11 THE LIBRARY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES ! i*rlV ^ -^i/fi^^i^ /a}x c/.yd ^t/'S /r, ///,/ JU.^ i^f"-' ^^- 'u ^^, ^ ^^1 w r I 1 A R £ L AT I O R of a lourney fc'c^im <^/^^' ^^ "m^: C oTitaunnj it dHcrij;tion oi > jf t/ii? -/{SlvJjMf. of- the He. mc!ej!urrs ^fltjlv, and J I anas' acC- joyinnjj ■ (J^ 6i :E.dihon. 31.0NI30N 1 6 JO ■rr.fi-* Br it. tin, 1 67 5. 9k-^t^ ,^/^.<^^^.-', ^-- ..^^.^v. >'''"' '^^"^^^ '\^ /<:-^ C^y^^C^- / / .^ ^^-^ A- /^ >f. \ h / '/^// ^^ t /tf^'?-c f/iC Sandys Travels^ CONTAINING AN HISTORY OF THE Original and prefent State of the Tmh^fl) EMPIRE: Their Laws, Government, Policy, Militnry Force, Courts of Juftice, and Commerce. The MAHOMETAN RELIGION and CEREMONIES: ADESCRIPTION o( CONST ANTIN OPLE, The Grand Signior's ^fr.T^'//^, and his manner of living : ALSO, OfGREECE, With the RELIGION and CUSTOMS of the GRECIANS. 0[ MGT FT -i the Antiquity,Hicroglyphicks,Ritcs,€u(Toms, Difciplinc, and Religion of the ^^/jfiij^x. A VOYAGE on the River NrLZ^i-: ; Of Armenia^ GrandCairo^ Rhodes^ the Pyvxti/ikks, Cohffns ; The former flourifbing and prefent State of /^LFAr/4A'£>/?///. » * A Defcription of the HO Lr-L/^ND ; of thcy^B?/, andfeverai SeftsofCi^r//?/^/?/ living there 5 of JerufilcM, sepulchre o\ChriJi^ "temple of Solomon-', and what clfe either of Antiquity, or worth obfervation. 1 LASTLY, ITALY dcfcriScd,and the lOands adjoininjr ; as Cyprns^Crete, Afdlta^Sicilia, the .-Eoli-ifi Klands '■> OfRov/e, I'enice^ Njpfcs^ Sjr.icufty Mefina, ^»j, ScylljjZnd Cbarybdij; and ocIkt places of Note. Jllnjiratcd with Fifty Graven Maps and Figures, titjc SctJentO coition. LONDON, , 92 Printed for "^ohn Williams junior, at the Crown in Little-Britain. 1675. __ ^_, _^ *k. ■xt)> ■ Tilt LIBU-'^RY TO THE PRINCE SIR, "^^H E Eminencs of the degree wherein God ^ and Nature hath placed yoit^ doth allure the eyes , and the hopzfulfiefs of your Virtues-^ win the lozfe of all men. For 'virtue being in a private perfon an ex- emplary ornament ', advanceth it f elf in a Prince to a puhlich^blefftng. And^ as the Sun to the worlds ' fo hrinoeth it both light a?td life to a Kingdom j a light of direSiion by glorious example, and a life of joy throuah a gracious Go'vernnient . From the juji and fer ions confideration whereof y there fpringeth in minds not brutipj, a thanhjtd cor- refpondence of affeBion and duty i flill preffiag to exprefs themfehes in endeai^ours of fer 'vice. Which alfo hath canfed me {mofl noble Prince) not fumifJjed of better means, to offer in humble i.€al to your Princely 'view thefe my djubledTra>^5""" Ara,bi a- tiie deleft A i -■— a- Part of Arab la ^\ ^iff? the na apple -AliuU IE RELATION O F A JOURNEY; CONTAINING A Defcription of the Turkifh Em fire ofEgjpty of the Holy Land^ of the remote Parts of haly^ and ISLANDS adjoyning. THE FIRST BOOK. Began my Journey through Fr^?/<:r,hard upon the time when that execrable Murthcr was committed upon theperlon oi Henry the Fourth, by an obfcure Varlet, even in the fhcets of his principal City , by day , and then when Royally attended i to fhew that there is none i'o contemptible, thatcontemneth his own life, but is the mafter of another mans. Triumphs were interrupted by Funerals, and mens minds did labour with fearful expedations. The Princes of the Blood difcontented, the Nobles factious : thofc of the Reli- gion daily threatned , and nightly fearing a MafTacre. Mean- while a number of Souldiers are drawn by fmall pumbcrs into the City to confront all outrages. France 1 forbear to fpeak of, and the lefs remote parts of Italy, daily furveycd and exadly related. At Vaiice I will begin my Journal. From whence wc departed on the 20. o{A»e,uji 1(5 ic. in the little Detcnce o\ London. Two days after wc touched at Kovigm->zTovjn of Ijiria, and under the Venetians, high-mounted on a Hill , not unfruittul in Olives i the Haven convenient and guarded with a CalHc. Here thofe that are bound for Venice, do take a Pilot for their (ecurer entrance at the Ears of Ma- lamocco. The Town is poor fas are the reli thereabout) by reafon of the Neighbour- hood of Vtni'c, fome twenty leagues diltant , whidi doth draw unto it the general Commerce: they prohibiting all TralVwk elfewhere throughout the whole Gulph. The Couatiy adjoyning, mountainous and vvidci yet celebrated forQ^irrics of ex- cellent Marble, which do (b adorn the Venetian Palaces : one Mountain iurmounting thcred, called M/;»i'Wjjflri-, ririi difeovercd by the Sailer , abounding with rare and far-fought Pliylical Simples. Tiie JirJ.vM/ are (aid to dcfccnd of tlie Colchians , <6> ot thole that were lent by Oeta in purluit of the Argonauts. Their chief City is called C.ifc £ IJria, here tolorc Jitjlinjplis of Julinian the Bui Idt r, fi Thi.s AdriaUch^Sea- lUyria. LIB. I. This Sea (now the Gulph of Venice) was formerly named Adr'uticHm of Adr'ia , a famous City built by the Ihufcans at the mouth oiEridawus- dim ingeni decus Hefperlar, lux addita terra:, Eridani cujusproluii unda pfdes : Nunc vix nomen habet, lethoquc informe cadaver, Et famuli* fordens Adria putret aquis. Tranflatum eft alio Imperium titulique TCtufti : Ecce novos ditat prifca ruina laret. Dira tamen fruftra facias fortuna fupcrbos. Difcitequam valcani fccptra manerc diu. Nunc igitur melius mea res : fccura timoris. Cum vigeo, lortis lege foluta mei. /. C. Scaliger. "Xhepride ofItaly,that didbeHorc On Earth a beauty, Tvajht by filver Po : Scarce nani'd, a deformed carcafs, myfom fleams Notv Adfia vents-, being foul in her onn jireams. Emfire, and title-, both from thee are bom ■ And thy old ruinei newer hart adorn. Fortune thou faljly Hftcji up on high : Of Scepters fee the perpetuity ! In better \\ate novcftand I i dijpajjejl Of fears : from my harddejiinies releaji. Of this the there born Emperour Adrian received his name. The Gulph divideth Jtaly irom Illyria-, joyning Ea^-ward with tht Mediterraneum , about theCipe of Otranto : being feven hundred miles in length, and levcnfcore in latitude. It atford- cth few Harbors unto Italy, (Ancona, Brundufium , and Otranto , the principal , and almoft only ) but many to the oppofite fliore , with multitudes of Illandj. A Sea tcmpefluous and unfaithful : at an inllant incenfed with»fudden guils j but chiefly with the Southern winds. Quo non arbiter Adriae Major, (olkrc feu poncre vuh freta. Hor.l. I. Ode j. On Adria none more great than th.fe Jf^ould they enrage^ or ftiK compofe. But more dreadful are the Northern, beating upon the harbourlefs fliore. The Venetians arc Lords of this Sea ; but not without contention with the Papacy. On Alcenlion-day the Duke, accompanied with the Clarijfimo's of that Signiory, is rowed thither in the 'Bueentoro •, a triumphal Galley , richly and exquilitely guilded : above there is a room ( beneath which they row ) comprehending the whole length and breadth of that Galley, near the Poup a Throne i the reft accommodated with feats , where he folemnly efpoufeth the Sea, confirmed by a Ring thrown therein : the Nu- ptial pledge and Symbole of fubjedtion. This Ceremony received a beginning from* that fame Sca-battel fought and won by the Venetians-, under the conducj of Sebafii' fl»ffZjMi,againft the Forces of Frt;^erii;^Bjr/>jr()j[p, in the quarrel of Pope Alexander the Third : who flying the Emperours tury , in the habit of a Cook, repaired to Venice^ and there lived long difguifed in the Monaftery ot Charity. Zani returning in Tri- umph with ihe Emperours Son, was met by the Pope , and fainted in this manner : Here take,Oh Zani-, this Ring of Gold, and by giving it to the Sea,oblige it unto thee. A Ceremony that ihall on this day be yearly obdrved, both by thee and thy SucceC- fors ; that pofterity may know how you have purchafed the Dominion thereof by your valours, and made it fubjcdl unto you, as a Wife to her Husband. But the Pirates hereabout do now more than fhare with them in that Soveraignty , who gather fuch courage from the timeroufncls of divers, that a little Frigat will often not fear to venture on an Argofie : nay , fome of them will not abide the encounter i but run afhore before the purfuer : (as if a Whale (hould flye from a Dolphinj glad that with wrack of Ship, and lofs of Goods they may prolong a defpifed life, or retain undefct- ved liberty. We failed all along in the Cght oiValmatia, which lycth between Jjlria and Epirus, called anciently /J/)irt.j,ofIiyi;tftheSon otC^^ww, afterwards Pj/w^Jtw, of the City Dalminium '■> and at this day Sclavnnia,o(the Sclavi^i people of Sarmatia'.who leaving their own homes in the Reign oi Juliinian-, were planted by him in 7hracia-,ind after- ward in the days of Afj«riti;(j and P/wc(«, became poffelfors of his Country. Patient they are of labour, and able ot body. The meaner fort will tug luftily at an Oari and arc by their Soveraignsot Venice ( luch as remain under that State) imploycd fo that purpofe. The Women married not till the age of 24. nor the men until 3c. perhaps the caufe of their lirength,and fo big proportions : or for that bred in a mountainous Country , who are generally obfeived to over-fi7e thofe that dwell on low levels. Three thoufand Horlmen of this Country, and the Illands hereabout are inrplled in the Venetian Militia. They difftnt not from the (jne/;Chutchin their Reli- gion, LIB. I. lUyria. Cjrcyra. Lettfadij. gion. ThrOHgFiout the North part otthe World their Language is underftood and Ipokcn : even from thence alnioll to the Coiihnes of T.irtarij. The men wtar halt- llcevtd Gowns of Violct-clothi with Bonnets of the (anic. They noiiriOi only a lock of hair on the crown vt their heads, tiic reft ail (haven. The Women wear theirs not long, and dye them black tor tile melt part. Their chief Ciiy is RjgHJj ( hcrctotore EpidjHfUf) a Common-wealth of it lelt : famous tor Mtrchandife and plenty of Ship- ping. Many fmall lllands belong thereunto, but little of the Continent. They pay Tribute to the 7nrk^ 14000 Zetchins yearly , and fpcnd as much more upon thtm in gifts and entertainment : fending the Grand Signior every year a Ship loade-n with Pitch tor the ufe of his Gallics, wliercby they purchale their peace , and a ditciurge of Duties throughout the OttonunEmp'nc- Cor/w, the tirtl Ilbnd ot note that we pafs by, lyeth in the Lwu«Sea i ^retching Eali and Weft in form of a Bow ; 54 miles long, 24 broad , and diltant about 12 from the Main of Epiritf- Called tormerly Cocyra , oi Corcyra the Daughter of JEfopus there buried : but more anciently Plujcia. Celebrated by Hmcr tor the fliipwrack ofVlyjftir, and Orchards of AlcinoM. Thcfe at no time do their rare fruit foregn : Still bnalhing Zcphyria nukes fame to grorv Other J to ripen- Groreiu^ fruits fupply Ihi gjthered: and fucceed fj ordtrly. Ex iis fruftusnunquam petit heque deficit, Hyems, nequc xHace , toto anno durant/cd fane Temper Zcphyrus fpirans h.rc crcrcere facit aliaque maturcfctre. I'irum port pirum fcncfc.tjpoinum port pomum Porro port uvjin uva, ficus pott ficum. ' Horn. Od. I, I. The South part thereof i^ mountainous, and defcollo , to throw lome one trom the top, condemned before for his offences, (luck with alt forts of fea- thers', and birds tytd about him , that his fall by their flutterings might become the leis violent : received below by a number in Boats, and (o thrult out of their conrines. In this llland they have a City inhabited for the molt part by Jtwj : received by Bi- jazet the fecond, at fuch time as they were expulfcd Spai» by King Ferdinand. Val di Compare, a little beyond prelcntcth her rocky Mountains, containing in cir- euit about hfty miles : now inhabited by Exiles and Pirates , on'cc called Ithaca , fo celebrated for the birth oiVlyjfa i who was not only Lord of that barren llland, but At UiyfTti ducebat Cephalencnfes magnanimos, Ihe valiant CcJ-'hahniansy and they Qui Ithicam tenebant & Neritum frondofam : jyjjg Egilipa, Hame., Ithaca^ Et Crocylia habitabant & if.gilipatn afpcram, iVnn/lv Ner'uiu rvjtrv Cm^tvl Quique Z.cynthum habitabant & qui San.um incolebant. ^"'"y' f ^""^' "I'^P ^'^'«J' ' Oulquc Epirum habitabant & oppofitam Continentctn Zacynthus and Lp.re pf>ffejs . who till incolcbant. 77/ oppofed Continent., Vlyjfes kd His quidcm UlylTes imperabat Jovi confilio par. j^, coitrfel lik£ to Jove. Homer. Iliad. 2. between this and the mouth of the Gulph o^Lepanto ( once named the Gulph of Co- rinth) lie certain little Iflands, or rather great Rocks, now called Curzolarl , hereto- fore Echinadej : made famous by that memorable Sea-battcl there obtained againft the lurk^ by Don John oiAujhia, in the year 1 571. and fung by a crowned Mufe. We failed dole by CephiUnia-, retaining that ancient name ofCephalui, tlie Son of VeioncUfy who banilhcd ^<)[?£«x for the unfortunate flaughter of Proem , repaired to Ihebes , and accompany mg Amphitryo in his Wars , made his abode in thij llland j ""which was called formerly leUboas and Melena. It is triangular in form , and 160 miles in circumference : the Mountains intermixed with profitable Vallies, and the Woods with Champain. Unwatered with Rivers i and poor in Fountains, but a- boundihg with Wheat, Honey, Currans, Manna , Cheefe, Wool, Turkies , excellent Oyl, incomparable (though not long lafting) Mufcadines, and P»wdcr forthe dying ofScarlet. This grows like a bliftcr on the leaf of the holy Oak a little fhrub , yet producing Acorns, being gathered, they rub out of it a certain red duft, that convert- eth after a while into worms, which they kill with VVine, when they begin to quicken. Amongft her many Harbours, ^rgo/fo/i is the principal^capacious enough for a Navy. The Inhabitants of this Ifland are Grtdaw/, and Venttiins their Soveraigns. Having part through the Straights that dividethis Ifland from the next ( vulgarly called Ca- n.fle del Zj»tJ on the lecond o( September we entred the H^en oiZaciiitbuf, and fa- luted the Caltlc with our Ordnance. This Ifland r 900 miles diflant from Fe«icf J fo called of Z:JciM*^«* the Son ofDar- daniK^ind at this day Zj;«, containeth in circuitJiot palt 60 miles. On the South and South-Eafl fides rocky and mountainous, but plain in the midft, and unfpeakabl^ fruitful, producing the bell Oyl of the World, and excellent llrong Whies, both white and red, which they call RiboUa. But the chief Riches thereof confilleth in Currans, which draweth hither much Traffick (efpecially from England and Holland ; for here they know not what to do with them) inlomuch that whereas before they were fcarce able to free themfelvcs from importunate famine, they now (belTdes their private get- tings, amounting to 1 50000 Zecchins ) do yearly pay unto St. Ma'rk^ 4^00 Dollars for Culloms and other Duties. It is impoflible that lb little a portion of Earth , fo jmploycd, (hould be more beneficial i that mguntainous part bf iug barren , and the reft compriied within two or three not very ample Vallies, but thofe all over-husband- ed like an entire Garden. They fow little Corn, as imploying their grounds to better advantages, for which they tometimes fufft*, being ready to llarve, when the v^eathet coutinueth for a feafon tctTipelluous,and that they cannot fetch their provifion, which they have as well of Hefli as of Corn , from Mm-^, being ten leagues dillant. They have Salt-pits of their own, and llore of frcfh water, but little qj no wood , though celebrated lor the abundance thereof, by^ower and Virgil. Of which, his ^hcj* r together with the Iflands before mentioned. IToody rh i LIB. I- Zicinthiis. 5 i Woody Zicirtthu, Ses-zlrt, we defcric, Jf "" ^^^'"^ »PP"« fi"«!^" netnorofa ZiGynthos. ; VHlichium, Sjme.Ncrim cliff hu: Etfogimus icopulos Ichac^ Lamia rcgna. ( frj/w Ithjcan rockj, Laertes land, xre Jiea, Ec terrain altriccin l*vi cxecramur Ulylfis. i Atd cufji the foil that dire VlyJJls bred. Mox & Leucat* nirabofa cacumina moniif, ' Anon the Clund topt Uucata appeared : ^^ formidatus nautis aperiiur Apollo. And high Apollo by the Jailor feared. Virg.^fi.i i- | About the Ifland there arc many Roads , but one only Harbour ("if I may fo name i itjbeing undefended trom the North-Eaft and North-Well windsjlying on the North- Eaft fide thereof, and (Opening towards A/yrt-o ; fafc, and of a convenient receipt for ^ Ships, reljpcdf we either the nunnber or burden : and much frequented from all parts i \ who here commonly touch in their going forth, and in their returns. So that you ] (hall not long ilay for a palTage, be you either bound for Venice, Conjiantinople^ tripoly, -. AlexatidriaAhc lllands of the Mid-land Sea, or divers places of the Ocean. It is here a j cullora Uridly obferved (as alio elfe where within the Straits belonging to the Chri- i llians) not to (ufter any to tralfick , or come afhore, before they have a Praiticl^^ from the Signiors of Health : which will not be granted until forty days after their arrival, ] cfpecially if the Ship come from T«)ji;it', and bring not a Certiricatc, that the place from whence they came is free from the infedion : if fo , perchance their rellraint ^ may be ftiortned : during which time they have a Guardian fet over them. They - j will not fiirter a Letter to be delivered, if fcaled with thread, before it be opened and aired. If (iich as come to fpeak with them do but touch one of the Ships , or fome- ' times but a Rope, they fliall be forced to afcend, and remain therefor the time limited, it being death to him that (hall come afliore without licence. Notwithlianding, they ' atrequelt will carry you to the Lazaretto ("which is in the nature of a Pclt-houfe3 ' there to abide until the date be expired. But if any fall fick amongft them in the ' mean-feafon, their Prattick^ is accordingly prolonged. A great inconvenience to the i Merchants, but at Venice intolerable '- where when they have a Prattick,-, they are < inforced to unlade at xht Lazaretto. So under pretence of airing, their Goods are opened i their quantity, quality and condition known i redounding much to their i detriments. But for that we came from Venice , we were freed from this miichicf , ' and ppefently fuffcred to land. j The Town taking or giving a name to the Illand , ftretcheth along between the I 'Wcft^fide of the Haven, and the foot of the Mountain i perhaps a mile in length, in breadth but narrow. The ftrcets unpaved, the building low, by reafon of the often Earthquakes whcreunto this Illand is milerably lubjcd. ' fFhett through Earth hollcrvs-, the coHeUcd wind Prasterca ventus cum per loca fubcava ttm i Ihronesfrom Come part, nor ready vent can find Colleftus parte ex una procumbit, & urget Tt a . n I. 1^1 I -J • ;. Qunixus magnis fpeluncaj rinbus altas, i The vaji caves it aQads with horrid might : ,„,u^bit tellu5,quo vcnciprona prem'tvi,. • Eartb-quakiiS percujjed men tvitb the affright. Turn fupra terram qua; funt extruda domorum, ^heH cmineiit ruinei thnfe proud jiruCiures threat Ad ccelumque magu quanto funt edita quxquc, J That moll aiire i more Cafe to be leCs great. 'j"^''"'" """" '" ""''"="' P'"^'" V^"'='"' ^ " ' ^ •' * PfOtraaa;que trabes impendent ire parat*. j LMHt, /, 6. i Two hapned during my fhort abode there, though of fmall importance. Although . the feat of the Town be exccflive hot, yet it is happily quaJihed by a North- Eafl gale '( that bloweth from Sea mod conllantly about the midll of the day. Divers of their houfcsarelhadowed with Vines that bear a certain great grape , which m regard of their (hape were called BwOTj/Jf"/ by the Grccij;//, the clultcrs being of a marvellous i greatncfs. High above the Town , on the top of a fteep round Mountain ibnds j the Caftle, which ovcr-loofeth the Sea, and commandcth the Harbour : a little City i of it leii , alcendcd unto by a diHi.uIt palTage, (Vrong, and well rtored withmuniti- j on. Here a Garrifon is kept ■■, (upplicd by the Townf men upon each fudden fum- mons. Upon the Wall a Watchman liandtth continually , todifcovei the Ih'pping ' that appruachctli : whohangs out as many Flags as he defcryeth Vcffels i f.^uare it ; Ships , if Gallits pendants. Here the Goveinour ot the Illand hath his reliJcnce , whom they call the I'rovidore, with two Configlieri,z\\ Gentlemen of Venice ftlic con- ' lent of twu prevailing againit the third J together vvith the Chancelluur ("who arc '. every tlurd year removed J with other niferiour OHiccrs, where all Ciuleb are ad- ] j.idged, both Criminal and ).i.lieia!. Over the Court of Jullice there is written this \ Dillichon : ■• -^ B I IhU I 5 Xaciiithm. LIB. I. .Hie locus odit, amat, punit, confcrvit, honorat, This place d.ith hate, love-, pioiijh-, %ip, requite-^ Ncquitiam, paccro, cnmina, jura, ^robos. VohtptuoM K/o/, Pejce, Crinhs^Lao'Jy th^uptight. The Great Turk, hath yearly a prtfcnt of Falcons from the Goveriiour ( accompani- ed, as (ome fay , vvith i ico Zccchins ) which he callcth a Tribute : it being in his power to ciillrtfs them at hisplcafure, by retraining the icliet of Victuals which ihty have from Morca, and his adjoyning Dominions. Whilit we were here, the Ca- ttjin BjJJj part by with 60 Gallics : who yearly about this time faileth in circuit, to rectiveTribute,(upprcfs Pirates, and to do fome Exploit upon the Mjltefes , Span't' ■ ards., and Florenthus-, with whom they are only in Holhlity. Divers of their Gallies putting into the Haven , were courteoully entertained ; for the Venetian] endeavour, as much as in them lies , to keep good quarters with the Inrk^ i not only for the rea- ibn.aforelaid (which perhaps might intend as far as their City; their Territories, though large and fruitful , too narrow to fultain fo populous a State , if unrelieved from T«)-/^V,and that their piflage into the Mid-land Sea were interrupted j nor for the lo(s thcry Hiould fultain by the cefiation ofTraffick with ihthhhometans-i but - ^""^ knowing him by dear experience too powerful an Advtrlary for them by Land, and though fhty are perhaps ftrong enough by Sea , yet, fhould chey lofe a Navy, their lofs were unrecoverable , whereas the T«ri^ within the fpaceof a year is able to fet forth another. The Inhabitants of this Land are in general, Gr^cij«j (of whom we will fptak no more than concerns the particular cuAoms of the place > refcrviug the relt to our relation of that people) m habit they imitate the Italians-, but tranlcend them in their revenges, and intinitely lefs civil. They will threaten to kill a Merchant that will not buy their Com.modities ; and make more confcience to breaK a Fall , than com- mit a Murther. One of them at our being here, purlued a poor Sailer ( an Englijh' man) for offering but to carry a little Bag of Currans aboard uncuftomed , and Kil- led him running up a pair of ftairs for fuccour. He is weary of his life that hatha difference with any of them, and will walk abroad after day-light. But cowardize is joyned with their cruely, who dare do nothing, but fuddenly upon advantages , and are ever privately armed. Encouraged to villanics by the remifnels of their Laws i for none will lay hands upon an offender , until fourteen days after that he be called to the Scale (an eminent place where one doth fiand and publickly cite the offender^ who in the mean tiine hath leiliire to make bis own peace , or elle to abfent himfelf. If then he appear not , they banifli him , and propound a reward according to tljie gteatnefs of the offence , to him that fliall either kill or take him alive ; and if it be done by one that isbaniflied,hisownbani(hment (the leaft reward; is releaicd. The Labourers do go into the fields with Swords and Parti2ans,as it in an Enemies Coun- try, bringing home their Wines and Oyls in Hogs-skins , the infides turn'd outward. It is a cultom amonglf them to invite, certain men unto their Marriages , whom they call Compeers. Every one of thefc do bellow a Ring, which the Prieft doth put upon the Bride and Bridegrooms Hngers, interchangeably Shifting them i and fo he doth the Garland:; ot their heads. Of thefe they are never jealous ( an abufe in that kind reputed as detelhble a crime , as if committed by a natural Brother) fo that they lightly chufe thofe for their Compeers, that have been foimerly lufp. died too familiar. The Bridegroom entring the Church, llickshis Daggcrin thcd -or , htld available againli Inchantment. For here it is a common pradfice to bewitch them : made thereby impotent with their Wives, until the Charm be burnt, orothcrwife confumed : infomucfi that oftentimes (as they fay) the Mothers of the betrothed , by way of prevention do bewiteh themfelves , and again unloolc them as f on as the Marriage is confummatcd. A pradtice whereot former times have been guilty : fome manner perhaps delivered by Virgil in thefe Verfes. Nefte tribuj nodis ternos Amarylli colores, Jhree k*iots kiiit on three threds of different dye, Ncfte Amaryllimodo.gc Veneri5,dic,7incula,nefto. rj ,1 a 11 1 r t t i t ixcncnMi«7^^^^^^ . Hajie Aa\dityU,and fuy, Lovesbondjitye. And in another following, the Inchantrefs having made two images of her Belo- ved, the one of Clay, the other of Wax. and throwing them into the tire, faith ; I L I B. I. Zacirnhm. As hit clay, and tin tpjX-, the fire the fimc Undent-, and melts ■, fihci in our loves flame. Limus Dthicdurefcir, &liicut c«ri /I'quefcit, Uno eodemque igni ; fic noftro Daphnis amorc. Idem. The Nuptial fliccts (as in fomecafcs commanded by the M^/iic-j/ Law ) arc pub- lickly fliown, and prelcrved by their prclcnts as a ttlumony of rhtir uncorrupttd Virginities. There be here two BiOiops : one of the Greeks-, and another of the Latinci. The Gretrj^j have di vets Churches, the principal that of Sz.Nicholat (which givcth to the Haven a name, and not far removed; with a Monalkry oiColieros i for To are their. Monks called. On the other fide of the Haibour , upon the top of the Promontory they have another far Icfs, with a Chappel dedicated to the Virgin A/jry , called M.t- donna del Scopo, reputed an Effc prithln the great Infular in lonio magno, quos dira Cclano, j^^-^^ g^^ . ^y^ j-^^ CeUnoj fat, Harpy;tqiicco!iint a'llaf, I'hincia poltquam i»/7,.v/, >/' ./. u ,, .■ r. .u ^ i 'r>/ ClauLomus.mcnfalque mctu liquer. pnore;. Yl''<^'' th otlnr Harpya . fwcc that cbac d theymrc Triflius haud lilis montiriim , ncc favior ulia t rom Phinats bouf; and Ujt hn board for far. Pcftcs, & ira Deiitn Stygiis fcfe f stulit undls. More hjrrid »ionjiers-, ni Vrrginei volucrum vultus, fcedinima veneris q^ ^^^^f^ of Gods, from Stygian flood tre rofe. C.^fame ^'^"' "'""'' ^ ' ^'^' f'"''' »''''' ^''&''" ^'^"' P"'&'"^ '^'^ Virg. /S/i /. J. Ibcir flthy patichcs : arnt'd rvith talons itij A>td ever pale with famine. This Thiiiens was King of Arcadia, who bereft his Sons of thcireyes by the inftigation of their Ikp-moLhcr : for which offence the offended gods (as the liory goesj depri- ved him ot his, and fcnt thele ravenous Harpycs to afflid him. But the Argonauts being by him courteoufly entertained, fent Zetes and Cala'n, the winged iffut oiBorcat and Oritbia, to chafe them away. Who purfuing them to thefe Iflands, were command- ed by Irii to <.\dd\ from doing further violence to the Dogs ot Jupiter ; of whole re- turn the Iflands were fo namcd.And what were the/ef/^r/jcx, but flatterers, delators, and the inexpleably covetous ? who abufe, devour, and pollute the fame of milerable Princes, blinded in the underlhnding. Zetes zr\A Calais , are iaid to have wings by (omc, in regard of the failiion of their garments , by others, for their long and beau- tiful hair. But I rather think, for their wholefom advice, and expedite execution in freeing the State of thofeMonfters, called the Dogs of Jw/'j/tr i that is, infernal Fu- ries, and Minifters of his Vengeance. Alphonfm Kmg ot Naples, was wont to lay mer- rily, that the Harpycs had let the Strophades to inhabit Kome : intimating thereby the avarice of the Clergy. Thefe Rocks are at this day called the Strivaly : where only live a few Gree/;, Co/ifrji,that receive their fuftcnance of alms trom the neighbouring Illands. There is in one a Spring of frefh water , fuppofed to have his original in TeliipoHefns, and fo to pals under the Sea : in regard of a certain Tree over-fliddowing a little Lake ; the leaves thereof for like unto thofej being often found in this Foun- tain, there growing none of that kind in the Illand. We thrull between Cape A/j/io and Ceri^o, about five miles dilhnt : once called Torphyrii of his excellent Porphyr ; but better known by the name of Cythera- An Ifland confecrated unto Venm. In the Town, riling two furlongs up unto the Havtii, Hood her celebrated TeiTipIe(the moft ancient that the Grecians had of thatGoddefsJ and therein her Statue in compleat Armour. Out of this it is laid, that Tarii made a Kapc oi' Helena, or rather here firft enjoyed her in his return froin Sparta. Tiie rLiines are now to be lien, together with that oiVraniof. The Ifland is lixty miles in com- pals : it hath divcis Harbours V but thofe Imall and unfafe. And delightful foil : In- habited by Grecians, and fubjedl to the Venetians. This is the hrli of the JEgean Sea : the largell arm of the Mediterraneum, extending toihcHellejf>o:n , and dividing Gra'cc from the kffcr Aft a. So called of ./tgcw , the Father oilbej'ciif: who going to combate the Mi«9»d«re,was charged to turn the black Sails ofhisSiiip into white, if he returned with VidVory. Which forgetting to do, jilgcw thinking him flai'n, leapt into the Sea, from a Promontory where he cXpedted his arrival. But P/i/y laith, that it took that name of an Ifland , or rather a Fvock, which lies between Chios and Tenedos : called ^x, in that formed like a Goat, now about to •^kip into the Surges : Strabo of JEgu a City of Euboa, or of Jtga a Promon- tory of Sjejtia,T\ow vulgarly called the Arches. A Sea dangerous and troublefom to fail through, in regard of the multitude of Rocks and Iflands, every where difperfed. Infomueh, that a man is proverbially laid to lail in the Aegean Sea, that is, incumbrcd with difficulties. The Iflands of this Sea were anciently divided into the Sporades and Cxclades. The Sporades are thofe that lie fcattered Before Crete , and along the Coalt'ofi^)/j : the C)'c/j^fX,fo called, in that they lie in a Circle. Amongfl the reft of the lafl named, we failed by Z)f/tf/ (now Viles) hem'd with (harp Rocks: even from the Reign of 5rf;»r« of fpecial veneration. Ouce a rioting : Ifland. trhicb L [ B. I. Delos. Chios. p fFhich kind Jove CP'f'^"^ '•' -""^ /"'"O '^^^ f'^ ^*^ P'"' Arcirenens, ors? fe littora circum n Gyif.'S and bigh-brow'H Myconie ■ {•-'""t^"' M)c;'"f «1U Giaroq»e rcvinx.t •, ,, ^' ^ "^ , , ,, .-' J , j; linmotamqicolidcdnj&conteaincre vcnco. tor ciiiuircpxt i aitii bold xvinas to aepe. y,fg^ ^„ /_ -_ For the Fable goes , that when all the Earth at the intreaty oijmo , had abjured the Receipt ot Latonj, Velas at the lame time under the water was crtfted aloft, and by JitfitiT fixed to enteitain her i then nanitd Pt/oi, which iignihcs apparent. W«r/e ofLUoni's brood : n-hom Jove wblk-ert Latom partus nutrix, quatn jupicer olim fj-2r -r-,. »,„ _ Inmaris/Eganfmcrejultitaquis. ^adin JF^cuH fHTga to appear. ^^ ^^^^ f^,f^^^ ^^^^ ^^^^^^ ^^^^^.^^ ^ ^^^^ J bold ihce happy »« Apoho J birth : ^ Soljm ^^ patriam clara Diana vocat. And that Diana calls thee her otvn earth. ' Alfhem. But the truth is : it was faid to be unliable , in that miferably fhaken with Earth- quakes, until treed thereof by a Petition made io Apollo : who cnjoyning certain Sa- cririces, commanded, that thenceforth they (hould neither bury their dead there , nor fulfcra Dog to enter the Illand ; ( fo that theDt/ijwj Iiad their interments in Kheua, a little defart Illand four furlongs dillantj and called Delos i for that where in other places his Oracles were oblcure and ambiguous , they here were manifclf and certain. On a Plain within the environing Px.ocks, llnod the City, fo honoured for the Teirtplcs o( Apollo and Latona , under the Mountain Cynthui : ot which Apollo was called C."y«- thiuf and Diana Cynthia : as Dcliits and Delia of the Illand, made more famous by the neighbouring CycWij , that like a Ring did environ it : and yearly fcnt multitudes of men, and Troops of Virgins to ctlebrate his Solemnities with herds of SacririceSi. as thus in reputation, fo increaft in wealth through the fubverfion of Corinth by the Ko~ mans. The Merchants removing hither , invited by the immunities of the Temple and conveniency of tiic place , it lying in the paffage between Greece and Afta , and frequented by to great a concourle of people. Upon the re-edifying of Cor/«/^, it was held by the Athenians , and flouriflied both in her Rites and Tralfick, until laid wafle by Mithridates. From that time continuing poor, and when Oracles ceafcd, utterly forfaken. Which doubtiefs was upon the pal- fion of our Saviour. I'oi Plutarch reports from the mouth ot ooc Epitherfes ■, who had been his School- mailer, that he imbarking for Jjij/y , and one evening becalmed before the Paxe (two little iflands that lie between Corcyra and Lcucadia ) they iud> dcnly heard a voice from the fhore (moll of the Pafl'engers being yet awake ) calling to one Ihamus a Pilot, by birth an Egyptian, who till the third call would not anfwtr. T^ew (quoth the voice) when thnit art come to the Palodes , proclaim it aloud, that the great Pan ii dead. ^11 in the Ship that heard this , were amazed. When drawing near to theaforefaid place, 7/; jwk/ Handing on the poupe C)f the Ship, did utter what Ibrmcrly commanded > forthwith there was heard a great lamentation, accompanied with groans and skseeches. This coming to the knowledge ot Tiberius CteJ'ir ■, he fent for T/jjjMw/ , who avouched the truth thereof. Which declared the death of Chrill (the great Shepherd) and fiibjedion of Satan, who now had no longer power to abufcthe illuminated World with his impoliures. The mines of y^pw/Zo's Temple are here yet to be teen, afibrding fair Pillars of Marble to fuch as will fetch them, and other (tones of price , bothiii their nature and for their workmanlliip i the whole Illand being now un-inhabited. Three days after our imbarkment (as quick a palTage as everwashcard of) we arrived at Sio, a famous Illand formerly aWcd Chios, which lignirieth white, of Chiotte a Nymph, —Jfho rich in beautv — ; — 1"* ditiflfima form* ^ .1 r J r ■. J/ ■> J N3i cprocis placuit A thoufand jmtert fleas d-~ X,^ ^,^ ,_ ^^ and therefore fo named. Others fay of the Snow, that fomctimes covers thofc Moun- tains. Sixlcoreand livL miles it containeth in circuit , extending from South unto North ; the North and Well quarters extraordinary hilly. In the midll ot the Illand is the Mountain Arvii (now Amifia) producing the bell Creek, Wine', (b prifeJ by the ancient. ■ ^ V I o Chios. LIB r. Et mnlto in primis hilarans convi»ia Baccho, FleafiHt tvitb pUnteoiK Bjcclm, when rve feajl A m. focum fi frigns cr it ; h mdljs in umbra ; j ,,^, r -^^^i^ . ■„ jf^ ^ -^ , ^^/^^j , Vina novum lundain caljthisArTifianeaar. /_ f './, ■ , . -r Jt « ^ii F/rg. £c/9£. 5. •* B'"v»'f »"'' »'"» Arvifian NiUir jiU-, Bur t! e LattUk^ Tree, which is well-nigh only proper to Sio , doth give it the great- cf; ri novvn and endowment. They grow at the South-end of the llland, and on the Icillirtly alctnding Hills that neighbour the fliore. In height not much exceeding a man, leafed like a CerviLC,and bearing a red berry , but changing into black as it ripentth. Of this Tree thus wiiteth an old Poet > Ijm vcro lempcr viridis, femperque gravata 'Xhc LentUk^ ever gree/i-, and ever great, Lcnti(cus, triplici folica e(l grandefccrc foetu : ^^^^,;^ grateful fntit, three diffimlt forts doth bejr, Tcr fruecs "undcns> tria ttmpora monlliatarandi. ^, S ,1 ■ u ■ 1 ■ 1 ,1 ■ Ck. de Divm ix vet. Poet. ^'-""^ barvejis yields, u tbnce dreji in one year. And that with no lefs diligence than Vines i otherwife they will aribrd but a little Of eq«al MalVich, which yearly yields to the Inhabitants eighteen thoufand Sultanies. In the xaluervtth beginning of /i«g«/f lanch they the rind , fiom whence the Maiiich dilHIleth, until a Venice j[,^. ^,,j oi Seytcmber,u which time they gather it. None (ulfered to come amongft them during the interim-, it being death to have but a pound of new Maftich found in their l-.oufes. The Wood thereof is excellent for Tooth-piciis, fo commended of old ; Lentlfcum tndins-, fed fi tibi frondea cufpis ' Lent'nk^ excels : if Tooth- fickj of the Lemisk^ Dcfucrit denies penna Icvarc potcft. g, wanting-, of a ^iU then make a Tooth Pick, By reafon of ihefe Trees they have the beft Honey of the World , which intermingled with water, is not much inferiour in relifti to the coftly Sherbets of ConllantiHofle : The Illand produceth Corn and Oyl in indifferent plenty. Some Silk they make, and fomc Cottons here grow , but (hort in worth unto thofe of Smyrna. It hath alfo Qiianies of excellent Marble : and a certain green Earth, like the ruft of Brafs, which the Turks call Terra Chia , but not that (b reputed of by the ancient Phyficians. The Coad, ctpecidily towards the South , is fet with fmall Watch-towers , which with fhioke by day, and lire by night, do give knowledge unto one another (and fo to the Up- land j of iufpedted enemies. The environing Sea being free from concealed Rocks, and confequuitiy from peril. On the Eaft-iide of the Illand , four leagues diftant from the Main oiAfia , from that part which was formerly called Ionia-, Hands the City ot Sio : having a Iccurc Ha- ven (though daily decaying) yet with fomething a dangerous entrance , llraightned on the North fide by the Sea-ruined Wall of the Mole, incroaching near the Via' »j(/«^, which ftands on the other fide of the mouth , (ib called of the fliape , riling outot the Sea, and fupportinga L3nthorn,ere(3:.d by the GtMWf/t/ ) infomuch that Ships ot the greatelffize do anchor in the Chanel : but ours thrull in , when going afliorc, I was friendly entertained of the Englijh Conlul. The Town ftretcheth along the bottom of the Haven : back'd on the Welt with a rocky Mountain : the building mean, the lireets no larger than Allies. Upon the Callle-hill there is a Bannia , which little declines from the Hate of a Temple i paved with fair Tables of Marble, and fupported with Columns , containing levcrai Rooms, one hotter than another, with Conduits of hot Water, and natural Fountains. On the North fide of the City ftands the Caltle ample double walled, and environed with a deep Ditch : manned and in- habited by Twriy, and well llored with munition. This not many years fince was liiddenly Icaled in a night by tJ.e Flerentines : who choaking the Artillery , and dri- ving the Turks into a corner, were now almolt Mailers thereof: when a violent rtorm of wind, or rather of fear, enforced their Companions to Sea , and them to a compolitioni which was, to depart with Enligns difplayed. But the Govcrnour having gotten them into his power, caufcd their heads to be llruck otf; and to be piled 111 Mortar on the Caille-walli whereas yet they remain, but not un-rcvenged. For the Captain Bajfa upon his coming llrangled the perfidious Governour : either for diflionouring the iKrl;, in his breach ofpromife, or for his negligence in being fo furprilcd. Since when , a Watch-word every minute of the night goeth about the Walls , to telHhe their vigilancy. Their Orchards are here enriched with excellent fruits : among the rell, with Orai:ges, Lemon?, Citrons, Pomegranates, and tigs , (o tiTueh-elitrei'iKd by the Romanes for their tartnelj. "'^ The 1 ▼ LIB. I. Chios, Smyrna. li ; rhe Chan figs, which Sctia to mcfait j^^^ ^^^^^ ^^^^^ ^^^^^^^^^ ^^,^^^ ! Tafie like old rciiie : they mine jndjjltprefent. ^„t. 1. 1 j. Epig. aj. j Upon thcfc Fig-trees there hangs a kind of unQvoury fig ; out of whofe corruption certain fmall worms are ingciidred, which by biting tlic other (as they fayj procure them to ripen. Partridges here are an ordinary food, whereof they have an incredi- ) ble number, greater than ours, and dirtering in hew : the beak and feet red, the Plume | a(h-colour. . Many of them arc kept tame, thefc feeding abroad all day, at night upon j a call return unto their feveral owners. I The Chiots were firft a free people , being a Common-wealth of themftlvts , and I maintaining a Navy of fourfcore Ships(not dellitute of diverlity of HarborsJ where- ' by they became the Lords of the Seas. Their City is one of thofe that contended for \ the birth ot Homer ( ftamping his figure on their Coin ) although not mentioned in j that Diflichon. j Seven Cities flrivefor Homers birth., Smyrna, Chios, Septetn llrbes certant de ftirpe infignis Homeri. Tihodes, Colophon, Salam'a, Athens, and Argos. Syrmna, Rhodes, Colophon.Salamis, Chios, Ar- ! '■ ° gos, Athena?. | They alCo boaft of his Sepulchre about the Phan£an Promontoryinot far from whence, j jn a Grove of Palmes Hood the Temple ot Apollo.They at this day fhew a place not pad ; a quarter of a mile from the Town, not far from the Sea , now by the Iflanders called i Erithrea, (I know not upon what ground ) where they fay , that Sybil prophefied. | The Rock there rifeth aloft, afccnded by flairs on the Wclt-iide, cut plain on the top, ' and hallowed with benches about, like the feats of a Theatre. In themidft a ruined { Chair, fupportcd with defaced Lyons, all of the fame Hone, which yet declares the | skillof the Workman. Here, they fay, ihc fate, and gave Oracles. But the relique in ' my conceit doth di(prove the report. For there are the fhape of Legs annexed to the ' Chair: the remains of fomc Image, perhaps ereded in her honour , though I never ' read of a Cbian Sybil,nor o( m Erithrea in this Illandiyet Hood there aTown (b named • on the oppoiite fliore i why rather not (bme Idol of the Pagans .<' In times paH thay '■ were for the moft part fcrved by Slaves. Infoniuch that when Philip the Son oiVeme- ' iri 1 hundred Afpers , but the Husbandmen arc exenipted until Marriage. The Inhabi- ammm to tantsfor the moll part are Turkj indGrecians ; thofe living in command, and loolly, aSuhaniii | the other husbanding the Earth, and exceeding them infinitely in number. They are in a manner releafed of their thraldom, in that unfenfible ot it : well meriting the j name ofnierryCi-iri^x, when their Icifure will tolerate. Never Sunday, or Holy-day palfeS without fome publiek meeting, or other-wherc intermixed with Women, they j dance out the day, and with fullcrown''d cups enlengthen their jollity : not feldoni pafling into 4'Jj and the adioyninglllands, untoluch Alfemblies. The llreets do al- 'I moll all the night long partake ot their Mufiek. And whereas thole ot Z mt do go ar- \ med into the field to bring home their Vintage, tiicfe bring home theirs with Songs - and 1 3 SMyrua. Lesbos. L I B. I. and Rcjoycings. Moft differ but little from the Gcnouft in habit, of whom there arc; many ; and though they have corrupted one anothcrs language, yet retain they their Religion diftindtly. The Women celebrated of old for their beauties , yet cany that . fame : I will not f^y undelervcdly. They have their head tiickt with Talfels and Flowers. The bodies of their Gowns exceed not their Aim-pits .• from whence the skirts flow looily, fringed below i the upper fliorter than the ncareri of Damasks orStufls lefs coltly , according to their condition. The Merchants pay here for cuftom but three in the hundred i and in their return but one and an half, if they have paid cullom at Cnnjhminople- Smyt-itd is not far diltant from C/jioj: but by reafon of the doubling of a certain Cape which firetchcth to the North , requiring two contrary winds , it is by Sea a longer and more troublefom journey. The Bay doth take the name of the City ■, at the end whereof it is fcated. Overthrown by the Ly^/ij^x , re-edified hy Antigoiiuf, and after by Lyfmachus- The moft beautiful part thereof pofr.ired the Hill -• but the greater the Plain , adjacent to the Sea. Amongft other goodly Temples they had one Lonfccratcd to Homcr,{iot the Smymians will have him a Citizen of theirsj contain- ing his honourable Image. For lels beholding was he to Pythagoras, who reports that he faw him hanging in Hell, for (o fabling of the gods. A City not fo reputable for hct Schools of Learning and admirable Library, as in the title of one of the Primitive Churches of ^jii^. But now violated by the Mahometans , her beauty is turned to de« formity, her knowledge into barbarifm, her Pveligion into impiety. Frequented not- withflanding it is by foreign Merchants : Natalia affording great ftore of Chamolets and Grogerams, made about Angra-, and a part brought hither , before fuch time as the Goats (whofe hair they pull, white, long, and fbft; weredeftroyed by the late Re- bels, confilling for the moll part of the expulfed Inhabitants of burned Towns i who having loft all that they had , knew not better how to recover th.ir loffes , than by preying upon others, and fo joyned with their undoers. Led by Calender Ogly and Zid Arab i and grown to fo fearful a head, that the Great Turk, (fome (ay^ had once a thought to have forfaken the Imperial City, they being fifty thoufand, and deftitute of Artillery. After foiled hyMorat Bajfa the great Vifier, who for that fervice ( but chiefly for the overthrow of JambalUt the Baffa of Aleppo , and natural Lord of the rich Valley oi Achilles) was called by him his Father and Deliverer. They bellegcd this City, and were by certain Engliflj Ships, that lay in the Road, uufviendly (alutcd. In the end they burnt a part thereof, and took a ranfom for fparing the reft. But the principal Commodity of Sywwj is Cotten-wool , which there groweth in great quantity. With the feeds thereof they do fow their field as we ours with Corn. The ftalk no bigger than that of Wheat , but rough as the Beans : the head round and bearded, iu lize and ftiape of a Medlar , hard as a ftone , which ripening breaks, and is delivered of a white foft BombafJ intermixed with feeds , which they fcparate with an inftrument. You would think it ftrange , that (b fmall a fhell fliould con- tain fuch a quantity j but admire, if you faw them ftive it in their Ships , enforcing a Sack as big as a Wool-pack into a room at the hrft too narrow for your arm , when extended by their inftruments i fo that often they make the very Decks to ftrdtch therewith. Our Ship (ere to depart from T'ripolif) being bound for this place, where her bufi- ncfs would detain her for fome fifteen days, my defire laid hold on the interim ( in- formed, that although I came ftiort of this pafTage, 1 fliould light upon another not long after) to fee the City of Conftantimplc. Taking with me zGrcek^ that could fpeak a little broken Englijh, for my Interpreter , on the twentieth of November I did putmyfelfintoa Bark,^rwj»«/oof5iwo, a little Iftand hard by the K/Wt'j( the Patron a Grei-/^, as the reft) being laden with Sponges. That night we came to an Anchor under the South-Weft fide o( Mitytett. This Illand, not paft (even miles diftant frorn the Continent of Phrygij^ containetli eiglnfcorc and eight miles in circuit. The South and Weft parts mountainous and barren, the reft level and fruitful, producing excellent Corn, Ec Lcsbia farina, nive candidior. fhrat^ j^J Lesbian flour, more white thinfnjtv. Cwhcreof the Ittrhj make their Trachana and Bouhort , a certain hodgepodge of fun- dry ingred ients) and \Vines, compared by Athenxm and Ambrofia, of principal requeft . at Conlianti Hoplc, yet not fo lieady as t he o idinary. Here LIB. I. H.rc unrlcrttcjth f»nefl)jdy vine i full cup of hurtlcfs Lesbian rcine Will Tve qujff freely: mryetJfjjU Thyonian Liber with Mars braipl' Lesbos. »5 Hie innoccntis pocula Lesbii Duels (ub umbras, nee Scmel ejui^ Cum Marte confundct Thyoneui rr-clja. Hor.l. 3. Ode 17. A vtrrue feigned to have been given it by Ejcclm. Thcjetvs have taught them how to help the co'.uur (otitlelf but pallid) with Berries of Et^.v/t/w. Sheep and Cattel arc here bred and fuftained in great plenty : Horfes, although low of Ihtiire, yet (irong and aKua^ious. This Country washrlt inhabited by the P<.7.i/^/.;>;/ under thecondudl oiZ iiith'.is the Ion ot 7riopiif-, atter that^y Macarius, who followed by certain Imiaus and people of fundry nations, here planted himfelf. Through the bounty of the foil heacquir.d much riches : and by his )allicc and humanity the Empcry of thencigh- Iwuring IlUnds. Then Le/fcw the fon of 5j;'i//;; Her, unto FrancifcutCatatufiuf a Genoefe, in the year 1 355'in rccoinpenfcof his valour and fervice done him in the Turkjjh wars. In whofe pollerity it long continued, they governing the fame with great julhcc : linkt in alliance with the Emperors of "Trape- zond, and other Grecian Princes. But when the '/Kri;,had polled himfclfof all the con- iining Nations, they became his tributaries : p>»yiiig tor the fame the annual fum of 4000 Ducats. Vominicus Catalufiut, having futpriled his elder brother, and delivered him to Baptilh a Genoefe, partaker of the eonfpiraey,and after iiaving murther'd him, invellcd himitlf in the foveraignty. The laft and wicked Prinze of that fainily i C for 1 4 Lesbos. LIB. I. For Ahhomet the Great, in the year 14152. iiiccnfi-d againfthim, as well for harbour- ing the Pirats oi' Italy and Spain-, who (bid to him their flaves, and gave him pait oi their booty, as for the execrable murther of his Brotlur, palling into ^^-j with not above two thou^dud Janizaries fbut tollowtd by an hundred fail of Ships &: Galiies) cime by land to Pojjidium, over againll Lal>os : whither tranfporccd he over- ran the whole Uland, and belleged the Prince in the City of Mityhn-, who after icven and twenty days fiege furrendred the fame,together with all the llrong Forts of the llland, upon condition that he Ihould give him (ome other Country cejuai unto it in value : w hereupon by folemn oath Ke obliged himfeif. But the faithLh jTwr/j polTelt of his prey, commanded the Prince to remove (.ctCunjiantiaople't puts a Itrong Garrifon into the City i and dillinguiflied the Iniiabitants according to their degrees, the better fort he leadeth away with him, giveth away thofe of the middle condition, (attei- wards lold as they do Sheep inMarkets^ and leaveth be hind the dregs of the peo- ple to their own arbitremtnt, as dangcrlefs, and unprofitable : rcferving to himlcY cii?ht hundred boys and virgins, excelling the rtl; both in birth and beauty. But dt- lerv'd vengeance would not I'o rclinquilli the trarricide i call not long alter into prifoii upon this occafion. A youth that had cfcaped out of the great Titrkj Seraglio, was by hnn entertained at Mi/j/i«, whom he had converted to the Chriliian Religion, and after noiwithllanding moA wickedly contaminated. Un- mindful ot him in this tem- peJf of calamities, he had left him behind him : when after, being prefented to the Emperour for his admirable beauty, he was known, and the Prince clapt up as his in- veigler. Now every day expcdting the Executioner, for his fafcty he abjured his Sa- viour : whereupon circumcilcd and veiled by the Great 7m)\, he was fet at liberty. Too dear a purchafc for fo fliort a breath : impriloned again (oon after, and hnally Ihangled. This llland in fuch fort liibjeded to the Jitrkjjh obedience, at this day fo continueth, inhabited for the aioii part by Grecians- All that is left of the City of AC- tylen, which delerveth obfervation, is the CalUe, exceeding ftrong, and manned by aii able Garrifon, and the Arfcnal for Gallies : whereof divers are here kept continually to fcour thefe Seas, infelled greatly by Pirats. On the one and twentieth oiSeftcmbcr the winds grew contrary : and Seas Cthough not rough; too rough to be brooked by fo fmall a VeflTel, no bigger, and like in pro- portion to a Grava-cnd TWt-hoit > yet rowing under the flicker ot the land,we eutred the Gulph of Calonm : they hoping to have found fome purchase about a Ship calt there away but a litle before, divers of them leapt into the Sea, and diving unto the bottom ftayed there fo long, as if it had been their habitable element. And without qucUionthey exceed all others in that faculty i trained thereunto from their child- hood : and he the excellenteft amongl!: them that can bell perform it : Infomuch, that although worth nothing, he fliall be proffered in marriage the bell endowed and moft beautiful virgin of their llland. For they generally get their living by thefe fponges, gathered from the tides of Rocks about the bottom of the Straights i fometimes tif- * teen fathom under water. A happy people that live according to nature , and want not much, in that they covet but little. Their apparel no other than linen breeches i over that a fmockdofe girt unto them with a towels putting on (bmetimes when they go afliore, long lleevclcfs coats of home-fpun cotten. Yet their backs need not envy their bellies : Bisket,Olives,Garlik, and Onions being their principal fuUenancc- Sometimes for change they will fcale the Rocks for Sampier, and iearch the bottom of the lefs deep Seas for a certain little rilh (if I may (b call itj fluped like a burr and named by the Jtalians-, Riceio- Their ordinary drink being water ; yet once a day they will warm their bloods with a draught of wiuc, contented as well with this, as thole that with the rarities of the earth do pamper their voracities. Dfcitc quain parvo liceac propucere vitam ; Learn rviih boiv little-, life may hefujiaind Et quantum natura pctat : non erigit sgros j„^ f,,^ ^n^l) nature reou'J. Njt leneroim mnet Nobilis ignocodiftulus Conlulc Bacchus. ,-,/- , _ ■/ / 1 1 1 ■, ,- Non auro myrrhaquc b.bunt ; fed gurgite pure Of tmkrtonn a^e avail r^berc health decUna. Vica redit fatis eft populis tluviufquc Cerefquc. J" Gold nor Myrrh drink, they : but the pure flood Lucan. I. j. Preferves them-, bread and it fnffice for food. when they will they work, and fleep when they are weary : the bank that they row upon, their couches (as ours was the poup :) hardned by ute againft heat and cold, whichday and night interchangeably intlideth. So chearful in poverty, that they will dance whilell their legs will bear them, and ling (ill they grow hoaifc : fecured from the careS and fears that accompany licius. LIB. I. Lesbos. 1 5 fjfe condition of mean cflate ! a good O vkz tuta ficulcas Givex h tbt Gods, tuyct not nndtrftood. f "P,"i'' ^"g"«;q"<; '"is '■ O """"a nondum -' -^ Inteilcaa Deum ! lucan.t.^. Upon the two and twentieth of September, the winds continuing contrary, we but a ( little flioitned our journey, dcfcrying a fmall Sail that made towards us, and think- I ing them to be Pirates, we rowed back by the fliore with all polTible fpced. In tlic 'ii evening we returned to the place that we fled from i when going a-fhore, one attired J like a woman, lay groveling on thefand, whilft the red skipt about him in a ring, V muttering certain words, which they would make me believe were prevalent charms i to alter the weather to their purpofe. On the three and twentieth we continued wea- j ther-bound, removing atter it grew dark to another anchorage i a cullom they held, 'j lelt obfervcd by day from Sea or (hore, they might by night be furpri2ed. We lay iil j a little Bay, and under a clift, where not one of us but had his llcep interrupted by ; fearful dreams, he that watched affirming that he had {een the Devil, fo that in a great difmay we put from (hore about mid-night : But whether it proceeded from the nature of the vaporous place, or that infelkd by fome fpirit, I leave to decide. It ,1 is reported of a little rocky Illand hard by, named formerly Ax, and facred unto i" Neftune (whereof we have fpoken fomething already) that none could fleep upon it for being dilturbed with apparitions. On the four and twentieth the Sea grew calm, and we proceeded on our voyage; towards evening we went afhore on the firm oiAfta for frelh water, and came that night unio Tenedos. t In fight of Troy, an Ifle ofrvealtb and fume E*^ 'i confpf ftu Tencdos notifTima fama mUeii Priam in thlsjiate abode : {'}^"^'> 'J'*'" ^P*""' Pf •'>•"' ^^^ ""'ena ma -.T L . P ■ r ci -^ r-.tir. j Nunc tantum finus, & ftatio malcfida cari Now but a Bay 5 fur Ships afaitblefs road. j/,,.- ^J_ y 2^ And fo it is at this day : to which adjoineth the Town fo named, with a Caftle of no great importance. This Illand containeth in circuit not above ten miles, removed but tivc from the Sigean (hore i rifmg into a round Mountain towards the North, the reft level, and producing exceeding (Irong wines, which declare the Inhabitants to be Grecians. Firfl, it was called Lencophryn, then Jenedos, oiTena the fon oiCycmn, who leigncd in Colone a City of Troas. It is faid, that accufed by his ftep-mothcr (in re- venge of her repulfes; for proffering that which (he incefiuouily fought, his father put him into a Cheft, and threw him into the Sea : being born by a tempeft unto this Illand, and fo admirably delivered i where from that time forward he reigned. And becaufe a Mufician was of the confpiracy with his mother, he made a Law, that no Mufician (hould enter the Temple which he had built, and confecrated to Apollo Smin- theuf then Protestor of this Illand, as appearcth by the invocation oi'Chryfes. Smintheus, thou that bear''jl the fiver bow i Audi me argenteum habeni arcum qui Chryfen That Chryfa gturd)}, tvith Cilia mojl divine, ^. ""'*''1"« '""'='. . ^«JTenedos, to my dire curfe inclin,. ^l^'^'^^, "''^' '*'""''"• T«""'°'l«= f°""" Smincheu Hom.Il.l.i, But certain it is, that T'twx came hither, and peopled it, being defolatc before. In the wars of 7roy he was llain by Achilles- And for that he was 3 )ull Prince, full of worth and magnanimity, they honoured him after his death with his facrifices and a Teraplci wherein it was not lawful fo much as to mention ^c/;i//t/. With the morning they renewed their labour, rowing along the chalky fliore of the IcfTer Phrygia. Now againft Cape Janizary (defirous to fee thofe celebrated fields where once Itood Ilium the glory oi Afia, that hath afforded to rareff wits fo plenti- ful an argument) with much importunity and promife of reward) it beingainatter of danger) I got them to ftt mcafhore. When accompanied with two or three of them, we afccndcd the not high Promontory, level above, and crown'd with a rui- nous City, whofe imperfcdf: walls do ffiew to the Sea their antiquity. Within are more fpacious Vaults, and ample Ciffcrns for the receipt of water. The foundation hereof fhould fecm to have been laid by Conjiantine the Great, who intending to remove the feat of his Empire, began here to build: which upon a newrefolution iKjeredled at Byzantium. This is that famous Promontory of Sigtum honoured with the Sepulchre of JJ}ilIes,wh\ch Alexander (vilitingit in his ^Ji^m expedition) covered withffowcrs, and ran naked about it, as then the cuflom was in Funerals ; facrificing to the Ghoff C 2 of i6 Troy. LIB. I. of his kinfman, whom he reputed moft happy, that had fuch a Trumpet as Homer to re- found his vertucs. , - , u r • x l .t, ThcHrll that reigned in this Country was Tiwcr i begot fas they teign) by the River Scarmnda on the Nymph Icka. Him fucceedcd Vardatm the ion of Jufitery and Eluira the daughter ofAtlof, and wife to Corim King of Hetmriai who Hymg Italy tor the death of his brother 7dj^;4,hra planted in Samothr act j,znd afterward re- moving hither, cfpoufed Batej the daughter of Teucer, and in her right poffeffcd this Kingdom. VVhofe off-fpring is thus related by Alrnat. Dirdanum quidem primum genuit nub! cogus Jupiter, Cloud chafing ]ove did Dardanus begety Condiditqi Dardaniam. Quoniam nondum Ilium facrum jf/jj^ ^„j/, Dardania ; facred Ilium yet In campo condinim erat oppidum diverfarum hnguarum ho- , , ^ p^ . ,^ j ^ ^^^ Sed adhuc loca fub montana habitabant fontof* Id*. CtniD". ^^ ^h/r,-.^* ........ . .U.A'lilJ.^ ./,, Dardanui vero gcruit Enahomum Rcgem. Qui cum diiiflimus erat mortalium omnium. Troem autcm Erifthonius Trojanis Regem. Ex Troe vero tres filii inculpati nati lunt, Ilufque, Affaracurque, & divinus Ganymedes, Qui fane pulchernmus fuit mortalium hommurn. Iliis vero genuit filium prseclarum Laomedonta. Laomedon vero Tthonum genuit Priamumque Lampumqi Clitiumq-, Hicetaonemqj ramum Martis. Affiracus autcm Capym genuit : hie Anchifem genuit filiutu, Scd mc Anchifes. Horn. II. I. :o. Of different tongues ; they populated then the foot of fount'fuU Ida. Jo vcsyow begtt King Eridlhonius, richer liv'd there not. Rich Eridhonius, Tros the Trojan King. From Tros three un-impeached fans did Ilus, Aflaricus, divine Ganymed, (fpriitg. Ihe faireft youth that ever mortal bred, Ilus begot far- fjm'dLjomtdon, He Tithon, Piiam, brave Hicetaon, Lampus, and Clitius. Great Aflaracui Cot Carysj he Anchiles, and be-, m. I/w was the hrft that after the Flood adventured to inhabit the Plains. For before men dwelt on the tops of Mountains : and by little and little defcendcd as their ter- rors forfook them, changing their conditions with the places: and by how mucH rearer the Sea, by fo much the more civil. In the Plain beyond us (for we durft not ftraggle farther t'rom the (hoje) we beheld where once flood Iliumby him founded : called Jroy promilcuouily of Tros. Afterward fained to have been walled about by Scaliger Neptune and Vhoehiu in the days of Laomedon. Who hath not heard of this glorious Ttfertumo Qty^ the former takmg, the ten years war, and latter final fubverfion ? which befell *'k^"^\d according to E«febim-> in the year of the world 2784, and fecond oiAbdoiu govern- J768. nient ot Ifrael, ■ Si magna fuit cenflique virifque Perque decern potuit tantum dire fanguinis annos* Nunc humilcs veteres tantummodo Troja ruinas, Et pro divitiis tumulos oftcndit avorum. Ovid. Met. I. 5. So rich., fopotpcrful, ih at fu proudly flood-, Ihat could for tcayears fpace fpendf) much blood i Norp projirate, only her old ruins Jhotps, And Igmbs that famous Ancejiors incloje. But thofe not at this day more than conjedlurally extant. They that favour not the inventions of Virgil, report that ^neas removed not from hence : but fucceeded in this Kingdom: which tor a long time after remained in his pofterity ; highly ho- noured by the Grecians thcmfelves for his wifdom, valour, and piety, ( he not con- fenting to the rape of Helena) who forbare to damnirie both his perfon and fortunes. Whereupon fufpccftcd it was, that he betrayed the City. But the prophecy that Homer makes of him in the peifonof Neptune, then ready to be done to dsithby Adulles, in my opinion is a tellimony for Virgil : Sed cur hie tiunc innoctns doIoreS patitur In caffium ob alienas culpas ? grata autera fempef Munera diii exhibct, qui coelum latum habitant. Sed agitc, nos faltcm ip(um a morte fubdncamui, Nc forte Snurnides iratcatur fi Achilles Hunc intcrimat : fatale enim ei eft evjtarc. Ut ne fine prole genus & prorfus cstlnftum perear Dardani.qucm Saturnidej pr* omnibus dilexit liberis Qui in fe nati funt mulieribusmortalibus ]am enim Priami genus odit Saturnus, Nunc autem Mvn Mnexv'n Troianis impera'.iii Et nati natorum qui dcinccps n«fcencur. Horn. II. I. 30. Wjy crimeUfs, fuffers he for others crimes ? IVlio gods with grateful gifts fu many times Htlhfeafied. Come, norcfree ive him frtm death : Lefi if through wounds Achilles y^rcf his breath, Jove chance to fiorm. Fate doth his fc ape intend^ For fear thejiock^of Dixdinm Jhoutd end : iVhom ]ove (xvho now fupported on the inllde with pillars about two yards diiiant one trom another, and garniflied once with many now ruined Turrets : containing a confulion of thrown down buildings, with ample Cilterns for the re- ceipt of rain •■, it being feated on a Tandy foyl, and altogether dcllitute of Fountains. Foundations here are of a ChiilVian Temple i and two Towers of Marble, that have better relllled the fury of time : theoncoutiic top of a hill, and the other nearer the Sea in the valley. From the wall of the City another extcndeth ((upported with Buttreffts, partly (landing, and partly thrown down) well-nigh unto /Jj; and then turning is laid to reach to the Gulph of Satelia-, about twenty miles diltant. Half a mile off, and Weil of thefe ruins, oppofmg 7t«£^o/, are the hot- water- bathes, heretofore adorned, and nighbouted with magniticent building: the way thither incloled as it were with Sepulchres of Marble, many ot tiie like being about the City, both of Greeks and Latins, as appeareth by the feveral characters. Two Biths there bei the onechoaked with rubbigc, the other yet in ufe, though under a limple cover- ture. But now the ruins bear not altogether that form, leflcned daily by the 'I'ur\s, who carryed the pillars and iioues unto Co»lianti>tople to adorn the buildings of the great Bjff'jcs i as they now do from Cyzicus. This notable remainder of lo noble a City,was once a fmall Village of the Ilijtis. For the l/u»if,after the delhudion ot that famous Ilium, often ihifting the feat of the new, here rixt it at lair, as is faid, by the advice of an Oracle i containing one only contemptible Temple dedicated to Miner- va, at fuch time as Alexander came thither : who then otfered up his fliicld, and took down another (that which he ufed in his rights) enriching the Temple with gifts, and honouring the Town with his name i exempting it froin tribute, and determining upon his return to ercd in it a fumptuous Temple, to inftitutefacred games, and to make it a great City. But Alexander dying, Lyfwuchus took upon him that care : who immured it vvith a wall containing forty turlongs in circuit j yet furfered to retain the name of Alexandria. After it became a Colony, and an Uni verlity of the Romansy of no mean reputation. Fimbria the Queilor, having m a (edition llain the Conlul ValeriufFaccufinBithyuia, and making himfclt Captain of the 2lc»ij« Army, the Citizens refufing to receive Him, as a Robber and a Rebel, befieged this City, and in eleven days took it, who boafled that he in eleven days had done that, which ^gj. meninon with five hundred fail of (hips, and the whole Gr^f/^nation, could hardly ac- complilli in ten years. To whom an Italian anfwered. That they wanted an He6{or to defend them. Pieces of mines throughout thefe Plains lye every where fcattercd. Returning again to our Barque, hard by, on the iett hand left we Imbriiu, nov\^ called Li-jwira, once faared to Mercury, and not far beyond Lew«fl/ i famous for the fabulous fall ot Vulcan' Mequoquedeccelopede jecit Jupiter oliin ^Gainjl]ove once makjng head, hecaughtmeby Contra ilium aux.lium mifero ut mihi fcrte pararetn. ^'ibe foot, and flung me from the profound sine : Aft eeo cum coelo Phoeboquc cadence ferehar ,,,■', ^ \ P,,. •' i ^ • , ^ ftii ego cuui lu, u r «. ^ j^^ ^ J ^^j in falling : and at night InLemnumutcecidiiVixeltvisullarciiaa. r> \ L rii. tc i j ^ r i ■ Horn. II. 1. 1. ^" Lcmos Jell: lije had forjook^me qutte- whereupon, and no marvel, he ever after halted. The Greciani there now inhabit- ing do relate (Quid non Graecia mendax ' (IVhat dares not lying Greece Audct in hiftoria ?) In Hiftories infert ?) -^ that he brake his thigh with a fall from a Horfe on the fide of a hill, which at this day beareth his name. The earth in that place thereupon receiving thofe excellent vcr- tues of curing of wounds, flopping of riuxcs,expulfing poy(bns, &c. now called Terra Sigillata, in that (ealed i and there only gathered. In regard of the quality of this earth which is hot, the Ifland was confecrated to Vulcan, who fignifieth fire.For the Antient expreffeth under thefe Fables, as well the nature of things, as manners of per- fons. And now, fo heretofore in the digging thereof they ufed fundry ceremonies : ceremony which gi veth repute unto things in themfelves but trivial. It was wont to be gathered by the Ptierts of Venus, whoamongll other rites, didrrringle the earth with the blood ot a Goat (printing the little pellets whcreinto divided, with his form) which was facrificed unto her. The ncglcft of this.her honour by tlie women of LIB. I. Lemnos^ Hellefpont. '9 of the Illand, was the caufe, as they fiblc, of their goat-like favour : fo that loathed by their husbands Cwho (liortly after making wars upon the tbracians-, had cfpoufcd their Captives) and burning with a womanly fplecn, in one night they maflacred them all, together with their Concubines-, attcr murdering their own Children, letl they in time to come (hould revenge the blood of their Fathers : and fo extinguiflied the whole generation- This Hill lyeth South of the ruins of that antient Heph^llij which gave a name untoF«/cj«, and about three flight-ftiots removed. Botwecii which iTandeth Saticj, a littk- Chappcl frcquentedby the GnekjColieros upon the lixth o(AuguJi : where they begin tlieir Orilbns, and from thence alccnd the Mountain to open the vein hom whence ihty produce it, which they do with great preparations and folemnities, accompanied with the principal T«r/;/ of the liland. That which covercth it, being removed by the labour of well-nigh rifty Pioncrs ■■, the Priells take out as much as the CaJy doth think for that year fufttcienf, (led the price Ihould abate by realbn of the abundance) to whom they deliver it : and then clofe it up in fuch fort, as the place where they dig'd, is not to be difcerned. The vein difcovered, this precious earth, as they fay, doth arife like the calling up of worms; and that only during a part ot that day. fo that it is to be fuppofed rather, that they gather as much as the Tame will afford tiiem. Certain bags thereof are lent to the great Turl{_: the relt they fell, (of which I have feen many cups at ConjijHtimfk : but that which is fold to the Merchants is made into little pellets, and fealed with the Turkjfl) charafter. The ceremonies in the gathering hereot, were firU inducted by the Vemtians, And now we entred the Htllefpottt., hMMm Ida. D.Abydoi. G.Zembtnit. K-Capejanix^ary. B.Tenedoi. EiSejtoi, H. Hellefpont. L. Ruint of Alexandria. C.SeaiofotdTroy. F.Mofio, l.C/illifolu, "M. Mouth of Simoit and Scamanier. fo called oihdk the daughter oiAthamoi King oftbebei-, and fifter ofPhryxiif : who flying the ftratagemsot their Step-mother Ino-, was drowned therein. Bounded on the left hand wxihthcThracianCherfonefw (vulgarly called St. Gforgc's arm) zfe- nittjula pointed to the South- weft : whereon ftood the Sepulcher of Hecuba, called Cymffcm.!-, which fignifieth a Dog : fained to have been metamorphofed into one, in regard of her impatiency. She in the di vilion of the 'Trojan Captives, contemned, de- rided, and avoided of all, fell to the hated (hare of Vlyfjes : when to free her fclf from (hamc and captivity, fhe leapt into the Hdlcfpont. But Vi&ys Cretcnfis faith, that di- ftraded with her aniferies, and execrating the enemy, flie was (lain by them, and bu- ryed in the aforefaid Promontory. On the right iiand the Hellefpont isconhned with the Icflcr Fbrygia. It dividcth Europe from Aftjj in fundry places, not above a mils broad. ^Q Sefios, Ahydos. LIB. I. broad, in length about forty, (now called the Chanel of Conliamimple) and having a current that fetteth into Jtgeum : a trade-wind blowing either up or down, which when contrary to the ftream,doth exceedingly incenle it, the Mountains on each fides are cloched with Pines, from which much pitch is extradcd. Three Leagues above the entrance, and at the narrowelt of this Straight liand Seftos andy^'^yw^oppofite to each other : formerly famous for the unfortunate lov^s ofHero and LejMdcr.diov/ntd in the uncompafllonate Surges, and fungby Mufeus. Here Xer- xc/,whofe populous Army drank Rivers dry,and made Mountains circum-navigable, is faid.to have paft over into Greece upon a bridge ot Boats. \V hereof Lucjn. Faina canit tumidum fuper cquora Xerxem Fame fings hove Xerxes upon Neptune'/ Brwe Conftruxille viai, multum cum pontibus aufus JireUed ways : that by a Bridge durjijoin Europamquc Ada:. Seftonque admorit Abjdo : ^j-^ ^ g^^ ^^ j^^ . Inccllitquefretumrapidi fuper Hcllcfponci, '- t'^ .V ; u iur„„„;„c Non Eurum, zephyrumque tmcns ff^ho on the fretful Hellelpontus goes, LongJEque ircmum fuper jequora lurrcs. X^et dreading Zephyrus, tiorc Eurus raves i LMcan. I. J. lie high Tervers tremble on the vprathful Waves. which when broken by Tempefts, he caufed the Sea to be beaten (as if fcnfible) with three hundred llripes, and fetters to be thrown therein i forbidding any to facrilice unto Neptune. Nor Iped the winds better. In Corum atque Eurutn folitus fxvire flagcllis Jfho fcour£dthc Eafl & North-ejji winds : till then Barbarus.jEolio nunquani hoc in carcerc pafTos. ^Vtv^r fofervd ; not in £olian dtn. Jhv. Sat. 10. O ihe dog-like rage and arrogant folly of Ideots advanced to Empire ! Sed qualis rediit/ Neropc unacruentis But how return d? Vifmaid, through blood- flain^d Fluftibus, &. tarda per denfa cadavera prora. jy^^f^ ^^^ g^^,^ flg^ y^ floating carcjjfcs. [Seas Idem. jflbydos Mnds in Afia, which th§ Mileftans firll founded by the permiflion of Gygcs Kin^ oiLydia, unto whom all the country wasfubjcd. Taken by theT»r/!y in the rei":i oi Orchancs., iaccc{{oi\uT\to Ottoman, through the tteafonof the Governours daughter V who, like another Scylla, bewitched with the perfon o( Abdur achman,ZTid his valour, often feeh from the towers of the Caiile, as he approached near the wall, threw down a Letter tycd unto a llone,whtrein fli. manifelled her atfedioni and pro- miled the delivery of the Caftle, if he would perfwadc- the General to remove his fiege, and return himfelf in the dead of the night, and follow her diredtions. The defendants ovcr-joyd at tlieeneiTiies departure, drink freely, and llecpfoundly, when Abdarachman coming witjh afeledled cre.w was let in by his attending Lover, who condt3wtfr, before day, wcleft the fiiore, and after while cntred t\\c PropctttickjSa : conrincd with Thrace on the one fide, and with By- ihynis on the other : joyning to the Euxiite Sea by the Streights of Bujphorm, as it doth to the JEgeaH by the Helhfpont. It is a hundred and fifty furlongs in length, and al- inolt ot like Latitude i fo that thofe which fail in the midft, may defcry from all parts the environing land, called now Mar dcMarmore by the ttalians oi Mtrmora^ a liitk, but high Ifland, which liandcth againlt the iTiouth of the Hellejfont, and in light of Callipotit: at whofc South fide that night wc arrived. . This lilatid was anciently called pcoco«i/w, the Country of ^Vij/tW, a famous Poet, tTiat flourilhcd in the days of Crixfut, and a notable Juglei : who dying (or fo feem- ing to do) his body could be no where tound by his triends that were alfemblcd to bury him. It had two Cities of that name, the Old and the New : the former built ky the builders oiAhyd„j. Celebrated for excellent Quarries of white Marble » and thgreforc now called t>tomora : where a number of poor Chrillian llaves do hew HoiieS daily for that magnificent hl>fi[Mt which is now a building at CoHjlantinopte hy this 22 Trecomfus, Conjlantinopk. LIB. I- th\s Suit aji. It hatha fmall Village rewards the North, with a Haven peopled by Greeks. The foil apt for Vines,and not deftitute of Corn : aflTording alfopaUiiragefor Goati, whereof they have plenty. Incredible numbers of Partridges, like to thofe of Sio., here run on the Rocks, and fly chiding about the Vineyards. Having climbed the Mountains, Iktp towards the Sea, we got to the Town, and bought us lome victu- als. Ac night we returned to our Boat which lay in an obJcurc Bay, where they fpent the nsxt day in walhing the reiidue of thtir Sponges ; vvhiili I and my Interpreter fpcnt our time on the top of the Mountain in the Vineyards; not well pleafed with this their delay, now more affedling their eafe than when without the Ht:lIij}ont : be- ing rid of that fear (ioi no Pirate dare venture to come within theCalties; which had quickncd their cxp)cdition. In the evening we defcended i where we found the Pauon lying on his back upon a Rock, all dropping wet : fpeechlefs, and liruggling with death to our ieeming. ThcGrcel{t together by the cars, every one with his fel- low : fome in the Boat, and fome upon the Ihore. Amongd the relt there was a bliiid man, who had married a young wife that would not let him lie with her, and there- upon had undertaken this journey to complain unto the Patriarch. He hearing his brother cry out at the receipt of a blow ; guided to the place by the noile, and think- ing with his ftaff to have llruk the ftriker, laid it on with fuch a force, that meeting with nothing but air, and not able to recover himfelf, he fell into the Sea : and with much difficulty was preferved from drowning. The clamor increafed with their con- tentions: and anon the Patrou Parting up, as it ot a fuddcn rcllored to life » like a mad man skips into the Boat, and drawing a T:(rkiJJ} Cymiter, beginneth to lay about him (thinking that his VefTel had been furpriied by Pirates,) when they all leapt into the Sea i and diving under the water like lb many Dive-dappers, afcended without the reach of his fury. Leaping a(hore, he purfues my Grf c/;,, whom fear had made too nimble for him > mounting a Iteep cliff, which at another time he could have hardly afcended. Then turning upon me only armed with ffones, as God would have it, he Humbled by the way i and there lay like a Itone for two hours together : that which had made them fo quarrelfom being now the peace-maker > having cait the tetters of tleep upon their dillcmpcratures. tot it being proclaimed death to bring wine unto Cotijiantvtople, and they loth to pour fuch good liquor into the Sea, had made their bellies the overcharged vclTels. When the Patron awaked, and was informed by my Creek^how he had uted me, and withal of my refolution (which was rather to retire unto the Town, and there exped a patTage, than to commie my fafety unto fuch peo- ple) hecamcuntome, andkifTedme, as did the reft of his companions, (ateflimony amongfl them of good will and tidelity) and fo inforced me aboard. The winds the next day blew frcth and favourable. That night we came to anchor a little below the feven Towers; and betimes in the morning arrived at the Cuftom-houte. Then crofTnig the Haven, I landed a Calata, and fo afcended the vines of Pera : where by Sir Ihomas Clover^ Lord AmbafTador for the King, I was freely entertained : abiding in his houfe almoin for the fpace of four months. Of whom without ingratitude and detraction, I cannot but make an honourable mention. Paujamas King of Sparta , that is faid to have built,did but re-edifie this City : then called Byzantium of Byza the founder, and taken by afTiult but a little before from the Perfxans. A while after he fcndeth for Clconke the daughter of an honourable Byzan- tine, with purpofe to have abufed her : who vainly watiing tears and entreaties, de- fircs that for modeflies fake the light might be extinguifhed. The time delayed by her lingring addrefs, he falleth afleep : and fuddenly awaked with her ominous {tum- bling, then coming unto him, flartsup, mifdoubting fome trcafon, and flrikes her to the heart with a dagger. Haunted by her ghofi, or through the terrors of his guilt 16 petfwadcd, ever founding in his ears this faying i Tu cole juftitiatn, tcque acque alios oianet ultor. Be M, Kcvenze attends on tbee and others : PlM. in Mar. ° he was forced to repair unto HeracUai, where the fpirits of the deccafed, by certain fpels and infernal facriticcs were accullomed to be raited. Which pcrformed,the ghoft of Cleonice appeared, and told him that foon after his arrival at Sparta his trouble fhould end. Which did with his life, mewed up by thcE/'/>yri in the Temple of Miner- va, (where he had taken fandluary :) condemned by them for the intended betraying of bis Country unto Xerxes. Bj'Zjwtiww froin that time torward grew famous, and Zpm\tt. held an equal repute amongft ttie principal Cities i three years befieged c'rc takai, by the Emperour Severn, and at lafl made Sovereign of the reft by the Einperout Lonjlan- LIB I. Conjiantinupk. 2^ Conll^mbiopli:- Who dettfling the afccnt of the Capitol, the Senate, and people, am- 77« Turks pltriui the lame, called it Co/iftJiitinofU^ and made it the feat ot his Empire : enduing ''"'' '' it with the priviledgeSof Rjwf, the Citizens of one being freeof theotlur, and ca- ^'^'"'•^°'' pable of the dignities of cither. But the cliief caufeof his remove was, tlut by being n fjy'the near, and drawing into thofe parts iiis principal forces, the Empire towards the /^/r or Ealt might be the better detended, then greatly annoyed by ihc Fcrfunj. Thcdi- />"■£« C/;/. viuc determination having fo appointed or permitted, that way may be given to the fpiritiul ufurpec, and to reltore to the Weltcrn world their temporal freedom, by ' with-drawing of their Legions, in the abfenceof the Emperors, by the fncceedin" di- villon, and con(cquent fubverilon of that Empire. He intended lirlt to have built at Cbjiccrlon-, on the other hde ot the Thrjcian Bjjphorui i in view ot tiiis, and a little below ic,whereof the Megarijns were the builders called blind by the Oracle, for char, tirlt arriving at that place tiiey made choice of the worfc and leis protitablc lite : the tilh Cel^pccially the lunnj, bred in the Lake of Mxotis, which exceedingly enriched ihcByzjntints) that came out ot the E«xi//«r Sea, being driven to the contrary fliore by the Itrcam, and frighted by the whitenels of the Cliris from liie other. And even a^ this day tilh of lundry kinds, at fundry times, in incredible multitudes, are forced by the aforclaid current into the Haven : when many entring far in, and meeting with the frtlh, as it inebriated, turn up their bellies, and are taken. It was reported, that when the workmen began to lay the platform ztChilcedon-, how certain Eagles convcighed their lines to the other lide of the Straight, and let them fall right ovtr Byzantium: whereupon the Emperour altered his determination, and built his City whereas now it Itandeth, as if appointed to do fo by the Deity, tinilhed it was in the eleventh of May^ in the year 331. and contecrated to the BlelTed Virgin. Komc he be- reft ot her ornaments to adorn it : tetchiug trom thence in one year more antiquities, than twenty Emperours had brought thither before in an hundred. Amongft the rell that huge Obelisk oilbtbjn Marble, called VUcatonhy the Creeks^ (formerly brought out of Egypt) and erected it in the Forum, with a brazen Statue of antique and Bcda- Han work man-flvip, kt upon the top of a Column, and called by his name (but fup- poled to be the counterfeit ot Apollo tranllatcd from Ilium) thrown down by a violent wind in the reign oi AUxii. Tliis place was alfo beautiticd with the Irojan PaUadium ? an Image of Vaila three Cubits high : in the right hand holding a Spear, in the lett, a Spindle, and appearing as it it walked i which he gave, as they teign unto Djrij«/«- in dowry with his daughter Chryfof- By Ilus removed unto Ilinm, it was told them by Ludovicus an Oracle, that as long as it inciud^.^ the lame, the City fliould remain in-expusnable. V'*'" '" whereupon it was placed in the molt (ecret part of the Temple, and another made p"^' "^^ like it, Lxhibitcd to the view; Itoln after from thence by ■Z^/i/ff/ and Dwwt'Jtj. But i.'c.'^^cx the true one (together with the Trnjan Penates) was delivered by SycM toJEneas, who vjriis Au- carriedit withhim mto Italy, icmovcdiiom Alba loHgj to Rome, and placed in the tor l**"'^'- Templcof Fejia. Which let accidentally on tire, Lttcim Mctd Ins bCm^^ then High- "j'7'"!^'" pricft, did telcue wi:h the lots ot his eyes. j^^,^ 7 ThisCity by dcltiny appointed, and by nature feated for Soveraignty, was tirlt the unoiber feat of the K<7WJ.?« Emperors, thenof the G/eei^, as now it is of the 'J«rj(i/^ : built by '''"'^*"'' Con\iantine the fon ot Helena^ and lolt by Conjiantinc the fon of another Helena (a Gre- °U("\ ^^ gory then Bilhop, whole tirlt Bifliop was a Gregory) to Mahomet the lecond, in the year pjus catlii 1453. ^"'^ ''^'^ llaughter of her people, and deltrudtion of her magnilicent Structures. Hygio. The like may be obferved ot the Roman Emperors i whole hrit wis Augitjhis-, and whofe lalt was Augujinliif' So have rhey a Prophecy that Mahomet ftiall lole it. 7o porverfid Alia op[>os''d, in Europe feated : Europe impofica hic Afiique objeftj porenti .• Of old the bound to both, and now the Head. ^'^T" ""' I Q'l* nullum crimen nolle pudcrc nutat. the bafu of her height : even proud B.omc quahs. c„^:r,,,„^. „„„^ ^,., ^^,^.^"".^- Hit old-, a btrttmpet whom new lujtsdcjame : mKcc armis leges : accipc> daijuc jugum. 7hit efiimates it no crime not tofhame. Arifi thou fiercelU lirih^\ kill, thine' s the day : J' ^' ^<^*''£' Lairs only add to Arms : rule and obey. 24 Conftantiftople. L I B. r. It rtands on a Cape of Land near the entrance of the Bofphom. In form triangular : on the Eaft-fide waflicd with the fame, and on theNotth-fide with the Haven, i>. "r. .''V;i( 1 1, .'•','j •H-\":*<''." ♦ " I'.'.l / ' - ^ ., ^ , 'l, \ ,' \ ' ' A. 7*? Ihracidti Bofphorui and xtny to ihe EUckSea, E. E. The Bay ofJfmit. F. C. The high land over Burfia. G. D. JTie entrance into Propontit, H, The Haven ofConflantinople. Point ef FoMndaclee. Point between Scutari andChdcedon. The Maiden-Tower, adjoyning on the Weft to the Continent. Walled with brick and ftone, intermixed orderly : having four and twenty Gates and Polkrns > whereof live do regard the Land,and nineteen the Water ■■> being about thirteen miles in circumference. Than this thereishardly in nature a more delicate objed, if beheld from the Sea or adjoyning Mountains: the lofty and beautiful Cyprels Trees (b intermixed with the buildings, that it fccmeth to prefent a City in a Wood to the pleafcd beholders. Whofe feven afpi ring heads (foronfo rriany hills and no more, they fay itisfeatedj are moll of them crowned with magnilicentMofques, all of white Marble, round in form, and coupled above i being hniflied oi» the top with guilded Ipires, that rerie<^ the beams they receive with a marvellous fplendor ; fome having two, fome four, fome fix ad- joyning Turrets, exceeding high, and exceeding llender : farraft aloft on the out-fidc like the main top of a Ship and that in fcveral places equally diftant. From whence the Tj/i/»M««i with elated voices (for they ufe no bells) do congregate the people, pronouncing the Arabick^ fcntencc. La Ilia IMa Mahemct re ful Allah : viz. 'there it but one God, and Mahomet h'n Prophet. No Mofijue can have more than one of thefe Turrets, if not built by an Emperor. But that of Sanrta Snphia, once a Chrillian Tem- ple, (twice burnt, and happily, in that fo fumptuouily re-cdiHed by the Emperor 7«(Hmwm) excecdeth not only the reft, by whofe pattern they were framed, but all other Fabticks whatfoevcr throughout the whole Univerfe. A long labour it were to dcfcribe it exadtly : and having done, my eyes that have Iccn it would but con- demn my defcdive relation. The principal part thereof rileth in anoval: furround- cd with Pillars, admirable for their proportion, matter, and wotk-man-fliip. Over thofe others i thorough which ample Galleries, curioully paved, and arched above, have their profpe(fl into the Temple : digHitied with the prefence of Chriftian Empe- torsatthe time of Divine Service i afcended by them on horf-back.The Roof compact and adorned with Mufjtck^ painting. An antique kind of work, compofed of little fquare pieces of Marble i guilded and coloured according to the place that they are to alTume in the hgure or ground : which let together,as if imboflcd, prefent an unexpref- lible llitelinefs, and are of a maivcUous durance : numbrcd by ?ancirollns amongft things LIB. f. Conjiantinople. " a '5 thing? that are Idft : but divers iu If j/y at this day excel in that kind: y^-t nnkc the particles of clay, gilt, and coloured bctore they be neilcd by tlic Hrc. Tlic rtli ot'che Church, though ot another proportion , doth joyn to this with a certain harmony. Tile hdes and floor are all riaggtd with excellent Marble : vjiiltcd Mndi.rncarh, aiid containing large CilUrns, replcniflicd with water Iroiri an Aq'jxdudJ. Before the en- trance tiitre is a gocdly Portico i where the Chrillians t!ut vilit it upon curiolity as well as the Tui\s. do kave tlxir lliooes betoie ihcy do enter. Within on the left hand there is a Pillar covered with Copper, ever fweafing, ( I know not why , unlefi in being palTed thorow by fome Conduit ) wiiich the larks wipe o(V with their hand- kerchers : through a vain luperltition perfwaded , that it is ot facred and (bveraign vcitue. The doors are curioully cut through, and plated : the Wood o[ one of thcin feigned to be ot the Ark ot Koe , and therefore left bare in fome places to be kilfed by thcdevouter people- Ei/jgri»w, that lived a thoufand years lince,afHrmeth, this Tem- ple to have been troin Eaft unto Well, two hundred and threefcore feet long , and in height one luindred and tourlcore : and Antonim MoiavtMUs^ thjt in the days of Bn- jjZit^ it contained at once tix and thirty thouland Twr/^/. Perhaps the ancient Fabrick thenltanding entire i whereof this now remaining waslittle more than theChancel. B-tter to be believed than Bcllonius-, a modern eye-witne(s, who reports that the doors ,, thereof aie in number equal to the days of the year : whereas if it hath rive , it iiath eoTempIo more by one than by me was ditcerncd. Mjhjmet the Great, upon the taking of the ( fi licet City , threw down the Altars, defaced the Images, ("of admirable Workmanfhlp , d'cerc)toc and inhnitc in number) converting it into a Moique. To every one of theft princi- P°"*1"°' pal Molques belong publick Bagnios, Hofpitals, with Lodgings for Santons and Ec- dje$. ob. clctiaftical perfons, being endowed with competent Revenues. The inferiour Mofqucs/"ff.//6.i. arc built for the molt part Itjuare : many pent-hous'd with open Galleries , where "' '^* they accuftom to pray at tiines extraordinary : there being in all (comprehending PiTJ, Scutari, and the building^ that border the Bn^borus) about the number of eight thouland. But this of Sofhia , is almoft every other Friday frequented by the Sultan : b:ing near unto the fore-tront o( his Seraglio, which pofleflcth the extrcamelt point of the Notth-Ea({ Angle, where formerly flood the ancient Byzantium : divided from the reft of the City by a lofty Wall , containing three miles in circuit j and comprehend- ing goodly Groves of Cyprcffcs intermixed with Plains, delicate Gardens, artificial Fountains , all variety of Fruit-trees, and what not rare ? Luxury being the fteward, and the Treafure unexhauliible. The proud Palace of the Tyrant doth open to the South : having a lotty Gate-houfe without Lights on the outfidc, and engraven with Arabick Ciiaraders, fct forth with Gold and Azure, all of white Marble. This leadeth into a fpacicKis Court three hundred yards long, and above half as wide. On the left fide thereof, (lands the Round of an ancient Chappcl, containing the Arms that were taken from the Gncians in the fubveriion of this City ■-, and at the far end of his Court a (econd Gate , hung with Shields and Cymiters, doth lead into another full of tall Cyprefs-trcc*, Icfs large, yet not by much than the former. The CloiOcrs about it leaded above, and paved with ftone, the Roof iiapported with Columns of Marble, having Copper Chapiters and Bafes. On the left hand the Vivam is kept , where the Bajfat of the Portdoadminilter Jufticc i on that fidecontined with humble buildings. Beyond which Court on the right hand there is a Hreet of Kitchins : and on the left is the Stable, large enough tor hve hundred Horfei where there is now to be feen a Mule fo admirably ftreak'd, and dappled with white and black , and in fuch due pro- portion, as if a Painter had done it, not to imitate nature, buttopleafc the eye , and cxpreis his curiofity. Out of this lecond Court there is a palTage into the third , not by Chriltians ordinarily to be entred : furrounded with the Royal Buildings , which though perhaps "hey come (hort of the Italian, for contrivement and tinenefs of Workmanfliip •, yet not in coff ly curioufncfs, matter, and amplitude. Between the Eld-wall (which alio fcrvcth for a Wall to the City) and the water, a fort of terrible Ordnance are planted , which threaten dellrudlion to fuch as by Sea (hall attempt a violent entry or prohibited palfagc. And without on the North-tide Hands the Sul- tans Cabinet in torm ot a fumptuous Summer-houfe i having a private melfage made for the time of viraxcd linen from h\s Seraglio : where he often (blaceth himfclf,with the various objcdJs ot the Heaven ; and from thence takes Barge to pafs unto the ds- lighttul places of the adjoyning4/ij. This Palace, hovdocver enlarged by the OttO' mansyV/isntit erc which tor that impetfedl (as the reft) and of no import, 1 will torbear to interpret. DIFtl- LIB. I Conjianthiople. V DIFFICILIS QUONDAM DOMINIS PARERE SERENIS JUSSUS ET EXTINCTIS PALM AM PORTARE TYRANN15 OMNIA TE^EODOSIO CEDUNT SOBOLIQUE PERENNI TER DENIS SIC VlCmS CECOD... MITllSCHlE DIEBUS JUDICE SUB PROCLOSI .StLATLlS AD AURAS. And this on the othtr fide KIONA TETPAnAErPON AEIx eONIKEIMEN^ON AX0OC MOtN'OC ANACTECAI ©EtaOCIOC BASIaEtOC TOaMHCAC uPOKaOC EnEKEKAETO KAl TOCOC ECTH KlnN HEaIOC EN TRIAKONTA^rn. A little removed there Ibndc-th a Cokimii of wreathed Brafs, with three infolded Ser- pents at the top, extended in a Triangle, looking (everal ways. And beyond both thefe, another high Oliclisk, termed by fome a O/oJTk/, built of fiindry Itones, now greatly ruined, covered heretofore with plates of giiilded Brais i whole bafis do ye . retain this Infcription, —TO TETRAnAErPON ©AtMA TaN METAPCInN XPON ii^eAPEN' NtN KaECTANr NOC aEChOtHC Ot Pp-MANOCuAIC aOZA THs CKHiiTOtXIAC KREITTON NEgtRTEI THs nAAAleE.oPiAC O BAR KOaOCCOCo AMEOC HN TH POah KAI XAaROC OTTOC ©AMBOC ECTIN ENTHAaE. tinA'wyAttrathjfir fthat is, theMarket of women 1 there is an hiliorical Column to be alcended within, far furpalfing both Trjjj;;/, and that o'i Antonine-, vvhich I have fecn in Rtfwc : the work-man having fo proportioned the Figures, that thehighelt and lowcll appear of one bignefs. And right againit the Manlion of the CcrwjM Emperors Ambaffadour (who only is fuffercd to lodge within the City) fiands the Column of Conjiantini: : about the top whereof you may read this Dillichon. TO OEION EPTON ENgAaE ♦©APEN xPONa. NEOI MANOtHa EtsEBHs ArTOKPATiiP. Thcfe are all the remains that are left, for all that are by theChriflians to be feen, btfides the reliques of the Palace of Conjisntine-, now made a ftable for wild beallsj of fo many goodly buildings, and from all parts congeitcd antiquities, wherewith this fovertign City was in times palt fo adorned. And with them are their memories pcriflied. For not a Greel^an fatisrie the Inquirer in the hifiory of their own calami- ties- So fupine negligent are they, or perhaps fo wife, as of paffed evils to endeavour a forgctfulnefs. But to fay fomcthing of Conjijutimpk in general : I think there is not in the world an objcdt that proraileth fo much afar ort to the beholders, and entred lo dcceivcth the expectation : the belt of their private buildings, inferiour to the more contemptible fort of our^ For the JurkJ are nothing curious of their houfa : not on- ly for that their polTelllons are not hereditary ; but ellecmiiig it an egregious tolly to crcd fuch fumptuous habitations, as if here to live for ever, forgetful of their Graves, and humane vicilFitude. Reproved likcwife by the Poet, 7l}ou Marble herfi)}, ere long to part tvlth hrejtb : And H ufci rearjl, uttmlndfttl of thy death. Tu fecanda marmorj Locas fub iplumfunus: & fcpulchri Iinmcmor, ftruisdomos. Harat.t. i.OJ, ig. None being above two ftories high, fomc of rough Stone, fomcof Timber, forrc of Sun-dritd Brick: their Roofs but riling a little, covered with fuch Tiles as are Jaid on the Fridges of ours, one contraiy toanotheri Yet fome part of fomeof rhem ll(t(ihofe belonging to men of principal degree j planted with Flowers and Trees of (hcrarell colours and produdlons. Many vacant places there are in the City, and many rows ot buildings, conlilling of Shops only, all belonging to the' Grand Signior, vvhu lets th^m out unto Trades-men i into whicii their Wives come not. Women being prohibited by Mahomet to buy or till ' though not now ftl- t> 2 dom a8 Conjiantiftopk. LIB. t. domtbcy doj 01 fliew themfelves publickly. The ftrects for the moft part arcex- ceediii)! narrow i feme railed on the lidts tor more cleanliiuisi many having ftecp afcents, m many places bounded with long dead walls, belonging to great mens Seraglios. So negligent are they of exteriour garnifliings. Th£ HISTOR.JCM.L COLVMNE # '■TV All LIB. L CoTjfla'itlncple. 3^' All thcSubuib; that this City bath, lie without thcGateof^Jrijw^/c •, adjoining to the North wcrr angle thcrtof,and ftrttching along the iipptriMJit ot cht Hj vlTi. Where within a (lately .Monument, there (iandcth a Tombot principal icpute in tlic Mahomt- tan devotion : the Sepulchre ot Jupc Sitltun a S'anton ot theirs, called vulgarly and ri- diculoufly, the Sepulcluc oi Job. To which theCj/tji/; Bi/p doth repair bttbic he lets torth, and a^is return i there pcrlorming appointed Oi.aifons and Cercmonifc, and . tipon a vi(5lory obtained, is obliged to vilit the lame every morning and c vi.ntfe» tor ' the fpacc ot three weeks. Betorc this in a Cyprcls Grove there llandeth a i^FoW, where the new Sultans arc girt with a Sword by the hands of the M/(/ii,their prnkipal Prelate, with divers fokmnities. ^■' Now fpeak we of the Havtn i rather 3evoured than incrcafed by a little River cal- led formerly Bjrbyja., now by the Grct/;/, Chart arkoit, and Chayby tlie Turks ; much frequented by I'owl, and rigoroufiy pretLrved for the Grand Slgniors plcalure, who or- dinarily hawks thereon i infomuch that a fervant ot my Lord Ambafradors wasfo beaten for pr^fuming to (hoot there, that fliortly alter he died (as ins thought of^ the blows. This talleth into the Welt extent of the Havm : throughout the world the faircll, the iatelf, the molt profitable. So conveniently profound, that the grcateft Ships may lay their ildes to the fides thereof, for the more ealie receipt, or difcharge of their burthen. The mouth of it is land-loekt by the oppofite /(/?j i opening Ead- ward into ihc ThrjcianEojfhjriif^ which by a long narrow Chanel Itretching North and South, joins the black and white Seas: fb call they the Seas North and South of the Bojjihorm- So that no wind blowtth, which brings not in Ibme Shipping or other to the turnifliing of this City j (having as it hath bceu (aid bcforej on the left hand theE«xi«£Sea, with the Lake of A/jea/w, inhabited about by multitudes of Nations, and cntrcd into by many navigable Rivers, whereby vvhatfocvergroweth, orisnou- rifhcd in thofe far-diP.ant Countries, is eallly tianlported unto it : on the right hand Tropontis and tlic Mid-lar.d Sea, (bordered with Natalia, Syria, Egypt, Africa, Spain, Fraucc,Italy,Grcecc^ and Valmatia, with their fruitful lilands) and without the great Ocean. In(omuch as it ("eemeth by the opportunity of Navigation to participate with their feveral commodities, daily brought hither by Foreigners, (eated of it feif in a Country,though not altogether barrtn, yet not fulficient to fufiain the Inhabitants. Moldavia and Valichia do (erve them with Beeves and Muttons ; and as for Fifli, the adjoining Seas yield (tore and variety ; as the concaves of the Rocks do Salt, ' white, pure, and folid i made only by the labour of the furges. But iiotwithftanding all this. f fFhat place fi xvrctchcdfce ive, fo retired? Quid tani mifcrutn, tarn folum vidimus, ut non' Worfe than the fearful blaze fhoufesfred, l^^'^^'"^ ""^^^ • horrere inccndia. lapius cri ■ I I ■■ II •.',.!,*• r .1 TIC Tcctorum aliiduoj, acmillc pericula IsviE T.httr dayly jails, rviio tmujandmijchiefs more, Urbis. Of that dire City. J^ven. Sat. 3. Fori know not by what fate or misfortune, fubjedl it hath been to fundry horrible combultions. Unto that which betel in the days ot Leo, and not long after in the reign viBaf.licm, (when amongd other inhnitc lofTi;? that famous Library periflied, contain- ing I2OC00 volumes: where, in the inward skin of a Dragun th(.OJylTes and Iliads of H)Wfr were written :j and to divers others thislall, though lets, maybe added, which hapned on the i4.ot OQober in the year 1607. in which 5000 houfcs were burnt to their foundations. Nor is it to be marvelled ati theCitiyens themfelves not daring to quench tlie tire that buriitth their own houfes 5 or by pulling down fome, to pre- fcrvc the remainder. An office that belongeth to the Aga and his Janizaries, who no- thing quick in their alliltance, do often for fpltc or pillage beat down f'uch buildings as arc fatthcr removed from danger. So that the aiiiehi(.f is not only wiflied for the booty, but prolonged. And not feldoin they themfelves fet the ^en-'y houfes on fire, who made wary by the example, are now fuinitlied ot archtd Vaults lor the (afegu'ard of their goods, which are not to be violated by the flame. The fall of houfes heretotoie by terrible and long-lafling earth-quakes,now by negligence in repairing,tcmpcffs.and the mattLr that they conlllt of,i5 here alfo moft f ixqirent, many (as hath been laid j be- ing built ot Sun-dried Biii.k. And although it enjoys a delicate air, and fcrcne skies cvcn during the winter, when the Full, the WeA, or South wind bloweth, yet thi. boi- Ikrous 'lrainotaiia,th:!il trom the black SsadOth (weep its black fuijiiancc, here moll vi- ftltntly rages,bringiiig often with it fuch ftorms of Snow,that in September I have (ecn the then flouti(hiugTret"5|U)pvercharged therewith, that their branches iiavc broken, D ^ accolr.- 3^ Calatii. ScHtjri. Eiixine Sea. LIB. I. accompanied with bitter frofts ; which diflblving, rtfblve therewith the infirm nnatret that fuftains them. LalUy, the plague (cithtrhapningthroiigh the vice ot the Clime, or ot" thofe mif-bclievers, or hither brought by the many frequenting nations) for the moll part miterably infcfteth this City: increafed by the Uipcrftition ot ihtMahome- t j«j,trom whom it may be that fome one amongll us derived that damnable dodtrine i which colt io many lives in the time of our great inte(9;ion. To theic add the Scepter cfaTyrant, with the infolency of Slaves: and then, O new Kowf, howare thy thus balanced protitsaud delights to be valued ! On the other fide of the Haven (continually crofTed by multitudes of little Boats called PcrmagitJ, and rowed for the moll part by Egyptians) flands the City o(Galata, fo called (as tome write) of the Gauls, once'the maiicrs thereof i or as others will have it, of Gj/^c, which iigniiieth Milk , tor that there the Creeks kept their Cattle, as Pera (another name thereof,) which fignifieth beyond, in that on the other fide of the Haven, but more anciently Cornu Bizantiitm. Inhrmiy walltd i yet great, if you com- prehend the Suburbs theiewith, extending trom along the fliore to the upper tops of the Mountains i furpading Co«jf JWti«()/'/c in her lotty buildings. Built by ibcGcmefi, who bought it of the Gref i^Emperors, ( in their declining eltate poffen of little more than the regal City, and Title > for the molt part fuHained by foreign contributions*.) and was by them furrendred unto Mahomet the Great, the day atter the tacking of Co«- ftaminuple. At the Welt end thereot the Grand Signiorj Gallics have a dry ftation, and at the Eallend, right againft the point ot his Seraglio, called Tophana, and Fundacle, lies a number of great Ordnance un-plantcd ■, molt of them the Ipoilof Ghrillian Ci- ties and Fortrefles, as may appear by their Inlcriptions, and Impicfles : and many of them of an incredible greatneft. \ Now right againlf the mouth of the Haven on the other fide of the Bo^hortu-, ftands Scutari, a Town of Biibynia, (6 named of the Garrifon there kept : and formerly cal- led Chryfopolii-,{oi that there the Pcrfians received their tribute from other Cities otAfta. An ample Town, environed with goodly Orchards, and honoured with the neigh- bour-hood of a Royal Seraglio- Before it on a little Rock a good way off from thefliorc a Tower iscre(3:ed called theA/ji(/f«-Tower, whereof a fable they tell, not worth the relating : now terving as well for a Fort as a watch-Tower, having in it twenty pie- ces of Ordnance. And although the Sea be fo deep between it and the Ihore that a Ship may fail through, yet is it ferved with frelh water, fome fay, brought thither by art, i rather think from a natural Fountain. Scutari fometimes belonged to Chalccdon, once a free City, and featcd a little below it ; lo called ol a Brook, now without a name, that runs into Prop(;««Mi called alio, The City of the blind, becauleof the foolilh A/t- garijiis that built it. Famous tor the fourth general Council there holden : and now only Chewing a part of her ruincs. The black Sea is diftant fome fifteen miles from Conftantinofle-, fo named of its black effc(fts,or tor the thick mifls that ufually hang over iti or as fome fay,of a princelyBtide- groom and Bride that therein perilled. Firlt, called Axenm-, which fignifieth un-hof- pital : by reafon of the coldnefs thereot, and humanity ot the bordering Nations i who accultomcd to facrihce their guclts,to eat their ficlli, and of their skulls to make drink- ing-bowls.But after the lonians and Greehj had planted certain Colonies thereabout, and difplanted the barbarous, it was called £«xiw' '"'"'"^ ^^''"'^ '^"'^' The form thereof is compared to a Scythian Bow when extended. On the South-fide from the Bfl^/^orw it is bordered with PoM/«^, Bithynia-, a.nd Cappadocia, (wherein the Imperial City ot 7'rapezond) Colchit it hath on the Ealt i on the North between it and Caucjfm lies a part of Sarmatia Afiaticj. Then the Fens of Mxutu^ Quam Scytlii* gentcs clrcumdant undique ripis : jrinch favage Scythuns inhabit round: EC fflitrctn I'onti perh.bcnt M^otid.s undam. • ^ ^^ j^j^,,^^^ ^j- ^y^ ^^^^^.^^ ^^^ renotpn'J. and therefore called 7emerinda : fed by the mighty River of "tanavi-, which divideth Afia (torn Europe. Therell of the Norih fide is bounded by tht European Sarniatia. OnthcWelf is confined part of Dacia, and the hither M^r/ia, ftparated by rjw«Z»j«f, and the reiriainder with 7hracia. The Sta is lels fait than others, and much annoyed with Ice in the Winter. ' There LIB. I. "Euxine Sea. thracian Bofphoraf. There where (lif If inter rvhich >w Spring remit s, Et qua bnima rigcns ac ncfcia vere remltti •"^ ' ^ r. & AftriDgic Scythicutn glaciah frigorc Fontum. Lucan.l.l. With bonds of be the 'Scythian Poutus kriitj. Here the T«r/; prohibiteth Foreigners to trafBck, there being no other pafTige therein- to but by Rivers , neither this pafldge of Bojphorus as fomc conjedturc, hath beeri A. Part of Thrace. B. The Lanthorn, C. Part ofBithynia, n. Euxine Sea: E. Bofpharus. always, bat forced by the violence of fireams that fell into the over-charged £?mw. Where it riiflicth into the Bofyhoruf, there are two Rocks, that formerly bare the nannes of Cyjne£ and Sym\>kgadcs : which for that fo near, as many times appearing but as one, they were tained by the Poets un-ftablcj and at fundry times to juitlc each other- , Here, upon the top of a Rock environed with the Sea, fuppofcd by fomc to be one of the(e, if not too far removed from a fellow to be fo, ftands a pillar of whrtc marble, called vulgarly the pillar oi Pompey. Upon the (liore there is an high Lanthorn, large enough at the top to contain about three-lcorc pcrfons, which by night dircdtcth the Sailer into the entrance of the Bcfl'borns. The Bofpharus fcttcth with a flrong current into Propontis, and is in length about twenty miles ; where broadell, a mile, and in two places but half a mile over. So cal- led, for that Oxen accuftomed to fwim from the one fide to the other : or as tiie Poets will have it, from the pafTage of Metamorpholcd lo. Now day and ninds invite : to Sea put they-, IFbere Bofphurut duthhU rough floods dijplay. Jtf, not then a Coddcjs, croji the fane (Nile) to thy foil: it thtreforetook^thatname. Jamque dies aur<£que vocant : rurfufque cipeflTuiiC ylvquora, qua rigidos cruftat Eofphoruj amncs. Illos CNilc) tuii nondum Dca gencibutio Tranfierat lludius : undo hxc data nomina roncci] y,tL Flac. Argen, I, 4, One 92 n bractan Bofph mrus. LIB. J. A. The Ktck^ fuppofed one of the Symple£aJet. D. The Coaft of Afia towarJi Traftfoni. E. TbeBlacliSea. E. Part of Thrace. C. Tte entrance of the Bofphorut toward/ Conflantinople. F. The foot of the Lanthorn Tonver. The bafis whereof did bear thefe now worn-out Charadters. DIVO. Ci^SARf. AUGUSTO. L. CLANNrDILIS. L. F. CLA. I'OMO. One of thofe two fore-mentioned Straits lye before Coniiantinofle-, the othe five miles and above a half, where on Europe fide there ftandeth a Calile called formerly Vamalii, and now the Uachjtower : ftrongly fortified, and commanding that entry, Vvith the help of the other on the oppofite fhore : environed with a wall two and twenty foot broad, and containing three great Towers i their walls exceeding ten yards in thick- nefs. This is aUb a Prifon for Captives of principal quality, at fuch time as the deferv- cdly beloved Mr. Barton lay here Ambaffador for our Nation, there was a certain Hol- landcr, called Hadrian CantyWho being taken by a KenegaJo-, then Captain of two Gal- lies, was by the Gra«u»;«W< by thzhalianss on the Ealt it hath the Po«/ic/;,and i'M;.,,;;/ic/^ Seas i on the South the Jtgean joining on the WlH to Macedonia and the upper A/ay?.;. Hir more famoiN mountains are that afore-laid Hj!miif-,lihodope iWW tope with Snow, and dltbratcd lor the fongs oi Orpheus i Pangeas lich in Silver, and Msffapw tor high Ikcp piked Roclis to be wondrcd at. The chid Rivers are, llow Hehrw-, lalubrioiis 7ramis, and troubled Nejfuf. Tiie chief Cities next unto this, NicopolU Philippi yet boalling of her Amphi- theater, Philipolu, Hadrianopol'n-, Trajanopolis, Selymbria-, Perinllm, Phinopolis, anil ApoHonia. In length it containeth twenty days journey, in Latitude fi-Vcn. Towards the Sea it is indifferent truittuli producing Coin, and noc contemptible Wines, but the farther re movai, the lefs profitable i lyingin a wild champion, mjde barren by the bitter cold ot the Climate. It is under the government of the Beghrbcg oi Grecian who is aUo called the Beglerbeg ot Romania. The Turks now Lord of this Imperial City, (together with the godlieR porti- on 34 The mpory of the Turk/. LIB I. on of theeanli) ariivedat this height of dominion from fofeairean original, as t!ie fame is rather cnnjcdtiued at, than pofitivdy delivered by any. But certain it is, they were a people of Scythia'y who forfaking their own homes, in the yearS44. conipclled by taminc, or txpcHtd by their neighbours, entrtd through the Straights ot the CjJ^/j;; Mountains, and by Aronghand pollell themfLivcS o^Jrmaiia the great- er ■■> called thereupon Jurconijiiij-, as it is at this day, multiplying by the daily accedion ot their Country-men i being in Religion Pagans, and living in wandring Troops, aeeordnig to the Scythian Naiiada. Now tl'e Saracen Empire drawing nigh a pe-riod by the di vilion of the MahonntJH Princes, Mahomet Sultan ot Pcrfia^ too week for the Calil'h ot Babylon-, intreated aid of thcTw/^i who(enthim three thoufand Souidiers, under the Icaeimg oi Taiigroliplx, the chiet of the Sclzitocian family, by whole allill- ance he overthrew the Calif h. Yet would he compell the T«r/^ to do him further Icr- vice, whereupon a quarrel, and confcquently a Battel wascommenced between them , 111 which, M.ihimict mifcarrying, tangrolifix by confent of both Armies was cleifted Sulfa"- To Perfia he adjoyned tiie temporal jurifdidfion of Babylon, having lubdued the Cali['h, but continued the fpiritua! to hisfuccenbr, as iucccflbrs unto their falfe Prciphet; the T/z/ji^ having then embraced the Mahometan fuperftition, which was two hundred and fourteen yearsafter their eruption out ot Scythia- Axan lucceeded Ins Father Tangrolifix: \vho upon agreement with Cutlit-Mtifes and his kin(man (of Kiri likewile unto him) then in Arms, afligned unto them the ablblute (ovcreignty of •whatfoever they could purchafe with their (words trom the Grixwjj Emperor : who by him aided, iubdued Media., much o[ Armenia, Cappadocia, Fontus, Bithynia, and mo/t of the lefllr Jfia: On the other llde, the Sultan gave to Ducat and Melechy two other of his kinfmen, the Cities of Damafcus and Aleppo, with their territo- ries, to hold of him in chief, with whatloever they could win from the Saracen/, who (hortly became malkrs of the greater part oi Syria. But (bon after beaten out of it (as for the moft part out oijfta the iefsj by Godfrey of Bullen, and hisChrilHan Forces, they were tarced to retire into the more Eafterly parts of their dominions > fo that now their declining glories did fecm to imitate, or rather exceed their fwift afcenlion unto Empire. But they (hortly after recovered their lolTes in ihe leffer Afia, For the warliKe5o/y»ij« (the fon of Cutlu-Mufes) that (b with(iood the Wellefn Chri(\ians, being now dead, Mahomet fucceeded him. Between whom, and Mafitt then Sultan of Iconium^ there betel a War, and forthwith an agreement. But Majitt in hne potTeft of the whole turkifh Kingdom in that part of Afia, dying i did divide it araongll his three fons. To Calizafl Iban he gave the regal City o( Iconium, with the under-Provinccsi to J agupafan, Amafia, Oiud Ancyrd, with p2it oi Cappadocia, and the territories adjacent : but to Vadune he gave the ample Cities of Cajaria and Se^ bafiia'y and all the (pacious Countries adjoining: the whole being lately a parcel of the declining G>-ff/^E>M/'Jn'. But thefe ambitious brethren like the (bns of the Earth, drew their (words on each other. The eldell diCpoffelling Vadune of his patrimony j and turning his Forces upon JdCKpj/jw, (who died in the preparation of that War) fei/ed alfo upon his. Then mvading the adjoyning parts of theEmpire, inamor- tal Battel he overthrew Emmanuel Commenui the valiant , but uniortunare Empe- rourv fubduing after his death the Country of Phrygia, with divers frontier Cities and CalUes. This aged 5;niiifum,'Pocea, with the Sea bordering Cities i bvn to Chaichojroe J (betides the ^^gal feat of JcoxiHw) Lycaonia, Pamfhilia, and the bordering Countries as tar as Cotyanium, with the title ot Sultan- But thctc tell alfo at dii<:ord i for Coppatine dying loonatter, Ka and South-ward unto the Lycian and Carian Seas, and to the River Eurimedon, which they divided kito f e v<^l Toparchies. Now of thofe two fore-named Princes, Majut died ilTue-lefs, but /iWiw lucceeded his father Ct'j-c»«^j^f/, titular Lord of the whole, but tributary to the Tartar, the laft of the Selzttcciau family. He dying. Sahib the head Vefir ufurp- ed the Sovereignty, yet held it not long. The Great ones (baring amongft them (a-s they had done the rc(f J the remainder of that dif-membred Kingdom. Ottoman among thefe poflefled Siguta, a little Lordfhip in Bithyitia. Not feized'on by force, but given by Aladin the rirli, unto his father Ertogriel the fon of Solyman, one of the OgHzian family, and once Sultan of Machan, who forfaking his Kingdom for fear of the Tartars, long led a wandring life with uncertain fortunes. But Ertogriel turning into the ItfTer Afia-, requeued oi Aladin that he would allot fome corner of his (o large a Kingdom, tor him, his diftrefled Country-man, and his family to relt in. who mindful of what himfelf had futfered (having belides in a Battel almoft loll againll the Tartar, by his unexpected fupply of four hundred Horfc, recovered the Vi- ctory j alfigned him this Village to winter in, and the Mountains adjoining for the ("ummeringof hisCattel, with fome command upon thcfronticrs. Where he long lived a quiet life, beloved both ot T«ri^ and Chriftians confining, for his peaceable nature and good olHces done them. Dying in the fourfcore and thirteenth year of his age, and in the year of our Lord 1289, he left three fons behind him,Jundaf, SarMga~ »i«,and this Ottoman, whom the Ogufians elcded for their Governor. Now the Chri- llians having done fome outrages to his people, he thereupon furprized divers of their Caftles, overthrew the Grffjly in fundry conflids, took from thcmtheCity of Nice, for which he made many honours proffered by the latter /4/j(i/i/f, which whilelt he lived he forbore to accept ; but dead, took upon him the title of Sultan, making tita- polis his regal feat, in the year 1300 to which is to be referred the beginning of the Ottoman government. Who in thofe (even and twenty years that he reigned, annexed Bithynia, Cappadocia, and moft of thofe ftrong holds tliat border on the Euxine Sea to liis Kingdom. Him his fon Offtdwej fucceeded, who took the great City of Prujj, and honoured it with his refidence. Having much enlarged his dominions, he dyed in the two and thirtieth year of his reign, leligning his State to Amurath his fon. He upon the dilTention of the Greeks, iirft palled over the Straights into Europe, took Aby- dos and Calippolis with the whole CherJ'aHefus- Then entring further into Tbracia, liab- dued FhiUppolif 8c Adrianoplc ■> and proceeding conquered Sfrviu and £«/gjrii»,pa(reth into 3^ ^5 The WJlory of the Turki- ^ B. 1. into tlie upper Myfia : and ftabbtd by a common Souldier , in the one and thirtitth year ot his Kcigii, was faccetdcd by his Son Bajazet- He, pofllft of the grcateft part of 7/;r<;tf,l"uljducd a large part of Greece, with the Country of FhocU •, twice but vainly, bciiegiiig CoJifijuiinofU. Taken at kngth by tambcrlain., and carried about in an Iron Cage, lie defpcratcly brained hiui(c!f in the year 1 3^9. his Son CaUfine ( fomc fay ) lUceetdcd him , attributing unto him llx years of Government ; elltcmed by others but ai'abk ; who give the luce^nion to his voungcft Son hhhomet : the caulc ot this diverluy of opinions,procecding from the jHrkjfh Kingdom thus again lupprtiTed by the Tdrtjru The many Sans ot Bajazet., and other Mjhomctan Princes, poIFlO of fe- vcral ProvincLS,and driving with one another fur undivided Sovcraignty : by Maho- met at lengfh was obtained : who united again that dilinembrcd Empire : enlarging the fame with the acceflion oiVacij, Walachia-, the greater part of Sclavouia and Ma- cedonia, even unto the Ionian Sea. Who tranllated the leat ot his tlmpjrc from Prupt unto Adriample , where he died, having reigned ievcnicen years ; if the ianie be ac- counted from the death of his Father- His Son by the name of Amuratb the Second ruled ni his (lead ; who conqueied Epiruf-, JEtolia^ Attica, Bxotia, Achats, and Jbejfa- lor.icj. He left his State to Mahomet the Second ("after he had reigned eight and twenty years J vvhofcConquclti defervedly gave him the addition ot Great : having utterly ruinated the Greei^ tmpire , taken jjrom them Ceriiiantinople the Imperial City , the Empevour Coniiamiiu being trod to death by theprctsof people xnAdriamfleGite^ and therib) gained the Title of Emperour.He fubducd alfo the Empire of Irapcznndy ereftcd liierc by Akxim Comncnm , at fuch time as the Crtekj did lofe their European Empire to the Latimi. Moreover, Athent, Corinth, all Peloponneftts , Bnfna, Lemnot., Etibcea , MityUn, &c- and died not without fulpicion ot poyion , in the one and thirtieth year of his Empire. Bjjjze* the Second, his Son, having ended his Wars with his Brother, conquered all Ci/icij , a part of Armenia , with the re(^ of Cappadnciay which betore belonged to the CarwiJMJdM Kingdom. He invaded Syria-, but with worfe lucccCs ; and then converting his forces againft the Venetians, took trom them Naupadus, Methona, Vyrrachium-, and almoft depopulated Valmatia. But in the fix and ihiitieth year of his Reign , he was poyfoned by a Jetp , at the procurement of ■Selymuf his Son and Succeflbr ; (who, betides the civil Wars with his Father and Bre« thrcn) conquered all 5jcii and Egypt from the ruinated Mammahtckj , and brought Arabia under his fubjecftion. Atter, intending to invade the Chril^ians, he died of a mo(t loathfom difeale , when he had reigned eight years. His Son Solyman taketh 'Rhodes, at levcral times over-runneth Hungary : potfcfling himtelf of Budat Strigo- nium, alba rcgalit : difpofTtfleth the Ferfiani of iaurii : and joyneth Babylon, with the Countries of Media, Mefipotamia, and AJJytia, to his Empire- Arabia is rot free from his Conqueds i nor the Fortugals in India enough removed from the r^'ach of his ambition. He died in the fix and fortieth year ot his Reign. Selymus the Se- cond fuccetded , the only Son that he had left iinmurthcred : who won by his Lieutcnahts Q'/TW from the Fi'«eJ to uur Soveraign in a Letter writ lately, which I will inlcrt for the firangenels. Vnin the inojl glorious and niojl mighty King James, one of the Great Lords of the crcx- • tion of J cfus, and moli laudable amjtigji all the Princes of the Nations of Meffias, a Judge I of all debates and differences of the people of NaZarets, Poffcffor of the great Majcjiy, ( riches, and glory, a Judge of the moji great Kings of Enghn as the other on the left, who are called Silihtarfpjhds-, beaiirg yellow and white Pendants. The other difpeifed throughout the whole . Empire, do live upon their particular Tenements for term of life alligncd them i and thereupon fo called. It being the policy of his State to crcdt in the conquered Countries a number oiTimariots^ anfwerable to the greatnefs thereof; whereby the principal part of the Souldiery is provided for, and the Empire ftrengthcned,' Sme fa) both againft foreign invaficns and revolts of the fubdued. Of thefc, as they fay, there are a i\i(-jq ^je upward of feven hundred thoufand, every one being to find as many mllm. y^jfj; 35 iijs tarm doth double the yearly value cf fixty Sultjyna : ready to be commanded by their feveral Zanziach^ i as they by their B^ffas ■ thefc bear on their Lances white and red Pendants. But the^jwizjrit/ fa name that lignifieth new Souldiery^ at thofe that bear fuch great iway in Coijiantinopk : infomuch that the Sultans themfelves have been fometimes fubjcd to their infolencies. They are divided into feveral Companies, under feveral Captains; but all comman- ded by their Aga^, a place of high uuft, and the third in repute through the Empire : howbeit , their too much love is to him an afllired deltruction. Thcfe are the flower of the lurkifi} Infantry, by whom fuch wonderful Vidtories have been atchicved. They call the Emperour Father ("for none ether is there for them to depend on J to whofe valour and faith in the time of War he committeth his perfon ; they having their ftations about the FvOyal Pavillion. They ("erve with Har- quebu(hes, armed beiides with Cymitars and Hatchets. They wear on their heads a Bonnet of white Felt, with a lap hanging down behind to thtir flioulders ^ adorn- ed about the brows with a wreath of metal, guilt, and let with lloncs of fmall va- lue i having a kind of fheath or focket of the fame eredt^ed before, whe-rein fuch are futfered to ftick Plumes of Feathers as hive behaved themlelvcs extraordi(iary bravely. They tuck up the skirts of tlieir Coats when they fight or march : and carry certain days provihon ot Vidtuals about with them. Nor is it a cumber; it being no more than a fmall portion of F\ice, and a little Sugar and Honey. When the Emperour is not in the Field, tiic moH of them recide with him in the City ; ever at hand upon any occafion to fecure his perfon, and are as were the Prctorian Co- horts with the Komani. They are in number about forty thoufand : whereot the grea- ter part ( I mean of thofe that attend on the CourtJ have their being in three large Seraglios i where the Juniors do reverence their Seniors, and all obey their feveral Commanders ("as they their Aga) with much iilencc and humility. Many of fhcm that are married (a breach ot their iirl) inliitutionjliave their private dwellings: and thofe that are bulled in foreign employments, are for the moft part placed in fuch Garrilon Towns as do greatly concern the fafety of the Empire. Some are appointed to attend on Ainbaffadors : others to guard fueh particular Chrirtians as will be at the charge, both about the City, and in their Travels, from incivilities and violences, to whom they are in themklves mort faithful : wary and cruel ia preventing and revenging their dangers and injuries : and fo patient ia bearing abufes, that one of them of late being Ihucken by an Englilhman ("whofe humorous {waggeiring would permit hi:n never to review his Country^ as they travelled a- long LIB. r, the Turhjfh Forces. 3^' long through Morca, did not only not revenge it, nor abandon him to the pillage and oucragcs ot" others, in fo unknown and lavage a Country , but conduded him unto Zint in fafety, (aying,God lorbid that the villanyof another fliould make him betray tl'.e durge that was committed to i)is trull. They are all ot one Trade or other. The pay that they have trom the Grand Signior is but five Afpersa day : yet their elder Sons as foon as born are enrolled and received into pcnlion ■-, but his bounty cxtendtth no turthcr unto his progeny, (' the id\ reputed as naturaFTwri^/J : nor is a Janizary capable ot Other prttermcnts than the command of ten,off.yen[y , or of an hundred. They have yearly given them two Gowns apiece, the one of Violet Cloth, and th»othc.r ot Stammel > which they wear in the City : carrying in their hands a great tough Reed, iomefevcn toot long, and tipped with Silver, the weight whereof is not Icldom telt by fuch as difpleale them. Who arc indeed 16 awful, that ]u(\ice dare not proceed publickly againit them, Cthey being only to be judged by their Aga :) but being privately attached, are as privately thrown into the Sea in the night time. But then are they moll tumultuous, f whereto they do give the name of alic- ftion) upon the dangerous SicknclTes of their Emperours : and upon their deaths com- mit many outrages. Which is the caufe that the great BaJfasiS well as they can,do con- ceal it frotn them, until all things be provided lor the prefeutmcnt of the next for tiiem to falutc. Whereupon ( betides ttie prelent largetsj they have an Afper a day in- creale of penlion : fo that the longer they live, and the more Emperours they outlive ' the greater is tiieir allowance. But it is to becnnlidered, that all thcfe before-named, are not only of that tri- bute ot Children. For not a few of them are Captives taken in their childhood i with divers llenegadoes, that have molt wickedly quitted their Religion and Coun- try, to tight againli both: who arc to theChrillians the mofi terrible Ad verfaricsi And withal they have of late intringed their ancient Cultoms, by the admitting of thofe into thcfe orders, that are ncitiier the Sons nor Grand-ions of ChriAians : a natural T«ri;,born in Conjlantirtoplcy before never known, being now a Bajfaoi ihe Port. Over and above thefe, and befides the Auxiliary Ti»rfjrj, whereof there are liglit- ly thrcelcore thoutand (who live on Spoil, and fcrve without PayJ that are ever af- lilhnt •, the Grdad Signior hath other Forces whom they call Achingi, who have nothing but what they can get by forraging, being Hindes of the Country, and tied to terve on Horfeback for certain priviiedgcs that they hold, in number about thirty or forty thoufand, but fmall in value : as are the Azapi, who ferve on Foot Cyct properly belonging to the Gallics) better acquainted with the Spade than Sword i thruft forward with purpofe rather to weary, than to vanquifh the Ene- my i whofe dead bodies do fcrve ihc Janizaries to till up Ditches, and to mount the Walls of allaulted FortretTes: betides many Voluntaries, who toUow the Ar- my in hope to (iacceed the llain Spahds and Janizaries : Now nothing curious at fuch a time to receive thofe that be not the Sons of Chrillians into the Order. Such are the 7i whofe only repute conlills in their Valours ; and whofe defeats arc punitlicd in their Commanders as otfences : turnitlied with fuch abundance of great Ordnance (much whereof they calt according to their occalions, carrying with them the metal upon the backs of Camels ) will not only not wonder at their Vidtories, but rather how the relt of the yet unvanquifhcd World hath withltood them. I have heard a Prince fand he ot no iirull experience J impute thelundry over- throws ^iven them by a fmall number of Ciitiltians to the paucity of Comman- ders, and their want of experience, fotnc one S.tHziack^ having under his Con- dudl tive thoutand 7imariits, and he perhaps but newly crept out of the Sultans Seraglio, cxcrcifed only in fpeculativc Conflift?. So that theirnumbers prove often but cumbers i and the advantage lots, cncountred by the many expert Directors of few ■■, who arc alto tar better detenlively armed. Cut he that hath bounded the Sea, hath alto liniitcd their furies. And furely it is to be hoped, that their greatnefs is not only at the height, but near an extream precipitation : the body being grown too inonllrous tor the head , the 5«/tj«r unwarlike and nivcr accoiiipanyiiig their Ar- mies in perfon •, The Souldicr corrupted %vith cafe and liberty ■■, drowned in-prohibited Wine, enfeebled with :\vc continual converte- of Women i and generally lapled from their former aullcrity ot lite,ind timplicity ot nunners.Thcir Valours now meeting on E 2 ill 4t5 'The Tnrkj/h Forces, L I B. I. all fides with oppofition i having of late given nocncrcafe to their Dominions; and Empire fo got, when ir ceafeth to incrcalc, doth begin to diminifli. Laftly, in that it hath exceeded the pbfervcd period of a Tyranny, for fnch is their Empire. Now when they march, the Tartars do fcour the Country two days journey bdore : theii follow the Achhtgi '-, after them the Timariots V next thole few Jemoglans that be i next them the Janizaries j the Chaujls follow on Horfeback, (who cany Bows and Arrows belides their Maces and Cimytcrs:) then comes the. Sultan with the Officers of his Court, and Archers oi his Guard who are Footmen i the IVipendary Saphcii marching on cither lidc ot him. Au hundred Coaches covered with red, with tour Horfes a piece, arc drawn after, which cany the f/icog/ijwjf his Pages) and Eunuchs: about tflele the Jtmoglans called Ealtagits arc placed. The Carriages of the Army enfae ; followed by Voluntaries, who go in hope fasbeforefliidj to be entertained in the rooms of the llain \ with the Servants of the Saphcis in the Court, and certain Jamzaries-At-toglans LepzUrs and Vevygilcr J. The J stiizaries have Boots,Swords of Wood,and the like born before them for their Eniigns; and the royal Standard Is no other than a Horfe-^il tycd to the end of a Staff: which though leeming rude, and anfwerable to their ori- ginal, doth retain, perhaps fomtthing of Antiquity. For Homer iWckcth the like in the Creff of the jjallantly-armed (though not fo fpiritedj Parij. Capiti autctn ford gjicam affabrc faflam iinpofuit. "Thcnputs he oil a HeUn tvell n-rought andbrtve, Cr.ftatam ex fctis equinius : horribilis autem crifta p/„,„'^ ^,j,/, ^^^/t hairs that horribly did wave. dcfuper mutabat, . II. 1, 5. '^ As for their Forces at Sea, they arc but fmall fn comparifon of what they have been, and compared f thofe of particular ChrilVian Princes, but contemptible. Approved by the Florentine-, who with fix Ships only hath kept the bottom of the Straights for thefc three years paft in defpight of them: infomuch as they have not dared to ha- zard the Revenue of Egj^t by Sea. But have fent it over Land with a Guard ofSouldi- ers,to their no fmall trouble and expences : the whole Armado coming often in view, yet not fo hardy as to adventure the onfet. The Admiral having thought it a fafet courle to employ the Pirats of Tunis and Algiers in that fervice, who have many tall Ships (the fpoil of Chrift ian Merchants^ and warlikely appointed : now grown ex- pert in Navigation, and all kind of Sea-fights, by the wicked inftrudion of our fugi- tive Pirats, and other Reuegadocs. But thofe Pirats have no heart to fuch an enter- prifc, where'the Vidory would prove fo bloody, and the Booty fo worthlefs. The Navy Uiat is yearly (ct forth in the beginning of May, to annoy the Enemy, fiippreft Pirats, coHctft Tribute, and reform difurdcrs in the Maritine Towns that belong to the Admiralty i conlills of not above threefcore Gallics: which arc all that can be Ipared from their other places of employment. And that there be no more is faid ro proceed from the want of Captives, by reafon of their general Peace with the Chrifti- ans : for fuch, and fuch as are condemned for Offences, are only chained to the Oar, except the nccelfity be urgent. As for matter to build with, they want none : no more do they workmen : many excellent in that Art, and thofe Chriffians, being enticed tromall parts with liberal penfions to work in their Arfenals. The Captain Bajl[a (for (b is the Admiral called^ when not in fervice, hath his Refidence \nConflantim- ple and Gallifoli. A man in regard of his place, of principal repute ■" and command- u!g the Commanders o( Gallipoli-,Galata-,Lemms., Nicomedia-, Lesbos ■,Cbios-, Naxus-^Eti- bxa,Khjdes,Cjvalla.,Njuplia.,LepaHto.,Cyprus.,zndAlexaadrii. In October he rcturneth Ivom hii annual circuit : as he did now during our abode in theCity, and entred the Haven in triumph. The Gallies divided into fundry Squadrons, and tricked all in then galluitiy , rowing at their (ferns three or four little VelTels no bigger than Fifher- Boats. A ridiculous glory, and a prize to be afhamed of. But it was thought that the Cirand Signior would have given him but a bad welcome, that durlf not adventure with fueh ods of number on the becalmed Flortntines.Ximm^ the Winter the Armado IS di{perlld,and the Gillies are drawn into their dry (lations.ln which time the Pirats, both Chriliians and Mahometan, do rob on the JEgeatt and Mediterranean uncontroll- ed, but by the defenfivelhcngth of the afTailcd. Thus LIB. I. The Turkjflj Forces. ^t Thus is the Great T«r/;,rervcd by thofe whom he may advance without envy, and dcftroy without danger. Tlicbcfi of them living a wandring and unhappy life, re- moved from one Command to another i and to parts fo far diihnt, that otten more time is fpent in their journey than in their abode. The greatelt Commander, and in the llrength of his Command, fubmitting his neck unto the Executioners Bow- iliing, when feiit by the Tyrant with the tatal Box that incluJeth the CommilHon. Nor booteth it to refilHn hope of partakers, when one mans preferment is built on the delired overthrow ot another : being alfo, as is (aid before, without Kindred or Alliance.- fo that R.ebellions do but rarely happen. And althongli thele great Slaves attain to grejt Riches, yet are they (as it were) but the Collectors thereof for his trea- fure: whither at their deaths it returncth, all, favc what it pleafethhim tobdlowon their pofierity : vvho never are advanced to eminent place,it being a axuCc of the grea- ter neglcit to have had excellent Parents, as to them of mine to be beloved in their Governments. Nay, lb much the continuance of honours in families areavoided,that wheu a Bajfj is given ( for fo I may term it) to the Siltcr or Daughter of a SultJH for an Husband, the Children begotten on tiicm do mod rarely rife above the degree of a private Captain. But more feverc arc thefe Tyrants to their own, wlw lop all the Branches from the Bole ■■> the unnatural Brother folemniying his Fathers Funerals vvith the l^aughters of his Brothers. So fearful are they of rivalty, and lo damnably poli- tick i making all things lawful that they may fecurc the perpetuity of their Empire. Not now to letk in thofe precepts of Fhninm-, Scepters do lofe their ftvay when Kinv groro jufl : Sceprorum vis tota petit, fi pendere jufti Kefpcaj of homih, torvres tomb in ctftji. !"^'P'^ '■ =vcrtitque arces rcfpeftus honcfti. Free vtlUmes a hjted Ketgn ajjitre, Subla'u'H'"^ niodus gl.diis, facere omnia f*ve, AnJSn'ordjjiill drarvn '■ dire dteds do but featre Non impune licet nifi quum fads : exeat aula. Ihe Doer xphilji a doing- Courts jhttn they Qui »"!= rfle plus : vittus & fumma poteftas 7hjt ivould be (^„od. Virtue and fveraign fivsy. ^"[jl,™'""^' '^'"''" '"""" 1"'°' '"*^* P'"*^- Still jar. Still fear he vcboinfoul fails difmay. ' Lucan, I. 8. Yet they mourn ft)r thofe being dead, whom they murdered : honouring them vvith all dues of burial, and cultomary lamentations. Now if the Ottoman Line (hould tail, the Criw 7jrtjr is to fucceed (both being of one Family .- and of one Religion :) as the 1nrl{_-, the 'tartar i who hath at this day the elcd:ion of the Tarta- rian Empcrours i but with this limitation, that he is to be of one of the Sons of the dccealed. ^ Tlieir Moral and Eccleflaftical Laws, the lurks do receive fr^ Mahomet the Sa- racen Liw-giver : a man ot obfcure parentage, born in hrarip a Village of Arabia, in the year 551. His Father was a Pagan, his Mother a Jew both by birth and Religion. At the iirlt he cxerci(ed merchandife ■■, having by the marriage of his Miftrefs (not cflTeCted, as was thought, without witch-cratt^ attained to much riches : where- upon he became a Captain of certain voluntary Arabians that followed the Emperor Heraclius in his Perfian Wars. Who tailing into a mutiny, tor that they were denycd the Military Garment i and inccnting the reft of their Nation with the reproachful anfwer given them by the Treallirer, which was, That that ought not to be given unto Dogs, which was ordained tor the Roman Souldiers ; a part of tiicm chofe Ma- homet tor their Ring-leader, who had aggravated their difcontents, and coHtirmed thtm in their Rebellion. But being difdained by the better fort for the batenefs of his birth, to avoid enfuing contempt, he gave it out, that he attained not to that honour by military favour, but by divine appointment. That he was fent by God to give a new Law unto Mankind v and by force of Arms to reduce tlve world unto his obedience. That he was the lali of the Prophets, being greater than Chrilt, as Chtiti: was greater than Mofes. Two years together he lived in a Cave, not far diihnt trora Mecca\ where he compiled his damnable Dydtinc, by the help of one Sergius a Nejio- rian Monk, and Abdalla a Jew ; Ccontaining a hodge-podge of lundry Religions :) which he tii/teommunicated to his Wife, pertwading her that it was delivered him by the Angel Gabriel, who had cut open his iieart, and taken from thence the little black Core fwhich the lurks do athrm to be in the Iieart of every man J wherein the Devil doth plant his temptations; and iliewed him withall the joys and mydericsof Paradife. FJis new Religion by little and little he divulged in Mecca i countenanced by the powerful alliance which he had by his fundry Wives -. and followed by many of the Vulgar, allured with the liberty thereof, and delighted with, the novelty. E 3 But 42 Mahomet. LIB. 1. But the Nobles of Mecca going about to apprehend him, he fled to Medina-, not two days journey diftant: whither followed by a number, wicked ot life, and defpcrafe of fortunes, he waged a faccefsful War againlt the Syrians y planted his Religion amongft the vanquilhed : and after making himfelf Lord of Miccj, nude that the place of his relldence. where he died in the great Climaderical year of his age i ha- ving made them believe,that the third day after he would afcend into Heaven : where- upon he was kept above ground till the air was Infedlcd with liis lavour,and then buri- ed at Medina- Another promife he made concerning his return, which fliould have been a thoufand years after . which the Mahomaanj excule as mil Linder(tof«L by rcafonof his feeble voice, even then a dying i and that ht did fay two thouland : 1 which time they have prorogued their expectations. Mean of ftatuic lie was, and evil proportioned ; having ever a fcald head, which (as fome fay ) made him wear a white Shafli continually ; now worn by his Sectaries. Being much fubjedl to the Falling- fickncfs, he made them believe that it vvasa prophntital trance > and that then he converfed with the Angel Gabriel Having alfo taui^ht a Pigeon to feed at his ear, he affirmed it to be the Holy Gboft,which informed him in divine precepts. Not unlike to Numa's feigned familiarity w'lih Mgeria a.iii P'^fha^orashh Eagle i vvhofe policy perhaps he imitated ; whereby as they the Kom.*!ij and Crotomans i lo drew he the grofs Arabiam to a fuperftitious obedience, tor he had a lubtie wk, though vici- oufly employed i being naturally inclined to all villanies. Amongft the reft, (o infa- tiably leacherous, that he countenanced his incontinency with a Law : wherein he de- clared it, not only to be no crime to couple with whomfoever he liked, but an a(ft of high honour to the party, and infuling landity. Thus planted he his irreligious Re- ligion, being much aflilled by the iniquities of thofe times .• the Chriltian elUte then miferably divided by multitudes of Herefics. So that the difunity of the ProfeflTor?, made many to liifpe^ the profellion, and to embrace a Dodrine lo indulgent to their attentions. Which enlarging as t\\c Saracens and 7urki enlarged their Empires, doth at this day well-nigh over-run three parts of the earth \ of that I mean that hath civil Inhabitants. Yet are the Mahometans divided into thrccfcore and twelve Sedts, fprung from the two fountains. Of that named Imamia-, the Perfians are drunk i of the other called Lejiare-, the Syrians, Arabians, T«r/y, and Africans. The Alcoran, which containeth the fum of their Religion, is written in Arabiel^ Rhimc, without due proportion of numbers ; and niuft neither be written nor read by them in any other Language. Befides th; pofitive do-itrine, (to it felf contradidQ- ry) it is farced with fablw, Vilions, Legends, and Relations. Nor is it at this day the fame that was wdtten by Mahomet, Cakhough fo credited to'bc by the Vulgar; ) many things beingWwretly put in, and thrufi out i and fome of the repugnancies re- conciled by the fucceeding Caliphs- Mahomet the fecond is laid to have altered it much» and added much to it. This Book is held by them in no Ids veneration, than the Old Tcllament by the jews, and the New by the Chriftians. They never touch it with unwafti'd hands ; and a capital ciime it is, in the reading thereof to miltake a Letter, or difplacc the Accent. They kifs it,embraceit, and fwearby it : calling \t,1he Book, of Glory, anddirucior wtto Psradife. To ("peak a little of much ; they teach that God is only to be wotfhipped , only one, and the Creator of all; righteous, pitiful i in wifdom and power inconipreheniible. How God made man of ail forts and co- lours of earth > and being formed, for thoulands of years laid him a baking in the Sun, until he was pleafed to breathe lile into him. Then commanded lie all his An- gels to reverence him : which the Devil, at that time an Angel of light, refufed to do •, cxpolluiating why he (hould lo honour that Creature whom he knew would become fo polluted with all manner of ( by him particularized ) vices. That God therefore condemned the Devil to Hell i who ever ilnce hath continued an enemy to man. Idolatry they hold to be the moftaccurled of Crimes, and therefore they inter- didt alll mages and Counterfeits whatfoever-, reputing the Chriftians Idolaters, for that they have them in their Churches and Hoults: imagining alfo that we worfhip three Gods, as not apprehending the myrtery of the Trinity, They deny the Divinity of Chrift, yet confcfs him to be the Son of a Virgin : Mary conceiving by the fmell of a Role which was prsfented her by the Angel Gabriel , and that Ibe bare him at her Breafts. They hold him to be a greater Prophet than M)/«ji andthcGofpel better than the Law : infomuch as no Jerv can turn Turk^, until he firlt turn Chrillian,they forcing him to eat Hog5-flcfli,and calling him y4/)ri; tvhofe necellities are fupplied by the peoples devotions : who kifs their Garments as they pafs through the Streets, and bow to their benC': didions^ Yea, many by counterteiting the Ideot, have avoided punithment for ollenccs which they have unwittingly tallen into. Whilll the Byram lalleth you can- not Hi r abroad but you Ihall be prcfentcd by the Verviccs and Janizaries^w'nh Tulips and trifles, befprinkling you with fweet water ■■, nor ccafc to to do, till they have drawn reward trom you. The lurkj are incouraged to Alms by their Alcoran, as acceptable to God, and meritorious in it felf, if given without vain-glory, and of gpods well-gotten : al- ledging it to be a temptation of the Devils to abftain from Alms tor fear of im- poverifliment. Their more publick Alms confill in Sacririces ( if not fo wrongful- ly termed; upon their Fttlivals, or performance of Vows : when Sheep and Oxen are ilaiu LI B. I. T^{j6 Mahcmelan Keligio::, flain by the Prieft, and divided amoiigft the poor i the owners not To mudi as retain- iiig a part thereof. They fay, they givc;i and that they fhall be rewarded with Paradife, that do fpend their blood upon the enemies of their Religion, whom they call Shahides,\vhkh is Martyrs. For although they repute murder to be an execrable Crime, that crys to Heaven for vengeance, and is never forgiven ; yet are they coinmandcd by their law, to extend their profeflion by violence, and without compadion to (laughter their op- pofcrs. But they live with thcndclvcs in fuch exemplary concord, that during the time that I remained amongft them (it being above three quarters of a yearjl I never faw Mahnnctan offer violence to a Mahometan, nor break into 'ill language : but if fo they chance to do, a third will reprove him, with Fye Mnffcl-men, fail out ■' and all is appeafedi he that gives a blow, hath m.anygaflics made in' his flefh, and is led about for a terrour : but the man-flayer is delivered to the Kindred or Friends of the (lain, to be by them put to death witli ail cxquiflte tortilrc. Now their opinion of the end of the World,of Paradirc,and of Hell,exceed the va- nity of dreams, and all old Wives Fables. They fay that at the winding of a Horn,not only all fie(h fliall dye, but the Angels thcmlelvcs : and that the earth with Earth- quakes (hall be kneaded together like a lump of dough, for forty days fo continuing. Then (hall another blafr relfore beauty to the world, and life unto all that ever lived. Tile good fliall have fliining and glorified faces i but the bad.thc countenance of Dogs and Swine, and fuch like unclean Creatures. A/;/^/, C/;ri/f, and M<»/wwf/ (lull bring fhcirlevcral Followers to judgment, and intercede for them. Caiu tl)at did the ftrlt nmtdec ,s The Mahonntan Kelhiori. LIB.f. miucler fhall be tlie Ring-leader of the damned i who are to pafs over the Bridge of jullicc, laden with their lins in Satchels i where the great finner (hall fall on the one lidc into Hell i where they (hall condime in hre, and be renewed to new torments. Ytt God will have pity upon them in the endjand receive them unto mercy : and the Devil thall ccafe to be, lince his malice is fuch as he cannot be laved. I was told by a Sicilian Rcnegado, an Eunuch, and one greatly devoted to their Supcrriition,that ihe burning Globe of the Sun (tor fuch was his Philofophy^ was the Continent of the damned. Thole that tumble from the other lide of the Bridge are laden with Icls lins : and do but fall into Purgatory ; from whence they Ihall (hortly be rclcafcd, and received into ParadilL. But as tor the VVoinen, poor fouls I be they never lo good, tliey have the gates Ihut againit them : yet are conligncd to a maniion without,vvhcre they (hall live happily , as another replcat with all mifery for others. It is to be more than conjeftu- Tcd ■■> that Mjhnma grounded his devifed Paradifc, upon the Poets invention oi Elifi- urn. For thusTiW/wdefcribcth the one : Sf d me, quod facilis tenero futn fereper amori, Ipfa Venus campos ducec inElyfios. Hie chorci, caHtufcj; vigent : paffitDq-, vagantej. Dulce Ibnant tcnui gucture carmen aves. Fert cafiam non culra leges, totofque per agros Floret odoratis terra benigna Rofis. Ad juvenum (eries teneris itr.tnifta puellij Ludit : & afTidue pralia rnifcetamor. Blcgl.2. Eieg.l.??. For that my heart to loveftill eafity yields-, LoveJJjjll conduct nic to the Eliftanpdds. Ihere Songs and Dances revel : choice birds file From tree to tree, rvarhlingjlveet melody. 7 he n-ild Shrubs bring forth Cajfia : every rvhere Ihe bounteous foil doth fragrant Kofes bear. Ivuths interinixt xviih Maids difport at eafi, Incountring fiill in loves jWcet skjrmi/ljes. And Mahomet promifeth to the pofillTors of the other, magnificent Palaces fpread all over with Silk Carpcts,flowry KiLlds,3nd cryllalline Rivers i Trees of Gold Itill tlourilh- ing i pleating the eye with other goodly formsjand the talte with their truits i priino avull'o non deficit alter Aureus, & fimili frondcfcit virga aietallo. Virg. Mn.\.6. IVhich being pluckt-, to others place refigti, AndjFUl the rich trvigs with like metal Jhine. Under whofe fragrant (hades they (hall fpend the courle of their happy time with amorous Virgins, who (hall alone regard their particular Lovers : not fuch as have lived in this world i but created of purpofe i with great black eyes, and beautiful as the Hyacinth. They daily Jhall have their loli Virginities rcltorcd : ever young, Ccontinuing there, as iiere at fitteen,^and the men as at thirty J and ever free from natural pollutions. Boys ot divine feature (hall minifter unto them, and fet be- fore them all variety of delicate Viands. But Avicen that great Philolbpher and Phy- lician, who flourilhed about four hundred and fifty years imce, when MjhomctjniJ'm had not yet utterly extiiiguilhed all good literature i who was by linage an Arabian of a Royal Houfe, in Religion a Mahometan, but by Country and Habitation a 5/>j- Miard, and Prince (as fome write ) of Corduba, teacheth a fjr diti'erent Dodlrine. For ^hhou^his 3 Mahometan, '\n h\s Books Ve AniinaSind'De Almahad, addrelfed parti- cularly to a Afj/jowcfjHPrince, he CJitollcth Mi/wwer highly, as being* the /t':^/ of di- vine Laws, and the Liji of the Prophets i excullng his fenfual felicities in the life to come, as meerly Allegoiieil, and necetTanly lifted to rude and vulgar capacities : f tor faith hf, it the points of Religion wire taught in their true form to the ig- norant dull Jeirs, or to the wild Arabiam. einployed altogether about their Camels > they would utterly fall oli from all Ix-licf in God :) yet befides that this cxcutc is lb favourable and l3rgc,that it may extend as well unto all Idolaters, and in brief to tJie (ufiifying of the abllirdtlt crrours, it is a point of Doilrine fo contrary to his own opinion, as nothing can be more- For .^^ictrMhimtelf, in the aforcfaid Books, doth efteem to vilely ot the body, that he pronounceth bodily pleafures to be fallc and bafe i and that the touls being in the body is contrary to true beatitude : where- upon he denieth alfo the Rcfurrccftion of the fle(h. Yet in favour, as hath been fajd of Mahomet, f who by (enfual Doctrine fought to have the rude world to lollow himj he not only by his Allegorical conltruction approveth the Dodrinc of the Refurte- dtion ot the body, wherein the Jenvs and Mahometans confent with the ChrijHans;\>\xt uiihal the trantmigration of touls trom one body into another, fby which means Mjhomet devifed how a Came^ might pafs through the eye of a Needle > the (but of a tinner for purgation cntring hrii into the body of a Camel, then of a Icfler Beaft, and tinally.of a little Worm whjch Ihould creep through the eye of a Needle > and ^o be- come LIB. I. The Mahomelan Keligiott, ^f come pcrfcd : ) and laftly, not once reprovcth that impious laying of Mahomet, 7 hat God hiinfilf at the Kefiirrcdim fliould alfo have a budy., m doubts to enjoy tbuji frveet j'e>ifnd felul'.ies, though all jiich opinions are difcUimed by him : but con- trariwife Ki>iOvetIi the Dodtiinc ot the Chiiftians touching Spiritual HappincO, and ibat fayiiig of our Saviour, thai, Ibe Sjiuts in the rvorld to come fl)jU he as Angels ( yet proftflcth the lame to be true) as being rveak^and ill fitted to vulgar under}ljnding. Soflrangely may wife men be btfottcd with fadjion, toexcufe and commend the teaching of abfurd crrours even by themfelves condemned, and to lay an afperfion upon the purity of Divine Dodrine, in that unrit to be fo communi- cated to the ignorant : as if Truth were to make her lelf to pkalc bcdial Igno- rance, and Ignorance not rather to be enlightened by degrees, and drawn up to behold the Trutli. But now this Aviccn-, laying down for a while his outward perfon of a Mahometan^ and putting on the habit of a Piiilofophcr i in his Mctaphyficks "^'"^ 9- feemeth to make a flat oppofition between the truth of their Faith received from "f'^'"^' their Prophet, and the truth of undtrdanding by demonlhative argument : And faith in trieil, that this Law and Prophecy delivered by Mjhomet, which taught that God himlcif at the RefurrciflioH fliould hivc a body, placeth the happinefs of the life to come in bodily delights. But wife Theologians, faitii he, have with grea- ter deiire purliied fpiritual pleafures proper to the foul ; and for this corporal feli- city, although it fliould be befiowed upon them, would not cfleem it incomparifon of the other, whereby the mind is conjoined to the hrft truth, which is God. And here Ik- never mcntioneth that lirained excufe of an Allegory ■, but with jull indigna- tion and fome acerbity of fpecch,dete(lcth that grofs opinion broached in their Law, which plactth the predominance of everlalling felicity in the bafenels of fenfuality, and in that low voluptuoufnefs; and faith that a prudent and underiianding man, may not think that all delight is like the delight of an Afs ; and that the Angels who are next to the Lord of the rvurlds, fliould live deprived of all pleafure and joy,and that he who is the higheft in beauty and virtue, fliould confUl in the lall and lovveit degree of fwavity. And therefore coneludeth, that neither in excellency, nor in per- fttftion, nor yet in multitude, nor in any thing prailc-worthy or to be dciircd in pleafure, there is any comparifon between thofe felicities : and though bafe fouls be addlded to that bafe felicity, yet the worthy defires of holy minds are far removed from that difpodtioni and contrarivvife being joined to their perfedtion Cwhich is God ) are iilled with all true and happy delights ; and if that the contra- ry peifwafion or afledtion fliould be remaining in them, it would hurt and wirh-hold them from attainuig unto that height ot happinefs. This being his better advifed and more lincere difcour{e,it utterly excludes his former excufe of an Allegory, whofe light u(c, being by plain and Icnlible allulions to draw up the underflanding to an apprehenlion of divine tilings, reprelcnted in thofe limilitudes: the courfe held by hhhoma woiketh a clean contrary etiedi and drowneth their underflanding part and arfedtion in the hope and love of thefe corporal pleafures. Whereby it is true, that he greatly enlarged his own earthly Dominion j but by this judgment even of Avicen, with-held his Followers from the true felicity. And it is worthy observation, that in the judgment of Avictu, one thing is true in their faith, and the contrary in pure and demonltrati vc reafon. Whereas (to the honour of Chriflian Religion be it fpokenj Is confeflfed by all, and enadfcd by a Council, that it is an errour to fay, One thing is true in Theology, and in Philolophy the contrary. For the truths of Religi- on are many times above reafon, but never againlt it. So that we may now conclude, that the Mahometan Religion being derived trom a perfon in life fo wicked, fo world- ly his projcdts, in his perfecutions of them fo difloyal, treacherous, and cruel, being grounded upon bafe and talle revelations, repugnant to found reafon, and that vvif- dom v^hich the divine hand liatii imprinted in his Works; alluring men with thofe iiichaiitmenti of Heflily pleafure:;, permitted in this lite, and promifed for the life en- (uing i being alfo fupported with tyranny and the Sword (t'oi it is death to fpeak there againfl ir.J and Lilly, where it is planted rooting out all virtue, all wiidom and fciencc, and in fam, all liberty and civility, and laying the earth lb wafle, dif- peOpled and un-inhabited i that neither it came from God ( favc as a leourge by permiffionj neither can bring them to God tiiat folfow it. Ebbiihecbcr., Omar, Ozman, and Ualy, followed Mahomet in tlic Government ; the great eniarger of their Religion and Dominions: but Htly was perlecutcd, and flaiii in the end by the other, for afTumJng tiierigbt of fucceflion, in that he had married the Daughter of their Prophet, k-ium lum the Ptr/i^w> dt^ challenge pri- 48 Of the Turhjjh Prieji-hood. L I B. I. priority of Government in matters of Religion, the main caufe of the hatred between them and the lurks) alledging moreover, that the former three, to confirm their authorities, did faUly add to the Alcoran, and put out what they lifted i andinliich fort falfified, lett it to their Followers. Then fucccedcd the Caliphs ot Babylon-, who bore both the fpiritual and temporal jurifdidlion. After the E^ptians fet up a Caliph . of their own. But in procefsof time they were both fupprefled » the one (as hath 1 been faid before^ by the "lartxrs-, and the other by the Sultans. The dignity amongd " the lurks with much abatement, doth now remain in the M»/iii/,( which name doth llgnirie an Oracle, or anfwer of doubts ) as fuccelTors to Ebubccher^ Omar., and Oz.- man : The Caliphs having been both High-Priells, and Princes, thefe being Patri- archs, as it were, and Soveraigns of their Religion. Throughout the whole T«r/;j/& Territories there is but one i who ever recideth in the Royal Cityi or follows the perfon of the Emperour. He is equal to the ancient Popes i or rather greater both in repute and authority. The Grand Signior doth x\ie^t his approach to falute him, and lets him by him, and gives him much reverence. His life is only free from the Svvordi and his fortunes inoft rarely fubjcdt to the lubvcrfion. The Emperour undcrtaketh no high deHgn without his approvement. He hath power to reverfe both his fen- rence, and the fentcnce of the Vivan, if they be not adjudged by him conformable to the Alcoran i but his own is irrevocable. In matters of dirticulty they repair to him; and his Expolition ftandtth for a Law. To conclude, he is the fupream Judge, and reftificr ot all anions, as well Civil as Ecclefia'ftical i and an approver of the Juftice of the military. The place is given by the Gr) Chancellor, thcCOTrcalurer in the Bjffa.""* fame room keeping his Court ) where all CaufcS whatfoever that are heard, within bRuaiJ. the (pace of three days arc determined i the Grand Vizier BjJJj being Prefident '"*• of the reft. But Bribery not known until lately ainongll them, hath (6 corrupted their c^/'fi/^^ integrity , that thofc Caufes ( if they bear luch a colour of right) do (cidom mifcariy where gifts are the Advocates , yet this is the bell of the wotli , that thty quickly know their fuccefles. But many times when the opprelled lubjecft can have no Jufiice, they will in Troops attend the coming forth of theEmpcrour, by burning ftraw on their heads or holding up Torclxs, provoke his regard: who brought unto him by his Mutes, doth receive their Petition -■, which oftentimes turns to the ruine of fome of thole great ones. For affurances of Purchafcs they have no Indentures , no Fines and Recoveries. The omitting ot a word cannot trufirate their Efiates, nor quirks of Law prev.il jgiir.ft conleience. Ail that they have to fliew, is a little Schedule , called a Hodgct or Sigil-, only manitefting the polTeffion of the Seller, as his of whom he bought it, or from whom it delcLiided unto him , which under- written by the Cadic ot the place, doth trulhatc all after-claims whatfoever. Now the punilhmcnts for offenders be either pecuniary or corporal. To impofe the former, they, will forge all the flandersthat they can , to eat upon thclefs circumfpecflChrillians : but the other arelcldom unjuHly inflided. Their forms of putting to death, ( bclidesfuch as are common elfewh.reO and impaling upon ftakcs,ganching(whichisto be let fall from on high upon Hooks, and there to hang until they die by the anguifli of thefc wounds, or more milcrablc famine ) and another invented ( but now not here ufedj to the terrour of mankind by fome devillifli Perillns, who defervcd to have hrll tailed of nis own invention, viz- they twitch the offender about the wafte with a Towel , jliforcing him to draw up his breath by often pricking him in the body , until they havedrawn him within thecompafs ofa fpan , then tying ithard, theycut him olfiu the middle, and fcf ting the body on a hot plate of Copper, which fearcth the veins, they fo up- prop him during their cruel pleafurc ; who not only retaineth hisfenle, but the faculties of difcourfe , until he be taking down, and then departeth in an in- llant. But little faults are chaliiled by blows, received on the folcs of the feet with a Baltinado, by hundreds at a time, according to the quality of the mildemeanour. A terrible pain that extendeth to all the parts of the body : yet have I leen them taken for money. The Malier alio in this Ibit doth corredt his Slaves but Parents their Children with Ihipcs on the belly. The Saubafljic is as the Conlhble of a City both to fearch out and puniHi offences. It remaincth now that we fpeakof thepcrlbns of theT«r/y, their dilpofitions, manners, and falhions. They be generally well compledtioncd, of good llatures,and full bodies , proportionably eompadied. They nourilh no hair about them , but a lock on the crown, and on their faces only i elieeming it more cleanly, and to be the better prepared for their fuperlhtious wafliings. But their beards they wear at full length, the mark of theii ailedled gravity , and token of freedom , ( for Slaves have theirs (haven) infomuch that they will (coff at fuch Chriftians as cut , or naturally want thein , asif (iifKring tliemfelves tobc abufed againft nature. All of them wear on their heads white Shalhcs and Turbants, the badge ot their Religion: as is the told- mgofthe one, and (izeof the other, of their vocations and quality. Shalhes are long Towels of Calico wond about their heads : Turbants are made like great Globes, of Calico ioo,aud thwarted withroulsofthelame, having little copped Caps , on the top, of green or red Velvet, being only worn by pcrfonsot ranki and heihegreat- cli, that weareth the greateft , the A/w/« it/ excepted , which over-llzeth the Emperors. And although many Orders have particular ornaments appointed for their heads, yet wear they thefc proinifcuoully. It is an cfpecial favour in theTwc/;,, to futfer the Chillhan tributary Princes, and their chiefell Nobles to wear white heads in the City > but in them , what better than an Apoftolical inlinuation ? But to begin Irom the skin : the ne.x't that they wear isa Smock of Calico, withamplc (leeves, tnuch longer than their arms : under this, a pair of Calfoun's of the fame, which reach to their amcles, the lelt naked, and going in yellow or red Clip-ihooeS , picked at the Toe , and f plate<^ ] §d Of the Tuirhj, their Manners, (^c. LIB. L plated on the fole : over all they wear an half-flecved Coat girt unto them with a Towel ; their neck all bare ; and this within doors is their Summer- accoutrement. Over al! when they go abroad they wear Gowns, feme with wide half fleevcs (which more particularly belong to ihe Grecians) others with long hangin^ fleeves, buttoned before : and a third fort worn by the meaner fort , reaching but a little below the knee, with lunging flctvcs not much longer than the arm, and oj-.n before ; but all of them ungathcrcd in the flioulderf. In the Winter they add to ne former Calfodnj of Cloth, which about the fmall of their leg are fewcd to fliort fir ooth buskins of lea- ther without folcs, tit for the fa(jt,asa Glove tor the hand : liniiig their Gowns with Fur, as they do tluir Coats j having then the fleeves for quiked Walle-coats uiider them) reaching dole to their wrifts. Thty wear noGlov,.s. At their Girdks they wear long Hankcrchcrs,fenic ofthcin adniirable for v^ii'.it and workmanlhip. They never alter tiieir faliiions: not greatly didering in the great and vulgar more than in the richntfs. Cloth of Tiiruc , of Gold and Silver- velvet, Scarlet, Sattin, Damask, Chamokts, lined with Sables and other collly Furs, and with Martins, SquerrilSjFoxes, and Coney-skin5, are worn according to their fcveral qualities. But the common wear is Violet-cloth : they retain the old Worlds culiom in giving change of garments ; which they may aptly do, when one Veil Htteth all men, and is if every mans tafliion. The Clergy go much in green, it being Mahomcts colour > and his Kirifmen in green Shalhes, who are called Emerj., which is, Lords : the Women alio wear lomcthing of green on their heads to be known. There lives not a race of ill-favoureder people , branded perhaps by God for the fin of their feducing Ancellor , and their own wick- ed afTiinjing of hereditary holinefs. But if a Chrillian out of ignorance wear green, hefhall have his cloaths torn from his back , and perhaps be well bea- ten. They carry no Weapors about them in the City i oily they thruft under their Girdles great crooked Knives of a Dagger-like flze , in (heathesof metal i the hafts and fhcathes of many being fet with ftones , and fome of them worth five hundred Sultanies. They bear their bodies upright , of a llately gate, and elated countenance. In their familiar falutations they lay their hands on their bofoms , and a little decline their bodies : but when they falute a perfon of great rank , they bow almofi to the ground , and kifs the htm of his garment. The ornaments of their heads they never put off upon any occalion. Some of them perfume their beards with Amber and the infides of their Turbants : and all of them aiFedt clean- linefs fo Religioully , that bcildes their cufiomary lotions, and daily frequenting of the BajtfiiM t they never fomuch as make water, but they waftiboth their hands and privities : at which buiinefs they fcqiieltcr themlelvcs , and couch to the earth j reviling the Chriftian whom they fee pilfing againfla wall, and Ibmetimes (hiking him. This they do, to prevent that any part of either excrement ihould touch their garments, clicemingit a pollution, and hindring the acceptation of prayer, who then are to be moll pure both in heart and habit. So flothful they be , that they never walk up and down for recreation , nor ufe any other exercife but (hooting : wherein they take as little pains as may be , fitting on Carpets in the (hadow , and fending their Slaves for their Arrows. They al(b (hoot again(\ earthen walls, ever kept moid in Shops and private Houfes for that purpofe. Handing not above fix paces from the Mark, and that with (uch violence, that the Arrow pafTes not fel- dom thorow : nay , I have fccn their Arrows fliot by our AmbalTadour thorough Targets otStcel, piccesofBrafs of two inches thick,and thorough wood, with an Ar- row headed with wood, of eight inches. Their Bows are for form and length , not unlike the Lath of a large Crof-bow, made of the Horns of Burtoloes, intermixed with fincws, of admirable workmanfhip, and fome of them cxquifitely gilded. Although there be WrelUers among them , yet they be fuch as do it to delight the people, and do make it their proftflion , as do thofe that walk upon Ropes, where- in the l^urks are mo(\ expert i going about when they have done , to every parti- cular Spedlatoi for his voluntary benevolence. Of Cards and Dice they are happily ignorant i but at Chefs they will play all the daylong, a fpott that agrceth well with their fedcntary vacancy i wherein notwithllanding they avoid the dilhoncft hazard of money. The better fort take great delight m their Horfes, which are beau- tiful to the eye , and well ridden for fervice i but quickly jaded , if held to a good round trot ffor amble they do not ) in an indifferent journey. But th; Turkj do rot lightly ride fo fafl as to put them unto either. Their Saddles Be hard and deep, though not great, plated behind and before, and fome of them with ill ver,as arc theii; rcafTicStiitups, and the reins of their Bridles, fiiited unto their collly Caparifons When' LIB. I. Of the Tmh^s^iheif Manners^ 'd. ^i when thty Hand in the Stable they feed them for the moft part, if not altogether, with Barley i being here ct (mall value, and only ferving for that purpofe. They litter them in their own dung , hri\ dryed in the Sun, and pulveratcd , which keeps their skins elcan, imooth,and fliining. The 7iirkj do greatly reverence their Parents, ( fo commanded to do by their Law ) as the Interiour his Superiour, and the young the aged, readily giving the Pri- ority to whom it belongcth , the left hand as they go in the Ihcets preferred before .the right, in that made Malkts thereby of the Sword of the other, end the chiefeti plate the farthcH trom the wall , who live together, as if all of a brother-hood. Yet give they no entertainment unto one another, nor come there any into their hou- les but upon fpecial occafion , and thofe but into the publick parts thereof > their Women being never feen but by iheNurfesand Eunuchs which attend on them. Yea lb jealous they are , that tiieir Sons, when they come to growth, are feparated from thtm. As their Houlcsarc mean, fo are their Furnitures : having nothing on the jnlide but bare white walls , unlefs it be fome fpecial Room in the houfe of Ibme of high Quality. Bjt the Roofs of many of them are curioufly feeled with inlaid Wood, adorned with Gold and Azure of an exttflivecoltlinefsi the greater part of the floor, and that a little advanced , being covered with 7«i-]l^iL' Carpets , whereon when they tread, they do put off their llip-fliooes. Many ot their rooms have great out-windows , where they lit on Cufliions in the heat of the day. They lye upon Mattrefles, fomeof lllk, lortieftaincd linen , with Bolllers of the fame i and Quilts that are (uitable , but much in tiieir Cloaths, the caulc perhaps that they arcfoloufie. Nor fhame they thereat: many you fhall fee fit publickly a louling « them in the Sun , and thofe no mean perfons. They have neither Tables nor Stools in their Houfes , bat fit crol-leg'd on the floor at their Vidtuals , all in a Ring. Indead of a Cloth, they have a skin fpread before them, but the better fort fie about a round Board , Handing on a foot not pafi half a foot high , and brim'd like a Charger. The difnes have feet like ftanding Bowls , and are lb let one upon another , that you may cat of each without removing of any. Their molt or- dinary food is PiZ/jip, that is, Rice which hath been lod with the fat of Mutton- Pottage they ufe of fundry kinds. Eggs fryed in Honey, Tanlics, C or lomething like them; Paflies of fundry ingredients : the little flelh which they eat is cut into gob- bets, and either fod , or roaited in a Furnace. But I think there is more in London Ipcnt in one day than in this City in twenty. Filh they have in indifferent quantity. But the commons do commonly feed on Herbs , Fruits , Roots , Onions, Garlick, a bcallly kind of unprelLd Cheeic that lieth in \ lump , hodg-podges made of flowre Milk and Honey, &c. (b that they live for little or nothing, confidering their fare, and the plenty of all things. They are waittd upon by theirSlaves, given them. Or purchaled with their Swords or Money : of theleto have many it is accounted for great riches. When one hath fed fufHeiently he rifeth , and another taketh his room, and io continue to do until all be fatistied. They eat three times a day ; but when they feall they fit all the day long , unlefs thty rife to exonerate nature , and forthwith return again. They abliain trom Hogs-fltfli, from Blood , and from wha hath dyed of it lelf, unlels in cales of necefllty. Their ufual drink is pure water, ye* have they fundry Sherbets, ( lo they call the Conledtions which they infufe into it) fomemade ot Sugar and Lemmons, (bmc of Violets, and the like, whereof fome are mixed with Amber ) which the richer fort dilfol ve thereinto. The Honey of Sio is excellent for that purpolc: and they make another of the Juycc of Raifins , of little coil, and moll ufually drunk off. Wine is prohibited them by their Alcoran: thty plant none, they buy none: but now to that liberty they are grown (the natural lurk^ excepted ) they that will quatf freely when they come to a houfe of a Chiillian : infotnuch as 1 have leen but few go away unled from the EtxibafTidouts Table. Yet the feared dilbrders that might enluc thereof, have been an occafion that divers times all the Wine in the City hath been Itaycd ( except in Embaffadours houfes ) and death hath been made the penalty unto fuch as prcfijmed to bring any in. They prefer our Beer above all other Drinks. And confidering that Wine is forbidden, that water is with the rawed (tfpecially in this Clime) the dearnels of Sherbets, and pkiity of Barky ( being lure (old not for above nine pence a Bulhcl) go doubt but it would prove infinitely profitable to fuch as Ihould bring in the ulc thereof amongft them. Although they be detlitute of Taverns , yet have they their fiotla-houfes , which fomething rticmble them. There fit they chatting moll of the- day > and fip of a drink called Cofli (of the Berry that ismadc ot ) in littla F i China' n 5^ Of the Turk/i '^•'^'^ Uanners^ ^c. LIB. I* Chhm Dittos, as hot as they can fiifler it : black as foot , and tafling not much unlike it ( wliy not that black broth which was in ufe annongrt the Licccknunnns ? ) which hclpeth, as they fay, digeAion, and procureth alacrity : many ot the Cofla-mcn, keep- ing beautiful Boys, who fervc as Stales to procure them Qillonitrs. Thi'Turkj are alio incredible takers of Opium, whereof the lefTcr^^j aflfordeth them plenty , carry- ing it about them both in Peace and War i which, they fay , cxpcllcth all tear, and makes them couragious : but I rather think giddy-headed , and turbulent dreamers , by them , as fliould ftem by what hath been laid , religioully artcdcd. And perhaps for the lelf fame caulc they alio delight in Tobacco : which they take thorow Reeds that have joyned unto them great heads of wood to contain if. I doubt not but lately taught them, as brought them by the Eftglijh : and were it not (bmetimcs lookt into rfor Murat Bajfa not long lince commanded a pipe to be thrurt thorow the note ofaTari^, and fo to be led in dcrilion thorow the City ; no quellion but it would prove a principal Commodity. Neverthelefs they will take it in corners, and are fo ignorant therein , that that which in E?j^/j«j f/j/fi/ chcal>eiJ. fcjrch them, and make proof, U ji equoi mt rcantur ap? rtos Ujl a cood (hjpc, prol't by a Under hoaf, I? ^^'?,"'' "^^' ^a '"' "' '■*l'^.'^^/''" , . Chedt him th^t fljiiul n mt-circumfpcaly buy Far that Jhorthcadidi brojd-jjirejd^ cnjUd high. piorem inducjt hianttm Quod pulchra dunes, btrve quod cjput,ardua cervi::. Hoi.Serm i.Sat.i. So, "lo a^tre you of deceitful wares they fhcrv All that they fell i nor hoali they of the hefl, Nord hide the bad-,hut both give to the tcji- •—quod mercetn fine furij gertat ap«rte Quod venalc hafact oHendit, ncc fi quid honefti eftj Jadat, habetquc palam, quark quo turpia cclct. Idem. even to the fcarch of her mouth, and afTurancc (if fo flic be faid to bejof herVirginity, Their Martcrs may he with thtaj,chafli(c them, exchange and fell them at their plea- fure. But a Chriliian will not lightly fell her whom he hath lyen with , but give her her liberty. It' any of their Slaves will become Mahometans , they are difcharged of their bondage i but if a Slave be a T«rj!;, he only is tiie bLttcr inlreated. TheJnrkj do ufe their boud-iiieii with little Itfs ri.fpcdt than their Wives , and make no dirte- rence between the Children begotten of the one or the other : who live together with- out jealoulie, it being allowed by their irreligious Religion ; notwithftanding their Wives do only receive, as proper unto them, ti'.eit Sabbaths benevolence. The old and the moll deformed are pur to the molt drudgery. The men-Jlaves may compel their Maiters before the Cadie , to limit tiie time of their bondage, or fet a price of their redemption, or elfe tolell them unto another i but whether of the two , they lightly xefer to the Slaves election. If they be only fit tor labour, they will accept of the time , but it skilfull in any crafr, of the price : vvhich expired or paid , they may return into their Countries. But Gaily- llaves are leldomrcleafed, in regard of their Ihiall num- ber, and much imployment which they have for them : nor thofe that are Slaves unto great ones, to whom the O^if/ authority extends not. Many of the Children that the Twri^/ do buy ( for their Markets do afford of all ages ) theycalfrate, making all fmooth as the back of the hand, (wherecf divers do dye in the cutting ) who fupply the ufcs of nature with a lilver Qu,ill , which they wear in their Turbants. In times palt, they only did but geld them ; but being admitted to the free converfe of their Women, it was obferved by fome , that they more than befittingly delighted in their Societies : For according to the Satyre. With feeble Eunuchs fome delighted are : Kiffes jlill fnft. Onus that of beards dejpair : Who needfuTce no abortmentt' Sunt quos Eunuchi imbelles & raollia fempet Ofcula delcftant, & dcfperatio barbs, Et quod abortivo non eft opus. Jw. Sat. 6. But others (ay, that Selymm the Second, having feen' a Gelding cover a Mare, brought in among them that inhumane cuftom. The firft that ever made Eunuch, was SemiramU. Tliey are here in great repute with their Mailers , trulfed with their Ibtes, the government of their women and houfes in their abfence, having for the moll part been approved faithful, wife, and couragiousi intomuchas not a few of them iiave come to fit at the Item of State , ( the lecond Vifter of t|ie Port being now an tunuchjand others to the government of Armies. But now fpeak we of their tuncrals. At'tcr their death , the men by the men, and the women by the women are laid out in the midll of the room. When divers of their Prieds do affemble, and having pertorrncd certain idle Ceremonies, (as in wrap- ping their Beads about it, and in the often turning it , invoking God to have mercy on the departed) they wafli it, fliave it, and fluowd it in linen, which they have un- litd both at hand and feet. Then lay they the Corfc on a Bier, placing a Turbant at the upper end, and carry it to the Grave, with the head forward : IbmcoftheDfm- /"cj going before with Tapers, the PrielUJnging after, and laftly his friends and ac- quaintance. But perfons of principal quality have their horfes led before them, with Enfigns trailed on the earth, and other Rites of that nature, divers of the Santons go- ing before, naming of God, and fluking of their heads , and turning about until they fall down giddy. The fides and bottom of the grave are boaidcd, and a board laid over the Corfe to keep the earth from it, leaving a fufticient compats to kneel in. For they are of opinion, that two terrible Angels called MoM^ir ind Gudtquir , do pre- fently repair unto the grave , and put the foul again into the body , as it (faith the A'coran t is6 . Of the Turhj^ their Manfjers^C^c. LIB.!. Alcoran) a man ihould put on a fliirf, and raifing him on his knees , with his head uncovered, (the winding-rtieet being left unknit tor that purpofcj denaand of him in particular how he hath behaved himfclf in this life : which if not well, the one firikcs him on the head with a hammer nine fathoms into the earth , the other tearing him with an Iron hook i andfo continue to torment him until the day of Judgment. A Purgatory fo feared, that in their Matins they petition God to deliver them froiii theexaminationsof the Black Angels, the tortures of the grave, and their evil jour- Hey. But it he have fatisried them in his reply, they vanifh away, and two white An- gels come in their places , the one laying his arm under his head, the other fitting at his feet, and'lbprotedt him until Dooms day. The Empt tours, and fome of the great BjJJiis ( whereof we have fpokcn (ufficiently before J have their particular hhufulattns. Thofc of a fecond condition are buried in their Gardens in Sepulchres without covers , hllcd within above the cover with earth , and fct with varieties of flowers , according to the cullom oi ihe Fythjgoreans , and univerfal wifhes of the Ethitickj-, Dii majorum umVis tenuem & fine pondere terrain ^-^ ^^^,j, y y^ ^,^ ,;_,^ -^ y ,;_,^-^ ^^^^ y^^^ Soirancefqac crocos, & in urna perpetuum tui. f /» r a i r • -i ,i-ii r .t opiranccujuc^v.^ ) r r Frejh fragrjitt flaxvers^Ut Jpnng-tide jtiU live there, they being (as they thought) fenfible of burdens, and delighted with favours, or with the honour therein done them. But the common fort arc buried by the high-way {ides, and Helds of molt frequency , adjoyning to the City, having a ftone of white Marble more than a foot broad, four feet high, ingraven with Turlqfh Charaders, ere- cted at the head, and another at the feet, the grave between lying Hke a Trough. To thelc the Women flock every Tlmrfjjy in multitudes , weeping over their Children-, Husbands, Kinsfolks, and dead Progenitors i often kifljng the Itones, and praying fa« their delivery from the aforefaid black tortures : many times leaving bread and mea.: on their graves (a cuftom alio of the Fagans) for Dogs and Birds to devour, as well a.- to relieve the poor, being held an available alms for the decealed. The better ibtt do mourn in white (as for black, I never iaw it worn by a 1iti\) and but for a little fea- fon. And the Women are not to marry by ^heir Law, until four months and ten days after the deaths of their Husbands. To fpeak a word or two of their Sciences and Trades : fonr>e of them have fome little knowledge in Philofophy. Necertity hath taught themPhyilck, rather had from experience than the grounds of Art. In Allronomy they have fome iniight, and many there are that undertake to tell Fortunes. Thefe frequently fit in the Ihccts of the City , rcfortcd unto by fuch as are to take a journey, or go about any bufincfs ot impoitance. Thiy have a good gift in Poetry , wherein they chant their Amours in the Plt/?j?j Tongue to vileMulick , yet are they forbidden fo to do by their Law, Gicterns , Harps , and Recorders beirg their principal Inftruments. But their loud Inllruments do ratHer aHright than Jelight the hearing. On i. time the Grand Signior was perfwaded to hear fome choice Itaiian Muikk; but the foolilh Mu- ficians ( whole wit lay only in the ends of their fingers J fpent lo much time in unfcafonable tuning , that he commanded them to avoid , belike erteeming the reft to be anfwerable. They fkidy not Rhetorick , as fufficiently therein inftru(Sed by "Nature i nor Loaick, fince it fervcs as well to delude as inform , and that wif- dom (according ttrthc opinion of the Epicures^ may be comprehended in plain and dircd exprellions. Some there be amongft them that write Hirtories , but few read them, thinking that none can write of times paft truly , fince none dare write the truth of the prclent. Printing they rcjctft , perhaps tor fear left the univerfa- lity of learning liiould (iibvert their falfe grounded Religion and Policy, which is better preferved by an ignorant obedience : moreover, a number that live by wri- ting, fliould be undone, who are, for the moft part, of the Priefthood. TheTw- kj/h Tongue is lofty in found , but poor of it felf in fubftance : for being origi- nally the Tartarian , who were needy ignorant Paftors , they were conftrained to borrow their terms of State and Office from the Ptrfiam , ( upon whofe mines they ereftcd their greatnefsj of Religion ("being formerly Pj^jwxj from ihzAtabi- atts ^ as they did of the Maritime names Ctogether with their skillj from the Greeks and Italianj. In Natalia it is moft generally fpoken. They ufe (as the Perfiam) the Ara' iic)^ Charadter. In writing they leave out the Vowels, unlefs it be in the end of a word, fo that much is contrived in a little room. They curioully fleek their Paper, which is thick, muchof it being coloured and dappeled like Chamblets, done by a trick they have LIB. I. SnltaH Achnict. t^j have in dipping it in the water. They have Painters araongft thcm,exquifitc in their kind, (for they are not to draw by their Law , nor to have the figure of any thing living ) yet now many privately begin to infringe that Precept ; and the Grand Sig- nior himlelf hath a Fan, whereon tiie Battels of Hitngjry are painted. Colours alio they have, no lefs fair than durable. Every one hath lome Trade or other, not fo much as the Grand Signior excepted. Their Trades are lightly fuch as fcrve for their own ufes , neither much fupplying foreign Marts , nor frequenting them. A lazy people that work but by fits, and more cUeem of their cafe, than their profit , yet arc thty exccflive covetous. Ai;d although theyiiavc not the wit to deceive (forthey be grofs-headed ; yet have they the will , breaking ail compa andfbtne, when the old breaks out , make new holes dole 58 Suit an Achmt. LIB. \. dole to the broken. Yea the Standard-bearers of this crue , fhrufl the (laves fome- tiines of their Standards thorow the skin and fat of their bellies, relHng ihc lower end on a Stirrup ot Leather, and fo bear them thorow the City. Fifty Mutes he hath bom deaf and dumb, whertot (omc few be his daily Companions, the rdl are his Pages. It is a wonderful thing to fee how readily they can apprehend and relate by Cgns , even matters of great dirticulty. Not to fpeak of the multitude of Eunuchs , the foot-men cf his Guard, Cooks, Sherbet-men (who make the fortfaid Beverage) Gardeners, and Horfe-keepers : we now will treat of his Women i whefein wd will include thofe as well without as within \\\sSeTjgli»- And Hrll begin we with his Virgius, of whom there are fcldom fo few as five hundrv;d , kept in a Seraglio by thtmfelvc.s, and attended on only by Women, and Eunuchs. They all of them are his Slaves , either taken in the Wars, or from their Chrittian Parents, and are indeed the choiceO Beauties of the Empire. They are rot to be prefentcd to the Emperonr , until certain months be expired after their entrance , in which time they are purged and dieted , according to the cuftom of the ancient Pcrftans. When it is his plealure to have one , they ihnd ranckt in a Gallery , and Ihe prepared tor his Bed, to whom he giveth his Handkcrcher ; who is delivered to the aforefaid Agj of the Women ( a Negro Eunuch ) and condudVed by him into the Suhan J Seraglio. She that beareth him the hrft Son, is honoured with the title oi Sultana' But for all his multitude of Women , he hath yet begot- ten but two Sons and three Daughters , though he be that way un(atiably given , ( perhaps the caufe that he hath (b few ) and uleth all forts of food that may en- able performance. He cannot make a free Woman his Concubine, nor have to do with her whom he hath freed, unlefs he do marry her. This was well known to the wickedly wittcd Roxolana : who pretending devotion , and defirous for the health , forfooth, of her Soul to ercdl a Temple , with an Hofpital i imparting her mind to the M«/ti, was told by him, that it Would not be acceptable to God , if built by a Bond- woman. Whereupon ihc^iutoffa habit of a counterfeit forrow i which poflTelt the doting Solymau withluch a compaffion, that he forthwith gave her her freedom, that file might putfue her intention. But having after a while lent for her by an Eunuch, (he cunningly exculed her not coming, as touched in confciencc with the unlawfulnels of the fa their Husbands, xht Sultan faying thus. Here 1 Sijicr-, I give thee this man to thyfljve-, tozethe r tvith thii Dagger , that if be pleafe thee not thuu mayflkjll him. Their Husbands come not unto ciMU||^uil they be called: if but tor Ipeech only, their fliooes which they put off I^The door, are there furtered to remain : but if to lye with them , they ate laid over the Bed by - an Eunuch* a llgn for them to approach ■■, who creep in unto them at the Beds feet. Muliapha and Hadir ( two of the VifierJ of the Port ) have married this Stiltant Siller and Niece, ^nA Mahomet hajfa of Cairo-, his Daughter : a Child of llx years old , and he about titty , having had Prelcnts fent him according to the Jurkijh So- lemnities , who give two hundred thoufand Sultanies in Dowry. Not much in habit do the Women ot the Seraglio diHer from other , but that the favourite wears the ornament of her head more high, ajidot a particular fafliion , of beaten gold, and inchated with Gems , from the top whereof there hangeth a Veil that reachtth to her Ankles : the relt have their Bonnets more dcpte-ffed , yet rich, with thtir hair ditheveled. when the Sultan entertaincth Embafladours , he titteth in a Pvoom of white Marble 7 gliliring with Gold and Stones , upon a low Throncj fpr.ad with curious' Carpets, L I B. I. • Suit an Achmet. 5 ^ Caipcts, and accommodated with Cufhions of admirabli: workmanfhip-, the BaffM of the Bcncli being by, who Ihnd like lo many Statues without fpccch or motion. It is now a cuUom that none do come into his pakncc without prcicnts : hiCx lallncd upon his Baffiif 1 as thty fay, by a Pirjl.ni EmbafTidour ; who thereupon lent word to the Sophy his Mafitr , that had conquered Turkic- The (Irank^cr that ap-. proachcth him is led between two: a cuiiom obfcrved ever lince the hrU Amurutb wai il.iin by the Strvutt Cobditz, a common Souldier , who in the overthrow of CcJjl'VJ , riling trom anionglt the dead bodies, and reeling with his wounds, made towards the Suit an-, then taking a view of the tlain, as if he had lomething to lay : by whom ad- mitted to fiJeeeh , he forthwith Ihb'd him with a Dagger hid under his CalTuck fot thai purpole. They go backward from him, and n^ vcr pul! oftthcir hats, the (hawing of the head being held by tht lufk^ to be an opprobrious indecency. Now when he gocth abroad , which is lightly every other Friday ( bcfides at other times , upon other occalions ) unto tiic Mofquei and when in Hate, there is not in the World to be (een a greater {'pelade ot humane glory, and if ( fo I may fpeak ) of fublimated manhood, tor although, as hjth been faid, the Temple of SanUu Soph'u, which he molt ufualiv frequcnteth, is not above a Itoncs caft from the out-molt Gate- of the Se- TJglio, yet h th he not 16 few as a thouland Horfe ( b.lides the Archers of his Guard and other Footmen jin that lhortprocellion:the way on each lidc inclofed as well with- in as without, with Cj/ijgii J and Jjjzizjrit'/ , in their Scarlet Gowns and particular Head- ornaments. The Cbimfcj tide foremolt with their gilded Maces , then the Ca- ptains ot the yj«izjr«/ with thax A^a , next the Chieftains of the Spachii:s-,^i\ct them the SanziikJ : thole of the Souldiery wearing in the fronts of their Bonnets thc feathersoftheBird otParadile, brought out of ^r.f^ij , and by feme cllccmed the Phoenix Then follow the Bajfis and Bcgkrbcgs.) atter them the Pri'torian Footmen, called the S >ljcchl, whereof theie be in number three hundred. Thcfe are attired in Cilloun'; and Smocks of Calico , wearing no more over them than half-fleeved Coats ofCrimlon Damask, their Skirts tuckt under their Girdles, having Plumes of Feathers in the ti p ot their copped Bonnets , bearing Qiiivers at their backs, with Bows ready bent in their left hands, and Arrows in their right , gliding along with a marvellous celerity. Alter them leven or nine goodly Horfes arc led, having Caparifons and Trap- pings of inelhmable value, followed by the idolized Sultan gallantly mounted. About whom they run forty Pfici!;;, ( focal led , in that they are natural ?e);/;««/) in high- crowned brimlefs Caps of beaten gold, with Coats of Cloth of gold girt to them with a Girdle called C/'ocfcij/:7.- the Pages following in the Rear, and other Officers of the Houfhold. But what moff deferveth admiration amongff fb great a concourfeof people, is their general lilence : infbmuch as had you but only ears , you might lup- polc C cxc-pt when they lalute him with a,fliort and foft murmur ) that men were then folded in lleep, and the World in midnight. Ke that brings him good news Ca; unto others of inferiour condition ) receiveth his reward , which they call MmiIo- look^- But this S«/tj«, to avoid abufes in that kind, doth forthwith coinmit them to Prifon, until their reports be found true or falfc , and then rewards or puniflieth accordingly. Although he fpends nioli of his time with his Women , yet fciinetimes he recreates himlclf in Hawknig : who for that purpole hath (I dare not lumc) how many thoufandFaulkncrs in pention,difper(ed thoroughout his Dominions, and ma- ny of them ever attendant. Their long-winged Hawks they whilUc not oH" as wc do i but putting a bridle about their necks, they make them couch to their fills , and (o galloping to the Brook, fling them otf at the Fowl , being reared fuddenly by the noileof aDrum that hangs at their Pummels, by ufe made cunning in that kind of preying. They carry them on the right hand. A hardy Hawk is highly eileemcd ■■, and they have a kind of them called Spjhani ■, niuch lels than a Faulcon , yet lb Orangely couragious , that nothing llyeth in the Air that they will not bind with. They alio hawk at the field , for i have fcen thetii carry Spaniels with them , yet thole in beauty not like nnro ours, but of a baltard generation. They feed their Hawks with hard Eggs when flelli is wanting , and feldoin bellow of them the mew- ing. The old World, as is thought, was ignorant of this Iport : beingrarely, if nicn- tiouahby any ancient Author-, lo that laid by fome to have been invented by Fr.v/t;- ric]>^ Bjtbarnffji, during the time that he beleaguered Komc wixh his Army. Bat this Diliich of Martial doth confute that opniion. 7hs 6o Of the Greciani. « L I B. L l'r*do fuit volucrum, fjmu'us nunc jucups idem "thi thief of fowl-, the fotvlers thief usnr makes Decipit,& captas non fibi moerei aves. IJcr mone,that Jhe fowl for another tjl^e^ Although he aftdts not Hunting , yet he entertains a number of Huntlinen. Tlicir Dogs they let gooutof Shipsinpuifuit of the Wolf, the Stag, theEorc, the Leopard, 8cc. Thofe that (crvc for that purpofe arc ftickle haired , and not unlike the Irijh Gray-hounds. Now tile yearly Revenue wliich he hath to defray his excefllvc dibburfements, Tuch a world of people dependinguponhim, amounts not to above rifttti; millions of ^«/- /j/?if/,Cbt tides the entcrtainmentforhisTiwiiritffjJ which is no great matter, conli, dering the amplitude of iiis Donunions, being pollelt ol two Empires , above twenty Kingdoms, belides divers rich and populous Cities i together with tiie Red , mofl ot the Mid-land, the JEgeat^ Etixiue, and Proponticl^ Seas. But it may be imputed to the barbarous waits ol the lurkjjh Conquefis, who depopulate whole Countries, and never re-cdiHe what they ruine. So that a great part of his Empire is but thinly inhabited, f I except the CitiesJ and that for the moft part by Chriltians, whofc poverty is their onlyfitcty and piottdrefs. But his cafual incoincs do give a main acccilion to his Treafuiy s as7axts,Cuftoms,Spoils, and Extortions. For as in the Sea the greater liflies do feed on the lefs, fo do the Great ones here on'their infcriours, and lie on them all: being, as aforefaid, the Commander of their lives, and general Heir of their fub- fiances. He hath divers Mines of Gold and Silver within his Dominion : that o(Sil- derocapfa in Macedon having b^-cn as beneficial unto him as the largeft City of his Em- pire, called anciently Chryfuei : and not unknown to Philip the Father of Alexander y. who had the gold from thence wherewith he coyned his Philips, as alio from thor^ of C>j«i^iT, from whence he yearly extraAed a thoufand Talents. He hath only two lbrtsofCoyn,thc5«/*j«ieand A^er. The Sultanie is equal in value to the Venice Zecceene, and Cxfcore Ajpers amount to a Sultanie, called rather AjJI>ro, of the whitencls thereof, in that coniillingoffilver. Confiantinople is faid to contain feven hundred thoufand perfons : half of them lurks, and the other half Jetpj and CjE7r>/fMMJ , and thofe for the general, Grecians. But Pera hath three Chrijlians for one Mahometan : for no jFiw dwells in Pera, though they have their (hops there. We omit to fpeak of thcjervs, until we come into Jewry-, and now will bend our difcourfe to the Grecians : a Nation no lefs feattered than they, but infinitely more populous. For not only three parts ot the Inhabitants of all Greece and Komania are Grecians , but almoft all that dwell in the Illands of the Mid-land Sea, Propuniiiznd Jhgeum. Infinite nutnbers there are of them both in the Lels and the Greater Afa, and in Africa not a few. For ( belides divers Colonies by them for- merly planted) when Antipater, Perdica!-,Seleucus-, Lyfimachus, Antigunns, Ptolomy, and the reli of the Succeflbis of Alexander had (harcd his Empire among them , they en- deavoured as much as they could to plant his new-got Kingdoms with iheir Counfry- nien, whofe poRcrity in that part remaineth to this day, (though vafTaled to the often changes of foreign Governours;) fupplied by the extention of the latter Grfei^Empire who yet retain wherefbcver they live, their Name, their Religion, and particular Lan- guage. A Nation once fo excellent, that their precepts and examples do ttill remain as approved Canons todiied the mind that endeavoureth virtue. Admirable in Arts, and glorious ill Arms i famous for Government , affedors of freedom , everyway noble : and to whom the rell of the World were reputed Barbarians. But now their knowledge is converted, asl may fay , into affciftor, Alipies. Brought with himftlf: Sooth-fjyer, a Fbyftciait, Augur Scliofnobatc!, Mcdicus, Magui 5 omnia novit Nlagicijn-, Rhetorician, Ge M, and jp/a- tarch's Sympofiackj : the rirft named dying at fuch a Banquet, in the lour-lcore and. one year ot his age, and on the feventh of November., which was alfo his birth day. And although the Grffjli/ do now for the m.olt part imitate the T«r/y, (I mean here intHrkje) m fitting at their meat, yet retain they Itill that vice otimmoderate drink- ing. They pledge one another in order, and he that calls tor Wine out of his turn,- is reputed uncivil. Their Glaffcs are little, but at every draught emptied, and when they have once drunk hard, they obferve no rule, but provoke one another to ex- ctfs. Never filent, and ever aud anon kifllng thofe that fit next them on the cheeli and fore-head i and lb likewife they do in their (alutations after a long abfcnce, and 10 thofe to whom they would give an aiTurance ot their good will. Ufcd of long, as appeareth by the Scriptures amongft thele Ealiern Nations. But to kils their women isanunfufferablewrong, unlefs it be between the Reliirredion and Afcenfioni ufing alfo this greeting, that, Onr Saviour is rifn- The women for the moll part are brown of complexion, but exceedingly well favoured and exgeflively amorous. Their gar- ments differ little from theirs amongft whom they live i yet have they in P^ra this particular tafliion. + They cover not their faces (the Virgins exceptcdj unlefs it be with painting, ufing all the fupplcment of a fophifticate beauty, and not without caule •> for when they grow old, they grow moft contemptible, being put to do the drudgery of the houfe, and many times to wait on their Children. They are.coflly in their attire, and will complain to the Patriarch, if their husbands maintain them not according to their fublhnces. ThcGrcfJ^J, astheTwrj^r, do ufe little houfliould-ftuflfj and lye upon Mattrcffes. I need not to fpeak of the excellency of their Primitive language, excellent in re- gard of the Philofophy & liberal Sciences, together with the Divinity delivered there- in, and excellent in it felf, torihe lofty lound, figuiticant exprclHons, and genuine fuavity , for which it grew in I'o much rcqueliamonglt ihc Roman Dames, that they generally ufed it in their Coyrt- whereof the Satyrc thus exclameth, NaiTi quid fancidiuf, qaam quod fe non puree ullj Formolani, nifi qui de Thufca Gricula fafta c(l : Hoc lennonc pavent : hoc iram, gjudia, curas, Hoc cunfta effundunt animi recrcta, Quid ultra /' None be n-ith their orvn beauties rvell apaid, If uf a Ihiifcan mt a Grecian made. gr(fs\ in Grctkjhey fear, fret, joy dephn: In Creek^all their fonts fecrets vent » Jf'bjt more ? h LIB. I. Of the GrecijfJS. In Greel^they couph. "thli to girls allow. Grec]\jct ufeynu, tvhom eighty fixyejrs bow^ Even unto death ? In th^ld 'tu iitipHcIencey As oft M that light jpecc!/ incites the fenfe \ My life, rnyfuul. 6^ Concumbunt Grxce. Dones tatnen ilia pueilis Tunc etiam, quam fextuj & oftogelTimus annuus PuIfitadhucGrxcc? Noo eft hie rcrtno pudicus In vecula, quocics larcivium intcrvcnic illud, Zwii >{} 4wX''' /"v. Sat. 6, Thii fiiuri behtigetb tothefor-_ met page line ^S.biit couUnot be there placed. But now the CrectMts thcmfclves (except fome few) are ignorant therein, it being called the Latim Gr«^ianci is a language peculiar to the Itarned. Yet the vulgar Greet doth not dirfcr fo tar from the fame, as the Italian from the Latine i corrupted not fo much by the mixture of other tongues, as through a fupine rctchleliiefs. In fome pla- ces they fpeak It more purely than in others. For the boys of Per j will laugh, when they hear the more barbarous dialed ot' other MaritinieGrecfjwx. And there be yet of the Lacoiiians that Ipcak fo good Grci\ t though not graminaticallyj that they un- dcrftand the learned, and tindertbnd not the vulgar. Their Liturgy is read in the an- cient Grtei^, with not mutii more prolit perhaps to the rude people, than thcLati»e Service of the Romilh Church to the illiterate I'apifts. They have four Patriarchs, oncoi ConliantiTioplc, another oi AlcxaaJria, the third of Jerttfalem, and the fourth oi Antioch. He oi Conjiantinoplc hath under his jurifdicti- on all Pcli>p>n>nfiff;CyeciaShraciaJ)acij-,M£fiai Macedonia, EpirUf^Alhania^Valmatia, Jil/)'rij,a great part of Volonia-, Kujfia-, th^Illands of the^^rij/ic/;,Sea,and of the^rc/;i- pelagHf, with Candy., Khodes^tooJ, almolnill the lelTer Afia, Colchii-, not a few that inha- bit about the Fenns of Mxetii, and Northern fliorc of Ettximu, as Sicilia and Calabria were, until they turned to the See ot Ro*fie. Under the Patriarch oi Alexandria ate thole ot Egypt and Arabia. The Grcekj of Palejiiiie., and of the Countries thereabout, do obey the Patriarch oijerufalcm- And he o'l Ant inch, wlio hath his (eat in Damafcm (ioi Antiochia is now delnlate ) hath tubjedl unto him the Grecijw/ of thelctTer^rwe- Mi.j, Cilicia, Beritm, trifoly, Aleppo^ and other places of the greater Afia. In all thete parts thty haviithe free cxercife of their Religion, with publick Temples, and numbers of Ihong Monalleries. It a Patriarch dye, another is elected by a Synod of Eifliops. But the Patriarch of Conjfantinople hath the fupremacy of the red afligned him by the Council ot Chalccdon, as Metropolitan of the Imperial City, whole Dioccfs cxceed- tth the other fo much, in that moll of thofe Northern Nations were won toChri- iiianity by the induliiy ot his predeceflbrs, and reduced to their government. So if we do coiifider it, the Grecian Religion both in extent and number exccedeth the Ko- mau. And as the Papifis'at triUite an extraordinary holinets to Kerne, fo do the Greeks unioAthns, a Mountain of Macedonia y fo named oi Athon the fon of Neptnnc, G 2 dcckt <5j Of the Grecians. LI B. I. deckc with ftill flourifliing Trees, and abounding with Fountains-, called alfo, The Holy Mountain by the Chrirtians. A place from the beginning dedicated to Religi- on : lying dirtdtly Well from Lcmnos-, and fo high^ that though it be ftvcn hundred furlongs didanf, yet it is faid a little before the letting of the Siui to caft a (hadow on thatlfland. Whereupon the proverb : /thos ccUt latera Lcmniac bovis, Aj^irlng Athos hides Ihc Lcmnian Heifers fides. This firetchcth out into the Sea, and joins unto the Continent by znljihmoszhoMtd. mile and half broad •. which was cut thorow by Accwj (as hath been intimated be- t'orej and made circum-navigable. But time hath left now no imprellions of his bar- barous labour. It is well nigh three days journey in length, confidej:ing the difficult/ of the way, and a half day over. The top thereof rtfembicth the form of a man. llretched on his back from Weft unto Ealti and formed (according to Strabo) to the limilitude of /l/fxJH«/fr. This Mountain is only inhabited by Grecww Monks, whom they call Co/oiL')w, un- intermixed with theLaityi of whom there are there reliding not fo few as fix thoufand, that live in Monaftcrics ftrongly munited againll tht incurfions of Robbers and Pirats. Of thefe there be in number twenty four. The Coloieros wear Gowns of black, of a homely ftufT, with Hoods of the fame i and the hair at full length. They never marry, abftain from fiefli, and often (cfpecially during their Lents) fromFifli that hath blood in it. They live hardly, feeding oa Bisket, Onions, Olives, Herbs, and fuch Fi(h as they take in the adjoining Seas. For they all of them labour for their (iirienance, leaving their Monafteries betimes in the morning i and imploying theday, fome in Tillage, fomein the Vineyards," Ibme in making of Boats, iomc in hfliing-, others at home, Spin, Weave, Sew, and do all the offices that belong unto women j fo that none but are bulied about one thing or ano- ther, to the behoof of their particular Covents. And men they#e that are only race: for fuch drudgeries/ For amongll fo many, not part three or four can write or read throughout a whole Monaffery ; infomuch that at their Liturgies, that is read to them hril, which they are to fing after. In thefe Monafteries many excellent manufcripts have been prcferved i but thole that now are, beonly of Divinity, all other learning (as amongft the Iwkj) is at this day detefted by the Religious. The Coloieros of this place have a repute above all others i and for their ftridtnefs of lifci and obfervancy of ceremonies, are in their feveral Monafteries relieved from leveral Nations. The Patri- arch oiConJiantinople is faid to pay yearly to the Grand Signior-, for the Priefts and Co- loieros that arc under his jurildidtion, within the Itirk'jh dominions, twelve thoufand Sitltjnies. The Patriarchs of Con^antim^le were heretofore men of fingular gravity and learning, but now nothing letsi rather chofen for temporal refpctits , than either for their knowledge or devotion: admitted not feldom to the place at the age of forty, though prohibited if under thretlcore, by an ancient Canon. Although ele- ded by thdr ownBifliops, yet are tiny often appointed, and ever to be allowed by the Grand Signior s frequently difplanted, and banifhed unto Hbodes by the bri- bery of their fucceffors- Some few of their Priefts are learned. For them it is bw- ful to tnarry : but bigamy is forbidden them, and trigamy detelkd in the Laity. There are no other Orders amongft them, bdfides the aforefaid Coloieros, and certain Nunns, whom they call Coloi\:ros. Yet of the laft, but a few, who are tor the moll part poor old Widows, that exercifc themfi-lvcs in fweeping of the Churches, at- tending on the lick, and adlions of like nature: TheirChurches are many of them well fet forth a«d painted with the reprefents of Saints i but they have no carved not imboffed Images. Lamps they have continually burning. Their ordinary Li- turgy is Saint Chryfojfom^s ■, but on fefiival days they do read Saint BjfU^s, and then are attired in their Pontificals. Their behaviour therein exprcffgth, to myun- dcrftanding, no great either decency or devotion. They adminiller the Eucha- rift in both kinds: if the bread be not leavened, they think it not available, and they drink of the Cup very liberally. One Article they hold againft theCatholick Creed i which is, that the Holy Ghofl proceedeth only from the Father. Four Lents they have in the year, and then a damnable iin it is to eat tlelh, or fifli that hath blood in it (except in the Lent before Kaftcr, when all forts of hlh may be eaten by the Laity but fhell-H(h they eat, and the Cuttle, whole blood, if I may fotcrm it, is hkelnki a delicate food, and in great requeft. They fall on Wed- • ncfdays, LIB f. Of the Grecians. ^^ . nefdays, Fridays, and on holy eves i but on Saturdays tliey fcafi, iu regard tliat it wuri the old Sabbath. Thty compute the year as we do. Thiy yield no fupremacy to the Rywj« Papacy, but hold thatChuifch for lehifmatical. And although many times out ot" the necelfity of their aflairs, and to purchafe relief, thty have treated of a' re- conciliation : and fomttimcs it hath been by their Agents concluded : yet what they have done, huh been gmeraiiy Ti.jtiiied upon tkir return, both by the Gm/!;/, and (hole other Nations that protefs their Religion. Ot their marriages I have elfc- whercl'poken, and novv conclude we will with their Funerals i wherein they retain not a few ot their ancient and liuthen ceremonies. Of old the nearcll in love or kin- dred laid their mouths unto tikirs, te> receive their lall breath, and clofed the eyes of the dying. Hn bndy (bcTs) ffln imbracd: and difnuid, fociorque amplcftpleftirarsrnis, Bttn>cen his lipj, her eUavingfjul coitvaid Hairentemquc animam non tri(1isin era maritj And n-itb h:r dear hand doi'd hy, fightUfs eyes. sfal'i'sUv'f" ^"' '"'"'"' '^"'"" Being dead, tiiey waflied their bodies with fweet Oyls, crowned them with garlands ' of Flowers, and clothed them (as they now doj in their richelt apparel , tor tear faitii the Icotia Lttcian, that they (hould take cold by the way, or be feen naked bv Cerbcriu; decking tluir houCs with branches ot Cyprefsi a Tree deft ina ted to the dead-, in that once being cut, it never lefiourifheth. So laying them upon their backs on bed?, they conveyed them unto the tuneial pile (as now unto the Grave) on Biers: but their lamentations are the tame that they were, and beyond all civillity. The women betimes in the morning do meet at appointed places, and then cry out mainlyv beatingof their bretts, tearing their hair, their faces and garments: And that the clamour may be the greater, they hire certain Jiwijh women Who CrcciaH Tvoes vfail with f sin" dfiety-, fifla pietate dolores And at (not their ojpm) funerals do cry. Mygdoniofque colunt, ft non fua funcra ploran:, that have lowdcfi voices, joining therewith the psaifes of the dead, from the hour of his Nativity, unto the hour of his dilToIutiou v and keeping time with the melan- cholick mufick. The manner of their latnentings of old may appear by this ironical perfonating of the Father following the exequies of hisSon,introduded by Lucian : O my fweet Son! thou art loji^theu art dead-, dead before thy day^ 'indbjii Uft me behind of men the moft miferable. Not experienced in the fleafures of a IVife-, the ctmifort of Children, Warfare, Husbandry i not attained to maturity. Henceforth, my Suit, thou Jhalt not eat, nor love, nor be drunks amongli thy equals. And although thcfc Ethnick la- mentations reproved in the Scripture were prohibited by the Athenian Law-giver, the Civil Law, and laftly by the rf«erw«J within their Gra)!;, jurifdidlion i yet iiill the Grecians do ufe them. Nor want they tiore ot fpecitators i partly drawn hither to de- light their eyes, and partly by jcaloulie. For then the choice and prime women of the City (if thedeceafed wereofnote) do aflill their obfequies, with bofomsdilplaid, and their hair dithcvelcd i glad that they have theoccalion to manifell their beautits,which at oih.T times is feduded from admirers. The ancient G§eeks wont to cut their locks and cover the coarfe therewith before they committed it to the fire : as in the Funeral oiFatroclm. HJf corf's irith curls they covered, ^*P'"i«'utenifotummortuiini tegcbantquosinjiciebant Shorn from each mourning Princes head. Tondentc f/om. II. jj. When Achilles, Apart the pile cuts hh long yellow hiir^ Scans foorfum a pyra tlavamabfciait comam, « 1o Spereius vorred uton h'a home repair. ^"" ^perchio tluvio nutriebat florcfctntcm. ^othle for that Ine.erfl,allreturn Sd^rrprbl^'t^S^'''^'^'""^"''" ■Jo my lov a joil, 1 give thefe to be horn Sic fatus comam in manibm dilcfli focii f,y dear Vatrochu tn the dead. Ihiffaiil, Pofuif In hn friends hand he his fair t njfes laid. ^^""• And lycurgiif in that of his (ijiis, His locks cropt he, andtherenith did k^read Cifariem ferro minuit, fcftifquc jacirntc 'there as he lay-i the pale face of the dead. Obnubuit tenuis ora comis. StMtiui Theb I. 6. G 3 They 66 Of the Grecians. LIB. t. They burnt with the body, if of principal regard, rich odours, Apparel, herds of Cat- tel flocks of Sheep, Horfes, Hounds, and fometimcs the ConcubiiKS and Slaves whom they moft rcfpedtcd, to fupply their wants, to ferve their delights, and attend upon them in the lower (hades. And Achilla i Duodecim etiam Troianoru magnanimorii filios fortes tcrro maftavit ; mala autetn mentc meaitabatur opera; Ii que ignij roljur projecit ferrcum, ut depafcantur. Horn. II. I. 23. T'rvclve "trojan youths of hopiful fortitude i All highH?orn,fIuc '■> tvithfavugc thought endud : And gave for food to the Iron force of Fire. 1 But to end with P.jpfwi;// his defcription of thaf funeral fire, wherein the body of ^r- chcmoruf was confumed, and appertaining folemnities. .—-Non unquim opulentior illo Ante cinis? crepitant gemma: atque immane li- qucfcic AreentLm fc piais exudat venibusaurum. Nee r.on Aflyriis pineuefomt robora fuccis, Pallemiquc croco iindcnt ardent^a mella, Spumamefque mere patera verguntur & atr. Saneuhiii fe rapti grati(f.ma cymbia la«is. Tunc fcpteoi numcro ti-aias (cenrenus ubique Sureit c ^ues) verfis ducunt infignibuj ipfi Graiug.raRegeJ, luftrantqueex more fin.ftro. Orbe rogum, & ftantes inclinant pulvere flammasj Ter curvos egere fmus, illifaque teli» Telafonant, quater horrendum pepulerefragorc Arma quater mollero fimulani brachia planftum i Semianimis alur pecudes, fpiranua & ignis Accipit armenta, &c. Slat. Theb. 1. 6. Never were ajhes rvith more xvealth repleat \ Gems crackle-, Silver melt J, Gold drops with heaty Embroidered Robes confttmc. Ol^s fatned by 7he juice of jrveet AjJyria/tGuttis-, flame high. Fir^d Honey and pale Saffmn hifs,full hotels Of JVine ponrd on i and gMbets (gladding fouls) Ofblack^hlood^andjnatcht milk^The Greek^Kingsthctt With guidons trailed on earth, led forth their men Jn jcven Bands ', an hundred in each Band, IVbo girt the pile, and move to the left hands Choking the fiame rpith duji. Ihrice it they round., Their xveapons claff) : four times a horrid found Struck^armours raised-, its oft the Servants beat Their bare breafls rpith ont-cries. Herds ofNeat, And Beajh halfflain-, another xvaftful fire Devours, &c. The reafon why the Grecijwj did burn their dead, was bccaufe that part which was divine in them, ihould as it were in a fiery Chariot, again rc-afcend to the celeftial habitations V as unto earth the earthly returned. They ultd to quench the fire with red Wine, and gathering the bones together to include them in Uins, as the UrnsinSepulchics, (which had no title, unlefs they werellaJain fighting fortheic Country) exhibiting Games, and prizes for the Vidors in honour of the deceafcd. Notwithftanding all were not burnt, but fome buried in their apparel, as now being Chriitians they arcs who ufe extreme unction, as indudtcd by Saint Jawej, yet not only deny the Roman opinion of purgatory i but furthermore, many amongfl then^ erroncoully maintain, that neither the fouls of the blelTcd nor damned do furter cither joy or torment , or (hall till the general Judgment. But enough of thcGrecians. The German Emperour, the Kings of England-, and of France-, have here their Lci^er Ambadadours i as the Venetians their Baily, and divers tributary Princes tho^r Agents. Some meerly employed about Scate-alTairs, others together there- with, about the traftick of theirNations. But the E«g/f/^ only negotiates for the Merchants, having two m the hundred upon every Ship, belides u large penfion, with the name of a great proportion of provilion from the Grand Signior. The £«- lilh Confulfhip of CJmt is in his dilpollng, and accountable to him^ and out of that oi Alexandria he hath no fmall (hare, though ferved by a French man. There hath been fome contention between him and the French, about the protection of the Dutch Merchants-, but now they do divide the profits. The £«g/ip Conful of Aleppo is abfolute of hiiT.felf, yet hath from hence his rcdre(rcs of injuries, whofe chief employment is to protedthe perfons and goods of our Nation, to labour a revenge of wrongs, and a rellitution of loiTcs. And to give This nomoretlian his due, tor his place no man can be more fufficicnf, expert in their language, and by a lung experience in their natures and pradJices, being moreover of iuch a fpirit, as not to be daunted. And furcly his chieftfi fault hath been his mis-fortune i in the too violent, chargeable, and (ucce(slefs foliciting of the rcftitution of the Prince of Jsloldavia, (whom adverfity hath rather made crafty tlian honefti) whole houlc doth harbour both him and his dependants, being open alfo to all of our Nation. A Sanduary for poorChrillian llaves that fecretly fly hither i whom he taufcth to be conveyed iiuo their Countries, and redcemeth not a few with Iiis money. The Wellera LIB. I. Of the Frankj. 8j Weftern Chriflians are called FraK/y, that are admitted to trade here; citlierof the name which ilgnifieth free, or for that the French men were the Hril that had amity and tnffick with the Infidels. They live freely, and plentifully, and many of them will not lie alone where women arc fc eafly come by. For befides the afor(.faid mar- kets, it is a ulc, not proliibited but only by our Religion, to purchafc for their Concu- bines the beautiful daughters of the Crcdjns, wherewith the adjoining Illands are pltntifuliy (iorcd i fold by their p-ircnts at a ratci whereof they have half in hand, and the rdi when they put them away, recording the contradi in theC^(//t/ book. Thefe arc to their Lovers exceeding obQquious i well knowing t!iat at the fecond hand they Hull be prized but as a worn garment. But death it is for.aChrillian to meddle witli a Mahometan woman. And many times the treacherous 7nrki will pra- ^ife to bring them into fufpition, that they may with tiieir purfcs redeem the calum- ny. Pradtifed of late between the Siibajfcc of Catatd an Italian Frier ■■> whom the Lord Ambalfadour Ivad received into his houle upon theConfulsof C/^w/ commendation, where I bctore had feen him. A man ignorant in learning, yet learned in the art of villany and dilGmulation. Lxpulfcd, as they fay, at Conjiantinoplc from amongli their fraternity > coming down intoC/^/«/, he had inlinuated himfelf into the knowledge of the Con(iiI •, profeding how God in his mercy had opened his eyes, to behold the vanity and deceit of their fUligioni and that now he would endeavour both witii tongiie and pen, as much as in him lay, to reduce the Icduced from tlieir errors. Who cafily perfwaded to believe, (a fault incident to the beH natures) fcnt him up unto Conliantirtaplc, unto the Ambafladors, by (whom carting off the weeds of his Ordex) he was clothed anew, let at his Table, and llipplied with mony by a general contribu- tion i where he preached every Sunday., at the leaft wittily : and lb contefted with the Trancifcans that came to reconcile him, that the Ambaffador, much contented there- with, lent intelligence of the lame into England, with puipofc to have fent him hither fliortly after. But he whcfc only religion (as hiailclf after contdled) was eating, drinking, and whoring i who thought he had exchanged for the greater liberty, find- ing the contrary, and that he was to go into a Country where his impollure would not only be dilcovered, butfeverely chaitifed, calf about for himfelf, and confpired with the Subajfte, to bring certain Gentlemen that lay in the Ambaffadors houfe, into a Garden, where divers women fliould have been placed of purpolei and lb to ha vt^ been taken amongli them. But failing in that projed, he failed not in another. For -in the houfe there was z Spaniard, of whom he inioimcd the Subaffce that he was a Spy, and fecretly pradt'ifcd the elcape of the Vice-roys natural fon of Silicij, agreeing for a certain reward to betray him. So having inticed him to walk amongli the Graves, upon a fign given, the lurkj tuflit in, and apprehended him, clogging him with cliains,and intended to torture out of him a contellion •, whereof the Ambaflador hear- ing, and expoluilating the matter, iheSiibajJei: told him that he was a Spy, and difco- vered tlic Intelligencer : wherein being latisfied, and perhaps not unbribed, he grant- ed his rcleafe. But a heavy reckoning befel tlie Frier, that fufpeded no fuch matter , being thrown into prifon, and after brought to a publick hearing before our whole nations i who (hewed how much a man could fay for himlelf in fo bad a caufc. In the end he was lent unto the Venetians Baylies, and that in the night, de/i he fliould have ctyed out that he would have turned MulTel-man, and have been taken from thcmj who made lure to have him, and lent him (as they fay) to row in the Gal- lics at Candy. The principal commodities that our Merchantjictch from hence, a):e Titrkje Carpets, Chamolets, and Grogerams. They take in iiere alio Ibme quantity of raw Silk, and Carpets of Fcrfui^ brought over-land from thence by the Armenian Meir- chants. But the Snltanies, and efpecialiy the Royals of eight, wherewith this City "is well flored, and which in no place lofe of their value, is that they moll feek for by tlic faleof their Ware they bring hither. Foraltiiougli they lole by their broad Clotlis and Kerfies, yet amends is made by the plentiful returns of the Silks that are fent from Aleppo to Tripaly, and othe other commodities of the Levant purchafed with tliat money. The main of our cominoditics brought hitjicr, is Cloth and Kerfies, but Tin isthemoir profitable: here exceedingly ufed, and exceedingly wafted i tor they tin the in-fides of their Velfels, and monthly renew it; The MofTcs teeth, all kind of Furrs, and wrought Iron, do here fell to much protit, with other Wares, which I ibr- bear to mention, lince it is no part of my skill or profellion. . .. FINIS LICKI PKIMI. THE 6^ LIB. If. THE SECOND BOOK. JAnuary being now well fpent, we departed from CottftaiitinopU in the Trinity oiLondoH, a Ship of better defence than Sail. By the way wemadefomeftay hdore Callipoly-, fending a fliore for theConful, Can old Frier, and a boon companion) whoficliof his laft nights lurfeits, fent hisDrogerman with a Janizary along with us, to dear our Ship below at the Caftles. For thefetwo Forts comand this paffageof the Hellejpont '■> permitting no Chriftians Ships to pafsouf, untill there they have remained for three days, (whereas the T«ri^yfe Ships arc difcharged in one) that if fo be any thing hath been done above un- juliihable, in- telligence may be given : and there are alfo fearched for concealed Slaves, and goods contrabanded j which found, import no lefs than lofs both of Ship and liberty. A. Abjdos: B. Stflot: D. Cape Jiairjtf) apieafitig afar off like tno Ijlandt. C. Ttncdtt Like thefe arc thofe on the Straights oi Bofphorus, by which the T^urk^-, as it were chain- cih up the Propo»ticl{_Se.2, Co that none pafs in or out, without his allowance, and difcharge of duties. A little (hort of thefe we came to an anchor. Right againlt where we iiy, and on Europet fide, ftands MaytOj called formerly MjcidoJ-, and Maditos., a brge Town, almolt altogether inhabited by Grecians. Ou the top of a round hill theie are the remains of an edifice, whofe ruinc would pcr- iwadc L I B. I. Maditos. Sainos. 6^ fwadt that it flouriflied in the old worlds child-hood. The lulubitants call it the Virjjm Tower, and that is all they can fay thereof. A Wedding here in the lore- nof n, entertained our tim; in the after-noon. They dance in rings about the Muli- cianj a man, and thtn a woman, taking hands a-crof5, and iillng variety of not un- comly action i the Country wenches cloathed in Damask and Sactin, their hair and , bofoms let forth with Peyl and Stones i rich, if not counterfeit. Of thefe the day following we met with divers carrying Pitchers on their heads, and ftuck with Rags, below the condition of poverty. The marriage day they confume in dancing, and the night in feaflingi the Bride not breaking company until the break of day, and (as they fayj not known by her husband until the third night following. The night out-watched, made us make a night of the morning, until rowz'd from our ground- beds by the report of the Canon. When from the fliore, between theCalHes, you might behold a Gaily pilfing, and that foleifurcly, as if empty, and purpofely fuf- fered to drive with the current, rather to cxcrcife the Artillery, than manned by men, endeavouring fafcty, and lb befet with dclhudion. At length the Sea entred at her many breaches i and by little and little devoured the fpcdlacle. The mai, fome llain, fomedrown'd, others by Boats from each lide cruelly faved, out-lived to envy their deid companions. Tiiclc wcrcChrifiian-llavcs, that hewed ftones in the Quarries at Mirmorji who, to compafs their liberty, had llain their Guardians, and Itoln away with the Gaily. Hither they came too late, nordurlt they linger unto the evening, to proceed or return was now grown equally defperate. Approaching near, a war- ning-piece was given thtm to come to an anchor > when they, leaving their Oars, lay down, allfaving he thatlleered, and committed themfelvcs to the wind, that then blew frefli and favourably s but like an hollow friend, flirunk from their fails in their grcateft'necellity. More happy fuccefs not long before had a Gaily for the moft part manned by Englijh-, who paited by, and that by day, in defpite of them. Cheaper wines than here are hardly elfewhere to be had, or in greater plenty i infomuch as moltChrilfian fliips returning from CoitftamviopU, do at this place take in their provi- fion. Difpatched at length, not without fome gifts and much fuffcrance, we hoifed fails, and the night enfuing we toffed to and fro, on the Weft of Mi/j/^w. The next day we laboured to get in between Chios and the Continent, but failed i when failing on the other fide of thclfland, the wind came about, whereof we took the benefit for Alexandria- Hard by, and on the left hand, left we Samos, now Santo, in which it was faid that y«wo was born under a white Willow, clofe by the River ImbrafiM : and for that flic of the Ri- was there brought up, whilll yet a Virgin, it was cdiWcdFarihema. Allegorically (he ■uer Par- is taken for the element ot the Air i and lained for that caufe to have been born in Sa- ''""'"'• mat ) for that the Air is here 16 pure, and fo excellent. Samof doth alfo challenge one of [he Sibyls, whole name was Pytbo, and Hcripbilej and riourilhcd in the (kys of Numa Pompiliiu, of CliriU thus prophccying. "Thy God, thou faolijh Ju(lak*iea>^ji Hot; known Tu enimftuitaJudicaDcuintuumnoncognovifti Notmitj etrthlyminds: bmcfoToueelhaH LyHentem morulmm tnentibus. Tj- . , :.LTi . >.J„- L- r- )i. ^ II Scdfpmiscoronalti, horndumquefel mifcnifti. tin brows a>ith Iborns, and given bimGaUtotaJie. ^ But in nothing more famous than in the birth of PythagorM. From Heaven though far removd, he with hit mind iifque licet cocli regionc remotus Vrerv near the Gods : what natures power denies M^n" P«5 a^iit : & qua; natura negabat rr I r 1^ II •.! I- r I Vilibusliumanis, ocuiit ca pectoris haufiri To humane fights, he Jaw with hu fouls eyes. ^^^j^ ^^,^ ^^^^ The firft that brought Philofophy into Greece, and from thence into Italy. This Ifland is not above a quarter of a mile diliant from the Continent oi Afia-, fruitful in all things but Vines, v^hich is the rather to be noted, in that the Countries round about produce fuch ftore, and fo excellent. At the South end flood the City oiSamia, with a goodly harbour adjoining, now fasthereltj by realon of the Pirats that infell their Seas, almolt altogether dcfolate. Of the eartii thereof were tliofe VelTtls made of fjch great cllccmi fovercign alio for divers uts both in Phylick and Chirurgcry. The North-weft ol the Ille is high land, environed vvithunaceeinblecliJls, full of tall wood within, ^nd tnoft commodious for building of Ships. ' •) > On the right hand, ar.d near, lycth Niceria, heretofore Icaria, taking that name, as doth the adjacent Sea, as the Poets fain, (lom tlie fall of Icjrus. ff} Curfmg his arts, iitterr^dthe corps, that gave "Ihc land a »J>ne, which had given it a grave- Oraque carulea patrium clamantia nomen Excipiuntur aq well known, and in the night much feared by Mariners. South of tlicfc vve failed by Palmoft formerly Tatmos i a little Illand conilHing on- ly of three or four rocky Mountains. Ononeof thtm Hands a Town, and on the very top thereof a Monaftery of Grceh^Coloieros, having large exhibitions from liindry pla- ces otChrillcndom. Men ignorant in letters, lludjous for th(.ir bellies, and ignomi- nioully lazy, unlclsfome few that give themdlvcs toNavigation, and beconiv.- indif- ferent good Pilots. About this Ille there are variety of excellent Harbours, and not fo few as forty fail of Ships belonging to the Town,by tiie trading whereof they bring in that fullenance which the foil aflordcth not, being fo barren that nothing grows, as I have heard, efpccially near unto the Town, except on fuch earth as is brought thi- ther from other places. And therefore inflidfed as a punilhment unto St. Juhn^ hither banilhed by the Emperor Trj/aWjOr asfome write, by Vomitiany forio the Romans diC' cuftomid to conhnc offenders. Auda aliquid brcyibus Gyaris aut carcere dignum, JfthoH intend']} to thrive, do what dcfcrvcs Si vis effe aliquid ; prob.tas laudatur & alget. short Cyaros, orGyves i Prais'd Vertiie ikr Jhv.Sm.u j j i J rves. On the North-fide of this hill, we faw the houfe wherein (they fay) he writ his Re- velation i and a little above, the Cave in which it was revealed : both held in great de- votion by thole Cinillians. Atter the death of the Emperor, he removed unto Ephe- fuff and being a hundred and twenty years old, cauling a Grave to be made, is faid to have cntred it alive, in the prelence of divers, to whom feeming dead, they covered Auf in '^'"^ ^'^'^ earth, which, if we may believe St. Auguftine, ^ bubleth like water, to te- Job.Traii. Aific his breathing, and that he'is not dead, but flecpeth. In thatMonatkry isreferved 134. a dead mans hand, which they affirm to be his, and that the nails thereof being cur, do grow again. Amonglt divers other Illands we palTod by Coos., now called Loitgo, a delicate Coun- try to behold, lying for the inoft part level, only towards the Eaii not un-prohtably rnountainous > from whence fall many Springs, which water the Plains below, and make them extraordinary fruitful, where grow thofe Wines fo celebrated : Cyprels- trees, and Turpentine, with divers others, as well delightful as proritable. In this was Hippocrates born, who revived Phyfick then almoft lolt, and the ancient pra(9:ice o( A^fculapius., unto whom thislfland was confecrated. In the Suburbs he had his Temple, famous, and rich with offerings. Thole that had been lick, upon recove- ry there regillred their cures, and the Lxpcriments whereby they were eticffted : of thcfe Hippocrates made an abridgement, and committed them to poftcrity. In this Temple Itood that rare pidure oiVemis, naked, as if newly rifingfrom the Sea, made by Apelles, who was alio this Country-man i after removed unto Rome by OSavit^s C^efar, and dedicated unto jFk/jw, (lie being reputed the mother "of their family. It is faid, that at the drawing thereof, he affembled together the moit beautiful women in the Ifland, comprehending in that his own work their divided perfections. For this pidure the Coa«j had a hundred Talents remitted of their tribute. The Town and Citadel are now only inhabited by "turks i the Villages by Grecians i whereof in all are but two. Next unto this (lands Rhodes, of all the red: the moll famous and beautiful » once covered with the Sea , or at Icall an unhabitable Marifti , as they feign , beloved of the Sun, and ercded above the Waves by his powerful influence. For no day pafTeth 1^ L I B. II. Khodes. paflcth wherein the Sun here (hinc5 not clearly : perhaps the occafion of that Fable, Others vpill praifi: bright Khdda. Laudabunt alii claram Rhodon. Hot. I. oi. j, obtaining thereby that title as a peculiar Epithite. Some write that it took this name ofK/''^^aNyii.phot flieSjai and there comprtfTcd by /f/)i7//(7 : others thattherehe lay with l\ntts.y and of her begat Jihodj. Khodfs rvas begot by SohnCyfridei Ofn-hofe three fonj Jifseiidid are '^ three CitieS' Then Tchot the God approjcht the Goddefs^jhoircrs OfGjldpoitrd doxpiixvith KcfciiJnd white Flon-crs. Infula difta Rhodes de Sole & Cypride nata efi Dc tribus Sc natis horum tres funt fimul urbes. Cumquc Dcam Deui acceirit guttis pluitaiiri. Purpurtaquc rofa: ludrc, ac lillia Horej. * Lindas, CamiiKi,Jdlifiuj. For KhodiS in the Greik, tongue fignihtth a Rofei and by likelihood fo called of the abundance of Rolts, which this toil productth. This llland therefore was to the Sun held ficred, to whom rheyercdtcd that huge Colujfus oi Brafs, worthily reputed amongll the Worlds fcvcn wonders i made by Charetes of Lindus, the Servant of Lyfippuj't and vvliereof, as fome affirm, they were called Co/ojT'JW-f- In height it was thrce-fcore and ten cubits, every tinger as great as an ordinary Statue, and the thumb too great to be fathomed. Twelve years it was a making, and about threc-fcore and fix years after thrown down by an Earth-quahe, which terribly (hook the wliole llland, propllefied of by Sibyl. The pieces thereof made wonderful ruptures in the earth i and another wonder it was to fee the mafs of Hones contained therein, whereby the work- men had conhrmed it againlt the violence of weather. With the Brals thereof nine hundred Camels were laden. No place in times pall was held fupe- riour unto this tor convcniency of harbour, magnificent buildings, and other excellen- cies. Famous it was for governtnent, and men (b expert in Navigation, that they became Lords, and for many years held rhefoveireignty of the Seas. The air is here moli temperate, producing fruits. abundantly i rich paliures fprinklcd with Flow- ers, and Trees Itili tiourifhing. The felicity of the place affording an argument to that Fable of the golden fhowcrs that fell thereon. Their Wines thus Virgil celebrateth. Kecei-fd by gods, and bjl crorpiid cups, will I Ihec Khodiu, nor thy long bigGra^es, go buy Non ego te Diis & menfis accepta fecundfs, Tranfierim Rfiodia, & tumidis bumaffa racem'!:' Gear g. I. 2. where alfo it is faid, that the Vine was firfi found out and planted. After that the Knights of Saint John de Acrehdid loll the City of Are, the lafl that they held in the Holy Land •, they had this place configned them by Emanuel the Gr^ ti^Emperour, in the year 1308. which they took from the T;n-/^, and maintained to his terror. Having then one City only, but that well fortifiLd, feated towards the morning Sun, on the alcending hill, a part on the level (hore, embracing, as it were, a moll fate and admirable Haven ; treble walled, adorned with Towers, and fortified with five llrong FortrefTcSi often invaded, and to little purpole : at length it was taken by 5j/ymj« the Magnificent (Villerim being the Great Maifer) with fix months fieg^, a world of people, and the lofs of moft of them, in the year 1522. after it had been by them defended againll the Infidels two hundred and fourteen years* and then honourably furrendred, although to the general difhonour of the Chriflian Princes in their tardy luccours. Bright KhodeSybright intimespjjl^norp bhchjvith clotlds ; Thy jhining fore-bcjd a dire tempeli jbrouds, grief I death ! rvhjt than gritf is worfe. And death ! than that I if there bcjuch a curfe. Sleep ? and the fell rvolffeizelh the Ipoil ? Ofjjine to have ta^n a volant jry foil ! Clara Rhodes, fed claraolioi, nlinc horridi' nimbis : Obnubuit nitidum dira procella caput. Ah dolor, ah mors, ah aliquid mortc acq; do- Uurius aut etiam tcrtius cllc potcft ? (lore !, Scerticis? & ferus armcnti lupus optima capii? O jam fit jam aliquis velle perirc pudor. Unto this lamentable fubverfion Cthougii meant perliap? by a former) may that pro- phecy of Sibyl be unwreltedly a[ plyed. Daughter of PhixbuS' Rhodes, long fljalt thou reigtt: Tuque diu nulli Rhocfe fubdita, filit Soils: Abou/td in nrejlth, and rule of Seas obtain. Durabis, multaquc oinn pollcbis opum vi,' 'mpcrioque matris I'tiinis ens—. ret ^2 Kbodes. Egypt. Nilnf. LII^. iL Trxda tamen Audio tandem rapierit amantum Ceivicemquc jugo, dives formofaquc (ubdes. Crac. Sib. 3. Tit jorcd by thofe that covet thee, at lafl ICok^dfljjh thou be, rich, fair, for glory pajl. Such as would, according to compofition were fuifcred to depart, who from hence re- moved unto Malta i fo that now it is inhabited by Jurhj &: Jcrpj , thofe Chriliians that be, being Cra/;/, and not fuffcrcd after Sun-ftt to abide in the City, the Suburbs where- of are utterly razed. I have heard that ail the Monuments, Statues, and Infciiptions belonging to the Knights of the Order, are by the Turks preferved entire, excepting fuch as the Wars had demolished. Here the Grj«^ ,:>'i^iur maintaineth five Gallics, about this llland we expected to have met with Pirats, but were happily deceived. Now having ioli the light ot lihodes, we faw no land until the liiird day alter j in the evening doubtfully difcovering the Coail oi Egypt i tearing the Lee-fiiore, all night wc bore out to Sea, the Lightningminiltring uncomfortable light, intermixed with Thunder and Tempelt. The next day we entrcd the Haven o\ AUxanrlria newLy de- famed with a number of wracks, which Icattered here and there, did milcrably teltifie the unfafe protedion of that Harbour. For not palt two nights before, the Northern winds beating full upon the mouth of the Haven,with violent Seas drove the torcnioft Ships from their Anchors, who falling foul on the relt, funk all for company, even two and twenty in number, amongll the rell, that great and warlike Ship called the Red Lion, taken but the year before from the Knights of Malta. But before we proceed any farther in particulars, meet it is that fomethihg be faid of Egypt in generil. Egyptia the fon of Belus, for his greater glory fo namtd this « Or of Ki- * kingdom, called Mtfraim by the Hcbrctvs, cf Mifraim the (on of Clms, Mefn by the lus-catled jrabians, and C/^iii/l? by the Inhabitants, ofC/ji/'i//? the firlt Lord of this Land, and prmerlji ^_^^ ^^j, jj^^g^^^ j^ fjuild houlls. On the Ealf it is confined with the Arabian Dcfarts > ^^^'' thole of Bara, Libia, and Numidia \ying ontheWelU on the South divided from JLthiopia by the great Cataradt, and bounded Northward by the EgyptiaitSca, being a partof theMtciiKrrj«ij«. A Coafl dangerous and unhofpitablc, full of flats, and having no Haven lave that of ^/fjcj«^ri<«, which is by a Dcfart divided from the red of the habitable Country, fo that it is neither by Sea nor Land to be invaded, but witii much difficulty. It is faid to extend from North to South, five hundred and three- fcorc miles, for a long tradl contradted between barren Mountains, in many places icarce four, in few above eight miles broad, until not far above Ci/ir#, it beginneth by degrees to inlaige, and focontinueth to do, even to the Sea: being between Royr«a and Vamiata, which ftand upon the Wefl and EaH confines of that which is over- flowed by the natural courle of the River an hundred and forty miles, and from Ra- fctta to AUxandria thirty, all low ground, and lying in a Champion level. ■terra fuis contenta bonis, non indiga mercis, Auc Jovis ; in ^c>\o tanca efi Aducia Nile. Lucan. I. 8. That needs mr merchandize, uor Jove , a foil Pleased with it felf, (0 canfid.m in Nile. By means whereof, faith Jfocrates, they have both drought and moillure in their owri dilpoliiion, which i.\ eUewhere beliowed by Jupiter. The wonderful fertility of the Toil is rather to be admired than expreffed : in times paft reputed the Granary of the World, infomuch that it was not thought poflible tor the Rowaw Empire to fubliif, if not allifted by the -tfluence cf Egypt. The occalion of that laying of Selimus, when he had conquered the Countiy, that, Now he had taken a Farm that would feed hib Jemo- glarts. Amongfi other commodities which this earth doth y.ield, and are fetcht from ''Sefcftt is, "^tnct: by Foreigners, Sugar, Hax, Fx.ice, all manner of Grain, Linen-Cloth, Hides, Salt, Cambyfei. Eutargo, and Cafiia, being now the principal. ^^l^""/"' Whatfoever here is ellimablc, pioceedeth from the munilicency of tliis River i for thMNtro P^ogfc^s and property of all other the moft excellent ; unto former ages, though often ^c! ' attempted, (and that of great ■^Potentates' of an un-difcovered original. Cum videant primi, quarunr tamen Jiiquoq-, Seres, Jfhen firft they Seres fee,yet feel{, who hears ' Through Eibiupian fields jirearns mtte of theirs. Nor kjtows the wondring world, in ivb n nurldbred: So Nature, Nile, conceals thy f acred head '■, Nonefeing thee not great. The Fountains jhe Hath let apart, and would that they fhould be Kaiher admired than k^own^ Yet- yT.thiopumqjc ftris alitno ^urgite camjios : Et tc terrarum nefcir cui" dcbcat orbis. ^Arcanum narura caput non prodidit ulli : Ncc licuit populis parvum tc, Nile, vidcre, Amovitcjue finus, & gentcs tnaluii ortus Mirari quam nolle tuos— — — LMM.I. 13. LIB. H. Nil fiS. /.-^ Yet Nao wich his bcfi fucafs fcnt two Centurions , who alTiiled by the K;;;/, f i,thijpia-,znd by him commended to the nei^hijouring Princts, after a longai.d ci.u;- blclom journey , came at length unto certain great MjuIIilS, ot whtjfe extents tiie Inhabitants themfelvcs were ignorant , nor polUblc to be difcovercd by them ; i ) were the Weeds infolded with the water , not to be waded , nor by Boat to be pill thorow. There faw they two Fsocks, from whence a Current gufht with excellive violence. But whether this was the Fountain , or ojily- aiT.aagmtutation i whether then beginning, or bctoie received into the earth , and the'rc-re-afcending, was lui- ccrtain. But our more prefuming Geographers do raife his concealed head from the Lakeot Zemhre, ( m which', they fay , are Syrens and Tritons^. jJeven degrees beyond the JEqujUr , (eated amongit high and unaccclEble Monntains, ai'id fo great, as defeiving rather the title of a Sea. From wtience it ^pallLth ,-, ^ndring thorow fpacious Defarts , and multitudes of Kingdoms , hot. lirhJom 'fccm^hg to ariedi his forfaken Fountains, now elifperfed intoample Lakes , and agai^n'.re- colledling his extravagant Witers , which ofreu divide t& make fei;tunate Illands, (amongit which MrotJ the tairelt and molt famous J appearingevcrrtiore great than violent. , -, But rvhcn rough crags and bead hug CataraCls Sed rum Iapfii"s-abrupt| viarutn Jitceive his fjlj, mad that each rock ciiiiracts Exccpere tdos, & prxcip.tf s cataraaa:, Hi4 former m-imfeacbcd Jource, he lava Xni,^nl-^, aq^, ; (puma nunc aftra laccir,s ; Ihejtjrs with fptmc, aU tremble with hn tvavei : Cunrti tremunt-u^is, & mnlro murmurc mentis "{he mountain roars-, andfimiiig nith high Jpite-, Spumeui mviftis a^cfcit fluftibus ainnis. ImmantUth ha unvanquijht wava in rvhitc- Lucdn. I. f^. For unlike himfelf, like a raving Torrent, ftruggling amongft the broken Rocks , and lefs tree paflages, at length he fpouts down from a wonderful height into the Valley below i and that with liich a roaring of waters, that a Colony therd planted by the Ferfians, madealmcft deaf with the rioile, were glad to abandon their habitations : otherwile for all ufes ot life fufficiently coirmodious. Amongit the reft , the incre- ^ . , dibleboldntls of tl^fc people was not the leaft to be wondred at , darmg to commit s'at. qiiijfl themleivesin little Boats, but capable of two only ( the one tleeriiig,and the other rowing ) unto the raging Current and impetuous Eddies , palling the Straights of the Rocks by little Chanels, and at length rulli down with the flrcam to the amazement of the beholders, who giving them loft, behold them after a while, as it (hot out of an Engine, far trom the place of their tall, and rowing lately in the afTwaged waters. Not far below', and a little above, where once Hood the City Elcphantif, Schrophi and Mophi , two piked Rocks ^ lift up thcfr eminent heads, which do make the Icfler Cataiad, and arc called, The Vines ot Niliff : where, as Htrodotiu reports from an Egyptian Frieft , are F'ountains of an untearcha- ble profundity, into which rich gilts were thrown in their annual Solemnities. Increafed , as is fuppoted , by this acceirion in deeper llreains and ftriiffer li- iTiits kept in on both tides with not far dillant Mountains, after a long pro- ceflion : Firj}, Memphit gives thve fiope-, and free rcUafu Vrhm ti|>i campos pc rmittir, ipertaque Mempliilf From bounders that wight limit thy incre^fe. ^"". modu.r.que «tat crcfcendi poi.ere ripaj. 1= J J Lucan. I. 10. Four miles below Cj/Va it divideth into two main and navigable branches: that. nextthsEaft running into the Mid-land Sea by Vawiata I'heretotorc Pelufiiitn : ) the other inclining uiUo the Weft , and formerly called Caitoptu ■, falletii into the {elf (ameSca, a little below Ko/Ir/j, making of the richeft portion of the Land a triangular Ilbnd named DJ/j , in that it bcaretiithe form ot that Letter: the freth water keeping together, and changing the colour of the lalt , far further into the Sea, than the ftiore from thence can be dilcerned. Two other branches there be that run between thefe , but poor in waters i befides diveis Chanels cut by the labour of man , for conveyances in the ttmc of inundation i which alio are no fmall ftrengthuiing to the Country. Of rhelc leven miiirione