rt+Miimtm ;-NRLF B 3 12^ 20*1 tin 1 1 i-k i k V f t ■ ua i li ( IllKiwKwn < »ER^ T\ UBF UNIVE ?S» YY OF C AtlFO RKlA "ANTHROPOLOGY THE LIBRARY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA Anthropology IN MEMORY OF Martha Beckwith c *fi G 9 CONTENTS CHAPTER DC. Page . Journal continued — Her public profession of Religion . 63 CHAPTER X. Journal and Letters, written when Lucy was from thirteen to sixteen years of age 71 CHAPTER XL Her Character and Labors as a Teacher — Prayers in the Ha- waiian language — Letters 89 CHAPTER XII. Description of her tour around Hawaii — Visit to the Volcano 103 CHAPTER XIII. Letters to Lucy from the Missionaries 119 CHAPTER XTV. Lucy at the age of seventeen — Letters in view of her depar- ture from the Islands 131 CHAPTER XV. Views of Mr. and Mrs. Thurston in bringing their children to America — Journal — Parting Interviews — Letter to Lucy from her Father 144 CHAPTER XVI. Journal of her Voyage ... 155 CHAPTER XVII. Arrival in America — Letter to her Father — her sickness and death 179 CHAPTER XVIII. Conclusion — Review — Traits in Lucy's character worthy of imitation — Remarks ... 193 Appendix . . ... 210 TIIF MISSIONARY'S DAUGHTER CHAPTER I. DISCOVERY OF THE ISLANDS-GEOGRAPHY-SOIL— PRODUCTIONS— FIRST VISITS OF FOREIGNERS. The Sandwich or Hawaiian Islands were discovered by Captain Cook in the year 1778. They form one of the largest groups of islands belonging to that portion of the world called Polynesia, and are situated in the Pacific Ocean, in about 20 deg. north latitude, and about 155 of longitude west from Greenwich ; and about one-third of the distance from the western coast of Mexico to the eastern coast of China. They are ten in number : Hawaii, Maui, Kahoolawe, Lanai, Molokai, Oahu, Kauai, Nihau, and two small uninhabited islands ;* the first was for many years known as Owyhee, the land of Obookiah. Honolulu, * Pronounced Hali-wye-e, Mow-e, Kah-ho-o-lah-way. Lah-ni, Mo-lo-ki, O-ah-hoo, Kow-i, Ne-how. 10 THE MISSIONARY'S DAUGHTER on the island of Oahu, has the finest harbor in the islands, and has already become a seaport of considerable importance. These islands are supposed to be of volcanic origin. The soil consists chiefly of decomposed lava. Craters of extinct volcanoes, and evi- dences of eruptions, are everywhere to be seen. Earthquakes are not unfrequent in sev- eral of these islands, and on Hawaii is an im- mense volcano, whose mighty fires since first discovered, have not ceased to burn. The productions are not so various as those of many other islands and countries in the tropical regions ; yet many of the fruits of the torrid zone are found in perfection, and the soil is adapted to the cultivation of all the necessaries, and many of the luxuries of life. The culture of the sugar-cane has been suc- cessfully introduced within a few years, and in 1840 the first exportation of sugar and molasses was made from that country. The climate is mild and delightful, the ther- mometer ranging from 60 to 85 deg. of Fah- renheit. The inhabitants are of the same race as those of the other islands of Eastern Polyne- VISITS OF FOREIGNERS. 11 sia, and bear a strong resemblance, in many respects, to the inhabitants of Southern Asia But how long they had existed as a nation, previous to the discovery of the islands by Capt. Cook, or what was their origin, is a mat- ter of mere conjecture. He found them a race of degraded savages, and met his death at their hands.* During the forty years subsequent to their discovery, the islands were frequently visited by ships from various countries. Vancouver visited them in 1792, and established a friendly intercourse with the king and chiefs. Their convenient position procured them many visits from ships engaged in the whaling business, and in trade to China and the north-west coast of America. American merchants had established themselves there lon^ before the entrance of American missionaries ; but no improvement was made in the temporal or spiritual condition of the people. The love of gain had led many an adventurer to their shores, but as yet no one came with the voice * For further particulars of Capt. Cook's visit to these islands, see "Cook's Voyages." and " Dibble's History of the Sandwich Islands." 12 THE MISSIONARY'S DAUGHTER. of mercy — no one cared for their benighted souls. On the contrary, the vices of foreign lands, which were abundantly introduced, only sunk them deeper in corruption and misery. Their native treachery was confirmed and strengthened by the unfair dealings of sordid traders ;- fire-arms added a new facility to the indulgence of their cruel and malignant pas- sions ; and the introduction of intoxicating liquors, and the unrestrained licentiousness of the seamen, completed the degradation of this benighted people. CHARACTER OF THE NATIVES. 13 CHAPTER II. CHARACTER OF THE INHABIT ANTS-DESPOTIC GOVERNMENT -HAB- ITATIONS— DRESS-FILTHINESS— VICIOUS HABITS-IDOLATRY— TABU SYSTEM. It is difficult to present the character and condition of a heathen people in such a light that they may be appreciated by those who dwell in these favored ends of the earth. There are so many circumstances which go to make up the sum of human civilization and tempo- ral comfort, that they are seldom all taken into account. The writer can truly say, that after reading for years the various histories of pagan nations, and the accounts of missiona- ries who have labored among them, she had formed no such idea of the degradation of the heathen, as is gained by listening to the verbal accounts of the missionaries who first planted the standard of the cross among them. A re- cent writer says on the subject, " I had some sense of the degradation of the heathen, the first year of my residence among them, but the whole period of seven years did not serve to reach in conception the immense, the fath- omless depth." We will present a few of the 14 THE MISSIONARY'S DAUGHTER. most striking facts tending to show the condi- tion of these islanders, when first visited by the missionaries. They were a nation of ignorant, degraded, naked savages. Their government was an ab- solute despotism. The common people were in the most abject slavery to the king and chiefs. Their lives and property being at the arbitrary disposal of their rulers, they were destitute of motive to activity or enterprise. Their dwellings were thatched huts ; a mat upon the ground and three calabashes or gourd- shells, one for fish, another for poi',* and a third for water, their only articles of furniture. Sitting around these calabashes, they took their food with their fingers, and then slept promis- cuously like a herd of cattle, upon the mat, which served alike for a seat, a table, and a bed. The houses of the chiefs were of a better character, but their comforts and conveniences were but little above those of the common peo- ple. The habits of all classes were filthy in the extreme. Cutaneous diseases were universal, and from the highest chief to the lowest sub- ject, not an individual was free from vermin * Pronounced po-c. DRESS AND HABITS. 15 The kinsr and chiefs had in some degree adopted the American style of dress, and wore garments in their intercourse with foreigners. But in general their only clothing was a strip of native cloth, made of the bark of trees, and the common people were accustomed to go entirely naked. Even the female chiefs, in the early period of the residence of the mis- sionaries on the islands, have entered their houses in a state of perfect nudity, and with- out the least sense of impropriety or shame. Oh, who can tell the pain of heart that our missionary sisters have felt, the trials to which their sensibilities have been subjected, in taking up a residence among such a people. Thanks be to God, they have had no incon- siderable share in the honor and privilege of elevating this nation, and of placing their own sex in a position alike favorable to their tem- poral comfort and their eternal salvation. But poverty and filth were not their greatest miseries. They were in every sense a corrupt and vicious nation. The family compact was unknown. Polygamy was common, and licen- tiousness universal. Parental affection was ca- pricious, and children were often sacrificed at 16 THE MISSIONARY'S DAUGHTER. their birth, merely because their parents wished to be rid of them. Treachery and deceit were so common, that the missionaries were obliged to watch their household effects when a native was present, and even conversing with them. And while their language abounded in terms expressive of the grossest practices and vices, it was destitute of such as would convey an idea of virtue or rectitude. In conversation, as in all other intercourse, they knew no restraint. And the missionaries remark, that after years of in- struction and example, it is still difficult for the people to conceive of the proprieties of con- versation, or to understand that there should be any subject of discourse not common to both sexes, and proper under all circumstances. Their religion was a system of cruel idola- try. Human sacrifices were common ; their altars literally flowed with human blood, mul- titudes being often sacrificed at one offering. And now, as the missionary goes abroad upon some pedestrian tour, to preach the Gospel to the people, he passes here and there a demol- ished temple, around which lie the bleaching bones of human victims. Connected with their idol- worship was the THE KABU SYSTEM. 17 fcabu system. This was a system of arbitrary restrictions and prohibitions imposed upon the people by the king and priests. The word " kabu," or tabu, as it is commonly written, implies " consecration ;" and when applied to this religious system, signified that certain persons, places, seasons, and things were sa- cred to the gods, or to certain persons and purposes. The least failure in the observance of the kabu was punished with death. Certain animals and trees were sacred to the gods ; certain kinds of food were sacred to the kins* and priests ; particular days and sometimes weeks were sacred to the worship of the gods, or to the service of the king and chiefs, and during these seasons the most common acts of life were forbidden. The persons of the king, chiefs, and priests were, at times, so sacred that no individual could accidentally behold them without suffering death. These prohi- ditions were inconceivably numerous, and vio- lations of them so unavoidable, that the kaba seemed like a system for effecting the destruc- tion of human beings, and the absolute misery of those who survived, rather than a system of religious observances. Miss. Daughter. 2 18 THE MISSIONARY'S DAUGHTER No class of persons felt the burden of the kabn as did the females. Women were forbidden to eat with men, or to partake of the choicest kinds of meat, fish, or fruit. Even the highest female chiefs were under these cruel restrictions. A female missionary once said to me, " It is to the Christian religion that you owe the privilege of sitting at this table with your husband, and of eating the fruit that you hold in your hand. Before we went to the country where I have been laboring, no woman was allowed to sit at table with her husband, and, except one favorite queen, not a woman in the kingdom could taste fruit, under penalty of death." To sit at table with a husband was too great an honor, and to eat fruit too great a luxury for a woman. Oh, what an amount of suffering has paganism inflicted on the fe- male sex. How long have their sighs and tears gone up to an "unknown God," without an answer. But the prayer of the Christian's faith has brought relief. Here, as in every other country not enlightened by the beams of the Sun of righteousness, woman was sunk to the lowest place of abjection; but here she has already " lifted up her head and rejoiced" NATIVE POPULATION. 19 in the light, and felt the elevating power of the Gospel. Not half the evils of the condition of this people are here taken into account. But even to these their native miseries, acid the deadly vices introduced from Christian lands during an intercourse of forty years, and the reader may form some conception of the state in which they were found twenty years ago by the American missionaries. The population of the Sandwich Islands was estimated by Captain Cook at 400,000. Whether that was correct or not, it was then much larger than it is at present. Various causes, connected with their religion, govern- ment, and domestic customs, have long com- bined to depopulate the islands. The last census shows but 108,500 inhabitants. Since the labors of the missionaries have commenced, the progress of depopulation has been retarded, but not arrested. Yet we may indulge the hope that this nation is not des- tined to melt away before the progress of civ- ilization, but to remain a lasting monument of God's providence and grace, in bringing the isles of the seas under his dominion. 20 THE MISSIONARY'S DAUGHTER. CHAPTER III. REMARKABLE EVENTS OF DIVINE PROVIDENCE, WHICH PREPARED THE WAY FOR THE MISSION TO THE SANDWICH ISLANDS. In the conversion of no nation from Pagan- ism to Christianity, has the providence of God been more strikingly manifest, than in open- ing the way for the introduction of the Grospel, and promoting its progress in the Sandwich Islands. The different islands of the group were for- merly governed by separate and independent kings and chiefs. They were frequently en- gaged in cruel and exterminating wars with each other, which have probably greatly accel- erated the depopulation of the islands. A for- midable obstacle to the introduction of Chris- tianity was removed, only a few years previous to the arrival of the missionaries, by the union of the islands under the government of one ruler. This was Kamehameha. He was a petty chief of one of the districts of Hawaii ; possessing remarkable powers of mind, bold- ness of purpose, and great physical energy. He had been successful in some of his contests with other chiefs of his island, and formed the KAMEHAMEHA. 21 design of subjecting all the islands to his do- minion. In this bold project he was at length successful, and by the rare combination of en- ergy of character, a mild disposition, and a humane attention to the welfare of his subjects, established a consolidated government. Kamehameha derived some benefit from his intercourse with foreigners, and made the first attempt to adopt the customs of civilized life among his people. He endeavored to intro- duce the mechanic arts, encouraged commerce, and seemed to have some obscure ideas of ele- vating his nation. The news of the great change wrought in the Society Islands — where the London Missionary Society had been for many years laboring — had reached him, and he and the more intelligent of his people had already begun to sigh for the better religion of the land afar off. But Kamehameha died a heathen. " Feel- ing after God if haply he might find him," on his death-bed, he entreated of a foreigner by his side, " Tell me plainly of the religion of the Bible, and of the Christian's God." But alas, no messenger of the everlasting Gospel was there, to point him to the Lamb that was 22 THE MISSIONARY'S DAUGHTER. slain ; and the soul of the king, and the priest went untaught to the bar of God. Kamehameha died on the 8th of May, 1819 He was succeeded by his son Liholiho, who struck the fatal blow to the kabu system. On an appointed day, after consultation with his chiefs, the king sat down to the table of the women of the royal family, and declared the kabu to be abolished. The decree was pro- claimed through the islands. The temples were destroyed, the altars thrown down, the idols burned, and the debasing system of idolatry, under which this wretched people had for ages suffered, and for which thousands of deluded beings had bled and died, was in one day brought to the ground. The nation had " put away their strange gods from among them." The isles were waiting for God's law, and He who had thus wonderfully prepared the way, was no less wonderfully preparing to send his law and his Gospel to them. Does the reader remember to have heard of Obookiah, or Obukahaia, the Sandwich Island youth, who sat on the steps of the college build- ings at New Haven, and wept, as he thought he could gain no access to the paths of knowledge ? OBUKAIIAIA. 23 Obukahaia was born in Hawaii about the year 1795, in the reign of Kamehameha. Dur- ing a civil war his parents were slain before his eyes, and he was kept a prisoner till found by his uncle, the high-priest of the island, who took him to his own home. Even in his sav- age boyhood, he seems to have possessed tender sensibilities. He mourned his orphan state, was restless and unhappy, and formed the de- sign of leaving his native land. In 1809, he availed himself of an opportunity of coming to the United States. He was brought to New Haven, Conn., where he soon showed a strong desire for instruction, was taken by the hand and instructed by the Rev. C. N. Dwight ; and was subsequently under the care of the lament- ed and revered Samuel J. Mills, till he entered the foreign mission school at Cornwall, Conn. Obukahaia was a lovely and promising youth. He made rapid progress in knowledge, and gave early evidence of piety. His heart bled in view of the miseries of his countrymen, and he was laboring to prepare himself to carry back to them the blessed Gospel, when he was seized with a fever, and died on the 17th of February, 1518. But " he died as a Christian 24 THE MISSIONARY'S DAUGHTER. would wish to die. And he had not lived in vain. Life's great end had been accomplished in the preparation of his own soul for the life to come. His tears on the college threshold, more than any thing else, had called the mis- sion school into existence, and secured the preparation of several others of his countrymen, to return to the islands instructed in the way of life. He had lived until the interest in his kindred according to the flesh had become gen- eral, and a mission to the Sandwich Islands was rendered certain and near at hand." The hearts of these Hawaiian kings were in the hands of the Lord, and while he turned them as the rivers of waters are turned, he led this orphan boy to a Christian land, and gave him a part equally important in accomplishing his will. For may we not believe that the prayers of Obukahaia with his devoted teacher Mills, and other Christians in America, had a prevailing efficacy, in accomplishing that change which took place while the missiona- ries were on their way across the ocean ?* * The first missionaries sailed on the 23d of October, and it was in the early part of November, that the kabu system was abolished by Liholiho. FIRST MISSIONARIES 25 CHAPTER IV. FIRST MISSION COJfPANY— ARRIVAL— CHANGE EFFECTED IN TWENTY YEARS. On the 23d of October, 1819, the brig Thad- deus sailed from Boston, bearing the first com- pany of missionaries to the Sandwich Islands. Previous to their embarkation, they were formed into a mission church of seventeen members — Rev. Messrs. Thurston and Bin*- ham and their wives, with five other assistant missionaries and their wives, and three Sand- wich Island youths, who had been educated at the Cornwall school, and were prepared to act as interpreters to the missionaries on their arrival. After a safe passage, they landed at Kailua on the 4th of April, 1820, little expect- ing the intelligence that awaited them. They had been preparing to contend with all the op- position of a system strengthened by age, and the prejudices of ignorant superstition; but behold, the people were waiting for the new religion of which they had heard, and welcomed Do their shores the teachers of salvation. The missionaries were kindly received by the king and chiefs, who became their first 2fi THE MISSIONARY'S DATTGHTHP pupils and their kindest friends. And while they have enjoyed the favor and protection of the government, they have received every en- couragement, and enjoyed every facility, which it was in the power of uncivilized rulers to bestow, in diffusing the knowledge of civiliza- tion and the Christian religion among the com- mon people.* It would be interesting to trace the peculiar providence of God, in the various events that have marked the progress of the mission in the Sandwich Islands ; to portray the contrast which is visible between these islands as they now are, and as they were twenty years ago ; to speak of the churches which have taken the place of heathen temples, the common-schools, and boarding-schools, and seminaries which have gathered in thousands of the children — of the printing-presses which have scattered books of instruction and science, maps, and, at * It is a humiliating fact, that the only opposition with which our missionaries have ever had to contend, in their self-denying labors in the Sandwich Islands, has been caused by the influence of foreigners ; and too often by those who boasted the same American origin, and should have rejoiced to take the missionaries by the hand, and claim tbern as brethren. , CHANGES WROUGHT. 27 length, the entire Bible in the Hawaiian lan- guage, over every part of the land — of the va- rious arts which have already been successfully introduced, and have, to a wonderful degree, ameliorated the condition of the people ; and especially to describe the great and powerful revivals of religion which have passed over the whole face of the islands, and brought thou- sands of souls in submission to the feet of Jesus. It would be delightful here to dwell upon the conversion and characters of Keaupuolani,* Kaahumanu, Opiia, and Kinau, who have lit- erally fulfilled the prediction, " Queens shall become nursing mothers" to the church — to speak of Kaumuolii, Koapilikani, and Keau- moku, of Nauhi and Kapiolani, and a number of other chiefs, who early embraced the truth as it is in Jesus, and who have gone, as their spiritual guides believe, to cast their crowns at the feet of their Saviour, and to enter upon their eternal rest. Something of this change may be learned from the memoir before us, and some of these * Pronounced Kay-ow-poo-o-lah-ne, Kah-ah-hoo-mah- noo, O-pe-e-ah, and Ke-now; Ko\v-moo-o-le-e, (formerly written Taraoree,) Ko-ah-pe-le-kah-ne, Ka-ow-mo-koo, Now-he, Kah-pe-o-lah-ne. 28 THE MISSIONARY'S DAUGHTER. distinguished and interesting heathen converts are here alluded to. But the reader must be referred to other sources for a particular his- tory of this interesting and successful mission. One missionary band after another have gone to take up their abode in these islands, until the people have already enjoyed the instruction of more than one hundred laborers. The Lord is carrying on the work which he commenced; and while his devoted servants have had great encouragement in their toils and trials, and the dying testimony of many ransomed heathen has been to them a large reward, they will never cease to ascribe the praise " to Him who alone doeth wondrous things," and in view ol the events of the past twenty years, to say, "What hath God wrought !" For further particulars of the history of the Sandwich Islands, and of the progress of Chris- tianity upon them, the reader is referred to "Ellis' Polynesian Researches," "Stewart's Sandwich Islands," " Tracy's History of the American Board," "Dibble's History of the Sandwich Islands," and " The Missionary Her- ald ;" to which works the writer is indebted for many of the facts contained in these chapters. CHILDREN OF MISSIONARIES. 29 CHAPTER V. RESIDENCE OF MR. AND MRS. THURSTON— PECULIAR TRIALS OF MIS- SIONARY FARENTS -VIEWS OF MR. AND MRS. THURSTON WITH RESPECT TO THEIR CHILDREN. Mr. and Mrs. Thurston remained at Kailua* a few months after their arrival at the islands, and then removed to Honolulu, at the same time that the residence of the kins: and court was also changed. They resided two years at Honolulu, and then returned with two children to Kailua, where they have ever since resided, and where Mr. Thurston remains, the oldest ministerial laborer in the Sandwich Islands. From the description of the natives, and of the state of society, given in a previous chap- ter, it will be readily supposed, that the ques- tion, how children should be shielded from the influences by which they were surrounded, would be one of the deepest interest to the missionaries. For the abolition of idolatry did not change the customs of society, nor did the toils and tears of missionary labor make them at once a civilized people. This has been a * Pronounced Ki-loo-ah, Hon-o-loo-loo. 30 THE MISSIONARY'S DAUGHTER. slow work ; and even now, they are far from being, in their habits and modes of life, what their teachers desire them to be. Many in this country who are familiar with the history of missions, have little idea of the difficulties to be met in rearing families on heathen ground, and consequently they do not appreciate a pe- culiar class of trials to which their exiled breth- ren are exposed. Imagine the devoted mis- sionary laboring among a savage people, who, in their daily intercourse, pass about almost, and often entirely naked, whose children are familiar with vice in all its most debasing forms, and whose conversation is more fre- quently than otherwise of the most gross, ob- scene, and shocking character. Would you have his children associate with such a people ? It cannot be. This has been proved in other mission fields, by the painful departure of the beloved children of the missionaries of both sexes, who have associated with the natives, and become assimilated to them in desrada- tion and corruption. The principles of evil have a fatal tendency, and the depraved heart drinks in iniquity even from the polluted streams of pagan and savage vices. CHILDREN OF MISSIONARIES 31 The most of the missionaries have considered it necessary to send their children to America in their early childhood, that they might be entirely removed from the dangerous associa- tions of a heathen country, and receive their education under the more benign influences of a Christian land. Mr. and Mrs. Thurston determined to make the experiment of rearing their children on heathen ground. They well knew the difficul- ties they must encounter, but they believed it to be their duty to train up the children God had given them, and it was also their opinion that the influence of Christian families was to be an important means of elevating a heathen people. The mysterious providence which a few months since removed one of their dear chil- dren, just as she had reached the dawn of wo- manhood, and had planted her feet upon the shores of her fatherland, has presented to our minds the result of this experiment in one in- stance. May the simple story of this beloved girl enkindle new sympathies in the hearts of American Christians in behalf of their mission- ary brethren, and awaken new desires and 32 THE MISSIONARY'S DAUGHTER more fervent prayers for the children of mis- sionaries. It is not for himself that the missionary feels his privations. He is willing to toil and strug- gle on, and " not give up till he receives the crown." But, Christian parent, he loves his children as you love yours. And must he rear them up without Christian institutions, with- out the preaching of the Gospel in their own language, without society, and without schools ; or must he send them from his own fostering care in their tender years, and scatter them from himself and from each other, to seek their fortunes in another land ? In either case, you have his sorest trial. It is this which causes him many days of anxious solicitude, and many nights of tears and prayers — this, in which he asks the combined wisdom and sympathies and prayers of his brethren at home and abroad ; and under this, his faith in Abraham's God alone sustains him. LUCY'S CHILDHOOD. 33 CHAPTER VI. ^ ' LUCY'S BIRTH AND CHILDHOOD— TRAITS OF CHARACTER— CIRCUM- STANCES IN WHICH HER EDUCATION WAS CONDUCTED. Lucy Goodale Thurston, the subject of this memoir was born at Honolulu, on the island of Oahu, on the 25th of April, 1823. She was the second child of Rev. Asa and Mrs. Lucy G. Thurston. Mr. Thurston was a native of Fitchburg, and Mrs. Thurston, of Marlborough, Mass. Lucy was six months old when her parents returned to Kailua, on the island of Hawaii.* *Lahaina Maui, Nov. 30, 1823. Mr. and Mrs. Thurston remained with us one week, and then left us in fine spirits, to take their station, and unfurl the banner of the cross on the rocky shores of Hawaii. I admired the spirit with which Mrs. Thurs- ton, after bidding us farewell, sprang into a rude canoe with her two children ; and I watched them with a glass with lively interest, as they paddled through the break- ers, to the open sea. No preparation appearing to have been made on board the brig, to hoist her on deck in a chair, w r hich is usually done, she intrepidly mounted the ship's quarter by the manropes ; and stood ready to waive us a distant farewell, before many others of the same refinement, could have determined even to attempt as- cending to the quarter-deck, as she had done. Stewart's Sandwich Islands. Miss. Daughter. {_> 34 THE MISSION AKS S DAUGHTER. Feeling it necessary to separate their family entirely from the savage people among whom they resided, these parents sedulously guarded their children from all intercourse or associa- tion with them. They were not allowed to learn the native language till they were twelve years of age, nor to go beyond their father's yard without being attended by one of their parents. Mr. and Mrs. Thurston kindly informed the natives that their customs and practices differed essentially from the people of America, and that they wished their children educated en- tirely on the principles, and according to the customs of a Christian country. The natives readily admitted the propriety of the arrange- ments, and cheerfully assented to the restric- tions. In these circumstances, Lucy's character was emphatically formed at home. Her childhood was passed in a retirement and seclusion of which children in this country have little con- ception. Her sister and brother, and the chil- dren of an associate missionary, were her only companions, and the wall of her father's yard bounded her every-day's enjoyments and ex- pectations. LUCY'S CHILDHOOD. 35 But even here were pleasant scenes. Here genial influences watered her young heart, and brought forth their blessed fruits in a life of loveliness and an end of peace. Hers was a peaceful home. Affection made it happy, and regular and varied occupations added zest to its enjoyments. Here, shut out from the excitements of a civilized world, and in a measure from the darkness of heathenism with which she was surrounded, and under the fostering care of affectionate and pious parents, Lucy felt not the privations to which she was subjected. And when with her mother and sister she walked along the shores of the broad Pacific, and listened to tales of her fatherland, and of a Christian land, her heart never sisrhed for the far-off region she had brightly pictured in her imagination ; and she returned with a contented spirit to her " quiet home at Kailua." The works of nature were a prolific source sf happiness to Lucy. Unlike children who are surrounded with ever-varying sources of amusement, and who live amid scenes of change and excitement, she learned in her childhood to realize and enjoy the beauty and grandeur of the natural world. Few improve- 36 THE MISSIONARY'S DAUGHTER. ments of art met her eye. She had not seen the architecture of civilized cities, or admired the tastefully decorated grounds of a cultivated country. But the page of nature she had care- fully studied. The flowers of the mountain, and the shells of the sea, were among the choicest treasures of her young heart. She communed with the stars, and watched with delight the varied forms and hues of the sum- mer clouds. She saw beauty in the crested billows of the ocean, and heard music in its roar ; and when she looked upon the evidences of Kilauea's* mighty fires, and felt its earth- quakes beneath her feet, she was awed before the power of God. How much influence such circumstances have in forming the character of children we cannot tell ; but it is not im- probable that they had their effect in pi educ- ing that calm, placid, and meditative spirit which Lucy possessed, and in fostering that reverence for her heavenly Father's name and character, and that delight in the study of his works, which she manifested from her earliest years. Lucy's disposition was naturally very uni* * Pronounced Ke-low-a-ah. LUCY'S CHILDHOOD. 37 form and amiable. She was mild and docile, submissive to her parents, and exceedingly affectionate and kind to her brothers and sis- ters. These traits, so lovely in childhood, were the ornaments of her maturer years, and with a peculiar humility of feeling and modesty of deportment, were prominent features of her character. "With such tastes and dispositions, was it strange that Lucy Thurston was happy in her seclusion, and that till her dying hour her heart clung with fondness to her childhood's home ? Mrs. Thurston had been engaged in teaching previous to entering upon missionary life ; and feeling it important that her husband should be wholly given to the work of the minister and missionary, she assumed the charge of her children's education. For this purpose she de- voted much time to their systematic instruc- tion. As soon as they were old enough to en- ter upon a course of study, she set apart reg- ular hours for teaching them. Their circum- stances were favorable to study, and to the cultivation of a taste for knowledge. They were dependent upon books, and they prized 38 THE MISSIONARY'S DAUGHTER. the information derived from them. " Thus, year after year," writes a missionary friend, in speaking of this family, " the happy little cir- cle were employed in the pursuit of literature and science, loving and being loved, attentively listening to the instructions of their excellent parents, and abundant in reciprocal acts of kindness to each other." This family school was an object of great interest to the natives, who often dropped in to witness its operations, and expressed their delight in observing the docility and industry of the children. Their intervals of relaxation afforded Mrs. Thurston the opportunity of con- tinuing her instructions to the natives, and when she assembled her class of mothers around her, and instructed them in their du- ties, the tear would gather in many an eye, as they would say, " Your children love you, and mind you ; but ours, we cannot do for them as you do." Some of these mothers remembered the children whom their own hands had put to death. How could this model of a Christian school fail to have its influence upon the people among whom it was established. Example is as LUCY'S childhood. 39 powerful as precept, and is as important in reforming the characters of pagan savages, as in forming the characters of children in an enlightened country. A Christian mother must bear an important part in advancing the cause of Christ, and of civilization too, among the heathen, by training up her family upon Chris- tian principles, and after the customs of a civ- ilized land. Here these children remained secluded from the world, and deprived of the advantages of society, except what they enjoyed from occa- sional intercourse with the families of other missionaries, until the eldest was nineteen, and Lucy seventeen years of age. But here they enjoyed the society and instructions of intelli- gent parents, and the history of the one who has been suddenly cut off will show that even in such circumstances, children may make extensive and valuable acquirements. Lucy possessed good natural powers of-mind, without peculiar readiness or vivacity. Her memory was unusually retentive. She was accurate in the study of languages, and math- ematics, as far as she advanced, but had more taste for the natural sciences. Her favorite 40 THE MISSIONARY'S DAUGHTER. study, when a child, was botany, and she was very fond of astronomy, natural philosophy, and chemistry. But no better evidence is needed of the character of her mind, and the cultivation it had received, the peculiarity of her intellectual tastes, and the attainments she made as a scholar, than her writings afford. Availing herself of every facility for improv- ing her children, and of giving them proper and pleasant employment, Mrs. Thurston in- structed them early in composition. This was not only of great advantage in leading to thought, and promoting ease of expression, but opened a new source of pleasure in their iso- lated situation, by enabling them early to cor- respond with their relatives in this country, and with missionaries in the islands. Lucy commenced a journal when she was eight years of age ; and continued it, with occasional interruptions, till two weeks before her death. She also, when quite young, com- menced a correspondence with some of the chil- dren of the missionaries, and with her young relatives in this country, and subsequently ex- changed letters with several of the missiona. ries. It is chiefly by extracts from this jour LUCY'S CHILDHOOD. 41 nal, and from some of the letters of which we have copies, that we propose to present her character and the peculiar circumstances under which it was formed. And it is believed that the introduction of Lucy's journal and letters will not only be interesting, as they serve to exhibit the character and improvement of a mis- sionary's child ; but also, as showing " life as it is" among missionaries, in as faithful a manner as it could be given by abler pens. But let the reader bear in mind, that this journal was not written by one who had passed through the period of childhood and youth, and through a course of education, and who ex- pected to write for the entertainment of mature minds, or for the edification of the public ; but by a child in the progress of her education, and who had not the most distant idea that her writings would ever attract the notice of anv individual beyond the circle of her own family and intimate friends. 42 THE MISSIONARY'S DAUGHTER. CHAPTER VII. EXTRACTS FROM LUCY'S JOURNAL AND LETTERS, WRITTEN WHEN SHE WAS FROM EIGHT TO TWELVE YEARS OF AGE. The first extract we make from Lucy's jour- nal was written when she was eight years of age, and alludes to the birth of a sister, which took place during a rough passage from Kailua to Honolulu, whither the family were going to pass a few weeks, that Mrs. Thurston might be under the care of a physician. " July, 1831. — Last June our family, Mr. Bishop's, and Mr. Ruggles', sailed in the Wa- verley, for Oahu. The voyage was three days in length, and we were very sea-sick. It was the first time I remember sailing in a vessel. In the morning of the third day, we went down into the cabin, and saw a little babe lying in a native woman's lap. Afterwards father brought it, and laid it between us in our berth, and said it was a little sister. A double canoe came off, and mother was carried ashore on a mattress. Persis and I went in a single canoe with Mr. Ruggles After three weeks we sailed for Kailua. Our little sister has been JOURNAL AND LETTERS. 43 named Mary Howe, after her. grandmother Sometimes we call her Daughter of the Ocean." Were it suitable to relate the particulars of the event alluded to, it would present a page of missionary trial that would touch the tender- est chord of ever}' mother's heart. Let Chris- tian females bear in mind, that their mission- ary sisters do indeed " take their lives in their hands," when they leave their homes, and their mothers and sisters, and take up their abode amonsf the heathen. The individuals mentioned, and a crowd of natives, sleeping on the deck, were the only persons on board a small dirty native vessel at this time. The history of the "native woman" men- tioned is interesting. When an infant, she was buried alive by her mother. Being but partially covered with stones and dirt, her cries attracted the notice of a passer-by, whose hu- manity saved her from a cruel death. She was spared to see the light of the Gospel, was one of the early converts to Christianity, be- came the wife of one of the native deacons of Mr. Thurston's church, and died a few years since rejoicing in the hopes of the Gospel. 44 THE MISSIONARY'S DAUGHTER. "Dec. 10, 1831. — Some time ago father walked in here with his singing-book under his arm, and called Persis, Asa, and myself. He practised with us in raising and falling the eight notes. Ever since, he has been in hero every day after dinner, and had a singing- school with us. Mother teaches the natives We have learned thirteen tunes. "Sept. 22, 1833.— Last Monday night, mother, Persis, Asa, and myself went down to Mr. Bishop's to gaze upon the stars, as Mr. Bishop had kindly offered to show us how to find the constellations on the celestial globe. He pointed out to us Ursa Major, Ursa Minor, Orion, and several others. We were exceed- ingly interested in it. The next morning we went down a^ain. We are now able to find them ourselves without help. Every morning we learn the name of some new star." LETTER TO MES. SPALDING. "Kailua, Dec. 25, 1833. " My very dear Friend — We were very happy to receive a letter from Mr. Spalding. We do not forget you. We love to hear from you, and often think and talk of you all. . . . We are studying optics in natural philosophy. Wa JOURNAL ANL LETTERS. 45 learned to-day that black things absorbed all the rays of light, and white things reflected them all. A rose is red, because all the rays are absorbed beside the red rays. Grass is green, because all the rays are absorbed beside the green rays. Ink is black, because all the rays are absorbed. Milk is white, because all the rays are reflected. I am also studying decimal fractions in Colburn's Sequel. We all think of you with great affection " Please to give my love to all my friends. " From your affectionate friend, "LUCY. " Mrs. Julia B. Spalding, Lahaina, Maui.' 7 LETTER TO WILLIAM AND CHASLES RICHARDS. "Kailtja, Aug. 16, 1834, " My dear friends "William and Charles — Last Saturday in the forenoon we went down to bathe. It was spring tide. We bathed in a little pond ; and when the tide came in, it seemed as if we were in the middle of the ocean. We like to bathe very much. Do you know .how many spring tides we have in a month ? How many neap ? Which tide is the highest, spring or neap ? Yesterday night there was a great fire in the village, and twelve 46 THE MISSIONARY'S DAUGHTER. houses were burnt, with a good deal of prop. erty. The fire was very large, and the sparks went up very high, and appeared like stars, and then descended. Keoua's two houses, and the houses of several principal people, were burnt with them. Smoking caused the fire. " We had an earthquake at the same time that you did. It stopped our clock. We had another about a week after ; they were both in the night. Latin is very interesting ; we wish you to study it. It is very easy studying in the Latin Reader. Asa gets a new declension and parses two new words every day. I hope you will write every opportunity, and tell us all about what you are doing. " Please to give my love to your parents, to Miss Ogden, to your brothers and sisters, and to all my friends. " From your affectionate friend, '•LUCY G. THURSTON. " Masters William and Charles Richards, "Lahaina, Maui." " Aug. 1834. — While at the general meeting at Oahu, we several times saw Mr. Douglass, an English naturalist. He left Honolulu a week before we did, with Mr. Diell'and Mr. JOURNAL AND LETTERS. 47 Goodrich, for the purpose of exploring this island. A few days since, we heard that he 'fell into a pit, where he was killed by a wild bullock. They were expecting him that day at Hilo, but instead of giving him a welcome, they were shocked by having his corpse brought wrapped in a bullock's skin. It was put into a coffin with salt, and sent down to Oahu. " Feb. 1835. — Father rings the bell every morning, at four o'clock, to wake us up. We retire at seven. "We have each a drawer of shells, a pair of as many kinds as we have been able to collect. We have been studying about carbon in chemistry. It says that charcoal, cotton, and diamond are almost wholly com- posed of carbon in different degrees of purity. The other day, Persis was trying to make some hydrogen gas, with sulphuric acid, water, and iron filings. She spilt some of the diluted acid on her dress from top to bottom A few mornings after, she found a dreadful rent in it. She hastened to mother's room to show how her dress had been cut. Mother said, 4 not scissors, but sulphuric acid.' "April 6. — Yesterday noon forty female church-members attended mother's school. 48 THE MISSIONARY'S DAUGHTER. " April 21. — Mr. Stephens, a very interest* ing young man from Boston, is here. He is travelling for his health. He took a sketch of the old idols standing in the governor's yard. He called up here at two o'clock this afternoon and took a sketch of our house. He tells an- ecdotes. He spent much time in the South- ern states. He said that once, at a public din- ner, there were fifteen kinds of sweetmeats on the table as a dessert, besides several other courses." These extracts present the simplicity of the child, but at the same time discover those hab- its of observation and thought which do not always characterize the juvenile scholar. We shall be disappointed if they do not convey some lessons of instruction to the youthful reader, and perhaps they may furnish some suggestion to parents with regard to studies best adapted to the capacities and enjoyment of children. DESCRIPTION OF A VISIT TO HONOLULU, WHEN LUC if WAS TWELVE YEARS OF AGE. " July 29, 1835. — Last June, our family, Mr. Bishop's, Mr. Forbes', Mr. Lyon's, and Mr, Baldwin's, took passage in the brig Velocity, JOURNAL AND LETTERS 49 Capt. Proctor, for Oahu. On our way we stopped at Lahaina, and took in Mr. Richards' family with seven children, Mr. Green's family with three children, and Mr. Andrews, making in all a company of fifteen adults and twenty children. The families of Messrs. Clark, Ann- strong, and Spaulding went in a vessel before us. We arrived at Oahu in the morning, and had a pleasant passage. The wind being ahead, the vessel was pulled into the harbor with long ropes, by men standing on the reef.* When we were entering the opening in the reef, the vessel grazed along on the rocks. We then fired for a pilot, and reached the shore in safe- ty We arrived at Honolulu on Wednesday, June 3d, and the new reinforcement of mis- sionaries arrived on Saturday, June 6th. We went down to the shore to meet them. There were three gentlemen with their wives, and two single ladies. Mr. Coan, minister, and wife ; Mr. Diamond, bookbinder, and wife ; Mr. Hall, printer, and wife ; Miss Brown, and Miss Hitchcock. We were much pleased with them. They all immediately repaired to Mr. Bingham's, where a number of missionaries * A reef of coral forms the harbor of Honolulu. Miss. Daughter. 4 50 THE MISSIONARY'S DAUGHTER. called to welcome them to these islands. A hymn was sung, and Mr. Coan prayed. They then dispersed. There were present at the general meeting, twenty-nine gentlemen, twen- ty-two ladies, and forty-nine children. After going on board the Velocity, we went to .Keau- hou, and spent the day in taking in wood. In the evening we left, and in looking oil to Kai- lua, saw a tremendous fire, which seemed to reach to the clouds. As it continued longer than a thatched house would burn, we had no doubt, for a fortnight, but that it was either our house or Mr. Bishop's. We then heard it was the large thatched meeting-house, 180 feet by 60. It was the work of an incendiary. Mr. Rice told us that he had not heard such a wail- ing among the natives since the days of Kame- hameha. After it was burnt, the natives came and slept in the piazza, back and front of our house, and of Mr. Bishop's, several weeks dur- ing our absence, lest they too should be burned. " During the general meeting, the king made a tea-party for all the missionaries, at the house which stands in the fort. Mrs. Baldwin and Mrs. Clark assisted in making preparations. They all assembled. When the king entered, JOURNAL AND LETTERS. fjj he was surprised to see such a numerous com- pany. His surprise was increased, when Dr. Judd told him that more than forty remained behind. But he manifested much pleasure in seeing so many missionaries together. Tea was carried round. Those who preferred, took water. Mr. Alexander asked how long Persis and I had been so temperate. Persis replied, 1 Always.' Biscuit, custard, and several kinds of cake were passed round. All the chiefs were present. After supper there was singing. " There were frequent meetings for the chil- dren of the mission. Mr. Coan interested him- self very much in them. He was unwearied in his efforts for their conversion. He invited those to come to his room at noon, who wished to see him, and there we often used to talk together, and pray together. This was a text from which he often spoke : l Son, give me thine heart.' All the children were much in- terested, many were serious, and several, we trust, were born again. There were meetings at the Seamen's chapel on the Sabbath. There were also morning prayer-meetings among the missionaries. " As our family remained some time after 52 THE MISSIONARY'S DAUGHTER. the session, waiting for an opportunity to re- turn home, we one day took an excursion to the beautiful valley of Manoa, where Kaahumanu died. "We started very early in the morning, and reached the place a little after the sun arose from behind the mountain. We all trav- elled on foot. After breakfast, we rambled about among the trees, ravines, and hills, quite to the end of the valley. It is one of the most pleasant places I ever saw, so retired, and sur- rounded with such beautiful scenery. "We gathered nearly a quart of Stewart shells, which we found adhering to the hi leaves. They are very pretty shells of different colors, with stripes on them. The genus is Achatina. There are two species. One is named Oahuensis, because they were first found in Oahu ; the other Stew- artii, as Mr. Stewart was the first who ever carried them to America. Having passed the day very pleasantly, we took our supper, and reached Honolulu about sunset. We were somewhat fatigued, having walked fourteen miles that day. We bathed our feet in warm water, and slept sweetly. " An opportunity at length offered for our return home. We touched at Lahaina on oui JOURNAL AND LETTERS. 53 way ; again embarked, and reached Kailua in safety. It looks very strangely to have no church. The meetings are now held in the school-house. It is not larsre enough to contain all the people, and many stand around the doors and windows. A new stone church is to be built." Kaahumanu, whose name is here mentioned, was the favorite wife of the old kinsr Kameha- meha, and after the death of his son Liholiho, became queen- regent of the Sandwich Islands, and so continued till her death, in 1832, the present king being yet in his minority. Kaahumanu was for more than thirty years a person of great authority in the islands. She was a woman of uncommon talents, and great energy of character — was naturally haughty and imperious, and as a cruel pagan ruler, was the fear and dread of the Hawaiian nation. For a long time she stood aloof from the influence of the missionaries, was haughty, proud, and disdainful in their presence, and frequently passed them without speaking to them. But "the Gospel at length took hold of her mind, and through the influence of the Holy Ghost wrought a great and permanent 54 THE MISSIONARY'S DAUGHTER. and salutary change in her character." She was admitted to the church in 1825. Soon after her conversion, she made a tour of the islands ; the people were astonished at the change in her, and remarked that it was " not Kaahumanu, but Elizabeth" — the name given to her by the missionaries. She became dis- tinguished for her humility, kindness, and the affability of her deportment, regarded the mis- sionaries as her own children, and treated them with the kindness of maternal love. Her influence and authority had long been paramount and undisputed with the natives, and was now discreetly used for the benefit of the nation. She visited the whole length and breadth of the islands, to recommend to her people attention to schools, and to the doctrines and duties of the word of God, and exerted all her influence to suppress vice and restrain the evils which threatened the ruin of her nation. At the commencement of her last illness, she desired to be removed from her residence at Honolulu, to a house she had built in the beau- tiful valley of Manoa, about five miles distant. Here she calmly arranged her worldly affairs, and then directed her thoughts entirely to the JOURNAL AND LETTERS. 55 eternal realities before her. During her sick- ness, the New Testament was completed in the language of the country ; a copy of it was brought to her on her dying bed, which she pressed to her bosom with great delight. Her hopes in her Saviour grew brighter and brighter to the end of her days, and one of her last ex- pressions was, " I will go to Him, and shall be comforted." Kaahumanu died on the 5th of June, 1832, not the death of the dark-minded heathen queen she once was, delighting in human sacrifices, and directing them in honor of her name ; but the death of a Christian ruler, leaving her dy- ing counsels to the missionaries, her messages of gratitude to the Christians in America, and her pious instructions for the promotion of the welfare of her nation. 56 THE MISSIONARY'S DAUGHTER. CHAPTER VIII. LUCY'S RELIGIOUS CHARACTER— LETTERS-JOURNAL. From her earliest years, Lucy discovered a deep interest in religious truth. Her fixed attention, her thoughtful downcast eye, and the tear rolling down her cheek, even while a little child, as she listened to parental instruc- tion, told plainly that the lessons of a Saviour's love sunk deep in her young heart. Indeed, so uniform was her love of religious duties, and her delight in the exercises of devotion, that her mother cannot look back to any period of Lucy's life, after she was able to comprehend the truths of the Gospel, when she had not a hope that she was a child of God. One instance illustrative of her state of feel- ing, when quite a child, is this. She, in com- pany with her parents and others, was return- ing from a visit to another station on their island. They were in a canoe, the sea was tempestuous, and their situation hazardous. Lucy was calm and collected, so that her mother did not suppose she apprehended dan- ger. The next morning she said to her mother, RELIGIOUS CHARACTER. r )7 "If I had been drowned last night, I think i should have gone to heaven." " Why do yon think so ?" inquired her mother. " Because mother, I delight to do the will of God," said the child. It is well known to those who read the mis- sionary journals, that the missionaries of the Sandwich Islands hold a yearly meeting for consultation, and other purposes. As the de- pository for the mission is at Honolulu, the yearly meeting has usually been held at this place. It is the custom of the missionaries tc take their families, as generally as possible, with them ; and thus they enjoy a delightful season of Christian fellowship and social inter course. " The mission church of the Sand- wich Islands," which is composed of the fam- ilies of the missionaries, at this time celebrate the Lord's supper, and receive accessions to their number. Thus, once a year, these as- sembled families renew their covenant with one another and the Lord, and in their own native language enjoy the privileges of the sanctuary, and recount the wonderful works of God. On an occasion of this kind, in the year 1835, there seemed to be a sraneral feeling on 58 THE MISSIONARY'S DAUGHTER. the subject of religion among the children of the missionaries. Special efforts were made to call up their attention, and much prayer was offered in their behalf. The Spirit descended, and a number of the lambs of this mission flock were hopefully converted unto the Lord. Lucy refers to this season in her description of her visit to Honolulu, given in the preceding chapter. She — then about twelve years of age — and her older sister were among the number who at this time expressed a hope in Christ. Lucy exhibited deep feeling, but her mother remarks of her, " So uniform and con- sistent had been her previous life, that there was less visible change in her than in others." And in a letter to a missionary brother, a month or two after, Mrs. Thurston remarks, in alluding to the increased interest exhibited by the children, that " no particular change had taken place in Lucy's conduct ; yet in say- ing this I ought to add, it has ever been as if the law of God was written in her heart." EXTRACT FROM A LETTER TO CHARLES RICHARDS, WRITTEN SOON AFTER HER RETURN FROM HONOLULU. "August 12, 1835. "I hope we shall meet again on earth, but if not, I hope we shall be prepared RELIGIOUS CHARACTER. 59 to meet before the throne of God, never more to be separated. I hope that you love the Saviour. I pray for you every day, that you may become one of his lambs. ' Remember now your Creator in the days of your youth.' Keep near to God, and he will keep near to you." EXTRACT FROM A LETTER TO THE REV. MR. C O A N , DATED, '•'October 12, 1835. " "We cannot thank you enough for the kind letters you sent us, and for the good advice they contained. I hope that I love the Saviour, and that he has forgiven my sins. We never forget you in our prayers, that the blessing of God may ever attend your labors. We wish to see you, and have such meetings as we used to have at Oahu. I hope we shall meet again, but we must always be prepared for death, whenever it may come. We often think of you, and of your great kindness and condescension to us. We often think of the text from which you preached at Oahu. ' Son, give me thine heart.' " About this time Lucy commenced learning the native language, and soon after engaged with her sister in the instruction of the poor heathen. Her tender and affectionate heart 60 THE MISSIONARY'S DAUGHTER. had always mourned over the desolations of heathenism, and now that she was permitted to learn their language, and thus have access to their benighted minds, she rejoiced in the privilege of aiding to impart the knowledge of salvation to the ignorant and degraded around her. From that period to the time of their embarkation for this country, these sisters, while engaged in acquiring their own educa- tion, and fitting themselves for more extended usefulness in maturer years, devoted more or less of their time to the instruction of native girls, on week-days ; besides having the charge of classes in the Sabbath-school of their father's church. JOURNAL, " Dec. 13, 1835. — Persis and I have had a school the past year of little native girls. They are all under eight years of age. "We teach them the alphabet, and they also make motions after the infant-school plan. About twenty attend. We love to teach them. Persis brought them forward the other day for examination. "Dec 30. — For several months Persis, Jane,* Sereno, # Asa, and myself, have met * Mr. Bishop's children. RELIGIOUS CHARACTER. G] together every Monday afternoon for prayer. We take the lead by turns, according, to our age. When we meet, we select some one of the children of the mission to pray for, during the week, and the next week we select another. These seasons are very pleasant, and we enjoy them much. " Wc have each of us written to Mr. Coan, and he has answered us. His letters are full of religious instruction and ° - ood advice. We feel that we are greatly blessed, in being fa- vored with such a friend and teacher. " Feb. 17, 1836. — This afternoon we went to the funeral of Kekupuohe. She was very aged, probably about 90, and has lived under four different kings. She was the wife ol Kalaiopu, the reigning king of Hawaii when Capt. Cook visited the islands. She joined the church in the year 1828, and has adorned her profession for eight years, when she was re- moved by death. Notwithstanding her age and impaired eyesight, she was indefatigable in her application to her book, until she was able to read the word of God. During her sickness she did not wish to en^asre in conver- sation of a. worldly nature, but her thoughts 62 THE MISSIONARY'S DAUGHTER. were fixed on heavenly things. She died peacefully, and we doubt not, has gone to that better world on high. The .coffin was carried to Kealakeakua and deposited in one of the caves of the precipice. " She was distinguished as a poetess, and was one of the only remaining two on the islands who composed the native meles or songs. " The following lines are an extract from a song composed by her while on a visit to Mr Ruggles, whose house was shaded by a luxu riant grape-vine." [We omit the original, which Lucy has here inserted, and only give her translation of it.] u Once only hath that appeared which is glorious, It is wonderful, it is altogether holy ; It is a blooming glory • its nature is unwithering, Rare is its stock, most singular, unrivalled, One only True Vine. It is the Lord. u The branch that adheres to it, becomes fruitful. The fruit comes forth fruit, it is good fruit, Whence its character is clearly made known. Let the branch merely making fair show be cut oil* Lest the stock should be injuriously encumbered, Lest it be also, by it, wrongfully burdened." PROFESSION OF RELIGION. fi# CHAPTER IX. JOURXAIr-SHE MAKES A PROFESSIOX OF RELIGION— LETTERS. " March 18. — We expect to embrace an early opportunity to go clown to Oahu. Yfe leave Dr. Gairdner, an interesting young Scotchman from the Columbia river, who has been residing several weeks in our family. He is a physician and a naturalist. He was taken with bleeding at the lunsrs while at the Columbia, and some months after came to these islands for relief. He would have gone to his parents in Scotland, but he felt that he could not survive the voyage. He does not expect to live long. He was an infidel before his sickness, but this attack he considered as a call from Providence to prepare for death. We hope that he is truly pious. He joined Mr. Bingham's church at Honolulu. He spends much of his time in reading his Bible. He appears patient, cheerful, and resigned, and is a remarkable instance of calm composure in view of the prospects which lie before him. He is distinguished for the care and neatness with which he keeps all his things, and the regularity with which he spends his time. He 64 THE MISSIONARY'S DAUGHTER. amuses himself by taking observations of the heat, weight, and moisture of the atmosphere. " Honolulu, March 23, 1836. — Last Friday- evening we left Kailua in the Packet, Capt. Gilbert, and arrived here Sunday morning. We have taken possession of the apartments formerly occupied by Dr. Judd, and com- menced keeping house. " March 25 — Yesterday we spent the day at Capt. Little's, one of the foreign residents. His house is very pleasantly situated. There are two rooms below, with folding doors be- tween, and two above. In the rooms below the plastering is painted green, which relieves the eye. Many beautiful pictures wee hung up around the parlor. We dined at 2 o'clock. Five courses were served up, and we sal at table nearly two hours. Mrs. Thomson, a Spanish lady, called in. Her complexion was somewhat darker than that of the English. She was pretty and interesting in her appearance. She cannot speak English. Mrs. Little presented Persis and myself each with a straw bonnet. " June 6. — The different families having as- sembled, the general meeting has common* '.ed. Meetings for the children of the mission ar<3 PROFESSION OF RELIGION. 65 neld every morning. Mr. Coan sometimes in- vites them to his room, where we enjoy many pleasant hours in receiving instruction. Mrs. Coan has a school every afternoon for the children. " June 19. — It was agreed upon by the mis- sion to celebrate the Lord's supper to-day. A committee was chosen to examine and pro- pound such of the children as wished to join the church. Mr. Coan, Mr. Spaulding, and lh\ Richards, together with the pastors of the church, met on Saturday evening. Persis and I went in. We were examined respecting our thoughts and feelings, and the practical truths of the Bible. We had prepared a short ac- count of our views in wishing to unite with the church. After conversing together by themselves, they decided agreeably to our wishes. We attended the native church this forenoon. Mr. Bingham requested the congre- gation to remain a few minutes. Then asking Persis and myself to rise, and stand before the pulpit, he took our papers and commenced reading them, translating into Hawaiian as he went along. He then stated the approbation of the committee, and called for an expression Miss. Daughter. 66 THE MISSIONARY'S DAUGHTER. of the feelings of the church. The vote was unanimous. At two o'clock, p. m., the Lord's supper was celebrated in the school-house. My sister and myself came forward, and in the presence of angels and men consecrated ourselves to the service of the Lord. We then joined with our parents, and all our missionary friends, in commemorating the dying love of our Saviour, and partook of the elements of the broken body and shed blood of our Re- deemer. Messrs. Bingham, Armstrong, and Coan addressed the church. It was a solemn and interesting season, never to be forgotten. May the Lord keep us from sin, and may we adorn the doctrine of God our Saviour, and be indeed the humble followers of the meek and lowly Jesus. [Lucy was now thirteen years of age.] " June 29. — Maternal meetings are fre- quently held among the ladies of the mission. Persis and I attend them. Subjects for essays were given out the year previous. Several were read which were very interesting. " Kailua, July 13. — "We arrived yesterday, after a very comfortable passage from Hon- olulu. PROFESSION OF RELIGION. ftf " Kapulikoliko died last night of the dysen- tery. She was the daughter of Kamehameha the First. In former days, when she passed along, every native prostrated himself on the ground." Lucy had now become a member of " the mission church of the Sandwich Islands," and young as she was, she adorned her profession. She was always distinguished for her retiring manners, and a peculiar modesty and reserve in the expression of her feelings ; but her con- sistency of Christian character, the deep hu- mility of her piety, and the loveliness of her deportment, were witnessed and admired by all with whom she had intercourse. The fol- lowing letter was addressed to her shortly after her making a profession of religion. How much she valued such evidences of interest in her, and with what humility she received them, is often expressed in her journal and letters. EXTRACT FROM ALETTES TO LUCY FROM REV. MR. COIN, "Hilo, Oct. 28, 1836. " My dear young Sister. — It is a Ions: time since I have written to you, because of the great work God has given me to do I have rejoiced over you that you have pro- 68 THE MISSIONARY'S DAUGHTER. fessed to come out from the world, and ; put on the Lord Jesus Christ,' and I am deeply and constantly anxious to hear that you walk in the truth, that your conversation is in heaven, that you bring forth much fruit. . . . You are well aware that being in the church does not, of itself, make you better or safer. It does not make you a Christian. It only declares you to be one, and if you are not a child of G-od, this declaration is nothing but falsehood. I hope your path will be like the shining light, that shineth more and more unto the perfect day. If you keep Christ's com- mandments it will be so, for he has said, ' If a man keep my sayings, he shall not walk in darkness, he shall have the light of life.' . . . I must close by saying to you, my dear young friend, set the Lord always before your face. Let him be on your right hand, then you will not be moved. Please write me whenever you can; I am always interested to hear from you, and still remember you before the throna of God. " Your affectionate friend " And brother in the Lord, "TITUS COAN." PROFESSION OF RELIGION. fit) The next letter was addressed by Lucy to Charles Richards, just as he was about to leave the islands to receive his education in America. He died about three months after landing in this country, leaving precious evidence of piety. Lucy and Charles were nearly of an age, and often exchanged letters. They did not live tc meet in America, but we trust they are now rejoicing together before their Father's throne "Kailua, Nov. 11, 1836. " My very dear Friend Charles — I im prove this opportunity to write to you. It is probably the last time I shall do so before you leave these islands. I hope you will not forget us. Perhaps we shall not see you again. I hope, my dear friend, that you love your Sav- iour ; if not, it is time. Oh, it is time that you did. Remember noiv your Creator in the days of your youth. AYe do not forget to pray for you daily, that you may become a child of God. Love Jesus. How can you help loving him when he is so kind to you ? He loves you more than any body else. You know not how soon you may die, and you should be prepared for it. He has called away little Luke Lyons 70 THE MISSIONARY'S DAUGHTER. "We know not whom he will call next. My dear friend, do love your Saviour. Obey him. . . Mr. Coan has written a letter to each of us. They call their little son Titus Munson. If we should ever meet each other in America, we will see who has improved the most; you there, or we at the Sandwich Islands. I hope you will write to us when you get to America, and tell us how you like your situation, and whether you wish to get back. Tell us every thing. Love Jesus. These are my parting words to you. "Will you not, my dear friend, promise to do so ? "Will you not from this time give yourself away to the Saviour ? You have had a great deal of instruction. You know your duty ; are you careful to do it ? The Lord bless you. Love to your parents and to your dear brothers and sisters. Love Jesus, all of you. The Lord be with you, and lift upon you the light of his countenance, and give you peace. Do not forget to pray for us, do not cease to love us, do not neglect to write to us. Farewell. " From your affectionate friend, "LUCY G. THURSTON. "To Master C. S. Richards, Laliaina, Maui." MISSIONARY LIFE. 7J CHAPTER X. JOURNAL AND LETTERS WRITTEN WHEN LUCY WAS FROM THIRTEEN TO SIXTEEN YEARS OF AGE. In the passages we have selected from Lucy's journal, illustrative of her progress from year to year, and the circumstances in which her character was developed, the reader may be surprised to find so few references to her relig- ious feelings. This, however, is easily account- ed for. This journal was not a private diary, but simply a record of fact and incident, as- signed to her as a means of improvement, and submitted by her to the inspection of her mother. Her extreme reserve in all her com- munications respecting herself, would natu- rally prevent her from recording the exercises of her own heart in such a journal. The extracts contained in this chapter, ex- hibit much of the progress of society in the heathen village of Kailua. When Mrs. Thurston took up her abode upon these " rocky shores" with her two little ones, she wept with a Christian mother's grief, in view of the abominations with which they were 72 THE MISSIONARY'S DAUGHTER. surrounded, and among which she had resolved to rear them. "What then must have been hei satisfaction, in beholding such a state of im provement as is here presented, and which shf. must have had no small share in effecting What her joy, in having these two children such early helpers in the blessed work. Sure- ly the missionary, with all his trials, does re- ceive a hundred-fold, even in this life. JOURNAL. "Nov. 1836. — Father instructs us in Latin and Hawaiian. Mother directs our English studies, such as grammar, geography, natural philosophy, history, and arithmetic. For a year past, Persis, Asa and myself have been allowed to read any books in the Hawaiian lansfuasre, and to communicate with the natives as teachers, but not as associates. Oar native school* was examined yesterday. There were one hundred and eighty scholars. They sat in three rows, sixty in each row. The first row were in their letters, the second in reading, and the third in writing and arithme- * A village school, of which Mrs. Thurston was super- mtendent. V MISSIONARY LIFE. 73 tic. A little girl five years old stood up in a chair, and made various motions with her hand for them all to imitate. Persis did the same. The natives pressed in to see, till the house was darkened. They then marched out, clapping' their hands ; any thing of this kind is very interesting to the natives. They remarked, 1 Persis turned her hands, and there was light- ning ; she moved her feet, and there was an earthquake.' " Dec 15. — Keoua died this morning. She never recovered from the effects of her attack in August, and for a week before her death she lay in a state of insensibility. There has been much wailing among the people. They mourn for her as for a beloved mother. The governor is deeply affected by his loss ; the natives say, no husband has ever mourned for his wife as he mourns for Keoua. We all went down to look at the remains. She was laid out upon a sofa, loosely dressed in white, with a beautiful feather wreath* around her neck. She had for several years been a member of the church, and sustained an unblemished character. " Dec 17. — We attended the funeral of * A favorite ornament of the natives. 74 THE MISSIONARY'S DAUGHTER. Keoua this afternoon. The chiefs and prin- cipal people were assembled at the house. Father made an address and led in prayer. The procession, composed of chiefs, friends, and church-members, was then formed. An immense crowd stood without the yard, and commenced wailing as soon as the coffin ap- peared. The bell tolled, and a heavy firing was kept up from the battery till the coffin was deposited in the cellar of the governor's wooden house. " Feb. 4, 1837. — The new stone church was dedicated this afternoon. It is 120 feet in length, and 42 in width, being furnished with a steeple and vane, galleries and a pulpit. The pillars which support it are painted to resemble marble ; which last cost about $500. Most of the people sit on settees and chairs of their own construction, which look very well. The gov- ernor himself has borne the whole expense of the carpenters' and* masons' work. The peo- ple assisted by collecting stones, coral, and tim- ber. The governor himself spent some time in the woods superintending the workmen while procuring timber. He has enacted several laws with reference to the church. After two MISSIONARY LIFE. 75 months, no woman will be allowed to enter it without a bonnet. Dogs are excluded. Sev- eral men are stationed above and below to keep order. Any one caught asleep, is rapped on the forehead with a Ions* cane. He has also made a law for his own yard. Any woman entering it without a bonnet is condemned to have her hair shorn off close to her head." These are some instances of the commenda- ble efforts of the governor to introduce the cus- toms of civilized society among his people. Kuakini, governor of Hawaii, is one of the highest chiefs of the nation, and a brother of Kaahumanu. The name of John Adams was given him some years ago by a foreigner, which he prefers to his native name. He is a profes- sor of religion, and has always shown himself a kind friend to the missionaries. " Oct. — Dr. and Mrs. Andrews of the new reinforcement, who were appointed as our asso- ciates, arrived in September, and occupy the house Mr. Bishop left. We love and esteem them highly. They have very kindly offered to instruct us. We spend an hour every after- noon with Mrs. Andrews in drawing, and then recite a lesson in chemistry to the doctor. We 76 THE MISSIONARY'S DAUGHTER. consider this a great privilege, and are very grateful to them for it." EXTRACT FROM A LETTER TO MRS. SMITH. "Kailua ; Dec. 4, 1837. " My dear Mrs. Smith — We are now at- tending to Latin, English history, geography, and chemistry. " On Tuesday evening, Nov. 7th, the sea three times receded from its usual boundary. The first time, fourteen or twenty fathoms, to the place where Mr. French's vessel anchors when here. Three hundred men were carried off by the ocean. Twelve were picked up by boats, and eleven were drowned. All the rest escaped, but without a single kapa with which to cover them. Every thing within fifteen or twenty feet of high-water mark was swept away " Your affectionate friend, "LUCY G. THURSTON. "Mrs. Abba W. Smith, Honolulu." EXTRACT FROM A LETTER TO MISS SMITH. "Kailua, March 15, 1838. " My dear Miss Smith — I received your very acceptable letter, for which I thank you very much. I was happy to hear that you are ex MISSIONARY LIFE. 77 pecting soon to teach the children of the mis- sionaries. I hope you will do them much good. "We have a school for learning the Hawai- ian language two evenings in a week. We read in the Koikehonua (geography) and He- lunaau, (Colburn's First Lessons,) and also write compositions for correction. Father is the teacher. " Dr. Andrews has taken charge of two Sab- bath-schools, one for adults and one for children. The children's school numbers over two hun- dred. Persis and I each have a class. The more forward scholars are taught from the Hu- liano, (Union Questions,) while the younger ones learn to read. " Mother, Persis, and myself, each instruct a class of girls at our own house on Sunday af- ternoon, immediately after the afternoon ser- vice. The children appear serious, and many of them think they have turned to the Lord. Some of them, we trust, have truly repented. The church is filled on the Sabbath, and the people are attentive. A large number profess to have forsaken their sins. Forty-six are pro- pounded for admission into the church, but none of the new converts. Mr. Lyons has 78 THE MISSIONARY'S DAUGHTER. received 1,200 into his church since general meeting. At Hilo, 450 were to unite with the church the first Sabbath in March. " Yours affectionately, "L. G. THURSTON." EXTRACTS PROM LETTERS TO FRIENDS IN THE UNITED STATES. " Sept. 1838. — The governor has commenced a factory in this village for spinning and weav- ing cotton. There are about twenty wheels and about as many native girls spinning — two looms are in operation. One web of plain cloth, and another of twill has been woven by two native men. They are now making checked cloth. They succeed remarkably well. A few of the girls are learning to knit stockings. " Formerly the native females wore no cov- ering on their heads. They now wear bonnets made from the oat-straw and sugar-cane. They line them with white kapa,^ which is thin like cambric, and trim them with kapa ribbon, col- ored in figures. They look very neatly. The most respectable among the natives adopt the American style of dress, and sit on chairs or settees of their own construction. The lower classes wear kapa, a cloth made from the bark * Formerly written tapa. MISSIONARY LIFE. 1 \) of trees, and sit on mats. The females, almost without exception, now wear loose dresses. They also have a piece of kapa several yards long, and of two or three, and sometimes eight or ten thicknesses, which they wind around them from their hips and downward. They call it a. pau. The food of the natives is pot, made from a large root called halo,* which is baked in the ground, and then beaten up with water till it is of the consistence of hasty-pud- ding. They eat it with their fingers. Their houses are thatched with leaves, and instead of a floor the earth is spread with hay and cov- ered with a mat. " The governor has lately erected for him- self a two- story stone house, surpassing in ele- gance any before built on the islands. The rooms are finished off with koa, a very hand- some native wood resembling mahogany. The pillars and steps of the balcony in front, are painted to look like marble." "Kailua, Jan. 30, 1839. " Dear Cousin Elizabeth — Several months previous to mother's sickness, while * Formerly taro. 80 THE MISSIONARY'S DAUGHTER. father was absent at the delegates' meeting, our family went, on account of health, five miles back into the mountain, to what we call our country-seat. The air there is much cooler and more invigorating than it is here. There was a good thatched house, but in a very strong wind it was partly thrown down. When we reached the place we found that the backside of the house up to the eaves, lay flat on the ground, and the front side leaned over, so as to form an angle of forty-five degrees, with a large opening in the roof. By the aid of a native, who was with us, we succeeded in propping it on both sides, and then ventured to spread our couches within a shelter so open and tottering. "Whenever it rained, which happened half the time we were there, it came down through the opening in the roof and put out all our fire. We remained there several days, till a strong wind arose, when with the haste of the chil- dren of Israel in leaving Egypt, we quitted our threatening abode. Mother rode on horseback, Lauke, a native woman, carried Thomas on her back, and the rest of us walked, or rather ran. It rained, the roads were sometimes steep and slippery, and those who best maintained MISSIONARY LIFE. 81 their balance were most fortunate. Daring the few days that we spent in the mountain, we gathered specimens of plants for an herba- rium. We also went into a large cave which is many miles long. It opens in our yard, up country, and opens in the yard here, where our dwelling-house is, near the sea-shore. We often take a subterraneous walk in it to the length of half a mile. We were all prepared to visit the volcano, but were prevented by mother's sickness. At Hilo, on the other side of the island, are very frequent earthquakes. Thej are very seldom felt at our station The entire Bible is about to be completed, trans- lated into the Hawaiian language." " March 3, 1839. — Our family and the doc- tor's have just returned from a visit to Napoo- poo, for health, as mother and Dr. Andrews had not left home since their sickness. The excur- sion has proved beneficial to them. We were entertained with the greatest kindness by Mr. and Mrs. Forbes. One morning the three fam- ilies started at five o'clock to visit the residence of Kapiolani, about two miles distant. " At six o'clock we arrived at her new stone house. We were highly gratified by the im- Miss. Daughter. 6 82 THE MISSIONARY'S DAUGHTER. provement and good taste displayed by a Sand- wich Islander. The rooms were neatly fur- nished in American style. The floors were carpeted with fine mats, and the windows cur- tained with light calico. A large thatched house stood in the same yard, the one she for- merly occupied, which is now converted into a dining-room. A long table was spread for our refreshment, where the food was served up in a civilized manner. For the accommodation of her visitors during the nisrht, she had three rooms, furnished with two beds, and three set- tees. The next day we returned to Mr. Forbes'. Persis, Asa, and myself accompanied Dr. An- drews in a single canoe to the place where Captain Cook fell. "We obtained some speci- mens of the stone. On our return we visited the heiau* where Obukahaia formerly worship- ped. Two altars were pointed out to us by the natives, near which we picked up some decayed bones of the victims." Kapiolani was one of the most distinguished of the female chiefs of the islands. She was the wife of Naihe, a high chief on the island of Hawaii, who was an early convert, and be- * An idolatrous temple. MISSIONARY L WE. 83 came one of the most influential Christian chiefs, and one of the ablest counsellors of the missionaries. The conversion of Kapiolani, and her eleva- tion in character, is perhaps one of the most delightful instances of the results of missionary labor. When the first missionaries arrived at the islands, she was not only ignorant and de- graded, but extremely dissolute in all her hab- its. When first seen by the missionaries, she was lying on the ground in a state of beastly intoxication, and there was scarcely a person on the islands more given up to every species of vice. Kapiolani was early converted to the truth, applied herself to study, readily adopted the manners and usages of civilized life, and soon became distinguished for devoted piety, for in- telligence, and for dignity of manners. She took a bold stand against the vices and super- stitions of her people, and exerted a decided influence in favor of Christianity. The superstition respecting the imaginary deity of the great volcano, was one of most powerful influence upon the minds of the peo- ple of Hawaii. So ignorant were they of the S4 THE MISSIONARY'S DAUGHTER. great phenomena of nature, that they supposed the eruptions of the volcano to be the effects of the anger of the presiding deity, called Pele. They never approached it without peace-offer- ings, and no native was ever known to descend into the crater. Early in the year 1825, Ka- piolani crossed the island to stir up the people to instruction and worship. In her journey she passed near the great crater of Kilauea, and perceiving among the natives strong remains of superstitious reverence for Pele, she deter- mined to show her utter disbelief in the exist- ence and power of such a goddess, boldly de- scended into the crater, and there, in the pres- ence of the people, worshipped Jehovah, as the Almighty Ruler of the elements. So rapid was her improvement in knowledge and character, that the missionaries early styled her the " admirable Kapiolani," and have often remarked, that one could scarcely avoid the belief that she was educated among an enlight- ened people. In 1826, it was said of her, " Ka- piolani is indeed a mother in Israel," and this character she has well sustained for sixteen years. The news of the death of this very interest- MISSIONARY LIFE. P.", ing woman has just been received. She died on the 5th of May, 1841. In communicating the intelligence, Mr. Forbes writes, " The na- tion has lost one of its brightest ornaments. She was confessedly the most decided Chris- tian, the most civilized in her manners, and the most thoroughly read in -her Bible, of all the chiefs this nation ever had, and her equal in those respects is not left in the nation. Her last end was peace, and gave decided evidence that your missionaries have not labored in vain." " Honolulu, June 5. — [The family were here attending general meeting.] The funeral of Kinau the queen-regent, was solemnized this afternoon. She was buried under arms. Mr. Bingham and Mr. Richards led the proces- sion, the soldiers came next, the missionaries and foreign residents, and then the coffin, fol- lowed by the mourners. The coffin was con- veyed on a hearse, drawn by natives, with a black silk canopy trimmed with lace. The coffin itself was covered with red velvet, and ornamented with gilt nails." "When the procession started, cannons were fired from the Punch-bowl hill and the fort, the 86 THE MISSIONARY'S DAUGHTER. bell tolled, the drums sounded, and many of the people wailed. Mr. Bingham made an ad- dress in English, and preached an excellent sermon in Hawaiian After service, the remains were carried to their last resting-place. The nation has met with a great loss. Proba- bly there is no one to fill her place as well as she has done. " June 7. — The corner-stone of the new na- tive meeting-house was laid this afternoon. Under it were placed the Hawaiian Bible, an arithmetic, trigonometry, anatomy, a map of the islands, an engraving of Honolulu, and a brass plate with the date, etc., engraved on it. A prayer was offered, after which the people repaired to the meeting-house. Mr. Bingham preached from Haggai 1 : 9. The king, Au- hea, and Kekuauoa, each addressed the people, exhorting them to build the house, etc. " June 9. — In the afternoon the Lord's supper was celebrated by the native church. Messrs. Bingham and Whitney led the services. The church was compared with what it was eighteen years ago, when on board the brig Thaddeus. Then it was composed of seven gentlemen, seven ladies, and three native youth MISSIONARY' LIFE. 87 Now there were more than forty missionaries, and fourteen thousand native converts in all the islands, including those deceased. " June 17. — We visited the museum belong- 1112: to the Sandwich Island Institute. There is a valuable library connected with it. Vari- ous specimens in conchology, geology, and nat- ural history were arranged on shelves around the room. " Kaneoiie, July 9. — We left Honolulu this morning for this station— mother, Persis, and myself on horseback, Asa and father walked. "While yet in sight of the harbor, we looked back, and saw the long-expected French frig- ate approaching. " July 11. — This morning we received intel- ligence from Honolulu. The captain of the frigate brings orders from the French govern- ment to demand that Catholics have a free toleration throughout the islands, that a site for a church be granted them at Honolulu, and that $20,000 be given as a guarantee for the performance of these conditions. If these terms are not complied with in forty-eight hours, hos- tilities will commence on Friday noon. Pro- tection is afforded to all the foreigners, but the 88 THE MISSIONARY'S DAUGHTER. 1 Protestant clergymen' share the fate of the natives. The king is at Maui, and has been sent for, but he probably will not arrive this week. This day is observed by the mission as a day of fasting and prayer, in view of present prospects." This recent outrage upon the government of the Sandwich Islands, is fresh in the minds of many readers ; it is sufficient here to say, that no satisfaction has yet been rendered by the French government. LUCY AS A TEACHER. 89 CHAPTER XI. LUCY'S CHARACTER AND LABORS AS A TEACHER-LETTERS— PRAYERS IX THE HAWAIIAN LANGUAGE- LETTERS. Lucy had long felt deeply the condition of the poor natives, and from the time that she made a profession of religion, she seemed to realize that new responsibilities rested upon her with rcsrard to them. In her childhood she had not been permitted to speak to the heathen children around her, and in silent sympathy alone could her heart go forth to them. Now she was learning their language, and had com- menced imparting knowledge to their benight- ed minds, and she became deeply interested in the spiritual welfare of the children she instructed. Her humble labors among them were like all her efforts, quiet and unobtru- sive, and less known in their performance than in their results. But that she won their affections, and gained ready access to their hearts, was manifest from the influence she had over them, and the regard they ever had for her example and precepts. As soon as her 90 THE MISSIONARY'S DAUGHTER. knowledge of the language enabled her to par- ticipate with them in such duties, it was Lucy's practice, on Sabbath afternoons, to gather her Sabbath-school class together in her chamber to read the Scriptures, to sing hymns, and ( as was afterwards learned) to pray with them. Before she was able to employ the native language readily in extemporaneous exercises, she prepared a series of short prayers, and translated them into Hawaiian, that she might employ them in leading her scholars to the throne of grace. She had used them some time before even her mother knew that she had ever attempted to pray with her scholars. Lucy's little prayer-book is before me, hav- ing been found among her manuscripts. It contains eleven prayers, adapted to different circumstances and occasions, and I know the reader will be interested in a selection from them. And yet I am reminded how far it was from her thoughts, that these simple petitions, designed to be used in the retirement of hex chamber, in raising the benighted souls of her Hawaiian scholars to the throne of a prayer- hearing G-od, would ever find a place in a printed book in America. LUCY AS A TEACHER. 01 ( Our Father, we bow before thee. Look apon ns with compassion. Thou hast com- manded us to pray unto thee, and here we are in thy presence. Wilt thou listen to the voice of our supplications. Write thy laws in our hearts. Lead us by thy right hand. Bless these scholars who are now before thee, and give unto them hearts willing to follow after thee. Great has been thy love and long-suffer- ing towards them, but they have been unmind- ful of thee. Lord, thou knowest them all. If any do love thee, wilt thou strengthen them to do thy will. Pour out thy Spirit upon them all, that they may all become thy children. They are a flock of wandering lambs. Jesus, thou art their Shepherd. Save them from evil, from sin, and from eternal death. Lead them in the narrow path to heaven. Deliver them from temptation, and evermore bless them all. For Christ's sake. Amen." " Our Father who art in heaven, we bow in thy presence. AVe are a company of sinners, but for the sake of Christ who died on the cross, have mercy and forgive our numerous trans- gressions. Prepare us for the time when thou shalt call us from this world. Look iinon these 92 THE MISSIONARY'S DAUGHTER scholars in thy love, and forgive all t aeir sins against thee. Forsake them not, but lead them by thy right hand. Give unto each of them obedient, humble, and believing hearts. Bo thou with them continually, that they may do that which is right in thy sight. Wash their souls in the atoning blood of Christ. Fill them with love to thee, and to each other. Look upon them in compassion, and grant unto them true repentance, for thou hast told us that now is the time to repent of, and forsake sin. If they delay this work, thy patience will be ex- hausted, and they will pursue their way to ruin. Prepare us all to meet in heaven, where we may dwell and praise thee throughout eter- nal ages. Amen." " Jehovah, our Lord and our God, we bless thee for this new Sabbath, and that we have been permitted to hear thine holy word. Jesus, impress upon our hearts the instructions we have received. Bless these scholars who are now before thee. Pardon their sins, and wash their souls in the blood of Christ. Write their names in the Lamb's book of life. May they repent of their sins, and with fear flee to Jesus Christ, their refuge and salvation. Bless LUCY AS A TEACHER. 93 Kealoha and Kahulipuni. They have vowed before thee and before men to follow thee. Lord, dwell with them, and guide them in all that they do, that they may not fall into sin. Send thy Spirit down into their hearts, that they may be filled with love, and patience, and benevolence. May they serve thee in this world, and live with thee in heaven. Hear us for the righteousness of Christ. Amen." Imagine, young reader, this dear girl of four- teen,* with a group of heathen children around her, bowing with them before her Father's throne. Think of her solicitude to pray with them, and to teach them to pray ; that ere she could use their language, she sat down by her- self and studied these simple prayers. Can you imagine a scene more interesting, or one upon which angels would more delight to look, than this in the chamber of the missionary's daughter ? If he that converteth a sinner from the error of his way, shall save a soul from death, will not God delight to own and bless the labors of this young missionary to lead, these "children of darkness" to the light of the Gospel ? And though he early removed her * This was her age when she composed these prayers. 94 THE MISSIONARY'S DAUGHTER. from the field of her youthful labors, will not her prayers come up in remembrance before his throne, and her instructions be cherished to the saving benefit of immortal souls ? Yes. The precious seed is not lost. Even in her lifetime, Lucy had the happiness to believe that several of her dear scholars had chosen the good part which cannot be taken away from them. Five of them were professors of relig- ion when she left the islands. She writes under date of Sept. 29, 1838, " Nearly fifty were received into the church this P. M., among whom were two of my dear scholars." In these two individuals Lucy felt a pecu- liar interest. They were the first of her schol- ars who had professed the name of Christ. She knew their trials and temptations, and the great difficulties that attended their Christian pro- fession, in the midst of the corrupt society around them. On this account, she often coun- selled, encouraged, and admonished them, and spent many seasons of prayer with them. In describing her visit to Hilo, on her way to the volcano, she thus speaks of an interview with one of these professing scholars, who was I, U C Y AH A TEACH E R 95 a member of Dr. Andrews' family, and who was then at Hilo with Mrs. Andrews. " I had an opportunity of talking with my dear scholar Kealoha ; she was very much affected at the thought of not seeing us again. She appeared very humble and penitent. I gave her my parting advice, and we prayed together probably for the last time." Extract from a letter to Kealoha, written soon after Lucy's return to Kailua. TRANSLATION, "Kailua, Sept. 12, 1839. " Love to you Kealoha — AVe were favored in reaching this place last week. At Kailikii we took a canoe. At one place the wind was strong, and the waves high, and we feared that we should sink. There was much water in the canoe. But God protected us, and we were preserved from danger. Let us praise him for his goodness. " Last Sabbath when I met with my dear scholars we did not forget you. Are you at this time living with love to God ? Examine yourself with care. I grieve because the time of our dwelling together has passed away. 9Q THE MISSIONARY'S DAUGHTER. Great is our love to this land, and to you also our dear scholars. " Love to you. Watch yourself. " From your affectionate teacher, U L. G. THURSTON." Kahulipuni, the other of the two referred to, was in very indigent circumstances. Lucy felt very much for her, because she was not suitably clad to appear in the house of God She presented her case to her mother, and re- quested that a Sabbath suit might be given her. Mrs. Thurston replied, "You know, Lucy, I am about to make a dress for you, and that w T ill take every yard of cloth there is remain- ing." Lucy replied, " I had much rather have Kahulipuni have a Sabbath dress, than to have one myself." A dress was given her. As Ka- hulipuni was not accustomed to her needle, Lucy cut it out and invited Kahulipuni to come and sit by her side, and taught her how to make it. By such efforts for the spiritual and tem- poral welfare of her pupils, Lucy greatly en- deared herself to them, and as the time drew near for her separation from them, they shed many tears of mutual regret and affection. LUCY AS A TEACHER. 97 In a note to Kahulipuni, just before her de- parture from the islands, Lucy enclosed a lock of her hair, and inserted these four texts of Scripture, in the Hawaiian language. "Him that comcth to me ; I -will in no -wise cast out." — John 6 : 37. "Pray without ceasing." — 1 Thess. 5:17. "Quench not the Spirit." — 1 Thess. 5 : 19. " Ti ye love me, keep my commandments." " Remember your affectionate teacher, " LUCY G. THURSTON. "LUKE G. TATINA." Lucy received the following letter from Ke- aloha, a short time before sailing from Hono- lulu. It exhibits in an interesting manner, the social and religious affections of a converted heathen, and the original is inserted as a spec- imen of the language. "Kailua, June 29, 1840. " Aloha oe e Luke, kuu kajkuaana ilako o ka Haku — Ua nui kuu aloha ia oe. Ke aloha aku nei au ia oe i ka hiki ana mai o kau pala- pala iau. Aloha akuia Tatina wahine, ia Pa- keke, a me Aka, a me Mele, a me Koma. Ua pilikia makou i ka mai o ke keiki a Kauka. " Ke palapala nei au i keia palapala me kuu waimaka. Aloha oe i ka hele aku ma ka aina Miss. Daughter. 7 98 THE MISSIONARY'S DAUGHTER. malihini, aloe makou i ike. IT a pau ko kakou halawai ana ma keia ao. Ua nele au i ka mea paipai ole. Nui kuu hoomanao ana ia oe. Auhea oe e ke kumu aloha, mai hoopoina i kau haumana aloha. Aloha oe ka mea mana i kuhikuhi mai ma ka pono o ke Akua. Aole ke Akua i hoopai mai i kou noho ana. I keia wa, he naho ana aloha ia oe i ka makua ao mai i ka pono. Aole manao e hana i ka hewa, aka o ka naau, ua hana hewa i ke Akua. " Ke aloha aku nei o Hana ia oukou a pau. Aloha oe ka hoahele o na kai ewalu mai Ha- waii a Oahu. E ke kumu aloha e, aole hiki ke palapala i keia we, he pilikia. Aloha oe ka i manao mai i ka haumana. "Na kau haumana aloha, " KEALOHA .»* TRANSLATION, "Kailua, June 29, 1840. "Love to you, Lucy, my elder sister in the Lord — My affection for you is very great. I loved you when I received the letter you wrote me, Give my love to Mrs. Thurston, to Persis, Asa, Mary, and Thomas. We are in strait- * Her name, Kealoha, means love. LUCY AS A TEACHER. 09 ened circumstances on account of the sickness of the doctor's child. " I write this letter with tears. I have great love for you, because you was going to a strange land which we have never seen. The time for our meeting together in this world has passed away. I have lost the one who often remind- ed me of my duty. I often remember you. Where are you, my beloved teacher ? forget not your scholar who loved you. Love to you who instructed me in the righteousness of God. God has not rewarded me according to the manner in which I have lived. At this time I am swelling with love to you the mother (teacher) who taught me the right way. I do not desire to do wrong, but my heart sins against God. " Hana sends love to you all. Love to you my fellow- voyager in the eight seas* from Ha- waii to Oahu. Beloved teacher, I cannot write more now, for it is a straitened time. Love to you who thought on your scholar. " Your affectionate scholar, " KEALOHA." * The " eight seas," are eight channels, situated be- tween Hawaii and Oahu, over which they had passed together at a former period. 100 THE MISSIONARY'S DAUGHTER. Lucy did not forget her scholars when new scenes surrounded her, and new occupations engaged her attention. She addressed a letter to her little flock, while stopping at the Socie- ty Islands, on her voyage to America, and con- tinued to speak of them with affectionate solic- itude till the close of her life. The last night but one before her death, to a friend who was watching by her bedside, and who was conversing with her as to the probable result of her sickness, she remarked, that it had been the most ardent desire of her heart to be fitted to return to her native land, and to spend her life in laboring for the salva- tion of the children of Hawaii ; but that God knew best, and she was willing to submit en- tirely to his will. Lucy's scholars have not forgotten her. They have already mourned and wept her early death, but they will cherish the remembrance of her character and precepts. They and the native church in which her father labors, and in which her example shone, will long remember her as a sweet and gentle spirit, that lived and moved among them for a little season, and then soared upward to a fairer clime. LUCY AS A TEACHER. x 01 Perhaps many a fair daughter of Christian America will read this chapter, who has never yet thought of any means of making herself useful — many a young professor of religion ; who has never yet entered upon active service in the cause of her divine Master. Perhaps some young Sabbath-school teacher, who has J CD never gathered the dear children of her class around her, to lead them to the throne of grace in prayer. Perhaps some female professor of maturer years, who has never met her Chris- tian sisters in the retired apartment conse- crated to their prayers, nor mingled her peti- tions with theirs for the prosperity of Zion, and the conversion of the world. To each of these, the simple story of Lucy Thurston's humble labors presents more useful, practical lessons, than the entire lives of many whom the world calls illustrious, and whose names and deeds are placed upon its brightest records.* * Since the preparation of this work, and on the anni- versary of her death, two letters addressed to Lucy have been received from the two scholars named in this chap- ter. Kealoha writes, " My heart is heavy because of our separation. I do not forget your instructions, but I lay 102 THE MISSIONARY'S DAUGHTER. them up in my heart. I remember you often every day." She sends her "love to all the girls in the United States," and assures her beloved teacher ; that her love to her will never cease. Kahulipuni says, " I love you. At this time I am dwelling according to the instruction which you gave me to ' follow after Jesus.' My affection is very great for you all, for you have been like parents to lead me in the ways of righteousness. Give my love to all the daughters of that country, and to the church-members." TOUR AROUND HAWAII. 103 CHAPTER XII. DESCRIPTION" OF A TOUR AROUND HAWAII— VISIT TO THE VOLCANO. The summer before his family left the isl- ands, Mr. Thurston made a tour around Hawaii with them, for the purpose of visiting the vari- ous missionary stations, and of making his children acquainted with the interesting nat- ural features of the island. The following de- scription of this "tour of pleasure," written soon after their return, presents a novelty of circumstances and modes of travelling, and a variety of incident, which cannot fail to make it interesting to the reader, though written for no other purpose than her own improvement and pleasure by a girl of sixteen. "Kailua, Sept. 1839. — "We concluded to make a tour of this island, for the purpose of visiting the various stations, and the volcano, before embarking for America. It would not be lost time for father, as it would afford him an opportunity of preaching to those who sel- dom hear instruction. AVe packed our clothes in two large calabashes. A crib was fitted up with a pole on each side for the accommoda- 104 THE MISSIONARY'S DAUGHTER. tion of the two younger children in travel- ling ; also two chairs in the same manner for mother, Persis, and myself to ride in occa- sionally. Each of these was carried by two natives. " On Wednesday morning, the 7th of Au- gust, we left Kailua. Ten native men accom- panied us to carry our travelling chairs and baggage. "We walked five miles up the side of the mountain, where we entered the road that leads to Kiholo, a place twenty miles north of Kailua. Here we were overtaken by a copious shower of rain. M. and T. in their covered crib escaped ; but the rest of us, who pursued our way on foot, protected only by umbrellas and shawls, soon found that our feet and the lower part of our garments were completely soaked. After travelling about fifteen miles, occasionally resting by taking a short ride in the chairs, we came to an open space in the road, shaded by lofty kukui-trees. There we seated ourselves on the large stones. A fire was kindled, and we succeeded in drying some of our clothes. Our lowly table was soon pre- pared, by spreading large leaves upon the ground, upon which our cold provisions were TOUR AROUND HAWAII. 105 placed. Exercise prepared us to partake with keen appetites. "At 3 o'clock we proceeded on our journey. Passed several streams of lava, which issued forty years ago from an ancient crater. It was very evident that it had once been in a state of fusion. The rugged fragments were lying around, in every variety of shape and position. These streams were from a quarter to half a mile in width, and not a single vegetable ap- pears. About 9 o'clock we arrived at Kiholo, weary and hungry. All was still in the vil- lage, but awakening the inmates of one of the houses, we were directed to a new kalau, and furnished with a mat on which to sleep. This we spread upon the sand which formed the floor of the house, and taking some clothes from our calabashes for pillows, we made a bed, which fatigue rendered grateful to our weary limbs. After supper and prayers, we threw ourselves down, and slept as soundly as though we had reposed upon feathers. AYe left many articles unpacked until morning directly before the open door, but nothing was missing. In the morning the people of the place collected around the house, and father preached to them. 106 THE MISSIONARY'S DAUGHTER. We then proceeded on our way Came to a tract of smooth lava several miles in extent, which cooled in running: from the crater. It was very good walking. When we had ad- vanced nearly to the middle of it, we turned to take a view of the surrounding scenery. As far as the eye could reach, nothing could be seen but rough and frightful masses of black lava. Not a breath of air was stirring, and the noonday sun shining in all his strength almost overpowered us. We found a cave near the path, where we rested for a few minutes, grate- ful for the shade it afforded. After crossing this dreary region, we came to a grove of co- coanut-trees, standing in the midst of a beau- tiful grass-plot. Never was the sight of ver- dure more refreshing. Exhausted with fatigue and heat, we threw ourselves on the grass, while the men climbed the trees for cocoanuts. We reached Kowaihae about sunset. Puna and his wife, the principal people of the place, cordially invited us to lodge in their stone house. The room was furnished with beds, made up in a civilized manner. The next morning Puna furnished us with two single canoes to transport us to Kohala, a distance of fifteen TOUR AROUND HAWAII. 107 miles. Our family embarked in one canoe, and reached the landing-place at noon. Father ad- dressed the people of the place, who gave good attention. We then started on foot for the missionary station, ten miles inland. The trade winds blew freshly, driving the cold rain directly into our faces. The road was ascend- ing, a greater part of the way, and very fatigu- ing. However, we kept on, and at 6 o'clock, thoroughly drenched, we reached the mission houses This would be a pleasant station were it not for the frequent rains and high winds. On Sunday, father preached both parts of the day to large and attentive audiences. This is a new station, and the people appeared more rude and uncivilized than at Kailua. " On Monday morning we left for "Waimea, thirty miles distant. Mr. Bliss kindly lent us his horse, which accommodated five of us by turns, walking the rest of the time. " Dined in a grove of trees. Saw Venus at noonday, in the bright sunshine. Night over- took us before we cleared the woods "We witnessed for the first time the occultation of Venus. After walking several hours in the dark, picking our way over steep hills, rough 108 THE MISSIONARY'S DAUGHTER. stones, and decayed trees, we reached the high road that leads to Mr. Lyon's house. Several streams of water lay across our path, over which we were carried by the natives. At half past 10 we arrived at Mr. Lyon's house, extremely tired and faint. A warm reception from our friends, a warm supper, and a good night's rest restored us in a measure. " On Wednesday we left "Waimea for Hilo. Three horses were kindly lent us. Our jour- ney was very pleasant, the road leading along the northern side of Mauna Kea, an uninhab- ited region. The country was interspersed with koa-trees. A species of white moss covered all the branches of the old trees, which had a sin- gular and beautiful appearance. "At dark we stopped, and looking around for a resting-place for the night, discovered a large tree which had fallen. On one side of it we spread our mat, and built a large fire in front. It was so cold that the vapor of our breath became visible. We slept very com- fortably under the broad canopy of heaven, though in the morning we found our clothes considerably damp with the dew We were now on the eastern side of Mauna Kea, at an TOUR AROUND HAW All. 109 elevation of several thousand feet. Wo had a view of the ocean, which appeared to rise like a hi« , h mountain above the clouds. The atmos- phere was very cool, and somewhat thinner than on the shore : we found that we were more easily fatigued than when on lower land. Saw several herds of wild cattle at a distance. We passed great numbers of carcasses which had been left by the hunters, after being de- prived of their hides. " About sundown we arrived at the edge of the woodland, which extends for sixteen miles towards the sea-coast. Here the scenery was enchanting. Behind us towered the heights of Mauna Kea, the sides of which were beautifully sprinkled with clumps of trees. Before us we saw the upper side of the fleecy clouds, resting gracefully on the tops of the trees, contrasting strongly with the dark shrubbery which forms the outskirts of the dense forest. Beyond this delightful prospect arose the ' illimitable sea.' On the right the blue peaks of Mauna Loa were visible in the distance. The whole scene was calculated to inspire the beholder with emo- tions of sublimity, and lead the mind from nature's works to their wonderful Creator. 110 THE MISSIONARY'S DAUGHTER. "A little cave in the neighborhood afforded us a shelter for the night. It was not high enough to allow us to stand. The bottom was very damp, and the water dropped from the roof. Really it was not a very inviting place to spend the night, but we were obliged to make the best of it. Father and the men ob- tained a supply of wood from the forest, with which a fire was kept up during the night. "Early in the morning the guide and horses returned to Waimea, and we entered the woods. "We had been told that it was eight miles through, and we expected to reach the other side by noon. The road became very muddy, but we endeavored to avoid it by throwing down branches to form a bridge, or by passing through the thick brakes on the side of the road. We were all in high spirits, and when any little accident occurred, the woods resound- ed with echoes of merriment. "We travelled through mud and water, over slippery bogs and stumps, till we could scarcely see the road be- fore us. "We then sent one man ahead, to see whether we were near the edge of the woods, and another to find solid ground where we might pass the night, The latter soon hailed TOUR AROUND HAWAII. Ill us, and we went on feeling our way, till we arrived at a little eminence by the road-side, which, though very wet, would allow us to stand on it without sinking. Here we seated ourselves, cold and weary, our clothes satu- rated with water and well beplastered with mud. A lire was the first thing thought of. No dry wood was to be had, as every thing in the vicinity was soaked with rain. What was to be done ? By taking one of the poles be- longing to the crib, splitting it, and rubbing two pieces together for some time, the natives lighted the lamp, but despaired of being able to kindle a fire. Mother used all her eloquence to encourage them, and they collected some green wood, cut it into small pieces, and in the course of three hours, a comfortable fire was built. Meanwhile father, mother, Persis, Asa, and myself, with some of the natives, gathered a quantity of fern and spread it on the ground, over which the mat was laid. A few brakes were set up on one side, which served as a slight screen from the wind. We changed our wet garments, and lay down supperless, as our provisions were nearly exhausted, and we knew not how much farther we might be obliged to 112 THE MISSIONARY'S DAUGHTER. walk, having apprehensions that we had lost our way. The next morning we breakfasted upon dry fish and sour poi, without any water to moisten our lips. Pursuing our journey, the road waxed worse and worse. About noon, to our inexpressible joy, we saw a white man, who, hearing of our situation by the native that we sent ahead the night previous, kindly came to our assistance. He told us that two miles yet remained before reaching the good road, and that the worst part of the way was yet before us. Had it not been for his exer- tions here, we might have been in distressing circumstances. We were now eight miles from the shore, and hastening on, met a messenger from Mrs. Coan with food and notes of welcome. At nine in the evening we reached the village, and in the warm embraces of our beloved friends we forgot our fatigues. ""We arrived on Saturday evening. The next day father preached to an attentive con- gregation. We were very lame for several days in consequence of our fatigues. " One afternoon we accompanied Dr. An- drews and family to the cascade of the Rain- bow, a mile and a half from the village. It is TOUR AROUND HAWAII. ] ] H a beautifal waterfall, pouring down one hun- dred and ten feet from the rocky cliffs into the basin below. " The next Sabbath we attended the native services, which were very interesting. In the afternoon the mission family assembled at the house of Mr. "Wilcox, and had a solemn and affecting season of prayer together. " On Monday, at 10 o'clock, a parting meet- ing was held at Mr. Coan's. With many tears we bade farewell to our beloved friends, not expecting to meet them again in this world. They bountifully supplied us with comforts for the journey. "We started for the volcano on horseback ; Mr. Mack, a foreigner, accom- panying us as guide. After travelling the next day till sunset, the smoke and steam issuing from the chasms around, warned us of our near approach to the volcano. "We suddenly came upon the brink of that awful place, nine miles in circumference, and one thousand five hun- dred feet in depth. It was so obscured by smoke that the fires were scarcely visible, found a little hut at the edge of the crater, one corner of which was only two feet from the brink. Here we concluded to spend the night. Miss. Daughter. O ]14 THE MISSIONARY'S DAUGHTER. as it was a fine situation to watch the object of our curiosity. The mountain air was quite cool and a fire grateful. In the course of the night, the smoke cleared away and the sight of the raging fires was fearful. The unearth]}/ sounds they emitted, heard distinctly at the distance of two miles, added much to the effect. We arose several times durinsr the ni^ht to gaze at the scene before us. " The next morning we descended the side, sometimes passing within a few inches of a frightful chasm. The bottom of the crater was covered with a brittle shining crust, which often broke under our weight. We visited a large lake in the centre about one-third of a mile in diameter. The liquid lava boiled and foamed with great fury. Mr. Mack stood on the brink and with a long pole obtained some specimens from the liquid lava. By the side of the lake we picked up little shining pieces which had been thrown out by an eruption. The lava now boiled up higher and higher, and we quitted the place in haste. Proceeding to a distant part, we were greatly annoyed by smoke and sulphurous gas from the cones, a few in- spirations of which would probably prove fatal. TOUR AROUND HAWAII. 115 "At length we stood on the overhanging brink of the great south-western lake. It was in violent agitation, and presented a most ter- rific appearance. It was indeed a fit emblem of the lake of fire and brimstone that burnetii for ever and ever. On the borders of that fiery lake we took a luncheon of pineapples and cakes, and returned by way of the sulphur banks. For a considerable distance, the lava over which we walked was so hot that we could not hold it an instant in our hands. " After witnessing many fearful exhibitions of the Creator's power, we reached our little hut at four o'clock, excessively weary. We obtained many specimens, which wesenttoHilo to be packed and forwarded to Honolulu. " During the night the action was more vio- lent than before. "We saw fine eruptions, in which the redhot stones were thrown to the height of fifty or sixty feet. A new lake broke out and burned brightly during the night. We realized more than when in the crater, that we had been exposed to imminent danger, yet no life has ever been lost there. " The next morning Mr. Mack returned to Hilo, and we left the volcano, directing our 116 THE MISSIONARY'S DAUGHTER. steps to the southern part of the island. Light pumice-stone and volcanic capillary glass was seen in abundance for several miles. The road, for the greater part of the way, led over beds of sand and tracts of rugged lava. At sunset we reached Kapapala, having walked a distance of twenty miles. The soles of our feet were much blistered, probably the effects of walking in the hot volcano. " On Friday afternoon reached Punaluu, where we passed the night. Father addressed the people and married a couple. Saturday night arrived at Waiohunu, having stopped three times to meet with the people. ""We spent the Sabbath at Waiohunu. Fa- ther conducted public worship under a beau- tiful grove of kukui-trees. The people there greatly need a teacher. They are seldom priv ileged with hearing the Gospel. This is an eligible place for a missionary station. The people were very kind to us, and it was pain- ful to leave them so destitute of instruction. " On Monday we descended a precipice three hundred feet high, and reached the shore at four o'clock. We were obliged to wait till the next day at noon, before we could proceed, as TOUR AROUND HAWAII. 117 the people were required to work for the king. Our family with six natives embarked in a sin- gle canoe, the baggage and several of the men being in a smaller one. The sea was quite rough when we started, but after being out a few hours the waves ran very high. The long swells threatened to capsize or fill our canoes. We went on so for some distance, the waves increasing all the time, till we came to a little cove, where we stopped to lighten our canoe. It was impossible to land, as the shore was formed of high rocks. Expecting to be upset, we prepared ourselves by taking off our bon- nets, shawls, shoes, etc. We again put out into the heavy swells. The waves dashed over us, and at one time the canoe was a third full of water. But we were mercifully protected, and soon reached smooth water. The sail was put up, and we advanced rapidly, and landed at a little village* at dark. We were directed to an empty house, where we assembled round our lowly board, partook of the provisions pre- pared for us, committed ourselves to the guar- dian care of our heavenly Father, and com- posed ourselves to rest. " Before daylight we started off, and arrived 118 THE MISSIONARY'S DAUGHTER. at Kaawaloa about two o'clock, p. m., and im- mediately went to the houses of Messrs. Forbes and Ives j where we enjoyed a pleasant season of social intercourse. We arrived at Kailua the next day, after an absence of four weeks. Surely the goodness of the Lord has followed us when exposed to perils by sea and by land." BETTERS FROM FRIENDS H9 CHAPTER XIII. LETTERS TO LUCY FROM MISSIONARIES. As one object, in the preparation of this work, has been to bring to view the means of improvement within the reach of missionaries in educating their children, and as Lucy's cor- respondence with missionary friends was con- sidered by her parents an important advan- tage, as well as an abundant source of pleasure to her, it has seemed desirable to insert a few of these letters addressed to Lucy. Though done without the permission of the writers, it is believed the end in view will justify the liberty thus taken. It is pleasant to know, that far off in those distant isles there is now a large band of in- telligent, educated Christians, who enjoy occa- sional intercourse with each other, whose fam- ilies are linked together by ties of affection, and who feel a tender interest in the children of the mission. These letters of pious friend- ship, which were addressed to Lucy in her childhood and youth, were placed among her 120 THE MISSIONARY'S DAUGHTER. choicest treasures, and often perused after she had left her native shores. EXTRACT FEOM A LETTER OF MRS. S . TO LUCT. "Honolulu, Jan. 24, 1838. " My dear Lucy — ... I thank you for your pleasant note. I wish you would write me often I hope that you, and Persis, and Mary will excel in the management of domes- tic affairs. This is an important part of edu- cation, and I am sometimes afraid the dear children of the missionaries will fail in this branch. " We are quietly settled at our new station, and find abundance to do. A large number are turning with their bodies to the pono* and we have reason to think some are turning with their hearts also. We have at least 1,000 hearers on the Sabbath : 280 in the children's school. I have established a weekly prayer- meeting. But oh, how filthy and uncomfort- able this poor people do live. We have com- menced visiting from house to house, and de- sign, if health is allowed us, to do much in this way. We must make strenuous efforts to civilize and elevate this people, as well as * Right way. LETTERS FROM FRIENDS. J21 to make them Christians. T wish you would tell me how the people live at Kailua. I sup- pose they all have partitions in their houses, and I hope they keep them clean, and take care of their children, and wear clean clothes, and hats, and bonnets, etc. But indeed our new people do not. Pray for us, that the Lord will bless our labors among them. . . . Believe me your affectionate friend, "A. W. S. "Miss L. G. Thurston." LETTER FROM MES. C. "Hana Maui, Feb. 19, 1838. " My dear Lucy — Family cares are new to me, and perhaps therefore I am less skilful in disposing of them than your mother is, after her long experience. It is by practice that people become expert in any thing they attempt to perform. Practice, however, does not always make perfect ; sometimes for the want of care, and sometimes perhaps from the want of sufficient genius. -This, my dear Lucy, may furnish a profitable subject for you, as you are now youngj, and have many things yet to learn before you can become perfect in knowledge 122 THE MISSIONARY'S DAUGHTER. " You have but just commenced an exist- ence, every hour of which will increase your knowledge of good or evil. You will doubtless see many things that will fill your heart with grief, and cause the tears of sorrow to flow profusely. This is a world of sin, and conse- quently of suffering. You have seen much practical exhibition of this in the natives with whom you are surrounded. But you perhaps think they are heathen, and therefore more wretched than people of enlightened countries. This is true, and their situation is truly deplo- rable ; but their sufferings are probably not much greater than those of the people of Chris- tian countries, because they are less sensible of their wretchedness. The more enlightened wc are, the more susceptible we are to suffer- ing. Lord B. was a man of great intellect and great wealth, was admired by thousands, and one of the lords of England, and yet I suppose he suffered almost infinitely more than any native on these islands can suffer in this life. His mind was too great to take pleasure in the things of time, and he had no heart to love God, therefore he could derive no happi- ness from loving and serving him. So it is, LETTERS FROM FRIENDS. 123 Lucy : intelligent minds cannot be satisfied with earth, however much they may desire the things of it ; and if they derive no pleasure in meditation upon God and the things of eter- nity, with the whole world at their feet, they will still sigh for happiness, and groan under the infirmities of the flesh, until death comes and erases their names from the records of time, and calls them to appear before an of- fended G-od. "But the sufferings of humanity are not all that you have to learn. If you are what you profess to be, one of Christ's little ones, you have to learn to imitate his examples and per- fections. You have faith, patience, humility, and benevolence, yea, every Christian grace to learn more perfectly. You have yet to learn how to live — how to die. This is the work of time, and for this you must learn to watch and pray constantly. Satan has many snares to lay at your feet, many temptations to allure you from the pursuit of holiness. You have- to learn how to defeat his purpose and gain the victory over all sin. ^ **fe 2gp Jjp 3P " I wish I could see your excellent mother, 124 THE MISSIONARY'S DAUGHTER. and call her by that endearing name. 1 shall be happy to hear from you often. "Affectionately yours, "A. L. C» LETTER FROM MISS M. M. S. "Honolulu, March 7, 1838, "I feel interested to know how you progress in your studies this season, and what are your plans. I rejoice that you can avail yourselves of the aid and society of Mrs. A. Strive, while you have the privilege, to improve in science, in manners, and in conversation. .... But more than every thing else, study to cultivate a meek and quiet spirit, which is of great price in the sight of God. Are you dili- gent and earnest in seeking deliverance from sin, in mortifying the deeds of the body, that you may live for Christ alone ? " We rejoice to hear that Grod is visiting you with some mercy drops. May they continue to increase, till there is no room to receive more. There is much interest at each of the stations at Oahu. The Lord shows himself waiting to be gracious, and save dying souls. " Your true friend, "M. M. S" LETTERS FROM FRIENDS. 125 ICT1KR FROM MRS. A. DURING A TEMPORARY ABSENCK FKOM K A I L U A . "Kealakekua August 14, 1838. " My dear Lucy — Your very acceptable note just came to hand. I need not assure you that we were glad to hear from Kailua, but especial- ly from the loved circle at Laniakea * "We hope soon to join you again Now that your time is so systematically assigned for study, I hope you will not soon be interrupted again. You are not probably fully aware of the rich literary privileges which you now en- joy. With your kind parents for instructors, the most of your time at command, and en- dowed by your beneficent Creator with capaci- ties for high intellectual culture, surely there is no sufficient reason why you may not rise to eminence as a scholar, and be qualified to adorn any circle into which Providence may cast your lot. It is recorded of the most dis- tinguished scholars, as well as of most others celebrated for whatever is of ' good report,' * A name given to Mr. Thurston's residence, from a remarkable cave near it "bearing that name, and men- tioned in Lucy's journal. 12t> THE MISSIONARY'S DAUGHTER. that they were very prudent of the fragments of time " In much love, I am ever yours, " Yery affectionately, "P. P. A. "Miss L. G. Thurston." LETTER PBOM MBS. S. TO PEESIS AND LUCY. "Honolulu, October 30, 1838. " My dear Girls — I have heard with deep sorrow of the severe affliction that has fallen upon your dear mother ""We were thankful indeed, that she was not cut off by the first stroke, and that she yet lives, and has a prospect of some degree of health. And it is our earnest prayer that God will remove entirely his chastening hand, and restore her to former vigor. But possibly such may not be his good pleasure ; and if not, I hope and trust he will grant you all a sweet submission to his divine will. " In the meantime, I trust you will both feel the great responsibilities resting upon you. as the eldest daughters of a large family. You will endeavor to put in practice the excellent instruction you have received, and carefully follow the example of her who has labored so LETTERS FROM FRIENDS. 127 unweariedly to form your characters for use- fulness, in the more trying as well as pleasant scenes of life. " Endeavor to give such attention to the domestic comfort of the family, and the care of the younger children, as shall secure your dear mother from anxiety, and enable both your parents to feel that the labor of years has not been lost upon you. You will feel more than ever the importance of leading prayerful lives, and lives of strict watchfulness. From God, your heavenly Father, must come your help to enable you to perform all your duties in a right spirit. I feel much for you all, and should love to be near you, that I might aid in any way the promotion of your comfort. I have not forgotten the kindness I have received from vour dear mother in seasons of affliction. " Give my love and tender sympathies to your dear parents. "Very affectionately, " A. W. S. LETTER FROM REV. MR. FORBES. " Kealakekua, Jan. 27, 1840. " My dear friend Lucy — I have complied with your very modest request ; you asked me 128 THE MISSIONARY'S DAUGHTER. to write your name and mine. You will, therefore, not complain that I have not written some elegant motto. To such things you know I can lay no claim. I am pleased with your plan for laying out your money. # May God bless your books to you. " Wisdom is the prin- cipal thing, therefore get wisdom, and with all thy gettings get understanding," is the direc- tion of Him who knows our wants better than we do ourselves. Nothing that I can hear of you and your prosperity will fix in my mind a firm conviction of your wisdom, like the in- telligence that you live for Christ ; this, my dear young friend, is the great end of our ex- istence; but 0, what a withering blight will rest on your whole moral being, should you set your standard by the fashion in religion, and by the caprice of a restless, vain world. May you indeed walk worthy of your vocation, and be as a light in the midst of a perverse generation. A thousand things will demand * A present from Mr. Forbes to "be used in any way she chose when she should reach America. Lucy wrote to him, that she should appropriate it to the purchase of books, and requested Mr. F. to write his name and hers on some slips of paper that she might paste in the books LETTERS FROM FRIENDS. 129 your time and attention, and you will ever find it difficult to do the best things in the best man- ner. It might not be either wise or proper for us to ask you to spend, in writing to us, that time which a thousand more important calls will demand. But should you ever, during the long weary days of an American summer, or +he cold lonesome evenings of an American winter, find two or three leisure hours, which you are not conscious could be better spent, be assured we will feel much gratified and highly obliged, should they be devoted to writing to your sincere friends in Kealakekua. Pardon this ravelled sentence, if you can unravel it. I simply meant to say, that we should be truly glad to have a letter from Lucy. "Mrs. P. cannot write now, but sends her best wishes as usual. " With much love to all, believe me ever sincerely your friend and brother, "C. FORBES." LETTER FROM MRS. A. "Kailua, June 25, 1840. " My dear Lucy — The weeks pass rapidly away, and will soon bring in their flight the time of your departure from these shores. Miss. Daughter. 9 130 THE MISSIONARY'S DAUGHTER. You are about to enter upon a new scene of things ; much that will be trying to human na- ture will probably fall to your lot ; but as your day is, so assuredly will your strength be, if you avail yourself of the aid which you have ever been taught to seek and value above all that is human. Honor the Saviour wherever you are, and he will honor you, and deliver you from every strait. Let the Scriptures be the guide of your youth. Temptation to neglect the sacred volume will be strong ; but be steadfast, immov- able, always abounding in every good word and work. Only follow its unerring dictates, and you have nothing to fear. I have never had a doubt but that you will be successful, and act well your part in life. Ever rest assured of my most ardent wishes for your happiness and usefulness. We may meet no more on earth, but I love to cherish the hope that we shall both yet labor together in this vineyard. Do write to us as there is opportunity while you remain at Honolulu, and not forget to do the same when you leave. " Most affectionately your sister, "P. P. A." LAST MONTHS AT HOME. J31 CHAPTER XIV. JOURNAL— LUCY AT THE AGE OF SEVENTEEN— LETTERS WRITTEN IN VIEW OF HER DETARTURE FROM THE ISLANDS. " Jan. 1, 1840. — Another year has quickly flown. The Lord has spared me to enter upon this new year. may I examine my feelings and actions during the past, and in future be more devoted to the service of my Lord. " Jan. 2. — Have received the affecting intel- ligence of the death of Gerrit Judd. He died a fter a sickness of four days. We little thought, at the last general meeting, that the healthy and blooming Gerrit would so soon be removed from this world. His mother writes that he gave precious evidence of now resting in the bosom of the Saviour. that this death might be sanctified to the children of the mission, and warn us to be prepared to follow him to the world of spirits." EXTRACT FEOM A LETTER TO MISS SMITH. " Kailua, Feb. 29, 1840. " My dear Miss S. — We had not heard from you, nor our other friends at Honolulu, for a long time, till yesterday. Our family have written but few letters, as we have had a great 132 THE MISSIONARY'S DAUGHTER. pressure of employment since general meeting Here we are still in our own home at Kailua, waiting till Providence shall open a way for our departure. "We were very glad to hear from Mrs. Castle. We had not heard from her before since her visit here. We sympathize with her and Mrs. Chamberlain in their afflictions. But whatever God does, is done ivell. " We have not done much at study the past year. Should we meet at the general meeting, we shall love to give you some account of our travels around the island, and visit to the vol- cano. The governor has returned, has taken a wife from Hilo, a girl about eighteen years of age. " An interesting state of things still contin- ues at this place. Meetings are full on the Sabbath, and the people attentive. " I suppose your scholars have made consid- erable progress in study since the last general meeting. How do they feel about the death of Gerrit? May the sudden removal of one of their companions be blessed to them all, and may they feel the importance of being in a state of preparation. Thank Mrs. Cook foi LAST MONTHS AT HOME. 133 her song. Much love to all our friends. Re- member me affectionately to Mrs. Castle.* " From your friend, "LUCY G. THURSTON." " April 2. — This day is set apart to prepare for the Sabbath. Lord, wilt thou help me to examine myself this day, to see whether I am in the faith. May I consecrate myself anew to thee this day. Give me grace to per- form all my duties aright. May 1 daily think more of Him whose blood was shed on the cross. " April 25, 1840. — This is the seventeenth anniversary of my birthday. Lord, how can I express to thee the gratitude I owe thee for all the blessings I have received from my youth up. Help me to devote myself more unreserv- edly to the service of God, and may this year be spent in doing good. Be thou my portion and my all. " Honolulu, May 26. — To-day father received a letter from Mr. Baldwin, giving the particu- * Mrs. Castle died of consumption, at Honolulu, March 5, 1841, ten days after Lucy's death. Mrs. C. was a woman of uncommon loveliness and devoted piety, and a very active missionary. 134 THE MISSIONARY'S DAUGHTER. lars of the late distressing shipwreck of the Keola. Mauee, one of the principal persons lost, was one of the elders of father's church. The account of the efforts of his wife to rescue him, was very affecting. " May 30. — Last year the mission gave father liberty to accompany his family to the United States. But as mother's health has been im- proved, and as two Catholic priests have lately established themselves at Kailua, he now pro- poses remaining with the people, and sending mother to America with the children." Lucy had now completed her seventeenth year, and it must be obvious to the reader, that her mind had improved, and her character ma- tured, as her years increased. There was no precocity of intellect, no brilliancy of genius, no loftiness of imagination ; but good natural powers of mind, a desire for knowledge, and a delight in study had produced their natural results in her. And the patient industry of years, spent in retirement and seclusion with her mother and her books, had enabled her to make such acquisitions as would be creditable to any girl of her age in this country, who had LAST MONTHS AT HOME. 135 • enjoyed the advantages of schools and cultivat- ed society from her earliest years. The natural kindness of her disposition, and the benevolence of her Christian principle had been called into delightful exercise, by her ef- forts to benefit the poor heathen of Kailua ; while her warm affections had expanded to embrace the band of missionary brethren and sisters who were now scattered over the islands, and with many of whom she enjoyed the pleasure of correspondence. And though still " a child at home," and exceedingly distrustful of her own abilities and opinions, she discovered a soundness of judgment, a steadiness of purpose, and a disposition to act from reflection rather than impulse, which were observed with pecu- liar satisfaction by her watchful parents, and seemed to promise much for her future useful- ness. The time had now arrived when she was to leave her father's house, and her Ha- waiian scholars, and when she was looking for- ward to new scenes and new society in a Chris- tian land. It was a new era in the life of Lucy, and called into existence a new class of emotions. The strong ties that bound her to a happy home were for the first time to be 136 THE MISSIONARY'S DAUGHTER. severed. She was not going to a distant spot in her own native isles, whence she might eas- ily return, and often participate in the pleas- ures that flow unmingled beneath the paternal roof, but to a distant country — " a stranger, to a strange land." And she had lived too long in the sanctuary of her childhood's joys, and in the fond embrace of beloved parents, to de- part from this scene of every tender association without a struggle. She did indeed indulge in pleasing anticipations of what she should see and learn in the far-famed land of her fathers, but she shrunk with peculiar timidity from the idea of contact with a new and strange world. Yet Lucy Thurston was not altogether un- prepared for new scenes. Her mind had been disciplined and cultivated, her reading had been well selected, and by no means incon- siderable for one of her years, and her powers of discrimination were evidently such as to prepare her to make choice of new friends in a community of strangers ; while the wisdom that cometh from above, and upon which she seemed constantly to depend, was abundant to guide her inexperienced footsteps into paths oi' safety and of peace. LAST MONTHS AT BUME. 137 How Lucy would have appeared in society of her own age in America — or rather how she was capable of appearing, for her extreme diffidence might have done her injustice — and what honor she would have reflected upon her parents and the mission, may be inferred from the character of her subsequent writings. We believe that it is not too much to assert, that there are few young ladies of her age in this country, who would express themselves with more grammatical accuracy, more elegance of diction, and discover more refinement of taste and sentiment, than did this " Daughter of the Isles," at the age of seventeen. As repeated inquiries have been made on the subject since the publication of a few of these extracts in the New York Observer, it may not be superfluous here to remark, that not a word has been intentionally altered, nor a point cor- rected, in preparing them for the press. The writer has an indistinct remembrance of one misspelled word occurring in the journal on the voyage, but cannot now refer to it, as the original has gone from her hands. The following letters were written in view of her departure from the islands. The first 138 THE MISSIONARY'S DAUGHTER. without the expectation of leaving her father there. The circumstances alluded to in her journal led Mr. Thurston to decide upon re- maining behind. This was an unexpected trial to Lucy, and the most severe which in her short and happy life she ever experienced. Thoughts of him in "his lonely home" were often present to a heart so replete with filial affection ; they called forth many a tear of anguish on her voyage, and cast the only shade of sadness over her dying hours. LETTER TO MR. AND MRS. COAN. "Kailua, Jan. 9, 1840. " Very dear Friends — I received a letter from you some time ago. It has not been from forgetfulness, or want of affection, that it has not before been answered. Pressure of em- ployment has prevented. I cannot tell you how much gratified I was to receive once more some of your excellent counsel. I rejoice too that I can once more address you, before leav- ing our beloved home. We expected to have gone long before this, but Providence has not yet opened the way for our departure. The last we heard from Honolulu, the Ceylon had not arrived. The thought of leaving this place, LAST MONTHS AT HOME. 13g where we have lived so long and spent so many pleasant and happy hours, of parting from be- loved associates and dear scholars, and all our mission friends — of ere long separating from parents, brothers, and sisters, and of seeking a home among strangers in a strange land, is exceedingly trying to our feelings. But the Lord will support us under all our trials if we do but put our trust in him, choose him for our portion and his service for our delight. When we reach the United States, if we ever do, my thoughts will often turn to the islands and friends we leave behind. In your letter you warn me against associating with bad counsellors, and people of the world, and point me to the Bible, as my guide and standard. I desire to take the word of God as my rule of action, for where else can I look for unerring guidance. Oh, how watchful shall I need to be when surrounded with temptation. I trust that you will pray for me, that I may be en- abled to adorn the doctrine of God my Saviour in all things. I thank you many times for your counsel and advice to me in your letters. I value them highly and shall often read them. "We enjoyed highly our jaunt around the 140 THE MISSIONARY'S DAUGHTER. island. Preferred going on land by foot, to riding in a canoe by water. We shall not soon forget our pleasant visit at Hilo, nor the kindness with which we were treated by your- selves and your associates. " The people are waking up, and many ap- pear to be serious. The church for several Sabbaths has been crowded, and last Sunday a number could not gain admittance. They seem to listen with attention to the word of life. Many of the children are inquiring what they shall do to be saved. "We trust that some have found peace in believing. " You have doubtless heard of the death of Gerrit Judd. How little we thought at the last general meeting that he would be removed so soon, healthy and blooming as he was. ' Our life is even as a vapor, which appeareth for a little time, and then vanisheth away.' May this death be sanctified to the children of the mission, and to us all. It is not probable that we meet again this side eternity. May it be our constant aim to prepare for death, to have our lamps trimmed and burning, and be pre- pared to go and dwell in our Father's house in heaven. Will you please to accept the pro- L,A»T MONTHS AT HOME. 14] files accompanying this as a memento of aff ac- tion, and remember us when far distant. Often shall I think of your kindnesses and conde- scension to us. The Lord bless you both, and your little ones. A very affectionate remem- brance to your beloved associates, and all the dear children. Farewell. " Your very affectionate friend, "LUCY G. THURSTON." LETTER TO MRS. ANDREWS. "Honolulu, July 27, 1840. " My dear Mrs. Andrews — As a vessel leaves to-morrow for Hawaii, I cannot forbear writing you a few lines. I received a letter from you when mother returned. Thank you much for it. " My dear Mrs. Andrews, I trust you will remember us when we shall have gone out from you. Pray that I may be enabled to resist every temptation, and adorn the doctrine of God my Saviour wherever I may be. Re- member us all, as we are so soon to be sepa- rated, probably never to mset again a whole family on earth. May we be prepared to meet in heaven. You and vours I often think ot with tender interest. I trust all the labor and pains you have bestowed upon mo have not 142 THE MISSIONARY'S DAUGHTER. been in vain. The very kindnesses we have all experienced from your hands bind yon still closer to our hearts. Often will our thoughts turn back to those pleasant seasons we spent together, when we gathered instruction from your lips. Tears often rush into my eyes as I think of you, and all the sacrifices you have made for us. We have no doubt you will do all that lies in your power to comfort and cheer our father in his lonely home. We shall desire exceedingly to know how affairs prosper at Kailua. May the candle of the Lord ever shine about your dwelling, and may the richest of heaven's blessings rest upon you " Your affectionate friend, "LUCY G. THURSTON." LETTER TO MRS. FORBES. "Honolulu, July 29, 1840. " My dear Mrs. Forbes — Thinking it would be gratifying to you to hear from us before we leave the islands, I write you a few lines. Time passes rapidly on, and brings near the day of our departure from the land of our childhood. Our family, which has so long lived together, is soon to be separated. Prob- ably we shall not all meet again on earth ; but LAST MONTHS AT HOME. 1 .; it will be but a short time before we shall meet in a better, brighter world, if prepared. Our passage is engaged in the Flora, Captain Spring, bound to New York. The captain is a pious man, and we are much pleased with him. Our accommodations are excellent. We shall probably touch at the Society Islands. 1 hope you will write us whenever you can. We shall desire very much to hear from the Sand- wich Islands. We shall always think of you with interest, and shall long remember the many pleasant visits we have made at your house, and the many kindnesses we have re- ceived at your hands. The Lord reward you for them all. We shall often think of the many friends we leave behind, when far away. Pray for us. I hope you will often visit Kailua, and comfort our father in his lonely home at Laniakea. May the Lord be with you in all your labors, and may you have the pleasure of seeing the work of the Lord prosper in your hands. A kiss to each of the children, not for- getting the little stranger. With kind regards to yourself, husband, and associates, " I remain your friend, "LUCY G. THURSTON.-- 144 THE MISSIONARY'S DAUGHTER. CHAPTER XV. ^iEWS OF MR. AND MRS. THURSTON IN BRINGING THEIR CHILDREN TO AMERICA— JOURNAL— PARTING INTERVIEWS— LETTER TO LUCY FROM HER FATHER. That Mr. and Mrs. Thurston had had much success in the experiment of training up their children upon heathen ground, must be obvi- ous to every one who reads the history of their daughter Lucy. Why then, it may be asked, did they wish to bring their children to this country ? "Why remove them from the spot where they had already entered upon useful service in the cause of Christ, and the salva- tion of the heathen ? It was because they considered the advanta- ges of parental instruction, and infrequent in- tercourse and correspondence with missionary friends, as insufficient to complete their educa- tion, and to promote that improvement which was important for their future usefulness. These children had enjoyed much instruc- tion ; their knowledge of books was consider- able, and the culture of their minds had been carried on under comparatively favorable cir- cumstances. But they v/ere entirely cut off DEPARTURE FOR AMERICA. 14f, from many of those influences which tend to enlarge the mind and elevate the character. They had been reared in seclusion, and now that it was safe for them to emerge from it, it was to mingle with a people in the infancy of their civilization, and destitute of all the char- acteristics or facilities for activity and enter- prise. And these were the people who looked to them for example, and whom they were to teach the manners and customs, as well as the religion of an enlightened and Christian nation. Under these circumstances, these parents con- sidered it necessary that their children should come to this country. They wished them to feel the influence of our institutions, to enjoy the advantages of enlightened society, to min- gle with an active, enterprising people, and to experience the benefit of those various and nameless impressions upon character, which are only received from contact with the civil- ized world. They believed, too, that the knowledge of human nature which their children had gained in the bosom of their own family and the fam- ilies of the missionaries, was not sufficient to enable them to contend with the prejudices of Miss. Daughter. 10 146 THE MISSIONARY'S DAUGHTER. heathenism ; that they could not successfully advocate Christian institutions without wit- nessing their general effects, and that in order to take a stand among the missionaries, they must enjoy higher advantages, and more ex- tensive observation of men and manners, than could be obtained in the Sandwich Islands. It was not therefore their design, in retain- ing their children with them so much longer than was the usual practice of the missiona- ries, to limit them to the advantages of paren- tal instruction, and to the locality of a heathen village. They desired to keep them under their care until their characters were so far formed that they might be prepared to resist the temptations to which they would be ex- posed upon leaving the paternal roof, and to conduct their education till they arrived at an age to appreciate the advantages of literary institutions in a Christian country ; and then, with the approbation of the Board, to come with their children to America : to choose lo- cations for them in some approved institutions, where they might complete their studies and become prepared to labor in whatever field the providence of God might appoint to them ; DEPARTURE FOR AMERICA. 147 while it was their cherished desire that these children might thus be fitted to return to their native islands, and exert a more efficient influ- ence upon the Hawaiian people,* They accordingly obtained permission to come to this country in 1839, when their eld- est daughter was eighteen, Lucy sixteen, and their eldest son twelve years of age. No op- portunity offering, their departure was delayed till the following year. In the meantime Mrs. Thurston's health, which had been feeble, having been restored, and the arrival of two Roman priests causing Mr. Thurston to ques- tion the expediency of leaving his station, Mrs. Thurston consented to come upon the impor- tant errand alone. The family went up to Honolulu, in the latter part of April, to attend the general * The writer wishes to be understood as simply stat- ing the views of these parents, as expressed to her by one of them. A difference of opinion exists, not only among missionaries as to the time of sending their chil- dren to Christian countries, but also among the friends of missions as to the expediency of sending them at all, if they can be educated at the stations. A comparison of views and a presentation of facts are to throw light on these subjects. 14& THE MISSIONARY'S DAUGHTER. meeting, and as a vessel was to sail for Amer- ica, they remained until the time of their em- barkation.* On the 4th of August, 1840, they bade adieu to their missionary friends, the mother and children parted from their hus- band and father, and Lucy looked for the last time upon the receding shores of her native isles. JOU E N A L " Honolulu, July 27, 1840. — It is decided that we sail in the bark Flora, Captain Spring, bound for New York. The time set for sailing * Mrs. Thurston returned in the meantime to Kailua, to obtain the furniture, baggage, etc., for the voyage. A young traveller who went to Hawaii to visit the vol- cano, and returned to Honolulu in the same vessel with Mrs. Thurston, thus describes her departure from Kailua. " Mrs. Thurston and her son were still our ' com- pagnons du voyage.' Her departure from a people to whom she had been ardently devoted for so many years was a very affecting scene. Upon her first arrival at Kailua, the poor natives followed her in crowds wher- ever she went, displaying the strongest affection for her, and the most sincere grief at her removal from them. They eagerly assisted in conveying her effects down to t.he shore, and when she was lifted into the boat to go on board the brie, many of them waded in the water to testify their affection, and a wail of sorrow followed the beat until she was alongside the brig." Olmsted's Incidents of a Whaling Vojage. DEPARTURE FOR AMERICA. 149 is at 12 o'clock on Monday next. Twenty passengers are engaged. Mr. Bingham and family, with Caroline A., Mr. R., wife and child, Captain Shaw and two children, Mr. G. and our family with the exception of father. We shall have a good opportunity of studying human nature, there being so many individuals, each with different views and habits of feeling and acting, brought into such close contact with one another. I hope that peace and har- mony will prevail. We have seen Captain Spring several times. He appears to be a gentleman of piety, education, and politeness. The vessel is to touch at the Society Islands. We have a great desire to visit these islands, and see the missionaries and their children. " Sunday, Aug. 2. — This is the last Sabbath that we spend on these shores. Before another we shall be wafted far from the loved land of our childhood. We have this evening had family prayers together for the last time. Can it be, that this happy family, which have for twenty years dwelt under one roof, is to be separated? I cannot realize that we shall part before another sun shall set. The thought is exceedingly painful. Our happiest days are 150 THE MISSIONARY'S DAUGHTER. gone. Our circumstances will be peculiarly trying, situated as we shall be during a voy- age of six months without a father on whom to depend. " Tuesday, Aug. 6. — Last Monday we saw the sun arise for the last time upon the Sand- wich Islands. Our family were invited to Dr. Judd's to breakfast. After prayers we went down to the vessel. We returned again at ten o'clock as the bell was ringing for meeting. Our friends were already assembled at Mr. Castle's. The emblems of the broken body and shed blood of the Saviour were placed upon a table in the middle of the room. "We sat down for the last time around the table of the Lord with our dear father and other friends with whom we had often enjoyed such seasons. Father led the meeting and preserved his usual composure, though once or twice he was so affected as not to be able to proceed. He re- ferred to the two families which were about to be broken up. Children were to be separated from parents, a wife from a husband, a minis- ter from his people. It was a tender and most solemn scene " We then went to Dr. Judd's and partook DEPARTURE FOR AMERICA. 151 of some refreshments. It was then time to depart. Having taken leave of all our friends who did not accompany us, we hastened down to the wharf, called upon the chiefs on our way. "We ascended the side of the vessel, and entered the floating bark, which was to be our home for six months "Father came down into our room, and with tears in his eyes, and with a faltering voice exclaimed, l The hour is come.' Oh, what a moment was that ! "We could not repress our sorrow, but gave vent to our feelings in a flood of tears. After a few moments we went on deck, and how many thoughts rushed to our aching hearts, as we saw the loved land of our childhood fading from our sight, and beheld in the little boat, the image of our father, who would soon return to his distant station and his lonely home. "August 8. — This morning mother took a package from her desk, opened it, and present- ed each of us with a letter. "We saw that they were written in the well-known hand of our dear father. On perusing the contents of mine a tender chord was touched in my heart, and my tears flowed afresh. This letter will be 152 THE MISSIONARY'S DAUGHTER. doubly valuable from the affecting circum- stances under which it was written. Ever will it be my joy and aim to regard the parting advice and instruction of an absent parent, and conform my actions to his wishes." This last letter to Lucy from her beloved father, contains valuable counsel for every young person, and though designed for one who has now entered eternity, we know the writer will approve its being presented to the readers of these pages. "Honolulu, July 14, 1840. " My dear daughter Lucy — The time has come that we must separate. Nay, we have separated for a season — perhaps for life — per- haps for ever. "We may no more meet on earth. We shall both be in the great assembly at the judgment-day, either at the right or left hand of the Judge. We may not both be among the blessed, who shall enter heaven with songs and everlasting joy. Would we enter heaven, we must be prepared for that place while here on earth. See to it that you are prepared. Be careful lest you be led away by the glare and fascinations of this world. DEPARTURE FOR AMERICA. 1. r >^ Ten thousand temptations will assail yon, and if you are not on your guard you may yield to some of them. Beware of the three great en- emies of your soul, the world, the flesh, and the devil. Keep your heart with all diligence, for out of it are the issues of life. Read your Bible daily with prayer and meditation. Live near to God, walk with God, and let it be seen by all around you, that you are indeed a disci- ple of Jesus ; that 3 7 ou bear his image, and that you are determined to follow him, what- ever may be the consequences, whatever others may say of you. Regard not the maxims, customs, or opinions of the world, if in their tendency they lead you away from Christ, and from heaven. Let the love of Christ dwell in you richly, in all wisdom and spiritual under- standing. "'Know thyself is an injunction of great importance to the well-being of the soul. This you cannot know without frequent and careful self-examination. Examine yourself daily, and once a week let the work be done with more care and scrutiny than usual. There are sea- sons when this duty is rendered peculiarly ap- propriate — the close of the day — the close of 154 THE MISSIONARY'S DAUGHTER. the week — the close of the year. Previous to a season of communion, as it is enjoined by the apostle, ' Let a man examine himself, and so let him eat of that bread and drink of that cup.' There are many other seasons when the duty of self-examination is peculiarly appro- priate. Never let these seasons pass away without finding you engaged in your appropri- ate duties. Be not ashamed of Christ and his cross — take up your cross daily and follow him, and let it appear to all with whom you asso- ciate, that you are a disciple of the meek and lowly Jesus. Forget not to labor and pray for the heathen, and prepare yourself by mental cultivation, as well as Christian discipline, to labor among them if the providence of God shall favor it. Write a letter at least once a year to some of your scholars on Hawaii ; and forget not to pray for the children and youth of the Sandwich Islands. Pray for the church and people of Kailua, and pray for your father, who is still laboring for their salvation. God Almighty bless you, my daughter Lucy. Fare- well. We may meet no more on earth. Shall we meet in heaven ? "YOUR FATHER." JOURNAL OF THE VOYAGE. 155 CHAPTER XVI. JOURNAL OF HER VOYAGE. Lucy's embarkation introduced her at once into new circumstances. She felt the change deeply, and suffered extremely from that timid- ity and diffidence which were so peculiar to her nature ; but conducted herself with so much propriety, and was so kind and courteous in her deportment, as to gain the affection of her fellow-passengers, and the respect and esteem of all on board. Several who made this voy- age with her, have testified to the kind and affectionate spirit, and the lovely humility, which were manifest in all her intercourse with those around her; to the "admirable consistency" of her Christian character, and the diligence with which she devoted herself to the improvement of her mind and manners. Her journal indicates that the voyage was not to her a season of idleness, or of desultory and unprofitable pursuits. She entered at once upon systematic employment, commenced new studies, and devoted some time to drawing. She availed herself with delight and gratitude 156 THE MISSIONARY'S DAUGHTER. of every means for acquiring knowledge both by observation and instruction, and felt at the close of the voyage, that it had been to her a valuable preparation for entering American so- ciety — little thinking that the voyage of her life was nearly ended, and that God was pre- paring her to enter the haven of eternal rest ! "Aug. 10. — We have been trying to make some arrangements for study and work. Capt. Shaw has kindly offered to teach us in naviga- tion, and has allowed us the use of his sextant. We have been learning to read the sextant to- day." EXTRACT FBOM A LETTER TO MES. ANDREWS. "Barque Flora, Aug. 22, 1840. N. Lat. 5° 5". " My dear Mrs. A. — As we expect to reach Tahiti, in a week I commence writing to you to leave at those islands " After we had recovered from sea-sickness, P., A., and myself commenced the study of navigation. We take the latitude and longi- tude every day. It is very interesting to us. We also keep a log-book " Not a day passes but my thoughts turn .OURNAL OF THE VOYAGE. 157 back to my beloved home and friends at Kailua. I trust you are all enjoying good health, and doing all you can for the poor natives. We long to hear from you all, and to learn the state of affairs at Kailua. How much would I give to see you again. May the best of heaven's blessings rest upon you. Before the mercy- seat we remember our dear absent friends. Love, much love to you all, and to my scholars. "Your affectionate friend, "LUCY." " Sept. 6, Sunday. — Tahiti and Eimeo, are very plainly to be seen. Capt. S. read a ser- mon to us to-day on the observance of the Sab- bath. It is painful to witness the manner in which the Sabbath is observed by many on board, and how much worldly conversation is carried on, unsuitable to the sacredness of the day. I often sigh for the quiet Sabbaths I used to spend at my beloved home. " Sept. 10. — Anchored this morning in Pa- peete harbor, (Society Islands.) The prospect was delightful. The deep ravines and high hills covered with the richest verdure, the wav- ing leaves of the banana, the thick groves of tall and stately cocoanut, the orange-trees whose 158 THE MISSIONARY'S DAUGHTER. dark green leaves contrasted strongly with the brilliant yellow of the fruit, the luxuriant breadfruit, and innumerable guava bushes, rendered the scene extremely beautiful and picturesque. Mr. Pritchard came on beard and invited the missionaries to his house. Our family and Mr. Bingham's soon went on shore and received a cordial reception from our friends. We took dinner, which consisted of fresh pork, and breadfruit, and orange pie for dessert. Miss Barff presided at the table, as Mrs. P. was con- fined with her children, who have the whoop- ing-cough. It is the first instance known of this disease in these islands.* "About 8 o'clock in the evening we re- turned to the vessel to spend the night. The harbor was smooth and still, and we remained on deck for an hour gazing on the beautiful scene which was spread out before us. The fair moon shed her silver rays on the smooth and polished surface of the water, bespangled with the stars reflected from it. By the moonlight we could distinguish the rich foliage of the trees on shore, and see the huts of the natives, * Neither the smallpox, measles, or whooping-cough, have ever been known in the Sandwich Islands. JOURNAL OF THE VOYAGE. 159 and the white-washed houses of the foreign residents which lined the beach. By the de- lightful prospect before us, our thoughts were carried from * nature up to nature's God.' We enjoyed a pleasant conversation with those on board and then retired below. "Sept. 11. — "We called on the queen this af- ternoon. She is about thirty years of age, and very amiable and interesting in her appearance. She is not so fleshy as the chiefs at the Sand- wich Islands. We saw her little son, a pretty boy about three years old. The queen asked a variety of questions respecting us, which Mr. BarfT answered, as we were not able to con- verse in the language. Mr. Bingham present- ed her with a copy of the Hawaiian Bible. " We have concluded to observe to-morrow as the Sabbath with the Tahitians, as they are one day in advance of us.* * As an explanation of the fact here alluded to, some* readers may need to be informed, that in consequence of the missionaries at these two different groups of islands having passed to their respective stations in op- posite directions, the one company by the Cape of Good Hope, and the other by Cape Horn, they necessarily differ one day in their computation of time. Hence the Sabbath at the Society Islands 'occurs one day earlier than at the Sandwich Islands. 160 THE MISSIONARY'S DAUGHTER. " Saturday, Sept. 13. — This is the Tahitian Sabbath. We attended the native chapel this momma;. The service was conducted in the same manner as at the Sandwich Islands, ex- cept that a native deacon sat in the reading- desk before the pulpit and read the hymns. The queen, in going to church, was followed by one hundred and fifty soldiers, who marched two by two after her majesty. They made quite a display, dressed in uniform with caps and feathers. Six flags were borne in front. The queen appeared in a becoming and digni- fied manner. She was attired in a pink figured satin dress, with slippers of a corresponding color. A worked muslin cape around her neck, and a neatly braided bonnet trimmed with pink satin ribbon, and three waving ostrich plumes, completed her dress. Her husband, whom we had not before seen, sat beside her. He was about twenty-one years of age, and was very good looking. The females were mostly seated in the gallery. Like the Sand- wich Islanders they are fond of bright and gaudy colors. They make a very showy ap- pearance with their gay dresses and straw bon- nets. Their hair they arrange in a very modest JOURNAL OF THE VOYA one of you who has a willing heart io be a co- worker with him in the extension of his blessed kingdom. The present band of laborers will soon be gathered to their fathers. Perhaps God is now calling to some of you, as he did to Samuel of old, to consecrate yourselves early to the ser- vice of the altar. Listen to that call. Devote yourselves to the Saviour, and by mental cul- ture and discipline, and with dependence on the grace and spirit of your Master, seek to be prepared for his service, and he will permit you to bear the knowledge of his name afar off to the Gentiles. Children of Christian parents, consecrated to God in your childhood, when you think of "the missionary's daughter," remember how she loved the heathen, and ask what you can do for the Saviour who died for their redemption. 1SE. Daughter. J ^ APPENDIX. THE HAWAIIAN LANGUAGE. EXTRACT FROM " STEWART'S SANDWICH ISLANDS." The Hawaiian language was exclusively ora] till after the arrival of the American missionaries : a first effort by them was a reduction of it to a writ- ten form. They found it to be simple in its elements, and capable of being represented in its sounds by a selection from the Roman alphabet. Its peculiari- ties consist in a predominance of vowels, and an entire rejection of double consonants, and of all sib- ilant, nasal, and guttural sounds, and in the invari- able termination of eveiy syllable and word by a vowel. The Hawaiian alphabet consists of fourteen let- ters : five vowels, &, e, i, o, u, and nine consonants, b, d, h, k, I, m } n, p, and w. That no letter should be silent, and that every letter should have one un* deviating sound, were made radical principles in the written language. The English sounds of the con- APPENDIX. 211 sonants were retained ; but important advantages led to the adoption, for the vowels, of the sounds given to them in the principal languages of the con- tinent of Europe. To pronounce any word in their tongue correctly, therefore, it is necessary only to learn the proper sounds of the vowels and dip- thongs. a is sounded ah, as in man, mat, marry. e has the sound of a in fate, mate, date. i has the sound of ee in bee, or i in marine. o is sounded as in no, note. u has the sound of oo, as rude, rule, ruin. The principal dipthongs are, ai, sounded as in aisle. au, sounded oiv, as in vow. oi, sounded as in oil. ou, sounded like o, followed closely by oo. These remarks will explain the changes which have taken place in the orthography of some words which frequently appear in the journals of the mis- sionaries, as habit, halo, kapa, etc., for tabu, taro, tapa, etc. ; and may aid the reader in pronouncing some names and terms in this volume, of which the pronunciation is not given. 212 THE MISSIONARY'S DAUGHTER. ERUPTION OF THE VOLCANO OF KILAUEA, ON THE ISLAND OF HAWAII, IN 1840. BY REV. TITUS COAN. On the 30th of May the people of Puna observed the appearance of smoke and fire in the interior, a mountainous and desolate region in that district. Thinking that the fire might be the burning of some jungle, they took little notice of it until the next day, Sunday, when the meetings in the different vil lages were thrown into confusion by a sudden and grand exhibition of fire, on a scale so large and fear- ful as to leave no room to doubt the cause of the phenomenon. The fire augmented during the day and night ; but it did not seem to flow off rapidly in any direction. All were in consternation, as it was expected that the molten flood would pour itself down from its height of four thousand feet to the coast, and no one knew to what point it would flow, or what devastation would attend its fiery course. On Monday, June 1st, the stream began to flow of? in a northeasterly direction ; and on Wednesday, June 3d, at evening, the burning river reached the sea, having averaged about half a mile an hour in its progress. The rapidity of the flow was very une- qual, being modified by the inequalities of the surface over which the stream passed. Sometimes it is sup- posed to have moved five miles* an hour, and at othei APPENDIX. 213 times, owing to obstructions, making no apparent progress, except clearing away hills and precipices. But I will return to the source of the irruption. This is in a forest, and in the bottom of an ancient wooded crater, about four hundred feet deep, and probably eight miles east from Kilauea. The region being uninhabited and covered with a thicket, it was some time before the place was discovered ; and up to this time, though several foreigners have attempted it, no one except myself has reached the spot. From Kilauea to this place, the lava flows in a subterra- nean gallery, probably at the depth of a thousand feet ; but its course can be distinctly traced all the w r ay, by the rending of the crust of the earth into innumerable fissures, and by the emission of smoke, steam, and gases. The eruption in this old crater ia small, and from this place the stream disappears again for the distance of a mile or two, when the lava again gushed up, and spread over an area of about fifty acres. Again it passes under ground for two or three miles, when it reappears in another old wooded crater, consuming the forest, and partly fill- ing up the basin. Once more it disappears, and flowing in a subterranean channel, cracks and breaks the earth, opening fissures from six inches to ten or twelve feet in width, and sometimes splitting the trunk of a tree so exactly that its legs stand astride at the fissure. At some places it is impossible to 214 THE MISSIONARY'S DAUGHTER. trace the subterranean stream, on account of the im- penetrable thicket under which it passes. After flowing under ground several miles, perhaps six or eight, it again broke out like an overwhelming flood, and sweeping forest, hamlet, plantation, and every thing before it, rolled down "with resistless energy to the sea, where, leaping a precipice of forty or fifty feet, it poured itself in one vast cataract of fire, into the deep below, with loud detonations, fearful hiss- ings, and a thousand unearthly and indescribable sounds. Imagine to yourself a river of fused mine- rals, of the breadth and depth of Niagara, and of a deep gory red, falling in one emblazoned sheet, one raging torrent, into the ocean. The scene, as de- scribed by eye-witnesses, was terribly sublime. Two mighty agencies in collision. Two antagonistic and gigantic forces in contact, and producing effects on a scale inconceivably grand. The atmosphere in all directions was filled with ashes, spray, gases, etc. ; while the burning lava, as it fell into the water, was shivered into millions of minute particles, and being thrown back into the air, fell in showers of sand on all the surrounding country. The coast was extended into the sea for a quarter of a mile, and a pretty sand beach and a new cape were formed. Three hills of sand were also formed in the sea, the lowest about two hundred, and the highest about three hundred feet. For three v/eeks this terrific river disgorged itself APPENDIX. 215 into the sea with little abatement. Multitudes of fishes were killed, and the waters of the ocean were heated for twenty miles along the coast. The breadth of the stream, where it fell into the sea, is about half a mile, but inland it varies from one to four or five miles in width, conforming itself like a river to the face of the country over which it flowed. In- deed, if you can imagine the Mississippi converted into liquid fire, of the consistency of fused iron, and moving onward, sometimes rapidly, sometimes slug- gishly, now widening into a sea, and anon rushing through a narrow defile, winding its way through mighty forests and ancient solitudes, you will get some idea of the spectacle here exhibited. The depth of the stream will probably vary from ten to two hundred feet, according to the inequalities of the surface over which it passed. During the flow, night was converted into day on all eastern Hawaii. The light rose and spread like morning upon the moun tains, and its glare was seen on the opposite side of the island. It was also distinctly visible for more than one hundred miles at sea ; and at the distance of forty miles, fine print could be read at midnight. The brilliancy of the light was like a blazing firma- ment, and the scene was one of unrivalled sublimity. The whole course of the stream from Kilauea to the sea, is about forty miles. Its mouth is about twenty-five miles from Hilo station. The ground 216 THE MISSIONARY'S DAUGHTER. over which it flowed descends at the rate of one hun- dred feet to the mile. The crust is now cooled, and may be traversed, with care, though scalding steam, pun- gent gases, and smoke are still emitted in many places. On pursuing my way for nearly two days over this mighty smouldering mass, I was more and more impressed at every step with the wonderful scene. Hills had been melted down like wax ; ravines and deep valleys had been filled ; and majestic forests had disappeared like a feather in the flames. In some places the molten stream parted and flowed in separate channels for a considerable distance, and then reuniting, formed islands of various sizes, from one to fifty acres, with trees still standing, but seared and blighted with the intense heat. On the outer edges of the lava, where the stream was more shal- low, and the heat less vehement, and where of course the liquid mass cooled soonest, the trees were mowed down like grass before the scythe, and left charred, crisped, smouldering, and only half consumed. As the lava flowed around the trunks of large trees on the outskirts of the stream, the melted mass stiffened and consolidated before the trunk was consumed ; and when this was effected, the top of the tree fell and lay unconsumed on the crust, while the hole which marked the place of the trunk, remains almost as smooth and perfect as the calibre of a cannon. These holes are innumerable, and I found them to APPENDIX. 217 measure from ten to forty feet deep ; but as I remarked before, they are in the more shallow parts of the lava, the trees being entirely consumed where it was deeper. During - the flow of this eruption, the great crater of Kilauea sunk about three hundred feet, and her fires became nearly extinct, one lake only out of many being left active in this mighty caldron. This, with other facts which have been named, demon- strates that the eruption was the disgorgement of the fires of Kilauea. The open lake in the old crater is at present intensely active, and the fires are increas- ing, as is evident from the glare visible at our sta- tion, and from the testimony of visitors. During the early part of the eruption, slight and repeated shocks of earthquake were felt for several successive days, near the scene of action. These shocks were not noticed at Hilo. Through the directing hand of a kind Providence, no lives were lost, and but little property was con- sumed during this amazing flood of fiery ruin. The stream passed over an almost uninhabited desert. A few little hamlets were consumed, and a few plan- tations were destroyed ; but the inhabitants, fore- warned, fled and escaped. During the progress of the eruption, some of the people in Puna spent most of their time in prayer and in religious meetings ; some flew in consternation from the face of the all- devouring element, others wandered along its mar- 218 THE MISSIONARY'S DAUGHTER. gin, marking with idle curiosity its daily progress^ while another class still coolly pursued their usual avocations, unawed by the burning fury as it rolled along within a mile of their doors. It was literally true that they ate, drank, bought, sold, planted, builded, apparently indifferent to the roar of con- suming forests, the sight of devouring fire, the start- ling detonations, the hissing of escaping steam, the rending of the earth, the shivering and melting of gigantic rocks, the raging and dashing of the fiery waves, the bellowings, the murmurings and un- earthly mutterings coming up from a burning deep. They went carelessly on amid the rain of ashes, sand, and fiery scintillations, gazing vacantly on the ever- varying appearance of the atmosphere, murky, black, livid, blazing, the sudden rising of lofty pillars of flame, the upward curling of ten thousand columns of smoke, and their majestic roll in dense, dingy, lurid, or parti-colored clouds. All these moving phenomena were regarded by them as the fall of a shower, or the running of a brook ; while to others they were as the tokens of a burning world, the departing heavens, and a coming Judge. I will just remark here, that while the stream was flowing, it might be approached within a few yards on the windward side ; while at the leeward no one could live within the distance of many miles, on account of the smoke, the impregnation of the APPENDIX. 219 air with pungent and deadly gases, and the fiery showers which were constantly descending and de- stroying all vegetable life. During the progress of the descending stream, it would often fall into some fissure, and forcing itself in apertures, and under massy rocks, and even hillocks and extended plats of ground, and lifting them from their ancient beds, bear them with all their superincumbent mass of soil, trees, etc., on its livid bosom, like a raft on the water. When the fused mass was sluggish, it had a gory appearance like clotted blood, and when it was active it resembled fresh and clotted blood min- gled and thrown into violent agitation. Sometimes the flowing lava would find a subterranean gallery, diverging at right angles from the main channel, and pressing into it would flow off unobserved, till meet- ing with some obstruction in its dark passage, when, by its expansive force, it would raise the crust of the earth into a dome-like hill, of fifteen or twenty feet in height, and then, bursting this shell, pour itself out in a fiery torrent around. A man who was standing at a considerable distance from the main stream, and intensely gazing on the absorbing scene before him, found himself suddenly raised to the height of ten or fifteen feet above the common level around him, and he had but just time to escape from his dangerous position, when the earth opened where he had stood, and a stream of fire gushed out. BOOKS FOR YOUNG MEN. MAGIE'S SPRING-TIME OF LIFE. With portrait. 848 pp. 18nio ; 30 cts., or 40 gilt, YOUNG MAN FROM HOME. By Rev. John Angell James. 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