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!ARY
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THE
6tbU h\) C0uer^ale
(^
M D X X X V.
REMARKS ON THE TITLES; THE YEAR OF PUBLICATION
THE PRELnHNARV; THE WATER -ISIARKS, &c.
WITH FAC-SnHLES.
FRANCIS FRY, F.S.A.
MYLES COVERDAI.E
LONDON: WILLIS & SOTHERAN. liRISTOL: LASBURV
1867.
CONTENTS
Page 1.
M 2.
n 3.
M 4.
10.
11.
\-2
HE First Bible in English was finished October
I
dj 4th, 1535.
-Myles CovercUile the Translator.
-When Coverdale began the work not known.
-Where Coverdale resided while translating not
known, nor where the Bible was pi-inted.
-The text is preceded by eight leaves, all of which
are prmted in English black-letter, except two
copies of one title and one leaf.
-The diflerent titles described.
-The title with the List of Books on the reverse
cannot be intended to precede the same List.
-The Title, 1536, supposed by some authors to have
been the title with which the Bible was first issued.
-Lewis, Professor Walter, &c., suppose the Bible
was kept back by Coverdale from the 4th of
October until the King was married to Jane
Seymour, in May, 1536.
-The first leaf of the Dedication to the King sup-
posed to have been reprinted to substitvite Queen
Jane for Queen Anne.
-Opinions of various authors, based on an error.
-The leaf of Dedication with "Queen Jane" proved
to be a leaf of Nvcolson"s edition, 1537.
724
CONTENTS— CONCLUDED.
PAt;E 12. — Tlie Title, in English bhK-k-k'ttcr, 15:5;"), belonging
to the Mnnj^uis of Northampton, descril)ed.
.1 13. — It is suggested that Coverdale may not have wished
to i)ublish the statement on the title "translated
out of Douche and Latyn."
i> 1-4. — Passage from a letter by Coverdale and Grafton.
It 15-16. — Opinions on Coverdale's Version as au original
translation.
II 17. — We do not know why the leaves before Genesis
printed with the type of the text were disused.
n II -18. — The preliminary leaf belonging to the Earl of
Leicester described.
M 11). — Copies completed with a fac-simile title should have
one from the Northampton title.
n 20. — The wood-cuts of the titles of 1.53-3 and 1536 differ.
11 II — The error made by Lewis and others shows tliat
bibliographers should know that the copy of the
work they use is correct.
II 21. — Different editions of the BiVdo and New Testament
often mixed.
ti 22-23. — Examples given.
II 24-25-26. — Water-marks in eleven copies of the Bible.
11 27. — Opinions of Wanly, &c., where the Bible was printed.
II 28.- — Filty-three works printed by Froschover examined.
M 29-30-31. — Egenolph suj^posed by Dibdin, <kc., to have
vised the same Avood-cuts as were used for the
Bible.
M 32. — The wood-cuts in the Bible shown not to be the
same as those printed by Egenolph.
II 33. — The type used by Egenolph for his Bible in German
not the same type as the page of the Bible, 1535.
11 II &c. — Some books named containing types or wood-
cuts the same as are in tlie Bible.
N.B.— Collation of the First Bible in English, pp. vi., vii.
CONTENTS OF THE PLATES.
No. 1.— I
M.Q
HE centre of the Title, 1535. Printed with the
same ty])e as the Bible.
2. — The centre of the Title, 1535. English black-letter.
3.— The centre of the Title, 153G. English black-letter.
4. — The centre of tlie Title. Nycolson, 1537.
5. — Passages from the first leaf of the Dedication. The
Bible, 1535.
0. — Head lines, Signatures, Preliminary leaves of the
Bible, 1535. — Passage from "To the reader" in the
Earl of Leicester's copy of the Bible, 1535.
7. — Passages from the first leaf of the Dedication. The
Bible printed by Kycolson, 1537.
8. — Head lines, Signatures, Preliminary leaves of the Bible,
Nycolson, 1537. — The conclusion of the Dedication
from the Bible, 1535, and the Bible, 1537.
9.— Three Water-marks. The Bible, 1535.
10.— Two u H n
11. — Three n " "
12. — Two 11 II ti
13. — Seven Capital Letters. n "
11. — Two passages first page Genesis. — One line first page
Esay. — The Imprint on the last page.
15. — Fac-siniile of a l)age of the Bible, 1535.
N.B. — This book consists of 15 Plates Fac-siinile-s, No. 1 to
15; Title and three leaves, signature A, pp. i. to viii. ;
signatures B to F 2, pp. 1 to K).
COLLATION
OF THE FIRST BIBLE IN ENGLISH.
Eight leaves before the text printed in English black-letter.
1.— The Title. —Re verse: blank. Date 1535. [Plate 2. ] The letter-
l)ress is surrounded with wood-cuts of subjects from the Scriptures,
and Henry VIII. under a canopy with attendants and Royal Arms,
and six quotations from the Bible.
2. •!• ii- — "Unto the most victorious Prynce." [Plate 5.]
S. 4* hi-' — Dedication, continued.
4. ^ iiii. — Dedication, concluded. [Plate 8, No. 7.]
Rev. : "A prologe Myles Couerdale Unto the Christen reader."
5. ^ v.— To the reader, continued.
6. — To the reader, continued.
7. — To the reader, concluded.
Reverse: "The bokes of the hole Byble" as far as Malachy.
8. — The List of the books, concluded. — Reverse: "The first boke
of Moses/ called Genesis, what this boke conteyneth. "
There is a title dated 153o, [Plate 1] and one leaf of pre-
liminary, [PI. 6, No. 5] printed in the same type as the Bible.
There is a title, dated 1536, printed in English bl.-let. [PL 3.]
The contents of the chapters are placed before each book,
except that none are given to " Salomons Balettes," " The
Laments' of Jeremy," " The songe of the iij. children," "The
story of Susanna," and "The story of Bel," and that the contents
are placed before each chapter of Hester in the Apocrypha.
The Bible begins, " The first boke of Moses, called Genesis."
[PI. 14, No. 1.] Fol. 1, signature a. Half this page is occupied
with wood-cuts of the six " dayes worke." The first chapter
commences with a capital I fourteen lines deep. [PI. 14, No. 2.]
Deuteronomy ends on the recto, folio 90, p 6. — The reverse :
blank. Then follows a map the size of two leaves — no doubt a
wood-cut — it measures to the outside line, 15-| inches by 11 1.
Above the map is printed " The descripcion of the londe of
promes called Palestina/ Canaan/ or the holy londe." The map is
drawn with the north to the bottom and the south to the top.
COLLATION— CON ( ' L L' D E D.
A title : " The seconde pai-te of the olde Testament,'' witli a
list of books, Joshua to Hester. — On the revei'se of the title,
the contents of Joshua. Joshua begins folio 2, aa ij. Part 2
ends on the reverse of folio 1 20, vv G.
Job begins folio 1, A a. There is no title here as in other
parts where the folios and a signature commence again. Job,
the Psalms, &c., end folio 52, J i i. — Reverse: blank.
A title: "All the Prophetes in Englishe," with a list of
books, Esay to Malachy. — On the reverse: the contents of Esay.
Esay begins folio 2, Aaa ij, and Malachy ends on the reverse of
folio 102, Err. G.
A title: "Apocripha," and list of books, Esdras to Maccabees.
— On the reverse : The translator to the reader and the contents
of Esdras. The 3rd book of Esdras begins folio 2, A ij. The
2nd Maccabees ends on the reverse of folio 83, for 81, O 5.
A title: "The new testament," with a list of books, Matthew
to The Revelation. — On the rev. the contents of Matthew. Mat-
thew begins folio 2, A A ij. The Revelation ends on the rev.
folio 113, TT 5. The Impiint is on this page. [Plate U, No. 4.]
The letter-press of the last four titles is surrounded with
wood-cuts. Scriptural and ornamental.
I have seen vai-iations in six leaves : — folio 67, ith book of
Moses, in some copies the signature is m, in one copy, M. — In
five leaves these misprints: 2nd Esdras, folio 113, in eri'or 112
— Esay, folio 5, in error 2 — Jeremiah, folio 46, in error 45 —
2nd Corinthians, folio 81, in error 71 — Lamentations, foKo 49,
ta repeated. Probably these errors were corrected in the
progress of printing, and not an evidence of another edition, as
has been supposed. See Herbert, p. lo4o.
There are many wood-cuts placed in the text. [See PI. 15.]
A full page contains 57 lines.
'■'({^!^^^^V2)®))t.M.
?;^HEN we consider Coverdale's character
.,_ r3^i in all its different bearine-s, and, above
all, his labours in presenting- to the inhabitants
of this country, and all the nations of the world
who si3eak the English language, the scriptures
in their native tongue; the name of Coverdale
is one which will be always mentioned with vene-
ration and respect.
Bemalns of Mylt.-i Coverdale, Parker Sockfi/, ji. xix.
THE BIBLE BY COVEEDALE.
HE BIBLE FIRST FEINTED in the
English hiuguage is known as the Version
by M3'les Coverdale, because the "Epistle
unto the KjTiges hyghnesse." bears his name at the
conclusion of it, thus, — "youre graces humble sub-
iecte and day lye oratour, Myles Couerdale." [See
Plate 8, No. 7.] The laborious work of translating
and printing the Bible was completed in the reign
of Henry the Eighth. '
There are many circumstances relating to the
production of this interesting book of which we
should like to have been informed: but after much
research the information that has reached us is
exceedingly scanty.
We know wdien the Volume w^as printed. It con-
cludes with the Imprint, which is on the reverse of
B
THE BIBLE, 1535,
the last leaf, tlius, — "Pr^aited in the yeare of onre
LORDE M.D.XXXV. and finished the fourth daye
of October."
As to the Translator, perhaps no more is knoT\Ti
than Coverdale himself has communicated to us.
In the Dedication he says — " Considerynge now
(most gracyous prynce) the inestimable treasure,
frute & prosperite euerlast^^nge, that God geueth
with his worde, and trustjTige in his infynite good-
nes that he woulde brynge my symple and rude
laboure herin to good effecte, therfore as the holy
goost moued other men to do the cost herof, so was
I boldened in God, to laboure in the same."
" I thought it my dutye and to belonge vnto my
allegiaunce, whan I had translated this Bible, not
onely to dedicate this translacyon -vnto youre hy-
ghnesse, but wholy to commytte it vnto the same."
"And as I do with all humblenes submitte mjne
^^lderstondynge and my poore translacyon vnto the
spirite of trueth in your grace, so make I this pro-
testacyon (hauyng God to recorde in my conscience)
that I haue nether wrested nor altered so moch as
one worde for the mayntenaunce of any maner of
secte : but haue with a cleare conscience purely &
faythfully translated this out of fyue sundry inter-
preters, hauyng onely the manyfest trueth of the
BY MYLES COVERDALE.
scripture before myne eyes." In his Prologue to the
reader he says, " Considerynge " ''how weake I am
to perfourme the office of translatoure, I was the
more lothe to medle with this worke." Further on
he says, " (acordyng as I was desyred) I toke the
more vpon me to set forth this speciall translacyon."
In several places he alludes to the work as his o^vti,
thus, — "And this maner haue I vsed in my transla-
cyon, calling it in some place pennaunce, that
in another place I call repentaunce." We have no
information that he was assisted by any scholars of
the day, whilst from the passages quoted it is clear
that Coverdale intended that he should be regarded
as the sole translator.
We do not know when Coverdale began the
work of translating. In the Dedication to King
Edward the Sixth, in the quarto edition, 1550, he
says, "therfore was I boldened in God sixtene yeares
agoo, not only to laboure faythfully in the same,
but also in most humble wyse to dedicate this my
pore translation to your graces moost noble father."
In the Prologue to the same edition, we read,
"(accordinge as I was desyred. Anno, 1.5.34.) I
toke the more vpon me, to set forth this specyall
translacion." These passages do not I think imply
that he began the work of translating in the year
B2
THE BIBLE, 1535,
1534, although it has been argued from this state-
ment that Coverdale translated and printed the
Bible in eleven months. Can it mean more than
that he commenced the printing necessary to the
publication of it? Indeed it would have been im-
possible to have achieved so gigantic a work in the
time mentioned. The Editor of the " Kemains of
Myles Coverdale," pubhshed by the Parker Society,
p. ix., says, "It is probable that Coverdale was
labouring by himself in retirement," "as we lose
sight of him almost entirely after the year 1528
till 1535, when he published, on the fourth of
October, his translation of the whole Bible ; a work,
on which it is probable that he had been employed
for some years, although we have no evidence at
what time he commenced it."
We have not been informed where Coverdale re-
sided whilst he was engaged in the work of translation.
The title and some prehminary matter were printed
in the same type as the Bible and also in the English
black letter, but why these were twice printed, or by
whom, we do not know; nor has any Bibhographer
yet been able to inform us with what title-page this
most interesting book was first issued in this country.
It yet remains a mystery from what Press it was
issued.
BY MYLES COVERDALE.
It is with the intention of clearing up the difficulty
that has been felt relating to the titles, that I com-
mence these Kemarks, feeling sure that any infor-
mation in addition to that already recorded, cannot
be devoid of interest to all conversant with this
branch of bibliogi-aphy, and especially to those who
are possessors of the First Bible in English. I
propose also, to allude to a few questions which
have been raised by some authors who have written
on this subject.
The text is preceded by one gathering of eight
leaves, of which the second, third, fourth, and fifth
only have the signature, as copied, Plate 6. These
eight leaves contain the Title, — the Dedication to
King Henry the Eighth and ''with your dearest and
iust wyfe, and most vertuous Pryncesse, Queue
Anne." — "A prologue. Myles Couerdale Unto the
Christen reader."— "The bokes of the hole Byble,"
— and "The first boke of Moses/ called Genesis
what this boke contejTieth." All copies or parts of
this preliminary matter knowii to exist, with the ex-
ception of two copies of one title and one leaf, which
will be described, are printed in black-letter type
such as was used in England at this time. This is
so far plain, but it has been difficult to decide with
what title the Bible was published. Four copies of
THE BIBLE, lo35,
the title-page have been known, two of which have
the date 1535, and the other two that of 1536. One
of those of 1535 is in the Bible belonging to the
Earl of Leicester, Holkham Hall — the other is in
the Library of the British Museum, but not quite
perfect. These titles read thus, — " Bibha The
Bible/ that is, the holy Scripture of the Okie and
New Testament, faithfully and truly translated out
of Douche and Latyn in to Enghshe. M.D.XXXV."
[See Plate 1.] The letter-press of the title, with
the list of the Books as far as Malachi, on the re-
verse, is from the same t3^pe as that with which the
text is printed. One of the titles of 1536 is in the
Bible belonging to the Earl of Jersey, and the other
is in the Bible in the Library of Gloucester Cathe-
dral. The letter -press of the titles of 1536 is
Enghsh black-letter, and reads thus, — "Bibha The
Byble : that is/ the holy Scrypture of the Olde
and New Testament, faythfully translated in to
Englyshe. M.D.XXXVL" [See Plate 3.] Dibden,
in his "Spenceriana," vol. 1, p. 81, says, "The Earl
of Northampton has a perfect copy:" but he does
not allude to the title.
If the title of 1535, as described, is placed in a
Bible with the Dedication, &c., printed in Enghsh
black-letter, it is obvious that the first part of the
BY MYLES COVERDALE,
List of the Books occurs twice, namely, on the
back of the title and on the reverse of the seventh
leaf; but it cannot be supposed that the Volume
was so issued, with the contents of one page in
duplicate. Anderson, in his ''Annals of The English
Bible," (vol.1, p. 562,) gives ''the Title and Collation"
of the first Bible, and describes the title, j^Plate 1.]
omitting the List of the Books which is on the re-
verse of it; perhaps because he did not know how
to account for such an error as the contents of a
page repeated in the same volume. To avoid this
error of a duplicate List of the Books, the title of
1536, which is blank on the reverse, has been con-
sidered by some writers to be the title with which
the Bible was first issued, and because the letter-press
is from the same type as the preliminary leaves one
of which contains the List of the Books. But by
recei\'ing this title as the one which was issued in
the Bible on its publication, a new difficulty arises.
Why was the publication postponed, from the time
when the printing was finished, October the fom-th,
1535, to 1536, the date on the title in English type;
which, if not issued until after the death of Queen
Anne, was about eight months ?
Lewis, in his History, is the first writer, as far as
I have been able to trace, who has endeavoured to
THE BIBLE, 1535,
explain tins supposed delay of the publication. He
describes Coverdale's Bible with the Dedication to
the King and Queen Jane, and then the Imprint,
the fourth of October, 1535; and adds, "This is a
plain inconsistency with the Title or Preamble of the
Dedication," "wherein, as has been before observed.
Cover dale mentions the King's dearest just wife
JANE, whereas it is certain, that the I^ng was
not married to Her till May, 20, 1536. more than
half a Year after the Date of finishing this Bible.
The only way I can think of to reconcile this Difi'er-
ence, is this; That, after this Bible's being finished
at the Press in October, Coverdale, hearing from his
Friends in England, that Queen Anne was declining
at Court, thought it prudent to defer the Publica-
tion of it till he saw what Turn Affairs would take,
and after the King's marr^dng Queen Jane, who was
thought to favor the Keformation, then made the
fore-mentioned Dedication to the King, or however
altered the Title of it as it stands now, and reprinted
it." (Lewis' History, folio, 1731, p. 25.) This
suggestion has been adopted by subsequent writers
and become current as if it was an established fact.
I may here also notice the opinions of Professor
Walter and Chr. Anderson, who adopt the same
mode of accounting for the supposed delay.
BY MYLES COVERDALE.
Professor Walter in his Letter says, " Coverclale's
Bible, though not pubHshed till 1536, bears the date
of 1535." ''The interval between the date on the
title-page and the actual publication is clearly marked
by a curious alteration in the dedicatory letter to
Henry YIII. which contains these words, " your
dearest just wife, and most vertuous pryncesse Qu.
JAne." Tliis is not as it was printed; for Anne has
been altered into JAne by the pen."* Professor
Walter must have supposed that the alteration was
so made, generally in the edition, as one copy altered
\sdth the pen would not be sufficient ground on
which to argue that the name had been changed by
the direction of Coverdale himself, which is what
appears to be intended by the remark.
Anderson adopts the opinion of Professor Walter,
and at considerable length endeavours to show that
this Bible was not published till 1536. He says,
"The death of Queen Anne in May 1536, having
proved fatal to the appearance of this book till after
the event, various expedients were then tried to
ensure success." The passage already given from
Walter's Letter is then quoted, and Anderson goes
* "A Letter to the Et. Rev. Herbert, Lord Bishop of Peter-
borough," "on the Independence of the Authorized Version of
the Bible. By Henry Walter, B.D. and F.R.8.," &c. London,
1823. Svo., p. 72.
10 THE BIBLE, 1535,
on to say that the British Museum copy has Anne
altered to Jane with the pen, "Lambeth Library
has one copy with Anne, another with Jane. The
Bodleian has Anne. Sion College has Jane, and
in some copies the name of the Queen had been
expunged." "Only one other device remained to be
tried, which was that of a new title, as if it were
a different book; changing the year to the next,
or 1536, and leaving out the words "translated out
of Douch and Latyn." " (Annals, vol. 1, p. 563.)
The late Mr. Botfield held the same opinion.
Describing the Bibles by Coverdale in Lambeth
Library, he says, ' ' The second of these copies, has
the dedication to Queen Jane Seymour, belonging
to the edition 1536," (Cathedral Libraries, p. 193.)
There does not appear to be any authority for the
supposition that this leaf with "Queen Jane" was
printed for the edition of 1536; the evidence is
quite the other way, for neither of the only two
copies with the title of 1536 have the "Jane" leaf,
but they have the Dedication with " Queen Anne."
All these arguments have arisen from an error.
Had those authors examined the " Queen Jane "
leaf of Dedication they would have found that it is
none other than a leaf of Nycolson's Coverdale of
1537, which had been inserted to complete the copy.
BY MYLES COVERDALE. 11
I have fac-siniiles of all the preliminary leaves of
this Bible of 1537; aud, in order to be very sure, I
have compared the first leaf of the Dedication with
the original in the Baptist College, Bristol, and
placed line against line, and most carefully examined
every letter. The fac-simile being correct, in the
same way I compared it ■s\dth the "Jane" leaf in
Sion College, and I can say that the Sion College
leaf is identical with Nj^colson's leaf of 1537. On
the second page of this edition, t is omitted from
traytoure, being printed "trayoure;" [See a copy,
Plate 8, No. 3.J it is the same in the Sion College
leaf: such an eiTor is not likely to have occurred in
two editions. That this '* Jane" leaf is one of Nycol-
son's edition is confirmed by the fact that the four
following leaves in the volume are from Nycolson's
Bible. The second leaf of Nycolson's Dedication
has, in line thirty, "CHRIT" for CHRIST; this
error is in the leaf following the "Jane" leaf in
the Sion College Bible of 1535. I have also ex-
amined all the "Jane" leaves named by Anderson,
and those also are of the edition of 1537. The
head-lines of the Dedication and Prologue in the
Bible of 1535, are in very different tv-jie from
those in Nycolson's Bible, 1537. Compare Plate
6, No. 1, 2, 3, 4, and Plate 8, No. 1, 2, 4, 5.
C2
12 THE BIJBLE, 1535,
The signatures differ — compare those on Phites 6
and 8.
The first Bible has been always designated as a
book of 1535, but if the title of 1536 was that
with which it was issued, it should be placed under
153G — and I believe no bibliogi-apher has ever so
arranged it. And further to show that this Bible
has been generally admitted to be of the year 1535,
copies have been usually completed with a fac-simile
of the title of 1535 like the text, though followed
by the seven leaves printed in the English type, —
thus making the anomaly of the List of the Books
in duplicate.
The difficulties which have been described, at once
vanish when we leam that there is in existence a
title with the date 1535, printed in the English
black-letter. It has, I believe, never been described.
The Marquis of Northampton has a very fine copy
with this title. The volume is perfect, with the
exception of the Map. The title is printed from
wood blocks, no doubt the same as those used for
the other title of 1535, and for that of 1536.
The letter-press is from the English type, and the
year 1535 is plainly printed. It reads — " BibHa
The Byble : that is/ the holy Scry^^ture of the
Okie and New Testament, faythfully translated in to
BY MYLES COVERDALE. 13
Euglyslie. M.D.XXXV." [See Plate 2.; It will
be observed that there is an important difference
between the two titles of 1535; the one now des-
cribed does not contain these words "translated out
of Douche and Latjn" which occur on the other
title. If the preliminary leaves and the title as part
of it in the type of the text, were not issued in this
country with the Bible, — and the evidence seems to
show that they were not, — may we not fairly con-
clude that M3^1es Coverdale did not wish to publish
such a statement on the title as the character of
his version. We know also, that these words were
omitted from the title of 1536, from the editions
by Nycolson, 1537, in folio and quarto, and from
all subsequent editions.
There is a great mistake in the title of the quarto
edition of Coverdale's Bible, 1550, printed by Fros-
chover, with his name and his device of the tree
and frogs, which is preserved in the Library at
Zurich. It reads thus, "truly and purely transslated
into Englische/ by Mayst. Thomas Mathewe." We
cannot suppose that Coverdale himself, or any one
on his behalf, could have originated so great an error
as to call his version by the name given to that by
Tyndale and Rogers of 1537. There is also this
error in the title of the New Testament printed by
U THE BIBLE, 1535,
Froscliover, 1550. It reads — "translated by Miles
Couerdal." whereas it is Tyudale's Version. As we
know these errors have been made, it is quite pos-
sible that the printer of the Bible of 1535 may have
inserted words which the great translator would not
adopt : and the introduction of the words ' ' out of
Douche and Latyn " may have been one reason why
the title with these words was suppressed, whether
placed there by Coverdale himself, or by some one
else. This view is confirmed by his own statement
in the Dedication to the King, where he says he has
' ' with a cleare conscience purely & faythfuUy trans-
lated this out of fyue sundry interpreters, hauying
onely the manyfest trueth of the scripture before
myne eyes."
In the Letter to Lord Cromwell, — dated Paris,
June 23, 1538,— by Coverdale and Grafton, is this
passage, "For we follow not only a standing text
of the Hebrew, with the interpretation of the
Chaldee and the Greek; but we set also in a private
table the diversity of readings of all texts, with
such annotations in another table, as shall doubt-
less elucidate and clear the same." [Eemains, p.
492.] Although this was written when Coverdale
was engaged in revising the "Great Bible" of 1539,
vet we may fairlv conclude he used the books to
BY MYLES COVEKDALE. 15
wliicli he alludes when he was translating the
Bible of 1535.
J. "W. Whittaker, M.A., has gone very fully into
the merits of Coverdale's Version as an original
translation. He shows, by an examination of many
passages, that Coverdale did translate from the
Hebrew, although he used the five interpreters to
help him. He says, if "this statement" (trans-
lated out of Dutch and Latin,) "is taken out of the
title-page, which I can neither deny nor confirm,
not ha^'ing been able to consult a copy in which it
is preserved," " the title-page contains a very great
misrepresentation."''-'
The next passage I shall quote is from Todd's
Life of Bishop Walton, (p. 98.) "At the head of
those in the reign of Henry VIH, who have benefitted
their country by their skill in languages, must ever
stand the names of T}Tidale and Coverdale; men,
who eminently proved themselves by their knowledge
of learning, meet for the people " "in presenting
them with Versions of the Sacred Text from the
original tongues ; men to whom the sound scholar
still appeals with admiration."
* The Interpretation of the Hebrew Scriptxires, &g. J. W,
Whittaker, M.A.. 1819, p. 59.
IG THE BIBLE, 1535,
Anderson (vol. 1, p. 564) reviewing this subject,
considers that "With reference, however, to the
Bible brought into Enghind in 1530, of Coverdale's
quahfications as a Translator from the original, there
can be little or rather no question," and concludes
that the w^ords " translated out of Douche and
Lat}Ti" were withdrawn! by Coverdale himself in
1536.
The author of the Biographical Notice of Myles
Coverdale (The Remains, p. xvii) comes to the same
conclusion. He says it is not consistent with his
object " to enter into an elaborate discussion of the
merits of Coverdale as a translator ; yet it may be
permitted to remark, that although he professes to
have consulted both the Latin and German transla-
tions, his version throughout bears marks of a close
attention to the original."
I am aware that some writers have taken a dif-
ferent view of the question, but my object is not to
prove that Coverdale translated from the Hebrew,
but only to show that it is probable the title-page
in the same ty|3e as the text, was not intended by
Coverdale himself to have been prefixed to any
copies of the Bible of his translation.
The Title, the Dedication, and the other leaves
before the text in the Marquis of Northampton's
BY MYLES COVERDALE. 17
copy are printed from the English type, and are the
same as those in other copies of this Bible. The
fii-st eight leaves are in the same type, and the date
on the title and on the last leaf of the Bible agree.
The reverse of the title is blank, and the first part
of the List of the Books is on the reverse of the
seventh leaf. Lord Compton very courteously in-
formed me that this title was in the Library at Castle
Ashby, and through his Lordship's introduction I
have been allowed to have a copy taken and to
describe the title.
In the Bible of 1535 belonging to the Earl of
Leicester, at Holkham Hall, having the title before
described, is one leaf printed in the same t}^e as
the title and as the volume itself. It is the only
one known to exist printed in this type, and is most
interesting as pro\'ing that some introductory matter
was printed in the same t}^e as the work; it also
affords strong e^ddence that the title wath the List
of Books on the reverse of it, was not intended to
accompany the Dedication, &c., which w^as printed
in the English black-letter. This leaf has on the
recto the conclusion of the Prologue to the reader,
of which there is more on this page than there is on
the corresponding page of the Prologue in English
black-letter. The first line begins "are able to
make satisfaction unto G-od." [See Plate 6, No. 5.]
It reads the same as the other Prologue, except that
"God of his mercy preserue all his," in the English
black-letter Prologue reads, "god of his mercy and
plenteous goodnes preserue all his." and that on
the reverse of this leaf there is " &c." after " Chap,
vi " more than there is in the contents of Genesis
in the other leaf. On the reverse of the Earl of
Leicester's leaf we find " The first boke of Moses,
called Genesis. What this boke conteyneth." Cor-
responding to this, that is on the reverse of the last
page of the Prologue in the usual preliminary
matter, is the page "The bokes of the hole Byble,"
while the last part of the List of the Books and the
contents of Genesis, fill the next or eighth leaf.
It is very satisfactory that this particular leaf has
been preserved, because it shews a different arrange-
ment of the introductory matter: we may conclude
from it that the first part of the List of the Books
which formed part of the preliminary matter in the
same type as the Bible, was printed only on the re-
verse of the title. The List of the Books being
printed on the reverse of the seventh leaf of the
English printed preliminary leaves, proves that it
was intended to follow a Title without a List of
the Books on the reverse. Through the courtesy of
BY MYLES COVERDALE. 19
the Earl of Leicester I was permitted to examine the
leaf -wliicli I have described, and to have a tracing
taken of it. As to tlie leaves wliicli followed the
title in the Earl of Leicester's Bible we know not
why they were disused. We know only what the
one leaf now remaining shows us; as it does not
contain the beginning of the Prologue to the Keader
there must have been more than one leaf of prehm-
inary, but how many we do not know. Although the
title and the preliminary leaves in the type of tbe
text, may have been set aside for the reasons
suggested, there may have been other motives for
the course which was adopted, of wliich we are
ignorant. If the lost leaves should be discovered
it will be seen wherein they differ from those that
were probably printed by Nycolson. Let the facts
wliich are brought forward have their due weight,
be the conclusions from them what they may.
By a happy coincidence I am able to describe at
the same time, the title belonging to the Marquis
of Northampton, and the leaf in the Earl of Leices-
ter's copy of the Bible, as the evidence afforded
by each clearly points to the same conclusion.
As all copies, except the Earl of Leicester's,
which have any original leaves before the text, have
those which are supposed to have been printed in
20 THE BIBLE, 1535,
England, it now appears certain that such as are
completed with a fac-simile title should have one the
same as that in the Bible belonging to the Marquis
of Northampton, if it is intended that the copy
should represent the Bible as it was first sent out by
Myles Coverdale. It also follows that all copies
which have fac-similes of the title the same as the
text inserted, are incorrect, and do not represent any
edition of the Bible.
The Enghsh black-letter titles of 1535 and 1536
differ from the other title by two lines. Those
in the woodcuts below A and B, Plate 1, are not
found in either of the other titles, nor in that by
Nycolson, 1537. [See Plates 2, 3, and 4.] The tyi3e
of the usual preliminary matter and that of the
Northampton title and the two of 1536 appear to be
the same as that used for the introductory matter of
the folio edition of 1537; some of the pages of
which read with it line for line. Can there be any
doubt, therefore, that James Nycolson, of Southwark.
printed these two titles and the following leaves ?
Compare fac-similes on Plates 5 and 6 with those
on Plates 7 and 8.
The error which Lewis, Professor Walter, and
others have made in supposing that the first leaf of
the Dedication was reprinted for the editions of
BY MYLES COVERDALE. 21
1535 or 1536, shows how neccessaiy it is for bibho-
gi'aphers to know that the copy of the work ou
which they ^Tite is a correct example of the edition.
This is particnhirly important when describing early
editions of the Bible, which are often fomid made up
of two or more editions. When we remember the
persecution the Sacred Volume had to endure, as
well as the injury to which it was subjected from
frequent use, it may easily be conceived that many
copies became imperfect, and needed repair at no
very distant period from the time of publication:
and, therefore, that missing leaves were occasionally
supplied from any edition which would answer the
purpose. Many Bibles and New Testaments were
no doubt so made up at an early period, whilst
others were first issued composed of two or more
editions which would read together. Thus, portions
of the three editions of Tyndale's New Testament
in quarto, 1536, are sometimes found in the same
volume. So, hkewise, the two editions of the New
Testament in quarto, printed by Nycolson, 1538.
The Great Bible, 1539, and the six editions of
Cranmer's Version, and also the Large Fohos of
the Authorised Version, are much mixed, which is
proved in a work lately pubhshed.* I have seen
• "A DESCEIPTIOX OF THE GREAT BiBLE, 1539, .O^D THE
22 THE BIBLE, 1535,
the last leaf of Cranmer's Version, by Whitchurch,
1553, in the edition of 1549, with which that leaf
will read; and in a co-pj of Matthew's Version,
1537, the List of the Books of the edition by
SIX EDiTioN^s OF Cranmer's Bible, 1540 and 1541, printed by
Grafton and Wiiitchtjrch : also of the editions, in large
FOLIO, OF the Authorized Version of the Holy Scribtures
PRINTED IN THE YEARS IGll, 1613, 1617, 1634, 1640. By FllANCIS
Fry, F.S.A. Illustrated wdtli Titles and with passages from the
editions, the Genealogies, and the Maps copied in fac-simile; also
with an identification of every leaf of the first seven, and of many
leaves of the other editions; on 51 Plates. Together with an
original leaf of each of the editions described. Dedicated by
permission to the Earl of Ashburnhani." London: Willis &
Sotheran, Strand. Bristol: Lasbury.
"I have with great labour compared every leaf of 113 copies
of the Bibles of 1539, 1540, and 1541. Of these I found 31 to
be correct so far as they were perfect. I also examined 33
which I was not able to compare all through, and of these 32
were mixed. Thus, of 146 compared and examined, 114 proved to
be copies of mixed editions, and 31 only proved to be correct.
' ' The only plan that suggested itself, by which I could obtain
conclusive evidence on the differences existing in the First Edition
of the Authorised Version, was to compare the same leaf in many
copies at the same time. I have in this way comjiared 100 copies
of the 4 editions of the Large Folios, and examined 10 more.
Of these 70 were of the edition of 1611: 40 consisted of both
the Issues, 23 were the 1st Issue correct, 7 were the 2nd Issue
and Reprints; whilst 18 copies contained portions of subsequent
editions in the preliminary leaves or text." Of 30 copies of 1617,
1634, and 1640, 21 copies consisted of different editions mixed,
pp. 21, 22 23. Nearly all the copies both of the 1539 and the
Cranmer's and the Authorized Version wore impei'fect.
BY MYLES COVERDALE. 23
Whitchurch, 1553, — both inserted apparently very
long since. This mixing of editions is of common
occm*rence ; I could name many more instances.
From the facts brought for\yard it is certain that
there was some introductory matter as well as the
title printed in the same type as the text, and probable
that the first part of the List of the Books occm's
only on the reverse of the title ; that the Bible was
issued in England in 1535 with a title bearing that
date printed in the English black-letter, and blank on
the reverse, the introductory matter being in the
same type with a List of the Books on the seventh
leaf. It has also been shoi\Ti that the leaf of the
Dedication with "Queen Jane" is that of the edition
by Nycolson, 1537, and that all the known copies of
the Dedication to Henry YIIL, which are of the
edition of 1535, and those in the copies of 1536
read, "Queen xinne," therefore we may consider that
there is not the least ground for supposing as Lewis,
Professor Walter, and Anderson have done, that
the publication of the First Bible in Enghsh was
retarded imtil the year 153C, in order that the first
leaf of the Dedication to the King might be re-
printed with the name of Queen Jane.
If these views are coiTect the copy of the Sacred
Scrii)tures. in the Libraiw at Castle Ashbv is of the
24 THE BIBLE, 1.53o,
highest mterest, since it must he regarded as the only
example that is known to us of the First Bihle in
the English Language, surviving (except the map)
exactly in the state in which it was issued in
this country, and in the same year in which the
printing of the text was finished.
I have thus endeavoured as clearly as possible to
explain the facts which have come to my knowledge,
and if I have been able to clear up the doubts which
have hitherto existed relating to the titles and the
year of the publication of the Bible translated by
Myles Coverdale, I shall be amply rewarded for the
time I have spent in the interesting investigation.
I take this opportunity to give a short notice of
the Water-marks in the paper of the Bible 1535,
having examined every leaf of 11 Copies for the
purpose. I find a Crown, a Bull's Head, a Bull's
Head and Serpent, and seven other marks which
are figured in Plates 9, 10, 11, 12, No. 1 to 10.
As only one leaf with the mark No. 2, has occured
in these copies, it is not improbable that there may
be other water-marks in copies which I have not
examined.
The knowledge of these water-marks may be of
little value, but as facts are sometimes useful, it
is well to record them, and they may possibly assist
BY
MYLES COYERDALE. 25
in clecidiiig who
was the printer. As there are in
the 11 copies, oi
one of No. 2,
ily thirty-seven examples of No. 1,
and four of No. 3, the Bibles in
which most of them occm^ may be cited. j
Sion College ....
... The Crown No. 1, in the New
Testament title, and in the
following leaf.
The Bull's Head and Serpent,
No. 3, in the last leaf of
Deuteronomy, folio 90.
British Museum
.... Grenvelle Copy, no example
of either No. 1, 2, or 3.
British Museum
.... Second Copy, the Bull's Head
and Serpent, in foho 85,
Deuteronomy, and the
Cromi on the title to the
"seconde parte."
Bodleian Library
.... The Crown in the title to
the "seconde parte."
Francis Fry's....
.... The Bull's Head and Serpent,
in the last leaf of Deuter-
onomy, foho 90.
Baptist College,
Bristol
.... The Crown in seventeen leaves.
One Copy
.... The Bull's Head and Serpent,
E
foho 85, Deuteronomy.
2G THE BIBLE, 1535,
Glos'ter Cathedral.... The Crown m five leaves.
One Copy The Crown m the New Testa-
ment title.
One Copy The Bull's Head, No. 2, in
folio 14, Esay; the only one
of this mark I have seen.
One Copy The CroTvn in the New Testa-
ment title, and in eight
other leaves.
No. 7 differs in shape considerahly from the other
water-marks; the nnmher in each of the 11 copies
varies from 20 to 50. There are many of the other
six shapes in all the Bibles, but they cannot always
be distinguished. Nos. 4, 5, 6, are much alike;
the number of these in each copy varies from 80 to
170. Nos. 8, 9, 10, are somewhat alike, and the
number of these varies in the same way from about
24 to 102. The water-mark No. 5 in Coverdale's
Bible is very nearly of the same form as the large
one in Tyndale's First New Testament and that in
Schoeffer's Bible in German, 1529. These are figured
in my Introduction to " The First New Testament
in Enghsh, (1525 or 26,) Reproduced in fac-simile
1862," page 25: and are more like No. 5, than
Nos. 4, 6, and 8 in Coverdale, are to No. 5, though
in design the same.
BY MYLES COVERDALE, 27
I liaA'e said that it yet remains a mystery where,
and hy whom, this Bible was printed. It has been
taken for granted by many if not by all writers on
this subject, that the volume was printed on the
Continent, probably judging from the type, and from
the fact that the preliminary matter was printed
with such type as was commonly used in England.
But I belieye even this much is not known. Lewis,
in his History, folio edition, p. 23, says " The late
Humphrey Wanly thought by the T}^es, that it
was printed at Zurich, in the Printing-House of
Christoioher Froschover." And this ojjinion appears
to have been followed by most bibliographers to the
present day. Including Wanly and Lewis, I have a
list of fourteen writers who say that it is probable
that this Bible was printed either in Zurich, Frank-
fort, Cologne, or Paris. The list includes Dibdin,
Pearson Editor of "Remains of Coverdale," Ander-
son, and Lo"UTides.
Botfield, before quoted, says it is " supposed to
have been printed in the house of Christopher Fros-
chover, at Zurich; but more prol)ably by Christian
Egenolph, at Frankfort." * We are not f\ivored
with the gi'ounds on which it was " more probably"
* "Miscellanies of the Philobiblion Society, vol. 2, article 3,
London, 1855," p. .3.
E2
28 THE JUIJLK, 1,>35,
printed at Frankfort, which place is not again alluded
to, but (p. 25) the writer quotes Wanly's opinion
that the volume was printed at Zurich, and devotes
several pages to the praise of Froschover and his
printing.
These opinions, however, are only suppositions on
a subject where evidence should be adduced. How is
it that not one of the fourteen writers alluded to,
has cited a work or even a line printed by Fros-
chover, with type like any in Coverdale's Bible.
It occurred to me that as Froschover printed
many works from 1522 to 1586 (see Mattaire) that
if he had printed the Bible in English in 1535, he
probably used the same type in other works. With
the view to obtain evidence on the subject, I have
examined 53 works printed by him, 41 of these
in the British Museum Library, and 12 of my
own, both before and after the year 1535. Many
of the books are chiefly in Koman type. I find
some type used in the following books the same
as the two larger sizes of letters that are used in
Coverdale's Bible. In the title pages of the Bible
in German, 5 vols., 1527 — 9 ; in the Title of the
Latin and Swiss New Testament, 1535, 4to., and in
the New Testament in Enghsh, 1550, all printed
by Froschover, Zurich. This is all the type I
BY MYLES COVERDALE. 29
have found of this printer, like that in Coverdale's
Bible.
The two sizes of type alluded to are seen in the
second and third lines in the title " The Bible that,
is the holy Scripture of the " [see Plate No. 1] and
in the first and second lines of the first folio of Gen-
esis, [see Plate 14, No. 1] also in the second and
third titles, and at the beginning of the several
books in Coverdale's Bible.
I have examined the -works printed by Froschover
for the water-marks ; some of them have none in
them, in the others are several varieties, but none of
them are in the least like those in Coverdale's Bible.
The most important rival to Froschover for the
honor of having been the printer of the First Bible
in English is Christian Egenolph. His claim is
chiefly derived, I presume, from the fact that he
printed Illustrations of Scripture subjects with the
monogram of Hans Sebald Beham, of Nuremberg,
some of which are the same size and design as those
in Coverdale's Bible. This has no doubt led to the
cm'rent opinion that the wood-cuts in the Bible are
by Beham, and that as Egenolph printed these
illustrations therefore he printed the Bible.
Dibdin in the Decameron (vol. i. p. 169) describ-
ing the woodcuts in this Bible, says, "They are the
30 THE BIBLE, 1535,
spirited productions of my favorite Ilans Sebald
Beham, and have his monogram or mark expressly
introduced. Probably they first appeared in a thin
quarto volume, published in the German language,
at Frankfort, without date." "Biblicse Historae," kc.
''Egenolphus excudebat." As there is no monogram
in the wood-cuts in the Bible of 1535, I conclude
that Beham' s mark alluded to, must be that on the
title-page of the work printed by Egenolph.
We find the opinions given by Dibdin followed by
other writers. In "Memorials of Myles Coverdale,
1838," London, 8vo, the author says, (p. 24,) "It is
generally supposed, from a resemblance of the type
to that used in the printing-house of" " Froschover
at Zurich, to have been printed there." But in a
"Note," page 185 is as follows, "An eminent living
bookseller, however, is of opinion that this Bible
was printed at Franckfort, most probably by Christian
Egenolph. This opinion he founds upon the fact,
that the identical wood-cuts, which are to be seen in
Coverdale's Bible, occur amongst others in two books
he has of that printer. The first of these work bears
the date of 1533, the other of 1539; the one being
thus two years before the date of Coverdale's trans-
lation, the other just four years after. Thence
follows the presumption, that if these same wood-
BY MYLES COVERDALE. 31
cuts were used at Franckfort, in 1533, and again in
1539, that tkey were also there in the intermediate
years. And this view, namely, that Coverdale's
Bible was printed at Franckfort, is strengthened by
the resemblance that exists between the t}^e used in
the first of these books, and that in Coverdale's
Bible. Through the kindness of the gentleman
above alluded to, the titles of these works are here
given verbatim. The first is: "Biblisch historien,
Figurlich furgebildet, Durch den wolberumpten Se-
bald Behem von Nuremberg." The artist's device
P5"[-^ This in a wood-cut border. Beneath " Zu
Franckfm't, am Meyn, Bei Christian Egenolph."
At the end, the date ''MDXXXILJ." The other
is: " Biblicse historiae, magno artificio depictse, &
utilitatis publicae causa latinis Epigrammatibus a
Georgio ^Emilio illustratse." The same artist's de-
vice. In the same wood-cut border. Beneath, "Cum
Caes. Maiestatis priuilegio, Francoforti Cbristianus
Egenolphus excudebat." At the end, the date,
''MDXXXIX." He has also another book of the
same printer, in wiiich some of the wood-cuts used
in Coverdale's Bible, occur, of the date 1551.
It is entitled, "Biblia veteris Testamenti," &c.
Whether or not the foregoing proofs are sufficient
to set at rest the question of where Coverdale's
32 THE BIBLE, loS:"!,
Bible was printed, it must be left to the reader to
decide."
The three works named in this note are in the
British Museum, but one of them is of a different
year. I have examined all the wood-cuts in these
books which correspond to those in Coverdale's
Bible, and I can confidently state that there is not
one the same. Mr. Reid the Keeper of the Prints
and Drawings in the British Museum examined them
with me. He allows me to give his opinion, fully
supporting this statement, and to say that the differ-
ence between the wood-cuts in the books bearing
Beham's monogram and the EngHsh Bible is so
decided that it can be seen at a glance. Brulhot
says, Hans Sebald Beham was an excellent engraver
— the execution of the wood-cuts bearing his name
shows the hand of a master, and are very superior to
those in the Bible by Coverdale, which look Hke
close copies. Egenolph printed some editions of the
Bible in German, wdth illustrations. The type used
in them is supposed also to prove that Egenolph
printed the Bible of 1535. I have part of one of these
Bibles without date. The wood-cuts in this Bible
are the same as those in the books bearing Beham's
monogram. If the wood-cuts used by Egenolph
had been the same as Coverdale's it would not
BY MYLES COVERDALE. 33
have been correct that they were in Frankfort
from the year 1533 to 1539, because they were used
by Nycolson, in Southwark, in 1537. The same
type as the two larger sizes of type in Coverclale's
Bible appears to have been used in the Bible by
Egenolph, but not the type of the pages — though it
is veiy much alike and might be taken to be the
same. But if the type of two pages under compari-
son be not spaced out between the lines, it follows
of com-se, that if the type is the same, the lines will
range, because the body of the t^^^e is the same.
But the lines are not spaced out and they do not
range. Fifty three lines of Coverdale's Bible occupy
the same space as fifty-four lines of Egenolph's Bible.
Therefore the type cannot be the same, because the
body of the tj^^e is a difi'erent size.
The following books, in addition to those by Fros-
chover, deserv^e notice as containing types or
wood-cuts the same as are in the Bible of 1535; the
letters appear to be identical; but it must be ob-
seiTed, that as we cannot decide on the body of the
type in single lines, there can be little doubt that
if they are not identical they were struck from the
same punches.
"EXOMOLOGESIS SIVE MODUS CoNFITENDI," &C.,
8vo, printed by Froben, Balse, 1524.
F
34 THE BIBLE, 1535,
111 this book is the same P as occurs First Epistle
of Peter, folio 1)5. It is drawn, Plate 13, No. 6.
When Froben used this capital it was in a good
state, but it appears to have been much worn before
it was used for the Bible, 1535.
"COMMENTARIORUM IN APOCALYPIUM loHANNIS,"
1526, printed by Frans Birckman.
"Cantica Canticorum," 1532, —
"De Divinis officiis," 1532, both printed by
Arnold Birckman, Cologne, folio.
The last three works are by " Ruperti Abbatis," in
them are A, F, I, P, T, the eight-line capitals, and
A, four-line capital, the same as we find in Cover-
dale's Bible. These are drawn, Plate 13, Nos. 1, 2,
3, 4, 5, 7.
"The Seconde Parte" of "Wm. Turner's Herb-
all," printed by Arnold Birckman, Cologne, 1562,
folio. In printing this book some type was used
the same as the large type of the Bible, 1535.
The Bible by Coverdale, Nycolson, fol., 1537.
It appears probable, as has been shown, that
Nycolson printed the titles 1535 and 1536 ; and it
is an important fact that he has used in his edition
all the wood-cuts and side ornaments of all the titles,
and all the same wood-cuts (except two) which are
placed in the text, including those of the six "dayes
BY MYLES COYERDALE. 35
worke " on the lirst page of Greuesis, and tlie wood-
cut of the tabernacle, and that of Aaron, which are
in the Bible of 1535 : they are undoubtedly the same
wood-cuts. The word ''LORDE" in roman appears
to be from the same type in both Bibles. There
is only one wood-cut, that of Jonah, in the folio
Bible of 1537, which is not found in that of 1535.
I have TWO New Testaments op Coverdale's
Version, small 8vo.
Different editions, but much alike, without name
or date, imperfect; the wood-cuts in these are the
same as those in the Bible of 1535. These New
Testaments were printed, I have no doubt, by Nycol-
son, because the capitals, and the t}^3e, and the space
occupied by the words are the same as the Quarto
Bible, by Nycolson. 1537, and the lines range
with it.
The Bible, 1537, quarto, by Nycolson.
There are in this the, same wood-cuts of Aaron
and the tabernacle as are in the Bible, 1535.
The Bible in German, printed by Peter Schcef-
fer, Worms, folio 1529.
In the Bible, 1535, Esa}', folio 2, is this line
"This is the prophecy of;" [see PL 14, No. 31 no
other example of the type of this line appears in the
volume, but it is often used in Schoeffer's Bible, and
F2
'M THE BIBLE, 153o,
ill the tirst New Testament iii English, by W. Tyndale,
which was no doubt also printed by Peter Schceffer.
Type like that of this line was used by other printers.
The German Bible, by Dietenberger, printed
by Peter Jordan, Mayence, folio, 1534.
The large type is found in this book.
*' The Byble in Englyshe," printed by Petyt
and Redman, for Thomas Berthelet, 1540, has the
first and the New^ Testament titles printed from the
same blocks as Coverdale's Bible.
The Bible printed by Daye and Seres, 1549.
In the titles and in the text are 49 impressions
from the identical wood-cuts used for the Bible, 1535.
I examined stroke with stroke, and counted the lines
in a piece of shading, when comparing impressions
of wood-cuts.
In the Bible printed by Raynalde and Hyll,
1549, and in the edition by Nicolas Hyll, 1551,
the first and the New Testament titles are from
the same blocks as those in the Bible by Coverdale,
when used by Nycolson.
I have examined the work entitled "Catechismus
Excelsiae Lere unde Handelinge des hilligen Chris-
tendoms," &c. "Datum Wulflenbuttel am Sontage
Trinitatis Anno 1550." The two larger types of
Coverdale's Bible are used in it. The type of the
BY MYLES COVERDALE.
pages is very much like that of Coverdale, but it is
not the same, the hues do not range. The printer
of this book, so far as I am aware, is not kno^Yn.
The Dutch Bible, printed by Liesyelt, Ant-
werp, 1542.
The capitals used at the beginning of the chapters
in the Bible, 1535, are the same as those used in
some parts of this Bible.
Richard Jugge used the same wood-cuts of the
four Evano-elists in The New Testaments of 1552
and 1553, and the large map in the Bishop's
Bible, 1574, as were used in the Bible, 1535.
The large type used in the Bible by Coverdale
is found in the folio Bible in German, printed by
Hans Lufft, AYittemberg, 1556.
It would be gratifying to find a work by a known
printer, the pages of which are the same as the
pages of the First Bible in English, and having the
same capitals and wood-<;uts. We should like such
proof as I have given* that Peter Schoeffer, of
Worms, printed the first New Testament in English.
In works by Peter Schoeffer are found all the types,
* See fac-similes iu the Introductiuu to " The First New
Testament printed in the English language (Worms 1525 or 1526,)
translated from the Greek by William TjTidale, Reproduced in fac-
simile, A\'ith an Introduction by Francis Fry, F.S.A., Bristol,
printed for the Editor— 18G2."
38 THE BIBLE, 1535, BY COVEKDALE.
the lines ranging, the wood-cut of St. Paul, the size
of the page, the numerals, and a water-mark the
same as in the New Testament.
A more extensive search than has yet been made
among the works which have issued from the Press
of Germany may bring to light similar evidence, but
I think the investigation here recorded shows that
no reliance can be placed on any of the opinions
hitherto advanced; and that we must obtain more
information before we can arrive at a satisfactory
conclusion.
Probably a fac-simile of a whole page of Cover-
dale's Bible has never been published; I have,
therefore, given the commencement of the Gospel of
Mark. [Plate 15.] The fourteen-line capital which
commences Genesis is drawn. [Plate 14, No. 2.1
FINIS.
THE CHRONIULE BY ClUilSTlAN EUENULi'H, 1533.
Since the foregoing was printed I have obtained a
copy of the work entitled
" CHRONiCAy Beschreibung vnd gemeyne anzeyge/
Bonn aller Wellt herkommen/ furnamen lannden/
Stande/ Engeuschafften/ Historien/ wesen/ manier/
sitten/ an \Tid ahgang." &c. " Getruckt zu Franck-
enfort/ am Meyu/ Bei Christian Egenolffen," At the
foot of the hist page we have the date " m. d. xxxv.
In Aiigustmon."
It is a small folio in sixes, with numerous wood-
cuts, about forty-three of which, some being repeated,
are Scripture subjects such as we find in the Bible
by Coverdale. A full page is generally lifty-two
lines. This work being a small folio, dated only
two months before the Bible in English 1535, we
might expect the type of the pages and the wood-
cuts to be the same as the Bible, if Egenolph had
printed the Bible. On careful examination I find
that the type of the Chronicle and Egenolph's Bible
in German, before alluded to, range line for line,
and that both the type and wood- cuts appear identi-
cal, therefore the type of the pages and the wood-
cuts of the Chronicle are not the same as occur in
the Bible by Coverdale. Some of the larger type
in the Chronicle appear to be the same as those in
Egenolph's Bible and in Coverdale's Bible.
JOHN BELLOWS, STEAM PRESS, GLOUCESTER.
'^^"
^Othct
"' Toii-e,.
Flatel.
THE CENTRE OF THE TITLE 1535.
Printed mth the sam^Ti/pe as the Bible.
BIBLIA
x%i\:f^ t)olp Scn'pcure of c|)e
fullt artb trul^ trartflateb out
mto^^rtgIiH?e,
M. D-XXXV.
B,pituLn.€e(T4.ni.
prate fo: t)0,t|)at t^cwozbe of(B>ob mate
^atie fre pa(r«ge,ant> be glortfiet>.tct.
B.paul CoL m*
Jiet t|)e wo:^e ofC^:t(lbn?eUm ^Ot* plcrt
tecuflytttall^j^^ticme rcf.
^ofuc L
JLct not t^e bofe of t^ia fatre ^eparte
Otttoft|)7mcutl?>but ejcerc^fe t^^felfe
tbertrt b<iv^ Ci,v:^ rtigt)te tct
i^
(^/2^ the rererse of thi-s' title is
''The bokes of the H^hoLeBi/ble;'
Plate 2,
THE CENTRE OF THE TITLE 1535.
Print rd in Eng^lish Mla^k I e iter:
?^BIBLIA<^
C{)t^pfale:tl)at
(0/tl)e tjolp ^crppture of tt)e
iDlDc anti iSeto (Ceflament,
fapttjfulljj tranflatcti m
to Cnglpftie*
^♦laauUlKCeOaLIlL
p?ape fo? t)s,ti)attbetx)0?tje of (Boti
mapebauefrepaflage ^teglo^ifiet)^
^♦jaauLColloir.IIL
let tbetDo?tieof CfeifteDtoellinpou
plenteounp m all tDpfDome.^c*
31ofueJ»
Xet not tlje J5 oHe of ttjis latoe tiepartc
out of ttip moutb,tut ejcercpfe tbp felfe
t^ermDapeanDnpg^te,^t^oumapen:
kepeanD bo euerpttjpngeacco^tipnge
to itttjat 10 to?ptten ttjerin*
PlateS.
THE CENTRE OF THE TITLE 1536.
Printed inUn^lish jBla^ck letter.
m
ig/tfte Dolp ^crpptuce of tlje
^Ibe antj ijjeto (CeClament,
fapt^fullptranClateli m
to CnglpQje.
M-D. XXXVI.
^.j^auULCefialllL
la^ape 6)? t)0,tljattt)0too^tie of (I5dt>
mape Jiaue fre paffage $ be glorified*
^♦pauLCoiioCirr.
Aet tt)e too^be of <Vs^i\^t D tocll in pou
plenteoitfl? in all trrpfboma^.
3|Qfue.L
)letnot(;i)e;©oHe of tlji^j latoencpatte
out of t^pmoutl),tiut e^eccpfe tlipfelfe
ttjerititiapg anD riFglJte,^ t^ou mai?eft
kepeanD Do euerp tEjpnge acco^Dpnge
to.itttiat 10 toitptten tbecm.
Flcit;e4r,
THE CENTRE OFTHE TITLE
NYCOLSON 1537.
^ BIBLI A f*s.
10 tbe ^olp ^crppture of the
^IDeartDBelD freGament,fapth^
tulip tmnOateH in €nslpft,anD
netolp ouerfene ftcoi^recteD*
M.D.XXXVIL
Sj^auMi.ceoiajrL
^.^aulJLCoHoCIIL
jfofueJ.
lUjt not tljc 6oke of t»ns latoe Departs out oftfip
moutli , but (^^rc^Cc rtjp Cel& ttjerin ^apeanD npglrt,
tljat thou raapeft Iwpe anh Da euerp ih^gg acco;Dpng
to it I$ati8to?ptten t^m.
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THE BIBLE, 1535.
WATER MARKS.
Pla.le9.
N?3.
W I.
NO 2.
^AJ
THE BIBLE, 1535.
WATER MARKS.
I'/atelO.
N9 5.
THE BIBLE, 1535. ^^^I^-
WATER MARKS.
Platem
THE BIBLE, 1535.
WATER MARKS.
N9 9.
N9I0.
Platel5.
SOME OF THE CAPITALS USED IN
THE BIBLE IN FOUO 1535.
N?!.
GeTte^is. Folio J.
t fiicft Mi of
fee, cai(e6 ^enefte.
^t>ejir(l (Chapter*
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wa6 h0^t . Unb (B^ob |^t»e titje Iig^ t^at it
t»a3 goob.^^en(0ob beuybcb ^ Iig^t from
N ? 3 . Fsazff Folio ^.
21
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£fa^4.C
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Tr/yc^rlnt, Za^tPa^e.
PiV"^ebmtl;cyeateofoMreLORDE iTT. J>. XXXVi
anb fvnifi;eb t^efourt^ tayc of October*
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THE FIRST NEW TESTAMENT
PRINTED IX THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE,
(Worms, 1525 or 152G,)
TEANSLATED BY WILLIAM TYNDALE;
REPRODUCED IN FACSIMILE,
WITH AX IXTRODUCTION
BY FEANCIS FEY, F. S. A.
BRISTOL: PRINTED FOR THE EDITOR— 1862.
William TjTidale lla^^ng completed liis translation of the
New Testament from tlie Greek, went to Cologne, intending
there to print it. Not being successful he removed to Worms,
ERRATA.
Page 6, line 20, for Dibden read Dibdin.
" ^"^ " 7 ,, Loi'd Compfon, read Lord A,
Coinpton.
- 2o ,, 11 ., Greiivelle, read Grenville.
„ 27 note ,. P/aVobib/ioji, read F/nVobib/on.
,,30 ,, 22 ,, Zijor^, read ivorks.
1 have devoted so mncli time to tnis carerui exammatiou, m-
order that the accuracy of the work may be relied on.
The paper, on which this New Testament is printed has been
expressly manufactured to imitate the colour and appearance of
the original. It is hand-made, the fine and cross wii-es being
placed in the paper maker's mould so as to produce the same
Avii-e marks as appear in the paper used by Scho?ffer. The large
paj)er copies are printed on the same paper, only thicker.
The whole impression consists of 177 copies, of which 26 are
in quarto. To produce these, the entire text has been transferred
from the 88 stones used in printing the octavo size, to 176 stones
Fold
Out
THE FIRST NEW TESTAMENT
PRINTED IX THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE,
(Worms, 1525 or lo2G,)
TRANSLATED BY WILLIAM TYNDALE;
REPRODUCED IN FAC-SIMILE,
WITH AN" INTRODUCTIOX
BY ERANCIS ERY, E. S. A.
BRISTOL: PRINTED FOR THE EDITOR— 1862.
William TjTidale ha^dng completed liis translation of the
New Testament from the Greek, went to Cologne, intending
tliere to print it. Not being successful he removed to Woi-ms,
ERRATA.
Page 6, Hue 20, for I)idde7i read Dibdin.
" 1'^ '» 7 ., Lord Coiupton, read Loi^d A.
Conipton.
• < 25 ,, 11 .. Grenvelle, read Greiiville.
„ 27 note ,. PJiilobiblion, read Philobiblon.
,,30 ,, 22 ,, luork, read woT-ks.
1 have devoted so miicli time to tms carenii exammaxiou, m
order that the accuracy of the work may be relied on.
The paper, on which this New Testament is printed has been
expressly manufactured to imitate the colour and appearance of
the original. It is hand-made, the fine and cross wii-es being
placed in the paper maker's mould so as to produce the same
wii-e marks as appear in the paper used by Schofffer. The large
pajK'r copies are printed on the same paper, only thicker.
The whole impression consists of 177 copies, of which 26 are
in quarto. To produce these, the entire text has been transferred
fi-om the 88 stones used in printing the octavo size, to 176 stones
THE FIRST NEW TESTAMENT
PRINTED IX THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE,
(WouMS, 1525 or 1526,)
TRANSLATED BY WILLIAM TYNDALE;
REPRODUCED IN FACSIMILE,
WITH AN INTRODUCTION
BY FRANCIS FRY, F. S. A.
BRISTOL: PRINTED FOR THE EDITOR— 1862.
William Tjmdale having completed liis translation of the
New Testament from the Greek, went to Cologne, intending
there to print it. Not being successful he removed to Worms,
where there is no doubt he accomplished the work, and gave to
his countrymen the New Testament, wliich was the first printed
in the English language.
This is a reproduction of the only known copy of the first
edition of Tyndale's New Testament, perhaps the most interesting
book in our language. It contains 692 pages of close small
type ; is a faithful representation of the original ; and will be
valued not only as a Version, but as shewing the state of the
English language, the style of the printing, the orthography,
(which is very irregular,) the punctuation, the divisions of the
words at the ends of lines, (even to a letter,) and the contractions
used. It has been made by tracing on transfer paper, placing
this on lithographic-stones, and then printing it in the usual
way: a method evidently calculated to ensure the closest possible
correspondence with the original.
To prove the correctness of the work, I have compared a proof
of every page, folding it so as to place each line parallel with,
and close to, the same line in the original ; so that, by comparing
the line all along, I could easily see that it was correct. In this
loaij I have examined every line throughout the volume, and I
believe that not a single incorrect letter will be found in it.
I have devoted so much time to this careful examination, in
order that the accuracy of the work may be relied on.
The paper, on which this New Testament is printed has been
expressly manufactured to imitate the colour and appearance of
the original. It is hand-made, the fine and cross wires being
placed in the paper maker's mould so as to produce the same
wire marks as appear in the paper used by Schteffer. The large
pajjcr copies are printed on the same paper, only thicker.
The whole imjjression consists of 177 copies, of which 26 are
in (piai-to. To produce these, the entire text has been transferred
from the 88 stones used in printing the octavo size, to 176 stones
rt'ijuired for the quai'to size, so as to obtain the wider insi(h3 ami
top margins. The work has been eflaced from tiie stones.
The Introduction contains a brief notice of the early life of
Tyndale, and of his printing the New Testament at Worms ;
and the evidence that I have collected to prove that Peter
Schfefter was the pi'inter; to which are added 7 pages of fac-similes
from books printed by him, and the water marks in the Testament,
and Scluefler's Bible ; a description and history of the only
known copy, which is in the Baptist College, Bristol, with a
l)age, the beginning of the first epistle of St. Peter, with the
wood-cut of the Apostle, illuminated and ruled with red lines,
like the original. Also a list of the works printed by Peter
Schoefter, of Worms.
In the original, the wood-cuts, capitals, (fee, 2G0G in number,
are illuminated; copies so illuminated, also on large paper, on
old paper and on vellum, may be obtained on special application.
Octavo, Cloth, £8.
A DESCEIPTION OF THE GREAT BIBLE, 1539.
AND THE SIX EDITIONS OF
CRANMER'S BIBLE, 1540 AND 1541:
Also of the editions, in large folio, of the Authorized
Version of the Holy Scriptures printed in the years
1611, 1613, 1617, 1634, 1640.
BY FEANCIS fey, F.S.A.
[The full Title is given page 22]
ri^HIS work is intended to serve not only as a bibliographical
I description of the folios above-named, but also as a key
whereby to identify the editions, and the evidence afforded from
the comparison of a large number of copies has, it is hoped,
decided some doubts relating to them. The folio size has been
adopted to admit of the best arrangements of the passages to
be compared, and the insertion of the ORIGINAL LEAVES.
I have for many years been collecting editions of the Bible
and New Testament, especially the earlier ones ; part of my plan
having been to obtain a complete set of the Seven Editions, and
the Large Folios of the Authorized Version named in the Title:
in which I have succeeded. Of the 7 editions, five having 62
lines on a page, read together; and 2 editions having 65 lines
on a page, and the same two editions with reprints, read
together, while some of the preliminary leaves and internal
titles will suit any edition; therefore any portion of these
respectively may be bound together, the first and last word of
every leaf of the 5 editions, and of the 2 editions, and the
Reprints, being the same with one or tAvo accidental exceptions.
Most copies are found to consist of these editions mixed. [See
(juotation p. 22.] Every leaf of the 7 difters A\-ith the exception
of 1-1: leaves. I have found, however, but few of these Bibles
Avhich do not contain some leaves of other editions. Thus the
1539 and April 1540 editions are often found mixed, so also
the July and December, and the 2 editions and the Reprints
having Go lines.
The folio editions of our Authorized Version of IGll, 1G17,
1G34, and 1640, and the preliminar}^ of 1613, also have the
first and last word of the same leaf in each edition the same,
execepting 2 pages in 1634, and are printed with the same t}^)e,
and on a page of the same size, bxit diffei-ently set u}). These
all read together, and copies are often found composed of parts
of two or more editions. From the facts elicited I think it con-
clusively shown which is the first and which is the second issue.
By this work every leaf of the Great Bible, and the
Six Craxmers, and the Reprints, can be identifed: also the
Preliminary of the editions of the Authorized Version
described, and one leaf in every signature of both Issues
1611, the Reprints, the 1617, and the 1634. A collation
and full description of each of the editions, and those with
Reprints is given. The edition of April 1540 is shown to be
tlie first of Cranmer's Version. The two titles belonging to
the edition of 1611 are described, and full consideration is
given to the question, whether both were intended for the
same volume, or for either issue.
The Genealogies of Jesus Christ, and the Map of Canaan,
which were published with the A. V., are described. There
are 23 varieties of the Genealogies in folio. There are 11
varieties of the Map. They are printed from two copper-plates,
and a portion of each is cojiied, and a passage from each of the
six editions of the letter-press on the reverse of the Map.
I have inserted an original leaf, from each of the 13 editions
described, and one from the Reprints, 1611.
I have collated every leaf of 45 copies of the 2nd issue, and
41 of these differ from each other. To show how the Reprints
and 1st Issue have been used in each copy of the 2nd Issue
to present so remarkable a result, a Table in 45 columns is given,
which shows the distribution of them tlirough each volmue.
Demy Folio, on thick toned jyaper, the Plates on Imitation Old
Paper made expressly, £5. A few copies on fine Vellum £20.
Willis & Sotheran, London. Lasburv, Bristol.
REPRODUCTIONS IN FAC -SIMILE. BY THE SAME EDITOR,
THE PEOPHETE JONAS,
WITH AN IXTRODrCTION BEFORE TEACHINGE TO UN'DEKSTOXDE HIM,
BY WILLIAM TYNDALE.
TO AVHICH IS ADDED COVERDALE'S VER3I0X OF JOXAH,
WITH AX IXTKODUCTION BY FRANCIS FRY. 8vo. , 18G3.
Price 10s. Ou Old Paper £1. A few copies on Vellum £2 lOs.
This work has been so long lost that no copy was known to exist.
Lord Arthur Hervey lately found a copy in his liltrary bound in a
volume with other tracts. Tyndale's version has never appeared since
the original edition now copied. It is not in the first nor any other
edition of the Bible called — Tyudale's.
A PROPER DIALOGE
KETWENE A GEN'TILLMAX AND A HUSBANDMAN ECHE CO-MPLAyNVN(iE TO OTHER THEIR
MISERABLE CALAMITE THROUOH THE AMBICION OF THE CLERUYE. WITH
COMPENDIOUS OLDE TREATYSE
SHEWYSGE HOWE THAT WE OUGHT TO HAVE THE SCRIPTURE IN ENGLYSSHE,
PRINTED BY HANS LUFT, 1530.
WITH AN INTRODUCTION BY FRANCIS FRY. 8vO., 1863.
Price lOs. On Old Paper £1. A few copies on Vellum £2 10s.
These are one book being printed on four sheets, signatures a B c D.
The author or editor is unknown. They were written by some one
who strongly advocated the new learn'mn. The Dialogue is in rhjTiie.
The only copy of the original edition which is known, is bound in the
same volume with Tyndale's Jonah.
THE SOULDIERS POCKET BIBLE.
PRINTED AT LONDON BY G. B. AND R. W, FOR G. C. 1643.
WITH AN INTRODUCTION BY F. FRY. 8v0., 1862.
Price 5s. A few cojiies on Vellum £1 5s.
"Containing the most (if not all) those places contained in holy
Scripture, which doe shew the qualilications of his inner man, that is a lit
Souldier to light the Lords Battels, both before the tight, in the fight,
and after the fight. "
There has been a prevalent opmion that the Soldiers in Cromwell's
Army were supplied with a Pocket Bible, but as to what edition of the
Bible was used there has hitherto been no evidence. That tliis was the
Pocket Bible there can be no doubt. One copy onlj' of this tract is
known in this Kingdom, which is in the British Museum.
THE CHRISTIAN SOLDIER'S PENNY BIBLE.
SHEWING FROM THE HOLY* SCRIPTURES THE SOLDIER's
DUTY' AND ENCOURAGEMENT.
LONDON: PRINTED BY R. SMITH, FOR SAM. WADE, 1693.
WITH AN INTRODUCTORY NOTE BY F. FRY'. 8vO., 1862. PRICE 5s.
This is also a rare tract. It is nearly a reprint of the Souldiers Pocket
Biljle, somewhat altered.
LOAN DEPT
•n^is book is due on the last d!.*
p on the dat?to wi,^ '"^"^^^^ ^^elow, or
Renewed books atesnbT^!' Renewed.
-5gftr^i^M---^!^r!!" '° '""mediate recall.
-^MAa^amrfipM,
tECD CIRC DEPTJ MAY 2 174 80
General Library
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