laiiaaiiaii'ii
EXERCISES
ON THE
IRREGULAR & DEFECTi¥E
GREEK VERBS
By tt,e
Rev/F. St. J.Thackei'a.yiiVl^A •
Ex Libris
C. K. OGDEN
THE LIBRARY
OF
THE UNIVERSITY
OF CALIFORNIA
LOS ANGELES
i7^_ //O O-.-.^./'^O^y-;
EXERCISES
ON THE
IRREGULAR AND DEFECTIVE
GREEK VERBS.
BV THE
Rev. F. St. J. THACKERAY, M. A.,
iafe Fellow of Lincoln College, Oxford ;
Assistant Master at Eton College.
ETON: WILLIAMS & SON;
LONDON : SIMPKIN, MARSHALL, & CO.
F/9
r
/ .
INTRODUCTION.
The following Exercises, on an important branch of the
Greek Accidence, are intended for boys who have already a
fair knowledge of the Grammar, but may be benefited by
giving more special attention for a time to this particular
portion of it. The object aimed at is to familiarize the
learner with the chief Irregular and Defective Verbal forms
of most frequent occurrence, the accurate use of which is
so essential for composition in Greek Prose. No Verbs, and
no parts of Verbs (with the exception of a very few poetic
forms specified), are admitted among those with which the
Exercises deal, for which there is not authority in the Attic
Prose authors of the best period. Each Exercise is intended
to exemplify all the principal parts of the Verb, while at the
same time some of the idiomatic uses have been introduced.
The order adopted follows the classification of Curtius in
his Grammar; and the Third Eldition of Veitch's work
has been consulted throughout. Prefixed to each Exercise
are the Tenses formed from the true stem ; the remainder,
which are formed from these, being omitted : (for their
formation see Parry's Greek Grammar, 68). A note is
added where Compound Verbs are to be employed, and
attention is drawn to those parts of the simple Verb which
never occur. For the chief words required a Vocabulary is
subjoined.
Eton :
Airnl 28th, 1877.
CONTENTS.
PiRST
Class. — JFhere the Present Stc
m
is like
the
Verbal Stem.
Exercise
Page
I.
ciya
1
II.
UKOXJO)
2
III.
aTToXauo) .
ib.
IV.
yeXdco
3
V.
bidi
ib.
VI.
hexofiaL
4
VII.
8i6}K<o
ib.
vni.
Ca (supple ir.eiited by /3toco)
5
IX.
rpecfxo
ib.
X.
dtaXeyofiai
6
XI.
(rtydo)
ib.
XII.
(T7rev8co, (TTvivhoixai
7
XIII.
Tpenoi
ib.
Second Class. — JFhere the Present Stem lengihens the
Verbal Stem. Voioel.
XIV. aXei(p(0 . . • .8
XV. (pevyo) . . • ,10,
XVI. TrAeo) . ... 9
Third Class omitted as presenting no special difficulti/.
Fourth Class.— JFhere tlie Present Stem adds i to
the
Verbal Stem,
XVII.
a'ljjco ....
10
XVIII.
iyelpd) ....
ib.
XIX.
Kadi^ofj-ai . . •
11
XX.
Kaio) . . • •
12
XXI.
KXaio) ....
ib.
XXII.
drroKplvo), uiroKpivopat. . .
13
XXIII.
aTTOKTilvO) •
14
XXIV.
u(f)ei\o} ....
15
XXV.
ttXjjo-o-w (supplemented by naia and TraTda-aa)
ib.
VI
Contents.
Exercise Page
Fifth Class. — Where the Present Stem adds v, av, or ve
to the Verbal Stem,
XXVI.
ala-ddvofxai
• •
16
XXVII.
afiaprdvu)
• • 1
17
XXVIII.
av^dvo)
• •
id.
XXIX.
duKPCO
• •
18
XXX.
e\avva>
• •
ib.
XXXI.
cmfx^dvoiiai
• •
19
XXXII.
Kafjivo)
,
ib.
XXXIIT.
Xavddvco, iivCKavdc
ivofxai
30
XXXIV.
'kayxdvo)
.
ib.
XXXV.
oipXia-Kava
• •
21
XXXVI.
nvv6dvoiJ,ai
• •
ib.
XXXVII.
vmaxyiofjiai
•
32
XXXVIII.
(f)6dv(o .
.
ib.
Sixth Class. — Where the Present Stem adds o-k or iu-k
to the Verbal Stem.
XXXIX, okidKOfiai . . .22
XL. dvakltTKO) .... 23
XLI. dTTohibpdaKO) . . .24
XLII. Trnrpda-KO) (supplemented by dn-oSi'So/iat) . lb.
Seventh
Class. — Where a short Stem alternates
Wl
th one
enlarged by e.
XLIII.
albfofiai
25
XLIV.
a)(6o[xai . •
ib.
XLV.
jBovXojjLai .
26
XLVI.
8fofiai . . .
ib.
XLVII.
fid^ofiai
37
XLVIII.
o'ionai
ib.
XLIX.
pea
38
L.
Xalpa
ib.
LI.
ioveofiai (supplemented by iiTpidpr]v)
39
LII.
w6fa>
30
Contents.
vu
Exercise Page
Eighth or Mixed Class. — Where several essentially
different Stems unite to form one Verb.
LIII. alpeco . , . .30
LIV. eTTO/xai . . . .31
LV. e'xm .... ib.
LVI. opdo) , . . .32
LVII. Tp€)(<o . . . .33
Vekbs in /Lit. First Class, ivhere yn. is joined directly to
the Verbal Stem.
LVIII. eTTia-TajJ.ai .... ib.
LIX. tr?/iit . . . .34
LX. eifii .... id.
LXI. ovtvrjfii . . . .35
Second Class, where w is added between the Verbal Stem
and III.
LXII. Kardyt/vfii. . . . 35"
LXIII. dficfiuvvvfii . . .36
Vocabulary
37—42
ERRATUM.
rage 22, Sixth Class, for Indicatives read Inchoatives.
EXERCISES
ON THE
IRREGULAR AND DEFECTIVE
GREEK VERBS.
First Class. — The Present Stem is like the Verbal Stem,
E X E I^ C I S E I .
dyo), to lead.
Verbal stem Future Aorist Perfect Act. Perf. Pass. Aor. Pass.
dy a^(o ijyayov (See Note 2) rjy[xai VX'^V^
I. Whither and to whom do we bring those who are
suffering from bodily illness ? 2. The two came leading Pro-
dicus. 3. Let us follow in whatever direction our discourse
shall have led us. 4. Will you both of you repent when
you have married a wife ? 5. '^ Mi/id you come yourself and
bring others. 6. If he has done this, shall he not be brought
into court and pay the penalty ? 7. He had been conducted
badly by his guide; we have been led rightly. 8. We must
conduct them on horseback to the spectacle. 9. ^Have you
really, as I hear, collected many writings of those who have
the reputation of having been wise men ? 10. Consider
shortly to what a depth of disgrace and infamy he has
brouo-ht the commonwealth. 11. It is time to ^put out to
sea. 12. Will you not '^restore the exiles ?
' '6irais, with future. " Use a-wrixa here, and in the next sentence irpoTjxa,
The perfect in the simple verb is wanting, ayrjoxa is not Attic. ^ Middle
verb, compound with avd. * Compound with Kurd.
1
2 Exercises on the
EXERCISE II.
aKovco, to hear.
Verhal stem Future Aorist Perfect Perf. Pass. Aor. Pass.
cLKov aKov(jo\xai rjKovaa uK^Koa wanting rjKOvaOr^v
Rt. {koP)
I. You hear, ^Eschines, the ^testimony borne bv these men?
3. I will gladly hear your opinion. 3. I think you will hear a
strange story. 4. It must be heard, however. 5. ^Your audience
are neither stupid nor incredulous nor unfriendly. 6. We
know nothing and have heard nothing from any other quarter.
7. He had heard some of the philosophers. 8. He says he
has been ill-spoken of. 9. There is ^/lofhinQ like hearing the
law itself. 10. Let us go and hear the man. 11. Recollect
this when heard. 12. If you were to hear me you would obey.
• The things testified {fxaprvpfoi). ^ Those vrho will hear yon. ^ ovSlf oloy.
EXERCISE 111.
ciTroXavcL), to enjoy.
Verbal stem Future Aorist Perfect
\av, (Rt. \af) uTToXavaofiai airekavaa diroXeXavKa
I. Do you enjoy leisure? 2. 1 shall enjoy neither leisure
nor quiet here. 3. I will go to Socrates that 1 may enjoy his
discourses. 4. What do you think is the greatest advantage
that you have derived \fr07n being wealthy ? 5. This is what I
reaped from my partnership with him. 6. The majority are
content with a life ^of enjoyment.
^ Genitive : use the article and the infinitive. - ano\avaTiK69.
Irregular and Defective Greek Verbs. 3
EXERCISE IV.
^e\do3, to laugh.
Verbal stem Future Aorist Perf. Pass. Aor. Pass.
jeka yeXdaofxai iyeXaaa wanting, ijeXdadrjv
Karayeyekaa-fiai occurs
I. Do you laugh ? 2. I would gladly laugh. 3. They both
laughed as they looked at one another. 4. I shall laugh my-
self when I take the money. 5. He will weep whenever we
laugh at him. 6. A laugh was raised at these words. 7. This
is truly ^ridiculous. 8. You have certainly not made me
laugh now though I was ^ ready to do so.
' Verbal : componnd with Kari. '^ Desiderative in -miui.
EXERCISE V.
Sect), to hind.
Verbal stem Future Aorist Perf. Act. Perf. Pass. Aor. Pass.
8e Stereo eSrjaa beSexa SeSefjiat eZkdrjv
I . The officer was binding Demosthenes and leading him
to prison. 3. He said he would not bind a single Athenian.
3. True opinions are not worth much until one binds them
with the chain of the cause. 4. Did they put the Corcyrseans
under arrest ? 5. Yes ; and they kept them under arrest a
long time. 6. Let the tyrant be bound ^at once. 7. He has
already been bound. 8. When he shall have been in prison
two years he may be released, g. Then, and not till then,
when you have been bound with arguments of iron and ada-
mant, so to speak, will I let you go. 10. Some of the ships
they '^lashed and towed away empty, and one they captured
crew ^ and all. 11. This is the state in which the soul is
most enthralled by the body.
' Expressed by using the Perfect Passive Imperative. - Use compound
with avti here and with Kara in the next sentence. Observe that Se'co and
its compounds, contrary to the rule of dissyllable verba in ec, contract eo as
well as ee and eei. •' Dative of avr6s.
Exercises on the
EXERCISE VI.
Se-xpfiai, to receive.
Verbal stem Future Aorist Perfect Aor. Pass.
^^X Se^o/J^ai iBe^d/arjv SeSeyfjiac ehe'xOrjv
I. Do you then admit this argument which is now offered ?
a. Let him give and take. 3. Should they receive any bribe,
let them pay the penalty. 4. Dyers prepare wool beforehand
that it may take the colour in full perfection. 5. Imagine
that we similarly were only contriving how our men might
best take as it were the colour of the laws. 6. He has ac-
cepted the oath which they tendered him shamefully. 7. I
would be ready to go through anything rather than live in that
fashion. 8. You would not have been h-eceived into the
house. ^9. If any one after all should find fault with any-
thing, let us understand each other favourably. 10. We must
not accept (the statement) from this man who is cheating us.
' Compound with ds. " In this and in the next sentence use the com-
ponud with air6, — in the last the Verbal.
EXERCISE VII.
SiooKw, to pursue.
Verbal stem Future Aorist Perfect Perf. Pass. Aor. Pass.
BtQ)K Slm^co, iScco^a hehiw)(a wanting i8i,co)(^dr}v
but Suo^ofxaL is more Attic
I. Do you not pursue honour as good ? 2. The hound will
pursue the track of the hare. 3. How long have you pursued
that pleasure ? 4. One ^must pursue justice rather than mag-
nificent display. 5. Both these things are to ^be pursjied and
not to ^be shunned. 6. To be prosecutor and to be defendant
are very different.
' Verbal in rfos, * Verbals in t6s.
Irregular and Defective Greek Verbs. 5
EXERCISE VIII.
^oi, k> live (supplemented by ^tow) .
Yerhal stem Future Aorist Perfect Perf. Pass.
^rjaojxaL i/Blcov
but more commonly
^Lcoaofxat
I. Where used you two to live ? 2. We ^lived at Atb.ens.
3. He has lived there happily for twelve years. 4. Let him
live there as before. 5. While his father was living he used
to go daily to a master. 6. To all men living there is more
or less pain. 7. The pleasure of living contentedly is great.
8. Consider ^the actions of my life and yours.
* In this and the next sentence Siarpi'/Sco would be more usual than (u.
2 Say, the things lived by you and me.
EXERCISE IX.
rp€(f)Q), to nourish.
Terlal stem F^lture Aorist Perf. Act. Perf. Pass. Aor. Pass.
6pe(f) dpe-\lrai edpey^ra rerpoc^a redpa/jUfxaL idpecfidrjv
I. ^Take care that you rear and educate the rational prin-
ciple on noble words and lessons. 2. His father has reared
him excellently. 3. Athene nourished our state. 4. If you
were to catch wild birds and keep them at home, you could
domesticate them in time. 5. It is not fair that a grown-up
son should be kept by his father. 6. You have not been
brought up in such habits. 7. I suppose you would have
been excusing a stranger if he were speaking in his native
tongue and ^after the fashion of his country. 8. Any one
who is well brought up will do so. 9. It is % positive sin to
say these things of [Kara) Achilles, the pupil of Chiron, that
wisest of teachers. 10. Next after music our youths are to
trained in gymnastics.
1 '6irois, with future. - Say in that tongue (<i>(jovri) and fashion (rpoTroj) in
which he had been reared. ' ouS' '6(nov,
6 Exercises on the
EXERCISE X.
Bca-Xeyofiat, to discourse (deponent).
Verbal stem Future Aorist Perfect
X€<y BiaXe^ofiat hie\e')(6rjv BietXeyfiat
I. To discourse and to use language I suppose you think
the same thing. 2. Well^ go and talk with him. 3. The
two men were talking together. 4. He argued this matter
five times ^a month. 5. We have conversed with each other
for a long time. 6. He had already often discussed this.
7. He remained within in order not to discuss such things
out of doors. 8. I shall have discussed enough about music.
9. We must discuss politics while taking our walks.
' Use the article.
EXERCISE XI.
criydco, to he silent.
Ferhal stem Future Aorist Perf. Act. Perf. Pass. Aor, Pass.
aiya aiyrjao[JbaL ial/yy^aa creai'yrjKa aealyrjjjbai, iat<y>]drjv
I. Why are you silent ? 2. There is no harm in being
silent to those to whom one ought to be so. 3. If you ask
him anything ^he preserves a solemn silence. 4. The two youths
were silent. 5. His words will be passed over in silence
hereafter. 6. ^ Under the tyrants any one who did not suffer
violence, even if he held his tongue, thought himself fortunate.
7. Keep silence for a time. 8. The storm is already hushed.
9. One must keep silence in the presence of the judges.
1 He is silent veij solemnly (are/xpSis), - in(, with genitive.
Irregular and Defective Greek Verbs. 7
EXERCISE XII,
airevhw, to potir libations,
airevho^ai, to make a treaty.
Verhal stem Fidure Active Future Middle Perfect Pass.
airevZ not used in simple verb, a'lreLaofiac eaTreLafiai
Karacnrelao)
J. Cyrus, standing as he was, poured a libation, uttered a
prayer, and drank the wine. 2. Orestes will pour a drink-
offering at his father's tomb. 3. On the last day of the
feast, when they were on the point of pouring out the offer-
ings, the priest brought out twelve golden bowls. 4. Mean-
time the Mantineans and those with whom a treaty had been
made, retreated 'o few at a time. 5. One or two men threw
darts at them, though they kept alleging that they had ob-
tained a treaty. 6. Partly by peaceful intervals and partly
by warring they became more experienced in military matters.
7. They concluded a truce on the following terms, that they
will surely abide by the treaty for the year.
' Kara., with accusative.
EXERCISE XIII.
TpeTTO), to turn.
Verbal stem Future Aorist Perf. Act. Perf. Pass. Aor. Pass.
rpeTT rpe-^lro) erpe'^a rerpo^a rerpafifiuL erpdirriv
eTpi(f)6r]v
I. ^Bi/ this conduct we shall turn them to despair. 3. The
faction has ^overthrown the state. 3. Turn your thoughts in
this direction. 4. He will not even know where to turn his
mind. 5. The house had been turned to (faced) the south.
6. Be it on his own head 1 7. Look at those two temj)les
which have a wrong aspect. 8. Let us proceed no further in
this direction, but take the road by which we turned off. 9. It
is time to turn to somebody else. 10. The true philosopher
wishes as far as he can to be quit of the body, and to turn to
the soul. II. They slew those who wert ^charged with the
duty of keeping guard.
1 Use the participle. - Compound with dvo. ^ Compouud with e'lr^.
8 Exercises on the
Second Class.— The Present Stem lengthens the Verbal
Stem Vowel.
EXERCISE XIV.
oKel^co, to anoint.
Verhal stem Future Aorist Perf. Act. Per/. Pass. Aor. Pass.
dXtcf) aXet-^co l]\eL^p•a a\i]Ki<^a akrjkifx^iai r}XeL(j)6rji>
I. Ulysses, sailing by the island of the Sirens, smears
with wax the ears of his comrades. 2. Homer has some
things about the gods which tend to ^luipe out from the soul
the image of virtue. 3. We will therefore '^obliterate all such
(passages), not as being unpoetical, or as not being pleasing
to most men, but because in proportion as they are more
poetical so much the less ought they to be heard by free
men. 4. You destroyed the pillars and '^cancelled the de-
crees. 5. It would be monstrous for the sake of Thebans to
H'lot out Platseans from "the map of Greece. 6. She has
besmeared her face and even her auburn locks with white
lead. 7. Is that which is ^anointed really white or does it
only appear (white) ? 8. The Spartans anointed themselves
with oil in their gymnastic exercises. 9. The Peloponnesians
computed by the layers of bricks the height of the wall where
it happened not to have been ^thoroughly whitewashed.
10. We must '^strike out this man's name from the roll.
* Compound with e|. " tiav nh EAAtjukc^*. " Compound with iiil.
EXERCISE XV.
(fyevyo), to flee ; to be prosecuted ; to be banished.
Verhal stem. F^^.ture Aorist Perfect
(fivy (fjev^ofiai e(j)vyov 7re(f)€v<ya
1. A fool may perhaps think this, that he should run away
from his master, and not reflect that his duty is not to run
Irregular and Defective Greek Verbs. 9
away at any rate from the good^ but to remain to the end ; so
that he would be running away senselessly. 2. Let him be
in exile for seven years. 3. May I now at least avoid the
questioning '^bij Socrates. 4. It is impossible that any one
can avoid being ridiculous if he do this. 5. They fled from
Athens to Megara. 6. Others will kill those who have fled
hither, 7. They had almost escaped. 8. It is a fine thing
never to have been indicted in a single law-suit. 9. He is
put on his trial by me "in this suit. 10. I am resolved to follow
it up if they will shrink from this^ and will not do what is
ordered,
> Genitive. ^ Accusative.
EXERCISE XVI.
vrXeoj, to sail.
Verbal stem. Future Aorist Per/. Act. Perf. Pass.
TrXf lengthened TrXevao/xat eTrXevcra TreirXevKa TrenXeuafxai
to ev, but re- TrXeuaov/jiac
solved to ef
before vowels
I. The island was inaccessible^ for navigation did not yet
exist. 2. He did not foresee ^hoiv the vessel of the state
should ride on ^safely. 3. With us everything is going
swimmingly, as they say. 4. They sailed back to Corcyra
"^for men. 5. He has sailed there ever so many times with
no result. 6. With the god^s aid, you might put to sea on a
hurdle. 7. Long is the sea which has been sailed over
hither. 8. When things became more favourable for navi-
gation, the ships ])ut out to sea. 9. We must now sail and
commit ourselves to the breeze which is favourable. 10. Be-
hold the man who has sailed round Africa. 11. Will he
write an account of his voyage for the sake of other navi-
gators ?
' '6-K(tis, with fnture. ^ upright, opd6s. ' M.
2
10 Exercises on the
^Fourth Class. — The Present Stem adds l to the Verbal
Stem.
EXERCISE XVII.
alpw, to raise.
Verbal stem Future Aorist Perf. Act. Perf. Pass. Aor. Pass.
ap apoi rjpa ypKa ijpfxai ijpOrjv
I. At one time he lifted his head, and then again dropped
it. 2. A horse when angered will raise his legs higher, not
however ^ivith freedom. 3. This man is connected with ^no
one by ties of humanity or social union ; but walks through
the market-place like a viper or a scorpion with his sting
hiplifted. 4. It is no good to undertake an inglorious and
expensive war. 5. When his country is exalted each one
feels ^more than usually elevated. 6. Should they raise a
signal we will come. 7. If Cleon were elected general he
would start with his army. 8. By these means he rose to
greatness. 9. He will have ^started for Gythium by the
forenoon.
^ The Third Class of Verbs, ia which the Present Stem affixes t to the
Verbal Stem, e.g. ddiTTw (racp), tIktu (t^k), tvittoo (tv-kJ, does not present
any special difficulty. ^ Use the adjective vypos. ^ Repeat the negative.
'' Having uplifted his sting. ^ avrhs avrov. ^ Compound with a.Tr6.
EXERCISE XVIII.
iyeipo), to rouse.
Verial stem Future Aorist Strowj Perf. Perf. Pass. Aor. Pass.
iyep €<yep6!) r^yeipa eypr)yopa, lyr]yeppbai 7^yep6rjv
(the Perfect Active eyrj'yepKa is not
Classical)
I. I purposely did not wake you. 2. You probably will not
wake me at the proper time. 3. ^Mind you wake me while
Irregular and Defective Greek Verbs. 11
it is yet early dawn. 4. Arc we sleeping at this moment and
all our thoughts a dream, or are we awake and talking to one
another Hn the waking state ? 5. The Syracusans on hearing
this were more than ever aroused to action. 6. You would be
unprepared if war were to be stirred up. 7. Let us then
show that our state is alive and on the alert. 8. He was in
his senses and awake in a moment. 9. These words would
not be encouraging or rousing ^to thought.
1 '6itui, with future. ' vvap. ^ Genitive.
EXERCISE XIX.
^ Ka6e^o/xai, to sit.
Verlal stem Future Perfect
eS KadeBov/j^at from the stem ij^j KaOrjixai
I. He went and sat down after his bath and we sat by
him. 2. Will he not sit as a suppliant at the altar ? 3. Let
him sit if he will. 4. You are seated at last. 5. Do you
not see the court seated ? 6. We idled away three whole
months in Macedonia, doing nothing, always going to do
something. 7. They had taken their seats by Socrates.
8. Whenever I sat by you I learnt something. 9. Attend as
many of you as are sitting. 10. He had taken his seat on a
^cushioned chair, and had a garland on his head.
1 The simple Verb 'i^oixai is poetic. The Active 'i^ia is not found at all :
in place of it V^to and iSpvco arc found for the causal Verb to seat; but of
these '/fctf is very rarely found in proso authors. The Compound Kadi^u is
of frequent oocurrence. ^ On a cushion (■npo(rKi(t>d\cfioyJ and chair.
13 Exercises on the
EXERCISE XX.
Kalco, to hum.
Verhal stem Future Aonst S," Perf. Act. Perf. Pass. Aor. Pass.
Ka (f) Kavaco not used in the KeKuvfxac (chiefly in
simple Verb, Compounds)
use Compounds
Thucydides uses Kaico. kuw is the form that prevails in later
Attic.
1. The Thebans have come to our land, cut down trees,
burnt down houses, and plundered money and cattle, a. Will
the Spartans look on and allow Athens to be burnt? 3. Ac-
cording to Thucydides the inner parts of the body were so
burnt with fever-heat during the plague that they could not
bear the touch of even the thinnest garments. 4. Physicians
cure some diseases ^hy the knife or by cautery. 5. Great care
is necessary in handling combustible elements. 6. Yes,
especially phosphorus, unless you mean to burn your fingers.
7. After Moscow was burnt, the horrors of the retreat of the
French were almost too great for description. 8. In the Fire
of London, ^211 years ago, 13,000 houses were burnt.
9. Burn this letter as soon as possible. 10. It shall remain
here until it is either burnt or has decayed.
^ Use the participles of Te^cw and Kaiu. " Begin with the date, " It is
now 211 years since, when London was on fire {KaracpXiyo))," etc.
EXERCISE XXI.
KkaiQ), to iveep.
Verlal stem Future Aorist Perf. Pass.
kXu (f) KXavaofiai cKKavaa K€K\av/xai
Kkaujaco (rare)
KXatoi and kXcico are found. Kkdco prevails in the later Attic.
I. Whv do you weep ? 3. I fear I shall weep even more
this year than last year. 3. Should he see the place he will
Irregular and Defective Greek Verbs. 13
weep. 4. They were ^deeply bewailing their dead. 5. You
will do it to your cost. 6. You remember the spectacles
in tragedies when the spectators '^ smile through their
tears. 7. This urn holds the ashes of a man duly bewailed.
8. So then ^ I shall have lamented in vain. 9. If you were to
suffer I would weep. 10. I hope I may not die unwept by
friends.
' Compound with aird. Use the Middle voice. - Say, " when they
weep, rejoicing at the same time. ^ Say, "it will have been lamented
by me," the 3rd Future Passive. This tense of KKaiia occurs only in
Poetry.
EXERCISE XXII.
arroKpivoo, to separate.
aTTOKpivofiai, to answer.
Yerho.l stem. Fuinre Aorist Ferf. Pass. Aorist Pass.
Kpiv, airoKpLVOi uireKpiva cnroKeKpi- aTreKpiOrjv,
Kpivia). Mid. Mid. /xai I was separated
The i after v is diroKpc- aireicpi,-
thrown back vov/xac vdfxrjv,
lengthened I answered
I. They elected the magistrates deciding on them by the
number of the votes. 2. The Greeks had not yet been
separated off under one common name. 3. All other ill-
nesses terminated in this. 4. They separated with no de-
cisive result. 5. Why do you not answer ? 6. I would
answer this in the same way. 7. What would you have
answered if you had been there ? 8. Who will answer me ?
9. I shall have already answered any further questions.
10. Your answer would not have been sufficient. 11. We
must reject all such things.
14 Exercises on the
EXERCISE XXIII.
aTTOKTelvQ), to kill.
Verbal stem Future Aorist Per/. Act.
KTa and Kxev airoKrevoi aireicTeiva arreKTOva
For the Passive forms use airodvrjaKw, dTrodavov/j^aL, uTri-
davov.
The simple form of dv/]crK(i> is used in preference to the
Compound, in the Perfect ridvTjKa, and the Future
Perject redvifj^w.
I. Let the first person among the relations of the de-
ceased who meets him kill the murderer if he fly and will
not stand his trial. 3. The tyrants will kill as many as they
please of the innocent. 3. They ^are putting to death the
best of the citizens. 4. They were slaying as many as they
could '^considering their small numlers. 5, O Athenians,
you have killed Socrates ! 6. When you have killed me you
will not easily find another like me. 7. Will not these
malefactors be put to death by the state? 8. They were
perishing of hunger. 9. The deity does not allow any one to
kill himself. 10. As many as kill any one involuntarily are
liable to trial for manslaughter. 11. Has he been killed
unjustly? \%. It is noble to be killed in battle for one's
country.
Observe : KTilvu, the simple form, is rarely used in Prose. airoKTelvoi and
KaTUKnlvu are both used in Poetry, and have a strong Aorist aitiKravov,
KaTCKTai'o*' not found in Prose authors. Kci,raKTiivu> is used once or twice
by Xenophon, but the usual word in Prose is airoKTiivw. ^ In this and in
following sentence use the Attic form atroKTivwixi, which is preferred for
the Present and Imperfect. ^ Say, " as being few."
Irregular and Defective Greek Verbs. 15
EXERCISE XXIV.
o^elXw, to owe.
Verbal stem Future Strong Aorist Weah Aorist Perfect
6^€tX 6(f>€i,\/](T(0 axfieXov, oix^eiXrjcra So^uXrjKa
u tin am
1. I owe you many thanks for this service. 2. We ought
to pay our ^dehts in full. 3. We all of us are owed to death.
4. Let him owe ten times the sum if he does not pay "in the
year. 5. It is but fair that the ^self-sown plant which is in-
debted to no one for culture, should have no Hnclination to
pay any one for its culture. 6. I think I shall owe other thank-
offerings to Apollo. 7. Would that you had done this !
8. I wish I had seen the wolf first ! 9. O that the Argo had
never sped through the blue Symplegades ! 10. He who
^owes a good turn to another is duller ^in his feeling than the
one who has done the favour ; knowing that he will return
the service '^hy way of payment of a debt and not by way of
a free gift. 11. Tissaphernes was ^'m arrears with the tribute
due to the kino-.
o
^ Present Participle Passive. - Kara. ^ rh avrocpves. * irpodv/xi7(Tdai,
•with infinitive. ^ Compound with uptL ^ Accusative. ' els. ^ Compound
witk iiri.
EXERCISE XXV.
7r\7]aa(o, to strike.
This Verb is very defective ; and the different parts are sup-
plemented by two other Verbs, as follows : —
Verbal stem of Future Aorist Perf. Act. Pcrf- Pass. Aor. Pass.
ir\r}cya(o nraLcroi eiraiaa TreTrXrjya TreTrXrjyfiat eTrXijyrjv
TrXay Trard^co eVara^a very rare
but occurs
in Xenophon
The form eirXdyriv is used in Compounds in the metaphorical
sense to strike with amazement, e. g. e^eirXdjiiv , Kaia-
irXay r]vai.
16 Exercises on the
I. The boxer will strike boldly. 3. Let them inflict upon
the insolent stranger as many blows as he has himself in-
flicted. 3. He is said to have struck him six times. 4. When
any one's finger is struck, the whole body ^feels it and ^sympa-
thizes. 5. If you ask any of these sort of persons a question,
you will be hit at once by some new-fangled word, and will
make hw way with any of them. 6. He used to live the life
of a hare, in fear and trembling, always expecting to be struck.
7. Polus and Gorgias I startled and made ashamed, but you
will not be startled, you are so brave. 8. Set out for war not '
a whit ^panic-stricken ^at Philip.
1 Use the Aorist. ^ Eepeat the negative. ^ Compound with /cares.
■• Accusative.
Fifth Class. — The Present Stem adds v, av, or ve to the
Verbal Stem.
EXERCISE XXV I.
alaOdvo/Mai, to perceive.
Verbal stem Future Aorist Perfect
alad ala6i]aoixai ya66/xr]v rjaOrnxai
I. Do you perceive this? 2. If you say it again, I shall
perceive it. 3. Through these, ^as through instruments, we
perceive sensible objects. 4. You would perceive them, ^of
course. 5. Have you ever perceived this house before ?
6. They felt they were becoming ridiculous- 7. The result to
them has been that they have felt they had sold themselves be-
fore selling anyone else. 8. The citizens will obey the orator
who advises, when they feel that he is ^high minded.
9. Strangers saw that the Athenians ^had their wits about
them, and were not wanting in shrewdness.
1 olov. ^ how would you not do so ? ^ (ppovu ixsya. * Use the
Present Participle of ala-davofxai.
Irregular and Defective Greek Verbs. 17
EXERCISE XXVI T.
dfMaprdvo), to err.
Verbal stem Future Perf. Act. Perf. Pass. Aor. Pass.
ofMapr dfiaprijcrofiai rjfidpTrj/ca ri[xdpT7]iJLat rjixapTrjdrjv
1. ^// is impossible you could have clone wrong when in-
curring peril in behalf of the freedom of all. %. To be
infallible and ever successful belongs to the gods. 3. He will
miss the mark. 4. If you do this you will be utterly wrong.
5. The State which has failed in its present purpose may yet
hereafter bring many great matters to a successful issue.
6. Those two men were nearly losing their way. 7. The
blunder has been committed in ignorance. 8. Are rulers of
states ^incapable of wrong, or are they liable to make some
mistakes ? 9. To be sure they are liable to make mistakes.
10. Those who have been guilty of remediable offences ^derive
leneHt from punishment ^at the hands of God and man.
^ OvK i<TTLv Sttiwj. ^ Verbal negative Adjective. ^ ovivafiai, see Ex. Ixi.
EXERCISE XXVIII.
av^dvod and av^co, augeo, to increase.
Verbal stem Future Aorist Perf. Act. Perf. Pass. Aor. Pass.
au^ av^j]cru) Tjv^rjcra i^v^rjKa tju^rjfiai rjv^rjOrjv
I. Each one used to think it right to increase the common
weal. 2. Did we not increase the power of Philip ? 3. Yes_,
indeed 1 he has grown great ^after being small and insignifi-
cant. 4. This -being the case, what will most increase our
strength ? 5. By honourable toils will not the state have
grown powerful ? 6. Yes, ^it will increase by these habits.
7. *IJind, says Cephalus, that as the pleasures of the body
fade away, the love of discourse grows upon me. 8. The
vain boaster grew taller as he spoke.
' (K. ' These things being (ex'^) thus. ^ av^'fjtrofiai is used in
Passive sense. ■* Dativus commodi.
18 Exercises on the
EXERCISE XXIX.
hcLKvco, to bite.
Verbal stem Future Terf. Act. Perf. Pass. Aor. Pass.
haK B^^ofiai BeSrj^a Be8rjy/xat ehrj'^^Orjv
I. Has he ever felt the pang of being bitten by a viper?
2. Such a one is v^^'illing to tell none H'ut those who have been
bitten ^ivhat it is like. 3. Have you been stung by the words
of philosophy ? 4. This will sting others too. 5. It has
already bitten very many. 6. Perhaps a snake never yet bit
any of you, and I hope it never may. 7. If you do this you
will all be stung ^to the heart by pain.
^ irArJr. " ofov ecrrt. ^ Accusative.
EXERCISE XXX.
eKavvco, to drive ; to ride ; to row.
Ferial stem Future Attic Aorist Perf. Act. Perf. Pass. Aor. Pass.
iXa i\(Ji) ■ijXaaa e\i]\aKa eX'/]\afiat rjXddrjv
I. There were three ^classes of those who rowed the
triremes. 2. Cleomenes, with the help of an Athenian
faction, will drive out the curse. 3. One must take care of
horses that have been ridden -on steep ground. 4. It is not
good to push too far in a matter like this. 5. If they had
been prudent they would not have been driven out. 6. The
engineer will have carried the angle of the wall down to the
river.
' ytvos. ' Tek KardvTr).
Irregular and Defective Greek Verbs. 19
EXERCISE XXXI.
air-e'x^BdvofjLai, to he hated.
Verlal stem. Future Aorist Perfect
i'XJd a7re')(6r)aoiJbaL a7rri')(66ixr}v a'Trr}')(6riixaL
I. The tyrant '^feels Xh?it he is incurring hatred. 2. They
went away for fear of being hated. 3. The Athenians incurred
animosities ^in the exercise of their empire. 4. You will be
hated by all else ^i/ you say this. 5. You Spartans have got
yourselves hated through your habits. 6. Are there not words
which ^cause hatred, and others which lead to friendship ?
7. Aristides said that he was not distressed by the people
being roused to hatred against him so as to ostracise him.
' (xvvoiSa, with Reflexive Pronoun. * Participle.
EXERCISE XXXII.
Kufivoi, to be weary ; to he sick.
Verbal stem Future Aorist Perfect
Ka/jb Ka/j,ovfiat eicafj,ov KeKf^rjKa
I. The orator will never be tired of praising the heroes of
Marathon. 2. Yesterday I was tired with walking from
Megara. 3. When a man is ill, whether he be rich or poor,
he must obey his doctors. 4. Physicians would become most
skilful, if besides learning their art they were to have ^all
kinds of diseases from their youth ^upwards. 5. The Plataeans
about to be put to death were invoking the ^dead. 6. The
archers had been worn out, being distressed by the same toil
for a considerable time, 7. We must not '^Hijich from the
work. 8. T should never be tired (of) confuting those who
argue fallaciously. 9. The part of the army that was hard
pressed began ^secretly to withdraw.
* Beginning from boys. ^ Perf. Participle. * Verbal :
compound Tvitb hid. * vite^iip.i, Imperfect.
20 Exercises on the
EXERCISE XXXIII.
XavOdvoi, to escape notice.
iinXavOdvofiai, to forget.
Verhal stem Future Aorist Perf. Act. Per/. Deponent.
XaO Xrjcrco eXadou XiXrjda XeXrjcrfiat
commonly
eiTiXeXriarixat,
I. Let not the following apiece oj good fortime be forgotten.
2. It shall not escape our notice. 3. You have unconsciously
fallen into a wonderful sort of argument. 4. We were not
aware that it was very pleasant. 5. It is likely to escape the
notice of all other men that the true philosopher is ever
practising dying. 6. The slave ran away unnoticed. 7. Old
age comes on us unawares. 8. Is it possible he has forgotten
his brother ? 9. It would be strange if we were to forget
'^whatever the suhject of our discourse is. 10. Will the old
man forget his cunning ? i r . I almost forgot to speak in good
time. J a. Do not forget yourself and talk nonsense.
1 iiiTvxvi^^- ^ Say, " that about which oar discourse may be."
EXERCISE XXXIV.
Xa'yyavco, to ohtain hy lot.
Ferial stem Future Aorist Perfect Perf. Pass.
^% Xr']^Ofiac eXa')(ov etXri-^^a e'iX7]y/j,ac
XeXoy')(a, poetic
I. Your destiny shall not be allotted to you, but you shall
choose it for yourselves. 3. He had Protagoras assigned to
him as his teacher. 3. They have both obtained as their
allotted region this land. 4. Man is a living creature which
has received intelligence from its Creator. 5. The suit has
been drawn by lot by the Archon. 6. Let them sue me for
the inheritance. 7. We must assign a teacher to this most
ignorant boy.
^ Genitive.
Irregular and Defective Greek Verbs. 21
EXERCISE XXXV.
6^\L(TKdvoo, to owe, incur.
Verhal stem Future ' Aorist Perf. Act.
0(f)\ 0<^\}](7(O C0(f)\0P Ci)(f)\7]Ka
I. He is getting a character for cowardice ^with the King
of Persia. 2. You ^stand a chance of losing in the arbitra-
tion. 3. Judgment will go against him ^hy default. 4. If he
be cast in his suit, let him have no share in the public pos-
sessions, and let him be written down as a criminal as long
as he lives where any one "^who pleases can read it. 5. Surely
you understand, O Athenians, what folly you would have
been chargeable with in each of these cases, had you
happened to have passed any such decree ! 6. The state
would justly incur great ridicule if it did such things.
* TrpoSj with genitive. ^ See Vocabulary under likely. ^ ^p'fl/J-rj) agreeing
with SIkt}. * Participle of ^oiXo/xat.
EXERCISE XXXVI.
• irvvOdvofiai, to inquire,
Verhal stem Future Aorist Perfect
rrvO Trevao/jiat eTrvdonrjv TreTruafxai
I. Why do you ask me about health? 2. Ask this ^of the
doctors. 3. I would rather ask of this stranger what they
mean. 4. Antl have you only just learnt ^that health,
according to the old philosophers, is a harmony ? 5. Don^t
fancy you know the causes of health before you have learnt
this. 6. We will inquire what we must do on each occasion.
' napd. 2 Say, " have learnt health, that it is," etc.
33 Exercises on the
EXERCISE XXXVII.
vTncr')(ykoiJbaL, to promise.
Verbal stem Future Aorist Perfect
vrre'x^ v7ro(T')(7]aof^aL vTrecr'^o/uirjv v'!ri<j')(rjfiaL
I. They have promised to let me a house ^br a mina ^a
mouth. 2. The house had been let already. 3. Will any one
really promise so now ? 4. He will promise but will not
perform. 5. Promise me, at any rate, to do what I say.
6. I wish you would do what you promise. 7. ^Promising is
easy, doing is difficult.
' Genitive. ^ Use the Article. ^ Use the Article, -with the Infinitive.
EXERCISE XXXVIII.
^ddvco, fo get before; to forestall.
Verbal stem Future Strong Aorist Weak Aorist Perfect
<^6a (^dt]aoiJbat €(})9r]v ecfidaaa e<^6aica
^Odaco
This is one of the few Verbs that have two Aorists in use in
the same sense, in Attic, excepting that the Participle
(^6d^ is only found in Ionic.
I. They will be beforehand in doing this. 3. Let no one
anticipate us in entering the city. 3. No sooner had this
misfortune befallen me than I was again disappointed of my
hope. 4. You will gain no advantage beyond having been the
first to commit an injustice, 5. Make haste and speak at
once. 6. The Athenians at Pylos pressed on in every way
to forestall the Spartans.
Sixth Class (Indicatives). — Present Stem adds aK or lctk
to Verbal Stem.
EXERCISE XXXIX.
dXiaKOfxat, to be taken ; be convicted.
Verbal stem Future Aorist Perfect
dX &; dXoy dXcoao/jLai edXcov & rjXcov edXcoKa & ijXcoKa
Irregular and Defective Greek Verbs. 23
I. He will be convicted ^ow an indictment ^for deserting.
2. When Troy was captured the palaces were burnt. 3. How
often has the city of Jerusalem been captured ? 4. Six times^
at the least. 5. ^Mind you don't allow yourself this time to
be caught making a mistake. 6. '^Pause, that you may not
be caught. 7. There are many ways in which this sort of
argument could be refuted. 8. In this way alone we are
^assailable.
' Accusative. ^ Genitive. ^ '61701$, with future. ■• Aorist imperative
of eire'xco. ^ Verbal.
EXERCISE XL.
avaXlaKoo, to expend.
Verhal stem Future Aorist Perf. Act. Perf. Pass. Aor. Pass.
dvak avaXoxjw avi'fkwaa av/]XcoKa avrfkw^at dvrjXcodriv
and and and and
dvdXcoaa dvdXcoKa dvaXoofxaL dvaXoiOrjv
J. He had no money ^to spend. 2. Has he spent all his
property ? 3. It has been squandered on bodily pleasures.
4. ^Mind you don't spend so much money for the future.
5. How much money did your cousins spend yesterday ?
6. More than ^^^4 had been spent about the forenoon.
7. The sums expended on the shopkeepers were greater ^t/ian
their income could meet. 8. We must spend our persons in
the service of the State. 9. A state which has spent its
wealth on behalf of an honourable ambition is sure to be
successful. 10. Demosthenes says he is one of those who
have often spent their property in the public services. 11. If
you spend what you have on unnecessary objects, how will
you be well-provided with what you have not got for things
that are necessary ?
^ He had not (resources) from whence he might spend. " ottois, with
future. ^ A miua, which strictly = £4 Is, 3d. ^ Say, " greater than
in proportion to (/card) their income."
24 Exercises on the
EXERCISE XL I.
airoSiSpdaKOi, to run away.
(The uncompounded SiBpdaKO) is not found.)
Verbal stem Future Aorist Perfect
Spa diroSpdcrofiat direhpav cnrohehpaKa
I. He did not shun this expedition. 2. Bind the prisoners
lest they run away. 3. The slave after recovering ran away
from the house. 4. Will any one run away if well treated ?
5. Many have run away before now from good masters.
6. The two fugitives with difficulty escaped by swimming
from the Cretan pirates.
EXERCISE XLII.
TTLTTpdcrKOi, to Sell.
dirohlhojiai)
Yerhal stem Future Aorist Perfect Act. Perf. Pass. Aor. Pass.
Trpa diroSuxTOfiaL aTreSofxrjv ireirpaKa 7re7rpa/jiaL iTrpddrjv
(borrowed) (borrowed)
I. He was selling his own freedom. 2. They '^behaved luith
moderation, not ^as if they were going to sell their own pos-
sessions, but %5 if they would guard it for their posterity.
3. He went off after selling these weighty matters for a
trifling gain. 4. Let any stranger who likes buy fuel from
day to day wholesale, and let him sell to the strangers as
much as he pleases and when he pleases. 5. On ^the 20th
day of the month, let there be a sale of animals, whatever
are to be bought and sold when requited. 6, ^Unconsciously
he had been corrupted and had sold himself. 7. The united
action of the Greeks has been sold. 8. '"Nay rather it is
now being sold. 9. He gave out that whoever should be
caught inside ^should he sold at once. 10. Touching "^articles
of sale let thus much suffice to have been said.
1 Showed (jrapex^) themselves moderate (fj.tTpios) . ^ws, with Fut. Participle.
^ rj uKOLS. * Sec Ex. xxxiii, 3. ^ /xey oZy. ® 3rd Fat. Passive. ' ra -Kpaa-iixa.
Irregular and Defective Greek Verbs. 25
Seventh Class. — A short Stem alternates ivith one
enlarged ly e.
EXERCISE XLIII.
alBiofjiai, to respect.
Verbal stem Future Aorist, as Middle
at8{€) alheaofiaL yheaOrjv
N.B. — r]head[Mrjv is very rare in Prose, only occurring in
Demosthenes, and only in the legal sense of pardoning.
I. He neither respects man nor reverences God. %.^Though
it was in his power to take vengeance he did not kill him but
shewed respect to his misfortunes. 3. "IVhile demanding
satisfaction they were respecting them. 4, Must we respect
the wicked and overbearing ? 5. On the contrary we must
punish them, for no one would respect you if you overlooked
^their sinnins-
•&'
(^6v. - fiera^v. ' Say, " them sinning."
EXERCISE XLIV.
d'x^BofxaL, to he vexed.
Verbal stem Fut^ire Aorist Fut. Pass., used as Mid.
a')(6{€) ayBkao\i.aL r]')(6e(T6riv a-s(6ea6i](TOfiat,
I. The Spartans failing in their object were secretly vexed.
2. You will not be vexed if I say this ? 3- I will not be vexed
that you do so. 4. The mass of the citizens, indignant at
the personal habits of Alcibiades, entrusted the conduct of
the war to others, and these after no long time ruined the
state. 5. He had no objection ^to their entrusting the com-
mand to another. 6. He ordered '^any to go away who did
not mind doing so.
' Genitive of Participle. ^' Stco fii), with Optative : construction as
in ^ovKofxivcf iari.
4
26 Exercises on the
EXERCISE XLV.
^ovKofiai, to wish.
Ytrlal stem Future Aorist Perfect
/3ouX /3ovX7]cro/xai i^ouX-qOrjv ^6^ov\r)fJ,at,
N.B. — rj/SovXofirjv, r}^ov\r}9riv are only found in later Attic,
as in fieXXco and Suvaixac.
I. Do you wish us ^io read this? 3. I divine what he
wishes. 3. I don't know what yonr words mean. 4. We
will do this should it be ^171 accordance with your wish.
5. Let them go if they wish it. 6. Let each act as he has
willed and resolved. 7. ^What in the world were we wishing
that we came to this ? 8. "*/ could have wished this to happen.
' Subjunctive. - If it be to you wishing. ^ Say, " Suffering what."
^ Imperfect with &v.
EXERCISE XLVI.
BeofjLat, to want.
Verbal stem. Future Aorist Perf. Pass. Aorist Pass
Be Bei]ao/jiai iSerjad/xriv BeBirj/jiaL eBerjdrjv
N.B. — Bew, to need or lack, is conjugated similarly^ but is 1
common : its Impersonal use, Bel, is most frequent.
I. How many minse does he need? 3. I need two ^talents
and a half. 3. He stands in need of none of the things
which others need. 4. They were not in want of lawgivers.
5. But they will want them if they do not ""improve. 6. Those
informers wanted punishment. 7. Have you ever required a
physician? 8.^7 hope I may not want one yet. 9. They
said they "^should want one hereafter. 10. He tries to help all
who are in need as far as he can.
ess
' Say, "the third a half -talent." ^ emdiSovai in\ t? /SeArioj/.
* firjirw, with Optatiye. ■• Future Optative.
Irregular and Defective Greek Verbs. 37
EXERCISE XLVII.
fj,d)(^ofjbai, to Jight.
Verbal stem Future Aorist Perfect
t^ciX fia')(ovixa(, efia^eadfirjv fM€fMd')(r)fxac
I. The contest is })ainful at first if any one fight against
appetites and desires. 3. May you fight through life against
folly. 3. They will fight at first against a smaller number,
but afterwards with the part which has not yet fought.
4. Let us remember those who fought at Marathon.
5. Honourable men must contend for the prize of valour.
EXERCISE XLVIII.
olojxai, to think.
Verhal stem Futv/re Aorist
ol olrjaojxai anjOrjV
I. I think you have heard before of the beginnings of ^our
British constitution. 2. How long a time do you think a
House of Commons as it now is has existed ? 3. It is 212
years now since the merchant and the trader were elected
senators equally with the ^nobles. 4. I did not suppose we
had to teach you this. 5. Whom do historians consider the
cause of this change? 6. Whom else must we consider but
Simon, the great cham[)ion of the people? 7. The ^true
patriot will think it right to prefer calumniations and dangers
and even death to disgrace. 8. Yes^ and wherever he sup-
poses he can be of any use he will be present. 9. One '^must
think so. 10. Who would have thought that such great
changes would happen as we have seen ^ivitJi our oivn eyes?
II. Do not fancy that it is '^possible for any one to pass
through life without seeing many things happen contrary to
his expectations.
1 7) evedSe. ' ol ei/TraTplSai. ' Adverb. •* Verbal. '^ avroi. " ivSexea-Qai,
repeat the Negative.
28 Exercises on the
EXERCISE XLIX.
pea), to flow.
Verlal stem
Future Aorist
Perfect
pv
pevcro/jiai eppevaa
ippvrjKa
In Attic pui]aofiat In Attic ippvrjv
is more used is more used
I. According to Heraclitus, all things are in a constant
state of flux. a. Fountains of pure waters are always flowing
from Mount Ida. 3. If the river were to flow still nearer, all
the houses would be flooded. 4, What a stream of words do
we hear pouring down. 5. When the Asopus was flowing
'^with a strong current it was not easy to cross it. 6. Don^t
try to answer him when he is speaking insolently and rushing
on ^ivith a torrent of speech. 7. Have you ever seen the^con-
Uuence of two rivers ? 8. The lava-flood burst from ^tna
before the Athenians started for Sicily. 9. This eruption
took place fifty years after the former one, and Hn all there
were said to have been three eruptions from the time that
Sicily was colonized by the Greeks. 10. Will there be an
eruption this year ?
' ixfjtts. ^ vo\'us. ^ Particijjlo of compound with aw. ' rh ^vixirav.
EXERCISE L.
')(aipo), to rejoice.
Yerhal stem Future Aorist Perfect
')(ap ')(aiprjcro3 e')(a.priv Ke^dprjKa
Ke')(cipi] jxai
Ke)(^ap/jiac
(none of them used in Fiose)
I. Men of indolent minds, before they have found out in
what way they shall have their wish, delight Vo detail what
they are going to do when their wish has taken place.
2. Would you not take delight in the greatest pleasures ?
Irregular and Defective Greek Verbs. 29
3. Does not the community of pleasure and pain bind the
citizens together,, when they all rejoice and grieve alike?
4. A carpenter when ill^ if any one were to prescribe him a
long (course of) diet, would say good-bye to this sort of
physician, and would either, entering on his usual ^course of
Life, hegahi his health and do his business, or would be set
free from his troubles by death. 5. To your cost you shall
make me a laughing-stock. 6. The two men were half-dead
with laughing and clapping of hands and rejoicings. 7. Fare-
well to such praise as this. 8. You would be ashamed to do
whatever you are ^pleased to hear as comic representations.
9. He has often rejoiced ^at your success and now you will
rejoice at his victory.
^ Participle. - S/aixa. ^ Say, "becoming whole (vyn']s) would do."
■* Sabjanctive of x^'f"^ '■ f°i' ^° hear use the Participle. '' eV/.
EXERCISE LI.
wveofiai, to liuj (defective).
Verlal stem Future Aorist Perfect Aor. Pass.
cove wvrjaofjuai (borrowed) icovi^/xac io)P)]driu
i7rpLdfxr]v deponent and occasionally
sometimes used
passive
1. They were buying provisions at the market. 2. At
what price will you- buy this slave ? 3. I would not purchase
him at any price. 4. Another man came up and bought
him. 5. The ^purchaser will repent. 6. You bought the
customs last year. 7. If I buy them again I shall do it
2/0 my cost. 8. A national force is preferable to a ^mercenary
one.
' Perfect Participle. ^ See Ex. xxi, 5. ^ Verbal.
30 Exercises on the
EXERCISE LII.
Q)deco, to push.
Verbal stem Future Aorist Perf. Act. Perf. Pass. Aor. Pass,
did wo-ft) ewcra none in use ecoafxat eotxrOrjv
This \tvh takes the syllabic augment in Attic.
I. The Spartans used to thrust malefactors headlong into
the pit called Caiadas. 2. Will they thrust these men out of
the state into exile ? 3. Boars when (hard) pressed are in
the habit of ^rushing on the spears. 4. They will shew
themselves most base if this truce be hejected. 5. The
Athenians received the charge of the Corinthians and drove
them back from themselves with difficulty. 6. We have
been ^thrust aside by all, all round — Plataeans though we be.
7. If they had been ^dr'weji out sooner, the state would have
been safer. 8. It was difficult to the commanders to check
the soldiers who were forcing their way on to the front.
' b^ddi €l(j.i, with the Dative. ^ Compound with airi. ^ Compound
with irepl. * Compound with eK.
Eighth or Mixed Class — {Wliere several essentially
diffcrevl Stems lunte to form one Verb.)
EXERCISE LIII.
a'lpeoi, to take ; conquer ; elect, etc.
Mid., to choose.
Verhal stem Future Aorist Perfect Perf. Pass. Aor. Pass,
aipe aipr^cro) elXov rjprjKa rjprnxai rjpidrjv
eX
I. Envy has been the death of many good men and I think
will be (of many more). 2,. Alcibiadcs conquered ^at the
Olympian games, and was second and fourth. 3. The mother
of Agesilaus was congratulated that on the same day on
which they were born, one of her sons took by land the
enemies forts, and the other their ships and dockyards.
Irregular and Defective Greek Verbs. 31
4. When he had been elected admiral, he immediately sailed
'^to Tissaphernes. 5. We must accept as ruler whomsoever
the citizens elect by common consent. 6. Would you not
prefer to die many times before you became unjust ? 7. The
just man according to Socrates prefers justice to the greatest
sovereignty. 8. What man do you suppose will choose an
inglorious life at home ^ivhen he may contend for his country
with honour ? 9. We needs must choose the noblest, when
we see it.
* Neuter Accusative Plural. - if, because it is to a person. ^ ^\6v.
EXERCISE LIV.
eTTo/iat,, to follow (governing the Dative).
Yerhal stem Future Aorist
kiT e-^Ofxai eairofirjv
o-(e)7r
I. If you are following me, you will see. 2. Follow me
hither. 3. Let us follow the two whither they lead. 4. The
strangers were following the guide. 5. Attend to what follows
after this. 6. Let them dwell in the city as long as they
follow after justice and piety. 7. You did not follow, ^as it
flpp^-ar^y, what was said just now. 8. Let us now examine
ivhat ^are the arts ^attendant upon music.
' Say, " as you appear." - The arts. ..what they are. ^ Componnd with aii/.
EXERCISE LV.
e^oi, to have.
Yerhal stern Future Aorist Perf. Act. Per/. Pass. Aor. Pass.
^X ^^^ ea^ov €cr)(r]Ka e<T')(rifiaL icr)(eOr]v
I. Have you that book which he had yesterday? 2. I used
to have it, but I shall have it no longer. 3. Will he have
32 Exercises on the
authority? 4. ^Give him authority. 5. Let them have
authority. <5. He has hhewn himself a good citizen. 7. Have
these things been ^provided ? 8. This famous acropoHs was
^occupied by the Persians. 9. He did not ^suffer him to speak.
10. We must Hear this. 11. ^Stop a Httle while. la. Each of
you will ^share the glory of what is done. 13. I hope the
traitors may not ^share these blessings. 14. Supposing these
^share them we shall have very little.
1 Compound with Trapa. "^ Coraponncl with /cot a. ^ Compound with avi,
Aor. Middle. ^ Compound with iirt. ^ Compound with ft.(:Ti.
EXERCISE L V I.
opao), to see.
Verhol stem Future AoHst Perfect Perf. Pass. Aor. Pass.
6pa o'^ofxai el8ov eoopaKa eoypa/jbai, b)(f)dr]v
IS and eopuKa
OTT chiefly in comic poets
N.B. — The Middle Voice is often used in Compound Verbs
with an Active sense. Use it in the last three sentences.
I. Have you seen the spy who was seen here last
year ? 2. I saw him yesterday^ and shall try to see him
to-morrow. 3. He will then have been seen thrice. 4. I had
seen him several times before he came back. 5. Why do you
wish to see him ? 6. Because I should accuse him if I saw
him again. 7. He has now been seen so often that ^it is
evident he is hired by the enemy. 8. When I am on horse-
back (says a Persian in Xenophon) I have this advantage
over the Centaur : for he used to ^look before him with two
eyes and used to hear with two ears ; but I see before me
with four eyes and perceive through four ears. 9. We must
ever ^be on our guard against carelessness and idleness.
10. If we were to '^viiiv with suspicion the enemies who are
being left behind us, hve should he sajer in our campaigns.
1 Personal construction with S^Aos and Participle. " Compound with ■i:p6.
* Compound with irepi. ^ Compound with vir6. ^ Say, wc should take the
field ((7Tporevo/*aj) more safely.
Irregular and Defective Greek Verbs. 33
EXERCISE LVII.
rpe-xpi, to run.
Verhal stem Future Aorist Per/. Act. Perf. Pass.
Tpe')(^ Spafiov/Mac eSpa/xov SeSpd/JbrjKa SeSpdfirifjbaL
Bp€fl
For the Present and Imperfect deoo is used, and Oeva-o/xat is
also found. With Spofiw, 6elv is preferred to rpe^eiv
or Spafietv.
I. If they run faster in the course, they will perhaps ^get
Jirst to the goal. 2. He is running for his Hife, — he will run as
fast as he can. 3. We ran well to-day, but yesterday those
athletes ran much better. 4. The whole course has been run.
5. They had run down to the Piraeus. 6. You must run
round the Ceramicus twice a day, if you wish for health.
7. He was ^within one bout of carrying off the victory. 8. The
really good runners, as many as run to the end, are likely
to be crowned. 9. It is '^like a child to run as nearly as
possible into danger.
^ (pddvfiy, with Participle of cupiKveoixai. ^ irtpt, for life do not use $los, but
^vxfl. ' Tap' eV irdXaicrfJLa,. * irp6?, with Genitive.
Second Principal Conjugation. — Verbs in /uli.
First Class, where jxl is joined directly to Verhal Stem,
EXERCISE LVII I.
eTriaTapbat, to know.
Verbal stem Future Aorist Verhal Adjective
eiTLara i7rta'W]aop,aL rjirLarr^Oriv i7rL(7Tr]T6<i
I. Do you know this song ? 2. You both of you know it
better than these. 3. When I know it I will sing it. 4. You,
Socrates, used to know it, 5. If any one had known how
to use the book well he would have been wiser. 6. I shall
know it to-morrow. 7. Know it to-day, before you go away.
6
34 Exercises on the
8. You know it yourself. 9. ^This is matter of opinion, but
cannot be scientifically known. 10. Let those live on land,
whoever do not know how to swim. 11. This is not hard to
one who knows all handicrafts.
^ Use the Verbals of 5o{afw and iirla-ranai in this sentence.
EXERCISE LIX.
i7]fMi, to send.
Verbal stem Future TVcaTc Aor. Perfect Perf. Pass. Aor. Pass.
€ ■^(Tco rjKU in the {a<j))elKa {a(j))et/u,ai {d(f))ed7]v
Singular. In Compound Verbs the Strong
Aorist in Dual and Plural, e.g. a<^eiTov,
a(f)eLTr]v.
I. Who utters these words ? 3. The Sirens utter a very
sweet sound. 3. They threw themselves down on the snow
into the glen. 4. Did you ^understand what you read ? 5. If
you were to Het go the opportunity you would be ruined.
6. The past has been ^let alone. 7. How many tears do you
think I ^shed) 8. The slave will have been Released. 9. A
bad archer shoots and misses the mark. 10. Let them go
a.-w2iy ^set free from fear. 11. The senate having been Vw-
missed we may go away home.
^ Compound -with trvv. ' Compound with dnr6.
EXERCISE LX.
eJfiL, ilo.
Verbal stem Imperfect
I yetv, and rja, airfja
I. He was going out at last. 3. We will go down to the
Pirseus. 3. Shall I go up to the Pnyx ? 4. Let us go away.
5. Go away. 6. If we were to go it would be better. 7. He
went away after an interval. 8. Would that they may cross
the river. 9, Some Arcadians were going out against the
Spartans and sharing the plunder.
Use Compouads with ix, Hard, avi and a.ir6 throughout this Exercise,
Irregular and Defective Greek Verbs. 35
EXERCISE LXI.
ovivrjfii, to assist.
6vLvafj,at,, Mid. to reap lenejit.
Verbal stem Future Weak Aorist Strong Aorist
ova ovrjcroi oivrjcra covij/xtjv
ov^aofjiui, Mid. wvdfiTjv
(both forms rare in Indicative)
1. You benefit us with your ^constant advice. %. ^The laws
were of no assistance to the merchants. 3. He will benefit
others by becoming an example. 4. The rest seeing this are
benefited. 5. They were profiting by being punished. 6. So
then he profited after all by the shock he received. 7. May
you have joy of your children !
' Say, " always advising." ^ In this sentence use oK^eXe co, whicli
supplies the Im'perf. Act. of ovivi]fii.
Second Class oj Verhs in \ii. — Where vv is added
between the Verbal stem and /mi.
N .B. — Of these last two Verbs, the simple form of the first is very rarely,
and that of the second is never, used.
EXERCISE LXI I.
Kardyvvfit, to break.
Verbal stem Futtire Aorist Perfect Aor. Pass.
or/ Kard^co Karea^a Kariaya Karedyrjv
with Passive sense
I. Brasidas at Pylos bade his steersmen break their own
ships in forcing a landing. 2. If any one shall have broken a
lyre will the harmony perish? 3. The imitators of Spartan
fashions, says Protagoras, get their ears battered, in imitation
of them. 4. Boxers at the present day are spoken of rather
as among those who have had their heads or their noses
broken. 5. If he shall have fallen he will have broken his
collar-bone. 6. The girl wept when she looked at the broken
doll. 7. Take and break the shells of these almonds.
36 Irregular and Defective Greek Verbs.
EXERCISE LXIII.
afx(f)cevvvfji,i, to clothe.
Vei-hal stem Future Aorist Perf. Pass.
£9 or f€(; afM(f)i€cra) rj^i^leaa r/ficpieafiat
Attic CLfKpLco 'rj/j,<f)i€adfir)v
I. He stripped him of the small tunic, and put his own on
him. 2. Will he clothe evil deeds in good words ? 3. The
man who yesterday or the day before was a slave, walks about
in the suburbs dressed in a long flowing robe. 4. Socrates
used to go out when the frost was severe, with his bare feet
on the ice, and said, I am sufficiently clad. 5. The English-
man, who lately rode through the interior of Asia, had on an
'^astonishing amount of clothing, for . the winters there are
tremendous.
' Say, "had been wonderfully clothed."
37
VOCABULARY.
Accept, to, d^^ob£Xo^^■al
Account, of a voyage, irepin^ovs
Accnse, to, KaT]]yope(o
Action, e'pyov
Advantage, to gain an, Trporepew — to
have, TrXcoveKrew
Admiral, vavapxos
Advise, to, vovdereo}, Trapaiveo)
Africa, Ai^vrj
Aid, with the aid of, <tvp, or, if he
will, 6eX(o
Allege, to, (j>d(TK(o
Almond, duvyBaXos, f}
Almost, oXiyov SetJ/, 07' oXiyov
Already, ijdr]
Altar, ^(oiios — at the, ^ap-ios
Ambition, honourable, ^tXort/xi'a
Angle, an, uyKuv
Appetite, ope^is
Arbitration, an, Biaira
Arcadian, 'ApKas
Archer, To^orrjs
Argue, to, diaXeyeadai
Argument, \6yos
Art, Tfx^^i
Ashes, (TTTodos, fj
Attend, to, Trpoaex^ "^^v vovv
Auburn, ^av66s
Authority, i^ova-ia
Bare feet, with, dwnobiiTos
Behind, to leave, vTroXfiVw
Blow, a, TrXr^yfj
Blue, Kvdveos
Boar, Kanpos
Boaster, dXa^uv
Bodily, (Tco/xartKo's
Boldly, Bappwv
Book, avyypa(f)r], ^i^Xos, 17
Bowl, a, (pldXr]
Boxer, nvKTrjs
Brave, dv8pe7os
Brick, a, irXbdos, r)
Calumniation, Bia^oXr]
Care, i.e. caution, fVi/xeXeta
Carelessness, padvp-la
Carpenter, t€kt(ov
Cattle, Tvpo^ara
Cause, a, ahla
Ceraraicus, KepafxtiKos, 6
Chair, 8l(j)pos
Champion, npoa-Tdrrjs
Change, fierajBoXr]
Cheat, to, aTraraw, cpfvaKi^u)
Check, to, dpeipya
Clap, to clap hands, Kporea ras xftpar
Collar-bone, KXeis, tj
Colonize, to, oIkiCod
Combustible, elements, to. Kava-ifia
Comic, representation, j}art. pass, of
KapaBeo)
Commander, arpaTriyos
Common weal, the, t6 koivov
Commons, House of, to (BovXfvrijpiov
Confute, to, fXe'yxco
Congratulate, to, fiaKapiCo
Connected, to be, Koivcoufu
Consider, to, o-KeTTToiMai
Constitution, TroXireia
Content, to be, dyandco, (TTtpya
Contest, a, dyav
Contrary, to, irapd, with acciis.
Corcyrsean, KepKvpalos
Corrupt, to, 8ia<p6fipa)
Court, a, {i.e. the jurors), 01 BtKacrrai
Course, SpopLos
Cousin, dve\ln6s
38
Vocabulary.
Cowardice, SftX/a
Creator, Aj]niovpy6s, or 6 Kricras
Creature, living, ^aov
Crew, avbpes
Criminal, a, a'lnos 07' participle of
ocfAicTKava}
Cross, to, dia^alveiv
Culture, rpocfyri — pay for, to. Tpo<pe7a
Cunning, rex^f]
Curse (pollution), ayos, to
Customs (dues), rtXr)
Cut down, to, KaTaKOTTTO)
Dawn, early, opQpos ^a6vs
Decay, to, KaTaarjironai
Decisive (with no decisive result),
cinpaKTos
Decree, to pass a, ylrrjcptCopai
Demand, to, aTratrew
Description, use the concrete, * a de-
scriber,' avyypacjieiis — to describe,
dirjyovpai
Deserting, XmoTu^iov
Desj^air, dnovoia
Desire, iinOvpla
Destiny, balpav
Detail, to, Bu^eifii
Difterent, to be, x^P's to M^" — '''° ^''
Direction, in this, Tairr], ivravBa
Disappoint, to, o-(jE)aXX«
Discourse, \6yoi
Disgrace, alaxvvr]
Display, magnificent, ptyaXonpeiTeia
Distressed, to be, axdopai, of physi-
cal toil, (Tvvexopai
Divine, to, pavrevofjLai
Dockyard, veapiov
Doll, 8ayvs, v8os, rj
Domesticate, to, Tidaa-eiico
Dream, a, ovap to
Drink-offering, a, x*""'
Drop, to, Kara/3dXAa)
Dull, dpl3Xvs
Dyer, 3a(j)€vs
Elevated, Koiicpos
Empire, upxr) — to exercise, apx(o
Encouraging, napaKXrjTiKos
Engineer, apxiTixrcav
Englishman, "kyyXos
Enthral, to, KaraSeo)
Entrust, to, iiTiTpeivai
Envy, (pdovos
Equally, e| lo-ov, with dative
Eruption, pevjxa or pva^, with the
verb pea
Example, 7rapdSety/*a
Excuse, to, (TvyyivdxTKco
Exile, (pvyfj
Expectation, eXnis
Expedition, a-Tparfia
Expensive, 8a7rav7]p6s
Paction, aTacns
Fade away, to, d7ropapaivop,ai
Fallaciously, o-oipiaTiKcos
Famous, XapTrpos, fvdoKipos
Favour, to do a, x^P'" 8pda
Favourable, for navigation, 7r\d)'ipos,
— of a breeze, ovpios — favourably,
TTpdais
Flood, to, Sta/3pex«
Fool, papos, dv6r)T0S
Folly, papla, avoia
For, (on behalf of), virep, with ^^«.
Force, {i.e. army), orrpardy, ^vvapis,
— to force, ^tdCopai
Forenoon, dyopd 7r\r)6ova-a
Fort, reixoy, retxto-jtio
Fountain, rrrjyri
Freedom, tXevOfpla
French, the, ol TaXdrai
Front, the, t6 npoadev
Frost, ndyos
Fuel, (ppvyava, or ^vXa Kavaipa
Fugitive, (pvyds
Future, for the, ds t6u vcrrepov xpdvov
Gain, KepBos, Xrjppa
Garland, to wear a, (XTt^avovpai
Garment, IpcTiov
General, (TTpaTr)y6s
Girl, Koprj
Goal, /3aX/3iy, Idas, r]
Glen, vdrn]
Good, no, ovbip 6(jit\os
Vocabulary.
39
Guard, to, ^vXdcrcro)
Guilty, aiTios
Habits, iiTLTi)hev^iaTa, f^eis
Handicraft, brj^iovpyia
Handle, to, aTTTOfiai, genitive
Hare, Xaywy, 6
Harm, no, ovtkv inK^Oovov
Harmony, aptxovla
Headlong, eVt Kec^akf^v
Health, iyUia, de^ia
Help, to, wcpeXea, withacCHS., (TrapKea,
with dat.
Hereafter, va-Tepov
Hire, to, p,Lcr6ovpat.
Historian, avyypacpevs
Honour, to kqAov
Horseback, on, e'(^' Ittttov
Horrors, say " what (ocra) they
suffered "
House, a, oiKi'a
How many, iroVof — how often,
TToaaKis
Humanity, ties of, (fiiKavOpania
Hunger, Xt/ixdy
Hurdle, piyjr, piwos, rj
Ice, Kpva-raWos
Idleness, dpyia, padvp-ia
Ignorant, dp.a6r]s
Illness, vocros, fj
Imitate, to, pipovp,ai — to imitate
Spartan fashions, XaKcovl^a
Impossible, it is, ovk ecrd' onws
Inaccessible, ajSaTos
Income, ovaia, npog-nSos, rj
Incur peril, to, alpopai Kivbvvov
Incredulous, amarTos
Indictment, ypatpr/
Indolent, dpyos
Infamy, abo^ia
Informer, n-qwTTjs
Inglorious, aKXerjs, aSo^os
Inheritance, KKrjpos,
Injustice, to commit an, dBiKea
Innocent, avairios
Inquire, to, e^eTu^co
Insignificant, Tanfivoi
Insolent, da-eXyrjs
Instrument, opyavov
Intelligence, (ppovrja-is
Interior, pea-oyeia
Intei'val, after an, StaXwrcoi'
Invoke, to, tTriKoXovpaL
Involuntarily, aKova-ias
Jerusalem, ra 'lfpoa6\vpa
Just now, apri
Land, on, ;^e/D(7atos
Lauding, a, aTro^aa-is
Lawgiver, vopoBirris
Lawsuit, bUrj
Lava-flood, 6 pva^ tov irvpos
Layer, eVt/SoX^
Lead, white, yp^tp-udiop
Least, at the, to ye tXd^^icrTov
Leg, (TKeXos, TO
Leisure, o-^oXtj
Let, to, picrdoo)
Liable, ohs, with infiti. —io ti'ial,
fvoxos, with dative
Likely, it is, eiVo'y cVrt Avith iiifn.,
or Kivbvvevo} generally used j^er-
sonally, sometimes impersonally ;
also peWa
Look on and allow, to, nepiopdv
Magistrate, opxcov
Magnificent display, peyakoTvpiireia
Malefactor, naicovpyos
Manslaughter, trial for, ^ovikoX bUai
Marathon, hero of, Mapa6(i>vop.dxr]s
Mark, o-kottos
Market-place, dyopd
Mass, 7rkr]dos
Master (of a slave), Seo-TroV^jf
Mean, to, ^ovXopai, voeoi
Meet, to, irpocTTvyxdvci
Merchant, i'pTropos
Mina, pvd
Mind, diuvoia, voxJs
Misfortune, drvxia
Moment, in a, (v6vi, avTiKa — at this
moment, eV tw napdvTi
Month, prjv, 6
40
Vocabulary.
Murderer, <^ovevs
Music, rj fiovaiKT}
National, ohflos
Near, as, as possible, ort iyyvrara
New-fangled, koivos
Nose, pis, pivos, T]
Nonsense, to talk, (pXvapfco
Oath, an, opKos
Obey, to, TTfidoiiai
Object, ^ovKrjcris
Occasion, on eacli, kudaroTe
Offence, ap.dpTrjp.a
Officer, VTrrjpeTi]!
Opinion, 86^a
Orator, prjrcop
Order, to, eViTeXXw, KeXeva
Ostracise, to, oa-TpaKi^co
Overbearing, vneprjcpavos
Overlook, to, neptopda)
Painful, eTTirrovos, Xvjrrjpos
Palace, ^aa'iKeiov
Pang, -rrddos
Partnership, awovaia
Pass, to, Sidyeiv, the past, to. napoi-
Xopfva
Penalty, to pay, BUrfv or bUas didomi
People, the, 6 BrjfjLos
Perform, to, eVtreXew
Perhaps, icrwy
Persons, a-afxaTa
Personal, 'idios
Piety, eixre^eia
Piraeus, Tleipaievs
Pit, a, ^dpadpov
Plant, a, (fivrov
Platsean, a, nXaraievs
Pleasure, f]8oPTj
Plunder, to, StapTrafco, Xrji^ofiai —
subst. apnayf], Xet'a
Possible, as soon as, ws rdxiara
Posterity, oi tTriyiyvofievoi
Practise, to, einTrjBevQ)
Preferable, aiperuTtpos
Press on, to, cVei'yo^ai
Price, Xdyoj
Prisoner, alxp-dXaros
Prize of valour, ra dpia-Tela
Probably, use Kivdwevco. See Likely
Properly, rd xprjpara, or rot vndpxovra
Proportion in, oaw, with comparative,
followed by another comparative,
with Toa-ovTcd
Provided, to be well, evnopeoi, with
genitive
Provisions, rd emTrjBeia
Prudent, ao}(pp<ov
Public service, a, Xeirovpyia
Punish, to, KoXdfo)
Pure, dyvos
Purpose, yvaypiri
Purposely, eni,Trj8es
Put out to sea, to, dpdyopiai
Quarter, from any other, aWodev
Question, questioning, rd ipcoTa-
fifva, epurrja-Ls, further question,
TO eTrepcoTap-evov
Quiet, fjavxia
Quit of, to be, dir-aWdrrea-dai
Rate, at any, yovv
Rational principle, the, to Xoyia-TiKdv
Read, to read, dvayivauKa
Really, T<p 6Vrt
Recover, to, dva^ioa
Reflect, to, ivvoovp.ai
Relations, oi oIk^Ioi, oi TrpoarjKovTes
Remediable, idaipos
Repent, to, peTopeXei impersonal,
with gemtive of things and dative
of persons
Reputation, to have, boKtiv or ho^au
ex^i-v, Xtyopai,
Require, to, deopai
Resolve, to, Trpoaipovfiai.
Result, with no decisive, anpaKTos,
the result has been, (rvp^fj3r]Ke
Retreat, a, use the Verb to retreat,
dvaxa>pe(0
Reverence, to, a-e^opai
Ride, to, 6<^' Ittttov Tropevtadai
Robe, a long, ^vo-tIs
Vocabulary
41
Eoll, muster-roll, KaroKoyos
Kuiu, tOj o-(^dXXci), oTToXXv/it
Eunner, a, 8po[i(vs
Safe, atr^aXijf
Satisfaction, SiVr/ or StKot
Scorpion, a-KopTrlos
Self-sown, avTO(f)vr]S
Sell, to, TTlTTpUaKCO
Senator, ^ovXevrrjs
Senselessly, dXoy/orws
Service, evepyevla, a public service,
Xeiroupyia
Severe, heivos
Share, to have a, fiertx'^
Shell (husk), KeXv<^os
Shock, to receive a, vapKua
Shop-keeper, kuttt^'Kos
Shortly, ^paxtas, Sta ^paxfov
Shrewdness, dyxtVoia
Signal, a, a-Tjuelov
Skilful, Bfivos
Snow, x"""'^ V
Social union, 6/inXia
Song, aafia, to
South, the, voTos
Sovereignty, ^acriXela
Spear, Xdy^'?
Spectacle, Gea, deoiprjo-is
Spectator, dearris
Stand a trial, to, Kptaiv inoaxflv
Start, to, 6pp.S)p.a(,
Startle, to, (Kir'KTja-cro)
Steersman, Kv^epvriTTjs
Sting, KevTpov
Storm, x^'Mw"
Strange, aronos
Stupid, ayvafxav
Suburb, npodareiov
Successful, to be, to bring to a suc-
cessful issue, KaTop66<i>, active and
neuter
Suffer, to (of a sickness), Ku/xro)
Sufficient, sufficiently, iKavos, Uavcos
Suppliant, iKfTTjs
Sure, to be, /xeXXw, to be sure (ad-
verb), TTc'lVTCiiS TTOV, KUl fJioXa
Surely (in. an oath), jJ nfjv
Swim, to, vfoi), vqxofiai — swimmingly,
goes on, say "sails with (Kara)
the wind "
Sympathize, crui/aXyeo)
Symplegades, at 'SifniK-rjydBfs
Teacher, 8i8d(TKa\os
Temple, vewr
Tend, to, Teium
Tender to (of an oath), StSo'mt
Thank-offering, x"-pi-^'''hp^o^
Thin, XiTTTos
Think, right to, d|ida)
Thoughts, vovs
Time, in good, eiy <aip6v
To-morrow, v avpiov
Too great for, p.ei^(ov fj Kara
Touch, the, im^oXri
Traitor, TrpoboTrjs
Trader, KanrjXos
Treat well, ti nouco — be treated well,
fi irdaxd)
Tribute, (j)6pos
Trifling, fxtKpos, (pihavpos
Trireme, Tpirjprjs, t]
Troubles, irpdyixaTa
Tremendous, heivos
Tiy, to, TreCpafxat
Tunic, xiTw''
Unfriendly, dvavovs
United action, Koivavia
Unprepared, dirapdaKevos
Urn, Xe/37/s, 6
Use, o<^iKos, TO
Vain, in, /^drTji/— a vain boaster,
Vengeance, to take, n/iw/aoO/xai
Violence, /3ia, ^laiov ti
Viper, exis, 6
Vote, a, t/A?j0os, fj
I Wall, Telxos
Walk, to, /3aSifo), TTtpinaTeco — a walk,
TrepLTraros, 6
Wanting, iXXcnijs
42
Vocabulary.
"Way to make, jrepaiveiv — in the same
way, Tavrd — in many ways, ttoX-
"Kaxn
Wealthy, TrXova-ios
Weighty, Seirds
Well-provided, to be, einopeu
White, XevKos
White-lead, ^ifj.v6tov
Wholesale, d6p6os
Winter, x^<-l^^^
Wool, fpiov
Wonderful, 6avp,a<TT6s
Writings, ypap.iJ.aTa, (Tvyypacpai
Year, iviavros — this year, t^tcs —
last year, nepva-i
Yesterday, x^«s — the day before,
nparjp
Youth, a, fifipaKiou, veauias
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