REPORT 
 
 OF THE 
 
 PSYCHOPATHIC 
 LABORATORY 
 
 OF THE 
 
 MUNICIPAL COURT 
 
 OF CHICAGO 
 
 FOR THE YEARS 
 
 May 1, 1914, to April 30, 1917
 
 Report 
 
 of the 
 
 Psychopathic Laboratory 
 
 of the 
 
 Municipal Court of Chicago 
 
 F II T II /•; ) /•; 1 // .s 
 May i, 191^, io April 30, 1917
 
 Fred Klein Co.. Printers. Chicago.
 
 INDEX 
 
 Judiciary 5 
 
 Preface '. " 
 
 Introduction 17 
 
 Psychopathology 28 
 
 The Boys Court 49 
 
 The Morals Court 92 
 
 Domestic Relations Branch 107 
 
 Bastardy Cases 126 
 
 Outsyde Crinn'nal Branches 132 
 
 Conclusion 149 
 
 Appendix 170 
 
 Performance Tests 174 
 
 Case and Familv Histories 367 

 
 JUDICIARY 
 
 CHIEF JUSTICE HARRY OLSON 
 
 ASSOCIATE JUDGES: 
 
 Terms Expires 1918. 
 
 BARASA, BERNARD P. LA BUY, JOSEPH S. 
 
 COURTNEY, JOHN MAHONEY, JOHN A. 
 
 FISHER, HARRY M. PRINDIVILLE, JOHN K. 
 
 GEMMILL, WM. N. RAFFERTY, JOSEPH P. 
 
 KEARNS, HUGH J. WADE, EDWARD T. 
 
 Terms Expires 1920 
 
 DONAHOE, JAMES JARECKI, EDMUND K. 
 
 DOYLE, LEO J. STELK, JOHN 
 
 FRY, SHERIDAN E. SULLIVAN, DENNIS W. 
 
 GOODNOW, CHAS. N. TRUDE, SAMUEL H. 
 GRAHAM, FRANK H. 
 
 Terms Expires 1922 
 
 CAVERLY, JOHN R. NEWCOMER, JOHN R. 
 
 COOK, WELLS M. RICHARDSON, JOHN 
 
 DOLAN, HARRY P. STEWART, HUGH R. 
 
 HAAS, JOHN F. SWANSON, JOHN A. 
 
 HAYES, HOWARD WELLS. HOSEA W. 
 
 EXECUTIVE STAFF 
 
 FRANK P. DANISCH Clerk 
 
 ANTON J. CERMAK Bailiff 
 
 PSYCHOPATHIC LABORATORY 
 
 DR. WM. J. HICKSON Director
 
 HARRY OLSON 
 
 CHIEF JUSTICE 
 Municipal Court ol" Chicago
 
 PREFACE. 
 
 A large amount of space was given in the "Tenth and Eleventh An- 
 nual Reports" of the :Municipal Court to the results disclosed by the 
 Psychopathic Laboratory, because its conclusions are based upon the most 
 extensive as well as intensive study of criminals in this country, and it 
 v.-as important that these facts should be laid ])efore the medical and 
 legal professions and the public. The demand for this part of the report 
 from the legal and medical professions, from penologists, from social 
 workers, and from students of criminolog}- has been so great that it is 
 here reprinted with the addition of more than a hundred pages of per- 
 formance tests besides those included in the annual report. These tests 
 ilKiminatc the findings of the Laboratory. 
 
 The facts contained in the report are gathered as an incident to 
 the annual outlay of nearly $6,000,000.00 for the police department and 
 nearly $1,000,000.00 a year court expenditures in a city of tw^o and 
 one-half million people. They are expensive facts, therefore, that can 
 nowhere else be gathered together with the same facility. The five 
 thousand policemen of the city act as agents in bringing material to 
 the laboratory. No medical school has or could afford such a clinic. 
 
 Then, too, the conclusions of the report are important to the 
 country at this time, when war is bringing together the youth of the 
 land in cantonments and naval stations, where they are being fitted 
 for duties preparatory to the winning of the war. While the psycho- 
 pathic material thus brought together will be a very small percentage 
 of the whole, yet this small percentage will make trouble for their 
 superiors and do damage to their associates and the cause for which 
 we are fighting altogether out of proportion to their numbers. The 
 physicians in military service will learn of conditions of mental 
 deficiency among the general population in certain localities, the 
 extent of which has not been heretofore suspected. The United States 
 Government, in the interests of efficiency and economy, is taking steps 
 to examine mentally all suspected material for the Army and Navy. 
 It is hoped this report will be of interest and help to the government, 
 both in making selections for service and in administering the military 
 law. 
 
 In the "Third Annual Report" of this Court a plan for recording 
 data concerning criminals was outlined as a result of a report of Com- 
 mittee A of the American Institute of Criminal Law and Criminology. 
 By comparing that report with the results shown in this it will be seen 
 
 — 7 —
 
 how aotiial l:il)(irat<>n Iiiii1iiik> and experience on actual nialerial have 
 turned out to he so widely dilTerent from the a priori ideas and specula- 
 tions which were the hasis of this earlier report. 
 
 The role the mental defective plays in crime is fully indicated 
 by this report. It cr)vcrs three years and 4,447 cases, possibly excell- 
 ing in breadth anfl variety of material any examination of this sort 
 ever made. 
 
 It leads, in its C(jnclusions, to steps of an immediate nature, calcu- 
 lated to alTurd a real advance in criminal law as a pragmatic science 
 within a few years, and to ultimate steps of a far-reaching social 
 importance. 
 
 The heart of the report is found, of course, in the data afiforded 
 by intensive study of so many cases, arranged and classified so as to 
 yield the greatest amount of information. It will be seen, on study, 
 that the data support each other in various ways. Just so it should 
 be said that the prognoses of the laboratory are being daily confirmed 
 by the conduct of the "cases" examined in it. 
 
 Just one example of this : On February 8, 1918, one Lindrum 
 was hanged in the Cook County jail for having committed an atrocious 
 murder. Not long after it was discovered that the laboratory had a 
 record of this criminal. Two years previously he had been in court 
 for a lesser crime, and had been examined in the laboratory and found 
 to be of the type that has proved most dangerous, dementia praecox 
 grafted on intelligence defect, — pfropfhebephrenia. This is the type 
 which is unsafe at large. If there had been a "retreat" to which Lindrum 
 could have been committed on indeterminate sentence, he would now be 
 there engaged in some form of useful labor, his victim would be alive, 
 and the community would have been spared one of its shocking and re- 
 volting incidents. 
 
 With the knowledge now available we cannot much longer persist 
 in the traditional handling of these cases. We do not know how many 
 others like Lindrum are at large, who have been tested and found 
 potentially dangerous, and who will later confirm the diagnosis by 
 some hideous crime. But until we have provided the proper farm 
 colony for their detention there can be no safety. We do know that 
 there are hundreds of like type at large or in penal institutions from 
 which they will sooner or later emerge to renew their depredations. 
 The existing system is neither fair to the public nor to the defectives. 
 Fortunately, the need for the farm colony, projected since the first 
 year of the Psychopathic Laboratory, is so generally appreciated that 
 it seems probable that the deficiency will be supplied before long.
 
 An element of weakness in our criminal law administration lies in 
 the lack of organization of our courts. As shown in the report, the 
 Juvenile Court cases, perhaps the most important of all, are not corre- 
 lated with those of the criminal branches of the Municipal Court, and 
 the Criminal Court cases represent another extraneous group. One 
 of the things insistently required before Chicago can consider that it 
 is in a fair way to grapple with its crime situation is the unification of 
 its various courts into a single system, with complete correlation of 
 all the criminal branches. Then, and only then, will the laboratory be 
 able to render its fullest measure of service. 
 
 The report of the Psychopathic Laboratory covers the first three 
 years of its work, from May 1, 1914, to April 30, 1917. The data 
 embrace those submitted in the report appearing in the "Eighth and 
 Ninth Annual Reports" of the ^Municipal Court, which were in some 
 respects incomplete owing to the fact that the director was called out 
 at that time with the Illinois National Guard troops sent to the Mexican 
 border. 
 
 The first classification of data has been with respect to the various 
 classified branch c'ourts from which cases have been received for 
 examination. The total number of cases reported on in the three-year 
 period is 4,447, divided among the branch courts as follows: Boys 
 Court, 2,025 ; Domestic Relations Court (in which bastardy cases 
 appear), 1,236; Morals Court, 947; police court or outside branches, 329. 
 
 The modern science of psychiatry and psychopathology has from 
 the beginning found much of its material among delinquents, but the 
 clinics have usually been mixed clinics. Until this laboratory was 
 established the direct and intensive study of delinquents had been 
 limited to narrow lines and special classes, such as juveniles. It may 
 be said that this laboratory represented the first attempt to study 
 crime and criminals intensively on the broadest possible scale, for the 
 jurisdiction of the Municipal Court of Chicago embraces every kind 
 of ofifense and ofifender except juveniles under 17 years of age. 
 
 While the court has no jurisdiction to finally dispose of crimes 
 of the grade of felony, which are determined in the Criminal Court of 
 Cook County, yet most of these cases first appear in the Municipal 
 Court branches for preliminary examination. The result is that our 
 field affords ample material for the study of the more serious offenders, 
 those who have committed homicide, robbery, rape and other felonies. 
 
 Not only is the laboratory aft'orded full scope in the delinquency 
 field, but it draws its materials from the widest possible sources, since 
 Chicago has a population of about 2,500,000, and enjoys the unenviable
 
 rrputation of liarhoriii^' many criminals who drift into the city from 
 all parts of the country because of supposed opportunities existing 
 here or because of the increased difficulty of detection. 
 
 At the outset there was considerable embarrassment due to the 
 fact that a Hood of cases were turned in before a laboratory staff could 
 be or^ani/cd and trained properly, and yet at the end of six weeks a 
 preliminary report was made which was accorded most serious con- 
 sideration. The need of subjective study of the criminal had been 
 understood for some time in this court, and for a year or two previous 
 to the opening of the laboratory the work necessary to its establish- 
 ment was carried on. While its institution was sanctioned by all of 
 the judges of the court, there was yet a reasonable mental reservation 
 on the part of the judges, as well as a natural inability to grasp the 
 tremendous significance of the new undertaking. Since then, step by 
 step, a true understanding of the relation of the laboratory to the 
 court and to the tremendous problems of administering criminal jus- 
 tice in a modern metropolis has been advanced. Skepticism within the 
 court has long since disappeared. 
 
 Outside the court, in professional circles and in the press, a solid 
 wall of skepticism existed three years ago. The public had a whole- 
 some and unavoidable fear of fads and theories, and the typical 
 .•\nglo-Saxon distrust of the expert was prevalent here as everywhere 
 throughout the country. In some quarters there was even pronounced 
 antagonism. Existing theories of crime and its prevention were felt 
 to be assailed by the new study, however empiric and pragmatic it 
 professed to be. 
 
 But since then the gradual spread of enlightenment and apprecia- 
 tion of the laboratory's need and scientific methods of work, together 
 with a constantly increasing volume of facts confirming its findings 
 which could be grasped by the uninitiated even, has served to alter the 
 situation, so that now it is not too much to claim that the solid wall 
 of skepticism and prejudice has all but disappeared. 
 
 The subjects for examination are sent to the laboratory by the 
 judges of the various criminal branches. While some of these cases 
 are so outspoken as to declare themselves virtually at first sight to the 
 expert, yet in every case, for statistical and research purposes, as well 
 as for thoroughness, the complete examination was made. The exam- 
 ination involves intensive individual criminalistic, psychiatric, psycho- 
 logic, neurologic, heriditary, anthropometric and sociologic study. 
 While the heart of the inquiry is subjective study of the individual, it 
 
 — 10 —
 
 is supplemented with consideration of all that can be revealed by 
 extrinsic facts of environment and heredity. 
 
 In every case a written record is preserved, signed by the director, 
 available at all future times. These individual records imply full 
 responsibility on the part of the laboratory for every finding noted. 
 
 The medical examinations are both clinical and laboratory, accord- 
 ing to the needs of the individual case. The mental tests used ordi- 
 narily, in addition to the general tests familiar to the science of 
 medicine, are those developed and used in psychiatric clinics at Zurich, 
 Giessen, Berlin, Munich and other European centers. In addition to 
 these we employ the Binet-Simon Rossolimo psychological profile 
 method ; the graduated free and controlled association tests ; and the 
 A-S tests (Analysis-Synthesis series, such as the similarity tests). 
 
 All of the foregoing are evaluated both quantitatively and quali- 
 tatively. We also have more or less recourse to the De Sanctis and 
 other tests, some of which, while not standardized absolutely, yet 
 allow of relative standardization and qualitative application. 
 
 There is, finally, the "world test," which we try to evaluate in all 
 our cases. This is the most crucial of all tests. It consists of the 
 evaluation of the reactions of the cases to their environment, a check- 
 ing up of their capability of adjustment, their failures and successes at 
 home, in school and at work. 
 
 The world test is best appreciated when we follow the reactions 
 of the individual to his environment from earliest childhood. Infancy, 
 childhood and school records should be carefully preserved, and espe- 
 cially Juvenile Court records, which are invaluable, showing as they 
 do the fact that the individual has at a tender age come into conflict 
 with his environment to such degree as to become amenable to the law. 
 
 It must be remembered in this connection that environment is, 
 speaking broadly, man-made ; it is made by dominants for dominants ; 
 it is a social and legal adjustment for normal or well-balanced 
 individuals. 
 
 Juvenile Court records should not be destroyed on the sentimental 
 ground that they may be used against the boy or girl who become 
 delinquent at a later age. The attitude which prompts this course 
 grows out of the state of mind which harbors such posse ideas as posi- 
 tive depravity. We should, on the contrary, realize that we have to 
 deal with weaker brothers and sisters, who should never be approached 
 with the idea that they are deliberate criminals. They should rather 
 be recognized as needing our best assistance and care, and to this end 
 the records of their early conflicts in their passive years are invaluable. 
 
 11
 
 Of course, such records slmuM l.c uvailable only to properly author- 
 ized i)crsons. 
 
 lu tills world system, created and existing for the adjustment of 
 normal persons, the misfits come into conflict with the law to such a 
 considerable degree that psychopathology naturally finds its greatest 
 field for study among those made amenable to the corrective agencies 
 of the law. A study of crime w^ithout psychopathology is now unthink- 
 able. A study of psychopathology without access to the material 
 abounding in the courts and reformatories is sadly restricted. But 
 even in this laboratory there has appeared a broadening of scope 
 unavoidably since the findings throw so much light on judicial pro- 
 cesses not strictly criminal. 
 
 In' the civil branches both litigants and witnesses often display 
 psychoses. The type of paranoid litigants, once known as merely 
 "cranks" or "litigious," are found to be identical with the dementia 
 priccox paranoides querulans type. Some of these unfortunates waste all 
 their substance in fighting imaginary enemies in the civil courts. One 
 specimen we were called upon to observe had begun, at various times, 
 forty-five actions against various persons. 
 
 Lawyers who have become informed on the subject are recog- 
 nizing certain of their clients as belonging to this standard type. 
 Judges are becoming so versed as to apply their knowledge gained in 
 the criminal branches usefully in the civil branches. 
 
 Witnesses also frequently display psychoses, and in a growing 
 number of cases the director has been called upon to assist in throw- 
 ing light upon these cases. 
 
 Throughout the vast machinery of charities built up in recent 
 years the knowledge derived originally from the study of delinquents, 
 and recorded in the laboratory, is being applied to the problems of 
 dependency, so closely related to delinquency. It is seen where there 
 has been great squandering of money and of energy for lack of under- 
 standing of the basic facts of the problem. In the still wider circle 
 of industrial life the influence of the new body of facts is being appre- 
 ciated. More and more is inefficiency and carelessness traced to 
 fundamental mental defectiveness. The laboratory records supple- 
 ment and explain many an inquiry into accidents ordinarily attributed 
 "merely to carelessness or bone-headedness." 
 
 One of the most important misconceptions of the laboratory's 
 function and purpose deserves to be mentioned at this point. It has 
 been frequently charged by certain persons, and especially by those 
 interested in prosecution as their single angle of the crime problem, 
 
 — 12
 
 that the laboratory is calculated to embarrass prosecution and to 
 reduce punishment. Being interested in securing as high a percentage 
 of convictions and commitments as possible, regardless of the larger 
 aspects of the criminological problem, they have been inclined to feel 
 hostile toward the laboratory idea. When accused themselves of lack 
 of success in preventing crime, they endeavor to throw blame on the 
 laboratory, charging that its findings result in mitigation of punish- 
 ment, and consequently in increased recidivism. They also blame the 
 probation and parole system in like manner. 
 
 The fact is that the law has provided a number of alternatives in 
 the form of punishment or restraint. The judge is able ordinarily to 
 suspend sentence, to place on probation, or to sentence for variable 
 terms to a variety of institutions, each calculated to meet the need of 
 particular classes of delinquents. 
 
 The judge must make the decision as to the precise form of sen- 
 tence. In making this choice his highest consideration must, of course, 
 be the interest of society as a whole. He must endeavor to select that 
 form of sentence which will most surely prevent a repetition of 
 offenses on the part of the convicted delinquent. But to make that 
 choice he must know what kind of an individual he has to deal with, 
 as different types react differently to the various forms of punishment 
 and restraint. What would eminently suit the case of delinquent A 
 might prove entirely wrong as treatment for B. 
 
 Right here is where psychopathology comes to the assistance of 
 the court. The precise type of psychosis is exceedingly important in 
 the case of every deficient prisoner. And it should be noted that there 
 is no personal interest on the part of the delinquent which is opposed 
 to the public interest. The judge does not have to choose between 
 duty and sympathy. That decision which best serves the public wel- 
 fare invariably is best for the individual delinquent. It is not merciful 
 to release a delinquent who stands no chance to wage a successful 
 battle, for he is certain to get into the toils of the law again in a short 
 time. The only consideration is as to the kind of sentence which will 
 best avail to keep him out of trouble, whether it be probation, with 
 effective aid from competent friends and relatives, or incarceration in 
 an institution selected to meet his individual requirements. 
 
 The great object is to protect both society and the delinquent 
 from a subsequent offense. Their interests here are identical. Prop- 
 erly understood, the elements of mercy and sympathy, as elements 
 opposed to stern justice, do not exist. The great purpose of psycho- 
 pathology in court is to prevent a repetition of offenses. It is a scien- 
 
 — 13 —
 
 „lu- rather tluiu a Ic^al ciucstion. When (;ur system has been per- 
 fected as discussed in the part of the report entitled "Conclusion, the 
 laboratory will be able to grapple with crime at its inception, when the 
 first offense is committed, and so far as it succeeds in its objects there 
 will be no subsequent offense. But in that good time there will be 
 institutions for the care of defective delinquents which do'not now exist. 
 
 The present great difficulty is that we lack the institution clearly 
 indicated for the purpose. We call it a farm colony because it must 
 be located awav from the manifold distractions of the city. It must 
 be essentially a retreat with its own artificial environment adjusted to 
 the needs of those who cannot endure the harsh competition of our 
 modern industrial world. In such an industrial community the defec- 
 tive delinquent can live an orderly and useful life, contributing his 
 (juota to the public's total of production and free from the strain w^hich 
 necessarily and properly exists in an environment created for persons 
 of normal strength and capacity. 
 
 The lack of such retreats at this time makes the problem of select- 
 ing the right sentence for the individual case practically impossible, so 
 that the judge too frequently is obliged to choose between an uncon- 
 scionable commitment and a risky probation. Fortunately, one of the 
 most promising results of our progress to date is the general accept- 
 ance of the idea of the farm colony, and it is probable that this great 
 gap in our system will be filled before long. 
 
 The foregoing explanation shows how far we have moved from 
 the earlier conception of abnormal psychology as an aid to the court 
 in determining "criminal intent." Insistence upon this purely meta- 
 physical element of criminal law — intent — has tended to blind agents 
 of justice to all concrete results. The lack of criminal statistics before 
 such courts as the Municipal Court Avere created largely contributed 
 to the fog W'hich clouded the whole issue. 
 
 Of course, we have been embarked for a considerable time on the 
 project of reforming the criminal. The practical failure of all attempts 
 at reformation in a large proportion of cases is fully accounted for 
 now that we know that a large proportion of all inmates of penal insti- 
 tutions are defective mentally. There will always be a large propor- 
 tion of delinquents who cannot be reformed in any positive meaning 
 of the word. .And those who cannot be reformed must be restrained; 
 this restraint must be in industrial and agricultural colonies, as out- 
 lined in the "Conclusion" of the laboratory report; it must continue for 
 such time as may appear necessary to qualified psychopathologists in 
 each individual case. 
 
 — 14 —
 
 The traditional method of handling a defective as though he were a 
 normal person is well illustrated in a case coming from one of the outside 
 branch courts mentioned in this report : 
 
 Case, age 38, dementia pnecox hebeplirenia plus drug addict (morphinist and 
 cocainist) ; has had eighteen arrests that have been checked up, seven for burglary, 
 eight for larceny, two for picking pockets, one for disorderly conduct; has served 
 two terms in Pontiac Reformatory, once for five years; was committed twice to 
 Chester Criminal Insane Asylum on burglary charges; spent three years in Missis- 
 sippi Penitentiary, three in Wisconsin Penitentiary, two in Tennessee Penitentiary, 
 one year in House of Correction, six months in Cook County Jail ; as a boy charged 
 with disorderly conduct, committed to Ontario Reform School for six months; 
 spent eighteen months in insane asylum in Kentucky, two years in the insane asylum 
 in Fulton, was also in insane asyhnns at Dunning and at Elgin. Committed by us 
 to Psychopathic Hospital. 
 
 Fred Raskins of \Vashingt(jn, D. C, in writing of the method of 
 handling this man, called it "the shame of the law." 
 
 In the largest aspect the laboratory idea marks a turning from the 
 traditional policy of society of treating delinquents as units of a single 
 large class, by automatic methods, without consideration of the 
 various individual characteristics which distinguish them, and are 
 now seen to divide them into a number of sharply dififerentiated 
 classes, each with its separate proclivities, potentialities, and prog- 
 nostic characteristics. It is a turning from the objective view of crime 
 to the subjective view. It makes a diagnosis the great element in the 
 scheme for reform or restraint. For the first time the law has per- 
 mitted science to assist. 
 
 15
 
 Dr. \\M. J. HICKSOX 
 
 Director 
 Psychopathic Laboratory
 
 REPORT OF THE PSYCHOPATHIC LABORATORY 
 OF THE MUNICIPAL COURT OF CHICAGO 
 
 May 1, 1914, to April 30, 1917. 
 
 Dr. Wm. J. HiCKSON, Director. 
 
 To the Honorable, the Chief Justice and Associate Judges of the Municipal Court 
 
 of Chicago. 
 
 Honorable Sirs — The following report of the Psychopathic Laboratory of the 
 Court, with the exception of the additional statistics, is presented substantially as it 
 was prepared for the previous, the combined eighth and ninth, annual reports of 
 the Municipal Court of Chicago, it being then in the closing-up process when the 
 Director of the Laboratory was abruptly called out with the troops, and as the 
 court report had to go to press, in the emergency, a portion of the material and 
 statistics were substituted in his absence. We now submit the combined statistics 
 of cases examined, thus bringing the report of the laboratory up to April 30, 1917, 
 which covers the first three years of its work, and embraces intensive individual, 
 criminalistic, psychiatric, psychologic, neurologic, hereditary, anthropometric and 
 sociologic studies on four thousand four hundred and eighty-six cases, distributed 
 as follows : Boys Court, 2025 ; Domestic Relations, including bastardy cases, 1275 ; 
 Morals Court, 947; other criminal branches, 329. A large proportion of the above 
 were such clinically outspoken cases of defectiveness that our routine intensive and 
 extensive examinations were unnecessary as far as reaching a diagnosis was con- 
 cerned, but for statistical and research purposes, as well as on the grounds of 
 thoroughness, we carried out the same systematic individualistic, intensive and ex- 
 tensive studies on all, thus embracing both individualistic and general aims. 
 
 We have not found it necessary to rewrite a new report, since our cumulative 
 experience and data have only tended to further confirm and substantiate the 
 previous findings and conclusions, which was most fortunate, as the laboratory is 
 working under such high pressure that it exhausts all the time and energy of its 
 limited staff, which can barely keep up with the cases sent to it for examination, 
 in addition to the necessary clerical and statistical work the preparation of such 
 a report as this entails. The report, consequently having been gotten together 
 under such difficulties, is not as completely worked over nor extensive as we would 
 like to have it, or as the material justifies, but the figures are there and, to those 
 familiar with the subject, speak in no uncertain terms for themselves. 
 
 In spite of the delay attendant upon the preparation and arrangement of 
 quarters for the laboratory, no such quarters having been provided for in the 
 plans of the building, the procuring of supplies and the like, and the fact that for 
 almost a year we had only one trained assistant, a volunteer, Mrs. Marie K. 
 Hickson, who eventually trained and standardized two other volunteers, we were 
 able in six weeks to present a fairly comprehensive survey of the type of material 
 found in the Morals, Domestic Relations, and the Boys courts especially, before 
 the annual meeting of the American Association for the Study of the Feeble-Minded, 
 held at Columbus, Ohio, in June, 1914, calling attention to the seriousness of the 
 situation. 
 
 The work of the laboratory has been not only of a practical but also of an 
 experimental or research nature. We not only attempted to render reports on both 
 the mental and medical or physical status of the cases sent to the laboratory for 
 such purposes by the various judges of the Municipal Court, of whom there are 
 thirty-one, as well as by other courts and agencies, but also attempted a survey 
 
 — 17 —
 
 along llic psychological, normal and abnormal; physical and medical; anthropo- 
 nictrical and anthropological; degenerative stigmata, intrinsic and extrinsic; 
 nciiroionical, serological, social and economic or environmental phases of cases 
 sent from some of the specialized branches such as the Boys, Morals, Domestic 
 Relations and bastardy and criminal branches, emphasizing the matter of crime 
 and criminality from its various sides, especially the psychological or subjective, a 
 side thus far almost entirely overlooked anr! neglected in contrast to the objective, 
 in which the human is treated in the same manner as suits, torts, etc., on the civil 
 side and all such an attitude connotes. The laboratory also endeavors to show 
 the necessity for and to apply the advances made in the above-mentioned sciences, 
 which must be the basis of criminal law, if the subjective, the humane and scien- 
 tific method is to predominate, bringing their findings to bear on the correction of 
 the many present dead and obsolete laws now applying in these fields, in the vast 
 majority of cases with little or no scientific substrata to justify them, and also to 
 make them live and elastic enough that they may keep pace with future develop- 
 ments and circumvent the process of stereotypy which has no place in human ap- 
 plication where the sciences controlling this branch are constantly developing and 
 being better understood, and thus aim to neutralize this fetish worship of the law 
 as law as though it was a matter above men, rather than of men and for men, 
 to change the worship of the god of things as they are to an earnest strife for 
 things as they should be. We do not wish to minimize the necessity for as much 
 stability in our laws as is consistent with justice and security, which we think 
 could be maintained at the same time by such measures as a review of the laws 
 and principles in the light of scientific advancements at certain stated periods of, 
 say five or ten years. Thus would we secure perhaps sufficient stability with 
 gradual change and yet overcome the disadvantages of the principle of stereotyped 
 law in its human application, which in instances only too painfully numerous have 
 been rather examples of stereotyped error. 
 
 The possibility of the deterrent effect of our present laws on the commission 
 of the fundamental crimes by normals, and to a certain extent on borderland cases, 
 is admitted, but whether it is the best and only way is not settled, whether, for 
 instance, the causal association of criminality and defectiveness, with its concomitant 
 double stigmata and isolation would not be more effectual. However, there can 
 be no doubt, which we hope to demonstrate in this report, that the present methods 
 of handling the situation in regard to defectives, who make up the bulk of our 
 delinquents, are faulty in that in spite of all the various efforts, always directed, 
 however, to the objective side thus far, which have been failures, crime still re- 
 mains static, running pari passu with feeble-mindedness and insanity, which in turn 
 ap'pear with statistical punctiliousness from year to year. In the face of such 
 failure of the present methods, the subjective method of viewing and correcting 
 the present hopeless-looking situation is entitled to a word. The futility of treat- 
 ing a condition for permanent results without first knowing the underlying causes 
 in order to eradicate them is obvious. Treating symptoms instead of causes must 
 always remain an endless, fruitless task. 
 
 Furthermore, we have striven to get at the causes and remedies if possible, to 
 find the answer to the question, "Why is a man a criminal?" and to see what can 
 be done to eradicate crime, this cancer of the body politic, as far as possible. As 
 has been said in medicine, "the diagnosis is half the cure," so we hope and feel 
 in the matter of criminality, that if we can diagnose the underlying cause or 
 
 — 18 —
 
 causes we will be well on the road to the cure. That there is a deep interest in 
 this new field of work and the findings of the laboratorj- is manifested by the 
 many inquiries and visits we are receiving from representatives of the law, medi- 
 cine, sociology, etc. Many of these inquiries have come from those in other 
 cities who are working for the establishment of similar laboratories, as to its 
 activities, scope, findings, etc., as well as tlie qualifications of a psychopathic expert 
 and assistants, and at the present writing several laboratories laid down on similar 
 lines have already been organized in other cities. 
 
 While the laboratory of the ^lunicipal Court of Chicago was opened three 
 years ago, the idea of one was planned long ahead and only awaited favorable 
 conditions for its establishment. Over a year previous to its foundation, in order 
 to further the matter, the writer was invited through Chief Justice Olson to 
 deliver an address which was entitled, "The Treatment of the Criminal Insane 
 in Germany," befor-e one of the influential civic bodies of Chicago, which treatment 
 embodied the laboratory idea in the handling of criminals, insane, feeble-minded, etc. 
 
 The laboratory idea is an evolution and not the outcome of an impulse ; it 
 has developed in response to the feeling, not always in full liminal consciousness 
 perhaps but nevertheless insistently germinating, made up of an inherent desire 
 for more insight and justice, in the realization of our present unjust, futile, hit-or- 
 mis«, narrow, unscientific methods founded mostly on nothing more substantial 
 than customs, the more ancient the better, in many instances of different lands, 
 times and peoples, with all the superstitions, prejudices and complexes innate to 
 such an origin. The spirit deferring the recognition of the subjective side of 
 crime, and back of the objective method of treating the criminal, has been in- 
 fluenced, no doubt, among other causes, to a large extent by the great difficulty 
 in the past of getting at the individuality of cases, which is now largely overcome 
 by our rapidly-developing fund of information in the field of abnormal psycholog>', 
 the science of psychopathology and its practical applicabilit}', which factors have 
 in turn been very influential in hastening the day of recognition of the subjective 
 side. Another obstacle, also, was the dominating influence existing at various 
 times of political, social, ethical and other movements in regard to recognizing 
 individuality. Another influence of no mean order in objectifying the law as 
 much as possible was the desire to reduce it as near as could be to logical and 
 mathematical formulae, and we see how incapable we are as yet to reduce human 
 behavior to its lowest terms in order to fit it to formulae of such a different nature, 
 practically as yet incommensurable, even though mental processes are being re- 
 duced more and more to numerical values. Furthermore, such desires as the ob- 
 jective treatment of crime on the one hand and retributive justice on the other, 
 while offsprings of the same impulse, yet land their disciples on the horns of a 
 dilemma in that in the first instance it connotes determinism and in the other in-' 
 determinism. There can be no positive correlation, but there is a negative one. 
 between the objective attitude and responsibilitj'. 
 
 In practically all lines of work and endeavor there are efforts made at fre- 
 quent intervals to check up results, to take an inventory, look backwards, about and 
 forward, for a fresh start, but criminal procedure has been a law unto itself in 
 this respect and has remained self-satisfied. We are marked for our great belief in 
 the efficacy of "law and more law" as a cure for all social evils, but the least retro- 
 spection will show us how vain have been our efforts along these lines when we 
 consider that less than two hundred years ago there were one hundred and sixty- 
 
 — 19 —
 
 five criiiifs on the statute books of England (from which most of our states derive 
 their common laws) punishaljlc by death, such common crimes as stealing a pig, 
 three shillings or more, and the like, many such simple crimes that they would 
 seem so easily suppressed, and yet they had to modify these laws because of in- 
 efTicacy and the resulting barbarity. Even boiling oil and molten lead before this 
 found their disciples. Maiming and branding have equally been tried and found 
 wanting, then the pillory, ducking-pond and whipping post were tried, and in order 
 to add humiliation, were in some instances carried on in the public square. Burn- 
 ing at the stake was practiced quite freely on unfortunates then regarded as witches 
 and beset by the devil, whom today we recognize in our dementia praecox cases. 
 One after another of these procedures was given up as their ineflfectuality was rec- 
 ognized — replaced by another, all, however, were only substitutions, as they were 
 always objective in nature. 
 
 Next a master sadist developed the idea of solitary confinement. Man is a 
 social animal and this would be excruciating mental trauma. The ball and chain 
 were often adjuncts here; also the darkened cell, thumb rack and starvation diet. 
 Then we had reformation, probation, parole and the honor system — all carried on, 
 however, in an objective manner, all with the same futile result, at once a strenuous 
 effort and arrant failure. If crime were only perceptibly reduced by these methods, 
 it would to some extent neutralize the sadistic attitude. In the early days, the 
 eye-for-an-ej^e, tooth-for-a-tooth doctrine, retributive justice, was uppermost. This 
 has been somewhat ameliorated in the latter days and the idea of reformation has 
 supplanted it more and more. The child who stubs his toe against the table and 
 then in revenge hits the table is not much more naive than those who, in the face 
 of present-day facts, still hanker after punishment as uppermost in the disposition 
 of delinquents. Statistics show that there are proportionately as many murders 
 in states and lands with capital punishment as without capital punishment. We 
 have muddled along these hundred years and the question now is, are we going to 
 continue muddling along for another hundred, or pause and give the situation that 
 study and attention its importance deserves? The law has recognized the irre- 
 sponsibility of the child under certain ages of development and understanding, and 
 yet many of our criminals are no better oflf mentally than these same children. We 
 should posit the following question to ourselves, it being understood that we are 
 familiar with the essential facts of the sciences bearing on the problem, such as 
 normal and abnormal psychology, neurolog>^ heredity, etc., namely, with the same 
 mentality, heredity and correlated socio-econdmic conditions, etc., of a delinquent, 
 would we have done diflferentlj' from him, and conversely, if he had our mentality, 
 heredity, socio-economic conditions, etc., would he act differently from us? 
 
 Assistant state's attorneys have told us that they do not want to hear our re- 
 ports to the judge on cases, for after hearing all the facts they are not able to 
 prosecute their cases so drastically. 
 
 Prosecuting attorneys should also procure the expert's opinion in cases in 
 order that they may be at least more or less familiar with the history of the indi- 
 vidual and thus better able to help administer justice. As it is now, in the vast 
 majority of cases, their knowledge of the defendant is of the most casual nature, 
 and what knowledge they have of him is concentrated on his defaults. Prosecuting 
 attorneys have made use of the findings of the laboratory when they helped toward 
 a conviction and there have also been others who have used its findings when they 
 were favorable to the defendant; others have sent complaining witnesses to the 
 
 — 20 —
 
 laboratory for examination where mental disease was suspected, and when con- 
 firmed have thus anticipated ungrounded lawsuits to the advantage of the state and 
 all others concerned. 
 
 The attitude of the bar has been that the judges, prosecuting and other attor- 
 neys were there only to carry out the law and had no part in the securing of new 
 and better laws, to get at the bottom of things, but assigned that duty to the peo- 
 ple and their legislators, claiming they were the ones who were responsible for the 
 laws, and the legal fraternity only for their fulfillment. Theoretically, there may 
 be some justification of this attitude, but practically there is none, for in these days 
 of complex life, when specialization is a matter of necessity, what can the layman 
 know of the whys and wherefores of criminology, and logically, the legal fraternity 
 are the ones who are most familiar with the situation and the ones we must turn 
 to for initiative and advice in the field. A similar attitude in regard to disease was 
 rife to a small extent at one time in the medical profession, many of the doctors 
 maintaining they were there only to treat disease, and did not concern themselves 
 with the problem of trying to get at the root of the evil and eliminate it. When 
 the idea of preventive medicine became general throughout the profession, when 
 scientific medicine began to be practiced, more progress w^as made in a decade to- 
 wards eliminating disease and suffering and prolonging life in j-ears as well as use- 
 fulness and comfort, than in fifty years under the unscientific regime. Medicine 
 is getting to be more and more like the law in respect to its being taken over as one 
 of the functions of the state, but this movement, in contrast with that of the law, 
 has tended towards developing the scientific side, the preventive side, of medicine 
 as much as any other single factor. We all know what the state has done for the 
 encouragement and development of science in general in some other countries. 
 There is no reason why we cannot have the state develop the scientific administra- 
 tion of the law as it is doing in medicine, to go to the root of things in order that 
 intelligent treatment may be undertaken, looking towards a successful solution of 
 the problem. There will be minds too settled by age, natural and premature, to 
 assimilate this new movement, yet we must not let their age weigh as heavily on us 
 as it does on them. The medical profession, for instance, had such inertia to over- 
 come with practically every great discovery and advance. 
 
 We feel that there is just as great a moral obligation resting on the law in 
 regard to research into the causes and prevention of crime as tnere is on the 
 medical profession in regard to research into the causes and prevention of disease. 
 The fact that two per cent of the general population are criminals is highly signifi- 
 cant, for it means to those familiar with psychological and sociological statistics 
 that we are dealing here with a highly specialized, isolated group of individuals, 
 which of itself should have awakened our curiosity and called for careful investi- 
 gation. If the percentage had been, say 50 or 60 per cent, it would lose such sig- 
 nificance, as then it would be approaching a more general, average condition. The 
 fact also that about 2 per cent of the general population have been estimated to be 
 defective is more than a coincidence. We should honor and respect the laws as 
 we should honor and respect our parents, but it is so much more consistent when 
 they command rather than simply demand this. 
 
 There is a certain percentage of more or less outspoken insanity and feeble- 
 mindedness in the general population and consequently there will be of necessity a 
 certain percentage in the cases coming before the court. These are the cases of a 
 nature more or less obvious even to the layman. The judge, from his experience 
 
 — 21 —
 
 on the bcncli, will be able tu recognize a still larger number, and the expert psycho- 
 pathologist a still larger group. The judges will pick out the cases of the first two 
 groups and will want to have a diagnosis, prognosis and suggestions as to their 
 responsibility, dangerousness, treatment, etc., consequently there must be a con- 
 venient laboratory for this purpose from whence they can get the information 
 with all possible dispatch from experts in criminal psychopathology. 
 
 That the subjective side of crime and the criminal is not entirely without some 
 recognition is attested by the fact of the existence of the Psychopathic Laboratory 
 of the Municipal Court and by the passage of a recent bill for the defective- 
 delinquent, largely as the result of the findings of this laboratory, as well as by the 
 establishment of similar laboratories by courts in other cities, and by the fact that 
 many judges say they would never again sit in judgment without the assistance of 
 a psychopathologist, and that many who have done so, reviewing their cases in the 
 light of our present knowledge of criminal psychopathology, wish they had not; 
 and, judging by the support the laboratory idea has received, we think the day is 
 not far distant when we will see the same research activity in the law that we now 
 see in medicine and correlated branches, which has put medicine on a scientific 
 basis and will do the same for law. 
 
 The scope of the laboratory and the training and qualifications of experts may 
 be generally discussed together. The laboratory's activities may be subsumed un- 
 der two principal heads ; namely, practical and research. Since a laboratory like 
 that connected with the Municipal Court of Chicago is one of the largest clinics 
 of abnormal psychology and sociopathology there is, the material existing there, 
 already' conveniently separated by the specialization of the courts, ofTers one of the 
 richest fields of research along these lines possible for the student of law, medicine, 
 sociology, etc. The practical workings of the laboratory include diagnoses, both 
 mental and physical, with reports of the same to the judges who sent the cases. 
 The medical examinations are both clinical and laboratory as the case demands. 
 The routine mental tests used in the laboratory in addition to the well-known gen- 
 eral tests familiar to medicine, are those developed and used in the psj'chiatric 
 clinics at Berlin, Giessen, Ziirich, Munich, etc., and in addition to these the Binet- 
 Simon, Ro?solimo, psychological profile methods ; the graduated, free and controlled 
 association tests ; and the A-S tests (Analj-sis-Synthesis series, such as the similar- 
 ity tests, etc.). All the foregoing are evaluated both quantitatively and qualitatively. 
 In addition to the above we have more or less recourse to such tests as the De 
 Sanctis and others, some of which, while not standardized absolutely, yet allow of 
 relative standardization and qualitative application. There is also the world test 
 which we try to evaluate in all our cases, the most adamant test of them all, an 
 assaying crucible of highest value, which consists of the evaluation of the reactions 
 of our cases to their environment, a checking up of their capability of adjustment, 
 their failures and successes at home, in school, at work, etc. 
 
 The worl'd test is best appreciated if we follow the career or, in other words, 
 the behavior, the reactions of the individual to his environment from earliest child- 
 hood on. Infancy, childhood and school records should be carefully preserved, 
 especially Juvenile Court records, which are invaluable, showing as they do, the 
 make-up of the individual, which even in these early, tender years brings him into 
 conflict with environment, with the law, for the environment as it is now is ad- 
 justed for practically normal or well-balanced individuals; environment is man- 
 made, made by dominants for dominants and not for recessives, giving the former 
 
 — 22 —
 
 a relative degree of freedom not vouchsafed the latter. Such records would be of 
 the greatest assistance in the understanding of the case and should not be destroyed 
 for fear that they would be used against the boy or girl if they commit crimes later 
 on in life, which attitude grows out of a mind still harboring such passe ideas as 
 positive depravity and the like in respect to these cases, rather than the one of 
 recognizing that we are dealing here in the majority of cases with weaker brothers 
 and sisters, who should never be approached with the idea that they are deliberate 
 criminals, but as weak and helpless and needing our best assistance and care, and 
 that these early records of conflict with environment in these early passive years 
 are one of the greatest proofs of their inherent mental defectiveness. Anyone who 
 has worked in the psj^hiatric clinics on the continent studying delinquents knows 
 what a helpful role such records play, never with the faintest idea or suspicion of 
 injuring the case, but as one of the greatest helps to understanding him. Of course, 
 it is needless to say such court and other records should be available only to prop- 
 erly authorized individuals. 
 
 We see this same attitude in the families of many of the cases where we un- 
 dertake to search for delinquency, defectiveness, insanity and the like in the family 
 history, in which, in spite of the most pronounced and wide-spread defectiveness 
 throughout the family, they deny it and try to circumvent the truth to the last 
 degree, fearing in their ignorance it is going to prejudice the case, and failing to see 
 that it is of the greatest advantage in comprehending him. As we recognize in the 
 development of the individual certain critical physiological and psychological peri- 
 ods, so also can we recognize what might be termed socio-economic critical periods. 
 While these various periods do not always overlap each other, yet they approximate 
 each other. One of the most important of the socio-economic periods is that oc- 
 curring in the early teens when the average boy and often girl is expected to be- 
 come self-supporting, to pull his own weight in the boat, to maintain himself, to 
 have responsibility thrust upon him; this is the acid test for feeble-mindedness 
 and psychopathy, a most practical and objective test, and this test only confirms 
 the findings of our other tests and predictions. 
 
 We regret that the general nature of the Annual Report and lack of space ex- 
 cludes a description and discussion of the various tests used in the laboratory, 
 many of which we feel should be better known in this country. The tests used, 
 however, have either been absolutely or relatively standardized and are reliable. 
 We have undertaken no exploitation in this line, nor encumbered the work with 
 any of the many tests turned out where any kind of practical standardization is 
 absolutely impossible or of those where the underlying principles are faulty, nor 
 of any of the spectacular tests, for the benefit of the curious visitor. We have 
 attempted to keep the laboratory as free from apparatus and from having the 
 appearance of a laboratory as possible, in order to avoid any untoward influence 
 such apparatus or appearance may have on the case to be examined, either of a 
 frightening or a distracting nature. We have tried to avoid an error we have no- 
 ticed quite commonly in this field with the inexperienced, one which has been at 
 the bottom of much misunderstanding; namely, the confusing of the situation by 
 the accumulating of masses of unessential data, and while it is better, perhaps, to 
 err, if at all, on the latter side, yet the properly trained man will be able to isolate 
 very closely the essential from the unessential to the great saving of time, energy 
 and money, and also afifording a clearer insight into conditions rather than ob- 
 scuring them. 
 
 — 23 —
 
 In discuhsiiiy tht (lualiticatioiis ui llic psychopathic expert for court work, the 
 tremendous rcsponsil)ility placed upon him will call for very exceptional training 
 and nuist constantly be borne in mind. On the one hand, he will have to see jus- 
 tice done to the individual, while on the other, see to it that the interests of society 
 arc safeguarded. Such grave responsibility makes big demands and calls for the 
 highest degree of expertness in the several fields of work on the incumbent. 
 
 This is neither the time nor the place for an extended discussion of the blind, 
 gruesome and, at the same time, fruitless handling to which delinquents have been 
 subjected, but which cannot be too often reiterated for its salutary efifect— which 
 descended to such practices as wholesale hanging for trivial ofifenses, burning at 
 the stake (of supposed witches, now known to be cases of dementia praecox para- 
 noides), mutilation, branding, whipping, stocks and ducking, public humiliation, 
 deportation, convict ships and colonies, close and solitary confinement, ball and 
 chain, chain gangs, deprivation of honors, of the rights and privileges of citizen- 
 ship, uncompensated hard labor, coarsest food, clothing, quarters, etc.; in fact, al- 
 most the whole gamut of blind, uncompassionate human ingenuity which found 
 an outlet for its expression in this service — plus the futility of it all, the utter bar- 
 renness of constructive results — but rather to discuss modern, scientific, humani- 
 tarian substitutes. The chapter on the handling of the insane in the dark days of 
 the past is no less discreditable, when in the profundity of our blindness and super- 
 stitions they were regarded as beset with devils and were handled commensurately, 
 harking back to the days of the trial and punishment of animals and insects, until 
 such scientists and humanitarians as Pinel and his colleagues came to the rescue 
 and enlightened us as to the true nature of the condition, and instituted rational 
 treatment to the benefit of all concerned. 
 
 In our humble way we, too, are trying to bring light into the equally misunder- 
 stood, mishandled, correlated field of delinquency, and if our studies will in any 
 way contribute to changing the prevailing unscientific and futile methods, both for 
 society as well as the delinquent, we will feel our efforts have not been in vain. 
 We are only too conscious that now, as it was then, with the deliverance of the 
 maniacs and melancholiacs calling then, as now, for "eine Umwertung aller Werte," 
 time and eflfort will be required in establishing the new order for the old, and in 
 spite of our excellent modern hospitals and management, we still see the prejudices 
 and fears against them harking from their former unsavory associations. This 
 will no doubt be true also for some time to come in regard to the establishment of 
 modern institutions for delinquents — its dark chapter of history will still cling to 
 it. But the public mind becomes more and more receptive with time and we look 
 forward to seeing the general acceptance of the ideas set forth in this report much 
 more rapidly than analogous changes were accepted formerly, and we receive con- 
 siderable encouragement for such hopes when we see the general spread and crea- 
 tion of psychopathic laboratories in connection with institutions for delinquents, 
 and we believe the time is not far distant when these unfortunates will receive 
 that intelligent care and treatment that comes with understanding, and the problem 
 of delinquency, with its correlated problems of dependency, alcoholism, etc., will be 
 a long way toward solution, and constructive methods will prevail over the present 
 ruinous ones, much more ruinous for society than for the delinquent, for while so- 
 ciety is hard on him, he is harder on society. He is also outnumbered about 49 to 1 
 m the general population, with all such disproportionate representation implies, but 
 he evens up this score by his disproportionate cost in taxes. There are two sides 
 
 — 24 —
 
 to most questions and this is no exception, but thus far only one side has been 
 heard. 
 
 The following two quotations showing one type of attitude toward the problem 
 and how hard such ideas die might well be contrasted with the next three, illus- 
 trating another attitude. The Lord Chancellor of England in the House of Lords, 
 March 11, 1862, declared that "the introduction of medical opinions and medical 
 theories into the subject has proceeded upon the vicious principle of considering 
 insanity as a disease."^ 
 
 In 1862 the Supreme Court of North Carolina in pronouncing judgment said: 
 "To know the right and still the wrong pursue, proceeds from a perverse will 
 brought about by the seductions of the Evil One." 
 
 The necessity, however, for considering, on the other hand, the problem of 
 delinquency as one for psychopathology has been recognized theoretically at least 
 for years, as the following quotations from well-known authorities will attest. 
 
 "Legislation instead of being founded on prejudice and instinct should rest on 
 the conclusions of mental pathology." (Jeremy Bentham, Theory of Legislation.) 
 
 "The science of justice and the science of nature are one. Justice should be 
 based on medico-ps3xhology." Alichelet.' 
 
 "Laws ought to be correlations derived from the nature of the subject." Mon- 
 tesquieu.' 
 
 The final acceptance, however, of these latter theories has waited on concrete 
 demonstration, and it is this lack and completing bond that we have attempted to 
 supply for the first time in the present and previous reports and papers issued by 
 the laboratory, in which systematic research, with exact tests along psychopatholog- 
 ical and correlated neurological and medical lines, was made on sufficiently large 
 and representative groups of delinquents, as well as their crimes, coming into the 
 various courts, to be conclusive. 
 
 That others besides psychopathologists perceive the necessity for the medico- 
 psychological examination of delinquents, the following quotation, translated from 
 "Das Handbuch fuer Untersuchungsrichter," written by Hans Gross, Professor of 
 Law at the University of Graz, singularly attests, coming as it does from an inter- 
 national authority of the highest standing in criminology as well as jurisprudence. 
 He says : 
 
 "One of the most important questions the examining judge is in duty bound to 
 weigh and consider is, which among the defendants and important witnesses * com- 
 ing before him should receive psychiatric attention. There is no question about 
 
 1 Much of the criticism the Psychopathic Laboratory underwent in the beginning 
 will no doubt sound just as absurd a few years hence. 
 
 " "I.a science de la justice et la science de la nature sont unes. II faut que la 
 justice devienne une medicine s'6clairant des sciences psychologiques." Michelet. 
 
 3 "Les lois sont les rapports n^cessalres qui dferivent de la nature des choses." 
 Montesquieu, L'Esprit des Lois. 
 
 * He should also have included plaintiffs, and thus anticipate many unjust and 
 unnecessary arrests with their attendant costs, to say nothing of the suffering and 
 stigma to the innocent, through dementia prsecox, cases of the paranoid of querulant 
 types, etc. Just recently Judge Uhlir detected a paranoid case as such, where the 
 prosecuting attorney came to him with the complainant for several warrants. The 
 complainant had been committed from the Municipal Court of Chicago two years 
 previous to the Psychopathic Hospital, from whence she was sent to the State Hos- 
 pital for the Insane at Kankakee and later paroled. We have had one case of dementia 
 proecox paranoid (querulous) wlio has entered over forty-five suits in the Municipal 
 Court of Chicago and squandered his earnings of years. These ca.ses are quite com- 
 mon In the courts. The condition is being recognized, and we have also been called 
 into consultation by conscientious lawyers who suspected all was not right with their 
 clients, and thus succeeded In heading ofi litigation and criminal procedure prejudicial 
 to all concerned, not excluding, in the long run, the plaintiff's Inwyers, 
 
 — 35 —
 
 (loiiiK this in cases of mania, stupor, frank melancholia, etc. Such has been the 
 case for over a hundred years, but today, with the scientific advancement made m 
 medicine and law, there is a demand that we should be on our guard for psychoses 
 that arc not patent as such to everybody, and thus prevent the punishment of those 
 actually sick, for breaches of the law resulting from their insanity. It is only 
 through the greatest carefulness and strictest conscientiousness that we can par- 
 tially redeem those odious sins of darker days, when countless mentally abnormal 
 unfortunates were punished in the most gruesome manner for their presumed 
 wickedness and extraordinary depravity." 
 
 The more closely one examines the situation, with its difficult and weighty im- 
 plications, the more is one convinced that really every delinquent and every im- 
 portant witness along with his testimony should be submitted to a psychopatholog- 
 ical examination. Only expediency to save time and money deters us from the 
 institution of such obligatory proceedings. If, however, we are not in a position 
 to do this, science, conscientiousness and humanity demand at least that we meet 
 the situation half way and, when there is a doubt in our minds, even the slightest, 
 as to the mental status of a ca^e, that we carefully consider every element that 
 goes to bring a case under suspicion and not hesitate to have an examination made, 
 even though the case had been already examined and declared normal. Even 
 should the jurist be mistaken it, being a medical matter, is excusable, and even 
 though a hundred cases should be examined in vain, it does credit to his conscien- 
 tiousness." Every physician will attest that even specialists at times find the great- 
 est difificulty in judging as to the presence or absence of normality. And every 
 conscientious thinker must admit, in the face of these conditions, that it is much 
 more excusable to subject many cases to an examination who turn out to be nor- 
 mal, than to punish a single individual for a crime due to mental disease. 
 
 As a corollary to the foregoing it will be necessary for the judge to possess a 
 certain amount of positive technical knowledge along psjxhopathological lines. At 
 least he shall be informed sufficiently that he shall not commit any egregious errors 
 in deciding on cases for examination. Nevertheless a certain amount of obliga- 
 tion rests with him to start the ball rolling, and once he has called on the psychia- 
 trist the accountability is transferred to the latter's shoulders. Should he neglect 
 to do this, and since it is only in isolated cases that such proceedings are instituted 
 by other sources, then the judge has the responsibility alone to bear. It would, 
 therefore, be much better for him to call for too many rather than too few exam- 
 inations and thus forestall for his later, retrospective years remorse implacable." 
 In order, however, to keep within the bounds of reason and not overdo the matter 
 in, calling for too many unnecessary examinations, he will find it necessary to ac- 
 quire a certain amount of training in psychopathology. That this is not simple is 
 frankly admitted, but then neither is the office of magistrate a sinecure, and its 
 onerousness lies just therein— that in the beginning there is so much adventitious 
 knowledge that must be acquired. 
 
 There are several ways in which the subject may be approached. First of all, 
 he should study the literature in the field of forensic psychopathology. This will 
 be found, no doubt, rather difficult at first, but eventually one will find himself at 
 home in it, especially if one can command the co-operation of a psychopathologist. 
 
 ,..i»» J*"^*^', ^^?''f,?"' ^^ London University, places conscientiousness above all his other 
 criiena or mteUlgence. 
 
 of the^la'^Woufd^tal-e^hefd.'*"'''""''' ""■''"" "'"" ""^ '^"'•" ^'^" '^""" ''^"^ "°' '^' "P''"'* 
 
 — 2(3 —
 
 who will suggest the bibliography and help one over the difficult places. However, 
 such information remains dead material as such if one rests here. If, therefore, 
 one takes this career earnest^' there remains nothing else for him to do but attend 
 for several semesters courses in mental diseases.^ It is only when one hears and 
 sees demonstrations on individual living subjects that one is really in a position to 
 evaluate in practice with profit what he has learned out of the literature, and espec- 
 ially to form commensurate ideas between the descriptive and the actualitj'. Even 
 the best written textbooks are not able to convey to the understanding of the 
 reader the gradations in symptoms in the mind of the author. The laity, without 
 exception, in interpreting such descriptive signs as "confused expression," "disor- 
 dered speech," "retarded comprehension," and a hundred other similar expressions 
 will either comprehend too much or too little thereby; that is, they will either sus- 
 pect an inconsequential distracted gaze in a normal man as a "confused look," or 
 they get the idea that this expression includes a horrible rolling of the eyes, etc., 
 and will, therefore, overlook many really "confused looks" of pS3'chopathic origin. 
 One can only learn which is the correct interpretation under the instruction of a 
 psjxhiatrist, demonstrated on living 'material, and not from book descriptions 
 alone.' 
 
 What is the most instructive for the magistrate are his own cases in which he 
 sees how the case is examined by the physician, and has his attention called to 
 many points, and at the same time obtains an insight into the elaborateness of the 
 expert's examination.* If, however, the magistrate merely contents himself with 
 looking over the last few lines of the elaborately prepared report of the expert, 
 just to assure himself of the diagnosis as to whether the case is or is not defective, 
 he will profit ver}'^ little by this or a thousand such reports. How easy, however, 
 it would be for him to take advantage of such opportunities, for the report covers 
 the examination of a case that the magistrate handles from the very beginning. 
 He perhaps has thought the patient to be sound or he was conscious of doubts 
 arising in his own mind, and he consequently knows what he himself had thought 
 of the case in general and each of the various symptoms in particular."* He then 
 receives the elaborate report of the expert, in which he can check up and correct 
 his own lay impressions in the light of the expert's knowledge. Should there be 
 any points not clear or that are doubtful, he has the possibility of calling' on the 
 expert for elucidation and instruction, and is, therefore, in a position where he can 
 develop an ability from the study of his ow-n cases for future guidance, provided, 
 of course, that he observes the patient, carefullj' studies the expert's report, consults 
 with the latter and studies t\'pical cases in the literature." 
 
 Appended to each of the various mental groups summarized under the different 
 branches of the court, we have given a tabulation of from five to twenty examples 
 
 ' Such cour.se.s could be given to the senior law students a.s was done by the di- 
 rector of the laboratory in co-operation with Profe.ssor Keedy, of the Law Department 
 of Northwestern University in his course in Criminal Procedure. 
 
 * This could be demonstrated on cases in the laboratory with its unequaled abund- 
 ance of psychopathic material affording, as they do, the greatest of clinics for abnor- 
 mal psychology. 
 
 " This has been undertaken by us in co-operation with the judges sitting in the 
 specialized branches with the utmost gratification to us all. The insight into human 
 nature the judge sitting in a court such as any of the criminal branches of the Munic- 
 ipal Court, with its mass of material, acquires, forms an unusually good background 
 for the reception of such new facts. 
 
 " It is quite remarkable how adept judges become along these linea where they 
 have the co-operation of a laboratory; it is nothing short of extraordinary, the in- 
 sight into the subject developed by the judges of our court; thev pick out cases in 
 the most astonishing manner. 
 
 — 27 —
 
 ill order lo porlray willi a few strokes the general characteristics of the various 
 cases that arc of interest in the present study, and, as will be seen, they are all very 
 much the same at bottom. It also shows the hopelessness of their situation as, none 
 the less, our present methods of handling it. 
 
 We have also included examinations and diagnoses on groups of children, 
 cither defendants themselves or complaining witnesses or the children of defendants. 
 These studies convey data and implications of much interest. One such point is 
 the stage at which mental arrest begins, cases advancing in their early childhood 
 years, mentally and chronologically in proportion, and first showing quantitative 
 mental arrest a few years later. Such cases can and should be diagnosed quali- 
 tatively in their early years, and this is one of our reasons for insisting that directors 
 of laboratories handling juveniles and others should spend at least six months in 
 an institution for the feeble-minded, so as to be thoroughly familiar with feeble- 
 mindedness, both qualitatively and quantatively, and in a position to anticipate 
 those cases with later mental arrest. Idiots and imbeciles exhibit early mental 
 arrest and are promptly detected and in the majority of cases sent to an institution, 
 but the moron whose mental arrest sets in later and who is the dangerous case is 
 in more need of early recognition, as the others are too low mentally and too 
 obvious to be dangerous. This fact also accounts for a part of the criticism of 
 the Binet-Simon scale in which the critics claim that the lower ranges of the scale 
 are too easy and the higher ranges too difficult. The low grade feeble-minded, 
 such as imbeciles, do not find it too easy, and their defect shows up just as plainly 
 on it as do the high grade defectives, the morons, on the upper ranges of the scale. 
 Another point brought out by these studies is the fact that in spite of good intel- 
 ligence the dementia praecox and psychopaths, on the whole, make poor school 
 progress. 
 
 PSYCHOPATHOLOGY. 
 
 It has been thought advisable to insert here a short simplified treatment of the 
 subject of psychopathy to help orient such readers as may be interested but who 
 might lack more or less specific information along such lines, and also call attention 
 to some of the more advanced trends in this field. To accomplish this at all as 
 thoroughly as we would desire would result in developing this chapter into a treatise 
 on mental diseases, which is here obviously impractical. A thorough knowledge of 
 the subject of psychopathology, which is an offshoot of medicine, implies not only a 
 course in medicine but also specialized work in mental diseases in the clinic and 
 under experts. The formidableness of the subject, however, need not deter us from 
 acquiring a certain familiarity with its ideas and terms, which will enable us to 
 follow such a report as this one with interest and a certain amount of insight. 
 
 There are two methods of approach to mental diseases, the clinical and the psy- 
 chological. In English-speaking countries the clinical method of approach domi- 
 nates, on the continent the psychological method dominates. Both groups also rely 
 on more or less extended periods of observation of their cases. This is true of cases 
 of suspected feeble-mindedness as well as the psychoses. 
 
 In the feeble-minded field Binet and Simon advanced the psychological pro- 
 cedure immeasurably when they contributed their positive, direct method of testing, 
 thus doing away with the observation and field work system. They took psycho- 
 logical tests already in use in this field, worked up others and combined these into 
 
 — 28 —
 
 definite, wcking, evaluated schema which permitted securing a very definite evalu- 
 ation of certain mental factors of cases within an hour, thus taking the tests directly 
 to the case. 
 
 We have attempted to do the same for the psychoses and feel that this method 
 will be as successful with them as it has turned out to be with the feeble-minded, 
 and it will be only a question of time until the profession would as soon think of 
 committing a case of mental disease to an observation hospital for days and weeks 
 for diagnosis or differential diagnostic purposes as they would think of carrying on 
 such a procedure with a case of scarlet fever or pneumonia, even though today some 
 of our critics say it takes them weeks and even months to make a diagnosis of 
 mental disease. That some of them, however, many of whom have little or no 
 medical or psychiatrical training, ever make a diagnosis is quite remarkable. 
 
 Cases of feeble-mindedness and psychopathy run true to form, and it is only 
 necessary to analyze and know the kind and degree of defect to evaluate their past, 
 present and future behavior. 
 
 Just as Binet and Simon relied on tests that were already in use and combined 
 these with others of their own which they worked up into groupings with a definite 
 purpose, so we, too, have relied on many tests already in use in the psychiatric 
 clinics and worked up others of our own, based on well-established existing prin- 
 ciples, which enable us to get definite analyses of certain psychopathic and intelli- 
 gence defects and their degrees, thus enabling us to reach a diagnosis within an 
 hour and allowing us not only to predict with practical approximation the future 
 behavior of such cases, but also to know what their past has been like and also the 
 antecedent and ascendant hereditary possibilities. As an example, we know that the 
 average reckless gunman is a boy about the age of 19, with an intelligence level be- 
 tween 10.5 and 12.0 years, plus dementia prsecox, etc. 
 
 This positive, direct method of mental diagnosis will revolutionize court 
 procedure along these lines. It will add an important element of concreteness to 
 the hypothetical question. The question will be put in some such form as this, 
 "Given a man with such and such a mental make-up, under such and such conditions, 
 what would happen?" 
 
 Of course in all our research work we have evaluated not only the clinical data 
 wherever present, but also all other available corroborative data, such as the heredity 
 of antecedents and ascendants, socio-economic data, etc. 
 
 The possibility of preparing a condensed set of crucial, dependable and workable 
 "reconnaissance tests" for the detection of the so-called latent cases of mental de- 
 fectiveness which would lead to their recognition with sufficient assurance when 
 they could be turned over to the psychopathologist, which could be added to the 
 armamcntarum of the recruiting surgeon, school teachers, social workers, etc., was 
 taken up by us in co-operation with the senior medical officer of one of the Illinois 
 National Guard units. The applicability of visual memory tests along the lines 
 developed in the laboratory in this respect has also been referred to in an article on 
 pfropfhebephrenia and dementia praecox in relation to crime. Such a problem pre- 
 sents many difficulties. The outspoken cases of intelligence and affective defect are 
 easily recognized by the layman, the former more easily than the latter, and present 
 little difficulty, but the higher and lighter grades of defect respectively, while 
 relatively, in most instances, potentially much more dangerous, yet are not so 
 readily detected or evaluated as such by the inexperienced. 
 
 — 89 —
 
 Sucli tests ciiniiol be reduced below a certain number, and even the simplest of 
 them demand a certain amount of technique in the giving. They must be made as 
 objective as po-sible. Their final interpretation is a matter for the psychopathologist. 
 They must I)e dependable enough to unmask all cases. 
 
 Our experiment did not receive a sufficiently extended practical tryout to justify 
 any definite conclusion, on account of the abrupt calling out of the troops to partici- 
 pate in the mobilization maneuvers in Texas in June, 1916, but as far as we went, 
 justified further experimentation. 
 
 Tile positive psychological method of approach has opened up new fields and 
 vistas in the sphere of mental defectiveness. One of these is the differentiation 
 between intelligence defect and aflfective defect, and their various combinations. 
 Fecble-mindedness, paresis, senile dementia, etc., belong primarily to the first cate- 
 gory. The majority of the psychoses, such as dementia precox, manic-depressive 
 insanity, belong principally to the second category. The intelligence level plays an 
 influential role in all the psychoses, just as they in turn react on the intelligence. It 
 helps materially in the understanding of mental defectiveness to keep these distinc- 
 tions in mind. Our intelligence level is our mental capital and our afTectivity stands 
 for our mental enterprise, credit, etc. Ordinarily they parallel each other, though 
 not necessarily. Where we have combined defect, as where dementia praecox co- 
 exists with intelligence defect, it is called pfropfhebephrenia. Such combination is 
 very often unrecognized as such, the case being taken either for one of feeble- 
 mindedness or dementia praecox, depending on which element wras most conspicuous 
 or in which field the observer was most at home. Since both conditions are heredi- 
 tary and constitutional it is only natural to suppose, making due allowance for 
 phylogenetical difference, etc., that the entire nervous system involving both spheres 
 would be included in the determining underlying process. There is much dementia 
 pra?cox overlooked in feeble-minded institutions. If a case has to be pried off a chair 
 to get him to move, or pried out of a bed in the morning, it is called feeble-minded- 
 ness of the phlegmati" type, whereas in reality it is a case of dementia praecox 
 hebephrenia, and may or may not be combined with intelligence defect. If, on the 
 other hand, the case demolishes the furniture, crockery, etc., assaults the attendants 
 and others about him, it is called feeble-mindedness of the erethric form, whereas as 
 a matter of fact it is dementia prrecox katatonia (or perhaps better dementia praecox 
 kataclonia), combined or uncombined with intelligence defect. We should always 
 remember that with the feeble-minded their emotional reactions do not differ from 
 the normals, except insofar as their place is reduced within narrower bounds. 
 
 There is no doubt but that many cases of pfropfhebephrenia have been mistaken 
 for cases of uncomplicated dementia praecox with secondary dementia. The previ- 
 ous history, where obtainable, will not only help to clear this up, but the two condi- 
 tions give both quantitative and qualitative reactions on the intelligence scale and 
 other tests which are quite characteristic and helpful for differentiation. 
 
 The presence of a pfropfhebephrenia which has been overlooked, and only an 
 uncomplicated den-.cntia praecox supposed to exist, may explain the microscopic 
 findings of atrophy and degenerative changes due to the defect of the intellect found 
 in the cortex in certain cases. Repeated katatonic attacks are also conducive to such 
 changes, just as repeated epileptic attacks are also supposed to be responsible for 
 similar alterations. 
 
 The right and wrong test, which is the legal criterion of mental responsibility, 
 was promulgated in 1843. It is applicable to but a few diseases, and these must be 
 
 — 30 —
 
 in such outspoken form in order to be applicable that the individual is incapable of 
 perpetrating most any of the ordinary crimes ; therefore this law, if rigidly inter- 
 preted, nullifies itself. The conditions to which it would apply would be those in 
 which intelligence defect is primarily involved, such as paresis, senile dementia, 
 feeble-mindedness, thereby omitting the large group of insanities in which the 
 affective or emotional sphere is primarily involved, and the intellectual only sec- 
 ondarily. Most of the continental criminal codes are so drawn up as to include the 
 affective or emotional insanities. 
 
 In the interrelationship between mental defectiveness and crime, certain forms 
 stand out more prominently than others, as, for instance, feel^le-mindedness, psycho- 
 pathic constitution and dementia pra^cox. We have termed the latter condition the 
 criminal psychosis par excellence, because of the active and predominant role it 
 plays in the causation of crime — as already outlined by us in a paper entitled, "The 
 Relation of Pfropfhebephrenia and Dementia Prsecox to Crime," read at the annual 
 meeting of the Alienists and Neurologists, Chicago, July 13, 1915, and published in 
 the Illinois Medical Journal, October, 1915 — and because of its very nature, which is 
 essentially a distortion and exaggeration of certain of the primary mental processes, 
 and makes of it a criminal psychosis in that it is responsible for environmental in- 
 adaptability. 
 
 Its very essence makes it at one and the same time the most prolific source of 
 disturbance and the most difficult to recognize, two ideas very hard for some of the 
 laity to assimilate, whereas such secondary symptoms as hallucinations, delusions, 
 etc., which are crassly unusual, occurring much more rarely, are easily recognized 
 by them when outspoken. 
 
 That we are dealing here with two distinct types of mental abnormality, which 
 in the vast majority of cases are hereditary, constitutional and at present incurable, 
 is beyond all doubt and is open to proof to any one, adequately prepared by sufficient 
 training and experience in clinic and institution, in medicir', psychiatry, neurology 
 and psychology, who cares to undertake such research. Tliese two classes readily 
 fall into well-defined and well-recognized types of mental defectiveness ; namely, the 
 Feeblc-Minded and the Dementia Pr?ecox groups, except that in the classes under 
 discussion the symptoms are not so clinically externally frank that it manifests itself 
 in such a positive and grotesque manner that it is patent to all. Our feeble-minded 
 institutions have been peopled until quite recently practically with ^'liots, imbeciles 
 and a few low grade morons. High grade morons were present in relatively in- 
 significant percentages. Among idiots, imbeciles and low grade morons mental 
 arrest occurs early and they manifest their defect betimes, and it renders them so 
 externally evident that the laity cannot help marking and grasping it. But with the 
 high grade morons, while they are as potentially defective in their sphere of thinking 
 and doing, it is not so outspoken as such, and to the comprehension of the laity is 
 as little understood as the relationship between outspoken epileptic attacks and 
 psychic equivalents. 
 
 The higher grade of psychopath and dementia prrecox is to the low grades or 
 outspoken insanities what the high grade feeble-minded, the moron, is to the lower 
 grade feeble-minded, such as imbecile and idiot. The two high grade divisions have 
 been the ,r and y of the criminological equation. 
 
 We see the determining role of dementia pra^cox as the great causative factor, 
 the Icit motif of crime, even where there is no intellectual defect, even in the earliest 
 years of childhood before quantitative intellectual arrest has taken place in cases 
 
 — 31 —
 
 tliat will eventually show this defect comhincd with dementia priecox, as well as in 
 cases never showing intellectual defect. We have seen cases with intelligence levels 
 ranging, as illustrations, anywhere from a low grade sociopath to average intelli- 
 gence, but having dementia precox, who were with or without institutional records 
 (it is hard to find a pr.xcox below these intelligence levels without such record) 
 take a place beside normal individuals, living under the same environmental condi- 
 tions, and the prrecox cases can be invariably depended upon to turn out unsatis- 
 factorily, even in spite of the fact that in numerous instances every allowance has 
 been made for them, but they cannot adjust themselves. It might be called the 
 disease or condition of inadaptability; it can well be regarded as the criminal 
 diathesis. 
 
 There is no doubt that many cases of dementia prscox whose symptoms be- 
 come patent around the ages of 17 or 18, when they first come in real contact with 
 the world, and get their first taste of world responsibility and all it demands, are 
 regarded as signs of a delayed puberty, whereas as a matter of fact such symptoms 
 in many instances are katatonic attacks developing under stress on the basis of 
 what is known as latent dementia praecox. 
 
 Among our dementia praecox cases most of the secondary dementia that we 
 see takes place after repeated katatonic attacks, just as we find dementia setting 
 in in epilepsy where the attacks are numerous. 
 
 We are encountering other psychoses in the courts as well as those just enu- 
 merated, but in relatively much smaller proportions, such as adult and juvenile 
 paresis. We also occasionally find a case of paresis florida, or galloping paresis ; 
 I. e., a rapid, fulminating, quickly terminating form running its course in about 
 six months and resembling in this respect phthisis florida. Occasionally we en- 
 counter a manic-depressive case, mostly of the hypomaniacal or hypomelancholiac 
 types, and some epileptics. Paretics are constantly finding their way into the courts, 
 but in much smaller numbers than the praecox, because the disease is recognized 
 early, though not as early as it should be, as our experience in the court with cases 
 whose presence there is due to this disease and whose crime is nothing more nor 
 less than a symptom of the disease constantly reminds us, and because the disease 
 runs a rather rapid course and sooner or later practically incapacitates its victim, 
 and because of its relative infrequency in comparison to dementia precox. Out- 
 side a few hypomaniacal and hypomelancholiac cases, manic-depressive insanity is 
 quite a rarity in the courts. When the symptoms are at all evident in these cases 
 they are promptly recognized and taken care of, and consequently environmental 
 conflict is anticipated just the same as it should be with psychoses equally as de- 
 tei;minant of abnormal behavior, which really in these cases constitute their 
 symptomatologj-, even though the symptoms are not so crass and bizarre according 
 to the popular conception of the layman's lunatic. As a rule, during the depressed 
 stage these cases are so inhibited that they lack all initiative to commit crime, 
 though on occasion they suicide. The outspoken maniacal stage is promptly recog- 
 nized and the case confined. We see a few epileptics, mostly in the Boys and Morals 
 courts and outside criminal branches, charged with sex crimes, principally exhibi- 
 tionism. However, most of our epileptics in the court show other psychopathic 
 conditions such as fceble-mindedness, dementia pra^cox, psychopathy, etc. 
 
 We have gone to the highest international authorities we could find for our 
 guides in the field of psychopathology. On tlie subject of the Psychopathic Consti- 
 tution we have followed in substance Ziehen ; on that of Dementia Prrccox. Bleuler, 
 
 — 32 —
 
 and in the remaining psyciioses and classifications, Kraepelin. In feeble-mindedness 
 we have relied on various American, English, French and other continental writers 
 and authorities. A writer's status in this field can be estimated from the discrimi- 
 nation he uses in his quotation of authors and authorities. 
 
 Since the psychopathic constitution and dementia praccox, either alone or com- 
 bined with feeble-mindedness, are the two principal psychoses that we find under- 
 lying delinquency, to say nothing of their responsibility for much of the friction of 
 our daily lives, and since the text books of the above mentioned authors have as 
 yet not been translated into English, we have undertaken to fill this gap at least 
 partially in the matter of definition of the above as laid down by these authorities 
 in their respective fields. 
 
 Professor Ziehen defines the Psychopathic Constitution^ as follows : 
 
 "Under the designation psychopathic constitution is included in the vast 
 majority of instances chronic, psychopathic conditions, which in their symptoma- 
 tology and course not only involve defect of the affectivity but also of the intelli- 
 gence, even though pronounced psychopathic symptoms, such as delusions, halluci- 
 nations, etc., do not intrude for any extended period. Where hallucinations and 
 analogous symptoms do appear they are solitary and the patient retains insight 
 into the condition. At the same time it should be appreciated that not infre- 
 quently the psychopathic constitution furnishes the soil for fully developed psychoses 
 such as melancholia, mania, paranoia, etc. 
 
 "A common characteristic of the psychopathic constitution appears also to 
 be the relative frequency and variety of accompanying neuropathic symptoms. 
 Regarding this, the designation psychoneuroses might be applicable here even 
 though it has been used heretofore in a much different sense." 
 
 He then subdivides the psychopathic constitution into the following groups, 
 the respective designations of which are fairly descriptive, and includes in each 
 case, except two subordinate types, a discussion of the mental and physical symp- 
 toms, course, issue, and prognosis, varieties and transitions, etiology, diagnosis, 
 therapy, pathological anatomy and pathology. The following is his classification 
 of the varieties of psychopathic constitution: I. Neurasthenic; neurasthenia. 
 II. Hysterical. III. Epileptic. IV. Two subordinate forms, the choreic and one 
 peculiar to Basedow's disease that 'sometimes is encountered. V. Hereditary- 
 degenerative. VI. Traumatic. VII. Toxic. 
 
 In general terms, dementia praecox may be regarded as an active instigator, 
 in contrast to feeble-mindedness, which might be regarded as a passive instigator 
 of crime. A defective intelligence is a misfortune; a defective affectivity a calamity, 
 and a defective intelligence and affectivity a catastrophe. When the story of 
 dementia praecox is finally written, it will be seen to have been at the bottom of, 
 potential to, not only the criminal situation but also to much of our civil, commer- 
 cial and social disturbances. Where there is any apparent or real overlapping of 
 the definition of the psychopathic constitution with that of dementia prascox on the 
 one side and with manic-depressive insanity on the other, we have been disposed, 
 through our study of the matter and our experience, to decide for dementia precox. 
 The brain, like other organs of the body, is made up of cells, connective tissue, 
 blood and lymph supply, etc, peculiar to itself just like the other organs, and like 
 them has many symptoms but few diseases. There are many mental symptoms 
 still classified as diseases, due to the descriptive level of thinking more or less innate 
 
 'Prof. Th, Ziehen: Psychiatric, 4th Ed., 1911. 
 
 — 33 —
 
 ... ihc clinical .nctl.od ..t approach, just as has been the case with other organs of 
 he o ly u i heir structure, functions, and pathology becan^e better known. 
 The grm-ping of various sympton^s according to their fundamental underbnng 
 ps'-hoUical basis, as in dementia prxcox, was one of the great contributions 
 of Kraci.elin and Rlculcr to the service of psychiatry. 
 
 It is much to be regretted that we cannot give a more extensive translation of 
 nieuler's work, as the discussion in it of the various symptoms and under ying 
 ns ydiopathy is most elucidating. Psychiatry has developed to such proportions 
 that no individual will be able to write a systematic treatise in the future, as has 
 been done in the past, as, for instance, by Kraepelin, and we will therefore hence- 
 forth have to depend on monographs covering the various subjects for our texts. 
 Bleulcr savs that the knowledge we possess of the group of diseases included in 
 the definition of dementia pra-cox is still too recent to allow of a competed all- 
 round treatment. He acknowledges psychiatry's indebtedness to Kraepelin, from 
 whom the entire idea of dementia precox is derived, and also its indebtedness to 
 Freud for his contributions toward further development in psychopathology, and 
 his assistants Riklin, Abraham and Jung at Burghoelzh. 
 
 The following definition and subject matter are translated from Professor 
 H Bleuler's monograph entitled, "Dementia Prascox," or "Die Gruppe der Schizo- 
 phrcnien,"' one of the series of monographs on the various mental diseases issued 
 in "Das Ilandbuch der Psychiatrie." 
 
 "The designation dementia prcTCOx or Schizophrenia represents a psychopathic 
 group, whose progress is sometimes chronic, sometimes acute ; may come to a stand- 
 still at any time or regress, though hardly ever to complete restitutio ad integrum. 
 The disease is characterized by alterations of a specific nature in the thinking and 
 feeling of the case and his relation to his environment not found elsewhere. Every 
 case exhibits a more or less outspoken cleavage of the psychical functions;' if the 
 disease is pronounced the unity of the personality is lost; so that it is represented 
 sometimes by this, sometimes by that psychical komplex.= There is an insufficiency 
 or a direct failure in the reciprocal controlling relationship between the various 
 complexes and tendencies; the flow of psychical complexes do not join any more 
 as under normal conditions to a conglomerate of tendencies with unitary results. 
 but instead some komplex, for the time being, will dominate the personality, while 
 at the same time other idea- or tendency-groups become split off or sidetracked 
 and are consequently entirely or partially neutralized. Often the ideas are only 
 fragmentary, fragments of ideas being wrongly combined to form new ideas. Even 
 conceptions lose their completeness, lacking one or several, often essential compo- 
 nents, and in many instances are only represented by separate partial ideas. 
 
 "The association process is often directed only through fragments of ideas and 
 concepts, and as a consequence they are not only incorrect but somewhat bizarre, 
 and for normals the unexpected and unusual. Very often association breaks 
 suddenly off in the middle of a thought, or in associations with other thoughts, at 
 least so far as it comes to consciousness (Sperrung — blocking-stasis) ; instead of 
 continuity of the association we find other new ideas emerging which neither the 
 
 'Hence the name Schizophrenia. 
 
 'Bleuler defines n Kompiex as an abbreviated expression or symbol for a complex 
 or constellation of ideas which is so strongly affect possessed or saturated that it ex- 
 erts a lasting influence on the contents of the psychical processes. As a concomitant 
 of the normal Influence of the affectivlty on the association processes, even among 
 normals, a Komplex shows a definite tendency to delimit itself, to acquire independence; 
 to become a resistant structure within the stream of changing ideas. 
 
 --34 —
 
 patient liimself nor the observer can consciously hitch up with the previous associa- 
 tions. 
 
 "Primary disturbances of the perception, orientation and memory are not dis- 
 coverable. 
 
 "In the most pronounced cases expressions of feeling are no more to be ob- 
 served. In lighter cases the only impression is the discrepancy in the degree of 
 reaction to varous occurrences ; and, in addition, the feeling reaction can vary in 
 intensity from one extreme to the other ; in the one case there will be complete 
 absence, in the other an exaggerated reaction. The reaction may also show qualita- 
 tive abnormalities as exemplified by inadequate reaction to the intellectual 
 processses. 
 
 "In addition to the above described signs of impairment, in the majority of 
 institution cases, other symptoms develop, as, for example, hallucinations and delu- 
 sions, confusion, stupor, fluctuations of the affectivity, maniacal or melancholic and 
 katatonic symptoms. Many of these accessory symptoms and symptom-complexes 
 bear a specific schizophrenic character, and as a consequence, when present, help 
 towards a diagnosis of the disease. There are many cases at large in which the 
 accessory syndromes have retroceded or entirely failed. 
 
 "Dementia prxcox has received the following preliminary classification into four 
 groups : 
 
 "1. Paranoid, in which hallucinations, delusions or both are at all times 
 conspicuous. 
 
 "2. Katatonia, in which katatonic symptoms are continuously or at least for 
 extended periods conspicuous. 
 
 "3. Hebephrenia, in which accessory symptoms appear without persistently 
 dominating. 
 
 "4. Simple Schizophrenia, in which during its whole course only the basic 
 symptoms are determinable. 
 
 "Concerning * * * manic-depressive insanity and Iiysteria, and in a certain 
 sense perhaps also paranoia, we are only acquainted so far with symptoms that 
 may also appear in dementia pra;cox. The differentiation of these psychoses from 
 dementia pr^ccox rests only in a plus on the side of the latter. All other psycho- 
 pathic conditions have their specific symptoms w^hich are not found in cases of 
 dementia prsecox. The fundamental symptoms are, so far as we know, characteristic 
 for dementia praecox, while the accessory symptoms may also be present in other 
 psychoses, though even here one can discover peculiarities in the genesis or the 
 manifestation of a symptom which is characteristically schizophrenic, and it is 
 most proliable, as our experience grows, that we will be able to discover this 
 characteristic in a large number of the accessory symptoms. 
 
 "It is quite obvious that in describing the symptomatology tliat only outspoken 
 cases can be taken as examples, but at the same time it is important to bear in mind 
 that cases exist of all gradations up to normal, and that the lighter, the latent 
 schizophrenia cases are much more numerous than the outspoken. On account of 
 the great fluctuations one finds in schizophrenia one should not depend upon finding 
 all symptoms at all times." 
 
 Diagnosis 
 
 "In outspoken cases of schizophrenia the diagnosis is very easy, but in the less 
 advanced forms it offers more practical difficulties than most any other psychosis. 
 
 "Here, as in every other disease, symptoms must attain a certain degree of 
 
 —■36 —
 
 inlcHMty Lcfur. tl.cy can l.c turned t.. clia«nu.lic account. At all events, however, 
 even in the linhtor schizoi-hrcnic cases there is to be found in the foreground a 
 quantity of manifestations showing marked fluctuations within those boundaries, 
 which if not regarded as normal, yet not as lunacy. Character changes, apathy or 
 indilTc'rencc. inertia, incompatibility, obstinacy, capriciousness, whimsicalness, 
 hypochondriacal complaints, etc., are not necessarily symptoms of a well-defined 
 in-^anily. yet. nevertheless, they are very often the only visible signs of the presence 
 of schizophrenia. As a result there is no disease in which the diagnostic threshold 
 is so high and latent cases so universal. 
 
 "Given a case of insanity the diagnosis of schizophrenia presents further diffi- 
 culties. Only certain psychotic symptoms are applicable in its recognition, and 
 these also in turn present a very high characteristic diagnostic threshold. Mania 
 and depression may accompany any psychosis; flight of ideas, mental stasis, and, 
 insofar as they do not bear specific qualities, hallucinations and delusions may 
 participate in a wide range of diseases. They serve often only to assist in the 
 diagnosis of a psychosis, but not to the diagnosis of schizophrenia. 
 
 "The symptoms peculiar to schizophrenia, insofar as they have as yet been de- 
 scribed, are not novel, as for example, a hallucination or speech disturbance of 
 dementia paralytica. They are distortions and exaggerations of normal processes.' 
 
 "Taken by themselves, individual symptoms are of less importance than their 
 intensity and extensity and above all their relationship to their psychological 
 surroundings. 
 
 "In the entanglement of psychical pathways there are many of them that lead 
 to the same end. While, for example, a person, during a tiresome lecture or 
 discussion, scribbling stereotyped scrolls or flourishes on paper lying at hand, 
 would have no pathological significance, such designs under other circumstances, 
 as for example, when inscribed within a momentous letter, are of themselves suffi- 
 cient to establish a diagnosis of schizophrenia. 
 
 "Many individuals appear to be outwardly indiflferent while preoccupied with 
 this or that thought and while the komplexes with their corresponding aflfectivity 
 still persist when their thoughts shift to other things, the feeling-reaction, however, 
 permits of being called forth when it is possible to direct their interest to other 
 themes. Furthermore, a reserved or taciturn character or an individual who has 
 been schooled in the direction of an exaggerated and intensified suppression of ex- 
 pression of the emotions (Americans, Japanese) may simulate such indiflference. 
 Consequently, throughout the following discussions the reader must constantly bear 
 these innumerable possibilities in mind, without having to be constantly reminded 
 each time that it is the accompanying circumstances, the entire psychic constella- 
 tion, that stamps it for what it is. 
 
 "It is especially important to remember that many normal processes may take 
 on a schizophrenic appearance conditioned by an affect, or that much may occur on 
 the periphery of our attention, or in our day and night dreams which are identical 
 with schizophrenic associaton disturbance and stereotypy ; as a consequence, for 
 example, in a condition of excitement such symptoms as stasis of ideas, confounding 
 of symbols with the reality, alteration of personality (transitivismus), neologisms, 
 are only of special diagnostic value when they are quite outspoken. Should, how- 
 
 'He adds the following foot note: "I hope, at all events, that the necessity of 
 differentiating the schizojihrenic rupture or cleavage of ideas and perhaps also that of 
 the general association processes from similar appearance occurring outside the field of 
 normal active attention will some day be appreciated and grasped." 
 
 — 36 —
 
 ever, such symptoms occur during periods of calm and collected consciousness, and 
 all the accompanying circumstances have been carefully evaluated, so then can the 
 diagnosis be made on the strength of any one such symptom. The more calm and 
 collected a patient is the less ground is there for the presence of an aflfect reaction 
 and consequently the lighter the grade of the symptom necessary to occasion the 
 diagnosis of schizophrenia. The same is true in differential diagnoses. Epileptics 
 may symbolize, confound concepts such as man and woman, produce neologisms, 
 but only when in a state of mental confusion. Hysterics may exhibit a marked 
 constraint of affectivity, but only under the direct spell of a komplex. Patients of 
 all kinds, as well as the healthy, can talk away from an issue when the occasion 
 demands (vorbeireden). Only schizophrenics exhibit this symptom under other 
 conditions. 
 
 "Significant for diagnosis is often the generalization of the symptoms. The 
 mental stasis which a normal has, when it is not an emotional stupor, only involves 
 the things in particular in which there is an affective accentuation. The schizo- 
 phrenic extends the stasis to all other possible ideas, and in marked cases there may 
 be a lasting blocking of the entire psyche. Confused concepts and ideas, as well as 
 logical failures, may be committed by any one upon occasion, especially if in a condi- 
 tion out of the ordinary, such as in exhaustion or in an affective state. The confu- 
 sion, however, would come and go with its provocation, while with the schizophrenic 
 it can make itself independent of any such circumstances. 
 
 "The schizophrenic symptoms need not necessarily be present every moment. 
 Of all m.ental diseases schizophrenia is the one offering the least prospect in which 
 this or that definite symptom can be found in this or that time. Even in advanced 
 cases, customarily appearing completely imbecile, it may not be possible in any 
 particular moment to demonstrate the emotional disturbance nor the characteristic 
 association changes. Not once in a thorough extensive examination might one be 
 able in every case to make an absolute diagnosis. 
 
 "It is obvious that cases in which the disease came to a standstill in the earlier 
 stages will be ordinarily overlooked by the laity and psychiatrists. One bickers away 
 a lifetime with a schizophrenic housewife. One finds every possible penalty provided 
 for incorrigible sons, or if one attempts to apply constraint it is frustrated because 
 the examining physician cannot certify to an insanity, or if he does at times the 
 asylum director will return the case to the despairing parents as sound or cured ; as 
 hysterics or much preferably neurasthenics they are put through all possible cures 
 and sanitaria until the means of the relatives are totally exhausted ; such cases arc 
 received in the hospitals and their hallucinated parturient pains are diagnosed as a 
 floating kidney; some gynecological deviation from the stereotyped form of the 
 books will be regarded as the cause of the trouble and local pelvic treatment insti- 
 tuted ; the cases are turned over to the police and the courts, the most inappropriate 
 disposition possible; they are taken earnestly and assisted in the organization of 
 societies against this or that social evil discovered by themselves or others, and 
 similarly much more along these lines is perpetrated under various guises that had 
 much better been left undone. 
 
 "Such occurrences cannot be expected to be anticipated in every case, but can 
 be at least reduced to a minimum if more thought and attention on the possibility 
 of the existence of one of the lighter grade of schizophrenia be borne in mind, 
 and an effort made to study and familiarize oneself with its symptomatology. 
 
 — 37 —
 
 ■ 111 (irtaiii cases cnidtioiial cxcitcnuiU may act as a reagent to make latent 
 symptoms manifest; in fact, there are certain-cases that only exhibit disturbances 
 of association, and afTectivity, neologisms, and the rest, when in such a condition. 
 Alcohol also many times may have the same effect and provoke a typical schizo- 
 phrenic oiitl)rcak which, under certain conditions, may persist long after the alco- 
 holic intoxication has disappeared. However, neither one of the above reagents 
 is effect ivo in all cases and furthermore for obvious reasons not to be recom- 
 mended either as such, experimentally. 
 
 "Nevertheless, it is not so impracticable as it would appear from Kraepelin 
 ([.ehrbuch der Psychiatric, II. Bd., S. 271), that there is not a single symptom of 
 itself that is pathognomonic for differential diagnosis. The association disturb- 
 ances, elsewhere described, and likewise the character of the hallucinations, are 
 characteristic and sufficient for a positive diagnosis. A general hemmed-in emo- 
 tionality is of equal value. 
 
 ".'\t all events, it must be emphasized that a period of from ten to twenty 
 years, with relatively few observers, is not sufficient in which to establish an opinion 
 with absolute assurance in all details. It may be possible that some day, one or 
 another of the symptoms that we now only ascribe to schizophrenia may in rare 
 instances be associated with other psychoses.' Furthermore, our knowledge- of the 
 psychoses still has its limitations and as a consequence the delimitation of schizo- 
 phrenia in the direction of the indefinite sjTnptom komplexes must of necessity be 
 one-sided as well as provisory in character. ' These limitations in the present state 
 of our knowledge must be borne in mind in the matter of diagnostic symptoma- 
 tology. 
 
 "If one is content to trust to probabilities he will find it the rule that the vast 
 majority of doubtful cases, if they are under observation for a period of years, 
 will turn out to be schizophrenics. The anamnesia discloses in a high percentage 
 of cases sufficient grounds for diagnoses which the accounts of the relatives permit 
 with absolute assurance to be recognized as schizophrenia. The behavior of many 
 of our cases is so markedly characteristic that it can be described by the laity with 
 fidelity. 
 
 "Important are the character alterations. A young man who has become 
 'changed' is in the majority of cases mentally alienated, and what is more, is most 
 probably a schizophrenic." Of just what degree of outspokenness the various 
 symptoms must be in order to establish a diagnosis of schizophrenia is difficult of 
 description. We have really no objective grade measure for the complicated mental 
 processes. We must therefore depend on experience and above all on the careful 
 evaluation of the attendant circumstances. 
 
 'This may well be the case with many symptoms that at present do not of neces- 
 sity determine the diagnoses of schizophrenia, but which nevertheless are of frequent 
 occurrence here and not in other psychoses. It is even possible that sometimes a case 
 other than schizophrenia may be found with preponderating hallucinations of hearing 
 and of the organs of the body, and a composed hebephrenic with preponderance of 
 visual and tactile hallucinations, though as a matter of fact, so far we have only come 
 to learn the reverse to be the case from our experience. 
 
 Jill '^'°#-^ *° be regarded as such character changes, for example, would be the pecca- 
 (linos of a weakhng when transferred to a new environment, whose conduct had been 
 exoniplary under the protecting wings of his parents, or when the reverse takes place. 
 Similarly, it is not to be regarded as a change of character when an individual beset 
 by two comiicting impulses, first one and then the other, depending on internal or ex- 
 ternal conditions, wins the ascendancy, which has the appearance of a conversion or a 
 horrible example of a fall from grace. If one guards oneself from such misunder- 
 standings, character changes become importantly significant. 
 
 — 38 —
 
 "Should the intensity of a symptom justify in general the diagnosis of a 
 psychosis, so is one able, when it is of specific significance, as a rule, to apply it as 
 a help towards differentiating the psychosis."' 
 
 Bleuler schematizes the condition into basic and accessory symptoms. 
 
 The Basic Symptoms 
 
 "The basic symptoms arise through the schizophrenic disturbances of the asso- 
 ciation processes and the aflfectivity, and through the tendency to substitute one's 
 own phantasy for the reality and to withdraw from the latter (autismus). .A.s 
 further diagnostic signs, diagnosis by exclusion, might be added the absence of 
 primary disturbances, for example of the perception, orientation, memory, etc., 
 which play an important role in certain other mental diseases. 
 
 ^(a) Altered ele- 
 mentary func- 
 
 The elementary V 
 functions. 
 
 (b) 
 
 tions. 
 
 Intact 
 tions. 
 
 func' 
 
 J TTT 
 
 III. 
 
 IV. 
 V. 
 
 The association processes. 
 The aflfectivity. 
 
 The ambivalence. (Paradoxical 
 character.) 
 
 Sensations and perceptions. 
 
 Orientation. 
 
 Memory. 
 
 Apperception. 
 
 Primary psycho-motor activity. 
 
 B. The combined functions. < 
 
 I. The autismus. 
 
 II. Attention. 
 
 III. The will. 
 
 IV. The personality. 
 
 V. Schizophrenic dementia. 
 
 \'^I. Behavior. 
 
 "The combined functions, attention, intelligence, will, psycho-motor activity, the 
 resultant of the combination of the preceding functions, are naturally disturbed inso- 
 far as the underlying elementary functions, of which only the association and afTec- 
 tivity are here involved, are themselves disturbed. Most important and a character- 
 istic schizophrenic alteration is that involved in the disturbance of the equilibrium 
 between the subjective and objective, between the inner life and outer world. The 
 inner life assumes a diseased preponderance over the outer (autismus). 
 
 The Accessory Symptoms 
 
 "It is not often that the basic symptoms are so outspokenly developed that they 
 land their victim in an asylum. It is the accessory symptoms that first render his 
 remaining in the family impossible, or it is through their manifestations that recogni- 
 tion takes place, as well as the seeking of psychiatrical help. They can be manifest 
 tiiroughout the whole course of the disease or only appear now and then. They 
 imprint themselves mostly as the outward stamp of the disease picture, and as a 
 consequence investigators previous to Kraepelin believed themselves to be able, 
 exclusively, according to these symptoms and their groupings, to delineate separate 
 diseases. 
 
 3U
 
 The mure familiar of the accessory symptoms arc the hallucinations and delu- 
 sions; in additiiin to these, but having found relatively little consideration, are the 
 disturbances of memory and the alterations of personality, speech, writing, and a 
 number of psychophysical functions which are found many times to be disordered 
 in the most irregular but typical manner. A special group of symptoms since Kahl- 
 baum have been grouped together under the designation of katatonic symptoms. All 
 of these disturbances may be either transitory in character or permanent. In addi- 
 tion to these, however, there are definite, acute symptom-komplexes made up of 
 combinations of symptoms already mentioned as well as others, which give the 
 appearance of being acute, independent psychoses; for us, however, they simply 
 represent episodes or exacerbations arising in the course of a chronic diseajse. 
 
 Accessory 
 symptoms 
 
 I. Illusions, hallucinations. 
 II. Delusions. 
 
 III. The accessory memory disturbances. 
 
 IV. The ego. 
 
 V. Speech and writing. 
 VI. Bodily symptoms. 
 VII. Katatonic symptoms — 
 
 (a) Katalepsy. 
 
 (b) Stupor. 
 
 (c) Hyperkinetic. 
 
 (d) Stereotypy. 
 
 Mannerisms. 
 
 Negativism. 
 
 Command automatism and echopraxia. 
 
 Automatisms. 
 , , Impulsivity. 
 VIII. Acute syndromes — 
 
 (a) Melancholic state. 
 
 Maniacal state. 
 
 Katatonic state. 
 
 Delusional state. 
 
 Absence — day-dream states (Ddmmersustdnde) . 
 
 Lethargic state. 
 
 Confusion, incoherence. 
 
 Attacks of rage. 
 
 Anniversary outbreaks. 
 
 Stupor. 
 
 Delirium. 
 
 Fugues, disappearing. 
 
 Dipsomania. 
 
 (e) 
 (f) 
 (g) 
 (h) 
 (i) 
 
 (b) 
 (c) 
 (d) 
 (e) 
 (f) 
 (g) 
 (h) 
 (i) 
 (J) 
 (k) 
 (1) 
 (m) 
 
 The Will 
 
 Bleuler, in discussing the will, says : "The will, the resultant of all the various 
 affective and associative processes, is naturally correspondingly disordered in the 
 greatest diversity of ways when the above processes are disordered, above all 
 through supineness of the feelings, affective inertia or insufficiency. 
 
 _ "Even cases with lighter" disturbances of the will find themselves, on account of 
 their abulia, not infrequently in conflict with their environment. The victims of 
 this condition appear lazy and careless, since they have no further disposition to 
 undertake anything either of their own initiative or at the command of others. 
 They may lie in bed by the year, or if, as in the lighter cases, they should have 
 Nnshes and desires, they do nothing towards the realization of them. In contrast to 
 
 40 —
 
 this we also encounter the other form of weakness of the will, of volitional inertia 
 characterized by an inability of its victims to resist impulses originating either from 
 within or without to satisfy their desires or fancies which many do instanter, some 
 without any reflection as to the consequences, some with full insight into the conse- 
 quences, but through lack of resistance, through inability to strive against them, 
 through supineness and indifference regarding such consequences.* With such 
 afifectivity they are capable of anj^thing, not excepting serious crimes. 
 
 "Under certain circumstances, however, one could speak expressly of a hyper- 
 bulia. Here the victims carry out with the greatest energy whatever they have set 
 their minds on, be it something rational or something irrational. They can then, 
 under such conditions, regardless of self, exert themselves to extremes, endure every 
 kind of pain and injury and allow nothing to dissuade them from their purpose. 
 Such cases can show a persistence under certain circumstances that will continue 
 for years. 
 
 Again one sees frequently the otherwise customary combination of weakness of 
 the wilP with obstinacy in which, under certain conditions, the one or the other 
 factor obtains the ascendancy. In general most of the victims appear capricious, 
 vacillating. They promise everything possible, fulfill nothing. Among inmates of 
 asylums it is of quite frequent occurence that they, for instance, will ask for work 
 only to reject such opportunity offhand when it is offered them. Similarly their 
 threats, quite as often, are not carried out. 
 
 "The occurrence of the symptom of stasis, blocking in the sphere of the will, 
 is readily recognized. Not infrequently the victim would really do something but 
 cannot because the psychomotor mechanism refuses. When such volitional stasis 
 persists we have a form of katatonic stupor, 
 
 "Under other circumstances again, irresistible and automatic impulses and 
 the various forms of command automatism may occur. These, however, belong 
 in the chapter on Katatonic Symptoms." 
 
 As examples of an interesting and fairly frequent type of the hyperbulic form 
 of dementia precox we include a brief sketch of the moral defect and the some- 
 what less frequent querulant type. 
 
 The prsecox case with moral defect — generally known simply as moral defect or 
 moral insanity or moral imbecility — is an interesting albeit pestiferous type of the 
 hyperbulic class, which occurs in both sexes, in court cases the male sex pre- 
 dominating. It is permanent, though subject to certain modifications of age, etc. 
 A sufficient heredity is always obtainable if searched for diligentlj\ Its principal 
 symptoms, which are evident in earliest childhood, are an uncontrollable egoistic 
 character of powerful impulses and instincts. Ideas of good and bad, right and 
 wrong, approach normal development, but the corresponding feeling-tone, which 
 makes such knowledge sentient, is lacking and consequently actions and behavior 
 remain uninfluenced by any ethical comprehension. This feeling of responsibility re- 
 mains absent, there is an absolutely moral callousness, an ethical anesthesia, con- 
 scienceless. 
 
 Its victims profess the deepest feelings of remorse for a delict and at the same 
 instant are deliberating a similar or other offense. As is obvious, it makes no 
 
 H^sually regarded as a sign of downright moral callousness by the uninitiated. 
 (Translator.) 
 
 '^WealtnesB of will used here not only in the sense of deficiency of "urge" (apathy), 
 but also in lack of endurance and unity (capriciousness, freakishness, fickleness), as 
 well as defective inhibition. 
 
 — 41 —
 
 (liffcrcmc ulio tlu-ir virlims arc, friends, relatives or strangers, there is an absolute 
 clhieal frigidity. They possess a very ready comprehension, but their reasoning is 
 ofllimcs erratic through influence of their Komplexes. 
 
 Their ofTenscs consist chiefly in confidence games, swindling, every known 
 art of juggliiiK with checks, much less often the ordinary grand and petit larceny. 
 They show a fondness for carousing with the opposite sex. Those that marry are 
 almost always sooner or later divorced. They often commit bigamy. Alcoholism 
 often complicates the picture. They arc fablers of the worst type, all the way 
 from deliberate fabrication to pseudologia phantastica, and always directly or in- 
 directly to their positive advantage, whereas with the ordinary case of pseudologia 
 phantastica it may be directly or indirectly to their disadvantage, though even here 
 in some instances, it begets sympathy. They tend to be foppish. They are com- 
 monly known as the black sheep of the family. They are immune to every art of 
 reform from exhortation to prison, and being devoid of insight through lack of 
 complcmental feeling-tone consider all censure as gratuitous and unjust. 
 
 In spite of all this they possess the most ingratiating personality imaginable, 
 which is their chief stock in trade, and which is often the means of saving them 
 from sentence to prison, which they are most resourceful in circumventing, though 
 most all sooner or later land there, but usually not until they have succeeded in 
 bringing their friends and relatives to financial ruin in keeping them out. There 
 is no class of delinquents who succeed in getting as many tryouts as these do. 
 There are, of course, lighter forms, but the type is well-defined and easily recog- 
 nizable wherever encountered, be it in pulpit, politics or business. The following 
 scheme illustrates in a rough way the relative position of the moral defect to its 
 correlated types. 
 
 Type of Crime. 
 
 I. The ordinary hold-up 
 man, burglar, thief, 
 gunman. 
 II. Safe-blower, pick- 
 pocket. 
 III. Confidence games, 
 swindlers. 
 
 Intelligence. 
 
 Mental age, 10.5—12.0. 
 
 Low and middle grade so- 
 ciopath. 
 
 Middle grade sociopath to 
 average intelligence. 
 
 Psychopathy. 
 
 Dementia praecox. 
 
 Dementia praecox. 
 
 Dementia praecox. 
 (Moral insanity.) 
 
 Moral defect may be regarded from one angle as a mental stigma of degen- 
 eration, similar to such circumscribed inabilities after sufficiently applied effort has 
 been made as not being able to commit a simple tune to memory, grasp simple num- 
 bers, not necessarily mathematics, spell, etc., — what has been designated mental 
 defect in contrast to mental defectiveness, even though the underlying mental 
 mechanisms may not always coincide. Such mental stigmata may be further con- 
 trasted with such stigmata as color blindness, anosmia (inability to smell), stutter- 
 ing, lisping, tics, etc., which latter, however, like inability to learn a tune, appear 
 to be conditioned by a defect of the special sense or motor organ involved. Some 
 of these organs, such as the retina, are considered by some investigators to be 
 projections of the brain. Whether, however, the defect is of central or peripheral 
 origin is undetermined in certain cases. The moral defect often has a broad, high, 
 receding forehead running down to a well-rounded but heavy supraorbital ridge, 
 which might almost be included with the other stigmata. All stigmata hark back 
 somewhere to a conjoined psychopathic origin. No cas'e should be diagnosed, how- 
 
 42 —
 
 ever, without taking in and evaluating the whole ensemble. Stigmata, in addition 
 to being divided into mental and physical, may also be divided into intrinsic and 
 extrinsic, some being much more significant than others. The list of physical 
 stigmata are innumerable, though but a few may occur in each individual, and in- 
 clude the various types of ear deviations and defects, the various cleavage stigmata 
 such as hare-lip, cleft palate, exstrophy of bladder, hypo- and epispadias, hernias, 
 etc.; also malalignment of teeth and malformations of palate, color anomalies of 
 irides, etc. 
 
 As a rule, however, the amoral dementia praecox case does not exhibit these 
 in any larger number than any other psychopath of similar intelligence level. An 
 opposite, correlated, though rarer, type also occurs, Folic du scruptde, in which 
 hyperscrupulousness, overconscientiousness, an exactiousness occurs, which later 
 tends to be used as the censor of the action of others as well as one's own. In con- 
 trast to the amoral type who is very vain, the scrupulous type shows a tendency to 
 self-disparagement in excess, an inverted ego, and it could be readilj' assumed that 
 should such types develop such psychoses as paresis, etc., that the sj-mptom kom- 
 plex of the one would be colored bj' the dementia praecox makeup and in the first 
 instance wo would have grandiose ideas and boastfulncss and in the second self- 
 reproach and self-abnegation respectively. 
 
 It also is a species of dementia praecox, a t\-pe in which the ideas of right are 
 overloaded, overcharged with complemental feeling-tone. Here, too, various de- 
 grees occur from such light grades that they are almost inappreciable to the casual 
 observer, becoming exaggerated at physiological and other stress periods, espec- 
 ially at puberty, senesence, or the senium, up to degrees so bad that it becomes a 
 typical obsession and they are a burden to themselves and others, and ofttimes find 
 their way into asylums. Their exactiousness may be carried over to an inordinate 
 order and discipline komplex (designated by certain psychoanalysts as the anal kom- 
 plex) and in some ways overlap the quernlans type. 
 
 Another type of the hyperbulic class closely related to the paranoid types is 
 the querulous form known as dementia praecox querulans, which is regarded by 
 some writers as an entity sui generis and termed by them litigious insanity. It 
 occurs in males and females, though among the cases getting into the court the 
 males predominate. A sufficiency of heredity is never lacking. It occurs in all 
 degrees from simple social incompatability, pedantisni, peevishness, preciseness, 
 contentiousness, doctrinarianism, exactiousness up to paranoid forms. 
 
 The principal symptoms are manifested in a supersensitiveness and overesti- 
 mation concerning the usurpations of one's rights and privileges. They are highly 
 sensitized, acrimonious individuals when their real or imaginary prerogatives are 
 invaded in fact or imagination. Very often real paranoid delusions are super- 
 added. They are suspicious of everyone where their touchy spot is involved. 
 They cleave to form rather than content, especially when it suits their purpose. 
 Like paranoiacs, they cannot be convinced of their errors, and everything becomes 
 secondary to redressing their imaginary wrongs. They regard every means of 
 righting their wrongs as legitimate — to them any and all means justify the end. 
 They resort to the most unusual legal processes to gain their end as they see it. 
 These cases are generally of fair average intelligence, but like the other praecox 
 cases their reasoning processes become erratic where their Komplex is involved, 
 which only permit them to evaluate what is to their advantage and ignore as well 
 as twist and turn any logical facts against their claims, lying and defaming as 
 
 — 43 —
 
 suits their purpose, showing presence of ethical defect. Like other praecoxes, they 
 arc often sex delicts. 
 
 The least injustice, be it merited or unmerited, will be sufficient to start end- 
 less processes, which will be carried through the courts to the highest tribunal. 
 Such cases during the trial constantly interject promptings into the proceedings, 
 seize on every possible technicality, complain about the judges and their own at- 
 torneys, of favoring the other side, lodge complaints with higher authorities against 
 the judges trying their cases, and try to see such authorities and appellate judges 
 to lodge complaint in the first instance and influence the judge in the second. He 
 sacrifices Iiis business, savings and family in his pursuit of justice, his case being 
 lost for want of sufficient grounds or the laws not covering the case. 
 
 When all court proceedings are finally exhausted he may take the law into 
 his own hands or may content himself with simply threatening all those involved. 
 As an illustration wc may refer to one of our cases. He is age 56, in the United 
 States 30 years, diagnosis higli grade borderland sociopath plus dementia prcseox 
 querulans. He has had three different lawyers in this one instance, all of whom 
 withdrew from the case. 
 
 Without the least semblance of a case he persists in seeking satisfaction, and 
 now threatens, since he cannot get it through the court, to take matters in his own 
 hands, and he and his friends will resort to guns and by this means bring the vil- 
 lainy of the court to the attention of the people, the higher authorities, and at the 
 same time secure satisfaction. His business, that took years of patient toil to es- 
 tablish, has been lost through neglect. The legal processes have cost him his 
 savings of years as well as his property and all the money he was able to raise 
 among his friends. 
 
 It is interesting to observe how often these cases can secure champions through 
 appealing in the name of justice, for the righting of wrongs, through their tales of 
 mistreatment and malpractice. Cases of this type often succeed in enlisting the 
 services and active support of prominent professional and business men over ex- 
 tended periods until the denouement when they in turn are generally drawn in and 
 lined up with the rest as plotters and conspirators. 
 
 Our experience with the heredity of dementia praecox cases with their as- 
 cendants and descendants practically convinces us that the condition is always 
 hereditary, that one can always find sufficient evidences to account for it in the 
 ascendants beyond what is customarily found in the average famiiy. This test has 
 never failed us. When one has a case of dementia praecox they can maintain 
 without fear of contradiction that in the immediately preceding relationship there 
 has been evidence of psychopathy, if not recognized outright as cases of dementia 
 praecox, yet indirectly under various combinations, such as chronic alcoholics, ne'er- 
 do-wells, criminals, suicides, wife beaters and deserters. The hereditary laws 
 involved here appear to be practically similar to those found among the feeble- 
 minded, a most significant fact in its bearing on other similarities between the two 
 conditions. 
 
 The transmission of mental defectiveness seems to be unusually intense both 
 in the direction of time as well as space, not only manifesting itself through gen- 
 erations, but being at the same time widely distributed throughout the lateral 
 branches. 
 
 The majority of systematic writers, however, regard dementia praecox as only 
 inheritable in from twenty to eighty per cent of their cases. Some wTiters systematic- 
 
 — 44 —
 
 Aly insist that it is an acquired disease and due to disturbance of the ductless 
 glands, auto-intoxication, etc., which theory, after all, seems to be but one step 
 removed from direct heredity ; the latter theory, like the one that the condition is 
 always hereditary, has at least the merit of consistency, whereas the theory that 
 claims it is sometimes hereditary and sometimes acquired finds itself on the horns 
 of a dilemina with two irreconcilables. We must always, of course, keep the dis- 
 tinction clear in mind between transmission that is congenital, as, for instance, 
 acquired lues transmitted from parent to offspring, and that which is hereditary, 
 as, for instance, where we see dementia praecox running through generation after 
 generation, including not only the parents and their grand and great grandparents, 
 etc., on one or both sides, but also the uncles, aunts and cousins through similar 
 generations. In case history taking, all diseases and diatheses appearing through- 
 out the family should be recorded and appear on the heredity charts except in 
 special case studies. Such data would no doubt enhance our information in this 
 field materially. Tuberculosis, for instance, is especially conspicuous in our his- 
 tories. 
 
 We become more and more convinced that instead of calling dementia praecox 
 a disease it should rather be called a condition like feeble-mindedness, and that it, 
 like feeble-mindedness, is present practically at birth. Certain forms of praecox 
 in comparison to feeble-mindedness of the intellectual side, might be considered 
 forms of feeble-mindedness of the affective side. Feeble-mindedness of the in- 
 tellectual side and dementia praecox may exist in the same individual, in various 
 degrees, when it is called pfropfhebephrenia, or they may exist independently. In 
 our opinion pfropfhephrenia, which means dementia praecox hebephrenia grafted 
 on feeble-mindedness of the intellect, is a misnomer; as we feel they are coinci- 
 dental, and the idea of dementia prrecox being grafted as erroneous, however, 
 the word has gone into the literature and it would only lead to confusion to change 
 it now or introduce a new designation, and our theories also await further accept- 
 ance. We would only add, however, that we should also speak of pfropfkatatonia, 
 pfropfparanoides, etc., though the paranoides cases are seldom seen at all well 
 developed in individuals below the low grade sociopath group as there is not suffi- 
 cient mentality below this level with which to elaborate and work up delusions and 
 systematize them to any extent. In the light paranoid forms we see the pressure 
 of the dementia praecox komplexes working out the premises in which the wish is 
 father to the thought with a finesse in proportion to their intelligence, adding a 
 point here, leaving one out there with what would be regarded by the uninitiated 
 as arrant cupidity and moral callousness beyond ordinary belief — twisting, omit- 
 ting, adding half-truths, innuendos, etc., all besmirched with praeco.x komplexes of 
 the most resistless urge, to support conclusions which, as far as the premises go, 
 are quite logical. The work of such wish building is clumsy or fine according to 
 the intellectual capacity and the pressure of the komplexes. Such praecoxes, where 
 there is no especial intellectual defect and a not too outspoken praecox defect, re- 
 main unrecognized as such b}' the uninitiated, and they leave a trail after them 
 throughout their lives, as unfortunate for themselves as for others whose paths 
 they cross. They manage pretty well to keep just within the law. 
 
 Paranoia may be regarded as a more refined form of paranoides, the same 
 mental mechanisms seeming to be at play in both forms. The intelligence is 
 usually higher and the komplexes are more circumscribed, thus increasing in in- 
 tensity and decreasing in extensity. 
 
 — 46 —
 
 In this connection it nii^lit lurthcr be found helpful to rearrange the various 
 symptoms now subsumed under the head of katatonia, into two groups, the akinetic 
 and tiic hyperkinetic. I'or the former we could reserve the designation of kata- 
 tonia (catatonia) and would continue to include such symptoms as katalepsy, 
 stupor, mutism, negativism, passive melancholia, attonita, etc., for the hyperkinetic 
 wc c<iiild designate l)y some such word as kataclonia (from Kara K\ovi w 
 strengthening) which would take over such symptoms as impulsiveness, stereotypy, 
 nianntrisnis, spontaneous automatism, cchopraxia, echolalia, active negativism, mel- 
 ancholia agitata, etc., up to mania. 
 
 The field of interplay between the intellect and affectivity opened up by the 
 positive methods of the psychological approach to mental diseases or conditions 
 is of the most elucidating import, clarifying, as it does, much doubtful material and 
 confusion in the realm of symptomatology, ensuing dementia, prognosis, behavior, 
 possibilities, etc. The hereditary factors here in the various combinations also ofTer 
 a most promising field of study. 
 
 Since fceble-mindedness and dementia praeco.x are the result of an hereditary 
 mechanism and, therefore, constitutional, and since we may assume in general 
 terms the cortex to be the part of the brain involved in the first case and the basal 
 ganglia as the part involved in the second, it is only natural to suppose that both 
 the above divisions would be subject more or less equally to deleterious hereditary 
 influence, and consequently we would be more apt to get cases as typified in 
 pfropfhcbephrenia, katatonia, etc., than either strictly alone. The fact that the 
 cortex is phylogenetically younger and more unstable, and consequently more sus- 
 ceptible to certain deleterious influences, must be considered ; on the other hand, 
 the fact that the basal ganglia are older, render this part of the brain more ex- 
 posed to degenerative processes or even to the evolution of new types. That the 
 various mental and other pathological conditions are always degenerative in the 
 sense of atavistic is not so certain, the possibility of the evolutions over the years 
 of new types impresses itself on one sufficiently to suspend final judgment in the 
 matter for the present. It would seem, at all events, whether it is a matter of 
 atavism or evolution, that everything should be done to anticipate the heredity of 
 the mass of such individuals. 
 
 The fact that, in mental defectives with combined defect of both intellectual 
 side and affective side, as pfropfhebephrenia, for example, the condition remains 
 static in the vast majority of cases, to all intents and purposes, is a further proof 
 that both conditions are often of common origin — that it is a constitutional condi- 
 tion, both cortex and basal ganglia having suffered in the common underlying in- 
 terference with development or other deleterious action. 
 
 According to this, also, we would expect to find a high percentage of mental 
 defectives with only intellectual defect to be acquired feeble-mindedness and due 
 to trauma, inflammation, etc., on account of the exposed position of cortex and 
 affected during developmental years, and we might also regard somewhat similarly 
 disease of the basal ganglia, though in a high percentage of cases disease, inflamma- 
 tions, trauma, etc., would be as apt to affect both seats more or less, making due 
 allowance for probable earlier ripening of the affective elements. The influence of 
 hereditary paucity of factors of safety in terms of lessened resistance must also be 
 considered. In feeble-mindedness the neurological findings help us to place its 
 advent ontologically. 
 
 It would be helpful if writers discussing the transmission of unit characters 
 
 — 46 —
 
 would try to remember that if they were not organically based they could not be 
 hereditary and that there must be some physical basis on which to transmit these 
 characters, which most obviously would be the nervous system, and if they would 
 discuss the two together in the relationship of transmission of characters, it would 
 be much more clarifying. As it is now, they leave us with the belief that there 
 is another state beyond the nervous system existing and transmitting. 
 
 The influence of transmitting, instead of positive defects, negative defects, i. e., 
 lessened factors of resistance or safetj-, with their ensuing proclivity to disease or 
 trauma, is also worth attention. Such brain conditions, however, are not analogous 
 to the myopathies. 
 
 In separating mental defectiveness into the two great classes, namely, intelligence 
 defect, subdivided into idiots, imbeciles, morons, sociopaths, etc., as well as other 
 organic diseases primarily affecting the cortex, as paresis, senile dementia, arter- 
 iosclerosis and other degenerative processes, as well as the effects of the narcotics, 
 and into affective defect, under which is included the majority of the insanities, 
 certain of the defects of the affective side of the personality, such as dementia 
 praecox, may be well classified in the same way that we do intelligence defect, or 
 subnormality, with corresponding quantitative or qualitative lack of development, 
 which may be compared in degree to idiots, imbeciles, etc., of the intelligence side, 
 such difference here as there manifesting itself quite clearly in the resulting be- 
 havior. Like feeble-mindedness of the intelligence side, they show on the whole 
 a relative invariabilit}-, except, perhaps, that it is more manifest in the earliest days 
 of life than intelligence defect, except in the most outspoken cases of the latter, 
 the low-grade idiots, for instance, and tending, if at all, in certain forms towards 
 aggravation, whereas those with intelligence defect alone show, on the contrary, 
 over relatively long periods of time a slight improvement through long repetition 
 of simple acts, by the processes of accretion rather than assimilation, or the actual 
 working up of such knowledge through analysis and sj^nthesis as part of the web 
 and woof of their general intelligence fund. Intelligence and affectivity may be 
 regarded respectively as our mental capital and credit. The effects of our strengths 
 and weaknesses here are cumulative in their scope. 
 
 Bleuler says, in his monograph discussing the differential diagnosis between 
 the various degrees of feeble-mindedness and dementia praecox, that all degrees 
 of feeble-mindedness have the following in common: 
 
 "It begins intrauterine, or in early life, and is substantially non-progressive. 
 Affectivity very irregular, though in principle not departing from the normal. 
 The extent of the variation appears where possible still greater than with normals. 
 Absence of stifling of the affectivity. Associations restricted intellectually to the 
 immediate, nearest at hand reactions. Dementia praecox shows association dis- 
 turbance of different nature, as well as typical disturbance of the affectivity." 
 
 It will be seen throughout that there is practically an interdependence between 
 the mental age, representing the basic intelligence and chronological age after the 
 early developmental stages, showing that the mental level when reached remains 
 static. It represents our mental capital and when it is too low it inevitably leads 
 to socio-economic bankruptcy. The affective side of our mentality represents our 
 credit, our enterprise, and stands in more or less interdependence to the amount of 
 capital ; when it has shortcomings it, too, leads to inevitable socio-economic bank- 
 ruptcy, even though the mental capital should be high. 
 
 By the psychological approach to mental disease we have an excellent control 
 
 — 47 —
 
 „f s.imilatiun as well as dissimulation, which is and can be so readily attempted 
 where the ordinary clinical diagnostical mcliiods alone have to be relied upon. We 
 have liad a few cases attempt simulation of clinical symptoms which we promptly 
 uncovered by the psychological tests. We have had the same experience with a 
 larRcr number of dissimulators who suspected all was not right with them, and 
 who did not want to be committed to an asyUim. Several paranoid cases with good 
 intclliKcncc attempted this. Several of our cases attempted dissimulation of their 
 insanity, preferring to take a sentence in the penitentiary to a commitment to an 
 asylum, which meant permanent custodial care. Regardless under which heading 
 one is disposed to subsume the various psychopathological signs or symptoms that 
 Bleuler has analyzed out and grouped under the heading of "Die Gruppe der 
 Schi/ophrenien," we must acknowledge his great service to psychopathology, as well 
 as the fact of the undisputed existence of such psychopathic states and intelligence 
 defects and their correlation to crime. 
 
 Furthermore, no matter what name one chooses to subsume the various symp- 
 toms under, one thing remains certain, and that is that in general terms the de- 
 linquent is a defective according to the tests which show beyond all cavil that his 
 mental processes are abnormal and his abnormal behavior is but a sign or symptom 
 of his abnormal mental makeup. 
 
 At present the future of psychiatry lies in the psychological approach, just as 
 we find our ability to detect functional change in other organs in a large percentage 
 of disease is within reach much earlier than detection of anatomical changes. We 
 know that in paresis, for instance, the anatomical and even serological changes are 
 quite far advanced before the ordinary clinical signs are available for diagnosis, 
 while the psychological or functional signs are practically not only co-existent with 
 them, but offer some immediate and practical prospects of securing early definite 
 detection through further refinement of methods. 
 
 We have been calling latent dementia praecox, simple and pre-dementia prae- 
 cox, not that in any of these cases the process is actually latent, for if it was we 
 could not diagnose it, as our tests are made on the patient's thinking and acting 
 processes, and it is these processes which make up his daily behavior, consequently 
 where dementia praecox is diagnosable we must also say that his behavior is in- 
 fluenced by it, and that the dementia praecox is not latent. However, there are 
 quantitative differences, from almost normal to extreme mania. 
 
 The regular neurological examinations of our patients have furnished much 
 information of the most positive nature; a fairly high percentage of our cases 
 showing qualitative and quantitative alterations of the neurological reactions which 
 furnish quite concrete corroboration of our other findings. Where available, we 
 include such findings in our written reports to the judges. 
 
 The space is not available, nor is this the place for such technical discussions 
 which do not appeal to the general interest, and we will publish and discuss such 
 findings elsewhere. The same is also true of a considerable collection of anthro- 
 pological, anthropometrical and heredity data we have made. 
 
 The following statistics and analyses will afford a view behind the scenes of 
 what is being daily staged in our courts. 
 
 48 —
 
 Mrs. \| \|{1K K. IIICKSON 
 
 Assistant 
 Psychopathic Laboratoiy
 
 THE BOYS COURT. 
 
 The Boys Court of the Municipal Court of Chicago was inaugurated April 1, 
 1914, through the instrumentality of Chief Justice Olson and the Associate Judges 
 of the court, of whom the following formed the committee: chairman, Chief 
 Justice Olson, and Associate Judges Hopkins, Scully, Goodnow and Caverly. With 
 the co-operation of interested social workers who had assisted in the introduction 
 of the Juvenile Court with its psychopathic institute for the study of problem 
 cases, and actuated by the same motives, namely, to segregate boys from older 
 and hardened ofifenders, they worked for the establishment of the Boys Court 
 and the Psychopathic Laboratory. The director of the laboratory, however, through 
 having had experience in the clinics of Ziehen, Bleuler, Kraepelin and others on 
 the continent with cases of all ages from the juvenile to the senile delinquents, 
 male and female, sent for diagnoses, decided with the consent of Chief Justice 
 Olson and his associates, to institute the same system here in order to include 
 cases from all the various branches of the court, especially the Morals, Domestic 
 Relations, with its bastardy branch, and the outside criminal branches, in order to 
 all the better study the problem of the delinquent, both in its individualistic and 
 general aspects, thereby considerably enlarging the scope of the laboratory. We 
 also adopted the continental idea of concentration, carrying it in this particular 
 beyond anjlhing abroad, in that we devoted the work of the laboratory exclusively 
 to the study and examination of delinquents, whereas abroad such cases are taken 
 care of in the general clinics and formed but a relatively small part of the daily 
 examinations, and while we were cognizant abroad that we could rarely submit a 
 report to the court in which we could certify to a delinquent's normality and 
 responsibility, yet we were not able to realize this fact in its full significance until 
 we handled the cases en masse as the specialized courts with specialized laboratory 
 permitted us to do and when these two were brought together the true situation 
 was at once laid bare. We therefore had to cut out our own path of procedure 
 largely as there were no other similar institutions in operation from which we 
 could pattern. 
 
 The Boys Court affords us a strong focus on the whole criminal situation for 
 practically all criminals begin their careers before the age of 21. Practically all 
 those who have already been in the Juvenile Court eventually get into the Boys 
 Court too, as well as later into the Criminal Court, consequently a study of the 
 findings in this court orients us pretty thoroughly on the whole subject of crim- 
 inality. The fact that most criminals begin their careers in these early years and 
 are not scattered indefinitely over different ages is significant in more ways than one. 
 It shows that the tendency to conflict with environment is laid down in him from 
 the beginning and as soon as he has occasion, as he develops, as he is called upon 
 in the struggle of life to test out his strengths and weaknesses on his environment, 
 he fails. This is clearly shown by our cases in their very earliest trials, and it is 
 but a further confirmation of the findings of the laboratory in regard to their 
 underlying defectiveness as well, that in spite of all the efforts to reform these 
 cases by special schools, homes, probation, isolation from older, hardened crim- 
 inals — in the Juvenile Court from the Boys Court and in the latter from the other 
 criminal courts — they continue their careers unabated. 
 
 — 49 —
 
 Ill 
 
 i)i the specialized courts the Boys Court deals essentially with criministic 
 ...atcrial and it is therefore of special interest from the viewpoint of crime, 
 criminals jurisprudence, socio-economics and abnormal psychology in this rela- 
 tionship. ' In the matter of crime it is in contrast with the other specialized courts 
 in that it deals proportionately more largely with what are known as the funda- 
 mental crimes, such as burglary, larceny, hold-ups, homicide, etc., in contrast, for 
 instance, to the Domestic Relations Court, where family disturbances, such as 
 non-support, abuse, desertion, bastardy, contributing to the delinquency of children, 
 etc.. arc disposed of, or the Morals Court, where prostitution plays the chief role, 
 or the outside criminal branches, where disorderly conduct and the like forms the 
 bulk of the work, tliough there is, as a matter of fact, much direct and collateral 
 relationship and fundamental equivalency, running through all these various 
 branches, the type of cases in one court being but the expression in its own terms 
 for the others, dependent upon such secondary factors as age, sex, etc. Many of 
 our male and female Domestic Relations Court cases hark back to the Boys and 
 Morals Court, the girls in the Boys Court as complaining witnesses and both in 
 the Morals Court, where often they have been married, in most instances more 
 or less forced, or they are recruited from the forced marriage ranks of the 
 bastardy court. The Morals Court connects up, as partially explained above, di- 
 rectly in handling boys who have been also in the Boys Court and also indirectly 
 by the fact that many of the girls in the Morals Court are the sisters and ofttimes 
 the mothers of our Boys Court cases. Many of our bastardy cases eventually 
 turn up again either in the Morals Court or the Domestic Relations Court. The 
 outside criminal branches dispose preliminarily, on numerous charges of disorderly 
 conduct and the like, of a great many of the cases that finally come into the 
 Domestic Relations Court when the patience of the wife and family has been finally 
 worn out. It is quite remarkable how long and how intensely these men and 
 women, where thej- are the respective complainants, will suffer before they complain 
 to the court, many times because both are to blame, often, however, through their 
 helplessness, many times, though, through sheer patience. 
 
 Then we find a certain number of our graduates from the Boys Court, when 
 they come to be beyond the Boys Court age, turning up in our outside criminal 
 courts. Their sisters furnish much of the material of the bastardy court. It will 
 be seen then that there is a family unity which comes out so regularly in our 
 family histories in all of these courts and they treat but separate sides of it. This 
 iinitariness is further emphasized in the high degree of recidivism they all show. 
 
 As a corollary to what has been said above in relation to crime in the Boys 
 Court, we deal here essentially with criminals, that is, those committing the so-called 
 fundamental crimes, and from this standpoint alone offer much subject for study 
 as well as food for thought. We find all such apprehended daily in a city of two 
 and a half million population, as well as similar individuals from all the smaller 
 communities who tend to congregate in the larger cities where detection is 
 diminished and opportunities greater. We thus see them en masse, which offers 
 unusual opportunities for detecting common mental and physical traits. We study 
 them medicallj', including their physiology, nutrition, psjxhology, etc. ; anthropo- 
 logically, such as stigma of degeneration, nationality, etc. ; and anthropometrically, 
 such as stature, weight, and other measurements ; educationallj- — their school 
 records, truancj", subnormal classes, grade, etc. ; and economical!}- — we have seen 
 that in the life of the individual we have physiological and psychological critical 
 
 — 50 —
 
 periods, so also do we have economic critical periods, one of which comes within 
 the ages covered by the Boys Court. It is in these j^ears that he must find himself 
 and be about his work. He is expected to become self-sustaining or mostly so, 
 and therefore has to measure his abilities with the world. 
 
 Perhaps one of the most impressive features about our cases is the matter of 
 recidivism, all the way from our bastardy court up to the Boys and Morals courts. 
 
 The bastardy cases repeat in that court a certain number of times and then 
 appear in the Domestic Relations and Morals courts. Their children follow fast 
 in their footsteps. Domestic Relations Court cases repeat and repeat, receivejlj: 
 assistance, advice, admonition, continuations, probation. House of Correction!, 
 sentences. Thej' gravitate in a large proportion of cases into the divorce court.' ■ 
 separations, alms house, insane asylum, feeble-minded institutions, penitentiary, etc. 
 Their children on the whole repeat the Municipal Court cj'cles. 
 
 It is difficult to determine, as there are no identification records kept of sufficient 
 control, exactly how much repeating there is in the Morals Court, but it is no doubt 
 even higher than in the Boys Court, as prostitution is of necessity more or less 
 openly and frequently carried on. An insignificant few are first offenders ; most 
 have already had Juvenile and other court records. These cases terminate largely 
 in the alms house, insane asylum, feeble-minded institutions, etc. Many of them, 
 almost all, have given birth to children in their earlier days, who keep up the 
 traditions. 
 
 Recidivism 
 
 Recidivism is much the crux of the whole criminological situation, while at 
 one and the same time it is the most illuminating and also most discouraging 
 symptom in that it shows the hopelessness of our present methods of dealing with 
 crime, and that therefore there must be something fundamentally wrong because 
 it confirms our findings that the underlying cause in the vast majority of cases is 
 an incurable hereditary constitutional mental defectiveness. In the following pages 
 two sets of statistics bearing on this are given, one compiled by us from the Boys 
 Court records, in the Bureau of Social Service, and the other from the laboratory 
 records, and while necessarily incomplete, nevertheless they show with sufficient 
 clearness this feature of the subject. The statistics compiled from the Boys Court 
 records are only approximate, since there is no system of identification in operation 
 there beyond what recognition is possible for the social worker who fills in such 
 data on cards as name, address, etc., each morning, and what admissions of previous 
 arrests the boys choose to make. Another big defect in the control of repeaters is 
 the fact that the Bo\'s Court only handles cases between the ages of 17 and 21, 
 and since there are a large number of these boj's reaching the age of 21 each j-ear 
 and dropping out of the Boj'S Court supervision, we lose track of them. Another 
 reason for lack of control is the fact that the court is only three years old and 
 we have no records on that large group of cases that were of the Boys Court age 
 and committed crimes before the Boys Court was established. We also have no 
 control beyond their own admissions as to whether they have ever been in the 
 Juvenile Court and the number of times, nor their criminal careers after they are 
 beyond the Boys Court age. There is another group we lose track of who have 
 been in Pontiac and other reformatories and who broke their parole and are 
 returned to be re-reformed without going through the Boys Court. There is 
 another group at both extremes of the Boys Court age who have records in the 
 
 — 51 —
 
 t..url an. I. U. bidc-.stci) llicin, lie about their age to evade the Boys Court with its 
 records. Another group is made up of those serving sentences who might be sent 
 away for several years, say from age 18 to 21 to Pontiac, for instance, and we 
 would therefore only have them under control for one year. A certain percentage 
 die violent or natural deaths. The court will have to be at least four years in 
 operation before it can control its minimum record, that is, delinquents reaching 
 ages 17 up to 21. 
 
 I l-'rom the opening of the Boys Court April 1, 1914, to July 1, 1917, a period of 
 
 iliirty-ninc months, there appeared 18,696 defendants, credited with 24,424 arrests, 
 an average of 1.31 arrests to a boy in the Boys Court. This latter index is bad 
 enough as it is, but it hardly even approximates the true condition of affairs, for 
 in the first place the court has not been running long enough to control statistically 
 the extent of repeating done by our cases, as before the inauguration of the court, 
 April 1, 1914, we had no records at all kept on them and many of those coming 
 before the court had already received more or less extended sentences. Second, 
 the age span covered by the Boys Court is rather short, namely, age 17 to 21, and 
 consequently in the beginning a certain percentage of our cases were passing 
 beyond our jurisdiction and statistical control, above the average which will remain 
 more or less static after the court is four years old. And, thirdly, we have no 
 means of identification other than memory of the judges, who change more or 
 less, or the memory of the social worker in charge of preparing the cards on the 
 boys coming up for trial daily, or the frankness of the boys themselves. Quite a 
 few repeaters slip through as first offenders, some being known to have as many 
 as half a dozen aliases. There are a certain percentage of boys on parole from 
 Pontiac and other reformatories who commit crime, but are transferred back to 
 such institutions and consequently do not go through the Boys Court as they should, 
 and the record is therefore not kept up. Ultimately we will find that the average 
 arrests to a boy in the Boys Court, to say nothing of those before and after, will 
 be much higher when we overcome the present obstacle of short existence of the 
 court and control of this group and lack of exact methods of identification, though 
 the former rather than the latter is more responsible for the deficiencies here. 
 We have only had full track since the opening of the court of the small group of 
 boys who were then aged seventeen. Those over that age were lost for our 
 statistical control sooner or later as they approached the age limit of twenty-one. 
 
 It would be very elucidating if we could control the statistics on our cases 
 throughout their careers, both before and after the Boys Court age, as we know 
 indirectly that they appear in very large numbers both in the Juvenile Court before 
 they come to us and in the Criminal Court after theyjeave us.' The curve of arrestg^ 
 starts at about age six and rapidly rises. Since there is a certain percentage of 
 cases, relativefy small though it^sTthat begin their criminal career, or rather are 
 first arrested, at or shortly beyond age 21, it might be advisable to extend the 
 Boys Court age a year or two to take these in, and thus extend to these also 
 whatever beneficent influences the Boys Court stands for, not that we can discern 
 any tangible results from such influence on mental defectiveness from which, we 
 are convinced, the vast majority of our delinquents are afflicted, with the exception 
 of a small group of borderland cases that might be amenable to such influences. 
 Such an attitude is quite consistent with the average court and its objective attitude 
 towards crime an,l criminals, though here again we find that the specialized courts 
 
 — 52 —
 
 r- 
 
 \ 
 
 of the Municipal Court of Chicago do not blindly hold to this theory and do not 
 hesitate to deviat e from it to do a piece of constructive work. 
 
 The above figures give an average of 628.71 arrests per month represented by 
 479.38 respondents. The above is only the average, which exhibits slight seasonal 
 variations, but is static from year to year, relatively to population. 
 
 We have also compiled statistics from these records which show that in this 
 period there were 1,538 sentences to the House of Correction, represented by 1,462 
 delinquents or an average of 1.05 sentences to a case for the short period covered 
 by our records. This, of course, does not include those put on probation, committed 
 to Pontiac or held to Criminal Court, fined or discharged. We have further 
 computed the statistics on the Juvenile Count history of our group and find a 
 total of 2,071 arrests credited to 1,392 boys, or an average of 1.49 arrests to a boy. 
 We have every reason to believe that this is quite under the reality, but the 
 recorder had to depend entirely on the frankness of the boys for this data. 
 
 \^Tien we -figure otrtth^e percentage of repeaters in onr t:ourts,"everi though 
 we have very little direct control after all of the really great extent of recidivism 
 that we know to exist through our daily experience in touch with the cases, the 
 number of crimes, amount of prostitution, number of desertions, beatings, etc., 
 committed by the cases from the Boys, Morals, Domestic Relations and other 
 courts, respectively, before they are apprehended, is not recorded, though we know 
 it is very high. It is not uncommon for a boy to have perpetrated ten, fifteen or 
 twenty thefts, hold-ups, etc., before he is caught. The years from 17 to 21 of the 
 Boys Court allow of but a very small span in which to get data on this subject, 
 since if a boy is caught when he is 19 and given a sentence that runs two years, 
 we have only had him under observation from age 17 to 19; if at the same time 
 he is finishing a term begun before he was of Boys Court age, gets out when he 
 is 18 or 19 and is soon rearrested and given another sentence, sent back to Pontiac, 
 for instance, we have practically had him but a very short time. 
 
 If we compute the average in the Boys and Juvenile courts our cases show 
 an average of 2.80 arrests to a boy. This does not include the numerous arrests 
 which these boys have undergone after they passed beyond the Juvenile Court 
 
 age and before the establishment of the Boys Court. - — 
 
 — --inhese hoys were curable, one dose of such medicine as commitment to any 
 of the juvenile and other custodial and reform institutions would be enough, as 
 they have an antipathy toward them and toward recommitments quite pitiable to 
 behold, in spite of the fact that they fortunately do not always have the same 
 degree of sensitiveness about it that normals would, but neither does one dose nor 
 several make any impression, regardless of how well equipped such institutions 
 may be for their work where the case is defective. All such institutions, just like 
 our schools, should have defective classes, though here the relations would be 
 reversed. In the schools the normals make up the majority, in the reformatory 
 schools and institutions the defectives make up the bulk. However, some provision 
 should be made to separate those above the outspoken defective grade, such as 
 the borderland cases. " 
 
 Several of our boys who have committed murder have either been hanged or 
 are serving life sentences. Most of these cases had been examined and diagnosed 
 by us on occasions of arrest previous to the murder and all found defective and 
 they could easily have been isolated and the homicides anticipated. All these cases 
 Iiave extensive previous criminal records. 
 
 — 53 —
 
 In. Ill May Ist, 19\A, to April 3()tli, 1^17, there were 2,026 cases examined from 
 the boys Court, siihdividcd into the following groups: 
 
 Hoys, age 17 to 21 l-^^ 
 
 Males over Boys Court age ^^ 
 
 Males under Hoys Court age, 3, and one female 4 
 
 Female accomplices of boys ^ 
 
 Miscrllancous ^^ 
 
 2,026 
 
 The intelligence rating follows: 
 
 The boys' group, age 17 to 21, was as follows : 
 
 Number 
 
 of Cases. Percentage. 
 
 Average Intelligence 183 9.19 
 
 High Grade Borderland Sociopaths 177 . 8.88 
 
 High and Middle Grade Sociopaths 102 5.12 
 
 Low Grade Sociopaths 138 6.96 
 
 High Grade Morons 1,082 54.32 
 
 Middle Grade Morons 235 11.80 
 
 Low Grade Morons 73 3.66 
 
 Imbeciles 2 0.1 
 
 Total .^^^_^^^,,,,_^^ 1,992 
 
 J 
 
 Average Intelligence Group 
 Mental diagnoses and arrests. 
 
 .Av'ge arrests 
 Total No. of Average chron- .\verage basal Average total in Boys 
 cases. ological age. ago. mental age. Court. 
 
 183 18.83 10.36 12.59 1.6 
 
 Average previ- 
 ous arrests in Average .Juve- 
 Municipal nile Court 
 Court.* arrests. 
 
 .29 
 
 .18 
 
 In the above group of 183 cases, we have arrest records on 171. From the 
 whole group of 171 cases, the average arrest in outside criminal branches of the 
 Municipal Court per boy was .29. The average computed only on boys arrested 
 was, per boj', 1.58. Juvenile Court records of average intelligence group computed 
 on 171 cases gives average arrest per boy for whole group of .18. In all courts 
 the average arrest per boy was 1.31. 
 
 One boy sent to Pontiac had twentj^-three indictments against him, of hold-up 
 and larceny. He had fair average intelligence, with dementia praecox hebephrenia. 
 His history is given in appendix. 
 
 In this group of 171 cases, six have been in St. Charles Reform School, one 
 also in John Worthy School ; one had been in Juvenile Court three times ; two spent 
 seventeen months in St. Charles ; one eighteen months in Huntington Reformatory ; 
 one was in Dunning three times, and committed by us the fourth time. 
 
 In a group of 57 cases of average intelligence, but with some form of psycho- 
 
 •Average previous arrests does not include Juvenile Court, and covers arrests of 
 these boys In our outside criminal branches prior to establishment of Bovs Court. This 
 Js consequently gradually decreasing, and in another year will have disappeared. 
 
 The longer the Poy.s Court is in ope-ation, the lower wlU be the average indices of 
 arrests in these branches, as, for example, in computing the report in 1915, we found 
 the average for high grade sociopaths was .57, as against .20 in this report, or average 
 arrest to a boy of 1.66 in 1915 report, to 1.28 in this report. For middle gi-ade socio- 
 paths, it was 0.20. as against 0.52 in 1915, or an average arrest to a bov of 1.25 in 1915, 
 to 1.0 m this report. As is quite obvious, this feature will be practicallj- entirely elimi- 
 nated when the Boys Court is in existence four rears. 
 
 54 —
 
 pathy (with the exception of two, who were arrested only once, and then in the 
 Roys Court — they both had single basal), the number of arrests ran as follows: 
 
 B. C. P. A. Juv. Ct. 
 
 One arrest 39 5 6 
 
 Two arrests 8 1 2 
 
 Three arrests 8 1 1 
 
 Four arrests 
 
 Five arrests 2 2 
 
 Average Intelligence Group — Psychopathy 
 In this group of 183 cases, we had a total of seventy-five cases of dementia 
 prsecox of various forms, such as hebephrenia, katatonia and paranoides. Of 
 these cases : 
 
 Eight were complicated by alcoholism. 
 Eleven were complicated by moral defect. 
 Two were complicated by homosexuality. 
 One was complicated by juvenile paresis. 
 One was complicated by drug addiction. 
 One was complicated by hysteriform seizures. 
 
 Of the above cases, three were outspoken paranoides. One was a katatonic, 
 and one was dementia praecox querulans. The number of basal years in a group 
 of 57 cases of dementia praecox and psychopathic constitution were computed, and 
 it was found that 11 or 19.3% had double basals, and 10 or 19.3% had triple basals. 
 
 In this group of 183 cases, we had sixteen cases of psychopathic constitution 
 of an outspoken nature. Two of these cases were complicated by drug addiction. 
 
 High Grade Borderland Sociopath 
 
 Mental diagnoses and arrests. 
 In this group were 177 cases. 
 
 Average arrests 
 in otlier crim- 
 Total No. of Average chron- Average basal Average total Average arrests inal branches Average arrests 
 cases. olog^cal age. mental age. mental age. in Boys Court Mun. Ct. in Juv. Ct. 
 
 177 18.62 9.90 12.31 1.55 .36' .30 
 
 Out of this group, 49 boys, or 27.68%, admitted 79 arrests previous to establish- 
 ment of Boys Court in other criminal branches of the Municipal Court, or an average 
 of 1.62 arrests to a boy; 39, or 22.03%, admitted 50 arrests in the Juvenile Court, 
 or an average of 1.28 arrests to a boy. In the group there were 44, or 24.86% 
 cases of dementia praecox. They were complicated as follows : 
 
 Eight were alcoholics; one of these also drug addict. 
 
 Twelve were moral defects; one of these was effeminate; one excessive mastur- 
 hator.^ 
 
 Four were drug addicts. 
 
 One was a moral pervert. 
 
 One was eflfeminate. 
 
 One had active pulmonary tuberculosis. 
 
 One of these was "the cave man," a boy of 19; he is a high grade borderland 
 sociopath, plus dementia praeco.x hebephrenia. He was arrested three different 
 
 'This grows less and less as the Boys Court is longer in operation, until it is four 
 years old, when they will be eliminated entirely. In our last report it averaged .56 and 
 1.7 respectively. 
 
 -Most dementia prsecox cases are given to masturbation to excess, carried on to 
 older years, also other sex aberrations. 
 
 — 55 —
 
 times ill the liuys Court for commilling rape, and once in the Alorals Court for 
 
 the same charge. Another boy of the group was arrested as a beggar, soliciting 
 
 alms in office buildings, claiming he was totally deaf. The examination in the 
 
 laboratory disclosed tliat lie was a simulator. We have had several simulators of 
 
 this nature in the Boys Court. One boy tried to simulate amyotrophic lateral 
 
 sclerosis, through knowledge he had picked up in his experience in clinics for 
 
 nervous and mental diseases. 
 
 In this group of 177 cases, there were 13 cases of psychopathic constitution. 
 
 In tliis group there was one epileptic, who was also alcoholic. Seventeen had been 
 
 in institutions— six of them had been committed to John Worthy School — one had 
 
 been in Pontiac Reformatory eighteen months — one had been in St. Charles for 
 
 seven months— one boy had been in both the John Worthy School and Parental 
 
 School. 
 
 High and Middle Grade Sociopaths 
 
 Mentality and arrests 
 
 Average arrests 
 in other crim- 
 No. of Average chron- Average basal Average total Average arrests inal branches Average arrests 
 cases. ological age. age. mental age. in Boys Court Mun. Ct. in Juv. Ct. 
 
 102 18.52 9.9 12.21 1.6 .37 .33 
 
 Fifty-one, or 50% of these cases, admitted having been in other criminal 
 branches of the Municipal Court before the establishment of the Boys Court, with 
 an average arrest of 1.3. Forty-six, or 45.09% of this group of 102 cases, admitted 
 having been in Juvenile Court, with an average arrest of 1.5. This gives a combined 
 average arrest -for the group of 2.3, or a combined average of arrests per case of 4.4. 
 
 In this group we. have 41 cases, or 40.19% of dementia praecox, principallj' 
 of the hebephrenic forms; one was katatonic. Five of these cases were complicated 
 with alcoholism ; one was a drug habitue ; one was epileptic and effeminate ; one 
 was a moral defect ; one was a simulator ; one had hydrocephalus and pulmonary 
 tuberculosis ; one out-spoken katatonic case was colored. 
 
 In this group of 102 cases, 8, or 7.84%, had psychopathic constitutions ; one 
 had juvenile paresis. 
 
 Thirteen of the group had been in institutional homes; three boys had been 
 in the John Worthy School, one also in Pontiac for two years ; another had been 
 in the Parental School three times, St. Charles one year, and Pontiac. The last 
 two cases were dementia praecox cases. 
 
 Low Grade Sociopath 
 Mentality and arrests 
 
 Average arrests 
 , - . in other crim- 
 
 No. of Average chron- Average basal Average total Average arrests inal branches Average arrests 
 cases. ological age. age. mental age. in Boys Court Mun. Ct. in Juv. Ct. 
 
 138 18.82 9.51 12.0 1.65 .25 .45 
 
 Twenty-three, or 16.66%, admitted arrests in other branches of the Criminal 
 Court before the establishment of the Boys Court, with an average arrest of 1.1. 
 
 Thirty- four, or 24.63%, admitted arrests in Juvenile Court, with an average 
 arrest of 2.02. 
 
 In this group of 138 cases, 67, or 48.55%, were cases of dementia praecox, 
 principally hebephrenic form, with a few katatonics; these Avere further complicated 
 
 — 56 —
 
 in five cases by alcoholism; one was a moral defect; one was effeminate; one had 
 juvenile paresis. 
 
 In the group of 138 cases there were 18, or 13.04%, with psycopathic con- 
 stitutions, three of which were complicated with alcoholism. 
 
 In the group of 138 cases, one had epilepsj-, petit vial forvi. There were 
 six colored boys. 
 
 Twenty admitted having been in custodial institutions, such as Parental School, 
 John Worthy School, St. Charles, etc. ; in one case six times, in another five 
 times, and seven w'ere in twice that we know of ; one boy, a dementia praecox 
 case, was in Pontiac eight years. He was no sooner out than he was re-arrested 
 in a strong arm assault, in which he was educating his cousin, also a praecox. 
 They were both found guilty and sentenced. One boy, a dementia praecox case, 
 has been in the Boys Court four times, and broken probation twice. 
 
 Eighteen boys admitted thirt^^-three commitments to custodial institutions, 
 such as Parental School, John Worthy School, St. Charles, etc., distributed as 
 follows : 
 
 Two had been in Juvenile Home once. 
 One had been in Juvenile Home twnce. 
 Two had been in John Worthy once. 
 One had been in John Worthy twice. 
 One had been in John Worthy three times. 
 Two had been in Parental School once. 
 Two had been in Parental School and John Worthy twice. 
 Two had been in Parental School and St. Charles once. 
 
 One had been in Parental School and St. Charles twice, and John Worthy 
 once. 
 
 One had been in St. Charles and Pontiac once. 
 One had been in Pontiac once. 
 Two had been in homes once. 
 
 Case, age 19, pfropfhebephrenia, five arrests in Boys Court, six in Juvenile 
 Court, was in Parental School twice, four and six months, St. Charles twice, fifteen 
 months and three months, and John Worthy School three months. 
 
 Case, age 17, pfropfhebephrenia, two arrests in Boys Court, three in Juvenile 
 Court; Parental School six montlis, St. Charles, five months. 
 
 Case, age 17, pfropfhebephrenia, two arrests in Boys Court, three in Juvenile 
 Court ; St. Charles, eighteen month.s ; Pontiac, one year, and $500.00 fine. 
 
 Case, age 24, pfropfhebephrenia, Juvenile Court record, four arrests in Boys 
 Court, last for murder. On one of his previous arrests he was quite katatonic, 
 committed to the Psychopathic Hospital, from whence he was committed to one of 
 the state asylums for insane, from which he was paroled to his mother after a 
 few months. 
 
 Case, age 19, pfropfhebephrenia, four arrests in Boys Court, six in Juvenile 
 Court; Parental School tliree times (four months, eight months, three months); 
 St. Charles, five months; John Worthy twice (seven months and three months). 
 
 Case, age 17, pfropfhebephrenia, two arrests in Boys Court; two in Juvenile 
 Court; St. Charles, fifteen montlis; Parental School, three and one-half months. 
 
 Case, age 18, pfropfhebephrenia, two arrests in Boys Court, two in Juvenile 
 Court; was in John Worthy School. 
 
 Case, age 19, pfropfhebephrenin, four arrests in Boys Court, five in Juvenile 
 Court; was in John Worthy twice. 
 
 Case, age 18, pfropfhebephrenia; one arrest in Boys Court; three in Juvenile 
 Court; was in Juvenile Home. 
 
 Case, age 23, pfropfhebephrenia, two arrests in Boys Court ; one in Juvenile 
 Court; eight years in Pontiac; nine months in jail. He was a valedictorian at 
 Pontiac, and committed a "strong arm" hold-up shortly after release from Pontiac. 
 
 — 57 —
 
 Ca.sf. a^c A), psychopalliic and alcoholic; four arrests in Boys Court; one in 
 Juvenile Court. 
 
 Casi-. aKc 19, pfropflicbcphrcnia, nine arrests in Boys Court ; one ni other crim- 
 nal hranclu-s ; one in Juvenile Court. 
 
 Case. aKC 19, pfropfhehcphrenia ; five arrests in Boys Court, one in Juvenile 
 Court; once in Juvenile Home. 
 
 Case, ape 21, pfropflubephrcnia. Juvenile Court record, had been committed to 
 St. Charles and John Worthy schools, five arrests in Boys Court, last for murder, 
 since been hung. His younger brother, who has exactly the same diagnosis, is now 
 arrested for murder. 
 
 Case, age 21, pfroi)fhebephrenia; five arrests in Boys Court. 
 
 Case, age 20, pfropfliebephrenia; five arrests in Boys Court, one in Juvenile 
 Court. 
 
 Case, age 16 (misstated age in Boys Court). 
 
 In the above 93 cases, 28 had double basal ages, 4 had triple basal ages, 1 had 
 
 quadruple basal ages. 
 
 High Grade Borderland Morons 
 
 Mental level and ai'rcsts 
 
 Average arrests 
 in other crim- 
 No. of Avprapc chron- Average basal Average total Average arrests inal branches Average arrests 
 cases. ological age. mental age. mental age. in Boys Court Mun. Ct. in Juv. Ct. 
 
 31 18.68 9.0 11.8 1.35 .22 .93 
 
 In this group, four admitted previous arrests in other criminal branches of 
 the Municipal Court before the establishment of the Boys Court, with average 
 of 1.75 arrests to a boy. 
 
 In the group of 31 cases, nine admitted having been in Juvenile Court, with 
 average of 3.22 arrests to a boy. 
 
 Psychopathy of High Grade Borderland Moron Group 
 
 In this group there were twentj--one cases with diagnoses of dementia praecox ; 
 
 two of these were complicated with alcoholism, and another a confirmed sodomist. 
 
 In this group of 31 cases, there were seven with diagnoses of psychopathic 
 
 constitution ; one of these complicated with alcoholism ; one was effeminate ; one 
 
 was a colored boy. 
 
 In this group of 31 cases, the following data were obtained in regard to com- 
 mitments to custodial institutions, such as John Worthy School, St. Charles, 
 Parental School, etc. Seven boys are credited with seventeen commitments, an 
 average of 2.43 commitments to a case. 
 
 2 boys were in once. 
 1 boy was in two times. 
 ' 1 boy was in three times 
 1 boy was in four times. 
 1 boy was in five times. 
 
 1 boy was in Criminal Court, aged 16, for hold-up and burglary. He had two 
 Juvenile arrests, and four in Boys Court. He is a dementia praecox case. One boy 
 was in St. Charles twice, serving three years in all. Another boy was in Glenwood 
 for two and a half years. His first arrest was at age of 9. Another boy was in 
 St. Charles twenty-nine months. Another boy had four arrests in Juvenile Court, 
 served four terms in St. Charles, had two arrests in criminal branches of Municipal 
 Court, and one in Boys Court. This was his record to age eighteen. He is a 
 dementia pr.Tcox case. 
 
 — .58 —
 
 High Grade Morons 
 
 (Mental age 10.1—12.0) 
 
 Mental level and arrests. 
 
 ATerago arrests 
 in other crim- 
 No. of Average chron- Average basal Average total -Average arrests inal branches Average arrests 
 cases. ological age. mental ago. mental age. in Boys Court Mun. Ct. in Juv. Ct. 
 
 1,051 18.41 8.71 11.08 1.8 .43 .58 
 
 In this group, 261 or 24.85% of the boys admitted 482 previous arrests in other 
 criminal branches of the Municipal Court; an average of 1.85 arrests to a boy. * 
 
 In this group of 1,051 cases, 287, or 27.33% of the boys, admitted 521 arrests 
 in the Juvenile Court, or an average of 1.81 to a boy. 
 
 Psychopathy of High Grade Morons 
 In this group of 1,051 cases, there were 303 diagnosed as dementia praecox 
 (pfropfhebephrenia). Thirty-five of these were complicated by alcoholism; eight 
 by drug addiction; four by moral defect; one was a sex pervert; one was effemi- 
 nate; one by juvenile paresis; one was a pederast, and had active lues with sj-philitic 
 condylomata of anal region. One was an urning (a passive pederast). 
 
 In the group of 1,051 cases, there were forty-two diagnosed as psychopathic 
 constitution; twelve were complicated b}' alcoholism; one was effeminate; one had 
 juvenile paresis. 
 
 In this group of 1,051 cases, seven liad epilepsy; two had out-spoken tubercu- 
 losis ; one had congenital lues. 
 
 In a group of 322 high grade moron cases tabulated, there were fourteen 
 colored boys, one full-blooded Indian, one half Indian and half colored. One boy 
 had been a snuff addict since age 6. 
 
 In the group of 1,051 cases, the following rather incomplete data were obtained: 
 146 boys admitted commitment to custodial institutions, such as Parental School, 
 John Worthy School, St. Charles, Pontiac, Feehanville, Lincoln State School for 
 Feeble-AIinded, etc., before coming into the Boj's Court. 
 
 In a tabulation of 322 consecutive cases, 77 admitted having been in custodial 
 institutions before coming into the Boys Court, with a total of 135 commitments, 
 or an average of 1.75 to the case ; they were distributed as follows : 
 51 committed one time. 
 16 committed two times. 
 4 committed three times. 
 3 committed four times. 
 1 committed five times. 
 1 committed eleven times. 
 1 committed twelve times. 
 The following notes on a few of these cases give a side light on their careers : 
 
 One boy was in the Juvenile Court eight times, and once in the Boys Court. 
 Seven of his Juvenije Court arrests were for truancy. He was a high grade moron. 
 
 One boy, age 17, a case of pfropfhebephrenia (17, three basals, total mental age 
 11.8), in Boys Court six times, in Juvenile Court ten times; was in Parental School 
 three times, and once in John Worthy School. He was in Juvenile Court eight 
 times for truancy, and twice for burglary. 
 
 Case, age 17, pfropfhebephrenia, arrested fourteen times in all, three times in 
 Juvenile Court, once in Boys Court, and other arrests in criminal branches of 
 Municipal Court. 
 
 — 59 —
 
 Case age 1*>, pfroi.flicbcphiLiiia ; svas in Lincoln six years; ran away; arrested 
 for burRlary; rc-ccmmittcd to Lincoln; ran away again. His father is a high grade 
 moron plus chronic alcoholism. His mother is a pfropfhebephrenic, deserted her 
 family to live with a colored man, and is also a chronic alcoholic. 
 
 Case age 17, pfropfhebcphrenia; in Parental School one year; St. Charles twice, 
 for a total of tlirec years ; and in John Worthy six months ; was in Juvenile Court 
 four times. 
 
 Case, age 18, pfropfhebephrenia; in Juvenile Court three times; in Boys Court 
 nine times ; was in St. Charles ; within nine months he ran away four times, and 
 was returned each time. He has also been in John Worthy and Feehanville. 
 
 Case, age 18, pfropfhebephrenia; twice in Boys Court; four times in Juvenile 
 Court; was in St. Charles twice; and in John Worthy twice. 
 
 Case, age 18, pfropfhebephrenia ; started twenty different fires. 
 
 Case age 18, pfropfhebephrenia; alcoholic; was in State Insane Asylum at 
 Dunning one year. 
 
 Case, age 20, pfropfhebephrenia, in Juvenile Court once; Boys Court once; and 
 thirteen times in other criminal branches of Municipal Court. On six of thirteen 
 arrests was held to Criminal Court, and discharged on all but one, on which he was 
 found guilty and sent to Pontiac, served seventeen months. 
 
 Case, age 19, pfropfhebephrenia; three arrests in Boys Court; two in other 
 criminal branches; one in Juvenile Court; was in Reform School, Plainfield, 
 Indi.'ina, two years and four months. 
 
 Case, age 17, pfropfhebephrenia; five arrests in Boys Court; four in Juvenile 
 Court ; in St. Charles ten times ; Parental School once. 
 
 Case, age 18, pfropfhebephrenia ; nine arrests in Boys Court ; one in other crimi- 
 nal branches of the Municipal Court, and four in Juvenile Court; was in St. 
 Charles. John Worthy, Parental School, and Feehanville. 
 
 Case, age 17, pfropfhebephrenia; four arrests in Boys Court; six in Juvenile 
 Court; in St. Charles twice, John Worthy once. 
 
 Case, age 17, high grade moron; psychopathic; two arrests in Boys Court; 
 three in Juvenile Court; served fourteen months in St. Charles; twice in John 
 Worthy School ; once six months, another time four months. 
 
 Case, age 19, pfropfhebephrenia; seven arrests in Boys Court; three in Juvenile 
 Court ; was in Parental School and John Worthy School. 
 
 Case, age 21, pfropfhebephrenia; three arrests in Boys Court; three in other 
 criminal branches; was in Pontiac Reformatory twenty-three months. 
 
 Case, age 19, pfropfhebephrenia; two arrests in Boys Court; three in Juvenile 
 Court; was in Parental School twice. 
 
 Case, age 19, pfropfhebephrenia; once in Boys Court; once in other criminal 
 branches; three times in Juvenile Court; was in Parental School twice. 
 
 Case, age 20, pfropfhebephrenia; once in Boys Court; twice in Juvenile Court; 
 St. Charles fourteen months; Pontiac Reformatory one year. 
 
 Case, age 18, psychopathic, one arrest in Boys Court, two in Juvenile Court; 
 twice in St. Charles, eighteen months each time. 
 
 Case, age 17, pfropfhebephrenia; one arrest in Boys Court; two in Juvenile 
 Court ; Parental^ School four months ; St. Charles eighteen months. 
 
 Case, age 17, pfropfhebephrenia; one arrest in Boys Court; ten in other criminal 
 branches; three in Juvenile Court; arrested for singing and begging on street cars 
 each time. 
 
 Case, age 17, pfropfhebephrenia; one arrest in Boys Court; six in Juvenile 
 Court; was in Parental Home one year. 
 
 Case, age 18, pfropfhebephrenia; four arrests in Boys Court; two arrests in 
 Juvenile Court; was in St. Mary's two years; St. Charles eighteen months. 
 
 Case, age 17, pfropfhebephrenia; ten arrests in Boys Court; four in other 
 criminal branches; six in Juvenile Court. 
 
 Case, age 17. pfropfhebephrenia; two arrests in Boys Court; three in Juvenile 
 Court ; was in St. Charles once ; Parental School twice. 
 
 Case, age 19, pfropfliebephrenia; two arrests in Bovs Court; three in Juvenile 
 Court ; in John Worthy once. 
 
 Case, age 18, pfropfliebephrenia ; five arrests in Bovs Court; three in Juvenile 
 Court; was in St. Charles twice. 
 
 — 60 —
 
 Case, age 17, pfropfhebephrenia ; two arrests in Boys Court; two in Juvenile 
 Court; in Parental School twice. 
 
 Case, age 19, pfropfhebephrenia; four arrests in Boys Court; two in Juvenile 
 Court; was in St. Charles one and one-half years. 
 
 Case, age 18, pfropfhebephrenia; three arrests in Boys Court; eight in Juvenile 
 Court; was in St. Charles fifteen months. 
 
 Case, age 17, pfropfhebephrenia; one arrest in Boys Court; four in Juvenile 
 Court; once in John Worthy School. 
 
 Case, age 18, propfhebephrenia ; one arrest in Boys Court; three in Juvenile 
 Court ; was in Juvenile Home and Glenwood School. 
 
 Case, age 17, pfropfhebephrenia; two arrests in Boys Court, three in Juvenile 
 Court; was in John Worthy School. 
 
 Case, age 18, pfropfhebephrenia; nine arrests in Boys Court; six in other crimi- 
 nal branches ; and two Juvenile Court arrests. 
 
 Case, age 18, pfropfhebephrenia; two arrests in Boys Court; six in other crimi- 
 nal branches ; and one in Juvenile Court. 
 
 Case, age 18, pfropfhebephrenia; three arrests in Boys Court; one in Juvenile 
 Court; St. Charles eight months; Pontiac one year. 
 
 Case, age 18, pfropfhebephrenia; four arrests in Boys Court; four in Juvenile 
 Court. 
 
 Case, age 19, psychopathic; two arrests in Boys Court; four in other criminal 
 branches ; one in Juvenile Court. 
 
 Case, age 17, pfropfhebephrenia; three arrests in Boys Court; five in Juvenile 
 Court ; was in John Worthy three months ; St. Charles eighteen months. 
 
 Case, age 20, psychopahic plus alcoholism ; nine arrests in Boys Court. 
 
 Case, age 19, propfhebephrenia; seven arrests in Boys Court; one in Juvenile 
 Court; was in Parental School. 
 
 Case, age 20, pfropfhebephrenia; eight arrests in Boys Court; one in Juvenile 
 Court. 
 
 Case, age 17, psychopathic; six arrests in Boys Court; one in Juvenile Court; 
 was in Parental School. 
 
 Case, age 20, pfropfhebephrenia; three arrests in Boys Court; one in Juvenile 
 Court. 
 
 Case, age 17, pfropfhebephrenia; three arrests in Boys Court; two in Juvenile 
 Court; St. Charles eighteen months; Parental School nine months. 
 
 Case, age 17, pfropfhebephrenia; colored; five arrests in Boys Court. 
 
 Case, age 18, pfropfhebephrenia plus alcoholism; seven arrests in Boys Court; 
 committed to feeble-minded institution at Lincoln. 
 
 Case, age 20, pfropfhebephrenia ; five arrests in Boys Court ; two in Juvenile 
 Court. 
 
 Case, age 19, pfropfhebephrenia plus alcoholism; six arrests in Boys Court; 
 one in other criminal branches. 
 
 Case, age 20, pfropfhebephrenia; in Boys Court seven times. 
 
 Case, age 19, pfropfhebephrenia; in Boys Court five times. 
 
 Case, age 19, pfropfhebephrenia ; two arrests in Boys Court ; two in Juvenile 
 Court. His brother was also in Boys Court at age of 17; also pfropfhebephrenia; 
 was sent to Pontiac Reformatory. 
 
 Case, age 18, tests 11 years mentally, snuff addict since age 6. Four arrests in 
 Boys Court; one in Juvenile Court; was in St. Charles. 
 
 Case, age 20, pfropfhebephrenia; in Boys Court eight times. 
 
 Case, age 18, pfropfhebephrenia; in Boys Court six times. 
 
 Case, age 21, pfropfhebephrenia; in Boys Court five times; in Juvenile Court 
 once. 
 
 Case, age 19, pfropfhebephrenia; in Boys Court six times; Pontiac one year. 
 
 Case, age 19, pfropfhebephrenia ; in Boys Court seven times. 
 
 — 61 —
 
 Middle Grade Morons 
 
 (Mental age 9.1—10.0) 
 
 Mental level and arrests 
 
 Average arrests 
 in other crim- 
 No of Avrrngcchron- AvcrBge basal Average total Average arrests inal branches Average arrests 
 CRBcd. olngical age. nioiitul ago. mental age. in Boys Court Mun. Ct. in Juv. Ct. 
 
 2.15 18.41 7.8.3 9.69 1.73 0.37 0.45 
 
 In this group 49, or 20.857o, admitted 77 previous arrests in the other criminal 
 brandies of the Municipal Court, an average of 1.57 arrests to a boy. 
 
 In this group of 235 cases, 59 or 25.1%, admitted 98 arrests in Juvenile Court, 
 or an average of 1.66 arrests to a boy. 
 
 Psychopathy of Middle Grade Morons 
 
 In this group there were 68 cases diagnosed as dementia praecox (pfropfhe- 
 bephrenia) ; ten of these were complicated by alcoholism, one by drug addiction; 
 one was a simulator; one had out-spoken tuberculosis. 
 
 In the group there was one case diagnosed as psychopathic constitution ; two 
 epileptics ; one case of hysteria. 
 
 In this group of 235 cases the following data, necessarily quite incomplete, 
 were obtained on commitments to custodial institutions, such as Parental School, 
 John Worthy School, St. Charles, Pontiac, Lincoln State School for the Feeble- 
 Minded, etc. Thirty-four admitted having been in such institutions. In a tabula- 
 tion of 22 cases we found 34 commitments, an average of 1.55 to a case. They 
 were distributed as follows : 14 in once, 4 in twice, 4 three times. In addition, 
 nine of this latter group were committed to the Feeble-Minded Institution at 
 Lincoln, Illinois. 
 
 In the group of thirty-four cases, ten had been in John Worthy School, seven 
 had been in St. Charles, two boys were both in St. Charles and John Worthy, 
 two in dependent homes, one was in John Worthy, Parental School and Lincoln, 
 one was in St. Charles and Lincoln, three were in Parental School, two had been 
 in John Worthy School and Lincoln, five had been in Lincoln. 
 
 Low Grade Morons 
 
 (Mental age 7.1—9.0) 
 
 Mental level and arrests 
 
 Average arrests 
 in other crim- 
 No. of A\ or.ngo chron- Average basal Average total Average arrests inal branches Average arrests 
 case*. Illogical age. mental age. mental age. in Boys Court Mun. Ct. in Juv. Ct. 
 
 73 17.95 7.01 8.55 1.76 0.36 0.46 
 
 In tliis group fifteen boys, or 20.54%, admitted 26 arrests in the other criminal 
 branches of the Municipal Court, an average of 1.73 arrests to a boy. 
 
 In this group of seventy-three cases, nineteen boys, or 26.037o, admitted thirty- 
 one arrests in the Juvenile Court, an average of 1.63 arrests to a boy. 
 
 — 62 — '
 
 Psychopathy of Low Grade Morons 
 
 In tliis group there were fourteen cases diagnosed as dementia prsecox (pfropf- 
 hebephrena), three were compHcated with alcoholism. 
 
 In this group of seventy-three cases we had two diagnosed as psychopathic 
 constitution, one of these was complicated with alcoholism. In a tabulation of 
 twenty-one cases there were two colored boys. 
 
 In the group of seventj'-three cases the following data, necessarily quite incom- 
 plete, were obtained on commitment to custodial institutions, such as Parental 
 School, John Worthy School, St. Charles, Pontiac, Lincoln, etc. Seven admitted 
 having been committed to such institutions. 
 
 In a tabulation of twenty-one cases we found four boys had been in once, 
 one boy twice, one boy three times. Two of these were in the Parental School, 
 one was at St. Mary's as a dependent, one was in Lincoln twice, another was in 
 Lincoln twice and also committed to Working Boys' Home for ninety days, another 
 also committed to Working Roys' Home. 
 
 Imbeciles 
 
 (Mental age 3.0--7.0) 
 Mental level and arrests 
 
 No. of 
 cases. 
 
 2 
 
 Chron. age. 
 
 19 
 
 Basal mental 
 age. 
 
 5 
 
 Total mental 
 age. 
 
 6.4 
 
 Arrests in 
 Boy.s Court 
 
 1 
 
 
 21 
 
 3 
 
 4.8 
 
 1 
 
 The first boy, age 19, was committed by us to the feeble-minded institution 
 at Lincoln. The second boy, age 21, had been in Lincoln feeble-minded institution 
 four years and was recommitted by us from the Boys Court. 
 
 Imbeciles School Records 
 
 The boy age 21 never attended school and the boy age 19 began school age 9, 
 left age 14 and never got out of the first grade. 
 
 Cases Over Boys Court Age: All High Grade Morons 
 (Mental age 10.1-12.0) 
 
 Average arrests 
 in other crim- 
 No. of Average chron- Average basal Average total Average arrests inal branches Average arrests 
 cases. ological age. mental age. mental age. in Boys Court Mun. Ct. in Juv. Ct. 
 
 12 25.25 8.75 11.44 1.33 1.33 0.41 
 
 Eight cases, or 66.66%, admitted sixteen arrests in other 'branches of the 
 Municipal Court, or an average of two arrests per case. 
 
 Three cases admitted five arrests in the Juvenile Court, or an average of 1.66 
 arrests per case. 
 
 In this group of twelve cases, fwc admitted seven commitments to custodial 
 institutions, such as Parental School, John Worthy School, etc., or an average of 1.4 
 commitments to a case. One of these cases liad been arrested fom- times ; first 
 
 — 63 —
 
 arrest in Boys Court was for rubbery; had been in Pontiac for carrying concealed 
 weapons ; had three other arrests, once violating parole and twice for drunkenness ; 
 he was a case of dementia praecox. Another dementia praecox, chronic alcoholic 
 case was under arrest once in Boys Court for robbery; had f^ve previous arrests 
 in other criminal brandies, all for robbery. He was also in Juvenile Court twice 
 and served the following sentences— three to the House of Correction, one year, 
 six months, three months, respectively. Another dementia praecox case has had 
 one arrest in I5oys Court for stealing auto tire— sentenced to House of Correction; 
 he had two previous arrests in other courts, once for drunkenness, once in Naval 
 Prison in Haiti for one year. 
 
 Another dementia praecox case had three arrests in Boys Court, all for dis- 
 orderly conduct, for figiiting; in other courts one arrest for larceny; was sent to 
 the House of Correction ; he was twice in the Juvenile Court from which he was 
 sent once to St. Charles, the other time to the John Worthy School. 
 
 Psychopathy 
 
 Of the group of twelve cases, nine were diagnosed as cases of dementia 
 praecox ; two of these were complicated by alcoholism. 
 
 As an interesting corollary to the above, we give the results of examination 
 of four of the wives of cases in the above group, all of whom are high grade 
 morons, and two were also cases of dementia praecox and one psychopathic: 
 
 Average arrests 
 in other crim- 
 Xo. of .\vcrage cliron- Average basal Average total Average arrests inal branches Average arrests 
 cases. ological age. mental age. mental age. in Boys Court Mun. Ct. in Juv. Ct. 
 
 4 29.0 8.5 11.0 0.75 0.50 0.25 
 
 Of the group three were also under arrest in Boys Court with their husbands, 
 with three arrests, or an average of one per case. Two admitted two arrests in 
 other criminal branches, or an average of one arrest per case. One was also in 
 Juvenile Court, is a dementia praecox and was arrested as an accomplice to her 
 husband in a hold-up. Another was a colored woman, psjxhopathic, arrested for 
 slashing her husband with a razor. Another woman was arrested for going to 
 cabarets with other men, once in Boys Court with a minor, and once in another 
 court. 
 
 Cases Under Boys Court Age: All High Grade Morons 
 
 ' No. of Average chron- Average basal Average total Average arrests Average arrests 
 
 cases. ological age. mental age. mental age. in Boys Court in Juv. Ct. 
 
 3 14.33 8.33 10.86 1.0 3.66 
 
 Two of the ^bove were cases of dementia praecox (pfropf hebephrenia). One 
 of these boys was in a reformatorj- for one and one-half years for stealing money 
 from his father. From age four to twelve he was committed for incorrigibility 
 to a juvenile home. Was in Juvenile Court four times; escaped once by boldly 
 walking out of a court detention room; later recaptured. The other boy was in 
 Juvenile Court six times and once in Boys Court. He has been in St. Charles: 
 also sentenced to Pontiac for a year and a fine of $100: has also served a sentence 
 in the House of Correction. 
 
 — 64 —
 
 There was one female under Boys Court age. She was age 9, qualitatively a 
 low grade sociopath plus dementia praecox (highly sexed). She had one brother 
 in Joliet Prison, one in Pontiac Reformatory, and her sister was in Morals Court. 
 They all are low grade sociopaths plus dementia praecox. The brother who was 
 in Joliet later suicided and the father is suspected of having suicided. 
 
 Other Cases in Boys Court 
 
 The following is an additional group, comprising fourteen cases with the 
 following mental classification : two were high grade borderland sociopaths, one 
 age 19, one age 20, both psychopathic and alcoholic ; two low grade sociopaths, one 
 age 19, dementia praecox, one 21, dementia praecox and alcoholic ; five were high 
 grade morons, four of whom were cases of dementia praecox of which one was 
 complicated with alcohol ; one was psychopathic. In the group of fourteen cases 
 there were also two cases of dementia praecox, one age 16, one age 20. There 
 was a man, age 35, dementia praecox and sex pervert. One man, age 41, was 
 epileptic and alcoholic ; one boy, age 17, idiot. 
 
 Synopsis of Psychopathy of 779 Cases in Boys' Court 
 
 Number 
 
 of Cases. Percentage. 
 
 Dementia praecox 509 65.34 
 
 Dementia praecox plus alcoholism 79 10.14 
 
 Dementia praecox plus drug addiction 1 0.14 
 
 Dementia praecox plus moral defect 28 3.59 
 
 Dementia praecox plus moral defect plus excessive masturba- 
 
 bation 1 0.14 
 
 Dementia praecox plus homosexual 2 0.28 
 
 Dementia praecox plus juvenile paresis 3 0.42 
 
 Dementia praecox plus drug addiction 15 1.92 
 
 Dementia praecox plus hysteriform 1 0.14 
 
 Dementia praecox plus sex pervert 3 0.42 
 
 Dementia praecox plus effeminate 3 0.42 
 
 Dementia praecox plus tuberculosis 2 0.28 
 
 Dementia praecox plus epileptic plus effeminate 1 0.14 
 
 Dementia praecox plus simulator 2 0.28 
 
 Dementia praecox plus hydrocephalus plus tuberculosis 1 0.14 
 
 Dementia praecox plus sodomist 1 0.14 
 
 Dementia praecox plus urning (passive pederast) 1 0.14 
 
 Dementia praecox plus pederast plus active lues plus syphilitic 
 
 condylomata of anal region 1 0.14 
 
 Psychopathic constitution 83 10.65 
 
 Psychopathic constitution plus alcoholism 19 2.43 
 
 Psychopathic constitution plus alcoholism plus drugs 2 0.28 
 
 Psychopathic constitution plus juvenile paresis 2 0.28 
 
 Psychopathic constitution plus efifeminate 2 0.28 
 
 Epilepsy 10 1.41 
 
 Epilepsy plus alcoholism 1 0.14 
 
 Idiot (one bov, age 17) 1 0.14 
 
 Hysteria ". 1 0.14 
 
 Snuff addict (since 6 years old) 1 0.14 
 
 Congenital lues 1 0.14 
 
 Tuberculosis 2 0.28 
 
 — 65
 
 School Records 
 
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 1- 
 
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 M 
 
 J 
 
 
 
 Wc?^ 
 
 os^ 
 
 s 
 
 
 ,cit? 
 
 OS 
 
 
 5^ 
 
 bfiC 
 
 <<£ 
 
 o 
 
 dS 
 
 
 
 No. cases 
 
 Average chron. 
 
 Age 
 
 Average basal 
 
 mental age . . 
 Average total 
 
 mental age . . 
 Average age 
 
 began school 
 Average age 
 
 left school . . 
 
 Average grade 
 
 166 
 18.83 
 10.36 
 12.58 
 
 6.28 
 14.93 
 
 8.33 
 
 158 
 18.58 
 
 9.95 
 12-.28 
 
 6.19 
 14.79 
 
 7.81 
 
 101 
 
 133 
 
 18.4 
 
 18.8 
 
 9.9 
 
 9.5 
 
 12.2 
 
 12.06 
 
 6.1 
 
 6.2 
 
 14.5 
 
 14.7 
 
 7.4 
 
 7.2 
 
 31 
 18.68 
 
 9.0 
 11.8 
 
 6.22 
 14.06 
 
 6.5 
 
 977 
 18.42 
 
 8.71 
 11.08 
 
 6.56 
 14.29 
 
 6.18 
 
 304 
 
 18.37 
 7.84 
 9.69 
 6.96 
 
 13.9 
 4.86 
 
 44 
 
 18.23 
 7.13 
 8.6 
 
 7.57 
 
 13.62 
 
 3.45 
 
 3 
 14.33 
 
 8.33 
 10.86 
 
 7.66 
 13.33 
 
 6.33 
 
 12 
 25.25 
 
 8.75 
 11.44 
 
 7.25 
 14.50 
 
 5.66 
 
 It must always be borne in mind that many boys with good average intelligence 
 make a poor school showing because of psychopathy, such as psychopathic consti- 
 tution, dementia praecox, etc., a rather severe reflection on our school systems in 
 their handling of these cases. 
 
 It will be seen from the foregoing statistics that the mental age and school 
 grade correspond very closely; for instance, that the boy with the nine-year-qld 
 mentality gets as far as the fourth grade and no farther in spite of the fact that 
 he continues in school to age fourteen or fifteen ; the same is true for the case 
 with a ten-year-old mentality, the fifth grade is the limit; the same for the case 
 with an eleven-year-old mentalitj', the sixth grade is reached and no higher, in spite 
 of all efforts of special teachers, special classes, etc., and the number of years the 
 case attends. 
 
 The non-understanding of such patent and clear-cut facts and the significance 
 of it by many in the pedagogical field who propose to eliminate such defectiveness 
 by prolonging the school age to sixteen years is quite incomprehensible, in fact, 
 legislation along such lines has already been instituted, which is another lesson 
 admonishing us that legislation along these and similar lines should only be based 
 on scientific investigation and data. 
 
 We are not criticizing this extension of the school age in the least from the 
 additional standpoint that the cases would also lose two years in learning a bread- 
 winning occupation, for our experience teaches us only too forcibly that our cases 
 on the whole make no better showing here than in school. 
 
 gradut^ed reached third and two reached fourth year high school; none 
 
 — 66 —
 
 Special classes should only be under supervision of a psychologist who is also 
 a psychiatrist and neurologist. Many feeble-minded experts without these latter 
 qualifications have thrown together all abnormal cases into one group which they 
 in their naivete believed to be all feeble-mindedness, to the prejudice of all involved, 
 for such misunderstanding and inappropriate treatments and maladjustments as 
 the psychopaths and dementia praecox cases get under these conditions are very 
 often responsible for katatonic accesses and even typical hysteriform, epileptoid 
 and continued katatonic attacks, the latter often quite prolonged. Since we are. 
 beginning to realize that much of the secondary dementia in dementia praecox and 
 epilepsy is due to repeated attacks of katatonia in the former and convulsions in 
 the latter, we should proceed here with more circumspection. Teachers of special 
 classes have consulted us concerning their troublesome cases, sent to them with 
 the diagnosis of feeble-mindedness by feeble-minded experts, when, as a matter 
 of fact, they were cases with normal mentality, but suffering from psychopathic 
 constitution, dementia praecox or juvenile paresis. 
 
 It is imperative that the feeble-minded and psychopathic cases should be handled 
 in special classes, just as much so for reformatories as schools, as a matter of fact, 
 throughout their whole school career. Those with combined defect should be placed 
 in the psychopathic class and the curriculum should only be arranged in consulta- 
 tion with a psychopathologist after a thorough examination of the cases and such 
 classes should be under the direct supervision of psjxhopathologists. These latter 
 should be conscientious enough to prepare themselves properly for the important 
 mission they will be entrusted with, bearing so directly on the welfare of the indi- 
 vidual as well as society, for it will be here, too, that cases for isolation in colonies» 
 will be weeded out. The following should be the minimum requirements for such a 
 position : five years in the general practice of medicine with correlated clinical and 
 laboratory work, specialization in psychiatry and neurology, with at least six months' 
 service in an institution for the feeble-minded and six months in an institution for 
 the insane, including as well sufficient psychological preparation and laboratory 
 work, with correlated subjects such as educational psychology, etc. For this will 
 be the place eventually in which our defectives, our potential criminals, will be 
 detected and committed directly to an appropriate custodial institution and thus 
 anticipate their delinquent careers to the ultimate advantage of themselves as well 
 as society, and at the same time through isolation remove the most prolific source 
 of their reproduction. 
 
 The vast majority of our boys and a certain percentage of our girls have been 
 chronic truants from school, especially those with the intelligence of morons or 
 lower. Truancy is what brings quite a number of them for the first time into the 
 Juvenile Court. According to their mentality they begin to play truant when the 
 class work grows bej'ond their capacit3\ Since a high percentage of our cases test 
 around eleven years mentally, we find as a correlate these begin their truancy in 
 the sixth and seventh grade.^jt* 
 
 The psychopath and praecox are also given to running away and truancy, 
 though on the whole not so systematically as where there is combined defect. 
 
 The schools harbor about two per cent of outspoken defectives, feeble-minded 
 and psychopathic. These two per cent of defectives of the departing class of the 
 schools are thrown out upon the streets each year, the majority sooner or late.* 
 
 — 67 —
 
 to be thrown on their own resources. We all know that such defectives cannoYx 
 c. II form to normal standards, cannot sustain themselves, and that they will conflict ) 
 with environment, with the law, therefore under present conditions we must^^e/ 
 prepared to contend with tliis static influx on the community each ytary^t is 
 practically static, whether we view it from the angle of the schools, tKe drafted 
 army, criministically, or from any other socio-economic focus. It ofTers no more 
 differences in this respect than the birth and death statistics do to actuaries in 
 computing their vital statistics and predictions, as the ranks o£ the defective are 
 recruited each year by this influx. It shows up in the school, in the Juvenile 
 Court, in the Boys, Morals and bastardy courts, and, in fact, in all socio-economic 
 behavior. 
 
 Formal tests for general diagnostic purposes in many respects are quite super- 
 fluous, as after all, the "world test," the ability to conform in general behavior to 
 the relatively broad margins of environment, is the one, in the last analysis, "worth 
 in terms of service to the community," that the man in the street will measure 
 one's fitness or unfitness by. The "world test" is a test of the socio-economic 
 actions and reactions of the individual to his environment, which is subjectively 
 psychological and objectively socio-economic. It takes an account of his behavior 
 from birth to the grave, as well as before and after, of his heredity through his 
 ascendants and descendants, a sort of debit and credit, profit and loss account of 
 his worth to the community. This takes account of his infancy, school and 
 pconomic preparatory period, and employability and productivity. The vast majority"^ 
 of the cases that go later to make up the army of the unemployable, dependents ' 
 and delinquents, could be detected and isolated in their early years, practically all 
 could be detected not later than the school years and segregated at this time to the ^ 
 incalculable advantage of all concerned, and thus anticipate the trials and tribula- \ 
 tions of the Juvenile Court, the various specialized courts of the Municipal Court, | 
 the Criminal Court, and finally simplify our custodial institutions such as the reform 
 schools and reformatories, work houses, alms houses, and such other penal and 
 eleemosynary institutions and organizations, thus reducing their number, standard- 
 izing the work, and eliminating much of the secondary wastefulness of time, energj' 
 and money and disconnectedness inherent in the present system. It would also 
 release a considerable number of workers in medicine, the law, ministry, teaching^ 
 profession, and social service work. „_ — ' 
 
 If any other machine required as many reparateurs as the social machine does, 
 necessitated by its human seconds, it would be quickly changed. 
 
 The following statistics were computed from the records on file in the Boys 
 Court and only approximate actualities, the real seriousness of conditions, as there 
 is no system of identification nor checking up and the boy's word had to be taken. ' 
 Almost invariably, where we have been able to check up, as might be expected, i 
 the records were much worse than admitted by the defendant. They cover a period ' 
 of thirty-nine months, from the opening of the court on April 1, 1914, to July 1, 
 1917. 
 
 Number of arrests in Boys Court 24,524 
 
 Number of defendants 18!696 
 
 Average number of arrests for each defendant in Boys Court 1.31 
 
 Number of arrests in Juvenile Court. " 2,071 
 
 Number of defendants 1,392 ' 
 
 Average number of arrests for each defendant in Juvenile Court 1.49 I, 
 
 Combined average individual arrests, both courts 2.80 t 
 
 Percentage of boys admitting having been in Juvenile Court 7.44 
 
 — 68 —
 
 Number of commitments to Parental School before becoming of Boys 
 
 Court age 264 
 
 Number of individuals committed 233 
 
 Average commitments per individual to Parental School 1.13 
 
 Number of commitments to John Worthy School 263 
 
 Number of individuals committed 238 
 
 Average commitment per individual 1-12 
 
 Combined average individual arrests, Parental School and John Worthy 
 
 School 2.25 
 
 Number of commitments to St. Charles Reform School 221 
 
 Number of individuals committed 196 
 
 Average commitment per individual 113 
 
 Combined average individual commitments, Parental School, John 
 
 Worthy School and St. Charles Reform School 3.38 
 
 Number of commitments to Pontiac Reformatory 242 
 
 Number of individuals committed 238 
 
 Average commitment per individual 1.02 
 
 Combined average individual arrests, Parental School, John Worthy 
 
 School, St. Charles Reform School and Pontiac Reformatory 4.30 
 
 Average arrests monthly in Boys Court 628.79 
 
 Average defendants monthly in Boys Court 479.38 
 
 (No records are kept here of arrests on our cases beyond the Juve- 
 nile Court age and before the opening of the Boys Court.) 
 
 Sentences to House of Correction 1,538 
 
 Number of defendants 1,462 
 
 Average sentence per defendant 1.05 
 
 Approximate cost to the city of those sentenced to House of Correction 
 
 at estimate of twelve hundred dollars per conviction $1,845,600.00 
 
 (This does not include those sent to Pontiac Reformatory, receiving 
 jail sentences, held to Criminal Court, placed on probation, fined, 
 committed to feeble-minded institutions, insane asylums, etc.) 
 Arrests in outside criminal branches of Municipal Court of Chicago 
 before Boys Court was opened, based on admissions on boys them- 
 selves 2,531 
 
 Number of defendants 1,867 
 
 Average arrests for each defendant 1.36 
 
 Combined individual arrests or commitments. Parental School, John 
 
 Worthy School, St. Charles Reform School, Pontiac, Outside Courts 5.66 
 Number of commitments to other institutions not included in any of 
 foregoing, such as Reform Schools, Glenwood, Feehanville, Lin- 
 coln, St. INlary's, Insane Hospitals, Cook County School, etc 125 
 
 Number of individuals committed 118 
 
 Average commitment per individual 1.06 
 
 Combined individual arrests or commitments, Parental School, John 
 Worthy School, St. Charles Reform School, Pontiac Reformatory, 
 
 Outside Courts, Miscellaneous 6.72 
 
 As a matter of interest we append herewith the summary of a random selection 
 of 117 cases from the Boys Court that were either sentenced to Pontiac Reformatory 
 directly from the court or held to the Grand Jury and then sentenced from the 
 Criminal Court. 
 
 Some of these cases had been examined when under arrest on a previous occa- 
 sion, some at the time of the arrest, which occasioned their being sent to Pontiac, 
 others after they had served time in Pontiac, been released and rearrested. 
 
 Records of arrest on Pontiac cases are more or less incomplete because many 
 reach their twenty-first birthday and are therefore beyond the jurisdiction of the 
 Boys Court and because many Pontiac boys who break their parole are sent 
 directly back to Pontiac without going through the court and having a trial on 
 their new charges. 
 
 — 69 —
 
 Records of Arrests 
 
 Ca»e Age 
 
 Date in 
 
 Diagnosis 
 
 Arrests 
 
 A. L. 
 
 W. K. 
 
 18 
 
 J. A. 
 
 B. A. 
 
 B.N. 
 
 20 
 
 17 
 
 J.I. 
 
 17 
 
 ll-9-'l5 
 
 2-8- '15 
 
 l2-2-'I4 
 
 II-20-'l7 
 
 In. Lab. 
 
 from M. C. 
 
 6-30-' 14 
 
 IO-7-'I4 
 
 [igli grade moron plus 
 dementia orsecox . . 
 
 of 
 
 Ct. 
 
 re- 
 of 
 
 High grade sociopath: 
 
 High grade moron 
 plus alcoholic' 
 abuse 
 
 High grade border- 
 land moron, demen- 
 tia prsecox hebe- ' 
 phrenia 
 
 Fair average intelli- 
 gence plus psycho- 
 pathic 
 
 High grade moron. 
 
 9-28-'14 2012 (disorderly), disch. 
 10-7-'14 Larceny, 10 days House 
 
 Cor., $1 and costs. 
 6-3-'15 2012, disch. 
 6-24-'15 Larceny, held to Crim. 
 
 bond $1500, 6 mo. County Jail. 
 ll-24-'16 Stole stolen auto and 
 
 turned it to owner for reward 
 
 $100; held to Crim. Ct., $1500, 
 
 Pontiac. 
 ,ll-28-'17 Stole auto. House of Cor. 2 
 
 mo. 
 
 'l0-7-'14 Burglary, held to Crim Ct. 
 1-11-'15 2012, disch. 
 S-4-'15 Larceny, held to Crim Ct. 
 
 $500, Pontiac. 
 
 jl arrest in Juv. Ct. 
 
 7-9-'14 2012. disch. 
 
 10-9-14 2012, drew a knife on a man, 
 fined $15 and costs, House of Cor. 
 42 days. 
 12-2-'14 Robbery, held to Crim. Ct., 
 
 Pontiac. 
 3-7-'17 Larceny, disch. for want of 
 
 prosecution. 
 4-3-'17 2012, disch. 
 5-21-17 2012, disch. 
 
 11-12-17 Robber}', accused of jack- 
 rolling, disch. 
 ,1 arrest in Juv. Ct. 
 '7-21-'15 Larceny, disch. 
 9-15-16 Caught at Fox Lake with 
 
 stolen auto; Pontiac. 
 1 arrest in Juv. Ct. 
 
 6-30-'14 Burglary, prob. 1 yr., restitu- 
 tion $10. 
 
 7-21-'16 Burglary, broke in store and 
 opened safe with hammer ; Crim. 
 Ct. $3,000, Pontiac. 
 
 f 10-7-'14 Burglary, Crim. Ct, Pontiac. 
 
 6-ll-'17 2012, disch. 
 
 10-1-17 Susp. robbery, disch. 
 
 12-3-17 2012. fined $25. 
 
 12-17-'17 2012, $15 and costs, House 
 of Cor. 
 
 12-22--17 2012, disch. 
 
 2-13-;i8 Vag., 3 mo. House of Cor. 
 
 Previous arrests 9. 
 l^Also Juv. Ct. arrest. 
 
 — 70 —
 
 R 0. 
 
 10-20-' 15 
 
 Middle grade moron, 
 
 T.N, 
 
 17 
 
 12-2-'14 
 
 T. E. 
 
 19 
 
 3-15-*15 
 
 Pligh grade moron . 
 plus dementia prse-"^ 
 cox 
 
 High grade moron. 
 
 J.T. 
 
 17 
 
 4-14-'I5 
 
 S. R. 
 
 16 
 
 10-5-'14 
 
 High grade moron. 
 
 1 
 
 High grade moron, 
 
 f4-22-'l4 Larceny, Juv. Ct, disch. 
 7-27-14 2012, disch. 
 5-22-15 Burglary, broke into tailor 
 
 shop, Crim. Ct., $1,000, found not 
 
 guilty. 
 
 10-19-'15 Burglary, stole auto, 
 
 Crim. Ct., Pontiac. 
 10-19-'15 Crimes against nature. 
 
 'l2-2-'14 2012, disch. 
 12-14-'14 2012, was drunk. House of 
 
 Cor., $10 and costs. 
 3-20-'15 Mother had him arrested, his 
 
 brother also, fined $100, prob. 6 mo. 
 4-10-'l§ Burglary (2), disch. 
 4-17-'15 Stole brass. House of Cor. 3 
 
 mo., $1 and costs. 
 
 7-21-'15 2012, disch. 
 
 7-31-'15 2012, sitting in vacant flat, 
 disch. 
 
 8-18-'15 Stole a Ford, disch. 
 
 3-ll-'16 Burglary, Crim. Ct, $2,000. 
 
 5-23-'17 2012, $25 and costs. House of 
 
 Cor., motion to vacate, disch. 
 6-7-'l 7 Burglary, Crim. Ct, $2,000, 
 
 Pontiac. 
 
 Juv. Ct 3 times; 18 mo. in St. 
 Charles. 
 
 3-15-'15 Stealing lead pipe, prob. 1 
 yr., restitution $10. 
 
 10-21-'16 Robbery and hold-up, ar- 
 rested in saloon during shooting in 
 hallway; Crim. Ct, $500, Pontiac. 
 
 4-13-'14 Larceny, prob. 6 mo. 
 
 8-3-'14 Larceny, House of Cor. 30 
 days. 
 
 9-14-'14 Burglary, Crim. Ct, $2,000. 
 j 12-23-'14 Robbery (3), Crim. Ct, 
 l^ $1,000 each charge, Pontiac. 
 
 ^4-2-'14, Larceny, disch. 
 
 I0-5-'14 Robbery, Crim. Ct., $2,500. 
 
 l-25-'16 Burglary and larceny; bur- 
 glary 1 yr. in House of Cor., $200 
 and costs; larceny, prob. 1 yr. 
 
 l-2-'17 2157 (disobeying traffic regu- 
 lations), $1, paid. 
 
 2-10-'17 Larceny, stole $64 from drug- 
 gist Crim. Ct. $1,500, Pontiac. 
 
 Juv. Ct, John Worthy School, St. 
 Charles 1 vr. 
 
 — 71 —
 
 Case 
 
 Age 
 
 E. I. 
 
 W. E. 
 J.L. 
 
 V. L. 
 
 A. A. 
 
 J.N. 
 
 B. E. 
 
 J.E. 
 
 LH. 
 
 B.E. 
 
 17 
 
 17 
 19 
 
 17 
 17 
 20 
 
 17 
 
 17 
 
 18 
 
 Date in 
 Ub. 
 
 Diagnosis 
 
 Arrests 
 
 6-7-' 16 Iligli grade moron 
 plus dementia prae- 
 cox 
 
 10-27-' 14 High grade moron... 
 
 9-14-' 14 Borderland sociopath 
 plus dementia pr^e-- 
 co.x hebephrenia... 
 
 12-6-'16 High grade moron 
 plus dementia pre- 
 cox hebephrenia. . . 
 
 5-2-' 16 High grade moron 
 plus dementia pras- 
 co.x hebephrenia... 
 
 5-29-' 14 High grade moron. 
 
 ll-8-'16 
 ll-20-'14 
 
 5-25-'14 
 
 6-14-'15 
 
 ll-8-'16 
 
 Low giade sociopath 
 plus dementia prse^ 
 co.x 
 
 High grade moron. 
 
 High grade moron 
 plus psychopathic. 
 
 6-29-' 16 2012, prob. 1 yr. 
 
 8-26-' 16 2012, disch. 
 
 1-19-'17 2012, accused of burglary. 
 1 4-20-'17 Burglary, Crim. Ct., $1,000, 
 I Pgntiac. 
 Ljuv. Ct. 6 times; St. Charles twice. 
 
 10-27-'14 Burglary, sent to Pontiac. 
 
 r8-3-'14 Larceny, violated parole, 
 
 J House of Cor. 30 days. 
 
 i 9-14-'14 Burglary, Crim. Ct., $2,000. 
 
 Ll2-23-'14 Robbery (3), Pontiac. 
 
 r 12-6-16 Robbery (2), held up 2 men 
 < with gun, Crim. Ct., $6,000, Pon- 
 ( tiac. 
 
 r4-25-'16 Larceny (2), climbed poles 
 and cut copper wire, prob. 1 yr. 
 
 J 8-5-' 16 Attempt robbery, $25 and 
 costs. 
 11-1-'16 Burglary, riding in stolen 
 cars, Crim. Ct. $1,500, Pontiac. 
 
 2-17-'15, Crim. Ct., Pontiac. 
 
 ll-20-'14 Assault, Crim. Ct, $10,000, 
 
 Pontiac. 
 ll-8-'16 Robbery, held up saloon with 
 
 gun, Crim. Ct., $5,000. 
 Juv. Ct. 3 times, John Worthy School 
 
 3 times. 
 
 5-25-'14 2012, disch. 
 
 9-18-'15 rec. stolen property; Crim. 
 
 Ct, $1,500, Pontiac. 
 l-26-'18 2012, taken out of pool room. 
 Juv. Ct once. 
 r5-14-'15 2012, disch. 
 6-14-'15 2012, $25 and costs, House of 
 
 Cor. 
 
 9-24-'15 Burglary, Crim. Ct., $1,000, 
 
 Pontiac. 
 Juv. Ct. twice, John Worthy School 
 
 twice. 
 
 J 
 
 I 
 
 Low grade sociopath 
 plus dementia prx- 
 cox 
 
 ^11-20-14 Assault, deadly weapon to 
 
 commit murder, Crim. Ct., $10,000, 
 
 Pontiac. 
 l-7-'15 Rec. stolen property (2), (1) 
 
 disch., (2) fined $10 and costs, 
 
 paid. 
 ll-8-'16 Held up saloon, had gun, 
 
 Crim. Ct., $5,000, Pontiac. 
 Juv. pt 3 times, John Worthy School 
 
 3 times. 
 
 — 72 —
 
 Case 
 
 Age 
 
 Date in 
 Lab. 
 
 Diagnosis 
 
 Arrests 
 
 H. R. 
 
 17 
 
 6-5-'14 
 
 M.S. 
 
 17 
 
 6-28-' 15 
 
 J.I. 
 
 19 
 
 -20-17 
 
 R. E. 
 
 A. L 
 
 W. E. 
 
 2-5-'17 
 
 Middle grade moron 
 plus dementia prse- ^ 
 cox hebephrenia. . , 
 
 f6-S-'14 2012, disch. 
 7-6-'14 2012, fined $10 and costs. 
 10-22-'14 2012, fined $5 and costs. 
 10-26-'14 2012, disch. 
 ll-5-'14 2012, fined $5 and costs. 
 12-5-'14 Out of House of Cor. 1 week, 
 
 2012, fined $100 and costs. 
 7-12-'15 Hold-up, told man to hold up 
 
 hands, man refused, case shot him ; 
 
 Crim. Ct., $1,000, Pontiac. 
 John Worthy School 2 months. 
 '^IS previous arrests. 
 
 Middle grade moron 
 plus dementia nrae-^ 
 cox 
 
 prse- 
 
 High grade border- 
 land sociopath plus- 
 psychopathic 
 
 High grade moron 
 plus dementia prae-< 
 cox 
 
 11-12-*I5 
 
 9-14-14 
 
 High grade moron. 
 
 High grade moron... -i 
 
 ^6-28-'15 Larceny by bailee, prob. 1 yr., 
 restitution of $1. 
 10-17-'16 Robbery, held up man in 
 Consumer's Co., Crim. Ct, $1,500, 
 Pontiac. 
 Juv. Ct. once. 
 ^2 previous arrests. 
 
 8-31-'16 Larceny, stole auto, prob. 1 
 yr. 
 
 l-20-'17 Robbery, accused of hold-up, 
 "^ Crim. Ct., $1,500 on each charge, 
 I Pontiac. 
 
 (^Juvenile Court once. 
 
 ''4-3-'16 Stole 3 Fords, 6 mo. House 
 of Cor., motion to vacate. 
 
 l-20-'17 Shooting in city limits, $5 
 fine paid. 
 
 2-5-'17 Robbery, in on 3 stick-up jobs 
 with gun, Crim. Ct., $2,500, Pon- 
 
 . tiac. 
 
 'll-2-'15 Burglary, Crim. Ct., $1,500, 
 prob. 1 yr. 
 
 4-12-'16 Burglary and larceny, Crim. 
 Ct, $1,500, Pontiac 1 yr., plus $100 
 and costs. 
 
 12-29-'17 2012, was in car not belong- 
 ing to him, boy with him had gun, 
 $200 and costs. 
 
 r8-12-'14 66 ch. S. P. O., 2012 in park, 
 House of Cor., $25 and costs. Out 
 of work 3 mo., mother in epileptic 
 hospital at St. Charles. 
 
 9-14-'14 Burglary, Crim. Ct., $2,000. 
 
 12-23-'14 Robbery (3), Crim. Ct, 
 $1,000 each charge, Pontiac. 
 
 73 —
 
 Case 
 
 Arrests 
 
 J. C. 
 
 l-6-'16 
 
 E. E. 
 
 19 
 
 7-7-'l6 
 
 J. L 
 
 F. S. 
 
 17 
 
 5-I4-'15 
 
 I-I3-'15 
 
 W. A. 
 
 20 
 
 6-15-'I4 
 
 F. K. 
 
 7-22- 
 
 n i g h grade moron 
 plus dementia prse- 
 cox 
 
 High grade moron 
 plus dementia prse- 
 cox 
 
 High grade moron. 
 
 High grade moron.., 
 
 Middle grade moron. 
 
 High grade moron > 
 
 ^S-19-'1S Tried to hold up grocery 
 
 clerk, House of Cor. 3 mo., $1 and 
 
 costs. 
 9-16-'15 Broke into grocery store, 
 
 caught in store, Crim. Ct, $1,500, 
 
 Pontiac. 
 Previous arrests, 1 for robbery, 2 for 
 
 larceny. 
 
 /^1-16-'14 Larceny, disch. 
 3-12-'15 Larceny (2), House of Cor., 
 
 $1 on one charge, other disch. 
 9-23-'lS Stealing grain from railway. 
 
 House of Cor. 30 days, $1 and 
 
 costs. 
 7-7-'16 Larceny, stole a horse, Crim. 
 
 Ct, $2,000, Pontiac. 
 Juv. Ct. 3 times, St. Charles 18 mo., 
 1^ 2 mo. and IJ^ yrs. 
 
 r3-31-'17 Held up man 7 p. m. with 
 J gun, Crim. Ct., $1,500, Pontiac. 
 I Placed on prob. 3-6-17 for larceny. 
 I Juv. Ct. 4 times. 
 
 ri-13-'15 Burglary, Crim. Ct., $1000, 
 J Pontiac. 
 I Previous arrest larceny, served 15 
 t days. 
 
 5-24-'14 Burglary, Crim. Ct., $1,000. 
 6-15-'14 Accused of following man, 
 
 disch. 
 8-8-'14 2012, prob. 6 mo. 
 ll-24-'14 Larceny, Crim. Ct., $1,000, 
 
 Pontiac. 
 Previous arrest for larceny; House 
 
 of Cor. 8 mo. 
 Juv. Ct. once; served 3 mo. in John 
 
 Worthy School. 
 
 7-22-'14 Larceny, disch. 
 
 10-17-'14 Burglary, House of Cor., 
 
 $25 and costs. 
 3-30-'15 Larceny, stole 2 hams off a 
 
 wagon, disch. 
 4-24-'15 Stole tools from railway car, 
 
 returned them, 6 mo. House of 
 
 Cor., $1 and costs. 
 5-22-'15 2059, trespassing on R. R., 
 
 fined $25 and costs. House of Cor. 
 l-7-'16 Poolroom raid, disposition un- 
 known. 
 l-25-'16 Burglary, Crim. Ct, Pontiac. 
 Two or 3 previous arrests, once in 
 
 Juv. Ct, sent from there to John 
 
 Worthy School. 
 
 — 74 —
 
 Case 
 
 Age 
 
 Date in 
 Lab. 
 
 Diagnosis 
 
 Arrests 
 
 J. I. 
 
 2-2I-'l6 
 
 High grade moron ^ 
 plus dementia pr^s-"^ 
 cox 
 
 P.N. 
 
 19 
 
 6-8-. 16 
 
 High grade moron 
 plus psychopathic. "^ 
 
 E. A. 
 
 19 
 
 7-31-'14 
 
 Average Intelligence 
 plus dementia pr2e--< 
 
 cox 
 
 E. U. 
 
 17 
 
 12-13-*16 
 
 Hiffh grade border- 
 land moron plus^ 
 psychopathic 
 
 B.N. 
 
 17 
 
 11-1-'16 
 
 Fair average intelli- 
 gence plus psycho- 
 pathic 
 
 ^l-23-'15 Signed employer's name to 
 $3.63 check, 2 charges of forgery 
 and 1 false pretense, prob. 1 yr. 
 
 2-4-'16 Conspiracy to rob, picked up 
 in poolroom, accused of trying to 
 rob minister, disch. 
 
 3-21-'16 Burglary, Crim. Ct., $3,000, 
 Pontiac. 
 
 '6-8-' 16 Tried to break into junk deal- 
 er's, Crim. Ct, $2,000, prob. 1 yr. 
 8-21 -'16 Assault with deadly weapon, 
 
 $100 and costs. 
 4-26-'17 Burglary, Crim. Ct., $1,500, 
 
 Pontiac. 
 Juv. Ct. 3 times; St. Charles 15 mo., 
 , Parental School twice. 
 
 '7-6-'14 2012, disch. 
 
 7-31-'14 Larceny, disch. 
 
 12-28-'14 Larceny, House of Cor., 6 
 mo., $1 and costs. 
 
 4-24-'lS Burglary, disch. 
 
 8-13-'lS Accused of stealing auto, 
 disch. 
 
 9-14-'16 Robbery. Crim. Ct., $1,000, 8 
 mo. County Jail. 
 
 10-29-'17 Attempt rape and robbery, 
 woman complainant 33 yrs. old, 
 Crim. Ct. $1,500 each charge, Pon- 
 tiac. 
 ^Juv. Ct. once; John Worthy 3 mo. 
 
 ^10-30-'15 Broke into 3 stores, out of 
 1 got $17, 2d $5 and 3d $52, disch. 
 
 8-28-'16 Had gun, $100 and costs. 
 
 12-5-'16 On street 3 a. m., disch. 
 
 l-8-'17 Robbery, rec. stolen property, 
 on one disch., on other House of 
 Cor., 3 mo., $1 and costs. 
 
 S-5-'I7 Burglary, Crim. Ct. $1,000, not 
 guilty. 
 
 10-9-'17 Burglary, Crim. Ct., $1,500, 
 Pontiac. 
 
 Juv. Ct. twice ; St. Charles. 1 yr., and 
 18 mo., larceny. 
 
 4-25-16 Larceny (3), stole copper 
 wire from telephone poles. House 
 of Cor. 6 mo., motion to vacate, 
 prob. 1 yr. 
 
 11-1-'16 Burglary, broke into auto 
 . garage, Crim. Ct., $1,500, Pontiac. 
 
 75 —
 
 Caie 
 
 Age 
 
 Date in 
 Lab. 
 
 Diagnosis 
 
 Arrests 
 
 CD. 
 
 l2-7-'l5 
 
 J. E. 
 
 J. A. 
 
 20 
 
 17 
 
 10-24-16 
 
 8-10-'16 
 
 F. T. 
 
 20 
 
 4-10-'l7 
 
 G. H. 
 
 F. 0. 
 
 J.E. 
 
 21 
 
 17 
 
 17 
 
 5-27-14 
 
 l2-4-'l4 
 
 lI-20-'15 
 
 (married) 
 
 G. L 
 
 19 
 
 3-9-' 17 
 
 Average intelligence 
 plus dementia prae-^ 
 
 cox 
 
 r9-22-'14 2012, disch. 
 12-7-'15 Robbery (2), held up 2 men 
 
 with gun, Crim. Ct, $2,000 each 
 
 charge. 
 12-13-'15 Burglary (2), broke into 2 
 
 flats, stole clothing and jewelry, 
 
 Crim. Ct, $2,000 each charge, Pon- 
 
 tiac. 
 Has since left Pontiac and been killed 
 
 in hold-up. 
 
 High grade moron 
 plus dementia prae- 
 cox 
 
 Average intelligence 
 plus dementia prae-- 
 cox plus alcoholic. . 
 
 I 11-1-' 
 I Cri 
 
 16 Crimes against children, 
 im. Ct, $1,500, Pontiac. 
 
 High grade moron. 
 
 High grade moron 
 plus dementia prae-- 
 cox 
 
 High grade moron. 
 
 Middle grade moron. 
 
 High grade moron 
 plus dementia prse-^; 
 cox 
 
 '8-15-'16 Burglary, assault to kill, 
 broke into house at night was 
 caught, Crim. Ct, $400, Pontiac. 
 
 ^Previous arrest in Knoxville, Tenn. 
 
 '8-19-'14 Burglary (2) Crim. Ct, 
 
 $1,000 each charge, 1 yr. prob. 
 12-1-'14 Burglary, Crim. Ct, $1,000. 
 l-27-'lS Poolroom raid, disch. 
 2-16-'15 Burglary, Crim. Ct, $1,000, 
 
 Pontiac. 
 4-10-'17 Burglary, Crim. Ct., $1,000, 
 
 House of Cor. 9 mo. 
 ^In Parental School. 
 
 '2-14-17 Robbery, held up 3 Marshall 
 Field drivers with gun, got $57, 
 Crim. Ct, $1,000 each charge, Pon- 
 tiac. 
 
 '10-29-14 2012, prob. 6 mo. 
 
 12-4-'14 2012, disch. 
 
 4-26-'15 Stole auto, Crim. Ct., $1,500, 
 . Pontiac. 
 
 '6-26-'16 Robbery, Crim. Ct, $1,500. 
 7-14-'16 Robbery, hold-up with gun, 
 
 Pontiac. 
 .Juv. Ct. twice. 
 
 'l-4-'17 2012, prob. 6 mo. 
 l-30-'17 2012, on street 2 a. m., disch. 
 3-9-' 17 Robbery, 10 or 11 stick-up 
 jobs. 9 charges held to Crim. Ct. 
 on $3,000 each, others disch. for 
 want of prosecution, Pontiac. 
 2 previous arrests Ft Wayne. 
 Served 2 yrs. 7 mo. in reformatory, 
 ^ Plainfield, Ind. 
 
 76
 
 Age 
 
 Date in 
 Lab. 
 
 Diagnosis 
 
 Arrests 
 
 20 
 
 19 
 
 19 
 
 17 
 
 T. K. 
 
 17 
 
 9-8-' 16 
 
 l-26-'I6 
 
 I-5-*15 
 
 Middle grade moron 
 plus acute syphilis : 
 and cerebral lesion. 
 
 8-9-'15 Larceny, prob. 1 yr. 
 
 9-8-'16 2012, fight, disch. 
 
 3-30-'17 Burglary, stole brass from 
 
 boat house, Crim. Ct, $1,500, Pon- 
 
 tiac. 
 
 High grade moron 
 plus dementia pre- 
 cox 
 
 High grade moron. . . 
 
 !' 
 
 -26-' 16 Robbery, held up 2 men with 
 gun, Crim. $6,000, Pontiac. 
 
 7-22-*14 
 
 1-14-'15 
 
 12-3-'I4 
 
 6-8-' 14 
 
 2-10-'lS Burglary (3), disch. on one. 
 on other 2 held to Crim. Ct. $1,000 
 each. Pontiac. 
 
 7-22-'14 Larceny, Crim. Ct., $1,000, 
 paroled. 
 
 7-18-'14 2012, hanging round pool- 
 room, disch. 
 High grade moron... "^ 4-l5-'l5 Larceny, Crim. Ct., $1,000, 
 Pontiac. 
 
 7-25-'17 Larceny, turned over to pa- 
 role agent from Pontiac. 
 
 (^9-29-'14 Larceny, House of Cor. 20 
 days. 
 1-14-'1S Burglary, Crim. Ct, $1,000, 
 <^ Pontiac. 
 I 5-24-'17 2012, disch. 
 2 previous arrests; has been in Juv. 
 
 High grade moron... 
 
 Middle grade moron. 
 
 Ct. 
 
 12-3-'14 Burglary (5), Crim. 
 $1,000 each, Pontiac. 
 
 Ct.. 
 
 9-8-'16 
 
 High grade border- 
 land moron. . . , 
 
 High grade moron ^ 
 plus ps3^chopathic. 
 
 f 6-8-'14 2012, discharged. 
 4-23-'l5 2012, disch. 
 4-26-'15 Broke into restaurant, Crim. 
 Ct., $1,500, Pontiac. 
 ^ Previous arrest, served 6 mo. in 
 House of Cor. 
 Has been in St. Charles, John 
 V, Worthy School and Feehanville. 
 
 ^4-3-'16 2012, disch. 
 9-l-'16 Burglary, disch. 
 9-27-'16 2012 Sleeping in basement, 
 
 disch. 
 12-15-'16 Burglary, broke into house. 
 
 got clothes, watch and ring, Crim. 
 
 Ct. $1,000, Pontiac. 
 Juv. Ct. 3 times. 
 St. Charles 14 mo., John Worthy 
 
 School twice, 6 mo. and 4 mo. 
 
 — 77 —
 
 Ca*e 
 
 Age 
 
 Diagnosis 
 
 Arrests 
 
 S. T. 
 
 19 
 
 I2-II-'I6 
 
 T. W. 
 
 19 
 
 6-8-'I6 
 
 E. 0. 
 
 20 
 
 I2-9-'I6 
 
 J.I. 
 
 18 
 
 5-24-' 17 
 
 Migli grade moron. 
 
 High grade moron 
 plus psychopathic. 
 
 Low grade sociopath 
 plus dementia prae-^ 
 cox 
 
 High grade sociopath, 
 plus psychopathic. 
 
 12-24-'15 2012 Sleeping in hallway, 
 
 disch. 
 3-20-'15 2012, disch. 
 7-29-'15 Burglary, stole bicycle from 
 
 3 boys who had previously stolen 
 
 it, disch. 
 8-30-'15 Burglary (3), Crim. Ct, 
 
 $1,500 each charge. 
 l-3-'16 2012 Watchman caught him in 
 •X alley 2:30 a. m., fined $200 and 
 
 costs. 
 8-4-'16 2012, disch. 
 8-10-'16 Burglary, broke into house 
 
 and got caught, $25 and costs. 
 12-11-'16 Burglary, assault to kill, 
 
 Crim. Ct, $1,000 each charge, Pon- 
 
 tiac. 
 Juv. Ct. twice; has been in John 
 
 Worthy School. 
 
 S-ll-'lS 2012 Sleeping in barn, $25 
 
 and costs, paroled 6 mo. 
 1-10-'16 2012, disch. 
 3-14-'16 2012 In alley 1 a. m., $10 and 
 
 costs. 
 6-8-'16 Attempt burglary, Crim. Ct, 
 
 $5,000, prob. 1 yr. 
 1-19-'17 Larceny, 30 days House of 
 
 Cor., $1 and costs. 
 4-26-' 17 Burglary, broke into Edee- 
 
 brook Station, Crim. Ct, $1,500, 
 
 Pontiac. 
 Juv. Ct once. 
 ^Has been in Glenwood as dependent. 
 
 ^7-20-'14 Larceny, prob. 1 yr. 
 12-14-'14 2012, $10 and costs. House 
 of Cor. 
 
 10-20-'15 2012 on railroad property, 
 disch. 
 
 12-31-'15 Trespassing on railroad, 
 trying to beat way out of town, 
 prob. 1 yr. 
 
 12-9-'16 Robbery, robbed a junk man, 
 took him into barn to hold him up, 
 Crim. Ct, $1,000, Pontiac. 
 
 5-24-'17 False pretense, got suit of 
 clothes, 3 silk shirts, ties, shoes 
 and hat on account, prob. 1 j'r. 
 "I 7-12-'17 Con game, forged and tried 
 I to pass check of $100, Crim. Ct. 
 i2,S00 each charge, Pontiac. 
 
 L$^ 
 
 — 78 —
 
 Gise 
 
 Age 
 
 J.u. I 
 
 P. K. 
 
 17 
 
 19 
 
 F. K. 
 
 20 
 
 T. C. 
 
 19 
 
 J.C. 
 
 17 
 
 Date in 
 Ub. 
 
 10-29-* 15 
 
 1I-1-'I6 
 
 (brother 
 
 W. T. 
 
 18 
 
 (colored) 
 
 F.E. 18 
 
 Diagnosis 
 
 Arrests 
 
 High grade moron. . 
 
 5-28-'14 
 1-13-'16 
 
 9-14-'17 
 
 l-20-'15 
 to T. C.) 
 
 '2-26- U 2012, disch. 
 S-2-'14 Larceny, stealing lumber, 
 House of Cor. 5 days, $1 and costs. 
 7-9-'15 2012, disch. 
 10-29-'15 Larceny, Crim. Ct., $500. 
 9-28-'16 2012, fined $1. 
 ll-8-'16 Robbery and stick-up, Crim. 
 
 Ct., $1,500, Pontiac. 
 Juv. Ct. once, stole a football, prob. 
 
 f 4-18-'16 2012, disch. 
 High grade moron J jQ_3j.,jg Robbery, Crim. Ct. 2 
 plus dementia prs-<( charges, $2,000 each charge, Pon- 
 tiac. 
 
 r4-24-'14 2012, disch. 
 
 5-28-'14 2012, disch. 
 
 2-17-'15 Larceny, House of Cor. 30 
 days, $1 and costs. 
 
 4-24-'15 2031, vagrancy, disch. 
 
 8-10-'15 Vagrancy, disch. 
 
 1-13-'16 Robbery, Crim. Ct., $2,000, 
 '^ Pontiac. 
 
 12-2-'16 Larceny, prob. 1 yr. 
 
 10-14-'17 Burglary, larceny and con 
 game, disch. on con game and bur- 
 glary, on larceny charge House of 
 Cor. 
 
 Middle grade moron. ^ 
 
 High grade moron. 
 
 U 
 
 uv. Ct. once. 
 
 High grade moron. 
 
 4-19-'l5 
 
 5-24-15' 
 
 ■l-20-'15 2012, disch. 
 
 l-26-'15 Larceny (2), one disch., 
 other House of Cor. 30 days, mo- 
 tion to vacate, prob. 6 mo. 
 
 3-ll-'15 2012 In vacant lot 2 p. m., 
 disch. 
 
 4-23-'15 Larceny, House of Cor. 30 
 days, $1(X) and costs. 
 
 5-3-'16 Burglary, Crim. Ct.. $3,000, 
 Pontiac. 
 
 Juv. Ct. 3 times. 
 
 Parental School Syl mo., John 
 Worthy School 4 mo. and 3 mo. 
 
 .A.verage intelligence 
 plus dementia prse- 
 cox 
 
 i; 
 
 4-29-'15 Rape, Crim. Ct., $1,000, Pon- 
 tiac. 
 previous arrest, disch. 
 
 „. , , I 5-24-'15 Cr 
 
 High grade moron... <^ q^-^^ q 
 
 $2,000, Pontiac. 
 
 79
 
 Case 
 
 Age 
 
 Date in 
 Lab. 
 
 Diagnosis 
 
 Arrests 
 
 P. C. 
 
 E.O. 
 
 W. F. 
 
 A. T. 
 
 H. D. 
 G.T. 
 
 J. M. 
 
 18 
 
 II-I2-'I4 
 
 19 
 
 I0-13-'I4 
 
 I2-4-'I7 
 
 17 
 
 19 
 
 19 
 
 (colored) 
 
 F.K. 
 
 19 
 
 1 ligli grade moron. 
 
 Low gradf moron. 
 
 High grade border- 
 land moron plus de- = 
 mcntia prsecox 
 
 10-17-'14 2012, disch. 
 ll-27-'14 2012, $10and costs. 
 , J 12-7-'14 Robbery and larceny, House 
 of Cor. 6 mo. 
 7-31-'l5 Robbery (8) and 1 larceny, 
 v_ Crim. Ct., Pontiac. 
 
 ^10-13-'14 Larceny, disch. 
 2-19-'l5 Larceny, prob. 6 mo. 
 5-20-'15 2012, $25 and costs. 
 -=^ 7-30-'15 Larceny, House of Cor. 10 
 days. 
 9-9-'15 Burglary, stole 5 bicycles, 
 ~ Crim. Ct, Pontiac. 
 
 '10-20-'14 Larceny and burglary, Crim. 
 
 Ct, $1,000, Pontiac. 
 12-4-'17 Accused of robbery, Crim. 
 
 Ct, $1,000. 
 Twice in Juv. Ct 2012. 
 
 6-14-'14 
 
 6-9-' 
 9-17- 
 
 14 
 
 •14 
 
 High grade moron... -< 
 
 3-20-' 15 
 
 2-4-' 16 
 
 6-lS-'14 Larceny, prob. 1 yr. 
 
 8-ll-'14 2012, disch. 
 
 8-9-'15 Burglary (2) Crim. Ct., $1,000 
 
 each, Pontiac. 
 2 previous arrests for burglary, on 
 
 one disch., other $100 and costs. 
 
 ,r. , , i l-3-'l5 Robbery, Crim. Ct., $3,000, 
 
 High grade moron. . . \ jdiet from 1 to 14 yrs. 
 
 r3-24-'14 2012, disch. 
 High grade border- J 9-17-'14 2012, disch. 
 
 land moron "S 2-16-'15 Held up 5 men with toy gun, 
 
 L Crim. Ct, Pontiac. 
 
 ^3-18-'15 Burglary, broke into butcher 
 shop, disch. 
 ll-25-'15 Larceny, disch. 
 3-9-'16 Larceny, Crim. Ct., House of 
 
 Cor. 6 mo. 
 7-7-'16 2012 and larcenv, Crim. Ct., 
 - $1,000, Pontiac. 
 
 '3-19-'14 2012, dich. 
 12-14-'14 2012, disch. 
 12-17-'14 Larceny, House of Cor. $1 
 
 and costs. 
 6-7-'15 2012, disch. 
 ll-6-'lS Stole pocketbook. House of 
 
 Cor. 2 mo., $1 and costs. 
 2-4-'16 Assault attempt to kill, Crim. 
 
 Ct, Pontiac. 
 
 High grade moron... <; 
 
 High grade moron 
 plus demei tia prae--< 
 
 CO.K 
 
 — 80 —
 
 Case 
 
 Age 
 
 Date in 
 Lab. 
 
 Diagnosis 
 
 Arrests 
 
 I. R. 
 
 H. U. 
 
 A.E. 
 
 R. B. 
 
 19 
 
 19 
 
 17 
 
 J. B 
 
 15 
 
 5-27-'14 
 
 High grade moron. 
 
 2-19-'15 
 
 2-9-' 15 
 
 i2-7-'15 
 
 1-4-'!^ 
 10-30-'17 
 (baby bandit) 
 (brother to R. B.) 
 
 f 5-27-'14 2012, disch. 
 8-14-'14 2012, House of Cor., $50 and 
 
 costs. 
 8-22-'14 2012, $25 and costs. 
 ll-28-'14 Robbery, disch. 
 l-2-'15 Robbery, disch. 
 l-9-'15 2012, disch. 
 4-5-'15 Attempt burglary, Crim. Ct., 
 
 $1,000. 
 4-23-'15 2012, disch. 
 5-13-'l5 Robbery, Crim. Ct, $1,000. 
 1-10-16 Burglary, rec. stolen proper- 
 ty, House of Cor. 6 mo., $100 and 
 
 costs. 
 3-l-'16 Accused attempt burglary, 
 
 Crim. Ct, $3,000. 
 2-17-'17 Burglary, Crim. Ct., $1,500, 
 
 jumped bond, caught 3-29-'17, Pon- 
 
 tiac. 
 Juv. Ct. 
 
 2-26-'15 Robbery, five charges, Crim. 
 Low grade sociopath J Ct, Pontiac. Held up four men 
 plus dementia prs-A with a gun. 
 
 cox hebephrenia, 
 
 Average intelligence 
 plus psychopathic. 
 
 High grade moron.. 
 
 High grade border- 
 land sociopath plus-< 
 dementia pra;cox. 
 
 Was hanged 2-15-'18, age 22, for kill- 
 ing policeman. 
 
 2-9-'lS Burglary, broke into jewelry 
 store, Crim. Ct, $1,000, Pontiac. 
 
 '12-7-'15 Joy-riding in stolen car, 
 
 prob. 1 yr. 
 12-27-'15 Robbery (2), Crim. Ct, 
 
 $2,000 each. Pontiac. 
 
 12-30-'15 Robbery (2) and Larceny 
 (2), prob. 1 yr. 
 
 5-24-'16 Larceny, accused of trying 
 to ride in auto without owner's 
 consent, House of Cor. for violat- 
 ing his probation. 
 
 6-6-'16 Larceny and violating prob., 
 7 mo. 23 days House of Cor., $1(X) 
 and costs. 
 
 10-30-' 17 Larceny, disch. 
 
 12-20-'17 Larceny, robbery, burglary, 
 Crim. Ct. on 4 charges, $4,000, Pon- 
 tiac. 
 
 Juv. Ct. 3 times. 
 
 St. Charles School 7 mo. 
 
 Charged with having stolen 60 or 
 more automobiles in 1915. 
 
 — 81 —
 
 Case 
 
 Age 
 
 Arrests 
 
 K. T. 
 
 F. U. 
 
 20 
 
 4-IO-'l7 
 
 liKli j^r;ulc moron. 
 
 l2-22-'I5 
 
 (red pepper bandit) 
 
 J.T. 
 
 J. E. 
 
 F.JE. 
 
 L M. 
 
 19 
 
 10-28-'l4 
 
 6-28-15 
 
 9-l-'14 
 
 3-22 -'17 
 
 Average intelligence 
 plus dementia pras-^ 
 
 n i,t>h grade moron . . . "> 
 
 "8-19-'14 Burglary (2), Crim. Ct, 
 
 $1,000 each, prob. 1 yr. 
 12-1-'14 Burglary, Crim. Ct, $1,000. 
 l-27-'15 Poolroom raid, disch. 
 2-16-'lS Burglary, Crim. Ct, $1,000, 
 
 Pontiac. 
 4-10-'17 Burglary, Crim. Ct, $1,000. 
 Previous arrest 2012, served House 
 
 of Cor. 43 days. 
 ^Several Juv. Ct arrests. 
 
 '12-22-'15 (1) Assault with intent to 
 rob. (2) Robbery 9 charges and 2 
 charges. 
 
 JTeld to Crim. Ct. on 4 charges, $1,000 
 each ; 2 disch. for want of prosecu- 
 tion, Pontiac. 
 
 Previous arrest Paris, III., vagrancy, 
 served 20 days. 
 
 '^5-3-'15 Broke into restaurant, caught, 
 Crim. Ct., $1,500, Pontiac. 
 
 6-6-' 17 2012 $5 and costs. 
 
 2 previous arrests. House of Cor., $50 
 and costs for each. 
 
 Low grade sociopath 
 plus dementia pr3e-=\ 
 cox 
 
 II i g Ii grade morons 
 
 r7-l-'15 2012, disch. 
 
 7-14-'15 Robbery, liold-up, Crim. Ct., 
 $2,000. 
 
 10-26-'16 (1) Attempt robbery, (2) 
 Robbery, 2 charges, held up man 
 with gun, Crim. Ct., $7,500, Pon- 
 tiac. 
 
 Juv. Ct. once, has been in St. Charles. 
 
 '5-23-' 15 Larceny, House of Cor. 30 
 
 days, $10 and costs. 
 8-24-'14 2012, House of Cor., $50 and 
 
 costs. 
 3-ll-'16 Held up man with gun, Crim. 
 
 Ct. $3,000, Pontiac. 
 3 previous arrests, 2 for 2012. on one 
 
 disch., other fined $50 and costs ; 
 
 another arrest, selling stolen goods. 
 
 High grade moron 
 plus dementia pr32-<^ 
 cox hebephrenia.. 
 
 ''3-22-' 17 Larceny, Pontiac 11 months. 
 
 Out of Pontiac two months, stole two 
 wagon loads of fruit Held to 
 Criminal Ct. 
 
 Juvenile Ct. twice. Parental School 
 6 mos. Lincoln F. M. Institution, 
 ran away three times, was sent 
 liack once from Boys Court 
 
 — 82
 
 J. A. 
 
 17 
 
 7-3I-I6 
 
 A. K. 
 
 17 
 
 1-16-'17 
 
 M. E. 
 
 20 
 
 3-16-18 
 
 f. R. 
 
 19 
 
 l-29-'18 
 
 E. G. 
 
 18 
 
 3-19-15 
 
 High grade moron 
 plus alcoholic plus>^ 
 psychopathic 
 
 M i g h grade moron 
 plus dementia prae- , 
 cox "^ 
 
 High grade moron 
 plus dementia prse-^ 
 cox ^ 
 
 II igli grade moron ^ 
 
 High grade border- 
 land moron plus 
 dementia praecox . . 
 
 Arrests 
 
 f 4-13-'14 2012, disch. 
 7-21-'14 2012, disch. 
 7-27-'14 2012, disch. 
 l-2-'15 2012, disch. 
 8-2-'15 2012, disch. 
 
 8-9-'15, Fighting in restaurant, disch. 
 12-14-'15 Burglary, drinking, Crim. 
 
 Ct., $2,500, Pontiac. 
 3 previous arrests 2012, fined on 2, 
 
 disch. on 1. 
 >^Juv. Ct. once. 
 
 ^ll-20-'16 Had loaded gun, said he 
 
 was holding it for another boy, 
 
 prob. 6 mo. 
 1-16-'17 Larcenj', stole brass from 
 
 railroad, sold it for $3. Bond for 
 
 capias ordered. 
 6-11-17 Burglary, broke into drug 
 
 store, Crim. Ct, $1,500, Pontiac. 
 Juv. Ct. twice. 
 
 ^1-19-'15 Larceny 2 charges. Stealing 
 brass. House of Cor. 5 mo. 
 6-12-'15 2012 disch. 
 6-12-'16 Burglar\-, Pontiac 1 yr. 
 3-15-'18 Broke into junk store, got 
 200 lbs. of brass. Pontiac 1 yr., 
 $100 and costs. 
 vJuv. Ct. (2), John Worthy 3 mo. 
 
 .ll-22-'17 2012, with boy who had 
 gun, did not know it ; $25 and costs, 
 House of Cor., motion to vacate ; 
 disch. 
 
 1-26-18 Malicious mischief, 2012: 
 disch. 
 
 2-19-'18 Burglary (3). Broke into 2 
 drugstores; Crim. Ct., $2,500 each, 
 Pontiac. 
 
 Juvenile Ct. twice; St. Charles and 
 V. Parental School. 
 
 2-5-'15 2059, disch. 
 
 3-19-'15 Burglary, disch. 2012. $25 
 
 and costs. 
 7-2-'15 2012 On R. R. property, had 
 
 fight with officer, disch. 
 7-9-'15 2012 On street 12:30 a. nr. 
 
 disch. 
 l-29-'16 Burglary. Conspiracy tc 
 
 rob, disch. 
 12-15-'17 Robbery (5) on street 11 
 
 p. m. 
 Larceny (1), Crim. Ct., $2,500 each. 
 
 Pontiac. 
 
 — 83
 
 Case 
 
 Date in 
 Ub. 
 
 Diagnosis 
 
 Arrests 
 
 J.E 
 
 17 
 
 I-I4-'I8 
 
 H. A. 
 
 17 
 
 6-2-"l5 
 
 I,o\v grade sociopath 
 plus dementia kata-' 
 tonia 
 
 II igh grade 
 cocainist . . 
 
 moron, 
 
 M. E 
 
 19 
 
 4-17-'17 
 
 G. L 
 
 (coIo 
 
 19 
 red) 
 
 5-27-'16 
 
 High grade border-; 
 land moron plus 
 predementia p r ae- 
 
 cox 
 
 Low grade sociopath 
 plus psychopathic. ^ 
 
 I 1-14-18 Burglary, broke into cafe 
 j coach ; says he wanted something 
 . to eat; accused stealing silver, 
 
 Crim. Ct., $800, Pontiac. 
 i^Juv. Ct. twice, prob. ; larceny, auto. 
 
 ^6-2-'l5 Larceny, stole bicycle, prob. 6 
 
 mo. 
 12-23-'15 2807 (had a gun), $100 and 
 
 costs. 
 l-8-'18 Burglary, broke into house in 
 
 daytime, got jewelry, 4 watches, 
 
 Crim. Ct., $2,000, Pontiac. 
 
 4-17-'17 2012, disch. 
 
 6-ll-'17 2012 Walked around Chicago 
 all night, picked up 6 a. m., disch. 
 
 8-16-'17 2012 $15 and costs. House of 
 Cor. Larceny, disch. In an alley. 
 
 10-8-'17 2012, accused of robbery, 
 disch. 
 
 ll-2-'17 Burglary, stole 8 mfg. covers, 
 disch. 
 
 ll-30-'17 Burglary, broke into furni- 
 ture store, got rugs, tried to sell 
 them. Crim. Ct, $1,000, Pontiac. 
 \^]uv. Ct. once, St. Charles 17 mo. 
 
 10-2-'l5 Robbery, Crim. Ct., $1,000. 
 
 5-23-'16 Robbery, Crim. Ct., $3,000, 
 disch. 
 
 7-24-'16 Robbery, Pontiac 1 yr., $1,000 
 and costs. 
 
 11-19-'17 Robbery, accused of hold- 
 up, Crim. Ct, $1,000, Joliet. 
 V Morals Court once, $1 and costs. 
 
 — 84 —
 
 Boys sentenced directly to Pontiac from Municipal Court 
 
 Case 
 
 Age 
 
 Date in 
 Ub. 
 
 Diagnosis 
 
 ArresU 
 
 J. A. 
 
 19 
 
 6-3-' 15 
 
 E. 0. 
 
 4-28-' 15 
 
 D. C. 
 
 J.E. 
 
 17 
 
 7-l8-'l6 
 
 17 
 
 9-l-'l5 
 
 C. S. 
 
 17 
 
 5-28-' 17 
 
 Average intelligence-^ 
 
 plus psychopathic..^ 
 
 High grade border 
 land moron plus< 
 dementia pr^ecox.. 
 
 '6-3-'15 (1) Larceny, (2) Forgery, 
 (3) Larceny. Father had him ar- 
 rested; stole $105 from father, left 
 home; disch. for want of prosecu- 
 tion. 
 5-16-'t6 (1) Larceny, (2) Embezzle- 
 ment; stole $16 from Thompson's. 
 (1) Pontiac 1 yr., $100 and costs; 
 
 - (2) disch. 
 
 '4-28-'14 Burglary, disch. 
 
 4-28-'l5 Mother had him arrested 
 
 staying out late nights, disch. 
 7-7-'15 2012, prob. 6 mo. 
 10-19-'15 2012, disch. 
 10-22-'15 2012, disch. 
 11-1-'15 Walking on street 11 p. m., 
 
 disch. 
 
 11-12-'15 2012 On street late, disch. 
 2-28-'16 2012 Drunk, $25, paid. 
 5-25-'16 Larceny, riding in stolen car; 
 
 Pontiac 1 yr., $100 and costs. 
 2-ll-'18 Receiving stolen property, 
 
 jury trial. 
 Juv. Ct., St. Charles 7 mo., staying 
 
 away from home. 
 
 High grade moron 
 plus dementia prse- 
 cox 
 
 Average intelligence 
 plus pre-dementia- 
 praecox 
 
 M8-'16 Robbery 
 gun ; Pontiac 1 
 .IV. Ct. once, St. 
 
 and larceny, had 
 yr., $100 and costs. 
 Charles 18 mo. 
 
 '9-l-'15 Took lead out of basement; 
 
 House of Cor. 6 mo. 
 l-8-'17 Obtaining money under false 
 pretenses ; got meat on some one 
 else's name, Pontiac 1 yr., $300 and 
 costs, 
 vjuv. Ct. once, St. Charles 15 mo. 
 
 High grade moron. 
 
 I' 
 
 -28-17 Larceny, worked around 
 movie theater, took $50 out of cash 
 box, went to Scranton, Iowa, 
 caught there; Pontiac 1 yr., $1 and 
 costs. 
 
 — 85 —
 
 Case 
 
 Diagnosis 
 
 Arrests 
 
 N. 0. 
 
 S. E. 
 
 T. C. 
 
 16 
 
 G. I. 
 
 17 
 
 4-11-17 
 
 2-23-'16 
 
 7-l8-*16 
 
 6-17-'14 
 
 Middle grade moron 
 plus predementia<: 
 prrecox 
 
 High grade moron... < 
 
 M i g h grade moron 
 plus predementia: 
 prKCOx 
 
 Luw grade sociopath 
 plus dementia prae-<^ 
 cox 
 
 6-29-'16 2012, disch. 
 
 4-ll-'17 Larceny, "found" pocket- 
 book ; sent to Lincoln, ran away 
 several times. 
 
 6-4-'17 Burglary, lead pipe, Crim. Ct., 
 $1,000. 
 
 6-27-'17 Larceny, "found a bike," $50 
 and costs. 
 
 8-24-'17 Burglary, receiving stolen 
 shoes, Crim. Ct, $1,000. 
 
 12-7-'17 Larceny, Pontiac 1 yr., $50 
 and costs. 2012, 2029, disch. 
 
 Juv. Ct. 3 times ; Parental School 1 
 yr., St. Charles 26 mo., ran away. 
 
 2-23-'16 Received stolen property, 
 forgot to return pair of shoes sto- 
 len by younger brother. House of 
 Cor. 60 days, $25 and costs. 
 
 7-10-'16 Burglary, broke into garage, 
 got 7 tires and 2 bathing suits, 
 Pontiac 1 yr., $100 and costs. 
 
 Juv. Ct. twice, John Worthy School 
 3 months. 
 
 'l0-30-'15 Burglary (2). Broke into 
 saloon, got $52, disch. Broke into 
 2 butcher shops, got $17 and $5, 
 disch. 
 7-18-'16 Robbery and larceny, had 
 gun, Pontiac 1 yr., $100 and costs. 
 Juv. Ct. 6 times ; St. Charles 1 mo., 
 ran away ; House of Cor. 4 mo. 
 
 ^6-17-'14 Larceny, bicycle, prob. 1 yr. 
 
 7-3-'14 Larceny, 2 pipes from Fair, 
 House of Cor. 10 days. 
 
 9-8-'14 2012, disch. 
 
 12-22-'14 Larceny (2), disch. 
 
 6-8-'15 978, disch. 
 
 1-10-'16 2012, disch. 
 
 Larceny, Crim. Ct., $2,000, dismissed. 
 
 4-1-16 Assault deadly weapon, Pon- 
 tiac 1 yr., $500 and costs. 
 
 Larceny, disch. 
 
 6-ll-'17 2012, disch. 
 
 6-18-'17 2012, $200 and costs. House 
 of Cor. 
 
 l-25-'18 2012, trans, jury branch. 
 LJiiv. Ct. 
 
 — 86
 
 Cas 
 
 J. L. 
 
 Age 
 
 Date i 
 Lab. 
 
 Diagnosis 
 
 M. N. 
 
 17 
 
 W. 0. 
 
 W. L 
 
 W. E. 
 
 19 
 
 10-29-' 15 Average intelligence 
 plus dementia prae- 
 cox moral defect. . . 
 
 4-7-'16 
 
 II-29-'l5 
 
 2-25-'l5 
 
 6-18-'14 
 
 Arrests 
 
 ri0-29-'15 Obtaining money under 
 false pretenses (2). Took watch, 
 House of Cor. 2 mo. 
 4-10-'16 False pretenses, Pontiac 1 
 
 yn, $500 and costs. 
 Previous arrest 1, 2012, House of 
 , Cor. 30 days. 
 
 High grade moron 
 
 High grade moron < 
 
 r 7-24-'14 2012, disch. 
 .. } 11-12-'14 2012, disch. 
 
 ( 4-10-'16 Larceny, Pontiac 1 yr., $100. 
 
 ll-29-'15 Larceny, took toys from 10- 
 cent store and $5.75 from 10-cent 
 store belonging to scrub woman ; 
 prob. 1 yr. 
 
 12-8-'15 Larceny, prob. 1 yr. 
 
 4-18-'16 Burglary (2). Broke into 
 barn where candy was stored, Pon- 
 tiac 1 yr., $100 and costs. 
 
 Juv. Ct. twice, St. Charles. 
 
 .Middle grade moron 
 plus dementia prae-: 
 cox 
 
 High grade moron... <; 
 
 4-22-'14 Larceny, disch. 
 
 2-25-'15 Burglary, disch. Mai. mis- 
 chief. House of Cor. 90 days. 
 
 7-l-'15 Larceny, accused of stealing 
 harness, disch. 
 
 4-22-'16 Larceny, Pontiac 1 yr., $100 
 and costs. 
 
 12-21-'16 2012, going home 11:30, 
 House of Cor. 
 
 7-21-'17 Burglary, accused of break- 
 ing into saloon, Crim. Ct., $2,500, 
 prob. 
 
 Previous arrest larceny, disch. 
 
 Juv. Ct, stealing lead pipe, John 
 Worthy School IJ^ mo. 
 
 5-8-'14 Burglary, breaking into gar- 
 age, Grand Jury $1,000, House of 
 Cor. 1 yr. 
 
 2-7-'16 Burglary, disch. 
 
 4-24-'16 Stole auto, went joy riding, 
 sent to Pontiac 1 yr., $100 and 
 costs. 
 
 Previous arrest 9-29-'13 burglary, 
 auto, House of Cor. 6 mo. 
 
 — 87-
 
 Diagnosis 
 
 J.R. 
 
 17 
 
 6-17-'l6 
 
 Low grade sociopath 
 
 A. 0. 
 
 12-1-'I4 
 
 P.I. 
 
 D. 0. 
 
 17 
 
 17 
 
 5-3-'l6 
 
 2-28-' 18 
 
 Arrests 
 
 1-13-'16 Burglary, trying to break 
 
 into show case on street, shot in 
 
 leg by officer, prob. 1 yr. 
 6-1 7-' 16 Mai. mischief, Pontiac 1 yr., 
 
 $500 and costs. 
 8-23-'17 Picked up in alley at 2 a. m., 
 
 $25 and costs. 
 Juv. Ct. 3 times, St. Charles 18 mo. 
 
 Sent to Lincoln by Juv. Ct., ran 
 
 away. 
 
 High grade moron. 
 
 High grade moron. 
 
 I 
 
 L 
 
 High grade moron 
 plus dementia pras 
 cox hebephrenia. 
 
 M.W. 
 
 17 
 
 I-I3-'I5 
 
 ^!; 
 
 12-1-'14 2012, $200 and costs, prob. 6 
 
 mo. 
 2- 16-' 15 2012, $100 and costs. 
 7-31-'15 2012, violating prob., com. to 
 
 probation officer. 
 ll-8-'15 2012, $10 and costs. 
 5-9-'16 2012 Taken off 12th st. car, 
 
 disch. 
 5-12-'16 2012, Pontiac. 
 5-15-'16 Attempt larceny, 1 yr., $100 
 
 and costs. 
 Juv. Ct. twice. 
 
 4-29-'16 Sec. 15, M. V. L., disch. 2690 
 ch. 121 R. S., prob. 1 yr. 
 
 5-3-'16 Larceny, accused stealing mo- 
 tor cycle, disch. 
 
 6-1 3-' 16 Larceny, stole gun from bak- 
 ery, Pontiac 1 yr., $100 and costs. 
 
 2-28-'18 Larceny, broke windows in 
 hay loft, Pontiac 1 yr., $100. 
 uv. Ct. twice, Cook Co. School. 
 
 Middle grade moron 
 has had scabies "^ 
 
 1-13-'15 2012, $10 and costs. 
 
 7-10-'15 2012, Stealing bread from 
 
 boxes, disch. 
 2-25-'16 2012 Sleeping in hallway, 
 
 $2 and costs. 
 2-26-'17 2807 (had gun), $100 and 
 
 costs. 
 9-29-'17 2012 On street 3:30 a. m., 
 
 $200 and costs. House of Cor. 
 Accused of burglary, disch. 
 4-29-'18 Burglary (5), Larceny (1). 
 
 Broke into jewelry store at night, 
 
 got grip full of goods, Pontiac 1 yr., 
 
 $18 and costs. 
 Juv. Ct. 
 
 — 88
 
 Case 
 
 Age 
 
 Diagnosis 
 
 Arrests 
 
 F.K. 
 
 4-9-'17 
 
 II i g h grade moron 
 plus predementia-> 
 prrecox 
 
 J. I- 
 
 17 
 
 2-24-' 16 
 
 K. R. 
 
 21 
 
 7-30-'l4 
 
 High grade moron 
 plus predementia"* 
 prscox 
 
 f 10-2O-'15 2012, fined $10. 
 
 12-11-'16 2012, disch. 
 
 12-30-'16 Larceny, accused of bur- 
 glary, disch. 
 
 2-20-'17 2012, disch. 
 
 4-9-'17 Burglary, Crim. Ct., $1,500. 
 
 ll-7-'17 2807, $100 and costs, House 
 of Cor. 
 
 S-7-'18, Larceny. Broke into freight 
 car, got 12 boxes of soap, Pontiac 
 1 yr., $18 and costs. 
 
 Juv. Ct. 3 times, John Worthy School 
 3 mo. and 2 mo., St. Charles 11 
 mo. 
 
 2-24-'16 Larceny, had fight with boy, 
 
 prob. 1 yr. 
 6-10-*16 Larceny, broke into bakery, 
 
 Pontiac 1 yr., $100 and costs. 
 9-25-'17 2012 Walking on street 3 p. 
 
 m., disch. 
 10-2-'17 Larceny, was drunk, accused 
 
 of stealing Buick, Crim. Ct., $800 
 
 (no bill). 
 10-31-'17 2012 Fight about wages, 
 
 disch. , 
 
 ll-5-'17 2012, $10 and costs, House 
 
 of Cor. 
 12-19-'17 Burglary, Crim. Ct., $1,500, 
 
 House of Cor. 3 mo. 
 6-31-'18 2012, Accused stealing water 
 
 melon, disch. 
 Juv. Ct. 4 times, John Worthy School 
 
 3 mo. 
 
 r^ 
 
 Low grade sociopath, 
 plus dementia prae-" 
 cox hebephrenia — 
 
 7-30-'14 Had Juvenile Court Record 
 and other court records previous to 
 the establishment of the Boys 
 Court, breaking parole. Had spent 
 fifty-two months in Pontiac for as- 
 sault and robben-. He shot his vic- 
 tim. 
 
 22-22-'15 Disorderly conduct. 
 
 S-22-'15 Disorderly conduct. On this 
 occasion we committed him and he 
 was sent to State Hospital for the 
 Insane. 
 
 7-15-'18 Murder. 
 
 — 80 —
 
 a*e 
 
 Age 
 
 Date in 
 Ub. 
 
 Diagnosis 
 
 Arrests 
 
 
 
 
 
 r 6-9-14 2012, disch. 
 
 
 
 
 
 6-18-'14 2012, disch. 
 
 
 
 
 
 2-17-'lS Larceny, stealing bag of oats 
 
 
 
 
 
 from barn. House of Cor., 10 days. 
 
 R. A. 
 
 19 
 
 6-9-' 14 
 
 High grade moron. . . < 
 
 $1 and costs. 
 6-28-'16 Sodomy, contributing to de- 
 linquency of children, $200 and 
 costs, Pontiac 1 yr. 
 ^Juv. Ct. once, 2012, disch. 
 
 1-31-'17 Larceny, burg, grocery store, 
 
 prob. 1 yr. 
 3-14-'17 2012 Sleeping in basement, 
 
 disch. 
 6-22-'17 2012 Coming from swimming 
 
 pool, disch. 
 
 S. N. 
 
 17 
 
 2-14-'l7 
 
 High grade moron 
 plus dementia prae-s^ 
 
 cox 
 
 9-5-'l7 Larceny, stole 12 prs. shoes 
 
 from Ry., disch. 
 11-15-'17 2012 Accused of cutting lead 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 pipe, disch. payment costs $6. 
 
 
 
 
 
 ll-26-'17 2012 Staying with boy in 
 
 
 
 
 
 furnished room, $10 and costs, 
 
 
 
 
 
 House of Cor. 
 
 
 
 
 
 \2-2V\7 Larceny, Pontiac 1 yr. 
 
 
 
 
 
 Juv. Ct. twice. 
 
 — 90
 
 Anthropometrical 
 
 The anthropometrical data assembled on our cases are so extensive that they 
 will have to be treated separately. We submit here, however, the height, weight and 
 ponderal index averages on 513 random cases from the Boys Court, with the cor- 
 responding average mental ratings, as a matter of interest. The measurements are 
 in the metric system ; the height in centimeters, the weight in kilograms, the Pi. 
 
 3 
 
 (Ponderal Index) is 100 x \/ W. W. equals weight, IT. equals height. 
 H. 
 
 A. D. equals Average Deviation, o" equals Mean Square Deviation or Standard 
 Deviation. The Ponderal Index is an index of embonpoint or state of general 
 nutrition. The ages given here represent nearest birthdays. 
 
 Average basal 
 
 Age. No. case.s. mental age. A. D. *^ 
 
 16 7 9.14 0.76 1.00 
 
 17 98 8.83 0.94 1.12 
 
 18 160 8.84 0.90 .1.22 
 
 19 123 8.73 0.93 1.28 
 
 20 80 9.00 0.95 1.22 
 
 21 27 8.82 1.07 1.67 
 
 22 10 8.50 0.80 0.89 
 
 23 8 8.75 0.82 1.22 
 
 Average total 
 
 Age. No. cases. mental age. A. D. ^ 
 
 16 7 11.34 0.67 0.89 
 
 17 98 11.03 0.76 0.99 
 
 18 160 11.29 0.8S 1.10 
 
 19 123 11.03 0.84 1.07 
 
 20 80 11.39 0.86 1.04 
 
 21 27 11.23 1.17 1.70 
 
 22 10 11.54 0.78 0.92 
 
 23 8 10.95 1.05 1.34 
 
 Age. No. cases. Height. A. D. a 
 
 16 7 170.54 5.27 4.22 
 
 17 98 167.05 6.19 7.98 
 
 18 160 169.81 5.23 6.44 
 
 19 123 169.45 5.18 6.65 
 
 20 80 171.31 5.44 6.64 
 
 21 27 170.32 6.20 6.96 
 
 22 10 173.37 5.69 6.92 
 
 23 8 168.57 3.57 4.63 
 
 Age. No. cases "Weight. A. D. a 
 
 16 7 56.23 6.88 6.31 
 
 17 98 60.59 6.50 8.17 
 
 18 160 60.05 5.63 7.51 
 
 19 123 60.84 5.47 6.98 
 
 20 80 62.36 4.27 5.47 
 
 21 27 60.93 8.20 9.36 
 
 22 10 67.90 4.64 6.14 
 
 23 8 63.77 4.77 5.32 
 
 Age. No. cases. Pi. A. D. a 
 
 16 7 22.41 0.44 0.56 
 
 17 98 23.13 0.58 0.77 
 
 18 160 23.00 0.59 0.79 
 
 19 123 23.13 0.56 0.77 
 
 20 80 22.99 0.73 1.40 
 
 21 27 23.10 0.94 0.73 
 
 22 10 23.54 0.56 0.73 
 
 23 8 23.71 0.59 0.73 
 
 — 91 —
 
 THEJMORALS COURT 
 
 The report on this court covers the examination of 957 cases (793 females 
 and 164 males), and is a representative sampling of the human material dealt with 
 in this cowrt. 
 
 A certain percentage of these girls have had illegitimate children in their 
 younger years, and the record of cases examined in the bastardy court shows that 
 about 65 per cent are feeble-minded. 
 
 Of course, a very high percentage of these girls from the Morals Court had 
 syphilis or gonorrhea or both. As is generally known, females do not suffer as 
 much locally, and therefore do not pay as much attention to gonorrhea, after the 
 initial acute stage, as males, in whom the discomforts are more pronounced, and 
 therefore more apt to receive attention. The danger with the females, however, 
 is that the disease may extend to the other genital organs and adnexa tending to 
 sterility, and may on occasion call for operation. On account of the lightness of 
 the symptoms in the female, she is less apt to undergo treatment, and therefore is a 
 great source of danger as an infective agent; in fact, "typhoid Mary," who leaves 
 a train of typhoid fever in her wake, is no worse than a "gonorrhea carrier," whose 
 devastations may be just as serious and widespread in their way. 
 
 In the matter of syphilis, also, the disease, on the whole, follows a much more 
 benign course in the female than in the male, and it is only when the local secondary 
 symptoms become aggravated, or the skin eruption or throat symptoms become 
 severe, that many of these women, especially the lower grade ones of the clandes- 
 tine type, give this matter any attention ; and they are therefore widespread infecting 
 agents in this stage in the matter of lesions of the mucous and muco-cutaneous 
 surfaces. 
 
 Fortunately, the majority of these symptoms run their course and disappear 
 spontaneouslj', or the damage these girls would do would be incalculable. Once 
 these girls have syphilis, unless they are thoroughly cured, either through treat- 
 ment or spontaneously, they cannot become reinfected, and therefore cannot go 
 through the secondary period again, which is the time when they are most infective 
 to others. While they are more or less syphilized, they do not bear living children, 
 or, if they do, as a rule the children die shortly. Venereal infections may almost be 
 regarded as occupational diseases with some of these cases. Contact alone will 
 not produce infection; other factors are necessary, such as abrasion of skin, etc. 
 The value of a positive Wasserman reaction is only relative— it may mean the 
 case has had congenital lues, was infected twenty or thirty years previously, or 
 is i,n an active infective stage, or may be latent. 
 
 In the matter of recidivism, the Morals Court cases take the lead over all 
 others, which is quite natural since the majority of these girls are too feeble-minded 
 or psychopathic to make a living legitimately, and they must ply their trade more 
 or less in the open, while the boy delinquents, from the nature of their crimes. 
 work surreptitiously. However, if this means of livelihood is taken away from 
 them and none other provided, they will have to resort to other means of living, 
 such as larceny, burglary, and the like. These girls are much greater prevaricators 
 than the boys, in fact, there is no truth in them. 
 
 There are very few of the girls coming into the Morals Court who are actually 
 first offenders. They have already begun their careers in their juvenile years 
 They show the same difficulties in school and environmental conflict, according 
 to their nature, that the boys do. Parents come to court with their girls, and make 
 
 — 92 —
 
 the same complaints of incorrigibility tliat they do in the Boys Court with their 
 sons. We are often asked as to why these girls appear so much younger than their 
 years. This is no doubt due to the mental immaturity of such a high percentage 
 of them. To the saying "every line a thought," we might add, "no thoughts, no 
 lines." The masked faces of many of the praecox cases may also play a role here. 
 
 FEMALES 
 Average Intelligence. 
 
 Mental Diagnosis. 
 
 No. of Average Average Average 
 
 Cases. Chronological Age. Basal Mental Age. Total Mental Age. 
 
 63 25.4 9.71 12.36 
 
 Psychopathy. 
 
 In this group twenty-three were diagnosed as dementia prcccox. Eleven of 
 these were complicated by alcoholism, one of these had advanced tuberculosis, and 
 one had epilepsy. 
 
 Nine were diagnosed as psychopathic constitution. Four were complicated by 
 drug addiction, and one of the latter by alcohol also. 
 
 Two had preparalytic dementia, one complicated by alcoholism. 
 
 In a tabulation of twenty-one of these cases, eight were in for soliciting, eigli< 
 were* arrested in raids of disorderly houses, one for receiving stolen property, one 
 for alcoholism, three for adultery. One of the latter, married to a white man 
 with whom she had a little girl, age seven, was consorting with a Chinaman. 
 
 High Grade Borderland Sociopaths. 
 
 Mental Diagnosis. 
 
 No. of 
 
 Average 
 
 Average 
 
 Average 
 
 Cases. 
 
 Chronological Age. 
 
 Basal Mental Age. 
 
 Total Mental Age. 
 
 33 
 
 24.67 
 
 9.79 
 
 12.22 
 
 Psychopathy. 
 
 Eight of this group were diagnosed as cases of dementia praecox, six of these 
 were complicated by alcoholism ; and one of this group was complicated by pre- 
 paralytic dementia. 
 
 Four were diagnosed as psychopathic constitution, one complicated by acute 
 alcoholism. 
 
 The following arrests tabulated on a group of nine cases showed : 
 
 Case, age 18, dementia pra?cox ; arrested for bigamy. 
 
 Case, age 21, dementia praecox; has had five arrests for soliciting. 
 
 Case, age 23, dementia pra;cox ; has had eight arrests, seven for soliciting; one 
 in raid on house. 
 
 Case, age 21, dementia pra?cox ; living in adultery with her brother-in-law. 
 
 Case, age 21, dementia praaccox ; arrested three times for soliciting. 
 
 Case, age 25, psychopathic plus alcoholism ; arrested twice, inmate of disorderly 
 house. 
 
 High and Middle Grade Sociopaths. 
 Mental Diagnosis. 
 
 No. of 
 Cases. 
 
 Average 
 Chronological Age. 
 
 Average 
 Basal Mental Age. 
 
 Avenge 
 Total Mental Age. 
 
 39 
 
 25.48 
 
 9.56 
 
 12.16 
 
 93
 
 J'syihopalliy. 
 
 'Iwclvc' of tliis group were diagnosed cases of dementia pra;cox, 7 of these 
 were complicated by alcoholism, 1 was a pathological liar. 
 
 Three were diagnosed psychopathic constitution, 1 complicated by alcoholism 
 and epilepsy. 
 
 The following arrests were tabulated on nine cases: 
 
 Case, age 32, psychopathic, epileptic, alcoholic; arrested five times for alcohol- 
 ism, has been in House of Correction. 
 
 Case, age 18, dementia precox; arrested 5 a. m., said she was looking for work. 
 
 Case, age 33, psychopatiiic and alcoholic; has had seven arrests for soliciting. 
 
 Case, age 23, dementia prsccox; was found in a cellar with two boys of juvenile 
 age. 
 
 Case, age 24, dementia prjccox, married woman ; arrested in a hotel with a 
 man. 
 
 Four of the group of nine were arrested for soliciting. 
 
 Low Grade Sociopaths. 
 Mental Diagnosis. 
 
 No. of 
 
 Average 
 
 Average 
 
 Average 
 
 Cases. 
 
 Chronological Age. 
 
 Basal Mental Age. 
 
 Total Mental Age. 
 
 43 
 
 25.6 
 
 8.77 
 
 11.66 
 
 Psychopathy. 
 
 Twenty-one were diagnosed dementia prsecox; six complicated by alcoholism; 
 one with preparalytic dementia. 
 
 Eleven were diagnosed psychopathic constitution; four complicated by alcohol- 
 ism; one was a drug addict. 
 
 Tabulations of arrests on a group of thirty-one cases : 
 
 Ten cases arrested for soliciting. 
 
 Two cases arrested for fornication. 
 
 Tabulation of Cases. 
 
 Case, age 24, dementia precox, white; lives with colored man. 
 
 Case, age 19, dementia prascox ; living with a man. 
 
 Case, age 24, dementia proecox ; adultery. 
 
 Case, age 31, dementia praecox ; four arrests in Morals Court and three previ- 
 ous arrests, six as inmates of disorderly house; one for burglary. 
 
 Case, age 16, psychopathic ; once in Morals Court ; four previous arrests ; two 
 Juvenile Court arrests. Was in Park Ridge Home for Girls eleven months ; St. 
 Mary's School one year. 
 
 Case, age 20, psychopathic, alcoholic, colored; arrested with a white man. 
 
 Case, age 24, psychopathic, colored; living with a white man. 
 
 Case, age 16. psychopathic; arrested in Morals Court, also in Juvenile Court. 
 
 Case, age 22, highly psychopathic; six arrests in Morals Court for soliciting; 
 once in Juvenile Court for truanc}'. 
 
 Case, age 19, dementia praecox; two arrests in Morals Court, once in Juvenile 
 Court; arrested 2 a. m. on the street; had stolen $90 from her brother. Had been 
 in House of Good Shepherd one year. 
 
 The balance were in for disorderly conduct and drinking. 
 
 In a group of 31 cases, average arrests for group in Morals Court, 1.58; other 
 branches, 1.09; Juvenile Court, 1.16; average arrests in other branches, three cases 
 three times; Juvenile Court, four cases with five arrests. - 
 
 — 94 —
 
 High Grade Borderland Morons. 
 Mental Diagnosis. 
 
 No. of Average Average Average 
 
 Cases. Chronological Age. Basal Mental Age. Total Mental Age. 
 
 15 26.26 8.6 11.6 
 
 Psychopathy. 
 Nine were diagnosed dementia prcecox ; two were complicated by alcoholism ; 
 one was a drug addict. 
 
 Two were diagnosed psychopathic constitution, one complicated by alcoholism. 
 Two were diagnosed preparalytic dementia, one with epilepsy. 
 
 Tabulation of Cases. 
 
 Case, age 30, dementia pra;cox ; adultery. 
 
 Case, age Z2, dementia priecox ; adultery. 
 
 Case, age 30, dementia pr^ecox plus preparalytic dementia ; fornication and 
 adultery. 
 
 Case, age 30, dementia praecox ; bigamy. 
 
 Case, age 35, preparalytic dementia and epilepsy; three arrests in Morals 
 Court; inmate of disorderly house and in hotel with man. 
 
 Case, age 28, dementia prjccox ; inmate of disorderly house ; three arrests in 
 Morals Court. 
 
 Case, age 26, dementia pnecox, also drug addict ; three arrests in Morals 
 Court, arrested in raids. 
 
 Case, age 22, dementia praecox, alcoholism ; adulterj'. 
 
 Case, age 22, dementia priecox ; in cabaret with her two sons, age 5 and 6: 
 man accused her of stealing money from him. 
 
 Case, age 17, psychopathic; adultery. 
 
 Case, age 20, psychopathic, alcoholic; three arrests in Morals Court. Has been 
 in House of Correction twice ; previously arrested for soliciting. 
 
 Balance of cases arrested for soliciting. 
 
 High Grade Morons. 
 
 Mental Diagnosis. 
 
 No. of 
 
 Average 
 
 Average 
 
 Average 
 
 Cases. 
 
 Chronological Age. 
 
 Basal Mental Age. 
 
 Total Mental Age. 
 
 341 
 
 25.17 
 
 8.48 
 
 11.17 
 
 Psychopathy. 
 
 One hundred and thirty-one were diagnosed dementia praecox ; fifty-nine were 
 complicated by alcoholism ; two by alcoholism and drug addiction. One alcoholic 
 also exhibitionist. 
 
 One w-as drug addict; two were epileptic; two were sex perverts; two were 
 moral defects ; one, pathological liar. 
 
 Twenty-six were diagnosed psychopathic constitution, eight of these were 
 complicated by alcoholism. 
 
 Five of the high grade morons, were also drug addicts: a scattering few were 
 also alcoholics. 
 
 Four high grade morons were both drug and alcohol addicts. 
 
 Two high grade morons were also epileptics. 
 
 One had juvenile paresis. 
 
 One was hysteroid. 
 
 One had bad case of myocarditis. • 
 
 One was preparalytic dementia. 
 
 In a group of eighty cases tabulated, eleven were coloreil. 
 
 — 95 —
 
 TaLiulaliuii of arrcsis on eighty consecutive cases of higli grade morons (mental 
 age 10.1 to 12), including psychopathy. It should be constantly borne in mind that 
 \vc have no direct means of compiling number of arrests of Morals Court cases; 
 but we know, from experience, that they are practically all repeated offenders, and 
 practically none are first ofTcnders. They show a much higher percentage of recidi- 
 vism because they have to ply their calling more or less openly, as compared with 
 the burglar, hold-up man, etc. Their returns are smaller, and they receive shorter 
 sentences. 
 
 Tabulation of Cases. 
 
 Case, age 20, psyciiopathic; in Morals Court three times for receiving stolen 
 property; broke probation twice; was also in a juvenile home. 
 
 Case, age 19, psychopathic; fornication; living with a man two years; had 
 previous arrest for soliciting. 
 
 Case, age 21, dementia prxcox ; fornication ; had previous arrest, had been at 
 Park Ridge School six years. Her mother is in state insane asylum. 
 
 Case, age 27, dementia prscox ; adultery and fornication. 
 
 Case, age 18, dementia prrecox ; adultery and fornication in Morals Court; in 
 another court, running away from home; in Juvenile Court, was picked up on street. 
 
 Case, age 21, dementia praccox, alcoholic. Had three arrests in Morals Court, 
 shop lifting; two disorderly conduct. Her husband shot a man. 
 
 Case, age 27, dementia pra;cox ; in Morals Court for soliciting ; one arrest for 
 larceny. 
 
 Case, age 24, psychopathic; in Morals Court for soliciting; now three months 
 pregnant with illegitimate child. 
 
 Case, age 18, psj'chopathic; Morals Court for soliciting; now pregnant with 
 illegitimate child. 
 
 Case, age 18, colored, mental level 10.6 years ; in Morals Court twice for solicit- 
 ing; once in other court. She is illegitimate child. 
 
 Case, age 16, mental level 11.2 years; in Morals Court accusing boys of rape. 
 She had one previous arrest ; claims four boys raped her. 
 
 Case, age 23, dementia praecox, alcoholic; two arrests in Morals Court, one 
 in raided house, one soliciting; she is an illegitimate child. 
 
 Case, age 33, psychopathic, alcoholic, hermaphrodite; three arrests in Morals 
 Court for alcoholism ; has taken drink cure unsuccessfully. 
 
 Case, age 22, high grade moron, mental level 11.4 years; fornication; lived w-ith 
 a man two years. 
 
 Case, age 21, psychopathic, w^hite; fornication and adultery, living with colored 
 man. 
 
 Case, age 19, psychopathic; mental level 11.4 years; fornication. Is an illegiti- 
 mate child, and is herself now pregnant with an illegitimate child. 
 
 Case, age 31, mental level 10.6 years; colored; fornication and living with a 
 man, and has illegitimate child to him. 
 
 Case, age 21, white; dementia praecox with moral defect; was in reform school 
 three years; was married to a colored man, deserted him, and now living with 
 another colored man. 
 
 Case, age 22, dementia praecox; pathological liar; adultery and fornication. 
 
 Case, age 19, dementia praecox, alcoholic; in :Morals Court, fornication, in 
 court in another state as complaining witness when she was raped; married man 
 who raped her, and was deserted by him later. 
 
 Case, age 19, dementia pr.xcox : living with a man. She was illegitimate; was 
 in home for girls. 
 
 Case, age 28, dementia prc'ccox, alcoholic, half colored ; lived in houses of 
 prostitution ten years; many arrests in ^Morals Court. 
 
 Case, age 23, dementia praecox ; arrested in hotel with a man ; shr is married ; 
 forced marriage_\vhen two months pregnant illegitimatelv. 
 
 Case, age 25, dementia praecox. alcoholic; four arrests in Morals Court, one for 
 sohcitmg, twice inmate disorderly house, once desertion. 
 
 — 96 —
 
 Case, age 21, psychopathic; two arrests in Morals Court for adultery and 
 fornication; once for larceny; House of Correction. 
 
 Case, age 21, psychopathic; has a two-room flat; three men living in intimacy 
 with her there. 
 
 Case, age 24, dementia prjccox ; two arrests in Morals Court, soliciting; one 
 in another court for shooting her husband ; he was a panderer. 
 
 Case, age 21, dementia praecox ; arrested for soliciting, used her home in the 
 basement. Her husband was a janitor. 
 
 Case, age 22, mental level 11.0 years; contributing to delinquency of a little 
 girl. She is living with a man. 
 
 Case, age 21, dementia pra^cox. alcoholic; bigamy. 
 
 Case, age 26, dementia pra;cox, alcoholic ; two arrests in Morals Court. Took 
 men to her home. 
 
 Case, age 23, dementia pmccox, colored ; soliciting white men in an alley. 
 
 Case, age 35, mental level 10.6 j'ears ; in Morals Court once ; has twice accused 
 men of pandering. 
 
 Case, age 16, dementia praxox ; three arrests in Morals Court, once previously. 
 Runs away from home and solicit^. 
 
 Case, age 24, mental level 10.2 years ; adultery. 
 
 The bulk of 'the remaining cases consisted of soliciting; inmates of disorderly 
 houses ; in hotels with men, etc. 
 
 Middle Grade Morons. 
 Mental Diagnosis. 
 
 No. of 
 Cases. 
 
 Average 
 Chronological Age. 
 
 Average 
 Basal Mental Age. 
 
 Average 
 Total Mental Age. 
 
 84 
 
 26.21 
 
 7.68 
 
 9.64 
 
 Psychopathy. 
 
 Twenty-eight were diagnosed dementia pr?ecox, fourteen of these were compli- 
 cated by alcoholism, one is epileptic as well as alcoholic. 
 
 Three were diagnosed psychopathic constitution, one complicated by alcoholism, 
 one is also alcoholic and drug addict. 
 
 One, middle grade moron, is epileptic, one is drug addict, one multiple sclerosis. 
 
 Tabulation of Cases. 
 
 Case,- age 23, dementia prsecox, mental level 9.6 years. Epileptic, alcoholic ; 
 three arrests in Morals Court; inmate of disorderly house. 
 
 Case, age 23, dementia prsecox, mental level 9.4 years ; living with a man. 
 
 Case, age 24, mental level 9.8 years ; two arrests in Morals Court, first for living 
 with a man, second drinking and soliciting. 
 
 Case, age 27, mental level 9.4 years ; has multiple sclerosis ; committed to 
 Lincoln; Morals Court three times; once she was stabbed in a fight 
 
 Case, age 37, mental level 9.6 years ; drug addict ; fornication. 
 
 Case, age 21, dementia prarcox, mental level 9.4 years ; two arrests in Morals 
 Court, one for disorderly conduct, one for fornication ; twice arrested in other 
 :ourts for soliciting. 
 
 Case, age 26, dementia prscox, mental level 9.6 years, alcoholic, white, married 
 CO colored man; six arre?ts in Morals Court, soliciting and drinking. 
 
 Case, age 33, psychopathic, mental level 8.6 j-ears ; alcoholic ; three arrests in 
 Morals Court and one previously. 
 
 The bulk of the rest of the cases are soliciting, disorderly conduct, inmates of 
 disorderly houses, and in hotels with men. 
 
 — 97 —
 
 Low Grade Morons. 
 Mental Diagnosis. 
 
 No. of 
 Cases. 
 
 31 
 
 Average 
 Chronological Age. 
 
 27.06 
 
 Average 
 Basal Mental Age. 
 
 6.35 
 
 Average 
 Total Mental Age. 
 
 8.4 
 
 Psychopathy. 
 
 Ten cases were diagnosed dementia praecox; six were complicated by alcoholism. 
 
 One case diagnosed as psychopathic constitution. 
 
 One case hysteroid. 
 
 One case has left-sided hemiplegia. 
 
 Tabulation of Cases. 
 
 Case, age 22, hysteroid, mental level 7.8 years, colored ; intimate with colored 
 boy, age 16. 
 
 Case, age 23, dementia precox, mental level 8.8 years ; had disorderly dive. 
 
 Case, age 42, dementia praecox, mental level, 8.6 years, white ; was living with a 
 colored man. 
 
 Case, age 22, mental level age 9 years ; once in Morals Court, inmate of dis- 
 orderly house ; once in outside court, contribtiting to delinquency of a little girl. 
 
 Case, age 23, mental level 8.4 years; two arrests, once inmate of disorderly 
 house, once shoplifting; was in House of Good Shepherd for a year. 
 
 Remaining cases arrested for soliciting. 
 
 An analysis of the intelligence level of six hundred and eighty-six female cases 
 gave the following results : 
 
 Mental Levels. 
 
 Number 
 of Cases. 
 
 Average Intelligence 70 
 
 High Grade Borderland Sociopaths 38 
 
 High and Middle Grade Sociopaths 44 
 
 Low Grade Sociopaths 46 
 
 High Grade Morons 368 
 
 Middle Grade Morons 87 
 
 Low Grade Morons 32 
 
 Imbecile 1 
 
 Total 686 
 
 Analysis of Psychopathy of Females — 464 Cases 
 
 Xumbcr 
 Diagnosis. of Cases. 
 
 Dementia prcecox 118 
 
 Dementia praecox plus alcoholism 118 
 
 Dementia praecox plus chronic alcoholism plus preparalytic 
 
 dementia 3 
 
 Dementia praecox plus alcoholism plus senile dementia 
 
 Dementia pr.xcox plus alcoholism plus exhibitionist 
 
 Dementia praecox plus alcoholism plus drug addiction 
 
 Dementia praecox plus alcoholism plus epilepsy 
 
 Dementia pra?cox plus preparalytic dementia. 
 
 Dementia pnccox plus tuberculosis 
 
 Dementia praecox plus epilepsy 
 
 Dementia pra;cox plus pathological liar 
 
 Dementia pnccox plus drug addiction 2 
 
 Dementia pr.Tcox plus sex pervert 2 
 
 Percentage. 
 
 10.20 
 
 5.54 
 
 6.41 
 
 6.70 
 53.64 
 12.68 
 
 4.66 
 .14 
 
 100.00 
 
 Percentage. 
 
 25.48 
 25.48 
 
 0.65 
 0.22 
 0.22 
 0.65 
 0.22 
 0.22 
 0.22 
 0.65 
 0.43 
 0.43 
 0.43 
 
 — 98 —
 
 iJfincntia pr:ccox plus moral dcfccl 3 
 
 Dementia prfecox plus hermaphrodite plus chronic alcohol- 
 ism, exhibitionist 1 
 
 Psychopathic constitution 42 
 
 Psychopathic constitution plus chronic alcoholism 23 
 
 Psychopathic constitution plus alcoholism plus drug addic- 
 tion •■ 
 
 Psjrhopathic constitution plus acute alcoholism 
 
 Psychopathic constitution plus alcoholism plus epilepsy 
 
 Psychopathic constitution plus drug addiction 
 
 Psychopathic constitution plus epilepsy 
 
 Psychopathic constitution plus locomotor ataxia 
 
 Psychopathic constitution plus preparalytic dementia plus 
 
 chronic alcoholism, on verge of delirium tremens 
 
 Psychopathic constitution plus dementia paralytica 
 
 Psychopathic constitution plus preparalytic dementia 8 
 
 Psychopathic constitution plus preparalytic dementia plus 
 
 alcoholism 2 
 
 Psychopathic constitution plus preparalytic dementia plus 
 
 epilepsy 1 
 
 Chronic alcoholism 17 
 
 Chronic alcoholism plus epilepsy 2 
 
 Chronic alcoholism plus acute exacerbation 1 
 
 Chronic alcoholism plus polyneuritis 1 
 
 Chronic alcoholism plus drug addiction 6 
 
 Chronic alcoholism plus locomotor ataxia 1 
 
 Epilepsy 4 
 
 Drug addiction 7 
 
 Drug addiction plus lues 1 
 
 Manic-depressive insanity plus sex complications 1 
 
 Manic-depressive insanity plus 'alcoholism 1 
 
 Manic-depressive insanity, depressive state 1 
 
 Hysteria 1 
 
 Hysteroid 2 
 
 Juvenile paresis 1 
 
 Physical examinations 55 
 
 Physical examinations, venereal disease 2 
 
 Physical examination, myocarditis 1 
 
 Physical examination, multiple sclerosis 1 
 
 Physical examination, left side hemiplegia 1 
 
 Physical examination, congenital syphilis 1 
 
 Physical examinations, lues 4 
 
 0.65 
 
 0.22 
 9.07 
 5.40 
 
 0.65 
 0.22 
 0.22 
 1.08 
 0.22 
 0.22 
 
 0.22 
 0.22 
 1.73 
 
 0.43 
 
 0.22 
 3.67 
 0.43 
 0.22 
 0.22 
 1.29 
 0.22 
 
 . 0.86 
 1.51 
 0.22 
 0.22 
 0.22 
 0.22 
 0.22 
 0.43 
 0.22 
 
 11.88 
 0.43 
 0.22 
 0.22 
 0.22 
 0.22 
 0.86 
 
 Total 464 
 
 An analysis of 341 cases of females with combined intelligence and psychopathic 
 
 diagnosis, of the psychopathic constitution, dementia prsccox groups, and dementia 
 
 preparalytica : i 
 
 With With rre- 
 
 Dementia Psychopathic paralytic 
 Prsecox. Constitutinn. Dementia. 
 
 Average Intelligence 26 12 2 
 
 High Grade Borderland Sociopaths 11 6 1 
 
 High and Middle Grade Sociopaths 12 7 
 
 Low Grade Sociopaths 22 13 1 
 
 High Grade Morons 147 13 4 
 
 Middle Grade Morons 28 5 
 
 Low Grade Morons 10 1 
 
 Totals 256 11 8 
 
 — 99 —
 
 Females — School Records. 
 
 80.287o + II- & M. G. S. = 85.08% 
 A 
 
 72.B07o 
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 No. cases 
 
 60 
 
 29 
 
 29 
 
 47 
 
 15 
 
 323 
 
 73 
 
 27 
 
 
 
 Average chronological age 
 
 Average basal mental age 
 
 Average total mental age 
 
 Average age entered school... 
 
 Average age left school 
 
 Average grade 
 
 25.22 
 9.68 
 
 12.37 
 6.22 
 
 15.17 
 8.7 
 
 24.14 
 9.86 
 
 12.3 
 6.17 
 
 14.7 
 7.45 
 
 25.03 
 9.65 
 
 12.08 
 6.76 
 
 14.55 
 7.14 
 
 25.3 
 8.87 
 
 11.77 
 6.04 
 
 13.9 
 6.74 
 
 26.26 
 8.6 
 11.6 
 
 6.53 
 
 13.66 
 
 5.53 
 
 24.93 
 8.48 
 
 10.87 
 6.68 
 
 14.54 
 6.55 
 
 26.11 
 7.71 
 9.66 
 7.17 
 
 14.03 
 4.76 
 
 27.2 
 6.5 
 8.5 
 6.5' 
 
 13.3* 
 3 5' 
 
 
 
 'Two not included in school data who never attended school. 
 'One age 40, basal 6, total mental level 8.2 years, hemiplegia. 
 'One age 42, basal 7, total 8.6 years. Has dementia prsecox. 
 
 MALES 
 
 Average Intelligence. 
 
 Mental Diagnosis. 
 
 No. of 
 Cases. 
 
 Average 
 Chronological Age. 
 
 29.5 
 
 Average 
 Basal Mental Age. 
 
 10.75 
 
 Psychopathy. 
 
 Average 
 Total Mental Age. 
 
 12.75 
 
 Two of the group were diagnosed dementia prsecox, one was complicated with 
 alcoholism, the other was a sex pervert. 
 
 Two were diagnosed as psychopathic constitution, one complicated by epilepsy, 
 alcoholism and effeminacy. 
 
 One of these cases, age 29, arrested for committing rape, was a case of dementia 
 praccox and sex pervert. 
 
 One psychopathic white man, age 32, arrested for living with negress. 
 
 One case, age 25, white, dementia prsecox, alcoholic; insulted a negress. 
 
 One case, age 32, white, psychopathic, epileptic and alcoholic, effeminate, mar- 
 ried; arrested three different times in hotels with other women. He has been 
 domg this for years. 
 
 High Grade Borderland Sociopaths 
 
 Mental Diagnosis. 
 Two cases: 
 
 One, age 25, colored, dementia prrecox ; arrested for sodomy. 
 One, age 20, white, dementia prsecox ; indecent exposure. 
 
 — 100 —
 
 High Grade Sociopaths. 
 
 Mental Diagnosis. 
 
 No. of 
 
 Average 
 
 Average 
 
 Average 
 
 Cases. 
 
 Chronological Age. 
 
 Basal Mental Age. 
 
 Total Mental Age. 
 
 7 
 
 25.28 
 
 8.71 
 
 12.08 
 
 Four had double basals and two had triple basal ages. 
 
 Psychopathy. 
 
 Three were diagnosed as dementia prsecox. 
 
 Four were diagnosed psychopathic constitution, one complicated with pre- 
 paralytic dementia and alcoholism. 
 
 Tabulation of Cases. 
 
 Case, age 22, psychopathic; arrested for adultery. 
 
 Case, age 23, dementia praeco.x ; accused woman of soliciting him. 
 
 Case, age 30, psychopathic; charged woman with whom he had been staying 
 with robbing him. 
 
 Case, age 35, psychopathic, preparalytic dementia and alcoholism ; arrested for 
 drunkenness and indecent exposure. 
 
 Case, age 22, dementia prascox ; was arrested for living with a woman age 52, 
 who had done washing and house cleaning for his mother. 
 
 Two other cases arrested in hotel raids. 
 
 Low Grade Sociopaths. 
 Mental Diagnosis. 
 
 No. of 
 
 Average 
 
 Average 
 
 Average 
 
 Cases. 
 
 Chronological Age. 
 
 Basal Mental Age. 
 
 Total Mental Age, 
 
 13 
 
 23.38 
 
 9.23 
 
 11.3 
 
 Psychopathy. 
 
 Five were diagnosed dementia prsecox. 
 
 Eight diagnosed psychopathic constitution, one complicated by alcoholism, one 
 drug addict, one has lues. 
 
 Tabulation of Arrests. 
 
 Average arrests in Morals Court 1.08 
 
 Previous arrests 0.38 
 
 In previous arrests, 5 individuals had 10 arrests, or 2.0 arrests per case. 
 
 Tabulation of Cases. 
 
 Case, age 20, dementia pra^cox ; arrested for sodomy. 
 
 Case, age 28, psychopathic, alcoholic; fornication, once before for gambling. 
 
 Case, age 22, dementia pra?cox ; contributing to delinquency of a 17-year-old 
 girl. 
 
 Case, age 27, psychopathic, morphinist, blind ; was living in adultery with 
 woman who was a pfropfhehephrcnic, whom we later committed to feeble-minded 
 institution with her illegitimate child which she had to him; she was also a morphin- 
 ist ; she had deserted a good home and her three children to live in cellar in squalor 
 and filth with her blind paramour who peddled pencils for a living. 
 
 Case, age 30, psychopathic, luetic, white; arrested in hotel with colored girl. 
 
 Case, age 19, dementia pra^cox ; Morals Court for pandering, previous arrest in 
 Boys Court, stole auto. 
 
 Case, age 21, psychopathic; adultery. 
 
 — 101 —
 
 I'aso. aKC 17, dniU'iUia pni'cnx ; .■.rn-.slrd in Morals Court for adultery, two 
 privious arrests. 
 
 Case, age 23, psychopntliic; in hotel with woman. 
 
 Case', age 22, donunlia pra-cox ; house raid. 
 
 Case, age 21. psyciiopathic, alcoholic; Morals Court once, 3 previous arrests; 
 viz., 3 disorderly conduct, 1 violating parole, 1 stealing auto; served in House of 
 Correcti'111 iwirc, once for a year, once for riding on freight train. 
 
 High Grade Borderland Morons. 
 Menial Diagnosis. 
 
 Xo. of 
 
 Average 
 
 Average 
 
 Average 
 
 C.isea. 
 
 Chronological Age. 
 
 Basal Mental Age. 
 
 Total Mental Age. 
 
 4 
 
 32.25 
 
 8.75 
 
 11.45 
 
 Psychopathy. 
 
 Three were diagnosed as dementia precox, two complicated by alcoholism. 
 One diagnosed psychopathic constitution. 
 
 Tabulation of Cases. 
 
 Case, age 38, dementia pr£ecox, alcoholic; adultery. 
 
 Case, age 33, psychopathic; adultery and fornication. 
 
 Case, age 20, dementia prjecox ; in a house raid. 
 
 Case, age 38, dementia pra?cox, alcoholic, colored; disorderly conduct. 
 
 High Grade Morons. 
 
 Mental Diagnosis. 
 
 Xo. of 
 
 Average 
 
 Average 
 
 Average 
 
 Cases. 
 
 Chronological Age. 
 
 Basal Mental Age. 
 
 Total Mental Age, 
 
 17 
 
 26.05 
 
 8.75 
 
 11.03 . 
 
 Psychopathy. 
 
 Eleven were diagnosed dementia prsecox, four complicated by alcoholism, one 
 of the alcoholics was a Cherokee Indian, one was efifeminate. 
 
 Three were diagnosed psj'chopathic constitution, one complicated by alcohol. 
 
 One was preparalytic dementia. 
 
 One moron, mental level 10.4 \-ears, w-ith alcoholism. 
 
 Tabulation of Cases. 
 
 Case, age 42, psychopathic, alcoholic, preparalytic dementia; contributing 'o 
 delinquency of a child. 
 
 Case, age 30, colored, high grade moron, mental level 10.4 j-ears; fornication. 
 
 Case, age 17, dementia prsecox ; arrested in Morals Court, 2807. Has also been 
 in Boys Court, was in Juvenile Court six times ; has been in St. Charles, Parental 
 School twice, was in Lincoln State School for Feeble-Minded. He ran away six 
 times. 
 
 Case, age 21. dementia precox; fornication. 
 
 Case, age 25, psychopathic, alcoholic, colored ; crimes against nature on little 
 boy. 
 
 Case, age 44, dementia praecox, colored ; Morals Court, 978-982. Had four 
 previous arrests, once for non-support of wife and family, once for disorderly con- 
 duct, once for adultery, once for stealing. 
 
 Case, age 19. dementia pr?ecox ; in Morals Court for pandering, was once in 
 
 — 102 —
 
 Boys Court for stealing auto, once in Speeders Court speeding in stolen machine, 
 was in Juvenile Court for running away from home. 
 
 Case, age 30, dementia prcccox ; accused paramour of stealing his money. 
 
 Case, age 24, dementia prsecox, effeminate, colored; in Morals Court for crimes 
 against nature. 
 
 Case, age 25, dementia praecox ; fornication. 
 
 Case, age 17, dementia praccox ; incest with mother, once in outside court, 
 mother had him arrested for running away. 
 
 Case, age 30, dementia prsecox, alcoholism ; in Morals Court, 2025. 
 
 The bulk of the remaining arrests were for patronizing disorderly houses, in 
 hotels with women, etc. 
 
 Middle Grade Morons. 
 Mental Diagnosis. 
 
 No. of 
 
 Average 
 
 Average 
 
 Average 
 
 Cases. 
 
 Chronological Age. 
 
 Basal Mental Age. 
 
 Total Mental Age. 
 
 13 
 
 27.69 
 
 7.53 
 
 9.76 
 
 Psychopathy. 
 Six were diagnosed dementia precox, one complicated by alcoholism. 
 One was diagnosed psychopathic constitution, one was complicated by alco- 
 holism. 
 
 Tabulation of Cases. 
 
 Case, age 22, mental level 10.0 years ; twice in iMorals Court, two previous 
 arrests, stole a phonograph once, once for fornication, twice driving without a 
 license. 
 
 Case, age 24, dementia pr;ecox, mental level 10.0 years; in Morals Court for 
 pandering. 
 
 Case, age 20, mental level 10.0 years; in Morals Court for attacking little 
 
 girl- 
 Case, age 43, mental level 9.8 years, colored ; was with white woman in a raid. 
 Most of remaining cases arrested in raids on disorderly houses. 
 
 Low Grade Morons. 
 
 Mental Diagnosis. 
 
 No. of 
 Cases. 
 
 Chronological Age. 
 
 Basal Mental Age. 
 
 Total Mental Age. 
 
 1 
 
 22 
 
 7 
 
 9 
 
 He is psychopathic. 
 
 — 103
 
 Analysis of Psychopathy of 152 Cases — Males. 
 
 Number 
 I'liignosls. o' Cases. Percentage. 
 
 "^7 21 O"? 
 
 Dciiu-ntia prrccox •^- ^^-^-^ 
 
 ncmciitia pr.xcox plus clironic alcoholism 10 6.58 
 
 Dfinciitia prsccox plus moral defect plus alcoholism 1 0.66 
 
 Dementia prxcox plus moral defect plus hereditary lues 1 0.66 
 
 Dementia prcxcox plus sex pervert 3 1.97 
 
 Dementia pra^cox plus effeminate 1 0.66 
 
 Psychopathic constitution 19 11.84 
 
 Psychopathic constitution plus chronic alcoholism 39 25.68 
 
 Psychopathic constitution plus chronic alcoholism plus hypo- 
 mania 1 0.66 
 
 I'.sychopathic constitution plus chronic alcoholism plus ar- 
 teriosclerosis 3 1.97 
 
 P.sychopathic constitution plus chronic alcoholism plus epi- 
 lepsy plus effeminate 1 0.66 
 
 Psychopathic constitution plus chronic alcoholism plus pre- 
 paralytic dementia 2 1.32 
 
 Psychopathic constitution plus chronic alcoholism plus drug 
 
 addiction 2 1.32 
 
 Psychopathic constitution plus chronic alcoholism plus acute 
 
 exacerbation 1 0.66 
 
 Psycliopathic constitution plus chronic alcoholism plus lues. 3 1.97 
 
 Psychopathic constitution plus drug addiction 4 2.63 
 
 Psychopathic constitution plus effeminate plus homosexual.. 2 1.32 
 
 Psychopathic constitution plus homosexual plus chronic al- 
 coholism. Many secondary sexual characteristics of 
 
 opposite sex 1 0.66 
 
 Psychopathic constitution plus lues 1 0.66 
 
 Psychopathic constitution plus gonorrhea plus chancre 1 0.66 
 
 Psychopathic constitution plus preparalytic dementia 1 0.66 
 
 Hysteria 1 0.66 
 
 Epilepsy plus alcoholism 1 0.66 
 
 Senile dementia 1 0.66 
 
 Senile dementia plus alcoholism 1 0.66 
 
 Physical, venereal disease 19 12.50 
 
 An analysis of the intelligence level of ninety-three male cases gave the follow- 
 ing results : 
 
 Number 
 
 Mental Levels. of Cases. Percentage. 
 
 .Vv^rage Intelligence 16 17.20 
 
 High Grade Borderland Sociopaths 7 7.53 
 
 High and Middle Grade Sociopaths 12 12.90 
 
 Low Grade Sociopaths 20 21.50 
 
 High Grade Morons 24 25.81 
 
 Middle Grade Moron? 13 13.98 
 
 Low Grade Morons 1 1.07 
 
 104 —
 
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 — in£
 
 Almost every means of an objective nature that could be speculated upon has 
 been used for the suppression of vice; in later years such things, for instance, as 
 imprisonment, fines, reformation, probation, parole, religion, big-sister movement, 
 and all to no avail, no impression being made at all by any or all of these methods. 
 Any well-regulated business would have long ago discarded such fruitless methods 
 and struck out in new fields or in new ways after so much experimentation had 
 been found wanting. Practically all thinking people who are interested in such 
 public questions are growing impatient if not disgusted by the persistence any 
 further along these lines. 
 
 The people attacking this problein should now realize, after their other un- 
 scientific methods have failed so ignominiously, that there is only one way to get 
 at the root of any of these problems, and therefore the cure, which is going at it 
 through scientific means and methods. The work of the Psychopathic Laboratory 
 discloses the fact that a very high percentage of these girls are so mentally defective 
 or psychopathic that there is no legitimate way open to them for making a living. 
 This is an illustration of what scientific means can do for the elucidation of such 
 problems. The final solution will require a thorough study of sex physiology, sex 
 psychology, the relation of the psychoses, neuroses and alcoholic debauches, etc., to 
 sex starvation, feeble-mindedness, dementia praecox, manic-depressive insanity 
 especially ; also the sex instinct, which is the most primal instinct of all. We will 
 have to have the assistance of the physician, the neurologist, the psychiatrist, the 
 sociologist, the statesman, etc., to help us. 
 
 We have noticed that as soon as any town within the radius of a couple of 
 hundred miles or so of Chicago closes up its red light district the girls begin to 
 turn up in Chicago within a few days, showing that in closing up these districts we 
 only spread these girls out either over other parts of the same city or in other 
 cities. Upon hearing this a man said, "Let us close these districts all down at 
 once all over the country." First, this would be impracticable; second, these girls 
 would go round clandestinely; and third, a large number of them would be driven 
 into other crimes, such as thieving, confidence games, shop-lifting, etc., for the large 
 majority of them are feeble-minded, and psychopathic to such a degree that they 
 cannot make a living. Our problem will not be confined to the lower classes alone, 
 for the sex instinct and the sex instinct on a psychotic basis manifests itself in all 
 classes and in all walks of life. 
 
 There should be a central national committee, or, better, an international com- 
 mittee formed to give this problem proper study. Such a committee should be 
 made up only of men of high scientific attainment. Experts will be needed also 
 from the fields of biology, physiology, sociology, anthropology, normal and abnormal 
 psychology, and the branches of medicine related to the subject, such as gynecol- 
 ogists, obstetricians, genito-urinary experts, etc. 
 
 Local committees are subjected to too many untoward influences, such as local 
 politics and other local insurmountable incongruities, and there are few communi- 
 ties which have all the trained men to attack the problem. A national committee 
 should be formed, sufficiently financed, preferably by the government, but there is 
 no doubt that some of our wealthy men would finance the committee if they were 
 really convinced tliat an unprejudiced, unbiased, scientific solution of the problem 
 was to be undertaken. The members of such a committee should receive com- 
 mensurate compensation, for expert opinion and research in matters such as this 
 cannot be secured for nothing. 
 
 — 106 —
 
 COURT OF DOMESTIC RELATIONS 
 
 During this period there were 1270 cases thoroughly examined, 678 males 
 and 558 females, including 117 bastardy cases, in addition to quite a large 
 group where a thorough examination was not made, eitiier tlirough lack of 
 time, or because it was not desired, etc. 
 
 The cases on the whole might be regarded as somewhat selected but 
 nevertheless typify in a very high degree the average run of cases finding 
 their way into this court, as we learn from our daily experience in intimate 
 contact with them, both those we directly examine and those not submitted 
 to a formal examination. It. like the other specialized branches, is nothing 
 nuire nur less than a sociopathic clinic, a clinic of abnormal psychology. 
 
 The cases in which domestic privacies must find their way into the public 
 forum for relief, where but very little of the depth of the disturbance, infe- 
 licities, abuse, neglect, desertion, beatings and insults, etc., one story being 
 at the bottom pretty much the same as another, come to the surface, usually 
 represent years of patient suffering before the victims are driven to air their 
 domestic affairs in public and seek relief in court. The majority of these 
 cases have already been worked on by several hands unsuccessfully, as, for 
 instance, social workers, the social service department of the court, etc., 
 strengthening their pleas by appealing in the name of the neglected and abused 
 wife and children, before the case eventually reaches the judge. Medicine as 
 j-et is practically helpless with mental defectiveness and psychopathy with its 
 concomitant alcoholism, etc, so also the social workers soon discover their 
 limitations, their optimism being in inverse ratio to the extent of their training 
 and experience. Such a well-organized bureau as the Adult Probation Society 
 has gone on record as to the high degree of failure it meets with here, and 
 such cases, flaunting aside both experience and science, are then set down 
 l)efore the judge and he is expected to work the transformatinn with such 
 therapeutic resources as the cell and the rockpile. „ 
 
 The terminal stages of the cases are much as follows: separation, divorce 
 court, charitable institutions and homes, alms house, prison, insane asylum, 
 pauper's grave. Out of sheer desperation, in the face of their necessity and 
 helplessnesb, the victims of our cases in manj- instances resign themselves 
 to their fates and in this way eke out a miserable existence, appealing to the 
 court from lime to linu- when affairs get bcj'ond all endurance. Practically 
 all of those cases arc recruited from that two per cent defective group of the 
 poi)ulation. and while this grouj) is numerically insignificant, potentially it is 
 tremendous, and from the extent of havoc they produce, is regarded as much 
 more numerous than it really is ; though the ramifications of this same two 
 per cent of the population, with its concomitant civic burden and damage, are 
 much greater than is generally appreciated. We see their stamp in the numerous 
 accidents on land and sea, in industr)^ the army and navy, in the courts, both 
 criminal and civil, the basis of traumatic, industrial, war and prison psychoses 
 and neuroses. We see it as the basis for alcoholism, drug addiction, etc. We 
 also think it plays a role as a contributing factor in the production of the 
 l)arasyphilitic psychoses and neuroses in those contracting lues. Wc think 
 the coincidence here that about two per cent of those contracting lues develop 
 
 — 107 —
 
 panisypliilitic iktvi.hs affections, like the fact tliat about two per cent of the 
 population are defective, and tliat about two per cent are criminals, to be more 
 ihan a coincidence. 
 
 We arc quite convinced from a careful study of the hundreds of chronic 
 alcoholics that vvc have had the opportunity to test and study from infancy 
 up, as well as their heredity and ofTspring, that psychopathy, such as feeble- 
 mindedness, dementia priccox, psychopathic constitution, etc., is at the base, 
 and that such alcoholism is but an expression of the underlying psychopathy. 
 The dearth of results obtained in the cure of alcoholism is but a further con- 
 lirmation of our findings, as we cannot cure psychopathy, which is hereditary 
 and constitutional. These individuals represent the so-called "horrible examples 
 of alcoholism." At one time it was though that alcoholism was a contributing 
 cause, with lues, of dementia paralytica. We come now more and more to the 
 conclusion that psychopathy is the common basis of both, that both the alcoholism 
 and the dementia paralytica are but the outcome of the underlying psychopathy. 
 
 A very high percentage of our cases from the Domestic Relations Court 
 manifest very outspoken delusions of infidelity, not only accusing and suspect- 
 ing their wives of illicit relations with other men and even with their own 
 sons, but also in many instances accusing their daughters of promiscuous illicit 
 relations with men and usually calling both the wives and daughters the com- 
 monest of street names, etc. This was a symptom generally attributed to 
 excessive chronic alcoholic abuse and called "alcoholic delusions of infidelity," 
 and has been attributed to impotcncy on the part of the man, due to his 
 alcoholism. We do not think this theory entirely appropriate. We have found 
 most of our cases with delusions of infidelity to be chronic alcoholics, but not 
 all of them. Some of our most outspoken and dangerous cases of delusions 
 of infidelity were in cases using little or no alcohol, but all were unmistakable 
 cases of dementia prsecox paranoides. We have found the same delusions in 
 a certain percentage of our women from the Domestic Relations Court where 
 they were obsessed with the idea that their husbands were intimate with other 
 women and even with their own daughters, in many instances also sex delu- 
 sions about their sons and daughters, in the majority of instances in both sexes 
 of the most groundless and obvious falsity. Most, but not all, of our women 
 with such delusions were also alcoholic. We are not only not finding impotency 
 to account for the symptom, but on the contrary, as is a common symptom 
 of our pra.*cox cases, they are oversexed and most of these cases with sex 
 delusions are excessive in their sexual relations. We, of course, find incest not 
 uncommon in our prrecox families. Tlic alcoholism, therefore, may rather be 
 regarded as a concomitant symptom of the dementia praecox rather than a 
 basis. It was also previously thought that alcoholism was a contributing factor 
 in paresis. We may now regard it as well as paresis as concomitant symptoms 
 of an underlying fundamental psychopathy. We find that paresis is con- 
 ditioned by a luetic infection on a psychopathic constitution just as the al- 
 coholism is, and where we find alcoholism as a concomitant symptom, we find 
 in such cases that it as often as not was antecedent to the luetic infection. 
 We have discussed this theory somewhat more fully in a paper entitled "Psy- 
 chiatry and Sociology," read before the sixth annual meeting of the Alienists 
 and Neurologists in joint session with the Chicago Medical Society, July 11. 
 1Q17. and published in The Journal of Sociologic Medicine, October, 1917. 
 
 — 108 —
 
 Arrests 
 
 It must be borne in mind here also, as well as in the Morals, Roys and 
 other courts, that the percentage of arrests we give is considerably below 
 actualities. We not only approximate the previous arrests in this c<airt up 
 to the time of examination, but have included no arrests made after the ex- 
 amination. On account of the shortness of the period covered by this report 
 we miss records of repetition on those who have been serving sentences, when 
 the laboratorj' opened as well as since. Furthermore, most of the cases in 
 the Domestic Relations Court have been brought in on letter and given one 
 or more chances and opportunities to rectify their conduct before they are 
 finally formally placed under arrest and brought before the judge. The 
 problems of this court are further magnified by the fact that so often like finds 
 like, prsecox marries praecox, and feeble-minded marries feeble-minded, with 
 tlie ensuing complications resulting from such a condition. On the other hand 
 we observe it helps the situation materially if one of the partners approaches 
 normality. 
 
 Analysis of the Intelligence Findings on 226 Males 
 
 Number 
 
 of Cases. Percentage. 
 
 Average Intelligence 23 10.18 
 
 High Grade Borderland Sociopaths 17 7.52 
 
 High and Middle Grade Sociopaths 34 15.04 
 
 Low Grade Sociopaths 25 11.06 
 
 High Grade Morons 89 39.38 
 
 Middle Grade Morons 14 6.19 |-82.28% 
 
 Low Grade Morons 21 9.29 
 
 Imbeciles 2 0.88 
 
 Idiots 1 0.44 
 
 Analysis of the Intelligence Findings on 201 Females 
 
 Number 
 
 of Cases. Percentage. 
 
 Average Intelligence 9 4.47 
 
 High Grade Borderland Sociopaths 21 10.44 
 
 High and Middle Grade Sociopaths 8 3.98' 
 
 Low Grade Sociopaths 13 6.46 
 
 High Grade Morons 99 49.25 I 85.05% 
 
 Middle Grade Morons 28 13.93 | 
 
 Low Grade Morons 21 10.44 
 
 Imbeciles 2 0.99 
 
 MALES 
 
 Average Intelligence 
 
 Mental Diagnosis and Arrests. 
 
 Av'Ke arrests In 
 AvcraKo chron- Avorauo basal Averaso total Averado arrests otlier criminal ATorage arrests 
 No. cases. oloKlcal age. mental age. mental ase. In D. R. Ct. courts. In J. C. 
 
 19 37.06 9.47 12.28 1.8 0.44 0.13 
 
 Of this group of 19 cases, 3 admitted 7 arrests in other criminal branches, 
 or 2J32 arrests i)er case; in this same group 2 admitted 2 arrests in Juvenile 
 Court. 
 
 — 109 —
 
 Psychopathy. 
 
 'I'ni c;iM's in tliis Knuip ^^'^''■^" diagnosed dcinc-nlia pracox, 5 were c<jm- 
 plicated by alcoludism, 1 was complicated by drug addiction. 
 
 l-:iglU (if the group of 19 were diagnosed psychopathic constitntion, 1 was 
 complicated by alcoholism, 1 by preparalytic dementia and alcoholism, 1 by 
 l)resenile dementia and alcoiiolism. 
 
 One senile dementia with chronic alcoholism. 
 
 Tabulation of Cases. 
 
 The following tabulation gives an idea of the cause of arrest but does 
 
 IK. I ill any way bring to liglit the years of suffering, misery, etc., rf wife and 
 children that led up to it. 
 
 Case, age 38, dementia pnecox and alcoholic; in Domestic Relations Court 
 twice for non-support and two previ'ous arrests in other courts. 
 
 Case, age 36, dementia prjecox paranoides, with chronic alcoholism; three 
 arrests in Domestic Relations Court for non-support. 
 
 Case, age 18, dementia pr?ecox ; arrested charged with bastardy; one previous 
 arrest, one parole lJ/2 years. 
 
 Case, age 50. dementia precox ; wife was so in mortal fear of him, had him 
 arrested. He had had one previous arrest. 
 
 Case, age 28, dementia prsecox with alcoholism ; two arrests in Domestic Rela- 
 tions Court, one for desertion, one for non-support. 
 
 Case, age 28, dementia precox with alcoholism ; has had five arrests, once his 
 mother had him arrested, once his wife had him arrested, once arrested for fighting 
 and sentenced to House of Correction for two months, arrested again for fighting 
 and sent to House of Correction for six months, arrested once for embezzlement, 
 sent to House of Correction for thirty days. 
 
 Case, age 58, psychopathic, senile dementia, chronic alcoholism; has taken five 
 cures for alcoholism without result. Has had nine arrests in Domestic Relations 
 Court, committed to Psychopathic Hospital. 
 
 Case, age 24, dementia prscox with alcoholism ; wife liad him arrested for 
 cruelty. 
 
 Balance of cases for non-support. 
 
 High Grade Borderland Sociopaths 
 Mental Diagnosis and Arrests. 
 
 No. of Average Average Average 
 
 Cases. Chronological Age Basal Mental Age. Total Mental Age. 
 
 6 32.66 8.33 12.0 
 
 Psychopathy. 
 
 In this group 4 were diagnosed dementia prsecox, 2 of which were com- 
 plicated by alcoholism, 1 of these cases had been in State Insane Asylum twice. 
 
 One of the group of 6 was diagnosed psychopathic constitution, compli- 
 cated with alcoiiolism. 
 
 Tabulation of Cases. 
 
 Case, age 22, dementia prrecox ; arrested twice in Domestic Relations Court 
 and had one previous arrest for burglary, sent to House of Correction, his first 
 arrest in our court was for bastardy, his second for non-support. He was in a boys' 
 reform school for IS months. 
 
 The remainder were in fur non-support of wife and family. 
 
 — 110 —
 
 High and Middle Grade Sociopaths 
 Mental Diagnosis and Arrests. 
 
 No. Average cliron- Average basal Average total Average arrests Average arrests 
 
 cases. ological age. mental age. mental age. in D. B. Ct. In other courts. 
 
 13 33.62 8.77 11.71 4.22 0.66 
 
 In other branches of the court 4 cases admitted 6 arrests, averaging 1.50 to 
 the case. 
 
 Psychopathy. 
 
 Nine of this group were diagnosed dementia priecox, 6 of tliese were com- 
 I)licated by alcoholism, 1 was in a very exitable katatonic state. 
 
 Four of the group of 13 were diagnosed psychopathic constitution, 3 of 
 whom were complicated by alcoholism and 1 preparalytic dementia. 
 
 Tabulation of Cases. 
 
 Case, age 44, dementia praecox, was in an insane asylum in Europe twice, we 
 committed him here. He has had 27 arrests for non-support, arrested once in 
 Europe for vagrancy, has had in addition three previous arrests in other courts in 
 this country. 
 
 Case, age 40, very psychopathic plus preparalytic dementia; three arrests in 
 Domestic Relations Court and one previous, one arrest in Domestic Relations 
 Court was for incest with his thirteen-year-old daughter, other arrests for non- 
 support and drinking; we committed him to hospital for insane. 
 
 Case, age 29, dementia pra:cox katatonia ; arrested for desertion of wife and 
 fainily. 
 
 Case, age 42, dementia prtecox hebephrenia plus alcoholism ; once in Domestic 
 Relations Court for contributing to delinquency of his children, one previous arrest 
 for drinking. 
 
 Case, age 26, dementia praecox, chronic alcoholic; twice arrested in Domestic 
 Relations Court for non-support and drinking. 
 
 Case, age 23, psychopathic, alcoholic ; charged with bastardy. 
 
 Low Grade Sociopaths 
 Mental Diagnosis and Arrests. 
 
 No. .Average chron- Average ba.sal .\verage total .\verago arrests Average arrests 
 
 cases. ological age. mental age. mental age. in D. R. Ct. in otln-r courts. 
 
 14 33.64 8.36 11.36 1.86 2.28 
 
 In this group of 14 r.'ise^ ft admitted 32 previou-- anc'^ts, an average of 
 5.33 arrests to the case. 
 
 Psychopalhy. 
 
 Nine cases of this group were diagnosed dementia pr;ecox, 5 of these were 
 complicated by alcoholism, 1 was complicated by moral defect, 1 by prepara- 
 lytic dementia, 1 presenile dementia plus alcoholism. 
 
 Five of the group of 14 cases were diagnosed psycho])athic constitution, 
 2 of these were complicated by alcoholism, 1 attempted simulation. 
 
 Tabulation of. Cases. 
 
 Case, age 21, dementia praecox ; in Domestic Relations Court for non-support, 
 four arrests in other courts for fighting, his mother being the complainant, was in 
 Juvenile Court, in Parental School six months. 
 
 Case, age 33, psychopathic, alcoholic; forced marriage; three arrests in Do- 
 inestic Relations Court, non-support and abuse. 
 
 — Ill —
 
 Case, aRC 2Z, (Irnuntia pracox plus moral defect; in Domestic Relations Court 
 for non-support. 17 arrests in other courts for speeding, etc. 
 
 Case, ajs'c 36. dementia pracox katatonia plus alcoholism ; four arrests in 
 Domestic Relations Court for non-support. 
 
 Case, age 48. dementia praccox plus alcoholism ; once in Domestic Relations 
 Court for incest, had deserted second wife and was living with his daughter by his 
 first wife in intimate relationship. She was also a case of dementia pra:co.x. He 
 was held to Criminal Court, found guilty and sent to penitentiary. 
 
 Case, age IS, psychoi)athic, simulator ; charged with bastardy. 
 
 Case, age 53, dementia pr;ccox, presenile dementia plus alcoholism; once in 
 Domestic Relations Court for non-support, four previous arrests for drunkenness. 
 
 Case, age 45, dementia pra?cox, preparalytic dementia; non-support and use of 
 vile, foul language to wife and children. 
 
 Case, age 32, dementia pra;cox plus alcoholism ; four arrests in Domestic Re- 
 lations Court, three previous, all for non-support and drunkenness, has served three 
 terms in tiie House of Correction. ' 
 
 Case, age 32, psychopathic plus alcoholism; in Domestic Relations Court three 
 times for non-support, served two terms in House of Correction. 
 
 High Grade Borderland Morons 
 
 Mental Diagnosis and Arrests. 
 
 Pi 
 
 <u . 
 
 
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 Psychopathy. 
 
 I. 
 
 24 
 
 10 
 
 11.6 
 
 1.0 
 
 
 Dementia prsecox plus alcoholism plus 
 hereditary lues plus chronic gonorrhea; 
 arrested for non-support. 
 
 II. 
 
 24 
 
 9 
 
 11.6 
 
 1.0 
 
 2.0 
 
 Dementia praecox plus alcoholism; all ar- 
 rests for non-support. 
 
 III. 
 
 52 
 
 9 
 
 12.0 
 
 4.0 
 
 1.0 
 
 Dementia praecox plus alcoholism; ar- 
 rested for non-support, spent five years 
 in Joliet for manslaughter. 
 
 High Grade Morons 
 
 (Mental Age 10.1-12.0) 
 Mental Diagnosis and Arrests. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Av'ge arrests In 
 
 No. 
 
 Avorairo cliron- 
 
 AveraKe basal 
 
 AveraKe total 
 
 Average arrests 
 
 other criminal 
 
 cases. 
 
 oloRlcal aKe. 
 
 mental age. 
 
 mental age. 
 
 in D. R. Ct. 
 
 branches. 
 
 52 
 
 32.02 
 
 8.52 
 
 10.91 
 
 2.92 
 
 0.97* 
 
 Psychopathy. 
 
 Thirty-live cases of this group were diagnosed dementia precox, 26 of 
 these wore complicated with clironic alcoholism, one of which was an advanced 
 case of pulmonary tuberculosis. 
 
 Eight cases of the group of 52 were diagnosed psychopathic constitution, 
 four of these were complicated with chronic alcoholism, one of the latter was 
 also complicated by preparalytic dementia. 
 
 Three psychopaths had epilepsy as complication, one complicated by tabo- 
 paresis. 
 
 •Computed on 37 cases; 11 of these admitted 36 arrests in other criminal branches. 
 or an average of 2.57 arrests to the case; 2 cases admitted 4 arrests in Juvenile Court, 
 1 was arrested 3 times, the other case once. 
 
 — 112 —
 
 Tabulation of Cases. 
 
 Case, age 37, dementia praecox plus alcoholism and pulmonary tuberculosis; 
 has taken famous institutional cure for alcoholism at age 18 without result, in 
 Domestic Relations Court twice, once for threatening to kill his wife, second for 
 attempting to rape his twelve-year-old daughter. 
 
 Case, age 50, dementia praecox plus chronic alcoholism; one arrest in Domestic 
 Relations Court and ten in other criminal branches. In Domestic Relations Court 
 because his house was so filthy dirty that the Board of Health instigated his being 
 brought into court, otiier arrests were for disorderly conduct and drunkenness. 
 
 Case, age 37, psychopathic, chronic alcoholism, preparalytic dementia ; in Do- 
 mestic Relations Court for non-support, was a forced marriage. 
 
 Case, age 24, dementia praecox paranoides ; once in Domestic Relations Court 
 for non-support, four arrests in other criminal branches, forced marriage, has no 
 end of unpaid bills. 
 
 Case, age 30, psychopathic, tabo-paresis ; four arrests in Domestic Relations 
 Court for drunkenness and abusiveness. 
 
 Case, age 28, dementia praecox hebephrenia plus chronic alcoholism ; four 
 arrests in Domestic Relations Court, has been in House of Correction Hospital with 
 delirium tremens, was also in Psychopathic Hospital. 
 
 Case, age 39, dementia praecox plus chronic alcoholism ; in Domestic Relations 
 Court twice for non-support, his wife was also a case of dementia praecox and 
 was so bad that we had to commit her to Psychopathic Hospital. 
 
 Case, age 30, dementia praecox plus chronic alcoholism; twice in Domestic 
 Relations Court for drunkenness, five times in other criminal branches for deser- 
 tion and non-support; was three times in Juvenile Court; was in Pontiac Reforma- 
 tory twice, 27 months for robbery, 39 months for violating his parole, was in House 
 of Correction three times, once six months for carrying concealed weapons, once 
 53 days for larceny, once again for concealed weapons ; he was in John Worthy 
 School three times, 92 days for robbery, 49 days for starting a fire, 11 days for 
 burglary; forced marriage; we committed him to Psychopathic Hospital. 
 
 Case, age 41, dementia praecox plus chronic alcoholism; once in Domestic 
 Relations Court for non-support, two arrests in other criminal branches for dis- 
 orderly conduct, served two terms in House of Correction. 
 
 Case, age 38, psychopathic plus chronic alcoholism ; on verge of delirium tre- 
 mens, has had four arrests in Domestic Relations Court for non-support and 
 drunkenness, has served two terms in House of Correction. 
 
 Case, age 33, dementia praecox ; in Domestic Relations Court for non-support, 
 forced marriage, we had to commit him to Psychopathic Hospital. 
 
 Case, age 24, psychopathic, chronic alcoholism; in Domestic Relations Court 
 for non-support, had delirium tremens once, attempted suicide once. 
 
 Case, age 38, dementia praecox, chronic alcoholism ; in Domestic Relations 
 Court once for non-support, once in other criminal branch for drunkenness. 
 
 Case, age 39, dementia praecox, chronic alcoholism ; has had five arrests in 
 Domestic Relations Court, three in other criminal branches for fighting and non- 
 support, has served a term in the House of Correction. 
 
 Case, age 34, psychopathic, epileptic, chronic alcoholic ; in Domestic Relations 
 Court four times for non-support ; arrested once, accused of murder, found not 
 guilty; we committed him to Psychopathic Hospital. 
 
 Case, age 36, dementia praecox, chronic alcoholism, pulmonary tuberculosis ; had 
 four arrests in Domestic Relations Court and three in other criminal branches, all 
 for non-support and abuse; served a term in House of Correction. 
 
 Case, age 35, dementia praecox paranoides, chronic alcoholism ; one arrest in 
 Domestic Relations Court and one in other criminal branch for abandonment, forced 
 marriage. 
 
 Case, age 31, dementia praecox, chronic alcoholism; two arrests in Domestic 
 Relations Court, both for abuse of wife and family. 
 
 — 113 —
 
 Case. UKf 29, (Icnu-ntia pr;rcox, chronic alcoholism; four arrests in Domestic 
 ktlations Court, his first arrest there for bastardy, forced marriage, other arrests 
 for non-support and drunkenness; he has served three terms in House of Correc- 
 tion, two for six months, one for a year. 
 
 Case. aRC 36, dementia pr.xcox ; in Domestic Relations Court for non-support; 
 had two previous arrests for desertion, one of these was in Europe. 
 
 Case, age 34. dementia priccox. chronic alcoholism ; two arrests in Domestic 
 Kclations Court for drunkenness. 
 
 Case, age 23. dementia pnecox, chronic alcoholism ; two arrests in Domestic 
 Relations Court for non-support and one in other criminal branch for beating wife 
 .md drunkenness; has served two terms in House of Correction, six months each, 
 forced marriage. 
 
 Case, age 57. psychopathic, chronic alcoholism; four arrests in Domestic Rela- 
 tions Court for non-support and disorderly conduct. 
 
 Case, age 33, dementia pra:cox, chronic alcoholism ; in Domestic Relations 
 Court thirteen times for non-support, fighting with wife and family and drunken- 
 ness; he lias had several House of Correction sentences, spent 18 months of past 
 two years there ; he has had delirium tremens five times, we committed him to 
 Psychopathic Hospital, 
 
 Case, age 25, dementia pra?cox, chronic alcoholism ; one arrest in Domestic 
 Relations Court, one in other criminal branch, both for not working. 
 
 Case, age 30, dementia pra^cox, chronic alcoholism ; he has had 28 arrests for 
 robbery and larceny and disorderly conduct, has served three terms in House of 
 Correction. 
 
 Case, age 45, psychopathic, epileptic, chronic alcoholism ; in Domestic Relations 
 Court for beating his wife. 
 
 Case, age 21, psychopathic, colored ; charged with bastardy. 
 F^.alancc on non-suppnrt charges. 
 
 Middle Grade Morons 
 
 (Mental Age 9.1-10.0) 
 Mental Diagnosis and Arrests. 
 
 No. of Average Chron- Average Basal Average Total Average Arrests 
 
 Cases. ological Age. Mental Age. Mental Age. in D. R. Ct 
 
 13 29.8 8.0 9.76 2.55 
 
 Two have had one arrest in other criminal branches, one lias been in 
 Juvenile Court once, one has been in twice. 
 
 Psychopathy. 
 
 Seven were diagnosed dementia pr.xcox, three of these were complicated 
 by chronic alcoholism and one by pulmonary tuberculosis. 
 
 Two of the group of 13 were diagnosed psychopathic constitution. Im.iIi 
 were chronic alcoholics and one had preparalytic dementia. 
 
 Tabulation of Cases. 
 
 Case, age 47, dementia praecox, chronic alcoholism ; four arrests in Domestic 
 Relations Court for non-support, served three terms in House of Correction. 
 
 Case, age 32. psychopathic, chronic alcoholism, preparalytic dementia- five 
 arrests in Domestic Relations Court, four terms in House of Correction', nine 
 months, six months, five months and four months respectively; while he was 
 confined in House ot Correction his wife had a child to another man ; we com- 
 mitted case to Psychopathic Hospital. 
 
 — 114 —
 
 Case, age 47, dementia prascox, chronic alcoholic; three arrests in Domestic 
 Relations Court, one in another criminal branch ; he has been arrested for non- 
 support, drunkenness, desertion and disorderly conduct. 
 
 Case, age 21, dementia prsecox ; two arrests in Domestic Relations Court for 
 non-support; had two previous arrests in Juvenile Court; when age 13 was com- 
 mitted to Parental School, spent twelve months there in all. 
 
 Case, age 40, dementia pra^cox ; two arrests in Domestic Relations Court for 
 non-support. 
 
 Case, age 22, psychopathic; one arrest in Domestic Relations Court for non- 
 support, one arrest in Juvenile Court, from where he was committed to Parental 
 School. 
 
 Case, age 28, psychopathic, chronic alcoholism ; in Domestic Relations Court 
 for non-support, one arrest in another criminal branch for fighting. 
 
 Balance of cases in for non-support, etc. 
 
 No. Cases. 
 I. 
 II. 
 III. 
 
 Xo. Cases. 
 I. 
 II. 
 
 Low Grade Morons 
 
 (Mental Age 7.1-9.0) 
 
 Mental Diagnosis. 
 
 Chronological Age. Basal Mental Age. 
 
 28.0 5.0 
 
 17.0 6.0 
 
 32.0 7.0 
 
 Imbeciles 
 
 (Mental .\ge 3.1-7.0) 
 
 Mental Diagnosis. 
 Chronological Age. Basal Mental Age. 
 17.0 * 3.0 
 
 25.0 5.0 
 
 Total Mental Age. 
 
 9.0 
 8.2 
 8.0 
 
 Total Mental Age. 
 5.0 
 6.6 
 
 School Records 
 
 
 o u . 
 
 ■ 
 
 'a 
 a 
 
 O 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 i 
 
 c 
 o 
 
 
 igen 
 orde 
 
 46% 
 
 
 o 
 
 High Grade Borderland 
 
 £ 
 
 o 
 
 o 
 
 
 5«S 
 
 "Oci 
 
 o 
 
 CO 
 
 Morons— 2.88%. 
 
 S 
 
 4) 
 
 
 •-I'D 50 
 
 ^^ 
 
 0) 
 
 
 
 
 « 
 ■d 
 
 ? 
 
 
 25 
 
 ^5 
 
 d 
 
 
 
 
 8 
 
 O 
 
 
 « too 
 
 High a 
 Soclopa 
 
 1^ 
 
 
 
 
 
 £ ■ 
 
 •Oia 
 
 
 <Sai 
 
 hJ^ 
 
 r 
 
 
 > 
 
 S^ 
 
 iis 
 
 No. of cases 
 
 24 
 
 13 
 
 14 
 
 I. 
 
 II. 
 
 III. 
 
 37 
 
 13 
 
 Average chronologi- 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 cal age 
 
 35.05 
 
 33.62 
 
 33.64 
 
 24.0 
 
 24.0 
 
 52.0 
 
 32.84 
 
 29.8 
 
 .\verage basal mental 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 age 
 
 9.33 
 
 8.77 
 
 8.36 
 
 10.0 
 
 9.0 
 
 9.0 
 
 8.44 
 
 8.0 
 
 Average total mental 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 age 
 
 12.21 
 
 11.71 
 
 11.36 
 
 11.6 
 
 11.6 
 
 12.0 
 
 10.93 
 
 9.76 
 
 Average age entered 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 school 
 
 6.75 
 
 6.4 
 
 6.64 
 
 6.0 
 
 5.0 
 
 7.0 
 
 6.83 
 
 7.33 
 
 Average age left 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 school 
 
 13.65 
 
 15.75 
 
 14.21 
 
 14.0 
 
 14.0 
 
 14.0 
 
 13.74 
 
 13.11 
 
 Average grade 
 
 7.9 
 
 7.44 
 
 6.21 
 
 6.0 
 
 7.0 
 
 6.0 
 
 5.35 
 
 3.75 
 
 — 115
 
 Psychopathic Analysis with Complications en a Group of 637 Males 
 
 Diagnosis. 
 
 umber 
 Cases. 
 
 66 
 
 129 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 1 
 1 
 2 
 1 
 1 
 
 ncmcnlia prrcco.x 
 
 Dementia i)r.TCox plus alcoholism 
 
 Dementia pnicox plus alcolioH-m pins presenile dementia... 
 Dementia pra-cox plus ciironic alcoholism plus hereditary 
 
 hies plus chronic gonorrhea 
 
 Dementia precox plus chronic alcoholism plus moral defect 
 Dcnuiiiia pr;ecox plus ciironic alcoholism plus sex pervert. . 
 
 Dementia pnecox plus chronic alcoholism plus lues 
 
 Dementia pr.eco.x plus chronic alcoholism plus effeminate.. 
 
 Dementia pra-cox plus chronic alcoholism plus epilepsy 
 
 Dementia i)racox plus chronic alcoholism plus preparalytic 
 
 dementia 2 
 
 Dementia pra;co.x plus chronic alcoholism plus arterio- 
 sclerosis 11 
 
 Dementia pra-cox plus drug addiction 1 
 
 Dementia pra-cox plus moral defect 6 
 
 Dementia pracox plus sex pervert 1 
 
 Dementia pra-cox plus lues 2 
 
 Dementia pra-cox plus preparalytic dementia 2 
 
 Dementia pra-cox plus paresis 1 
 
 Dementia pra-cox plus locomotor ataxia 1 
 
 Dementia pnxcox plus senile dementia 2 
 
 Dementia pra-cox plus presenile dementia plus arterio- 
 sclerosis plus tabes 1 
 
 Dementia prnecox plus pulmonary tuberculosis 1 
 
 Dementia pra?cox plus hypochondria 2 
 
 Psychopathic constitution 28 
 
 Psychopathic constitution plus chronic alcoholism 186 
 
 Psychopathic constitution plus chronic alcoholism plus pre- 
 paralytic dementia 7 
 
 Psychopathic constitution plus chronic alcoholism plus pre- 
 senile dementia 1 
 
 Psychopathic constitution plus chronic alcoholism plus acute 
 exacerbation 6 
 
 Psychopathic constitution plus chronic alcoholism plus drug 
 addiction 1 
 
 Psychopathic constitution plus chronic alcoholism plus lues. 5 
 Psychopathic constitution plus chronic alcoholism plus tuber- 
 culosis 3 
 
 Psychopathic constitution plus chronic alcoholism plus ar- 
 terio-sclerosis 14 
 
 Psychopathic constitution plus chronic alcoholism plus hypo- 
 mania, manic-depressive insanity 
 
 Psychopathic constitution plus chronic alcoholism plus pre- 
 paralytic dementia congenital 
 
 Psychopathic constitution plus chronic alcoholism plus de- 
 lirium tremens 
 
 Psychopathic constitution plus chronic alcoholism plus senile 
 dementia plus manic-depressive insanity 
 
 Psychopathic constitution plus chronic alcoholism plus de- 
 mentia paralytica 
 
 Psychopathic constitution plus chronic alcoholism plus loco- 
 motor ataxia 
 
 Percentage 
 
 10.36 
 
 20.25 
 
 0.16 
 
 0.16 
 0.16 
 0.16 
 0.31 
 0.16 
 0.16 
 
 0.31 
 
 1.72 
 0.16 
 0.94 
 0.16 
 0.31 
 0.31 
 0.16 
 0.16 
 0.31 
 
 0.16 
 0.16 
 0.31 
 
 4.39 
 29.20 
 
 1.10 
 
 0.16 
 
 0.94 
 
 0.16 
 0.78 
 
 0.47 
 
 2.19 
 
 0.16 
 
 0.16 
 
 0.16 
 
 0.16 
 
 0.16 
 
 0.16 
 
 116 —
 
 Psychopathic constitution plus chronic alcoholism plus trau- 
 matic neurosis 1 0.16 
 
 Psychopathic constitution plus chronic alcoholism plus ar- 
 
 terio-sclerosis plus lues 1 0.16 
 
 Psychopathic constitution plus chronic alcoholism plus ar- 
 
 terio-sclerosis plus cretinoid 1 0.16 
 
 Psychopathic constitution plus chronic alcoholism plus 
 
 manic-depressive insanity 2 0.31 
 
 Psychopathic constitution plus chronic alcoholism plus epi- 
 lepsy 7 1.10 
 
 Psychopathic constitution plus preparalytic dementia 8 1.25 
 
 Psychopathic constitution plus presenile dementia 2 0.31 
 
 Psychopathic constitution plus simulator 1 0.16 
 
 Psychopathic constitution plus epilepsy 6 0.94 
 
 Psychopathic constitution plus tabo-paresis 1 0.16 
 
 Psychopathic constitution plus drug addiction 1 0.16 
 
 Psychopathic constitution plus arterio-sclerosis 3 0.47 
 
 Psychopathic constitution plus tuberculosis 2 0.31 
 
 Feeble-minded 6 0.94 
 
 Feeble-minded plus dementia praecox 4 0.63 
 
 Feeble-minded plus dementia prsecox plus chronic alcoholism 3 0.47 
 
 Feeble-minded plus psychopathic plus chronic alcoholism.... 1 0.16 
 
 Feeble-minded plus chronic alcoholism 7 1.10 
 
 Idiots 2 0.31 
 
 Hysteria 5 0.78 
 
 Hysteria plus alcoholism 1 0.16 
 
 Tuberculosis 5 0.78 
 
 Tuberculosis plus alcoholism 3 0.47 
 
 Chronic endocarditis 1 0.16 
 
 Juvenile paresis 1 0.16 
 
 Epilepsy 3 0.47 
 
 Lues 10 1.57 
 
 Lues plus gonorrhea 1 0.16 
 
 Manic-depressive insanity, depressive state 1 0.16 
 
 Manic-depressive insanity, maniacal state, plus arterioscle- 
 rosis 1 0.16 
 
 Physical and medical 53 8.32 
 
 Total 637 
 
 — 117
 
 Summary on 27 Boys, Who Were Complaining Witnesses or Whose Parents 
 Were in the Domestic Relations Court 
 
 1. 
 
 5 
 
 3 
 
 4.2 
 
 
 2. 
 
 5 
 
 4 
 
 5.4 
 
 
 X 
 
 7 
 
 6 
 
 7.6 
 
 
 4. 
 
 7 
 
 7 
 
 7.4 
 
 7.0 
 
 5. 
 
 7 
 
 8 
 
 8.8 
 
 6.0 
 
 6. 
 
 8 
 
 7 
 
 8.4 
 
 
 7. 
 
 9 
 
 8 
 
 9.2 
 
 6.0 
 
 8. 
 
 9 
 
 5 
 
 7.0 
 
 6.0 
 
 9. 
 
 9 
 
 7 
 
 7.2 
 
 7.0 
 
 10. 
 
 9 
 
 7 
 
 9.8 
 
 6.0 
 
 11. 
 
 9 
 
 6 
 
 8.6 
 
 
 12. 
 
 10 
 
 8 
 
 9.4 
 
 
 13. 
 
 10 
 
 8 
 
 9.4 
 
 6.0 
 
 14. 
 
 10 
 
 8 
 
 11.6 
 
 5.0 
 
 15. 
 
 10 
 
 8 
 
 11.2 
 
 6.0 
 
 16. 
 
 12 
 
 8 
 
 11.0 
 
 7.0 
 
 17. 
 
 12 
 
 7 
 
 9.0 
 
 7.0 
 
 18. 
 
 12 
 
 8-10 
 
 11.0 
 
 7.0 
 
 19. 
 
 13 
 
 8 
 
 9.6 
 
 
 20. 
 
 13 
 
 9 
 
 10.8 
 
 6.0 
 
 21. 
 
 14 
 
 7 
 
 8.6 
 
 
 22. 
 
 14 
 
 10 
 
 12.2 
 
 6.0 
 
 2.1 
 
 14 
 
 8 
 
 9.0 
 
 7.0 
 
 24. 
 
 14 
 
 9 10.4 5.0 
 
 25. 17 
 
 26. 
 
 27. 
 
 13 
 6 
 
 11.2 6.0 
 
 3.8 
 5.0 
 
 y special 
 I class 
 
 Remarks. 
 
 Tongue-tied, feeble-minded. 
 
 Mother committed by us to Psychopathic 
 Hospital. 
 
 Father dementia prsecox, chronic alcoholic, 
 deserted wife and family; case is chronic 
 masturbator; brother, case 6, is a prae- 
 cox and epileptic. 
 
 Has speech defect, brother to case 13, 
 
 father in C. D. R. for non-support. 
 Father in C. D. R. 
 
 Brother of case 
 
 Father i.s high grade moron, prsecox, 
 chronic alcoholic; has 4 children all 
 defective; case was age 4 before he 
 could walk. 
 
 Dementia prsecox, qualitative signs of 
 feeble-mindedness. 
 
 Psychopathic, father in C. D. R. 
 
 Sociopath, brother to case 4. 
 
 Sociopath. 
 
 Low grade sociopath. 
 
 Dementia prsecox. 
 
 Dementia prsecox; we committed his 
 father from C. D. R. to Dunning State 
 Insane Asylum. 
 
 Dementia prsecox. 
 
 Dementia prsecox. 
 
 Psychopathic, sociopath. 
 
 jrongoloid, I'o yrs. in subnormal room; 
 father in C. D. R. for non-support. 
 
 Cretinoid, he has had 3 arrests, 1 for 
 robberj-, 2 for not working, has been 
 in Parental School 4 months; 2 other 
 brothers have been under ari'est; father 
 and mother test 10.4 and 10.2 respective- 
 ly: two brothers now held to Criminal 
 Court for tampering with mail boxes. 
 
 Brother of case 24, had 2 arrests in B. C, 
 1 for theft of $130, has 2 in Juv. Ct. 
 
 Psychopathic. 
 
 — 118
 
 No. of 
 Cases. 
 
 Average 
 Chronological Age 
 
 9 
 
 30.11 
 
 FEMALES 
 Average Intelligence 
 
 Mental Diagnosis. 
 
 No. of Aveiage Average Average 
 
 Cases. Chronological Age Basal Mental Age. Total Mental Age. 
 
 7 28.0 10.0 12.52 
 
 Psychopathy. 
 
 One case was diagnosed as dementia pracox. 
 
 Four were diagnosed as psychopathic constitution ; one complicated by pre- 
 paralytic dementia. 
 
 Tabulation of Cases. 
 
 Case, age 22, psychopathic ; complainant in bastardy case ; pregnant five months. 
 The balance were complaining witnesses against their husbands. 
 
 High Grade Borderland Sociopaths 
 
 Mental Diagnosis. 
 
 Average Average 
 
 Basal Mental Age. Total Mental Age. 
 
 9.66 12.06 
 
 Psychopathy. 
 
 Four cases in this group were diagnosed dementia pra'cux: one of these 
 complicated by alcoholism and lues; she has an illegitimate child. 
 
 Two of group of nine cases were diagnosed psychopathic constitution ; one 
 
 complicated by alcoholism. 
 
 Tabulation of Cases. 
 
 Case, age 57; had illegitimate child who is now age 15; both mother and 
 daughter had peculiar inherited defect of hand. 
 
 High and Middle Grade Sociopaths 
 Mental Diagnosis. 
 
 No. of Average Average Average 
 
 Cases. Chronological Age Basal Mental Age. Total Mental Age. 
 
 7 28.2 9.0 11.79 
 
 Psychopathy. 
 
 Three cases in the group were diagnosed dementia pr.-L-cox; one <>( which 
 was complicated with alcoholism. 
 
 Three of group of seven cases were diagnosed psychopathic constitution. 
 
 Tabulation of Cases. 
 
 Case, age 37, dementia pra^cox paranoides ; came to find her father lost twenty- 
 eight years ago; constantly annoying the court; harbored all kinds of delusions in 
 regard to him. 
 
 Case, age 40, dementia pra?cox plus alcoholism ; she had been in an industrial 
 reform school for two years; her husband was in Domestic Relations Court charged 
 with incest with their daughter, age thirteen. 
 
 — no —
 
 Low Grade Sociopaths 
 Mental Diagnosis. 
 No. of Average Average Average 
 
 CuHcs. Chronological Age Basal Mental Age. Total Mental Age. 
 
 12 29.25 9.0 11.73 
 
 Psychopathy. 
 Four of these cases were diagnosed dementia prsccox; two of which were 
 complicated by alcoliolism; one of the alcoholics had chronic gonorrhea. 
 
 Six iif (he gronp of twelve cases were diagnosed psychopathic constitution; 
 two of which were complicated by alcoholism. 
 
 Tabulation of Cases. 
 Case, age 28, dementia praecox, chronic alcoholic, chronic gonorrhea; was a 
 forced marriage; had her husband arrested for non-support. 
 
 Case, age 30, highly psychopathic; has been arrested for adultery; she has one 
 illegitimate child age two and one-half years; she was illegitimately pregnant in addi- 
 tion to this but had an abortion. 
 
 Case, age 37, psychopathic plus alcoholism ; has been married three times. 
 Case, age 23, psychopathic, chronic alcoholic; husband had her brought into 
 court ; she threatened suicide. 
 
 Case, age 35, dementia prsecox paranoides; had previously been in insane asy- 
 lum and committed by us; hers was a forced marriage. 
 
 Case, age 22, low grade sociopath ; deserted her two-weeks-old illegitimate 
 child by leaving it on a door step. 
 
 Case, age 24, psychopathic; has had two illegitimate children; complainant in 
 her third bastardy case. 
 
 Case, age 21, low grade sociopath ; six months pregnant, complainant in bas- 
 tardy case. 
 
 High Grade Borderland Morons 
 Mental Diagnosis. 
 
 Average Average 
 
 Basal Mental Age. Total Mental Age. 
 
 8.6 11.6 
 
 Psychopathy, 
 In this group there were four diagnosed psychopathic; one complicated 
 with alcoholism and dementia paralytica; one complicated with alcoholism; 
 one complicated by dementia paralytica. 
 
 Tabulation of Cases. 
 Case, age 52, psychopathic, chronic alcoholism, dementia paralytica; lived as 
 man and wife for six years before forced marriage in court. 
 
 Case, age 41, psychopathic, dementia paralytica; husband brought her into court 
 lor running away from home so often. 
 
 Case, age 45, psychopathic, chronic alcoholism ; husband had her brought into 
 court in order to get the children away from her. 
 
 Other cases were wives of husbands arrested for non-support. 
 
 High Grade Morons 
 
 (10.1-12.0) 
 Menial Diagnosis. 
 
 No. of Average Average Average 
 
 Cases. Chronological Age Basal Mental Age. Total Mental Age. 
 
 56 28.8 8.75 11.4 
 
 We have Domestic Relations Court arrest records on twenty-one cases, 
 
 admitting thirty-nine arrests, or an average of 1.86 arrests to a case. One had 
 
 one previous arrest, and three admitted Juvenile Court arrests ; one arrested once, 
 
 one twice, one four times in Juvenile Court. 
 
 — 120 — 
 
 No. of 
 
 Average 
 
 Cases. 
 
 Chronological Age 
 
 5 
 
 38.4
 
 Psychopathy. 
 
 Sixteen of the group were diagnosed dementia pnecox; three of which 
 were complicated with alcoholism; one of the latter had advanced pulmonary 
 tuberculosis. 
 
 Eleven of this group of fifty-six cases were diagnosed [jsj-chopathic con- 
 stitution ; three of which were complicated by chronic alcoholism ; one had 
 juvenile paresis; one had hysteria; one had epilepsy; one was deaf. < 
 
 Two were cases of hj-steria, one complicated by alcoholism. 
 
 Tabulation of Cases. 
 
 Case, age 22, total mental age 10.8; arrested in Domestic Relations Court for 
 contributing to the delinquency of a 17-ycar-old girl. Forced marriage, age 16. 
 
 Case, age 20, dementia prsecox; one arrest in Domestic Relations Court for 
 adultery; sent to House of Correction for six months; had four arrests in Juvenile 
 Court, all for running away from home. 
 
 Case, age 31, dementia praecox ; in Domestic Relations Court twice; deserted 
 her husband to live with another man ; has child age one and a half years to the 
 latter; ran away from home age 14; lived with her husband for fourteen years and 
 bore him seven children; after coming into court it was found out that she was not 
 legally married to first man. 
 
 Case, age 39, dementia pnxcox with chronic alcoholism; two arrests in Do- 
 mestic Relations Court, once for drunkenness and second time for disorderly 
 conduct, when landlord tried to have her evicted because her house was so dis- 
 orderly; she lived with present husband for one and a half years before forced 
 marriage. 
 
 Case, age 40, dementia pra^cox paranoides; had her husband arrested for non- 
 support; lived together as man and wife six years before marriage; forced 
 marriage. 
 
 Case, age 21, dementia prrecox; in Domestic Relations Court for contributing 
 to delinquency of her own child ; her husband is serving a term in Joliet for hold-up. 
 
 Case, age 18, dementia prajcox, colored : was living with man a year ; also com- 
 plaining witness against him on bastardy charge; she threatened to kill him the 
 night before she was arrested, and attacked him with a knife; she was previously 
 arrested in raid on house of prostitution. 
 
 Case, age 22, dementia precox; had husband arrested for non-support. She 
 had two Juvenile Court arrests; had a child to her father when she was a juvenile; 
 father is still serving term in Joliet prison on account of it. 
 
 Case, age 30, psychopathic; husband arrested for non-support; forced marriage. 
 
 Case, age 21, psychopathic, juvenile paresis; applied for warrant for her hus- 
 band ; was illegitimately pregnant before marriage and aborted ; she was in Juvenile 
 Court as a dependent; spent two years in Chicago Industrial School; one of the 
 cases referred to the laboratory by Mrs. McGuire, in charge of Department of 
 Social Welfare, Domestic Relations Court. 
 
 Case, age 22, extremely psychopathic; had trouble with her husband; attempted 
 suicide. 
 
 Case, age 32, psychopathic, chronic alcoholism ; her husband had her in Domes- 
 tic Relations Court twice, once for drunkenness in a dance hall, the other time for 
 fighting with landlady. 
 
 Case, age 23, dementia prsecox ; husband had her arrested. 
 
 Case, age 23, total mental age 10.4 ; accused two men of being the father of her 
 child. She finally decided on one because he had a pimple on his nose and the baby 
 developed one there, too ; we committed her to Lincoln. 
 
 Case, age 30, psychopathic; had husband arrested for non-support; forced 
 marriage. 
 
 Case, age 28, epileptic ; had her husband arrested for beating her. 
 
 Case.age 18, psychopathic; complainant bastardy case. 
 
 The balance are made up of complaining witnesses in non-support cases 
 and defendants for disorderly ccMiduct and di'inkin.u. 
 
 — 121 —
 
 Middle Grade Morons 
 (9.1-10.0) 
 
 Menial Diagnosis. 
 
 No. of 
 
 Average 
 
 Average 
 
 Average 
 
 Cases. 
 
 Chronological Age. 
 
 Basal Mental Age. 
 
 Total Mental Age. 
 
 26 
 
 27.85 
 
 7.58 
 
 9.54 
 
 Psychopathy. 
 
 Six were diagnosed dementia prsecox, two of these being complicated by 
 vlironic alcoholism. 
 
 I'oiir i)f tlic group of twenty-six were diagnosed psychopathic constitu- 
 tion; one of these was complicated by chronic alcoholism and preparalytic 
 (K'mentia: one was complicated by presenile dementia. 
 
 Tabulation of Cases. 
 
 Case, age 17, dementia priecox, chronic alcoholic; arrested twice in Domestic 
 Relations Coi:rt, once for desertion; forced marriage. 
 
 Case, age 33, dementia prsecox ; arrested once, contributing to delinquency of 
 children; has been living in adultery with her brother-in-law off and on for seven 
 years. 
 
 Case, age 39, dementia prsecox, chronic alcoholic; husband abusive; forced 
 marriage. 
 
 Case, age 18, total mental age 9.2; forced marriage age 14; had illegitimate 
 twins. 
 
 Case, age 21, dementia praecox ; in Domestic Relations Court twice, once con- 
 tributing to the delinquency of a young girl, second time suspicion of contributing 
 to delinquency of a child. 
 
 Case, age 20, total mental age 9.8; had previously been in Lincoln and Dun- 
 ning ; re-committed by us to Lincoln. 
 
 The balance were cases of complaint^ against husbands, etc. 
 
 Low Grade Morons 
 
 
 (7.1-9.0) 
 
 
 
 Mental Diagnosis. 
 
 
 No. of 
 Cases. 
 
 Average Average 
 Chronological Age Basal Mental Age. 
 
 Average 
 Total Mental Age. 
 
 19 
 
 28.26 6.68 
 
 Psychopathy. 
 
 8.24 
 
 One case was diagnosed dementia pra;cox with chronic alcoholism. 
 Two of the group of eleven cases were diagnosed psj-chopathic consti- 
 tution. 
 
 Tabulation of Causes. 
 
 Case, age 24, total mental age 7.2; had husband arrested for non-support; she 
 has no idea how long she has been married. Time and space concepts are very 
 difficult for the feeble-minded. 
 
 Case, age 24, total mental age 9.0; had husband arrested for non-support. 
 
 Case, age 22, total mental age 7.8; complainant in bastardy charge. 
 
 Case, age 47, colored, dementia prsecox, chronic alcoholism, total mental age 
 7.2; married; was arrested as inmate of a disorderly house. 
 
 Case, age 28, total mental age 8.6; complainant in bastardy charge. 
 
 Case, age 26, total mental age 9.0 ; complainant in bastardy charge ; she had 
 been int'.mate with defendant for nine years; she became pregnant; he married 
 another girl, and she made the charge. 
 
 nnr-iii,-,- ,,1 ,-:t-. .; comp-kiiiiants again>t ihcir husbands, etc. 
 
 — 122 —
 
 Psychopathic Analysis with CompHcation in a Group of 359 Females 
 
 Number 
 
 Diagnosis. of Cases. Percentage. 
 
 Dementia praecox 83 23.11 
 
 Dementia praecox plus chronic alcoholism 19 5.29 
 
 Dementia prsecox plus chronic alcoholism plus lues 1 0.28 
 
 Dementia pra^cox plus chronic alcoholism plus gonorrhoea. . 1 0.28 
 Dementia prxcox plus chronic alcoholism plus tuberculosis.. 1 0.28 
 Dementia prrccox plus chronic alcoholism plus presenile de- 
 mentia 1 0.28 
 
 Dementia praecox plus arteriosclerosis 1 0.28 
 
 Psychopathic constitution 58 16.15 
 
 Psychopathic constitution pkis chronic alcoholism 31 8.63 
 
 Psychopathic constitution plus chronic alcoholism plus pre- 
 paralytic dementia 2 0.56 
 
 Psychopathic constitution plus chronic alcoholism plus hys- 
 teria 1 0.28 
 
 Psychopathic constitution plus chronic alcoholism plus de- 
 mentia paralytica 1 0.28 
 
 Psj-chopathic constitution plus dementia paralytica 3 0.83 
 
 Psychopathic constitution plus preparalytic dementia 4 1.11 
 
 Psychopathic constitution plus presenile dementia 1 0.28 
 
 Psychopathic constitution plus senile dementia 1 0.28 
 
 Psycliopathic constitution plus arteriosclerosis 2 0.56 
 
 Psychopathic constitution plus juvenile paresis 1 0.28 
 
 Psychopathic constitution plus hysteria 1 0.28 
 
 Psychopathic constitution plus epilepsy 3 0.83 
 
 Psychopathic constitution plus deaf 1 0.28 
 
 Chronic alcoholism 40 11.14 
 
 Chronic alcoholism plus epilepsy 1 0.28 
 
 Chronic* alcoholism plus tuberculosis 1 0.28 
 
 Chronic alcoholism plus arteriosclerosis 1 0.28 
 
 Chronic alcoholism plus multiple sclerosis 1 0.28 
 
 Chronic alcoholism plus hemiplegia 1 0.28 
 
 Chronic alcoholism plus manic-depressive insanity 1 0.28 
 
 Chronic alcoholism plus lues 1 0.28 
 
 Chronic alcoholism plus gummata of face and arms 1 0.28 
 
 Paralysis agitans 1 0.28 
 
 Manic-depressive (hypomania) 1 0.28 
 
 Manic-depressive insanity 2 0.56 
 
 Hysteria 16 4.46 
 
 Hysteria plus chronic alcoholism 1 0.28 
 
 Hysteria plus epilepsy 1 0.28 
 
 Epilepsy 4 1.11 
 
 Lues 9 2.51 
 
 Congenital lues 1 0.28 
 
 Venereal disease 2 0.56 
 
 Sexual frigidity 1 0.28 
 
 Diphtheritic paralysis 1 0.28 
 
 Progressive bulbar palsy 1 0.28 
 
 Drugs 2 0.56 
 
 Tuberculosis 4 l.ll 
 
 Medical and physical examinations 42 11.70 
 
 Normal 5 1.39 
 
 Total 359 
 
 123 —
 
 School Records, Females 
 
 
 T3 
 
 0) 
 
 1 
 
 •d 
 
 
 
 
 a c 
 
 1 
 
 *j 
 
 
 1 
 
 I 
 
 TO 
 
 g 
 
 
 
 e^ 
 
 a 
 o 
 
 
 § 
 
 a 
 
 
 .6?o«! 
 
 ■OOO 
 
 g 
 
 «^ 
 
 o 
 
 ^ 
 
 
 SCQT 
 * 1 
 £•(3 « 
 
 eta 
 
 o. 
 
 o 
 
 a 
 
 Grade M 
 
 le Grade 
 
 
 
 •?-2 
 
 too 
 
 &;^ 
 
 ^^ 
 
 *!2 
 
 SS 
 
 
 <Xui 
 
 Sm 
 
 3s 
 
 ffi§ 
 
 gs 
 
 §3 
 
 No. of cases 
 
 16 
 
 7 
 
 12 
 
 5 
 
 56 
 
 12 
 
 Average chronological 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 aee 
 
 28.31 
 
 28.2 
 
 29.25 
 
 38.4 
 
 28.8 
 
 30.78 
 
 Average basal mental 
 
 
 age 
 
 9.75 
 
 9.0 
 
 9.0 
 
 8.6 
 
 8.75 
 
 7.57 
 
 Average total mental 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 age 
 
 12.21 
 
 11.79 
 
 11.73 
 
 11.6 
 
 11.4 
 
 9.5 
 
 Average age entered 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 school 
 
 6.5 
 
 6.57 
 
 7.36 
 
 6.4 
 
 7.08 
 
 7.0 
 
 Average age left school. 
 
 IS.O 
 
 13.86 
 
 13.72 
 
 13.0 
 
 14.0 
 
 13.5 
 
 Average grade 
 
 8.6 
 
 6.57 
 
 6.36 
 
 5.8 
 
 5.8 
 
 3.66 
 
 Low Grade Morons 
 In a group of eleven cases tabulated, the following data were recorded: 
 
 Case, age 24, total mental age 7.2; began school age 6, left age 15; was in first 
 grade throughout. 
 
 Case, age 24, total mental age 9.0; began school age 5, left age 14; reached 
 third grade. 
 
 Case, age 41, psychopathic, total mental age 9; attended school only age 7 to 8; 
 was in first grade ; is completely illiterate. 
 
 Case, age 26, total mental age 9; began school age 10, left age 13; reached 
 fourth grade. 
 
 Three cases grades not known. 
 Four cases never attended school. 
 
 — 124
 
 Summary on Thirty Girls Either Complaining Witnesses or Whose Parents 
 Were in the Domestic Relations Court 
 
 
 bo 
 
 4) 
 tX) 
 
 
 o 
 o 
 
 
 
 
 
 "3 
 
 ■(3 
 
 3 
 
 m 
 
 o 
 o 
 
 Si 
 
 
 
 
 o 
 
 c 
 
 C 
 
 4) 
 
 
 o 
 
 
 Remarks. 
 
 
 o 
 
 g 
 
 s 
 
 bo 
 
 S 
 
 
 
 
 c 
 
 ^^ 
 
 
 a 
 
 OJ 
 
 aj 
 
 
 4> 
 
 o 
 
 cj 
 
 "rt 
 
 
 ^^ 
 
 T3 
 
 
 ai 
 
 u 
 
 a: 
 
 
 o 
 
 c 
 
 d 
 
 
 <A 
 
 Si 
 
 d 
 
 o 
 
 bo 
 
 bo 
 
 
 
 O 
 
 O 
 
 pq 
 
 H 
 
 <; 
 
 < 
 
 O 
 
 
 1. 
 
 4 
 4 
 
 4 
 4 
 
 4.8 
 5.0 
 
 
 
 •• 
 
 
 2. 
 
 Sister of case 4, boys. 
 
 3. 
 
 4 
 
 4 
 
 5.6 
 
 
 
 
 Mother in D. R. Ct., chronic alcoholic; 
 sent by court for drink cure. 
 
 4. 
 
 5 
 5 
 
 4 
 5 
 
 6.2 
 6.6 
 
 5.0 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 5. 
 
 Mother and father both under arrest 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 in D. R. Court. 
 
 6. 
 
 6 
 6 
 
 6 
 
 5 
 
 6.8 
 6.2 
 
 
 
 
 
 7. 
 
 Psychopathic; sociopath. 
 
 8. 
 
 7 
 7 
 
 7 
 4 
 
 7.6 
 5.0 
 
 
 
 
 
 9. 
 
 Feeble-minded. 
 
 10. 
 
 8 
 
 7 
 
 8.4 
 
 7.0 
 
 
 1 
 
 Psychopathic; father in D. R. Court. 
 
 11. 
 
 8 
 
 5 
 
 7.0 
 
 
 . , 
 
 , , 
 
 Sister to case 24, boys. 
 
 12. 
 
 8 
 9 
 9 
 
 8 
 9 
 8 
 
 8.6 
 10.0 
 10.0 
 
 5.0 
 6.0 
 6.0 
 
 
 3 
 4 
 3 
 
 
 13. 
 
 
 14. 
 
 Dementia praecox; father under arrest 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 in D. R. Court. 
 
 15. 
 
 10 
 10 
 
 8 
 8 
 
 10.6 
 9.4 
 
 7.0 
 
 
 3 
 
 
 16. 
 
 Dementia prsecox; father under arrest 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 in D. R. Court. 
 
 17. 
 
 11 
 
 8 
 
 10.6 
 
 6.0 
 
 
 4 
 
 Cretin. 
 
 18. 
 
 11 
 
 7- 
 
 8.4 
 
 6.0 
 
 
 2 
 
 Dementia prtecox. 
 
 19. 
 
 13 
 
 11 
 
 12.4 
 
 6.0 
 
 
 8 
 
 Dementia prsecox; high grade border- 
 land sociopath. 
 
 20. 
 
 15 
 15 
 15 
 
 9 
 6 
 
 8 
 
 9.8 
 
 8.0 
 
 10.2 
 
 7.0 
 
 14.0 
 
 5 
 
 
 21. 
 
 
 22. 
 
 Dementia prsecox. 
 
 23. 
 
 15 
 
 9 
 
 11.4 
 
 6.0 
 
 15.0 
 
 6 
 
 Illegitimate child; mother married an- 
 other man and had him arrested for 
 non-support. 
 
 24. 
 
 15 
 IS 
 15 
 16 
 16 
 
 7 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 8 
 
 9.6 
 
 11.2 
 
 9.8 
 
 9.4 
 
 11.2 
 
 7.0 
 7.0 
 6.0 
 6.0 
 
 15.0 
 15.0 
 14.0 
 14.0 
 
 7 
 6 
 
 3 
 
 7 
 
 
 25. 
 
 
 26. 
 
 
 27. 
 
 
 28. 
 
 Psychopathic; had Illegitimate child. 
 
 29. 
 
 17 
 
 8 
 
 11.0 
 
 8.0 
 
 13.0 
 
 5 
 
 Is married; had two arrests; inmate of 
 disorderly houses. 
 
 30. 
 
 11 
 
 4 
 
 4.6 
 
 
 
 
 Dementia praecox; low grade imbecile. 
 
 125
 
 BASTARDY CASES 
 
 'I'lic ca.si'h cited Iktc approximate vcrj' closely the general run of material 
 found in this brancli. These types, male and female, find each other and as a 
 result the offspring is no higher than its source. Most of the children of 
 these cases find their way into foundling asylums and it behooves one, before 
 adopting such children, if one would anticipate later heartaches, as our ex- 
 perience teaches us how often they turn out badly, to have their mentalitiy 
 lirst ccrtilied to. We append below the history of one such case as an 
 example. The physician attache is useful here in assisting the court in such 
 questions as probable time of conception, apparent age of child, venereal disease, 
 etc. 
 
 We have met a woman who makes it a business to adopt children, send- 
 ing them out to work as soon as they are able, profiting on the transaction 
 in this way. One of her adopted children was under arrest. 
 
 Complainants in these cases very often appear again in court, in the Domestic 
 Relations Branch, when marriages have settled the complaints, or in the Morals 
 Court. There are not many girls of the more fortunately endowed that have to 
 make such appeals for assistance. They are usually able to extricate themselves one 
 way or another. 
 
 Any legislation intended for the relief of tliis situation should not be any 
 exception to other social legislation, should not be ex parte, but should be based 
 on a thorough study of the material involved with the aim of enacting some 
 legislation that fits. 
 
 We would suggest the Greek word voOos = bastard for the English equivalent. 
 
 The following statistics cover the findings on 117 consecutive cases of 
 girls and the cases of 7 males involved with them, a total of 124 cases. 
 Females — Average Intelligence 
 
 No. cases. 
 
 Averace chron- 
 oloKlcnl age. 
 
 AveraKO basal AvoraKe total 
 mental age. nn'iital age. 
 
 Averaee age 
 began school. 
 
 Average age 
 left school. 
 
 Average grade. 
 
 11 
 
 20.0 
 
 11.81 12.63 
 
 6.66 
 
 14.81 
 
 8.91 
 
 1 
 
 15.0 
 
 
 6.00 
 
 15.00 
 
 3.00 in 
 Russia 
 
 1 
 
 23.0 
 
 Fair average 
 intelligence. 
 
 7.00 
 
 15.00 
 
 7.00 in 
 
 Norway 
 
 13 
 
 Tabulation of Cases. 
 
 Case, age 16, pregnant eight months time of test. 
 
 Case, age 16, pregnant three months time of test. 
 
 Case, age 21, pregnant eight months time of test. 
 
 Case, age 19, pregnant six months time of test, forced marriage. 
 
 Case, age 19, began school age 10, graduated fourth vear high school 
 age 18. 
 
 Case, age 20, pregnant eight months time of test. 
 
 Case, age 29, psychopathic; she was pregnant by one man, married another 
 who knew of pregnancy; she left him two days after marriage, he had active 
 lues. 
 
 Case, age 22, psychopathic, five months pregnant by man she has been 
 intimate with since she was age 17. 
 
 Case, age 15, in United States 2 years. 
 
 Case, age 23, fair average intelligence plus dementia pr.xcox; father died 
 before she was born, case married age 20, later divorced, lived with husband 
 two years: he was arrested for stealing, sent to prison, then to insane asylum; 
 
 — 126
 
 tlicy had one child and one miscarriage. She became intimate with case, 
 F. Ha., directly after meeting him became pregnant and had F. Ha. arrested; 
 he agreed to marry her after remaining in jail three months. While waiting 
 for him to do some shopping, she solicited and took four men to a hotel in a 
 couple of hours, was arrested and brought into Morals Court. She finally 
 married F. Ha. 
 
 High Grade Borderland Sociopaths 
 
 so. cases. 
 
 Average chron- 
 ological age. 
 
 Average basal 
 mental age. 
 
 Average total 
 mental age. 
 
 Average age 
 began school. 
 
 Avorago age 
 left school. 
 
 Average grade. 
 
 3 
 
 20.66 
 
 9.66 
 
 12.06 
 
 7.33 
 
 15.0 
 
 7.66 
 
 1 
 
 20.00 
 
 . . . 
 
 
 7.00 
 
 13.0 
 
 8.00 in 
 
 — 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Sweden 
 
 Tabulation of Cases. 
 
 Case, age 27, dementia pra;cox; three months pregnant, has gonorrhcea. 
 father is insane ; her mother separated from her father si.x years ago. 
 Case, age 16, two months pregnant. 
 
 Her 
 
 Middle Grade Sociopaths 
 
 Clironological 
 age. 
 
 23 
 
 Basal mental 
 age. 
 
 Total mental 
 age. 
 
 11.8 
 
 .Vge began 
 school. 
 
 Ago loft 
 school. 
 
 12 
 
 Grade. 
 
 6 
 
 Tabulation. 
 
 Case, age 23, dementia pnecox; she has a .speech tici'ccl ^anle as her 
 father: forced marriage, husband later deserted her. 
 
 Low Grade Sociopaths 
 
 Average chron- 
 ological age. 
 
 21.33 
 
 Average basal 
 mental ago. 
 
 9.0 
 
 Average total 
 mental age. 
 
 11.53 
 
 Average age 
 l)ogan school. 
 
 6.40* 
 
 .\verage ace 
 left school. 
 
 14.80 
 
 .\verage grade. 
 
 730 
 
 Tabulation of Cases. 
 
 Case, age 22, foreigner, never attended school: left lier two-weeks-old 
 Ijaby on doorstep. 
 
 Case, age 24, psychopathic; she has had two illegitimate children, aged, 
 respectively, 6 years, and 4 months. She was age 18 when she had her first 
 illegitimate child. She has been intimate with the father of her second child 
 for three years. When he found out she was pregnant he admitted he was 
 divorced and had four children. The father of case was a chronic alcoholic 
 who died in the County Hospital. A maternal uncle of case was alcoholic 
 and died on the street; his wife had had to leave him twelve j-ears previously. 
 
 Case, age 24, dementia pra-cox hebephrenia; pregnant two and one-half 
 months. Her sister has been in the Morals Court. The latter is a high grade 
 sociopath plus dementia pra;cox hebephrenia. 
 
 Case, age 28, dementia pricco.x hebephrenia. Siie was an illegitimate 
 child, raised in an orphan asylum to the age of 12. She nrw has an illegitimate 
 child seven months old. The rightful father of the child is a ne'er-do-well, 
 the girl having a liaison with him, although she had been married to another, 
 a decent, respectable man and a good provider, with whoni ^he was living. 
 
 *School records on oiih- five ease.s. 
 
 — 12:
 
 HIrIi Grade Borderland Morons and High Grade Morons 
 
 P li li . ii i . 1 
 
 49 20.53 8.69 11.18 41 7.09 13.95 44 6.00 
 
 2 29.00 High grade moron plus dementia prcxco.x. 
 
 19.00 High grade moron. 
 
 51 
 
 Tabulation of Cases. 
 
 Case, age 23, dementia prrecox phis hystcriform accesses. Attempted suicide 
 two weeks previous to examination; previously inmate Geneva Reform School. 
 
 Ca.se, age 21; baby one month old. 
 
 Case, age 25; baby eight days old. 
 
 Case, age 18, psychopathic; the father of the case is a chronic alcoholic; 
 she has a brother who has not worked in five years. 
 
 Case, age 18, dementia prnscox, colored; has been living with man age 
 26 for a year; he is father of her child. Was previously pregnant to him but 
 had an abortion. He abuses her, striking her in the face. She cut him on 
 face and hands with a knife, for which he had her arrested. She was previously 
 in Morals Court, arrested in raid on disorderly house. Her mother had been 
 married twice. 
 
 Case, age 23, dementia priecox plus chronic alcoholism. Had been ar- 
 rested three times in Alorals Court for soliciting. She learned to walk late. 
 
 Case, age 16, dementia prcccox; was constantly hunting up men, running 
 away from home several days at a time, out late at night. Has cretinoid 
 brother. Imbecile and praecox. She was committed for a year as incorrigible. 
 Maternal uncle killed in a fight; he had previously been arrested for fighting. 
 
 Case, age 23, dementia praecox hebephrenia. Father of child, 27, joined 
 troops; case and child, age 2 weeks, were placed in foundlings' home, girl 
 deserted baby next day. She reached fifth grade in school. 
 
 Case, age 29, dementia prn?cox hebephrenia plus chronic alcoholism, forced 
 marriage. At age 12 she had to be put in Industrial Home by the Juvenile 
 Court ; escaped, was put in another home until age 18. 
 
 Case, age 35, dementia prrecox; child, age 7 months at time of examina- 
 tion, when she made complaint. 
 
 Case, age 24, pregnant tAvo and cne-half months, she has a large goiter. 
 likewise her two sisters and her aunt. 
 
 Case, age 21, psychopathic: reached third grade in school. 
 
 Case, age 19; two-weeks-old baby. 
 
 • Case, age 25, dementia pra;cox hebephrenia, pregnant three months, has 
 lues. Attended school age 6 to 11, reached third grade. Father of her child 
 a soldier. Her father was married three times, divorced once. Her mother 
 died age 48 with a second stroke of apoplexy. This whole side of tlie family 
 very psychopathic. A year and a half ago case suffered a nervous breakdown. 
 
 Case, age 17, dementia prjecox; her sister suicided at age 22. 
 
 Case, age 22, has nine-wceks-old babj-. Reached sixth grade in school. 
 
 Case, age 20, dementia praecox katatonia and active lues, child infected. 
 This is her second illcgitim.ate child. Committed by us. 
 
 Case, age 17. pregnant six and a half months. Reached sixth grade in 
 school. 
 
 Case, age 20. dementia praecox hebephrenia ; pregnant four months ; school 
 age 7 to 14, reached fifth grade. Charged young man with rape, examination 
 disclosed the fact thnt she was four months pregnant, now wants a warrant 
 
 — 128 —
 
 also for the father of the child whom she had been intimate with some time 
 but doesn't know his last name nor address. 
 
 Case, age 22, dementia praicox hebephrenia; foreigner, in United States 
 4^ years. Father of baby came to see her once and gave her a dollar for the 
 bab}'. Father of child has been arrested for larceny, served two months; 
 changes his name frequently. 
 
 Case, age 22, dementia praccox hebephrenia, foreigner, in United States 
 
 3 years. 
 
 Case, age 29, dementia pra;cox; married age 13; had one child died age 
 two months of convulsions. Only lived with her husband in Europe two 
 months when she left him and came to United States. Living with man here 
 to whom she had had four illegitimate children, a girl age 5 years, a boy age 
 
 4 years and twin girls 6 weeks old. The father of these children deserted her 
 
 5 weeks ago. 
 
 Case, age 19, dementia priecox hebephrenia. She attended school age 
 8 to 14, reached fifth grade. Her child is three months old. She has a sister 
 age 23, who tested exactly the same as she did. 
 
 Case, age 22, dementia prsecox hebephrenia. Attended school age 7 to 
 11, reached fourth grade. She has had three illegitimate children, and is now 
 five months pregnant with the fourth. Her oldest child is age 5, and the 
 youngest age one. She is now pregnant to a married man, he used to take 
 whatever money she would earn, he eventually deserted his wife and children, 
 and went to live with our case. His sister also lived with them. The girl's 
 father, and one of her brothers were both alcoholic, both killed in diflferent 
 saloon fights. The girl's mother was also a chronic alcoholic, and had served 
 time in the House of Correction, she drifts from place to place. Case has 
 another brother who is a rover. Case has a sister whose husband is now in 
 the House of Correction for beating and abusing her, he is a chronic alcoholic. 
 
 Case, age 21, dementia prgecox hebephrenia. Attended school age 7 to 14, 
 reached sixth grade. Her baby, a girl, is age 7 months. Father of the child 
 is an alcoholic, and a worthless type. 
 
 Case, age 34, dementia praecox simplex. Attended school age 7 to 14, 
 reached fifth grade. She married at age 19. husband beat and abused her. 
 They separated, and he died four years later in an insane asylum. Since then 
 she has had two illegitimate children by different fathers, both worthless types. 
 Her oldest child is two years, and her youngest eight weeks. 
 
 Middle Grade Morons 
 
 
 gc « go g^ " g 
 
 .. ^ ^ |e I |S |s I I 
 
 22 20.59 im 9.69 18 7.72 13.50 15 4.40 
 
 2i 
 
 Tabulation of Cases. 
 
 Case, age 21; has had two illegitimate children besides one abortion and 
 again pregnant four months. Left school age 16, third grade. 
 
 Case, age 20; child four months old. Father of child has been arrested 
 five times for fighting. He would beat case; she left school ago 14, in tiiiril 
 grade.' 
 
 Case, age 27; has two illegitimate children, one age 3 years and one age 
 3 months. 
 
 Case, age 22, dementia priccox; left school age 16, fifth grade. When age 
 15 she was plaintiff against boy in criminal court. When age 19 was pregnant 
 but aborted, now pregnant six months. 
 
 — 129 —
 
 Case, am- 10, prcKn.int cIkIu iM<>iitli>. I-'atlier of ca.sc cliionic alcuholii; 
 and tuberciilar. 
 
 Case, age 21, dementia pra-cox hebephrenia; she has two illegitimate 
 children.' The first child is age 4 and feeble-minded. The father of present 
 child is a boarder at her parents' home and is age 52. The girl's father is a 
 chronic alcoholic. 
 
 Case, age 21, five months pregnant. 
 
 Case, age 22, three months pregnant. 
 
 Case, age 15. cretinoid. 
 
 Case, age 22, has two illegitimate children. 
 
 Case, age 26. Began school age 7, stopped age 8, in first grade; mental 
 age 9.6 years. 
 
 Low Grade Morons 
 
 a— o— £ »■§ ■ S P— S £ 
 
 2= £c g £e ^ 22 ^ e 
 
 §i= §1 s eg o SI c g 
 
 .§= •<= X <"' X <: 55 -< 
 
 7.07 8.29 11 7.18 10 13.60 7 3.71 
 
 Low grade moron, in U. S. 4 years. 
 Low grade moron, in U. S .5 years. 
 Low grade moron plus dementia prsecox hebephrenia. 
 Low grade moron, never attended school. 
 Low grade moron. 
 
 1 
 
 c 
 V. 
 
 II 
 
 5° 
 
 13 
 
 21.69 
 
 5 
 
 15.00 
 
 
 25.00 
 
 
 32.00 
 
 
 26.00 
 
 
 38.00 
 
 18 
 
 Tabulation of Cases. 
 
 Case, age 26; now illegitimately pregnant third time. 
 
 Case, age 38, widow; has seven children, eldest age 20. youngest age 6. 
 Xow illegitimately pregnant. 
 
 Case, age 26, has child three weeks old. She has been intimate with 
 lather of her child 9 years. He is a chronic alcoholic and has married another 
 girl. 
 
 Case, age 22, has had two illegitimate cliildren; her father is a chronic 
 alcoholic. 
 
 Case, age 21. dementia praecox; left school age 13, third grade. Her 
 mother was chronic alcoholic and is in insane asylum. The father of child is 
 ;i chronic alcoholic; the child is five months old. 
 
 Case, age 27. active lues. Attended school two weeks; mental age 7.8 
 years. 
 
 Case, age 22. active lues; stepped school age 14, second grade; mental 
 age 7.4 years. She had three illegitimate children by different boys, one child 
 age 5, one died age 3, and present child age 3 weeks. She accused several men 
 of being the father of her last child. 
 
 Case, age 32, dementia prseco.x hebephrenia ; she was married once, husband 
 dead eight years. She has one child by him which had convulsions ; she now has 
 illegitimate child one year old. 
 
 — 130 —
 
 High Grade Imbecile 
 
 
 Chronological 
 
 Basal mental 
 
 Total mental 
 
 Age began 
 
 Age left 
 
 
 No. cases. 
 
 age. 
 
 age. 
 
 age. 
 
 school. 
 
 school. 
 
 Grade. 
 
 1 
 
 23.0 
 
 6.0 
 
 6.6 
 
 6.0 
 
 10.0, 
 
 1 
 
 She was always in first grade in sciiool. Has bt-cn arrested twice for 
 inimnrality. 
 
 MALES 
 
 We append an analysis of a few of the defendants found in this court. 
 it is a fjuestion how far forced marriages should be encoiira.a:ed. 
 
 Tabulation of Cases. 
 
 Case, age 18, fair average intelligence (basal mental age 11, total mental 
 age 12.6) plus dementia prcccox; reached fourth year high school; has been in 
 Juvenile Court; probation 18 months. 
 
 Case, age 22, high grade borderland sociopath (basal mental age 9, total 
 mental age 12.2) plus dementia pr?ecox plus chronic alcoholism. Began school 
 age 6, quit age 17, in eighth grade. In Juvenile Court once stealing, comm tted 
 Industrial School 18 months; later stole jewelry, committed to House of Cor- 
 rection for 6 months. His father is chronic alcoholic and has been arrested 
 three times, twice for drunkenness and once for fighting. He is very abusive 
 to his wife and she threatens to leave him. Judge would not sanction marriage 
 of this case. 
 
 Case, age 21. F. Ha. High grade borderland moron (basal mental age 8.10, 
 total mental age 11.4), plus dementia praecox katatonia (moral defect). Began 
 school age 7, stopped age 16, seventh grade. He is a draft slacker. His mother has 
 been in insane asylum for eight years. His father was a chronic alcoholic. See his- 
 tory of girl, D. Ha., age 23, under average intelligence. 
 
 Case, age 28, low grade sociopath (basal mental age 8, total mental age 11.2), 
 plus psychopathic ; is under treatment for nervousness. Began school age 6. stopped 
 age 16, reached seventh grade. 
 
 Case, age 21, high grade moron (basal mental age 9, total mental age 11.0), 
 plus dementia pra^cox ; began school age 12, stopped age 15, quit eighth grade. He is 
 chronic masturbator. Girl is age 16 and feeble-minded. Has been in feeble-minded 
 institution at intervals for three years. The boy's father was partly Spanish and part 
 negro, mother negrcss. 
 
 Case, S. Lo., age 21, middle grade moron (basal mental age 8, total mental age 
 10.0), plus dementia pr?ecox hebephrenia. Concomitant alcoholism. He assumed 
 role of defendant. See history of case. 
 
 Case, age 18, low grade moron (basal mental age 8, total mental age 9.8), plus 
 dementia pr,Tcox. Began school age 10, stopped ape 17, fifth grade. 
 
 — 181 —
 
 OUTSIDE CRIMINAL BRANCHES 
 
 There are 18 outside criminal branches of the Municipal Court, located 
 in difTcrcnt parts of the city. The material coming to these different courts 
 is <iuito homogeneous, the one differing very little from the other. The rases 
 that now come to the specialized courts, the Boys, Morals and Domestic Rela- 
 tions, were formerly tried in these police courts. 
 
 During the period covered by the report there were 330 cases thoroughly 
 examined from these branches, 223 males, 107 females. This represents a 
 group of what might be considered selective cases, but to those familiar with 
 the average run of material in these courts it will be seen to be quite rep- 
 resentative. The following statistics compiled on the charges registered 
 against these cases, covering a period of three years and embracing 330 de- 
 fendants, is further confirmatory. 
 
 These branches deal in large measure with the terminal stages of the 
 cases from the Boys, Morals and Domestic Relations courts, society's human ship- 
 wrecks. 
 
 Since we have no regular system of identification in any of our courts for the 
 recognition of repeaters, we are forced to depend on the admissions of the cases 
 themselves in regard to their previous arrests, and as a consequence our statistics 
 only approximate the amount of recidivism. Almost always where we are able to 
 check up arrests they have been very much worse than admitted by the case. 
 
 MALES 
 
 Mental Diagnosis — Average Intelligence 
 
 No. of Average Average Average 
 
 Cases. Chronological Age. Basal Mental Age. Total Mental Age. 
 
 23 27.74 9.61 12.33 
 
 Psychopathy. 
 
 Nineteen of this group were diagnosed dementia prsecox, one was com- 
 plicated by chronic alcoholism and dementia paralytica, one by chronic alcohol- 
 ism plus drug addiction, one by chronic alcoholism, one by drug addiction, 
 one chronic alcoholism and sex pervert, one with moral defect, one case, 
 age 24, dementia prsecox paranoides, chronic masturbator, one chronic alco- 
 holism with moral defect. 
 
 Three of the group of 23 cases were diagnosed psychopathic constitution, 
 two complicated by chronic alcoholism, one by drug addiction and chorea. 
 
 Tabulation of Cases. 
 
 Case, age 22, dementia prascox, drug addict; has had in the neighborhood 
 of 25 arrests, mostly for hold-ups, served two and one-half years in Pontiac 
 Reformatory. 
 
 Case, age 45, dementia praecox, chronic alcoholism, dementia paralytica; 
 has had seven arrests, mostly for chronic alcoholism and flipping trains; was 
 in State Insane Asylum in Dunning for five months. 
 
 Case, age 24, dementia prascox, chronic alcoholism; two arrests, one for 
 indecent exposure, once not having license on auto; he is a chauffeur. 
 
 Case, age 21, dementia prsecox plus chronic alcoholism, plus moral de- 
 fect; had two arrests, once for drunkenness; forged thirteen checks, served 
 term in House of Correction. 
 
 — 133 —
 
 Case, age 30, dementia pr.-vcox; arrested for indecent exposure. 
 
 Case, age 34, dementia pr^ccox; indecent liberties with a cliild. 
 
 Case, age 28, dementia praccox; passing worthless check. 
 
 Case, age 23, dementia pra;cox hebephrenia; obscene writing. 
 
 Case, age 46, dementia pra^cox hebephrenia; two arrests, once disorderly 
 conduct, once auto speeding. 
 
 Case, age 31, dementia praecox paranoides; two arrests, one for larcency, 
 once stealing jewelry, served one year in House of Correction, committed by 
 us to Psychopathic Hospital. 
 
 Case, age 37, dementia pra'cox, chronic alcoholism; obtaining money un- 
 der false pretenses. 
 
 Case, age 21, dementia praicox; has had three arrests; present arrest, he 
 is a drug clerk and was selling whiskey without prescription. 
 
 Case, age 38, dementia pr.-ccox hebephrenia plus drug addict (morphin- 
 ist and cocainist); has had eighteen arrests that have been checked up, seven 
 for burglary, eight for larceny, two for picking pockets, one for disorderly 
 conduct; has served two terms in Pontiac Reformatory, once for five years, 
 was committed twice to Chester Criminal Insane Asylum on burglary charges; 
 spent three years in Mississippi Penitentiary, three in Wisconsin Penitentiary, 
 two in Tennessee Penitentiary, one year in House of Correction, 6 months in 
 Cook County Jail; as a boy charged with disorderly conduct, committed to 
 Ontario Reform School for six months; spent eighteen months in Insane 
 Asylum in Kentucky, two years in Insane Asylum in Fulton, was also in Insane 
 Asylum at Dunning and also Elgin. Committed by us to Psychopathic Hos- 
 pital. 
 
 Case, age 22, dementia pra;cox plus drug addiction; has had 29 arrests, his 
 arrests have been for burglary, hold-up, on suspicion, fighting and disorderly 
 conduct; served two and a half years in Pontiac Reformatory. He was ar- 
 rested in St. Joe by the federal authorities and 200 grains of cocaine found on 
 him. There are fifteen charges against him on his present arrest; he stole 
 an automobile and would answer advertisements in daily paper of those de- 
 siring to buy automobiles. He would invite the prospective buj^er out for a 
 demonstration of the car, run him to a lonely spot in the outskirts of the city 
 and then hold him up. He was sentenced to an indefinite term on these 
 charges. 
 
 Case, age 17, dementia prsecox plus moral defect; arrested for committing 
 blackmail. 
 
 Case, age 18, dementia prrecox, chronic alcoholism, sex pervert; present 
 arrest mother complainant, drinking and disorderly conduct, has had \\\it 
 previous arrests on same charges. 
 
 Case, age 26, dementia prajcox; present arrest, indecent exposure. 
 Case, age 23, psychopatliic constitution, morphine and cocaine addict. 
 
 High Grade Borderland Sociopaths 
 
 No. of Average Average Average 
 
 Cases. Chronological Age. Basal Mental Age. Total Mental Age. 
 
 9 29.33 9.33 11.75 
 
 Psychopaihy. 
 
 Four were diagnosed dementia pr:ocox paranoides, one complicated by 
 chronic alcoholism. 
 
 Five of the group of 9 cases were diagnosed psychopathic constitutif^n, 
 all of which were complicated by chronic alcoholism. 
 
 Tabulation of Cases. 
 
 Case, age 34, dementia prrecox plus alcoholism; has had seven arrests, 
 present arrest for vagrancy, previous arrests gambling, larceny, vagrancy: 
 he has served a year in the Pontiac Reformatory, a term in the House 
 
 — 133 —
 
 of C"orrci-li«iii. vv;is ••wl only ;i iiiMiitli wlim Nciilciiccil ;iK;iiii for six incjiitlis 
 (•n v.-iKnincy oharno. Ili' had .studied- for tlic niinislr}', married, dcscrtcfi wife; 
 she <Iivnri-e(l him four years after marriage. 
 
 Case, awe 23, dementia pr.ecox paranoides; six arrests, three Juvenile, 
 committed to St. Charles Reformatory twice, once for sixteen months, once 
 ff)r a year; was also in Jolin Worthy School, also served term in House of 
 Correction. 
 
 Case, age 29, dementia j)r;ccox i)aranuides, chronic alcoholism; seven ar- 
 rests; his mother had him arrested saying he was very dangerous, previous 
 arrests hold-uj) on street car, drunkenness, etc. Has been in House of Cor- 
 rection. His brother was shot and killed in a light. 
 
 Case, age 55, psychopathic constitution; five arrests for drunkenness; he 
 has had several terms in House of Correction, has had delirium tremens. 
 
 Case, age 23, dementia pra-cox paranoides; three arrests, present arrest, 
 stole brother's revolver, family were afraid of him, other arrests fighting and 
 disorderly; was in State Hospital for Insane at Kankakee for 4 months; we 
 committed him to Psychopathic Hospital. 
 
 Case, age 30, high grade borderland sociopath, has active lues. 
 
 Case, age 30, dementia pra:cox, tertiary lues; has had four arrests, present 
 arrest on suspicion of Inirglary, other arrests in pool room raids. 
 
 Case, age 28, psychopathic constitution, chronic alcoholism; present ar- 
 rest larceny, two previous arrests, one for larceny, one for disorderly conduct; 
 served term in House of Correction. 
 
 ■Case, age 22. dementia pra.^cox, clironic mastnrbator. 
 
 High Grade Sociopaths 
 
 Mental Diagnosis. 
 
 No. of Average Average Average 
 
 Cases. Chronological Age. Basal Mental Age. Total Mental Age. 
 
 11 25.36 8.91 11.47 
 
 Psychopathy. 
 
 Six of the group were diagnosed dementia pr.'ecox. one of which was 
 complicated by chronic alcoholism, one by moral defect, one was effeminate. 
 one sex pervert, pederast. 
 
 Five of this group of 11 cases were diagnosed psychopathic constitution, 
 three were complicated by chronic alcoholism, one by drug addiction. 
 
 Tabulation of Cases. 
 
 Case, age 18, dementia praecox, sex pervert; present arrest committing peder- 
 asty on a boy. 
 
 Case, age 18, psychopathic constitution ; arrested for attempting suicide. 
 
 Case, age 24, dementia prsccox, moral defect ; he has had 20 arrests, all for 
 larceny and disorderly conduct; served two terms in House of Correction, in an- 
 other case his father paid his fine of $200. 
 
 Case, age 28, psychopathic constitution plus drug addiction ; he has had five 
 arrests, present arrest non-support, four arrests peddling cocaine. 
 
 Case, age 31, dementia prjecox paranoides; stole an overcoat worth $40 from 
 a department store. 
 
 Case, age 35, dementia praecox ; three arrests, present arrest burglary, one 
 arrest disorderly conduct; served two years in Joliet for shooting his mother-in- 
 law. 
 
 Case, age 29, dementia prsecox, effeminate ; has had four arrests, two for dis- 
 orderly conduct, two for vagrancy. 
 
 Case, age 25, psychopathic constitution, chronic alcoholism ; present arrest 
 adultery. 
 
 Case, age 21, psychopathic constitution, chronic alcoholism; stole a bicycle. 
 
 Case, age 31, high grade sociopath; arrested for speeding in auto. 
 
 — 134 —
 
 Low Grade Sociopaths 
 Mental Diagnosis. 
 
 No. of 
 Cases. 
 
 Average 
 Chronological Age. 
 
 Average 
 Basal Mental Age. 
 
 Average 
 Total Mental Age. 
 
 16 
 
 29.06 
 
 8.69 
 
 11.66 
 
 Psychopathy. 
 
 Xiiie cases were diagnosed dementia priccu.x, three of these complicated 
 by chronic alcoholism, one by drug- addiction, one was katat'mic, one had 
 chronic gonorrhea. 
 
 Seven of the group of 16 cases were diagnosed p.Nychi)i)alliic constitution, 
 two of which were complicated by chronic alcoholism, one by drug addiction, 
 one by epilepsy, one pulmonary phthisis. 
 
 Tabulation of Cases. 
 
 Case, age 27, highly psychopathic, epileptic; arrested for raping a 2H-year-old 
 child. 
 
 Case, age 27, dementia pra:cox paranoides ; three arrests, present arrest in- 
 sulting a woman, two previous arrests for same thing ; acted as sewing machine 
 agent, would gain access to house and then make indecent proposals to women; 
 we committed him to Psychopathic Hospital. 
 
 Case, age 30, dementia pra^co.x hebephrenia, chronic alcoholism; three arrests, 
 all for drunkenness, has had delirium tremens, served two sentences in House of 
 Correction. 
 
 Case, age 33, dementia prceco.x, chronic gonorrhea ; eight arrests, present arrest 
 abusing his wife, the other seven have been for abusing wife and disorderly 
 conduct. 
 
 Case, age 19, psychopathic constitution, drug addict; arrested disorderly con- 
 duct; was arrested in Juvenile Court for drug addiction, served six months in 
 reformatory for same thing. He snuffs cocaine. 
 
 Case, age 22, dementia prseco.x hyperbulia (katatonia) ; present arrest "Jack 
 the Peeper," loitering around girls' toilet in school. 
 
 Case, age 27, dementia precox paranoides plus chronic alcoholism ; arrested 
 about thirty times on account of going on sprees, except once on suspicion; we 
 committed him to Psychopathic Hospital. 
 
 Case, age 32, psychopathic constitution ; has had three arrests, present arrest 
 contributing to delinquency of children, taking strange little girls to nickel shows, 
 once as a strike breaker, once for driving a decrepit, sick horse. 
 
 Case, age 35, dementia prcecox plus chronic alcoholism; has had four arrests 
 for thefts. 
 
 Case, age 28, dementia praecox, hereditary lues ; two arrests, both for indecent 
 exposure. 
 
 Case, age 21, dementia praecox; has had eight arrests, two of which were in 
 Boys Court, present arrest larceny, four were for disorderly conduct, one of these 
 and a robbery case being in Boys Court. 
 
 Case, age 39, psychopathic constitution plus chronic alcoholism ; present arrest 
 drunkenness and abiising his wife, two previous arrests same charge, served one 
 term in House of Correction. 
 
 Case, age 36, psychopathic constitution ; arrested for annoying a girl. 
 
 Case, age 21, dementia pra;cox plus active lues; present arrest larceny, stole a 
 handbag from neighbor, was in Boys Court for burglary, committed to Pontiac 
 Reformatory, spent 26 nuiiiths tiicro. had l)ecn in Parental School twice, was in 
 John Worthy twice. 
 
 — 135 —
 
 High Grade Morons 
 Mental Diagnosis. 
 
 No. of 
 
 CnBCS. 
 
 Average 
 Clironologlcal Age. 
 
 Average 
 I?asal Mental Age. 
 
 Average 
 Total Mental Age. 
 
 37 
 
 26.84 
 
 8.27 
 
 10.99 
 
 Psychopathy. 
 
 Twenty ui the group were diagnosed dementia pritcox; four of which 
 wore complicated by chronic alcoholism, one by pulmonary tuberculosis, one 
 l)y drug addiction, one sc.k pervert. 
 
 Two of the group of 37 cases were diagnosed psychopathic constitution, 
 two of which were complicated by alcoholism. 
 
 Two of the group of 37 cases were epileptic. 
 
 One of tiie group r)f 37 cases was senile dementia. 
 
 Tabulation of Cases. 
 
 Case, age 22, dementia pra^cox, cocaine user; elaborately tattooed on breast and 
 hand in form of snake. 
 
 Case, age 21, dementia pr^ecox, chronic alcoholic; attempted suicide. 
 
 Case, age 20, dementia pra^cox ; committed to feeble-minded institution. 
 
 Case, age 24, dementia pra.xox ; present arrest enticing little girls into shrub- 
 bery in park for immoral purposes. 
 
 Case, age 38, dementia prrecox paranoides ; refuses to work, wife complainant. 
 
 Case, age 17, dementia prrccox; four arrests, present arrest breaking off auto 
 horn, another arrest ambushing some boys and beating them. 
 
 Case, age 17, dementia pra'cox ; has had eight arrests, three of which were in 
 Juvenile Court for stealing and truancy; served seven months in Parental School, 
 his other arrests have been for stealing brass and attempting suicide. 
 
 Case, age 40, dementia pra^cox, chronic alcoholic; present arrest for hold-up, 
 two other arrests, one for hold-up, one for drunkenness ; has had delirium tremens 
 several times. 
 
 Case, age 29, dementia precox, chronic alcoholic ; has been arrested fifteen 
 times, fourteen for larceny and one for burglary; put on probation recently, broke 
 it within fourteen days. 
 
 Case, age 16, dementia pra?cox, sex pervert. 
 
 Case, age 39, present arrest for arson, he was a conductor and was discharged 
 from the street railway company for keeping fares. 
 
 Case, age 16, plaintiff in case against a Chinaman, Chinaman wanted to use 
 him for immoral purposes, has had an arrest in Juvenile Court for shooting dice. 
 
 Case, age 19, dementia prascox ; four arrests for running away from home. 
 
 Case, age 25, present arrest stealing six drinking glasses. 
 ' Case, age 17, two arrests, both on suspicion. 
 
 Case, age 40, dementia prwcox hebephrenia ; present arrest vagrancy. 
 
 Case, age 33, psychopathic, chronic alcoholic ; present arrest for drinking, 
 previous arrest trouble with mother-in-law, served one term in House of Correction. 
 
 Case, age 17, two arrests for speeding. 
 
 Case, age 24, dementia prsecox ; has had four arrests for robbery, stole his 
 father's auto to commit some of the thefts. 
 
 Case, age 67, senile dementia; has had eight arrests, they have been for carry- 
 ing concealed weapon, peddling without license and disorderly conduct, served 
 sentence in House of Correction. • 
 
 Case, age 30, dementia prcTcox ; has had eight arrests for indecent exposure, 
 in House of Correction six times, Dunning three years. 
 
 _ Case, age 28, dementia praxox; has had two arrests, previous arrest posing as a 
 police officer and second arrest for climbing elevated structure. 
 
 — 136 —
 
 Case, age 37, dementia prrecox ; has had two arrests, present one for obtaining 
 money under false pretense, previous one for disorderly conduct. 
 
 Case, age 33, dementia prsecox paranoides plus chronic alcoholism plus epi- 
 lepsy; has had three arrests, all for drunkenness, fighting and disorderly conduct. 
 
 Case, age 21, epilepsy; two arrests, present arrest for indecent exposure, 
 previous one for not working. 
 
 Case, age 24, dementia prcxcox plus chronic alcoholism ; present arrest, tried to 
 commit suicide. 
 
 Case, age 32, dementia pra:cox ; arrested for vagrancy; twin. 
 
 Remainder of cases disorderly conduct and not working. 
 
 Middle Grade Morons 
 Mental Diagnosis. 
 
 No. of 
 
 Average 
 
 Average 
 
 Average 
 
 Cases. 
 
 Chronological Age. 
 
 Basal Mental Age. 
 
 Total Mental Age. 
 
 18 
 
 26.33 
 
 8.0 
 
 9.77 
 
 Psychopathy. 
 
 Seven of this group were diagnosed dementia pr.ecox. three of which 
 were complicated by alcohoLism. 
 
 Six of the group of 18 were diagnosed as psychopathic constitution, three 
 of which were complicated by alcoholism, one by drug addiction. 
 
 One of the group of 18 was diagnosed as epilepsy. 
 
 One of the group of 18 was diagnosed as predementia paralytica. 
 
 Tabulation of Cases. 
 
 Case, age 21, psychopathic ; present arrest for robbery. 
 
 Case, age 23, dementia prsecox; present arrest disorderly conduct, has had 
 six previous arrests for begging, one Juvenile Court arrest for running away from 
 home; has been in St. Charles sixteen months, served sentence in House of 
 Correction. 
 
 Case, age 32, psychopathic, chronic alcoholism ; has had two arrests for 
 drinking. 
 
 Case, age 26, epileptic; present arrest for drinking, one previous arrest for 
 running away from home. 
 
 Case, age 21, psychopathic, drug a^ddict; present arrest for using drugs, takes 
 28 grains of morphine a day. 
 
 Case, age 29; present arrest for attempting housebreaking. 
 
 Case, age 19, dementia prxcox; six arrests, present one for burglary, three 
 Juvenile Court arrests; has been in Parental School fifteen months, St. Charles two 
 years, Pontiac twenty-one months. 
 
 Case, age 17, dementia praecox ; has had five arrests, two of these in Juvenile 
 Court for stealing, other arrests for burglary. 
 
 Case, age 21, psychopathic, alcoholic, chronic masturbator ; present arrest "Jack 
 the Peeper," caught several times peeping into windows. 
 
 Case, age 47, preparalytic dementia; has had two arrests, present arrest, wife 
 had him arrested for examination, previous arrest for stealing from Wells-Fargo 
 Company; has served sentence in House of Correction. 
 
 Case, age 27; two arrests, present one larceny, previous arrest for bumming 
 and not working, has served sentence in House of Correction. 
 
 Case, age 37, psychopathic ; has had three arrests for non-support, his was a 
 forced marriage, he says his wife is a prostitute. 
 
 Case, age 19, dementia p. a;cox ; three arrests for disorderly conduct. 
 
 Case, age 45, dementia pra-cox, chronic alcoholic; has had 'four arrests, one 
 when 15 years old for disorderly conduct, has been arrested since for burglary; has 
 served about fourteen years in custodial institutions in Michigan City, Indiana, and 
 in Illinois; married three times; we committed him to Psychopathic Hospital. 
 
 — 137 —
 
 No. of 
 
 Average 
 
 Average 
 
 Cases. 
 
 Chronological Age. 
 
 Basal Mental Age. 
 
 6 
 
 22.83 
 
 6.0 
 
 Case, age 36, (kniciUia pr.Tco.x, chronic alcoholic; has had three arrests for 
 ilisordcrly conduct and quarreling with family, once for beating a horse he was 
 driving and once for hitting and injuring his sister with a poker; has been in 
 Hiinning two years. . 
 
 Case, age 28, dementia prsccox, alcoholic; arrested three times, once for steal- 
 ing a horse and wagon and others for theft, served sentence in House of Correction. 
 
 Low Grade Morons 
 
 Mental Diagnosis. 
 
 Average 
 Total Mental Age. 
 
 8.1 
 
 Psychopathy. 
 One of this group was diagnosed dementia praeco.x. 
 
 Two of this group were diagnosed psychopathic constitution, one com- 
 plicated hy alcoholism. 
 
 Tabulation of Cases. 
 
 Case, age 21, psychopathic; present arrest disorderly, knocked a woman down. 
 
 Case, age 26 ; never went to school except Pontiac. 
 
 Case, age 17, dementia praecox ; present arrest larceny, previous arrest stealing 
 brass, one Juvenile Court arrest. 
 
 Case, age 18; sent to Lincoln; had lirst teotii when one year old, wet bed 
 until age six. 
 
 Case, age 28; has not worked in five years. 
 
 Case, age 27, psychopathic, alcoholic ; arrested for drinking. 
 
 Analysis of Intelligence and Psychopathy of a Group of 42 Cases, 16 Males 
 
 and 26 Females 
 Average Intelligence. 
 Males. 
 Case, age 27, dementia prrccox paranoides. 
 
 Females. 
 Case, adult, dementia prcecox katatonia with moral detect. 
 Case, age 23, dementia prsecox plus moral defect. 
 Case, age 14, physical, deaf. 
 
 High Grade Borderland Sociopaths 
 
 Males. 
 Case, age 26. 
 
 High Grade Sociopaths 
 
 Males. 
 . Case, age 20, dementia praecox. 
 
 Case, age 25, dementia praecox plus chronic alcoholism plus active lues. 
 Case, age 40, dementia praecox. 
 
 Low Grade Sociopaths 
 
 Males. 
 
 Case, age 50, psychopathic plus chronic alcoholism. 
 Case, age 29, highly psychopathic. 
 
 Case, age 35, dementia pra?cox plus chronic alcoholism, delusions of infidelity, 
 arteriosclerosis. 
 
 Females. 
 Case, age 23, psychopathic. 
 Case, age 19. psychopathic plus chronic alcoholism. 
 
 — 138 —
 
 High Grade Borderland Morons 
 
 Males. 
 
 Case, age 27, psychopathic plus chronic alcoholism. 
 
 Case, age 58, presenile dementia ; we committed him to Psychopathic Hospital. 
 
 Females. 
 Case, age 31, dementia prsecox hebephrenia. 
 
 High Grade Morons 
 
 Males. 
 Case, age 52, psychopathic constitution plus chronic alcoholism. 
 Case, age 27, psychopathic constitution plus chronic alcoholism. 
 Case, age 28, psychopathic constitution plus chronic alcoholism. 
 
 Fe>nales. 
 
 Case, age 23, manic-depressive insanity (hypomania). 
 
 Case, age 22, high grade moron. 
 
 Case, age 43, psychopathic constitution plus chronic alcoholism. 
 
 Case, age 47, phychopathic constitution plus chronic alcoholism. 
 
 Case, age 36, psychopathic constitution plus chronic alcoholism. 
 
 Case, age 27, phychopathic constitution plus chronic alcoholism. 
 
 Case, age 22, phychopathic constitution. 
 
 Middle Grade Morons 
 
 Males. 
 Case, age 38, psychopathic plus preparalytic dementia plus chronic alcoholism. 
 
 Females. 
 
 Case, age 24, middle grade moron. 
 
 Case, age 62, presenile dementia. 
 
 Case, age 67, presenile dementia. 
 
 Case, age 28, bastardy complainant, si.x months pregnant. 
 
 Low Grade Morons 
 
 Males. 
 Case, age 27, low grade moron. 
 Case, age 22, low grade moron. 
 
 Females. 
 Case, age 37, dementia praecox plus chronic alcoholism. 
 The following is a group of case.s with psycliopathic diagnoses. 
 
 Males. 
 Case, age 24, dementia pr;ecox katatonia. 
 Case, age 28, dementia pncco.x katatonia. 
 Case, age 30, dementia pnecox katatonia, also feeble-minded. 
 Case, age 38, dementia pneco.x hebephrenia. 
 
 Case, age 24, dementia pra^co.x katatonia plus chronic alcoholism. 
 Case, age 48, dementia pr?eco.x paraiftides. 
 Case, age 35, dementia pra-cox paranoides. 
 Case, age adult, dementia prsecox paranoides. 
 Case, age 40, dementia pra-cox plus chronic alcoholism. 
 Case, age 50, dementia pracco.x plus moral defect plus sex pervert. 
 Case, age 23, dementia pra?cox plus moral defect. 
 Case, age 33, dementia pra-cox plus moral defect. 
 Case, age 38, dementia prajcox plus chronic alcoholism. 
 Case, age 48, dementia prseco.x plus chronic alcoholism. 
 
 — 139 —
 
 Case, age 35, (Icmciitia jiracox plus chronic alcoholism. 
 
 Case, age 36, ficmcntia pracox hebephrenia. 
 
 Case, age 35, dementia pr.xcox hebephrenia. 
 
 Case, age 45, dementia pr.xcox hebephrenia. 
 
 Case, age 31, dementia pr.xcox hebephrenia. 
 
 Case, age 51, dementia pra;cox plus presenile dementia. 
 
 Case, age 26. dementia pra^cox hebephrenia. 
 
 Case, age 25, dementia pr.xcox hebephrenia. 
 
 Case, age 24, dementia praxox hebephrenia. 
 
 Case, age 23, dementia pra;cox hebephrenia. 
 
 Case, age 28, dementia praccox hebephrenia. 
 
 Case, age 24, dementia pr.xcox katatonia. 
 
 Case, age 42, dementia pr.xcox plus chronic alcoholism, feeble-minded. 
 
 Case, age 39, dementia prxcox plus chronic alcoholism, feeble-minded. 
 
 Case, age 17, pfropfhebephrenia plus juvenile paresis. 
 
 Case, age 19, dementia prxcox katatonia plus drug addict, confused mental 
 state. 
 
 Case, age 39, psychopathic constitution plus chronic alcoholism. 
 
 Case, age 54, psychopathic constitution plus chronic alcoholism. 
 
 Case, age 53, psychopathic constitution plus chronic alcoholism. 
 
 Case, age 30, psychopathic constitution plus chronic alcoholism. 
 
 Case, age 29, psychopathic constitution plus chronic alcoholism. 
 
 Case, age 35, psychopathic constitution plus chronic alcoholism. 
 
 Case, age 33, psychopathic constitution plus chronic alcoholism. 
 
 Case, age 32. psychopathic constitution plus chronic alcoholism. 
 
 Case, age 45, psychopathic constitution plus chronic alcoholism. 
 
 Case, age 45, psychopathic constitution plus chronic alcoholism. 
 
 Case, age 30, psychopathic constitution plus chronic alcoholism. 
 
 Case, age 33, psychopathic constitution plus chronic alcoholism. 
 
 Case, age 55, psychopathic constitution plus chronic alcoholism. 
 
 Case, age 24, psychopathic constitution plus chronic alcoholism. 
 
 Case, age 42, psychopathic constitution plus chronic alcoholism, feeble-minded. 
 
 Case, age 49, psychopathic constitution plus chronic alcoholism plus pulmonary 
 tuberculosis. 
 
 Case, age 36, psychopathic constitution plus chronic alcoholism plus delirium 
 tremens. 
 
 Case, age 50, psychopathic constitution plus chronic alcoholism plus acute ex- 
 acerbation. 
 
 Case, age 42, psychopathic constitution plus chronic alcoholism plus acute ex- 
 acerbation. 
 
 Case, age 42, psychopathic constitution plus chronic alcoholism plus acute ex- 
 acerbation. 
 
 Case, age 39, psychopathic constitution plus chronic alcoholism plus prepara- 
 lytic dementia. 
 
 Case, age 22, psychopathic constitution, simulator. 
 
 Case, age 3S, psychopathic constitution plus preparalytic dementia. 
 
 Case, age 28, psychopathic constitution. 
 
 Case, age 29, psychopathic constitution, hysterical. 
 
 Case, age 26, psychopathic constitution, hysterical plus chronic alcoholism. 
 
 Case, age 19, psychopathic constitution plus drug addict. 
 
 Case, age 68, psychopathic constitution plus drug addict. 
 
 Case, age 34, epilepsy. 
 
 Case, age 33, epilepsy. 
 
 Case, age 36, epilepsy plus drug addict. 
 
 Case, age 78, senile dementia. 
 
 Case, age 41, physical, juror seeking exemption. 
 
 Case, age 40, dementia pra^cox plus chronic alcoholism. 
 
 Case, age 68, dementia prxcox plus chronic alcoholism.' 
 
 Case, age 22, dementia praecox plus chronic alcoholism. 
 
 Case, age 49, dementia proecox plus chronic alcoholism. 
 
 — 140 —
 
 Analysis of Psychopathy with Complications 
 Males — 207 Cases 
 
 Number 
 Diagnosis. of Cases. Percentage. 
 
 Dementia praecox 64 30.91 
 
 Dementia prsccox plus chronic alcoholism 28 13.52 
 
 Dementia precox plus chronic alcoholism plus dementia 
 
 paralytica 1 0.48 
 
 Dementia praccox plus chronic alcoholism plus arteriosclero- 
 sis plus delusions of infidelity 1 0.48 
 
 Dementia pr.xcox phis chronic alcoholism plus active lues.. 1 0.48 
 Dementia pr?ccox plus chronic alcoholism plus moral defect 
 
 plus chronic masturbator 1 0.48 
 
 Dementia pra;co.x plus chronic alcoholism plus drug addic- 
 tion 1 0.48 
 
 Dementia pra-cox plus drug addiction 3 1.44 
 
 Dementia prsecox plus drug addiction plus confused mental 
 
 state 1 0.48 
 
 Dementia praccox plus moral defect 5 2.41 
 
 Dementia pra?cox plus sex pervert 4 1.92 
 
 Dementia pnxcox plus moral defect plus sex pervert 1 0.48 
 
 Dementia pr?ccox plus eflfeminate 1 0.48 
 
 Dementia precox plus passive pederast 1 0.48 
 
 Dementia precox plus chronic venereal disease 1 0.48 
 
 Dementia praecox plus presenile dementia 1 0.48 
 
 Dementia praccox plus juvenile paresis 1 0.48 
 
 Dementia praecox plus tuberculosis 1 0.48 
 
 Psychopathic constitution 26 12.56 
 
 Psychopathic constitution plus chronic alcoholism 23 11. li 
 
 Psychopathic constitution plus chronic alcoholism plus pre- 
 paralytic dementia 3 1.44 
 
 Psychopathic constitution plus chronic alcoholism plus hys- 
 teria 1 0.48 
 
 Psychopathic constitution plus alcoholism plus tuberculosis. 1 0.4S 
 P.sychop:ithic constitution plus chronic alcoholism plus de- 
 lirium tremens 1 0.48 
 
 Psychopathic constitution plus chronic alcoholism plus acute 
 
 exacerbation 3 1.44 
 
 Psychopathic constitution plus drug addiction 5 2.41 
 
 Psychopathic constitution plus drug addiction plus chorea.. 1 0.48 
 
 Psychopathic constitution plus epileptic 1 0.48 
 
 Psychopathic constitution plus hysteria 1 0.48 
 
 Psychopathic constitution plus simulator 1 0.48 
 
 Psychopathic constitution plus tuberculosis 1 0.48 
 
 Chronic alcoholism 11 5.31 
 
 Kpilepsy 5 2.41 
 
 Epilepsy plus drug addiction 1 0.48 
 
 Presenile dementia 1 0.48 
 
 Senile dementia 2 0.96 
 
 Prcdementia paralytica 1 0-48 
 
 Tuberculosis 1 0.48 
 
 — 141 —
 
 School Records — Males 
 
 
 1 
 
 -0 
 
 a 
 
 •a 
 2 
 
 1 
 
 in 
 
 I 
 
 • 
 
 
 
 
 u 
 
 O 
 
 rt 
 
 C 
 
 B 
 
 O 
 
 1 
 
 CO 
 
 
 G 
 
 •gj^ 
 
 ®^ 
 
 o 
 
 o 
 
 O 
 
 o 
 
 
 to 
 
 
 
 o 
 o 
 
 a 
 
 
 O 
 
 
 B 
 <D 
 
 
 ^1 
 
 a} 
 
 ■a 
 
 u 
 
 a 
 
 <0 
 
 -a 
 
 
 ^M 
 
 .C.2 
 
 s^S 
 
 &S? 
 
 JZt^ 
 
 
 &^ 
 
 
 
 Mo 
 
 in u 
 
 (UOiH 
 
 ■Oirt 
 
 
 <^ 
 
 
 Km 
 
 :s^ 
 
 Ss 
 
 SS 
 
 
 No. of cases 
 
 23 
 
 9 
 
 11 
 
 15 
 
 35 
 
 18 
 
 5 
 
 Average chronologi- 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 cal age 
 
 27.74 
 
 29.33 
 
 25.36 
 
 29.60 
 
 26.71 
 
 26.33 
 
 22.5 
 
 Average basal mental 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 aee 
 
 9.61 
 
 9.33 
 
 8.91 
 
 8.66 
 
 8.37 
 
 8.0 
 
 6.2 
 
 Average total mental 
 
 
 age 
 
 12.33 
 
 11.75 
 
 11.47 
 
 11.67 
 
 10.98 
 
 9.77 
 
 8.32 
 
 Average age entered 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 school 
 
 6.41 
 
 6.0 
 
 6.45 
 
 6.26 
 
 7.12 
 
 7.11 
 
 8.8 
 
 Average age left 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 school 
 
 15.19 
 
 15.0 
 
 15.0 
 
 14.46 
 
 14.88 
 
 14.0 
 
 15.0 
 
 Average grade at- 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 tained 
 
 8.0 
 
 7.5 
 
 6.2 
 
 6.62 
 
 6.0 
 
 4.53 
 
 3.0 
 
 - H2
 
 Children: 
 
 Defendants, Complaining Witnesses, or Children of Defendants 
 Males 
 
 Mental Diagnosis. 
 
 
 c5 
 
 ca 
 u 
 
 60 
 
 o 
 
 o 
 a 
 
 p 
 
 bo 
 
 C 
 <u 
 
 E 
 
 m 
 
 a 
 
 c 
 o 
 
 
 o 
 o 
 
 o 
 
 
 Remarks. 
 
 I. 
 
 9 
 
 7 
 
 8.2 
 
 
 
 
 Dementia prsecox. 
 
 11. 
 
 9 
 
 12 
 
 9 
 
 6 
 8 
 8 
 
 9.2 
 
 9.0 
 
 10.0 
 
 
 
 
 
 Ill 
 
 
 IV. 
 
 Dementia prsecox. 
 
 V. 
 
 9 
 
 7 
 
 7.4 
 
 
 
 
 Pulmonary tuberculoses. 
 
 VI. 
 
 6 
 
 5 
 
 6.2 
 
 
 
 
 
 VII. 
 
 6 
 
 6 
 
 7.4 
 
 
 
 
 Dementia prcecox katatonia; sex per- 
 vert; 1st grade in school. 
 
 \'III. 
 
 7 
 
 5 
 
 6.2 
 
 
 
 
 Feeble-minded; began school age 5 and 
 is in 1st grade. 
 
 IX. 
 
 7 
 
 5 
 
 6.8 
 
 
 
 
 Feeble-minded; began school age 5 
 and is in 1st grade. 
 
 X. 
 
 15 
 
 9-11 
 
 12.6 
 
 
 
 
 Fair average intelligence; dementia 
 prsecox, moral defect, congenital 
 lues; began school age C, now 1st 
 year high. 
 
 XI. 
 XII. 
 
 15 
 
 14 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 11.4 
 10.8 
 
 1 
 
 
 o 
 
 Low Grade Sociopath, dementia prse- 
 cox, passive pederast; began school 
 age 6, left age 14, 5th grade; uses 
 vile language. 
 
 High Grade Moron, dementia praecox. 
 
 XIII. 
 
 14 
 
 8 
 
 10.2 
 
 6—14 
 
 6 
 
 Dementia prsecox. 
 
 XIV. 
 
 11 
 10 
 
 10 
 8 
 
 12.2 
 10.0 
 
 6- 
 
 5- 
 
 -11 
 
 -10 
 
 4 
 4 
 
 
 XV. 
 
 Dementia praecox. 
 
 XVI. 
 
 9 
 15 
 
 9 
 13 
 
 9 
 
 6 
 4 
 
 7 
 8 
 
 7 
 
 9.2 
 7.8 
 7.4 
 9.0 
 8.2 
 
 8- 
 7- 
 
 7- 
 
 -15 
 
 - 9 
 
 - 9 
 
 5 
 
 sub-normal 
 room 
 
 sub-normal 
 room 
 
 
 XVII 
 
 
 XVIII. 
 
 
 XIX 
 
 
 XX. 
 
 Dementia praecox hebephrenia. 
 
 Mental Diagnosis — Females 
 
 Average Intelligence. 
 No. of Cases. Chronological Age. Basal Mental Age. 
 
 I. 28.0 9 
 
 II. 35.0 9 
 
 III. 37.0 8 
 
 Average. 33.33 
 
 8.67 
 
 Total Mental Age. 
 12.4 
 12.4 
 
 11.8 
 
 12.2 
 
 143 —
 
 Psychopathy. 
 
 Two of this group were diagnoscfl fl<nicntia prcccox, one of which was 
 complicated by clironic alcoliolism. 
 
 One of tiic group of three was diagnosed psychopathic constitution com- 
 plicated with chronic alcoholism. 
 
 Tabulation of Cases. 
 
 Case, age 28, psychopathic constitution, chronic alcoholism ; married twice, 
 divorced 'first husband; deserted her second husband, and went to live with her 
 divorced husband. 
 
 Case, age 35, dementia pra^cox plus chronic alcoholism; arrested m fight with 
 notorious thief. 
 
 Case, age 37, dementia praecox, deaf; present arrest, disorderly conduct. 
 
 High Grade Borderland Sociopaths 
 
 No. of Average Average Average 
 
 Cases. Chronological Age. Basal Mental Age. Total Mental Age. 
 
 4 19.5 9.74 11.65 
 
 Psychopathy. 
 Three of this group were diagnosed dementia pra^cox; one of which was 
 complicated by moral defect. 
 
 One of group of four was highly psychopathic. 
 
 Tabulation of Cases. 
 
 Case, age 18, highly psychopathic; had man in her room. 
 
 Case, age 18, dementia prsecox, moral defect, speech defect (lisps) ; has had 
 three arrests, present arrest stealing jewelry, two others as kleptomaniac in Juve- 
 nile Court; twice in Juvenile Detention Home; attempted suicide with morphine 
 a few days before present arrest ; she has been a somnambulist. 
 
 Case, age 21, dementia praecox paranoides; hypersexual. 
 
 Case, age 22, dementia praecox; shoplifting. 
 
 High Grade Sociopaths 
 Mental Diagnosis. 
 
 Case. Chronological Age. Basal Mental Age. Total Mental Age. 
 
 I. 19 9.0 . 12.4 
 
 11. 20 9.0 12.2 
 
 HI. 19 11.0 11.3 
 
 3 Average. 19.3 9.7 11.9 
 
 Psychopathy. 
 One of group was diagnosed dementia praecox complicated by moral 
 defect. 
 
 One was diagnosed hysteria. 
 
 Tabulation of Cases. 
 Case, age 19, high grade sociopath ; complaining witness in rape case. 
 Case, age 20, dementia praecox, moral defect ; arrested for larcenj\ 
 Case, age 19, hysteria ; arrested for stealing clothes. 
 
 Low Grade Sociopaths 
 
 Mental Diagnosis. 
 No. of Average Average Average 
 
 Cases. Chronological Age. Basal Mental Age. Total Mental Age. 
 
 4 29.5 8.5 11.4 
 
 — 144 —
 
 Psychopathy. 
 
 Two were diagnosed cases of dementia prajcox; one complicated by 
 hysteriform attacks. 
 
 Two of the group of four cases were diagnosed ps3'cliopatliic constitution; 
 one complicated by absencen. 
 
 Tabulation of Cases. 
 
 Case, age 34, psychopathic constitution ; arrested for contributing to delin- 
 quency of her children. 
 
 Case, age 37, dementia praecox ; white woman, forced marriage with a colored 
 man; has a boy, age 11, a mulatto; was pregnant when married. 
 
 Case, age 19, psychopathic constitution ; has absencen. 
 
 Case, age 28, dementia pra:cox, hysteriform attacks. 
 
 High Grade Morons 
 Mental Diagnosis. 
 
 No. of 
 
 Average 
 
 Average 
 
 Average 
 
 Cases. 
 
 Chronological Age. 
 
 Basal Mental Age. 
 
 Total Mental Age. 
 
 36 
 
 23.80 
 
 8.42 
 
 10.95 
 
 Psychopathy. 
 
 Fourteen of the group of thirtj'-si.x cases were diagnosed dementia praecox, 
 one of which was complicated by alcoholism, one bj' lues, one by venereal 
 disease, one was cretinoid, two were highly sexed. 
 
 Seven of the group of thirty-six cases were diagnosed psychopa.thic con- 
 stitution, four of which were complicated by alcoholism; one had a bad case 
 of psoriasis. 
 
 One of the group of thirty-six cases w^as a case of pseudologia phantastica. 
 
 One of the group was a case of manic-depressive insanity in the hypo-depressive 
 state. 
 
 Tabulation of Cases. 
 
 Case, age 19, psychopathic, speech defect ; present arrest, picked up on street, 
 has had a Juvenile Court arrest; has been at Geneva and House of the Good 
 Shepherd. 
 
 Case, age 16, dementia pr?ccox ; was sent in from court for examination ; she 
 had been in a hospital a year and a half ago for nervous prostration. 
 
 Case, age 20, dementia prsecox ; surrendered herself to be sent to Geneva, 
 having no place to go; she had spent three and a half years in Geneva, also two 
 years in a house of refuge. 
 
 Case, age 18, dementia praecox, lues; has been arrested three times, present 
 arrest for breaking parole, previous arrests for disorderly conduct. 
 
 Case, age 22, psychopathic, bad case of psoriasis ; soliciting, having men in her 
 room. 
 
 Case, age 20, has had three arrests, once in Juvenile Court ; has been at 
 Geneva ; she ran away from Geneva the first time, became pregnant, had an illegiti- 
 mate child, and was sent back; has had one other arrest. 
 
 Case, age 20, dementia pra?cox ; has had two arrests, present arrest for dis- 
 orderly conduct and previous one for soliciting ; her mother is insane. 
 
 Case, age 48, manic-depressive insanity, hypodepressive stage ; has been in 
 insane asylum before for seven years. 
 
 Case, age 20, has had two arrests, both for disorderly conduct. 
 
 Case, age 34, psychopathic, alcoholic; two arrests for disorderly conduct. 
 
 Case, age 35, highly psychopathic ; arrested on complaint of her neighbors for 
 quarreling. 
 
 Case, age 19, present arrest beating her board bill. 
 
 Remainder of cases arrested for disorcjerly conduct. 
 
 — 145 —
 
 Middle Grade Morons 
 Mental Diafiiiosis. 
 
 No. of Average Average Average 
 
 Caaos Chronological Age. Basal Mental Age. Total Mental Age. 
 
 11 25.45 7.91 9.47 
 
 Psychopathy. 
 
 l-".'iir «>f tliis group wcro diagnosed dementia pra-cox, two were complicated 
 
 l)y alcoliolism, one of these has lues and one is epileptic; one was complicated by 
 
 tubercular knee. 
 
 Two of the group of 1 1 were diagnosed psychopathic constitution. 
 
 Tabulation of Cases. 
 
 Case, age 19, present arrest pickpocket; she is three months pregnant illegiti- 
 mately; has been in House of Good Shepherd and in Industrial Home for six years. 
 
 Case, age 35, dementia prjecox ; alcoholic, epileptic; has notorious police 
 record ; arrested four times, once for attempted murder. 
 
 Case, age 21, two arrests for soliciting. 
 
 Case, age 45, psychopathic; shop lifter. 
 
 Case, age 19, dementia pra?cox, tubercular knee; arrested for soliciting; nine 
 months illegitimately pregnant. 
 
 Case, age 38, present arrest for adultery; has illegitimate child; has served 
 sentence in House of Correction. 
 
 Case, age 19, psychopathic; sent to Lincoln. 
 
 Low Grade Morons 
 
 Mental Diagnosis. 
 
 No. of Average Average Average 
 
 Cases. Chronological Age. Basal Mental Age. Total Mental Age. 
 
 11 21.64 6.45 8.25 
 
 Psychopathy. 
 
 Two of this group were diagnosed as dementia praecox. 
 
 Two of the group were diagnosed as psychopathic constitution, one of 
 
 which was complicated by alcoholism. 
 
 One case had hcmichorea eleven years. 
 
 Tabulation of Cases. 
 
 Case, age 21, four arrests for disorderly conduct; is illegitimately pregnant. 
 
 Case, age 19, psychopathic ; illegitimately pregnant ; had abortion. 
 
 Case, age 22, dementia praecox ; complainant in bastardy charge. 
 
 Case, age 19, dementia praecox hebephrenia, venereal disease; has been in 
 Geneva. 
 
 Case, age 18, present arrest stealing a ring. 
 
 Case, age 25, had illegitimate child a year ago and had hemichorea eleven 
 years. 
 
 ' Case, age 19, committed to Lincoln. 
 
 Remainder of cases were for disorderly conduct. 
 
 The following is a group of cases with psj-chopathic diagnosis: 
 
 Case, age 23, psychopathic constitution. 
 
 Case, age adult, psychopathic constitution plus chronic alcoholism plus feeble- 
 minded. 
 
 Case, age 49. psychopathic constitution plus drug addict. 
 
 Case, age 68, psychopathic constitution plus senile dementia. 
 
 Case, age 54, psychopathic constitution plus chronic alcoholism. 
 
 Case, age 37. psychopathic constitution plus preparalytic dementia. 
 
 Case, age 28. epilepsy. 
 
 Case, age 24, dementia praecox plus moral defect. 
 
 Case, age 25, dementia pr?ecox plus chronic alcoholism. 
 
 — 146 —
 
 Analysis of Psychopathy, \vith Complications — Females, 74 Cases 
 
 Number 
 
 Diagnosis. of Cases. Percentage 
 
 Dementia prsecox 16 21.62 
 
 Dementia praecox, hysteriform accesses 1 1.35 
 
 Dementia precox plus chronic alcoholism 5 6.75 
 
 Dementia prsecox plus chronic alcoholism plus lues 1 1.35 
 
 Dementia praecox plus lues 1 1.35 
 
 Dementia praecox plus moral defect 5 6.75 
 
 Dementia praecox plus highly sexed 2 2.70 
 
 Dementia praecox plus venereal disease 1 1.35 
 
 Dementia praecox plus epileptic 1 1.35 
 
 Dementia praecox plus cretinoid 1 1.35 
 
 Dementia praecox plus tubercular knee 1 1.35 
 
 Dementia praecox plus left-sided spastic hemiplegia 1 1.35 
 
 Psychopathic constitution 11 14.86 
 
 Psychopathic constitution plus chronic alcoholism 13 17.56 
 
 Psychopathic constitution plus drug addiction 1 1.35 
 
 Psychopathic constitution plus senile dementia 1 1.35 
 
 Psychopathic constitution plus preparalytic dementia 1 1.35 
 
 Psychopathic constitution plus absencen 1 1.35 
 
 Psychopathic constitution plus bad case of psoriasis 1 1.35 
 
 Epilepsy 1 1.35 
 
 Presenile dementia 2 2.70 
 
 Hysteria 1 1.35 
 
 Manic-depressive insanity in the hypo-depressive state 1 1.35 
 
 Manic-depressive insanity (hypomania) 1 1.35 
 
 Hemichorea eleven years 1 1.35 
 
 Low grade morons 2 2.70 
 
 School Records — Females 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ^ 
 
 65 
 
 t^ 
 
 
 
 
 High Grade 
 
 
 Low 
 
 ©■a- 
 
 2o 
 
 fll*^" 
 
 
 Average 
 
 Borderland 
 
 Higli Grade 
 
 Grade 
 
 
 •§" 
 
 
 Intelligence. 
 
 Sociopaths. 
 
 Sociopaths. 
 
 Socio- 
 
 
 o^ 
 
 
 4.28% 
 
 5.71% 
 
 4.28% 
 
 paths. 
 
 2.85% 
 
 "C c 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 bcu 
 
 ■a u 
 
 
 r 
 
 ~^. " ~ 
 
 >\. 
 
 r-^'' — N 
 
 Si 
 
 ^S 
 
 :i| 
 
 
 r 
 
 No. cases 
 
 I. 1 II. 
 
 III. 
 
 I. II. 1 III. 1 IV. 
 
 I. 1 II. 1 ni. 
 
 I. 1 II. 
 
 36 1 11 1 11 
 
 Average chron- 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ological age . . 
 
 28.0 
 
 35.0 
 
 37.0 
 
 18.0 
 
 18.0 
 
 22.0 
 
 22.0 
 
 19.0 
 
 20.0 
 
 19.0 
 
 28.0 
 
 34.0 
 
 23.8 
 
 25.45 
 
 21.64 
 
 Average basal 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 mental age . . 
 
 9.0 
 
 9.0 
 
 8.0 
 
 S.O 
 
 10.0 
 
 10.0 
 
 11.0 
 
 9.0 
 
 9.0 
 
 11.0 
 
 S.O 
 
 8.0 
 
 8.42 
 
 7.91 
 
 6.45 
 
 Average total 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 mental age . . 
 
 12.4 
 
 12.4 
 
 11.8 
 
 10.4 
 
 12.0 
 
 12.2 
 
 12.0 
 
 12.4 
 
 12.2 
 
 11.6 
 
 11.4 
 
 11.6 
 
 10.95 
 
 9.47 
 
 8.25 
 
 Average age 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 entered school 
 
 7.0 
 
 7.0 
 
 7.0 
 
 7.0 
 
 6.0 
 
 6.0 
 
 6.0 
 
 9.0 
 
 7.0 
 
 6.0 
 
 6.0 
 
 6.0 
 
 6.67 
 
 6.27 
 
 8.1 
 
 Average age 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 left school . . . 
 
 14.0 
 
 14.0 
 
 11.0 
 
 15.0 
 
 14.0 
 
 16.0 
 
 18.0 
 
 15.0 
 
 12.0 
 
 14.0 
 
 17.0 
 
 13.0 
 
 14.58 
 
 13.9 
 
 14.33 
 
 Average grade . 
 
 8.01 4.0 
 llnlre- 
 1 land 
 
 doesn't doesn't 
 know know 
 
 8.0 
 
 10.0 
 
 9.0 
 
 10.0 
 
 7.0 
 
 6.0 
 
 7.0 
 
 5.0 
 
 6.15 
 
 4.8 
 
 3.1 
 
 — 147 —
 
 Cliildrcn: Defendants. Complaining Witnesses, or Children of Defendants 
 
 Females 
 Menial Diagnosis. 
 
 
 9 
 
 CI 
 
 V 
 
 bo 
 
 •a 
 
 
 
 
 6 
 m 
 
 U 
 
 -S) 
 o 
 
 o 
 c 
 o 
 u 
 Si 
 U 
 
 a 
 
 g 
 
 -a 
 
 m 
 
 ClJ 
 
 B 
 <U 
 
 6 
 o 
 
 o 
 o 
 si 
 o 
 m 
 
 
 Remarks. 
 
 T. 
 
 6 
 
 5 
 
 6.2 
 
 
 
 Feeble-minded plus dementia prsecox. 
 Left-sided spastic hemiplegia; wets 
 herself night and day, disobedient, 
 strikes other children. 
 
 II, 
 
 16 
 
 10 
 
 11.2 
 
 u 
 
 c 
 
 ■M 
 
 Feeble-minded plus dementia prsecox. 
 Began school age 7, left age 14, 
 reached 4th grade, was in subnormal 
 room 4 years; was in Juvenile Court 
 and Home for running away from 
 home; present arrest in a flat with 
 several men. 
 
 III. 
 
 15 
 
 10 
 
 12.0 
 
 6—14 
 
 6th grade; high grade borderland 
 moron. 
 
 IV. 
 
 V. 
 VI.(Col.) 
 
 10 
 6 
 IS 
 
 7 
 4 
 8 
 
 8.2 
 
 5.0 
 
 10.0 
 
 6-15 
 
 Feeble-minded. Began school age 7, 
 is in 2nd grade. 
 
 Feeble-minded. 
 
 6th grade. 
 
 VII. 
 
 11 
 
 10 
 
 11.3 
 
 5- 
 
 -11 
 
 4th grade. 
 
 VIII. 
 
 14 
 
 9 
 
 11.0 
 
 6—14 
 
 6th grade. 
 
 148
 
 CONCLUSION 
 
 The foregoing material speaks in no uncertain terms for itself, all the 
 more so in proportion to one's experience in this field reviewed in the light 
 of such analysis as is presented here. For those less familiar with such material 
 it is to be regretted that the space limitations and nature of sucli a report as 
 this confine us to much condensation and omission of elaboration, which will only 
 allow the stressing of the main features and will prohibit a working up of many 
 other features which in their way are also significant. 
 
 Our daily run of work since these statistics were cast up, which have had 
 to be done by our limited force whenever we could snatch a few minutes, 
 now and then, from the heavy daily run of examinations which are increasing 
 as the days go by and the judges, prosecutors, probation and parole officers, 
 social workers, and the public become better acquainted with the significance 
 and usefulness of the laboratory, onlj^ goes to further demonstrate and con- 
 firm such statistics in the most unequivocal manner, in the ever-increasing 
 number of cases, the multiplication of results, not only on new cases but also 
 on the old, cumulated as the period of observation lengthens. 
 
 To refuse to profit by the insight into the conditions elucidated here, as well 
 as to draw the inevitable logical conclusions immanent thereto, is to condemn all 
 scientific and humanitarian progress in this and correlated fields to a standstill. 
 
 Briefly summarized, some of the principal lessons to be learned from these 
 studies are : 
 
 I. That delinquency and defectiveness are practically synonymous, the prin- 
 cipal forms of defectiveness being dementia praecox, psjxhopathic constitution 
 and feeble-mindedness, alone or in various combinations, psychopath}' being the 
 more active instigator, feeble-mindedness the more passive. 
 
 II. That defectiveness is also practically at the bottom of most of our de- 
 pendency, unemployability, alcoholism, asociability, wife desertion, etc. ; in fact, 
 is synonymous with sociopathology, and is undoubtedly playing an important role 
 in many other mental and physical diseases and accidents. 
 
 III. That in the matter of sociopathy, psychopathy (heredity) is an intrinsic 
 factor and environment an accessory factor. 
 
 IV. At large defectives, socially, economically, industrially, in Army and 
 Navj', are a heavy economic and social burden. In appropriate institutions, this 
 burden is to a large degree eliminated. 
 
 V. That annually, with statistical punctiliousness, there is a new quota of 
 defectives thrown on the community, that will have to be reckoned with throughout 
 their career. 
 
 VI. That these cases run true to form, whether it be in school, business, or 
 socially. 
 
 — 149 —
 
 \ II. 'I'lial our laws, piiial inslilutiuns, and suciological efforts have all handled 
 the i)roi)lem thus far oijjeclively, completely ignoring the subjective side, the 
 individual himself, with only failure to record. Sociologically, hereafter, just as 
 we have learned in medicine, we will have to "treat the case." 
 
 VIII. That new laws and institutions conforming to scientific advance are 
 demanded. 
 
 IX. That all courts should have psychopathic laboratories at the service of 
 both sides of a case. Cities should maintain laboratories, where school children 
 and others may be examined and disposition advised. By recognizing defectives 
 early, they can be committed to colonies and crime anticipated to the advantage of 
 the individual and his family, as well as society. 
 
 X. That universities should provide training along these lines in order that 
 we may have enough properly trained and equipped experts to carry on the work 
 and extend research in these fields. Brain laboratories are badly needed adjuncts. 
 Medical and law students and students of sociology should have adequate instruc- 
 tion along these lines. 
 
 The following schemata partially summarize the .'statistics of the fore- 
 going capitals and permit of a more ready survey of ilie material when thus 
 thrown together. 
 
 150 —
 
 SUMMARY OF MENTAL DIAGNOSIS AND SCHOOL RECORDS, 
 
 ALL COURTS 
 
 May 1, 1914 to April 30, 1917 
 Males 
 
 
 
 
 c 
 
 
 
 (U 
 
 0) 
 
 <v 
 
 
 
 
 o 
 
 a 
 
 ^- 
 
 
 
 ■o 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 o 
 
 0) 
 
 d 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 c <u 
 
 *J be 
 
 
 bo 
 rt 
 
 2 
 bo 
 
 Mental level. 
 
 Court. 
 
 <u 
 
 s^ — 
 
 o'* 
 
 a.=^ 
 
 ®2 
 
 
 
 
 
 to 
 
 bCcS 
 
 to- 
 
 be- 
 
 bdo 
 
 bo . 
 
 bo 
 
 
 
 o 
 
 S.- 
 
 rt £3 
 
 2*^ 
 
 rt m 
 
 go 
 
 f. 
 
 
 
 
 <U bD 
 
 <1) S 
 
 V C 
 
 <i> C 
 
 i>2 
 
 <u 
 
 
 
 o 
 
 > O 
 
 > (U 
 
 > <1> 
 
 > 5 
 
 >'S 
 
 > 
 
 
 
 ^ 
 
 <o 
 
 -5;E 
 
 <B 
 
 <bO 
 
 *»; m 
 
 <<j 
 
 Average Intelli- 
 
 Boy.s Court 
 
 166 
 
 18.83 
 
 1036 
 
 12.58 
 
 6.28 
 
 14.93 
 
 8.33 
 
 gence 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Average Intelli- 
 
 Court of Domestic 
 
 24 
 
 35.05 
 
 9.33 
 
 12.21 
 
 6.75 
 
 13.65 
 
 7.9 
 
 gence and High 
 
 Relations 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Grade Border- 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 land Sociopaths 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Average Intelli- 
 
 Morals Court 
 
 4 
 
 29.50 
 
 10.75 
 
 12.75 
 
 5.75 
 
 16.00 
 
 10.66 
 
 gence 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Average Intelli- 
 
 Outside Criminal 
 Branches 
 
 23 
 
 27.74 
 
 9.61 
 
 12.33 
 
 6.41 
 
 15.19 
 
 8.00 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 217Av.21.76 
 
 10.17 
 
 12.51 
 
 6.33 
 
 14.82 
 
 8.29 
 
 High Grade Bor- 
 derland Socio- 
 paths 
 
 High Grade Bor- 
 derland Socio- 
 paths 
 
 High Grade Bor- 
 derland Socio- 
 paths 
 
 High Grade Bor- 
 derland Socio- 
 paths 
 
 Boys Court 
 
 Court of Domestic 
 Relations 
 
 Morals Court 
 
 Outside Criminal 
 Branches 
 
 158 18.58 9.95 12.28 6.19 14.79 7.81 
 
 See above 
 
 None 
 
 2933 9.33 11.75 6.00 15.00 7.50 
 
 167 19.15 9.91 12.25 6.14 14.80 7.79 
 
 — 151
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 *j 
 
 
 
 
 
 c 
 o 
 
 u . 
 
 1 
 
 "3 
 
 0) 
 <0 
 
 « 
 
 4J 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 XX <o 
 
 
 *^ . 
 
 tc . 
 
 bo 
 
 
 
 
 "^ 
 
 •O to 
 
 ■^ to 
 
 rt-o 
 
 d 
 
 to 
 
 Mental level. 
 
 Court. 
 
 0) 
 
 '0 ^ 
 
 fl." 
 
 ««« 
 
 »;:i 
 
 « 
 
 c 
 
 
 
 
 
 Wl-3 
 
 f!5 
 
 
 buy 
 
 60 . 
 21 
 
 
 
 
 
 0) be 
 
 <u c 
 
 V c 
 
 ® C 
 
 «9 
 
 V 
 
 
 
 o 
 
 > o 
 
 > <u 
 
 > ® 
 
 > § 
 
 >•§ 
 
 > 
 
 
 
 Y. 
 
 -<o 
 
 <H 
 
 <J|S 
 
 <;S 
 
 <; 7} 
 
 < 
 
 High Grade Socio- 
 
 Boys Court 
 
 101 
 
 18.40 
 
 9.90 
 
 12.20 
 
 6.10 
 
 14.50 
 
 7.40 
 
 paths and Middle 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Grade Socio- 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 paths 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 High Grade Socio- 
 
 Court of Domestic 
 
 13 
 
 33.62 
 
 8.77 
 
 11.71 
 
 6.40 
 
 15.75 
 
 7.44 
 
 paths and Middle 
 
 Relations 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Grade Socio- 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 paths 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 High Grade Socio- 
 
 Morals Court 
 
 7 
 
 25.28 
 
 8.71 
 
 12.08 
 
 7.14 
 
 15.43 
 
 7.57 
 
 paths 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 High Grade Socio- 
 
 Outside Criminal 
 
 11 
 
 25.36 
 
 8.91 
 
 11.47 
 
 6.45 
 
 15.00 
 
 6.20 
 
 paths 
 
 Branches 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 132 
 
 18.80 
 
 9.64 
 
 12.08 
 
 6.21 
 
 14.71 
 
 7.31 
 
 Low Grade Socio- 
 paths 
 
 Low Grade Socio- 
 paths 
 
 Low Grade Socio- 
 paths 
 
 Low Grade Socio- 
 paths 
 
 Boys Court 
 
 Court of Domestic 
 Relations 
 
 Morals Court 
 
 Outside Criminal 
 Branches 
 
 133 18.80 9.50 12.06 6.20 14.70 7.20 
 
 14 33.64 8.36 11.36 6.64 14.21 6.21 
 13 23.38 9.23 11.30 6.60 14.08 7.54 
 
 15 29.60 8.66 11.67 6.26 14.46 6.62 
 
 175 21.25 9.31 11.91 6.27 14.59 6.90 
 
 High Grade Bor- 
 dei'land Morons 
 
 Boys Court 
 
 31 
 
 18.68 
 
 9.00 
 
 11.80 
 
 6.22 
 
 14.06 
 
 6.50 
 
 High Grade Bor- 
 derland Morons 
 
 Court of Domestic 
 Relations 
 
 3 
 
 33.33 
 
 9.33 
 
 11.73 
 
 6.00 
 
 14.00 
 
 6.33 
 
 High Grade Bor- 
 derland Morons 
 
 Morals Court 
 
 4 
 
 32.25 
 
 8.75 
 
 11.45 
 
 6.25 
 
 13.25 
 
 4.75 
 
 High Grade Bor- 
 derland Morons 
 
 Outside Criminal 
 Branches 
 
 None 
 38 
 
 
 
 
 
 13.71 
 
 
 
 21.27 
 
 8.97 
 
 11.73 
 
 6.20 
 
 6.30 
 
 — 152 —
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ^ 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 <i-( 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 o 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 c 
 
 >— » 
 
 r ^ 
 
 ja 
 
 
 o 
 
 
 
 
 o 
 
 
 rt 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 a> 
 
 
 cl 
 
 
 
 
 Si bl) 
 
 d iJ 
 
 O 4> 
 
 to^ 
 
 to 
 
 I-. 
 
 
 
 
 O oj 
 
 •O bo 
 
 ■>-> to 
 
 d o 
 
 
 to 
 
 Mental level. 
 
 Court. 
 
 HI 
 
 o 
 
 <o^ 
 
 a,« 
 
 «« 
 
 ?° 
 
 o 
 
 ® 
 
 
 
 VI 
 
 bCaJ 
 
 rt-- 
 
 ta- 
 
 fci3o 
 
 to^ 
 
 to 
 
 
 
 a 
 
 a o 
 
 tfirt 
 
 =^5 
 
 rt ^ 
 
 
 rt 
 
 
 
 
 tiT 
 
 t. -^ 
 
 >- ■ti 
 
 u 
 
 ^f 
 
 
 
 
 
 <X> 0£ 
 
 a C 
 
 (1) c 
 
 
 o 
 
 
 
 o 
 
 > o 
 
 > « 
 
 >■ <^ 
 
 ^ 
 
 
 
 Z 
 
 <;o 
 
 <^S 
 
 <B 
 
 •<J m 
 
 < 
 
 High Grade 
 Morons 
 
 High Grade 
 Morons 
 
 High Grade 
 Morons 
 
 High Grade 
 Morons 
 
 Boys Court 
 
 Court of Domestic 
 Relations 
 
 Morals Court 
 
 Outside Criminal 
 Branches 
 
 977 18.42 8.71 11.08 6.56 14.29 6.18 
 
 37 32.84 8.44 10.93 6.83 13.74 5.35 
 
 17 26.05 8.75 11.03 6.82 14.59 5.35 
 
 35 26.71 8.37 10.98 7.12 14.88 6.00 
 
 1,066 19.31 8.69 11.07 6.59 14.29 6.13 
 
 Middle Grade 
 Morons 
 
 Middle Grade 
 Morons 
 
 Middle Grade 
 Morons 
 
 Middle Grade 
 Morons 
 
 Boys Court 
 
 Court of Domestic 
 Relations 
 
 Morals Court 
 
 Outside Criminal 
 Branches 
 
 304 18.37 7.84 9.69 6.96 13.90 4.86 
 
 13 29.80 8.00 9.76 7.33 13.11 3.75 
 
 13 27.69 7.53 9.76 7.90 13.27 4.54 
 
 18 26.33 8.00 9.77 7.11 14.00 4.53 
 
 348 19.50 7.84 9.70 7.02 13.85 4.79 
 
 Low Grade Morons 
 Low Grade Morons 
 Low Grade Morons 
 Low Grade Morons 
 
 Boys Court 
 
 Court of Domestic 
 Relations 
 
 Morals Court 
 
 Outside Criminal 
 Branches 
 
 44 18.23 7.13 8.60 7.57 13.62 3.45 
 
 None 
 
 1 22.00 7.00 9.00 6.00 14.00 3.00 
 
 5 22.50 6.20 8.32 8.80 15.00 3.00 
 
 50 18.73 7.03 8.58 7.66 13.76 3.40 
 
 153 —
 
 SUMMARY OF MENTAL DIAGNOSIS AND SCHOOL RECORDS, 
 
 ALL COURTS 
 
 May 1, 1914 to April 30, 1917 
 Females 
 
 Mental level. 
 
 Court. 
 
 m 
 
 O) 
 
 m 
 a 
 u 
 
 6 
 
 '4, 
 
 c 
 
 s . 
 
 •ss. 
 
 a 
 
 <u to 
 > o 
 
 to 
 
 ^^ 
 
 ® c 
 
 O QJ 
 
 <0 
 <0 
 
 to . 
 
 ® 
 
 tD 
 
 © 
 
 tD . 
 
 n 
 
 4J 
 t 
 
 to 
 
 <a 
 bo 
 
 2 
 
 > 
 
 < 
 
 Average Intelli- 
 gence and High 
 Grade Border- 
 land Sociopaths 
 
 Court of Domestic 
 Relations 
 
 16 
 
 28.31 
 
 9.75 
 
 12.21 
 
 6.50 
 
 15.00 
 
 8.60 
 
 Average Intelli- 
 
 Morals Court 
 
 60 
 
 25.22 
 
 9.68 
 
 12.37 
 
 6.22 
 
 15.17 
 
 8.70 
 
 gence 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Average Intelli- 
 
 Outside Criminal 
 Branches 
 
 3 
 
 33.33 
 
 8.66 
 
 12.30 
 
 7.00 
 
 13.00 
 
 
 gence 
 
 79 
 
 26.15 
 
 9.65 
 
 12.33 
 
 6.31 
 
 15.05 
 
 8.68 
 
 High Grade Bor- 
 derland Socio- 
 paths 
 
 Court of Domestic 
 Relations 
 
 See 
 
 above 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 High Grade Bor- 
 derland Socio- 
 paths 
 
 Morals Court 
 
 29 
 
 24.14 
 
 9.86 
 
 12.30 
 
 6.17 
 
 14.70 
 
 7.45 
 
 High Grade Bor- 
 derland Socio- 
 paths 
 
 Outside Criminal 
 Branches 
 
 4 
 33 
 
 20.00 
 
 9.75 
 
 11.65 
 
 6.25 
 
 15.75 
 14.82 
 
 9.00 
 
 23.43 
 
 9.85 
 
 12.22 
 
 6.18 
 
 7.64 
 
 High and Middle 
 Grade Socio- 
 paths 
 
 Court of Domestic 
 Relations 
 
 7 
 
 28.20 
 
 9.00 
 
 11.79 
 
 6.57 
 
 13.86 
 
 6.57 
 
 High and Middle 
 Grade Socio- 
 paths 
 
 Morals Court 
 
 29 
 
 25.03 
 
 9.65 
 
 12.08 
 
 6.76 
 
 14.55 
 
 7.14 
 
 High Grade Socio- 
 paths 
 
 Outside Criminal 
 Branches 
 
 3 
 39 
 
 19.30 
 
 9.66 
 
 12.06 
 
 7.33 
 
 13.66 
 14.36 
 
 7.66 
 
 25.16 
 
 9.53 
 
 12.03 
 
 6.77 
 
 7.08 
 
 — 154
 
 Mental level. 
 
 Court. 
 
 m 
 
 41 
 
 o 
 6 
 
 h 
 
 Wo 
 
 > o 
 <o 
 
 1 .' 
 
 > Ji 
 
 Average total 
 mental age. 
 
 <u 
 
 « 
 
 be . 
 
 *^ 
 
 bOo 
 
 a. 
 
 1 
 
 to 
 
 P 
 bo 
 
 > 
 
 < 
 
 Low Grade Socio- 
 paths 
 
 Court of Domestic 
 Relations 
 
 12 
 
 29.25 
 
 9.00 
 
 11.73 
 
 7.36 
 
 13.72 
 
 6.36 
 
 Low Grade Socio- 
 paths 
 
 Morals Court 
 
 47 
 
 25.30 
 
 8.87 
 
 11.77 
 
 6.04 
 
 13.90 
 
 6.74 
 
 Low Grade Socio- 
 paths 
 
 Outside Criminal 
 Branches 
 
 2 
 61 
 
 36.00 
 
 8.00 
 
 11.50 
 
 6.00 
 
 15.00 
 '13.90 
 
 6.00 
 
 26.22 
 
 8.87 
 
 11.75 
 
 6.30 
 
 6.64 
 
 High Grade Bor- 
 derland Morons 
 and High Grade 
 Morons 
 
 Court of Domestic 
 Relations 
 
 61 
 
 29.58 
 
 8.74 
 
 11.42 
 
 7.02 
 
 13.92 
 
 5.80 
 
 High Grade Bor- 
 derland Morons 
 and High Grade 
 Morons 
 
 Morals Court 
 
 338 
 
 24.99 
 
 8.48 
 
 10.90 
 
 6.67 
 
 14.50 
 
 6.50 
 
 High Grade Bor- 
 
 Outside Criminal 
 Branches 
 
 36 
 435 
 
 23.80 
 
 8.42 
 
 10.95 
 10.97 
 
 6.67 
 
 14.58 
 14.42 
 
 6.15 
 
 and High Grade 
 Morons 
 
 25.53 
 
 8.51 
 
 6.72 
 
 6.38 
 
 Middle Grade 
 Morons 
 
 Court of Domestic 
 Relations 
 
 12 
 
 30.78 
 
 7.57 
 
 9.50 
 
 7.00 
 
 13.50 
 
 3.66 
 
 Middle Grade 
 Morons 
 
 Morals Court 
 
 73 
 
 26.11 
 
 7.71 
 
 9.66 
 
 7.17 
 
 14.03 
 
 4.76 
 
 Middle Grade 
 
 ATnrnriQ 
 
 Outside Criminal 
 Branches 
 
 11 
 96 
 
 25.45 
 
 7.91 
 
 9.47 
 
 6.27 
 
 13.90 
 13.95 
 
 4.80 
 
 
 26.50 
 
 7.71 
 
 9.62 
 
 7.04 
 
 4.63 
 
 Low Grade Morons 
 
 Court of Domestic 
 Relations 
 
 None 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Low Grade Morons 
 
 Morals Court 
 
 27 
 
 27.20 
 
 6.50 
 
 8.50 
 
 6.51 
 
 13.32 
 
 3.53 
 
 Low Grade Morons 
 
 Outside Criminal 
 Branches 
 
 11 
 38 
 
 21.64 
 
 6.45 
 
 8.25 
 
 8.10 
 
 14.33 
 'l3.60 
 
 3.10 
 
 
 25.90 
 
 6.48 
 
 8.43 
 
 6.96 
 
 3.38 
 
 — 155
 
 Wox 
 
 
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 157
 
 As lias hvvu saiil before, tlic girl delinquent is the female equivalent of 
 the boy delinquent; there is a direct correlation between the two. It is homo- 
 geneous delinquent material. The following comparison of the mental group- 
 ings of the two illustrates the point clearly. 
 
 
 
 High Grade 
 
 High and Middle 
 
 
 
 Average 
 
 Borderland 
 
 Grade 
 
 Low Grade 
 
 
 Intelligence. 
 
 Sociopaths. 
 
 Sociopaths. 
 
 Sociopaths. 
 
 
 
 i 
 
 
 
 § 
 
 
 
 § 
 
 
 
 g 
 
 
 
 
 
 s 
 
 n 
 
 
 & 
 
 B 
 
 d 
 
 i& 
 
 m 
 
 « 
 
 & 
 
 
 1 
 
 £ 
 
 •g 
 
 2 
 
 1 
 
 o 
 
 •s 
 
 a 
 S 
 
 u 
 
 •s 
 
 a 
 S 
 
 1 
 
 S 
 
 ft 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 o 
 
 
 
 o 
 
 S; 
 
 
 £ 
 
 ^ 
 
 % 
 
 
 Z 
 
 ■< 
 
 6 
 
 Z 
 
 < 
 
 Ph 
 
 z 
 
 -<1 
 
 (U 
 
 ^ 
 
 •«) 
 
 0< 
 
 Males: 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Boys Court 
 
 183 
 
 18.83 
 
 9.19 
 
 177 
 
 18.58 
 
 8.88 
 
 102 
 
 18.40 
 
 5.12 
 
 138 
 
 18.80 
 
 6.% 
 
 Females : 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 Morals Court. . . 
 
 70 
 
 25.22 
 
 10.20 
 
 38 
 
 24.14 
 
 5.54 
 
 44 
 
 25.031 6.41 
 
 46 
 
 25.03 
 
 6.70 
 
 
 High Grade 
 
 
 
 
 
 Borderland 
 
 
 
 
 
 Morons and 
 
 Middle Grade 
 
 Low Grade 
 
 Idiots and 
 
 
 High Grade 
 
 Morons. 
 
 Morons. 
 
 Imbeciles. 
 
 
 Morons. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 § 
 
 
 
 s 
 
 
 
 S 
 
 
 
 § » 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 So 
 
 
 
 So 
 
 
 « s 
 
 
 1 
 
 a 
 
 o 
 
 1 
 
 s 
 
 03 
 
 i 
 
 s 
 
 ed 
 
 ^ 
 
 1 s 
 
 
 o 
 
 
 « 
 
 u 
 
 
 s 
 
 
 s 
 
 8 
 
 u 
 
 £ 
 
 R 
 
 
 o 
 
 & 
 
 
 5 
 
 s 
 
 
 o 
 
 
 
 o 
 
 s: 
 
 !S 
 
 
 z 
 
 < 
 
 h 
 
 ^ 
 
 < 
 
 b 
 
 Z 
 
 •«1 
 
 £ 
 
 z 
 
 ■o 
 
 (U 
 
 Males : 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Boys Court 
 
 1,082 
 
 18.42 
 
 54.32 
 
 235 
 
 18.37 11.80 
 
 73 
 
 18.23 
 
 3.66 
 
 2 
 
 20.00 
 
 0.1 
 
 Morals Court.. . 
 
 368 
 
 25.53 
 
 53.64 
 
 87 
 
 26.11 12.68 
 
 32 
 
 27.20 
 
 4.66 
 
 1 
 
 
 0.14 
 
 It will also be seen in comparing the chronological ages of both groups 
 in the foregoing scheme that in spite of an advantage of approximately over 
 six years chronologically on the side of the girls, yet the mental ages remain 
 unchanged, thereby illustrating the important fact that the mental arrest is 
 static in these cases. A comparison of the chronological ages with the various 
 mental levels of the diflferent court groups also brings this out. The static mental 
 level registers our intellectual capital throughout life and whatever we put into life 
 or get out of it in this respect, presuming there is a corresponding complemental 
 affectivity. will depend directly on this level. Whatever we do in life is an innate 
 matter and is but an expression primarily of the above two factors, intelligence and 
 aflfectivity. 
 
 As a further confirmation of the homogeneity of this material we append 
 a comparison of the school standing of both groups. 
 
 — 158
 
 
 Average 
 Intelligence. 
 
 High Grade 
 Borderland 
 Sociopaths. 
 
 High and Middle 
 
 Grade 
 
 Sociopaths. 
 
 Low Grade 
 Sociopaths. 
 
 
 
 •§ 
 
 E 
 s, 
 
 d 
 
 < 
 
 1 
 
 
 No. cases. 
 Average grade. 
 
 1 
 
 4 
 
 I 
 
 •< 
 
 Males : 
 
 Boys Court 
 
 Females : 
 
 Morals Court. . . 
 
 166 8.33 
 60 8.70 
 
 158 
 29 
 
 7.81 
 7.45 
 
 101 7.40 
 
 29 1 7.14 
 
 133 
 47 
 
 7.20 
 6.74 
 
 
 High Grade 
 
 
 
 
 Borderland 
 
 
 
 
 Morons and 
 
 Middle Grade 
 
 Low Grade 
 
 
 High Grade 
 
 Morons. 
 
 Morons. 
 
 
 Morons. 
 
 
 
 
 
 o 
 
 
 
 
 » 
 
 
 
 •a 
 
 
 •o 
 
 
 fl 
 
 
 
 
 
 a 
 
 
 
 
 
 a 
 
 
 & 
 
 
 b 
 
 
 1 
 
 s 
 
 i 
 
 3 
 
 i 
 
 S 
 
 
 V 
 
 
 o 
 
 
 
 1.1 
 
 
 o 
 
 
 o 
 
 
 o 
 
 g 
 
 
 » 
 
 < 
 
 ^ 
 
 < 
 
 ^ 
 
 •< 
 
 Alales: 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Boys Court 
 
 1,008 
 
 6.19 
 
 304 
 
 4.86 
 
 44 
 
 3.85 
 
 Females : 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Morals Court. . . 
 
 338 
 
 6.50 
 
 73 
 
 4.76 
 
 27 
 
 3.50 
 
 The following table shows a somewhat similar, though not so marked, 
 homogeneity of the material seen between the females of the Domestic Rela- 
 tions and outside courts. 
 
 
 
 High Grade 
 
 High and Middle 
 
 
 
 Average 
 
 Borderland 
 
 Grade 
 
 Low Grade 
 
 
 Intelligence. 
 
 Sociopaths. 
 
 Sociopaths. 
 
 Sociopaths. 
 
 
 
 
 & 
 
 
 i 
 
 & 
 
 a! 
 
 i 
 
 1 
 
 
 § 
 
 1 
 
 a 
 8 
 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 3 
 
 
 & 
 
 1 
 
 i 
 
 1 
 
 8 
 
 i 
 
 § 
 
 
 o 
 
 g 
 
 
 o 
 
 S 
 
 
 o 
 
 
 
 o 
 
 s 
 
 
 
 ?. 1 < 
 
 Ph 
 
 5S 
 
 •«! 
 
 h 
 
 A 
 
 < 
 
 cu 
 
 'A 
 
 < 
 
 ^4 
 
 Females : 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Court of Domes- 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 tic Relations. . 
 
 9 28.31 4.47 
 
 21 
 
 28.31 
 
 10.44 
 
 8 
 
 28.20 
 
 3.98 
 
 13 
 
 29.25 
 
 6.46 
 
 Females : 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Outside Crim- 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 inal Branches 
 
 3 133.33 4.17 
 
 4 
 
 20.00 
 
 5.55 
 
 3 
 
 19.30 
 
 4.17 
 
 4 
 
 36.00 
 
 5.55 
 
 159
 
 
 High Grade 
 
 norderland 
 
 Morons and 
 
 High Grade 
 
 Morons. 
 
 Middle Grade 
 Morons. 
 
 Low Grade 
 Morons. 
 
 
 d 
 55 
 
 1 
 1 
 
 a 
 
 i 
 
 d 
 
 % 
 
 to 
 
 2 
 
 g 
 
 < 
 
 i 
 1 
 
 i 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 i 
 
 0) 
 
 Females : 
 Court of Domes- 
 tic Relations.. 
 
 99 
 
 29.58 
 
 49.25 
 
 28 
 
 30.78 
 
 13.93 
 
 21 
 
 28.26 
 
 10.44 
 
 Outside Crim- 
 inal Branches 
 
 36 
 
 23.80 
 
 50.00 
 
 11 
 
 24.45 
 
 15.28 
 
 11 
 
 21.64 
 
 15.28 
 
 In some instances it will be seen that the average total mental age of 
 certain groups tends to run lower than the arbitrary boundaries set for such 
 groups. This is due to the presence of many prsecox cases more or less out- 
 spokenly katatonic, with marked resistance, negativism, etc., who in spite 
 of excellent intelligence make a poorer showing on the Binet-Simon scale 
 than their real intelligence would justify. We, however, for technical reasons, 
 carry out the test and mark it with always the same uniformity, at the same 
 time noting such disturbing factors. With these data and our other tests we 
 are able to circumvent this imperfection of the Binet-Simon scale. It is only 
 necessary to test an intelligent individual when he is more or less katatonic, 
 resistant, negative, etc., and again when he is not, to see what a difference 
 it makes in his scoring on the Binet-Simon and similar scales. Such scales 
 likewise do not dififcrentiate between the amentia of feeble-mindedness, for 
 instance, and the dementia of a paretic, though there may be all the difference 
 in the world between the two conditions. The latter may have been an in- 
 dividual of the highest attainments, but because of his disease, with its dementing 
 processes, he would make a poorer and poorer showing on such scales, pari passu 
 with the progress of the disease, and as far as quantitative scoring goes would 
 make a showing corresponding to the various degrees of amentia of those who 
 never had minds. There are also qualitative dififerences on the scale between 
 these conditions that help to dififcrentiate them, all of which facts, among other 
 indications, admonish us of the necessity that all those giving tests should be 
 trained in their technique by psj'chopathologists. 
 
 In this report we have only included cases of psychopathy when the 
 symptoms were fairly outspoken. In future reports we will also include those 
 diagnosed as dementia pra;cox simplex, or predementia praecox, or so-called latent 
 dementia praecox. 
 
 The conclusions that we draw from our daily intimate contact and study 
 are briefly discussed in the following pages. Expressed in general terms, 
 we are more and more convinced that psychopathy determines crime and 
 intelligence defect the nature of it; by psychopathy we mean more especially 
 psychopathic constitution, dementia pra;cox and pfropfhebephrenia, though 
 paresis and much more rarely epilepsy also play a role in a small percentage 
 of cases. "The Relation of Pfropfhebephrenia and Dementia Praecox to 
 Crime" was discussed by us in a paper read at the annual meeting of Alienists 
 
 — 160 —
 
 and Neurologists, in July, 1915, which appeared in the October number, 1915, 
 of the Illinois Medical Journal. 
 
 Feeble-mindedness is also responsible for a certain percentage of crime. 
 The feeble-minded are easily led and they are more in the nature of passive 
 criminals, in contrast to the prrccox, whom we may regard in the light of 
 more active criminals ; that is, psychopathy more actively determines crime 
 and feeblemindedness determines it more passively. Many of our prsecox boys 
 and girls are repeated delinquents, which is not true to nearly the same extent 
 of the feeble-minded, who are almost always activated by economic difficulties, 
 or led by others. Those with combined defect are indeed bad off, the blind 
 leading the blind. We are, therefore, able to predict that, with the exception 
 of the lightest grade cases of dementia pr.Tcox and the higher grades of the 
 feeble-minded who make up the occasional criminal, the others are all marked 
 for failure. They cannot adjust themselves to a normal environment; their 
 plight is just that much worse if they are both feeble-minded and prrecox. 
 This of course is only true if they are thrown out on the world and placed 
 on their own resources and responsibility. In a protected or semi-prDtected 
 environment, depending on the degree of defect (there being many degrees 
 and combinations), it may never come to the place where they get into the 
 toils of the law, though we have known of the most highly respected per- 
 sonages of the greatest talents and intellectual abilities who secretly carried 
 on unmentionable practices (which symptom is very common with the prjecox) 
 and questionable enterprises, but in one way or another have been able to 
 circumvent the law. We have been able to follow the offspring in many 
 instances of these men and women, and while a certain perc(.*nlage were not 
 confined to asylums, but in many cases should have been, others were so bad 
 that they spent most of their lives there. 
 
 The dementia pra?cox question is one of the most portentous socially, 
 economically and criminally, that civilization has to deal with. It is not only 
 responsible for much of the work of the criminal branches of our courts, but 
 also for a great deal of that in our civil branches. It is responsible for 
 a goodly number of divorces; many of the divorcees coming before the 
 courts of Conk County have already been in one of the specialized branches 
 of the Municipal Court, chiefly the Domestic Relations Branch. We get 
 numerous requests to go to other courts to testify in divorce and other civil 
 cases on the results of examinations made on one or the other or both parties, 
 in some instances on examinations made as much as three years previously. 
 The dementia praecox querulans cases in the courts are becoming better known 
 and oftener recognized. These individuals will start as high as twenty- 
 five and even a hundred dififerent law suits, spending months and even years, 
 squandering the savings of years of toil in trying to attain redress for imaginary 
 wrongs and injustices. Lawyers are beginning to recognize them and con- 
 scientious lawyers have had us examine their clients on several occasions. 
 Praecox cases come into court for all sorts of warrants, from white slavery 
 to breach of promise, but the judges, court attaches and prosecuting attorneys 
 are beginning to recognize this type, and send them to the laboratory. When 
 their suspicions are confirmed they turn the cases away and save the city and 
 state considerable expense, to say nothing of the embarrassment and cost to 
 the innocent victim. The Army and Navy have their hands full witli their 
 praecox cases, not always recognized as such. Praecox cases are responsible for 
 much of life's friction. 
 
 — .161 —
 
 Our lai-KC |)liiI:iiillir()|)io foimdalioii;, .slwuild put tlie strongest men they can 
 get to work on tliis problem, medical men who are thoroughly familiar with 
 neurology, psychiatry and psychology, who have lived in institutions for the 
 feeble-minded and insane, and are fitted to undertake such important work. 
 The feeble-minded question is also important, though not nearly so much so 
 as the pra-cox; they should be studied together as they have much in common 
 and are so often found combined. 
 
 The heredity studies of the laboratory demonstrate that sources of psycho- 
 pathic constitution, dementia przecox and feeble-mindedness are practically 
 always hereditary. This is the case even where we find feeble-mindedness 
 which might be attributed to an injury or infection, for there is every reason 
 to believe, unless the injury or infection was unusually severe, that the normal 
 factors of safety were lacking in that particular nervous tissue. The causes 
 of these momentous factors which we are finding from our studies to be at 
 the bottom of all of the fundamental crimes, of dependency, alcoholism, deser- 
 tion of wife and family, etc., should be investigated. It is not enough just to 
 say it is hereditary. Research on the brain along these lines should be 
 established. One of the prolific original hereditary sources in this country 
 which we think makes itself felt to this day even, was the large percentage 
 of delinquents deported to this country during the days of colonization. At 
 that time thousands of such unfortunates were deported to America yearly; 
 vagrants, ne'er-do-wells, women of the streets and boys and girls of the 
 slums and alleys. The wretched history and failures of these unfortunates in try- 
 ing to establisli themselves here and in convict colonies in other countries leads to 
 but one conclusion, that then as now delinquency and defectiveness were synony- 
 mous. Psychiatrists should examine all immigrants for the psj'choses and feeble- 
 mindedness as there is every reason to believe that the percentage of immigrants 
 with such heredity who have been unloaded upon this country is quite high. 
 
 The question of nature versus nurture, of heredity versus environment, 
 is still occupying the attention of numerous investigators. The work of the 
 laboratory convinces us more and more that the hereditary constitutional 
 make-up of the individual is intrinsic to the question of criminality, dependency, 
 alcoholism, etc., and environment is only extrinsic. We have discussed this 
 somewhat more fully than the limits of this report will allow us to do in an 
 address on "Psychiatry and Sociology" given before the Alienists and Neu- 
 rologists at their annual meeting, July, 1917, and published in the October, 
 1917, number of The Journal of Sociologic Medicine. 
 
 The environmentalists have made the same mistake as the law ; they have 
 delved into everything of an objective nature, but have totally neglected the 
 subjective side, the individual himself, the one that it is all about. The mass 
 of detail, all of an objective nature, collected by many social organizations, is 
 tremendous, representing year,s of labor and energy and large sums of money, 
 but all to no avail. They can tell you how many saloons and poolrooms there 
 are to a block, how many back rooms and how many front rooms. After the 
 psychopathologist has examined a case, the environment and habits and 
 possibilities can be much better predicted and approximated in all 'directions 
 beyond anything that can compare with it by the objective method. 
 
 One prominent social worker attributed practically all crime, dependency. 
 family desertion, alcoholism, irregular employment, idleness and the like to 
 low wages, suggesting as a panacea for all these, higher wages. There are 
 
 — 162 —
 
 very lew, indeed, but would like U) see larger iiicuiiies assured to these un- 
 fortunates, but first of all a conservator should be appointed, as every ex- 
 perienced social worker knows how little such persons are able to manage 
 their affairs with any prudence. There are whole groups of firms which prey 
 on the mentallj' defective, gew-gaw houses, loan sharks, installment houses 
 and others. Some exist more or less exclusively on them. Organizations and 
 the professions are not entirely free of such conduct either. The defectives 
 are exploited from every angle and under every guise and disguise. 
 
 Such a scheme, however, if the findings of the laboratory are correct, will 
 only take care of a small percentage of dependency and is more or less imprac- 
 ticable, and it will not eliminate the other undesirable features. At most it 
 can only eliminate a very small percentage of crime due exclusively to an 
 economic cause in a defective individual; it will not eliminate that other large 
 percentage which is due to dementia prxcox and feeblc-mindedness per se : 
 it will not eliminate idleness, alcoholism^ etc. 
 
 The debtors' prison, indigenous to England and transplanted to our soil, 
 but now happily extinct, was a rendezvous for the feeble-minded and praecox. 
 though unfortunately prototypes similarly inhuman have taken their place. 
 Mental defectives furnish much of the material that goes to fill our daily 
 papers. It would advance the cause of behavior psychology and sociopatho- 
 logy very much if the papers would also publish the diagnoses. 
 
 Environment is man-made, made by dominants for dominants, with little 
 consideration for the recessives who are represented in the population numer- 
 ically at about two per cent, but in the matter of cost in taxes at anj-wliere 
 from twenty-five to fifty per cent, which only covers the public institutions for 
 the insane and feeble-minded. It is hard to estimate their cost in indirect 
 taxation such as the police and detective forces, courts, prisons, jails, reform- 
 atories, the various eleemosynary institutions, etc. Then there is their waste 
 and damage industrially and elsewhere, and the general friction and disorder 
 and accidents for which they are responsible. Environment being man-made, 
 by dominants for dominants, and consequently fitting them, gives them a 
 relative degree of freedom which is denied the recessives on whom it exerts 
 restrictions, whom it relatively determines. We have seen a comparative but 
 an attenuated example of such dominancy in another field in the way of oppres- 
 sions, exactions, proscriptions, inhibitions, etc.. before women became 
 emancipated. It will now be interesting to see if the latter will reverse the 
 rule and stoop down and extend the hand of help to others in a like predica- 
 ment in another sphere, but many many times worse off and helpless, and try 
 to bring light and understanding into their lives appropriate to their particular 
 needs. 
 
 We see the positive criminal element in the defectives when we study them 
 in childhood, in their y(nmgest, tcnderest years. We are consulted almost 
 daily by parents and guardians having children five or six years old who are 
 incorrigible. They are typical prsecox children, some with intelligence defect, 
 many without or only qualitatively present, cases whose mental arrest will 
 set in much later. Many of these children are raised in the most favorable 
 environment possible. Invariably there is an all-sufficient heredity to account 
 for it. We will see these cases in the same household with brothers and 
 sisters who, through the working of recessive and dominant heredity factors, 
 may be normal and a blessing to their parents. Where both parents are 
 defective, we find all the children defective We have seen adopted children 
 
 — 163 —
 
 witli l)a(l luTodity raised amid tlic most desirable envirunmcnt turn out l^idly, 
 raised as they are in many instances in tlic same surroundings alongside of 
 children with good heredity who turned out well. No child should be adopted 
 without first being certified to for it only leads in the end, in the vast majority 
 of cases, to heartaches for the child as well as the foster parents. Adoption 
 is a highly commendable practice where the children are normal. 
 
 Mental defectiveness is hereditary and constitutional and consequently 
 not amenable to our preachings, asylums, hospitals, reformatories and peniten- 
 tiaries. Medicine is realizing more and more every day that her success lies 
 in prevention more than cure. We have yet but few specifics, and of all 
 refractory fields of treatment that of mental diseases is undoubtedly the worst. 
 About twenty-five per cent of admissions to insane asylums are made up of 
 paretics, all of whom die on an average within a year or a year and a half of 
 admission. Sixty-five per cent of the inmates of insane asylums are dementia 
 pra;cox cases, though the admission rate is much below this, which goes to 
 show how few are paroled, to say nothing of cure. The balance are made 
 up of senile dements, who are permanent custodial cases, manic-depressives 
 who are in and out, epileptics, etc. 
 
 The remarks of a recent writer in regard to medicine might equally well 
 apply to law, namely, that it was "born in ignorance, nourished on super- 
 stition, clotted with mysterious rites and ceremonies; medicine has had a hard 
 task to free itself from hereditary and environmental influences." Psycho- 
 logically a hopeless stage is prerequisite to a hopeful stage. It is always darkest 
 just before the dawn and the day that was most hopeless for medicine, the daj- 
 it realized its impotency before disease, was the day preventive medicine was 
 born and medicine became a science and was given a firm footing and future. 
 
 The same will be true of criminology. The day we recognize our limita- 
 tions in the matter of eliminating crime by our present methods of locking the 
 stable after the horse is stolen, so we too, like medicine, will face the true 
 facts, drop our subterfuges and acknowledge our impotency in this direction, 
 seek the truth and thus place criminology on a firm, scientific basis, assure 
 healthy progress and attain "preventive delinquency." We use the latter word 
 to emphasize the fact that while it is an inclusion of the law, intrinsically it 
 is a matter of psychopathy. We must ever bear in mind that each year a new 
 quota of defectives are born with statistical regularity, they pass through the 
 hands of parents, then the pedagogues, the theologians, the physicians, the 
 social workers, the employers, the courts, the prisons, and back on society, 
 each one in turn passing them up to the next, and no one willing to acknowl- 
 edge their impotency in the face of mental defectiveness. 
 
 The older forensic psychiatry could not help but be in disrepute, for it 
 was illogical and fundamentally wrong. Its aim was to find a man irresponsible 
 and then set him free; to turn a man loose that they had just declared to be 
 irresponsible. The idea was also to evade the alternative commitment to an 
 asylum wherever possible. None the less absurd was the custom in an un- 
 fortunately large percentage of instances, of a court of laymen trying the 
 experts and their findings, each side laying itself out to be "smarter" than 
 the other. In Illinois where the jury is judge of both fact and law, we hear 
 constant protests against it, and with justice, from the bar. The latter should 
 therefore bear more with the protests of the physician along the same lines. 
 
 — 164 —
 
 Judge Scully, who was on the Municipal Court Judges' Coniniittce that 
 assisted Chief Justice Olson in the establishment of the Psychopathic Labora- 
 tory, and was the first judge of the Boys Court and the first in the court to 
 work with the laboratory, clearly perceived the necessity for expert advice in 
 matters of psychopathology and therefore, recognizing the incongruity of hav- 
 ing a lay jury pass on cases of mental alienation, one of his first innovations 
 after taking his seat as County Judge was to change this custom and select 
 experts instead for this important work. P'ven in the simplest manual trades 
 specialization is recognized and trades unions have a law that will not allow 
 a man trained in one line to undertake work in another, which in nine cases 
 out of ten he would bungle. The principle involved here is sound. Something 
 similar will have to be evolved for the professions if men continue to seize 
 positions to which they are not entitled, either by training or experience, 
 bringing discredit not only on the profession but eventually on themselves. 
 
 Modern psychiatry overcomes the first illogicality, previously mentioned, 
 of the present "expert" system by recognizing that the very fact of declaring 
 a man irresponsible automatically declares him to be in need of custodial care 
 or, rarely, supervision, and in consequence we have the present movement for 
 the right kind of institutions, such as farm colonies, to help advance this cause. 
 The second objection is overcome by the continental method in which the 
 expert examines the case and then renders a written report to the court. If 
 the court is not satisfied with this report for any reason an examination by a 
 second expert may be called for and if these disagree a third can be called 
 on as final referee. In the hundreds of cases, however, in which I was either 
 directly or indirectly interested, I only knew of two instances where a third 
 referee had to be called upon. This procedure puts the expert on permanent 
 record, it saves endless hours for all concerned and much expense, to say 
 nothing of the furtherance of justice. It will be physically impossible for the 
 director of a laboratory that is at all busy to hang around different courts 
 waiting for a case to be called, perhaps in courts in various parts of the city. 
 After the first batch was examined be would soon have no cases to report on, 
 due to extended absences from the laboratory. 
 
 The state is always financially able to engage experts, but the vast ma- 
 jority of cases coming into our criminal courts, be their cause ever so just, be 
 they ever so irresponsible and in need of hospital care, cannot afford the 
 experts necessary to assure them justice. The psychopathic laboratory puts 
 the rich and poor on an equality in securing justice along these lines, as well 
 as furnishing medical examinations and certificates for the innumerable 
 occasions in which they are called for in court. It is a great saving to the 
 public as these resources are at the command of both sides equally. 
 
 For the sake of justice such laboratories should be operated in connection 
 with all court systems. The plan has many other advantages. It can settle 
 the numerous medical questions constantly arising in the course of lawsuits, 
 thereby expediting justice and preventing unnecessary delays and continuances. 
 It can suggest treatment, hospitals, etc., advise the judge as to the status of 
 mental cases, whether or not they are ready for commitment, and to commit 
 those in need of it. We have committed as high as ten cases a day. The 
 saving in cost of trials, life and property to the city on the cases committed 
 by the laboratory each week cannot be reckoned in money — put it on such 
 a basis, it is much more than the cost of the laboratory for a year. The 
 
 — 165 —
 
 ljr«)cc(liire cf rciKkTiiiK wrUHii ifijnrls '>n ca-cs l)otli in the Municipal Court 
 ;ukI other courts is working very satisfactorily. It undoubtedly is the solution 
 of the medical expert problem, and should be extended to other branches. It 
 has worked satisfactorily on the Continent for years. 
 
 The services of a physician arc daily in demand for first aid and emergency 
 treatment in large court systems where thousands of people congregate daily 
 luiilir the most trying of circumstances. 
 
 Not the least of the many fields of usefulness of the psychopathological 
 laboratory will be its contributions to legislation concerning human conduct 
 and relationships. Such human laboratories are essentially necessary for 
 intelligent data on which to base future social legislation. Medicine at one 
 lime treated diseased individuals as the law does its criminals now, under an 
 objective blanket scheme of cure, the fallacy of which was eventually dis- 
 covered, just as we are discovering it in law, and the watchword became "treat 
 the case," "treat the individual," which was the preliminary step to the adop- 
 tion of "preventive medicine," just as it is leading in its turn to "preventive 
 law," or preferably, "preventive delinquency." 
 
 Many of the suggestions trought forth in this report may seem to be, 
 or are, in conflict with our present laws but we want to go on record as having 
 the highest respect for the law, and appreciation of its raison d'etre, especially 
 where it is based on intelligent premises, even though it be not always perfect, 
 so long as the bases on which it is founded are the last word obtainable on 
 the subject. We think one of the big mistakes that is being propagated in the 
 law, especially in the matter of what is known as forensic psychiatry, is that 
 practically all the efforts of committees and individuals that have been working 
 for betterment in this field have made the existing laws basic to their efforts 
 as though they were the most scientific and advanced development in the 
 various correlated sciences that underlj' them, as though they were the last 
 word on the subject, the ultima Thulc, when as a matter of fact they are quite 
 the contrary, and thus we see them striving and straining, twisting and turning, 
 struggling to square up modern scientific knowledge with the archaic and 
 obsolete encumbrances of spirit and tradition of the ancients, to bring the 
 newer scientific knowledge into harmony with the old largely unscientific 
 accumulation, as though men were made for laws and not the laws for men, 
 as though they were above and beyond men and not of and for men. 
 
 Whether it is in the organic world or the inorganic we are beginning to 
 realize through costly experience that we cannot depose natural phenomena 
 by our will, be it as forceful as you please. We have therefore proceeded in 
 our investigations without the present law as our monitor, concerning our- 
 selves principally with its basic problems. 
 
 It was a naive turn of mind that led many of the old-time physicians to 
 believe in medicine and more medicine, that if a small dose would do some 
 good, larger doses would do good in proportion; scientific medicine, through 
 research and the controlled experiment of the laborator}% shows that the 
 underlying laws and principles are not so simple and convenient as such a 
 principle would be. Intuitive thinking has its place, but attempting to reason 
 by means of our feelings leads us often very far astray. Those of us who 
 are anxious to improve the laws, who are doing laboratory experiment and 
 research in this field, realize that it is not law and more law that is the 
 solution of our problems, but that the principles involved are here too not so 
 
 — 166 —
 
 I 
 
 simple and require intelligent investigation and understanding for their formu- 
 lation and promulgation. Our laws, customs, morals, etc., are but reflections of 
 ourselves, — the mass. They make everything after their own image and likeness, 
 not excepting the Omnipotence. The antidote to this is more play for science and 
 specialization. 
 
 No laws dealing with sociological affairs should be enacted by the legis- 
 lature before they have been submitted, approved, or amended by a committee 
 of paid experts, representing the fields of law, medicine, especially psycho- 
 pathology, sociology, etc. Thus will much of our present difficulty in the 
 matter of law, its inefficacy, etc., be anticipated. Social laws should be reviewed 
 in the light of advancing knowledge in correlated and basic fields, and keep 
 pace with it as often as is consistent with sufficient stability, thus will the 
 scientific administration of justice be encouraged. 
 
 After all, the problem is primarily and essentially a (juestion of psycho- 
 pathology. The correlations between such a laboratory and the law will 
 reach from the handling of the fundamental crimes to the making of laws 
 concerning divorce, separation, bastardy, etc. It is only necessary to glance 
 over our records to see the high percentage of our forced marriages in the 
 bastardy (Domestic Relations) and Morals courts, that later reappear in 
 court and eventually end in separation, desertion, and divorce, in man}- in- 
 stances with a new generation started to keep the unholy work going. It is 
 not a clear babbling brook that turns the crnirt mill, but a turgid, mad. muddy 
 stream. 
 
 The only practical solution we see at present for the treatment of these 
 ^ases after they are recognized is farm and industrial colonies, community 
 centers in the country, as extensive as possible, built on the order of detention 
 camps. Such colonics should be laid out in the order of a small model com- 
 munity, with administration building, and cottages for the executives and 
 inmates, with its industrial, farm, amusement, hospital, living and other sec- 
 tions. The}' can l)e laid out and built up gradually by the inmates themselves 
 after the first buildings are completed. This will be the home colon}'. The 
 buildings should be hygienic and comfortable and built to have a life of from 
 twenty to twenty-five years as experience shows that in the course of time 
 most institutions have quite a community grow up about them, with a con- 
 siderable enhancement in the value of the real estate, and with such buildings 
 as we have described, when this time comes the property can be disposed of 
 to good advantage by the state and a new colony grounded in another un- 
 developed section where the land is in need of cleaning and draining, and can 
 be obtained at a low price. 
 
 There should also be portable colonies, which could be sent out to various parts 
 of the state to redeem and cultivate land and construct roads, as well as carry 
 on such forestry, agricultural and industrial development as will appear feasible as 
 the colony plan develops. 
 
 Psychiatrists should be consulted in every step of the laying out and 
 planning of the grounds and buildings of such an internment camp. It must 
 be under the direction of a psychiatrist and manned by psychiatrists, on account 
 uf the nature and handling of the material that it will harbor. It should be 
 arranged so that the unfortunates committed to it will be made just as happy 
 and comfortable as it is possible to make them, and in this way commitments 
 to such an institution will not be fought by friends and relatives of persons 
 that should be sent there, but on the contrary, when the mental defectiveness 
 <if their children and its invariable consequences arc made known to them, if 
 
 — J67 —
 
 tlify arc not able to provide custodial care themselves, they will voluntarily 
 commit tlicir children to such an institution. For the majority of cases it will 
 nu-an for life, but there is a certain percentage of the higher grade cases that 
 after a certain number of years might be examined by a board of psychiatrists 
 to consider parole. They could be paroled first to families in the country or 
 town, depending on the line of work they became most useful in while in the 
 colony, and if worthy, eventually be given a full discharge. It is found that 
 a certain number of cases, mostly lighter grades of prsecox, after they pass 
 what is known as the Sturm und Drang period of life, the stress period, the 
 period of inward and outward stress, anywhere between the ages of 18 and 40, 
 settle down and become quite passive. The necessity for sterilization before 
 parole will have to be considered, though the isolation of such defectives will 
 eliminate the largest source of propagation of defectiveness with its con- 
 comitant delinquency. 
 
 In such colonies they wilt have economic wortli, while on the outside they 
 are an economic burden. They are responsible for most of the accidents on 
 land and sea, for wastage, loss, theft and bad morale. They are undependable, 
 work irregularly, always changing employment, and they make up the bulk of 
 the army of the unemployable. The colony proposition is logically a national 
 one, but under our system of government it will have to be dealt with by 
 the states. Such colonies will be provided with laboratories for brain and 
 other research and will thus indirectly contribute much to the advancement of 
 science and the benefit of society. 
 
 There is a small but sufficiently numerous group, however, that will justify 
 another line of treatment; this is the light borderland type who only occasion- 
 ally succumb to delinquency, who might be redeemed to socio-economic use- 
 fulness when encouraged and advised by properly trained social workers. It 
 might be well where such individuals have no home of their own to provide 
 appropriate quarters and dormitories for them, enlarging and utilizing the 
 present social service centers for such a purpose. Paroled cases from the 
 colonies could also be provided with quarters there while they were rehabilitat- 
 ing themselves. A certain amount of so-called criminality will be eliminated 
 through more intelligent regulation and control. 
 
 Again we must reiterate in closing that all this change will not be ac- 
 complished at once; it will have to be gradual. First we came to recognize 
 mental defectiveness as a disease and disorder; then as exculpatory in 
 delinquency: and now we arc beginning, pari passu with our advancing 
 knowledge in psychopathology, to advance also in further recognizing and 
 accustoming ourselves to the intimate positive correlation between psycho- 
 p'athology and delinquency. It will only be a question of time until one of 
 the great advantages psychopathology has over the law, namely, anticipation 
 of crime, will come into its own. At present the law is constrained to wait 
 until a crime has been committed, but psychopathology will recognize and 
 isolate all potential criminals, mental defectives, before they enact their 
 depredations. In fact, we are applying this principle now in committing such 
 potential criminals daily to the feeble-minded institutions or insane asylums, 
 thus anticipating much crime had they been handled in the old way. as well 
 as furthering the cause of humanity. 
 
 Constructive criticism is the keynote of progress. Such criticism as has 
 been made in these pages has been offered in a friendly, constructive and 
 cooperative spirit, and we hope it will be so regarded. It is offered from the 
 standpoint of the psychopathologist. Psychopathology is so inherent to this 
 
 — 168 —
 
 whole question tluit never once tlirougii tlie ages, through the earliest days 
 of ecclesiastical and secular law, has it ever been entirely suppressed, but it 
 is only now coming into its own. 
 
 On account of the human interest involved and the appeal it. makes to 
 the public whose interest we must arouse, we have tried to present this report 
 in as popular form as is possible for a scientific subject, but at the cost of a 
 certain amount of redundancy and circumlocution. One might just as well 
 try to present a popular exposition of any other highly technical subject as 
 on this. Psychopathology, like any other science, is highly technical and is 
 daily growing more so. 
 
 Since much of this report was written, the general attitude throughout 
 this section of the country towards the psychopathic laboratory idea and | 
 delinquent colonies has undergone such a change that much of the apologetic 
 material might well be omitted but we have allowed it to stand for its possible 
 influence on communities not yet so far advanced as ours. 
 
 Our neurological, anthropometrical and other studies will have to be 
 presented elsewhere because of lack of space, and their technical nature. Lack 
 of space a'so forces us to omit the chapter on the hereditary studies. 
 
 The laboratory is under manifold obligations to the numerous social 
 workers and their organizations represented in the Municipal Court without 
 whose ever-ready and cordial cooperation this report would never have been 
 written. 
 
 The history of the movement can never be written witiiout the names of 
 Chief Justice Olson and Mrs. Marie K. Hickson at tlio top. Chief Justice 
 Olson has fathered it from the beginning and preserved order on the outside 
 and kept it alive and has been unsparing in his time and energy from its verj- 
 inception. Mrs. Hickson, a volunteer for the first year, has kept order on the 
 inside, standing the brunt of the heavy testing, training and standardizing 
 other assistants, and preparing the statistics, all carried on under the heavy 
 pressure of the daily work. She has mothered these unfortunate cases, thus 
 making their hard lot somewhat easier. 
 
 The laboratory sustained a severe loss in the death during the year of Dr. 
 Mary O'Brien Porter, one of its ablest assistants, who was a volunteer at first 
 for almost a year. We cannot be too grateful to our assistants in the labora- 
 tory, the Misses Helen Ullerick and Barbara Preble, for their unselfish de- 
 votion to the work which has to be carried on under the greatest pressure 
 and strain of both the intellect and the emotions. Miss Preble has been added 
 to the force since the statistics were cast up, but has assisted materially in 
 the work on them. 
 
 The laboratory is badly in need of a larger force and more space. .\ 
 bailiff should also be assigned to it. It only needs time in which to assemble 
 the absolutely convincing data that are passing through the courts daily to 
 convince the most resistant of the necessity for farm colonies and preventive 
 treatment for delinquency. In the meantime it will continue to carry on its 
 practical assistance to the court and its weekly quota of commitments to the 
 state institutions for the insane and feeble-minded and at least partially 
 alleviate the seriousness of the situation, in anticipating much fundamental 
 crime, not excluding homicide, by many of our numerous paranoid cases with 
 such trends, and assisting the court in the numerous ways more or less out- 
 lined in the previous pages. 
 
 — 169 —
 
 APPENDIX 
 
 In the chapter on i'sychopathology in the Introduction we have attempted in 
 a very simple and terse manner to give some insight into the various abnormal 
 psychological processes. 
 
 In the following chapter we attempt to give a few examples of the behavior, 
 the resultant of these various processes. 
 
 lioth of the above phases were studied and developed more or less independ- 
 ently of each other, and the study and findings of the one corroborate the study and 
 lindings of the other. Brought together they illumine each other. In the chapter 
 on psychopathology we see abnormal behavior reduced to its lower, psychological 
 terms, the terms of the psychopathologist, while in the following chapter we pre- 
 sent the obverse side of the picture in terms of behavior. 
 
 The limits set to such a report as this prohibit anything like a complete pres- 
 entation of any of the various features treated in it, permit of barely touching on 
 some of the most salient points of this material and do not permit the thorough 
 presentation and discussion of the following material, which contributes so richly 
 for the elucidation of much of the problem, that it deserves. Partial discussions 
 are not satisfactory. Much of the significance of the following material is quite 
 obvious and will repay careful study for those interested in psychopathology. 
 
 The examples given were selected at random and illustrate a few of the phases 
 of our material which throughout is quite homogeneous. 
 
 The number of examples of the performance or psychomotor tests, also of 
 interest for our study of behavior psychologj^ and analysis, might also be consid- 
 erably extended with advantage, even as numerous as they appear, if the space 
 were available. 
 
 The examples selected to be shown here are the visual memory tests from the 
 Binet-Simon Intelligence Scale, used, however, not only as an intelligence test as 
 originally proposed by them, but developed to a much wider field of usefulness, not 
 only as test for intelligence {?er se but also for primary disturbances of the intelli- 
 gence function as found in paresis, senile dementia, narcotism, such as alcoholism, 
 morphinism, cocainism, etc. We have also extended its use in an equally wide and 
 important field in the psychoses, such as various forms of dementia praecox, manic- 
 depressive insanity, hysteria, etc. In fact, we have found the entire scale with proper 
 modifications to lend itself as a most useful instrument for diagnostic and differential 
 diagnostic purposes. It also lends itself as an aid in establishing the stadium of a 
 disease or process. 
 
 The modification adopted with the visual memory test was not only to evaluate 
 it as an intelligence test, belonging to the ten-year-old group, but also to analyze the 
 various additions, omissions, or transpositions, also relative position and size, as 
 compared with example and with each other, evenness or irregularity of lines, 
 methods of reproduction, general behavior, etc. Several repetitions of stimulus, in- 
 cluding drawing design with example before subject, are secured. We have several 
 similar tests which we give serially, and in this way bring out numerous additional 
 sj-mptoms. Among the other visual memory or visual psychomotor tests of the 
 series we include examples here of the H. Visual Memory and Ziehen Visual 
 Memory tests. In the B.-S. and H. Visual Memory tests the example is exposed 
 for ten seconds, after proper warming-up of the subject; in the Z. V. M. test the 
 example is exposed for fifteen seconds and the case waits fifteen seconds before 
 
 — 170 —
 
 attempting to reproduce it. The symbols test was invented not only to fill a 
 similar position to the eleven-year old group as the square and diamond are to the 
 B.-S. five and seven-year old groups respectively but also for its wide psychopathic 
 usefulness. 
 
 Performance tests, however, in any test scheme should be reduced to as few 
 as possible, as cases in certain prsecox phases resent making even the slight efforts 
 such tests generally call for. 
 
 tn5- 
 
 Fig. 1 — Binet-Simon Visual Memory Test. 
 
 The technique used in the laboratorj- in the above, the B. S. Visual Memory 
 Test (Binet-Simon) is to expose the drawing to the case for ten seconds, when he 
 attempts to draw it from memory. This is repeated several times, and the case 
 finally draws with the example constantly in front of him. This is usually followed 
 by a second or third visual memory test similar to those following, such as the 
 H. Visual Memory test and the Ziehen Visual Memory test. The technique is some- 
 what modified in the latter, the exposure being fifteen seconds with a wait of fifteen 
 seconds before the case begins to draw. 
 
 Fig. 2 — H. Visual Memory Test. 
 
 Fig. 3 — Ziehen Visual Memory Test. 
 — 171 —
 
 Tlic tcclini(|uc used in tlie Symbol Test is similar to that used in the drawing of 
 the .s(|uarc and tlie diamond in the five-year and seven-year group of tests of the 
 Hinct-Simon scale, in whicli the case draws directly from the example and corre- 
 sponds to the clcvcn-year group. 
 
 I 
 
 Fig. 4 — Symbols. 
 
 Illustrations of a few of the Applications of the Diagnostic Tests Used in the 
 Laboratory for Intelligence and Psychopathy 
 
 The following examples have been selected because of their adaptability to 
 simple illustration, patency and objectivity, which bring them, to a greater or 
 lesser degree, within the general comprehension, and because they contain much 
 that is new in concept or application, and while lacking the refinement and sharp- 
 ness of many of our other tests, can yet be recommended by us after extended 
 use as possessing an important field and extensive degree of usefulness. The 
 same examples have been selected from this type of tests for demonstration 
 throughout, thus allowing of better comparison. It is unfortunate that lack of 
 space prevents us from illustrating the unusual positions on the paper selected by 
 many of the cases demonstrated here. 
 
 Their applicability for illiterates and those with language obstacles is quite 
 obvious. Psychoanalysts no doubt will find them of some interest. In order to 
 get proper results with these and similar tests a careful technique is imperative, 
 especially in working witii hebephrenics, katatonics and other psychopaths. Even 
 the effort they are called upon to make with these tests, unless carried on with 
 proper teclinique, tends to aggravate the resistance and katatonia so prevalent in 
 these cases. This is our criticism of many of the performance tests that have been 
 proposed which call for extensive, even if not excessive, effort, since inertia may 
 be one of the cardinal symptoms of the case's psychopathy. 
 
 The matter of technique in the giving of tests such as the Binet-Simon, 
 Rossolimo, Psychopathic, etc., has been too generally overlooked and we cannot 
 emphasize this point too strongly. The finer the test the more depends on the 
 technique. Anyone testing who is removed from a psychopathologist may find 
 these tests of help. It should be borne in mind that in some of these tests where 
 the intelligence is fairly good, we may have paranoides types, quite outspoken, 
 
 172
 
 who, while betraying this feature do not show the bizarre characteristics so com- 
 mon to many of the other combinations. 
 
 In addition to the foregoing visual memory tests we also include a few illus- 
 trations of some of the other performance tests used in the laboratory, such as 
 the copying test and the letter test. The latter test consists in the task of answering 
 the following advertisement from the daily paper, viz., "Wanted young man (young 
 woman, man or woman as the case may be) to do general work. Apply in own 
 handwriting with full particulars." 
 
 The illustrations included here are from the Boys, Morals, and Domestic Rela- 
 tions courts, and outside criminal branches. 
 
 The cases from the Boys Court were referred to the laboratory by their 
 Honors, Judges Thomas F. Scully, Harry P. Dolan, Samuel H. Trude, Edmund 
 K. Jarecki, John A. Swanson, Joseph P. Rafferty, and John R. Newcomer ; by 
 assistant city prosecuting attorneys, Messrs. Fred W. Kraft, Gerald Barry, and 
 Henry J. Nicholson; and by the Social Service Department under Miss M. Fugate. 
 
 Those from the Morals Court were referred by their Honors, Judges Charles 
 N. Goodnow, Harry M. Fisher, Jacob H. Hopkins, Joseph Z. Uhlir, Edward T. 
 Wade, Arnold Heap, Wells M. Cook, and Frank H. Graham ; City Prosecuting At- 
 torney, Harry B. Miller; and assistant city prosecuting attorneys, H. C. Lust, 
 George Emmecke, W. L. Meyer, Adolph J. Borgemeier, Harry W. Starr and Paul 
 Holleb. Cases were also referred by the following court attaches. Miss Louise 
 Ory, Mrs. Anna Smith, Miss Blumenthal, Mrs. Leopold Neuman, and Mrs. Aldrich. 
 
 The cases from the Domestic Relations Branch were referred by their Honors, 
 Judges Joseph Sabath, Oscar M. Torrison, Sheridan E. Fry, John Stelk, and John 
 A. Mahoney ; by Assistant Prosecuting Attorney Michael L. Rosinia ; and also by 
 Mr. John Gardner, Mrs. Julia McGuire, Miss Inderrieden and Mrs. Garside of the 
 Social Service Department. 
 
 Those from the outside criminal branches were referred by their Honors, 
 Judges Harry Olson, Hosea W. Wells, John K. Prindiville, Patrick B. Flanagan, 
 James C. Martin, John Courtney, John R. Caverly, Joseph La Buy, Dennis W. 
 Sullivan, John J. Rooney, Hugh J. Kearns, and Howard Hayes. 
 
 A very large proportion of the cases examined by us in the continental 
 laboratories were referred by the prosecuting attorney, instigated by the appear- 
 ance or behavior of the defendant, his previous record, the nature of the crime, etc. 
 We have not progressed quite that far here as yet, though a beginning has been 
 made. Mr. Lust had questionable complaining witnesses examined by the laboratory, 
 thereby establishing a precedent, and thus anticipated all the expense, unpleasantness, 
 etc., of a trial where the complaining witnesses turned out to be victims of their 
 own mental aberration. Mrs. Kirk of the Social Service Department in the Morals 
 Court, in spite of the strenuous protests of the prosecuting attorney anticipated a 
 very prolonged, notorious, and expensive case that went to another county and 
 was tried with a loss of the case to the state, where the complainant was a case 
 of dementia pra?ecox paranoides, a victim of delusions, as we discovered from a 
 laboratory investigation. This same individual is again involved in another un- 
 savory, serious affair. 
 
 The illustrations have been reduced almost one-half in the reproductions 
 
 173 —
 
 PERFORMANCE TESTS— BOYS COURT. 
 
 iCaee. fl./la'., npe P.O. male, elnple: high grade moron plus dementia prae- 
 oox hebephrenia. Attended eohool ape 6 to 16, reached Eth grade. Wae 
 In Juvenile Court, sentenced 60 days for robbery. Present arrest shot 
 hie brother In a duel. He le the eon of cases T7.Jo., age 45, and W.£t. 
 age BO, whoBo visual memory peyohopnthlo teste follow and are shown as 
 a matter of psychological and hereditary Interest. They have another 
 eon. '.?.£., oge 21. who has had the following arrests: 1) Juvenile 
 Court, larceny and assault with deadly weapon, 2) caught In stolen au- 
 tomobile. 3) he and another boy' caught with loaded revolvers. 4) rape, 
 fifteen-year-old girl. 5) burglary, 6) charged with larceny, burglary 
 and assault to kill, now in Pontlac Reformatory. Another son. '.7.A1., 
 age 17: high grade moron plus dementia praecox hebephrenia; attended 
 eohool age 7 to 13, reached 6th grade; was In Juvenile Court three 
 times, served 16 months In St. Charles, wae also in Parental Home and " 
 the Chicago School for Boye for 3 months; arreeted in Boys Court carry- 
 ing concealed weapons; present arrest etealing_braB.e_frora xailroad. 
 
 i B-S.V. M. Copi ed from ca rd. 
 
 n 
 
 E.T.M. yirat exposnra. 10". 
 
 H.V.V. Second consecutive exposure, 10". 
 
 V.V.H. Copied frorr. card. 
 
 — 174 —
 
 Son.. ' - ^ ^ 
 
 
 , FVrtj BUUoni. Tiro Ym™. 
 /Th« vcnirij opinion at th^( 
 /It that tho Aral two year« of tho imV 
 / will COS. ih, l-ni,,^ 5,,„, ,^ j^^ 
 Mlthbortiooa ol no.MO.Mo.CM. On 
 top of tho Bpprorulatlona of 119 000 
 MO.DOO for U,, ••„ ,1,1. ,„, j„„, ^ 
 irmatrt of IIJ.OOO.OM.OOO for wa, put- 
 tow, n.at rear, a total of DUOOOOOO. 
 CM. and II u not unllkfly that th. 
 othar l,.0O«.oo..0O0 .III ba ranulr«| by 
 unrcrtse«n dev«)opmwiu. 
 
 Economy on non««a«nU&l« of g; 
 ommtnt and ftlTkJra thst tin •ttmii 
 .llth.co„m.tl.ov,r. .Uhiiu,.,.,. 
 pandliuro. for ll,r army. navy. Min- 
 pint board, and oihri- br.ncl.«a of var 
 
 N-TOrl,. .„. r,H.c« |„ ,*. „„ 
 f tcvarftrarnt •ii>»ndliur--i f„r 
 sri.ir.f (lacal yaaf, 
 
 "■ •■— -' II BII11<-. 
 
 — 175 —
 
 Caoe, W.i;t.. ago 50. male: high grade moron plue chronic alcoholiem. 
 ThlB case was ineerted as of hereditary interest. He is the hueband 
 of case W.Jo., age 45, and father of case '".Wa., age 20. 
 
 ^ 
 
 B-b.V.M. First exposure, 10 
 
 r — UJ 
 
 B-S.V.II. Second consecutive exposure, 10"^ 
 
 3-S.V.l:. Third consecutive exposure, 10'".. 
 
 B,S^V.U. Copied from card. 
 
 176 —
 
 p. v."'. Second consecuti 
 
 ■^e cxpos7)re 
 
 10' 
 
 R.V.M. Third consecutive e>:T)0?ure. 10' 
 
 U;.. . 
 
 H.V.M. Copied frozn cnrd, 
 
 17"
 
 r»B« W Jo H^e It. letnale: middle grede raoron plus dement Upraecor 
 .rb:phr;nu: "^MB^onae wna inserted as of ^jereditary ntereet. She 
 IB the mother of caee In the Boye Court. W.Wa.. age ^u. 
 
 B-S.V.X. Third 
 
 consecutive ey.posure 
 
 . 10' 
 
 — 178 —
 
 F.V.M. Plret exposure, 10 
 
 170 —
 
 Vj oj^ (k^ f^'^^y ^ 
 
 Firet copy v.i1.h card 
 
 1 80
 
 Case, E.Fr., age 19. male: middle grade moron pliis dezentie pruecox 
 hebephrenia. Arrested for begging. 
 
 ^:'c'c^ 
 
 E_S.V.M. Firet expoeure, 10' 
 
 B-3.V.M. Second coneecutive enoosure, 10' 
 
 B-i5.V.K. Third consecutive exposure. 10' 
 
 B-S.V.M. Fourth (.'onaecutiTe exT50fciure. lu' 
 
 n 'n 
 
 S.i.V.K. Fifth congccutive expoEure. 10". 
 
 — 181 —
 
 -V . . H' 
 
 B-i.V.;<. Copied from cord. 
 
 2.V.M. First exposure, 16"/lf"' 
 
 
 . V.M. Second consecutive exposure, If/Xb" 
 
 V.M. ?hlr-l conEccutiTe exposure, 15"/1^"- 
 
 y^. w ^■ 
 
 
 Z.V.M. CoT>i»4 from card. 
 
 
 ]82 —
 
 uase D.Ja. age 17. .-nalo. single; middle grade moron f9.fi) plus 
 4ementln praeoo- hebephrenia fpfropfhcbephrenia). 
 
 B-S.V.M. Copic'l from curd. 
 
 .V.;.:. First cxDOSure. 10", 
 
 n 
 
 H.V.y. Eccond conreoi:tlve cxpoEure, 10" 
 
 H.V.jf. Cooled froci card 
 — 18»-
 
 Coae. D,Da., age 48, male, married, father of Ii.Ja,, age 17: low 
 grade sociopath plue dementia praecox hebephrenia pluc moderate 
 degree chronic nlcohollBm. Teet Inserted for hereditary interest 
 
 B-S.V.M. First ejpoEure. IQ- 
 
 V.::. Second coneecutive exposure. 10". 
 
 ■D-^.V.i:. Third consecutive exnosure, 10 
 
 2-S.V,i:. Fourth 
 
 consecutive exposure. 10' 
 
 •S.V.U. Copied fro-n card. 
 
 — 184 —
 
 E.V.IvI, ?irst exposure, 10 'V 
 
 y^^K 
 
 p.V.?.^ Copied from card. 
 
 185 —
 
 Cucc. S.JO., nse 19. ™»''«- ^^K^^ ''■•"^'' "'°''*'" ''^"^ flcnenlla nn.ec* 
 hntntonlo. 
 
 :(• ri P 
 
 E-S.V.M. Firtl cxrjoiuro. lo". 
 
 B-S.V.M. Copiel : row card.
 
 H.V.M. Second cor.::eci:t Ive exposure. 10 
 
 "...v. ylff- cor.s-ect^t ive r.rnosxiTo , 10". 
 
 H.V.V. fiTth oo::teci.: 
 
 . -.0 exposure , 10' 
 — 187 -
 
 c 
 
 Copied from card. 
 
 JQui^'MAy 
 
 ^, 
 
 J^ /7^^ ^-^^yX^ 
 
 ^^M^L^ 
 
 ^^ 
 
 rtxt^-u-< 
 
 
 
 BY ARTHUR SBARS HENNINQ 
 
 W..hln»lt>n, D. c, Jan. 17— tSp» 
 cta:.J— As ^ icault ol |*i<-6Menl w,! 
 
 • JiV* fi*tlur© to b«olt up t.bi «pialolAry 
 •:oAiaiid9. th* rnll«d Stam 1« aub 
 
 • cn-ltijl to tll« dici-\t«j of Cio..t ^rit 
 •l\ the mlatrtM of ih« ku. 
 
 P^iiMiiT-c OH th« «-;^^>..-.^. . 
 
 188 —
 
 O'ace, E.Ar., &g« 18, male, single: high grade noron plus der.entla 
 praeoox. Attended school age 4 to 14, reached eixth grade. 
 
 B-S.V.'.!. First expoeure. 10' 
 
 B-i;.V.M. Second oonseoutlTe exposure, 10", 
 
 B-S.V.l.!. Third consecutive exposure, 10". 
 
 B-5;.V.i;. Fourth coneeeutiTe exposure, 10". 
 
 0. S.V.I'.. Klfth coneeoutive exposure, 10". 
 
 — ISO —
 
 4-" 
 
 P-S.V.M. Copied from o«t4. 
 
 
 h.<ru/ 
 
 
 — 190
 
 Case, C.Bu.. age 19. male, single: middle grade moron plus psycho- 
 pathic plus alcoholisra. Mever attended echool. illiterate: four 
 months ago arrested for cutting up another boy, placed on nrobatio: 
 for a year; two months ago arrested on suspicion; present arrest 
 charged v.'ith nurder for shooting and hilling a nan, found guilty 
 sent to Joliet for life. 
 
 B-S.V.M. First expo5?ure, ic 
 
 0", 
 
 P-S.V.V. Second consecutive exDOfure, 10' 
 
 P-S.V".?.f. Third concecutii-e exposure. 10". 
 
 B-o.V.y. Copied from card, 
 
 I5^(ff 
 
 ' ,t-^ 
 
 ^^ 
 
 
 jyi 

 
 Cauo. I!. Jo., upc 17, mule, clngle: high gratte moron pluc dementia 
 pruccox hebephrenia f pf ropfhcbephrenla) . Arrested carrying a gun 
 ond notlnc cuoploloucl.v. 
 
 t 
 
 B-S.V.M. r'irst e:rposure, 10" 
 
 T^ 
 
 E-t.V.M. Second coneecutive exposure. 10". 
 
 7\ 
 
 B-d.V.K. Third consecutive exposure, 10" 
 
 u 
 
 V.Y. Fourth consecutive exposure, 10" 
 
 T-l__p 
 
 E-S.V.'U, Fifth consecutive exposure, 10". 
 — 19^ —
 
 E-E.V..V. iiixth consecutive eyposvr.-e , 10' 
 
 T^LP 
 
 -S.V.M. Seventh consecuti 
 
 re expoGure, 10". 
 
 tm 
 
 E-S.V.M. Copied from card, 
 
 (U-^-^^^ JUv 
 
 
 !>U' 
 
 ^<t i\. 
 
 — 198
 
 Case, J..'l., age Zl, mule, Llngle: high grodc noron plus dementia 
 praecox hobephronlu. Attended school ago 6 to 15, reached elxth 
 grade; present orroet llvlnp with D.El., ago 19, who hue deticrted 
 her husband Boverol tlraec, -ith •.vhom che had a forced carriage, he 
 being charged .vlth rape; oho attended Echool ago 6 to 1£ , reached 
 slith grade; uhc Ic u high grade borderland raoron pluc dencntla 
 praecox hobephrcnlo. Hor father woe about the eanc t;pe. hae been 
 orroetod; hlE deter 1e single, hue had two illegitlnutc children 
 by different fothcrs; another elEter ic ineane. llother of D.El. is 
 ttlEO the cane type, had an illcgitimoto child before narriagc; one 
 of hor brothers, age 16, reached the sixth grode, has already had 
 t7;o arroEto. Her illegitimate brother has had several arreEtt. and 
 sontencee for stealing. 
 
 e e^iioEure. 10"
 
 Case, C.?l., male, are ly-. hiph grode noron (10.6/ pltii denienl a oree- 
 cox hebephrenia ( pf ropfhebephrenla) . Attended echool are 6 .to i"* 
 reached third prode ; wne In Juvenile Court 4 tlPiOE. eerved IH mont'c 
 In t.t. Charles, nuraeroue arreete In the Boye Court. F'-ther ?rench. 
 B?e 47. In United ttnteE 30 years, ccparated iron vrlfe. "other, afc 
 49, American. Ineane for a nupber of yearr : xne in £tnte Insane Asy- 
 lum for fl\'e years. Caee has 1 brother In a custodial echool. another 
 brother ape JO ie now in the House of Correction, hne hod ?> arrests, 
 served 18 months In St. Charles. Then caee stos arrcs; ed this tine he 
 had a gun. flashlight. "Jlranle." and some stolen Jewelry in his^os- 
 aesElon; he has a recent bullet wound In hie leg. sa.ve he shot him- 
 self accidentally a week ago r;ith a 38-calibre revolver. 
 
 Ci 
 
 r 
 
 rlret exnoEure . 10" 
 
 -i.V.;.;. Second consecutive exposure, 10 
 
 P^ 
 
 B-£.V.;.;. Third consecutive ernosure, 10" 
 
 3-6. V.!.'. Copied from card. 
 
 H.V.i;. ?irst exposure. 10". 
 
 — 1^5
 
 H.V.M. Secont! coneecutlvn exDOBure. 10" 
 
 ■honly Ttyoi. ir.iy 0*m.' of n«utr«»trj 
 
 — l!lt) —
 
 Caec, N.Ch., age 18, nale, single: low grade sociopath plus der^ertlft 
 praecox hebephrenia plus juvenile paresis. ?ather vras a quarrel- 
 some, high-tonpertfd chronic alcoholic, whD boat and abused his rife 
 and "had delueions of infidelity; she finally had to divorce him. Twr 
 brothers both chronic alcoholics. I'other age 49. high grade moron, 
 schizophrenic; school age 5 to 14, reached sixth grade; she h«e 
 arcus senilis and arterioscleroele. 
 
 First exposure. 10". 
 
 B-S.Y.U. Second consecutive ernosure. 10". 
 
 E-S.V.I.'. Third consecutive exposure, 10". \,/^ 
 
 B-S.V.M. ?oi:rth consecutive expoeure. 10" 
 
 B-3.V.M. Fifth consecutive expoepre. 10" 
 — 197 —
 
 / — \ 
 
 u. 
 
 3.V.V. rire*. orposure. 10", 
 
 R.V.V. Copied rron card. 
 
 jJ-^i-m^ ^/ - '9y / 
 
 
 
 C— ^ 
 
 _^^_^^J(jLj .^^^-'t-L'cXtJt-n. ^^ yC&^i---^^^ ...^-^^ ^--^iJl^^l^ ,^^^''i?^-th-^ ^ 
 
 yl^u-z^ 
 
 
 /'.' .«-'7'-<:i 
 
 t^-; 
 
 19& —
 
 Case, G.Le.. ape 18, nale: middle grade noron pluE dencntia praecor 
 einplex. Present arrest attempting to brealc int^ a store with 
 another boy at 3 a.m. 
 
 B-S.V 
 
 ,y. Second consecutive expoE-ure, U' 
 
 P-S.V.M. Third consecutire exposure, 10' 
 
 «-£.V.V!. Copied froo c^aji. 
 " 190 —
 
 C«ae. B.Jo., Ofe 19. nalc. slr.fle: middle frade noron plus trace 
 Bloohollen. 
 
 ' lly^l 
 
 f^ 
 
 ii) 
 
 E-L.V.u. First cxpOEur*. 10' 
 
 B-S.V.!.;. iecond coneecutive erpoeure. 10' 
 
 .S.».U. ^hird consecutive excosiire. 10" 
 
 ® 
 
 3-i;.V.):, Fourth oonseciitive 
 
 exTjocure. 10' 
 
 9 
 
 ^ 
 
 ^ E-S.V.1.C. Fifth conEecutiTe ex-oosTire. 10' 
 
 .□ 
 
 ^B 
 
 5-S.V.y.. Coplei fyoa card. 
 — r^Li) --
 
 ■»GMe/C.Ir.. age IS. male: middle grade !r.oron pl'js lerentle 
 prneoox hetephrenin. Present arrest vagrancy. 
 
 .S.V.)I. First exnosnre. 10' 
 
 3.3.V M. Secord consecutive exposure. 10' 
 
 B-S.V.M. Third coneeoutive exposure, 10' 
 
 E-S.V.M. Fourth oonseouti 
 
 Te' exposure, lo' 
 
 ».S.7_.i{. CQBled froa card. 
 
 •-'01
 
 
 203 —
 
 Case. L.rr.. age 21. nale. single: Mfh grade noronTg.C' pluB 4e- 
 
 mentlo praccox hcbcphrenlo (pfropfhekephrenia) . ^tter.l-.d school 
 8 to 14. reached third prade. Ka« been in Juvenile Court Parental 
 
 bohool; four arreGte in Boyc Court. 
 
 -t.T.lt. first exposure, 10". 
 
 .V.M. ^econd conseciitlTse -exposur*. 10 
 
 . V.i;. Third consecutive exposure. 10" 
 
 _n 
 
 
 J 
 
 B-S.V.*. Fourth oonEecutlTt expoture. 10" 
 
 • 1 l_ ■ — 
 
 B-b.V.M. Fifth coneeeutlTe expoeut*. 10". 
 
 2o:i
 
 . 
 
 B-S.V.M. Copied fron card. 
 
 b 
 
 H.V.M. Klret exposure, 10' 
 
 H.V.M. Secon4 coneecutlve exposure . 10' 
 
 H.V.M, Third coneecutive exposure. 10' 
 
 D P 
 
 .H.V.rt. Copied from csrd. 
 
 
 i04
 
 .V.U. Firet exposure, 16"/X5". 
 
 2-V-lf. Example 
 
 Z.T.H. Seoond consecntiTe exposure. 15"/15" 
 
 2.V.lf. Third conseouUTe exDoeure. 16"/16" 
 
 Z.V.M. "opled from card. 
 — 305 —
 
 
 Tyyti^ <<rt^y^ PT-iMxA^. 
 
 '>>\^^l^~'lX^ 
 
 :u^. 
 
 
 
 with whole wheat me«J, fT»nul»lea 
 , rice, wlih farina, an-l with white com 
 me&i. each used aJone, I hAv* made 
 J what I consider a food cak«Uk» pastry, 
 In making such, eapeclally la smaJ' 
 <luantJU«a. one should use mor« me*l 
 [ tHan flour, about one-half morei. pcr- 
 I bapa- I thought one-half mors s«od 
 
 !for the com meal. With Oour. Ih* 
 formula I?: P'lvc eggs. whlt«8 and yolVii 
 beaten, sepurately; one cup of Blfte« 
 Kugar, one cup of flour rifted eeveral 
 tlme^. one teaspoon of baking powder. 
 
 nlUa. 
 
 T:£ 
 
 a sponge cake 6n a nnal]«r 
 one-balf u much egg yellc 
 nd twice as much flour •s 
 adding a half more of meal 
 If that Is use^ Sift sugar Into beaten 
 rgg whites, add beaten yolks, and stft 
 in meal in which baking powder !s 
 sifted. A batter »ith me3J shrinks loea 
 than vrhen flour I* used. Bake a sm&U 
 •ponge cake of com meal one- half hour 
 
 J 00
 
 Case, t.'.'r., ajre l(t, mrile . sin'pie: >.i(-h frr;;(Ie~n8r<Jr. niut ic'^.cfX la 
 nrr.ecoy hetephrenia; attended school a, e " to 14. rcnched 5th prade 
 h>.i£ been In Juvenile Court. "resent arreet fifhtinp v.ith father. 
 He hes a brother. Bpe £0. attended school afye 7 to 14. reached 6th 
 grade, he is a chronic alcoholic. The visii';! :nerior;; peyohonathic 
 teet of the nother of thi.s case is riven anonp those of <he Doneet ic 
 P.elPtions Court, as S.i.'a., afe ."59. 
 
 -eoord consecutive exposure. 10 
 
 "hird consecati ve exDosure. 10' 
 
 -ODied from cord . 
 
 ■'J)7
 
 fi.V'.M. Corlod fror. cird. 
 
 
 208 
 
 ^^^t^fl'^.A^^ y^Z*..-^
 
 PERFORMANCE TESTS - MORALS COURT 
 
 Case NBe., age 32, female; high grade moron, dementia prsecox kata- 
 tonia preparalytic dementia. Now arrested for disorderly conduct. Her 
 history will be found among those of the Morals Court. 
 
 . Fourth consec 
 
 ^i,d consecutive exposr.re. 10". 
 
 igjLre 
 
 ,Uive exposure. 
 
 10". 
 
 B-t. '»'.!■'• i'lfth consecu 
 — 209 — 
 
 tive exposure. 10'
 
 E-S.V.M. p.iphth cor.L-eoiilive e;:noture, 10". 
 
 P-S.V.?:. Te-th oonsecv.tive exD.Tfure. 10 
 
 210
 
 ^X€ 
 
 ".v.". Cooled frOTi card. 
 — 211 —
 
 01s. 
 
 '°'''' ^ron car 
 
 Speakers af Hoosier Oemo- 
 mk Convention Indorse 
 
 ''^r ^,00 
 
 §Mimm rite pre sid^fii 
 
 sier 
 
 Al^Z ",CoV '""%'"« '" •"• "- 
 
 •ion. fomcr o„°„7oV f,"^°?, "• »»' 
 
 ffhcJca of tbc 
 
 ■ iintloa and rk oi»..<i — I' *"" *"*' rvi 
 '0. Wll.m,''i',X°J I?."fn°' "' 
 
 
 — 212 —
 
 C'aLc. C.Ev., afc C£, Jeraalc. Linfle: hlth grade coron plue dcir.cntla 
 praeoox hetenhrcnin. Mother chronic nlcoholic, deserted family; 
 v.ould le "out of hie head" very often. Llothcr very nervous;, had 
 "spells. " Cace hhs been livinp with q r.on for seven:! years; they 
 have a child vho io psychopathic and euLnoraal. Case vyac t?.o r.onths 
 preg-ncnt and ntortcd recently. Present arret t, kcepinp disorderly 
 house nnd prostitutinj" herself. Ker paramour is ape 32, low grade 
 soclopoth plus der.entia procco;: Catatonia; he has not worked for 
 sone tine. -' 
 
 ?irst ejpoeure, 10"." 
 
 P-t;.V.". Second consecutive exposure, 10" 
 
 B-t.V.;.:. Third consecutive exposure. 10' 
 
 ;.V.!-'. fourth consecutive exnosi-re. 10" 
 — 213 —
 
 2.0,y.:.'.. Eifth congemitlve oxpoei;;-e . 10' 
 
 3-tJ.V,I.!, Sixth conteoutive exposure. 10" 
 
 E-i:.V.:.'. t;eventh consecuti 
 
 ve exposure, 10". 
 
 E.!,.y."_. EiKhth concecvtiye exBOeure, 10' 
 
 B-t.V.I.'.. Copied from card. 
 
 — :.M4 —
 
 H.V.M. First exDOSure, 10". 
 
 a 
 
 H.V.K. Second consecutive exposure. 
 
 10' 
 
 w.V.lJ. Copied from ctircl, 
 
 — 21;
 
 Cacc. li.:ii., oge 3l. 8ln£'le, living ae man and 7/lfe with J.Kv. -.vhoce 
 tcetE precede: low grade ooclopoth plut dementia prneco>' '/ntatonle. 
 Hap 2-.vop.r-Old illogltlnnte cMld. 
 
 B-u.V.M. Flret er.poeure. 10". c. 
 
 B-£.V.;'. i-econd consecutive exposure, 10 
 
 • B-S. V.I.I. Third consecutive exposure. 10' 
 
 ^- 
 
 E-E.V.I,;. Fourth consecutive exnosure. 10' 
 
 P-S.V.X. Fifth coneeoutlve expoeure. 10' 
 — 216 —
 
 B.E.VJt. sixth coneecutiTS ejpoeure, 10 
 
 E-E.V.M. Seventh ;3onEecutiV9 expoeure, 10 
 
 B.S.V.M. Slght'i conseoutlTe e.rpoaure, 10" 
 
 cx 
 
 B-b.V.:.;. Copied i'rom cerd. 
 
 — ai7 —
 
 H-V.J!. ?i.^t 
 
 exposure. lO". 
 
 H.V.lt. Second concecutl 
 
 ve erpoEure, 10" 
 
 H.V.M. Roplsd from card. 
 
 — . 2.18 —
 
 Cese. A.Th.. Armenian, in 'J.i.. 11 joars . n&le: fair nverape intelli- 
 g-ence pli:E nsychonathic constitution. 
 
 E-L.Y.Ll. First expostire, 10".' 
 
 B-2.V.I.:. aecond coniiecutive exposure, 10' 
 
 3-i:.V.L{. Third consec\;tire exposure, 10' 
 
 B-S.V.M. Fourth consecutive exposure, 10' 
 
 B-S.V.l'. Fifth consecutive exposure, 10". 
 
 ea> 
 
 B-i:.V.:.';. bir.th con£ecv.tive expocnre. 
 Copied fron card. 
 
 — 219 —
 
 ^\'i^'J':''"i "^'^ '^''' ^cr.alc, married rC r,eirs.': lov; rradc r.o-on nr-Tr 
 
 hnd eevornl nrreett. once folicUcd a rnon nnd Ijvcri ■.viU Mr, -ovr 
 
 onoo nnd 1-oe dcrcrted her. ;cr ^oute it filiVv -'rrmo^ ry^«r/olT 
 cltlnf nnd bcpelnp v/ith l.-.c-;ot. ^»i'^/. rcccn. crrecl coli- 
 
 E-t.V.I!. Fourth oonEec.:ti 
 
 ve errorxirc. lO' 
 
 oniofi fro- 
 
 ~~ 220 —
 
 Coce. J.'ie. 
 
 i-e J '.e .•■■ e :-0. female, v.v.itc. n«rricd to colored r..in: lO'.v irv^alc 
 .jclopath. Dc;-chop-.thic com-tUutloa. prep.-irul:.tLc doncntia. Lcparut- 
 c(J fron huFbond. arrostol for colic llinf. 
 
 ' 1 f 
 
 P-t;.V.i.l. Pirct o:!pOEi:re. 10" 
 
 .V.;'. Second concecutiv 
 
 e ezpoeure. 10" 
 
 ;.V.;:. CODied fron cird, 
 
 H.V.K. First exDOEurc. 10" 
 
 V.:.;. Second ooneecutive exnoEure. 1^' 
 
 H.V.M. Copied frorn cnrd. 
 
 31?1
 
 
 222 —
 
 Case. B.Id.. age 21, female, slnple: high prade moron plue derientia 
 praecox hebephrenia. Father killed In a fight, one of his aeeall- 
 ante was hanged, the. other suicided; father wee alcoholic deeerted 
 hl8 wife once. Uother married twice, separated fron second husband; 
 she Is chronic alcoholic, prostitute, and now In itate Insane Aey- 
 lum. Case Is one of 11 children; she reached fifth grade In echool: 
 has been In Juvenile Court and otT.er institutions; has been a pros- 
 titute; present arrest, living with a nan to Khoa she ras not T.arried. 
 
 -S.V.M. Plret erpoture, 10". n 
 
 econd conaecutlTe eipoeure, 10" 
 
 5-b.V.U. Third eonsBcutlre exposure. 10' 
 
 B-ii.V.M. ?ourth consecutive exposure, 10' 
 
 — ;J23 —
 
 r--a.V.i:. Fifth conpecutlvs exposure. 10 
 
 B-S.V.M. Sixth consecutive exposure, 10 
 
 B-E.7.1J. Seventh 
 
 -ooneeciitlve exoosure 
 
 E-S.V.i:. Copied from card. 
 
 ^yl^yix2^ 
 
 /fiiAy^^ 
 
 J^^^ ^.^d 
 
 a4«^^«. ,r/i. /V^^ a^I^/^ 
 
 
 -224 —
 
 Case, P.St., age 45, male, married, deserted family, low/grade socio- 
 path- psychopathic constitution, chronic alcohollsrn. 
 
 B.S.V.M. Second consecutive exposure, 10' 
 
 B-S.V.M. Third consecutive exposure. 10 
 
 B.S.V.M. 
 
 Fourth consecutive exposure, 10". 
 
 3. S.V.I.:, Fifth congeoutive exposure, 10". 
 
 — 22,i —
 
 v: 
 
 j.i.V.:.'.. Slyth consecutive exposure. 10' 
 
 exposure, 10" 
 
 336 —
 
 incro'jE Qrrnfltn' 
 
 '^tU '^'J'^-\ "^'^ ''• female; hi^h ?rade rotiopath dc- 
 
 H08M?Dl ^ °" "^ comnitted her to the Ps:-chOT,°tMc 
 
 B-S.V.::. i'lrst oj-Dorure, 10". 
 
 ^-H 
 
 B-t.v.;:. s 
 
 eoond confecvtive ey.DOe-v.T&. 10" 
 
 rhird consecutive cyroFure, 10' 
 
 u 
 
 E-E.V.i:. ?OT;rth consecutive eypofure. 10". 
 
 £.t.V.M. Fifth coneecutiTe exposure, 10"
 
 e expoeuic. lO" 
 
 B-S.V.M. SeTenth ooneeoutiTe expscure. 10". 
 
 B.S.V.M. i:ighth oonEecutlve exposure, 10" 
 
 B-S.V.;:. ninth consecut 
 
 B-t.V.l'.. Tenth conseoiit ive eruosure. lo" 
 
 rr 
 
 B»9.V.M. Bleventh consecutlTe eyrposnre. 10' 
 - ^ 228 _
 
 B-E.V.i:. Twelfth oonseout Ive eipuaure. 10" 
 
 — -- 
 
 ■ 
 
 
 ■J 
 
 k . 
 
 
 -S.V.i:. Thirteenth coneeoutlve expoeure. lO". 
 
 B-S.V.i:. sixteenth .ooneecutlve exposure. 10" 
 — 229 —
 
 ?-£.V.y. Seventeenth consecutive exposure, 10' 
 
 . V.M. Eighteenth conseoutlTe expoBnre, 10". 
 
 .V .v.. Nineteenth consecutive expoeure', 10". 
 
 -i.V.'j. Twer.tieth oonset^utive exposure 
 — 230 —
 
 T?-!; . V..''. T-.ver.ty-£ecorid conEecut'. 
 
 outiTc exooEv.re. 10' 
 
 V 
 
 B-i".V.::. Iwentjr-third cor.eecutive crposure, 10" 
 
 L 
 
 >.'•.','.. ?*er,*:;-roi:rth consecutive exfosure. IJ"
 
 B-S.V.i:. Twenty-Eixth consecutive exposure, 10". 
 
 '?«!-er.ti--ei?hth consecutive exposure, 10" 
 
 — 332 —
 
 '.venty-ninth conKccKtivc exposure 10' 
 
 f 
 
 S--. ■/.•'. Thirtieth c-onseuul; 
 
 ve expofure, 10" 
 
 I Na* 
 
 E-i.V.:'. Thirt;,'-f Iret consec.itive e7.nos\ire, 10" 
 
 .''.. Chlrt.v-feoonl conseov.tive cynoei;-p v 
 — 233 —
 
 5-S.V.I,;. Thirty-third consecutive exposure. 10' 
 
 B-S.V.W. ?hirty-fifth consecutive exposure, 
 
 Copied from card. 
 — 234 —
 
 J^^e^^t^^^ 
 
 /^^^ 
 
 ■^°^°"^°^^^^;i^-"--re. 
 
 (Uf^^ 
 
 
 /Cyyi^ 
 
 
 — 23.J —
 
 .V.M. TiTBt expo 
 
 ■ure. 16"/16"- 
 
 ond consecutive exposure. 1B"/15". 
 
 V.K. Third con: 
 
 ■eoutive' expot-ure, 
 
 15-A6" 
 
 .v.. CoBiei! ■froni card. 
 
 :.'.•{(;
 
 Caee, R,An.. age £6, female, single, Huesian. in U.S. 7 years: low 
 grade sociopath plus denentia praecox hebephrenia. Arrested for 
 soliciting. 
 
 B.S.V.M. First exposure. 10". 
 
 .V.U. Second consecutive exposure, 10" 
 
 3^ 
 
 B-S.V.U. Third consecutive exposure. 10". 
 B-S.V.i'i. Fourth consecutive exTJOSure . 10" • 
 
 '^ 
 
 -iT 
 
 B-6.V.M. Fifth coneocntiv* exposure, 10' 
 
 ,S.V.U. Sixth consecutive exposure, 10' 
 — 237 —
 
 (^ ffi 
 
 5 
 
 B.S.V.M. Seventh consecutive exposure, 10' 
 
 O 
 
 « 
 
 3 S.V.!/. Eighth consecutive exposure. 10' 
 
 I.S.V.n:. Copied frdT^card. 
 
 H.V.M. First exDOSure. 10" 
 
 H.V.M. Second consecutive exposure, 10 
 
 H.V.M. Copied from ct-rd, 
 
 238 —
 
 Case, ir. ;.;&., Qpe £7. fenale. carried: hiph prade moron plus le-r.cntifc 
 praecox hebephrenia. Porced r;arriagc vrhcn £hc v.-as five r.onthe rirep- 
 nant, married a feeblc-ainded nun '.vho -as a thief and had rerved a 
 term in Joliet. and '.vhotc nothor and father V7crc both chronic alco- 
 lics. fr.thcr cocr.ittinp Eiiicidc. Her hi;tband's sitter his illepiti- 
 mato child and hie brother ic n chronic alcoholic. Gate has several 
 8tab 7;ound6 ; she ic •.vhite, v/cs arrested in a colored houfe. Her hus- 
 band is now in Joliet prison; she h^s been livinit as nan und rife 
 with a colored nan for some tirrie. 
 
 B-i.V.l'.. Jr'irst expos-, re, 10". 
 
 F-i.V.;:. Second consecutive exposure. 10". 
 
 .hird consecutive exposure. 10' 
 
 2.19
 
 B-S.V.t. Fourth consecutiv 
 
 e exposure. IQ- 
 
 -t^.V.I.r. Fifth consecutive exDOSure. 10 
 
 B. S. V. M. Sixth eonseoiitive exposure. 10". 
 
 '^•""•'th CO-. 
 
 
 — 240 —
 
 .7.B. Third oonseeutlTe expoonre, 10" 
 — 241 —
 
 R.V.K. Fourth ooneec-utive espoeure. 
 
 V v.M. Copied from card. 
 
 242 —
 
 Case, i.Ew.. female, age 20. Exnele, laundry worlter: fair averape 
 intelligence plus denentla praecox hebenhrenia plus oreoaralytic 
 
 denentla plus chronic alcoholisn. rather iied aee JO. studied 
 nedicine after marriage, had drug store, l^other, age ^7. married 
 twice, 7 children ty first husband, none by second; she iired *il>- 
 second husband about a year when he died; cannot rencTnbcr his first 
 name, -'e brother E. shot a neighbor's cott; qs a seouence the 
 mother was put in insane asylum for a short tine, £. has had 3 
 other arrests; she and her mother are now arrested for having men 
 in their rooms; K. ie filthy and In rags. Che mother's ns.vchopathic 
 tests folloT these. 
 
 .1.:. First exposure. 10". 
 
 E-t.V,r.. Second ooneecutiv* exposure, 10" 
 
 -i.V.M. Third consecutive ezpoeure, 10" 
 
 B-S.V.M. ?ourth consecutive exposure, 10 
 — 243 —
 
 B-i.V.i;. Fifth consecutive expoBure, 10 
 
 E-S.V.M. I.'inth consecutive exoosure, 10' 
 — 244 —
 
 vLrlecr,^^- consccvtive cynosure . U' 
 
 E-S.V.U. Copied fron card.
 
 H.V.M. Second consecutive exposure, 10". 
 
 H.V.M. Third consecutive exposure, 10" ^ 
 
 / / LJ I 
 
 H.V.M. Fourth consecutive exposure. 10' 
 — 246 —
 
 H.V.M. Copied from card. 
 
 R-i;.V.". t;econd ?ri>il. Kirtt nnd t-econd cypoEiires 
 10" each. 
 
 
 ^ ^>-x.^^-t^ >^ t-9^f. 
 
 247
 
 Coeo, :i.An., n^e "If, fonolo, ncrrlod r.nd eepnrnted: middle pVnde adron 
 pliic doriPntln proocojc hcbcohronln. Fnthrr married three tlr.icc. all 
 throe \7lvoc docortlnr hlrr.; he ci:lclded o,:e {,!?. Kothcr dceerlci her 
 fuobond und ran Qv;ny '.vlth nnothcr nin. Jate ie ciothcr of 6 children, 
 nil In hotncB ; once Ic ■.vhlto, nrrccted In n colored house. Lhc 1e 111 
 lltoroto. docorto her hone and tulee cnellc of wondcrlnp. 
 
 B.S.V.U. Second consecutive exposure, 10". 
 
 B.S.V.ir. First e:cpOE'jre. 10". 
 
 ^rth consecutire
 
 .V,!.;. Fifth consccBtive cxuoEure, 10" 
 
 B-b.V.;,.. Copied from cord. 
 
 ''\ 
 
 Z.\'.y. First exposure. 10". 
 
 Z.V.'.'. LGcond consccutivr. 
 expoeure, 10". 
 
 .V.;j. Copied from cnrd. 
 
 — 349 —
 
 -'utc, H.Jo., a^e r6, nalc. clnfle: hlph ^rode noron. marVcd oeycVo- 
 piit>ilc conptUutlon. J- I'onllc parcels. Cool:; woe llvlnp T.tth a 
 wonan; woll-ltnown pol.co chariicter; norphlniet and chronic nlcohollc. 
 
 ?iret exposure, D" 
 
 P.C.V.''. "CC 
 
 ond consecutive e>;poture, 10" 
 
 E.'tJ.V.:.!. Third consecutive 
 exposure. 10". 
 
 B-i..V.:.:. Fourth coneecutive exposure. 10" 
 
 -S.V.M. Fifth consecutive e7po£ure, 10' 
 — 350 —
 
 .S.y.M. Sixth consec'-itive exposure, 10 
 
 E-S.V.l.'. Seventh consec-jtive exoosin 
 
 B-S.V.U. Eighth consecutive exposure. 10". 
 
 B-S.V.l!. i.'inth coneccutiv 
 
 e exDosure, 10' 
 
 B.S.V.r.. Copied froni card. 
 — 251 —
 
 H.V.!.?. First 
 
 exDosure, lo' 
 
 H.V.!:. fiecond 
 
 oonsecT;tive exnoeu 
 
 Vive, 10' 
 
 ".V.?:. Third consecutive exposure, 10' 
 
 H.V.?.!. Copied fron; ccrd, 
 — 252 —
 
 .'.". First exTiosxiTc . Ifr" /l^' 
 
 Z.V.v. Peconi conscciitive e.xposure, lE'VlS' 
 
 bird consccTit Ive exposure, If"/!^' 
 
 '.V.?.'. "or.rth consecil ive 
 exposure. ir"/16". 
 
 Z.V.rr. Copied from card. 
 — 353 —
 
 Cate, R.Jo. . a^-e TO. mule, single. The followlrif vicual mcmorv r.£-. 
 ohopnlhlc tests were done ten days later than thoee Immedlatelv ore 
 
 B-S.V.U. Second consecutive ezrosure. 10". 
 
 B.S.V.M. Third consecutive exposure. 10". 
 
 B-&.V.1'. Fourth consecutive exposure , 10' 
 
 B. S.V.I!. 'Fifth consecutive exposure. 10". 
 
 B.S.V.M. Copied from card. 
 
 — ™'J4
 
 H.V.LI. Ftret exposure. 10' 
 
 H.V.).'. Second oonseoi'tive exposure, 10' 
 
 H.y.:,:. Th 
 
 ird consecutive exposure. 10' 
 
 II. v.!.'.. Copied from C5rd. 
 
 ^-iifc-.^. ....__. '^MUL 
 
 — 355
 
 Cnro, 7. Or,, nfc' n , lu-.i.c, narried- >ir.d ccofiTuica: luLr a\-cra(-e in- 
 • tolllgenco plue pcj'chopnt.hlc conetllution. norphlnist and cocalniet, 
 father ape 57, clerk, very nervous. hlFh-lenpcred. :;othcr ape 4£. 
 divorced flrcl huebnnd, very nervous, underwent treatment for her 
 ncrvoc; mother hac broihi-r elnllurly afflicted, one brother dronk 
 hlnrclf to death at ape 40. Caec got to elphth frade in fchool,.haE* 
 lllcjrl t Imrjte child now £ yccre old; ehe has alternatod in worVing and 
 in proet itiition; narried two years nro and sulircnuently left her hue- 
 baad ; hoc been \i6lng cocnlne and norphine for yenre; arrested for 
 rollcitlng. 
 
 £.V.I,:. F i ret 'exposure . 10". 
 
 E-t.V.l.'.. Second consecutive e^poEure. 10 
 
 !*-£. V. 
 
 "hird consecutive exposure, 10" 
 
 5-S.V.I,;. Fourth consecutive e:^Tioeure. 10" 
 
 ,V.;.;. Fifth ccneeoutlve expOBure. 10", 
 — 256 —
 
 L V.!'. Siytl^ consecutive exposure. 10' 
 
 P-f. V.;'. Seventh concecutLve exposure, 10". 
 
 E--.V.:.'. Elg-hth consccx-.tive cxpoeurc 
 Copied fron; ccrd. 
 
 H.V.L:. First e-ADOriirc. 1j' 
 
 inicrl froM crd. 
 
 357
 
 Caee, H.An., ape 7A , female: hlg^h grade moron pine dementia praecox 
 hebephrenia plus llpht prnde chronic alcohollBm. Repeatedly arrested 
 elnce nfe 11; hne been llvlnp v/lth a man. never legally married to 
 him; pregnant twice but aborted each time. Arrested 5 tlmee in Morale 
 Court. Hae profeeeed religion and joined the church three times, re- 
 lapsed each time. Has been cocalnist, inmate of disorderly house; 
 present arrest for eoliciting. School age 7 to 14. reached 4th grade. 
 
 E-S.V.J, 
 
 Fourth consecutive exposure, 10". 
 — 858 —
 
 B-E.V.M. Copied from card. 
 
 
 259 —
 
 ■^ 1, „,.^ f.1 m..t><>r of r.'^w, prccodin»J cficc: fair avcriago 
 i?ricuJ rlth dauphlof . harinp mon In roome for Imr.orol purpoeec. 
 
 B-S.V.i:. First expoeure, 10" 
 
 +M 
 
 -- • -5. Second con6ecutl%-e exposure, 10 
 
 — 260 —
 
 H.V.M. Second fionsecutive erpos-ure, 10". 
 
 H.V.U. Third consecutive exposure. 10' 
 
 K.V.?.'.. Copied from card. 
 
 261 —
 
 J, ./If,/ l^^^ 
 
 '^ 
 
 ^v. ■0wJ^V^'^ 
 
 
 — 262 —
 
 PERFORMANCE TESTS— DOMESTIC RELATIONS BRANCH 
 
 CoEe, '.Jo., age 43, a&le. nncried; hl(:h grade Doron plus denentia 
 praecox katatoaia plua chronic alcohollem. This Is hi^ fifth ar- 
 rest In Domestic Relations Court; has served three terms In House 
 of Correcllon; present arrest drunkenness, abuse and non-supoort. 
 
 B.i,V,M. Fourth consecutive exposure, 10"
 
 p-s.v 
 
 ,.... 7inh consec^tvv. ex.o.«r.. 10" 
 
 ^_< 
 
 B-S.V.U. copied fron csrd. 
 
 .V.M. First exposure, 10". 
 
 M 
 
 H.V.M. Second oonBeciitive expoBure, lO" 
 
 H.V.M. Third oonFeoiitive exposu 
 
 re, la" 
 
 H.V.M, Fovrth co«secwtivc exposure. 10' 
 
 — 264 —
 
 H.V.Ii. ?lfth consecutive expoEure, 10". 
 
 H.V.M. Copied from cord 
 
 2.V.M. Flret exposure 
 
 . U"/lt". 
 
 i.V.11, Second ooneecutlve eTpoeure, 16"/16'' 
 
 Z.V.M. Third ooneecutlve exposure, 16", 15" 
 
 J.V.K. Pourth eonaeoutlve exposure. lfi"/16". 
 
 — 265-
 
 Hue been mar- 
 
 IwJhou" Sruol. .n« "in notv.ort: 
 
 both children ore doxcctivc, 
 The 
 
 kroohollc. cruel and "l^l/°\;;°[^- ^for nurdcr In Oollet. Th 
 HuBband hoB brother -oyvlng » ;^2^°1^|g'been previously arrested 
 iTu :^L"ln"ofa":;arrrt'frher\ucband To? eruelty an. non-sup- 
 port, yhe has attorapted Dulclde twice. 
 
 ^^ 
 
 , Y.M. First exposure, 10' 
 
 B.S.V.f. Second ooneecutlve exposure, 10' 
 
 B.S.V.M. Third consecutive 
 exposure. 10". 
 
 B.: 
 
 .V.M. Fourth eoneecutive 
 exposure, lo". 
 
 — 266 —
 
 E-S.V.M. Copied from card. 
 
 E.V.JJ. piret exposure, lo" 
 
 H.V.?.r. Second confecuttve exoosure. 10" 
 
 H.V.M. Copied from card. 
 
 — :iGT —
 
 Z.V.«. First exposure. lb"/\b". 
 
 Z.V.V. a«conl consecutire expoEure, 16"/16". 
 
 Z.V.M. Copied from card. 
 
 — 268
 
 Co'c " Kb. nee 40. female, narried. 2 children: low grade moron pins 
 
 Old type! 8he is four feet eleven inches tall and weighs 107 pounds: 
 it took throe policemen to arrest her. 
 
 '/.:•. First expoEure. 10" 
 
 -S.V.-.:. i^econd consecutive exposure. 10" 
 
 u V •■ "hl-d consecutive exposure. 10" 
 
 /^ 
 
 Q 
 
 ft. 
 
 5^ i^+.'/yf\'V*\fl 
 
 \^~ ^V'' ^ /i - -g.E.V.!.!. Fourth consecutive exposure. 10 
 
 H.V.i:. First exroEure. 10". 
 — 2(59 —
 
 V 'I Louonl conECCuVlvo pynopnr 
 
 / 
 
 ^ <-''' p. v.;-. ?hlrd coneeoutire exposure, 10' 
 
 H.V.?!. Fourth confecuti^'e e^rnoeuio. 
 
 ilh cxunplc 
 
 270 —
 
 Caee, T.Al.. oge 43. male, nnrrled; high grade noron pluE dementia 
 praecox hebeohrenla plBB demcntlo paralytica plus olcohollsn. HlB 
 wife hae been the support of the houee for some tine. He contractea 
 eyphllle age 13. Present arfect non-support. 
 
 -^ 
 
 -t 
 
 ^v 
 
 , / 
 
 E-£.V.M. First exposure, lO". 
 
 \. 
 
 
 -L'r^' 
 
 B-S.V.i:, teoond consecutive exposure, 10" 
 
 
 B-£.V,1'.. Third consecutive exposure, 10" 
 
 
 ?-:.'.'. r. t'oplel froTi enrd. 
 
 — 271
 
 .V.M. Plret expoeure. 15'7l6" 
 
 .V.M. Second oonseoutivo expoEiire. 16"/1E 
 
 .V.I,'. Third conEecutivc pxposure. IB'/IS" 
 
 "o.oiei froTi o 
 
 — 279 —
 
 d^;^^' ^ 
 
 ^^^ 
 
 
 27:{ —
 
 CaBo. I.. I?., nge tS. male, n.arrlod; hlj?h jrade rr.oron. ntyoVopntvic 
 conelUutlon plue domontln pnrnlyllcn plur chronic '■Icohollfm. Hoe 
 one chll'l llvlnp- has deecrled fnmll.v at Intervalt rlrht 'ilonp: 
 Blfo haE had to rupport hoiite; he it abusive nnl threatens her lll'e, 
 Hae had delirium treraene ; pot ne far ae fifth grade In echool; has 
 f.orved five eentenoee In Houpc of Correction: prcfcnt arrcet croclty 
 nnd non-cunport. 
 
 .Y.U. 
 
 I^ Pirst exposure. 10"' 
 
 B-S.V.U. Second consecutive exposure, 10" 
 
 Ird consecutiTe exoosure. 10"
 
 275 —
 
 — 27G —
 
 E-E.V.:,:. Eighth consecutive exposure 
 
 xposure, 10' 
 
 B-S,V.I,;. Ninth consecutive exposure 
 
 B-£.V.i!. Copied from card.
 
 H.V.I.!. Second conseoutlve expoeure, 10' 
 
 H.V.K. Third consecutive exposure. lOr 
 
 R.v.M. Copied from card. 
 
 — 278 —
 
 '^-se, .-i.An. . fent^le, narrl 
 
 pra " 
 
 has 
 
 Ity 
 
 B-i.V.!i. First exposure. 10". 
 
 V 
 
 a 
 
 B-S.V.U. Second consecutlre exposure, 10". 
 
 a 
 
 H.V.M. Third coneecutiTe exposure, 10". 
 
 I 
 
 ^V>7'7n/lyK7vyrv^->fV7--^\A*'-'^^^^ 
 
 B-E.V.H. Fourth consecutive exposure, 10". 
 
 B-E.V.i:. Fifth eoneecutlve exposure, 10". 
 
 >/-/^/'rY lA^A'^^ 
 
 -S.V.I!. oUth consecutive erpoeure, 10" 
 
 — a79 —
 
 J 1 
 
 o 
 
 B-S.V.M. Seventh consecutiTe exposure, 10". 
 
 B-S.V.y. iUnth consecutive exposure, 10" 
 
 — 280
 
 -1 
 
 ; J^-S.V.u. Copied from cai 
 
 \/Vwv 
 
 H.V.K. First exposure. 10 
 
 VfwYOrvVV\^^/\/Vv...^vvvVVVVl/v^^ 
 
 \ ] 
 
 jixLi,^ ,-£Aw-<f" -€^Cuc^ .£„^,,,^£^ ^<Z^, ^.ti-.*.-*^ ^^^Zi^,.^,^ i^^'*^ J^^"^^ 
 J.^-^-v^,-*-^^/^*-' 'l^ ■£.^^^-^..,-.-^. ^.'^i' ^.<^^r^ /^■-'-^^^ -^^-^^^ 
 
 H.V.M. Second consecutive exposure. 10".- ' 
 
 T 
 
 H V V. Third oonsecvtlve exposure. 10". 
 — ;i8i —
 
 w 
 
 M^ 
 
 -i^ 'T'UL^a^i^'Z/ Xl-^A^t^ .^c^^y'-'^^yt/ /i?-t-tf<^ 
 
 H.V.K. Fourth consecutive exposure. 10". 
 
 -^rVYVVVVXA/^^^^^^^^^^^^^/^^^VVv/lA/V/v^^^-xA/xAv^^^ 
 
 H.V.).^ Copied from card, 
 
 Symbol. First exposure with 
 
 card.
 
 Caee. II. 0., ag« 46, female, wife of CO. High grade moron plus 
 dementia praecox hebephrenia plus light grade chronic alcohol- 
 Ism pluB preparalytic dementia (conjugal pareele). 
 
 B-S.7.y. Second consecutive expocure, 10" 
 
 B-S.V.!.!. Third consecutive expoeure, 10". 
 
 B-C.V.','. Fifth 
 
 oo.neeoutive exposure, lo". 
 — 283 —
 
 i.V.H. Ninth consecutive exposure, 10" 
 
 S-E.V.!'. Tenth concccutlve oxpoi.-ure, -ith cxoir.plc. 
 
 284
 
 V.!.;. 7hird consecutiTe expjEure. 10 
 
 // Symbol with eianple. 
 
 — 285 —
 
 Caic. I.. tin., nfc 39. fcmnLc. rwnricd, Antr lean: hlph pr'Me "loron plus 
 dementia praocox hebophrnnln nluE chronic filcohollEm; she hie served 
 Uo torma In the Houee of Correction. Her raothcr v.ne imirrled twice, 
 liepnraled from aeoond hurbnnd, wlo wkb n chronic alcoholic; nother 
 hnd « brother In the baetnrdy court, entered In forced narrlaje. 
 ;aee has had her hutband In Donveetlo ;<clattone Court eleven tlmee ; 
 he tried to poison her three tlmee; ehe tried to conmlt suicide once ; 
 ehe has deluelonc of Infidelity; now hae her hiieband In Doneetic Re- 
 latione Court for non-eupport and docs not want to live with him. 
 He iB ape 45'. Polish. In U.£. since eighteenth year; he Is a chronic 
 alcoholic and hae eerved a torn In the Houee of Correction. His fa- 
 ther is also a chronic alcoholic and cruel to his wife. They have Z 
 eons living- , both have been arrested. The visual memory psychopathic 
 test of one of f-o rons. J'.Pr.. afe IB. is {-iven with the Po.ve Court 
 cases. 
 
 First exposure. 10" 
 
 iecond consecutive exposure. 10 
 
 V.r. Vhird coneccTitive exposure. 10 
 
 tive exposnro, 10" 
 
 B S V U Fifth consecutive expos-re. 10". 
 — 286 —
 
 .S.V.y. iji;<th conrec'Jtive or.posure, 10' 
 
 B-E.V.U. Soverith cor.secutive exposure. 10' 
 
 .S.V.M. Zighth concecutii-e cxpoEi;re, 10' 
 
 B-S.V.Y. CoBied from curd, 
 
 287 —
 
 n 
 
 H.V.W. First exposi;ro, 10' 
 
 H. \'.V. Socor^d 
 
 cor.secutire e:-: 
 
 post; re. IQ' 
 
 H.V.M. Third consecutive expoetire, 10' 
 
 cuD 
 
 H,V,V, Corled froq cnrd 
 
 " ^f -^^,^--0 
 
 ^388 —
 
 Cecc. I'-. Bo., a^e '..'',. male, narried: of ropfhebephrenia plui' prepara- 
 lytic denentia plus chronic alcoholisn. Carried 14 years, one child 
 living ape G, ie feeble-alnded. Has deserted his wile and child a 
 'couple of times; has delusions of infidelity; threatens vrife'e life. 
 She is a high grade coron. Case has always been a ne 'cr-do-77ell and 
 she has altjays had to look out for her b-rn support. He is out of 
 House of Correction two days, where he has .lust served a terra, fife 
 had to have him arrested again as he threatens her life. 
 
 3-S.V.I.:. First exposure. 10". 
 
 ^k' 
 
 / 
 
 u 
 
 E-t.V.M. Second consecutive exoosure. 10". 
 
 B-S.V.M. Third consecutive exposure, 10". 
 
 B-S.V.X Fourth consecutive exposure. 10". 
 
 3-S.V,U. Fifth consecutive exoosure 10" 
 — 289 —
 
 CvA 
 
 ,0 
 
 B-t.V.I.:. sixth consecutive enosure, 10" 
 
 l^ 
 
 -S.V.K. Copie'l from cnrd. 
 
 H.V.J,;. First 
 
 exposure. In", 
 
 H.V.". Second consecutive cJ:DO£ure, 10" 
 
 H.V.r. Third consecutive exposure, 10". 
 
 il.V.t'. Fourth consecutive excosure, 10" 
 
 H.V.r. Copied from card. 
 
 — ^90
 
 27, feaiile, r.arricd; hifh grade moron plus denentia 
 
 .'ii;c, ;.. r.. age -Li, leaiiie, .T.arricd; hifh grade moron plus denentia 
 praecoj: kttntonia (pnronoid) plus chronic alcohollsn, oomnitled to 
 the PsychopAthlc Hofpltal; she i^as discharged fron one of the S^tnte 
 VoEpllaTB for the Insane ' r-.onths ago; Ehe has dclrrions of Infidel- 
 ity ani BlEo Eex ieluElons ooncerninc her toy, ape IE; neighbors 
 have httd to call on police at freqr.ent interi-Qls to quell her. tihe 
 »a6 prevlouEly arreeted and Is nov; arrested for creating n dletiir- 
 bence in the neighborhood, on the conclaint of the neithbore. Her 
 husband is s chronic alcoholic and dererted her three or four tlm«6. 
 
 B-b.V.ir. Third- consecutive exposure. 10". 
 
 B-S.V.M. Fourth consecutive exposure. lO-"* 
 
 B.E.V.K. Sixth consecutive expoEure, 10". 
 
 B.S.V.M. Seventh consecutive exposure. 10- 
 
 — 291 —
 
 B-b.'.V- Klphth conEecutivs oxnoBure, 10 
 
 B. S.V.I'. Ninth consecutive exposure, 10 
 
 B.S.V.M. Tenth coneecutive exposure, 10". 
 
 B-S.V.M. Copied from card 
 
 V.L". First exposure, 10" 
 
 ^ m 
 
 U.V.M. icco 
 
 nd coa'-ecutlvc e:cpoE'jre, 10" 
 
 H.7.V. Third consecutive e:tposure , 10" 
 
 C3n 
 
 H. 7.1:7 Fourth ooneecutiv 
 
 e cxooeure. 10" 
 
 — 292
 
 Symbols. Copied from card 
 
 iJ 
 
 U 
 
 Symbols. Copied from card. 
 
 A^n^o. 
 
 
 yyyu<^ ~J^ 
 
 — 293
 
 PRAIRIE DIVISION 
 TO BE INSPECTED 
 IN TWO WEEKS 
 
 Ca/pp Ix»r»n. noimion. T»x % Marah 
 1^.<i_(8p«olAll— Another 4h»p«^n^n- irf' 
 ttifi rrnlrlo dlvldlon In to b* hold in <*o 
 \vc«l(«. Thl» nnhouncMn*r»t viom Riad* 
 lodoy nt dlvtalon h»«iiquttrt«r». ' Th» 
 inupccllon Ju»l nnlBbod Viii* Iftly th^ 
 
 "Xho mw of the dlvlsldn nr* rt(p«ct« 
 In •how a afcat a«al i>^ Improvement, 
 within th« n«xt two w*cki«. Defects , 
 hare be«n polritod out t,o the orgAfl- 
 i/Htlon commantJerH and theue defects 
 aiT e:i[wct»d to he remedied at onc^-* 
 
 SerKt. Claufl*- K. Mn«on and Private 
 Uoland Pyc of Company M of the On« 
 Hundred nnd Thirty second Infantry 
 «cro tried by a court-martial thla 
 inornlnc on a. charaq tfiat they had 
 ronaplred to ithoot aflichi other In order 
 to eHi;»p» military service. 
 
 \ -t 
 
 
 
 294
 
 Case. C.Jo., age 27, female, married: imbecile, dementia praccoz 
 hebephrenia plus chronic alcoholism. J.:arried 10 years. 4 children 
 living, all are defective. She has served two terms in House of 
 Correction; wanders off, leaves children, f^ets irunk and consorts 
 with other men; husband has deserted her. 
 
 B-b.V.LI. First exposure, 10' 
 
 -S.V.IJ. Second consecutive exposure, 10' 
 
 -S.V.M, Copied from card.
 
 Caee, L.Ir.. ape 39, female, married: psychopathic constitution plus 
 chronic alcohol it-m. Husband had her brought in. 
 
 J^ 
 
 B-£,V.M. First exposure. 10". 
 
 tiFiB 
 
 0., 
 
 B-S,V,M. becond consecutive eypoeure, 10". 
 
 3-b,V.n. Third consecutive exposure, 10' 
 
 3-£.V.l^ Fourth consecutive exposure, lo' 
 
 .a^ 
 
 .-> 
 
 E-S.V.M. Fifth consecutive exposure, 10' 
 
 E-S.V,i:. Copied from card.
 
 Cose. S.Ed., age 29. nnle, married: high grade borderland sroelopath 
 plus'dementia praecox hebephrenia plus chronic alcoholieni. Married 
 14 years, wife divorced him once for chronic alcoholiem. cruelty 
 and non-Bupport ; she remarried him; his v.-ife is psychopathic; they 
 have one child who inherits the parents' psychopathy. Case has dey 
 lusions of infidelity; has had two arrests in Domestic Relations 
 Court; wife supnorte the family. Preser,t arrest cruelty n^irt non- 
 support. 
 
 B-S.V.M. Firet exnotu.re, 
 
 10" 
 
 E-S.V.;/. Second concecutive expocure,, 10' 
 
 -S.V.y. 'rhird consecutive exoosurc. 10' 
 
 B-t;.V..V, Fourth consecutive exposure. 10' 
 
 B-S.V.\f. Fifth cont;ecutl 
 
 ve exposure. 10". 
 -297 —
 
 3-S.V.l-'.. Siyth consecutive exnosure. 10' 
 
 B-S.V.M. Seventh conseci;tive eypoEure, 10". 
 
 B-E.V.M. Cot>ied from card. 
 
 — 298 —
 
 R.V.M. First exposure, 10' 
 
 H.V.I.I. Second consecutive expoEiire, 10' 
 
 H.V.H. Third consecutive eyposure, 10' 
 
 1 
 
 H.V.V. Fourth consecutive exposure. 10' 
 
 H.V.K. Copied from card. 
 - - 2\)\> - -
 
 Caoc. W.Jto.. ftgo f-l. female, mnrrled: fair averoce Intelligence, 
 dementia pruocox pluo prcsonllc dementia plue chronic alcohollen. 
 Che had token 16 curoc for olcohollcn v.ithout rccult. HuBband 
 pej'chopnthlc plue chronic alcoholic. Four children living. She le 
 quarrolromo, fibuslvc. uaec vile language. Brought Into court on 
 account of nbuEe and slcoholiEir.. 
 
 ,V.y. First exposjure 10" 
 
 -w.V.M. Second consecutive exposure. 10". 
 
 E-S.V.Kr. Third consecutive exposure. 
 
 B-S.V.V- Fourth conEccutive exposure, 10" 
 
 -^:^ 
 
 E-i;.V.:.!. Fifth consecutive exposure, 10". 
 
 B-r.V.a. Eixth eonsecuti 
 
 ve exposure. 10". 
 
 — 300 —
 
 -S.V.I'. Seventh consecutive exoosure, 10' 
 
 -S.V.l'u Eighth consecutive exooFure, 10". 
 
 B-S.V.ii. ninth consoeutlve exnoeure. 10" 
 
 B-S.V.;.i. 'Jenth consecutive exposure. 10". 
 
 _P 
 
 B-S.V.j:. Copied Irom card. 
 — 301
 
 Cucf CO. Qpc 43. male, mfrried: lov/ grade sociopath pluE 
 domcnlla proecox hebephrenia plue chronic alcohollem plue 
 dementia paralytica. He Id the hueband of II. 0. v.hoee teste 
 follow. Prccenl arrest non-cupport and abuee. 
 
 t. t 
 
 -\ 
 
 >.'-.'/. v.. 'fMret exposure. 10" 
 
 ^. 
 
 £ 
 
 B.S.V.y. ;:econd consecutive exposur 10' 
 
 P 
 
 3-S.V,I.;. Third consecutive exposure, v.ith example. 
 
 L'vmbol v.-ith example. 
 
 — 302 —
 
 ./ 
 
 
 
 o^-.M^a-'^.^^ -^ rfi:A^-^^ 
 
 ^ ^ '^ // ''^ 
 
 303 —
 
 Colo, .'Mil., n(!0 Z'J , male, married: high prade moron pluc dcncntla 
 prnocox hclicphronlc pluc chronic ulcoholicm. '.Vlfe hifh grfedo moron; 
 thoy hove 7 children llvln»r; he hoo had delirium trenene , ie very 
 abuolvoi brooks up furniture and dlehee. V.'lfe has been the princi- 
 pal support of the family for years; he has had throe arrcets In the 
 past year, i'rccent arrect drunkenness, abure and non-support. 
 
 B-t;.V.r.. First exposure, 10". 
 
 IV.s. \'. y\ Set'oiul conspciitive extmsuro. 1(»". 
 
 — .V.w. Third consecutive exposure ,■• 10' 
 
 — 304 — 
 
 re, 10'
 
 3.S.V.!.!. Fifth consecutive oxt50eurc. 10" 
 
 J.S.V.V.. ^l^th consecutive e^poeure 
 
 B.S.V.l'.. Seventh concecu 
 
 tivc exposure , 10". 
 
 B-S. V. M. Kii^^lith (•(Hiseciitivo pxposiiro. Cdjiied from canl. 
 
 — :!05
 
 H.V.V. ?lr8t ercoeuro, 10' 
 
 H.V.U. Seoond conEecutlve expoBure, 10 
 
 ^ , 
 
 '-^^ ■% 
 
 — 306
 
 CuBe, H.Ot., age 44, nalo, oarriod: hlfh grade r.oron, pcj-cbopclhlc 
 conEtltutlon plus chronic Slcohollcn. Heachcd fifth grade In echool. 
 Vifc pEychopathic. has boen orrected for dlcordcrly conduct, cen- 
 tcQced to !:ouEe of Correction for a year. He has had four arreste 
 in the Domeetio Relatione Court; they have 5 children livinp. Ke 
 ha8 deserted his family. 
 
 
 C.V.i:. First exDOture. 10". 
 
 E-S.V.;.:. ijeooni consecutive exposure, 10". 
 
 vm 
 
 E-;i.V.!~. Copied from card. 
 
 H.V.". First exposure. 10" 
 
 V •!. Seconi oontcculiTC exposure. 10' 
 
 H.V.:; 
 
 fl 
 
 P.V.!'. Copied frora cnrd. 
 
 
 — SOI
 
 Coeo C.Ed,, ago ZS. fcnolo. married; average Intcll Ucnce dTub no 
 mcntia praeco^ parnnoldoe. mmUnd had her^rouphtnto Court hnl 
 been ranrrlod ir yenre. hoB 3 children 'he ipft v»^ v,, = >- j .•, ° 
 once for 17 months, another time for 7 monthl s^^ ^o^v?"'* *""=* 
 a couple Of years ago; tholr en?lre married life hle^beon'onroTn' 
 tense friction; has delusions concerning her hulband "" 
 
 --S.V.M. Second coneecutl 
 
 ve exposure. 10 
 
 B-B.V,M. 
 
 rhlrd consecutive exoosure. 10' 
 
 / 
 
 g-'j;. V.;.:. Fourth consecutive exposure, 10" ~' 
 
 \l 
 
 E-S.V.I.:. Fifth consecutive exoosure, 10". 
 
 — r^os —
 
 B-S.V.:^. Copied from 
 
 H.V.;.:. First expoEure. 10". 
 
 I r 
 
 H.V.i:. Second conL■ec^;tlve exposure. 10" 
 
 I'.. Copied from cerd. 
 
 I 
 
 — 309 —
 
 Ciiec y.Va., Aire '.P. I'er.Mlo, r.-irricl: YiXrh Fr'ide roron. icicritia 
 proccox hcbophrcrilo, pi"?. llK^t- rrndc chronic olcohollcr-.. 
 
 B-t.V.;.:. Firet cxpoeu 
 
 E-£.V.!.:. Second consecutive exposure. 
 
 10- 
 
 B-ii.V.::. Third consecutive exposure, 10 
 
 S-E.V.:.:. Fourth consecutive exporure. 10' 
 
 — nio —
 
 jn -nzi ,^ l_j 
 
 LI 
 
 -E.V.l.I. ?ifth consecutive eynomre, 10 
 
 / 
 
 B--.V.L!. Siy.th concecutive exposure, 10 
 
 B-^.V.U. Seventh consecutive exposure, 10' 
 
 E-t.V.;.;. Copied from card 
 
 — :!ll
 
 H.V.M. First exposure. 10" 
 
 H.V.If. Second ooneecutive exposure, 10' 
 
 H.V.K. copied from card. 
 
 — 312
 
 CsEG, P. Ad., age C£, fenalc: high grade noron plus dementia praecox 
 paranoides. Father separated fron wife, v.as drov-ned. Mother mnr- 
 ried three tines, first husband drorned. second divorced, third hus- 
 band deserted her. Case married ofe ??, husband is livinp rlth 
 another woman, runs illicit Ijir. One son age 24, single, ne'er-do- 
 well; another son now under arrest In Boys Court, ■ne'er-do-well Hire 
 father; another son age 10 In Juvenile Court; son age 18 war sen- 
 tenced to House of Correction. 
 
 B-£.V.Ii. First cjtpOEure. 10". 
 
 E-S.V.!.;. ijecond oonsecutlve e/posure. 10" 
 
 E-E.V.I,:. Third consecutive exposure, 10' 
 
 E-S.V.i;. Fourth oonsccutiTe exposure, 10 
 
 B-K.V.U. Fifth conEeoutive ejposure, 10" 
 
 313
 
 ev-..,,i„ " ■, f>:"Ot!.i-o. ■.■■it). 
 
 — 314 —
 
 Case, E.Ua.. age 23, female, single: high grade moron plus dementia 
 praeoox hebephrenia plus preparalytic dementia plus chronic alcohol- 
 lem. '.Vas adopted from a home, ran away from foster parents age 13; 
 flTe arrests in Morals Court, present arrest after living with a man 
 for about a year. 
 
 , V.f.'. First exposure, "10". 
 
 Second consecutive exposure, lo 
 
 E-b.V.L'. Third consecutive exposure. 10' 
 
 B-i;.V.M. Fourth consecutive exposure, 10' 
 
 31.5 —
 
 E-S..V.M. Fifth consecutive exposure, 10' 
 
 B_S.'V.U. Copiecl froni caril. 
 
 — nifi —
 
 Case. t.Ui.. arc fO. .r.alo. mnrricd: fair avcrnrc i?i1 cl'i Ircnco . fc.-jilc 
 dement i'l pluG chronic ulcoholirm plui; pcychopathic conctitut ion. ''.tg 
 been arrested nine times, served eight termc in the House of Correc- 
 tion; ho has tal-on five or six of the procinent curer for alcrfholipm 
 v.-itho'jt result. Present arrest non-support and drun/cnnees. 
 
 wMMVa 
 
 uv 
 
 First exposure, 10". 
 
 B-S.V.:... Second contecutive exposure. 10 
 
 -S.V.:.:. Third consecutive e>:poBure 10" 
 
 B-S.V. r.. Copied frorn csrd 
 — 31
 
 Cofe, 'V.Au., (ipe £1, malo. narrled: hlfh frade borderlsnl noron plTis 
 domcntla praocox hcucphronln plus periodical nlcohollem. V.as 6 chil- 
 dren llvlnp, 3 dead; hns had 4 arreete In post year; he has delueionc 
 of infidelity, nccuccB v/lfc of all eorts of bestlollty, etc. ?recent 
 orrcct .drun}<onne8E , nbiitc and non-cupport. 
 
 ^' 
 
 ^ 
 
 P-£.V.!.;. First exposure. 10' 
 
 E-S.V.^J. Second consecutive exposure, 10". 
 
 H-L'.V.IJ. Copied fro3i card. 
 
 . V.i;. First exposure. 10' 
 
 H.V.'.'.. Second consecutlTe exposure, 10". 
 
 K.V.M. Copied from card. 
 
 :318 —
 
 Caee, ^.Ca., age £0. female: high grade moron plus dcnontla pruecox 
 hebephrenia plus chronic aloohollen; reached sixth prade in rchool. 
 "arrled age 21 to first husband, remarried one year after first hus- 
 band's death; her husband is a chronic alcoholic, Vas deserted her 
 a couple of times, and she has deserted him twice, the has been in 
 the State Insane Asylum at Kankakee, has taken and broken the niedpe 
 several timcE. In court contributing to the delinouency of her chil- 
 dren. 
 
 B-K.V.H. First exDoeure 10" 
 
 B.E.V.M. Second coneicutlve exposure. 10 
 
 E-E.V.M. Third consecutive exposure. 10". 
 
 P.f.V.H. Fourth consecutive exposure, 10' 
 
 B.E.V.K. Pifth conseevtlve exposur*, 10' 
 — 3 1 !) ---
 
 4 
 
 I. v.. Llxth consecutlTB expoEure. 10" 
 
 B.E.V.M, Seventh ooneec 
 
 utive expoBure, 10". 
 
 J.E.V.II. 
 Eighth consecutive exposure, 10" 
 
 lvc-i/i(, w-^L A^i-t ^y, /2^y^/^. c^^— r ; 
 
 ^jrUc^^x^ a-it-x^?, C^^^xC ^^^"^ 
 
 — 320 —
 
 TV 
 
 H.V.?,'. Eecond coneecutlve expos\;re, 10". 
 
 3, 
 
 H.V.M. Copied fron card 
 
 — 321
 
 Cnee Y.Ert. npe ZB. male. Elngle: fair Qverere Intelligence plus de- 
 mentia prnieoxp^raAoldeB. He IE also oocolnlet and morpv.iniet A 
 ehSrt roBumo of hlB hlEtory le elvon in the appendly.. .Ve commuted 
 hlra to the -.ychop.ithlc Hot-pi tnl. '.I-.cec vlEunl nernorieE are given 
 to lUuBtrate the point that v.hilc to the cREual observer they do not 
 eho^ any narked peculiar ItieE. nevertheleEs to the pFychopatholosir.t 
 ?amiUar clth the peycholofj of dementia praecox and superimpoEed 
 narcotism, they speak volumes. It tein? largely a matter of technical 
 knowledge. 
 
 E.S.V.M. First exposure, 10" 
 
 □ 
 
 B S V M. second consecutive exposure. 10" 
 
 Q 
 
 B-S.V.II. Copied from card 
 
 '..V.K. First exposure. 10' 
 
 H.V.M. Second consecutive exposure. ' 10"
 
 ^•■••.M. Third 
 
 conFeciitive oyposcre, ic 
 
 H.V.),T. Copied fror^ card. 
 
 
 ti k 
 
 ^^A^~^-^L^c(^ - "=^~^ 
 
 ;0 (► — ~ .i X^-,o7Zw^oC^ 
 
 A^^w 
 
 Ip-^^— I"' ^^ -^^^..^j^.,,^ jp 
 
 uv^ 
 
 — 323 —
 
 fCui-u . ...J/Iu.. ttge VI. lemule. Mirrlrd: low gre.'ic Tjoron. Jp^neiAia prap. 
 COT! hcbophrnplH plus nhronlc alcobollcm. Married 14 years, 5 livirf 
 ohllilron; her huebnnd Ib defective, elcobollc; bea1 k snrl abi;seB hpr 
 and hes contributed little or nothing to t)ie siiprort of tte Xamily. 
 Sho tr. oomplulnlng wltneee against o rran ^hon 8^c Hcoiisee of rnpr: 
 oho hue tried to blackmail ueveral o'hcr rr.on alon,^ 1'>in llrn l.::t 
 onsos wore olthor thrown out of court or disrirecd. 
 
 S.V.M. Plrst exposure. 10" 
 
 B. E.V.I'. Second consecutive exposure, 10 
 
 E-S.V.If. Vhtrd consecutive e~T30s-rc 
 
 ,• ?ourth consecutiTe exposure. 10" 
 
 B-3.V.M. Fifth consecutive exposure. 10". 
 — 324 —
 
 P.S.V.W. Sixth oor.recutiv 
 
 ive exposure, lo' 
 
 B-S.V.X. Seventh consecutive exposure, 10 
 
 exposure. 16"/16" 
 
 Z.V.v. Second 
 
 consecutive exnocure, 15"/15" 
 
 S.V.M. Third coneecutlve exnoi 
 
 V.V, Copied fron: card. 
 
 urc. 10" 
 
 — 325 —
 
 CnEP. R.Fr., npc ?.l, mnlfi, Blnplc; middle pr&de moron, derrjontln pr»ie- 
 cox hcbcohrpiiln nluK llp)il grade chronic alcoholism. He Is a "Jack 
 the Peeper." Ihlc It- cause of pretont nrrcet. School aye 6 to 14. 
 renrVird foiirlh crndc. 
 
 D 
 
 -^.V.y.. First e^pofure. 10" 
 
 B-1-..V.M. Seooni oonseoutlve ey.poEiire. 10'' 
 
 B-ij.V.t:; Third consecutive exposure, 10". 
 — 326 — 
 
 (
 
 B.'^.V.!i. l-'ourth consecutive exposure, lo' 
 
 nP 
 
 -i'.V.J.;. Fifth consecutive eipofure. 10' 
 
 E-ii.V.!,'. ii7th consecutive e ooi-ure, 10'
 
 H.V.M. First ext3osure. 10" 
 
 .V.?i. Second consecutive exposure. 10". 
 
 H.V.M. Copied fror. card. 
 
 
 ^28
 
 V.M. Seventh consecutive exposure, 10' 
 
 i3 
 
 B-b.V.W. Eighth consecutive exposure. 10' 
 
 ■=-£.V.!.!. Copied from card. 
 
 — 329 —
 
 . V no aire zt . female, single: high grade Imbecile plue 
 leAtU prioooi hebephrenia. School 7 to 12. eecond grade: 
 leent arreet. disorderly conduct. 
 
 cae 
 
 dement 
 
 present arree 
 
 ^O 
 
 B-S.V.y. Second coneecntlve errpoeure, 30"; . 
 
 di 
 
 B-S.V.M. Copied from card. 
 
 Z.V.i;. Fire 
 
 t exposure, 15"/15". I 
 
 Z.V.M. Copied from card. 
 / > 
 
 .,th example before her.
 
 Case, A.Jo., age 34, male, morried: high grade moron plus epilepsy 
 plus chronic alcoholisn. Previous arrest abont a year apo. sent to 
 the House of Correction; present arrest non-Eupoort. Carried 9 
 years. 3 children living. 
 
 E-i:.V.!.'. First exposure. 10" 
 
 i:.V.I.:. Copied fTOH card.
 
 B.V.M. First exposure, 10' 
 
 H.V.I.:. Second consrcutive expoeure, 10' 
 
 a.V.H. Copied from card. 
 
 — 3:{:i —
 
 CiiEc. R.Ar., age 28. male, single: middle frade cioron plus de- 
 mentia Draeoox hebenhrenio plus lij-ht depree chronic alcoholisrr 
 School 6 to 14. fourth grade; has been in Juventle Court. He- 
 form School and Houce of Correction; present arrest larceny. 
 
 -S.V.i:. r'irst eipoEure. 10" 
 
 --.v.;.:. Second consecutive 
 
 B.S.v.M. Third consecutive exposure, lo" 
 
 .v.. v.. ."•'oiirth consecutive eToosurc 
 
 — 333 —
 
 V.y. Fifth consecutive exposure, 10" 
 
 P-S.V.L:. Sixth consecut 
 
 ecutive exposure, 10" 
 
 Seventh consecutive exposure, 10" 
 
 E-t.V.l'. F.ipl-th consecutive exposure. 10" 
 
 JU 
 
 J-S.V.I.'.. Copied from cord. 
 — 334 —
 
 Case. P.Ee.. ag.e 25. male, single, low grade sociopath pins dener.tia 
 praecoj: hebephrenia plus preparalytic dementia (euphoric stute). He 
 has 6 brothers living, all chronic alcoholics; he has been arrested 
 on 4 previous occasions, serving: short sentences each time. Present 
 arrest sniashing iev.elry-store window with a brick and stealing jewel- 
 ry; had his initial luetic lesion at age 15. 
 
 Docure. 10' 
 
 B-S, 
 
 V.M. Second consecutive exposure. 10" 
 
 ;.S.V.IA. Third consecutive exposure. 10". 
 
 -S.V.M. Fourth consecutive exposure. 10 
 — 335 —
 
 B-S.V.M. Fifth conrecutlve exposure, 10 
 
 B-£.V.Ii. Sixth consecutive exposure. 10'' 
 
 E_£.V.V.. Seventh con 
 
 -S.V.M. Klghth consecutive exposure. 10". 
 
 B-S.V.I.'.. -linth consecu 
 
 tive exposure, 10". 
 
 536 —
 
 ?-iJ. v.". . Tenth consecutive exposure, 10 
 
 ?-i;.V.!.:. Eleventh consecutive exposure. 10 
 
 E-S.V.I.;. Thirteenth consecutive cypoi.-ure, 10' 
 
 B-S.V.M. Fourteenth conrccutlve ryroruro, 10".
 
 -S.V.V. ?lfteenth consecrilive expos-ure. 10", 
 
 P-ii.V.y. Sixteenth confecutive eypoEure, 10". 
 
 --. /.I.r. Seventeenth coneecuti 
 
 B-E.V.I.'. Kijrhteenth consecutii'e exposure, 10' 
 
 B-S.V.lu'. Nineteentn coneeci:tiv 
 
 ive exposure. 10' 
 
 B-S.V.M. Twentieth consecutlye exposure, 10' 
 — 338 —
 
 E-S,V.j,:. Twenty-first 
 
 B-S.V.!.:. Twenty- 
 
 ve exposure. 10"
 
 I'-S.V.I.:. Twenty-Ecventh conseciitlve exroeiire, 10". 
 
 B-S.V.M. Twenty-eighth consecutive exposure. 10' 
 
 P-K.V.!.'.. Thirty-first consecutive exposure. 10". 
 — 340
 
 B-2.V.M. Thirty-second consecutive exposure 10" 
 
 5-S.V.:;. Thirty-fourth consecutive exposure. 10" 
 
 cTpo^ 
 
 .re. 1^" 
 
 — 341 —
 
 T-E.V.K. Thirty-sixth consecutire exposure, 10 
 
 B-S.V.K. ?hirty-£eventh conEeci;tive ertiOEure, 10" 
 
 Ib-S.V.K. Thirty-eighth consecutive exposure, 10' 
 
 'E-E.V.I.;. Thirty-ninth consecutive exposure. 10" 
 --:542 --
 
 B.S.V.M. Copied from card 
 
 H.V.U. Third ooDBeoutlve exposure. 10". 
 
 — :{4:j —
 
 .M. Fourth r;onEeci;live exposure. 10' 
 
 H.V.y. Fifth consecutive evposiire, 10 
 
 Synbol 'Jtilh exa-.ule 
 
 344
 
 arrest attackinp a woman. 
 
 Y^ 
 
 • S.Y.tT. First exposure. 10'' 
 
 B.?,.','.r.. Second coneecutlve exoostire. 10". 
 
 E-S.V.I.;. Third consecutive exposure, 10' 
 
 B.S.Vii;. Fourth consecutive exposure", 10' 
 
 B.-.V..". Fifth consecutive o::poE 
 
 ;ro. 10 ■ 
 
 .V.M. Sixth consecutive exposure, 10' 
 
 -- :u.") -
 
 .V.L'.. Copied from cara. 
 
 — 346 —
 
 Caee. F.Sl., epc ?1. nalo. flnslc: hifh c'^aic inibecile olus 
 dercentia praecox hebephrenia. Attended tchool ope 6 to 14 . 
 remained In first pra'lc: present arr.ect at^noVinp little s'"^- 
 
 5.£.V.l'.. First exposure. W 
 
 B.E.V.!'. Second consec 
 
 B.S.V.!!. Copied from card. 
 
 Olaraond drawn rith example before hln, 
 Square drawn Tilth example before him. 
 
 — 347
 
 Cute. A. LI., ape C7, male, mnrrled. unlvorrlty c;radutile born In 
 iiwcdon. in U.S. over SO years: nvcrafc intelligence plus dcr:;enlia 
 nrnecox katntonia pluE prerenile dementia. He was a literar.v man 
 and nowtpaper writer; wae previously arroeted; now arreeted on con- 
 plnlnt of people whom he was annoying. 
 
 -S.V.y. First wtpoBure. lO' 
 
 E-£.V.M.. Second conEecutive exoosnre. 10 
 
 B-S.V.M. Third consecutive ex 
 
 posure, 10' 
 
 r-S.(.y. Fourth consecutive exnosure, 10' 
 
 — 348 —
 
 1 I 
 
 j.i.V.Ll. Fifth oomecutive exposure. 10" 
 
 
 X^i Seventh conEccutive exposure. 10" 
 
 E-S.V.'.:. Copied from card. 
 
 K.V.!'. First exooeure. 10' 
 — 340 —
 
 n.v.i,,. Secoud consecutive expocure. lo" 
 
 ivincolf. CopieA frora c 
 
 
 '^ '4-<;^<7^^ 
 
 f 
 
 1' 
 
 — 350 —
 
 CQce. ii.Jo., age 38, male, widower: middle prade moron plus 
 peychopathic conetitution plus chronic Hlcohollfm plue pre- 
 paralytic dementia. Six of his children died at birth; one 
 is livinp, ape 15, has been in Juvenile Court several times. 
 Present arrest attacking a woman. 
 
 P 
 
 (7 
 
 .V.M. First eipoEuro, 10". 
 
 B-t.V.U. Becond consecutlTe exposure, 10" 
 
 -m 
 
 B-S.V,i:. Third consecutive exposure. 13" 
 
 m 
 
 *B-i.V.I,;. Fourth consecutive e:--.posure, 10 
 
 B-^.V.!.:. Fifth consecutive exposure, 10". 
 
 I!-S \' Al Sixtli •-•^•nnsillC Willi i:U>l ' 
 
 — 351 —
 
 h.v.W. First exposure, 10". 
 
 PO 
 
 H.V.M. Second consecutive exposure, 10' 
 
 H.V.M. Copied froni card. 
 
 — 352
 
 Case, y.Ee., age £2. lemale. single: low grade moron plue de- 
 mentia praecox hebephrenia. Had an Illegitimate child and was 
 in Baetnrdy Court; school age G to 15. second grade; complain- 
 ing svltnesB against 1? nen who took her Into a barn and too> 
 advantage of her; has been living iramoral life. 
 
 First exposure, 10". 
 
 econd rnn°ip'l'?*i'^'' "Tnopure. 10" 
 
 2.t.\\i:. Third 
 .consecutive exposure, 10". 
 
 B-E.V.!.;. Fourth consecutive eXDoenre 10^ 
 
 'Ifth coneocutlvo exposure, 10"
 
 Z.V.i:. Sixth consecutive exposure. 10" 
 
 S.?.V.;,!. Seventh consecutive exposure. 10 
 
 -S.V.U. Eighth consecutive exposure. 10" 
 
 B-E.V.!.;. :Unth consecutive exposure, 10" 
 
 P-S.V..V.. Copied from card. 
 
 quare ~ith ej:ar:ple before her. Diaciona •.vith exanple before rer 
 
 354
 
 Cnse. C.Pe., 6ge £7. r.al 
 
 oneiittUT;; IfL L, • ^,^i;'fl«= lov; grade sociopath, nsychopatlnc 
 ontiitution plus epilcosy. Attended school aae G to 14 finlphrd 
 eventh graie: unier arre.l accused of racin6''two-«nd-a:h;if-.ve=r.old 
 
 I i 3-S.V.V. First 
 
 exposure, 10" 
 
 B-S.V.l;. Third consecutive exposure. 10". 
 
 1!-S. V. M. Cupi..,! ri'iiiil CMIil. 
 
 H-V.;,:. >'irs;t expoture. 10". 
 
 — 355
 
 H.V.y. L'eoond oont-ecutlve exposure. 10' 
 
 H.V.M. Copied from cnrcl^ 
 
 ^=^.^J<^ 
 
 356
 
 Cace B.Tk.. B^c t4. DQlc. tlaglet-Mg* frrnde moron plue do- 
 mcHtia praecojt kstatonin plus light ilc?rBe chronic Rlco>-ollf 
 Atlomp-ted enloide. 
 
 B.S.V.M. Seventh ooneecutlTe cTposure. lo". 
 
 
 B-S.V.K. Copied from card. 
 
 — 357 —
 
 CaBo. D.Mo.. o^e 36, fomolo. mnrrled three tlrioB: Mj'h </ rn.le 
 moron plur doraontln prnccox hebephrenia pluc ll(rht Ac^rnc 
 chronic nlcohollEm. Has notorloue police record, old-llrr.e 
 prostitute; wob adopted out of an orphanage; prcrent irrcrt 
 ohnrpod .•. Uh nurdor. 
 
 L_, 
 
 B.K.V.V. First exposure, 10" 
 
 Q^-O^ 
 
 
 B-ii,V.M, Second eoneecutlve exposure, 10" 
 
 B-S.V.M. Fourth coneeoutiTe exposure, 10 
 
 -S.V.JJ. Fifth consecutive exposure, 10". 
 
 B-S.V.M. Copied from card.
 
 Case, .-.*!;.. fijc -lo. ;:;ale. rr.erried twice, first wife divorced- 
 Ir.im 9 years ugo : hig^- grade r.oron plus dementia praecox hebe- 
 phrenia plus preoaralytic deniontla. School age 6 to 17. second 
 grnde; hse been in re:for!natoricE and T!oue^ of Correction; . pre- 
 sent arrest dicorderly. 
 
 H.V.M. Copied fron cerd. 
 
 — 359
 
 K.V.M. First e7pOEure, 1S"/1S"'» 
 
 Z. V.I.I. Second consecutive exposure, 15''/16" 
 
 Z.V.M. Copied from card. 
 
 "BiUy" Skidmore't Wit* 
 Sae$ Him for Diomc* 
 
 Tlnc ."tO :r,imitfc!j 
 
 
 360 —
 
 case. H.Zl.. Qgfe 37. male, forced rArr^sge. wife eight xanrna preg- 
 nant at the tlr-«: hiph frnde rr.oron, dexer.llo praecox hebcohxenia. 
 Wife v.'flr a prostitute nnri rtill loll07.s prostitution; he deserted 
 rrlfe when bcby was 4 yearr old. now living rith a .vonnn old enough 
 to be his aother. vrto has 10 children. Has hnd four arrests; present 
 for non-support. 
 
 B.S.V.?!. Fourth conecciitive expoeure. ij" 
 
 
 ^rn 
 
 B.S.V.M. Copied froc card. 
 
 :;c.i -
 
 CM«e, R.Mn,, rir^» S7, i'CT.Qlo, married and divorced: fntr average In- 
 Vnlllgonoo plus puyuhopiithlc plU8 preparalytic dcincnlla Precent 
 iirrrst for dluorrtorly conduct. The psychopathic t»et here lllviSlmtco 
 111: Hdvnntueoc over the letter tent In certain caeee of jjreparalytic 
 derontln. 
 
 B.S.V.V. Fourth consecutive exposure, 10" 
 
 .V.l:. Fifth consecutive e>:posure. 10" 
 
 - ;i6:> —
 
 P.P.V.n. Copied froin card, 
 
 H.V.M. First exposure, 10' 
 
 :^ 
 
 H.V.M. Second consecutive exposure, 10". 
 
 H.V.H, ?hird consecutive exposure, 10 
 
 H.V.M. Copied from onrd.
 
 
 564 —
 
 ;e. '.V.Fi.. ape bZ. male, rcerriod. 6 children n,, 
 ide moron plus pE.vO-.opathic conftltution nw v "^•" ^l?h 
 LiEm. School G to 14. reached third ;r-ade- n. °"'° '^Ico- 
 stritutinr to delLnouency of cMldren. ' P"^^^*^"'^ J^r.-est 
 
 H.V.K. Copied from cnrd. 
 - .Hi.) —
 
 
 
 BUYS'G^f^R IN 
 LOOP DISTRICT 
 
 H. E. Bell Get« Realty a; 
 
 -- :\m
 
 CASE AND FAMILY HISTORIES 
 
 We append a few typical histories of cases from the Boys, Morals, Domestic 
 Relations, and outside courts. On account of the size of the report \vc have 
 not included many cases, which after all is to a certain extent superfluous as 
 there is a deadly monotony in the sameness throughout all these cases. The 
 reports, however, are worthy of careful study since they convey numerous 
 important implications that lack of space prevents us from specifically writ- 
 ing up. : ' , ' ^l 
 
 BOYS COURT CASES 
 
 The following histories are from Boys Court cases. 
 
 CASE, B. MA., age 17. male, middle grade moron, plus dementia prrecox 
 hebephrenia. Present arrest, was caught with another boy in empty building, 
 from which a lot of lead pipe had been stolen and the water was running all 
 over the place. He has also been in Juvenile Court. 
 
 Family History: Father died age 55, had suffered with astlima, was a 
 chronic alcoholic, quick-tempered. Mother age 40, works, in a factory. She 
 was an illegitimate child, uncertain wlio her father was, but her mother lived 
 mtimately for several years with one man, who was legally married to another 
 woman, still living. He was a policeman. 
 
 The boy's real father was his mother's sister's husband; his mother was 
 intimate with this man while living with her own husband. The boy's real 
 father is a high grade moron and is illiterate. He has had three children to 
 his wife, all defective; they also have another boy at home, the illegitimate 
 child of the wife before she was married. She is alcoholic. 
 
 Personal History: Reached second grade in school, has worked irregularly 
 ever since, never more than three or four weeks in a position; has not worked 
 for the past two years. 
 
 CASE, J. PA., age 19, male, single, high grade sociopath plus dementia 
 prsecox hebephrenia plus trace chronic alcoholism; present arrest assault and 
 battery, pleaded guilty. 
 
 Family History: Father, age 54, Polish, in United States 27 years, mar- 
 ried 24 years; he speaks several different languages and can read three. He 
 was formerly a gambler, saloon-keeper and chronic alcoholic. He had an 
 ungovernable temper, abusive to his wife, would beat her and call her the vilest 
 of names; he had delusions of infidelity. He deserted lier and the family; 
 he and his wife were of different nationalities and when married they could 
 not understand each other, as neither understood the language of the other; 
 they were also of different religions. She was working in a laundry at the 
 time he deserted her and the children and he was working as bartender and 
 waiter. His wife was a missionary. He finally returned home; became con- 
 verted to another missionary church, gave up all his bad habits and went to 
 work as a missionary and was finally ordained as a minister at age 51. His 
 father was married twice; he has a brother who was insane. The boy's mother 
 is age 53, dementia pnecox case, has been in United States 24 years, is 
 quite nervous. Her parents died when she was young and she was raised 
 by foster parents who mistreated her. She has one brother, age 55, who is 
 a chronic alcoholic. 
 
 The case has one brother who was burned to death at the age of three 
 years from a fire started by our case when he was age 4, while playing with fire. 
 
 Personal History: Case is age 19, attended school age 6 to 16 and 
 reached seventh grade, played truant a great deal. Father could then neither 
 get him to school nor work. He attacked father on the street while the latter 
 was trying to get him a position. He then worked off and on for a few months 
 and finally enlisted in the United States Service, from which he deserted and 
 was dishonorably discharged. He later served a year and a half in prison 
 for highway robbery; another time was sentenced to the penitentiary for six 
 
 — 367 — -
 
 montlis, and let out on probation for a year, which he broke. He joined a 
 missionary church six months ago and has been living with a widow and two 
 daughters; the mother and oldest daughter being also active members of this 
 church, both extremely psychopathic. He is engaged to marry the oldest girl, 
 who is 22. He has been in the habit of beating her, but she has always refused 
 to sign a complaint against him until he went to the department store where 
 she was employed anrl asked her for some money, and when she refused 
 knocked her down. He bit the lingers of the officer who arrested him. The 
 social service report says the boy had a nice home with his people and there 
 was nothing in the environment to explain the son's criminal tendencies. The 
 boy has been writing his fiancee letters full of lies about having a good job, 
 and she writes letters trying to blackmail him. The social service report 
 further says in regard to the defendant and complainant that "while I know 
 nothing of the relations between these two people, I saw sufficient demon- 
 stration in and around our court room yesterday to make me apprehensive 
 for Mrs. A's other daughter, a ten-year-old g:irl. The mother's indifference, 
 in fact acquiescense to their continuous and violent love-making in the court 
 room and our detention room would indicate the home may not be the proper 
 place for the ten-year-old girl. I should be glad to talk with the investigator 
 regarding the case, as there is much I find myself unable to write about. The 
 mental condition of the entire family, as well as that of the boy, seems to be 
 subnormal." 
 
 The following letter from the boy's father in answer to one from us is 
 quite elucidating. 
 "Hon. X., Judge, The Municipal Court of Chicago. 
 
 "My dear Sir: — I have received yours of the 12th, inst, thanking you for 
 your sympathy with J. I am very sory to hear this terrible act. We know 
 Mrs. H., and the two girls, and I am very sorry that he could do such thing, 
 but it is as it has been my opinion of J., that he needs to be put under observa- 
 tion, I asked the Chaplain in the X. Ponitentiary, last winter, where I had him 
 arrested for intoxication, but he is to wise when he is confined, but sun he 
 comes out, then is runing away from home, I had paroled him before last 
 Christmass, and he promissed to do right, but it lasted onle to Jan. 30, and 
 then he left for Chicago, but the have written letters, to I never belived, that 
 all was true, because I know that there is something wrong with his mind. 
 
 "I leave him to your judgment, he may improve, but I think, he should be 
 put in some institution, till he be 21, years of age, if he is in right mind, I 
 would not have him home, as he is a dangerous boy, and has fits, that he would 
 kill. We could do nothing with him, I say this to you, your Honor, to Mrs. H. 
 has send message, we should saj^ nothing, but I belive that should be keept 
 in under institutional care, and so thinks Mrs. E. my wife, that he should not 
 be geven liberty. 
 
 "I close this whit harty thanks for your kind favour, writing me, so that 
 we know for what he is arrested. 
 
 "He is only over 18, years old, and he has written letters for my consent 
 that he marry, but I think, that would have been the biget crime, for he would 
 send that poor girl to whiteslavery, for he dont want work. I hope your Honor, 
 that this will be sufficient for you, to know what the Boy is at present, but I 
 trust My Lord whom we serve, that the Law will take its cours, in this matter. 
 
 "But He should have mential examination, as to his condition, if he is to 
 be set at liberty. 
 
 Very sincerely yours." 
 
 One of the newspaper headings on the case ran as follows: 
 DEVILS GOT INTO HIM 
 
 Hits His Fiancee in Store 
 
 Pastor's Son Menaced By Crowd 
 
 After Attack When Refused 
 
 More Money 
 
 — 368 —
 
 CASE, L. FR. age 18, single, fair average intelligence i)lii> dementia 
 pnccox katatonia. Attended school age 6 to 14, graduated eighth grade. 
 
 Family History: Father age 35, American, quit school in 8th grade 
 marriecl boys mother when she was age 14; he was a chronic alcoholic, insane 
 when drunk, abusive, has been known to pick up a weapon and knock a horse 
 down with It, and high-tempered. His wife had to leave him, returned to him, 
 and then finally divorced him. He was a very poor provider some <:ort of 
 machinist, but never earned much. He was always getting into fights and 
 would often come home covered with blood. He lived in a dry state and if 
 he could not buy liquor he would steal it; he carried on "bootlegging" as a 
 side line; he was arrested once for the latter and seven times on disorderly 
 conduct charges. His father died at the age of 70, was a peculiar and eccentric 
 man. His mother i^s also nervous; her father was a chronic alcoholic and she 
 has a brother age 50, single, chronic alcoholic, insane, was always getting in 
 trouble fighting and disorderly conduct. 
 
 The boy had three uncles on his father's side, one age 35, married, farmer, 
 chronic alcoholic, very high-tempered; another age 40, married, farmer,' chronic 
 alcoholic, very high-tempered, wife separated from him several times, they 
 have three children; he has. another uncle age 50, married, farmer, chronic 
 alcoholic, very high-tempered. He had two aunts on his father's side, one 
 age 45, married, had been a school teacher, very nervous, vicious temper; 
 another aunt, age 38, married to a chronic alcoholic, they have three children! 
 
 The boy's mother, age 33, American, attended school age 6 to 14, reached 
 first year high school; she then married; left her husband several times and 
 finally divorced him. Two years later she married ancjther man, a chronic 
 alcoholic, good-for-nothing, of very ordinary ability; she finally had' to divorce 
 him. She married a third man, fireman on the railroad; he was worthless in 
 every way and she finally separated from him. Her father wns a man of much 
 ability, but never applied it; was a failure, had a violent temper. His father 
 was a minister, also had a violent temper. Her mother was married twice, 
 second husband deserted her and she divorced him. 
 
 The boy had two uncles on his mother's side, one age 40, a widower, farmer, 
 heavy cigarette smoker, he is a mute and was married to a mute; another 
 uncle, age 38, married, peddler. He has three aunts on his mother's side, one 
 age 43, married to a minister, always unusually nervous, was a missionary 
 before marriage; another aunt, age 35, married twice, divorced first husband 
 who was a chronic alcoholic, beat and abused her, had two children to him. 
 one is now in the Navy; another aunt married, died at age of 28 of abdominal 
 growth. 
 
 Case has two brothers living, one age 24, served a term in reformatory 
 when he was 18 years old, since then no one knows what became of him; he 
 reached eighth grade in school. He has another brother, age 22. single, alco- 
 holic, has been arrested and served time for disorderly conduct and petit larceny. 
 Another brother died as an infant of convulsions. 
 
 Personal History: Case has traveled a great deal and changed positions 
 very often. His longest job was delivery boy on a grocery wagon for sLt 
 months. He admits having been previously arrested; he is now arrested 
 charged with 19 robberies. His only weapon was a glass pistol and red 
 pepper; he would press the pistol against the side of his victim, go through 
 his pockets, and then thrf)w red pepper in his eyes; suspected of killing a 
 policeman. He confessed to the police that he ludd up and nibbed or tried 
 to rob the following persons with his innocuous "firearm" and the "cayenne;" 
 
 June 20, R. S., laundry wagon driver, $20. 
 
 " 20, L. N., grocery driver, $3. 
 
 " 20, C. L., grocery driver, $6. 
 
 " 23, C. Y., grocery driver, $7. 
 
 " 24, C. K., in grocery store, $8. 
 
 " 26, Unknown man, $10. 
 
 " 27, S. R., grocery driver, $18. 
 
 " 29, P. R., laundry driver. $7 and check for $25. 
 July 1, 1 >. M., lanmlry driver. atleiiii>tfd riilibiT.v. xiv'tiin ran away, 
 
 — 369 —
 
 " 1, N. S., lauiulry driver, $7. 
 
 " 2, H. D., attempted robbery, victim recognized him and said "Hello, 
 
 Slsinny. " 
 
 " 2, A. D., grocery driver, $8.90. 
 
 " 4, N., delivery man for tea company, $2(J. 
 
 " 6, N. R., grocery driver, $60. 
 
 " 11, G. S., grocery driver, $35. 
 
 " 14, L. M., grocery driver, $12. 
 
 " 15, A. D., driver for dyer and cleaner, $25. 
 
 " 16, l^nknown old man delivering groceries, attempted robbery. 
 
 CASE, L. JO., male, age 15, high grade borderland sociopath plus dementia 
 l)r;ec<>x Iiehephrenia, known as "The Baby Bandit." 
 
 Family History: Father, American, died age 39, cirrhosis of the liver; 
 graduated eighth grade, held a city job for ten years; chronic alcoholic, ex- 
 tremely phlegmatic, was very wild as a j'oung boy and would run away from 
 home; all the boys are like their father. Case's grandfather, father's side, died 
 age 59 of carcinoma of the stomach; he was a chronic alcoholic, was a police- 
 man. The grandmother had been a school teacher, died age 69 of gallstones. 
 He had the following uncles on his father's side: one age 40, married ten years, 
 no children; another age 38, married, no children, chronic alcoholic; another 
 age 34, attained fifth grade in school, chronic alcoholic, arrested seven times 
 for larcenj', associated with bad women in his stealing, police authorities drove 
 him out of Chicago ten years ago. He has the following aunts on his father's 
 side: one age 42, single, employed;' another age 36, single, employed; another 
 age 30, single, employed; another age 28, has been blind since age 6, had spinal 
 trouble and lost her sight. 
 
 Mother of case American, age 47, attended school age 7 to 14, reached 
 sixth grade; married when age 19 and has had nine children; has no api)recia- 
 tion of the value of money; in spite of having received a fair amount of 
 insurance on the death of her husband, the whole family were presently on 
 County support; she is very nervous, is very abusive to the children, beats 
 them and swears at them, put one of them out of the house and tore up her 
 clothes; she threw three policemen downstairs once when they came to arrest 
 our case; she is regarded as being unbalanced; she now goes out washing and 
 scrubbing. Her father was American, teamster, died at the age of 57. Pier 
 mother was Canadian, died of Bright's disease, age 70. Case had the following 
 uncles on his mother's side: one age 49, married, has eight children, has not 
 worked past three years on account of heart and kidney trouble; another uncle 
 chronic alcoholic, teamster, died at age 27 of tuberculosis; another uncle 
 was a drifter and wanderer, worthless, worked at intervals. He has the follow- 
 ing aunts on his mother's side: one age 44, married, cripple, is a widow with 
 live children; another age 42, married, has five children. 
 
 Case has the following brothers: one age 22, attended school age 6 to 14, 
 reached fourth grade, desultory worker, chronic alcoholic and cocainist, was 
 sent from Juvenile Court to John Worthy School for six months when age 16, 
 had several sentences to House of Correction for stealing; was a wanderer and 
 is now in the penitentiary at Joliet on indeterminate sentence for burglary. 
 Apother brother age 18, attended school age 6 to 14 and reached sixth grade, 
 he has been in the Juvenile Court, and in Boys Court twice, in the first instance 
 for larceny, placed on probation one year; two weeks later arrested on two 
 charges of robbery and committed to Pontiac. He was diagnosed high-grade 
 moron plus dementia prsecox. Another brother age 13, began school age 6, 
 persisted as truant from school, was committed from Juvenile Court to 
 Parental School for stealing. Another brother died age 16, result of accident 
 in the factory where he was working; attended school age 6 to 13, reached 
 eighth grade. Another brother age 12, in school six and a half years, in third 
 grade, backward and indififerent in school, other boys called him "thief." Two 
 others died as infants. He has one sister age 20, attended school age 7 to age 
 15, quit in tlie eighth grade, verj^ nervous, she is employed. 
 
 Personal History: Attended school age 6 to 13, reached seventh grade; 
 has been in Juvenile Court three times, last time was sent to St. Charles from 
 
 — 370 —
 
 where he escaped after seven montli^, made several otlier attempts but was 
 always apprehended and brought back. Has been in the Boys Court numerous 
 times. The following is an approximation of his record there: Dec. 30, 2 charges 
 of larceny and 2 of robbery, one year House of Correction; May 24, larceny, 
 he was out on bail and case was continued; June 6, arrested for violation of 
 probation and another charge of larceny, committed to House of Correction; 
 a year from the following October arrested for larceny and after several con- 
 tinuances was discharged; three days later he was shot through the thigh by 
 railroad detective while trying to enter a car. A few days later under arrest, 
 a long series of larcenies, robberies and burglaries was checked up against 
 him and he was sent to Pontiac. 
 
 CASE, M. JO., age 19, low grade moron. 
 
 Family History: Father Italian, age 38, chronic alcoholic, laborer. The 
 boy's mother is Italian, age 48. Case has six brothers living: one age 21, 
 married, deserted wife, was arrested for robbery, fined $120; another brother, 
 age 19, married, has one child; another brother age 16, single; another brother 
 age 13, is in sixth grade; another brother age 11, is in tifth grade; another 
 brother age 8, doesn't go to school. Two sisters, aged respectively 5 and 2. 
 
 Personal History: Case was born in the United States, attended school 
 age 6 to 12, reached second grade; has been in the Juvenile Court and was in 
 the Juvenile Home; lirst arrest in Boys Court stealing wagon; second arrest 
 stole 2 sets of harness; third arrest stole $47 out of employer's pocket when 
 latter was asleep. 
 
 CASE, G. PE., age 19, high grade borderland sociopath plus dementia 
 prcccox hebephrenia, known as the "cave man." 
 
 Personal History: Attended school age 6 to 14, reached eighth grade; 
 first arrest in Boys Court for rape, living in a cave with a fourteen-year-old 
 girl; sent to the House of Correction. Second arrest disorderlj^ conduct; third 
 arrest caught sleeping in basement; fourth arrest rape; has-since been arrested 
 in Morals Court, living in a cave in the woods with a young girl. 
 
 CASE, C. GE., age 20, colored, low grade sociopath plus -dementia pr^-e 
 cox hebephrenia, sadist, known as "Jack the Strangler." 
 
 Family History: Father age 45, porter, married twice, first wife died, 
 had seven children; second wife living, is nervous and quick-tempered. He 
 has three uncles on his father's side, the oldest is married and is a preacher: 
 the other, age 35, has been married twice, first wife died and he deserted the 
 second wife. Another uncle age 40, single, is a chronic alcoholic. He had 
 one aunt on his father's side who died at the age of 40, she was married twice; 
 first husband died and she deserted, her second husband. The boy's mother 
 is age 34, has tuberculosis and is extremely nervous. He has two uncles on 
 his mother's side, both preachers. 
 
 Personal History: Attended school age 7 to 15 and reached eighth grade; 
 does not live with father; is nervous, and stammers. Present arrest for 
 strangling women; would not steal anything from them nor do anything else 
 than just choke them into insensibility. 
 
 CASE, M. FL., age 19, single, high grade borderland sociopath plus 
 dementia proecox, simulator. 
 
 Family History: Father American, died age 40 of i)neunionia, had deserted 
 wife and family: the boy's mother age 3K married twice, she had seven children 
 to her first husband before he deserted her; she has two children to her second 
 husband. He has an aunt on his mother's side who is separated from her_ hus- 
 band. The case has one brother age 15, attended school from age 6 to 15 and 
 reached fifth grade; another brother age 17 attended school age 6 to 16 and 
 reached sixth grade. 
 
 Personal History: Attended school age 5 to 15 and reached eighth 
 grade: is a desultory worker and was arrested while seeking alms on tin- 
 streets, on account of being deaf and dumb, which simulation wa- cvpi '■^.■■1 l>v 
 the laboratory. 
 
 — 371--
 
 CASE, C. BU., age 19, colored, single, low grade nitron plu.i flemcntia 
 pr.ecox liel)ci)lirenia plus light degree chronic alcoholism. 
 
 Family History: I'^athcr died old man of dropsy, married twice. 
 
 Personal History: Never attended school; had two arrests in Boys 
 Court, Jid}-, had a light witli another boy when our case cut him up with a 
 knife, was given probation fur a year; December same year shot a man and 
 killed him. 
 
 CASE, B. RA., age IS, ^inylc, male, .'\mcrican, middle grade moron plus 
 (Icnu'iitia i>i;i'cox hebephrenia. 
 
 Family History: l-"atlier (bed age 58, Idright's disease; janitor, inveterate 
 cliewer, did not work for seven years before he died, desultory worker, worked 
 at times as waiter in Iiotels and restaurants; he was a wanderer; had a college 
 education, also studied law, but he married when age 42 and his wife was 
 25. His fatlier died of pneumonia during the war, was married twice. Grand- 
 mother on the father's side died wlien boy's father was an infant and he was 
 raised by his grandmother. Case has an uncle on his father's side, age 75, 
 married, farmer, illiterate; has five cliildren, three boys just like himself. 
 
 Mother of case is age 54, attended high school two years; has congenital 
 dislocation of the hip and is light paranoides case of dementia praecox. Her 
 father was a chronic alcoholic, not only worthless, but deserted his wife and 
 family. Her mother died at 45, had nervous trouble. She has a sister, age 52. 
 single, nervous, a waitress. She has another sister, age 51, married, separated 
 from her husband; has tuberculosis, is taking a faith cure. 
 
 Personal History: Case attended school from age 6 to 11, reached low 
 third grade, is a desultory worker; present arrest Boj's Court, broke into a 
 house, bound and gagged a woman and stole her monej-. 
 
 CASE, H. ED., age 18, single, high grade moron plus dementia pnecox 
 hebephrenia. Attended school age 6 to 14, reached seventh grade. 
 
 Family History: Father died age 43 of inflammatory rheumatism, he was 
 a chronic alcoholic and beat and abused his wife; was very nervous, had been 
 arrested. He was well educated but worked as a waiter. His father was 
 married twice and is a chronic alcoholic. 
 
 The mother of the case is age 46, has had six children; she has been in a 
 state insane asylum twice. An aunt of the mother was also insane. The boy's 
 grandniother on his mother's side is alcoholic. The boy had a uncle on his 
 mother's side who died of tuberculosis; he has an aunt on his mother's side, 
 age 42, now in an insane asylum. The boy has a sister, age 20, who is now in 
 a state insane asylum; she is a high school graduate and also a graduate from 
 business college. 
 
 Personal History: Played truant a great deal from school; slow and 
 troublesome there; couldn't possibly get him to work. He has an ungovern- 
 able temper and smashes furniture around the house. Present arrest in Boys 
 Court on complaint of family. 
 
 CASE, C. TI., age 17, male, high grade moron plus dementia prsecox hebe- 
 phrenia. 
 
 .Family History: Father age 47, French. \n United States 30 years, worth- 
 less fellow, deserted wife and family. 
 
 The boy's mother is age 49, American, was in state insane asylum for five 
 years and is so bad she will have to be recommitted. Case has two brothers. 
 one age 11, in custodial school; another brother age 20, attended school age 
 6 to 14, reached seventh grade, now in House of Correction, has had three 
 arrests in Boys Court and was also in Juvenile Court, committed to St. Charles 
 Reform School for 18 months. 
 
 Personal History: Attended school age 6 to 14 and reached tilth grade; 
 he has worked very irregularly; he w^as in Juvenile Court 4 times, and was 
 sent to St. Charles Reform School for 18 months for stealing lead pipe, also 
 in Parental School for 6 months, also was in another iuvenile custodial home. 
 He had the following arrests in the Boys Court: December 2, disorderly con- 
 duct; December 14, disorderly conduct, sent to House of Correction: March
 
 20, both he ;in(I hi\ I)r(.tlier were arrested, disorderly cmuhict. placed t>n 6 
 months probation; April 10, two charges of burglary; April 17. stole brass, 
 committed to House of Correction for 3 months, $1.00 and costs; July 21. dis- 
 orderly conduct; July 31, arrested in vacant flat; August 13, stole auto; March 
 11, burglary, committed to Pontiac Reformatory; May 22, the following year, 
 was found with pistol, flashlight and burglar's jimmy and some jewelry, got 
 continuance of case; June 7, arrested for burglary, caught in the st<ire he had 
 broken into, held to Criminal Court. He has a fresh bullet wound in the middle 
 of the thigh, says he accidentally shot himself. 
 
 CASE, L. CL., age 17, male, high grade moron plus dementia pr;ecox 
 hebephrenia. 
 
 Family History: Father Knglisii. in United States since age 6, died 
 8 years ago age 50; was chronic alcoholic, was immoral and dissolute, deserted 
 wife and family; later had locomotor ataxia. 
 
 Boy's mother was American, age 38; her husband was age 45 and she was 
 age 15 when they were married; she remarried after her first husband died, 
 second husband_ alcoholic; she has a nervous temperament; her father was 
 divorced from his wife. 
 
 Personal History: Attended school age 6 to 14, reached sixth grade; 
 works irregularly, never holds a position very long; was arrested on March 10 
 for burglary; arrested on April 14 for larceny; present arrest stealing auto, 
 sent to House of Correction and later put on probation. 
 
 CASE, G. AL., age 20, male. 
 
 Family History: Father age 46, married twice, five children by first wife, 
 3 by second; he is high-tempered and quarrelsome; extremely nervous; he has 
 one sister separated from her husband, another sister married, has nine children 
 and is suffering from St. Vitus dance. 
 
 The boy's mother died in childbirth. 
 
 Personal History: Attended school age 7 to 15, readied eighth grade: 
 worked irregularl}', has not worked any for the past year; he is a wanderer, 
 once in making a trip from another city he got into a box car with four others 
 and was locked in there for three days without anything to drink, they all 
 committed pederasty while in the car; he is a chronic masturbator; he has been 
 in the Juvenile Court and has the following arrests in the Boys Court to date: 
 October 17, disorderly conduct; February 16, disorderly conduct; February 27, 
 disorderly conduct; March 8, disorderly conduct; Marcli 27, vagrancy, fined 
 $100 and costs, probation 6 months; May 1, vagrancy, violation of prcjbation; 
 June 10, disorderly conduct; November 10, disorderly conduct. 
 
 CASE, S. CH., age 18, male, high grade moron plus dementia pr;ecox 
 hebephrenia. 
 
 Family History: I'"ather age 60, Polish, in United States 30 years; chronic 
 alcoholic, cjuick-tempered and excitable. 
 
 Boy's mother age 39, Polish, in United States 23 years; she is a chronic 
 alcoholic and has had delirium tremens three times; case has one l^rother, age 
 
 21, who was in Juvenile Court and committed to a custodial home, lie has a 
 sister age 23, single, in one of the state asylums for the insane. 
 
 Personal History: .Attended school age 6 to 14, reached si.xth grade; 
 has slight speech defect; works irregularly, does not hold a position any 
 length of time; he had four arrests in Juvenile Court and was committed from 
 there to St. Charles for nine months, also to the Jolin Worthy School, sent 
 6 months to F'eehanville and 3 months to the Parental School. He was on 
 probation to the Juvenile Court when first arrested in the Boys Court. His 
 arrests in the Boys Court are as follows: .August 22, disorderly conduct, fined 
 $10 and costs, left town, came back to Chicago almost two years later, arrested 
 on July 10 for disorderly conduct, sent to the House of Correction; December 
 28, arrested on burglary charge, as he left the House of Correction after finish- 
 ing a 6 months' sentence; January 6, out of the House of Correction 9 days, 
 arrested for disorderlj'^ conduct; February 7, disorderly conduct; February 10, 
 disorderly conduct; April 9, disorderly conduct, fined $10 and costs; .April 23, 
 disorderly conduct, fined $50 and costs; June 23. disorderly conduct. 
 
 — 373 —
 
 CASE, M. MI., in;ilc, ;igc 20, liigli Kiadc- in(ir(jii i>lu.-> (U-nifiitia pra-cux 
 lulicplirrriia. 
 
 Family History: I'"atlR'r age 60, Italian, laborer, illiterate, chronic alco- 
 holic, (iirck-tiiiipered and quarrcisoinc; has not worked for many years. The 
 boy's mother is age 56, Italian, illiterate, she has had 17 children; she has 
 frequent attacks of epilepsy (grand mal); she is very nervous, erratic and 
 defective. Whole family are excitable and hysterical; all the children except 
 four lack the sense of smell. The mother has one brother age 40, married, has 
 four children, also epileptic. Case has one brother age 33. alcoholic; he has 
 another brother age 22, has epilepsy; he has a sister age 32, married, has five 
 children, also epileptic; another sister, now age 30, married at age 15, epileptic. 
 
 Personal History: Attended school age 6 to 14, reached fifth grade, desul- 
 tory worker, i'oys Court arrests, March 4, larceny, $100 and costs, probation 
 6 months; July 21, disorderly conduct; September 24, dif-ordcrly cimduct; 
 June 1, larceny; May 4, following year, disorderly conduct; June 9, stole auto- 
 mobile. 
 
 CASE, B. WI., age 18, male, high grade moron plus dementia prxcox 
 hebephrenia. 
 
 Family History: Father American, chronic alcoholic, practically never 
 worked, chronic thief, abused and mistreated wife, finally deserted her; he has 
 a long list of arrests; he has been in JoHet Penitentiary and was sent to a peni- 
 tentiary in a neighboring state for killing an officer. 
 
 Boy's mother American, died five years ago, age 33, of dropsy and tuber- 
 culosis; she lived intimately with several other men after her husband left her, 
 but could not get along with any of them; she had four children to these 
 other men; she was a chronic alcoholic, has had several arrests, one for 
 adultery. Her father was a chronic alcoholic and has also been arrested. She 
 has one brother, single, in the army past eight years. She has one adult sister 
 living, feeble-minded and peculiar, weighs nearly three hundred pounds. 
 
 Personal History: Had little or no schooling; he has worked very irreg- 
 ularly and cannot hold a position; was committed to a state school for the 
 feeble-minded, ran away several times; has been in Juvenile Court; present 
 arrest in Roys Court, broke into a flat and was caught hiding in a closet by the 
 woman of the flat. 
 
 CASE, C. JU., age 17, male, high grade moron plus dementia pr?ecox hebe- 
 phrenia. 
 
 Family History: Father age 43, Russian Hebrew, in United States 25 
 years, father of 9 children. He is high-tempered, quarrelsome and abusive to 
 wife. The boy's mother, age 39, Russian Hebrew, in the United States 22 
 years, speaks and understands little or no English. She is irritable and quarrel- 
 some. Her father, age 65, in United States 22 years, has been married three 
 times, and divorced twice. 
 
 Case has one brother, age 11, in the fifth grade, is dwarfed; he has another 
 brother age 9 in the second grade, still talks "baby talk." 
 
 Personal History: Born in the United States, attended school age 7 
 to 15, reached fifth grade; has worked very irregularly, cannot hold a job. He 
 has had live arrests in the Juvenile Court, was sent to the John Worthy School 
 from there for stealing a horse and wagon; was also sent from there to St. 
 Charles School for 18 months. He has the following arrests thus far in the 
 Roys Court: January 24, disorderly conduct; February 15, disorderly conduct; 
 June 8. disorderly conduct, sent to House of Correction. 
 
 CASE, M. TO., age 17, male, high grade moron plus dementia prsccox 
 hebephrenia. 
 
 Family History: Father Italian, laborer, in United States 14 years, alco- 
 holic. Mo.ther of case age 40. Italian, in United States 14 years, alcoholic. 
 The boy has one brother, age 22, chronic alcoholic; another brother age 15, 
 alcoholic and has had two arrests. 
 
 Personal History:. Always in ungraded room in school. Has been in 
 Juvenile Court three times, once for stealing, another time for breaking into 
 
 — 374 —
 
 a church and stealing, fur whicli lie was sent to the rarciiial Home lor one 
 year. He has three other arrests in addition to the present one, which was 
 for drawing- a knife on a man. 
 
 CASE, C. WN., age 20, high grade moron plus dementia prcTco.x hebe- 
 phrenia. 
 
 Family History: Father ag:e 51, Scotch, in United States 22 years, alco- 
 holic; cxtrenu'ly nervous and irritable. His father died age 52, had been 
 married three times. 
 
 The boy's mother is Scotch, age 49, reached sixth grade in school; came 
 to the United States age 20, had 15 children. She has one brother age 57, who 
 is a chronic alcoholic, deserted his wife and children; she has another brother 
 married three times, second wife chronic alcoholic; she had a sister age 59, 
 mother of 6 boys and 3 girls, one of her sons married a woman who was a 
 notorious character, while the latter was in jail; slie had another son wiio was 
 separated from his wife, suicided. 
 
 The boy has one brother age 25, married, has one child, is a piano mover; 
 he is irritable and quick-tempered and won't support his wife; he was arrested 
 in the Domestic Relations Court for non-support; judge gave him choice of 
 going to the House of Correction for a year or of contributing ^8 a week to 
 the support of his wife and child, he said he would not do the latter, and it 
 was all the same to him what the court did with him. He has a brother age 9, 
 in third grade, was left back a year in second grade, has baby speech, has 
 nocturnal eneuresis. 
 
 Personal History: Works irregularly, has attacks resembling epilepsj'. 
 He has the following arrests in the Boys Court: January 2, disorderly conduct; 
 March 26, disorderly conduct; May 19, disorderly conduct; June 23, disorderly 
 conduct; July 16, disorderly conduct; September 8, disorderly conduct, sent to 
 House of Correction; May 19, larceny; September 1 the follow'ing year, dis- 
 orderly conduct; December 2, present arrest, hold-up. 
 
 CASE, K. WA., age 20, male, high grade moron plus dementia prascox 
 hebephrenia. 
 
 Family History: Father age 45, he is a printer, fine musician, plays several 
 instruments, he is very erratic and peculiar, deserted wife and family wiiile 
 she was pregnant; his father committed suicide; he was a chronic alcoholic, 
 could not support family and his wife had to go out washing and scrubbing. 
 
 The boy's mother is age 44, quit school eighth grade; she had a bad temper 
 and is excitable, has been very nervous all her life; has had three attacks of 
 "nervous '>rostration." Her father died at age 59 of Bright's disease; he was 
 a quick-tempered, very nervous man, and erratic. 
 
 Her mother died age 68 following second stroke of apoplcxj'. The boy's 
 mother had one brother age SO, married, had six children and deserted the 
 family. She had another brother, died age 38 of tuberculosis; he is a chronic 
 alcoholic. She has one sister living, age 31, has tw^o children, deserted by her 
 husband. 
 
 Case has one brother, age 16, who is backward in school. 
 
 Personal History: Attended school age 6 to 15, reached sixth grade, was 
 in a backward class; he was a chronic truant from school; he is a wanderer, 
 sleeps in woodsheds, etc., he cannot be made to work, tiiey have tried him at 
 everything possible without success; he is a chronic masturbator. He has 
 been stealing from parents for years. He has been in the Juvenile Court 
 twice, both times committed to institutions. Present arrest in Boys Court 
 stealing ring and lavalliere. 
 
 CASE, D ED., age 18, male, middle grade moron plu> dementia pr.Tcox 
 hebephrenia. 
 
 Family History: Father age 55, married twice, chronic alcoholic; his 
 grandmother had epilepsy. He has one brother age 50, married, chronic alco- 
 holic. Mother died age' 40; she was a chronic alcoholic; she had deliruim 
 tremens twice; her father was a chronic alcoholic. She had two sisters who 
 died of tuberculosis; one sister living, separated from her husband. 
 
 Case had one brother, died age 10. was in third grade; has a step-brother 
 
 — 375 —
 
 14 iiii)iitli> olil, mentally ami pliy>ioally (Ufeclivc. Case lias one sister age 27, 
 married, lias four children. 
 
 Personal History: Case attended .school from age 6 to 16 and reached 
 second grade; he has been in trouble ever since; practically never works, is 
 alcohf)lic and a wanderer; he has been in the Juvenile Court and sent to St. 
 Charles School once for 10 months. He has had several arrests in the Boys 
 Court; his hobby is breaking into barns, stealing what he can get; broke into a 
 store and stole two typewriters, was arrested while working the typewriter on 
 the street under an electric light. On another occasion he got up on a tele- 
 graph pole, cut all the wires; he has a form of baby speech. 
 
 CASE, B. TH., age 19, male, middle grade moron plus dementia pr;ecox 
 k.ilatouia. 
 
 Family History: Father age 45, chronic alcoholic, is a case of dementia 
 pra'cox paranoides. The boy's mother is age 40, has had eight children, does 
 washing and ironing to support the family. Case has one brother age 13, 
 began school age 7, now in fifth grade. He has another brother age 11, is 
 backward in school. 
 
 Personal History: Case attended school from age 6 to 14, reached sixth 
 grade; works very irregularl3^ He had the following arrests in the Boys 
 Court: April 22, burglary, 3 months House of Correction; August 3, burglary; 
 September 23 the following year, burglary; October 11, disorderly conduct, 
 forfeited his bond; June 16 the following year, larceny; September 5, vagrancy; 
 January 8, disorderly conduct; February 5, receiving stolen property. 
 
 CASE, B. CH., age 18, male, middle grade moron plus dementia prscox 
 hebephrenia. 
 
 Family History: Father age 45, chronic alcoholic, quick-tempered, quar- 
 relsome, abusive to wife and familj\ The boy's mother is quick-tempered and 
 very nervous. Her father is a chronic alcoholic and her mother had to go 
 out washing to help support the family. The case has one brother, age 22, 
 single, chronic alcoholic. He has another brother age 21, single, reached fifth 
 grade in school. He has another brother, age 16, reached fourth grade, has 
 been arrested. He has another brother age 10 in the third grade. He has 
 one sister age 22, single, reached fourth grade in school, had an illegitimate 
 child. He has another sister age 15, single, reached fourth grade; another 
 sister age 8. in the first grade; another age 6 who has convulsions and is very 
 small for her age. 
 
 Personal History: Attended school age 6 to 15, reached sixth grade; 
 worked irregularly, has speech defect. Was in Juvenile Court, 6 months proba- 
 tion; has had four arrests in the Boys Court for larceny. 
 
 CASE, R. TH., age 18, single, male, middle grade moron plus dementia 
 pr;ecox hebephrenia. 
 
 Family History: Father age 48, chronic alcoholic, married three times, 
 had seven children to his first wife, separated from her; he was divorced by 
 iiis second wife; his third marriage was common-law marriage and they finally 
 separated. Mother of the case, the first wife of his father, died four years ago: 
 she was quarrelsome. Case has one brother age 26, single, has been arrested 
 for carrying a gun; another brother age 35, has been married three times; his 
 first wife divorced him, the second was a common-law marriage and they 
 finally separated: he is alcoholic. Another brother age 21, single, is alcoholic. 
 .■\nothcr brother, age 15, is in St. Charles Reform School, sent from Juvenile 
 Court for stealing. 
 
 Personal History: He reached third grade in school; has been in Juvenile 
 Court four limes and was sent to John Worthy School once for 3 months. He 
 has two arrests in the Boys Court and was sent to the State School and Colony 
 for the Feeble-Minded at Lincoln. 
 
 CASE. A. SH., age 22, middle grade moron plus dementia prrecox hebe- 
 phrenia, male. 
 
 Family History: Father age 52, he is an erratic, peculiar man, intensely 
 einotional : wife had him arrested once in Domestic Relations Court for non- 
 
 — 376 —
 
 support; he deserted wife and children, liis fallier was al^u a very peculiar 
 man and his mother much more so, as well as the whole family. Father has 
 one brother, age 65, single, eccentric. He has one sister who is married, 
 eccentric. He has another sister married, eccentric, has deserted her husband 
 and family several times. He has another sister age 55, married, three thildren 
 who are all very much like our case. She was divorced from her tirst husband 
 and married again. He has another sister married, three children; she is very 
 peculiar and w^as separated from her husband and later divorced. He had one 
 sister died age 45, single, was outspokenly insane. Our case has two second 
 cousins who are both very peculiar. 
 
 The boy's mother is age 45, nervous and e.xcitable; her father died of 
 cancer of the stomach; he was a chronic alcoholic; he had a sister who had 
 been in an insane asylum twice; his mother died at 53 of apople.Ky. Mother 
 has one brother age 33, single, chronic alcoholic, has had stroke of apople.xy. 
 She has another brother age 30. single, e|)ileptic; another brother age 26, 
 chronic alcoholic, very peculiar; she has a sister age 24, married, deserted her 
 husband. Another sister age 22, single, is blind. Another sister age 42, married 
 twice, divorced from rtrst husband. Another sister, widow, has four children; 
 she remarried a widower, she had two children, both idiots, one is in feeble- 
 minded institution and the other age 22 is at home. 
 
 Case has one brother age 17, school 6 to 14, reached fifth grade, he is 
 peculiar, has an ungovernable temper, and has been arrested. 
 
 Personal History: Attended school age 6 to 14, reached third grade, 
 worked very irregularly; has been in state insane asylum twice; he is married 
 but wife separated from him when he was arrested for burglary; he has epilepsy 
 (petit mal), is also alcoholic; has contracted gonorrhea and syphili'^. He was 
 in the cavalry m the United States Arm}', was putjn the psychopathic hospital, 
 discharged from the service, sent back from the Philippines in charge of two 
 soldiers. He has been m the Juvenile Court, has had three subsequent arrests, 
 once for burglary, once passing a bad check, and prescjit arrest carrying a gun. 
 
 CASE, M. JO., age 19, male, middle grade moron i Ins <lcmcnt"a pricco.K 
 hebephrenia plus light degree chronic alcoholism. 
 
 Family History: Father died age 55. of cancer, laborer; alcoholic, was 
 arrested and served a term in the Bridewell. Mother of the case is age 55, 
 illiterate, had 9 children; did washing and scrubbing t') help support the 
 family. Case has one brother age 27, reached fifth grade in school; another 
 age 16, reached fifth grade: another age 15, reached seventh grade; another age 
 11, is now in sixth grade. Case has a sister age 25, married, reached fifth grade; 
 another age 24, married, reached fifth grade; another age 22. single, works in 
 factory, reached sixth grade. Case attended school age 6 to 16 and reached 
 third grade; never worked much, has been idle a year at a time. The mother 
 and four boys and one of the latter's wives, with four children, all live to- 
 gether in five rooms. When the father was living they had to have county 
 aid for five years; house disorderly and dirty; mother careless lot)k:ng. Son's 
 wife has a baby one week old. 
 
 Personal History: Has been in the Juvenile Court, was sent once to 
 St, Charles School and another time to the John Worthy School; has the 
 following arrests in the Boys Court: June 11, larceny, sent to the House of 
 Correction; November 11, larceny, sent to the House of Correction; March 3. 
 burglary and larceny, sent to the House of Correction; September S, r<>bbcr\-. 
 held to the Criminal Court; July 14, disorderly conduct; January 3, r..bi>ery; 
 February 28, on suspicion. 
 
 CASE, P. IS., age 17, male, single, colored. low grade moron plus de- 
 mentia pr?ecox hebephrenia. 
 
 Family History: Father age 46. colored, expressman, married twice, has 
 five children with the first wife. After the first wife died he practically 
 deserted the family, about four years ago, he was forced to take them back. 
 The father has one brother, age 75. widower, stationary engmeer. (jeaccn in the 
 church. He has another brother, age 68. married, farmer, extremely emotional. 
 He has another brother, age 50. married, farmer, extremely emotional. The 
 
 — 377 —
 
 Ijoy's motlitr died at the age of 23 of tuberculosis, she was very feeble minded. 
 Her father died at the age of 35, he was retarded cjn the intelligence side, and 
 in a(!ditii)n, was peculiar and eccentric, and had an ungovernable temper. The 
 grandmother of the boy on tiie mother's side died at the age of 33 of tuber- 
 culosis, she was feeble minded and very nervous, she had one brother married, 
 a farmer whn died age 45, he had two children, one was not only feeble minded 
 but also peculiar and eccentric. She had another brother, married, farmer, 
 died age 40. had five children, all were foible minded. 
 
 The boy's mother has one brother, age 40, married, farmer, has two children, 
 both very feeble-minded. She has another brother, age 38, married, farmer, who 
 is very feeble-minded, and has one child who is also feeble-minded. She had 
 another brother who ran away from home at age 15, and was never heard of again 
 but once after that. She had one sister, died age 19, of tuberculosis. She was 
 feeble-minded. She had another sister, age 45, married. She is feeble-minded 
 and has three children. 
 
 Case has one brother, age 20, attended school age 6 to 17, and reached third 
 grade. He has another brother, age 16, attended school age 6 to 14, reached third 
 grade, has been in Juvenile Court for stealing motor cycle, placed on six months' 
 probation, ran away three weeks later, never heard from since. The case has a 
 sister age 19, single, attended school age 6 to 18, reached fourth grade. Case has 
 another sister age 14, began school age 6 and is now in fifth grade. 
 
 Personal History: School age 6 to 15. reached second grade. Worked 
 irregularly, now accused of raping a 15-year-old colored girl. He has been intimate 
 with her for the past three months. Three weeks ago the girl ran away with another 
 boy and was gone for several days. Both the girl and mother are defective. The 
 girl's mother is now living in adultery. 
 
 Case, L. SA., age 17, male, single, low grade moron plus dementia prjecox 
 hebephrenia. 
 
 Family History: Father age 64, laborer, alcoholic, has not worked for 
 several years, lives with his eldest married son. Boy's mother died age 48 of 
 tuberculosis. Case has one brother age 26. married, has three children, is feeble- 
 minded, has great difficulty getting along. Case has another brother age 24, single, 
 feeble-minded. Case has one sister age 32, married, has five children, two of the 
 children in school are backward. Her husband is a peddler. Case has another 
 sister age 30, married, feeble-minded, has three children, now pregnant, her husband 
 is a peddler. 
 
 Personal History: School age 5 to 13, reached second grade, has done 
 little or no work, has been in Juvenile Court three times, first for trying to wreck 
 an express passenger train, put a lot of railroad ties across the track, served ninety 
 days for this. Another arrest was for stealing brass. He was committed to the 
 feeble-minded institution at Lincoln. Case ran away from Lincoln a week ago, now 
 arrested with some other boys for cutting lead pipes out of houses. In one place 
 they did $2,500 worth of damage and sold the pipe for $40.00. In another place 
 they took $250 worth of pipe and got $8.00 for it. 
 
 CASE, M. CH., age 19, male, colored, single, low grade moron plus de- 
 mentia pra'cox hebephrenia. 
 
 , Farnily History: I-'ather age 55, carpenter, active in church, deserted wife 
 and family and went to live with another woman. Mother of case died age 27 of 
 tuberculosis. She had five children. Her father was colored, and her mother an 
 Indian. The case has one brother age 25, single, feeble-minded, never attended 
 school. Two other brothers, both single, have tuberculosis, are defective. Case 
 has one sister age 20, married. 
 
 Personal History: Never attended school. Was committed from Juvenile 
 Court to an institution. Present arrest in Boys Court for receiving stolen property. 
 He has gonorrhoea and lues. 
 
 CASE. R. JO., age 21. single, male, low grade moron plus dementia pre- 
 cox iicbophrenia plus light degree chronic alcoholism. 
 
 Family History: Father, Italian, age 53. in United States 25 years, rail- 
 road laborer and peddler, ha? been arrested several times, alcoholic. Father had 
 
 — 378 —
 
 three uncles all chronic alcoholics, one was deaf. He had three uncles on his 
 mother's side also, all chronic alcoholics. "Mother, American, died age 47, in an 
 insane asylum, was in one state insane asylum for four years, and another state 
 msane asylum for five years. Case has one brother age 18, married, attended school 
 to age 16, and reached fourth grade. 
 
 Personal History: Born in United States, attended schorl age 6 to 14, 
 reached fourth grade. He has been arrested over a dozen times. Once he tried 
 to wreck a train. Was in one of the state hospitals for the insane for six months. 
 
 CASE, C. MI., age 21, single, low grade nicjron light degree chronic alco- 
 holism. 
 
 Family History: Fatlier age 63, in a home for the aged. Hoy's mother 
 died 8 years ago. age 34. Has two brothers in a custodial institution. 
 
 Personal History: Case attended school age 6 to 12. reached third grade. 
 Committed from Juvenile Court to custodial institution, has had two arrests in 
 Boys Court. 
 
 CASE, B. FR., age 18, single, low grade moron, plus dementia pra-cox 
 hebephrenia. 
 
 Family History: Father Russian, age 61. came to the United States as 
 a young man. \\'orks at odd jobs, is quick tempered. Married twice; his first wife 
 died, age 27. She was the mother of case. The boy's grandfather on his father's 
 side was a chronic alcoholic. The boy had two uncles on his father's side, one 
 with seven children, the other with nine, both were chronic alcoholics. Another 
 uncle died at age of 19 of tuberculosis. The mother of the case died at age 21. She 
 was insane and feeble-minded. Her father was insane and chronic alcoholic. 
 
 Personal History: Had difficulty in getting him to go to school, he would 
 not go to school unless accompanied by somebody, was always silly in school, and 
 made no progress. He was a truant. He was in Juvenile Court, and committed to 
 the Parental School. Present arrest in Boys Court for larceny. 
 
 CASE, L. ST., age 20, single, male, low grade moron, plus dementia pra^- 
 cox hcbeplirenia, light degree chronic alcoholism. 
 
 Family History: Father age 48, Polish, laborer, quick tempered, chronic 
 alcoholic. Boy's mother age 55, Polish, high temper. She has a brother age 52. 
 married, laborer, has six children, is chronic alcoholic. Case has one brother age 12, 
 could make no ])rogrcss in sc1io(j1, liis father took him out and put li.ni to 
 work. 
 
 Personal History: Attended school age 6 to 16, readied fourth grade. 
 Works irregularly. He was arrested September 25, drunk and had a loaded shot 
 gun, placed on probation for six months. Arrested December 7, same year, was 
 drunk, and had a loaded revolver, with which he threatened to shoot his father, 
 his brother, police officer and himself. 
 
 CASE, S. JO., age 18, single, male, middle grade moron plus dementia 
 prseco.x hebephrenia. Attended school age 7 to 14, reached fourth grade. 
 
 Family History: Boy's father, age 42, chronic alcoholic, alwavs peculiar, 
 furnished family a precarious existence, would beat and abuse his wife, wife has 
 had to have him arrested. We examined him when he was in the Domestic Rela- 
 tions Court, and found him to be a high grade borderland moron plus dementia 
 precox katatonia, plus chronic alcoholism. We committed him to the Psycho- 
 pathic Hospital, from whence he was committed to one of the state hospitals for 
 the insane. Father has one brother age 56, a street sweeper, is married, has ten 
 children, and is alcoholic. The mother of the case is age 35, is a high grade moron 
 plus dementia prsecox hebeohrenia. She has had eight children. Went out scrub- 
 bing to help support the family. Case has a twin brother, age 18, who is a high 
 grade moron plus dementia prxcox hebephrenia, attended school age 7 to 14, and 
 reached fifth grade. He is now under arrest with his brother for stealing auto. 
 He has been arrested before. Case has another brother age 13, began school age 7, 
 in first grade tnost of the time. .Another brother, age 10, began school age 7, still in 
 first grade. 
 
 — 379 —
 
 Personal History: ll;i.s lircii in Juvenile (ouii, and in iioys Court, previous 
 to present arrest. Present arrest for stealing an auto with his twin brother. 
 Works irregularly, and is a worthless type. 
 
 CASE. S. FR., male, age 19, high grade suciopatii plus dementia prjecox 
 katatonia plus moral defect plus trace of chronic alcoholism, plus pseudologia 
 phantastioa. 
 
 Family History: I'athcr died age 34, tuberculosis. He was a chronic 
 alcoholic, worthless, the black sheep. He was married but his wife separated from 
 him. He would bring dogs in the house, shoot them dead at his wife's feet, often 
 threaten to shoot her, and once shot her through the shoulder. He was finally 
 committed to an insane asylum. He had one brother, age 41, chronic alcoholic, 
 married. He iiad another, age 45, married, chronic alcoholic. Had another, age 37, 
 married, chronic alcolioiic. One brother died, age 30, single, chronic alcoholic, disso- 
 lute. -Another l)rother died age 20, single, chronic alcolioiic. Has one sister, age 49, 
 single. Another, age 43, married, has nine children. Mother of the case is age 41, 
 married twice. Her mother is age 64, had nervous prostration at the menopause. 
 She has one brother, age 45, divorced from his wife. She has a sister, age 43, 
 married, nervous temperament, has a tic, had St. Vitus dance when a child. 
 
 Personal History: Case had great difficulty in school and was a chronic 
 truant. Has been an incorrigible thief and liar since a young child. Has had 
 several arrests for forgeries, thefts and the like. In spite of having a very liberal 
 monthly allowance he persists in stealing and forging. His present arrest is for 
 going into the band room of one of the universities from which he stole a horn, a 
 loving cup, 50 overcoats, and a typewriter ; 52 pawn tickets were found in his room 
 for various articles he stole and pawned. 
 
 CASE, Z. FR., age 17. male, single: high grade moron plus dementia pr;e- 
 co.x katatonia ; committed to feeble-minded institution at Lincoln. 
 
 Family History: Father superintendent of mill until 1914 when he came 
 to Chicago ; he was a gambler years ago and lost his business by it. He is a 
 moderate drinker, nervous and cannot stand excitement. He is also hard of hear- 
 ing. He went to Wisconsin three weeks ago to visit a sick sister, and has not 
 been working since. He was left an orphan when a boy and adopted into a family, 
 but ran away at age 20 and went west to a coal mine. He has one half-brother 
 who is a chronic alcoholic. He has one sister whose son is a chronic alcoholic. 
 
 Mother of case was married twice, first time when age 13, to a man much 
 older than herself. Her second husband was the father of case. She lost her mind 
 and committed suicide one month after her oldest daughter suicided. Her mother 
 was a peculiar woman ; had no idea of the value of a dollar. Her half brother had 
 one daughter who married a man after knowing him for one day; the husband of 
 another daughter has served a penitentiary sentence. 
 
 Case has one half brother who is a chronic alcoholic and does not work regu- 
 larly ; his daughter, age 18, married, separated after one week and talked about 
 marrying another -man. He had one sister who was feeble-minded, very low- 
 grade, who died a year ago. One sister was married twice, divorced from her first 
 husband. Her second husband was a chronic alcoholic, thief and vicious character ; 
 both the sister and her husband committed suicide. 
 
 ■ Personal History: Case attended school age 6 to 14 and reached third 
 grade; he has not held a job for any length of time, and has not worked at all for 
 the past three or four months. The father of case was at one time a coal miner and 
 familiar with explosives. He says that case worked much on inventions and has 
 whole reams of paper on which he draws his ideas. The father told him what to 
 get in the way of ingredients for an explosive and case began experimenting on 
 his own responsibility, and would get pieces of pipe, fill them with various combina- 
 tions, go out on a hill in the public park where people were sitting and experi- 
 ment. The rocks would fly three hundred feet in the air and people would flee. 
 Case was arrested for tieing, gagging and robbing a girl. 
 
 380
 
 CASES FROM MORALS COURT 
 
 CASE, B FR., age 23, single, female, low grade sociopath plus dementia 
 praecox katatonia. 
 
 Family History: Father age 50, farmer, praccox. He has one brother, 
 age 48, married, farmer, chronic alcoholic. Another brother, age 46, farmer, mar- 
 ried, chronic alcoholic. Has another brother, age 44, single, insane, dropped from 
 the army. Another brother, age 30, single, also insane, chronic alcoholic. Father 
 of the case has one sister, age 50 when she married, mentally defective. Had 
 another sister, age 40, married sixteen years and has five children. Mother of the 
 case, age 50, extremely nervous and high tempered. Her father died at 80. He 
 was a peculiar and difficult man. She has an uncle on her mother's side, age 50, 
 widower, chronic alcoholic. He had two sons, both feeble-minded and queer. 
 The case has one brother, age 17, attended school age 7 to 14, and reached fourth 
 grade, was kept at home. She has another brother, age 11, in the third grade. 
 Case has one sister, age 26, married, very psychopathic, was intimate with her 
 husband before she married him. Another sister, age 21, single, reached fourth 
 grade. Another sister died age 22, had eclampsia, she had two children, had 
 forced marriage, was pregnant when she got married. 
 
 Personal History: Attended school age 7 to 12, reached fourth grade, 
 cannot get along anywhere or hold position, very nervous, resistant, stubborn, 
 and rough. Has been stubborn since childhood, has already been in a private 
 sanitarium. Carries on unnatural sexual practices. Present arrest caught in 
 public park in broad daylight carrying on perverted practices with a soldier. 
 The latter was age 33, single, low grade sociopath plus psychopathic. 
 
 CASE, J. JO., age 27, male, low grade sociopath plus psychopathic plus 
 morphinist and chronic alcoholism, epilepsy. 
 
 Family History: Father, ay:e 54. gate tender railroad cri Losing, marr^t^d 
 twice, first wife died, second wife living. Mother of the case is age 65, weM- 
 known fortune teller, in this business for a great many years, married twice. First 
 husband died by whom she had five children. Second husband living by whom she 
 has had one child, our case. She had one sister scalded to death. Case has two 
 half brothers on the mother's side, one age 32, single, in the army four years, had 
 one arrest previous to going in the army ; another half brother age 44, single, 
 chronic alcoholic, has had delirium tremens. He has a half sister, age 39, married, 
 has six children. She had to earn her living washing, as the husband was worth- 
 less and they were finally divorced. 
 
 Personal History: Attended school age 6 to 14. reached titiii grade, ran 
 a news stand and later on a shoe-shining place. He lost his eyesight through an 
 accident about five years ago, since which time he has made a living peddling lead 
 pencils and begging. He takes about fifteen grains of morphine a day. Was 
 arrested once in a raid on an opium place and sent for a cure, which did no good. 
 He has been living in a filthy, miserable basement with a Mrs. IT. AN. age 37, 
 whose history follows. She has had four children by her own husband, a decent, 
 hard-working man, a good provider and a good home maker in every way, whom 
 she has left to go and live in a basement with our case, and eke out a precarious 
 existence. She has had four children by her legitimate husband, aged 18, 16, 11, and 
 10 respectively. She has an illegitimate child to our case. She has been in the 
 Juvenile Court, but refuses absolutely to go back to her husband and children 
 She contracted the morphine habit from her paramour. He was arrested once be- 
 fore on complaint of his mother. 
 
 CASE, H. AN., age 37, female, married, middle grade moron plus de- 
 mentia prsecox hebephrenia plus morphinism. 
 
 Family History: Father, died age 45, cancer of the sK mach. was a chronic 
 alcoholic and worthless, and the mother of our case finally divorced him. He 
 married again, was arrested a couple of times. His father was a sickly man for 
 a long time before he died. His mother died of cancer. The mother of the case 
 
 — 381 —
 
 ilicd age 50. vSlic made Irt home witli a sister of the case. Case did not know 
 (his was the mother until slic was aRC 19. Case was raised by her grandmother 
 tu aKC 14, tlieii her fatlier and stepmother took her. Her father was married twice 
 and her mother was married three times. While the mother was pregnant one 
 time slie deserted l)0th her and her father. They were finally divorced and she 
 married a second time, divorced this man, and married a third man from whom 
 she is now separated. She owned her house, insured it, set it on fire and served 
 three years in the penitentiary for doing it. Case has one stepbrother by her own 
 father and his second wife, age 24, single, and a chronic alcoholic. The case has 
 one sister, age 3.3, married three times, divorced first husband by whom she had 
 two children. 11 cr second husband died, and the third marriage was a forced 
 one, she being illegitimately pregnant. 
 
 Personal History: Case attended school from age 9 to 14, reached second 
 grade, married age 17, left husband a year ago to go and live with J. JO., age 27, 
 whose hi-tory preceded this one. Her legitimate husband is age Zl . She deserted 
 him a year ago. She has four children living, all more or less defective and three 
 dead. Her marriage to him was a forced one, she being illegitimately pregnant at 
 the time. She has been living intimately with J. JO. for over a year and has an 
 illegitimate child, aged 4 months, to him. Both she and her paramour are morphin- 
 ists and the nursing child also shows the efifects of it. She refused absolutely to go 
 back to her legitimate husband, although he maintained a very desirable home and 
 was willing to take her back. We committed her. 
 
 CASE, K. AN., age 19, female, low grade moron plus dementia pr?ecox 
 hebephrenia. 
 
 Family History: Father, age 45, chronic alcoholic, abusive to wife and 
 children. Mother of the case, age 42, practically illiterate, has had nine children. 
 Is very filthy about her person and the house and is quite defective mentally. She 
 has a brother, age 40, married, has five children, teamster, chronic alcoholic, has 
 been arrested. She has another brother, age 38, married, chronic alcoholic, has 
 been arrested for non-support of wife and children. She has one sister, age 44, 
 married, has ten boys and two girls. 
 
 Case has one sister, age 21, who works very irregularly. She has a brother, 
 age 13, began school age 6, now in the fourth grade, is defective. She has a sister, 
 age 11, began school age 6, now in the third grade. 
 
 Personal History: Case attended school from age 5 to 12, reached fourth 
 grade, has worked very irregularly, is not able to hold a position any length of 
 time. Arrested for living with a man named John, who has been arrested numerous 
 times, and has served a term in Pontiac. She broke her probation by going to live 
 in a house of prostitution and was sentenced to House of Correction. 
 
 CASE, M. LA., age 22, female, high grade sociopath plus dementia pra;cox 
 katat'Miia. 
 
 Family History: I'athcr died age 42, had "brain fever" a year before he 
 died, is reported to have died of grief. He and his wife were divorced. She had 
 a child by another man while living with him. Father of the case was dissolute, 
 abusive, e.\tremely quick-tempered and quarrelsome. He had one brother, age 45, 
 married, chronic alcoholic. Had another brother, age 50, single, had to go to a 
 hospital for nervous breakdown. He had five brothers dead, one was drowned. 
 He had four sisters die, one was married, age 32, had always been a cripple. The 
 other three were single. The mother of the case died age 32, married twice. She 
 and her first husband were divorced and she later married the man to whom she 
 was pregnant while still living with her husband. She has always been intimate 
 with men other than her husband during her married life. Her father died of 
 tuberculosis age 2>2, and her mother is still living, age 78, married twice. She has 
 one brother age 40, married, extremely nervous. Another brother, age 35, married, 
 had "brain fever" four years ago. She has another brother, age 35, twin to the 
 above, married, ten children. He deserted his family. She has another brother, 
 age 42, chronic alcoholic, has had several nervous breakdowns and had to go to 
 hospital'^ for extensive periods, is the black sheep of the family, married twice, 
 
 — 382 —
 
 divorced from the first, and separated from the second. He has been arrested. 
 She has four brothers dead. 
 
 Case has one sister, age 32, single; another sister, age 29, single, very nervous, 
 in the hospital for the past two years for "nervous breakdown." 
 
 Personal History: Attended school a.ere 8 m 15, grn-hiaterl eiu^hth grade. 
 Went into the show business as a muscle dancer. She married a soldier two yeirs 
 ago, one child 8 months old. She has been promiscuously intimate with other 
 men right along. As a juvenile was committed to a home for girls for four years. 
 Has been arrested for soliciting. She has had two illegitimate children. Her hus- 
 band is divorced from her and she is engaged to marry a soldier, age 30, who has 
 two young children age 8 and 6. She is now arrested as an accomplice in a murder. 
 Her accomplice was sent to the penitentiary for life. She has since been arrested 
 and sent to the House of Correction on another charge; served 6 months, released 
 and shortly after again arrested. 
 
 CASE, N. BE., age 32, female, high grade moron plus dementia pr.TCOx 
 katatonia plus preparalytic dementia. 
 
 Family History: Father, age 45. Russian, died nf cancer. I. oft h"? famih- 
 twice in Russia and came to the United States. Mother of the case, age 55. 
 Russian, never in the United States. She had ten children, very nervous, had to 
 consult doctor for her nerves. Her mother died age 60, blind for a great many 
 years before her death, was very nervous. 
 
 Persoral History: Ru-s'an Tevc?-. in T'nited States 16 years, attended 
 school age 9 to 12 years, reached third grade. She became illegitimately pregnant 
 and to avoid the disgrace her folks sent her to America, getting a married man 
 who was also going to America to pose as her husband, so that she could pass 
 by the immigration inspectors. She had her child in a maternity hospital shortly 
 after arriving in New York. Later on she had another illegitimate child. She 
 had a brother in America, but he could not keep her because of her incorrigibility. 
 She has been a prostitute ever since coming to America, much of the time living 
 with panderers in most of the large eastern and middle west cities. One of the 
 men who pandered through her was arrested on her complaint and sentenced to 
 twenty years in prison. She was subsequently found insane and committed to the 
 state hospital for the insane, where she was kept for two or three months. The 
 case was then reopened and the man discharged. She has had numerous arrests, 
 and served numerous sentences. She is insanely jealous and because of this has 
 turned state's evidence against men and women with whom she came in contact. 
 Has had lues. 
 
 CASE, M. RU., age 33, fair average intelligence plus dementia pra-cox 
 hebephrenia plus sex pervert. 
 
 Family History: Father nervous and quicktemnered. >' other di'-d when 
 case was age 3; she has a brother who is a moral defect and homosexual. He is 
 wealthy and takes boys to Europe with him. 
 
 Personal History: Case attended school age n to 19 at a military academy. 
 He says that as a small boy in dresses he would climb up on a secretary to peep 
 in over the transom of the bath room when his brother would bathe; he was 
 thrilled when he saw his brother step out of his clothes. H^ would not expose 
 himself, would never undress before his brother. He says that he did everything 
 possible to control his homosexual impulse, utterly without avail. He was arrested 
 for soliciting, he unconsciously solicited a plain-clothes man. a rather young fellow 
 whom he never suspected of being an officer on account of his youth. He says he 
 never gives nor takes money. 
 
 — 383 —
 
 CASES FROM DOMESTIC RELATIONS BRANCH 
 
 CASE, G. JO., aj^'c 44, male, IurIi K''^i<le sociopath ijIus (knieiitia pra^cox 
 katatniiia. I'.icn in Uiiited States 17 years. 
 
 Family History: l''atiicr was a chronic alrohf lie, his wife had '"•nally to 
 divorce him because of non-support and abuse. He also deserted his wife. After 
 she divorced him he lived with another woman as man and wife, though un-. 
 married to her. Me then got into some trouble and came to the United States. 
 Tiie mother of the case was married twice, divorced her first husband by whom 
 she had tliree children. Second husband, died by whom she had two children. 
 
 She had one brother separated from his wife because she was of an impossible 
 nature. 
 
 The case had one brother who was drowned in a mud puddle at the age of 2. 
 Has another brother age 26, single, alcoholic. He is a wanderer. Ran away from 
 home. 
 
 Personal History: iXttended school from age six to lifteen and got through 
 the village school. Has been married thirteen years, hSs six children, and his wife 
 is now eight months pregnant. He was arrested several times in Europe, and 
 was in two insane asylums. Was arrested in this country before his marriage and 
 has been arraigned twenty-seven times in the Court of Domestic Relations for non- 
 support. 
 
 CASE, S. LO., age 21, married, high grade mnroii plus dementia pra-co.x 
 hebephrenia. 
 
 Family History: Father, age 45, patent medicine peddler. Mother, age 41. 
 
 Case has one brother age 23, attended school from the age of 6 to 16, reached 
 fifth grade. Had another brother age 17, attended school 6 to 14, reached sixth 
 grade. Has sister aged 13, who is in the fourth grade. 
 
 Personal History: Attended schocd age six to age t(jurteen. readied fifth 
 grade, has been in the Juvenile Court, in the Juvenile Home, for larceny. He has 
 also served two terms in the House of Correction, and is now sent for the third time 
 for a year for wife abandonment. A friend of his, a inarried man, was under arrest 
 ill the bastardy court and gave otir case $25 to assume fatherhood of the child, 
 which the latter did. The girl was age 28, and had three illegitimate children 
 living when he married her, two white and one black. His wife is a high grade 
 moron plus dementia prrecox hebephrenia. His wife's parents are both chronic 
 alcoholics and well-known police characters. His wife has the following sisters 
 and brothers : One sister, age 40, was a prostitute, chronic alcoholic, was living 
 with a man she was not married to, has two children living. Another, age 32, 
 prostitute, very tough character, now living with a man to whom she is not mar- 
 ried, has an illegitimate child, age 12, in the second grade in school. Another 
 sister, age 22, was a prostitute and tough, had an illegitimate child, is now married 
 to a bartender. Another sister, age 17, has had an illegitimate child and forced 
 marriage, notorious police character. The wife of our case has one brother who 
 died at the age of 30, of chronic alcoholism. The case has always been a burden 
 and worry to his parents, would never work or support himself. A month or so 
 after he married this girl he helped his friend out again in another similar case, 
 he having relations with the girl at the request of his friend. He was brought into 
 the Domestic Relations Court and sentenced to the House of Correction for non- 
 support, contributing to the delinquency of children and wife-abandonment. 
 
 CASE, P. AM., age 20. single, female, high grade borderland moron plus 
 dementia prcTCox katatonia. She attended school .age 5 to 14, reached sixth grade. 
 
 Family History: Father age 54, high grade borderland moron phis dementia 
 prrecox hebephrenia plus chronic alcoholism. He beats and abuses his wife and 
 famdy, works irregularly, and has a long record in the Domestic Relations Court 
 and police stations. He has served five terms in the House of Correction. He 
 has delusions of infidelity. Has deserted family several times. Was forced to 
 marry wife five years ago. after having lived intimatelv with her for 23 years. 
 He has attempted suicide three times with gas, and another time bought a revolver 
 with which to kill himself. We finally had to commit him to the Psychopathic 
 
 — 384 —
 
 Hospital, from whence he was committed to one of the state hospitals for the in- 
 sane. His father was exactly the same type of man, except that he was not so 
 alcoholic. His mother was a querulous, impossible type of woman whom no one 
 could get along with. He had one brother age 48, married, outspoken praecox 
 case. He had another brother, died age 23 of tuberculosis ; he was backward on 
 the intelligence side, precox and chronic alcoholic. He had another brother who 
 suicided when he was age 28; he was married and a chronic alcoholic. He has 
 another brother age 36, married, defective on the intelligence side, and also pracox. 
 He had one brother die age 15, who was afflicted with epilepsy. The girl's mother 
 is age 49; she is a high grade moron. She lived intimately with her husband as. 
 his wife, without being married, for 23 years. He married her five years ago. She 
 has always had to go out scrubbing and washing. Her father died age 48 of 
 tuberculosis. He was a chronic alcoholic. Her mother is age 84, mentally defective. 
 She has one sister age 47, married twice. She has five children by her first hus- 
 band. The only boy in this group is worthless and chronic alcoholic. She had 
 another sister age 45, married, chronic alcoholic, who fell down stairs while drunk 
 and was killed. 
 
 Case has four brothers. The oldest, age 25. married, attended school age 6 to 
 14, reached fifth grade. He was a chronic truant. He is backward on his intelli- 
 gence side, and also a prjecox. He has been in the Juvenile Court and sent to 
 Parental School, and also arrested since then. She has another brother, age 23, 
 single. Attended school age 6 to 14, reached seventh grade, is of not much account. 
 She has another brother, age 19, single, high grade borderland moron plus dementia 
 praecox hebephrenia. He is a chronic truant. Was in Juvenile Court twice, and 
 committed to the Parental vSchool twice. He is chronic alcoholic, idle most of the 
 time, and still has nocturnal eneuresis. He is rough and brutal to the whole family. 
 He was arrested in the Boys Court on the occasion of our examining him. She has 
 another brother age 5, defective on the intelligence side, and praecox. Case has one 
 sister age 13, began school age 6, is in sixth grade. She is also pracox, had noctur- 
 nal eneuresis to age 6. She has another sister age 11, began school age 6, is in the 
 sixth grade. She is also praecox. Nocturnal eneuresis up to age 9. 
 
 Personal History: .\ttendcd school age 5 to 14, readied -ixth grade. 
 She was a chronic truant, finally dismissed from school because of incorrigibility. 
 She is also incorrigible at home. She is a pest wherever she goes. Her mother 
 discovered she was having intercourse with a man at age 14. She gave the police a 
 great deal of trouble, finally arrested in Juvenile Court age 14. Probation was of 
 no account, and she finally had to be committed to a custodial institution, where 
 she remained ten months. She was committed on two later occasions from Juvenile 
 Court to the Geneva School for Girls for ten months each time. Later arrested 
 and committed to the House of Correction. Present arrest in the Morals Court. 
 She has had two illegitimate children. Both she and the new born child have active 
 syphilis. She totally neglected both of her illegitimate children. She has run away 
 from home, and can not be made to work. She quarrels with everybody, and was 
 so obstreperous that they could not keep her in the maternity ward at the hospital, 
 where she went to be confined with her last illegitimate child. 
 
 CASE, W. WN., age 38, male, low grade sociopath nlus dementia pra-cox 
 hebephrenia plus preparalytic dementia plus chronic alcoholism. 
 
 Family History: Father, age 68, painter and paperliangcr. He has deserted 
 his family several times, once for three years when he returned and gave his wife 
 a serious venereal disease, and on another occasion for six months when his mother 
 was living with them and he w'ould not return until she got out. He was very 
 abusive to wife and family and a poor supporter. He has been arrested. He had a 
 brother, married twice, deserted his second wife, was finally hung for murder. The 
 mother of our case died age 58 of cancer of the breast. She was a peculiar woman, 
 was a chronic alcoholic, and was arrested once for larceny. Her father was dis- 
 owned by the family for marrying his mother's washwoman, who was the grand- 
 mother of our case. Our case has one brother, age (il, chronic alcoholic, has been 
 married twice, deserted the first wife and her three children. Case has one sister, 
 age 54, who is a chronic alcoholic. She was married to one of the regulars in the 
 United States army, but lived at different times with four other men. Case has 
 
 — 385 —
 
 ..lie Ijrotlicr UK'c 42, :v very dissulutc rharaclcr, Icanisler, married, has seven children, 
 is a chronic alc.liolic and has not worked for years, has been arrested as a pick- 
 pocket. Case has another brother, age 34, attended school age 6 to 15, reached 
 third grade, married twice, second marriage being a forced one. His hrst wite 
 divorced him, his second was a prostitute, he later shot her. He was a chronic 
 alcoholic and cocainist. At the same time he shot his wife he shot and killed an- 
 other woman and was sent to the state penitentiary for life for murder. He has 
 another brother age 23, married, has been arrested three times. Has another 
 brother age 40 attended school age 6 to 16, reached third grade, chronic alcoholic, 
 married three times. He deserted his first wife and later they were divorced. He 
 deserted his second wife, although he had three children, and she divorced him on 
 the grounds of desertion, non-support, and cruelty. He has just been married to 
 the third wife. Had ten brothers that died in infancy. The case has one sister, 
 age 47, married, has three children. She and her daughter go out consorting with 
 men together and they try to induce the wife of the case to accompany them. He 
 has another sister, age 31, married, has three children. She contracted lues through 
 her husl>and and the whole family have it. She consorts with other men. 
 
 Personal History: Case attended school age 4>4 (kindergarten) to age 12 
 and reached third grade. He was a messenger boy, later on painter and paper 
 hanger. He is a chronic alcoholic, abusive, cruel, and insulting to his wife and 
 family and a very poor provider, not working for long periods and many times not 
 giving her the least support whatsoever. They were separated twice. His wife 
 was a prostitute before he married her. She is also a chronic alcoholic. She has 
 been unfaithful to her husband and has been intimate several times with her sister- 
 in-law's husband. She has had two miscarriages from other men. She has at- 
 tempted suicide twice. She and her husband quarrel a great deal and often come to 
 blows, throwing things at each other. They have three children living, one girl 
 age 14, who began school age 6 and is now in the seventh grade, is extremely 
 nervous, quick-tempered and has hereditary lues; a boy, age 12, began school age 7, 
 now in fourth grade, has an umbilical hernia, quick-tempered, and was only 2 feet 6 
 inches tall when aged 7, very nervous, constantly dreaming; girl, age 16, began 
 school age 6, now in eighth grade, very nervous, quick-tempered, selfish, and very 
 mean, goes into rages and breaks dishes by throwing them on the floor. The case 
 was arrested when he was age 17, now arrested on complaint of his wife. 
 
 CASE, S. IR., male, age 28, low grade sociopatli plus dementia prcccox 
 hebephrenia plus chronic alcoholism plus gonorrhoea. 
 
 Family History: Father, age 54, janitor, born in the United States illiterate, 
 chronic alcoholic. His wife was married three times; he was her second husband. 
 She was intimate, all the time she was living with him, with other men. These 
 men would beat him up, and he finally deserted her. She divorced him. In addi- 
 tion to being a chronic alcoholic, he was quarrelsome, headstrong, abusive physically 
 as well as in language, had an ungovernable temper ; in short, was exactly like our 
 case is now. Our case had one uncle on his father's side, who was a chronic alco- 
 holic. Father had one half brother, also chronic alcoholic, married to a divorcee. 
 Father had four sisters, one age 50, very nervous; another, age 48, married twice; 
 her first husband was a chronic alcoholic and generally worthless. There were two 
 children to this union, one a boy who died young and a girl aged 25, who was 
 mentally deranged, who has been married a short time, but has already had several 
 separations. The case has another aunt on his father's side, age 40, widow, very 
 nervous. Her husband was a chronic alcoholic. They had one son, age 24, also a 
 chronic alcoholic. The mother of the case was born in the United States, age 54, 
 married three times. She divorced her first husband, the second was the father 
 of our case. She has since married her third husband, age 29. The latter is a 
 chronic alcoholic, never works, and they have been separated several times. He 
 is utterly worthless and deserts her two and three months at a time. The mother 
 of our ca?e is an alcoholic and inveterate cigarette smoker. She never turns her 
 hand to the least thing. She runs a couple of rooming houses in a questionable 
 part of the city for questionable purposes. She has one brother living, age 50, 
 married twice. He was divorced from his first wife and his second wife was a 
 widow with three children. He is a heavy chronic alcoholic. She has a sister, 
 
 — 386 —
 
 age 50, who has been married and divorced twice. She is very nervous. She runs 
 a rooming house. She has a daughter who has been married twice. The latter 
 divorced her first husband, was a chronic alcoholic, and had delirium tremens. She 
 had two children by the first marriage, one of whom is an epileptic. 
 
 Our case has one half brother and two own sisters. The half brother is age 32, 
 single, very defective mentally, chronic alcoholic, gets delirium tremens. Has beec 
 arrested innumerable times. His eldest sister is age 26, single, reached sixth grade, 
 and works in a laundry. Her other sister is age 21, both she and her husband 
 work in laundries. She lives with her mother and he with his. She is 5 feet 10 
 inches tall and her husband is 5 feet 3 inches. 
 
 Personal History: Attended school age 6 to 11, reached fifth grade. Age 
 15, arrested on charge of robbery. He works very irregularly and does not hold job 
 for any length of time. He is idle more than he works. He has not, for instance, 
 worked for the last si-x months. He is highly sexed, is a chronic alcoholic, beats 
 and abuses his wife and uses the vilest kind of language imaginable to her. He 
 gives her little or no support and one time they had to sleep for three nights in the 
 bushes on the bank of a river. He has deserted her several times, came back three 
 times with gonorrhoea, and now has chronic gonorrhea. The last time he deserted 
 her he joined the troops. His wife has chronic gonorrhoea. She is a low grade 
 sociopath and praecox. She was pregnant by another man when she married our 
 case, who knew about the situation. The child was born seventeen days after 
 they were married. 
 
 CASE, D. RU., age 48, male; high grade moron plus dementia pra;cox 
 hebephrenia, at times katatonic, light degree chronic alcoholism. 
 
 Family History: Father, age 83, was a chronic alcoholic, Jiigh-tempered, 
 irritable, very cruel, quarrelsome and brutal, would beat his wife into unconscious- 
 ness ; was sentenced to JefFersonville Penitentiary for four years for stealing; he 
 was married twice, his second wife being an Indian, who was his brother's wife 
 previously; his first wife divorced him on account of drink and cruelty. He had 
 a forefather who was a general in the Revolution. He has a sister who is feeble- 
 minded, has no children of her own, but adopted the youngest child of her brother. 
 His wife is feeble-minded. There is insanity, feeble-mindedness and tuberculosis 
 running all the way through the family. One of D's parents or his wife's parents 
 was one of seven children and the other parent was one of twenty-eight children. 
 D's mother died at the age of 51 of uterine carcinoma. She was married twice. 
 She had to leave her first husband because of cruelty; she had seven children by 
 her first husband, none by her second. She was completely insane for three years. 
 One of her sisters, age 70, was married once and divorced. 
 
 D has three brothers, one age 51, chronic alcoholic, was married twice, his 
 first wife divorced him for non-support; they had two children; he remarried and 
 had three children by his second wife. He had another brother, who died at age 18 
 of empyema, chronic alcoholic. The other brother died age 12. He has one sister, 
 age 45, married, has ten children. He has another sister, age 42, married twice, 
 divorced her first husband. He has another sister, age 43, married twice, divorced 
 from her first husband. 
 
 Personal History: D began school age 12 but did not attend very long. 
 he never got out of the first grade. He has a tendency to stutter when excited. 
 He has been a cook in a small way and a dishwasher. He has worked very irregu- 
 larly, has been married twice; his first wife divorced him on the grounds of deser- 
 tion. She was pregnant by another man. He remarried after two years. They 
 had six children, kept five and gave one away. His children rate as follows: 
 Daughter, age 17, was backward in school and could not make any headway. Teach- 
 ers say she needed constant watching because of her attentions to boys. She is 
 now in feeble-minded institution. Another daughter, age 18, is a high grade moron. 
 She has been promiscuously immoral and is now in feeble-minded institution. She 
 kept house for her father after the death of his second wife and he lived in intimacy 
 with her, was discovered and tried for it. One daughter, age 13. is a high grade 
 moron, has been present when her father had immoral relations with her eldest 
 sister. She is now in feeble-minded institution. One daughter, age 7, in first grade 
 
 — 387 —
 
 ill siliuol, lias siicccli defect, jaltbtrs instead of talks, is quite feeble-minded. One 
 hoy, age 10, is in fourtli pradc in school, is tongue-tied, practices masturbation. 
 
 The records on the oldest daughter show that before her mother died, when 
 she was about age 15, she had improper relations with a boy age 17; she was in 
 third or fourth grade and found her studies difficult. She says her father knew of 
 these relations and encouraged them, and invited the boy to their house for such 
 purposes. Her next eldest sister was also aware of it; she also stayed with the 
 Inisband of her mother's sister, a man between 20 and 30 years of age, who had 
 forced iicr to submit to him. She said her aunt had planned it that she was to 
 come there and submit to this man. The records further show that a few days 
 ago she had improper relations, once in the morning and once again in the afternoon, 
 with a boy age 15 years. She says her father had previously talked to this boy and 
 urged him to hold improper relations with her. That same evening her father 
 attempted to attack her, but desisted. He has been intimate with her ever since 
 her mother's death. She said her father told her not to tell any one, as he would 
 be sent up for twenty years and she would be sent to a reform school. He said 
 that she must receive men, as he needed the money, and that he would fit up a bed- 
 room for that purpose in the house. 
 
 The second youngest girl is now living with a half-sister to D's wife. She 
 was illegitimate and was intimate with D right along. She was a prostitute and 
 pervert. D's wife was raped by her brother when she was age 15 and he was age 17, 
 and he was intimate with her right along afterwards. D's brother married his 
 wife's half-sister, who was illegitimate. She later divorced D's brother. He is in 
 Chicago and remarried, is a chronic alcoholic and he and his wife are quite dis- 
 reputable. She has been intimate with D right along. D still masturbates. D's 
 brother has three children. D's second wife had her sister submit to several men 
 when she was age 17, and she became pregnant. She later married and is the mother 
 of three children. D subsequently became involved with his 8-year-old girl through 
 incestuous conduct, and she and the other child had to be removed by the court. 
 
 At the time of D's first arrest for incest with his eldest daughter he was 
 found feeble-minded. We examined him in 1915 and again in 1917. The first time he 
 tested twelve and one-fifth years and the second time twelve years mentally. In 
 addition to that, he shows evidences of a moderate degree of dementia prsecox kata- 
 tonia, with intermittent, fleeting paranoid delusions of persecution such as the 
 feeble-minded praecox with his level of intelligence acquire, and he also shows a 
 light degree of chronic alcoholic abuse. He works by spells with katatonic pressure 
 on inventions. One of his inventions was to furnish motor power to factories 
 by rigging up several wheels of cannons placed eccentrically on a shaft that would 
 be automatically loaded and fired, and the recoil was to furnish the motive power. 
 Another invention was a boilerless engine. Another invention was a steam turbine 
 engine. He has been working at a very menial occupation on a small salary and 
 what little he saved was preyed upon by the most obvious stock and other 
 swindlers. 
 
 CASE, H. WI., age 5' j, tests 7.4 years on intelligence scale. He is a case 
 of dementia pra?cox, hyperbulic type, moral defect; was legally adopted; his mother 
 had been deserted by her husband and the case is an illegitimate child by another 
 man. His case was written up prominently in the papers and there was a regular 
 competition of people seeking to adopt him; he was finally adopted into a most 
 admirable home; his foster parents, after giving him every trial, finally returned 
 him to the court as impossible. We enumerate a few of the things they complained 
 about. He frequently soils himself both by day and night and w"ill not tolerate any 
 correction concerning him; puts up other children to do dirtv tricks; his language 
 and thoughts are impossible; he has a habit of talking to himself, was overheard 
 to say the other day, "When I get a big boy I will run away and kill my mamma." 
 He schemes to get money from his mother, steals money from the newspaper stand ; 
 cannot permit him to be alone with girls ; he doesn't play like other children, tries 
 to overhear the conversation of older people, sneaks up to listen; his foster mother 
 had him first sleep with her because he was afraid, but on account of behavior she 
 could not tolerate his presence and put him with his foster father, but he is so 
 restless that they had to get him a bed for himself: he is a masturbator ; he blows 
 
 — 388 —
 
 his nose in the dish towel ; spits on the wall next to his bed ; rubs his fingers in it ; 
 has many other filthy habits. The first week he was adopted he went into the 
 chicken house, grabbed one of the chickens around the neck and skinned it. He 
 screams out at night in his sleep, is found upside down in bed ; always eating 
 (Naescherei), crazy for candy; he has to be paid for every day he is good; when 
 children are around he lies on the floor instead of playing with them ; looks up 
 dresses of the girls, etc. 
 
 CASE, P. LE., age 48. 
 
 Family History: Father, age 76, lives with one of his daughters by whom 
 he has had a child; he also had a son to his oldest daughter; his wife died ten 
 years ago, and he is now living in intimacy with his daughter ; he was also intimate 
 with his son's wife ; this finally led to a fracas and he killed her. They were both 
 sentenced to the penitentiary for life; her husband was finally released after two 
 3'ears on account of the unusual circumstances, and his father after eleven years, 
 having taken up the habit of religious cult, was paroled. He has been out two 
 years now and he was re-arrested on account of his illicit relations with his daughter 
 and being the father of the child. He was a chronic alcoholic; his mother died 
 of tuberculosis, sick nearly a year. He has one brother, age 50, married, has had 
 six children, is a chronic alcoholic; is quick-tempered, quarrelsome, and fights on 
 the least provocation. He has been arrested. He has one sister, age 22, who had 
 to be sent to an industrial school ; reached fourth grade there at age 19 ; she has 
 been arrested several times : she ran around and had intimate relations with boys 
 and had venereal disease when committed to the industrial reform school; she is 
 living in intimacy with her father now and has borne him a girl baby. He has 
 another sister age 23, mother of seven children ; she is quick-tempered and her 
 children are all diseased or crippled. He has another sister age 30, married, has 
 four children ; quick-tempered and quarrelsome, chronic alcoholic. 
 
 Personal History: Age 48, works as rook in poor restaurant, is extremely 
 nervous, suspicious and jealous. He was a Salvation Army worker and exhorter. 
 He has been married twice; his first wife was shot and killed by his father, who 
 was also intimate with her; he was very jealous of her and in a fracas his father 
 shot and killed her; he and his wife had' been separated many times; there was one 
 child by this marriage, a girl. He then married again, a crippled woman (who was 
 supposed to be intimate with her brother, who later suicided) with whom he had 
 two children ; he deserted her several times and once she left him when she discov- 
 ered that he was intimate with his daughter by his first wife. He finally deserted 
 her for good and went to live wnth his daughter as man and \yife. For a time he 
 lived in intimacy with both his daughter and another woman in one flat. He has 
 been a chronic alcoholic and excessive cigarette smoker, consuming as much as 
 three or four packages a day. He has been arrested several times ; he is very 
 abusive, kicks and beats his daughter, and at present she has a black eye. He 
 always contends that his brother w-as her father. His wife, who was shot, was a 
 chronic alcoholic; was always intimate with other men, and for a time_ pandered 
 for her husband. She was intimate with her husband's boss, with his cognizance, for 
 a period of seven years. She also worked at times as a cook; she was excitable, had 
 attacks of angoisse. was very nervous. During the fracas when she was shot her 
 husband stabbed her in the side, and she did the same to him ; he still has the scar. 
 His daughter by his first wife, w^ith whom he has been living in intimacy, has spent 
 considerable time in a reform school ; when eight years old she was intirnate with a 
 man; she has carried on promiscuous intercourse before and after leaving reform 
 school. Her father sent her out soliciting for a time, but he has become so jealous 
 of her lately that lie will not leave her out of his sight; he is insanely jealous of 
 her. As a child her father's iM'othcr would strip her and beat her. .\s a result of 
 his relations with his daughter, he was held to the Criminal Court, where he was 
 tried, found guilty and sent to the penitentiary. He is a low grade sociopath plus 
 dementia prtecox hebephrenia plus light degree chronic alcoholism. The daughter 
 was a low grade sociopath plus light grade dementia prsecox hebephrenia plus 
 pseudologia phantastica ; she suffers from liysteriform seizures, especially about tiie 
 menstrual periods. 
 
 — 389
 
 CASES FROM OUTSIDE COURTS 
 
 CASE, J. AL., am' -7, male, single, liigli grade socio])ath plus dementia 
 l)r;i'Ctix kalatiiiiia. 
 
 Family History: l'"allu-r, Aiiu'rican, age 74. liraclically initcratc, always 
 a laborer, iiuw an inmate of state insane asylum, always a chronic alcoholic, abusive, 
 insulting and cruel to his family, has always been a peculiar man. His wife found 
 it necessary to apply several times for warrants for him and also to appeal to the 
 Domestic Relations Court for help. Once he was arrested with his son, charged 
 with larceny, son (our case) was sent to the House of Correction for a year. He 
 was also abusive to animals, would curry the horses until they would bleed, would 
 tie knots in whips and beat the horses. Would take straw out of barrels in which 
 dishes were packed, wet it and feed it to the horses, and spend money he had for 
 feed on drink. At one time he so brutally injured a horse with a pick handle they 
 had to send for the police to come and shoot the animal. Was arrested on another 
 occasion for abusing horses. He has deliberately set the house on fire twice. He 
 has never supported his wife and she had to help support herself by selling news- 
 papers, taking roomers, etc. He was a ravenous, hoggish eater, very destructive, 
 incorrigible liar, very dirty and filthy about his person, would go six months with- 
 out taking off his shirt. Will ramble around the streets and get lost. Worked very 
 irregularly; wife had to hunt up jobs for him which he could not be depended 
 upon to take. Has been queer for a great many years. Was destructive, nervous, 
 (pnck-tcmpcrcd, quarrelsome, a troublemaker, and has delusions of infidelity. Sex- 
 ually excessive. He has paranoid trends. Was a soldier in the Civil War, during 
 which he suflfered a sun stroke, and is still afifected by the heat. His father and a 
 brother were killed in the Civil War. He has one sister, age 60, very nervous and 
 asthmatic. Her husband suicided. Mother, a.ge 53, born in United States, high 
 grade moron plus dementia prsecox hebephrenia plus presenile dementia, married 
 twenty-eight years, very nervous. Her father was a Civil War veteran and later 
 on killed in an accident. Her mother was married twice, first husband died and 
 the second husband killed her. shot her twice and cut her throat, for w-hich he was 
 executed. Mother has two sisters living and one dead ; one sister, age Zl , single, 
 church missionary in China ; another sister, age 52, twin, married and has six chil- 
 dren ; another sister died of cancer of the stomach ; twin, married twice, first hus- 
 band, bartender, died of tuberculosis and chronic alcoholism ; second husband, a 
 soldier in the army, wdio died after three years' sickness. She used to work while 
 she was married as a janitress. 
 
 Case has one sister living, age 20. attended school age 6 to 14, reached fourth 
 grade; she had an illegitimate -child who is now 5 years old; she was arrested 
 with her paramour for living together as man and wife, at which time they got 
 married, and has had another child since they have been married. She worked 
 very irregularly, is of a resistant, stubborn, high-tempered, quarrelsome nature. 
 Her husband has deserted her and has served time in Pontiac. He again deserted 
 her and joined the armj'. He has one sister, died, age 20, she committed suicide 
 by taking poison. She attended school age 6 to 16, reached fifth grade ; was not 
 bright. She had an illegitimate child at age 16, and about a year later she had the 
 father of the child arrested and he was forced to marry her; the child is now^ age 6 
 and incorrigible. The husband is a worthless fellow with a prison record. He 
 deserted her and the child a couple of times. He was dissolute and gave her 
 syphilis about a year before she suicided. She was very much like her father, 
 high-tempered, quarrelsome, troublemaker, and very nervous. She attacked her 
 sister once with a butcher knife, was of an extremely jealous nature. 
 
 Personal History: Case attended school age 6 to 17, reached scvontli 
 grade, played truancy a great deal. He used to seirpapers and was also a peddler 
 and worked in a factory. He has Juvenile Court record. Subsequently to this he 
 was arrested for larceny, served a year in the House of Correction, out two or 
 three months, committed larceny against the same people, was re-arrested, con- 
 victed and sentenced for a year, and released after several months. Shortly after- 
 wards re-arrested for larceny against the same people and sentenced for fifteen 
 montlis. ^Vhile he was in the House of Correction another warrant was sworn out 
 for hun, when he was released he was arrested at the door of the House of Cor- 
 
 — 390 —
 
 rection, held to the Criminal Court from the Municipal Court, got bond while in 
 jail, jumped his bond. Now arrested and convicted of murder. When age 17 he 
 had a fight with a neighbor and shot and killed him, was released on grounds of 
 self-defense. 
 
 CASE, F, RO., age 27, female, single; high grade imbecile plus dementia 
 praecox hebephrenia. Some of her tests are illustrated with those of the outside 
 courts. 
 
 Family History: Father, age 62, in home for dependents past two years, 
 he was a laborer, chronic alcoholic ; he ran away from home at age 14 and never 
 got in touch with his people again. He had nine sisters and brothers. Mother of 
 case died at age 49 of apoplexy; she had licr first stroke six months previously; 
 she was the mother of six children, w'orked in a factory before her marriage. She 
 had one brother, single, died at age 40 of pulmonary tuberculosis ; he was a chronic 
 alcoholic. She has one brother living, age 35, married, separated from family, 
 chronic alcoholic. She has another brother, age 50, married, separated from fam- 
 ily; he is a "hobo" and chronic alcoholic. Case has three brothers dead, two as 
 infants, one at the age of 26, of pulmonary tuberculosis; he attended school from 
 age 6 to 14 and reached sixth grade; he was a teamster, but idle much of the time; 
 had a very bad temper, was chronic alcoholic and had been arrested. Case has one 
 sister dead at age 1^^ years of convulsions, and one living, age 30, who attended 
 school from age 7 to 14, and reached the sixth grade ; she worked in a factory 
 until married, and has two children; she is very nervous, her husband is an al- 
 coholic. 
 
 Personal History: The ca?e herself is age 27; it was inip..'.>ibK- f':)r her 
 to learn in school, has never been able to hold a job, has w'orked occasionally for a 
 woman, who gave her $1.20 a week. She is very nervous and high-tempered. 
 
 CASE, M. BE., age 22, female, single; low grade moron plus predementia 
 jinecox. Some of her tests are illustrated with those of the outside courts. 
 
 Family History: Father died age 52 of pulmonarj- tuberculosis; was born 
 in Poland, in America thirty-two years ; could neither speak nor understand Eng- 
 lish ; he had a high temper, w^as a chronic alcoholic, beat and abused his wife. 
 Mother of case, age Zl , born in Poland, in United States twenty-two years, speaks 
 and understands some English ; she has had five children, is somewhat alcoholic 
 and nervous ; works at times in a tobacco factory. 
 
 Case has two brothers living, one age 32, married, has three children ; he can- 
 not support his family, his wife has had to have him arrested twice, he is a chronic 
 alcoholic. Another brother, age 22, single, has pulmonary tuberculosis, is extremely 
 nervous, chronic alcoholic. Case has three sisters, one age 32, married, has four 
 children ; she is very nervous ; her husband is a teamster and is a chronic alco- 
 holic, divorced. Another sister, age 25, married, husband is a teamster, she is very 
 quarrelsome and cannot get along with him ; they are divorced. One sister, age 26, 
 married, divorced. One sister died, was blind from birth. 
 
 Personal History: Ca'-e, born in Chicago, attended schim] age 6 to 15 and 
 reached second grade, worked in a factor}-; had illegitimate child at age 16, settled 
 the case for $25, sued man in bastardy court, did not know his surname. She has 
 been living in immoral house, she was taken to a barn and immorally used by twelve 
 thugs, she complained that they did not give her any money; she is alcoholic. 
 
 CASE, H. AR., age 28, male, single: middle grade moron plus dementia 
 precox hebephrenia plus light degree chronic alcoholism. 
 
 Fa.mily History: Father, age 62, French, in United States 7u years, he 
 is a porter, alcoholic, high-tempered, easily excited, wife divorced him. Mother 
 died age 58 of aneurism, divorced her husband and went out scrubbing as a means 
 of livelihood afterwards ; she was the mother of six children. 
 
 Case has one sister, age 32, who attended school from age 6 to 14, and reached 
 sixth grade, she left her husband and now works as a cook in a saloon. Another 
 sister, age 27, has been married twice, divorced from first husband. 
 
 Personal History: Case attended school from age 6 to 14, got to the 
 fourth grade, he has always been a trouble to the family, he is a chronic alcoholic 
 of light degree, very quarrelsome, especially when drunk; played truant a great 
 
 — 391 —
 
 (leal, was ill llic Jiivciiilc Court twice, has had numerous conflicts with the police, 
 and'his iu-ad hears the scars resulting from many of his conflicts. 
 
 CASE, B. FR., age 21, male, single; middle grade moron plus dementia 
 pra-cox heh'eplirenia plus light degree chronic alcoholism. 
 
 Family History: Fatlier died age 28, kept a saloon, he was five feet ten 
 inches tall, weighed 280 pounds, chronic alcoholic. Father has one brother age 40, 
 married, teamster, chronic alcoiiolic, has three children age 3, 5 and 10 years re- 
 spectively, the eldest is backward in school. Mother of case is age 42, attended 
 school 6 to 14, reached sixth grade, illiterate, w^orks in a factory, she is a moderate 
 drinker, married twice, lier first husband, father of case, died; second husband died 
 eight years ago in the County Hospital, he was a chronic alcoholic; she had four 
 children by her first husband and one by her second. Case has one brother, age 19, 
 attended scliool from age 6 to 14, reached third grade, he was a truant, has been at 
 John Wortliy School. Case has one sister, age 23, attended school age 6 to 14, 
 reached sixth grade, she is single. 
 
 CASE, M. ED., age 38, male, whose visual memories have been illustrated. 
 
 Family History: Father was an attorney, chronic alcoholic, separated from 
 wife, very nervous, arrested once, charged with murder, his insanity became quite 
 outspoken and he finally suicided. M's mother is age 70 and a devotee of a religious 
 cult. She has one brother, who is a chronic alcoholic. M has one brother age 26, 
 single, who has been arrested for stealing. He has two sisters, one age 32, married, 
 very nervous ; another, age 28, single, who is an actress. 
 
 Personal History: M. is age 38, graduated from eighth grade age 14, and 
 has been a newspaper writer. He was peculiar from his earliest childhood, he has 
 been a cocainist and morphinist for years, never married, contracted lues two years 
 ago. The following is a brief summary of his record as far as we can ascertain it, 
 beginning with the 15th year of age. It illustrates the necessity for farm colonies 
 which will take care of such individuals at the very outset, and secure permanent 
 custodial care, thus anticipating such bungled careers: 
 
 1894, April 29 (as J. Let. at Chicago) — Burglary, own recognizance. 
 
 1894, November 27 (as J. Let. at Chicago) — Burglary, Fontiac, paroled Octo- 
 ber 7, 1899. 
 
 1899, December 5 (as Frank M. at Chicago) — Larceny, own recognizance. 
 
 1900, March 22 (as T. Mur. at Chicago) — Burglary, Chester Insane Asylum. 
 
 1901, May 19 (as John Mur. at Chicago) — Burglary, committed to Fontiac Re- 
 formator}', later transferred to Chester Insane Asylum. 
 
 , (as Edward M. at Chicago) — Disorderly conduct, fined $175 
 
 and costs. 
 
 1901, December 7 (as J. Let. at Chicago) — Burglary, committed to Chester In- 
 sane Asylum. 
 
 1902, November 30 (as J. Let. at Chicago) — Larceny, committed to County Jail 
 for six months. 
 
 1903, September 18 (as J. Lem. at Chicago) — Larceny, committed to the House 
 of Correction for one year, and sentenced to pay a fine of $1.00 and serve one year 
 to begin at the expiration of first term. 
 
 1905, September 4 (as Harry B. at Kansas City) — Larceny, picking pockets, 
 committed to Missouri State Penitentiary for three years. 
 
 1909, March 2 (as Edw^ard Wil. at Port Washington, Wis.) — Larceny, picking 
 pockets, committed to Wisconsin Penitentiary, Waupun, for three years. No. 10545. 
 
 1908, May 21 (as J. Let. at Louisville, Ky.)— Picking pockets, no disposition. 
 
 1908, September 18 (as J. Let. at Milwaukee)— Larceny and picking pockets, 
 no disposition. 
 
 1908, May 25— Escaped from Port Washington (Wis.) jail while awaiting trial. 
 
 1913, January 27 (as B. O. Spa. at Memphis, Tenn.)— Larceny, picking pockets, 
 committed to Nashville (Tenn.) Penitentiary for two years. 
 
 1915, December 30 (as Edward Hac. at Rockford, 111.)— Larceny, picking pock- 
 ets, no disposition. 
 
 1916. July 5 (as W. N. Ba. at Toronto)— Picking pockets, committed to the 
 Ontario Reformatory, Guelph, for six months and indefinitely, the term not to ex- 
 ceed two years less one day, and to be deported at the expiration of this term. 
 
 — 392 —
 
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