab shall be poured at the same time as the web. Some means satisfactory to the Building Inspector shall be used to hold the reinforcing steel in its proper position by means of an effective clamping device. The longitudinal steel in beams and girders shall be so disposed that there shall De a thickness of concrete between the separate pieces of steel of not less than one and one-half (iy 2 ) times the maximum sec- tional dimensions of the steel. When steel is used in the compressive side of beams and girders, the rods shall be tied in accordance with requirements of vertical rein- forced columns, with stirrups connecting with the tension rods of the beams or girders. Section 213. CENTERING AND FORMS. All forms shall be built in a substantial manner, plumb and true, with tight joints, so that no appreciable part of the concrete mixture can escape, and shall be so supported and braced that they will carry all the usual loads which may come upon mem without springing or deflection. An opening shall be left at the bottom of all column forms for cleaning and adjusting the steel. This opening shall not be closed un- til all is in readiness for pouring the columns. The forms shall be care- fully cleaned just before concreting, and all chips and other foreign matter removed. Before removing the shores under any beams or girder the columns supporting it shall be stripped, so that the columns may be examined on all sides. Pouring columns in chases left in the masonry shall not be allowed. Provided ample shores are used to carry the full weight of the floor, column forms may be removed in not less than four (4) days after pouring. The time which shall elapse before removing the shores under the beams and girders varies with the design and condition of the weather, but in no case shall they be removed in less than three (3) weeks after pouring, provided that the beams and girders carry their own weight only. Where beams and girders carry construction loads from above, sufficient shoring shall be left in place to carry these loads until the completion of the work. The supports under floor slabs shall not be removed in less than ten (10) days after pouring, but this clause is not intended to prevent removing the joists and lagging in less time, provided the slabs are kept properly shored. Section 214. INSPECTION AND TESTS. When any reinforced concrete is used in construction, the owner shall provide for the inspec- tion of cement and inerts, as required by the Building Inspector. Un- less otherwise authorized in writing by the Building Inspector, the owner shall also provide a special inspector of the work who shall be satisfactory at all times to the Building Inspector, and who shall be on the work continuously during the mixing and the placing of concrete and steel, and the removal of forms. Such special inspector shall make daily written reports to the Building Inspector on the progress of the worK. Before reinforced concrete work is started, the owner shall 72 name in writing the special inspector, and such special inspector shall Examination of pass such examination as may be required by the Building Inspector Special inspector to determine his competency. Before a building containing reinforced concrete floor is occupied, Testing of Floors the floors shall be tested by applying a load equal to two (2) times the figured live load to suck parts as the Building Inspector or deputies may select. The floor shall sustain this load for at least twenty-four (24) hours without cracking or other evident signs of failure or a de- flection of more than one seven-hundredth (1-700) of the span. PART XV. PENALTY, ETC. Section 215. SPECIFIC PROVISION. The requirements of this ordinance are hereby specifically declared to cover, govern and control the location, construction, alteration, repair or demolition of any school buildings and other buildings and structures by any school district, school board, board of education or any public or quasi public or politi- cal corporation or body. Section 216. GENERAL PENALTY. Any person, firm or corpora- tion who, as principal, agent, contractor, sub-contractor, officer, servant or employee, for himself or itself, and for any other person or for any firm or corporation, and for any school district, school board, board of education, or other public or quasi public or political corporation or body, or who, by agent, contractor, sub-contractor, servant or employee, shall violate or neglect or refuse to comply with the provisions of this Violation ordinance shall be guilty of a misdemeanor and upon conviction thereof shall be punished by a fine of not less than $10 nor more than $500, or Fine and by imprisonment in the City Jail for not less than five (5) days nor imprisonment more than six (6) months, or by both such fine and imprisonment. Every such person, firm or corporation shall be guilty of a separate offense for each and every day during which any building or structure or part thereof erected, constructed, altered, repaired, raised, bunt upon, demolisned, maintained, or moved by such person, firm or corpor- ation, in violation of any of the provisions of this ordinance, continues in such condition, or for every day during which any other violaton of this ordinance by such person, firm or corporation continues, and shall be punished therefor, as herein provided. Section 217. REPEAL OF CONFLICTING ORDINANCES. Ordi- nance No. 1197 and all other ordinances and parts of ordinances in con- flict with the provisions of this ordinance are hereby repealed; pro- vided, that such repeal shall not affect or prevent the prosecution and punishment of any person for any act done in violation of any ordi- nance of said City which may be repealed by this ordinance; and shall not affect any prosecution or action which may be pending in any court for the violation of any of the provisions of any ordinance of said City repealed by this ordinance. Section 218. The City Clerk shall certify to the adoption of this ordinance and cause the same to be published once in the Pasadena Daily News. I hereby certify that the foregoing ordinance was adopted by the City Council of the City of Pasadena at its meeting held January 14th, 1913, by the following vote: Ayes: Councilmen Barnes, Chaff ee, Korstain, Rhodes, Root and Shutt. Noes: None. HEMAN DYER, Clerk of the City of Pasadena. Approved this 14th day of January, "W^^^ TfflJM( Mayor of the City of Pasadena. 73 INDEX Sec. Page. Par. A Account of fees 34 17 Additions to hospitals, Class A 21 11 6 Alcoves, recesses for 108 37 4 Alterations Not to exceed $25.00 7 3 4 Shall conform to 3 1 To existing buildings 8 3 7 Chimneys and vents 8 4 (j) Churches, schools, public halls and hotels. ... 8 4 (h)' Cornices and appendages 8 4 (g) Elevator shafts, etc 8 4 (d) Fire stops 8 3 (a) Increased height of light courts 8 4 (e) Note Sections applying to 8 4 9 Relathing 8 3 (b) Skylights 8 4 (f ) Structural parts 8 4 (c) Windows, doors and other openings 8 4 (i) To street front in Fire Dist. No. 1 7 3 3 Alterations and additions in Fire Dist. No. 1. 18 8 (g) Alteration, definition of 19 8 12 Alteration of plans 32 17 1 Alterations permissible 32 17 2 Anchors For fire walls 107 37 1 Joists, Class B 53 21 4 Joists, Class C 67 25 1 Joists strutted and anchored, Class B 53 21 4 Joists strutted and anchored, Class C 67 25 2 Steel girders, Classes B and C 66 24 11 Steel to wood, Class C 66 24 12 To brick walls, Class B 53 21 4 Wood girders, Class C 67 25 1 Apartment Houses 22 11 7 Class D 22 11 8 Exceptions outside Fire Dist. No. 1 22^ 11 7 3 stories 22 11 7 4 stories 22 11 7 5 stories 22 11 7 Heating plants 22 11 9 Apartment houses, definition of 19 9 11 Appeal, Board of 14 5 Appendages and cornices 118 39 4 Approval of Street Supt 16 7 6 Arches 105 36 Artificial stone 115 38 3 Factor of safety 115 38 3 Limit of height 115 38 4 Assembly halls in schools 23^ 12a Auditoriums, Public assembly, etc 24 12 (c) Aisles 24 12 (c) Exit lights 24 13 (f) Fire escapes 24 13 (f ) Halls in existing buildings 24 13 4 Halls on second floor 24 13 (f) Halls on third floor. 24 13 (f) Staircase to galleries 24 12 (d) Landings 24 13 (d) 74 Sec. Page. Par. Width of Exits 24 13 (e) Awnings - . 1.27 41 8 Canvas 127 41 8 Drainage 127 42 1 Metal 127 41 8 Supports 127 42 1 B Basement-pipe inlets 161 54 Basement stairway, Class A 45 19 9 Basement stairways, display goods, Class B 55 22 10 Basement stairways, Class B, storage 55 22 9 Basement stairways, Class C, display goods 74 27 9 Basement stairways, Class C, storage 74 27 Basement stairways, Class D, display goods 87 32 7 Basements under sidewalks 97 34 Beam protection, Class A 38 18 4 Beams, wood 116 39 1 Bearing on walls, Class B 53 21 5 Bearing of walls, Class C 71 26 7 Bearing partitions, terra cotta, Class C 73 26 10 Bearing wall, definition of 19 9 Bearing walls, terra cotta 116 38 12 Billboards 31 15 (a) Above roofs 31 15 (d) Approval of Fire Chief 31 15 (c) Braces 31 15 (b) Distance from sidewalk 31 15 (a) Height above ground 31 15 (a) Metal facings 31 15 (b) Name of owner 31 15 (b) Posts 31 15 (b) Supervision of 31 (e) Boarding house, definition of 19 10 1 Board of appeal 14 5 Boiler rooms 136 44 17 Exceptions 136 45 Floors of 136 45 Openings into 136 Spaces above boilers 136 45 Standpipes 136 Woodwork covered 136 Bond in brickwork 110 No diagonal bond 112 37 Pressed brick 112 37 See Veneer Bond. Bond iron, Class B 52 Bond iron, Class C 68 Bond, terra cotta ; 116 Borings, Test I 45 Bracing, corner 85 Brackets, cornice H8 Brackets, Lugs, etc., Class A, protection of 44 Brick partitions -1 6 Bridging, Class B 54 22 Bridging, Class C 69 6 Bridging, Class D 86 Builder's name 32 Buildings Alteration of existing Classes of, in Fire Dist. No. 1 17 Extensions to 1 Classification of 81 Code to apply to existing Condemnation of Unlawful to occupy Definition of ! 17 Demolition of 121 75 Sec. Page. Par. Destruction of 5 2 3 Factory 25 13 7 Factory, Class D 93 33 Height of , 20 10 10-12 In lumber yards 18 8 (f ) Inspection of (See also inspections) 12 4 13 Measurements of 20 10 9 Move into District No. 1 .- 7 3 3 Removal of 16 7 4 Approval of Street Supt 16 7 5 Deposits 16 7 5 Fees 16 8 1 Repair to damaged 6 2 6 Terra cotta 116 38 6 Taken for sidewalk 7 3 3 Unlawful to use 4 2 2 Without studding 85 31 1 Building Inspector and Deputies 20 10 14 Interference with 11 4 12 Power to stop work 10 4 11 C California construction 85 31 1 Canopy, Metal 127 41 8 Certificate of inspection 12 5 2 Chimneys and fluees (See also smoke pipes and smoke stacks.) Anchors to outer walls 130 43 4 Bake oven 130 42 5 Boiler flues 130 42 6 Braces above pitched roof 130 43 5 Chimneys or cupolas 134 44 Corbelling 130 43 1 Fireplaces : Arch bar 131 43 6 Arches 131 43 6 Fire boards 131 44 1 Flues for 131 43 7 Grates 131 43 7 Hearths 131 43 6 Mantles 131 43 8 See also gas grates 139 45 Wood centers 131 43 6 Flues in party walls , 130 43 2 Height above roof ..130 42 6 Height above pitched roofs 130 43 5 Inlets and thimbles 130 42 7 Linings 130 42 4 Masonry 130 42 4 Offsets 132 44 2 Offsets 130 43 1 Outside of buildings 130 42 4 Size of inlets 130 42 4 Space around chimneys 130 43 3 Supports 130 43 1 Terra cotta 128 42 2 Woodwork near 130 43 3 Chimneys and vents 8 4 (j) Church, Lecture Room, etc 24 12 11 Churches 8 4 (h) Class A Bldg., Definition and limit of height 36 17 Class B Bldg., Definition and limit of height 50 20 Class C Bldg., Definition and limit of height 62 24 Class D Bldg., Definition and limit of height 80 29 Classification of buildings 81 29 Columns, outer, Class A. 38 18 4 Concrete, not reinforced, Classes A, B and C 95 34 8 Concrete, not reinforced, Class D 82 30 8 76 Sec. Page. Par. Concrete, reinforced, see last part of index, page Construction, unlawful 18 g Cornices ....'.'.".'.' 8 4 (g) Cornices and appendages, Classes B and C 118 39 3 Cornices, Class A 48 20 4 Cost, increased 32 17 3 Courts, light, Class A 43 19 Courts, exterior light, Class B 57 23 10-11 Courts, interior light, Class B 57 23 8 Courts, less than 60 sq. ft. in area, Class B 57 23 9 Courts, exterior light, Class C 70 26 3-4 Courts, interior light, Class C 70 26 Courts, Class C, less than 60 sq. ft. in area 70 26 2 Courtain walls 104 36 Curtain walls, definition of 19 9 jg D Damaged buildings, repairs to 6 2 6 Dangerous construction 4 1 4 Definition, See Sect. 19 Deflection of beams 147 49 3 Deflection of floors, beams and girders. See Rein- forced Concrete. (1-700 of span allowed on test.) Demolition of buildings 121 40 Deposit to Street Supt 16 7 5 Depth of foundation. (See Foundation). Depth, standard. (See Sec. 832, Civil Code of State of California.) Deputy Building Inspector 20 10 14 Destruction of buildings, emergency 5 2 3 Division wall, definition of 19 9 4 Doors, to basement stairways: Class A 45 19 9 Class B 55 22 9 Class C 74 27 7 Doors to dumb waiters, Classes B, C and D (Same) .56 23 5 Doors, elevator, Classes B, C and D (Same) 56 23 4 Doors, fire 162 55 1 Construction of 162 55 3 Communicating openings 162 55 2 Hinges 162 55 3 Rails 162 55 8 Sills 162 55 7 Sliding 162 55 6 Stops 162 55 9 Swinging 162 55 5 Doors, to furnace and boiler rooms, construction of 24 12 (a) Where required see Sections 22, 23, 24, 136, 137 and 180. Doors, opening upon a street 126 41 Doors to swing out 126 41 Double fee 33 Drying rooms 135 44 15 Dumb waiters, requirements for Classes B, C and D the same 56 23 6 Dwellings, definition of 19 9 9 E Earth to be removed from street 123 41 2 Elevator shafts 8 (d) Elevator shafts, Class A 45 19 Elevator shafts, Class B, freight 56 Elevator shafts, Class B, passenger 56 Elevator shafts, Class C, freight 75 Elevator shafts, Class C, passenger 75 28 Elevator shafts, Class D. (Same as Class C.) Excavations, lateral support 98 34 (See also reference to State Code under depths). 77 Sec. Page. Par. Excavations under sidewalks 122 40 4 Existing party walls 103 36 Exit lights 24 13 (f ) Exits, (See also theaters). Exits, width of 24 13 (e) Exterior walls, Class D 80 29 3 Exterior walls, definition of . . 19 9 6 F Factory, definition of 19 10 4 Fees, building permit , . 33 17 4 Fees, double 33 17 7 Fees, moving buildings 16 8 1 Fees, moving building on same lot 33 17 6 Fees, not included 33 17 5 Fence enclosing part of sidewalks 122 40 5 Filler walls 40 18 6 Fine and general penalty 216 73 Fire Districts 15 5 7 Fire District No. 1 15 5 8 Fire District No. 2 15 7 1 Fire District No. 3 15 7 4 Fire escapes: Additional 152 50 6 Certain windows excepted .156 52 10 Certificate of completion 151 50 5 Construction of ..'.../ 153 50 7 Balconies 153 50 8 Dimensions of supports 153 50 9 Angles 153 51 1 Floors 153 51 2 Top rails, Class A, B and C 153 51 3 Top rails, Class D 153 51 4 Balconies of other material 153 52 2 Fire escapes of other designs 153 52 3 Spiral slides 153 52 3 For Hospitals, Halls, etc 153 52 5 Ladders to roof .153 52 6 Goose necked ladders 153 51 10 Braces 153 51 10 No openings in floors 153 52 4 Openings in floors 153 51 5 Stairways 153 51 5 Braces and rails 153 51 8 Landings 153 51 7 Platforms . 153 51 9 Stringers and treads 153 51 6 Supports 153 51 11 Tests 153 51 12 Doors adjoining fire escapes 156 52 9 Hallways to fire escapes 155 52 8 Location of 158 53 7 Marked on plans 158 53 7 Notice to erect 158 53 7 Unlawful occupation 158 53 7 Number of 152 50 6 Obstructions to .157 53 3 Obstructions to halls to . .157 53 4 Passageway to fire escapes 154 52 7 Signs and lights 154 52 7 Permit for 151 50 2 Plans 151 50 3 Required 150 49 Exceptions 150 49 Unlawful to occupy buildings 151 50 4 Windows adjoining fire escapes. ,. 156 52 9 Fire escapes, churches, assembly halls, etc 24 13 (f) Fire escapes, hospitals 21 11 .3 78 Sec. Page. Par. Fire hydrants . 97 34 10 Fire proofing structural steel, Class A . 44 19 4 Fire protection in garages . ao 15 3 Fire protection, (See theaters) Fire resisting roof, definition of . 20 10 13 Fire stops, floor joists, Class C . 69 25 (b) Chimney breasts . 69 25 (g) Furred walls . 69 25 (K) Stud partitions . 69 25 (d) Fire walls .107 36 Fire walls, definition of . 19 10 7 Flat, definition of . 19 9 12 Floor construction, Class A . 42 18 8 Floor construction, Class B masonry . 53 21 1 Floor construction, Class B mezzanine . 53 21 (b) Floor construction, Class B wood . 53 21 (a) Header beams . 53 21 5 Loaded bearing . 53 21 5 Floor construction, Class C . 71 26 5 Floor construction, Class C masonry . . . . 72 26 9 Floor construction, Class D . 86 31-32 Floors, garages . 30 15 2 Floor lights, Classes A, B, C and D the same . 42 18 9 Floor loads .147 48 Floor loads, warehouses .148 49 3 Estimate of .148 49 Limit of load .148 49 3 Floors, mezannine . 52 20 10 Floors, mill construction . 94 33 8 Floor timbers . 94 33 9 Floors, stable 28 13 (a) Floors, stable . . . 28 14 (f) Floors, toilet rooms in schools . 23 12 (b) Footings .145 48 16 For fire doors and shutters see doors and windows. Foundations, Classes A, B and C . 95 33 14 Concrete for . 95 34 7 Depth of . 95 33 15 Greater depth . 95 34 2 Isolated pier . 95 34 6 Projections of footings . 95 34 3 Proportion to load . 95 34 5 Width of footings . 95 34 4 Foundations, Class D, one story . 82 29 5 Foundations, Class D, two story . 82 29 5 Foundations, Class D, over two story . 82 29 5 Concrete for . 82 30 8 Depth of: 1 story . 82 29 9 2 story . 82 29 10 3 and 4 stories . 82 29 11 8 inches allowed when 82 29 12 Finished grade before final inspection when . . 82 29 13 Exceptions to the above: Curtain walls on porches . 82 30 (c) Dwellings not exceeding $750.00 , . 82 30 (a) Garages and outbuildings . 82 30 (c) Isolated piers when allowed 82 29 (a,b) Porch foundations . 82 30 (c) Size of piers 82 30 (c) Posts placed in ground . 82 30 (c) Spacing of piers . . 82 30 (c) Tnickness of concrete , 82 29 6 Front of building, definition of . 19 10 8 Furnace pipes ,143 47 8 Boots .143 48 3 Boxes and fittings ,143 47 8 No right angle bends ,143 48 4 79 Sec. Page. Par. Wall pipes 143 48 2 G Garages 30 14 11 Class of building, Fire Dist. No. 1 30 14 12 Exceptions 30 15 5 Fireproof floors 30 15 2 Fire protection 30 15 3 Sand box 30 15 4 Gas furnaces 140 47 2 Tests 140 47 2 Gas heater in closet 140 47 1 Gas grates and logs 139 45 14 Definition of 1 39 45 15 Protection for stoves 139 45 16 Gas meters 138 45 11 Openings for 138 45 12 Gas vent in flues 140 46 13 Gas vents, indirect 1 40 46 6 Automatic valve 140 46 10 Pilot light 140 46 10 Positive exhaust 140 46 8 Steam pipe 140 46 9 Vent above roof 140 46 11 Gas vents in existing buildings 140 46 11 Hood vents 140 46 12 Gas vents in general 140 46 2 Automatic heaters 140 46 3 Other shaped vents 140 46 5 Other water heaters 140 46 4 General penalty 216 73 3 Girders, steel, Class C 65 24 9 Girders, steel, Class A 44 19 4 Girders, steel, Class B 50 20 6 Granite facing 38 18 3 H Halls in existing buildings 24 13 4 Heating apparatus 13 5 4 Notice of 13 b 4 Heating furnaces: Masonry floor 141 47 4 Petroleum fuel 141 47 5 Cover 141 47 5 Drain pipe 141 47 5 Pit 141 47 5 Pit in Class A building 141 47 6 Portable 141 47 4 Top 141 47 3 Heating plants, public halls 24 12 (a) Heating plants, schools 23 12 (k) Height, limit of Class A 36 18 2 Height, limit of Class B 50 20 6 Height, limit of Class C 62 24 7 Height, limit of Class D 80 29 2 Height of Stories 102 36 Hollow terra cotta buildings 116 38 Hollow terra cotta, Class B 53 21 l Hollow terra cotta, Class C 72 26 9 Hollow terra cotta. Class C 73 26 10 Hollow terra cotta, Class D 116 38 Hollow terra cotta walls and partitions, Class B. . .1.16 38 Hollow tile, Class A 44 19 6 Hood vent 140 46 13 Hospital, definition of 19 9 16 Hospitals 21 10 15 Additions 21 11 6 80 Sec. Page. Par. Porches 21 11 6 Doors 21 11 2 Exceptions 21 11 5 Fire escapes [ 21 11 Stairways of 21 11 4 Floors, walls and ceilings ."!!.*! 21 10 16 Passageways 21 11 Pavilion system 21 11 5 Hotels, definition of 19 10 Hotels : Class D 22 11 7-8 Heating plants 22 11 9 Height of 22 11 Overhanging cornice 22 11 7 Repairs to 8 4 (h) Wood roof allowed 22 11 7 Hotel range !!!l42 47 7 Apron 142 47 7 Floor 142 47 7 Hoods 142 47 7 Vents 142 47 7 Increased cost 33 17 3 Inner district 7 3 5 Inspection: Of excavations 12 4 13 Lathing 12 4 14 Finish 12 5 2 Isolated piers 82 29 14 J Joists, deflection of 147 49 3 Joists, strength of 147 48-49 L Light courts, (See courts). Lintels 105 36 Loads: Floor 147 48 Floor in warehouses 148 49 Limit of 148 49 Roof 147 49 Safe on masonry 146 48 Safe on soils 145 48 Load tests for floors, (Classes A, B and C same) ... 42 19 Lumber yards: Alter or add to 18 8 (g) Erect buildings in 18 8 (f) Increased capacity 18 8 (e) Occupy ground 18 8 (d) Piling lumber in 18 8 (h) M Masonry, definition of 19 9 8 Masonry piers 100 35 3 Masonry stacks: Brick stacks 133 44 10 Compression 133 44 11 Foundations 133 44 13 Pressure of soil 133 44 13 Tension 133 44 11 Wind pressure 133 44 12 Lining 133 44 14 Reinforced concrete 133 44 4 Foundations 133 44 8 Pressure of soil 133 44 9 Strain in compression 133 44 g Strain of steel 133 44 '5 81 Sec. Page. Par. Wind pressure 133 44 7 Materials, strength of: Floor and roof loads 147 48 Safe load on masonry 146 48 Safe load on soils 145 48 Warehouse floors 148 49 Weights of materials 149 49 Measurement of buildings 20 10 9 Moving picture theaters, see theaters. Metal frames and wired glass 162 54 Metal Lath .24 12 (b) Metal lath, Class B 50 20 7 Metal lath, Class C 69 25 (e) Mezzanine floors, Class B 53 21 (b) Mezzanine floors, Class B 52 20 10 Mill construction: Columns 94 33 9 Definition of 94 33 6 Floors 94 33 10 Floor timbers 94 33 11 For Class C 94 33 7 Hollow space 94 33 12 Partitions 94 33 12 Plate 1 . . . 94 33 8 Stairways 94 33 12 N Notice to Building Inspector: For excavation 12 4 13 For finish 12 5 For fire escapes 158 53 7 For heating apparatus 13 5 5 For lathing 12 4 14 For standpipes and other fire protection. 158 53 7 Notice to owners or others 4 1 Time limit 4 Notice, posting of 5 Notice, in writing 6 7 O Obstructions to fire escapes 157 53 Obstructions to streets 122 7 Occupation of streets 123 40 Office building, definition of 19 Offsets, chimneys 132 Offsets, chimneys 130 Openings for gas meters 138 45 Openings in sidewalks 125 41 Outbuildings: Foundations for 82 No plans 3.2 16 P Partition walls 106 36 7 Class A 43 19 Cloth or paper 85 Partition walls, definition of 1 Party walls, definition of 19 Party walls, existing 103 5 Party walls, thickness of 101 Passenger elevators, Class B 56 Passenger elevators, Class C 75 Passenger elevators, Class D 88 Penalty, general 216 Permission to use streets .122 82 Sec. Page. Par. Permits: Application blanks 32 16 3 Cost, see Fees. Expires... 35 17 9 Official stamp 32 ^g Plans not required [[[ 32 ] g Plans on file 32 16 Alterations allowable ., 32 Permission to alter . .. 32 scai e ..;*;;".; 32 16 3 Time held . . .. 32 16 3 Unlawful to erase... 32 16 4 Plans required 32 16 Required ....i...... /....'."*! 32 16 1 Exceptions 32 16 1-2 Revoked .. ... 35 17 ^ Permits for fire escapes 151 50 3 Piers, masonry 100 35 Pipes in columns 109 37 5 Pipe inlets '.'. 161 54 11 Number of 161 54 12 Pipes, steam 144 43 Pipes in walls 109 37 5 Plans for fire escapes 151 50 4 Pressed brick facing 112 37 Pressure on standpipes 159 54 2 Pressure on standpipes, interior 160 54 9 Projections over sidewalks 126 41 Protection of sidewalks ] 24 41 Public halls 24 12 Public halls, definition of .. .19 9 Ranges, setting of 142 47 7 Recesses in walls 108 37 4 Reinforced concrete, (See last part of index). Reinforced concrete partitions 106 36 12 Repairs, definition of 19 9 1 Repairs to floors in stables 29 14 8 Repairs over twenty-five dollars 7 3 4 Repeal of conflicting ordinances 217 73 Retaining walls 96 34 9 Retaining wall, definition of 19 9 19 Reviewing Stands 31% 16% Roofs, Class A 46 20 2 Roofs, Class B 58 23 12 In Fire Dist. No. 1. Roofs, Class C 76 28 7 In Fire Dist. No. 1 76 28 7 Roofs, Class D 90 33 Roof drainage (Class A, B, C and D the same) 46 20 2 Roofs, pent house 119 40 1 Roof spaces (Classes A, B, C and D the same) .... 59 24 S Safe load on masonry 146 Safe load on soils 145 48 Sanitariums, definition of 19 9 16 School buildings 23 12a Assembly Halls 23V 2 12a (a) Automatic Sprinklers 23V 2 12b Ceiling, not Class A 23y 2 12b 1 Floors 23y 2 12b Doors to attic space 23% 12b 5 Elevator shafts, etc 23% 12b (c) Fireproof stairway from balcony 23% 12b (d) FireWalls 23% 12b 5 83 Sec. Page. Par. Heating plants 23 12a (k) Light Shafts 23^ 12b (c) Roofs 23V 2 12b 5 Standpipes, fire 23 12b (b) Toilet rooms: Doors 23 12a (e) Floors 23 12a (c) Grade 23 12a (c) No exposed woodwork 23 12a (g) Side walls and floors 23 12a (a) Stalls 23 12a (f ) Floors of 23 12a (h) Standpipes 23 12a ( i ) Ventilation 23 12a ( j ) Walls 23 12a (b) Windows 23 12a (d) Shoes and plates 85 31 g Sidewalks, openings in 125 41 4 Sidewalk protection 124 41 3 Canopy, construction of 124 41 3 Sidewalk, strength of 125 41 4 Skylights, Class A 47 20 3 Skylights, Class B 60 24 4 Skylights, Class C 78 28 10 Skylights, Class D 89 33 2 Skylights, repairs 8 4 (f ) Smokehouses 26 13 8 Smokestacks, iron 133 44 3 Space around pipes 85 31 14 Specific provisions 215 73 Stables 27 13 9 Connection to sewer 28 14 (b) Exceptions, Dist. No. 2 and 3 28 14 (b) Exceptions 29 14 8 Existing stable requirements 29 14 5 Floors 29 14 6 Manure pits 29 14 5 Repairs to floors 29 14 7 Floors 28 13 (a) Gutter drain 28 14 (b) In existing buildings 28 14 (f ) Manure pit 28 14 (d) Outside Dist. No. 1 28 14 (d) Ventilation 28 14 (e) Wash racks 28 14 (b) Stairways: Assembly halls, etc 24 12 (b, d) Assembly halls, etc 24 13 (f ) Class A 45 19 6 Class B 55 22 6 Class C 74 27 3 Class D 87 32 6 Hospital 21 11 3 Mill construction 94 33 12 Standpipes, exterior 159 53 7 Cap and chain 159 54 6 Couplings 159 54 6 Couplings 159 54 5 Gates and valves 159 53 7 Location of 159 54 3 Number of 159 53 7 Pressure test 159 54 2 Size of 159 53 8-9 Size of connections 159 54 4 Standpipes, interior 160 54 7 Hose 160 54 8 Location 160 54 8 84 Sec. Page. Par Size of 160 54 8 Tank on roof 160 54 8 Where required 160 54 7 Steel, Class A 36 is 2 Store buildings, definition of 19 10 5 Story and one-half building, definition of 19 10 6 Strength of materials 149 49 Structures above roofs 119 39 Structures, definition of 19 9 17 Structural metal, Class A 44 19 4 Structural metal, Class B 52 20 9 Over windows, Class B 52 20 (c) Structural parts, Class A 41 18 7 Studding, Class B 50 20 6 Studding, Class C 64 24 9 Studding, Class D 85 30 11 Studding, Class D, l l / 2 story building 85 31 12 Studs against another building 85 31 15 T Tanks 120 40 2 Tenement house, definition of 19 9 10 Tents and movable structures 9 4 Theater, (See theater index, page ). Toilets, school 23 12a Towers and Turrets, (See amendment to Cornices and Appendages) 118 39 4 U Unlawful to use building 4 2 2 Unlawful construction in Dist. No. 1 18 8 (a, b) Unlawful to establish 18 8 (c) Unlawful to occupy 12 5 3 Use of sidewalks and streets 122 40 4 Occupation of 123 40 9 Piling of earth 123 41 2 Street railways 123 41 1 V Veneering 84 30 9 Bond 84 30 10 Bond 113 37 Bond for stone, etc 113 37 11 Facing 84 30 11 Hollow terra cotta 114 38 2 Ventilation of toilets, Classes A, B, C and D the same 49 20 4 Vents, gas, (See gas vents). Vent shafts, (See elevator shafts). W Walls: Arches and lintels 105 36 7 Bearing, definition of 19 9 5 Brick partitions 106 36 9 Concrete partitions 106 36 11 Curtain 104 36 6 Curtain, definition of 19 9 18 Division, definition of 19 9 4 Existing party 103 36 Exterior, definition of 19 6 Exterior light, Class A 38 18 4 Fire 107 36 14 Exceptions 107 2-3 Anchors for 107 37 How supported 106 Masonry piers 100 35 85 Sec. Page. Par. Outer Class A 38 18 4 Outer, hollow tile, Class A 38 18 4 Partition, definition of 19 9 3 Partition 106 36 8 Partition, Class A 43 19 2 Party, definition of 19 9 2 Recesses in 108 37 4 Reinforced concrete partitions 106 36 12 Retaining 96 34 9 Retaining, definition of 19 9 19 See also hollow terra cotta. Thickness of, definition of 19 9 7 Thickness of, miscellaneous 102 36 Thickness of (table) 101 35 Underpinning 99 35 2 Weight of materials 149 49 Windows adjoining fire escapes 156 52 Woodworking establishments 137 45 THEATERS, SPECIAL REQUIREMENTS FOR Admission to certain public officials 182 62 3 Aisles and seats 173 59 Distance apart 173 59 3 Width of 173 59 Apartments, same building 165 57 Apparatus for fire inspection of 182 62 Automatic sprinklers 181 61 4 Balcony: Orchestra 168 57 Stairways 176 59 9- Additional ^.. 176 60 1 Exits from 176 59 From gallery 176 60 Character of construction 163 56 Existing buildings 163 56 Permit to use 163 56 Corner lot, theater on 165 57 1 Courts and frontage 164 56 4 Corridors 164 56 4 Ceilings and floors 164 56 4 Doors 164 56 4 Obstructions 164 56 4 Courts 164 56 4 Width 164 56 4 Curtain proscenium 168 57 Doors to stairs 167 57 Doors to swing out 174 59 5 Dressing rooms 169 58 2 Doors 169 58 2 Exits 169 58 Partitions 169 58 Windows 169 58 Entrance, main 164 56 4 Frontage 164 56 4 Existing buildings 163 56 2 Permit to use 163 56 Exits, emergency 174 59 5 Doors to 174 59 5 Exterior balconies 174 59 5 Exits for stage 172 59 1 Exit lights 178 60 4 Exits, ordinary 171 58 9 Exits, ordinary 176 59 9 Exits, ordinary 176 60 1-2 Exits through other parts of building 165 57 1 Exits, width of 174 59 5 Exits, width of, (See also Sections 171, 176, 165). 86 Sec. Page. Par. Fire Department supervision 182 62 Standpipes '.181 61 Hose and nozzle 181 61 Automatic sprinklers .181 61 4 Number of .'. ] 181 61 5 Electric lights 181 62 1 Cut-out 181 62 1 Extinguishers 181 61 6 Gas supply 181 62 1 Water barrels 181 61 6 Floors 170 58 4 Stage and others 170 58 4 Floor registers 180 61 1 Foyer entrance 171 58 6 Doorways 171 58 7 For .common exit 171 58 8 Width .171 58 6 Foyers and lobbies 166 57 2 Capacity and width 166 57 2 Gradients 166 57 2 Gallery fronts 175 59 8 Heating apparatus 180 60 7 Hooks, fire 181 61 8 Inside stairways 172 58 8 Handrails 172 59 2 Landings 172 59 2 Risers and treads and winding stairs 172 58 2 Width of 172 58 2 Moving picture theatres following theatre index. Passageways, corner lot 165 57 1 Permit to use building 163 56 4 Pin rails and rigging loft 170 58 6 Property and store room 179 60 Proscenium opening 164 56 6 Definition of street 164 56 6 Location 164 56 6 Proscenium wall 168 57 4 Doors in . . . . 168 58 1 Opening 168 57 4 Curtain , 168 57 4 Radiators 180 61 1 Rigging loft 170 58 6 Seats 173 59 3 Stairways : Balcony 176 59 9 Inside 172 58 8 Stage 172 59 1 Standpipes , 181 61 3 Storage room 179 60 5 Stores, etc 165 57 1 Stores, keeping 179 60 6 Theater, corner lot 165 57 1 Stores, etc 165 57 1 Passageways 165 57 1 Ventilation of stage 177 60 Wainscoting 175 59 Walls, boiler room 180 60 7 Walls, interior 167 57 Workshops 179 60 MOVING PICTURE THEATRES Aisles, cross 190 64 5 Aisles, standing in 189 64 2 Aisles, width of 190 64 Ceilings 187 63 7 Ceilings 186 63 2 Construction, requirements of 185 87 Sec. Page. Par. Exceptions 191 65 Exceptions 193 55 8 Exits 187 63 3 Exceptions 187 63 7 Passageways 187 63 7 Walls and ceilings 187 63 7 Width of 187 63 7 Obstructions to 189 64 2 Protection of 189 64 2 Width of .....187 63 a,b,c,d Exit Signs 188 Exterior walls 186 63 2 Moving picture machines and enclosure 191 64 7 Operating room 191 64 (a) Doors ^ 191 65 (b) Fastenings 191 65 (d) Openings into 191 64 (b) Operator's openings 191 65 (e) Sides and ceilings 191 64 (a) Smoking prohibited 192 65 7 Trap doors 191 65 (c) Ventilation 191 65 (f ) Moving picture theaters over 900 (See theater) 187 63 (e) Permit to conduct 183 62 4 Building approved 184 62 5 How obtained 183 62 4 Issued when 184 62 5 Requirements of construction 185 62 6 RE-INFORCED CONCRETE Aggregate 210 71 (c) Approval of 210 71 (c) Tests required 210 71 (c) Assumptions 197 66 Assumptions 201 69 1 Beams, design of 197 66 $ Bending moment 197 66 Ifr Continuous 197 66 10 Span length 197 67 4 Bending moment, slabs 200 68 3 Cement, Sand an Inerts 210 70 11 Aggregate 210 71 (c) Approval of 210 71 (c) Tests required 210 71 (c) Cement: Quality required 210 70 (a> Quantities tested 210 71 1 Tensile strength 210 71 2 Sand, quality of 210 71 (b) Centering and forms 213 72 10 Cleaning of forms 213 72 11 Clean-out openings 213 72 11 Columns stripped before shores removed 213 72 12 Manner built 213 72 1# Removal of shores under beams and girders. . . .213 72 14 Supports and braces 213 72 10 Supports removed under floor slabs 213 72 15 Time elapsed 213 72 14 Columns : Eccentric loading 201 68 & Stress reduced 201 68 5 Limit of length 201 68 4 Limit of length 201 68 4 Minimum size 201 68 4 Reinforcement 201 68 & Area of 201 68 & 88 Sec. Page. Par. Steel in compression 201 68 5 Ties and hoops 201 68 5 Stress for plain columns 201 68 5 Stress for spiral columns 201 68 5 Unit compression 201 68 4 Columns, spiral reinforced 202 68 7 Eccentric loading 202 69 2 Formula for increased compression 202 69 Increased stress 202 68 7 Percentage and pitch of hooping 202 68 7 Percentage of vertical reinforcement 202 68 7 Verticals, how spaced 202 69 1 Column splices 204 69 12 Connections 204 69 1 Connection of rods in tension 204 70 1 Rods lapped 204 69 12 Slip sleeve 204 69 12 Where spliced 204 70 1 Columns, structural steel encased 203 69 4 Cast iron, length of 203 69 8 Concrete inclosing 203 69 4 Eccentric loading 203 69 6 Latticed or open web 203 69 10 Rolled steel, length of 203 69 7 Spiral reinforcement 203 69 9 Stress allowed 203 69 5 Wrapping of steel 203 69 11 Compression increased 194 65 11 Compression strains (See Unit Stresses). Definition 194 65 9 Designs for slabs, beams and girders 197 66 8 Bending moment 197 66 10 Continuous 197 66 10 Modulus of elasticity 197 66 9 Monolithic construction 197 67 2 Reinforcement at supports 197 67 1 Span length, of simple beams, etc 197 67 4 Brackets 197 67 4 Top finish 197 67 4 Drawings, requirements for 195 66 Certified copy of stress sheets 195 66 2 Final approval 195 66 3 Fireproofings 207 70 6 Materials not fireproof 207 70 7 Increased compression 194 66 Inspection of tests , 194 66 1 Samples on file 194 66 Test samples taken before operation 194 65 11 Inspection and tests 214 72 Daily report to Building Inspector 214 72 16 Examination of Special Inspector 214 73 1 Provisions for Special Inspector 214 72 16 Testing of floors 214 73 Test samples taken before operation 194 65 11 Inspection of tests 194 66 1 Samples on file 194 66 1 Limiting width of flange in beams 198 67 Bond between slab and beam 198 67 10 Flange reinforcement 198 67 Floor slab as flange area 198 67 5 Neutral avis below slab 198 67 6 Slab cast with beam 198 67 Width of slab 198 67 7 Mixing and proportions -194 65 Strength of concrete 194 65 10 Time.., 194 65 10 89 Sec. Page. Par. Mixing reinforced concrete, proportions for 209 70 10 Aggregate 209 70 10 Hand mixing 209 70 10 Mixing machine 209 70 10 Proportions measured 209 70 10 Pipes not permitted 202 69 3 Placing concrete and steel 212 71 Care used in handling 212 71 .11 . Cleaning of columns 212 72 5 Compression rods 212 72 9 Joinings 212 71 13 Joints 212 71 12 Longitudinal rods, spacing of 212 72 8 Regulations 212 71 11 Resumption of work 212 72 3 Steel held in place 212 ,72 7 Tee beam 212 72 6 Time between pourings 212 72 4 Wetting 212 71 11 Reinforcements at supports 197 67 1 Removal of shores 213 72 14 Reports, daily 214 72 16 Requirements for drawings 195 66 2 Resumption of work 212 .72 3 Rods, not painted 206 70 5 Samples on file 194 66 -1 Special Inspector 214 72 16 Square and rectangular slabs 200 68 3 Distribution of load 200 68 4 Reinforcement, two ways 200 68 3 Formulas 20 68 3 Thickness of slab 200 . 68 Steel in compression 196 66 7 Steel in concrete 211 71 6 Certified copies of 211 ,71 6 High carbon steel 211 71 8 Rolled from Tee rails 211 , 71 Standard requirements , 211 71 7 Standard requirements 211 71 6 Tests ; 2U 71. 6 Tests required 211 71 9 Stresses, working 196 66 4 (See also unit stresses.) (See also web stresses.) Structural steel in .columns 203 69 4 Systems of reinforced concrete 208 70 8 Tensile strength, cement 210 71 1 Testing floors , .214 73 2 Test samples 194 65 11 Samples on file. 194 65 11 Taken before operation 194 65 11 Unit stresses 196 66 4 Bond, specially formed bars 196 . 66 5 Diagonal tension 196 66 6 Reinforced concrete 196 66 6 Steel in compression 196 66 7 Walls 205 70 2 Curtain 205 70 2 Lapping of bars 205 70 2 Reinforcement 205 70 2 Spacing of rods 205 70 . , \. 2 Thickness 205 70 '^ v . 2 Required reinforcement 206 70 ; ^r/ 4 Rods, location of 205 70 , 3 Rods, not painted 206 70 ,." ; 5 Strength required 205 70 3 90 Sec. Page. Par. Web stresses 199 67 11 Anchorage for stirrups 199 67 15 Bent up rods to resist shear 199 68 1 Compressed steel 199 68 2 Diagonal tension 199 67 11 Reinforcement increasing unit shear 199 67 14 Shear, limit of 199 67 13 Stirrups, spacing of 199 67 12 Stirrups, unattached .199 67 14 Unit shear . . .199 67 14 91 Ordinance No. 1398 An Ordinance of the City of Pasadena Amending Ordinance No. 1312 Entitled, "An Ordinance of the City of Pasa- dena Regulating the Construction, Alteration, Repair, Moving and Demolition of Buildings and Structures, and the Use Thereof, Providing for the Issuing of Per- mits for the Same, Establishing Fire Limits and Pro- viding for the Demolition of Buildings and Other Struc- tures Dangerous to Life or Property." The Commission of the City of Pasa- dena ordains as follows: SECTION 1. That Section 3 of Or- dinance No. 1312 be and is hereby amended by adding thereto the follow- ing words: "Provided that whenever it shall ap- pear to the Commission that in a par- ticular instance the provisions of this code are inapplicable, or that the en- forcement of this code would work a hardship without tending to secure the objects hereof, to-wit, the safe and secure construction, maintenance and use of buildings, structures and appli- ances, and the protection of the inhab- itants of the City from loss of life and Property by fire and otherwise, the ommission may grant permission for the erection, construction, alteration, repair, raising, building upon, moving, demolition, maintenance or use of any building or structure in a manner which "shall secure the said objects hereof other than the manner Pre- scribed by this code. Applications for such permission shall be filed with the Building Inspector and shall contain a full statement of the reasons there- for relied upon by the applicant, to- gether with such maps, plans and dia- grams as may be necessary to a com- plete understanding thereof. The Building Inspector shall transmit each such application to the Commission with his recommendation thereon. The Commission shall promptly act upon such application by order made upon motion which order shall recite the reasons upon which . such action is based, and shall fully appear upon the minutes of the Commission." SECTION 2. That Section 14 of Or- dinance No. 1312 be and is hereby amended to read as follows: "SECTION 14. BOARD OF APPEAL: The Commission of the City of Pasa- dena shall constitute a Board of Ap- peal for the determination of all mat- ters left by this Code to the discretion of the Building Inspector when any person or persons affected by any rul- ing in such matter may feel aggrieved thereby. Such appeal shall be taken by filing with the City Clerk a petition stating in concise terms the ruling apr pealed from and the grievance com- plained of. At the time of filing such petition, the sum of Five Dollars ($5.00) shall be deposited with the City Clerk arid without such deposit the ap- peal shall have no effect. The City Clerk shall thereupon notify the Build- ing Inspector of the appeal. After such petition and deposit have been filed with the City Clerk, the Commis- sion shall, at its next regular meeting, hear, and promptly determine all ques- tions raised by said appeal. If the de- termination of the Commission is wholly in support of the determination made by the Building Inspector, and appealed from, the said deposit of Five Dollars ($5.00) shall be. forfeited and become the property of the City. If the determination of the Commission is wholly in favor of the petitioner, the deposit of Five Dollars ($5.00) shall be returned to the petitioner. If the determination of the Commission shal 1 sustain the ruling complained of in part, the deposit of Five Dollars ($5.00) shall be apportioned to the City and to the petitioner in such pro- portion as to the Commission may ap- pear equitable. The Commission may engage the ser- vices of experts to assist in the de- termination of such appeals. The fil- ing of such appeal shall suspend the enforcement of the ruling or determ- ination appealed ft*om until the hear- ing and disposition of the appeal by the Commission." SECTION 3, That the definition of the word "theater" as contained in Section 19 of Ordinance No. 1312 be and is hereby amended to read as fol- "A theater is a room, hall or audi- torium having, a stage either with or without scenery, used or designed to be used for the public entertainment of pesons and adapted to the presenta- tion of plays, operas, spectacles or sim- ilar forms of entertainment, provided, however, that such room, hall or audi- torium, if on the first noor and if used and intended for use exclusively for Religious, or educational purposes, or both, and of a seating capacity of less than eight hundred (800) persons, shall fipt be considered a theater, nor be required to comply with the provisions hereof relating to theaters." SECTION 4. That subdivision (c) of Section 28 of Ordinance No. 1312 be and is hereby amended to read as fol- lows- "(c) Any wash rack when within or used in connection with a stable must be provided with a surface drain which shall connect with the sewer." SECTION 5. That subdivision (d) of Section 28 of Ordinance No. 1312 be and is hereby amended to read as fol- lows: "(d). Every person, firm or corpora- tion now or hereafter maintaining any stable or other place in Fire District No. 1, in which manure or staole refuse accumulates, shall provide a bin or pit constructed of masonry not less than four (4) inches thick at a point desig- nated therefor by the Health Depart- ment of the City. Said bin or pit may have a door in the encf or side thereof, providing the bottom of said door shall be eighteen (18) inches from the floor of said bin, and shall be equipped with a tight door and cover; otherwise, said bin or pit shall be entirely closed. Such bin or pit shall be vented by means of a duct or flue not less man twelve (12) inches in diameter, and if inside of a otiilding such vent shall extend through the roof. The outer termina- tion of said vent shall be effectually screened against flies, and shall be car- ried above the roofs of all buildings within twenty-five (25) feet thereof, and shall in no instance be closer than ten (10) feet to any window or light well." SECTION 6. That the first para- graph of Section 32 of Ordinance No. 1312 be and is hereby amended to read as follows: "It shall be unlawful for any person, firm or corporation, as principal, agent, officer, clerk or employee, for himself, or itself, or for another person, firm or corporation, to commence or proceed with the erection, con- struction, alteration, repair, moving or demolition (restoration of plaster- ing Or painting and repairs to doors and windows and fences and wrecking of buildings outside of Fire District No. 1 excepted) of any building or other structure in the City of Pasa- dena (other than structures erected by the United States of America), unless a permit so to do has been first ob- tained as herein provided, except that a permit need not be procured for work (not exceeding in cost Twenty-five Dol- lars ($25.00) ) outside of Fire District No. 1, when chimneys and vents are not involved." SECTION 7. That the first para- graph of Section 45 of Ordinance No. 1312 be and is hereby amended to read as follows: "Every building of Class "A," if two or more stories in height, shall have at least one interior stairway from the ground to the topmost story, and if such building has three or more stories such stairway shall extend to the roof. All stairways in such buildings shall be constructed of fireproof material throughout." SECTION 8. That the first para- graph of Section 55 of Ordinance No. 1312 be and is hereby amended to read as follows: "Buildings of Class "B" if two or more stories in height shall have one main interior stairway not less than four (4) feet wide from the floor to the topmost story, but in no case shall there be less than two interior stairways from the top floor to the second flooi in any building having more than six thousand (6000) square feet of second floor area. Every such building shall have at least one interior stairway re- moved not less than ten (10) feet from any elevator shaft or open well-hole, and every such building over two stories in height shall have on e inter- ior stairway to the roof " SECTION 9. That the first para- graph of Section 74 of Ordinance No. 1312 be and is hereby amended to read as follows: "Buildings of Class "C" of two or more stories shall have one main inter- ior stairway not less than four (4) feet wide from the first to the topmost story, but in no case shall there be less than two interior stairways from the top floor to the second floor in any such building having more than six thousand (6000) square feet of second floor area. Every such building shall have at least one interior stairway re- moved not less than ten (10) feet 'from any elevator shaft or open wellhole, and every such building over two stories in height shall have o-e inter- ior stairway to the roof." SECTION 10. That the last para- graph of Section 74 of Ordinance No. 1312 be and is hereby amended to read as follows: "Every basement used or intended to be used for the exhibition of goods, wares, or merchandise, or for the sale thereof at retail, shall be provided with at least one stairway not less than five (5) feet in width for every three thous- and (3000) square feet of floor area of such basement, and shall be increased in width one (1) foot six (6) inches for each additional one thousand (1000) square feet or fractional part thereof If such basement contains six thous- and (6000) square feet, it shall have two (2) five (5) foot stairways, and shall be increased one (1) foot in width for each additional one thousand (1000) square feet or fractional part thereof. If a passenger elevator is ir: use, the increase in width of stairs shall be but one (1) foot for one thous- and (1000) square feet or fractional part thereof. Every such stairway shall have a hand rail on each side." SECTION 11. That Section 85 of Or- dinance No. 1312 be and is hereby amended by striking therefrom the fol- lowing words: "1st. That the second story have a double floor over the entire area." SECTION 12. That Section 91 of Or- dinance No. 1312 be and is hereby amended by adding thereto the follow- ing words: "A scuttle hole not smaller than eighteen (18) inches by twenty-four (24) inches is required in each attic space " SECTION 13. That Section 130 of Ordinance No. 1312 be and is hereby amended by adding to the first para- graph thereof the words: "If no woodwork be permitted with- in one and one-half (1|) inches of the brick, the walls of chimneys in one story dwellings may be four (4) or more inches thick if all joints are struck, and the outside thereof plas- tered from floor to roof one-half (i) inch thick of ten (10) per cent cement mortar." SECTION 14. That Section 139 of Ordinance No. 1312 be and is hereoy amended by striking therefrom the first two paragraphs and inserting in lieu thereof the following: "Open fireplaces for gas only may be used if constructed in the following manner: All walls thereof when finished shall be not less than eight (8) inches thick. Said fireplaces shall be provided with a terra cotta vent not more than three (3) inches in diameter, which shall ex- tend to the roof as provided in Section 140 hereof for similar gas vents. No such gas fireplace shall rest on wood- work. Hearths shall be constructed therefor as provided in Section 131 hereof." SECTION 15. That Section 141 of Ordinance No. 1312 be and is hereby amended by adding thereto the follow- ing words: "Furnaces constructed under this and the preceding section shall be inspected by the Plumbing Inspector and shall not be used until approved by him." SECTION 16. That Section 159 of Ordinance No. 1312 be and is hereby amended by adding to the sixth para- graph thereof the following words: "Class "A" buildings of not over five thousand (5000) square feet of floor surface on any one floor, shall not be required to have more than one stand- pipe, if such standpipe be located so that a fifty (50) foot hose attached thereto will reach any part of said floor surface." SECTION 17. That there be added to Ordinance No. 1312 a new section to be known as Section 182J to read as follows: "SECTION 182|. Any building con- taining a room, hall or auditorium of the class described in the proviso fol- lowing the definition of a "Theater" as contained in Section 19 hereof, may be constructed in the manner prescribed in this section, or in accordance with the provisions of this ordinance relat- ing to theaters and in no other man- ner. (a) Subdivisions (a), (b) and (c) of Section 24 of Ordinance No. 1312 shall apply to buildings constructed or maintained under the provisions of this section. (b) No such room, hall or auditor- ium shall have more thau ne gallery. The seating capacity of such gallery shall not exceed two hundred (.200). There shall be a staircase leading to said gallery not less than five (5) feet in width, and descending directly to the auditorium or the lobby or vesti- bule thereof. There shall be a hand- rail on each side of all stairways lead- ing to a gallery or basement. There shall be no winders in any such stair- way. Every landing of every such stairwa.y shall be full aggregate width of the flights of stairs leading thereto from above, and the depth of every such landing shall be equal to the ag- gregate width of stairs so leading thereto. The minimum head room per- mitted over such stairway shall be eight (8) feet. (c) There shall be one exit from the stage of such room, hall or auditorium, opening directly to the outside of the building, not less than six (6) feet in width, and six (6) feet etght (8) inches in height, or in lieu thereof, two (2) such exits not less than three (3) feet six (6) inches wide and six (6) feet eight (8) inches high. (d) There shall be one (1) exit on each side of such room, hall or auditor- ium not less than five (5) feet wide and seven (7) feet high, or one (1) exit on one side thereof not less than ten (10) feet wide and seven (7) feet high if such room, hall or auditorium is of five hundred (500) seating capacity or less. The width of such exits shall be increased ten (10) per cent for each additional on e hundred (100) persons (or fractional part thereof) increase in seating capacity. The main entrance (which shall be constructed in addi- tion to the side entrances in this sub- division required) shall be at leadt fif- teen (15) per cent greater in width than the aggregate width of aisle space required for such room, hall or audi- torium, or in lieu thereof, two (2) such entrances may be provided each of which shall be not less than five (5) feet wide by seven (7) feet high. All doors in the walls of such room, hall or auditorium shall swing out. Al\ exits shall be lighted as provided in Section 188 hereof. (e) The proscenium wall of such room, hall or auditorium shall be con- structed of masonry, provided, how- ever, that between the floor and ceiling of such room, hall or auditorium such proscenium wall may be constructed of deep rib plastering lath plastered solid with approved hard wall plaster. Any other make of lath may be used if equally effective. If such plaster wall is used there shall be a masonry wall at least eight (8) inches thick ex- tending from the ground to the level of the top of the joists forming the floor of the stage. Such plaster wall shall rest on such masonry wall. All openings in the proscenium wall either above or below the stage floor (except the proscenium opening) shall be equipped with standard fire doors which shall not be locked at any time during a performance or entertainment of any kind. (f) The proscenium opening shall be strengthened at each side by a chan- nel iron extending from the stage floor to. the roof, and shall be provided with a fireproof curtain of asbestos or other fireproof material which shall slide at each end within iron grooves securely fastened to the wall, or shall slide in the channel iron hereby re- quired. (g) There shall be no dressing room or rooms or closet of any kind located on the auditorium side of the proscen- ium wall. All dressing rooms and clos- ets located on the stage side of the proscenium wall shall be constructed on cement floor and lined with metal lath and plaster. All plastering on or in connection with the stage shall be based upon metal lath of an effective design. All doors upon the stage side of the proscenium opening in such room, hall or auditorium shall be equipped with standard fire doors. (h) There shall be at least one pipe of not less than one and one-half (1J) inches diameter located on the stage of such room, hall or auditorium, which pipe shall be equipped with a hose and nozzle of sufficient length to render all parts of the stage and wings read- ily accessible therewith. Said pipe shall be connected to a water main and shall contain water under pressure at all times, ready for immediate use. Said hose shall be hung upon a suitable (i) All scenery and combustible ma- terial used or kept in connection with such room, hall or auditorium shall be kept in a fireproof property room. Such room may be made fireproof by mas- onry walls or by deep rib metal lath and plaster. Other metal lath may be used if equally effective. All doors to such rooms shall be equipped with standard fire doors, (j) Permits may be granted for the exhibition of moving pictures in rooms, halls and auditoriums constructed ac- cording to the provisions of this sec- tion, provided that the moving picture machine and apparatus be placed in an enclosure or room, rendered proof against fire by having the walls, ceil- ing and floor thereof effectively pro- tected with one-quarter () inch as- bestos or other material equally ef- fective. All openings into such in- closure or room shall be equipped with doors or shutters of non-combustible material so arranged as to effectively close such openings when not in use. Such doors or shutters shall open out- ward." SECTION 18. That Section 185 of Ordinance No. 1312 be and is hereby amended to read as follows: "SECTION 185. REQUIREMENTS OF CONSTRUCTION. Except as otherwise provided in Section 182|, subdivision (j), any room in which a moving pic- ture exhibition, or any entertainment at which moving pictures are exhibited, is held, conducted or carried on, shall be on the first or ground floor, or side- walk level, and such room shall front on a public street, and the back or rear of such room or one side thereof shall abut upon a public street or alley. Except as otherwise provided in this section and in Section 182|, subdivision (j), any moving picture exhibition, or any entertainment at which moving pictures are exhibited shall be held, conducted or carried on, in a room of the character specified in this section, in strict compliance with the provisions of all other sections hereof." SECTION 19. That the first para- graph of Section 191 of Ordinance No. 1312 be and is hereby amended to read as follows: "Except as otherwise provided in Section 182|, subdivision (j), it shall be unlawful for any person, firm or corporation, as principal, agent, offi- cer, clerk or employee, for himself or itself, or for another person, firm or corporation to use or operate, or to cause or permit to be used or operated, any moving picture machine unless the same and the inclosure or room in which the same is operated, conform to the following requirements": SECTION 20. The City Clerk shall certify to the adoption of this ordin- ance and shall cause the same to be published once in The Pasadena Star. I hereby certify that the foregoing- ordinance was adopted by the Com- mission of the City of Pasadena at its meeting held September 29, 1913, by the following vote: Ayes: Commissioners Allin, Hamil- ton, Loughery, Metcalf and Salisbury. Noes: None. HEMAN DYER, Clerk of the City of Pasadena. Signed and approved this 29th day of September, 1913. R. L. METCALF, Chairman of the Commission 01* the City of Pasadena. ORDINANCE NO. 1437 An Ordinance of the City of Pasadena Amending Ordinance No. 1312 Entitled "An Ordinance of the City of Pasadena Regulating the Construction, Alteration, Repair, Moving and Demolition of Buildings and Structures, and the Use Thereof, Providing for the Issuing of Permits for the Same, Establishing Fire Limits and Providing for the Demolition of Buildings and Other Structures Dangerous to Life or Property. The Commission of the City of Pasadena ordains as follows: SECTION 1. That the portion of Sec- tion 130 of Ordinance No. 1312 added by Section 13 of Ordinance No. 1398, be, and is hereby repealed. SECTION 2. That Section 89 of Ordin- ance No. 1312 be, and is hereby amended to read as follows: "SECTION 89. SKYLIGHTS: Skylight frames in buildings of Class "D" other than dwellings, shall be constructed en- tirely of metal and all joints riveted with tinner's rivets. Said skylights shall be glazed with ribbed glass, and no light therein shall be larger than sixteen inches by seventy-two inches." SECTION 3. That the first paragraph of Section 116 of Ordinance No. 1312 be and is hereby amended by striking out the words "outside of Fire District No. 1," and inserting in lieu thereof the words "In Fire District No. 1." SECTION 4. That the second para- graph of Section '15 of Ordinance No. 1312 be and is hereby amended to read as fol- lows : "Fire District No. 1 shall include all that portion of the City of Pasadena bounded by the following described lines: Beginning at a point which is the inter- section of the center lines of Los Robles Avenue and Colorado Street; thence south along the center line of Los Robles Ave- nue two hundred and twenty-five (225) feet; thence west and parallel with Colo- rado Street to a point two hundred thirty (230) feet west of the center line of Euclid Avenue; thence south parallel with the center line of Euclid Avenue to a point three hundred thirty (330) feet south of the center line of Colorado Street; thence west parallel with the center line of Colo- rado street to a point one hundred sixty- two and twenty-five one hundredths (162. 35) feet east of the center line of Marengo \venue; thence south parallel with the center line of Marengo Avenue to the center line of Green Street; thence west along the center line of Green Street to the center line of Marengo Avenue; thence south along the center line of Ma- rengo Avenue to the center line of that portion of Green Street west of Marengo Avenue; thence west along the center line of that portion of Green Street west of Marengo Avenue to a point one hun- dred and sixty (160) feet east of the cen- ter line of Broadway; thence south and parallel with the center line of Marengo Avenue to the center line of Center Street; thence west along the center line of Cen- ter Street to the center line of Raymond Avenue; thence north along the center line of Raymond Avenue to the center line of Dayton Street; thence west along the center line of Dayton Street to the center line of Fair Oaks Avenue; thence south along the center line of Fair Oaks Avenue to the center line of Valley Street; thence west along the center line of Valley Street to the center of a cer- tain alley running between Valley Street and Dayton Street, the center line of which is one hundred fifty-two and five- tenths (152.5) feet west of the center line of Fair Oaks Avenue; thence north along the center line of said alley to the center line of Dayton Street; thence west along the center line of Dayton Street to the center line of Delacy Street; thence north along the center line of Delacy Street to the center line of Green Street; thence west along the center line of Green Street to the center line of Vernon Ave- nue; thence north along the center line of Vernon Avenue to the production west of the north line of Lot Numbered Seven (7), Amended Map of Colorado Street Subdivision, as per map recorded in Book 83, page 31, Miscellaneous Records of Los Angeles County; thence east to the north- east corner of said Lot Numbered Seven (7) ; thence -south along the east line of said Lot Numbered Seven (7), to a point three hundred seven and seven-tenths (307.7) feet north of the center line of Colorado Street; thence east parallel with and distant three hundred seven and seven-tenths (307.7) feet north of the cen- ter line of Colorado Street to the center line of Pasadena Avenue; thence north along the center line of Pasadena Avenue to the center line of Union Street; thence east along the center line of Union Street to the east line of Carr Alley; thence north along the east line of Carr Alley to the south line of B. F. Ball's Home Place, as per map recorded in Book 9, page 51, Miscellaneous Records of Los An- geles County; thence east along the south line of said B. F. 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MAKERS SYRACUSE, - N.Y. GENERAL LIBRARY -U.C. BERKELEY BDDD8flDDa3 293047 UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LIBRARY UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LIBRARY BERKELEY Return to desk from which borrowed.