A JESUIT. 
 
SECRET INSTRUCTIONS 
 
 THE JESUITS, 
 
 FAITHFULLY TRANSLATED FKOM THE LATIN OF AN 
 OLD GENUINE LONDON COPY, 
 
 WITH 
 
 AN HISTORICAL SKETCH, 
 
 &c. &c. 
 BY W. C. BEOWNLEE, D. D. 
 
 OF THE COLLEGIATE REFORMED DUTCH CHURCH. 
 
 NEW-YORK: 
 
 AMERICAN AND FOREIGN CHRISTIAN UNION, 
 
 156 Chambers-street, a few doors West of the 
 
 Hudson River Rail Road Depot 
 
 'l857.' 
 

 
SECRET INSTRUCTIONS 
 
 THE JESUITS. 
 
 D. FANSHAW, 
 
 6TEEEOTYPEB AND PRINTER, 
 
 85 Ann-street, corner of Nassan. 
 
 235162 
 
HISTORICAL SKETCH, &c. 
 
 " Swear forswear and the truth deny '" 
 " Jura, perjura, veritatemque denega!" 
 
 Jesuit maxim. 
 
 The Society of the Jesuits was founded in 
 1540, just eleven years after the Christian 
 church had come out of the Roman sect, and 
 assumed the name of Protestants. The singu- 
 lar originator of the new order was Ignatius 
 Loyola, a native of Biscay. He had, when a 
 soldier, received a severe wound in the service 
 of Ferdinand Y. of Spain, in 1521 ; and he had 
 been long confined in a place where he had ac- 
 cess, probably, to no other books than The Lives 
 of the Saints. It is not to be wondered at that 
 his mind was thence turned away from military 
 enthusiasm to ghostly fanaticism. When re- 
 covered, he speedily gave proofs of his insane 
 fanaticism by assuming the name and office of 
 " Knight of the Virgin Mary. 7 ' And like a good 
 type of the future Don Quixote, he pursued 
 with solemn gravity, a course of the wildest 
 and most extravagant adventures, in the belief 
 that he was her most exalted favorite. Hav 
 1* 
 
5 HISTORICAL SKETCH 
 
 ing conceived the plan of a new monastic order 
 he submitted the constitution thereof to Pope 
 Paul III. And he assured his " Infallibility 
 and Holiness," that the plan and constitution, 
 were given to him by an immediate revelation 
 from Heaven. This he no doubt deemed neces- 
 sary to be on a footing of equality with the other 
 orders. For, as Dr. Stillingfleet had shown, 
 every order of monks and nuns in Eome has 
 been ordained by visions, and inspirations 
 from Heaven.*" 
 
 The pope hesitated. Loyola took the hint, 
 and had another conveniant inspiration, and 
 added to the three usual vows of the monastic 
 orders of chastity, poverty, and obedience, a 
 fourth vow, namely, absolute subservience to 
 the pope ; to do whatever he enjoined, and go 
 on any service he wished, and into any quarter 
 of the globe. 
 
 This the pope could not resist ; especially at 
 a time when the Eeformation had convulsed 
 his seat, and shaken his empire to the founda- 
 tion. He accordingly issued his bull of confirm- 
 ation, and sent them out to invade the world. 
 Their object was diverse from that of all other 
 orders. Monks professed to retire from the 
 world, and macerate the body. The Jesuits set 
 * On the Idolatry of the Church of Rome, chap. iv. 
 
OF THE J E8UITS. 7 
 
 out to conquer the world to the pope. The 
 monks hoped to conquer the flesh but they did 
 it by acting contrary to the laws of nature, and 
 .the gospel of Christ. The Jesuits aimed at an 
 universal dominion over the souls and bodies 
 of men, to bind them as vassals to the pope's 
 chariot wheels. The monks professed to com- 
 bat in private, the devil, the world and flesh ; 
 although they did it in the exact way to make 
 themselves the slaves of the flesh and the de- 
 vil. The Jesuits were the soldiers of the pope : 
 they knew no law but the will of their general ; 
 no mode of worship but the pope's dictate ; no 
 church but themselves. And the mass-god 
 which their head at Rome set before them in the 
 wafer was the idol of their adoration. They were 
 also extremely indulgent to their heathen con- 
 verts, the Chinese, for instance. They allow- 
 ed them to continue the worship of their ances- 
 tors, and light candles, and burn incense before 
 their images ; they imposed" on them no other 
 burden than to give to these deceased Chinese 
 the names of the Roman saints, such as St. 
 Peter, St. Paul, St. Mary ! These the converts 
 had on their lips, while their heart's homage 
 was given to their ancestors. Thus they con 
 verted them by stealth, and saved them by de 
 ception and idolatry ! 
 
8 HISTORICAL SKETCH 
 
 Among the Indians of our great West they 
 not only suppressed the truths of Christianity, 
 but devised the most infamous fictions and false- 
 hoods. " One of them assured a native chief 
 that Jesus Christ was just such a one as he 
 would have admired. He was a mighty chief, 
 a valiant and victorious warrior, who had in 
 the space of three years scalped an incredible 
 number of men, women, and children." "An- 
 other, in the East Indies, produced a pedigree 
 of himself, in which he clearly demonstrated 
 that he was a lineal descendant of Brama!" 
 Brewster's Encyclopedia, article Jesuit, vol. xi. 
 
 Other papal orders were in a manner volun- 
 tary : at least their members had great liber" 
 ties, and were not in abject submission to their 
 abbot or superior. But the sect of Jesuits were 
 placed by Loyola under a strict military and 
 despotic government. In fact, the old wounded 
 soldier took his laws and discipline from his 
 military experience. Like the military chief, 
 their general was chosen for life. To him 
 every member was sworn on. the cross, to yield 
 an implicit obedience. Like the soldier, the 
 Jesuit yielded up his body, and soul, and wishes, 
 and desires to his general. He had no right 
 to consult a friend, or exercise even his own 
 judgment. The general's will was his will : he 
 
OF THE JE8 HITS. 9 
 
 must go wherever their chief, residing at Eome, 
 should dictate, be it into Asia, or Africa, or 
 any portion of the globe. He put no questions : 
 he asked no reasons. The general was his so- 
 vereign god. He sailed with sealed orders. He 
 must teach, not what he believed to be right. 
 He had no choice of his faith. He must be- 
 lieve as his general regulated his heart, and 
 soul, and conscience. He must do any deed 
 enjoined on him, asking no questionsAHe was 
 not to shrink from any deed of blood. If the 
 general enjoined, he must send the Spanish Ar- 
 ia ade to overthrow England : he must blow up 
 the English parliament with gun-powder : he 
 must assassinate King Henry of France, or 
 shoot the Prince of Orange : or poison Pope 
 Ganganelli : or enjoin Charles IX. to perpetrate 
 the St. Bartholomew massacre : and Louis XIV. 
 to revoke the Edict of Nantz, and cover fair 
 France with blood antl havoc ; and fill the na- 
 tions with the lamentations of her miserable 
 exiles ! If he failed, he tried again and again. 
 
 He stopped not short of his aim, until ^ was 
 either accomplished or he died on the rack,, as 
 did the assassin of. the King of France. And if 
 he did perish, he was sainted ; as was Garnet, 
 the Jesuit chief of the Gunpowder plot; who is 
 
10 HISTORICAL SKETCH 
 
 to this day worshipped as St. Henry, in Spain."* 
 The general had the uncontrolled right of 
 receiving and disbursing their immense funds ; 
 and made every nomination to office; and re- 
 moved any one he chose without assigning any 
 reasons to any one. For, although nominally un- 
 der the pope's power, the Society exercised an 
 unlimited power over the cardinals, and even 
 over the Pope. Money, and Jesuit craft over- 
 came all and enslaved all. They did what the 
 kings of France did to the Pope ; and what Aus- 
 tria now is doing to his vassal, " the Holy Fa- 
 ther." They flattered and caressed u the succes- 
 sor of Sfc. Peter ;" while they tied up his hands, 
 and chained him in his chair of St. Peter. 
 
 The whole Society was divided by their 
 general into thirty-seven Provinces; and a 
 register lay before him, containing the charac- 
 ter of each novice, and of each fully initiated 
 member : his talent, his tact, his activity, his 
 defects, everything relating to him. Hence 
 the general had an accurate view of each in- 
 strument, in each field, ready for every emer- 
 gency and task. " The Jesuits had mission- 
 aries for the villages; and martyrs for the 
 Indians," says the writer of their history, in 
 
 * Hume's Hist. vol. iii. ch. 46. 
 
OF THE JESUITS. 1! 
 
 Brewster's Edinburgh. Encyclopedia. " Thus 
 a peculiar energy was imparted to the opera 
 tions of this most singular society. The Jesu 
 its are a naked sword, whose hilt is at Rome, 
 but its blade is everywhere, invisible until 
 its stroke is felt." 
 
 They soon found their way into schools, 
 and sought most anxiously to gain the educa- 
 tion of children, especially of Protestants. 
 Their maxim was this: "Give us the educa- ' 
 tion of the children of this day, and the next 
 generation will be ours, ours in maxims, in 
 morals, and religion !" They found their way 
 into colleges; into theological institutions, 
 as at this day in Oxford and other places. 
 They pretended to be converted, and to enter 
 into Protestant churches. They were found in 
 the Reformed Church in France and Holland, 
 and caused grievous and fatal divisions by false 
 doctrine. They were found in the rank of the/ 
 old English Puritans. This was discovered 
 by a letter from the Jesuit confessor of the 
 King of England to the Jesuit confessed of 
 Louis XIV. "How admirably our people 
 imitate the Puritan preachers," said he/in this 
 intercepted letter. 
 
 They adapted themselves to al^kinds of 
 character. "With the Jew they wre Jews to 
 
12 HISTORICAL SKETCH 
 
 gain their object; with the infidel they were 
 sceptics ; to the immoral they were the most 
 liberal and indulgent, until they gained the 
 absolute ascendency over them. Hence they 
 found their way into Kings courts, and Queens' 
 boudoirs. This sect gave confessors to the 
 chief crowned heads of Europe. England, 
 France, and the Waldenses, under the house of 
 Savoy, felt this to their cost. It was in allu- 
 sion to their utter disregard of morals, except 
 where property and power were to be gained 
 by a show of morals, that the Abbe Boileau 
 said with great truth, " They are a sort of 
 people who lengthen the creed, and shorten 
 the moral law ! " 
 
 And for want of room, I must, without 
 quoating it, refer the reader to the almost pre- 
 diction of Dr. Browne, Bishop of Dublin, in 
 1551, respecting their character, their aims, 
 their deeds and downfall. This is found in the 
 Earleian Miscellany, vol. v. 566: and in Mo- 
 sheim's Eccles. Hist. Cent. 16 ; sect. 3. part 2. 
 
 The success of this sect was at first very 
 slow. In 1540, when the frantic Loyola peti- 
 tioned the Pope for a bull to establish this 
 new papal army, he had only ten disciples. He 
 was in Learly as hapless a condition as his 
 equally m^ral, and equally Christian brother, 
 
Of THE JEBCITS. 13 
 
 Mohammed. But they surmounted every dif- 
 ficulty for a season, by adapting their agents 
 and members to every class. And particu- 
 larly, they gained applause, and fame, and 
 wealth, by cultivating the arts and sciences : 
 by diffusing the most extensive taste for the 
 classics, by their editions "In usum Delplnni ;" 
 for the instruction of the Dauphin, as the 
 young heir apparent to the French throne, was 
 then entitled. \ 
 
 In fact, they soon supplanted every rival 
 in the department of teaching. They seemed 
 to gain the instruction of the youth in every 
 European kingdom. They did for centuries 
 exactly that which they are now attempting 
 to do in the United States. They affected im- 
 mense learning. All others knew nothing. 
 They went in disguise into Protestant king- 
 doms and states. They set up schools ; or 
 gained the Academic chairs ; and the profes- 
 sional chair. They won over the youth to 
 their cause. Their female Jesuits pursued the 
 same course with the young and tender sex ; 
 and made vast numbers of converts to their 
 sect. And these Jesuit nuns did not waste 
 their energies and exhaust their pious emo- 
 tions in dungeon cells and the grated prisons, 
 which the want of due gallantry on the part 
 
14 HISTORICAL SKETCH 
 
 of laymen even among us, allow the aspiring 
 and licentious priests to build for women, 
 under their very eyes ! ! ! No, they were out 
 of door missionaries. They were known by 
 the name of " Sisters of Charity/' " Sisters of 
 the heart," and other sentimental and imposing 
 names. They were female soldiers invading 
 the sanctity of families ; " carrying captive 
 silly women laden with iniquity" and igno- 
 rance. They fought among females as did 
 their desperate male brothers among the males 
 in the community. 
 
 Forty-eight years after their organization, 
 that is, in 1608, they had increased to the 
 appalling number of nearly eleven thousand. 
 Before the English Revolution of 1688 they 
 had obtained the direction of the schools, 
 academies, colleges, and universities in all the 
 European catholic continent; and they Lad the 
 address to have their members installed con- 
 fessors to the Kings of Spain, Prance, Portugal, 
 Naples, Austria, Sicily, and the regal Duke of 
 Savoy, and every leading prince and noble in 
 these kingdoms. 
 
 But they had driven on so furiously in 
 Iheir wild, ambitious, and bloody career, that 
 innumerable enemies were raised up against 
 them. The Jansenists were their deadly ene- 
 
OF THE JESUITS. 15 
 
 miesin France. Pascal's "Provincial Letters," 
 written with inimitable good humor, and in 
 the most elegant style, attracted all scholars 
 and politicians to their dangerous morality, 
 their atrocious principles in politics ; and had 
 inflicted a blow on the Jesuits from which they 
 never recovered. Their disgrace took place 
 first in France. They were dissolved and abol- 
 ished in 1762 by the parliament of France. 
 And in this national act, the parliament as- 
 signed the following as the reasons of their 
 abolition: "the consequences of their doc- 
 trines destroy the law of nature : they break 
 all the bonds of civil society, by authorizing 
 theft, lying,- perjury, the utmost licentiousness, 
 murder^ criminal passions, and all 'manner of 
 sins. These doctrines, moreover, root out all 
 sentiments of humanity : they overthrow all 
 governments; excite rebellion; and uproot 
 the foundation and practice of religion. And 
 they substitute all sorts of superstitions, irre- 
 ligion, blasphemy, and idolatry." 
 
 Their overthrow in Spain was sudden and 
 complete. At midnight, March 31, 1767, a 
 strong -cordon of troops surrounded the six 
 colleges of Jesuits in Madrid ; seized the fa- 
 thers, and before morning had them conveyed 
 on the way to Carthagena. Three days after, 
 
16 HISTORICAL SKETCH 
 
 the same prompt measures were pursued to- 
 wards every other college in the kingdom. In 
 a word, kingdom after kingdom followed up 
 the same course of measures against these in- 
 tolerable enemies of God and of men ! They 
 have been banished either partially or entirely 
 no less than thirty-nine times from the differ- 
 ent kingdoms and states of Europe ! And in 
 ,1773, Pope -Garganell a Clement XIV. 
 abolished the order entirely, as a sect no longer 
 to be endured by man ! " It will cost rne my 
 life," said lie, "but I must abolish this dan- 
 
 few days after his Bull was published against 
 the Jesuits, a notice was placarded on his gate 
 intimating that "the See would soon be va- 
 cant by the death of the Pope." He died of 
 poison, within a few days of the time thus an- 
 nounced, by their agency. He observed on 
 his dying bed to those around him, u I am 
 going to eternity: and I know for what!" 
 Brewster's Encycl. vol. xi. 171./ 
 
 But, although they were thus dissolved and 
 abolished, they still kept up privately their or- 
 ganization. In the interim, from 1773 to 1801, 
 their general resided at Eome, publicly. In 
 1801 they were restored, for some political 
 reasons, by the Emperor Paul, in Russia. This 
 
OF THE JESUITS. 17 
 
 seems almost incredible. But this bad man 
 and infamous emperor needed the support of 
 the worst of all the Koman Catholic orders ! 
 In 1804 the King of Sardinia, for the same 
 reasons, restored them. In 1814, at the close 
 of the late war, Pope Pius -VII. who first 
 crowned the Emperor Napoleon, and then ven- 
 tured to excommunicate him, restored the or- 
 der of Jesuits to their full powers and preroga- 
 tives in all particulars, and called on all papal 
 princes in Europe, and the powers in South 
 America, and in all the establishments of po- 
 pery, "to afford them protection and encou- 
 ragement," as the pope's right arm, and the 
 superior and most successful instruments of 
 extending Catholicism, and pulling down all 
 heresies, r 
 
 In that papal bull, reviving this sect, the 
 Pope even in this enlightened day utters kis 
 visionary claims in a style befitting the Dark 
 Ages ! He affirms that " this, his act, is above 
 the recall, or revision of any judge, with w ha/ever 
 'power he may be clothed}' 1 He thus sets at defi- 
 ance all the powers of all civil governments 
 upon the earth. 
 
 This order being thus revived, and covered 
 with the shield of " the master of the kings of 
 the earth." is now in active operation ; and has 
 2* 
 
18 HISTORICAL SKETCH 
 
 been attended for the last twenty years with. 
 the most appalling success, in undermining 
 the liberties of mankind ; corrupting religion, 
 sowing dissentions in the churches ; and in aid- 
 ing the Holy Alliance, in throwing "a wall of 
 iron around their kingdoms to prevent the 
 entrance and dissemination of liberal senti- 
 ments." Their labors extend to every papal 
 and every Protestant kingdom and state in 
 Europe, and in South America, where they 
 are the main cause of all these national convul- 
 sions and bloodshed, in order to prevent and 
 put down all republicanism. They are also 
 most active in Great Britain and the United 
 States, which above all other nations they are 
 most anxious to win, and woo over to pa- 
 pism. 
 
 The revival of the order of Jesuits by Pope 
 Pius VII. in the face of the bull of another 
 equally infallible pope, who had condemned 
 them, and abrogated them, as a most pestife- 
 rous and infamous sect, exhibits a poor . speci- 
 men of papal unity and infallibility. And the 
 act of Pope Pius -VII. ought to have roused 
 the indignation of all the friends of humanity, 
 order and liberty in Europe and America. 
 The following are the sentiments of an able 
 writer (on this) in the London Christian Ob- 
 
OF THE JESUITS. 19 
 
 server, vol. xiv.* " What new witness has ap- 
 peared to testify on behalf of Jesuitism? 
 What adequate cause existed for- its revival 
 by a pope? " " If an instrument is wanted to 
 quench the flame of charity, and throw us back 
 in the career of ages, and sow the seeds of 
 everlasting divisions, and lay a train which is 
 to explode in the citadel of truth, and, if pos- 
 sible, overthrow her sacred towers, we venture 
 confidently to affirm that JESUITISM is that 
 very instrument." Until a proper reason be 
 assigned other than this, we must conclude with 
 our forefathers, with the kings, and queens, and 
 parliaments, and judges, and churches of Eu- 
 rope, ay ! and with the decisive bull of the in- 
 fallible Pope Gangenelli, Clement XIV. that 
 Jesuitism is a public nuisance, and that he who 
 endeavors, and dares to let it loose upon civil 
 society, is actually chargeable with high trea- 
 son against the common interests and happi- 
 ness of the human family." See Brewster's 
 Encycl. Article Jesuits, vol. xi. 172. 
 
 Let me now advert briefly to the history of 
 the following little book, which these state- 
 ments are designed to introduce to our readers. 
 
 The SECRET INSTRUCTIONS formed a cock 
 
 * Pp. 175, 176 
 
20 HISTORICAL SKETCH 
 
 to 
 
 of the laws of Jesuitism. They were not al- 
 lowed to be made known even to many mem- 
 bers of a certain class of Jesuits. They had 
 bold, daring, bad men to achieve desperate 
 deeds, and take off their enemies by steel or 
 bullet, or poisoned chalice. These knew some- 
 thing that others did not. They had also dis- 
 guised agents, men in mask. These Jesuits 
 knew something not imparted to others of the 
 same order. They had shrewd, crafty, cour- 
 teous, and most polished men, who courted 
 nobles, insinuated themselves into the favor of 
 princes, kings, and rich widows, and young 
 heirs and heiresses. These had their " IN- 
 STRUCTIONS " from their general. They had 
 fine scholars, decent, steady, serious, moral 
 men. These were not at all let into the secret 
 of CERTAIN INSTRUCTIONS. They were sent 
 out as traps to captivate the serious, the unsus- 
 pecting, the religious. These had it in charge 
 to give a captivating representation of their 
 Society of Jesus. These taught that they 
 mingled in no politics, sought no riches, kept 
 strictly their vow of poverty. Their sole ob- 
 ject, was by the help of heaven, to convert the 
 world, and put down Protestantism and all 
 herecies ! And in these details these classes 
 of this sect were honest. For they were not 
 
OF THE JESUITS. 21 
 
 . 
 
 initiated into " the Secret Instructions." And 
 hence they could, with an honest conscience, 
 deny, and even swear on the cross, that no such 
 Instructions were ever given, or ever received. 
 And the initiated Jesuits took special care to 
 push forward these decent, amiable, moral and 
 trustworthy men, to declare to the world that 
 no such rules, and no such maxims as these of 
 THE SECRET INSTRUCTIONS ever existed among 
 them. And from the high character of these 
 men, their testimony was of great weight with 
 kings, nobles, and even Protestants. 
 
 This throws light upon the mystery and 
 contradictory statements made by honest Jesu- 
 its and historians ; and by Protestants. The 
 profligate, the cunning, the daring, and all 
 similar classes in this motly sect, with their 
 general, and the host of his spies crawling like 
 the frogs, and flying like the locusts of Egypt, 
 all over the land, were fully initiated into the 
 secret of these "Instructions:" arid they acted 
 on them, every day. Hence the horrid marks 
 of their footsteps of pollution and blood ! ! ! 
 
 In fact, these " SECRET INSTRUCTIONS " were 
 not discovered fully to the Christian public 
 until some fifty years after the dissolution and 
 expulsion of the Society. But all ranks of 
 men, Papal and Protestant, who had studied 
 
22 HISTORICAL SKETCH 
 
 the Jesuit movements, intrigues and conspira- 
 cies, were intimately acquainted with their 
 practices. Hence, when the book of "SECRET 
 INSTRUCTIONS " was discovered, and publish- 
 ed, every body at once saw the evidence of its 
 authenticity. They had been long familiar 
 with their conspiracies, and practices. Here 
 was the exact platform, and model of all their 
 actings. Tkey who had felt and suffered under 
 their atrocious morals, and conspiracies against 
 the cause of God, and the rights of man, could 
 not possibly entertain a doubt of the authenti- 
 city of these RULES. They exactly correspond- 
 ed, as does the model on paper, formed by the 
 architect's hand, correspond with the finished 
 house ! It was in vain to deny these " RULES 
 and INSTRUCTIONS," when all the cunning craft 
 and deed, and atrocities, prescribed by these 
 Rules were blazoned in the memories of prin- 
 ces, nobles, ministers and people. Before they 
 could succeed therefore, in denying the "SE- 
 CRET INSTRUCTIONS," it behoved them to raze, 
 from national monuments, and national records, 
 and all the details of history, the deeds of atro- 
 city perpetrated by the Jesuit order in the old 
 and new world ! 
 
 The Jesuits had been repeatedly charged 
 with acting on SECRET RULES which no eye 
 
OF THE JESUITS. 23 
 
 was allowed to see, nor ear to hear. The Uni- 
 versity of Paris, so far back as 1624, charged 
 it on them "that they were governed by 'SE- 
 CRET LAWS,' " neither allowed by ki^lgs, nor 
 sanctioned by parliaments. And in the His- 
 tory of the Jesuits, vol. i. p. 326, &c. we find in 
 a letter from the Koman Catholic bishop of An- 
 gelopolis, the following: "The superiors of 
 the Jesuits do not govern them by the Rules of 
 the Church, but by certain ' SECRET INSTRUC- 
 TIONS AND RULES,' which are known only to 
 those superiors." See the edition of the Let- 
 ter, published at Cologne in 1666. 
 
 In the gradations of the order there were 
 some, as w.e have already noticed, who were 
 not let into the knowledge of their hidden 
 rules. But there were others who, though 
 admitted into these hidden rules, were not ini- 
 tiated into the most secret regulations. During 
 the civil prosecutions in France, brought against 
 the Jesuits by the French merchants to recover 
 from the Society the monies lost to them by 
 the Jesuits' mercantile missionaries in Marti- 
 nico, the fathers at the head of the Society 
 were constrained to bring their books into 
 court. This was a most unfortunate matter for 
 them. Their "CONSTITUTIONS" were now 
 made public. The nation became indignant at 
 
24 HISTORICAL SKETCH 
 
 the whole sect. The parliament issued tlieii 
 decree? dissolved them, and banished them 
 
 But this was not the worst. The content* 
 of this little volume, of which we present a ne\\ 
 edition to our readers, called " SECRETA MONI- 
 TA, THE SEQRET INSTRUCTIONS OF THE JE 
 SUITS," was not discovered until about fifty 
 years after this dissolution of the sect in France 
 These were said to be drawn up by Laignez, 
 and Ac[uaviva, the two immediate successors 
 of Loyola, the founder. 
 
 When these were first published, the Jesuits 
 were at first overwhelmed with fear. But they 
 immediately affected to be much offended thai 
 such rules should be ascribed to them. Thej 
 publicly denied them. This of course was ex- 
 pected. Every criminal pleads "not guilty.' 
 But their authenticity is not for a moment 
 doubted among all scholars, both Papal and 
 Protestant. 
 
 There is a work in the British Museum en- 
 titled " Formulce Provisionum diversarum a G. 
 Passarello, summo studio in unuin collectce," &c. 
 and printed at Venice in 1596. At the end oJ 
 this book "THE SECRET INSTRUCTIONS " are 
 found in Manuscript ; entered there no doubt 
 by some leading and fully initiated Jesuit foi 
 his own use. And at the close, there is ac 
 
OF THB JESUITS. 25 
 
 earnest " caution, and an injunction." The cau- 
 tion is that these "INSTRUCTIONS " be commu- 
 nicated with the utmost care only to a very few 
 and those the well tried. And the injunction 
 is characteristic. "Let them be denied to be 
 the Eules of the Society of Jesus, if ever they 
 shall be imputed to us." 
 
 The first copy of "THE SECRET INSTRUC- 
 TIONS " was discovered in the Jesuits 7 College 
 at Paderborn, Westphalia ; and a second copy 
 in the city of Prague. In the preface to these 
 is found the same injunction as that above: 
 " If these Eules fall into the hands of strangers, 
 they must be positively denied to be the Eules 
 of the Society."* 
 
 The discovery of the copy at Paderborn 
 was in this wise, as appears from the preface 
 to the English copy, published in 1658. When 
 Christian, the Duke of Brunswick, took Pader- 
 born, he seized upon the Jesuit College there, 
 and gave their library, together with all their 
 collections of manuscripts to the Capuchins.. In 
 examining these, they discovered "THE SE- 
 CRET INSTRUCTIONS " among the archives of 
 the Sector. And they being, as were also the 
 other monkish orders, no friends to the Jesuits, 
 brought them before the public. 
 
 * See Loodou Christian Observer, YO!, 14, p. 169, 
 
 8 
 
26 HISTORICAL SKETCH 
 
 Mr. McGavin, in the Glasgow Protestant,* 
 has given us this information of another copy. 
 "John Schipper, a bookseller of Amsterdam, 
 bought a copy of THE SECRET INSTRUCTIONS " 
 at Antwerp, among other books ; and after- 
 wards reprinted it. The Jesuits being inform- 
 ed that he had bought the book, demanded it 
 back from him. But he had sent it to Holland. 
 One of the Society, who lived in Amsterdam, 
 hearing it said by a Catholic bookseller named 
 Van Eyk, that Schipper was printing a book 
 which concerned the Jesuits, replied that if it 
 was only The Rules of the Society he would be 
 under no concern. Being told it was THE 
 SECRET INSTRUCTIONS OF THE SOCIETY, the 
 good father shrugged up his shoulders, and 
 knitting his brow, said, that "he saw.no remedy 
 but denying that this piece came from the So- 
 ciety.' 7 The reverend fathers, however, thought 
 it more advisable to purchase the whole edi- 
 tion ; which they soon afterwards did, some 
 few copies excepted. From one of these was it 
 afterwards re-printed, with the account prefix- 
 ed : which is said to be taken from two Eoman 
 Catholic men of credit." 
 
 In 1669 the venerable and learned Dr. 
 Compton, Bishop of London, published an Eng- 
 
 * Vol. ii. p. 227. Hartford edition. 
 
OF THE JESUITS. 27 
 
 lish translation of THE SECRET INSTRUCTIONS. 
 His arguments on their authenticity, and his 
 character as a scholar and divine, are a suffi- 
 cient guarantee that he would never have given 
 his name and influence to sustain a work of 
 dubious authority; or calculated to mislead 
 the public. 
 
 We have only to add that the last Ameri- 
 can edition, published at Princeton ; and this 
 one which we publish, are taken from that 
 translation which was published in London in 
 1723, and dedicated to Sir Eobert Walpole, 
 who was afterwards Lord Orford; and who 
 had the high honor of being prime minister of 
 George I. and of George II. 
 
 W. C. B. 
 
PR^EFATIO. 
 
 Privata haec monlta custodiant diligenter et 
 penes se servent superiores, paucisque ex professis 
 ea tantum communicent, et aliqua de iis instruant 
 non professes, quando nimirum et quanto cum 
 fructu societati usui sit ; illaque non nisi sub sigillo 
 silentii ne quidem ut scripta ab altero, sed ex pe- 
 culiari experientia desumpta: et quia multi ex pro- 
 fessis horum secretorum sunt conscii, ideo vel ab 
 initio cavit societas, ne ullus conscius horum posset 
 ad alias religiones se conferre, excepta carthusiano- 
 rum, ob perpetuam vitse abstractionem, et inde- 
 lebile silentium ; quod etiam Sacra Sedes con- 
 firmavit. 
 
 Cavendum omnino ne in manus externorum 
 haoc monita deveniant, quia sinistre interpretaren- 
 
PREFACE. 
 
 These Private Instructions must be careful- 
 ly retained and kept by the superiors in their own 
 hands, and by them be communicated only to a 
 few of the professors ; and when it shall be judged 
 for the benefit of the Society to divulge some of them 
 to such as are non-professors ; but even these must 
 be done under the strictest ties of secrecy, and not 
 as rules committed to writing by others, but as 
 deduced from the experience of him that dictates. 
 And since many of the professors must necessarily 
 from hence be acquainted with these private ad- 
 vices, the Society has, therefore, from their first 
 establishment, taken care that no one who is in 
 the secret can betake himself to any other order 
 but that of the Carthusians ; and this, from the strict 
 retirement in which they live, and the inviolable 
 silence they are compelled to ; which the holy see 
 has been pleased to confirm. 
 
 The greatest care imaginable must be also 
 taken that these instructions do not fall into 
 
30 PR^EFATIO. 
 
 tur, destinationi nostrae invidentes ; quod si hoo 
 accidat (quod absit !), negentur haec esse sensa so- 
 cietatis, idque per illos confirmando e nostris, de 
 quibus certo constat, quod ea ignorent; opponantur 
 his monitaque nostra generalia, et ordinationes seu 
 regulse impressse vel scrip tae. 
 
 Superiores etiam semper sollicite et caute in- 
 quirant, an alicui externo, a nostris haec monita 
 prodita sint ; nullus etiam haec pro se, aut pro 
 alio transcribet aut transcribi permittet, nisi conscio 
 Generali vel Provinciali ; et si de asservandis tan- 
 tis secretis societatis de aliquo dubitetur, in con- 
 trarium illi impute tur, et dimittatur. 
 
PREFACE. 31 
 
 the hands of strangers, for fear, out of envy to 
 our order, they should give them a sinister in- 
 terpretation; but if this, (which God forbid !) should 
 happen, let it be positively denied that these are 
 the principles of the Society, and such denial be 
 confirmed by those of our members who we are 
 sure know nothing of them ; by this means, and by 
 confronting these with our Public Instructions, print- 
 ed or written, our credibility will be established be- 
 yond opposition. 
 
 Let the superiors also carefully and warily in- 
 quire whether discovery has been made of these In- 
 structions by any of our members to strangers; and 
 let none transcribe, or suffer them to be transcribed 
 either for himself or others, without the consent of 
 the general or provincial. And if any one be suspect- 
 ed of incapacity to keep such important secrets, ac- 
 quaint him not of your suspicion, but dismiss him. 
 
SECEETA MONITA 
 
 SOCIETATIS JESU. 
 
 CAPUT I. 
 
 Qualem societas prcestare sese deleat^ cum incipit de 
 novo alicujus loci fundationem. 
 
 1. Ut se gratam reddat incolis loci, multum 
 conducet explicatio finis societatis praescripti in re- 
 gulls, ubi dicitur societatem summo conatu in sa- 
 lutem proximi incumbere, aeque atque in suam. 
 Quare huinilia obsequia obeunda in Xenodochiis, 
 pauperes et afflicti, et incarcerati invisendi, con- 
 fessiones prorapte et generatim excipiendse, ut in- 
 solita in omnes charitatese, et rei novitate eminen- 
 tiores incolse nostros admirentur et ament. 
 
 2. Meminerint omnes facultatem ad exercenda 
 
THE 
 
 SECEET INSTRUCTIONS 
 
 OF 
 
 THE JESUITS, 
 
 CHAPTER I, 
 
 How the Society must behave themselves when they 
 begin any new foundation. 
 
 I. It will be of great importance for the render- 
 ing our members agreeable to the inhabitants of the 
 place where they design their settlement, to set forth 
 the end of the Society in the manner prescribed by 
 our statutes, which lay down, that the society ought 
 as diligently to seek occasions of doing good to their 
 neighbors as to themselves ; wherefore^ let them 
 with humility discharge the meanest offices in the 
 hospitals j frequently visit the sick, the poor, and the 
 prisoners, and readily and indifferently take the con- 
 fessions of all, that the novelty of such uncommon 
 and diffusive charity may excite in the principal in- 
 habitants an admiration of our conduct, and forcibly 
 draw them into an affection for us. 
 
 II. Let it be remembered by all, that the privi- 
 
Ol 8ECRET INSTRUCTIONS 
 
 societatis ministeria modeste ac religiose peten- 
 dam ; et omnes turn ecclesiasticos prsesertim turn 
 sseculares quorum auctoritate indigemus, benevolos 
 sibi facere studeant. 
 
 3. Ad ]oca distantia etiam eundum, ubi elemo 
 synje, quantumvis parvse recipiendae, exposita ne- 
 cessitate nostrorum ; eadem deinde dandse aliis 
 pauperibus, ut sic sedificentur ii, qui nondum socie- 
 tateni noverunt, et sint in nos tanto liberiores. 
 
 4. Omnes eimdem videantur spirare spiritum, 
 ideoque eumdem modum exteriorem addiscant, ut 
 uniformitas in tant& diversitate personarum unum- 
 quemque sedificet, qui secus fecerint, tanquam no- 
 cui, dimittantur. 
 
 5. Caveant nostri emere fundos in initio ; sed 
 si quos emerint nobis bene sitos, fiat hoc mutato 
 nomine aliquorum amicorum fidelium et secreto- 
 rum ; et ut melius luceat paupertas nostra, bona 
 quee sunt vicina locis, in quibus collegia habeamus, 
 per provincialem assignentur collegiis remotis, quo 
 fiet ut nunquam principes vel magistratus habeant 
 certam notitiam redituum societatis. 
 
OF THE JESUITS. 35 
 
 lege to exercise the ministry of this Society, must 
 be requested in a modest and religious manner, and 
 that they must use their best endeavors to gain 
 chiefly the favor of such ecclesiastics and secular 
 persons of whose authority they may stand in need. 
 
 III. Let them also remember to visit distant 
 places, where, having demonstrated the necessities 
 of the Society, they shall readily receive the most 
 inconsiderable alms, which afterwards being bestow- 
 ed on other objects, may edify those which are as 
 yet unacquainted with our Society, and stir them up 
 to a greater liberality to us. 
 
 IV. Let all seem as though they breathed the 
 same spirit, and consequently learn the same exterior 
 behavior, that by such an uniformity in so great a 
 diversity of men. all may be edified. But if any 
 obstinately persist in a contrary deportment, let 
 them be immediately dismissed, as dangerous per- 
 sons, and hurtful to the Society. 
 
 V. At their first settlement, let our members be 
 cautious of purchasing lands ; but if they happen to 
 buy such as are well situated, let this be done in 
 the name of some faithful and trusty friend. And 
 that our poverty may have the more colorable gloss 
 of reality, let the purchases, adjacent to the places 
 wherein our colleges are founded, be assigned by the 
 provincial to colleges at a distance ; by which means 
 it will be impossible that princes and magistrates 
 
36 SECRET INSTRUCTIONS 
 
 6. Non divertant nostri cum intentione resi- 
 dendi per moduin collegii nisi ad urbes opulentas ; 
 finis enim societatis est imitare Christum salvato- 
 rern nostrum, qui Hierosolymis maxime moraba- 
 tur, alia autem loca minus prsecipua tantum per- 
 transibat. 
 
 7. Summum pretium a viduis semper extor- 
 quendum, inculcata illis summa nostra necessitate. 
 
 8. In unaquaque provincia, nemo nisi provin- 
 cialis noverit prascise valorem redituum. Sacrum 
 autem esto quantum corbona romana contineat. 
 
 9. Concionentur nostri, et ubique in colloquiis 
 propalent, se adpuerorum instructionem et populi 
 subsidium venisse, ac omnia gratis, et sine perso- 
 narum acceptione prasstare, nee esse in gravamen 
 communitatis, ut cseteri ordines religiosi. 
 
OF THE JESUITS. 3? 
 
 can ever attain to a certain knowledge what the re- 
 venues of the Society amount to. 
 
 VI. Let no places be pitched upon by any of 
 our members for founding a college but opulent ci- 
 ties ; the end of the Society being the imitation of 
 our blessed Saviour, who made his principal resi 
 dence in the metropolis of Judea, and only tran- 
 siently visited the less remarkable places. 
 
 VII. Let the greatest sums be always extorted 
 from widows, by frequent remonstrances of our ex- 
 treme necessities. 
 
 Vin. In every province, let none but the prin- 
 cipal be fully apprised of the real value of our reve- 
 nues ; and let what is contained in the treasury of 
 Rome be always kept as an inviolable secret. 
 
 IX. Let it be publicly demonstrated, and every- / 
 where declared by our members in their private \ 
 conversation, that the only end of their coming there f 
 was for the instruction of youth, and the good and 
 welfare of the inhabitants ; that they do all this with- 
 out the least view of reward, or respect of persons, 
 and that they are not an incumbrance upon the 
 people, as other religious societies are. 
 
88 SECRET INSTRUCTIONS 
 
 CAPUT II. 
 
 principum, magnatum et primariorum 
 
 % 
 PP. societatis familiar itatem acquirent et conser*- 
 
 vabunt. 
 
 1. Conatus omnis ad hoc in primis adhibendus, 
 at principum et primariorum ubique locorum 
 aures et animos obtineainus ne sit qui in nos au- 
 deat insurgere, quinimo omnes cogantur a nobis 
 dependere. 
 
 2. Cum autem experientia doceat principes et 
 magnates turn prsesertim affici personis ecclesiasti 
 cis, quando odiosa eorum facta dissimulant, sed in 
 meliorem potius partem ea interpretantur, ut vi- 
 dere est in matrimoniis contrahendis cum affinibus, 
 aut consanguineis aut similibus, animandi sunt qui 
 base aut similia affectant, spe facta per nostros 
 istiusmodi dispensationes facile a summo Pontifice 
 irnpetrandi, quod faciet si explicentur rationes, 
 proferantur exempla, et reel ten tur sententise favo- 
 rabiles titulo communis boni, et majoris gloriae 
 Dei, quss est scopus societatis. 
 
OF THE JESUITS. 39 
 
 CHAPTER II. 
 
 In what manner the Society must deport, that they 
 may work themselves into, and after that preserve 
 a familiarity with princes, noblemen, and persons 
 of the greatest distinction. 
 
 I. Princes, and persons of distinction every 
 where, must by all means be so managed that we 
 may have their ear, and that will easily secure their 
 hearts : by which way of proceeding, all persons will 
 become our creatures, and no one will dare to give 
 the Society the least disquiet or opposition. 
 
 II. That ecclesiastical persons gain a great foot- 
 ing in the favor of princes and noblemen, by wink- 
 ing at their vices, and putting a favorable construc- 
 tion on whatever they do amiss, experience con- 
 vinces ; and this we may observe in their contract- 
 ing of marriages with their near relations and kin- 
 dred, or the like. It must be our business to en- 
 courage such, whose inclination lies this way, by 
 leading them up in hopes, that through our assis- 
 tance they may easily obtain a dispensation from 
 the Pope ; and no doubt he will readily grant it, if 
 proper reason be urged, parallel cases produced, 
 and opinions quoted which countenance such actions, 
 when the common good of mankind, and the greater 
 advancement of God's glory, which are the only end 
 and design of the society, are pretended to be the 
 sole motives to them*, . 
 
40 SECRET INSTRUCTIONS 
 
 3. Idem faciendum si princeps aggreditur all- 
 quid faciendum non eeque magnatibus omnibus 
 gratum. Permovendus, nempe, animus ei, et in- 
 stigandus, caeterorum vero animi commovendi ad 
 hoc ut principi sese accomodent, neque contradi- 
 cant ; in genere tamen tan turn, nee un<pam ad 
 particularia descendendo, ne societati imputetur, 
 si male negotium successerit ; et si quidem hoc 
 aliquando factum reprobetur, recitentur monita 
 contraria hsec plane prohibentia, et adhibeatur 
 auctoritas aliquorum patrum, de quibus constat 
 quod hsec ipsa monita illos lateant, qui etiam cum 
 juramento asserere poterunt societatum, quoad hcec 
 quse illi improperantur, calumniam pati. 
 
 4. Juvabit etiam non parum ad occupandos 
 principum animos, si, nostri dextre et per tertias 
 personas insinuent se ad legationes honorificas et 
 favorabiles ad alios principes aut reges pro ill is 
 obeundas, prsesertim apud pontificem et supremos 
 monarchas ; hac enim occasions sese et societatem 
 commendare poterunt, quare non nisi zelosi valde 
 et versati in institute nostro eo erunt destinandi. 
 
 5. Alumni principum et domestic! prsscipue. 
 
OF THE JESUITS. 41 
 
 III. The same must be observed when the prince 
 happens to engage in any enterprise which is not 
 equally approved by all his nobility ; for in such 
 cases he must be edged on and excited ; whilst 
 they, on the other hand, must be dissuaded from 
 opposing him, and advised to acquiesce in all his 
 proposals. But this must be done only in generals, 
 always avoiding particulars ; lest, upon the ill sue- 
 cess of the affair, the miscarriage be thrown upon 
 the Society. And should ever the action be called 
 in question, care must be taken to have instructions 
 always ready, plainly forbidding it; and these also 
 must be backed with the authority of some senior 
 members, who being wholly ignorant of the matter, 
 must attest, upon oath, that such groundless insinua- 
 tions are a malicious and base imputation on the 
 Society. 
 
 IV. It will also very much further us in gaining 
 the favor of princes, if our members artfully worm 
 themselves, by the interest of others, into honorable ; 
 embassies to foreign courts in their behalf; but es- \ 
 pecially to the Pope and great monarchs ; for by " 
 such opportunities they will be in a capacity both 
 to recommend themselves and their society. To 
 this end therefore let none but thorough zealots for 
 our interest, and persons well versed in the schemes 
 and institution of the Society, be ever pitched upon 
 for such purposes. 
 
 V. Above all.^iue care must be taken to curry ^ 
 
 4* 
 
42 SECRET INSTRUCTIONS 
 
 quibus familiariter utuntur, per munuscula prsecipue 
 et varia pietatis officia vincendi sunt, ut tandem 
 nostros fideJiter de humoribus et inclinationibus 
 principum ac magnatum instruant; et sic facile 
 illis societas sese accomodabit. 
 
 6. Experientia etiam docuit in domo austri&, 
 aliisque regnis Gallias, Polonise, etc., cseterisque 
 ducatibus, quantum societas sese juverit tractandis 
 matrimoniis inter principes. Quare prudenter pro- 
 ponantur exquisiti conjuges, qui cum parentibus vel 
 amicis nos-trorum sunt amici vel familiares. 
 
 7. Feminae principes per domesticas, potissi- 
 mum quas a cubiculis sunt, facillime vincentur; 
 quare illas omnibus modis foveantur, sic enirn ad 
 o'mnia, etiam secretissima, in familia aditus patebit. 
 
 8. In conscientiis magnatum regendis sequentur 
 nostri confessorii, sententiam illorum auctorum qui 
 liberiorem conscientiam faciunt contra opinionem 
 aliorum religiosorum, ut, relictis illis, a nostra di- 
 rectione et consiliis toti velint dependere. 
 
 9. Tarn principes quarn pralati aliique omnes 
 oui societati favorem extraordinarium prsostare 
 
OF THE JESUITS. 43 
 
 favor with the minions and domestics of princes and 
 noblemen ; whom by small presents, and many 
 offices of piety, we may so far byass, (bias,) as by 
 means of them to get a faithful intelligence of the 
 bent of their master's humors and inclinations; thus 
 will the Society be better qualified to chime in with 
 their tempers. 
 
 VL How much the Society has benefited from 
 their engagements in marriage treaties, the house of 
 Austria and Bourbon ; Poland and other kingdoms, 
 are experimental evidences. Wherefore let such 
 matches be with prudence picked out, whose parents 
 are our friends, and firmly attached to our interests. 
 
 VII. Princesses and ladies of quality are easily 
 to be gained by the influence of the woman of their 
 bed-chamber; for which reason we must by all 
 means pay particular address to these, for thereby 
 there will be no secrets in the family but what we 
 shall have fully disclosed to us. 
 
 VIII. In directing the consciences of great men, 
 it must be observed that our confessors are to fol- 
 low the opinion of those who allow the greater lati- 
 tude, in opposition to that of other religious orders; 
 that, their penitents being allured with the prospect 
 of such freedom, may readily relinquish them, and 
 wholly depend upon our direction and counsel. 
 
 IX. Princes, prelates, and all others who are 
 capable of being signally serviceable to the order 
 
44 SECRET INSTRUCTIONS 
 
 possunt, parfcicipes faciendi sunt omnium merito- 
 rum societatis, exposito illis momento hujus summi 
 privilegii. 
 
 10. Insinuandse etiam caute et prud enter facul- 
 tates amplissimse societatis absolvendi etiam a casi- 
 bus reservatis respectu aliorum pastorum' aut 
 religiosorum. item dispensandi in jejuniis, debito 
 reddendo, aut petendo, matrimonii impedimentis, 
 aliisque not is, in quo fiet ut plurimi ad nos recur- 
 rant et obstringantur. 
 
 11. Invitandi ad conciones, sodalitates, oratio- 
 nes, actiones, declamationes, etc., in quibus carmi- 
 nibus, inscriptis thesibus honorandi, turn, si expedit, 
 in trie! inio mensa, excipiendi, variisque et dictis 
 salutandi. 
 
 12. Inimicitiae et dessentiones inter magnates 
 ad nos distrahendce erunt ut componantur, sic enim 
 in notitiam familiarium et secretorum paulatim 
 poterimus devenire, et alterutram partem nobis 
 devincere. 
 
 13. Quod si moharchoe vel principi serviat 
 aliquis societati parum addictus/ invigilaudum ut 
 
OF THE JESUITS. 45 
 
 must be favored so far as to be made partakers of 
 all the merits of the Society, after a proper in for- 
 niation of the high importance of so great a privilege. 
 
 X. Let these notions be cautiously and with 
 cunning instilled into the people, that this Society 
 is entrusted with a far greater power of absolving, 
 even in the nicest cases; of dispensing with fasts; 
 with paying and demanding of debts; with impedi- 
 ments of matrimony, and other common matters, 
 than any other religious- order: which insinuations 
 will be of such consequence, that many of necessity 
 must have recourse to us, and thereby lay them- 
 selves under the strictest obligations. 
 
 XL It will be very proper. to give invitations to 
 such to attend our sermons and fellowships, to hear 
 our orations and declamations, as also to compli- 
 ment them with verses and theses ; to address them 
 in a genteel and complaisant manner, and at proper 
 opportunities to give them handsome entertainments. 
 
 XII. Let proper methods be used to get know- 
 ledge of the animosities that arise among great 
 men, that we may have a finger in reconciling their 
 differences; for by this means we shall gradually 
 become acquainted with their friends and secret af- 
 fairs, and of necessity engage one of the parties in 
 our interests. 
 
 XIII. But should discovery happen to be made, 
 that any person serves either king or prince, who is 
 
46 SECRET INSTRUCTIONS 
 
 sive per nostros, sive potius per alios ille in ami- 
 citiam ac familiaritatem societatis inducatur, pro- 
 missis favoribus ac promotion i bus per principem 
 aut monarcham suum procurandis. 
 
 14. Caveant omnes quacunque ratione dimissos 
 a societate, et prseserthn illos qui sua sponte ab ea 
 d \sced ere voluerunt, apud quemquam commendare, 
 aut promovere; quia quantumcunque illi dissimu- 
 lent, semper tamen irreconciliabile odium adversua 
 socle tatem gerunt. 
 
 15. Denique ita omnes solliciti sint, principes, 
 magnates, et magistratus cuj usque loci conciliare, 
 ut etiani contra consanguineos, et affines, et amicos 
 cuos, pro illis, quando occasio sese obtulerit, strenuo 
 fideliterque agant. 
 
OF THE JESUITS. 47 
 
 not well-affected towards our Society, no stone must 
 be left unturned by our members, or which is more 
 proper, some other, to induce him by promises, fa- 
 vors and preferments, which must be procured for 
 him under his king or prince, to entertain a friend- 
 ship for and familiarity with us. 
 
 XIV. Let all be very cautious of recommend- 
 ing or prefering such as have been any way dis, 
 missed from the Socisty, but especially those who 
 of their own accord have departed from it ; for let 
 them disguise it ever so cunningly, nevertheless 
 they always retain an implacable, hatred against 
 our order. 
 
 XV. Finally, Let all with such artfulness gain 
 the ascendant over princes, noblemen, and the ma- 
 gistrates of every place, that they may be ready at 
 our beck, even- to sacrifice their nearest relations 
 and most intimate friends, when we say it is for oui 
 interest and advantage. 
 
 
48 SECRET INSTRUCTIONS 
 
 CAPUT III. 
 
 Quomodo agendum societati cum illis gui mognce 
 sunt auctoritatis in republica, et guamvis divites 
 non sint, aliis tamen modis juvare possunt. 
 
 1. P raster, supradicta, quse fere omnia propor- 
 tionaliter illis applicari possunt, curanda est gratia 
 illorum ad versus adversarios nostros. 
 
 2. Utendum etiam auctoritate, prudentia, et 
 consilio eorum, ad contemptionem bonorum et 
 acquisitionem variorum munerum a societate ob- 
 eundorum ; adhibito etiam tacite et plene secreto 
 illorum nomine, in augmentatione bonorum tempo- 
 ralium, si satis illis putetur confidendum. 
 
 3. Adhibendi etiam ut mitigent et compescant 
 homines viliores, et plebem societati nostrse con- 
 trariam. 
 
 4. Ab episcopis, prselatis et aliis superioribus 
 ecclesiasticis, pro diversitate rationnm et propen- 
 sione in nos ea exigenda quss fuerinfc opportuna. 
 
OF THE JESUITS. 49 
 
 CHAPTER III. 
 
 How the Society must behave themselves towards those 
 who are at the helm of affairs, and others who, 
 although they be not rich, are notwithstanding in 
 a capacity of being otherwise serviceable. 
 
 [. All that has been before mentioned, may, in 
 a great measure, be applied to these ; and we must 
 also be industrious to procure their favor against 
 every one that opposes us. 
 
 II. Their authority and wisdom must be court- 
 ed, for obtaining several offices to be discharged by 
 us; we must also make a handle of their advice 
 with respect to the contempt of riches ; though at the 
 same time, if their secrecy and faith may be depend- 
 ed on, we may privately make use of their names 
 in amassing temporal goods for the benefit of the 
 Society. 
 
 III. They must be also employed in calming the 
 minds of the meaner sort of people, and in wheed- 
 ling the aversions of the populace into an affection 
 for our Society. 
 
 IV. As to bishops, prelates, and other supe 
 rior ecclesiastics, they must be importuned for such 
 things only as shall appear necessary ; and even for 
 these, with a proper regard to the diversity of our 
 occasions, and the tendency of their inclinations to 
 serve us. 
 
 5 
 
50 SECRET INSTRUCTIONS 
 
 5. In quibusdam partibus satis erit, si procure- 
 tur ut prselati et parochi efficiant quod subditi illo- 
 rum societatem revereantur, et ipsi ministeria no- 
 stra non irnpediant, in aliis locis ubi plus possunt, 
 ut in Germania, Polonia, etc. sacrosancte colendi, 
 ut auctoritate illorum et principum, monasteria, 
 parochias, proepositurse, patronatus, altarium funda- 
 tiones, loca pia fundata ad nos divelli possint; 
 facillime enim ea assequi poterimus in locis ubi 
 catholici haereticis et schismaticis permixti sunt. 
 Demonstrandum ejusmodi prselatis, immensum 
 fructum et meritum ex talibus mutationibus oriun- 
 dum, a sacerdotibus, sgecularibus, et monachis non 
 expectandum ; quod si fecerint, laudandus pal am 
 illorum zelus, etiam scripto, inculcandaque memoria 
 facti perpetua. 
 
 6. Conandum eo fine ut prmlati tales nostris 
 turn a confessionibus, turn a consiliis utantur et si 
 quidem in spe sint, aut prsetentione, ad alteriores 
 gradus in curia romana, juvandi omni contentione", 
 ac conatu amicorum, ubicunque ad hoc conferre 
 valentium. 
 
OF THE JESUITS. 51 
 
 V. In some places it will be sufficient if we can 
 prevail with the prelates and curates, to cause those 
 under them only. to bear a reverence to our order, 
 and that they themselves will be no hindrance to us 
 in the discharge of our ministry. In others, where 
 the clergy -are more predominant, as in Germany, 
 Poland, &c. They must be addressed with the pro- 
 foundest respect, that by their and the prince's an 
 thority, monasteries, parishes, priories, patronages, 
 foundations of masses, and religious places, may be 
 drawn into our clutches ; and this is no hard matter 
 to be o btained in those places where catholics are in- 
 termixed with heretics and schismatics. And for 
 the better effecting of this, it will be of great impor- 
 tance to remonstrate to these prelates the prodigious 
 advantage and merit there will be in changes of this 
 sort, which can hardly be expected from priests, se- 
 culars, and monks. But should they be prevailed 
 upon, their zeal must then be rewarded with public 
 commendations, and the memory of the action trans 
 mitted in writing to the latest posterity. 
 
 VI. In prosecution of the same end, we must 
 engage such prelates to make use of us both for con- 
 fessors and counsellors ; and if they at any time aim 
 at higher preferment from the see of Rome, their 
 pretensions must be backed with such strong inte- 
 rest of our friends in every place, as we shall be al- 
 most sure not to meet with a disappointment. 
 
52 SECRET INSTRUCTIONS 
 
 7. Curent etiam nostri apud episcopos et prin 
 cipes, ut dum. fundant collegia acecclesias parochia 
 les, societas habeat potestatem statuendi vicarium 
 habentem curam animarum, ipse vero superior loci 
 pro teinpore existens si parochus, et sic totum regi 
 men ecclesiae illius erit nostrum, et paroehiani 
 omnes societati plene erunt subjecti, ut quidvis ab 
 illis impetretur. 
 
 8. Ubi academici sunt nobis repugnantes, vel 
 Catholic!, aut haeretici cives fundationes impedien- 
 tes, ibi per praelatos conandum et primaries cathe- 
 drae concionatoriae occupentur ; sic enim continget 
 societatem aliquando saltern necesitates ac rationes 
 per occasionem saltern exposituram. 
 
 9. Maxime vero praslati ecclesias, devinciendi 
 erunt, quando agetur de beatificatione aut canoni- 
 zatione nostrorum, et tune omnibus modis a iriagna- 
 tibus et principibus Iittera3 procurandas erunt, in 
 quibus apud sedem apostolicam negotium promo- 
 veatur. 
 
 10. Si contingat praelatos aut magnates legatio- 
 nem obire, cavendum sedulo ac prasveniendum ne 
 aliis religiosis qui nobiscum certant, utantur ; ne 
 
OF THE JESUITS. 53 
 
 VII. Due care must be also taken by such of 
 our members who have intercourse with bishops 
 and princes, that the society, when these found either 
 colleges, or parochial churches, may always have the 
 power of presenting vicars for the cure of souls ; 
 and that the superintendent of the place for the time 
 being be appointed curate, to the end we may grasp 
 the whole government of the church ; and its parish- 
 ioners by that means become such vassals to us, that 
 we can ask nothing of them that they will dare to 
 deny us. 
 
 VIII. Wherever the governors of academies 
 hamper our design, or the catholics or heretics op- 
 pose us in our foundations, we must endeavor by the 
 prelates to secure the principal pulpits ; for by this 
 means the society at least may some time or other 
 have an opportunity of remonstrating their wants, 
 and laying open their necessities. 
 
 IX. The prelates of the church, above all others, 
 must be mightily caressed when the affair of canon- 
 ization of any of our members is upon the foot ; and 
 at such & time, letters by all means must be pro- 
 cured from princes and noblemen, by whose inte- 
 rest the matter may be promoted at the court of 
 Rome. 
 
 X. If ever it happen that prelates or noblemen 
 are employed in embassies, all caution must be tak- 
 en to prevent them from using any religious or- 
 
 5* 
 
54 SECRET INSTRUCTIONS 
 
 aftectum in illos transferant, et in provincias ac 
 civitates in quibus nos moramur, inducant. Quod 
 si hujusmodi legati transiverint illas provincias vel 
 civitates, ubi societas collegia habet, excipiantur 
 rnagno honore et affectu et pro modestia religiosa 
 tractentur. 
 
 CAPUT IV. 
 
 Qua commendata esse debeant concionatoribus et 
 confessariis magnet turn. 
 
 1 . Nostri, principes virosque illustres ita diri- 
 gant, ut solum ad majorem Dei gloriam tendere 
 videantur et ad talem austeritatem conscientiae, 
 quam ipsimet principes concedunt; neque enim 
 statim sed sensim spectare debet directio illorum 
 externam et politicam gubernationem. 
 
 2. Ideo saepe illis inculcandum distributionem 
 honorum et dignitatum in republiia spectare ad 
 justitiam, graviterque Deum ofFendi a principibus, 
 si contra earn spectant, et ex passione procedunt. 
 Protestentur ssepe ac serio se nullo modo velle iu 
 
OF THE JESUITS. 55 
 
 der that oppose ours, lest their disaffection to us 
 should be infused into their masters, and they pro- 
 pagate it among the provinces and cities where we 
 reside. And if ever ambassadors of this kind pass 
 through provinces or cities where we have colleges, 
 let them be received with all due marks of honor 
 and esteem, and as handsomely entertained as re- 
 ligious decency can possibly admit of. 
 
 CHAPTER. IV. 
 
 The chief things to be recommended to preachers 
 and confessors of noblemen. 
 
 I. Let the members of our Society direct princes 
 and great men in such a manner that they may 
 seem to have nothing else in view but the promo- 
 tion of God's glory ^ and advise them to no other 
 austerity of conscience but what they themselves 
 are willing to comply with ; for their- aim must 
 not. immediately, but by degrees and insensibly, be 
 directed towards political and secular dominion. 
 
 II. We must therefore often inculcate into them, 
 that honors and preferments in the state should al- 
 ways be conferred according to the rules of justice ; 
 that God is very much offended at princes, when 
 they any ways derogate from this principle and are 
 hurried away by the impulse of their passions. In 
 
56 SECRET INSTRUCTIONS 
 
 * 
 
 reipublicse administrationem ingerere, sed invitos 
 dicere, ratione officii sui. Turn ubi semel bene 
 hsec apprehenderint, explicetur quibus virtu tibus 
 prsediti esse debeant qui ad dignitates et munia 
 publica ac primaria assumendi sunt, vsominenturque 
 tandem, et cornmendentur ab ill is qui sunt sinceri 
 amici societatis. Hoc tamen non fiet immediate 
 per nostros, nisi princeps ad hoc coegerit, sed plus 
 gratiae habebit, si interponantur amici vel familia- 
 res principis. 
 
 3. Quo circa eonfessarii et concionatores nostri 
 informentur ab amicis nostris, qui pro quovis mu- 
 nere sunt apti, prassertim tales qui erga societatem 
 liberales sunt, horum nomina apud se habeant, et 
 suo tempoi*e cum dexteritate, sive per se, sive per 
 alios, principibus insinuent. 
 
 4. Meminerint summopere eonfessarii et con 
 cionatores, principes suaviter et blande tractare, 
 nullo modo in concinionibus et privatis colloquiis 
 perstringere, omnes pavores ab illis removere, et 
 ia ipsa fide, justitia politica potissimum adhortari. 
 
OF THE JESUITS. 67 
 
 the next place, our members must with gravity 
 protest, and in a solemn manner affirm, that the 
 administration of public affairs is what they with 
 reluctance interfere in ; and that the duty of their 
 office obliges them often to speak such truths as they 
 would otherwise omit. When this point is once gain- 
 ed, care must be taken to lay before them the several 
 virtues persons should be furnished with who are 
 to be admitted into public employs : not forget- 
 ting slyly to recommend to them such as are sin- 
 cere friends to our order : but this must be done 
 in such a manner as not immediately to come from 
 us, (unless the princes enjoin it,) for it may be ef- 
 fected with a far better grace by such as are their 
 favorites and familiars. 
 
 III. Wherefore let the confessors and preachers 
 belonging to our order be informed by our friends 
 of persons proper for every office, and above all, 
 of such as are our benefactors ; and whose names 
 let them carefully keep by them, that when proper 
 opportunities occur, they may be palmed upon the 
 prince by the dexterity of our members or their 
 agents. 
 
 IV. Let the confessors and preachers always 
 remember, with complaisance and a winning address, 
 to sooth princes, and never give them the least of- 
 fence in their sermons or private conversations ; to 
 dispossess their minds of all imaginary doubts and 
 
58 'SECRET INSTRUCTIONS 
 
 5. Munuscula parva yix unquam pro private 
 usu acceptant, sed commendent necessitatem com 
 munem provincie aut collegii domi cubiculo. Sim- 
 pliciter instrticto gaud can t, neque curlose minis so 
 vestiant, et ad abjectiores person as, quse in palatio 
 stmt, juvandas ac consoJandas prompte se conferant, 
 ne solis magnatibus prsesto esse videantur. 
 
 6. Quamprimum post mortem omcialium curent 
 ut de substituendis amicis societatis mature agant, 
 et suspicione se eximant extorti regiminis ; quare 
 etiam, uti supradictum est, immediate se non im- 
 pendent, sed amicos fideles, ac .potentes, qui susti- 
 nere invidiam possunt, si quaeoriatur. 
 
OF THE JESUITS. 59 
 
 fears, and exhort them principally to faith, hope and 
 political justice. 
 
 V. Let them seldom or never accept of small 
 presents for their own private use, but rather re- 
 commend the common necessities of the province 
 or college. At home, let chambers plainly fur- 
 nished content them ; and let them not appear in 
 showy dresses, but be ready at every turn to ad- 
 minister their ghostly advice to the meanest person 
 about the palace, lest they give others occasion to 
 believe, they are willing to be helpful to none but 
 the great. 
 
 VI. Immediately upon the death of any person of 
 post, let them take timely care to get some friend of 
 our Society preferred in his room ; but this must 
 be cloaked with such cunning and management as 
 to avoid giving the least suspicion of our intending 
 to usurp the prince's authority ; for this reason (as 
 has been already said) we ourselves must not ap- 
 pear in it, but make a handle of the artifice of some 
 faithful friends for effecting our designs, whose pow- 
 er may screen them from the envy which might 
 otherwise fall heavier upon the Society. 
 
60 SECRET INSTRUCTIONS 
 
 CAPUT V. 
 
 Quomodo agendum cum religiosis, qui iisdem in 
 ecclesia, quibus nos, functionibus vacant, 
 
 1. Genus istud homimim ferendum animose, 
 interim principibus et illis, qui aliqua auctoritate 
 valent, et aliquo modo nobis addict! sunt, explican- 
 dum et indicandum opportune nostram societatem 
 omnium ordinum continere perfectionem, piaster 
 cantum et exteriorem in victu et vestitu asperita- 
 tem ; et si quse religiones in aliquo excellent, socie- 
 tatem eminentiori modo lucere in ecclesia Dei. 
 
 2. Inquirantur et notentur defectus -aliorum re- 
 ligiosorum, quibus prudenter et plerumque per 
 jnodum deplorationis apud fideles amicos paulatim 
 defectis ac propalatis, ostendatur, minus feliciter 
 illos satisfacere istis functionibus quibus nobiscum 
 concurrunt. 
 
 3. Majori conatu eundum est contra eos qui 
 scholas dro juventute docenda instituere volunt 
 istis locis, in quibus cum honore et utilitate nostri 
 docent. Ostendant principibus et magistratibus 
 
OF THE JESUITS. 6l 
 
 CHAP. V. 
 
 What kind of conduct must be observed towards 
 such religious persons as are employed in the 
 same ecclesiastical functions with us. 
 
 \. We must not be discouraged or beat down by 
 this sort of men, but take proper opportunities, de- 
 mon strably -to convince princes, and others in au- 
 thority, who are in any way attached to our inte- 
 rest, that our order contains the perfection of all 
 others, excepting only their cant and outward aus- 
 terity of life and dress; but if another order should 
 claim pre-eminence in any particular, that it is our's 
 which shines with the greatest lustre in the Church 
 of God. 
 
 II. Let the defects of other religious orders be dili- 
 gently canvassed and remarked, and, after full dis- 
 covery, gradually published to our faithful friends, 
 but always with prudence and a seeming sorrow ; 
 and let it be pretended, that it is not in their power 
 to acquit themselves so happily as we, even in the 
 discharge of those functions which are common to 
 us both. 
 
 III. But far greater efforts must be made against 
 those who attempt setting up schools for the educa- 
 tion of -youth, in places where any of our members 
 do the same already with honor and -advantage. 
 And in this case, princes and magistrates must b* 
 
 6 
 
62 SECRET INSTRUCTIONS 
 
 tales fore perturbation! et sedition! reipublicae nisi 
 impediantur, quse ab ipsismet pueris, qui diversi- 
 mode instruentur, incipient, denlque societatem 
 sufficere juventuti erudiendye. 
 
 4. Quod si religiose literas pontificias obtinuerint 
 aut cardinalium commendationera pro se habeant, 
 agant nostri contra per principes ac magnates, qui 
 Pontificem informent de benemeritis societates. et 
 sufficientia ut per illam pacifice juventus instruatur ; 
 procurent etiam et exhibeant testimonia a magistra- 
 tibus danda de bona illorum conversatione et insti 
 tutione. 
 
 5. Interim pro viribus nostri studeant edere 
 specimen singulare virtutis et doctrinse execcendo 
 studiosos in studiis, aliisque plausibilibus ludis 
 scholasticis, magnatibus ac magistratibus et populo 
 spectantibus. 
 
OF THE JESUITS. 63 
 
 told, that such, unless timely prevented, will cer- 
 tainly prove nurseries of tumults and sedition ; for 
 children, from different methods of instruction, must 
 necessarily imbibe different principles; and lastly, 
 we must persuade them, that no society but our's 
 is qualified for discharging an office of so great 
 importance. 
 
 IV. And should these religious orders procure 
 license from the pope, or obtain recommendations 
 from cardinals, our members must oppose these by 
 the interest of princes and noblemen, who should 
 inform his holiness of the merits of our society, and 
 its capacity for the peaceful education of youth; 
 and let this be corroborated by testimonies from 
 the magistrates of the place, concerning the good be- 
 haviour and faithful instruction of such as are com- 
 mitted to our care. 
 
 V. In the mean time, let our members be mind- 
 ful to give to the public some signal instances of 
 their virtue and learning, by directing their pupils 
 in the presence of the gentry, magistrates, and po- 
 pulace, in their several studies, or engaging them in 
 the performance of some other scholastic exercises 
 proper for gaming public applause. 
 
64 SECRET INSTRUCTIONS 
 
 CAPUT VI. 
 
 De conciliandis societati viduis opulentis. 
 
 1. Diligantiir ad hoc opus patres provectse 
 aetatis, complexionis vivacis et conversationis gra- 
 tte; ab illis visitentur viduse illas, efc simul atque 
 a flee turn aliquem erga societatem ostendunt, vicis- 
 sim. opera et merita societatis illis offerantur. Quod 
 si acceptent et ecclesias nostras visitare cceperiut, 
 prospiciatur eis de confessario, a quo bene dirigan- 
 tur prsesertim in ordine ad constantiam in statu 
 viduali, enumerando et laudando illius fructus et 
 felicitatem ; certoque spondeant et tanquam obsides 
 promittant seternum meritum hac ratione conqui- 
 rendum, et efficacissiinum esse remedium ad pur- 
 gatorias pcenas evitandas. 
 
 2. Procuret idem confessarius ut sacello vel 
 oratorio alicui domi adornando occupentur, in quo 
 meditationibus aliisque exercitiis spiritualibus va- 
 care possint, ut sic facilius a conversatione, et pro- 
 corum, visitationibus avocentur; et quamvis sacel- 
 lanurn habeant, nostri tamen a celebratione M 
 
OF THE JESUITS. 65 
 
 CHAPTER VI. 
 
 Of proper methods for inducing rich widows to be 
 liberal to our Society. 
 
 I. For the managing of this affair, let such mem- 
 bers only be chosen as are advanced in age, of a 
 lively complexion and agreeable conversation ; let 
 these frequently visit such widows, and the minute 
 they begin to show any affection towards our order, 
 then is the time to lay before them the good works 
 and merits of the society. If they seem kindly to 
 give ear to this, and begin to visit our churches, we 
 must by all means take care to provide them con- 
 fessors ' by whom they may be well admonished, 
 especially to a constant perseverance in their state 
 of widowhood, and this, by ennumerating and prais- 
 ing the advantages and felicity of a single life: and 
 let them pawn their faiths, and themselves too, as a 
 security that a firm continuance in such a pious re 
 solution will infallibly purchase an eternal merit, 
 and prove a most effectual means of escaping the 
 otherwise certain pains of purgatory. 
 
 f II, And let the same confessors persuade them 
 to engage in beautifying some chapel or oratory in 
 their own houses, as a proper place for their daily 
 meditations and devotions. By this means they 
 will be more easily disengaged from the conver- 
 sation and address of importunate suitors; and 
 although they have a chaplain of their own, yet ne 
 6* 
 
66 SECRET INSTRUCTIONS 
 
 et prgscipue ab exhor.tationibus opportune faciendis 
 noil abstineant, et sacellanum sub se continere stu- 
 deant. 
 
 3. Caute et sensim mutanda quse ad guberna- 
 tionem domus spectant, sic habita ratione personse, 
 loci, afFectus, et devotionis. 
 
 4. Amoliendi potissimum tales domestic! (sed 
 paulatirn) qui plane cum societate non communi- 
 cant aut correspondent, talesque, commendandi, (si 
 qui substituendi sint) quia nostris dependeant aut 
 depend ere velint : sic enim omnium, qui in familia 
 aguntur, participes esse poterimus. 
 
 5. Totus conatus confessarii hoc spectet, ut vi- 
 dua ejus consilio in omnibus utatur et acquiescat; 
 quod ostendetur per occasionem, esse unicum fun- 
 dament um profectus spiritualis. 
 
 6. Consulatur et celebratur frequens usus sacra- 
 mentorum, prsesertim poenitentioe in quo intima 
 animi sensa et ten tati ones quascumque liberrime 
 aperiat, deinde frequens commimio auditus sacri 
 ipsiusmet confessarii, ad quod invitabitur cum pro- 
 
OF THE JESUITS. 67 
 
 ver let the confessors desist from celebrating mass, 
 nor on all occasions giving them proper exhorta- 
 tions ; and to be sure (if possible) to keep the chap- 
 lain under. 
 
 III. Matters which relate to the management of 
 the house must be changed insensibly, and with the 
 greatest prudence, regard being had to person, place, 
 affection, and devotion. 
 
 IV. Care must be taken to remove such servants 
 particularly as do not keep a good understanding 
 
 ^vrith the Society; but let this be done by little and 
 little; and when we have managed to work them 
 out, let such be recommended as already are, or 
 willingly would become our creatures; thus shall 
 we dive into every secret, and have a finger in every 
 affair transacted in the family. 
 
 V. The confessor must manage his matters so 
 that the widow may have such faith in him as^not 
 
 to do the least thing without his advice, and his only, 
 which he may occasionally insinuate to be the only 
 basis of her spiritual edification. 
 
 VI. She must be advised to the frequent use and 
 celebration of the sacraments, but especially that of 
 penance ; because in that she freely makes a dis 
 co very of her most secret thoughts, and every temp- 
 tation. In the next place, let her frequently com 
 municate, and apply for instructions to her confessor, 
 
68 SECRET INSTRUCTIONS 
 
 missis peculiaribus precibus, recitatio litaniarum et 
 quotidianum examen conscientix. 
 
 7. Juvabit etiam non parum ad plenissimam 
 cognitionem omnium inclinationum ejus, confessio 
 generalis, etiam si alias alter! facta fuerit, iterata. 
 
 8. Exhortationes fient de bonis viduitatis, de 
 molestiis, matrimonii praesertim iterati, de periculis 
 quae simul incurruntur, etc., quas maxime ad homi-^ 
 nem sunt. 
 
 9. Proponendi subinde et dextre proci aliqui, 
 sed tales a quibus scitur bene viduam abhorrere; 
 describantur aliorum vitia et mail mores, si qui pu 
 tentur illi arridere, ut sic universim secundas nup- 
 tias nauseet. 
 
 10. Quando ergo circa viduitatis statum bene 
 affectam esse constat, tuno commend an da vita spiri- 
 tualis, non religiosa, cujus incommoda potius pro- 
 ponenda. et exageranda, sed qualis fuit, Paulse et 
 Enstachioe, etc. Prospiciatque confessarius ut quan- 
 totius voto castitatis saltern ad biennium vel trienni- 
 
OF THE JESUITS. 69 
 
 to the performance of which she must be invited by 
 promises of some prayers adapted to her particular 
 occasions ; and lastly, let her every day rehearse the 
 litany, and strictly examine her conscience. 
 
 VII. It will be also a great help to the obtaining 
 of a perfect knowledge of all her inclinations, to 
 prevail with her to repeat a general confession, 
 although she has formerly made it to another. 
 
 VIII. Discourse must be made to her concern- 
 ing the advantages of the state of widowhood, the 
 inconveniences of wedlock, especially when it is 
 
 * repeated, and the dangers to which mankind expose 
 themselves by it, but above all, such as more par- 
 ticularly affect her. 
 
 IX. It will be proper, every now and then, cun- 
 ningly to propose to her some match, but such a one, 
 be sure, as you know she has an aversion to ; and if 
 it be 'thought that she has a kindness for any one, 
 let his vices and failings be represented to her in a 
 proper light, that she may abhor the thoughts of 
 altering her condition with any person whatsoever. 
 
 X. When therefore it is manifest that she is 
 well disposed to continue a widow, it will then be 
 time to recommend to her a spiritual life, but not a 
 recluse one, the inconveniences of which must be 
 magnified to her; but such a one as Paula's, or 
 Eustachia?^ &c. and let the confessor, having as 
 soon as possible prevailed with her to -make a vow 
 
70 SECRET INSTRUCTIONS 
 
 um emisso, omnem aditum ad secundas nuptias 
 excludat ; quo tempore omnis conversatio cum 
 sexu impari, et recreationes etiam cum consangui- 
 neis et affinibus prohibendse titulo major is conjunc- 
 tionis cum Deo. Ecclesiastic! antem a quibus vi- 
 dua visitabilur, aut quos visitabit, si omnes excludi 
 nequeant, tamen tales sint qui ex nostrorum com- 
 mendatione admittantur, vel a nostrorum nutu de- 
 pendeant. 
 
 11. Hue usque ubi progressum fuerit, paulatim 
 ad bona opera praesertim eleemosynas inducenda 
 erit vidua, quse tamen nulla ratione prsestabit sine 
 sui patris spiritualis directione ; cum plurimum 
 intersit, ut cum discretione talentym in lucrum 
 spirituale detur, et eleemosynae male collocatae sin- 
 ssepe causa vel fomentum peccatorum, et sic simpli- 
 cem tantum fructum et meritum causent. 
 
 CAPUT VII. 
 
 Quomodo conservandce viduce, et disponendum de 
 bonis, qu& habent. 
 
 1. Urgeantur continuo ut pergant in devotione et 
 operibus bonis, sic, ut nulla hebdomada transeat quin 
 
OF THE JESUITS. 71 
 
 of chastity, for two or three years at least, take due 
 care to oppose all tendencies to a second marriage; 
 and then all conversation with men, and diversions 
 even with her near relations and kinsfolks must be 
 forbidden her, under pretence of entering into a 
 stricter union with God. As for the ecclesiastics, 
 who either visit the widow, or receive visits from 
 her, if they all cannot be worked out, yet let none 
 be admitted but what are either recommended by 
 some of our society, or are dependants upon them. 
 
 XI. When we have thus far gained our point, 
 the widow must be, by little and little, excited to 
 the performance of good works, especially those ot 
 charity ; which, however, she must by no means be 
 suffered to do without the consent of her ghostly 
 father, since it is of the last importance to her soul, 
 that her talent be laid out with a prospect of obtain- 
 ing spiritual interest; and since charity ill-applied, 
 often proves the cause and incitement to sins, which 
 effaces the merit and reward that might otherwise 
 attend it. 
 
 CHAPTER VII. 
 
 How such widows are to be secured, and in what 
 manner their effects are to be disposed of. 
 
 I. They are perpetually to be pressed to a per 
 severance in their devotion and good works, in such 
 
72 SECRET INSTRUCTIONS 
 
 sua sponte aliquid in honorem Christi, beatse Virgi- 
 nis, at patron i sui prsescindant a se de superfluis^ 
 quod ipsum in pauperes erogent, vel ornatus tern, 
 plorum destinent, donee spoliis plerisque et primi- 
 tiis ^Egypti sint exutse. 
 
 2. Quod si prceter communem affectum, suam 
 erga societatem nostram, liberal itatem testentur, 
 idque facere contingent, fiant omninum meritorum 
 societatis participes, cum indulto speciali provinci- 
 alis, aut etiam si taritss personas fuerint generalis. 
 
 3. Si emiserint votum castitatis, renovent illud 
 more nostro bis in anno, concessa illis pro ilia die 
 recreatione honesta cum nostris. 
 
 4. Visitentur crebr6j et jecundis colloquiis, et 
 historiis spiritualibus, ac facetiis recreentur et fove- 
 antur, juxtra uniuscujusque humorem et Inclina- 
 tionem, 
 
 5. . Non tracten tur nimis rigide in confessione, 
 ne morosse nimis fiant, nisi forte amissa spe gratiam 
 illarum aliunde occupatam recuperandi ; in quo 
 
OF THE JESUITS. 73 
 
 manner, that no week pass in which they do not, 
 of their own accord, Jay somewhat apart out of their 
 abundance for the honor of Christ, the blessed Vir- 
 gin, or their patron saint ; and let them dispose of 
 it in relief of the poor, or in beautifying of churches, 
 till they are entirely stripped of their superfluous 
 stores and unnecessary riches. 
 
 II. But if, besides their general acts of benefi- 
 cence, they show a particular liberality to us, and 
 continue in a course of such laudable works, let them 
 be made partakers of all the merits of the society, 
 and favored with a special indulgence from the pro- 
 vincial, or even from the general, if their quality be 
 such as may in some measure demand it. 
 
 III. If they have made a vow of chastity, let 
 them, according to our custom, renew it twice a 
 year; and let the day whereon this is done be set 
 apart for innocent recreations with the members of 
 the society. 
 
 IV. Let them be frequently visited, and enter- 
 tained in an ogroeable manner, with spiritual stories; 
 and also diverted with pleasant discourses, according 
 to their particular humors and inclinations. 
 
 V. They must not be treated with too much 
 severity, in confession, lest we make them morose 
 and ill-tempered, unless their favor be so far engag- 
 ed by others, that there is danger of not retaining 
 
 7 
 
74 SECRET INSTRUCTIONS 
 
 magua discretione de inconstant! mulierum genio 
 judicandum. 
 
 6. Arceantur ingeniose a visitationibus et festi- 
 vitatibus aliorum templorum, maxime religiosorum, 
 et inculcetur illis omnes aliorum ordinum indulgen- 
 tias in societatem esse refusas. 
 
 7. Si lugendum ipsis sit, permittatur ornatus 
 lugubris cum honesta majestate aliquid spirituale 
 simul et rnundanum spirans, ut non apprehendant 
 se a viro spiritual! plane gubernari. Deniqu^ 
 modo non sit periculum inconstantise, et erga socie- 
 tatem fideles et liberales inveniantur, concedatur 
 illis quidquid ad sensualitatem requirunt, moderate 
 et excluso scandalo. 
 
 8. Collocentur apud viduas alias puellds honestaa 
 et parentibus divitibus ac nobilibus natse, quse nos- 
 trorum direction!, et modo vivendi paulatim assue- 
 fiant. His prsesit aliqua a confessario totius familise 
 ad hoc electa et constituta. Subjiciantur syndicati- 
 onibus aliisque consuetudinibus societatis, et quse 
 sese accomodare nolunt, dimittantur ad parentes 
 vel alios a quibus adductae erant, describantur tan* 
 quam djscolas, difHcilis genii, etc. 
 
OF THE JESUITS. 75 
 
 it ; and in this case, great discretion is to be used in 
 forming a judgment of the natural inconsistency of 
 women. 
 
 VI. Good management must be used to prevent 
 their visiting the churches of others, or seeing their 
 feasts, but especially those, of religious orders ; for 
 which purpose, let them hear it often repeated, that 
 all the indulgences of other orders are with greater 
 extent contained in ours. 
 
 VII. If they propose to put on a weed, give them 
 the liberty of such a becoming dress as has in it an 
 air both religious and fashionable ; that they may 
 not think they are altogether to be governed by 
 their spiritual guide. Lastly, if there be no suspi- 
 cion of their inconstancy, but they are, on the con- 
 trary, faithful and liberal to our Society, allow them 
 in moderation, and without offence, whatever plea- 
 sures they have an inclination to. 
 
 VIII. Let women that are young and descended 
 from rich and noble parents, be placed with those 
 widows, that they may, by degrees become subject 
 to our directions, and accustomed to our method of 
 living; as a governess to these, let some woman be 
 chosen and appointed by the family confessor ; let 
 these submit to all the censures, and other customs 
 of the Society ; but such as will not conform them- 
 selves, immediately dismiss to their parents, or 
 those who put them to us, and let them be repre- 
 
76 SECRET INSTRUCTIONS 
 
 9. Nec minor cura sanitatis, et recreationis 
 illarum, quam salutis habenda erit : quare si de 
 valetudine conquerantur, statim jejunia, eilicia, dis- 
 ciplinse aliasque pcenitentise corporales, prohibebun- 
 tur : neque permittantur ad templum etiam. exire, 
 sed domi secreto et caute administrentur. Dissimu- 
 letur curn -illis ingressus in hortum vel collegium, 
 modo secreto id fiat ; permittantur colloquia et 
 recreationes secretes cum iis qui maxime arriserint. 
 
 10. Pro dispositione redituum quos habet vidua 
 in favorem societatis facienda, proponatur perfectio 
 status hominum sanctorum, qui relicto mundo, pa- 
 rentibus, et bonis abdicatis, cum magna resignatione 
 et animi hilaritate Deo servierunt. Exponantur 
 in ordine ad hoc quse habentur in constitutione et 
 examine societatis, de istius modi renuntiatione et 
 abnegatione omnium rerum. Allegentur exempla 
 viduarum, quoe sic brevi in sanctas evaserunt, cuni 
 spe canonizationis, is sic in finem usque persevera- 
 verint, ostendaturque ipsis non defuturam ad hoc 
 nostrorum apud pontificem auctoritatem. 
 
OF THE JESUITS. 77 
 
 sented as untractably stubborn, and of a perverse 
 disposition. 
 
 IX. Nor is less care to be taken of their health 
 and recreations than of their salvation ; wherefore if 
 ever they complain of any indisposition, immediate- 
 ly all fasting, canvas, discipline, and other corporal 
 penance must be forbidden; nor let them be per- 
 mitted to stir abroad, even to church, but be attend- 
 ed at home with privacy and care. If they secretly 
 steal into the garden, or college, seem as if you knew 
 it not, and allow them the liberty of conversation 
 and private diversions with those whose company is 
 most agreeable to them. 
 
 X. That a widow may dispose of what she has 
 in favor of the Society, set as a pattern to her, the 
 perfect state of holy men, who having renounced the 
 world, and forsaken their parents, and all that they 
 had, with great resignation and cheerfulness of mind 
 devoted themselves to the service of God. For the 
 better effecting of this, let what is contained in the 
 constitution and statutes of the Society relating to 
 this kind of renunciation, and forsaking of all things, 
 be explained to them ; and let several instances of 
 widows be brought, who thus in a short time became 
 saints, in hopes of being canonized, if they continued 
 such to the end. And let them be apprized, that 
 our Society will not fail to use their interest at the 
 court of Rome for the obtaining such a favor. 
 
78 SECRET INSTRUCTIONS 
 
 11. Imprimendum ipsishocfirmiter,siconscientiae 
 perfecta quiete frui velint, omnino sine murmurati- 
 one, tcedio, aut ull& reticentia interior!, sequendam 
 esse tarn in temporalibus quam. in spiritualibus 
 confessarii directionem, tanquam. a Deo peculiariter 
 destinati. 
 
 12. Instruendse etiam per occasionem, gratius 
 esse si personis ecclesiasticis, maxime religiosis 
 spectatae et exemplaris vitae eleemosynas suas dent, 
 non nisi conscio turn et approbante confessario. 
 
 13. Cavebunt dilligentissime confessarii ne quo- 
 cumque praetextu hujusmodi viduas illorum poeni- 
 tentes alios religiosos invisant, aut familiaritatem 
 cum illis ineant; quod ut irnpediant, conabuntur 
 suo tempore depraadicare societatem tanquam ordi- 
 nem superlativum prae caetaris, et utilissimum in 
 ecclesia, majoris auctoritatis apud pontificem et 
 principes omnes; perfectissimum in se, quia dimit- 
 tit noxios et inidoneos, ade6que sine spuma et fecibus 
 vivit, quibus scutent monachi, plerumque indocti, 
 bardi, segnes, salutis suae incurii, ventricolaa, etc. 
 
 14. Proponant confessarii et suadeant illis ordi- 
 
OF THE JESUITS. 79 
 
 XL Let this be deeply imprinted on their minds, 
 that, if they desire to enjoy perfect peace of con- 
 science, they must, as well in matters temporal as 
 spiritual, without the least murmuring, or inward 
 reluctance, entirely follow the direction of their con- 
 fessor, as one particularly allotted them by Divine 
 providence. 
 
 XII. They must be also instructed upon every 
 occasion, that their bestowing of alms to ecclesias- 
 tics, and even to the religious' of an approved and 
 exemplary life, without the knowledge and approba- 
 tion of their confessor, is not equally meritorious in 
 the sight of God. 
 
 XIII. Let the confessors take diligent care to 
 prevent such widows as are their penitents, from 
 visiting ecclesiastics of other orders, or entering into 
 familiarity with them, under any pretence whatso- 
 ever; for which end, let them, at proper opportuni- 
 ties, cry up the Society as infinitely superior to all 
 other orders; of the greatest service in the church 
 of God, and of greater authority with the Pope, and 
 all princes; and that it is the most perfect in itself. 
 in that it discards all persons' offensive or unqualifi- 
 ed, from its community, and therefore is purified 
 from that scum and dregs with which these monks 
 are infected, who, generally speaking, are a set of 
 men unlearned, stupid, and slothful, negligent of 
 their duty, and slaves to their bellies. J 
 
 XIV. Let the confessors propose to them, and 
 
80 SECRET INSTRUCTIONS 
 
 11 arias pensiones, et tributa, quibus subleventur an- 
 nuatim coliegioram et domorum professarum debita, 
 prcecipue domus professse romanae, nee immemores 
 sint ornamentorum templi, cerse, vini, etc., ad cele- 
 brationem missas sacrificii necessariorum. 
 
 15. Quod si in vita sua vidua ex pleno bona sua 
 societati non inscripserit, proponatur illi per occa- 
 sionem, et prsesertim ingruente gravi morbo aut pe- 
 riculo vitse, segestas, novitas et multitude plurimo- 
 rum coliegiorum nondum fundatorum, inducantur- 
 que suaviter et fortiter ad sumptus faciendos, qui- 
 bus eeternam gloriam sunt fundaturse. 
 
 16. Idem faciendum cum principibus, et bene- 
 factoribus aliis, persuadendum, inquam, ea qu^e per- 
 petua sunt in hoc mundo et in altero seternam illis 
 gloriam a Deo paritura. Quod si hinc hide aliqui 
 malevoli allegent exemplum Christ! qui non habe- 
 bat ubi caput reclinaret, velintque socios Jesu simi- 
 liter essse pauperrimos, ostendatur et serio im- 
 primatur, passim omnibus, ecclesiam Dei nunc 
 mutatam et monarchiam factam, quse auctoriate et 
 potentia magna tueri se debet, contra potentissimos 
 inimicos, et esse lapidem iJlum parvum excisum qui 
 
OF THE JESUITS. 81 
 
 endeavor to persuade them to pay small pensions 
 and contributions towards the yearly support of 
 colleges and professed houses, but especially of the 
 professed house at Rome ; nor let them forget the 
 ornaments of churches, wax-tapers, wine, &c. things 
 necessary in the celebration of the sacrifice of mass. 
 
 XV. If any widow does in her life- time make 
 over her whole estate to the Society ; whenever 
 opportunity offers, but especially when she is seized 
 with sickness, or in danger of life, let some take care 
 to represent to her the poverty of the greatest num. 
 ber of our colleges, whereof many just erected have 
 hardly as yet any foundation ; engage her, by a 
 winning behaviour and inducing arguments, to such 
 a liberality as (you must persuade her) will lay a 
 certain foundation for her eternal happiness. 
 
 XVI. The same art must be used with princes 
 and other benefactors; for they must be wrought 
 up to a belief, that these are the only acts which will 
 perpetuate their memories in this world, and secure 
 them eternal glory in the next : but should any 
 persons out of ill-will pretend to trump up the ex- 
 ample of our Saviour, who had not whereon to lay 
 his head, and from thence urge that the Society of 
 Jesus ought to distinguish themselves by their pover- 
 ty, in answer to such insinuations as these, we must 
 seriously inculcate on the minds of all, that the state 
 of the church, being altered from what it was. and 
 now changed into a monarchy, it cannot maintain 
 
82 SECRET INSTRUCTIONS 
 
 crevit in montem maximum, proedictum per por- 
 phetap. 
 
 17. Istis quse addicts sunt eleemosynis et ornatui 
 templorurn, ostendatur crebro, summam perfeetio- 
 nem in eo consistere, quod terrenarum rerum amore 
 sese cxuentes. ipsnm Christum ejusque socios, earum 
 possessores faciant. 
 
 18. Sed quia minus semper sperandum a viduis 
 quse liberos suos ad seculum dirigunt, videbimus. 
 
 CAPUT VIII. 
 
 Quomod6 faciendum utfilii etfilice viduarem religi- 
 osum aut devotorium statum amplectantur. 
 
 1. Sicut matribus fortiter, sicnostris suaviter in 
 hac materia est agendum Matres, nirnirum, instru- 
 endse ut proli suse reprehensionibus, castigationibus, 
 etc., molestse sint a teneris; dum provectiores 
 prresert'm filias faerint, muliebrem ornatum et cle- 
 nodias illis negent, optando ssepe et Deum rogando 
 
OF THE JESUITS. 83 
 
 its ground against mighty enemies, unless support- 
 ed by great authority and power, and that it is that 
 little stone which was foretold by the prophet 
 should be hewn out of the rock, and afterwards rise 
 into a vast mountain. 
 
 XVII. Those who are inclined to acts of charity, 
 and the adorning of temples, should be frequently 
 told that the height of perfection consists in with- 
 drawing their affections from earthly things, thereby 
 making Christ and his followers possessors of them. 
 
 XVIII. But since our expectations must neces- 
 sarily be less from widows that educate their chil- 
 dren for the business of the world ; we shall now 
 proceed to lay down methods proper for preventing 
 this inconvenience. 
 
 CHAPTER VIII. 
 
 How widows ore to be treated, that they may embrace 
 religion, or a devoted life. 
 
 I. As it will behove the widows to act with re- 
 solution, so must we proceed with gentleness upon 
 this occasion. Let the mothers be instructed to use 
 their children harshly, even from their cradles, by 
 plying them with reproofs and frequent chastise- 
 ments, &c. And when their daughters are near 
 grown up to discretion, let them then be especially 
 
84 SECRET INSTRUCTIONS 
 
 ut ad statum ecclesiasticum adspirent et pollicendo 
 insignem dotem si rnoniales*esse voluerint. Expo- 
 nan t sagpe difficultates quse in matrimonio sunt om- 
 nibus communes, et si quas ipssemet in particulari 
 expertse sint, dolerido quod cselibatum suo tempore, 
 matrimonio non pnetulerint, denique sic agant con- 
 tinuo, ut filia3 prsesertim, tsedio vitse apud matrem 
 tali modo transigendae, de statu religioso cogitent. 
 
 2. Cum filiis conversentur nostri familiariter, 
 siquidem ad societatem nostram apti visi fyerint, 
 introducantur opportune in collegium, et ostendan- 
 tur, explicenturque illis ea, quoe quoquo modo grata 
 futura, et ad societatem amplectendam invitatura 
 creduntur, ut sunt horti, vineae, domus rurales, et 
 prsedia, ubi nostri sese recreant ; narretur illis itine- 
 ratio ad di versa regna, communicatio cum principi- 
 bus mundi, et quascumque juvenilem aetatem oblec- 
 tant, in refectorio et cublculis exterior mundi ties, 
 blanda conversatio inter nostros, regulae nostroe fa- 
 cilitas, cui tainen comprorriissa est gloria Dei. ordi- 
 nis deiiique nostri super alios prseeminentia, et 
 
OF THE JESUITS. 85 
 
 denied the common dress and ornaments of their 
 sex ; at all times offering up prayers to God, that 
 he would inspire them with a desire of entering into 
 a religious order, and promising them very plentiful 
 portions, on condition they would become nuns ; let 
 them lay before them the many inconveniences at- 
 tending every one in a married state, and those in 
 particular which they themselves have found by 
 wofui experience ; often lamenting the great mis- 
 fortunes of their younger years, in not having pre- 
 ferred a single life. And lastly, let them persist to 
 use them in this manner, that their daughters may 
 think of a religious state, being tired by leading 
 such a life with their mothers. 
 
 II. Let our members converse familiarly with 
 their sons, and if they seem fit for our turn, intro- 
 duce them occasionally into the college, and let 
 every thing be shown with the best face, to invite 
 them to enter themselves of the order : as the gar- 
 dens, vineyard, country-seats, and villas, where those 
 of our Society pass an agreeable life; let them be 
 informed of our travels into several parts of the 
 . world, of our familiarity with princes, and whatever 
 else may be agreeable to youth : let them see the 
 outward neatness of our refectories and chambers, 
 the agreeable intercourse we have one with another, 
 the easiness of our rules, which yet has the promise 
 of the glory of God ; and lastly, the pre-eminence of 
 our order above all others ; not forgetting, amidst 
 
86 SECRET INSTRUCTIONS 
 
 colloquia simul faceta cum piis commisceantur. 
 
 3. Moneantur quasi ex revelatione interdum ad 
 religionem in genere, deinde caute insinuetur per- 
 fectio et commoditas nostree pr3e costeris ; exponan- 
 turque tuin in publicis exhortationibus, turn in prU 
 vatis colloquiis, quarn sit grave contra vocationern 
 divinam calcitrare, tandemque inducantur ad facien- 
 da exercitia spiritualia, ut de statu vitoe deligendo 
 con cl ud ant. 
 
 4. Procurent nostri ut huju^modi adolescentes 
 instructores habeant societati addictos, qui continuo 
 invigilent et hortentur ; si autem reluctentur, sub- 
 trahantur hinc inde aliqua, ut tsedeo vitse affician- 
 tur. Exponat mater difficultates familioe. Tandem, 
 si non ita commode fieri possit, ut sua sponte ani- 
 mum ad societatem adjiciant, mittantur titulo stu- 
 diorum ad remota societatis gymnasia, et ex parte 
 matris pauca submittantur solatia, ex parte ver6 
 societatis adhibeantur lenocinia, ut affectum in nos 
 tros transferant. 
 
OF THE JESUITS. 87 
 
 our discourses of piety, to entertain them also with 
 pleasant and diverting stories. - 
 
 III. Let us now and then (as if by divine inspira- 
 tion) exhort them to religion in general ; and then 
 artfully insinuate the perfection and conveniences of 
 our institution above others ; and take care to set in 
 a due light, both in public exhortations and private 
 discourses, how heinous a crime it is to resist the 
 immediate call of God; and lastly, let them be 
 soothed to the performance of spiritual exercises, to 
 determine them in the choice of such a state of life. 
 
 IV. We must also take care to provide for these 
 youths tutors that are firmly attached to our inter- 
 est; who must keep a strict eye over them, and con- 
 tinually exhort them to such a course of life; but 
 should they seem reluctant, abridge them of some 
 of their former liberties, that by such restraint they 
 may become conformable. Let their mothers set 
 forth the difficulties which the family labor under; 
 and if, after all, they cannot be brought of their own 
 accord to desire admission into the Society, send 
 them to distant colleges belonging to the order, 
 under the notion of keeping them closer to their 
 studies; and from their mothers let them receive 
 little countenance, but let our members make use 
 of the most alluring behaviour, that their affections 
 may be brought over to us. 
 
88 SECRET INSTRUCTIONS 
 
 < 
 
 CAPUT IX. 
 De redltibus collegiorum augendis. 
 
 1. Nemo quantum fieri poterit ad ultimam pro- 
 fessionem admittatur, quarndiu successiones aliquas 
 exspectet, nisi fratrem se juniorem habeat in socie- 
 tate. vel ob alias graves causas; in omnibus tamen 
 et ante omnia consulendum est amplification! soci- 
 etatis secundiam fines superioribus notos, qui in hoe 
 saltern conspirent, ut ecJesia ad majorem gloriam 
 Dei pristine nitori restituatur, et totius cleri non 
 nisi unus sit spiritus; quocirca frequenter inonen- 
 dum est et passim pvomulgandum, societatem par- 
 tim constare ex profess! i adeo mendicis, ut prae- 
 ter largitiones quotidianas fidelium, careant omni- 
 bus omnino, partirn etiam aliis patribus pauperibus 
 quidcm sed qui possident bona stabilia, ne sint in 
 gravamen populi pro studiis ac functionibus suis, ut 
 sunt casteri mendicantes; indeoque serio inculcent 
 confessarii principum, rr.agnatum, viduarurn, et alio- 
 rum a qui bus societas mult urn sperare potest, ea 
 qux hai\c materiam, concernunt, ut dum spiritualia 
 illis conferunt et divina, ad minimum terrena et 
 temporalia ab illis recipiant, neque vix unquam 
 oinittant occasiones recipiendi cum offertur. Si au- 
 tem promissum fuerit et differatur, prudenter in me- 
 
OF THE JESUITS. 89 
 
 CHAPTER IX. 
 Of increasing the revenues of our Colleges. 
 
 I. Never admit any person, if it can well be 
 prevented, to his last degree, so long as he shall 
 have an expectation of any estate falling to him, un- 
 less he has a brother in the Society who is younger 
 than himself, or some other important reasons re- 
 require it; but above all things, and in every action, 
 the increase of the Society must be regarded, for 
 ends known to the superiors ; who in this point (no 
 doubt) agree that, for the greater displaying of 
 God's glory, the church should be restored to its 
 ancient splendor by the perfect harmony of all its 
 clergy. Wherefore let it frequently, in every place, 
 be published, that the Society consists partly of pro- 
 fessors so very poor, that, excepting the daily alms, 
 of the faithful, they are entirely destitute of the com- 
 mon necessaries of life ; and partly by others, poor 
 indeed, but possessed of some little matters, by help 
 whereof they subsist, being, neither for their studies, 
 nor the duties they perform, an incumbrance to the 
 people, as other mendicants are. Therefore let con- 
 fessors of princes, and noblemen, widows and others, 
 (from whom our expectations may reasonably be 
 large) with great seriousness inculcate this notion, 
 that while we administer to them in divine and spi- 
 ritual things, -they at least should, in return, contri- 
 bute to us of their earthly and temporal : and let 
 8* 
 
90 SECRET INSTRUCTIONS 
 
 rnoriam revocetur, quantum tamen fieri potest om- 
 nem affectum erga divitias dissimulando. Quod si 
 qui ex confessariis sive magnatum sive aliorum ad 
 hsec in praxin redigenda minus industrius videatur, 
 tempori et caute amoveatur, alio in locum ens suf- 
 fecto ; et si necessarium sit ad majorem pcenitenti- 
 um satisfactionem, ad remotiora collegia relegetur, 
 dicendo societatem plurimum illius persona ac ta- 
 lent'rs ibidem indigere. Nuper enim audivimus ju- 
 venes viduas immatura morte praeventas, negligentia 
 nostrorum supellectilem valde pretiosam, templis 
 societatis dicatam non legasse, e6 qu6d tempestive 
 acceptata non esset ; neque est ad similia accep- 
 tanda tempus, sed bona poenitentium voluntas spec- 
 tan da est. 
 
 2. Prselati, canonici, pastores, aliique opulenti 
 ecc/esiastici industriis variis ad exercitia spiritualia 
 sunt alliciendi, et paulatim sic mediante affectu erga- 
 res spirituales societati conciliandi, deinde eorum 
 liberalitas paulatim prognosticanda. 
 
 3. Non negligant confessarii interrogare poeni- 
 tentes suos (opportune tamen) de nomine, familia, 
 
OF THE JESUITS. 91 
 
 no opportunity ever be slipt of receiving from them 
 whatever is offered : and if any thing be promised, 
 and the performance delayed, take care to remind 
 them thereof with prudence, and in such a manner . 
 as may best conceal our love of riches. But should 
 any confessors, either of noblemen, or others, seem 
 the least negligent to put in practice these rules, let 
 him, at a proper opportunity, be removed, and put 
 another more fit in his room; and should it be ne- 
 cessary, for the greater satisfaction of the penitants, 
 let him be sent to one of the most distant colleges, 
 saying, that a person of his ability would be there 
 of much greater service to the Society : for we have 
 lately been informed that several young widows, 
 being snatched away by sudden death, did not be- 
 queath to us their valuable effects through the negli- 
 gence of some members who did not take care to 
 accept of them in due time; for in. getting these 
 things, regard is not to be had to the time, but the 
 good inclination of the penitent. 
 
 II. Let various wiles be used to draw prelates, 
 canons, pastors, and other rich ecclesiastics to the 
 exercise of spiritual acts, that through their affection 
 for holy things, we may gradually gain them to the 
 Society ; and by that means promise ourselves to 
 be in some measure partakers of their liberality. 
 
 III. Confessors must remember to sift out of 
 their penitents, at proper opportunities, what fami- 
 ly, relations, parents, friends, and effects, they have ; 
 
92 SECRET INSTRUCTIONS 
 
 affinibus, parentibus, amicis bonis dein spectare suc- 
 cessiones illorum, statuin, intentioneni ac resolutio- 
 nem ; quam si nondum sumpserint societati favo- 
 rabilem, oportebit persuadere ; qu6d si spes alicu- 
 jus utiiitatis prima fronte affulgeat, quia non expe- 
 dit de omnibus simul interrogare. jubeantur sive 
 titulo majoris elucidationis conscientise, sive pceni- 
 tentise medicinalis. hebdomatim confiteri, et honeste 
 ab eodeni confessario invitentur, ut quod una vix in- 
 quirere non potuit, pluribus inquirat. Quod si suc- 
 sesserit ex voto, si femina fuerit, ad persistendum 
 in frequenti confessione et visitatione ; bi vir ad so- 
 dalitatem frequentendam, et familia'ritatem nostro- 
 ruin, quoque modo inducatur. 
 
 4. Qua3 de viduis dicta sunt, eadem agenda circa 
 mercatores, cives opulentos, et conjugates prole ca- 
 rentes, intelligantur ; a quibus non raro societas ex 
 asse lisereditatem acquiret, si prudenter has praxes 
 execution! mandentur. Potissimum autem haec ob- 
 servanda erunt, circa opulentas devoterias nostros 
 frequenkmtes, quas si non sint parentibus valde no- 
 bilibus natae tantum ad summum potent vulgus ob- 
 murmurare. 
 
 5. Hectores collegiorum conabuntur habere no 
 
OF THE JESUITS. 93 
 
 then learn their reversions, state, intention, and re- 
 solution, which they must endeavor to mould in 
 favor of the Society, if it be not so already. If, at 
 first trial, we have prospect of advantage, (it being 
 improper to pry into all things at once,) let the same 
 confessor, under pretence of better clearing their 
 conscience, or doing some soul-saving penance, strict- 
 ly enjoin them to make weekly confessions: and 
 gravely, and with a seeming honest intention, invite 
 them to it, that he may have the better opportunity 
 to propose the questions, at several times, which he 
 could not so conveniently offer at once. The mat- 
 ter succeeding according to his wish ; if it be a fe- 
 male penitent, let all ways be tried to induce her to 
 persist in frequent confessions, and constant attend- 
 ance on the service of the church. If a male, to fre- 
 quent the company of the members of our Society, 
 and to endeavor to enter into a familiarity with them. 
 
 IV. What has been said, in relation to widows, 
 must be made use of towards merchants, rich citi- 
 zens, and married people who are childless ; whose 
 entire estates the Society may often acquire, pro- 
 vided these rules be prudently put in practice : but, 
 chiefly they must be observed with respect to rich 
 female devotees, who often converse with our mem- 
 bers ; upon whose account the common people can 
 but grumble at most, unless they happen to be de- 
 scended from very noble families. 
 
 V. Let the rectors of colleges endeavor to pro- 
 
94 SECRET INSTRUCTIONS 
 
 titiam dome-rum, hortorum, preediorum, vicarum, 
 pagorum, cseterumque bononim, quse a primariis 
 nobilibus, mercatoribus aut civibus possidentur, et 
 si fieri potest, gravammum ac redituum, quibus 
 onerantur; sed caute id prsestandum et efficaci-ssime 
 per confessionem, sodalitatem, ac privata colloquia. 
 Quod si confessarius poenitentem divitem adeptus 
 sit, continuo rectorem raoneat, etomni modo fovere 
 coiietur. 
 
 6. Porro summa rei in eo constiluenda est, 
 quod nostri omnes apposite benevolentiam pceniten- 
 tium, et aliorum, quibuscum conversantur captare 
 norint, et singulorum inclmationi se accommodare. 
 Quapropter ad loca quse a divitibus et nobilibus in- 
 habitantur, provinciates provideant ut multi m it- 
 tan tur ; ut provinciales id prudent! us ac felicius fa- 
 ciant, rectores <?e inesse illos accurate instruere suo 
 tempore meminerint. 
 
 7. Inquirant etiarn an contractus et possessiones, 
 per receptiones filiorum in societatem, ad illam 
 transire possint; et si fieri potest ex pi orent an bona 
 aliqua sic per pactum aliquod conducta, vel aliter 
 collegio cadere possint. ut post tempus societati ce- 
 dant ad quern finem societatis necessitas, et grava- 
 
OF THE JESUITS. 95 
 
 cure thorough information of the houses, gardens, 
 farm*, vine-yards, villages, and other effects belong, 
 ing to the prime nobility, merchants and citizens ; 
 and (if possible) of the taxes and rents with which 
 they are incumbered : but this may be done with 
 caution, and most effectually at confessions, in fami- 
 liar conversation, and private discourses. And 
 whenever a confessor has got a rich penitent, let 
 him immediately inform the rectors, and try all 
 winning artifices to secure him. 
 
 VI. But the whole success of our affairs turns 
 chiefly on this point;, viz. That all our members, 
 by studying a compliance with every one's humor, 
 work themselves into the good graces of their peni- 
 tents, and others they converse with ; to which end, 
 where places are inhabited by the rich and noble, 
 there let the provincials take care to send a consider- 
 able number: and that they may perform this with 
 more prudence and success, let the rectors not omit 
 giving them full instructions (as occasion requires) 
 what a plentiful harvest is like to crown their en- 
 deavors. 
 
 VII. Let inquiry be made, whether, by taking 
 their children into the order, their contracts and pos- 
 sessions may fall to the Society ; and if so, whether, 
 should they enter into an agreement with us, any 
 part of their effects could be made over to the col- 
 lege in such a manner, that it may, after a limited 
 time, revert unto us ; and for the better success in 
 
96 SECRET INSTRUCTIONS 
 
 men debitor-urn omnibus prsesertim magnatibus et 
 divitibus'mtirnanda erunt. 
 
 8. Si contigerit viduas aut conjugates, divites 
 nobis addictos tan turn habere filias, eas nostri 
 blande dirigentad statuni devotoriuni. vel ad religi- 
 onem monialium ; dote aliqua illis relicta, csetera 
 societati paulatim acquirentur. Quod si filios ha- 
 beant, qui societati apti erunt, ad illain allicientur, 
 alii ad alias religiones, etiam certo minirno compro- 
 misso inducendi erunt. *Sed si filius unicus sit, qui- 
 buslibet modis ad societatern pertrahendus erit, 
 eique metus omnis parentum ex animo removendus, 
 et vocatio Christ! inculcanda est, ostendendo etiam 
 Deo sacrificiuin gratissimum fore, si parentibus in- 
 sciis et invitis aufugerit ; delude mittatur ad noviti- 
 atum remotum, prsemonito prius generali. Quod 
 si filios et filias habeant, prius filioe in monasterium 
 vel statum devotiorurn dirigantur, d^inde filii in 
 societatein cum successione honorum pertrahantur. 
 
 9. Superiores hujusmodi viduarum et conjuga- 
 torum confessarios suaviter et fortiter moneant, ut 
 sese utiliter pro societate secundurn base moiiitu iin- 
 pendant ; quod si non feceririt, alii eoruin loco sub- 
 
OF THE JESUITS. 97 
 
 this affair, let the necessities of the Society, and the 
 load of debts they labor under, be particularly re- 
 presented to the nobility arid those that are rich. 
 
 VIII. If it happen that the widows and rich mar- 
 ried people, who are our friends, have daughterj 
 only, let these be persuaded by our members to 
 make choice of a religious life ; that a small for turn 
 being left to them, the Society may, by degrees, get 
 the rest into their possession: and if they have sons 
 who are fit for our turn, let them be allured to us, 
 and the others be enticed, by the promise- of small 
 rewards, to enter themselves of different orders. 
 But should there be an only son, let no means be 
 omitted for the bringing him over to the Society, 
 and freeing him from all fear of his parents ; let him 
 be persuaded it is a call from above ; and shown 
 how acceptable a sacrifice it would be to God, 
 should he desert his parents without their know, 
 ledge or consent; if this be effected, let him enter 
 his novicate in a remote college, having first given 
 information to the general. But if they happen to 
 have both sons and daughters, let the daughters bo 
 first disposed of in a nunnery ; and afterwards let 
 the sons be drawn into the Society when they are 
 got into possession of their sisters' effects. 
 
 IX. Let superiors earnestly, but with mildness, 
 advise the confessors of such wido\vs, and married 
 people, to apply themselves industriously for the 
 service of the Society, according to the instructions 
 
 9 
 
98 SECRET INSTRUCTIONS 
 
 stittianter et ipsi removeantur, sic ut notitiam cum 
 ilia familia fovere non possint. 
 
 10. Viduae vel aliae personse devotas, quse viden_ 
 tur magno affectu ad perfectionem tender e, inducan- 
 tur ad hoc tanquam ad efficacissimum medium per- 
 veniendi ad apicern perfectionis, si omnes suas 
 possessiones societati cedarit, et vivant annona soci- 
 ekitis, quce ill is secundum, exigentiam continuo ad- 
 ministrabitur, ut sine ulla cura ac sollicitudine Deo 
 liberius serviant. 
 
 11. Ad persuadendam efficacius paupertatem 
 societatls, superiores a ditioribus person is societati 
 addictis mutuent pecunias sub chirographo, quarurn 
 solutio differatur; deinde tempore morbi prceser- 
 tim periculosi talis persona constanter visitetur. et 
 omni ratione praaveniatur, ut tandem moveatur ad 
 redd end urn chirographum ; sic enim nostri non ag- 
 noscentur testamento, et interim nihilominuslucrabi- 
 mur absque invidias uccedentium in bona morientis. . 
 
 12. Conveniet etiam ab aliquibus personis pecu- 
 niam sub annuo reditu sum ere, et eamdem nummo 
 altiori alibi constituere, ut reditus reditum compen- 
 set ; interim enim fieri poterit, ut amici, qui pecu- 
 
OF THE JESUITS. 99 
 
 before laid down ; but if they will not act conforma- 
 ble thereto, let others be substituted in their places, 
 and they removed a good way off, to prevent them 
 from keeping up the least correspondence with any 
 of the family. 
 
 X. Let the widows or other devotees, who sec 
 with fervency to aspire at spiritual perfection, b 
 brought to give up all they have to the Society, an.! 
 be contented to live upon such allowance as we from 
 time to time shall think they have occasion for ; 
 that, by easing their minds of the cares and anxie- 
 ties of worldly affairs, they may be more at liberty 
 for the service of God. 
 
 XI. The better to convince the world of the So- 
 ciety's poverty, let the superiors borrow money on 
 bond, of some rich persons who are our friends, and 
 when it is due defer the payment thereof. After- 
 wards let the person who lent the money (especially 
 in time of dangerous sickness) be constantly visited, 
 and by all methods wrought upon to deliver up the 
 bond ; by this means we shall not be mentioned in 
 the deceased's will ; and yet gain handsomely with- 
 out incurring the ill-will of their heirs. 
 
 XII. It will also be proper to borrow money of 
 some at a yearly interest, and dispose of it to others 
 at a higher rate, that the income on one hand may j 
 more than answer the outgo on the other. For in ,J 
 
100 SECRET INSTRUCTIONS. 
 
 nias sic mutuo dederunt, misericordia nostri moti, 
 lucruin aut subinde etiam capitals, sive testamento, 
 sive donatione inter vivos, societati cedant, dum col- 
 legia strunntur, aut templaesedificantur. 
 
 13. UtiJiter etiam societas sub nomine mercato- 
 rum divitum nobis addietorum negotiari poterit ; 
 sed respiciendum certain ac copiosum lucrum, etiam 
 in Indus, quse societati non tantum animas, verum 
 etiarn opes multas hactenus, Deo favente, submin- 
 istranint. 
 
 14. Procurent nostri habere in locis ubi resident, 
 medicum aliquem societati fidelem, quern apud 
 segros proe caeteris prsecipue commendent et extol- 
 lant; ut vicissim ipse nostros prse cseteris religiosis 
 commendans, efficiat ut passim apud primaries 
 segrotos et prsesertim moribundos vocemur. 
 
 15. Confessarii sint assidui in visitandis gegris, 
 potissitnum qui periclitantur, et ut alios religiosos 
 ac ecclesiasticos inde honeste eliminent, procurent 
 .superiores, ut tempore illo quo confessarius disce- 
 dere cogitur ab segroto. continuo alii succedant, et 
 aegrotum in bonis propositis foveant ; interim incu 
 
OF THE JESUITS. 101 
 
 the mean time it may happen that our friends, to 
 whom we are indebted, compassionating the neces- 
 sities of the Society, when they find us engaged in 
 erecting of colleges, or building of churches, may by 
 will, or donation in their life-times, forgive us the 
 interest, and may be the principal. 
 
 XIII. The Society may also advantageously 
 traffic under the borrowed names of some rich mer- 
 chants, our friends ; but never without a prospect 
 of certain and abundant gain; and this may be done 
 even to the Indies, which hitherto, by the bountiful 
 favor of God, have furnished us not only with souls, 
 but also plenteously supplied our coffers with wealth. 
 
 XIV. In whatever places our members reside, 
 let them never omit to provide a physician who is 
 firm to the interest of the Society : him let them re- 
 commend to the sick, and prefer before all others ; 
 that he, in return, by extolling our Society above all 
 other religious orders, may occasion us to be called 
 to all persons of distinction, when afflicted with sick- 
 ness, but chiefly to such as are past hopes of recovery. 
 
 XV. Let the confessors be constant in visiting 
 the sick, but especially such as are thought to be in 
 danger; and that the ecclesiastics and members of 
 other orders may be discarded with a good pre- 
 tence, let the superiors take care that when the con- 
 fessor is obliged to withdraw, others may imme- 
 diately succeed, and keep up the sick person in his 
 
 9* 
 
102 SECRET INSTRUCTIONS 
 
 tiendus erit prudenter horror inferni, etc,, ad mini- 
 mum purgatorium, demonstrandumque, quod sicut 
 aqua cxstinguit ignem, sic eleemosyna extinguit peo 
 caturn ; nusquam autem meliiis eleemosynas impend! 
 posse quam in hujus modi personarum alimentum 
 ac subsidium qui ex vocatione sua profitentur cha- 
 ritatern erga salutem proximi ; sic enim illius par- 
 ti cipes faciendos, et satisfacturos segrotos pro peccatis 
 propriis, quia charitas operiit multitudinem peccato- 
 rum ; describi potest quoque charitas, tanquam vest- 
 is ilia nuptialis, sine qua nemo admittitur ad mensam 
 coelestem. Denique ex scriptura et sanctis patri- 
 bus alleganda erunt, quse, respectu habito ad capa- 
 citatem segroti, efficacissima judicabuntur ad ilium 
 permovendum. 
 
 16. Mulieres conquerentes de vitiis aut moles- 
 tiis suorum maritorum, doceantur subtrahere secre- 
 to summatn aliquam pecunise, illamque Deo offerre 
 pro expiandis peccatis maritorum et impetranda 
 ill is gratia. 
 
 CAPUT X. 
 
 De disciplines hujus rigore private in societate. 
 
 1. Dimittendus erit quilibet vel cnjusvis coixli- 
 sionis vel setatis, alio colore qusesito tanquam hostis 
 
OF THE JESUITS. 103 
 
 good resolutions. At this time it may be advisable 
 to move him by apprehensions of hell, &c. at least 
 of purgatory ; and tell him, that as fire is quenched 
 by water, so sin is extinguished by acts of charity ; 
 and that alms can never be better bestowed than 
 for the nourishment and support of such who by 
 their calling profess a desire to promote the salva- 
 tion of their neighbor. Thus will the sick become 
 partakers. of our merit, and by it atone for the sins 
 they have committed ; for charity covers a multi- 
 tude of sins. This virtue may be also represented 
 to them as that wedding garment, without which no 
 one is admitted to the heavenly feast. Next let 
 some passages be quoted out of the sacred writ, and 
 holy fathers, which (regard being had to the sick 
 person's capacity) shall be judged most proper for 
 persuading him to a compliance. 
 
 XVI. Lastly, let the women who complain of the 
 vices or ill-humor of their husbands, be instructed 
 secretly to withdraw a sum of money, that by mak. 
 ing an offering thereof to God, they may expiate ' 
 the crimes of their sinful help-mates, and secure a 
 pardon for them. 
 
 CHAPTER X. 
 
 Of the private rigor of discipline in the Society. 
 
 I. Whoever hath alienated our female devotees 
 or other friends, from our churches, or frequent con- 
 
104 SECRET INSTRUCTIONS 
 
 societatis, qui devotas nostras vel alios amicos ali- 
 enaverit a ternplo nostro vel frequentatione nostro- 
 rum, aut eleemosynas ad alia templa, vel religioso 
 diverterit, vel alicui opulento, aut bene societati 
 congruo iliam dissuaserit ; turn etiam qui circa tern- 
 pus, quo de bonis propriis disponendum erat, affec- 
 turn erga consanguineos potius quam erga societa- 
 tem, ostenderint ; hoc enim magnum immortificati 
 animi signum est, et convenit professes esse plane 
 mortificatos, item qui eleemosynas a pcenitentibus 
 aut aliis amicis societatis ablatas ad consanguineos 
 suos pauperes diverterint. Ut autem de causa di- 
 missionis suse postea. non conqueraritur, non dimit- 
 tantur statira, sed prohibeantur primo ab audiendis 
 confessionibus, mortificentur et vexentur exercitiis 
 vilissimorum officiorum ; cogantur ad ea in dies 
 prsestanda a qui bus aversionem maximam habere 
 cognoscuntur ; removeantur ab altioribus studiis ac 
 honorificis muniis ; urgeantur capitulis ac reprehen- 
 sionibus publicis ; arceantur a recreationibus, et 
 conversatione externorum ; subtrahantur in vesti- 
 bus, aliisque utensilibus, ea quse omnin6 necessaria 
 non sunt, donee ad murmurationem et impatientiam 
 inducantur, et tune tan quam nimis immortificati, et 
 aliis malo exemplo perniciosi dimittantur ; et si 
 ratio dimissionis parentibus aut prselatis ecclesiae 
 
OF THE JESUITS. 105 
 
 verse with our members : whoever hath withdrawn 
 alms to other churches or orders, themselves, or 
 persuaded the rich and well-inclined to us, to do it ; 
 whoever, at the time of disposal of their effects, hath 
 shown a greater affection to their near relations, 
 than to the Society : (a plain demonstration of an 
 umnortified mind, and directly contrary to the tho- 
 rough mortification enjoined professors :) whoever 
 hath converted the alms of penitents, or of other 
 of our friends, to the use of their own necessitous 
 kinsfolks : let them all be discarded, as enemies to 
 the Society, of what age or condition soever they 
 be ; yet for this, let some other pretence be alleged. 
 But to prevent their making complaint of this usage, 
 let them not be expelled immediately, but first be 
 restrained from hearing confessions, be plagued and 
 perplexed with exercise of the most servile offices ; 
 be obliged to perform such duties, to which it is- 
 evident they have an utter aversion ; let them be 
 removed from higher studies and honorable em- 
 ployments, and harassed with chapters and public 
 censures, let them be debarred of recreations, and 
 conversation with strangers, and be denyed, in dress 
 and every thing else, whatever is not absolutely 
 necessary ; till by such rigorous methods of chas. 
 tisement, they become impatient, and murmuring 
 against us ; let them then be 1 dismissed, as persons 
 not duly mortified, whose bad example may be per- 
 nicious to others; and if the reason of their expul- 
 sion be required by their parents, or the prelates of 
 
106 SECRET INSTRUCTIONS 
 
 danda sit, dicantur non habuisse spiritum societatis. 
 
 2. Dimittendi insuper erunt qui scrupulum fe- 
 cerint in acquirendis societatl bonis dicanturque esse 
 mmium proprio judicio addicti. Quod si apud pro- 
 vinciales rationem facti sui reddere voluerint, non 
 audiantur, sed urgeantur ad regulam quse omiies ob- 
 ligat ad csecam obedientiam prsestandam. 
 
 3. Reflectendum erit ab initio et a teneris, 
 quinam maxime in affectu erga societatem profici- 
 ant, qui autem afTectum erga alios ordines, aut pau- 
 peres, aut parerites tenere deprehenduntur, cum sint 
 futuri inutiles, modo supra dicto, paulatirn ad di mis- 
 sion em disponantur. 
 
 CAPUT XL 
 
 Qualiter se nostri unanimiter proestabunt contra di- 
 missos societate. 
 
 1. Quoniam demissi saltern all quorum secreto- 
 rum conscii sunt, plerumque obsunt ; ac proinde 
 eorum conatibus obviandum erit his modis : ante- 
 quam e societate dimittantur, inducantur ut peo- 
 
OF THE JESUITS. 107 
 
 the church, let them be represented as not having 
 the true spirit of the Society. 
 
 II. Let such also be dismissed who make a scru- 
 ple of acquiring riches for the Society, and set forth 
 as persons too much in love with their own opin- 
 ions : and if they desire to give an account of their 
 actions before the provincials, let them not be heard, 
 but compelled to conform themselves to the statute, 
 which commands implicit obedience from all. 
 
 III. Let us observe, from the first entrance, and 
 even from their tender years, who they are that 
 make the greatest advances in their affection for us : 
 and let such as are found to retain a love, either for 
 other orders, the poor, or their parents, be by little 
 and little, disposed for dismission, according to the 
 method already mentioned, since they are not likely 
 to prove of any service to the Society. 
 
 CHAPTER XI. 
 
 How our members are unanimously to behave towards 
 those who are expelled the Society. 
 
 I. Since those that are dismissed, do frequently 
 very much prejudice the Society by divulging such 
 secrets as they have been privy to; their attempts 
 must therefore be obviated in the following manner. 
 Let them be prevailed upon ? before they are dis- 
 
108 SECRET INSTRUCTIONS 
 
 mittant scripto, et jurent se nihil de societate un- 
 quam sinistri scriptures vel dicturos. Interim su- 
 periores servent scripto malas inclinationes, defectus 
 ac vitia illorum, quse ipsi aliquando in manifestati- 
 on e conscientiae pro more societatis dederunt, qui- 
 bus si necesse fuerit, societas apud magnates et 
 prselatos ad illorum promotionem impediendam se 
 juvare poterit. 
 
 2. Scribatur quamprimum per collegia, quinam 
 dirnissi sint, exaggerenturque causse dimissionis gene- 
 rales, immortificatio animi, inobedientia, parvus af- 
 fectus erga exercitia spiritualia, propriura judicium, 
 etc. Deinde moneantur alii omnes ne cum illis ulla 
 ratione correspondeant ; et si ab externis de demis- 
 si mentio fiat, loquantur omnes uniformiter, et 
 passim dicant, societatem neminem dimittere sine 
 gravibus causis, ejicere instar maris cadavera, etc. 
 Insinuentur etiam caute hujus modi causos, propter 
 quas odio habemur, ut plausibilior sit dimissio. 
 
 3. In domesticis exhortationibus persuadeatur 
 dimissos esse plane inquietos, et continue societa* 
 
OF THE JESUITS. 109 
 
 missed, to give it under their hands, and swear that 
 they never will, directly or indirectly, either write 
 or speak any thing to the disadvantage of the order; 
 and let the superiors keep upon record the evil in- 
 clinations, failings and vices, which they, according 
 to the custom of the Society, for discharge of their 
 consciences, formerly confessed : this, if ever they 
 give us occasion, may be produced by the Society, 
 to the nobility and prelates, as a very good handle 
 to prevent their promotion. 
 
 II.. Let it be immediately published through all 
 our colleges, that such and such are dismissed; and 
 let the general causes of their expulsion (such as an 
 unmortified mind, disobedience, disaffection for spi- 
 ritual exercises, an obstinate adherence to their own 
 opinions, &c.) be highly aggravated. In the next 
 place, let all be advised to keep no correspondence 
 with them upon any account whatsoever. And if 
 strangers should happen to make any mention of 
 them, let all our members unanimously affirm, in 
 every public place, that the Society expels none 
 without weighty causes; spewing out, as the sea, all 
 its dead .carcasses, &c. and let such causes also be 
 artfully insinuated, which have occasioned us any 
 ill-will, that their ejectment may appear to the world 
 with a more commendable grace. 
 
 III. In private exhortations, at people's houses, 
 let those be represented as persons very turbulent, 
 and continually importuning a re-admission into the 
 10 
 
110 SECRET INSTRUCTIONS 
 
 tern repetre ; exaggerenturque infortunia eorum qui 
 post dicessum a societate male perierunt. 
 
 4. Obviandum etiam erit accusa^ionibus, quas 
 demissi e societate facere possent, per auctoritatem 
 virorum gravium, qui passim declarent societatern 
 neminem sine gravi causa dimittere, neque prsescin- 
 dere sana membra ; quod confirmari potest per ze- 
 lum quern habet, et generatim ostendit societas erga 
 animas externorum, quanto magis erga domesticos 
 suos. 
 
 5. Deinde hujusmodi magnates aut prselati, apud 
 quos dimissi aliquid auctoritatis aut fidei sibi conci- 
 liare cceperint, omni genere beneficiorum a societate 
 prseveniendi sunt, ac obstringendi ; explicandurn illi's 
 quomodo bonum commune unius religionis tarn Cel- 
 ebris, quam utilis ecclesias, prseponderare debeat 
 bono privato qualiscumque personoe; quod si affec- 
 tus erga dimissos perseveret, juvabit causas dimissi- 
 onis exponere, et exaggerare etiam quas non adeo 
 certa sunt, modo per probabilem consequent! am de- 
 ducantur. 
 
 6. Omni modo praecavendum erit, ne prsesertim 
 ii, qui sua sponte societatem deseruerunt, promove- 
 
OF THE JESUITS. Ill 
 
 Society. And let their sad fate be industriously 
 aggravated, who, after exclusion, have happened to 
 come to an untimely or miserable end. 
 
 IV. Whatever accusations these bring against 
 us, let them be oppugned by the authority of some 
 grave members, who must every where declare that 
 the Society dismisses none but upon very good rea- 
 sons, nor ever lops off members that are sound ; 
 this must be confirmed by the zeal and concern we 
 show for the souls of all strangers in general : how 
 much greater must it therefore be for those who are 
 members of our order? 
 
 V. In the next place, let the Society, by all man- 
 ner of obligations, endeavor to prevail upon the 
 noblemen and prelates with whom the dismissed 
 may have any credit or authority, to deny them 
 their countenance ; and let it be shown that the com- 
 mon good of an order, which is as famous as it is 
 useful to the church, should always be preferred to 
 the private advantage of any particular person what- 
 soever ; and should they still retain an affection for 
 them, it will then be of importance to lay open the 
 causes of their expulsion, and even to aggravate 
 them with those we have no positive proof of, so 
 they can but be deduced by probable consequence. 
 
 VI. Let all possible care be taken to hinder the 
 promotion of such to offices and preferments in the 
 church, who of their own accord have relinquished 
 
112 SECRET INSTRUCTIONS 
 
 antur ad aliqua officia aut dignitates ecclesise, nisi se 
 suaque omnia societati submiserint et addixerint, 
 ita ut omnibus constare possit quod a societate om- 
 nino depend ere velint. 
 
 7. Procuretur tempori ut ab exercitio fonctio- 
 num celebriurn in ecelesia, ut sunt coneiones, con- 
 fession es, evulgationes liborcm, etc., quantum fieri 
 potest sint remoti, ne affectum et pluusum vulgi ubi 
 concilient. Eo fine diligentissime in vitam ac mo- 
 res illorum. erit inquirendum, necnon in sodalitm, oc- 
 cupationes, etc., et intentiones dimissi. Quocir.-a 
 efficiendum erit, ut cum aliquo e familia ilia, 
 quam dimissi incolunt, nostri peculiarem correspon- 
 dentiam habeant. Quamprimum autem quidpiam 
 minus laudabile, aut censura dignum deprehensum 
 fuerit, per personas inferioris ordinis nobis addictas 
 in vulgus dispergatur, deinde magnates vel prselatos, 
 qui dimissos fovent, futura3 inflimise indiciis tenean- 
 tur. Quod si nihil committant reprehensione dignum, 
 et laudabiliter se gerant, extenuentur argutis proposi- 
 tionibus, ambiguisque verbis eorum virtutes, opera- 
 que quae commendantur, donee eestimatio et fides 
 qua3 antea illis adhibebatur, imminuatur ; societa- 
 tis enim plane interest, dimissos et prsesertim eos, 
 qui earn sua sponte deseruerunt, prorsus supprimi. 
 
OF THE JESUITS. 113 
 
 the Society ; unless they submit themselves, and all 
 they have in the world, to our disposal, in such a 
 manner that it may plainly appear to every one they 
 are willing to have their whole dependance on us. 
 
 VII. Let them (as far as is possible) be timely 
 removed from the exercise of honorable functions in 
 the church, such as preaching, confessing, and pub- 
 lishing of books, &o. lest by these means they attract 
 the affection and applause of the people. The strict- 
 est inquiries must therefore be made into their lives, 
 manners, and conversations, what they apply them- 
 selves to, and their very intentions : to which end, 
 matters must be so managed, that we may keep up 
 a good correspondence with some of the family in 
 which they live, and the minute the least trip be 
 discovered, or any thing deserving censure, let it be 
 industriously spread abroad in the w r orld by some 
 of the lower rank of people, who are our friends, 
 that so the noblemen or prelates may be restrained 
 from showing them any farther countenance, for 
 fear of the scandal it may bring upon themselves ; 
 and should they behave so as to leave us no room 
 to find fault, let their virtues and laudable actions 
 be depreciated by subtile insinuation and doubtful 
 expressions ; till the esteem and credit they had for- 
 merly acquired be lessened in the opinion of the 
 world ; for it is altogether for the interest of the So- 
 ciety, that the dismissed, especially such as of their 
 own accord desert it, should be entirely kept under. 
 10* 
 
1 14 SECRET INSTRUCTIONS 
 
 8. Infortunia et eventus sinistri, qui illis acci- 
 dunt, quampriiniim divulgandi sunt, imploratis ta- 
 men precibus personarum piarum, ut nou credantur 
 nostri expassione procedure ; domi vero omnibus 
 modis exaggerentur, ut alii contineantur. 
 
 CAPUT XII. 
 Quinam conscrvari ac foveri in socle fate debeant. 
 
 1. Primum locum tenere debent strenui operarii, 
 qui, scilicet, non minus temporal e quam spirituale 
 societatis bonum promovent, quales sunt plerumque 
 confessarii principum ac magnatum, viduarum et 
 devotarum opulentarum, concionatores et professo- 
 res, et quicumque horum secretorum sunt conscii ; 
 
 2. Corruentes viribus et defecti setate, secundum 
 quod talenta sua pro bono societatis temporal i im- 
 penderunt, adeo ut habeatur decens ratio messis 
 prasteritse ; praeterquam quod adhuc apta instru- 
 menta sint ad deferendos superioribus defectus ordi- 
 narios quos in reliquis domesticis, cum perpetuo 
 domi sint animadvertunt. 
 
OF THE JESUITS. 115 
 
 YIII. Let the misfortunes, and unlucky acci- 
 dents which happen to them, be immediately pub- 
 lished ; but with entreaties for the prayers of good 
 Christians, that the world may not think we are 
 hurried away by passion : but, among our members, 
 let these things, by all means, be represented in the 
 blackest colors, that the rest may be the better 
 secured. 
 
 CHAPTER XII. 
 Who should be "kept, and favored i/i the Society. 
 
 I. Let diligent laborers, whose industry is equal- 
 ly bent on promoting the temporal, as the spiritual 
 interest of the Society, be always held in the great- 
 est esteem; of which sort are (generally speaking) 
 confessors of princes and noblemen, of widows and 
 rich t female devotees, preachers, professors, and 
 whoever are privy to these secret instructions. 
 
 II. The impaired in strength, and decrepid with 
 age, must be next considered, according as they 
 
 ^have employed their several talents for the tempo- 
 ral advantage of the Society ; that a greatful regard 
 may be shown to their past labors, and because they 
 may also (remaining always at home) be made use 
 of, to pry into the actions of the other domestics, 
 and communicate to the superiors a faithful account 
 of whatever miscarriages they shall be guilty of. 
 
116 SECRET INSTRUCTIONS 
 
 3. Dimittendi illi nun qua in erunt quantum fieri 
 poterit, ne societas male audiat. 
 
 4. Prxterea, fovendi quicumque ingenio, nobili- 
 tate, atit divitiis excellunt, praesertim si amicos et 
 consanguineos societati addictos habeant et poten- 
 tes, et revera ipsi sincere affectu erga societatem 
 sint, secundum explicationem supra datam. Mit- 
 tendi illi Romam, vel ad universitates celebriores ut 
 studeant ; si autem in provincial studuerint, peculi- 
 ari affectu et favore professorum sunt promovendi. 
 Quoadusque cessionem bonorum suorum fecerint? 
 societati, nihil illis denegetur, sed postquam illam 
 fecerunt, mortificentur, ut cseteri, sempert amen re- 
 spectu aliquo habito ad prseterita. 
 
 5. Erit etiam ratio peculiar is eorum apud supe- 
 riores, qui selectos aliquos juvenes ad societatem 
 allexerint quando quid em affectum suum erga socie- 
 tatem non par urn testati sunt ; sed quamdiu illi nori- 
 dum professi sunt. videndum ne nimium illis indul- 
 geatur, ne forte fortuna, quos ad societatem add uxe 
 runt, reducant. 
 
OF THE JESUITS. 117 
 
 III. These should scarce ever be dismissed, least 
 we bring an ill reputation upon the Society. 
 
 IV. Besides these, let all be caressed who are 
 distinguished either for their parts, nobility or riches, 
 especially if they have friends or relations who are 
 firm to our interests, possessed of power, and have 
 given convincing proofs of a sincere affection towards 
 us, according to the- method before laid down. Let 
 these be sent to Rome, or some other famous uni- 
 versities, to prosecute their studies; but if their in- 
 clinations lead them to do this in the province, let 
 them be encouraged by the particular affection and 
 favor of the professors, till they have surrendered to 
 us their effects let nothing be denyed them; but, 
 when once we have got them to do this, oblige them 
 then to mortification, like the rest, but not without 
 having a little regard to their past beneficence. 
 
 V. Let the superiors also show a particular re- 
 spect to such as have allured any clever youths into 
 the Society ; since this is no trifling testimony of 
 their affection for us: but till these are professed, 
 care must be taken not to give those too great in 
 diligence, for fear they should carry away again 
 those very persons they brought to us. 
 
118 SECRET INSTRUCTIONS 
 
 CAPUT XIII. * 
 
 De detectu juvenuin in societatem adinittendorum et 
 modo retinendi. 
 
 1. Summa prudentia contendendum est, ut dili- 
 gantur juvenes ingenio bono, forma non contem- 
 nencla, genere nobiles, aut quod minimum horum 
 all quo excel 1 en tes. 
 
 2. Ut facilius ad institutum nostrum pertrahan- 
 tur, peculiari affectu quamdiu student a praefectis 
 scholarum et magistris sunt prseveniendi ; extra 
 tempora scholse ab iisdem sunt instruendi, quam 
 gratum Deo sit, si quis illi se, et sua omnia, prseser- 
 tim in societate filii sui, consecret. 
 
 3. Ducantur occasione data per collegium et 
 hortum, irno aliquando etiam ad villas, et cum nos- 
 tris versentur tempore recreationum, et paulatim 
 fami Hares fiant, cavendo tamen ne familiaritas pa- 
 riat contemptum. 
 
 4. Non permittantur castigari, et in ordinern re 
 digi a prseceotoribus cum aliis discipulis. 
 
 5. Munusculis ac privilegiis variis, setati illorum 
 
OF THE JESUITS. / 119 
 
 CHAPTER XIII. / 
 
 How to pick out young men to be admitted into the 
 Society, and in what manner to retain them. 
 
 I. Let us endeavor, with the utmost prudence, 
 to pick out young men, of a good genius, an agreea- 
 ble personage, and noble family, or at least such as 
 excel in some one of these. 
 
 II. That they may, with greater ease, be drawn 
 to us, let the masters who have the care of their 
 instruction, both during, and also after school-time, 
 by a particular mildness, prepossess them in our 
 favor, and insinuate how acceptable an offering it is 
 to the Almighty, when any one dedicates himself, 
 and all that he has, to him ; especially in the So- 
 ciety of his Son. 
 
 III. At proper opportunities, let them be enter- 
 tained in our colleges and gardens, and sometimes 
 at our country-seats ; let them accompany our mem- 
 bers at times of recreation, and by little and little" 
 be drawn into a familiarity; but, however, with 
 such proper cautions as may prevent its breeding in 
 them contempt. 
 
 IV. Let not their masters be allowed to chastise, 
 nor keep them in subjection as the other scholars. 
 
 V. Let them be allured, by little presents, and 
 indulgence of liberties agreeable to their age ; and, 
 
120 SECRET INSTRUCTIONS 
 
 conformibus, divincicndi sunt, et max! me colloquiis 
 spiritualibus sunt aniniandi. 
 
 6. Inculcetur illis hcec fieri dispositione divina, 
 tanquam ad societatern electis prse tot aliis idem 
 gy mnasiuin frequentantibus. 
 
 7. Aliisoccasionibus, pncsertim exhortationibus, 
 terrendi sunt minis damnationis seternse, nis divinse 
 vocationi obtemperent. 
 
 8. Si sociatatem ingredi constantcr petant, dif- 
 feratui* illorum aclmissio, quamdiu constantes ma- 
 rient ; qujd si mutabiles appareant, quamprimum 
 et omnibus modis foveantur. 
 
 9. Admoneantur efficaciter ne ulli familiari sue, 
 et ne quidem par en ti bus vocationem suam aperi- 
 ant, priusquam admissi sint. Quod si deinde aliqua 
 illos tentatio resiliendi superveniat, in integro turn 
 ipsi, turn societas erit, et si ilia superata fuerit, sem- 
 per erit occasio illos rememoratione ejusdem postea 
 aniniandi si tcmpore novitiatus, aut post emissa 
 vota simplicia obveniat. 
 
 10. Quia ver6 maxima difficultas est in allicien- 
 
OF THE JESUITS. 121 
 
 above all, let their affections be warmed with spi- 
 ritual discourses. 
 
 VI. Let it be inculcated, that their being chosen 
 out of such a number, rather than any of their fel- 
 low-collegiates, is a most pregnant instance of divine 
 appointment. 
 
 VII. On other occasions, but especially in ex- 
 hortations, let them be terrified with denunciations 
 of eternal punishment, unless they accept of the 
 heavenly invitation. 
 
 VII f. The more earnestly they desire admission 
 into our Society, the longer let the grant of such 
 favor be deferred, provided at the same time they 
 seem sled fast in their resolution ; but if their minds 
 appear to be wavering, let all proper methods be 
 used for the immediate firing of them. 
 
 IX. Let them be strictly cautioned not to make 
 the least discovery of their call to any intimate 
 friends, not even so much as to their parents, be- 
 fore they are become one of us : that if afterwards 
 any temptation to fall off, arises, both they and the 
 Society will be wholly at their liberties ; and should 
 we get the better of such inclinations, it will always 
 be a handle, from their past irresolution, to stir 
 them up to a firmer perseverance for the future, if 
 this happens while they are novices, or after they 
 have made but simple vows. 
 
 X. But since the greatest difficulty occurs in 
 
 11 
 
122 SECRET INSTRUCTIONS 
 
 dis mngnatum, nobilium senatorum filiis, quandiu 
 apud parentes sunt, qui illos, ad succedendum illo- 
 rum officiis educant, persuadendum illis per amicos 
 potius quam per personas societatis, ut illos in aliis 
 provinciis, et remotis universitatibus collocent, in 
 quibus nostrl docent, praemissis instructionibus ad 
 professores de qualitate et conditionibus illorum, ut 
 afftfCtum. illorum, societati facilius et certius con- 
 cilient. 
 
 11. Quando ad setatem aliquo modo maturam 
 pervenerint, inducendl erunt ad facienda aliqua exer- 
 cilia spiritualia, quse in Gernianis et Polonis ssepe 
 bonum successum habuerunt. 
 
 12. Perturbationibus et afflictionibus illorum 
 occurrenduiTi erit, pro qualitate et condilione unius- 
 cujusque adhibitis demonstrationibus, et exhortati- 
 onibus privatis de malo siiccessu divitiarum, etbono 
 vocationis non contemnendo sub poena infernalis. 
 
 13. Apud parentes ut facilius fill or um suorurn 
 desiderio in societatem ingrediendi condescendant, 
 ostendatur excellentio instituti sooietatis, prce aliis 
 religionibus, sanctitatis, et doctrinse patrum nostro- 
 
OF THE JESUITS. 
 
 123 
 
 drawing in the sons of noblemen, persons of distinc- 
 tion, arid senators, while they are under the wing of 
 their parents, who endeavor to train them up to 
 succeed in their employments ; let our friends, rather 
 than members, persuade them to send their chil- 
 dren into other provinces, and remote universities, 
 wherein some of our order are tutors ; private in- 
 structions, concerning their quality and condition, 
 being first transmitted, that they may be the better 
 enabled, by touching upon right strings, to secure 
 their affection to the Society. 
 
 XI. When they are more advanced in age, let 
 them be enticed to the performance of some spi- 
 ritual exercises, this method having been attended 
 with very good success among the Germans and 
 Polanders. 
 
 XII. In troubles and afflictions we must admin- 
 ister comfort to every one according to their several 
 qualities and conditions, by laying before them how 
 often riches are a curse to the possessors, and pri- 
 vately exhort them not to contemn the call of God, 
 the doing which exposes the offender to no less a 
 penalty than that of hell-fire. 
 
 XIII. That parents may more readily condescend 
 to their sons desires of becoming members of our 
 Society, it will be highly expedient to extol the ex- 
 cellence of its institutions, in comparison of that of 
 all other orders; the sanctity and learning of our 
 
124 SECRET INSTRUCTIONS 
 
 rum, sestimatio Integra apud omnes, honor et ap- 
 plausus universalis, qui socletatis a summis et a 
 minimis defertur; et recenseatur numerus princi- 
 pum et magnatum, qui magno anirni sui solatio in 
 bac societate Jesu vixerunt, et mortui simt, et tiain 
 niinc vivunt. Ostendatur quam gratum Deo sit 
 quod juvenes sese illi mancipent, prsesertim in so- 
 cietate filiii sui, et quam bonum sit viro, cum por- 
 feiverit jugain Domini ab adolescentia sua. Quod 
 si de teneritudine et minus perfecta cetate discepte- 
 tur, declaretur facilitas instituti nostri quod prseter 
 trium votorum observationem, nihii aliud quod 
 value molestum sit continet, et quod valde spectan 
 dum est, nullam regulam obligare, ne quidem sub 
 pcccato veniali. 
 
 CAPUT XIV. 
 
 * 
 
 DQ casibus reservatis, et causa dimittendi e *Sb- 
 cietdte. 
 
 1. Prxter casus expresses in constitutionibus, a 
 quibus solus superior aut confessarius ordinarius, 
 cum ejus licentia, absolvere poterit, sunt sodomia, 
 
OF THE JESUITS. 125 
 
 brethren, the unspotted character they maintain 
 among all, and the universal honor and applause they 
 meet with every where, from persons of all qualities 
 and degrees. Let an enumeration be made of the 
 princes and noblemen, who, to the great comfort of 
 their souls, lived in this Society of Jesus, and are 
 dead, and yet live. Let us show that nothing is 
 more pleasing to God, than that young men should 
 devote themselves entirely to him, especially as 
 companions in the Society of his Son ; and that it is 
 one of the greatest felicities, for a man, from his 
 youth, to bear the yoke of the Lord : but if any 
 difficulties be started, by reason of the tenderness 
 of their age, let the easiness of our institution be ex- 
 plained, which contains nothing in it very difficult 
 to be observed, except the keeping of three vows ; 
 and (which is very remarkable) not any one rule, 
 whose non-observance would be the commission 
 even of a venial sin. 
 
 CHAPTER XIV. 
 
 Of reserved cases, and causes of dismission frork 
 the Society. 
 
 I. Besides the cases already mentioned in our 
 statutes, in which the superior only, or the ordinary 
 confessor, by his authority, has power to absolve ; 
 11* 
 
126 SECRET INSTRUCTIONS 
 
 mollities, fornicatio, adulterium, stuprum, tactus im- 
 pudicus maris aut feminoe, prteterea, si quis qua- 
 cumquezeli causa aut occaslone quomodolibet quid- 
 quam grave moliatur contra societatem, ej usque 
 lionorem aut utilitatem, quae etiani omnes sunt 
 justae causse dimissionis. 
 
 2. Quod si quis aliquid hujusmodi confiteatur 
 sacramental iter, non prius absolvatur, quam pro- 
 miserit se extra confessionem superior! manifesta- 
 tururn per se, vel per confessarium ; turn superior 
 concludet, pro bono communi societatis, quod me- 
 lius videbitur ; et si certa spes "sit criminis occul- 
 tandi, conform! poenitentia plectendus erifc, sin vero 
 quamprimum dimittendus ; caverit sibi iterim con- 
 fcssarius dicere poenitenti ilium periclitari de de- 
 missione. 
 
 3. Si quis ex nostris confessariis audiverit ab 
 aliqua persona externa, quod cum aliquo e societate 
 rem turpem commiserit, non earn prius absolvat, 
 quam extra confessionem aperuerit nomen illius 
 cum quo peccavit; quod si dixerit, adhuc non ab- 
 solvatur, nisi jurejurando se obstrinxerit se riun- 
 quam id ulli mortal! um revelaturum sine consensu 
 societatis. 
 
 4. Si duo ex nostris carnal iter peccaverint, si 
 prior manifestaverit, in societate retineatur, alter 
 
OF THE JESUITS. 127 
 
 there are others, namely, sodomy, effeminacy, for- 
 nication, adultery, uncleanness, unseemly commerce 
 with man or woman ; the commission also of any 
 heinous offence against the Society, its honor or in* 
 terest, whether through zeal or otherwise ; all which 
 also are just causes of expulsion. 
 
 IT. But if any one at the sacrament confess sins 
 of this kind, till promise be made, out of confession 
 to discover them to the superior, either himself, or 
 by his confessor, let not absolution be given him ; 
 and then let the superior take such resolutions as 
 shall tend most to the common good of the Society, 
 but if there be hopes of smothering the crime, let it 
 then be punished with an adequate penance : but if 
 not, let him, as soon as possible, be expelled ; let 
 the confessor however be always very cautious not 
 to inform the penitent that he is in danger of it. 
 
 III. If it come to the ear of any of our confess- 
 ors, that a strange woman has had to do with a 
 member of the Society; let her not be absolved 
 before she has discovered his name, out of confess 
 ion ; and even when this is done, let her by no means 
 receive absolution till she has further obliged herself, 
 by an oath, never to reveal it to any one living with- 
 out our consent. 
 
 IV. If two of our members have carnally sinned, 
 let the first that discovers it be retained, and the 
 
128 SECRET INSTRUCTIONS 
 
 dimittatur; sed deinde si qui detinetur ita mortifi- 
 cetur et undequaque affligatur, ut prse tsedio et im- 
 patientia occasionem det dimissioni, quee statim ar- 
 ripiatur. 
 
 5. Poterit etiam societas, cum sit corpus nobile 
 et prasstans in ecclesia, a se prasseindere Imjusmodi 
 personas, quue ad instituti nostri executionem minus 
 idonese videbuntur, quamvis initio satisfecerint, et 
 facile) invenietur occasio ; si, nempe continue vexeh- 
 tur, et omnia fiant contra illorum inclinationem, sub- 
 jiciantur superioribus tetricis, arceantur a studiis ac 
 functionibus honorificentioribus, etc., donee obmur- 
 murent. 
 
 G. Retinendi etiam nullatenus sunt, qui aut su- 
 perioribus palam insurgunt, aut palam aut clam 
 apud socios, ac potissimum externos conqueruntur ; 
 item qui apud domesticos vel externos mod urn 
 agendi societatis, quoad acquisitionem aut adminis- 
 trationem bonorum temporalium condemnant, vel 
 alias rationes agendi, verbi gratia, conculcandi ac 
 supprimendi male affectos erga societatem, vel di- 
 missos. etc., qui Venotos, Francos, aut alios a qui- 
 
OF THE JESUITS. 129 
 
 other expelled : but let him that stays with us be 
 mortified and plagued with such intolerable disci- 
 pline, that we may drive him to commission, of 
 some fresh offence which will afford a good handle 
 for spewing him out; and the first time it offers, be 
 sure to lay hold on it. 
 
 V. As the Society is a body, both noble and 
 excellent in the church, it has authority to lop off 
 such members, who, though at their entrance they 
 might seem fit for our purpose, should afterwards 
 prove unqualified for the execution of our designs. 
 To effect this, a method may easily be found, to wit, 
 by continually using them hardly, and doing every 
 thing contrary to their inclinations ; by subjecting 
 them to severe superiors; and by forcing them from 
 the more honorable studies and functions, till they 
 begin to murmur against such usage. 
 
 VI. Nor let such by any means be retained as 
 either openly oppose their superiors, or, in public 
 or private, make complaints against them to their 
 fel low-members, but especially to strangers ; or such 
 as condemn, to their associates, or strangers, the 
 conduct of the Society in the amassing or manage- 
 ment of temporal goods, or any other of our methods 
 of proceeding ; as for instance, our suppressing, and 
 keeping under all either disaffected to, or expelled 
 from our order, &c. or that admit in conversation, 
 or defend the Venetians, French^ or others, who by 
 
130 SECRET INSTRUCTIONS 
 
 bus societas pulsa, et gravia damna passa est, in 
 colloquiis ferunt aut defendant. 
 
 7. A?ite dimissionem, acerrime agitandi sunfc ii 
 qui demittentur, arnovendi a consuetis officiis, et mo 
 do huic, modo illi applicandi. interim quantumcum- 
 que bene prsestiterint, reprehendendi, eoque titulo 
 alteri applicandi ; pro leviori culpa quam forte com- 
 miserint graves poense assignentur, confundantur 
 publice usque ad impalientiam, tandemque tanquam 
 aliis perniciosi dimittantur ; ad hoc autem locus, de 
 quo minime opinantur, eligatur. 
 
 8. Si de aliquo nostrorum spes certa sit de ob- 
 tinendo episcopatu, aut alia dignitate ecclesiastica, 
 prseter consueta societatis vota, cogatur alter uni 
 emittere, qu6d semper bene de institute societatis 
 sensurus sit, ac dicturus, neque alio confessario quam 
 qui de societate sit ; utetur, quin im6 se in nullis re- 
 bus alicujus momenti quidquam dispositurum, nisi 
 audito judicio societatis. Quod quia cardinalis To- 
 letus non observavit, societas a sancta sede impe- 
 travit ut posthic null us maranus, perfidas judai'cae 
 aut mahorneticce hseres admittatur, qui tale votum 
 ?restare noluerit, et tanquam acerrimus societatis 
 
OF THE JESUITS. 131 
 
 hindering us from getting a footing among them, 
 have done the Society intolerable damages. 
 
 VII. Before the time of their dismission, let them 
 be treated with the utmost severity, removed from 
 their usual duties, and hurried about from one to 
 another; and though they do whatever you task 
 them, yet always rind fault, and under this pretence 
 remove them to some other. For the slightest 
 offence, though inadvertently committed, be sure 
 you subject them to a heavy punishment; in public, 
 constantly abash them, till they are able no longer 
 to bear it. and then turn them out, as persons whose 
 example may be pernicious to others ; and for this 
 purpose, choose such place and opportunity, as they 
 never in the least thought of. 
 
 VIII. If any of our order has certain expectations 
 of a bishoprick, or other ecclesiastical preferment, 
 let him, besides the usual vows of the Society, be 
 obliged to make another; namely, That he will 
 always entertain a favorable opinion, and on all 
 occasions speak honorably of us ; that he will never 
 confess, but to one of our members, nor determine, 
 in any affair of moment, without first consulting the 
 judgment of the Society: for non-observance of 
 which by cardinal Tolet, our order obtained from 
 the holy see, that no Maran (descended from the 
 perfidious race of Jews and Mahometans,} who will 
 not oblige himself to perform such a vow, should 
 never, for the future, bo admitted among us ; but 
 
132 SECRET INSTRUCTIONS 
 
 hostis quantumctimque Celebris esset, dimittatur. 
 
 CAPUT XV. 
 
 Quomodo agendum cum monialibus, et devotariis. 
 
 1. Caveant valde confessarii et concionatores 
 ofifendere moniales, aut illis dare occasionem tenta- 
 tionis contra vocationem ; sed contra, afFeciu potis- 
 simuin superiorum sibi conciliate, procurent confes- 
 siones saltern extraordinarias excipere, et conciones 
 apud eas facere, si gratitudinem illarum viceisshn ex- 
 periantur ; multuin enim juvare sociatatem possunt 
 nobiles, pefesertim ac divites abbaLise, turn per se, 
 turn per parentes ac amicos suos, adeo ut niediante 
 notitia primariorurn monasteriorum paulatim in no- 
 titiarn et amicitias totius fese civitatis societas ve- 
 nire possit. 
 
 2. Vitandum tamen ex altera parte devotabus 
 nostris, ne monasteria feminaruiu frequentent, ne 
 videndi ratio ilia ipsis magis arrideat, et sic societas 
 expectatiorie omnium bonorum, quse possident. frus- 
 tretur. Inducantur vero ad prsestandum votum 
 
OF THE JESUITS. 133 
 
 immediately expelled as a most virulent enemy, 
 though a person of ever so great fame and reputation. 
 
 CHAPTER XV. 
 
 Of our conduct towards nuns and female devotees. 
 
 I. Let the confessors and preachers be very cau- 
 tious of offending nuns, or of leading them into any 
 even the least temptation contrary to their calling; 
 but, on the other hand, having by all means gained 
 the affection of the governesses, let them manage so 
 as at least to take their extraordinary confessions, 
 and preach to them, if they find them forward in 
 making grateful returns: for persons descended from 
 noble families, especially rich abbesses, are capable 
 of being very serviceable to us, either through their 
 own, or the interest of their parents and friends ; so 
 that by currying favor with the principal monasteries, 
 the Society may by degrees get an acquaintance, 
 and work themselves into the friendship of almost 
 the whole city. 
 
 II. Yet, on the other side, let our female devo- 
 tees be forbidden to frequent nunneries, lest they 
 should be most taken with that kind of life, and we 
 thereby be baulked in our expectations of what they 
 have. But let them be induced to the performance 
 of their vow of chastity and obedience, by the caro 
 
 12 
 
134 SECRET INSTRUCTIONS 
 
 castitatis et obedientiae in manibus confessarii sni, 
 ostendaturque illam vivendi rationem esse con for- 
 me m primitives ecclesiae moribus, utpote lucentem 
 in domo, et nou sub modio sine proximi aedificati- 
 one ac fructu animarum ; praeterquam quud exem- 
 plo viduarum evangelicarum Christo in sociis suis 
 benefaciant de substantial sua : denique omnia quae 
 in praejudicium claustralis vitse sunt, exponantur, 
 eique applicent, hujusmodi instructiones illis sub se- 
 cret! sigillo comniunicent, ne forte ad aures religio- 
 sorum perveniant. 
 
 CAPUT XVI. 
 De contemptu divitiarum palam pros seferendo. 
 
 1. Ne saecu lares nobis adscribant nimium affec- 
 tum erga divitias, juvabit nonnunquam recusare 
 eleemosynas minoris momenti, quag pro officiis a so- 
 cietate praastitis offeruntur, quanquam ab iis qui 
 ornnino nobis sunt addicti, etiam mini mas quascum- 
 que acceptare conveniat, ne avaritiaa arguamur, si 
 tantum dona insigniora admittamus. 
 
OF THE JESUITS. 18 
 
 of their confessor, by his showing them that such 
 method of living is conformable- to the purity of the 
 primitive church, being as a candle which diffuses 
 its light through the whole house, and not hid under 
 a busk^l, and consequently contributing nothing to 
 the eomcation of our neighbor, or the good of souls; 
 and, like the good widov^s in the gospel, that they 
 should communicate of their substance to Christ, by 
 their bounty to his companions. Lastly, let every 
 argument be applied which may create in them an 
 aversion to a recluse life; but let all these instruc- 
 tions be delivered to them under the strictest obliga- 
 tions to secresy, lest other orders shoujfi happen to 
 hear of them. 
 
 CHAPTER XVI. 
 
 In what manner we must outwardly feign a contempt 
 of riches. 
 
 I. Lest the seculars should represent us as too 
 much hankering after riches, it will be proper now 
 and then to refuse such small and trifling alms as 
 are offered for performance of pious offices ; though 
 of such as are thoroughly attached to our interest, 
 we must readily accept whatever they give us, lest 
 \ve bring upon ourselves the imputation of covetous- 
 ness for our swallowing nothing but presents of 
 value. 
 
136 SECRET INSTRUCTIONS 
 
 2. Negandse erunt sepultures personis vilibus in 
 templis nostris, quair.vis valde addicti fuerint socie- 
 tati, ne videamur pluralitate mortuorum divitias ve- 
 nari, et constet de beneficiis qua? a mortuo redpimus. 
 
 W 
 
 3. Cum yiduis aliisqife personis, qua3 societati 
 pleraque sua dederunt, agendum erit valde resolute 
 et acrius coeteris paribus, quain cum aliis, ne vide- 
 amur propter considerationem bonorum tempora- 
 lium illis favere plus quam cseteris. Imo idem ob- 
 servari conduit respectu illorum qui in societate 
 sunt, sed postquam bonorum suorum cessionem et 
 resignationem in favorem societatis fecerint; et si 
 necesse sit, a societate dimittantur, sed omni curn 
 discretione, ut saltern partem eorum quse societati 
 dederunt ei relinquant, aut morientes testarnento 
 legent. 
 
 CAPUT XVII. 
 
 De medlis promovendi societatem. 
 
 1. In primis in hoc incumbant omnes, ut etiam 
 in rebus parvi momenti unuin semper sentiant et 
 saltern exterius dicant; sic enim quantumcumque 
 
y 
 
 OF THE JESUITS. 137 
 
 II. Let burial in our churches be denied to per- 
 sons of a base character, although, in their life-times,? 
 they have been ever so much our friends, lest the 
 world should surmise that we hunt after riches by 
 the numbers of the deceased, and come to a know 
 ledge 8f what we gain by them. 
 
 III. Let widows and others who have given u? 
 almost all they possessed, (though then they are on 
 equal footing with others,) be treated with much 
 more rigor ; lest people should imagine their greater 
 indulgence proceeds from our hopes of secular ad- 
 vantages. The same method should be also observed 
 with such as are in the Society, but this must be 
 after they have entirely given up all into our hands; 
 and if ever after there be a necessity for it, let them 
 be dismissed ; but this must be done with such dis- 
 cretion, that they may be induced to leave to the 
 order, part at least of what they formerly gave us 
 or bequeath it by will, at the time of their death. 
 
 CHAPTER XVII. 
 Of the methods of advancing the Society. 
 
 I. Let our members chiefly endeavor at this, 
 always to act with humanity, even in things of tri 
 fling moment ; or at least to have the outward appear 
 ance of doing so ; for by this means, whatever con- 
 12* 
 
138 SECRET INSTRUCTIONS 
 
 res muncL hujus turbidae fuerint, societas semper 
 necessario augebitur et confirmabitur. 
 
 2. Sic omnes lucere nitantur doctrina et exem- 
 plis, lit reliqui religiosi, prsesertim ii qui de clero 
 sunt, pastores, etc., superentur, tandemquefRilgua 
 oirmia a nostris tantuin praestari optet ; quin imo 
 hoc paKim dicatur, non requiri in pastoribus doctri- 
 na ra. tan tarn, mod 5 suo munere bene fungantur, 
 consilio enini societatem juvare posse, quoe idcirc6 
 studia summopere commendata habet. 
 
 3. Fovendi reges ac principes hac doctrina. 
 quid fides cat hoi i en in present! statu persistere ne- 
 qneat sine politismo, sed ad hoc magna opus discre- 
 tione ; hac ratione nostri grati erunt magnatibus, et 
 ad intimiora consilia adhibebuntur. 
 
 4. Foveri poterunt novis lectissimis et certissi- 
 rais undequaque transcriptis. 
 
 5. Neque par urn conferet si magnatum et prin- 
 cipum dissensiones caute ac secreto nutriantur, 
 etiam cum mutua viriuni infractione. Qu6d si ani- 
 madverteretur verisimiliter conciliandos, societas 
 
OF THE JESUITS. 139 
 
 fusions may arise in the world, the Society of neces- 
 sity will always increase and maintain its ground. 
 
 II. Let all earnestly endeavor so to shine in their 
 learning and good example, that other religious 1 
 especially those of the clergy, &c, may be eclipsed, 
 and the common people at length drawn in to re- 
 quest us to discharge every office. And let it be 
 also publicly declared, that a very great fund of 
 learning is not so absolutely necessary in pastors, 
 provided in all other respects they discharge their 
 duty as they ought; for the Society can assist with 
 advice on emergencies, for which reason it has good 
 offices of this sort in a particular esteem. 
 
 III. Let kings and princes be kept up in this 
 principle, that the Catholic faith, as matters now ,| 
 stand, cannot subsist without the civil power, which \ 
 however must be managed with the greatest discre- 
 tion. By this means our members will work them- 
 selves into the favor of persons in the highest post 
 of government, and consequently be admitted into 
 their most secret councils. 
 
 IV. It will be also proper to entertain their curi- 
 osity with the newest, choicest, and most genuine 
 transcripts that can be purchased from all places. 
 
 V. Nor will it contribute a little to our advan- 
 tage, if, with caution and secrecy ., we foment and ^ 
 heighten the animosities that arise among princes 
 and great men } even to such a degree that they may 
 
140 SECRET INSTRUCTIONS 
 
 quamprimum illos pacificare contendet, ne aliunde 
 praeveniatur. 
 
 6. Ingeneranda omnibus mod is, prsesertim vulgo 
 et tnagnatibus, opinio de societatis erection e per sin- 
 gularem providentiam divinam, juxta prophetias 
 Joachimi abbatis, ad hoc ut ecclesia depressa ad hse- 
 reticis elevetur. 
 
 7. Turn magnatum et episcoporum gratia ob- 
 tenta, occupandi pastoratus et canonicatus, ad refor- 
 mationem cleri exactiorern, qui olim sub certa regu- 
 la cum episcopis suis vivebant, et ad perfectionem 
 tendebant ; ac tandem ad abbatias et preelaturas as- 
 pirandum, quas attenta ignavia ac stupiditate mona- 
 chorum, ubi vacaverint, non erit difficile assequi ; 
 etenim ex re ecclesias omnino foret, si omnes episco- 
 patus a societate tenerentur, im6 sedes apostolica 
 possideretur ; prsesertim si pontifex bonorum om- 
 nium princeps temporalis fieret, quare omni ratione 
 temporal i a societatis, prud enter tamen et secret6 
 paulatim extendenda, neque dubium quin tune au- 
 rea ssecula et pax continua ac universalis, et con- 
 sequenter benedictio divina ecclesiam comitaretur. 
 
OP THE JESUITS. 141 
 
 weaken each other. But if there appear any likeli- 
 hood of reconciliation, then as soon as possible let us 
 endeavor to be the mediators, lest others prevent us. 
 
 VI. The nobility .and populace must, by all 
 methods, be persuaded into a. belief that the Society 
 was instituted by the particular direction of divine 
 providence, according to the prophecies of the abbot 
 Jackim, that by this means the church, though de- 
 pressed by the attempts of heretics, may be raised 
 again to its primitive lustre. 
 
 VII. The favor of the nobility and superior clergy, 
 once got, our next aim must be to draw all cures 
 and canonships into our possession, for the more 
 complete reformation of the clergy, who heretofore 
 lived under certain regulation of their bishops, and 
 made considerable advances towards perfection. 
 And lastly, let us aspire to abbacies and bishoprics, 
 the obtaining which, when vacancies happen, will 
 very easily be effected, considering the supineness 
 and stupidity of the monks ; for it would entirely 
 tend to the benefit of the church, that all bishoprics, 
 and even the apostolical see, should be hooked into 
 our hands, especially should his holiness ever be- 
 come a temporal prince over all. Wherefore, let 
 no methods be untried, with cunning and privacy, 
 by degrees, to increase the worldly interests of the 
 Society, and then, no doubt, a golden age will go 
 hand in hand with an universal and lasting peace, 
 
142 SECRET INSTRUCTIONS 
 
 8. Quod si spes non afFulgeat ad hcec pervenien 
 di, cum equidem necesse sit. ut vend iant scandal a, 
 protempore invertendus erit status politicus, et'inci- 
 tandi principes nostris familiariter utentes ad bella 
 mntua.et importuna ; ut sic ubique societas implo- 
 retur ac impendatur reconciliationi publicse, ut corn- 
 munis boni auctrix, et primariis beneficiis et digni- 
 tatibus eoclesiasticis compensetur. 
 
 9. Denique hoc saltern conabitur societas effi- 
 cere, acquisita principum gratia et auctoritate, ut 
 ab iis a quibus non amatur, saltern timeatur. 
 
OF THE JESUITS. 143 
 
 and the divine blessing of consequence attend the 
 catholic church. 
 
 VJII. But if our hopes in this sfcould be blasted, 
 and since offences of necessity will corne, our politi- 
 cal schemes must be cunningly varied, according to 
 the different posture of the times; and princes, our 
 intimates, whom we can influence to follow our coun- 
 cils, must be pushed on to embroil themselves in 
 vigorous wars one with another, to the end, our So- 
 ciety (as promoters of the universal good of the 
 world,) may on all hands be solicited to contribute 
 its assistance, and always employed in being media- 
 tors of public dissensions : by this means the chief 
 benefices and preferments in the church will, of 
 course, be given to us by way of compensation for 
 our services. 
 
 IX. Finally, the Society must endeavor to effect 
 this at least, that having got the favor and authority ^ . 
 of princes, those who do not love them at least fear ! 
 them. 
 
 END OF 6ECKET INSTRUCTIONS. 
 
 J 
 
 - , 
 
MORALITY OF THE JESUITS. 
 
 Lemoyne, Prop. 1. page 86. " A Christian may deliberately discard his 
 Christian character, and act as other men, in those things which are not 
 properly Christian !" 
 
 Alagona, Thorn. Aquin. Sum. Theol. Compend. Queft. 94, p. 230. "Ex 
 mandalo Dei licet occidere, &c." By the command of God, it is lawful 
 to murder the innocent, to rob, and to commit all lewdness, because he is 
 Lord of life, and ueath, and all things; and thus to fulfil his mandate is 
 our duty ! 
 
 HIGH TREASON. Philopater, Respons. ad Edict Sec, 2, Num. 157, 
 158, page 106. " All theologians and ecclesiastical lawyers affirm, that 
 evory Christian government, as soon as they openly abandon the Roman 
 faitii, instantly are degraded from all power and dignity, by human and 
 dicif/e right; all their subjects are absolved from the oath of fidelity and 
 obedience which they have taken; and they may and ought, if they have 
 the power, to drive such a government from every Christian state, ns an 
 apostate, heretic, and deserter from Jesus Christ, and a declared enemy 
 to their republic. This certain and indubitable decision of all the 
 most learned men is perfectly conformed to Apostolic doctrine /" 
 
 IJTenriquez, Sum. Theol. Moral. Vol. 1, Lib. 14. Cap. 10, page 860 "If 
 an adulterous priest, aware of his danger, having visited an adulteress, 
 is assailed by her husband, kills the man in his own defence, he is not 
 criminal." 
 
 Fagundez, Precept. Decalojr. Vol. 1. Lib. 4. Cap. 2, page 501, 655, and 
 Vol. 2, Lib. 8, Cap. 32, page 39*0. "Papist children may accuse thfir 
 parents for heresy, although they know that their parents will be burnt 
 for it." 
 
 Amicufi, Num.131. "A Priest may kill those who Jiinder Mm 
 from taking possession of any ecclesiastical office" 
 
 Ewobar, Theolog. Moral. Vol. 4. Lib. 82, Sec. 2, Prob. 5, page 274- 
 " It is lawful to kill an accuser whose testimony may jeopard your 
 life and honor " 
 
 Cardenas, Crisis Theolog. Diss. 23, Cap. 2, Art. 1, page 474. " Servants 
 may secretly steal from their masters as much as they judge their labor 
 Is worth more than the wages which they receive." To this agrees 
 Taberna. 
 
 Gordonns, Theolog. Moral. Univ. Lib. 5, Quest. 8, Cap 4, page 826. 
 "A woman may take the property of her husband to supply her spiritual 
 wants, and to act like other women " 
 
 Taberna, Vol. 2. Pars. 2, Tract. 2, Cap. 31, page 288. "Is a witness 
 bound to declare the truth before a lawful judge ? No if his deposition 
 will injure himself or his posterity; or if he be a Priest, for a Priest 
 cannot be forced to testify before a secular judge." 
 
 Molina, Vol. ?>, Disput. 16, page 1768. "Priests may kill the Laity 
 to preserve their goods," &c. &c. 
 
 At a very early period after the establishment of the order of Jesuits, 
 the civil and ecclesiastical authorities of France proclaimed that "The 
 Society was dangerous to the Christian faith, disturbers of the peace, 
 and more fitted to corrupt than to edify." 
 
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