THE LIBRARY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES ,B.,AcW IV" ROWE SHORTHAND COMPOSED OF THE PRINCIPLES AND RULES OF NEW RAPID SHORTHAND NEW AND REVISED EDITION ARRANGED BY CHARLES G. REIGNER, A.B., LL.B. THE H. M. ROWE COMPANY BALTIMORE SAN FRANCISCO COPYRIGHT 1888 C. E. McKEE COPYRIGHT 1889 C. E. McKEE COPYRIGHT 1900 AND 1907 SADLER-ROWE Co. COPYRIGHT 1915 BY THE H. M. ROWE Co. COPYRIGHT 1917 BY THE H. M. ROWE Co. COPYRIGHT 1920 BY THE H. M. ROWE Co. R JL1 HISTORICAL Until 1915 ROWE Shorthand had been known since its first publication in 1888 as New Rapid Shorthand. The title was changed as it appears in this book for the following reasons: (a) the agreement at the time the title to the copyright was purchased by the present publisher does not permit the name of the original author to appear except on the copyright page, (b) the word "New" in the original title is no longer appropriate in connection with a system that has been in constant use for 2 considerably more than a quarter of a century, and (c) it is M obvious that since rapidity is claimed for all systems, the word c "Rapid" in the old title now has no special significance. For c these reasons it seemed preferable to identify the present text D with the name of the house publishing it. In his preface written in 1889 the author says: "The history SJ of the past proves that a system of brief writing has been the in demand of the ages. That this demand still exists is too obvious to need assertion. When we realize what a small percentage of the multitudes who yearly take up the study of shorthand make a success of it, we begin to see the need of an improvement 3 in this line of human achievement. This recognized necessity for a simple, practical system of brief writing one that can be learned and put into daily use by the masses, without devot- ing years of study and practice to this one study alone is what inspired the author in his efforts to develop the present system." IV HISTORICAL In his introduction in the same text he says: "What the world is demanding today is a system that can be easily learned, is as legible as print, and can be written rapidly. Illegibility has been the most glaring defect of all systems of shorthand writing. This great deficiency, together with others, so painfully realized by the author in past years, accounts for the existence of this system." These statements show how clearly the author understood what he wished to accomplish in inventing a system of short- hand, but he wrought better than he knew. It was not per- mitted that he should see or perhaps realize the wonderful possibilities of the system he created a system so perfect in the basic elements of its construction that its alphabet and principles stand today substantially as he left them. It should be remembered that ROWE Shorthand is no experi- ment. Originally the work of a remarkable genius in shorthand creation, it has been refined in the crucible of experience at the hands of those who are masters of the subject. Since its first publication the system has been continually under the hammer of a searching criticism that was intended to finally produce the finest and the most perfect system of shorthand that could be invented. Its quality which, we believe, fully justifies the strong claims we make for it, will be quickly discovered by any one who will take the trouble to investigate it. H. M. ROWE PREFACE In the construction of the alphabet and abbreviating prin- ciples of ROWE Shorthand all the available stenographic ma- terial was utilized in the largest possible measure, with the result that the system is characterized by extraordinarily few arbitrary forms and a remarkably high degree of inherent legibility. In this presentation of the system the fullest use has been made of those methods in the teaching of shorthand which have lately come to be recognized as thoroughly sound and progressive. One is "dictation from the beginning." "Theory" and "practice" have been skillfully interwoven. From tht very beginning of his study the student applies his knowledge of the principles to the writing of connected matter. Beginning with the fourth lesson, each lesson contains letters and articles both in shorthand and in print. Visual impression is another very important matter at the beginning of the study of shorthand, and the fullest use of this recognized educational method has been made in this presen- tation of the system. The application of every writing rule is thoroughly illustrated when it is stated. A review exercise in each lesson, consisting of words miscellaneously arranged, serves to sum up all the principles taught in the lesson. Read- ing and writing exercises, consisting of words, sentences, letters, and articles, lead the student step by step to the writing of general matter. Frequent review tests, including questions on principles and test words and phrases, make it possible at regular intervals to check the student's knowledge and progress. VI PREFACE This varied and constructive type of illustrative material in the text eliminates waste effort in the study of shorthand. The shorthand script forms in the book are photo-engravings from pen-written outlines. The book teaches an easy, flowing style of shorthand instead of placing before the student lifeless outlines drawn with geometrical exactness. Simplicity, legibility, and facility are the outstanding char- acteristics of ROWE Shorthand. We confidently believe that this new presentation makes it possible for students to learn the system in the simplest and most direct manner. THE H. M. ROWE COMPANY ABOUT SHORTHAND An average of thirty words a minute represents practically the maximum speed at which legible longhand can be written. Many of the characters of the longhand alphabet require three, four, and even five strokes to write them. It is thus quite impossible to record speech in longhand at the ordinary rate of utterance. It is for that reason that shorthand has been devised. Each character in the shorthand alphabet is written with a single stroke and in that one respect alone shorthand greatly reduces the tune and labor required to write words. Shorthand, however, differs from longhand in that it is con- cerned with the sounds heard in the pronunciation of words rather than with their spelling. It follows that in writing short- hand you will omit all silent letters because they have no sound. Shorthand, instead of providing a character for each of the twenty-six letters in the longhand alphabet, provides a character for each sound in our language. You must thus learn to think of words as being combinations of sounds. The signs which stand for the sounds in a word, when joined together, produce the shorthand outline for that word. When you read and transcribe a shorthand outline, you must translate the sounds which it represents into the longhand spelling of the word. You can see from this why it is unnecessary in shorthand to provide a sign for c. This letter is sometimes pronounced as s and sometimes as k. When pronounced as s, the stenographer, writing according to sound, uses the shorthand sign for s; when 1 2 ROWE SHORTHAND it is pronounced as k, he writes the shorthand sign for k. Again, shorthand provides a distinct sign for hard g as in get; the soft sound as heard in giant is actually the same sound as j in jet. Hence, the stenographer always represents the soft sound of g by the sign which stands for the sound of j. There are some simple consonant sounds in our language that require two longhand letters for their representation; the ch sound in the word check, for example, is actually a single consonant sound, and it is consequently represented in short- hand by a single stroke character. The sounds of our language are of two classes consonant and vowel. The vowels are a, e, i, o, and u. F is sometimes a vowel sound as in by and sometimes a consonant sound as in yonder. All the other sounds which we use in pronouncing words are consonants. Since shorthand provides a sign for each sound, the shorthand alphabet consists of more characters than the longhand alpha- bet. These characters consist of straight strokes and curves of different lengths, as well as circles and loops. The distinctions of form and length must be carefully observed so that there will be no difficulty in reading outlines. You can easily see that the distinction between the longhand e and the longhand / is one of size. That distinction must be preserved in order to write legibly. Exactly the same thing is true in shorthand. You will begin your study of shorthand by learning the short characters and the sounds which they represent. LESSON 1 THE SHORT CHARACTERS 1. In shorthand, words are written by sound exactly as they are pronounced. In the following words, for example, only the letters not crossed out are represented in shorthand. The letters crossed out are silent, hence they are not represented in the shorthand forms for the words. 2. Shorthand provides a character for each sound in the lan- guage. The characters are grouped according to length and form. The following are the short characters: R CH T TR \ I / / As heard in: rate c/zat /each trte NOTE: These cha acters are written downward. CH is called cliay. TR represents the combined consonant sounds of / and r as heard in such words as trade, trunk, etc. Such combined consonant sounds are called blends. TR is shaded and pronounced ter. T and R are pronounced as in the English alphabet. 3. These characters represent consonant sounds only. In or- der to make a consonant sound pronounceable, it is necessary 3 4 ROWE SHORTHAND to combine a vowel sound with the consonant sound. As there are five basic vowels, a, e, i, o, and u, so in shorthand there are five positions, one for each vowel, as shown in the following illustration: a 4. When a consonant sign (character) is written on one of these positions, the vowel sound of that position is pronounced and read immediately after the consonant. \Yrite the short characters on the vowel positions. Make them the same length as in the illustration. Pronounce aloud the syllables thus formed, using the long sound of each vowel with the consonant; thus, ra, rha, ta, tra, re, che, te, tre, etc. ra \ cha ' ta / tra / re...: s... che. ..i ____ te ____ /...tre..../. ri-- --\----chi---i ti /---tri----/-- ro'"v~ch(j--i to" V'tro -/ fu"\""chu i tu 7 tru" / NOTE: Characters placed on o-position should be written above the line; those on e-position, on the line; on /-position, through the line; on o-position, below and touching the line; and on w-position, just under and free from the line. Write from dictation: ti, ra, cho, tre, ro; ta, tri, cha, ru, te; tra, re, chu, ri, che; tro, tu, chi, tru. ROWE SHORTHAND 5 5. The sign representing the beginning consonant sound in a word is always written on the position of the first sounded vowel following the consonant. A sign following the first char- acter so written on position is joined without lifting the pencil. NOTE: The "long" sound of a vowel may be distinguished from the corresponding "short" sound by placing a heavy dot beside the con- sonant sign which is written on position to indicate such a following vowel. The dot is used to indicate "long" vowel sounds only in unfa- miliar or isolated words and in proper names. In ordinary cases its use is unnecessary. Practice the following words: ray ...\.. tea .../... rate ...>._ teach ...(... reach ...>, tore ....... roach ........ tire ...^... try --/-- tree ../.... 6. T is written upward after T, TR, and CH. tight ..^... tot ..^.. trait ..?... cheat ...K.. treat _... chat .?... WORD-SIGNS 7. A large proportion of all written and spoken language con- sists of a number of simple words repeated many times. In shorthand, a few of these words are not written in full but are ROWE SHORTHAND represented by some part of the complete outline. Such abbre- viated outlines are called word-signs. The following list should be thoroughly memorized. the ...!... are owe, owed, owing ....... at each ...i... it which -..(-.. to, too ..-,... such -.,... PHRASES 8. The outlines for many words and word-signs may be joined. Such joining is called phrase-writing. The following phrases consist of word-signs: owing to -;/ at it ..{'.. which are ... i... to it \ "it- such are ... 9. The following punctuation marks are used in shorthand: End of Sentence ..- x --- End of Paragraph .../... Comma ...... ROWE SHORTHAND READING EXERCISE Read and transcribe: ..&. ..'.....^..^...x... ^r ... WRITING EXERCISE Write in shorthand: Words 1 tray 6 tare 2 trot 7 rut 3 chew 8 true 4 toe 9 rich 5 trite 10 tore Sentences 1. The tot tore each tire. 2. Treat the rich right. 3. Teach each tot to chat. 4. Try to tear the tie. 5. Which tot wrote it? LESSON 2 THE MEDIUM CHARACTERS 10. The medium characters are double the length of the short characters: J D DR M F FR K KR I / / _ ^ ^ ^ _ jet due drear mate /ew free catch crate NOTE: J, D, and DR are written downward; M, F, FR, K, and KR are written forward, from left to right. DR, FR, and KR are blends; shade them only enough to distinguish them from the corresponding light characters. Practice as previously instructed (paragraph 4). J. a ... ...da ...... ( '. r . a . .... ."?}*.. 7 ...(*.. T7?../. ra ..^.J5. a . .^ '...^r*.^ je...l de ../...dre.. /. ..jnc..^^. _.fe. .. Jre. ./o.Jce ..v^-. .kre.v--r. ji----| di---/- --An---/-- -mi fi -^**- - fri --x^ -ki- ->^^^--kri- \u^ j o ... .. ...jy. ...... - l | ro -..^..- mo --_^...|- . v "iio"> N'lM>'"Ni^"kWSS' ju I d'u / dm ^ niu - - fu ^ ^ fru x ' ku v ^ kru ^, Write from dictation: ko, ma, di, fre, kru; dro, ju, ka, fa, kro; mu, de, fru, ja, ki; dre, mi, je, fra, du; kri, mo, dri, fo, ku; me, ke, fi, dru, jo; fro, da, fu, kre, fri; dra, fe, ji, kra. 8 ROWE SHORTHAND Practice the following words: day ../.. dray ./..., me .._ ditch .../... free ..^^.. creed .^.. mute could V ..\..-- made T7. catch ^i. door --.,-. rim 11. D (like T) is written upward after T, TR, CH, and J. See paragraph 6. trade _^_ jade ....... trod .... toad ...^.. jet * ...L. chide V- * T is written upward after J as well as after CH. 12. The suffix ing is represented by a light dot written at the end of the outline. riding ...x... writing ..^.. treading ..ts.[. reaching ..^.... cheating ...k'_ reading ...s... 10 ROWE SHORTHAND crutch might raft rough motor* fetching muff REVIEW EXERCISE chewed due reader* ^ . . . fife craft . ^~^7J.. drear tread .../<.... chief drifting ...^... Taft*< from -,-^-. Fred*' road .... . Joe** *TR and DR are used to represent the unaccented final syllables ter and der. ** Capitals should be indicated by two short dashes written under the outline. WORD-SIGNS half if for character company one do, dollar order, ordered . . . /. change, changed ...I... charge, charged ... I ... judge, judged . ... church ... ... today* ..^... immediate, immediately .. 7.. agent .U. * Today is written on a-position to distinguish it from the phrase to do. ROWE SHORTHAND 11 13. The is joined to a preceding word by a small retraced curve written on the under side of the sign. When a sentence begins with the, the dot must always be used. to the if the owing to the for the at the - - - - - to do the read the ..x... might the READ1NG EXERCISE Read and transcribe. Words Sentences .. 12 ROWE SHORTHAND WRITING EXERCISE Write in shorthand: Words 1 judging 7 raid 13 calf 2 fruit 8 cutting 14 dire 3 Dutch* 9 rammed 15 fatter 4 cried 10 dying 16 dredge* 5 ream 11 matched* 17 fed 6 dodge* 12 much 18 changing *What consonant in these words is silent and therefore not written in shorthand? Sentences 1. Could-the* judge ride to-the church? 2. The crew tried to ram-the raft. 3. Ovving-to-the charge for-the crate, the agent changed-the order 4. The judge ordered-the chief to catch-the cheat immediately. 5. Fred drew- the draft for-the order. 6. The agent changed-the order for-the motor. 7. Joe might try to change-the tire. 8. The agent immediately charged-the draft to-the judge. 9. The calf chewed-the fruit. 10. The raft may drift to-the ditch. * Words joined by a hyphen should be phrased in shorthand. LESSON 3 THE LONG CHARACTERS 14. The long characters are double the length of the medium characters. V S N H W L TH THR vote see net ha.t we lie thigh trough P PR Q X Y \ \ ; v. c pet pray quiet extra. yet NOTES: V, S, N, H, W, and L are written forward, from left to right: TH, THR, P, PR, Q, X, and Y are written dmvnward. TH is pronounced ith. THR ((her) and PR ' per) are blends and are shaded. When Z begins a word, it may be distinguished from S by placing a short dash above the stroke, thus: so Zoe The heavy sound of th as heard in "wrea///e" may be distinguished from the light sound as heard in "wreath" by placing a short dash beside the stroke, thus: wreath ^v - wreathe teeth .-^.. teethe In all ordinary cases these distinctions may be disregarded. 13 14 ROWE SHORTHAND Practice as previously instructed (paragraph 4). a,x^- - sa ^ na ha r wa -^ la ^^ tha~ pa pra \ qa. / ya ( ..we. .the. thre..^N..r pre...rs...qe...x: I---X--PH--- xe. .>> ..wi-.^i, . -xi- -\^ wo"" *: - prcr - -ya 7 "thu" vu ,, IHfij" su "pu nu pfii 'Hu yu / Write from dictation: pra, nu, he, wo, li; ve, xa, thro, hu, pi; se, tho, sa, thre, qi; yo, su, wa, thi, pe; no, vu, la, qe, xu: ya, vi, lu, tha, po; xi, we, va, yu, the; ni, so, thru, pa, le; qo, yi, pre, na, pu; si, lo, xe, pru, qa; xo, ye, hi, vo, qu; ne, pri, wu, thra, ho; wi, thu, pro, thri, ha. Write the following syllables: pet, wed, lot, hid, sod; nod, let, hat, truth, pad; wet, mix, lad, net, nuj; hej, vat, lej, set, lit. NOTE: Remember that it is always the first consonant sign in an out line which is written on position to indicate the following vowel. ROWE SHORTHAND 15 Practice the following words: view though say ..^7T^..... wait knee _ =.... letter i he ....^71.... extreme* ... we ...<<-..- voter suit next extra* quite** liquid** running rather ..... .). ______ * X is used to represent the initial syllable ex. ** For convenience of joining, T and D may be written upward after Q. 15. In order to make an easier joining, W and L are slightly retraced or "jogged" when followed by F or V. 16. When TH cannot be conveniently joined finally, the sound of th is expressed by a slight retrace on the under side of the sign. The alphabetic TH is always used initially (at the beginning of a sign). This form of TH will not conflict with the phrasing form of the. See paragraph 13. lath heath myth path lithe method Seth faith 16 weed ROWE SHORTHAND REVIEW EXERCISE <3. hiding ....^/. knife thrift ...T- x. .. wrath r^7>v._ waiter text . / loath -^, drive / exit . V. s ^L trained /---- ^-^S laid later - ' ^ -^ leaflet ^^.. heave /^ 1 7 > -^- lav have WORD-SIGNS equal /...... arrange, , satisfy, ^^ with ...^..... arranged ' - had* f satisfied circumstance particular _. .. heard* f success practice, \ practiced, that* ^ succeed practical thought* necessity opportune, would* necessary opportunity s ---- . . . .- .. .... appropriate word* * These word-signs are written downward. They should be written with a slight slant only. NOTE: When a word-sign represents two or more words, they are of such a nature as to be readily distinguished in a sentence. have had had he with that with which could have could not could not have :i -**\~ ROWE SHORTHAND 17 PHRASES do not he would not .../f.,, do not know.. we would . < r ^^^ 19. The circle-5 written finally (at the end of a sign) or me- dially (in the middle of an outline) expresses the sound of s or 2. 20 ROWE SHORTHAND THE CIRCLE-S USED FINALLY 21 chose jr tries -- X> days J nhrasinfr* .. ^V vase sees has was wise excess yes these this those thus miss Texas less * The ing-dot should always be written close to the end of the completed outline. THE CIRCLE-S USED MEDIALLY puzzle lesson noses* chisel laces task desk cases* raises* faces* ..... <=<-<.-. sizes* reason excesses* season facile * The sound of 5 following circle-.? is expressed by alphabetic S. 20. The circle-5 is used initially (at the beginning of a sign) to express the sound of s only when followed by a consonant- When initial s is followed by a vowel, the alphabetic S must be used. 22 ROWE SHORTHAND THE CIRCLE-S USED INITIALLY scratch ..._. spray suit* Smith . snow ... ._.... snuff sweet c^ cider* ...^^f Scotch / sadden* .^r~2L slight save* speed ...!*>>>.... smattering ~? savs* . . -v ? * In these words alphabetic S is used because the initial s is followed by a vowel. 21. The suffixes y and ly following a circle are expressed by slightly extending the circle across the stem of the stroke. ^ rosy Marpv \Mtfv .. ' . - dizzy ./. crazy nicely <;-- wisely . ..ft. . . . cnirv Cs ~^ CO7V lazy Jessie > ^^ N. '"%" Letter ** ^ J ~--J--^~*~~~f- Initials may be written with small longhand letters ROWE SHORTHAND WRITING EXERCISE Write in shorthand: Words 1 daisy 8 Swiss 2 fetches 9 juicy 3 praise 10 vessel 4 space 11 leases 5 raise 12 tracer 6 treason 13 slide 7 spider 14 sod 25 15 expose 16 spade 17 freezing 18 dozen 19 prices 20 muscle 21 sneezes Sentences 1. This season we-have ordered few dresses. 2. The reason for my asking such prices for this order is that-we-have- not received-the new presses as yet. 3. If-he-is-not satisfied with-the suit, he may leave-it with-us. 4. He-says it-is-not-necessary to raise the price for-the Swiss watches. 5. Judge Rose has-not yet received my recent letter. Letter Dear-Sir: We-have asked Joseph to express at-once the presses which we-ordered for this season from-the Texas Company. At-present we-do-not possess cases for-the sizes ordered. Joseph says that-he-does-not-have these cases. He tells us that-we-may receive one later if-the vessel which-he-has ordered is hastened. This does-not satisfy-us. We-have asked Scott to trace the matter for-us. (75 words) LESSON 5 THE LOOP-L 23. The sound of I is added finally to an alphabetic sign by a narrow loop extending half way back over the sign. The loop-/ is not an alphabetic character and consequently is never written on position to indicate a following vowel. Like the circle-s, the loop-/ is written on the regular side of strokes; that is, inside of curved strokes and forward, in the direction that the hands of a clock move, on straight strokes. See paragraph 18. fail jail vile kneel snail 24. When the loop-/ is followed by s, the circle is written around the stroke. 1 ^-r*^ sales . . rivals > _a__ feels ....^fe hills ^ swells spells . ^^ yells V exiles pulse deals .. WORD-SIGNS will you deliver, - delivered, delivery dwells .../^..... village . . . >^=> - - Dolicv ...,, railroad - - - - sequel --> <7-- all ...-^ will -.- -^ ^T PHRASES 29. The loop-/ is used in phrasing to add will. all is d all the we will have all are ^..... he will ..../?f...... we will not all will ....#. he will not ...^7.... they will will not . ...JT77... we will S..... that will I ROWE SHORTHAND 29 READING EXERCISE Read and transcribe: Words Letter 30 ROWE SHORTHAND WRITING EXERCISE Write in shorthand: Words 1 heels 2 tile 3 holy 4 well 5 holes 6 rails 7 spills 8 skill 9 sells 10 full 11 finally 12 pale 13 toughly 14 naval 15 drills 16 smiles 17 frail 18 veal Sentence* 1. We- will deliver-the spice that they ordered if -the case reaches us today. 2. The judge said that-he-had-not received-the notice. 3. Fruit jelly sales are quite slow today. 4. We-do-not always quote such low prices for mail deliveries. 5. Fruit sells freely to-the wholesale trade although-the prices change daily. 6. Are-the high prices at-present charged for coal necessary? 7. We-have-not yet received-the receipt for which we-asked. 8. Mail deliveries are slow. That-is the reason my letter was-not de- livered till today. 9. He-was quite equal to-the task which fell to-his lot. 10. He-will-not succeed if-he tries to cut prices. ROWE SHORTHAND 31 REVIEW TEST, 1. How are the circle-.? and loop-/ written on straight strokes? on curves? 2. When is circles used initially? 3. How are the suffixes y and ly following the circle-* and loop-/ repre- sented? 4. After what characters is the loop-/ not used? 5. How is the position of words which contain a prefix determined? What prefix does loop-/ express? 6. Write from dictation the word-signs and phrases on pages 6, 10, 11, 16, 17. 23 and 28. 7. Write in shorthand: 1 Mitchell 2 fastened 3 private 4 maternal 5 writer 6 roughly 7 exhale 8 ceiling 9 kills 10 jute 11 alleged 12 matting 13 passage 25 are-not 14 safely 26 wholesale prices* 15 privilege 27 with-this-letter 16 fragile 28 quote prices* 17 ranges 29 daily changes 18 patrons 30 it-is-not 19 neutral 31 it-was-necessary 20 civil 32 does-not-have 21 slow deliveries* 33 might-have-the 22 we-have-made 34 trade-the 23 high prices* 35 arrange-the matter 24 he-will-not-have 36 may-have-the * Do not phrase the outlines for these words. LESSON 6 THE VOWEL CHARACTERS 30. The vowel characters are: A E I O U r ^ J \ ' ^ ale elude ice omit wnite NOTES: E, O, and U are always written downward; A and I, when joined o other signs, may be written upward or doumward according to convenience. The vowel characters are exactly the same length as the medium char- acters learned in lesson 2. 31. The vowel signs are used: 1. To express initial vowels. 2. To express final vowels in words of more than one syllable. NOTE: The vowel characters are written independently of position The position of an outline is always determined by the first vowel following the first consonant sign in the outline. VOWEL SIGNS USED INITIALLY ax ..s\... oath amuse ...../. avail ac-ross . office afraid T/ else ~6 odd . . _ _X await either .. "*^ unit . . S~ ate* .....(. evil -.TV-^.... use v_ add* ..-..(..... easy ^~ usual _y^ age* ./-.. ... ideal /- usually S-$-_-... * A is slightly louudeJ at the bottom in order to make an easy joining with T, D, and J. NOTE: When an initial vowel is the only sounded vowel in a word, write the vowel character on the line. 32 soda via Friday following ROWE SHORTHAND VOWEL SIGNS USED FINALLY idea JC. issue mellow ^..... motto widow --^^-/- sofa value -..T!>?. settee 33 32. In the preceding lessons only the long and short sounds of the vowels have been used. There are other sounds of the vowels, however, which must be learned and used in the writing of shorthand. All sounds of a given vowel are expressed by writing a character on the position of that vowel. The diphthong* au is assigned to the c-position, oi to the /-position, and ou to the o-position, as shown in paragraph 33. * A diphthong is the combined sound of two vowels; as oi in hoist. 33. The complete list of sounds assigned to each position is as follows: A-position a as in cam a as in came ah as in calm au as in cause O-position 6 as in lot 6 as in load ou as in loud E-position 6 as in met e as in meat 1-position \ as in fill 1 as in file oi as in foil U-position u as in mud ii as in mute 66 as in nook oo as noon 34 ROWE SHORTHAND 34. The au, oi, and ou sounds of the a, i, and o positions are distinguished from the other sounds of these positions by placing a light dot beside the sign written on position. law loyal . . . .?? calls coils ....^y. cause "rrf soil ---^^ walls ...~^...... alloy laud royal NOTE: The diphthong dot may usually be written on either side of the sign. In the case of outlines with a final circle or loop, however, the dot should be placed on the same side as the circle or loop to avoid reading it for the ing-dot. Write from dictation: toy, raw, cow, Troy, joy; vow, gnaw, now, prow, paw; rouse, choice, pause, poise, slaughter; crawls, house, howls, drowns. 35. By placing a. light dot beside A, the sound of au is ex- pressed. Similarly, a dot placed beside I expresses oi, and a dot beside O expresses ou. awe /TI oil <$J, owl A> aught jf. out ....^ ounce ...^ D ... author ....2^.... outfit ....^^.... outer ....^ 36. The suffixes y, ty, and dy following an alphabetic char- acter are expressed by the sign for I. Compare paragraphs 21 and 27. ROWE SHORTHAND 35 rainy ...TTTT..... lady almighty ... city ^_^-4--- needy *^y tidy ../... woody - ... ready J rtitv ^^ 5 mi?h/v treaty / utility S^ REVIEW EXERCISE agile i usage V poisonous . \: throughout drawer ^ withdrawn . __^t - powder payee ^~^> without _^^) X outlet ...,^/ f ... easel ~~y^ allowed caught ^ vowels ^_Jt, mouth maturity 7J. hauls acute officers ...X .---- naughty ~3 United States ^ icy ...qr... Toledo ^f (U. S.) a, an, and . . / WORD-SIGNS I* of, off ....> \ you, your on. own on'v * The word-sign for 7 is always written downward and through the line. 36 ROWE SHORTHAND PHRASES each of ____ U- ____ eachofhis,us ..... t s;--- each of which ..... u. ... and we s on it ----- s - all of ..... t^\ all of his, us ---- d have a, an .. ~-rrr had a, an ...if. and the* and he K".-- how is y how will and they I will -B/- and that ' you will and this .4r^.. out of --^- and a, an* - yours truly --- -S * In the phrase and a, both characters are written upward; in and the' id K written downward. 1, WE, and YOU Phrases ^.^J...^f.... ' * ( f 1. J have, 1 have not, I will, I will not, I could, I could have, I do, I do not, I would, I would have, I had not. 2. We have, we have not, we will, we will not, we could, we could have, we do, we do not, we would, we would have, we had not. 3. You have, you have not, you will, you will not, you could, you could have, you do, you do not, you would, you would have, you had not. RO\VK SHORTHAND 37 READING EXERCISE Letter N"OTE: New York is written NY. WRITING EXERCISE Words 1 choices 8 vouch 15 noisy 2 3 prow! saw 9 small 10 loiter 16. 17 fraught amaze 4 5 6 7 evade proud pauses voices 1 1 taught 12 drowsy 13 withdraw 14 sprout IS 19 20 21 spoils output witty false Letter Lloyd Wolf, Toledo. Dear-Sir: We-received your-letter-of May 24 on Friday. We- will ask -you to-follow-the usual practice of- the house on such changes as are necessary to-meet-the ideas of Messrs. Reeves & Joyce of Oil City. All-of-us know that small odd sizes are-not easy to sell, and-we ought always to avoid changes that do-not add real value. Will this company sell the small cases to-the trade? We-do-not yet know how much extra we-will-have to charge. We-could deliver-the cases on fifteen days' notice if they order now. We now await-the receipt-of-your next letter. Yours-truly, (115 words) 452182 LESSON 7 THE SPACE CHARACTERS 37. The space characters are so called because they cover or enclose space. B BR G GR SH SIIR WH ST STR ^7<7C/c/ strange ago ---^o f ast store 38. The circle-s and loop-/ are written on the inside of space characters. buys /?- especially .;>>._. feasts*** ...^T3 basis ...... while -^ east ^ bale straw* Mr. -Q balance last ... posts - v- goals '<#-" ceased ---^ &--- vests 62 gallon amused** - - - postal shell < phrased** dusty**** special ..r!^> lists*** ..../??-... modesty**** * The dot for the indication of the diphthongs au, oi, and ou is placed within the space characters. ** ST is used finally to represent the sound of zd as well as st. *** A circle following ST and STR is written around the stroke. **** The suffixes y and ly following ST are expressed as explained in paragraph 21. 40 ROWE SHORTHAND 39. B is used to express either b or p after R, CH, T, D, J, F, V, Q, B, and G. NOTES: B and p are cognate sounds; that is, they are similarly pro- nounced, b being a voiced (stressed) sound and p its corresponding whis- pered (unstressed) sound. When p begins a word the alphabetic P is always used. A shaded character is subject to the same rules of joining as its corre- sponding light sign; therefore, the above rule applies also to TR, DR, FR, BR, and GR Practice the following combinations on each of the vowel positions. Become thoroughly familiar with the strokes after which B is used to express b or p. h h rab chab rap chap tab tap dab dap jab jap fab fap vab vap qab qap bab gab bap gap Practice the following words: V? rope rub cheap K>. . . trip f?--- type ...yj.... typewriter /p tubs deep /4... job fiber vapor equip* - bribe ^77---- baby** ...(%... grapes * K is joined initially to Q without an angle. '* The vowel character for I to represent the suffix y (see paragraph 33) is joined to B without an angle. ROWt SHORTHAND 41 Write from dictation: grip, tub, gap dip, jab; grape, rip, drop, fib, troop; reap, chop, grab, drip, viper; tab, grub, trap, top, rap; drab, tip, fop, dab, bib. 40. B is turned as a hook on the upper side of M, K, N, S, H, L, W, P, and X to express either b or p. NOTE: KR and PR are subject to the same rules of writing as K and P. Practice these combinations on the vowel positions. mab kab nab sab hab lab wab pab xab map kap nap sap hap lap wap pap xap Practice the following; words: map elapse weep / keep :s_^> sweep . . . a^s up** V^ cabinet * -^ snappy . open** \j snub V Daoer shape** G soap .-.^^-f.... happy* ...^T. ship** & .... hope ... copy* . ^..... whip** ..... a .... * When more convenient, the vowel character 1 representing the suffix y may be written upward. ** The B-P hook is written within SH and WH and joined to the vowel characters O and U on the upper side. 42 ROWE SHORTHAND Write from dictation: wipe, sap, scope, leap, slip; scab, hip, pipe, crab, probe; creep, sleep, slap, lip, scoop; cab, web, peep, snap, soup; cape, nap, knob, cope, lap; pope, scrape, heap, nub, crib, lobe. 41. G is used to express either g or k after R, B, and G. NOTES: G and k, like b and p, are cognate sounds. The above rule applies also to the blends BR and GR. Practice these combinations on the vowel positions. rag bag gag rak bak gak Practice the following words: rogue bake bags o i ^9 u i >,. broke ^ grog ---,-,,- O? *\*S C-o' Write from dictation: beg, brig, rake, beak, rag, bug; rock, big, brag, brick, bag, reek. 42. G is turned as a hook on the n'g&/ side of CH, T, D, and J, and on the m/er side of all other characters to express either gor k. ROWE SHORTHAND 43 Practice these combinations on the vowel positions: chag tag dag jag fag mag sag vag nag hag lag wag thag pag qag xag yag chak tak dak jak fak mak sak vak nak hak lak wak thak pak qak xak yak Practice the following words: ^^ check .U pack week */:._. take neck ------ ^-- weekly ..^/?... trick . quick .). thick ..rr^... dig /. quickly -/- yoke ^ C jog , foggy ----- oak* ^ U <- evoke ..r^^^^^.... figure ^ shake* -I.. wrong ..-- x -. ------ make ache* _ like ...^> seek ---^= ^-- egg* _~A>.. ._ likely ...-/f&--- lack logs * The G-K hook is written on the under side of SH and WH and the vowel characters. Write from dictation: slack, leg, suck, fag, jig; truck, tag, chick, meek, nick; walk, sick, snag, tick, dog; drag, sag, fog, drug, vogue; knock, shook, weak, wig, thug; poke, prick, swag, sprig, shook; choke, track, frog, sneak, hog; lake, slick, smug, jack, mock; pig, quack, coot, fake, sake; tug, snug, wag. 44 ROVVE SHORTHAND REVIEW EXERCISE . < almost ^.. - magnet ...1777.... Jackson '- steady o CIlCTCPPSt chicken ^ --- stocks --- mechanism ..^>_--^- unique ---^ ;>-- f. o. b. ---^-v^- yesterday fc business ---^U-T,--- busy ^? develop ro... esteemed ...I2t7- ashes Xe>. silk -^-^-- proper breathing rL^.. . XJs Au escape stmtr ^j-~-~^ WORU-SIGNJ object wished * subject hphalf n^ b) request ex.... sT^~~- \ requisite cr. give, given --& who iravp o ROYVE SHORTHAND 45 43. In phrasing, be is joined to -will by a hook written after the loop-/. will be (f?. we will be ?... by us x-j shall be we gave the ^..... to be will you be v?--- subject of must be 2* K he will be f. - take it 7. could be "77 .,,. they will be .......... to go you will be ..... fe- -- makeup I will be -^ ..... take up whether or not we trust that ...^^\.. Yours respectfully. READING EXERCISE Read and transcribe: Words Sentences 46 ROWE SHORTHAND Letter ^cr. \ * / .S. . 5*. WRITING EXERCISE Write in shorthand: 1 obeys 2 sash 3 slips 4 west 5 study 6 specific 7 chalk 8 postofiice Words 9 strings 10 weakening 11 spikes 12 smoke 13 likewise 14 steam 15 scrap 16 misty 17 utmost 18 fabric 19 Pacific 20 ethics 21 push 22 noticed 23 rusty 24 shoals ROWE SHORTHAND 47 Write the following letters in shorthand : Mr. R. F. Gross, Jacksonville. Dear-Sir: We shall show a full stock-of soaps and powders at-the Business Show next week. We hope that you-will take-the opportunity to-look-the agent up. We-use only the best materials for making soaps and do-not buy cheap stock. We-make quick deliveries and pay freight charges. Give-us a trial order. Yours-truly, (60 words) Mr. J. W. Drake, Wheeling. Dear-Sir: We-have just-received your-letter-of July 10. We-have no agent at- present at Wheeling. A copy-of-the fall catalog will reach you with-this- letter. We-have also put you on-the list to-receive sketches-of-the new music cabinet we-will put on sale August 15. Look-the catalog through. Read page 14 and note-the special prices we-make to jobbers. Why-not give-us an order for-a cabinet now? Yours-respectfully, (82 words) LESSON 8 THE DIMINISHING PRINCIPLE 44. B is diminished to express the blends bl and pi. bla ble bli bio blu pla pie pli plo plu 45. BL-PL is joined both initially and finally to R, CH, T, D, J, F, V, Q, B, and G. Note that these are the same char- acters after which B is used to express either b or p. See para- graph 39. When written initially BL-PL is placed on position to indicate a following vowel. NOTE: Read again the second note under paragraph 39. Practice the following combinations on the vowel positions. INITIALLY ^ 17/1 / *-~ > " N ""2 & blar blach blat blad blaj blaf blav blab blag plar plach plat plad plaj plaf plav plab plag NOTE: BL-PL is joined initially to CH, J, T, and D without an angle. FINALLY ^ VJ fj k V) ^-V> *- V7 rtj 6" rabl chabl tabl dabl jabl fabl vabl babl gabl rapl chapl tapl dapl japl fapl vapl bapl gapl plural ../.... belief .../7^r> tables bleach t\. believe ..... bible /!- "7 i plate plague T.. miserable ...__^ ( . ... blade ..../ double miserably* *... h *Join the I (for the y ending) to BL-PL without an angle. 48 ROWE SHORTHAND 49 Write from dictation: play, blue, plea, blow, plow; blare, plight, plead, played, pleat, plot, blear, blot, rabble, fable; topple, chapel, triple, dabble, gobble; gable, babel, dribble. 46. BL-PL is turned as a small hook, initially and finally, on the upper side of M, K, N, S, H, L, W, P, and X. These are the same characters as those given in paragraph 40. The large hook to express B-P, however, is written finally only. Practice these combinations on the vowel positions. INITIALLY blam blak blan bias plam plak plan plas NOTE: BL-PL does not occur before H, L, W, and P. FINALLY mabl kabl nabl sabl habl labl wabl pabl mapl kapl napl sapl hapl lapl wapl papl plans _..?.. 7?.... blouse ...^^^... people explain split ^ cripple please ..^ *? maple ....77! black blunt cable ^f! blame blend ...<= -,.. couple capable* blank labels ,..-^..._ reasonable bloom liability ,..^S..... noble * BL-PL is written within the B-P hook. 50 ROWE SHORTHAND Write from dictation: bleak, plume, plain, pluck, bless; hobble, blown, nibble, liable, pebble; papal, pupil, sable. 47. G is diminished to express the blends gl and kl. gla gle gli glo glu kla kle kli klo klu 48. GL-KL is joined initially and finally to R, CH, T, D, J, B, and G. When joined initially GL-KL is written on position to indicate a following vowel. INITIALLY glar glach glat glad glaj glab glag klar klach klat klad klaj klab klag FINALLY -t t t, t \ *2 <*f ragl chagl tagl dagl jagl bagl gagl rakl chakl takl dakl jakl bakl gakl NOTE: GL-KL is joined finally to CH, J, T. and D without an angle, clear ....c^ regal -.--~v giggle f^ gladly %~... trickles ^ joggle . L club bugle medical ....7 ^- "O ^^v V recall* rpmartnKlf* '-^ ., .... rerniit* .- * The prefix re is disjoined before K, S, and P. Write the shaded R close to the beginning of the following stroke. 58 ROWE SHORTHAND 56. The suffixes ry, try, and dry are expressed by I shaded flattery ... f weary . dairy J..... dreary / glory tarry carry worry sorry 57. The suffix ward is expressed by W written downward and shaded. outward southward average charm verbal vertical various purchased merry picture error forward awkward backward -j/- onward v REVIEW EXERCISE pleasure . . .c ^ New Jersey herewith . . ^TI. . . . together circular honorable \^ parcels - nourishing marvelous J*- - furthermore story -q several exercise - ^>~e_^.. majority misery -f- - regular -^-- current - -^-^^,-- irregular ---& PHRASING 58. The shading principle is used in phrasing to add are. we are they are you are ~* that are J after . _(. address . ROWE SHORTHAND WORD-SIGNS satisfactory . . .^7^ . . . ever, every . . . .T> READING EXERCISE Words 59 \ however Letter "-^..T ..//^. \...^^..N. V * Ohio. Article 9 ' 60 ROWE SHORTHAND 1 affairs 2 externally 3 party 4 collars 5 feature 6 refreshing 7 avert 8 narrow 9 clever WRITING EXERCISE Words 10 furniture 1 1 careful* 12 revert 13 search 14 grower 15 courtesy 16 muscular 1 7 partially 18 earth 1 northward 20 passenger 21 personal 2 1 portable 23 purple 24 query 25 serviceable 26 sources 27 voucher * Use the FL loop forful. Letter Mi. Seth Palmer, Steelton. Dear-Sir: We-are-able to-make still lower prices on future orders-of choice grape juice. On and-after August 14 our new price-list, a copy-of-which you-have probably received, will-be used as-a basis for figuring bills. You are of-course thoroughly familiar with-the high character-of our grape juice. We-use-only the purest fruit we-are-able to buy. We hope that you-will-be able to give-us more orders for early delivery. Yours-truly (85 words) Article The idea back-of modern business is service. Those-who seek merely to-make profit have-not caught-the spirit of-the new ideal. It-has taken ages to develop-the thought that business is after all service. It-is just-as necessary and honorable as the service which-the doctor or-the lawyer ren- ders. We-must all have food, clothing, houses, and opportunity to work. Business gives us these. We owe to business almost all that makes modern life worth living. (82 words) LESSON 10 PREFIXES AND SUFFIXES PREFIXES 59. Ad, Af, At expressed by A. admit ^ , adhere ....7..... automobile admirable ...<* attorney --../ atmosphere . . . ^ . - 60. Ed, Ef expressed by E. edifice - . -~^- . . . . -\_, educate 61. As expressed by circle-s. ascertain .. ? . assure aspire <\. ...... -N^-- assail . ..^TfT. .. assists . .<^j2-- assert ...? *.... 62. Be expressed by B written in a more slanting manner, because .. beneath ...<2-^ beware before /z-,--- below ........... beside 63. De expressed by D written in a more slanting manner. defer ....^ ..... declare ____ _ _____ decide _..> everything ....T^ ..... best thing ... (d. ..... lastthing ..._<_ ..... one thing / ...... nothing ..^...,... each thing ..... i ..... 61 62 ROWK SHORTHAND 65. Ings, things expressed by disjoined circles written in place of the ing-dot. which things playthings ____ f ..... drawings /. a failings ____ ^ ____ meetings ... _____ these things . ..7^.... 66. Shun (variously spelled tion, sion, cian, sian, tien, cien) is expressed by SH written in a more upright manner so as to resemble the parenthesis sign. When more convenient, the curve may be reversed. Use the form which makes the better joining. Observe the following illustrations closely. nation ....~777L--- edition 7\. rational ....... ^ ..... evasion ..7Vn7.... section ...^ )--- 68. By writing a word-sign on w-position, a following you or your is implied. to you, your ........... if you, your .......... if you are to your letter ----- /'--. if you will . if you are not .......... ROWE SHORTHAND REVIEW EXERCISE division -b=-=< - - assertion _ 5. ^ admission f efficiency ...~^^ suggestions friction .... automatically rj._ exceptional..^^.... fashions -T... asset s -r-- decrease .... device omission ...-V_^ petition __.\ deprive advisable ...-=^y-- edible . ..1^ afford devotion ....,. .. expression ...7?^-- assort READING EXERCISE Letter >"^ --^4^^-*-^^--Y--^-v "- r .^.^L^.^. -^^-^-/--^. -^- / --^_^--> v ^-^-> ^-^- l -(-^^ - . .\. \ . .w .L . . . ^.Y. . .^7?: . * ^ . x^r.'^. .^.^ . ^_ . x v &**) Article 64 ROWE SHORTHAND WRITING EXERCISE Words 1 deserve 9 patient 17 decayed 2 affable 10 visions 18 defraud 3 affix 11 moderation 19 fascination 4 bespeak 12 assess 20 depart 5 decease 13 effusion 21 patience 6 affair 14 session 22 diction 7 delight 15 portion 23 teachings cS caution 16 besiege 24 suction Letter Mr. Frederick W. Martin, Toledo, Ohio. Dear-Sir: We-are-glad to-receive your recent order calling for 15 gallons of our automobile oils. We-have-a carload lot going to-your city on February 16 with-which we-will forward your-order. We-have as yet heard nothing from-you on-the subject-of-your taking- the position of agent for our stock at Toledo. We-have-a new special offer to retail stores. May we forward-you literature on-it? If-you take on-a stock-of our oils, we-will-make every effort to assist-you to-make large sales. We-are just-now developing our oil stain business. You ought-not to pass this opportunity by. We-trust-that our future rektions may-be as satisfactory as those-of-the past year. Yours-truly, (132 words) ROWE SHORTHAND 65 Article Free speech, a free press, and-the right-of petition are-a few-of-the-things for-which our fathers gave their lives. Throughout-the years we-have adhered to these declarations of-the fathers of-the Republic. We-are as certain as ever that no one shall-be deprived of-his civil liberties. We-have- no place for those-who by deception and evasion seek to divide our people so-th;;t we shall have class groups. The sectional feeling of-the Civil War has passed, never to return. (88 words) REVIEW TEST 1. What is the shading principle used to express? 2. What prefix does shaded R express? When is it disjoined? 3. What prefixes do the following express? Circle-.?, A, E. 4. How are the prefixes be and de expressed? 5. What suffix is expressed by detached circle-.?? 6. What suffixes does shaded I express? 7. How are the following suffixes expressed? Ward, iking, shun, ration. 8. Review all the word-signs you have learned. The following is a complete alphabetical list of the word-signs given in lessons 1 to 10. Write the list from dictation. a, an, and, address, after, agent, all, appropriate, are, arrange, arranged, as, ask, asked, at, behalf, behave, change, changed, character, charge, charged, church, circumstance, company, Dear Sir, deliver, delivered, de- livery, do, dollar, each, equal, ever, every, for, gave, give, given, had, half, have, heard, his, however, I, if, immediate, immediately, is, it, judge, judged, necessary, necessity, object, of, off, on, only, opportune, opportunity, or, order, ordered, owe, owed, owing, own, particular, practice, practiced, prac- tical, perhaps, receive, received, receipt, request, requisite, satisfy, satisfied, satisfactory, subject, success, succeed, such, that, the, thought, to, too, today, us, which, will, will you, with, wish, wished, who, word, would, you, your LESSON 11 THE LENGTHENING PRINCIPLE 69. All the long characters and B, G, SH, WH, and J are lengthened to add the sound of m or n. NOTE: This rule applies also to the blends BR, GR, and SHR. In applying this rule to the long characters, make them only about one-third longer than the regular length. B, G, SH, and WH should not be made wider than usual when lengthened to add m or n. January (Jan.) ... June /z panel* journal* event name hang land winter vanish sometimes V allegiance . ^j^l. _ beam illimitable** _ _^/?>_ bank springs __?>v ... gain thing, think . _-r^^_ . . green December _.<^ z>_. gone them, then ..TTT^N.. bring prompt shone sample .^rrr^.. whom****.. principle, . . ^Sx^. . . when principal zT" young November --- ^-r- s* (Novem.) million ... , ^ joined urgent*** ....^.... belong . excellent***..-^ . single * Final circles and loops are always read after them or n which is expressed by lengthening the stroke. ** Loop-/ used initially expresses the prefixes d and il as well as al (see paragraph 28). *** T may be omitted in the final syllables lent and gent. **** Word-sign for who lengthened. 66 ROWE SHORTHAND 67 70. In is added to here, where, there, and with by lengthening. herein ../^7.... therein _\._ wherein ... .? . within ...^/.... 71. Been is added to have, has, and had by lengthening. we have -^T.. you have been we have been -^^-. it has been he has been ^.. they have been we had been ^.. .-.. which has been 72. The long characters are superlengthened to add the com- binations nn, mm, nm, and mn. gentlemen* women nominal summon sermon illumine * Omit /. NOTE: The long characters, when superlengthened, are made twice the regular length. 73. When the suffix ment follows a long character, it is ex- pressed by superlengthening the character. payment 7>.._ cement .s* *^.. ornament government . assignment vj^.^^.. experiment 68 ROWE SHORTHAND 74. The suffix lessness is expressed by lengthening less. fruitless --^>-- matchlessness sleeplessness ,, f ruitlessness -^ c - - blamelessness . . .tTT. lawlessness matchless - hopelessness . . .^. fearlessness WORD-SIGN AND PHRASES general J yours sincerely - sincerely yours . . -v^^x^ REVIEW EXERCISE f denounce . ./.. . . .. advantage* . .' 1-.. alliance assemble ..*. ^..advantageously* --^.T 77^.. primary prominent .<-- telegram ..tS.. benefit permanent ..7N ., between boundary -?) Cleveland century -- ... . minimum* * Use the jog between the two short strokes. 76. Shortened A expresses the prefixes am and an. It may be written upward or downward according to convenience of joining. Use the form which makes the better angle with the following stroke. ancestor . ^ P--- annual --. A^. ... ample ..... 71 72 ROWE SHORTHAND 77. Shortened E expresses em and en. enlarge ..?fT7... emblem - . A-. enthusiasm envelope r>*. emphatic - ^~L embargo 7.V.. enhance .."Y:..... enable - employ -...-v? enlist -X. incident invoices -;^r-z>^^-- insists impression . - . /S^ . . . into increase ?*-? immaterial * Refer to the footnote on page 52. 79. Shortened U expresses urn and un. 1... Z... unless until unequal unable untrue . unbelief 73 T" -: ROWE SHORTHAND 80. The suffix ment is expressed by shortened M. supplement assortment '-v---.* moment argument _. . . . enlistment . . -. -/^. . . . judgment department *r . . . agreement . . ^CT. instrument advancement arrangement .TTJ^... allotment NOTE: Refer to paragraph 73 for the representation of ment after a Ion;, character. 81. T and D (but not TR and DR) are written upward to add m or n. NOTE: This rule does not conflict with paragraphs 6 and 11. tempest ..x>x---- items ...M. resident* -^, temperature .. ^>. ... ordinary --\^? president* _V^. danger _^^- demand y . shipment scanty ^ influence injure maintenance famous 7Vo... '\ temporary ^^^ specimen ^~~^- county obedient ^)^-. cancelation *-*^^ \ country anxious /^ fancy '""" mineral . . . _^^- . anxiety ,- manner ~x J- > invasion (.... wisdom _^^ antagonist ^ ^ often ...\n. . .. seldom . .s_^. . encounter .. income tangible A undesirable ....^>.... imply ...-} information , ? American (Am.) r // umbrella - - A/2T. . . . incredible . . ^^, WORD-SIGNS any, end ^ upon i enter, entered > under c entire, entirely *> 82. The word-signs for under and any are used as prefixes understand ... V fhr7-. undersell _.S^=?.... anybody ,...-?n... understood undergo ) undertake underscore anyhow anywhere ROWE SHORTHAND 75 we cannot be PHRASES in order ... I.. ... in this in order to be* . . . f) in reply can you in order to have . ,.A-rr>>.. in reply to youi letter* ; n the * inasmuch as in answer in a .^1-- in every _../T^ in answer to your letter* in his 2- in which ji replying to your letter* * Omit to in these phrases. READING EXERCISE Words Letter -v^.* ^.^--.-^..,. U^._. w/. ^....^...,.^.^...^tt./..^..*-....'..A<*t. 76 ROWE SHORTHAND Article WRITING EXERCISE Words 1 campaign 9 thermometer 17 indolent 2 remember 10 attendance 18 attain 3 mainspring 11 canvas 19 inferior 4 morning 12 student 20 inventor 5 offend 13 redeemable 21 amusement 6 freedom 14 impulse 22 importance 7 infringement 15 immense 23 evident 8 remainder 16 inscribe 24 investment ROWE SHORTHAND 77 Letter Mr. John W. Winton, Manager, Trenton Supply Co., Trenton, N. J. Dear-Sir: In-answer-to-your-letter of- the 14th inst., we-are-sending by special delivery specimens of fancy envelopes for-the Christmas trade. In-the package you-will also find-a reference list showing our entire line-of fine writing papers. We-understand that you-are developing-a fine trade in writing paper and trust-that you-will take-the time to-go over-the samples with care. You need have no hesitancy in-giving-us your-order for several months' supply. Further price increases are almost certain to come before- the end-of-the present season. Yours-sincerely, (101 words) Article Many persons are capable of-doing excellent work in-their particular line. Realizing their capacity to excel, they become angry when they see others, perhaps not quite as expert as they-are, advanced to-higher positions. They cannot understand-the reason why they-were-not advanced. In-such cases they begin to fall behind in-their work because-of-a "don't care" spirit. As-soon-as a worker does this, he casts away opportunities which may never return. In-his depression he fails to-note-the reason which-is the cause-of-the advance-of-his rival. He fails to understand that not-only must he do his work especially well; he must also know- the ethics that go with higher places. Many men and women valuable in-their particular lines have-been deposed from high places because they could-not work with those under them. (146 words) LESSON 13 PREFIXES AND SUFFIXES PREFIXES 83. Com, Con expressed by K shortened, considerable ..^^^7 consignment * ^^^^. competent concerning -^>> ^- - continually .^-^_ = ^-.. constant control ..^p/S- contrary ...J). consequent-^ confidence ^^^/f... contrivance - --^- s conditional consign ..,_^^ J ^. compartment --- -- compliance -^^-c,--- 84. Inter, Intro, Intel expressed by I shortened and shaded. This prefix is always written downward. interfere ^> introduce intervene <7 interest ....c>_ intercourse ... intermission -- J , intelligible 85. Enter expressed by E shortened and shaded. entertain entertainment 7! entertained TY. enterprising _.\ 86. Ac and Oc, Ab and Ob, Ap and Op expressed by a light dot placed at the beginning of the outline. The dot should always be written first. 78 ROWE SHORTHAND 79 account accustomed accident accurate occasional N,. abnormal -^.. appeal absence --"s *?... appearance 7^__ absorb -^.^p.. application----^-, observe -S f^T>. operation -( obtain - opposite --^--- occur obtainable ' oppress J>>.._ SUFFIXES S7. Fy, Vy, and Thy indicated by making the F, V, and TH more curved. qualify glorify very navy worthy wealthy 88. Self and Selves expressed by disjoined circle-.? placed beside the stroke. himself -.-//?.--.. myself ----5 ----- itseK ...../o themselves yourself herself .../ ourselves . ---- r> NOTE: In most cases self and selves may be safely joined. Yourselves may be distinguished from yourself by adding the alphabetic S after the 80 ROWK SHORTHAND 89. Ship, shipped, shipment expressed by disjoined SII. hardship ...-.C-. .chairmanship - large shipment /rTT- c -- workmanship citizenship -.v^^-^-. no shipment ,..._--^-- scholarship . . -<^-^ - we have shipped _^TT7?. he will ship 90. Ize, ized, ization expressed by disjoined I. criticize . . . ^^ specialize - . ^^> - - - sterilize penalize -t^. organization 9^- - - mercerized . . ._, . REVIEW EXERCISE modernize materialize centralize -^-^?- conscious controversy d complete -^_ contribution analyze - - ... ^ - - authority* * international .. ....__. comment continued .*?.-. . . commencement ( authorize > characterize . .... <~*i-- - access _.">* -^7- obstinate ...&r ..^r-rrr. . . obstacle acknowledge ....... interruption ----^A obligation consistency ~>^J3 c- competition salesmanship . ...\... commercial actually* . . . ^s> impart continuance .y.. . - .^. accordance heavy /^T. notify * Omit t. ** Ty, as well as y, following TH is indicated by making TH more curved. ROWE SHORTHAND READING EXERCISE Letter 81 Article 82 ROWE SHORTHAND WRITING EXERCISE Words 1 fertilize 9 interview 17 oblique 2 concert 10 contingent 18 operator 3 comfortable 11 absurd 19 appraisal 4 acquisition 12 abstract 20 wavy 5 utilize 13 comprehension 21 modify r, command 14 appointment 22 contained 7 acquit 15 accused 23 content 8 consent 16 approach 24 consumed NOTE : The hyphens to indicate shorthand phrases are not given in this and succeeding exercises. Construct phrases on the basis of the phrasing principles you have learned. Letter The Hoboken Ship Co., Hoboken, N. J. Gentlemen: Replying to your letter of Monday morning, we have today consigned four cars of our No. 5 canvas to you. We are sorry that the No. 4 was not found to be entirely satisfactory. Both the materials and workmanship are examined before shipments go out. To us it seems obvious that the No. 4 is too light a cloth for the use you wish to make of it. We will have Mr. Johnson, our Eastern agent, call on you within a few days so that he may make a personal examination of your working processes. He is in a position to furnish valuable advice on how to utilize our output to the best advantage. Sincerely yours, (117 words) Article Many people are accustomed to think of their work simply in terms of the number of hours each day that they have to "put in " at the office, store, or factory. If you were to ask them whether they obtain any actual pleasure or enjoyment out of their work, they would probably wonder if you ROWE SHORTHAND 83 were in earnest. Yet it is the simple truth that no one has ever made a success of anything who was not first of all thoroughly taken up with his work. To such a one work is the very breath of life. As you master the obstacles in your path you become stronger. If you wish to qualify for success without undue delay, you must become intensely interested in the work which lies at your hand. (130 words) REVIEW TEST 1. To what characters is the lengthening principle applied? What sounds are added by superlengthening? 2. To what characters is the shortening principle applied? 3. How is the sound of m or n following T and D expressed? 4. What prefixes do the following express? E shortened and shaded; A shortened; U shortened; K shortened; I shortened and shaded; E short- ened; light dot; I shortened. 5. How is the suffix ment after a long character expressed? After other characters? 6. What suffixes do disjoined I and disjoined SH express? How are the suffixes self, selves expressed? 7. How is been added to long characters in phrasing? 8. Write from dictation the complete alphabetical list of word-signs given on pages 132 and 133. 9. Write in shorthand: 1 explode 2 steamship 3 convinced 4 unavoidable 5 criminally 6 manifest 7 indefensible 8 tragical 9 zone 10 civilize 11 sentiment 12 friendship 13 employment 14 relentlessness 15 plunge 16 sparks 32 17 index 18 revenue 19 incessant 20 beneficial 21 doctrines 22 ledger 23 undertakings 24 rural 25 equipment 26 machinery 27 resistance 28 leadership 29 specifically 30 early convenience 41 31 we-thank-you 42 answer any requests full information look-forward with confidence kindly give-us call upon-you if-we-do-not-hear from-you we-take pleasure concerning-the payment of-your- account continuance-of- your business since-you-are LESSON 14 THE ENLARGING PRINCIPLE DOUBLE LENGTH D 91. All the space characters are enlarged to add the sound of / or d. Note: Be careful not to lengthen the space characters in applying this rule. bad n state bright states G greater . . o regard T~ goods regret . (J should (3 accept .. ..S, 15. what o except . V^> 92. The loop-/ is enlarged to add the sound of / or d. In applying this rule extend the loop about three-fourths back over the stem. (Compare paragraph 23.) held ....^...... availed difficulty sold .. v .^_ ) ... old ..... ^ ..... novelty results ..... ^~f--- ultimo (ult.) ..... ^.. fields \ spoiled ... ?)V.... difficult ..../... quality \i *~*G> 93. D and DR are made double length to add the sound of t or d. Double length D expresses the final syllables ted or ded. 84 ROWE SHORTHAND 85 did ..../ indeed .../ debtor J details ff.. united ....V- 7 creditor 7 /7 dated granted ...A^ adroit doubt ....... indebted Jf. noted 94. It or to is phrased to a preceding is or as and to short words ending with the circle-.? by enlarging the circle. is it, to O as soon as it ... as it, to as far as it ...,f.~ so as to .... v ^-. determine / marked seated .. >*-=/..... gradually ...5r^=s.. manuscript 86 but not but have but will ROWE SHORTHAND PHRASES . as soon as should not be . . what have instead of . what will just what butwillbe what will be *??. . . . f or us to asgreatas should be Yours very truly ...A G as good as should have Very truly yours . . . .-^rRs>. READING EXERCISE Lett eis / x ...-^,.^...J.7?L^rrr_.^_./.^.x 5:.-x-. s ' .\...7> ,-rTTX ^P..> / ' \- -x . ^~^.. ~^7^-.. .^ .._.<,.. .fj-x..^..^ X..^... >> ^- ' y Q_ .*.& - r .r.f?. ./.._^ ,.&.. / .<..-?..^.._^^.^. Cr . J >^ > s ROWE SHORTHAND 87 )--- "-S/eX- '--- \^ ./.... .-^r^.x.:^: 7 ,, ...o.TT^..->..^.j ^ ^-7, - ^-7 v_? y / -/--x-- ^^^ . .TX^..^ ^-^/ ^ r ~^^ r /-/ o ^ ^ A^- ^ t>x_ / ^ cS ^..g.j / * ~^ t^' ' x -VX- ^<^ -* ^ "^ , .s" ^Zy \ (f7). WRITING EXERCISE Words 1 shout 8 assault IS soiled 2 white 9 revolt 16 vault 3 default 10 impelled 17 murdered 4 rubbed 11 habit 18 waited 5 invited 12 breadth 19 abide 6 quilt 13 slipped 20 wanted 7 bitter 14 landed 21 yield . Letters Messrs. Rogers & Roberts, 610 Stevens Street, Easton, Pa. Gentlemen: The writer takes this opportunity to inform you that he is now associated with the well-known printing business of Taylor & Brooks. We are in a position to give you the best in workmanship, quality, and service. A telephone call or postal card will bring me to your office immediately. I will gladly furnish you with any special information you may wish to have. Very truly yours, (69 words) ROWE SHORTHAND Mr. James T. White, 820 River Street, Harrisburg, Pa. Dear Sir: I have your inquiry of the 14th inst. regarding lot No. 81 in the Rob- ertson plan. This lot is at the corner of Jackson and Gray Streets and is absolutely level. There are sidewalks on both streets. The terms can be arranged to suit your convenience. This is a develop- ment in which we are much interested and the property is growing rapidly in value. I should like very much to make an appointment with you to go over the matter in detail. When will it be convenient for you to call at our office? Yours very truly, (100 words) LESSON 15 REVERSED CIRCLE AND LOOP B AND G WRITTEN UPRIGHT 95. Circle-5 is turned on the irregular side (see paragraph 18) to express ts and ds following a short, medium, or long character. NOTE: The application of this rule must not be confused with the use of the space character ST. rates threads cheats t> meets trades . pounds notes - - -^^^o - - sends imports ..^ lights appoints . ->>-^_ . . prints votes extends 96. The loopy-/ is turned on the irregular side of short, me- dium, and long characters to express tl and dl. NOTE: Do not confuse the application of this rule with the enlarged loop to express It and //. See paragraph 92. little middle settle handle individual gentle lightly partly ultimately . definitely . 89 instantly jointly promptly spindle vitally 90 ROWE SHORTHAND 97. The sound of sh following B or G, or any of their modified forms, is expressed by writing these characters upright without any slant. bush clash publish bashful ...i. banish ....!.'.._. English ...^... gash garnishment .. British ...^\... 98. The reversed circle is used in phrasing to express its or it is. anditis 9. ifitis . ^<>- that it is and it is possible.-o'C;^-- - - - if it is possible_.-^5^^^_ . thatitisnot and it is time ..<.- .. how it is .. that it is necessary. 99. The circle-* turned on the irregular side is used to ex- press the prefixes dis or des. distant ...T?. discern .?s e -r'. .. discharge distance ...f. disguise ---&? dissatisfied distend ....M..... dispensation t^>^. . dismounting O y --- distribute .../^ disposal . disloyal a^'- disappear .../>s..... destroy /?.-.. indispensable ROWE SHORTHAND 91 100. When dis precedes any of the vowel characters or K, PL, and KL, it may safely be expressed by the circle written on the regular side. disagree disagreeable disuse discount discuss disclose ..^^ JL .^... discretion display "I discover disease TTi displease disembark . . .^V_ . . disclaim disinherit '^71.. discipline REVIEW EXERCISE fundamental disappointment presently disinterested o? brush griddle* O "'& disadvantages ^-- splash ... f. throttle . . -_^- sentimental .^ -^ Oriental . \_^=> . . . total** " 6 consistently ~*^L-^ needles .. .-^^R ... chattels** 1 disbursements disarrange . . .^7777]. . title** . ^. dishonesty !iv-rA-- gets* . ..C2... let us * To express Is-ds and ll-dl after space characters, enlarge the character and add the circle-s and loop-/ respectively. "* While the sound of / following T and CH should always be expressed by the alphabetic L (see paragraph 26), tl and dl are expressed by the reversed loop-/ 92 ROWE SHORTHAND READING EXERCISE Letter ^-, - . >^ Article r...^...y.... x vgi-*--- -->-- /~~x... KOWE SHORTHAND 93 WRITING EXERCISE Words 1 discarded 8 dissimilar 15 discredit 2 model 9 discord 16 disgusting 3 prattle 10 differently 17 paddle 4 dismissed 11 dispelled 18 disputed 5 slightly 12 parts 19 distress 6 saddle 13 dispatch 20 lately 7 dismayed 14 discolor 21 needs Letter Mr. Frank W. Little, 610 West View Avenue, Portland, Me. Dear Sir: We learn that you have secured an automobile license and assume that you either own or operate a car. We have just completed a small booklet containing some very valuable information on the subject of automobile oils and greases. Getting together the material of this booklet has cost us considerable time and money, and we believe that it contains only infor- mation that is thoroughly reliable. We shall be glad to mail you a copy upon application. Since our oils are made up specially for different makes of cars, we would thank you upon making application for the booklet to state the make and horsepower of your car. Very truly yours, (112 words) 94 ROWE SHORTHAND Selection It has been proved that anger and violent emotion cause for the time being a poisonous condition of the blood which is injurious. It must be equally true that facing the passing hour with a mouth turned up at the corners and a mind alert for the best that the day offers is beneficial. This is a very good world after all, if we but treat it right. And surely if we face our obligations and our work not with frowns but with gladness, it will give us a more kindly greeting and a helping hand in return. (98 words) Review of Phrasing Write the following phrases from dictation: 1 upon the 17 it is not necessary 2 under the 18 give us 3 on the 19 sending the 4 and it is not 20 what will 5 for it is 21 but will be 6 of its 22 informing us 7 after it is 23 paying a 8 was it 24 arranging the 9 as well as it 25 charging us 10 we cannot ship 26 practice the 11 if you have been 27 would not have been 12 we are glad 28 we may say 13 they are not 29 or the 14 that will be 30 I will be 15 will be necessary 31 she will be 16 you will not 32 and we would LESSON 16 OMISSION OF INITIAL SYLLABLES PREFIXES 101. In a few common words the initial syllable may be omitted without impairing the legibility of the outline. A list of such words follows: <$- adapt attention among about above adjust -. adopt a adjustment abandon amount abundant D again against agency another - arrive .--v v ... establishment . achieve ...U-rrr^.. endeavor . achievement .\^rrr7T^. enclose h (?. 'I. enclosure enough entitle opinion /> abundance - - - require engage rfj respect engagement r^.-. respond establish ....... responsible PREFIXES 102. Per, Pur, Pre expressed by disjoined B. perceptible --^ ?-. prepare ... precisely persuade .f^\. pretend ...S3i. preserve purpose . ..,^5..- . prefer ....fZk-*... perpendicular ^O" perpetual ...7^75^ perform ....^>, preliminary prefixes --fZh\ pursue ...^o---^-- premium 05 96 ROWE SHORTHAND 103. Pro expressed by disjoined BR. proceeds ^3 **>. - - promotion . . ^^ profound . . . . ^ . . ( 7 professional .. <3^ produce pronounce * / proficient ...f^j proprietor ../**--... propelled NOTE: Always write a disjoined prefix signers/. 104. The prefix Sub with its modified forms Sup, Suf, Sur, and Sus expressed by disjoined ST. suburb ..... ^Lx... surprise ...rs^.... subsequent subscribe* ....QJ?.... suffer ____ Q-r>... support -Q.- substance* . surrender ..Q^- ... surface suffixes ....Qr^. ..... sufficient ..... &^ > ... survival V^, $ suppose ____ Gk;---- subordinate ...Q^.... suspense * This prefix may be joined to an outline that begins with circle-.* or ST. 105. Super, Subter expressed by disjoined STR. superficial ...-Oy> ...... supervision .(^^ ____ superscrile ^..Q*- supernatural r.. . . ^\. . superheated ....(T^J.. subterranean ............. superintend _____ Q>i.... supersede ....Q ^. subterfuge ..... G --... 106. Tran, Trans expressed by disjoined TR. // - ..... transparent ..... -^--- transportation transmitter ... _/_,.. .. transfer ...j^.... transplant transmission...., .... translation -.--.. transvcrs ROWE SHORTHAND READING EXERCISE Letter 97 "D - - -X- -- '- -fQ --- ~v~ ---c/--^-^--' 98 ROWE SHORTHAND WRITING EXERCISE Words 1 perceive 2 perception 3 proportion 4 permission 5 substantial 6 procession 7 subsistence 8 transpose 9 submission 10 pertained 1 1 prohibit 12 suspender 13 prescribe 25 proposal 14 profile 26 surround 15 transform 27 suspicious 16 survey 28 perverse 17 previously 29 sustained 18 pronunciation 30 procure 19 supervisor 31 precaution 20 provision 32 subvert 21 prepay 33 transcript 22 submerge 34 prevent 23 proclaim 35 transgress 24 persistence 36 presume Letters Mr. R. W. Wells, 436 North Second Street, Camden, N. J. Dear Sir: We have an exceptional investment opportunity on hand at this time which should appeal to every investor desiring absolute safety and the maximum interest return. We therefore venture to address you again and to enclose a circular describing this investment. Your original inquiry asking for information about the securities we handle leads us to believe that you are an investor. Since you have not written us in reply to our recent letters, we are greatly handicapped in try- ing to learn your wants and to furnish you the specific information you de- sire. If you are interested, won't you kindly let us hear from you telling us how we can serve you? Very truly yours, (115 words) ROWE SHORTHAND 99 B. 0. 9 ,wru The First National Bank, J_ Portland, Oregon. p ^ Gentlemen: I regret the delay which has occuried in answering your letter of March 31 inquiring about Mr. John W. Green. By some means the letter was mislaid and came to my attention only yesterday. I have known the young man in question as a neighbor for about three years and have always considered him reliable. He comes of a good family and I think special attention has been given to his home training. He has had the advantage of a good education and I believe him to be a very bright young fellow. My knowledge of him is limited to his domestic life and I know very little of his business ability, but I feel sure he would rapidly acquire a knowledge of such duties as may be assigned to him. Very truly yours, (136 words) REVIEW TEST 1. To what characters does the enlarging principle apply? 2. How is t or d following the loop-/ expressed? 3. How are the past tense endings ted and ded expressed? What char- acters are made double length to add I or d? 4. How are it and to phrased to a preceding is or as ? 5. What sounds do the reversed circle and loop express? 6. What prefixes are expressed by the reversed circle? 7. W T hen may the prefix dis be expressed by the circle written on the regular side? 8. What sound is added to B and G by writing them upright? 9. What prefixes do the following disjoined signs express? B, BR, ST. STR, TR. 100 10. Write in shorthand: ROWE SHORTHAND 1 discernment 18 submerge 35 displeasure 2 defensive 19 jots 36 detailed 3 intensive 20 suspect 37 disfigure 4 suppressed 21 remits 38 insults 5 contingency 22 susceptible 39 measured 6 requirements 23 transpire 40 supersensitive 7 disposition 24 sublease 41 pronouns 8 disorder 25 provided 42 fitted 9 suffice 26 presume 43 subdivide 10 arts 27 precede 44 hotel 11 translucent 28 adults 45 sheets 12 natively 29 arrival 46 transcribe 13 propound 30 discouragement 47 transcription U spots 31 brevity 48 subside 15 disdain 32 disprove 49 perseverance 16 peta's 33 candid 50 greatness 17 badly 34 subway 51 disliked LESSON 17 KT AND ATE TERMINATIONS 107. The common termination kt (ct) is expressed by de- taching the consonant stroke preceding kt and writing it under the first character in the outline. In the word select, for example, L is written under S to imply the termination kt. NOTES: Verbs ending in kt are written according to this rule. In most cases it is unnecessary to add the syllables ed, lion, and live to a word ending in kt, since the context will readily determine which form of the word is to be read. Selected, selection, and selective may thus usually be represented by the same form as select. Should it be necessary at any time to distinguish these words, the appropriate sign should be added. select deduct ..../.-- instruct fa selected .__>.- ^n_ selection direct ----X- - inspect -.-i> v -.. selective -^ ., elect Tpxr. . . protect conduct . . / , . Y affect -~-J-^ perfect construct . -_... effect _^ ... restrict infect -2~, connect X) detect .../... 108. Letters or syllables following kt other than those men- tioned in the note in paragraph 107 are expressed by joining their signs to the detached stroke. connections ...^ manufacture ^T^.... conductor ^ electrical ..Tr^t.. directory -A deductible -- 101 102 ROWE SHORTHAND 109. The kt rule may be used to phrase short words ending in kt by writing the first character of such a word under the preceding outline. we will act __, created liberate . . _/s. remunerate ..... . creative ' creation exaggerate. . .]'!.... invigorate ..> -^. 112. The termination kation (cation) may often be most legibly represented by detaching the K and writing it above the preceding stroke in the outline. specifications .TTTTaTT^'.. qualifications ..f^I^.... confiscation ...v^-r^r:. modification -.-^- ..... communication ____ .^_^... justification ........... cultivation collection defective ventilation immigration granulated conflict demonstration classification products incorporated regulation o ROWE SHORTHAND REVIEW EXERCISE - fortunate -.-'^ - effective liquidation > legitimate '--- prostration - - conviction 103 7. . dejected . . . . neglected . _ violation *?.. ]/-.... corporation . eviction ^.. . . _ . generate jurisdiction hesitation 7 which fact ...... indication ....-f^r^... destruction . . / elaborate J^^-... attract f, - - identification ...J^:^,. project .. ^^ . . nomination - . ^~. notification . introduction J> . . . o/ READING EXERCISE Selection *: (iD-< 104 ROWE SHORTHAND Letter WRITING EXERCISE Messrs. Dickinson & Alexander, Newark, N. J. Gentlemen We have just completed arrangements by which the Eastern Shoe Manu- facturing Co. and the New York Shoe Co. will be merged into one corpor- ation to be known as the New York Shoe Manufacturing Co. Mr. J. D. Smith will be the president of the new corporation. We will occupy the factory now owned by the Eastern Shoe Manufacturing Co., which is one of the largest in the city. All the work will be done as here- tofore under the supervision of Mr. R. W. Frank. This arrangement will mean increased efficiency, considerable saving in manufacture, as well as a largely increased production. It will enable us to secure the maximum of quality at the minimum of price. ROWF SHORTHAND 105 We hope that our pleasant business relations of the past may be con- tinued and our account with you increased in volume as we demonstrate our ability to serve you better. Very truly yours, (150 words) Mr. Frederick C. Smith, 1892 South St., Scranton, Pa. Dear Sir: On November 15 we called your attention to a public utility investment which we could offer at a price to net 8%. We refer to the first mortgage bonds of the Kansas Electric Co. This property is one of our own enter- prises financed by ourselves and successfully operated for five years. We have two long term contracts extending beyond the life of the bond. A complete new generating plant has just been installed and a transmis- sion system into Brownsville is projected. This will enable us to serve a rich slate bearing region second only in importance in the United States. The story of this enterprise is told in a profusely illustrated booklet which we shall gladly mail free upon request. Very truly your?. (126 words! LESSON 18 PHRASING 113. Review all the phrases and phrasing principles on pages 6, 11, 17, 23, 28, 36, 45, 53, 58, 62, 75, 85, 86, 90, and 102. In constructing phrases in shorthand two things must be steadily borne in mind: Only words which have a sense connection should be phrased; and the outlines for the words should join easily. 114. Many phrases which occur frequently in business cor- respondence have been given in previous exercises. Practice the following additional list. A phrase is of little -value unless it has been so thoroughly memorized that it can be written without hesitation. Very sincerely yours Yours very sincerely Cordially yours We are in receipt of your letter Dear Madam " / " We have sent you We are sending you We are sorry We are very sorry very soon let us know let us have kindly let us know - we are very glad take care of your attention price list bill of lading years ago some time ago at this time at the present time last month list of the 106 ROWE SHORTHAND 107 115. The following is a list of useiul phrases beginning and ending with as. as far as as soon as possible as far as possible /T^x- as low as possible as long as -^*->-- as high as ^**<^ t? as well as e^*.... as little as as near as . .<->... '*?-... as fast as 116. To may frequently be omitted in phrasing, especially after able, regard, regret, reference, glad, and order. able to make , ^ 2 -~ 5 * n reference to this matter* .2-& able to leave !/>.. we are glad to have . ^.^-T7T^ unable to do , we are glad to make .- ^f/ with regard to the matter* .__ Js ^r^_ .. ..in order to make 1 , in regard to the matter* ought to have .. ..-__^_- with regard to your letter* -^/T^-^^-- ought to be , _ we regret to say* . <\,_ biology --(<) ---- geology * Add the KL hook to the detached O for ologicai. 126. Hood expressed by H. .^~ , manhood ~?f- ____ childhood ...\s^--- hardihood neighborhood ......... boyhood ____ ^-\^-, . . motherhood . . _. _^, brotherhood ---- ...... fatherhood iff. . .. livelihood ^ 112 ROWE SHORTHAND 113 127. Ingly expressed by loop-/ written in the place of the ing-dot. exceedingly ...S* becomingly warningly ..rr^. 7 f t- wastefulness- ~r^. _____ hopefulness ...... .^....lawfulness carefulness .-..*r7T??..... peacefulness ..... .^v. thoughtfulness \ 129. Guish, quish, guage expressed by Q. language ^/.----- distinguish ^_ relinquish vanquish .^ 130. Tilde, tute, tution expressed by D. solitude ---- constitution ..... - ----- multitude magnitude ... rrr/.. institution fi>- ..... attitude substitute ...... .... destitute ...../.... aptitude .&). 114 ROVVE SHORTHAND 131. Nificant, nificent expressed by N. significant ^^^ significance* magnificent magnificence* * Nificence is expressed by adding the circle-.? to N. 132. Ington expressed by a heavy dot written in place of the ing-doL Wilmington _ _^L. ... Lexington ^ Wellington _ _< 133. The suffixes live and sive in long words may often be more legibly represented by disjoined T and S. comparative..-.^- ____ affirmative ..^.^ .... deceptive __ exclusive - V. ...... initiative ...*/. ___ consecutive .-t inclusive ........... objective . - -y ..... superlative imperative . . ./>*. . . . subjective ----- ..... negative . NOTE: In most cases disjoined T can also be used for lively and tiveness, and disjoined S for sively and siveness. ROWE SHORTHAND READING EXERCISE Article 115 r^i.TZ, ..*....:> /........ . -..,. . -y^. .5^ .^ . -j. : -^- . -^1 116 ROWE SHORTHAND WRITING EXERCISE Letter Mr. K. L. Samuels, 467 Land Title Building, Galveston, Texas. Dear Sir: For the protection of our customers and the public, our banking depart- ment will be open each evening from seven until ten o'clock from December 2 to December 23 inclusive. If you find it convenient to do so, you are invited to deposit with us your cash receipts for the day and receive in exchange therefor a draft which you can deposit the following day with your own bank. If desired our armed steel bank car will call at your place of business at any hour during the day or evening that is convenient to you. We should of course be glad to have you open an account with us but you are welcome to make use of our facilities without any obligation. Our deposits of $1,200,000 are protected by resources aggregating almost $3,000,000. Very truly yours, (124 words) Selection My young friends, make yourselves believe while in school that when you leave to take a position all the knowledge you have obtained, and a great deal more, will be required of you; then you will get the most out of your course. When a position is offered, you will accept it with more confidence in yourself; you will feel that you have the ability to do any work in your line that may be demanded of you. Some students go through the course in a half-hearted manner, doing only what is required to be done. There are others who seem to lack an important element confidence in themselves. By their look, their dress, their walk, and their talk, they show lack of faith in themselves; an employer will not give them a trial because he sees they lack the qualities they should have ambition, aggressiveness, and efficiency. Do not believe that the requirements for graduation are too high but consider that the requirements of the business world are a little higher, and then set your standards a little higher still. Feel satisfied only when you have reached your standards. (191 words) LESSON 20 COMPOUND PREFIXES 134. When the prefixes con, com, col, cor, cog, and cum occur medially, they are indicated by writing the sign for the first letter of the initial syllable in the word close to or through the part which follows, con, com, etc. NOTE: The position of words written according to this rule is deter- mined by the vowel following the first consonant in the stem (not the prefix) of the word. Accom (A) ace accommodate ', accomplish /7i . - - accompany accommodation A accomplishment /?!_- accumu ' at e Circum (S) circumference - =*** circumspect -_----O.- circumvent circumflex =\- circumscribe -~^^S^>- - circumvention Decom (D) decompose ...../..-. disconnect ..-/- .y- discomfort % disconcert - - . >s -ff. - - discommode - - --/-- disconsolate economy __ _"~^, _____ economical ...7^ 3 ... Econ () 117 118 ROWE SHORTHAND Incom (/) > incomparable inconceivable ^1 inconvenient ,)' -^5 incommensurable ,-^Q, ' inconvenience *} -- .3... incomprehensible rTN/: . inconsiderable ...j ^ / incompetent .-.. v ^^--'. . .. / ~~~"~?j incontestable ..... i?ecow (). \7 _ reconcile ^^_^' recollect . . . ^^ / >y.- reconsider. .\^^--- recognize .. ->, ... _/>.. reconvey ** N recognition v -- self-confidence . -^ o Self-con (Cirde-s) ^ self command - - - -7- - self-conceit --^ / o / _ cplf-rnntninftd A - - self-comnlacent . .^TTT^ NOTE: The prefix self is expressed by writing the circle beside the first stroke in the outline, as shown in the following outlines. ROWE SHORTHAND 119 self-centered self-satisfied ._ self-examination 77 self-respect unconcerned unconventional uncontrollable - self-defense . . . A> self-denial . _ . ..selfish .....d... selfishness ..^ ^--self-assertive Ss-S^Z-c-r-sv. self-evident - . self-sacrifice ^TT^~^? self-reliance Uncon (U) unconditional . -S^ unconscious - -V;-- - - ) rrr^ . uncommon v- - . uncomfortable - - - \>*< - unconverted / . uncompromising 135. When the prefixes ac, oc, ab, ob, ap, and op occur medi- ally, they are indicated by writing the sign for the initial syllable of the word close to or through the part of the word which follows ac, oc, etc. Con, when occurring medially, is indicated by detaching the first letter (unmodified) of the initial syllable. See paragraph 134 and the note. Inac (I shortened) inaccurate inappreciable inaccessible .. unoccupied Unac (U shortened) unacceptable . .>j ^?.. unaccountable unobtainable ^r unapproachable . . unopposed 19 Coop (K shortened) cooperate . . .!">. cooperative ~l cooperation 120 rcappoint reoccupy ROWE SHORTHAND Rcac (R shaded) reappor tion - *- r eabsorb . . ^. _ r> . reappear V^S..i.. reobtain ^.. preoccupied Preac (P shaded) preapprehension 136. Other compound prefixes are formed by joining the characters which represent the simple prefixes. insufficient oU^, reproduce -- ^-. .. .represent j untranslatable -"^T indiscernible unsuspicious --'^W^- unprepared representative insubordination. 137. The negative of many words is formed by prefixing un or non. When the signs for these prefixes cannot be conven- iently joined, the word is made negative in meaning by a ver- tical tick struck through the outline. unwise unknown unlikely unlawful ..-^l..... unworkable unwelcome ..+-4:.,. uncertain unworthy ______ non-payment ROWE SHORTHAND 121 138. The phrases have been, had been, and has been may be made negative by striking a vertical tick through the sign. he has been he has not been we have not been it has not been which has not been we had not been you have not been you had not been READING EXERCISE Articles 122 RO\VK SHORTHAND WRITING EXERCISE Selection It is safe to say that not one stenographer in fifty fully appreciates her opportunities. Although she sits daily at the very fountains of business knowledge and intercourse, she is more apt to think of herself merely as a machine to take down, word for word, what is said to her than she is to ap- preciate her opportunity to become so familiar with the detail and spirit of the business that she can increase constantly in usefulness to her em- ployer and advancement in her work. She may learn to become expert in the art of business correspondence, which is one of the greatest of the arts of business life. She may learn to grasp the thought as well as the words, to suggest the word that does not readily come to the mind of the person dictating, to correct a slip of the tongue, and to make up the entire answer to many letters from a bare indication of her employer's wishes. But there are few stenographers who can do any of these simple things. The stenographer who can be trusted to make up a letter is rare. The one who can sign letters that have not been read by the dictator is also rare. If the least liberty is given in changing the phrasing of a letter, it usually has to be done over. It is this helplessness that reduces a stenographer's work to the merely mechanical copying of exact words. The stenographer has a unique business opportunity and seldom knows it. (254 words) Warren: "Thoughts on Business." KOWE SHORTHAND 123 REVIEW TEST 1. How are words ending in kt written? 2. Explain the writing of words ending in ate. 3. What suffixes do the following disjoined signs represent? GR,GL, O, H, FL, Q, D, X, T, S, loop-/, and heavy dot. 4. Write the outlines for the days of the week and the months of the year. 5. How are the prefixes con, com, etc., expressed when occurring medially? 6. Explain the writing of words in which the prefixes ac, ap, etc., occur medially. 7. What is the "negative sign" and when is it used? 8. How are the numerals 20, 30, etc., represented? 9. How may their, there be phrased? 10. How are hundreds, thousands, and millions when used with numerals expressed? What sign is used to express per cent? 124 ROWE SHORTHAND THE ROWE ALPHABET SHORT CHARACTERS R CH T \ i / Consonants J D M F MEDIUM CHARACTERS K Voxels E I O U LONG CHARACTERS N H W L TH P Q X Y SPACE CHARACTERS B G SH W1I r> u C D ST TR DR FR / / ^ R BLENDS KR THR PR BR GR SHR STR U C C COMPENDIUM OF RULES 1. Write by sound, omitting all silent letters. 2. Consonant characters are written on position to indicate a following vowel. 3. Positions are a, e, i, o, and u above the line, on the line, through the line, below (touching) the line, and under (free from) the line, respectively. 4. Vowel characters are used to express initial and final vowels. 5. The diphthongs au, oi, and ou are assigned to the a, i, and o positions respectively, and are differentiated from the other sounds of those positions by a dot placed beside the consonant stroke. 6. The vowel characters A, I, and are modified to the diphthongs au, oi, and ou by the dot. 7. T and D are written upward after T, TR, CH, and J. 8. W and L are "jogged" when followed by F or V. 9. The retrace for th is used when alphabetic TH cannot be conveniently joined at the end of a stroke. 10. A small circle expresses s. Circle-s is written on the regular side of strokes (on the inside of curves and with clock- wise motion on straight strokes), and on the outside of angles. 11. The circle-5 is used initially only when followed by a consonant. 12. A small loop written finally on the regular side of strokes expresses I. 13. Alphabetic L is used after short characters. 14. B is used to express either b or p (cognate sounds) after R, CH, T, D, J, F, V, Q, B, and G. 125 126 ROWE SHORTHAND 15. B is written as a final hook on the upper side of M, K, N, S, H, L, W, P, and X to express either b or p. 16. G is used to express either g or k (cognate sounds) after R, B, and G. 17. G is written as a final hook on the right side of CH, T, D, and J, and on the under side of all other characters to express either g or k. 18. B is diminished to express the blends bl and pi. 19. BL-PL is joined initially and finally to R, CH, T, D, J, F, V, Q, B, and G. When written initially BL-PL is placed on position to indicate a following vowel. 20. BL-PL is turned as a small hook, initially and finally, en the upper side of M, K, N, S, H, L, W, P, and X. 21. G is diminished to express the blends gl and kl. 22. G1-K1 is joined initially and finally to R, CH, T, D, J, B, and G. When joined initially G1-K1 is written on position to indicate a following vowel. 23. G1-K1 is turned as a hook initially and finally on the under side of all other characters. 24. The loop-/ is diminished to express the blend fl. When occurring initially, FL is written on position to indicate a fol- lowing vowel. 25. R following any character, consonant or vowel, is ex- pressed by shading the sign. 26. F, K, P, and TH are shaded at their extreme ends to add r (to distinguish such syllables from the blends FR, KR, PR, and THR). 27. All the long characters and B, G, SH, WH, and J are lengthened to add m or n. 28. The long characters are superlengthened to add nn, mm, nm, or mn. ROWE SHORTHAND 127 29. The medium characters, F, K, and M, and the vowel characters, A, E, I, and U, are shortened to add m or n. 30. T and D are written upward to add m or n. 31. All the space characters and the loop-/ are enlarged to add / or d. 32. D and DR are made double length to add t or d. Double length D expresses the final syllables ted and ded. 33. The circle-5 and loop-/ are written on the irregular side to express ts or ds and // or dl, respectively. 34. B and G, or any of their modified forms, are written up- right without slant to express a following sh. 35. The termination ki (ct) is expressed by detaching the consonant stroke preceding kt and writing it under the first character in the outline. 36. The termination ate is expressed by detaching the char- acter just before ate and writing it above the preceding part of the outline. 37. When the ate termination forms a separate syllable, it is expressed by detaching a and writing it above the preceding part of the outline. 38. When the prefixes con, com, col, cor, cog, and cum occur medially, they are indicated by writing the sign for the first letter of the initial syllable in the word close to or through the part which follows con, com, etc. 39. When the prefixes ac, oc, ab, ob, ap, and op occur medially, they are indicated by writing the sign for the initial syllable of the word close to or through the part of the word which follows ac, oc, etc. 40. A vertical tick struck through an outline may be used to express the negative of words and phrases. 128 ROWE SHORTHAND PHRASING RULES 1. The is joined to a preceding word by a small retraced curve written on the under side of the sign. 2. The circle-5 is used in phrasing to add is and us. 3. The loop-/ is used in phrasing to add will. 4. Be is joined to will by a hook written after the loop-/. 5. Ing-the is expressed by a small horizontal tick written in place of the ing-dot. 6. Ing-a, an is expressed by a small vertical tick written in place of the ing-dot. 7. Ing-us is expressed by writing the circle-5 in place of the ing-dot. 8. We, you, they, etc., are shaded to add r. 9. By writing a word-sign on w-position a following you or your is implied. 10. Been is added to have, has, and had by lengthening. 11. It or to is phrased to a preceding is or as by enlarging the circle-5 to ST. 12. The reversed circle is used in phrasing to add Us or it is. 13. The kt rule is used to phrase short words ending in kt by writing the first character of such a word under the preceding outline. 14. To may frequently be omitted in phrasing, especially after able, regard, regret, reference, glad, and order. 15. Their, there may be phrased to a preceding word by the shaded retrace. ROWE SHORTHAND 129 PREFIXES Joined Ad, of, at Al, el, il Am, an As Be Com, con De Dis, des Ed,ef Em, en Enter Im, in Inter, intro, Intel Re Um, un Ac, oc, ab, ob, ap, op Per, pur, pre Pro Sub, sup, suf, sur, sus Super, subter Tran, trans A Loop-/ A shortened Circle-^ B written in a more slanting manner K shortened D written in a more slanting manner Reversed circle-s E E shortened E shortened and shaded I shortened I shortened and shaded R shaded U shortened Disjoined Light dot B BR ST STR TR 130 ROWE SHORTHAND SUFFIXES Joined Fy, vy, thy Lessness Ment Shun Ration Ry, try, dry Ward Y and ly following a circle or loop Y, ty, and dy following an alphabetic character Fulness Graph, graphy, graphic Graphical, graphically Guish, quish, guage Hood Ing, thing Ings, things Ingly By making F, V, and TH more curved Less lengthened M shortened; following a long character, by superlengthen- ing the character SH written with less curvature Sign for shun shaded I shaded W written downward and shaded By extending the circle or loop across the stem of the stroke Disjoined Fl GR GL Q H Light dot Circle-.? written in place of the ing-dot Loop-1 written in place of the ing-dot ROWE SHORTHAND 131 Ington Heavy dot written in place of the ing-dot Ize, ized, ization I Nificant, nificent N Ology O Self, selves Circle-5 placed beside the stroke (This suffix may usually be joined.) Ship, shipped, shipment SH Sive, sively, siveness (in long words) S Tive, tively, tiveness (in long words) T Tilde, tute, tution D COMPLETE ALPHABETICAL LIST OF WORD-SIGNS a, an, and <"?. each i address ... . after .. f agent ... I/ equal I all ^ any, end -> for appropriate gave U are N .. give, given arrange, arranged ... | general I as half ask, asked e ' have at ' had ?_ behalf ^~- heard c behave <^- however change, changed I ~ s "" charge, charged | if character immediate, church is, his "7 1 circumstance it company judge, judged deliver, delivered, delivery 0^ \ necessity 1 do, dollar necessary 132 object of, off on, own one only opportune, opportunity or order, ordered owe, owed, owing particular practice, practiced, practical perhaps receipt receive, received request requisite satisfy, satisfied satisfactory subject ROWE SHORTHAND WORD-SIGNS Continued 133 JL ./. success succeed such the that thought to, too today under upon us which who will wish, wished with would word you, your z UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LIBRARY Los Angeles This book is DUE on the last date stamped below. QCT 2 195J MAR 9 - 1961 Form L9-25m-9,'47(A5618)444 UNIVERSITY ot AT LOS ANGELES Z^6 Reigner- R2?r Rowe shorthand. V A 000 573 627 7 R2?r BAKER V V".R kS, TEXAS