MAIN 
 
 DEPT. 
 
 BIOLOGY 
 
 LIBRARY 
 
 G 
 

MATERIALS FOR A MONOGRAPH 
 
 OF THE 
 
 NORTH AMERICAN ORTHOPTERA. 
 
 BY 
 
 SAMUEL H. SCUDDER 
 
 [From the Boston Journal of Natural History, Vol. VII. No. 3.] 
 
 CAMBRIDGE: 
 PRINTED BY H. O. HOUGHTON. 
 
 1862. 
 

 BIOLOGY 
 
 LIBRARY 
 
 G 
 
 MAiN . LTURE DEFT. 
 
ART* VIIL Materials for a Monograph of the North 
 American Orthoptera^ including a Catalogue of the known 
 New England Species. By SAMUEL H. SCUDDER. 
 
 [Read May 21st, 1862.] 
 
 THE North American Orthoptera have been very much 
 neglected, very little special attention having been paid 
 to them ; for besides the earlier general works of Lin- 
 neus, Fabricius, De Geer, Stoll, and Palisot de Beauvais, 
 and the more recent ones of Burmeister and Serville, 
 which included descriptions of North American Orthop- 
 tera among others, the only other notices of our species 
 have been in the few scattered descriptions by Say, Hal- 
 deman, Kirby, Girard, and myself, if we except only these 
 two : Harris's mention of the New England Orthoptera 
 in his " Report on Insects of New England Injurious to 
 
 JOURNAL B. S. N. H. 52 NOVEMBER, 1862. 
 
 51723: 
 
410 * $La}erj,alS'Jor a Monograph 
 
 "Vegetation," which, though very meagre indeed, is yet a 
 fuller treatment of them than has been given by him to 
 any other group in his Report ; and De Saussure's short 
 diagnoses of new species in the " Revue et Magasin de 
 Zoologie," about three years since, which have reference 
 principally to tropical forms. 
 
 My earliest intention in this paper was to restrict my- 
 self to a critical revision of the Orthoptera of New Eng- 
 land, known to me, whether described or undescribed; 
 and this has continued to be the main purpose of the 
 article, in its present form, more enlarged, because it 
 was readily seen that a much better understanding might 
 be obtained of the peculiarities of its fauna by compar- 
 isons, the more extended the better, with species closely 
 allied from without its limits. This has been the case, 
 particularly among the Locustarice ; and it is hoped that 
 some better understanding may thereby be had of the 
 Orthopteran fauna of the whole of North America.* 
 
 To further my purposes I solicited the assistance of 
 many of my friends, and have invariably received their 
 kindest cooperation. The original collection of Dr. T. W. 
 Harris, in the Society's possession, has been invaluable to 
 me ; for by it I have been enabled to know exactly the 
 extent of his knowledge of our fauna, as well as to de- 
 termine his species directly from his types. The collec- 
 tion of the Museum of Comparative Zoology has been 
 of great assistance to me, containing as it does many 
 species I could not otherwise have seen from the southern 
 
 * The whole number of species mentioned is 115, of which 78 are found in New 
 England, distributed among the different families as follows: 
 
 Whole No. From New England. 
 
 Forficulariae .- : ;: -'V' "' ? - ' : "" *''.>'*, 2 2 
 
 Blattariae .,;,,.- ,4- : -. ; - i ..-f ,-...../> ,,i>,j' : 9 7 
 
 Phasmida . . . f . . ; . . . . 1 1 
 
 Gryllides '.'^ ; 'L '" ''v' -^ V 14 11 
 
 Locustariae * ^>-s .- .' a'. >.]. . . 41 16 
 
 Acrydii . ,,../- .,, .. ._ ..... ( < . . 48 41 
 
 115 78 
 
of the North American Orthoptera. 411 
 
 and western portions of our country, besides the New 
 England collection of Mr. A. Agassiz. To Mr. P. R. 
 Uhler, of Baltimore, - almost the only one in our coun- 
 try who studies the Orthoptera, I am greatly indebted, 
 both for many valuable suggestions, and for some very 
 interesting insects from various parts of our Union, and 
 especially for the opportunity of examining many species 
 of CeuthophiluSi new to me. From Mr. F. G. Sanborn 
 I have received very rich collections from Massachusetts, 
 including the Orthoptera of the State Cabinet. My thanks 
 are also due to Miss A. M. Edmands, of Cambridge ; 
 Messrs. C. A. ShurtlefF, of Brookline, Mass. ; Edward 
 Norton, of Farmington, Conn* ; and A. S. Packard, Jr., 
 of Brunswick, Me., who have generously placed all their 
 collections from their several vicinities in my hands, and 
 to Mr. C. Thomas, of Murphysboro', Illinois, for many 
 specimens from that State. By my own collections along 
 the route taken by Sir John Richardson in Northwest 
 America, I have been enabled to determine the few species 
 described by Kirby, as well as to add others to its fauna, 
 and by specimens collected for a number of years in the 
 New England States, to add considerably to my material 
 for this investigation* 
 
 Such have been my opportunities for the study of our 
 Orthoptera, so far as native species are concerned ; but 
 there have also been of very material assistance to me in 
 generic determinations, - the large series of European 
 Orthoptera in the Cambridge Museum, and a very fully 
 represented and beautiful collection of European species 
 which I have received from Herrn Brunner von Wattenwyl, 
 who has in his possession the original collection which 
 formed the basis of Fischer's elaborate work. 
 
 I have only made mention in this paper of species 
 which I have myself seen, with but a single exception 
 Ceuthophilus scabripes, and have endeavored to verify 
 
412 Materials for a Monograph 
 
 every synonymical reference. Of the work of Stoll, I 
 have only been able to make a hasty examination, with- 
 out the opportunity of direct comparison with specimens ; 
 and the references to Palisot de Beauvais are not so com- 
 plete as they would have been had I ever seen a perfect 
 copy. In my references to Harris's Report, I have quoted 
 the last (third) edition only, because it is better known, 
 has illustrations of many species, and there has been no 
 essential alteration in the text of the three editions. To 
 those who would not otherwise understand the claim of 
 prior description in some cases, I would say that the first 
 edition was published in 1841. I have also made full ref- 
 erences to his " Catalogue of the Insects of Massachu- 
 setts," (published in 1835, in Hitchcock's " Report on the 
 Geology, Mineralogy, Botany, and Zoology of Massachu- 
 setts," and also in a smaller volume extracted from it, 
 under the title, " Catalogue of the Animals and Plants of 
 Massachusetts,") not because the names given there have 
 any value in questions of priority, but because Dr. Harris 
 had sent away many collections correspondingly labelled. 
 To prevent misunderstanding, I may state that where 
 I have not indicated the number of specimens examined, 
 it is to be taken for granted that I have seen a consider- 
 able number ; and where no reference is made to the 
 sexes seen, I have examined both. The measurements 
 given have been, so far as possible, average measure- 
 ments. The length of the body has been given as a 
 straight line, connecting (in the natural attitude of the" 
 Orthopteron) the tip of the vertex and the extremity of 
 the abdomen excluding the ovipositor in the females of 
 Gryllides and Locustarise, and including the inarticulated 
 abdominal appendages in the males ; the length of the 
 ovipositor is given as a straight line, connecting its tip 
 with the point of junction of the upper and lower valves 
 at its base. 
 
of the North American Orthoptera. 413 
 
 For more easy reference I have prefixed an asterisk (*) 
 to such species as I have seen from New England. In 
 giving localities, I have only referred to those from which 
 I have myself seen specimens, and have appended to them 
 the names of the collectors ; or where that was not known, 
 the person from whom I received them. 
 
 I add here a Table for the more ready determination of 
 the genera, which I have made as simple and concise as 
 possible. It is strictly limited to the genera of New Eng- 
 land, and is not intended for reference to the species out- 
 side its limits. 
 
 A TABLE TO FIND THE GENERA OF NEW ENGLAND ORTHOPTERA. 
 
 1. Hind legs longest; hind femora thickened 4 
 
 1. Legs of nearly equal length; hind femora not thickened ... 2 
 
 2. Abdomen armed behind with a forceps . . . (Forficularice) 6 
 
 2. Abdomen not armed behind with a forceps 3 
 
 3. Body broad and flat (Blatlarice) 7 
 
 3. Body long and exceedingly slender, with slender legs. (Phasmida) 
 
 Diapheromera. 
 
 4. Antennaj long and tapering 5 
 
 4. Antennae short . (Acrydii) 23 
 
 5. Wing covers with the outer portion bent abruptly downwards. ( Gryllides) 11 
 5. Wing covers sloping downwards at the sides . . (Locuslarice) 15 
 
 FORFICULARICE. 
 6. Antennae with less than 12 joints Labia. 
 
 6. Antennae with more than 20 joints Labidura. 
 
 BLATTARI^E. 
 
 7. Winged 8 
 
 7. Wingless Pycnoscelus. 
 
 8. Females with developed wings ......... 9 
 
 8. Females with rudimentary wings Stylopyga. 
 
 9. Basal joints of tarsi longer than the others 10 
 
 9. Basal joints of tarsi shorter than the others Ectobia. 
 
 10. Supraanal plate deeply fissured Periplaneta. 
 
 10. Supraanal plate not deeply fissured Platamodes. 
 
 GRYLLIDES. 
 
 11. Fore-tibiae broad 12 
 
 11. Fore-tibiae slender . 13 
 
 12. Insect large Gryllotalpa. 
 
 12. Insect small Tridactylus. 
 
 13. Hind-femora stoutish ........... 14 
 
 13. Hind-femora slender (Ecanthus. 
 
414 Materials for a Monograph 
 
 14. Last joint of the maxillary palpi of the same length as the penultimate 
 
 Gryllus. 
 14. Last joint of the maxillary palpi double the length of the penultimate 
 
 Nemobius. 
 
 LOCUSTARI^E. 
 
 15. Wingless, or with rudimentary wings and wing-covers . . . .16 
 15. Winged 17 
 
 16. Wingless; pronotum not extended over meso- and metanotum . Ceuthophilus. 
 
 16. With rudimentary wings and wing-covers ; pronotum extended 
 
 over meso- and metanotum Thyreonotus. 
 
 17. Wing-covers expanded in the middle ....... 18 
 
 17. Wing-covers not expanded in the middle 20 
 
 18. Wing-covers much broadened in the middle, concave . . Cyrtophyllus. 
 
 18. Wing-covers somewhat broadened in the middle, not concave . . .19 
 
 19. Ovipositor very small Microcentrum. 
 
 19. Ovipositor of medium size Phylloptera. 
 
 20. Vertex of the head with a conical projection forwards . Conocephalus. 
 
 20. Vertex of the head without a conical projection 21 
 
 21. Ovipositor straight, or very nearly so; insect small . . Xiphidium. 
 21. Ovipositor curved ; insect large 22 
 
 22. Ovipositor curved sharply upwards Phaneroptera. 
 
 22. Ovipositor ensiform ......... Orchelimum. 
 
 ACRYDII. 
 
 23. Pronotum produced backwards, covering abdomen . . . . .31 
 23. Pronotum not produced backwards over abdomen .... 24 
 
 24. Antenna? broad and flattened at base, acuminate . . . Opomala. 
 
 24. Antennas filiform, or slightly flattened 25 
 
 25. Prosternum with a slender central spine . . . . . . .26 
 
 25. Prosternum without a spine 28 
 
 26. Sternal spine prominent 27 
 
 26. Sternal spine but slightly raised Arcyptera. 
 
 27. Lateral carinas of pronotum more or less prominent ; medial carina scarcely 
 
 elevated ; extremity of abdomen of males much swollen . Caloptenus. 
 27. Lateral carina? of pronotum wanting; medial carina generally prominent ; 
 
 extremity of abdomen in males not swollen . . . Acridium. 
 
 28. Front, nearly perpendicular, generally swollen; vertex not prom- 
 inent (Edipoda. 
 
 28. Front considerably oblique, sloping inwards; vertex prominent . . 29 
 29. Hind-border of pronotum sharply angulated .... Tragocephala. 
 29. Hind-border of pronotum docked or rounded ...... 30 
 
 30. Foveolse on the vertex; lateral carinae of pronotum incurved . Stenobothrus. 
 
 30. No foveolas on the vertex; lateral carinas of pronotum parallel or nearly 
 
 so Chloealtis. 
 
 31. Pronotum arched roundly . Batrachidea. 
 
 31. Pronotum nearly or quite horizontal ....... 32 
 
 32. Antennae 13-14 jointed Tettix. 
 
 32. Antenna? 22 jointed . Tettigidea. 
 
of the North American Orthoptera. 415 
 
 FORFICULARUE, Latreille. 
 SPONGOPHORA, SERVILLE (emend.) 
 
 * 1. S. BIPUNCTATA, HOV. Sp. 
 
 The head, antennae, and prothorax are reddish brown ; 
 eyes black ; elytra darker brown, with a rather large pale 
 spot equi-distant from the base and either border ; wings 
 at rest, extending nearly twice as far back as the elytra, 
 pale, with a dark brown band along the inner edge be- 
 yond the elytra; there is a faintly impressed longitudinal 
 line on the prothorax. Length from front of prothorax to 
 tip of wings, .3 in. 
 
 I place this species in this genus with some degree of 
 doubt, because I have but a single mutilated specimen to 
 examine, which wants abdomen and legs, the elytra and 
 wings of one side, and the principal part of the antennae ; 
 but the parts that remain exhibit good specific characters. 
 
 Mass. (H. Coll.) Taken May 30. 1 specimen. 
 
 LABIA, LEACH. 
 
 * 1. L. MINUTA, nov. sp. 
 
 Thorax, elytra, and exposed portion of wings yellowish 
 brown, covered with shortish hairs; middle of abdomen 
 reddish brown ; sides of the abdomen above and the head 
 dark reddish brown approaching a black ; last segment of 
 abdomen and forceps reddish brown; abdomen also and 
 forceps thickly beset with shortish hairs ; legs shining pale 
 yellow ; parts of the mouth and antennae yellowish brown ; 
 abdomen beneath brownish yellow ; $ forceps slender, of 
 nearly equal width throughout, curving outwards slightly 
 at the middle, and then inwards towards the tip ; slightly 
 falciform, and meeting only at the tip ; minute triangular 
 black teeth on the lower inner edge ; 9 forceps diminish- 
 ing in size to the tip, which is very slightly curved in- 
 wards ; otherwise they are straight, meeting along the 
 whole inner edge, which is toothed as in the $ ; tips as 
 
416 Materials for a Monograph 
 
 united together rounded, very slightly shorter than in 
 the <J . Length of whole body, .2 in. ; forceps, .04 in. 
 Mass. (H. Coll., November 4, 1845, flying in evening; 
 Shurtleff, Aug. 28.) Virginia, (Uhler.) imperfect speci- 
 men ; 3 , 1 9 . 
 
 BLATTARI^E, Latreille. 
 
 Stylopyga, Fischer, having been proposed as a genus 
 for the reception of Blatta orientalis L., before Peripla- 
 neta of Burmeister, must be retained for it ; but since B. 
 americana L. must be placed in a different genus from 
 B. orientalis, we may reserve Periplaneta for that species 
 with its allies, and the more properly since it is mentioned 
 first under the genus by Burmeister. The two genera will 
 be found to differ not only in the rudimentary condition 
 of the wings in the females of Stylopyga, but also in the 
 wings of the males, which are much shorter than the body 
 in Stylopyga, and longer than the body in Periplaneta ; the 
 outer border also of the anterior pair is much less rounded 
 in the former than in the latter, while another character is 
 found in the deep fissuration of the supraanal plate in Per- 
 iplaneta, which is almost wholly wanting in Stylopyga, 
 where it is squarely docked, instead of being pointed, as 
 in Periplaneta. 
 
 STYLOPYGA, FISCHER DE W. 
 
 * 1. S. ORIENTALIS, Fisch. d. W., Bull. d. Nat. de Mos- 
 cou ; VI. 386. (1833.) For synonymy, see Fischer, Orth. 
 Eur. 
 
 Seaboard of Mass., (H. Coll., Shurtleff, Sanborn, S. H. 
 S.) N. York, (S. H. S.) Maryland, (Uhler.) The pro- 
 portions of the length of the elytra to their breadth in 
 this species and in Periplaneta Americana are very variable. 
 
 PERIPLANETA, BURMEISTER. 
 
 *1. P. AMERICANA, Burmeister, Handb. d. Ent; II. 503. 
 (1838.) For synonymy, see Fischer, Orth. Eur. ; to which 
 
of the North American Orthoptera. 417 
 
 add 9 Blatta domingensis, Pal. de Beauv., Ins. ; 182, PI. 1 
 b., fig. 4. (1805.) 
 
 Seaboard of Mass., (H. Coll.) Indiana, (Mus. Comp. 
 ZooL) Mexico, (Uhler.) Texas, (Mus. Comp. Zool., Uhler.) 
 
 PLATAMODES, Nov. gen. 7r 
 
 A genus more closely allied to Periplaneta than to any 
 other, but readily distinguishable from it by its much nar- 
 rower and more elongated body, the sides being sub-par- 
 allel to one another throughout their whole extent, while 
 in Periplaneta the abdomen is much swollen. The wings 
 and wing-covers extend beyond the abdomen, the latter 
 being well rounded at the tip. The supraanal plate is reg- 
 ularly rounded, but lacks altogether the fissuration seen in 
 Periplaneta ; but at the same time it is not squarely docked 
 as in Stylopyga. The anal cerci are somewhat shorter, 
 and not so flattened as in Periplaneta^ while the anal 
 styles are very short and turned abruptly downwards. In 
 Periplaneta the sub-genital plate does not extend so far 
 backward as the supraanal. In Platamodes it extends 
 backward farther. A further distinction between the two 
 genera may be seen at the inner borders of the eyes, 
 which in Platamodes are nearly parallel; while in Peri- 
 planeta they approach one another anteriorly. I have only 
 seen males. 
 
 1. P. PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 Blatta Pennsylvania^ De Geer, Mem. ; III. 537. PI. 44, 
 
 fig. 4. (1773.) 
 
 " Oliv., Enc. Meth. ; II. 317. (1791.) 
 
 Indiana, (Mus. Comp. Zool.) Maryland, (Uhler.) 5 J. 
 
 * 2. P. UNICOLOR, nov. sp. 
 
 Blatta pennsylvanica, H. Cat. ; 56, (non De Geer.) 
 
 Blatta rufescens and bicolor? H. Cat.; (non Pal. de 
 Beauv.) 
 
 Wings and wing-covers uniform pale shining reddish 
 brown ; head and prothoracic shield nearly the same, but 
 
 JOURNAL B. S. N. H. 53 NOVEMBER, 1862. 
 
418 Materials for a Monograph 
 
 slightly darker, particularly in the middle of the latter ; 
 abdomen a little darker above, especially on the borders ; 
 cerci dark brown ; legs, especially the tibiae, darker than 
 the body ; eyes black ; antennas and palpi brown ; an- 
 tennas reaching backwards to tip of wing-covers. Length 
 of body, .25 in. ; length to tip of wings, .35. 
 
 " In woods, under stones, and entering houses by night 
 in June." H. 
 
 Mass., (H. Coll., Sanborn.) 6 $ . 
 
 ECTOBIA, WESTWOOD. 
 
 * 1. E. GERMANICA, Stephens, British Entomology ; VI. 
 46. (1835.) For synonymy, see Fisch., Orth. Eur. ; to 
 which add Blatta parallel^ Say Mss. and H. Cat. ; 56. 
 
 Mass. (H. Coll., Shurtleff, Sanborn, S. H. S.) Vt., (Mus. 
 Comp. Zool.) N. York, Maryland, (Uhler.) 
 
 *2. E. LITHOPHILA, Harris Mss. 
 
 I have not seen any winged individuals of this species. 
 Immature specimens are of an uniform bright brownish 
 red upon the head and thorax, with the abdomen growing 
 darker posteriorly and laterally ; the legs are of a bright 
 shining yellow, a little dusky, with rather long delicate 
 spines placed irregularly upon the edges, the femora 
 being tipped with one slightly curved ; cerci blackish ; 
 eyes black ; palpi dusky ; antennas light brown ; third 
 joint of antennae as long as the succeeding five taken 
 together, and twice as large as the second ; in E. ger- 
 manica it is only slightly larger than either of the succeed- 
 ing, and of the same size as the second. Length, .4 in. ; 
 breadth, .2 in. An ootheca of this species (or so labelled 
 by Harris), is similar in general appearance to that of E. 
 germanica, but is shorter ; it measures Length, .2 in. ; 
 breadth, .1 in. ; thickness, .07 in. There are nine trans- 
 verse depressions. " Under stones ; very common in woods. 
 April 20, 1834." H. 
 
 Mass. (H. Coll., Shurtleff, Sanborn, S. H. S.) 
 
of the North American Orthoptera. 419 
 
 * 3. E. FLAVOCINCTA, HOV. Sp. 
 
 Prothoracic shield rather dark brown, slightly paler along 
 the median line, bordered throughout with a pale yellow- 
 ish band, forming only a very narrow edge posteriorly ; 
 broader in front, and quite broad at the sides, covering all 
 the deflexed border ; the edge at the sides and in front is 
 slightly raised ; wing-covers scarcely reaching tip of ab- 
 domen, reddish brown, with the anterior half of the outer 
 margin paler, with a yellowish tinge ; wings not half the 
 length of the wing-covers ; abdomen above very dark 
 brown ; below dark brown, the terminal segment being 
 darkest; legs yellowish brown, with spines as in E. liih- 
 ophila ; head reddish brown ; sides below antennae yellow- 
 ish ; eyes black ; antennae dark brown, paler toward tip ; 
 third joint rather larger than the two succeeding joints, 
 and equal in size to the second. Length of body, .56 in. 
 " In woods, under a stone." H. 
 
 Mass. (H. Coll.) Western States, (Mus. Comp. Zool.) 
 Lake Superior, (Mus. Comp. Zool.) 3 specimens. 
 
 CRYPTOCERCUS, Nov. gen. (KPVTTTOS, /cep/cos.) 
 
 A genus allied to, but very distinct from, Polyzostceria, 
 Burm. The head is not large, much flattened, front 
 sloping strongly inwards ; prothorax broader than long, 
 considerably arched, swollen, with the front border ex- 
 tending over the head slightly upturned to form a sort 
 of hood ; border of prothorax thickened in front con- 
 siderably, at the sides more narrowly, here forming a 
 slightly raised edge, which extends along the whole side 
 of the body. Both sexes wingless ; the meso- and meta- 
 thorax not so arched as the prothorax ; the hind border 
 of the mesothorax not turned backwards at outer angle ; 
 that of the metathorax only in a very slight degree ; ab- 
 domen not flattened, but quite full, especially on posterior 
 half ; the abdomen slightly longer than the thorax ; the 
 segments nearly equal in width, with the exception of the 
 
420 Materials for a Monograph 
 
 last (seventh) which is very large, triangular, three times 
 the width of the sixth, produced posteriorly to a blunt 
 rounded apex, the segment concealing the abdominal ap- 
 pendages altogether ; the abdomen is a little longer than 
 broad, regularly and but little rounded at the sides. The 
 eyes are small, reniform, subglobose, the longitudinal di- 
 ameter lying in the plane of the head ; no ocellj ; antennae 
 inserted in a broad circular depression, and about half the 
 length of the body ; first joint twice as long as the second, 
 second as long as the third and fourth, third as long as the 
 fourth and fifth ; the terminal joints somewhat moniliform, 
 the whole profusely covered with short hairs; third and 
 fourth joints of the maxillary palpi equal, the last a little 
 longer, considerably thickened at the termination. Legs 
 compactly fitted to one another beneath the spreading 
 sides of the thoracic segments ; the femora broad, short, 
 flattened, smooth, without a trace of spines, save one or 
 two small ones at the tip upon the hind border, generally 
 upon the upper edge only ; tibiae of fore legs very short and 
 heavy, thickened at the tip ; those of the other legs sim- 
 ilar in character, but becoming longer posteriorly, all 
 thickly covered with heavy spines ; tarsi with the first 
 and last joint nearly equal in length, (on the anterior pair 
 the last is much the longest) and equal to the three mid- 
 dle joints ; well-developed claws, but with no pad between 
 them ; the abdominal appendages cannot be seen except 
 through the gaping of the dorsal and ventral shields of the 
 seventh segment ; the cylindrical hairy cerci in both sexes 
 are so long as just to reach the apex of the triangular 
 supraanal plate ; the styles of the $ are very small. 
 
 1. C. PUNCTULATUS, HOV. Sp. 
 
 Above of an uniform dark shining mahogany-brown 
 color, a little deepest at the posterior extremity ; beneath a 
 little lighter, with a reddish yellow tint, especially upon 
 the coxae, and to be seen also on the mouth parts and the 
 sockets of the antennae ; antennae dirty brown ; the whole 
 
of the North American Orthoptera. 421 
 
 body thickly covered with punctures, most abundant and 
 largest upon the upper surface of the seventh segment, 
 where also the edges are raised ; beneath they are more 
 distant ; upon the head they are minute ; there is a faintly 
 impressed median line along the thoracic segments, except- 
 ing upon the hood-like projection of the prothorax ; the an- 
 terior half of the raised edge of the sides .of the prothorax 
 is externally indistinctly grooved ; the $ is a little more 
 arched upon the thoracic segments than the 9 . The dor- 
 sal shield of the seventh segment is slightly excavated at 
 the tip in both sexes ; and the ventral shield in the 9 is a 
 little indented upon either side of the tip. length, $ .8 
 in. ; 9 .86 in. Breadth across third abdominal segment, 
 $ .38 in. ; 9 .36 in. Breadth across mesothorax, $ .34 
 in.; 9 .30 in. Depth in middle of abdomen, J.13 in.; 
 9 .17 in. 
 
 $ Draper's Valley, Virginia, (H. E, Scudder.) 9 N. Y., 
 (Uhler.) Penn., (H. Coll.) 3 specimens. 
 
 PYCNOSCELUS, Nov. gen. (TTIWOS, cr/ccAo?.) 
 
 A genus allied to the preceding, the males of which are 
 wingless. I have no specimens of the female. 
 
 Head as in Cryptocercus^ but proportionally larger ; 
 thoracic segments, and especially prothorax, very much 
 arched, so as to form nearly a semicircle ; prothorax only 
 a little broader than long; the hind edge straight; the 
 edge of the front and sides as well as the sides of the 
 meso- and metathorax turned upwards very slightly, form- 
 ing a delicate rim ; the hind border of the meso- and meta- 
 thorax is curved backwards a little at the outer angle ; 
 wings entirely wanting ; the abdomen is very much ex- 
 panded and flattened to a thin sheet posteriorly, so as to 
 show no arching whatever ; the segments narrow very 
 rapidly towards the extremity, so that the hind curve is 
 very broad and regular ; the abdomen is half as broad 
 
422 Materials for a Monograph 
 
 again as long, and only equals in length the pro- and 
 mesothorax together; hind edge of the seventh segment 
 straight, but curved backwards somewhat at the outer 
 angle ; segments nearly uniform in length along the median 
 line. The eyes are of moderate size, uniform with the 
 surface of the head, nearer to one another than in Crypto- 
 cercus, pyriform,'the broadest portions toward one another, 
 the longitudinal diameter lying in the plane of the head ; 
 the antennae are slender, not exceeding half the length of 
 the body; the first joint not large, swollen at tip, and 
 twice as long as the second, which with the succeeding is 
 cylindrical ; the third is as long as the first, and equals the 
 succeeding four in size; all the joints are covered with 
 very short hairs ; the thoracic segments much hollowed 
 below, giving space for the legs, which may be packed so 
 closely as not to appear above the plane which unites the 
 edges of the segments. Legs similar in every respect to 
 those of Cryptocercus, except that the tibiaB are more flat- 
 tened ; and there is a distinct though small pad between the 
 claws. The supraanal and the subgenital plates, which are 
 exactly similar in character, are thrice as broad as long, 
 regularly curved behind, with a slight fissuration in the 
 middle, making them slightly bilobed ; the cerci are very 
 small but stout, pointed, flattened, with a medial ridge, 
 nearly as broad at base as long, smooth, without trace of 
 annulation ; the styles are slender, cylindrical, bluntly 
 pointed, of about the length of the cerci and inserted just 
 within them. 
 
 * 1. P. OBSCURUS, nov. sp. 
 
 Of an uniform reddish brown above and below, shining 
 upon the whole surface with the exception of the upper 
 surface of the abdominal segments succeeding the third ; 
 head, thorax, and first three abdominal segments above 
 with minute and distant punctures ; upon the dulled sur- 
 face these are exchanged for minute raised points, irreg- 
 
of the North American Orthoptera. 423 
 
 ularly scattered over the general surface, becoming larger 
 and bead-like upon the posterior borders of the segments, 
 where they are equi-distant; these last are also found upon 
 the posterior border of the third segment ; a very faintly 
 impressed median line upon the prothorax ; the eyes are 
 black ; the antennae dusky brown ; the parts of the mouth 
 yellowish brown ; the legs the same, with a reddish tinge ; 
 the segments of the abdomen beneath have no punctures. 
 Length, .46 in. ; length of abdomen, .19 in. Breadth at 
 hind border of prothorax, .19 in. ; breadth at fourth ab- 
 dominal segment, .29 in. ; length of cerci, .015 in. 
 
 Greenfield, Mass., (Sanborn.) " In woods, under stones." 
 1 specimen. 
 
 PHASMJDA, Leach. 
 
 DIAPHEROMERA, GRAY. 
 *1. D. FEMORATA. 
 
 Spectrum femoratum. Say, App. Long's Second Expe- 
 dition ; 297. (1824.) 
 " Say, Am. Ent. ; III. pi. 37. (1828.) 
 " " Say, Ent. of N. Am. (Ed. Le 
 Conte.) I. 82, 197. (1859.) 
 " " Harris, Cat Ins. Mass.; 56, (1835.) 
 Diapheromera Sayi, Gray, Synopsis of Phasmida?; 18. 
 
 (1835.) 
 
 " Serville, Hist. Nat. d. Orth.; 247. 
 
 (1839.) 
 
 " " Charp., Orth. Descr. et Depict. ; PI. 6. 
 
 (1841.) 
 
 Westw., Brit. Mus. Cat., Orth., 
 Part I. Phasmida3 ; 20. (1859.) 
 
 Bacteria (Bacunculus) Sayi, Burm., Handb. d. Ent; II. 
 
 566. (1838.) 
 
 " " " Burm., Zeitschr. f. Ent. ; II. 
 
 39. (1840.) 
 
424 Materials for a Monograph 
 
 Bacteria femorata, Haldeman in Icon. Encyc. (1857.) 
 
 Bacunculus femoratus^ Uhler in Harris, Inj. Ins., 3d ed. ; 
 
 146. (1861.) 
 
 Mass., (H. Coll., Sanborn, S. H. S.) N. H., (H. Coll.) 
 Illinois, (Uhler.) Red River Settlements, British America, 
 (S. H. S.) Nebraska, (Mus. Comp. Zool.) 
 
 GRYLLTDES, Latreille. 
 TRIDACTYLUS, OLIVIER. 
 
 The fact that this name is inapplicable in its significa- 
 tion to some of the species contained in it, is no valid rea- 
 son for its disuse ; and even should it be so considered, the 
 name Heteropus proposed as early as 1805 by Palisot de 
 Beauvais, must supersede that of Xya> so commonly in 
 use, which was not proposed till four years later. If, 
 however, the species having but two of the slender appen- 
 dages at the termination of the posterior tibiae should be 
 found to differ generically from those having three, Tri- 
 dactylus would have to be retained for the latter, with 
 Heteropus as a synonym ; and Xya should be applied to 
 the former. That this may yet be found to be the truth, 
 is indicated still further by the fact that the three-fingered 
 species found in this country have a peculiar conformation 
 of the anterior tibiae, which, however, is a feature of the 
 structure of the male alone, a fact for which I am in- 
 debted to the scrutiny and kind communication of Mr. 
 Uhler; this peculiarity is a lateral projection of an ad- 
 uncate appendage inwards at the base, to the extremity of 
 which, beside the hook, the tarsi are attached. As a fig- 
 ure will explain much better than any description I can 
 give the form of these parts, I have drawn the anterior 
 tibiae and tarsi of T. apicalis. Say <. In the two 
 species (T. apicalis, Say, and T. terminalis, Uhl.) 
 which show this character, a further difference is to 
 be seen between the males and females, in the more 
 swollen prothorax of the former. 
 
of the North American Orthoptera. 425 
 
 1. T. APICALIS, Say, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sc. Phil. ; 
 IV. 310. (Fig. 1.) (1825.) 
 
 T. apicalis^ Say, Ent. of N. Am. (ed. Le Conte) ; 
 II. 239. (1859.) 
 
 Xya apicalis, Burm., Handb. d. Ent. ; II. 742. (1838.) 
 
 This is our largest species, the length of the body being 
 fully one third of an inch in both sexes, and of a lighter 
 color than the other species. I suspect that Say had speci- 
 mens both of this and T. terminalis, Uhl., and confounded 
 them together ; his description applies best to this, while 
 he endeavored to include them both when he said, " length, 
 more than one fifth of an inch." 
 
 Alabama, Prof. Hentz, (H. Coll.) Kentucky, Mr. J. P. 
 Wild, (Uhler.) 2 ,1 9. 
 
 *2. T. TERMINALIS, Uhler Mss. 
 
 This species is darker than T. apicalis^ the head and 
 thorax being sometimes pitchy black, at others showing 
 upon these parts reddish brown spots similarly disposed to 
 those upon T. apicalis ; the two broad transverse fasciae 
 and the terminal spot upon the outside of posterior femora, 
 which are only faintly indicated in T. apicalis, are here 
 black and very distinct ; the wings reach only the tip of 
 the abdomen, while in the males of T. apicalis they extend 
 considerably beyond it ; it is a much smaller species than 
 the preceding, and occupies a more northern area. Length 
 from .25 to .30 inches. 
 
 Cambridge, Mass., May 20, (H. Coll.) Maryland, 
 (Uhler.) So. Illinois, (Thomas, Uhler.) 1 <?, 6 ? . 
 
 3. T. MINUTUS, nov. sp. 
 
 This species resembles T. terminalis very much in its 
 markings and coloration ; but it is in general darker, and the 
 markings are more distinct. The middle femora and tibiae, 
 and the posterior femora are very dark with narrow white 
 bands, sometimes broken ; the segments of the abdomen 
 are bordered with white posteriorly ; the wings in the only 
 
 JOURNAL B. S. N. H. 54 NOVEMBER, 1862. 
 
426 Materials for a Monograph 
 
 mature individual I have seen extend a little beyond the 
 extremity of the abdomen. There are but two terminal 
 appendages of the posterior tibiae ; the males want the 
 aduncate lateral appendage of the anterior tibiae. Length, 
 .14 to .16 inches. 
 
 So. Illinois, (Thomas, Uhler.) 4 g. 
 
 GKYLLOTALPA, LATREILLE. 
 
 Curtilla, Oken, Lehrbuch d. Naturgesch. ; III. I. 445 
 
 (1815.) 
 
 *1. G. BOREALIS, Burm., Handb. d. Ent. ; II. 740. 
 
 (1838.) 
 
 G. brevipennis, Serv., Hist. Nat. d. Orth. ; 308. (1839.) 
 " " Harr., Report, 3d ed. ; 149, fig. 68. 
 
 (1862.) 
 
 G. Americana, Say Mss v and Harr., Cat. Ins. Mass. ; 
 56. (1835.) 
 
 " Sides of pond, burrowing in moist earth, June, July, 
 Sept." H. 
 
 Mass., (H. Coll., Sanborn.) Island of Nantucket, (Mus. 
 Comp. Zool.) Vermont, (Mus. Comp. Zool.) 
 
 * 2. G. LONGIPENNIS, nOV. Sp. 
 
 Figured in Catesby, Nat. Hist. N. Car. ; I. pi. 8. 
 
 This species does not differ in any respect from G. bore- 
 alls, save in the greater size and comparatively greater 
 breadth of the wing-covers, which cover rather more than 
 half the abdomen, and in the much greater length of the 
 wings, which extend considerably beyond the extremity of 
 the abdomen ; there is a very slight difference in some of 
 the prominences of the anterior trochanters ; in coloration 
 and general proportions and absolute size it does not differ 
 from the preceding ; it has much the general appearance of 
 G. hexadactyla, Perty, from which it differs in being some- 
 what stouter, in having the teeth of the anterior tarsi long 
 and slender, and in that the ocelli are oval and not subro- 
 tund. Length, 1.33 inches. 
 
 Mass., (H. Coll.) Maryland, (Uhler.) 2 specimens. 
 
of the North American Orthoptera. 427 
 
 GRYLLUS, LINNAEUS. 
 
 *1. G. LUCTUOSUS, Serv., Hist. Nat. d. Orthop. ; 335. 
 
 (1839.) 
 
 This species is readily distinguished from all other N. 
 England species, by the great length of the wings, which, 
 surpassing in length the wing-covers, hang over the ex- 
 tremity of the abdomen ; contrary to the supposition of 
 Serville, this is true of the male as well as of the female. 
 
 Length of ovipositor in seven individuals, .29-.39 in., 
 average .35 in., length of hind femora, .20-.245 in., 
 average, .225 in. 
 
 Mass., (Agassiz, Shurtleff, S. H. S.) Cape Cod, (San- 
 born.) N. Hampshire, (Miss Edmands.) 
 
 * 2. G. ABBREVIATUS, Serv., Hist. Nat. d. Orth. ; 336. 
 
 (1839.) 
 
 Acheta tripunctata, Harr., Cat. Ins. Mass. ; 56. (1835.) 
 
 Acheta abbreviate Harr., Report, 3d ed. ; 152. fig. 69. 
 
 (1862.) 
 
 This and G. luctuosus, Serv. are our largest species ; it is 
 remarkable for the great length of the ovipositor of the 
 female ; the wing-covers are generally dark, bordered with 
 light brown, though sometimes they are quite pale through- 
 out ; they generally quite cover the abdomen. I have never 
 seen this species north of Cape Cod, and am inclined to 
 think it a more southern form, the insect fauna of Cape 
 Cod being closely allied in character to that of Pennsyl- 
 vania. 
 
 Length of ovipositor in seventeen individuals, .34-.42 
 in., average, .37 in.; length of hind femora, .21-.23 in., 
 average .22 in. 
 
 Mass., (H. Coll., Agassiz.) Cape Cod, (Sanborn, S. H. S.) 
 Maryland, (Uhler.) The specimen marked A. abbreviata 
 $ in Harris's collection belongs to his A. nigra. 
 
 * 3. G. ANGUSTUS, nov. sp. 
 
 This species is most closely allied to G. abbreviates , 
 
428 Materials for a Monograph 
 
 Serv., but differs from it very distinguishably in its much 
 greater slenderness ; in the relative proportions of the length 
 of hind femora and ovipositor of the females, it agrees with 
 G. abbreviatus, but the latter is a heavy, clumsy species ; 
 in G. abbreviatus the breadth of the body is contained in 
 the length about three times ; in G. angustus about four 
 times; in coloration it does not differ from G. abbreviatus; 
 it seems to be quite a rare species. 
 
 Length of ovipositor .30-.34 in., average, .32 in. ; length 
 of hind femora, .18-.20 in., average, .19 in. 
 
 Cambridge, Mass., and Cape Cod, (S. H. S.) 3 9 . 
 
 *4. G. NEGLECTUS, nov. sp. 
 
 This is our most common species, and probably the one 
 which Harris intended to describe in mentioning G. nigra, 
 but the specimens in his cabinet marked " unique " show 
 his nigra to be another species. The head, thorax, and 
 body, as well as the hind femora, are pitchy black, the elytra 
 of both $ and 9 are dark, sometimes jet black, but fre- 
 quently of quite a light ochraceous brown ; indeed, the 
 elytra of almost all our species vary to this extent in color- 
 ation ; the elytra of the females generally cover about two 
 thirds of the abdomen, although sometimes they entirely 
 conceal it ; those of the males extend to the extremity of 
 the abdomen ; the ovipositor in this species is proportion- 
 ally shorter than in either of the preceding species, and is 
 also a smaller species than any of the preceding. 
 
 Length averaging a little more than half an inch ; length 
 of ovipositor in nine individuals .23-.32 in., average .28 in. ; 
 length of hind femora. .16-.21 in., average, -20 in. 
 
 Mass., (Mus. Comp. Zool., Miss Edmands, Sanborn, 
 S. H. S.) Cape Cod, (Sanborn, S. H. S.) 
 
 * 5. G. NIGER. 
 
 Acheta nigra, Harr., Report, 3d ed. ; 152. (1862.) 
 
 This species agrees in size with G. neglectus, but differs 
 
 from it in the much shorter ovipositor, which is shorter in 
 
of the North American Orthoptera. 429 
 
 this species than in any other. A single female is the 
 only remaining type of Harris's nigra. The specimen 
 marked A. abbreviata $ in the Harris collection, is a $ of 
 this species j it does not differ materially from G. neglec- 
 tus in coloration, being generally not so dark, with more 
 or less reddish hind femora, while it has the wing-covers 
 somewhat longer than there; it seems to be our rarest 
 species. 
 
 Length of ovipositor in two individuals, .23-.2G in., 
 average, .245 in. ; length of hind femora, .21-.23 in., aver- 
 age .22 in. 2 <J, 2 9. 
 
 Mass., (H. Coll., S. H. S.) 
 
 Neither of these two latter species can be referred to G. 
 Pennsylvanicus, Burm., which I have received from Mary- 
 land through Mr. Uhler. G. Pennsylvanicus agrees with 
 G. nigra in the length of the ovipositor of the female, but 
 it differs from it in the shortness and form of the wing- 
 covers, as well as in their color and that of the legs, in 
 which characters it agrees well with G. neglectus, with 
 which it cannot be associated on account of the short- 
 ness of the ovipositor. I have another species, smaller than 
 any here mentioned, which I took in Minnesota, which has 
 a very long ovipositor, and also some quite peculiar forms 
 from southern Illinois, received from Mr. Thomas, but I 
 reserve their description till the reception of more speci- 
 mens. The males of all these species are very difficult to 
 distinguish ; indeed, it cannot be done satisfactorily with- 
 out a large number of specimens ; the study of this genus 
 is certainly a very perplexing one. 
 
 NEMOBIUS, SERVILLE. 
 1. N. EXIGUUS. 
 
 Acheta exigua. Say, Journ. Ac. Nat. Sc. Phil. ; IV. 309. 
 
 (1825.) 
 
 Say, Ent. of N. America (Ed. Le 
 
 Conte) ; I. 238. (1859.) 
 
430 Materials for a Monograph 
 
 St. Louis, Missouri, (S. H. S.) Minnesota, (S. H. S.) 
 
 * 2. N. VITTATUS, Harr., Report, 3d ed. ; 152. (1862.) 
 Acheta servilis, Say Mss., and Harr., Cat. Ins. Mass.; 
 
 56. (1835.) 
 
 This species differs from the preceding in being of a 
 
 darker color, and in having the hind femora somewhat 
 
 ferruginous, besides that the wing-covers differ somewhat 
 
 in their markings. 
 
 Mass., (H. Coll., Miss Edmands, Sanborn, S. H. S.) 
 
 Maine, (Packard.) Conn., (S. H. S.) 
 
 * 3. N. FASCIATUS. 
 
 Gryllus fasciatus, De Geer, Mem. ; III. 522, pi. 43, 
 fig. 5. (1773.) 
 
 Acheta hospes, Fabr., Syst. Ent. ; 281. (1775.) 
 
 " " Fabr., Spec. Ins. ; I. 355. (1781.) 
 
 " " Fabr., Mant. Ins.; 1. 232. (1787.) 
 
 Fabr., Ent. Syst. ; II. 32. (1793.) 
 
 Gryllus hospes, Oliv., Enc. Meth. ; IV. 636. (1791.) 
 
 This species, except in the length of wings and wing- 
 covers, is very similar to N. exiguus ; it is somewhat 
 larger, and has the terminal half of the last joint of max- 
 illary palpi, black ; the elytra in both sexes are light 
 brown, with the veins darker, especially in the female, and 
 extending to the extremity of the body ; the wings in 
 both sexes are as long again as the body, and the oviposi- 
 tor of the female is so long as nearly to reach their tip. 
 Length of ovipositor, .25 in. 4 specimens. 
 
 Mass., (Shurtleff, " flying against windows at night. 
 Aug. 14.") Delphi, Indiana, (Mus. Comp. Zool.) Charles- 
 ton, S. C., (Mus. Comp. Zool.) 
 
 I have but little doubt that this species is identical with 
 De Geer's G. fasciatus^ notwithstanding the somewhat 
 greater size of his figure. But if I have been mistaken in 
 this reference, I shall not have committed so grievous an 
 error as Dr. Fitch has done (3d Report on Noxious Ins. of 
 
of the North American Orthoptera. 431 
 
 N. Y. 132), in referring it to the genus (Ecanthus > blam- 
 ing Harris for a mistake never made by him, (see below, 
 under (Ecanthus niveus^ p. 432,) who, he says, " was evi- 
 dently unacquainted with the work of De Geer and the 
 characters he assigns to these insects, or he would have 
 been aware of his error, the marks by which this species 
 is distinguished being so plain, and so explicitly stated by 
 that author." How was it possible for so acute an ob- 
 server as Dr. Fitch to overlook the close resemblance 
 between De Geer's figure (save in the length of the wings), 
 and our common Nemobius vittatus, Harr., and refer the 
 species to (Ecanthus^ especially when (Ecanthi of the 
 same sex are figured upon the same plate ! Moreover, is 
 it not " explicitly stated by that author," in his description 
 of G. fasciatus, that the posterior femora are stout and 
 very wide, that the tibias of the same pair have long 
 spines, and that the head and thorax are more hairy than 
 ordinarily ? Are these characters of (Ecanthus^ or of Ne- 
 mobius and Gryllus? Burmeister has already intimated 
 that the relations of this very species are with Gryllus 
 rather than with (Ecanthus. (Burm., Handb. II. 733.) 
 
 (ECANTHUS, SERVILLE. 
 
 * 1. CE. NIVEUS, Serv., Ann. Sc. Nat. ; XXII. 135. (1831.) 
 
 (Ecanthus niveus, Serv., Hist. Nat. d. Orth. ; 361. (1839.) 
 
 " Harr., Cat. Ins. Mass. ; 56. (1835.) 
 
 " " Harr., Report, 3d e.d. ; 154, figs. 71, 
 
 72. (1862.) 
 
 " " Fitch, 3d Report, Noxious Ins. N. Y. ; 
 
 131. (1856.) 
 
 Gryllus niveus, De Geer, Mern. ; III. 522, pi. 43, fig. 6. 
 
 (1773.) 
 
 Oliv., Enc. Meth. ; IV. 637. (1791.) 
 
 (Ecanthus cylindricus, Say Mss., and Harr., Cat. Ins. 
 
 Mass. ; 56. (1835.) 
 
432 Materials for a Monograph 
 
 (Ecanthus fasciatus. Fitch, 3d Report, Noxious Ins. 
 N. Y. ; 132 (omitting reference). (1856.) 
 
 Not only do individuals of this species differ from one 
 another, as Fitch mentions in his distinctions between (E. 
 niveus and (E. fasciatus, but even to a much greater extent, 
 some males having three branches of the " fiddle-bow," 
 and some even five, while they take their origin and ter- 
 mination at very different points in different individuals, 
 and vary besides very much in coloration, many individ- 
 uals being met with of quite a dark color, especially upon 
 the abdomen and legs. These all belong, however, to one 
 species, no differences being discoverable upon which true 
 natural groups can be founded ; nor are there any such 
 concomitant characters among them as Fitch asserts ; 
 neither did Harris make any such blunder as to have mis- 
 understood the sexes in this^ genus as is alleged by him. 
 It would be strange indeed if an entomologist were not 
 acquainted with the very apparent differences existing 
 between them in the prolonged ovipositor of the female, 
 and peculiar structure of the wing-covers in the male. 
 
 Mass., (H. Coll., Miss Edmands, Sanborn, Shurtleff, 
 S. H. S.) Conn., (Norton, S. H. S.) 
 
 I have never met with Gryllus bipunctatus, De Geer, 
 which Fitch refers to under the name of (E. punctulatus. 
 (3d Rep. 133). 
 
 LOCUSTARI^3, Latreille. 
 
 In a paper OH the genus Raphidophora, (Proc. Bost. 
 Soc. Nat. Hist. ; VIII. 6,) I enumerated the known species 
 inhabiting the United States, amounting in all to three, 
 and added to them descriptions of four others. Since 
 then I have had an opportunity of examining many other 
 species from various parts of the country, through the 
 kindness of Mr. Uhler, arid have made a study of others 
 in the Museum of Comparative Zoology, so that the num- 
 ber of species is found to be very considerable, and to 
 
of the North American Orthoptera. 433 
 
 form quite a distinct feature of the North American 
 Orthopteran fauna. I was able to show there that R. 
 xanthostomd) Scudd. should not be united in the same 
 genus with the others, and that R. subterranea, Scudd. had 
 features in its structure which lacked conformity with those 
 possessed by other members of the genus. A closer and 
 more extended study has convinced me that there are 
 here three well-marked genera, and that no one of them 
 can properly be referred to Rhaphidophora. Ceuthophilus 
 may be applied to the more abundant forms, living in 
 concealment under stones, with which must be associated 
 R. stygia, Scudd., found in the shallow Hickman's Cave ; 
 of this genus I am acquainted with no less than twelve 
 species, besides one which I have not seen, Phal. scabripes, 
 Hald., undoubtedly belonging here. Under the genus 
 Hadenoecus we may place R. subterranea, Scudd., restricted 
 to the deep caves of Kentucky, while Tropidischia is pro- 
 posed for the genus under which R. xanthostoma^ Scudd. 
 of California, should be placed. 
 
 CEUTHOPHILUS, Nov. gen. (mtfof, <j>ttog). 
 
 Head rather large, oval; antennas long, slender, cylin- 
 drical ; first joint as broad as long, larger and stouter than 
 the rest, which are about equal in thickness, gradually 
 tapering to the extremity; second quite short; third long- 
 est; the remainder unequal. Eyes subpyriform, subglo- 
 bose, crowded against the first swollen joint of antennas. 
 Maxillary palpi long and slender; first two joints equal, 
 smallest; third fully equal in length to first and second 
 together ; fourth three-fourths as long as third ; fifth nearly 
 as long as third and fourth together, somewhat curved, 
 swollen towards extremity, split on the under side almost 
 its entire length. Sides of the thoracic nota broad, mostly 
 concealing the epimera ; wings wanting ; legs rather long ; 
 coxae carinated externally, the third pair but slightly, the 
 
 JOURNAL B. S. N. H. 55 NOVEMBER, 1862. 
 
434 Materials for a Monograph 
 
 first pair having the carina elevated into a sharp, the sec- 
 ond into a dull, point at the middle ; first two pair of 
 femora mostly wanting spines ; hind femora thick and 
 heavy, turned inward at the base, channelled beneath. 
 Ovipositor generally rather long, nearly straight, but a 
 little concave above, rounded off somewhat abruptly at 
 the extremity to the sharp, upturned point. 
 
 This genus differs from Rhapidophora in the much 
 shorter legs, in the comparative length of the joints of the 
 maxillary palpi, in wanting the terminal spines of the first 
 two pair of femora, and the unusual development of the 
 terminal spines of posterior tibiae, as also those upon the 
 first tarsal joints, in the non-compressed joints of the tarsi, 
 and the shortness of the cerci. 
 
 *1. C. MACULATUS. 
 
 Ephippigera maculata, Say Mss., and Harr. Cat. Ins. 
 
 Mass. ; 56. (1835.) 
 
 Raphidophora maculata, Harr., Report, 1st ed. ; 126. 
 
 (1841.) 
 
 Phalangopsis maculata, Harr., Report, 3d ed. ; 155, fig. 
 
 73. (1862.) 
 
 Phalangopsis lapidicola, Burm., teste Erichson, Archiv. f. 
 Nat. ; 9.227, (see No. 3.) (1843.) 
 
 Raphidophora lapidicola^ (pars) Scudd., Proc. Bost. Soc. 
 
 Nat. Hist. ; VIII. 7. (1861.) 
 
 (Not Phalangopsis lapidicola^ Burm.) 
 
 This species has the posterior tibiae of the male waved 
 
 at the base in mature individuals, which is true of this 
 
 species only. 
 
 Mass., (H. Coll., Agassiz, Shurtleff, Sanborn, S. H. S.) 
 Vermont, (Mus. Comp. Zool.) Norway, Maine, (Verrill.) 
 Cape Elizabeth, Maine, (Morse.) Anticosti, Gulf of St. 
 Lawrence, (Verrill.) 
 
 *2. C. BREVIPES, nov. sp. 
 
 A species very closely allied to the preceding, but of a 
 
of the North American Orthoptera. 435 
 
 smaller size, and differing from it in its markings and pro- 
 portions. It is of a pale : dull, brown color, very profusely 
 spotted with dirty white spots, not so large or so fre- 
 quently confluent as in C. maculatus, except near the ex- 
 tremity of the hind femora, where they nearly form an 
 annulation. The mottling of the pronotum is somewhat 
 different than in C. maculatus ; the hind legs are propor- 
 tionably shorter, as is also the ovipositor, the spines of 
 whose inner valves are duller. 
 
 Length scarcely more than half an inch ; average length 
 of hind femora, .44 inch ; average length of ovipositor, .25 
 inch; 2 6 9. 
 
 Grand Manan Is., Maine, (Verrill.) 
 
 3. C. LAPIDICOLUS. 
 
 Phalangopsis lapidicola^ Burm., Handb. d. Ent. ; II. 723. 
 
 (1838.) 
 
 Eaphidophora lapidicola, Burm., Germ. Zeitsch. f. Ent. ; 
 
 II. 72. (1840.) 
 
 " (pars) Scudd., Proc. Bost. Soc. 
 
 Nat. Hist. ; VIII. 7. (1861.) 
 
 This species is very closely allied to C. maculatus^ differ- 
 ing from it in style of mottling of the upper surface, and 
 in that the males do not have the posterior tibiae waved. 
 Since there are two species, (this and the following,) 
 which both correspond to the description of Burmeister's 
 lapidicola, I have chosen to apply his name to that 
 one, of which a specimen is to be found in the Cam- 
 bridge Museum, labelled thus by Mr. Haldeman some 
 years since. I had not seen it or any southern species 
 previous to the publication of my paper on Raphidophora. 
 4 $ 3 9. 
 
 Maryland, (Uhler.) Pennsylvania, (Mus. Comp. Zool.) 
 Georgia, (Mus. Comp. Zool.) 
 
 4. C. UHLERI, nov. sp. 
 
 This species also is closely allied to all the preceding, 
 
436 Materials for a Monograph 
 
 but especially to C. lapidicolus, from which, however, it 
 differs in its markings more than C. lapidicolus does from 
 C. maculatus. The ground-color is reddish brown, and the 
 spots which make up the mottling are distributed more 
 regularly than in the preceding. It differs from it further 
 in the greater length of the antennae, and in the presence 
 of spines upon the under side of the hind femora ; these 
 are spined both upon the inner and outer edge, those of 
 the inner edge being minute, regularly arranged, and of 
 equal size, while those of the outer edge to the number of 
 5-8 only, are much larger, longer, of unequal length, and 
 irregularly arranged. As the only female I have seen 
 wants the hind femora, I cannot tell whether the males 
 and females differ in the character of these spines as is the 
 case in some species. The hind legs of this species are 
 proportionally longer than in any previously mentioned. 
 
 Average length of body .65 inches ; average length hind 
 femora .70 inches ; length of antennae about l inches ; 
 length of ovipositor .35. 3^19. 
 
 Maryland, (Uhler.) 
 
 5. C. SCABRIPES. 
 
 Phalangopsis scabripes, Hald., Proc. Ac. Nat. Sc. Phil. ; 
 
 VI. 364. (1853.) 
 
 Raphidophora scabripes, Scudd., Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. 
 
 Hist.; VIII. 7. (1861.) 
 
 This is the only described species of the genus which 
 I have not seen. The darker portions of the hind femora 
 of all the species have scabrous surfaces. 
 Alabama, (teste Haldeman.) 
 
 6. C. DIVERGENS, HOV. Sp. 
 
 A species recalling C. lapidicola by its coloration and 
 markings, which in general appearance it much resembles, 
 but from which, as from all others I know, it may be dis- 
 tinguished by the peculiar disposition of the spines upon 
 the posterior tibiae, which, in addition to the row of min- 
 
of the North American Orthoptera. 437 
 
 ute crowded spines directed downward which all have 
 upon either edge of the under-side, have also five spines 
 of a peculiar character placed in each of these rows ; they 
 are quite long, placed at regular distances from one 
 another, from the tip of the tibiae to near its base, those 
 upon either row alternating with one another, and directed 
 in almost exactly opposite directions ; they do not point 
 backwards at the same angle with the others, but are turned 
 outwards nearly at right angles to the tibise ; the tibiae of 
 the other legs also partake of this character to some extent ; 
 in this species the spines of the posterior femora are 
 altogether wanting in the female, while the male has 
 spines similar to those of C. Uhleri. Antennae quite 
 long ; hind femora in male stouter than in female. 
 
 Length of body, .45-.60 in.; hind femora, .25-.30 in. ; 
 antennae, 1.5-2 inches. 1 < 2 9. 
 
 Nebraska, (Mus. Comp. Zool.) 
 
 7. C. LATENS, nov. sp. 
 
 Pale yellowish brown, with darker streaks upon the 
 hind femora and two broad bands of dark reddish brown 
 along the whole dorsum, extending half-way down the 
 sides, dotted irregularly with brownish yellow spots most 
 profusely on the abdomen, and separated from one an- 
 other by a narrow, irregular band of the same color ; head 
 above, reddish brown ; below, yellowish brown ; tips of 
 the femora dark ; no spines upon the under-side of the 
 hind femora. The hind femora are thick and stout, and 
 the whole hind leg shorter than in most of the species. 
 The ovipositor is shorter than usual in this species, though 
 not nearly so short as in C. californianus. 
 
 Length of body, .65 in. ; of hind femora, .5 in. ; of 
 ovipositor, .27 in. 1 9 (antennae broken). 
 
 Illinois, (Uhler.) 
 
 8. C. NIGER, nov. sp. 
 
 Most nearly allied to C. latens by the shortness of the 
 
438 Materials for a Monograph 
 
 hind-legs and of the ovipositor. It is, however, wholly of 
 a black color with a reddish tinge, especially about the 
 head, under-surface of body, hind femora, and ovipositor; 
 the spines of the legs are all reddish brown ; there are also 
 some traces of a reddish tinge upon the pronotum, which 
 thus exhibit obsolete vestiges of the peculiar markings of 
 the Ceuthophili hitherto mentioned ; the hind femora are 
 unusually slender though short ; the claws of all the feet 
 are twice as long as ordinarily, and the denticulations of 
 the inner valves of the ovipositor are very slender and 
 long ; the antennae are quite short ; the eyes are more 
 nearly circular and more globose than usual, and do not 
 hug the base of the antennae so closely. 
 
 Length of body, .6 in.; of hind femora, .4 in.; of ovi- 
 positor, .27 ; of antennae, 1 in. 1 9 . 
 
 Rock Island, Illinois, (Uhler.) 
 
 9. C. CALIFORNIANUS, HOV. Sp. 
 
 Fuscous, paler beneath and upon the front of the head ; 
 a narrow pale median line ; eyes black ; palpi pale ; 
 antennae light brown. The hind femora are short and 
 thick, and have no spines upon the under-surface ; the 
 claws of all the tarsi are quite long ; the ovipositor is re- 
 markably short, no longer than the cerci ; the denticula- 
 tions of the inner valves are rather prominent but dull. 
 
 Length of body, .53 in. ; of hind femora, .22 in. ; of ovi- 
 positor, .09 in. 19. 
 
 San Francisco, Cal. (Mus. Comp. Zool.) 
 
 I have a species from Texas, apparently more closely 
 allied to this than to any other, though with an ovipositor 
 of ordinary length, but in too mutilated a condition for 
 description. 
 
 10. C. STYGIUS. 
 
 Raphidophora stygia, Scudd., Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. ; 
 
 VIII. 9. (1861.) 
 
 Hickman's Cave, Kentucky, (Hyatt.) 
 
of the North American Orthoptera. 439 
 
 11. C. AGASSIZII. 
 
 Raphidophora Agassizii, Scudd., Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. 
 
 Hist; VIII. 11. (1861). 
 Gulf of Georgia, Washington Territory, (A. Agassiz.) 
 
 12. C. GRACILIPES. 
 
 Phalangopsis gracilipes, Hald., Proc. Am. Ass. Adv. 
 
 Sc. ; II. 346. (1850.) 
 
 Raphidophora gracilipes, Scudd., Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. 
 
 Hist. ; VIII. 7. (1861.) 
 
 This has longer legs than any other species, unless it be 
 C. stygia, which it much resembles in style of marking 
 and length of antennae ; this, together with the two pre- 
 ceding species, frequently have little suppressed spines 
 upon the inner edge of the upper posterior half of the 
 hind femora. 
 
 S. Illinois, (Uhler.) N. York, (Uhler.) Schooley's Mt., 
 New Jersey, (Mus. Comp. Zool.) 3 g. 
 
 The first eight species of Ceuthophilus mentioned agree 
 together remarkably in the distribution of the markings 
 of the dorsum, as do also the three last among them- 
 selves, while C. californianus and the undescribed Texan 
 species form a third distinct group. 
 
 HADENCECUS, Nov. gen. (adrje, 
 
 Body small and slender ; head similar to Ceuthophilus ; 
 antennae, very long and slender, exceeding the length of 
 the body many times ; basal joints much as in Ceuthophi- 
 lus^ except that the second is broader, and the fourth is 
 more than half the length of the third ; eyes as in Ceu- 
 thophilus; maxillary palpi very long and slender ; first joint 
 short ; second fully twice as long as first ; third quite long, 
 fully equalling twice the length of second ; fourth nearly 
 as long as the third, slender at the base, thickened towards 
 the tip ; fifth, longer than third, of a similar form to the 
 fourth, but more incrassated at the tip, compressed lat- 
 
440 Materials for a Monograph 
 
 erally, slightly curved, and split on the underside only 
 at the tip. Tubercle of the vertex very small, pointed, 
 bilobed. Epimera of the meso- and metathorax not cov- 
 ered by the sides of the meso- and metanotum ; wings 
 wanting ; metasternum with a short sharp spine ; legs re- 
 markably long and slender ; coxae carinated externally, the 
 first pair having the carina elevated in the middle to a point ; 
 femora without spines; hind femora turned inwards and 
 a little swollen at the base, extending over only the basal 
 half; under-surface delicately channelled; the two anterior 
 tibiae are slightly longer than their corresponding femora ; 
 tarsi much compressed laterally ; anal cerci long and slen- 
 der ; ovipositor long and slightly ensiform, rounded off 
 very gradually at the extremity to a delicate point. 
 
 This genus differs from Rhaphidophora in the propor- 
 tional lengths of the joints of the maxillary palpi, in the 
 want of spines on the first two pair of femora, and the 
 peculiarity of character in those of the posterior tibise and 
 basal tarsal joint, as well as the shape of the latter, in the 
 convexity of the eyes, and in the non-development of 
 spines on the coxae of the mesothoracic legs ; most prob- 
 ably Raphid. palpata, Charp., of Europe, belongs to this 
 genus. 
 
 1. H. SUBTERRANEA. 
 
 Raphidophora subterranea. Scudd., Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. 
 
 Hist. ; VIII. 8. (1861.) 
 Mammoth Cave, Kentucky, (Hyatt, D. C. Scudder.) 
 
 TROPIDISCHIA, Nov. gen. (T/DOTUC, to%ia). 
 
 Head similar to Ceuthophilus ', antennae long and slen- 
 der, about three times the length of the body ; first joint 
 large and stout, considerably longer than broad ; second 
 much smaller but broader than the succeeding ; third long 
 and slender, narrowing anteriorly, the rest unequal ; eyes 
 subovate, very globose, slightly removed from the basal 
 
of the North American Orthoptera. 441 
 
 joint of antennas; maxillary palpi, long and slender; first 
 and second joints short, the second a little the longer; third 
 more than twice the length of the second ; fourth nearly 
 as long as third ; fifth nearly equal to third and fourth 
 together, a very little curved, swollen at the tip, and split 
 a little way down the under-side ; tubercle of the vertex 
 small, but sharply prominent, deeply bisected ; sides of the 
 thoracic nota shorter than in Hadenoscus^ the meso- and 
 metanotum not extending downwards so far as the pro- 
 notum ; wings wanting ; legs long and slender, especially 
 the hindmost pair ; the coxae have the lower edge pro- 
 duced on the inner side to a small dull spine, and they are 
 also carinated externally, the carinae of the pro- and meso- 
 thorax being produced to a spine as in Ceuthophilus ; the 
 femora and tibiae are four-sided, and have all the edges 
 minutely and closely spined, except the posterior femora ; 
 these are swollen, though not heavily, at the basal portion, 
 which is not turned inwards, as in the two preceding 
 genera, and has the rectangular spinous character of the 
 other femora upon the terminal half, and even affecting 
 the swollen portion ; the under-surface is deeply and nar- 
 rowly channelled ; the two anterior tibiae are somewhat 
 longer than their corresponding femora ; there are no 
 heavy spines upon any portion of the legs except upon 
 the extremity of the hind tibiae where there is a pair of 
 moderately long ones ; tarsi much compressed laterally ; 
 anal cerci blunt, channelled interiorly. 
 
 This genus differs from Raphidophora in the character of 
 its maxillary palpi, the absence of any peculiar develop- 
 ment of spines upon the legs, in the shape of the joints of 
 the tarsi, and the globosity of the eyes. 
 
 1. T. XANTHOSTOMA. 
 
 Raphidophora, xanthostoma, Scudd., Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. 
 
 Hist. : VIII. 12. (1861.) 
 Crescent City, Cal. (A. Agassiz.) 
 
 JOURNAL B. S. N. H. 66 NOVEMBER, 1862. 
 
442 Materials for a Monograph 
 
 UDEOPSYLLA, Nov. gen. (oiJd 
 
 This genus is to be placed between Ceuthophilus and 
 Daihinia. The body is heavier and stouter than in Ceu- 
 thophilus^ with a larger head; the form of the body is 
 that of Ceuthophilus; antennaB as in Daihinia; first joint 
 larger and stouter than the rest, as broad as long, com- 
 pressed anteriorly ; third joint twice as long as second ; 
 remainder unequal ; eyes small, subpyriform, docked on 
 the antennal border, globose; maxillary palpi rather long; 
 first and second joints equal and small ; third, more than 
 equal to the preceding together ; fourth, little more than 
 half as long as third ; fifth, a little longer than third, some- 
 what curved, split along the whole under side ; as in Ceu- 
 thophilus the pro- meso- and metanota nearly conceal the 
 epimera of the thoracic segments ; coxae differing but 
 slightly from Ceuthophilus ; hind femora very heavy, 
 thick, and especially broad, but not so much so as in Dai- 
 hinia^ where, as in this genus, the whole limb is swollen, 
 and not the basal portion only, as in the preceding genera ; 
 in the males the hind femora are spined beneath ; the fore 
 and middle femora are shorter and heavier here and in 
 Daihinia than in Ceuthophilus ; tarsi, with the first and 
 fourth joints equal and longest ; second and third equal and 
 small, the second overlapping the third above ; 
 t^^-^ ^ ne ovipositor is rather short, thick at base, slen- 
 
 Fig. 2. der at apical half, terminating much as in Ceu- 
 thophilus. 
 
 This genus differs from Daihinia in the longer, more 
 slender, less robust, and less spinous legs, in the some- 
 what more slender body and smaller head, in the shorter 
 maxillary palpi, and in the structure of the tarsal joints. 
 See figs. 2, 3. 
 
 1. U. ROBUSTA. 
 
 Phalangopsis (Daihinia) robustus, Hald., Proc. Am. Ass. 
 Adv. Sc.; 11.346. (1850.) 
 
of the North American Orthoptera. 443 
 
 Platte River above Fort Laramie, Nebraska, (Mus. Comp. 
 Zool.) 2^29. 
 
 I have examined Haldeman's types. 
 
 2. U. NIGRA, nov. sp. (Fig. 2.) 
 
 Shining black, with a faintly indicated, narrow, reddish 
 dorsal line, a reddish tinge on the front of the face, the 
 basal half of the inner surface of hind femora and the ter- 
 minal half of the ovipositor, reddish. The hind femora of 
 the male have, upon either edge of the under-surface, but 
 especially on the inner, short but heavy spines, not 
 crowded ; the hind tibiae are furnished on either edge of 
 the upper surface with four or five opposite, long, and slen- 
 der spines, between each two of which are placed three or 
 four suppressed spines ; there is a single row of short 
 spines upon the under-surface, which become double to- 
 wards the tip ; the inner valves of the ovipositor have 
 five teeth, growing longer and more curved towards the 
 tip, where they are very long and slender. 
 
 Length of body, .8-.9 in. ; of hind femora 9 .56 in. ; $ .68 
 in. ; of ovipositor, .33 in. ; of antennae, about an inch. 1 $ 
 1 9. 
 Red River of the North, (Kennicott.) Minnesota, (S. H. S.) 
 
 DAIHINIA, HALDEMAN. 
 
 In this genus, while the tarsi of the mesothoracic legs 
 are as they appear in allied genera, the tarsal joints of the 
 anterior and posterior pair are only three in num- 
 ber, the first and last being of nearly equal a 
 length, with a single small joint between them, 
 a very interesting exception to the almost univer- ^ < ~~ 
 sal rule among the Locustarice. (See Fig. 3, Fig. 3. 
 a.b.) 
 
 1. D. BREVIPES, Hald., Proc. Am. Ass. Adv. Sc. ; II. 346. 
 (Fig. 3.) (1850.) 
 
 D. brevipes, Girard, Orthop. in Marcy's Expl. Red 
 River of Louisiana ; 246. Zool. PI. XV. figs. 9-13, (1854.) 
 
444 Materials for a Monograph 
 
 Platte River above Fort Laramie, Nebraska, (Mus. Com p. 
 Zool.) 2 , 1 9. 
 
 I have examined Haldeman's types. 
 
 CYRTOPHYLLUS, BUKMEISTEK. 
 * 1. C. CONCAVUS. 
 
 Pterophylla concava, Say Mss. and Harr., Enc. Am.; 
 
 VIII. 42. (1831.) 
 
 " Harr., Cat, Ins. Mass. ; 56. (1835.) 
 
 Platyphyllum concavum, Harr., Report, 3d ed. ; 1 58, fig. 
 
 74. (1862.) 
 
 Platyphyllum perspicillatum^ Serv. teste Erich son, Archiv- 
 
 f. Nat. ; IX. 227. (see No. 2.) (1843.) 
 
 " Uhl. in Harr., Report, 3d 
 
 ed. ; 158. (1862.) 
 
 (Not Locusta perspicillala, Fabr.) 
 
 Mass., (H. Coll., Agassiz.) Conn., (Norton.) N. Y., 
 (Edwards, Akhurst.) 
 
 2. C. PERSPICILLATUS, Burm., Handb. d. Ent. ; II. 697. 
 
 (1838.) 
 
 Locusta perspicillata, Fabr., Spec. Ins. ; I. 357. (1781.) 
 
 Fabr., Mant. Ins. ; 1.233. (1787.) 
 
 Fabr., Ent. Syst. ; II. 36. (1793.) 
 
 " " Stoll, Spectres, etc. ; PI. VII. a. fig. 
 
 23. (1813.) 
 
 Platyphyllum perspicillatum^ Serv., Hist. Nat. d. Orth. ; 
 445. (1839.) 
 
 This species differs from the northern one in its shorter, 
 but equally broad wing covers, in the slightly broader so- 
 norous apparatus of the male, and in the more robust legs. 
 
 i $. 
 
 Texas, (Mus. Comp. Zool.) 
 
 PHYLLOPTERA, SERVILLE. 
 
 * 1. P. OBLONGIFOLIA, Burm., Handb. d. Ent. ; II. 693. 
 
 (1838.) 
 
of the North American Orthoptera. 445 
 
 Locusta oblongifolia, De Geer, Mem.; III. 445. PL 
 
 38, fig. 2. (1773.) 
 
 Gryllus oblongifolius, Harr., Cat. Ins. Mass. ; 56. (1835.) 
 
 Phylloptera oblongifolia^ Harr., Report, 3d ed. ; 159. 
 
 (omitting figure) (1862.) 
 
 Mass., (H. Coll., Agassiz, S. H. S.) 3 <J, 2 9. 
 
 * 2. P. ROTUNDIFOLIA, nov. sp. (Fig. 4), figured as P. ob- 
 longifolia^ Harris' Report, 3d ed., fig. 75. 
 
 This species agrees with the preceding in coloration in 
 every respect, unless the color of the ovipositor of the fe- 
 male be different in fresh specimens. The wings and 
 wing-covers are much shorter than in P. oblongifolia, the 
 wing-covers, in consequence, being more ovoid. It differs 
 from that species, also, in the shape of the prothorax, which, 
 in P. oblongifolia^ is much narrower at the anterior than at 
 the posterior border, and has the angle formed by the de- 
 flexion of the sides quite sharp, while in P. rotundifolia 
 the posterior border is scarcely wider than the anterior, and 
 the angle of the sides is rounded. It is a smaller species 
 than P. oblongifolia. 
 
 Length of body, .8 in. ; of wing covers, 1 in. ; of wings, 
 (when closed,) 1.17 in. ; of hind femora, .87 in. ; of ovipos- 
 itor, .37 in. 
 
 Mass., (Sanborn, Miss Edmands.) Vermont, (Mus. 
 Comp. Zool.) Conn., (Norton.) Rhode Island, (H. Coll.) 
 Illinois, (Mus. Comp. Zool.) 
 
 3. P. CAUDATA, nOV. Sp. 
 
 Similar in general appearance to P. oblongifolia, but 
 having a larger body, with slightly longer wings, much 
 longer legs, and a very long ovipositor. The prothorax is 
 narrowed anteriorly, as in P. oblongifolia, while the lat- 
 eral angles are rounded as in P. rotundifolia. The spec- 
 imen I have examined is old and discolored, but faint 
 tinges of green are left upon some parts, indicating that 
 the general color was as in the preceding species. 
 
446 Materials for a Monograph 
 
 Length of body, 1 in. ; of wing covers, 1.5 in.; of wings, 
 (when closed,) 1.8 in. ; of hind femora. 1.4 in, ; of oviposi- 
 tor, .8 in. I?. 
 
 Texas, (Mus. Comp. Zobl.) 
 
 MICROCENTRUM, Nov. gen. (//j/cpdf, 
 
 Head oval, broader and stouter than in Phylloptera ; tu- 
 bercle of the vertex somewhat prominent, scarcely broader 
 than first joint of antennae, slightly furrowed ; eyes broadly 
 oval, very prominent ; first joint of antennae as broad as 
 long, second one-third as large but also stout, remainder 
 long and slender, cylindrical. Prothorax flat or very slightly 
 concave above, anterior border very slightly concave, pos- 
 terior quite convex ; the sides nearly parallel, the length 
 but little surpassing the breadth ; lateral carinae quite 
 sharp ; lobes of the side straight in front, well rounded and 
 curving forwards behind, rounded beneath, deeper than 
 broad ; wing-covers with the triangular superior surface 
 extending backwards farther than in Phylloptera, and the 
 wing-covers themselves not regularly rounded as there, 
 but with the inner border straighter till 
 near the tip, the outer border sloped off 
 toward the tip, and the tip itself more 
 Flg ' 4 ' pointed (see figs. 4 and 5) ; legs slender, 
 
 much shorter than in Phyl- 
 loptera, especially the met- 
 athoracic; ovipositor very 
 short, strongly curved, and 
 bluntly pointed. 
 This genus differs from Phylloptera, to which it is most 
 nearly allied, especially by the cut of the wing-covers and 
 the shortness of the hind legs and ovipositor. 
 
 1. M. RETINERVIS. 
 
 Phylloptera retinervis, Burm., Handb. d. Ent. ; II. 692. 
 
 (1838.) 
 
of the North American Orthoptera. 447 
 
 Phylloptera curvicauda, Harr., Report, 3d ed. ; 161, note. 
 
 (1862.) 
 
 (Not Locusta curvicauda^ De Geer.) 
 North Carolina, (H. Coll.) Georgetown, D. C., (Mus. 
 Comp. Zool.) 2 $. 
 
 *2. M. AFFILIATUM, HOV. Sp. (Fig. 5.) 
 
 This species is very closely allied to the preceding, but 
 is a larger insect ; the hind femora are proportionally 
 shorter when compared with the wing-covers ; the eyes are 
 less prominent than there, and the tubercle of the vertex 
 is slightly broader, with a broader and shorter medial fur- 
 row, forming rather a sort of shallow pit. A further dis- 
 tinction is seen in that the slightly hollowed front of the 
 prothorax has a very small central tooth, which does not 
 exist in M. retinervis. 
 
 Length of wing-covers, 1.75 in. ; breadth, .56 in. ; of 
 hind femora, .9 in. ; of ovipositor, .24 in. 4 <, 2 9. 
 
 Mass., (H. Coll., Miss Edmands.) Maryland, (Uhler.) 
 Key West, (Mus. Comp. Zool.) Texas, (Mus. Comp. 
 Zool.) Nebraska, (Mus. Comp. Zool.) 
 
 3. M. THORACICUM, nov. sp. 
 
 Locusta maxima viridis alis latissimis, Sloane., Nat. Hist. 
 Jamaica; IJ. 201. PI. 236, figs. 1, 2. (1725.) 
 
 Tubercle of the vertex rather prominent, narrow, faintly 
 bilobed and divergent at the apex, with a narrow median 
 groove ; eyes as in M. affiliatum, but large ; prothorax con- 
 stricted anteriorly, the front border straight; side lobes 
 broader and more amply rounded than in other species ; 
 lateral carinae quite prominent, transversely ridged, raised 
 at the posterior half quite considerably, and pinched where 
 it is highest ; hind border not so convex as in the preceding 
 species, and slightly angulated ; the top of the prothorax 
 is hollowed, and has a faint medial and transverse furrow ; 
 wing-covers very closely and minutely punctured through- 
 out ; posterior tibiae triquetral, expanded upon the upper 
 
448 Materials for a Monograph 
 
 surface, with a row of fine spines upon either side, a single 
 row beneath ; upper surface flat from tip to quite near the 
 base, where it is suddenly rounded ; ovipositor very small, 
 slender, sharply upturned. The only specimen I have seen 
 was preserved in alcohol, but still exhibits a short, median, 
 longitudinal, blood-red streak on the face, and has the pos- 
 terior third of the lateral carinse of prothorax, with the 
 whole hind border, edged with black. 
 
 Length of wing-cover, 2.2 in. ; breadth, .8 in. ; length 
 of wings beyond wing-cover, .2 in. ; of hind femora, 1.2 
 in. ; of ovipositor, .25 in. 1 . 
 
 Tortugas, Florida, (Mus. Comp. Zool.) 
 
 This species seems closely allied to Phylloptera azteca, 
 Sauss. 
 
 PHANEROPTERA, SERVILLE. 
 
 *1. P. CURVICAUDA, Serv., Ann. Sc. Nat; XXII. 159. 
 
 (1831.) 
 
 Phaneroptera curvicauda, Burm., Handb. d. Ent. ; II. 
 
 691. (1838.) 
 
 Locusta curvicauda, De Geer, Mem. ; III. 446. PI. 38, 
 
 fig. 3. (1773.) 
 
 Gryllus locusta myrtifolius, Drury, 111. Ex. Ent. ; II. 78. 
 
 PI. 41, fig. 2. (1773.) 
 
 Gryllus (Phyllopterus) myrtifolius, Drury, 111. Ex. Ent. 
 (ed. Westw.) ; II. 88. PI. 41, fig. 2, (omit- 
 ting synonymy.) (1837.) 
 
 Pterophylla curvicauda, Harr., Cat. Ins. Mass. ; 56. 
 
 (1835.) 
 
 Phaneroptera augustifolia^ Harr., Report, 3d ed. ; 160. 
 
 fig. 76. (1862.) 
 
 This species varies very much in size, and in the pro- 
 portions of the length of the wing-cover to its breadth. I 
 have seen specimens from Texas which apparently belong 
 to this species. 
 
 Mass., (H. Coll., Agassiz, Shurtleff, Sanborn, S. H. S.) 
 
of the North American Orthoptera. 449 
 
 Conn. (Norton.) Maine, (Packard.) Red River Settle- 
 ments, British Am. (S. H. S.) 
 
 CONOCEPHALUS, THUNBERG. 
 
 *1. C. ENSIGER, Harr., Report, 3d ed.; 163. fig. 79. 
 
 (1862.) 
 
 C. ensiger, Harr., Cat. Ins. Mass. ; 56. (1835.) 
 
 Locus ta acuminata^ Stoll, Spectres ; PL VIII. a. fig. 27. 
 
 (1813.) 
 
 (Not Locusta acuminata. Linn, and De Geer, nor Locusta 
 acuminata, Fabr.) 
 
 Mass., (H. Coll., Sanborn, Shurtleff.) Cape Cod, (S. H. 
 S.) Vermont, (H. Coll.) Conn., (Norton, S. H. S.) Il- 
 linois, (Mus. Comp. Zool.) Minnesota, (S. H. S.) Ne- 
 braska, (Mus. Comp. Zool.) 
 
 * 2. C. ROBUSTUS, nov. sp. 
 
 Either pea-green or dirty brown ; tubercle of the vertex 
 tipped with black, not extending, or but very faintly and 
 narrowly, down the sides ; lateral carinse of prothorax pale 
 yellowish ; wing-covers dotted with irregularly distributed 
 black dots, most conspicuous in the brownish individuals. 
 In form as in coloration, this species is much like C. ensiger. 
 The shape of the conical projection of the vertex is the same, 
 or a little stouter ; it is a larger species, much broader and 
 stouter than it, the wings broader, and when compared 
 with the hind femora, a little longer than they are in C. en- 
 siger ; the spines upon the under side of the hind femora 
 are larger than there, being noticed easily with the unas- 
 sisted eye; the ovipositor of the female is much shorter 
 than in C. ensiger^ and finally the insect is much broader 
 across the mesothorax, with a heavier sonorous apparatus 
 in the male ; wing-covers fully as long as the wings in the 
 male ; slightly longer than the wings in the female. The 
 only difference between this species and C. ensiger in col- 
 oration is the usual lacking of the spots on the wing-cover 
 
 JOURNAL B. S. N. H- 57 NOVEMBER, 1862. 
 
450 Materials for a Monograph 
 
 in the latter, and in the same the presence of a broad 
 black band on either side of the tubercle of the vertex, 
 which exists in the former but seldom, and then it is very 
 narrow. 
 
 $ Length of wings, 1.7 in. ; breadth in middle, .32 in. ; 
 of hind femora, .9 in. 9 Length of wing-covers, 1.9 in. ; 
 extent of wing-covers beyond wings, .1 in. ; breadth of 
 wing-covers in middle, .22 in. ; length of hind femora, 1 in. ; 
 of ovipositor, 1 in. 17 $ green, 19 $ brown, 1 9 green. 
 Cape Cod, by the sea-beach, Sept. (S. H. S.) 
 This peculiarity of having its individuals either wholly 
 green or wholly brown, extends to C. ensiger also, and is 
 found in both while the animals are alive ; I have never 
 seen a brown 9 alive. 
 
 3. C. OBTUSUS, Burm., Handb. d. Ent. ; II. 705. (1838.) 
 C. dissimilis, Serv., Hist. Nat. d. Orth. ; 518. (1839.) 
 " Harr., Report, 3d ed. ; 164. (1862.) 
 
 Georgia, (Mus. Comp. Zool.) 7 9. 
 
 4. C. UNCINATUS, Harr., Report, 3d ed. ; 164. (1862.) 
 The legs in this species are much shorter and more ro- 
 bust than in any other American species I have seen. 
 Length of hind femora .65 in. I have seen only Harris's 
 original specimen. 1 9. 
 
 Alabama, (H. Coll.) 
 
 5. C. CREPITANS, nov. sp. 
 
 The specimens I have examined were dried after an im- 
 mersion in alcohol, and are uniform in their coloration 
 throughout, with indications of light yellow lateral streaks 
 on the prothorax, as in (7. robustus ; the tubercle of the 
 vertex is devoid of markings ; the shape of the tubercle 
 is very similar to C. robustus , but it is stouter than there ; 
 head and prothorax punctured throughout, the latter with 
 a faintly impressed median line. This is a large species, 
 broad across the mesothorax as in C. robustus^ having very 
 long and narrow wings, long and slender legs, and a 
 rather long ovipositor. 
 
of the North American Orthoptera. 451 
 
 Length of body 1.5 in. ; of wing-covers $ 2 in., 9 2.4 
 in. ; breadth in middle $ .33 in., 9 .28 in. ; length of hind 
 femora $ 1.1 in., 9 1.3 in. ; of ovipositor 1.43 in. ; of tu- 
 bercle of vertex beyond the eye .12 in., 1 ^,2 9. 
 
 Texas, (Mus. Comp. Zool.) Nebraska, (Mus. Comp. 
 Zool.) 
 
 XIPHIDIUM, SERVILLE. 
 
 * 1. X. FASCIATUM, Serv., Ann. Sc. Nat. ; XXII. 159. 
 
 (1831.) 
 
 Locusta fasciata, De Geer, Mem.; III. 458. PL 40, fig. 4. 
 
 (1773.) 
 
 Pterophylla fasciata, Harr., Cat. Ins. Mass.; 56. (1835.) 
 Orchelimum gracile, Harr., Report, 3d ed. ; 163. Fig. 78. 
 
 (1862.) 
 
 Xiphidium fasciatum, Burm., Handb. d. Ent. ; II. 708. 
 
 (1838.) 
 
 Mass., (H. Coll., Shurtleff, Sanborn, Miss Edmands, 
 Agassiz, S. H. S.) Maine, (Packard.) Vermont, (H. Coll.) 
 Rhode Island, (H. CoU.) Conn., (Norton.) Cape Cod, 
 (S. H. S.) 
 
 * 2. X. BREVIPENNIS, HOV, Sp. 
 
 Size of X.fasciatum, with which it agrees in coloration 
 throughout, except that the wings are a little darker, the 
 dorsal band is a little broader, and the ovipositor is of a 
 reddish brown throughout, while in X.fasciatum it is green 
 at the base ; wings .08 in. shorter than the wing-covers ; 
 both shorter than the body ; ovipositor nearly equalling 
 the hind femora in length. In these respects it differs very 
 much from X.fasciatum. 
 
 Length of body, .5 inch ; of wing-covers, .33 in. ; of hind 
 femora, .43 in. ; of ovipositor, .4 in. 
 
 Mass., (H. Coll., Agassiz, Miss Edmands, ShurtlefF, San- 
 born, S. H. S.) Cape Cod, (S. H. S.) Maine, (Packard.) 
 
 3. X. ENSIFER, nov. sp. 
 
 Green, with a reddish brown broad central stripe on top 
 
452 Materials for a Monograph 
 
 of head and prothorax, narrowed in front, extending to tip 
 of tubercle of vertex; wings very nearly of the same 
 length as the wing-covers, both shorter than body, as in 
 X. brevipennis ; ovipositor very long, exceeding the length 
 of the hindmost femora, of a brown color, deepest toward 
 apex. 
 
 Length of body, .55 in. ; of wing-covers, .30 in. ; of hind 
 femora, .48 in. ; of ovipositor, .6 in. 29. 
 
 Lawn Ridge, Illinois, (Mus. Comp. Zool.) 
 
 ORCHELIMUM, SERVILLE. 
 
 * 1. O. VULGARE, Harr., Report, 3d ed. ; 162. Fig. 77. 
 
 (1862.) 
 
 Pterophylla agilis, Harr., Cat. Ins. Mass. ; 56. (1835.) 
 Mass., (H. Coll., Sanborn, S. H. S.) Cape Cod, (S. H. 
 S.) Conn., (Norton.) 
 
 * 2. O. CONCINNUM, nov. sp. 
 
 $ Brownish green ; a dark reddish brown dorsal streak 
 upon the head and prothorax, becoming faint towards the 
 hind border of prothorax, and narrowing anteriorly to the 
 width of the tubercle of the vertex, passing over this down 
 the front to the labrum, expanding broadly in the middle 
 of the face ; legs brownish green, tarsi dark brown, spines 
 of tibiae tipped with black ; abdominal appendages reddish 
 brown ; wing-covers pellucid, veins grass-green, except 
 the heavy transverse vein of the sonorous apparatus, which 
 is brown; wings pale brownish green, extending a little 
 beyond wing-covers ; 9 having the same markings as the 
 $ except that all the nervures of the wing-covers are 
 brown, and the wings are more dusky, and are shorter 
 than the wing-covers; ovipositor reddish brown, a little 
 curved and very pointed; a much slenderer and more 
 graceful form than O. vulgare. 
 
 Length of body, .7 in. ; of wing-covers, .84 in. ; of wings 
 beyond wing-covers, .08 in. ; of hind femora, .6 in. ; of 
 ovipositor, .32 in. 1 <J, 2 9. 
 
of the North American Orthoptera. 453 
 
 Cape Cod, (S. H. S.) 
 
 * 3. O. GLABERRIMUM. 
 
 Xiphidium glaberrimum, Burm., Handb. d. Ent. ; II. 707. 
 
 (1838.) 
 
 The dorsal band here is bordered with black, as is also 
 the outer edge of the sonorous apparatus of the male ; 
 antennae very long; ovipositor slightly expanded in the 
 middle. 
 
 Conn., (Norton.) Georgia, (Gerhard.) 1 <, 1 9. 
 
 4. O. AGILE. 
 
 Locusta agilis, De Geer, Mem. ; III. 457. PI. 40, fig. 3. 
 
 (1773.) 
 
 Xiphidium agile, Burm., Handb. d. Ent. ; II. 707. (1838.) 
 
 This species has a short ovipositor, shaped much as in 
 O. vulgare, and a very narrow dark median streak down 
 the face ; it has a shorter pronotum than O. vulgare. 
 
 Maryland, (Uhler.) Illinois, (Mus. Comp. Zool.) 2 9. 
 
 5. O. LONGIPENNIS, HOV. Sp. 
 
 Dorsal band on head dark reddish brown, broad, nar- 
 rowing to the width of tubercle of vertex, not extending 
 6ver the face, divided on the pronotum, forming two nar- 
 row bands, scarcely reaching either front or hind border ; 
 wing-covers very long and slender, a little shorter than the 
 wings ; tarsi with first two joints brown, the other two 
 dark green ; ovipositor not long, pointed, reddish brown ; 
 antennae extending back beyond tip of wings. 
 
 Length of wing-covers, 1.16 in. ; of wings beyond wing- 
 covers, .1 in. ; of hind femora, .72 in. ; of ovipositor, .32 in. 
 1 9. 
 
 Texas, (Mus. Comp. Zool.). 
 
 THYREONOTUS, SERVILLE. 
 * 1. T. PACHYMERUS. 
 
 Decticus pachymerus, Burm., Handb. d. Ent. ; II. 712. 
 
 (1838.) 
 
454 Materials for a Monograph 
 
 Conn., (Norton.) Mammoth Cave, Kentucky, (Hyatt.) 
 1 ?,29. 
 
 * 2. T. DORSALIS. 
 
 Decticus dorsalis, Burm., Handb. d. Ent; II. 713. (1838.) 
 Mass., (Sanborn.) Khode Island, (H. Coll.) Maryland, 
 (Uhler.) 6 9. 
 
 Among other distinctions between these two species, it 
 may be seen that T. pachymerus has the pronotum well 
 rounded behind, while the hind margin of the other is 
 nearly square ; and the ovipositor is longer in T. dorsale 
 than in T. pachymerus^ as are also the hind legs. 
 
 ACRYDII, Latreille. 
 OPOMALA, SERVILLE (emend.) 
 
 * 1. O. BRACHYPTERA, nOV. Sp. 
 
 Above reddish brown, dotted faintly with black, extend- 
 ing a little over the sides ; sides dirty yellowish brown, 
 with a faint dark streak extending from lower border of 
 eye backwards over the lower border of pronotum ; face 
 dirty yellowish brown, dotted faintly with brownish spots ; 
 antennae brown, darkest toward tip ; legs reddish brown $ 
 tarsi darker, tibiae with black tipped spines ; hind femora 
 with a row of black dots on upper edge, terminal lobe 
 black ; hind tibiae at base and on under side toward the 
 tip, black ; wing covers yellowish brown ; vertex of the 
 head rather prominent, suddenly swollen in advance of 
 the eyes, from thence sloping to a blunt rounded point, 
 the edge upturned, and the median ridge prominent and 
 sharp, becoming rounded on the head; wing-covers but 
 little more than half the length of body ; wings very short, 
 nearly abortive. 
 
 Length of body, 1.05 in. ; of antennae, 46 in. ; of vertex' 
 .053 in. ; of hind femora, .52 in. ; of wing-covers, .42 in 
 of wings, .1 in. 1 $. 
 
 Princeton, Mass. (S. H. S.). 
 
of the North American Orthoptera. 455 
 
 CHLOEALTIS, HARRIS. 
 
 Chrysochraon, Fisch. Fr. 
 
 * 1. C. CONSPERSA, Harr., Report, 3d <ed. ; 184. (1862.) 
 C.abortiva, " " " (1862.) 
 
 Mass., (Sanborn.) New Hampshire, (H. Coll.) Eastern 
 shore of Lake Winnipeg, British America, (S. H. S.) 
 5 specimens. 
 
 *2. C. VIRIDIS, nov. sp. 
 
 Vertex broad, expanding a little in advance of the eyes, 
 beyond which the sides slope so as to form a right angle 
 with each other, rounded at the apex ; the edge upturned 
 more or less ; pronotum with the median and lateral 
 carinae parallel, distinct, sharp ; wing-covers shorter than 
 the body, a little longer than the wings. 
 
 Top of head and prothorax green ; sides of head and 
 prothorax dirty brown, with an horizontal black band 
 behind the eye, extending over prothorax ; front of head 
 yellowish brown ; fore and hind legs reddish brown, meso- 
 thoracic legs green ; spines of tibiae tipped with black ; wing- 
 covers above green, upon the sides brown ; body beneath 
 yellowish. 9 varying from olivaceous green to dark brown, 
 with a dark band behind the eye as in the $ ; upon the 
 top of the head a dark band extends from either side of 
 the vertex, curving inwards and then outwards to midway 
 between the median and lateral carinae; hind tibiae red- 
 dish brown. 
 
 Length of body, $ .6 in., 9 1 in. ; of pronotum, $ .14 
 in. ; 9 .21 in. ; breadth of pronotum, $ .07 in., 9 .13 in. ; 
 length of hind femora, $ A in. ; 9 .6 in. ; of wing-covers, 
 $ .3 in., 9 .42 in. 3 specimens. 
 
 Conn., (Norton.) 
 
 *3. C. PUNCTULATA, HOV. Sp. 
 
 Vertex broad, much as in C. viridis, but slightly more 
 prominent ; sides of the pronotum very nearly parallel, 
 slightly divergent posteriorly; lateral and median carinsc 
 
456 Materials for a Monograph 
 
 distinct, sharp ; wing-covers extending to tip of abdomen 
 equally with the wings. 
 
 Vertex edged with reddish brown ; a narrow reddish 
 brown band extends along the lateral carinae of pronotum 
 to the eye, edged below with black ; it extends also 
 slightly upon the base of the wing-covers ; abdomen, 
 sternum, forelegs and mouth-parts, (except the black man- 
 dibles,) reddish brown ; hind tibiae yellowish brown, its 
 spines tipped with black ; all the tarsi darker ; wing-cov- 
 ers green, with scattered small brownish spots. 
 
 Length of body, .95 in. ; of pronotum, .19 in. ; width of 
 pronotum in middle, .09 in. ; length of hind femora, .54 in. ; 
 of wing-covers, .7 in. 19. 
 
 Conn., (Norton.) 
 
 STENOBOTHRUS, FISCHER FR. 
 
 * 1. S. CURTIPENNIS. 
 
 Locusta curtipenniS) Harr., Cat. Ins. Mass. ; 56. (1835.) 
 
 Chloealtis curtipennis^ Harr., Report, 3d ed. ; 184. PL 3, 
 fig. 1. (1862.) 
 
 This is our most common species, and is very abun- 
 dant. The figure in Harris's Report is a very poor one ; 
 the antennae are more than one half too short, and the 
 pronotum is inaccurately rendered. 
 
 Mass., (H. Coll., Agassiz, Miss Edmands, Shurtleff, San- 
 born, S. H. S.) Maine, (Packard.) Conn., (Norton, S. H. 
 S.) Red River Settlements, British America, (S. H. S.) 
 
 * 2. S. MELANOPLEURUS, HOV. Sp. 
 
 Vertex of the head broad, expanded to a blunt point on 
 either side in front of the eyes, triangular, very blunt at the 
 apex ; edge upturned with a very slight median ridge, 
 scarcely crossing the vertex ; no foveolaa ; pronotum with 
 lateral carinas nearly parallel, slightly approaching one 
 another in the middle ; median carina sharp, rather more 
 distinct than the lateral; posterior border of pronotum 
 
of the North American Orthoptera. 457 
 
 straight ; wing-covers slightly shorter than the body ; 
 wings nearly abortive. 
 
 Brown ; sides of the pronotum, and of the first, two or 
 three abdominal segments, shining black ; face and mouth- 
 parts paler; a reddish brown, curved streak on the top of 
 the head from inner edge of eye to lateral carinae of pro- 
 notum ; legs yellowish brown ; posterior femora with one 
 or two dark streaks on the sides ; posterior tibiae black at 
 tip and base. 
 
 Length of body, .67 in. ; of antennae, .39 in. ; of wing- 
 covers, .38 in. ; of hind femora, .42 in. 2 . 
 
 Mass., (S. H. S.) Maine, (Packard.) 
 
 Easily distinguished from any other species by the 
 black sides of the pronotum. 
 
 * 3. S. LONGIPENNIS, UOV. Sp. 
 
 Vertex of the head as in S. melanop/eurus, but with no 
 median ridge, and having very distinct foveolas, long, nar- 
 row, deep; lateral carinae of pronotum equally prominent 
 with the median, approximate, convergent anteriorly, di- 
 vergent at posterior border; coarse, shallow punctures on 
 the posterior half of pronotum ; posterior border arcuated ; 
 wing-covers longer than body; wings scarcely shorter than 
 wing-covers. 
 
 Head and thorax brown; a broad, black band on the 
 sides, behind the eye, extending to hind edge of pronotum, 
 limited above by the lateral carinae, below merging into 
 the brown ; a narrow, straight, longitudinal streak on top 
 of head, starting from inner border of the eye ; parts of the 
 mouth yellowish ; antennae yellowish brown at base, the 
 rest brown or black ; legs yellowish brown ; hind tibiae, ex- 
 cept the black base, and slender portion of hind femora 
 reddish brown, extremity black ; abdomen yellow beneath, 
 above brown ; wing-covers uniform brown. 
 
 Length of body, $ .55 in., 9 .7 in.; of antennas, .36 
 
 JOURNAL B. S. N. H. 58 NOVKMBEK, 1862. 
 
458 Materials for a Monograph 
 
 in., 9 .28 in. ; of hind femora, .44 in. ; of wing-covers, .65 
 in. 7 specimens. 
 
 Mass., (H. Coll., Miss Edmands, Sanborn, S. H. S.) 
 
 4. S. SPECIOSUS, nov. sp. 
 
 Vertex of the head quite broad, not -expanding at the 
 sides, apex not rounded, the sides of the angle straight ; 
 edges upturned considerably ; a slight median groove ; no 
 foveolae ; sides of the pronotum approximate, constricted 
 in the middle ; lateral foveolae not so prominent and sharp 
 as the median ; wings as long as the wing-covers, extend- 
 ing beyond the tip of abdomen. 
 
 Above brown ; below pale yellow ; face yellowish 
 brown; mouth-parts pale yellow; antennae reddish brown ; 
 a narrow, curved streak on top of the head from inner 
 edge of eye to lateral carinae; a narrow, straight, white 
 streak from eye to lateral carinse ; upper half of sides of 
 pronotum brownish, darkest above ; legs yellowish brown ; 
 spines of hind tibiae tipped with black; wing-covers brown- 
 ish at base, apical half pellucid, with rosaceous nervures ; 
 wings pellucid with rosaceous nervures ; costa with a dark 
 streak beyond the middle. 
 
 Length of body, .55 in. ; of antennae, .23 in. ; of hind 
 femora, .34 in. ; expanse of wing-covers, 1 in. ; of wings, 
 .44 in. 1 $ . 
 
 St. Paul, Minnesota, (S. H. S.) 
 
 The above-mentioned species have all immaculate wing- 
 covers ; those to be mentioned have all spots or streaks on 
 them. 
 
 * 5. S. MACULIPENNIS, HOV. Sp. 
 
 Vertex of the head rather broad, with elevated edges, 
 with no expansion of the sides in advance of the eyes ; the 
 apex blunt, with long, shallow foveolae, broader toward 
 the eye than at the apex ; lateral carinae of the pronotum 
 convergent at the anterior half, very divergent at the pos- 
 terior border, somewhat elevated but not rounded ; median 
 
of the North American Orthoptera. 459 
 
 carina sharp, high ; hind border of pronotum angulated, 
 angle rounded ; wings equally with wing-covers, extend- 
 ing back beyond the abdomen. 
 
 Head and top of pronotum green (some individuals 
 brown) ; a reddish-brown, broad band behind the eye 
 reaches the hind edge of sides of pronotum, limited above 
 by the lateral carinae, which are white, but crossing this 
 posteriorly and filling the triangular space on top of pro- 
 notum, made by the divergence of the carinae at the 
 posterior border ; sides of pronotum below the band 
 brownish ; wing-covers green, with a medial band of equi- 
 distant, square, black spots along its whole extent, besides 
 a few irregularly scattered smaller black spots ; sometimes 
 the inner halves of the wing-covers are entirely of a rust-red 
 color ; legs yellowish brown ; the hind femora sometimes 
 streaked ; the hind tibiae plumbeous, with a broad, pale, 
 indistinct annulation near the base ; antennas with the 
 basal half reddish, the apical brownish. 
 
 Length of body, $ .55 in., 9 .75 in.; of antennas, 9 .26 
 in. ; of hind femora, .45 in. ; of wing-covers, $ .4 in., 
 9 .7 in. 
 
 Mass., (H. Coll., Shurtleff, Sanborn, S. H. S.) 
 
 *6. S. ^EQUALIS, nov. sp. 
 
 Very similar in general appearance to S. maculipennis, 
 but a smaller species, with wing-covers extending only to 
 the extremity of abdomen. 
 
 Vertex of head broad and blunt, the sides slightly swol- 
 len at the anterior border of the eye, the apex blunt, and 
 all the angles rounded ; the edge slightly and not sharply 
 upturned ; foveolae shallow, short, nearly equiangular ; lat- 
 eral carinse of the pronotum curved inward a little in the 
 middle, not so prominent as the sharp medial carina ; hind 
 border slightly angular, but nearly straight ; wings and 
 wing-covers just reaching the extremity of the abdomen. 
 
 Colored much as in & maculipennis ; the lateral ca- 
 
460 Materials for a Monograph 
 
 rinse are yellow, and the band extends forwards to the eye ; 
 the band behind the eye is quite narrow, and the sides be- 
 low it green, like the parts above, and the triangular dash 
 of black upon the top of the pronotum at the hinder an- 
 gles is much narrower than there, on account of the lesser 
 divergence of the lateral carinae ; the medial band of the 
 wing-covers containing the square black spots is yellowish 
 brown as in S. maculipennis, and the extremity is pel- 
 lucid. 
 
 Length of body, .45 in., 9 .66 in.; of antennae, 
 $ .24 in., 9 .2 in. ; of hind femora, .3 in., 9 .38 in. ; 
 of wing-cover, $ .34 in., 9 .46 in. 
 
 Mass., (Shurtleff, Sanborn, S. H. S.) Maine, (Packard.) 
 N. Y., (H. Coll.) Minnesota, (S. H. S.) 
 *7. S. BILINEATUS, nov. sp. 
 
 Vertex of the head slightly swollen at anterior border of 
 the eye, but rounded as is also the apex ; edges not up- 
 turned ; foveolae only indicated by a very faint, scarcely 
 perceptible depression ; sides of the pronotum rather sud- 
 denly constricted in the middle, the lateral carinae broader 
 than the sharp medial one ; hind border of pronotum 
 slightly rounded ; wing-covers of the length of the abdo- 
 men. 
 
 Brown, generally dark ; face yellowish brown, blotched 
 with black ; a narrow black band extends from the tip of the 
 vertex along each side, extending back on to the pronotum 
 by the side of the lateral carinae to the posterior border, 
 widening upon the pronotum ; the usual black band be- 
 hind the eye is rather broad, and there is another similar 
 one on the pronotum farther down the side, with a yellow- 
 ish streak between them ; the wing-covers are brown with 
 a medial row of darker spots ; the legs are brownish, with 
 the extremity of the hind femora and the base of the hind 
 tibise darker. 
 
 Length of body, $ .5 in., 9 .65 in. ; of antennae, $ 
 
of the North American Orthoptera. 461 
 
 .22 in., 9 .19 in.; of hind femora, $ .32 in., 9 .36 in.; 
 of wing-covers, .36 in., 9 .41 in. 
 
 Mass., (H. Coll., Sanborn, Shurtleff, S. H. S.) 
 
 *8. S. PROPINQUANS, nov. sp. 
 
 Very similar to the preceding, but of a larger size, and 
 has proportionally longer wings. It is also closely allied 
 to S. macu/ipennis. 
 
 Vertex broad, expanding but slightly at anterior border 
 of the eye, the angle rounded, the apex blunt, edges 
 scarcely if at all raised, foveolae as in S. maculipennis, but 
 more shallow ; lateral carinae of pronotum somewhat con- 
 vergent in the middle, of equal prominence and sharpness 
 with the medial ; hind border of pronotum somewhat 
 rounded ; wings a little longer than abdomen. 
 
 Brown ; band behind eye quite broad ; lateral carinae 
 yellowish ; a faint curved dark band from inner border of 
 eye to lateral earinae ; antennae yellowish brown ; wing- 
 covers brownish at base, transparent at tip, with a medial 
 band of brown spots extending two thirds of the distance 
 to the tip ; legs yellowish brown ; hind tibiae plumbeous, 
 with a broad pale annulation at base. 
 
 Length of body, $ .6 in., 9 .75 in. ; of antennae, $ 
 .26 in., 9 .23 in. ; of hind femora, $ .38 in., 9 .48 in. ; 
 of wing-covers, $ .55 in., 9 .68 in. 
 
 Conn., (Norton.) Minnesota, (S. H. S.) 
 
 TRAGOCEPHALA, HARRIS. 
 
 * 1. T. INFUSCATA, Harr., Report, 3d ed. ; 181. (1862.) 
 Gomphocerus in/mcata, Uhl. in Harr., Report, 3d ed. ; 
 
 181. (1862.) 
 
 Mass., (H. Coll., Sanborn, Shurtleff.) Maine, (Packard.) 
 N. Hampshire, (H. Coll.) Conn., (Norton.) 
 
 * 2. T. VIRIDIFASCIATA, Harr., Report, 3d ed. ; 182. PJ. 3, 
 
 fig. 2. (1862.) 
 
 For synonymy see Harris's Report ; to which add : 
 
462 Materials for a Monograph 
 
 T. radiata, Harr., Report, 3d ed. ; 183. (1862.) 
 
 Locusta viridifasciata, Harr., Cat. Ins. Mass.; 56. (1835.) 
 Mass., (H. Coll., Shurtleff, Sanborn.) Maine, (Packard.) 
 Conn., (Norton.) Maryland, (Uhler.) 
 
 ARCYPTERA, SERVILLE. 
 
 Stetheophyma, Fischer Fr. 
 
 * 1. A. LINEATA, nOV. Sp. 
 
 Vertex of the head broad, slightly swollen at front bor- 
 der of the eye, apex docked, edge raised to a ridge, with a 
 medial ridge extending over the whole top of the head ; 
 foveolae small, shallow, triangular ; lateral carinae parallel 
 in anterior half of pronotum, somewhat divergent behind, 
 not so high as the medial, and much broken ; wing-covers 
 long and slender, with no swollen curves, the costal border 
 not so prominent near the base as is usual in this genus ; 
 pronotum rugose. 
 
 Dark brown ; a narrow curved dark line extends from 
 the upper border of the eye to the lateral carinse of the 
 pronotum, and is the inner limit of a broad brownish yel- 
 low band which extends from the eye to the lateral carinae, 
 whence it continues backwards along the carinaB ; below 
 this upon the upper border of the side extends another 
 broad black band from the eye to hind edge of pronotum ; 
 the medial carina is black ; the wing-covers have the cos- 
 tal edge dark, beneath which is a yellow streak extending 
 from base to the costal border at about two thirds the dis- 
 tance to the apex ; beneath this is a band, narrow and 
 black at base, broadening till it occupies the whole width 
 of wing-cover, and becoming brown toward the tip, while 
 the inner border is yellowish brown ; wings dusky, the 
 internal half with a yellowish tinge ; legs dark brown ; 
 hind femora black on the outer and inner surface, reddish 
 brown above, coral red below, with a white spot near apex, 
 and the tip black ; hind tibiae yellow with black spines, 
 
of the North American Orthoptera. 463 
 
 with the base and tip black, and a dusky annulation at the 
 upper limit of the spines. 
 
 Length of body, $ I in., 9 1.4 in. ; of wing-cover, 9 
 1.12 in. ; breadth of wing-cover in middle, 9 .22 in. ; 
 length of hind femora, .72 in. 1 <, 1 9. 
 
 Mass., (Sanborn.) 
 
 * 2. A. PLATYPTERA, HOV. Sp. 
 
 Vertex of head much as in A. lineata, with the apex 
 more rounded, and the edge scarcely prominent; foveolae 
 only discernible as faint depressions, slightly longer than in 
 A. lineata ; sides of pronotum regularly but slightly diver- 
 gent ; medial carina more prominent ; pronotum rugose as 
 in A. lineata ; wing-covers short and broad, costal border 
 considerably swollen near the base, internal border full. 
 
 Dark reddish brown, marked on head and prothorax sim- 
 ilarly to A. lineata, but with the colors much suppressed ; 
 wing-covers uniform pale brownish, transparent ; wings 
 transparent, colorless, with the nervures of the anterior 
 half black. 
 
 Length of body, 1.2 in. ; of wing-covers, .83 in. ; breadth 
 of wing-covers in middle. .21 in. ; length of hind femora 
 .68 in. 1 9. 
 
 New England, (Agassiz.) 
 
 * 3. A GRACILIS, nov. sp. 
 
 Vertex of the head as in A. lineata, except that it is more 
 pointed, narrower, and more rounded at the tip ; foveolas 
 long and narrow, triangular, rather deep ; pronotum as in 
 A. lineata ; wing-covers much as in A. platyptera, though 
 the costal border is not swollen so much. 
 
 Dark brown ; markings of head and thorax much as in 
 A. tineata^ though not so distinct ; the band on the upper 
 border of the sides of pronotum behind the eye is narrow, 
 instead of broad ; wing-covers uniform dusky brown, ex- 
 cept the internal border which is yellowish brown ; wings 
 as in A. lineata ; hind femora reddish, black at tip ; hind 
 
464 Materials for a Monograph 
 
 tibiaB as in A. line at a, with the markings rather more dis- 
 tinct. 
 
 Length of body, .85 in. ; of wing-covers, .78 in. ; 
 breadth of wing-covers in middle, .22 in. ; length of hind 
 femora, .52 in. 5 $ . 
 
 Maine, (Packard.) Red River Settlements, British 
 America, (S. H. S.) 
 
 PEZOTETTIX, BURMEISTER. 
 1. P. BOREALIS, nOV. Sp. 
 
 Vertex of the head with a broad longitudinal furrow in 
 advance of the middle of the eyes ; sides of pronotum very 
 nearly parallel, slightly wider at hind border which is arcu- 
 ate ; medial carina slightly higher than lateral, not promi- 
 nent ; wing-covers longer than wings, not quite reaching 
 the extremity of the abdomen. 
 
 Dark brown, darkest above ; a broad black band behind 
 the eye, extending over the upper portion of the sides of 
 pronotum to the hind border; front dark yellowish brown ; 
 mouth-parts dirty yellowish ; legs yellowish brown ; hind 
 femora streaked with black, with the tip black ; hind tibia) 
 reddish, with a faint paler annulation near base, the spines 
 tipped with black ; wing-covers dirty yellowish brown, 
 spotted irregularly with darker brown; wings colorless, a 
 little dusky on costal border. 
 
 Length of body, .65 in. ; of wing covers, .4 in. ; of hind 
 femora, .4 in. 
 
 Minnesota, (S. H. S.) Saskatchewan River, British 
 America, (S. H. S.) Lake Winnipeg, (S. H. S.) Anti- 
 costi, Gulf St. Lawrence, (Verrill.) 
 
 CALOPTENUS, SERVILLE (emend.) 
 
 * 1. C. FEMUR-RUBRUM, Burm., Handb. d. Ent. ; II. 638. 
 
 (1838.) 
 C. femur-rubrum, Uhler in Harr., Report, 3d ed. ; 174. 
 
 (1862.) 
 
of the North American Orthoptera. 465 
 
 Acrydium femur-rubrum, Harr., Cat. Ins. Mass. ; 56. 
 
 (1835.) 
 
 " Harr., Report, 3d ed. ; 174. 
 
 fig. 80. (1862.) 
 
 For further synonymy see Harris's Report. 
 Mass., (H. Coll., Agassiz, Shurtleff, Miss Edmands, San- 
 born, S. H. S.) Maine, (Packard.) Connecticut, (Norton.) 
 S. Illinois, (Thomas.) Minnesota, (S. H. S.) Red River 
 Settlements, (S. H. S.) Nebraska, (Mus. Comp. Zool.) 
 
 * 2. C. PUNCTULATUS, Uhler Mss. 
 
 This species is very closely allied to (7. femur-rubrum^ 
 from which it is to be distinguished by the greater prom- 
 inence of the front ; by the greater globosity of the eyes ; 
 by the markings of the wing-covers and hind legs, and the 
 sculpture of the valves of the ovipositor ; the wing-covers 
 are of the same color as in C. fe mur-rubrum, with the square 
 dark spots not limited to a medial band, but found equally 
 above and below this, extending nearly to the tip ; the 
 hind femora have upon the outside alternate, transverse, 
 straight bands of black and brownish-yellow, three of each 
 in number ; hind tibiae brownish-red with black spines, 
 with a narrow black annulation at the base, followed by 
 a wider yellowish one ; the upper valves of the ovipositor 
 are not curved so deeply on their upper surface, nor so 
 upturned and pointed at their tip as in C. femur-rubrum ; 
 the lower valves, too, are much straighter, bent downwards 
 scarcely at all at their tip, and the lateral tooth, so apparent 
 in C. femur-rubrum^ is here almost obsolete. 
 
 Length of body, 1.1 in. ; of wing-covers, .69 in. ; of hind 
 femora, .48 in. ; 1 9 . I have seen only a single specimen 
 sent me by Mr. Uhler under the above name. 
 
 Maine, (Packard.) 
 
 * 3. C. BIVITTATUS, Uhler in Say, Ent. of N. Am. (Ed. 
 
 LeConte) ; II. 238. (1859.) 
 
 C. bivittatus, Uhler in Harr., Report, 3d ed.; 174. (1862.) 
 
 JOURNAL B. S. N. H. 59 NOVEMBER, 1862. 
 
466 Materials for a Monograph 
 
 Gryllus bivittatus, Say, Journ. Ac. Nat. Sc. Phil. ; IV. 
 
 308. (1825.) 
 
 Locusta leucostoma, Kirby, Faun. Bor. Am. Ins. ; 250. 
 
 (1837.) 
 
 Caloptenus femoratus^ Burm., Handb. d. Ent. ; II. 638. 
 
 (1838.) 
 
 " " Burm., teste Erichson, Archiv. 
 
 f. Nat; IX. 229. (1843.) 
 
 Acrydium sanguinipes^ Harr., Cat. Ins. Mass. ; 56. 
 
 (1835.) 
 
 " flavovittatum, Harr., Report, 3d ed. ; 173. 
 
 (1862.) 
 
 Mass., (H. Coll., Agassiz, Shurtleff, Miss Edmands, San- 
 born.) Maine, (Packard.) Conn., (Norton.) Maryland, 
 (Uhler.) Texas, (Uhler.) Nebraska, (Mus. Comp. Zool.) 
 S. Illinois, (Thomas.) Minnesota, (S. H. S.) Lake Win- 
 nipeg, (S. H. S.) 
 
 ACRIDIUM, GEOFFKOY. 
 
 * 1. A. ALUTACEUM, Harr., Report, 3d ed. ; 173. (1862.) 
 A. torvum, Say Mss. and Harr., Cat. Ins. Mass. ; 56. 
 
 (1835.) 
 
 A. rusticum, Burm., Handb. d. Ent. ; II. 633. (1838.) 
 (Not Gryllus rusticus, Fabr., Ent. Syst. ; 292.) 
 Martha's Vineyard, Mass., (H. Coll.) Conn., (Norton.) 
 3 specimens. 
 
 2. A. AMERICANUM. 
 
 Gryllus americanus, Drury, 111. ; II. App.* Descr. and 
 fig., I. 128. PI. 49, fig. 2. (1773.) 
 
 Locusta tartarica> Westwood in Drury, 111. ; I. 121. PI. 
 49, fig. 2. (1837.) 
 
 (Not Gryllus tartaricu's^ Linn., &c.) 
 N. Carolina, (H. Coll.) Southern States, (Mus. Comp. 
 
 * According to Westwood in his edition of Drury ; the only copies of the old 
 edition of Drury, which I have seen, have no appendix in any volume. 
 
of the North American Orthoptera. 467 
 
 Zool.) Florida, (Norton.) Alabama, (H. Coll.) Texas, 
 (Mus. Comp. Zool.) S. Illinois, (Thomas.) 
 
 3. A. OBSCURUM, Burm., Handb. d. Ent; 11.632. (1838.) 
 
 Gryllus obscurus, Fabr., Syst. Ent. Suppl. ; 194. (1798.) 
 
 This species has much stouter legs than the others. 
 
 Texas, (Mus. Comp. Zool., Uhler.) 
 
 (" The obscurum ? F. of H. Cat. is not in cabinet of 
 T. W. H." Harris Mss.) 
 
 * 4. A. RUBIGINOSUM, Harris Mss. 
 
 " Light rust-red ; face with four elevated lines, the two 
 lateral ones not so distinct as in A. alutaceum; thorax 
 with a very distinct ridge along the middle ; wing-covers 
 opaque, rather paler on the overlapping portion than else- 
 where, with a projection on the outer margin near the 
 .shoulder; wings transparent and glassy, slightly reddish 
 towards the tip and netted with blackish veins ; hindmost 
 thighs reddish within and without, the whitish part bound- 
 ed on both sides by a row of distant black dots, and 
 crossed like a herring-bone with reddish lines ; knees of 
 the same legs with a curved black line on each side, spines 
 of the shins white tipped with black. Length, If in. ; 
 expanse of wings, nearly 3 inches. So. Carolina, from 
 Mr. Nuttall and Dr. Holbrook." Harris Mss. 
 
 Dr. Harris does not mention the faint dark spots on the 
 wing-covers, similar in disposition to those on A. alu~ 
 taceum; there is some variation in the elevation of the 
 medial carina of the pronotum, some individuals showing 
 it but indistinctly. 
 
 Cape Cod, (Sanborn, S. H. S.) Conn., (Norton.) South- 
 ern States, (Mus. Comp. Zool.) Alabama, (H. Coll.) So. 
 
 Carolina, (H. Coll.) 
 
 . 
 
 (EDIPODA, LATREILLE. 
 
 I have here included all the species which would be 
 embraced in the old genus (Edipoda of Latreille ; it is 
 
 
468 Materials for a Monograph 
 
 easy to see that it should be divided, 'and especially that 
 CE. Carolina, Burm., and (E. sordida, Burm., should each 
 be separated from it, but the desire of having fuller ma- 
 terial before attempting such a task prevents my under- 
 taking it at present. 
 
 * 1. CE. CAROLINA, Burm., Handb. d. Ent. ; II. 643. 
 
 (1838.) 
 
 (E. Carolina, Serv., Hist. Nat. d. Orth. ; 722. (1839.) 
 
 Uhl. in Harr., Report, 3d ed. ; 176. (1862.) 
 
 Locusta caroliniana etc. Catesby, Nat. Hist, of N. 
 
 Car. ; II. 89. Tab. 89. (1743.) 
 
 Gryllus (Locusta) carolinus, Linn., Syst. Nat. ; II. 701. 
 
 (1767.) 
 
 " " " Stoll, Spectres, &c. PI. 
 
 XVIII. b. fig. 68. (1813.) 
 
 Gryllus carolinus, Fabr., Syst. Ent. ; 291. (1775.) 
 
 Spec. Ins.; I. 368. (1781.) 
 
 Mant. Ins. ; I. 238. (1787.) 
 
 Ent. Syst; II. 58. (1743.) 
 
 Acridium carolinum, De Geer, Mem. ; III. 491. PI. 41, 
 
 figs. 2, 3. (1773.) 
 
 " Oliv., Enc. Meth. ; IV. 225. (1791.) 
 
 Acridium carolinianum, Pal. de Beauv., Ins.; 147. PI. 
 
 IV, fig. 6. (1805.) 
 
 Locusta Carolina, Harr., Cat. Ins. Mass. ; 56. (1835.) 
 " Harr., Report, 3d ed.; 176. PI. 3, 
 
 fig. 3. (1862.) 
 
 Mass., (H. Coll., Miss Edmands, Shurtleff, Agassiz, San- 
 born, S. H. S.) Maine, (Packard.) Conn., (H. Coll., Nor- 
 ton.) 
 
 * 2. CE. PHOENICOPTERA, Germ, in Burm., Handb. d. 
 
 Ent. ; II. 643. (1838.) 
 
 " " Germ., teste Erichson, Archiv. 
 
 f. Nat. IX. 229. (1843.) 
 
 (Edipoda obliterata, Germ, in Burm., Handb. d. Ent.; 
 II. 643. (1838.) 
 
of the North American Orthoptera. 469 
 
 Locusta apiculata, Say Mss., and Harr., Cat. Ins. Mass. ; 
 56. (1835.) 
 
 Locusta corallina, Harr., Report, 3d ed. ; 176. (1862.) 
 
 Mass., (H. Coll., Shurtleff, Sanborn, S. H. S.) Maine, 
 (Packard.) Conn., (Norton.) 
 
 3. CE. DISCOIDEA, Serv., Hist. Nat. d. Orth.; 724. (1835.) 
 
 Acridium tuberculatunij Pal. de Beauv., Ins. ; 145. PL 
 
 IV, fig. 1. (1805.) 
 
 (Not Gryllus tuber culatus, Fabr.) 
 
 N. Carolina, (H. Coll.) Southern States, (Mus. Comp. 
 Zool.) 
 
 * 4. CE. RUGOSA, nov. sp. 
 
 This species is closely allied to CE. discoidea. The head 
 and thorax are dark brown ; two yellowish bands run from 
 behind the eye backwards and inwards, nearly or quite 
 meeting one another a little in advance of the middle of the 
 pronotum, where they diverge and strike the hinder edge 
 of the pronotum at the outer angles ; there are two yellow- 
 ish spots, one below the other, on the sides of the pronotum ; 
 the wing-covers are marked much as in (E. discoidea, but 
 the dark blotches are larger and fully as abundant, gener- 
 ally occupying the larger portion of the wing, so that it 
 might better be described as very dark brown with light 
 blotches ; the tip of the wing-cover is pellucid, nearly free 
 of spots ; the wings are as in (E. discoidea, with the basal 
 color pale-yellowish instead of red, and the apical portion 
 less dusky than there. 
 
 Length of body, $ 1.1 in., 9 1.4 in. ; expanse of wings, 
 <? 1.9 in., 9 3 in. ; depth of wings, $ .5 in., 9 .7 in. 4 
 specimens. 
 
 Mass., (Agassiz.) Maine, (Packard.) 
 
 * 5. CE. XANTHOPTERA, Germ, in Burm., Handb. d. Ent. ; 
 II. 643. (1838.) 
 
 Mass., (H. Coll., Agassiz, Sanborn, Shurtleff,) Missouri, 
 (S. H. S.) 
 
470 Materials for a Monograph 
 
 *6. GE. suLPHUREA,Burm.,Handb. d.Ent; 11.643. (1838.) 
 Uhl. in Harr., Report, 3d ed. ; 177. 
 
 (1862.) 
 
 Gryllus sulphureus, Fabr., Spec. Ins. ; I. 369. (1781.) 
 
 Mant. Ins. ; I. 239. (1787.) 
 
 " Sys. Ent. ; II. 59. (1793.) 
 
 Acridium sulphureum, Oliv., Enc. Meth. ; IV. 227. 
 
 (1791.) 
 
 " " Pal. de Beauv., Ins. ; 145. PL 4, 
 
 fig. 2. (1805.) 
 
 Locusta sulphurea, Harr., Cat. Ins. Mass. ; 56. (1835.) 
 " " Report, 3d ed. ; 177. PL 1, fig. 6. 
 
 (1862.) 
 
 Mass., (H. Coll., Sanborn, Shurtleff.) Maine, (Packard.) 
 Conn., (Norton.) 
 
 CE. sulphurea differs from CE. xanthoptera in its smaller 
 size (the males of (E. xanthoptera equalling in size the fe- 
 males of CE. sulphurea), in the squareness and greater size 
 of the foveolae of vertex, in the direction of the edges of the 
 ridge down the front (which in CE. sulphurea are brought 
 together at the vertex), in the direction of the hind-border 
 of the pronotum (which is much more angulated in CE. 
 xanthoptera), in the greater depth of the wing in CE. xan- 
 thoptera, and also in the band of the wing, which in both 
 species has the inner border turned considerably inwards 
 close to the costal border, and then outwards again just 
 before the edge, but which in CE. sulphurea extends in- 
 wards fully half way to the base of the wing, while in CE. 
 xanthoptera it does not reach one quarter the distance. 
 *7. GE. JEQUALIS, Uhl. in Harr., Report, 3d ed.; 178. 
 
 (1862.) 
 
 Gryllus cequalis, Say, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sc. Phil. ; IV. 
 
 307. (1825.) 
 
 " " Say, Ent. of N. Am. (ed. Le Conte) ; II. 
 
 237. (1859.) 
 
of the North American Orthoptera. 471 
 
 Locusta cequalis, Harr., Cat. Ins. Mass. ; 56. (1835.) 
 
 Report, 3d ed. ; 178. .(1862.) 
 
 Mass., (H. Coll., Agassiz, Shurtleff, Sanborn, S. H. S.) 
 Conn., (Norton, S. H. S.) Minnesota, (S. H. S.) Red 
 River, British Am. (S. H. S.) 
 
 * 8. QE. VERRUCULATA. 
 
 Locusta verruculata, Kirby, Faun. Bor. Am. Ins.; 250. 
 
 (1837.) 
 " latipennis, Harr., Report, 3d ed. ; 179. (1862.) 
 
 (Edipoda latipennis = cequalis, Uhl. in Harr., Report, 3d 
 
 ed. ; 178. (1862.) 
 
 Mass., (H. Coll., Sanborn, Shurtleff, Agassiz, S. H. 
 S.) N. Hampshire, (H. Coll.) White Mts., (Agassiz.) 
 Maine, (Packard.) Lake Winnipeg, (S. H. S.) Saguenay 
 River, Canada East, (Norton.) 
 
 ffi verruculata differs from (E. cequalis in the follow- 
 ing particulars : in (E. cequalis the black band across 
 the middle of the wings is broad, its outer edge as well 
 as the inner distinct, the outer border at first straight, 
 then well rounded, curving inwards where it approaches 
 the outer border ; beyond the band the wing is pellucid, 
 with black veins, not cloudy, and at the tip there is either 
 a dusky patch or irregularly clustered square blackish spots. 
 In (E. verruculata the inner border of the band is more wavy 
 and is illy defined ; the outer border is straight, and where 
 it approaches the outer border of the wing, is turned slight- 
 ly outwards instead of inwards, and is frequently very in- 
 distinct, being merged into the more or less dusky space 
 beyond it, which increases in cloudiness to the tip, where 
 it is as dark as the band. The band itself is quite narrow 
 in the middle, so that it might be said to be made up of 
 two triangular patches which meet and merge in the mid- 
 dle. The broadest band I have seen in (E. verrucu- 
 lata, is not more than half the width of the narrowest in 
 (E. cequalis. In (E. cequalis the hind tibiae are either wholly 
 
472 Materials for a Monograph 
 
 coral-red or have a pale yellowish annotation at the base. 
 In (E. verruculata the tibiae have the base and apex black, 
 with the middle half yellowish or plumbeous, with gener- 
 ally a dusky annulation in the middle. 
 
 * 9. CE. MARITIMA, Uhl. in Harr., Report, 3d ed. ; 178. 
 
 (1862.) 
 
 Locusta maritima, Harr., Report, 3d ed. ; 178. (1862.) 
 Sea-shore of Mass., (H. Coll., Sanborn, Miss Edmands, 
 S. H. S.) Conn., (Norton.) 
 
 * 10. CE. MARMORATA, Uhl. in Harr., Report, 3d ed. ; 179. 
 
 (1862.) 
 
 Locusta cerineipenniSi Harr., Cat. Ins. Mass. ; 56. (1835.) 
 " marmorata, Harr., Report, 3d ed. ; 179. (1862.) 
 Mass., (H. Coll., A. Agassiz, Shurtleff, Sanborn.) 
 
 * 11. CE. EUCERATA, Uhl. in Harr., Report, 3d ed. ; 180. 
 
 (1862.) 
 
 Locusta eucerata, Harr., Cat. Ins. Mass. ; 56. (1835.) 
 " " Report, 3d ed. ; 180. (1862.) 
 
 Mass., (H. Coll., Shurtleff, Sanborn, S. H. S.) Conn., 
 (Norton, S. H. S.) 
 
 * 12. QE. PELLUCIDA, nov. sp. 
 
 Ash brown ; face reddish brown ; antennae yellowish at 
 base, dark brown toward tip ; a triangular black spot be- 
 hind the eye, the apex touching it ; a quadrate transverse 
 black spot on the anterior upper portion of the sides of 
 pronotum ; pronotum above, sometimes with a dark band 
 down the middle ; wing-covers with the basal half dark 
 brown, with small yellowish spots and transverse streaks, 
 especially on front border; apical half clear, with dark 
 brown rounded spots, prevalent along the middle, decreas- 
 ing in size toward the tip ; when closed, the upper surface 
 is dark brown, with a rather broad yellowish vitta along 
 each angle on the upper surface ; wings pellucid, with 
 black nervules ; legs dark brown, the hind femora yel- 
 lowish or reddish-brown, with two or three rather broad 
 
of the North American Orthoptera. 473 
 
 diagonal dark-brown streaks, dark at the apex; hind tibiae 
 yellowish-brown, reddish toward the tip, with a very nar- 
 row, generally faint, annulation of dark-brown at the base ; 
 spines tipped with black. 
 
 Length of body, $ .65 in., ? 1 in. ; spread of wings, 
 $ 1.3 in., 9 1.6 in. ; depth of wings, $ .33 in., 9 .4 in. 
 
 Mass., (Miss Edmands, Agassiz, Sanborn, S. H. S.) 
 Vermont, (S. H. S.) Maine, (Packard.) Conn., (Norton.) 
 
 * 13. CE. SORDIDA, Burm., Handb. d. Ent. ; II. 643. 
 
 (1838.) 
 
 Locusta periscelidiS) Say Mss., and Harr., Cat. Ins. 
 
 Mass. ; 56. (1835.) 
 
 Locusta nebuhsa, Harr., Report, 3d ed. ; 181. (1862.) 
 
 (Edipoda nebulosa, Uhl. in Harr., Report, 3d ed.; 181. 
 
 (1862.) 
 
 Mass., (H. Coll., Agassiz, Shurtleff, Sanborn, S. H. S.) 
 Maine, (Packard.) Conn., (Norton.) 
 
 14. CE. COSTALIS, nov. sp. 
 
 Brownish-yellow, profusely mottled with reddish-brown ; 
 a broad yellowish band extends from each eye to the 
 opposite outer posterior angle of the pronotum, crossing 
 at the middle of the pronotum, bordered outside with a 
 broad band of black, narrowing posteriorly to a line, and 
 inside, behind the intersection, by a broad black band, 
 which has another narrow short black line parallel to it at 
 the hind border of the pronotum ; medial carina of prono- 
 tum equal, rather sharp, not high ; wing-covers much as 
 in CE. sordida ; wings pellucid, with a faint cloudy patch 
 at the middle of the outer border, and a dark streak along 
 the costal border toward the apex ; hind femora yellowish, 
 with two transverse dark annulations, the tips dark brown ; 
 hind tibiae bluish with black spines and a yellowish annu- 
 lation at base. This species differs from (E. sordida, in 
 the markings and lowness of the ridge of pronotum, and 
 in the shorter and fuller wings. 
 
 JOUUNAL B. S. N. H. 60 NOVEMBER, 1862. 
 
474 Materials for a Monograph 
 
 Length of body, 1.05 in. ; spread of wings, 1.75 in. ; 
 depth, .46 in. 1 9 . 
 
 Texas, (Mus. Comp. Zool.) 
 
 TETTIX, LATKEILLE (emend.) 
 
 See Tettigidea and Batrachidea. 
 
 * 1. T. GRANULATA. 
 
 Acrydium granulatum, Kirby, Faun. Bor. Am. Ins. ; 251. 
 
 (1837.) 
 
 Tetrix ornata, Harr., Cat. Ins. Mass. ; 57. (1835.) 
 
 " " Harr., Report, 3d ed.; 186. (1862.) 
 
 (Not Acrydium ornatum, Say.) 
 
 This species may be distinguished from T. ornata^ by 
 its longer pronotum and greater size, and also by the 
 prominence of the vertex, which advances considerably 
 in front of the eyes, having the front border angulated; in 
 this latter feature it may also be similarly distinguished 
 from T. cucullata and T. rugosa, as also by its narrower 
 pronotum ; the males are much narrower than the females. 
 
 Mass., (H. Coll., Sanborn, Shurtleff, S. H. S.) Maine, 
 (Packard.) N. Hampshire, (H. Coll.) Minnesota, (S. 
 H. S.) 
 
 * 2. T. ORNATA. 
 
 Acrydium ornatum. Say, Amer. Entom. ; I. PI. V. (1824.) 
 " Say, Ent. of N. Am. (ed. LeConte) ; 
 
 I. 10. PL V. fig. 1. (1859.) 
 
 Tetrix arenosa, Burm., Handb. d. Ent. ; II. 659. (1838.) 
 " dorsalis, Harr., Report, 3d ed. ; 186. (1862.) 
 
 " quadrimaculata, Harr., Report, 3d ed.; 186. (1862.) 
 " bilineata, Harr., Report, 3d ed. ; 186. (1862.) 
 
 < sordida, Harr., Cat. Ins. Mass. ; 57. (1835.) 
 
 " " Harr., Report, 3d ed. ; 187. (1862.) 
 
 (Not Tetrix ornata, Harr., Cat. and Report.) 
 This species is smaller than T. granulatum, has the ver- 
 tex but little thrust forward in advance of the eyes, and 
 
of the North American Orthoptera. . 475 
 
 the front border nearly straight instead of angulated ; the 
 pronotum is shorter than in the preceding, and the wings 
 are smaller; both this and the preceding species have al- 
 most every conceivable variation of ornamentation, upon 
 which almost exclusively Harris established his specific 
 differences, but as Uhler has remarked, " color and style of 
 marking is of very little value in separating the species of 
 Tettix." 
 
 Mass., (H. Coll., Sanborn, Shurtleff.) N. Hampshire, 
 (H. Coll.) Maine, (H. Coll., Packard.) Vermont, (S. H. 
 S.) Conn., (Norton.) S. Illinois, (Thomas.) St. Louis, 
 Missouri, (Sanborn, S. H. S.) 
 
 * 3. T. TRIANGULARIS, HOV. Sp. 
 
 Allied to T. ornata, and agreeing with it in ornamenta- 
 tion, in the character of the vertex, the prominence of the 
 eyes, but differing in the length of the pronotum and wings ; 
 as in both of the preceding species, the pronotum and 
 wings are of equal length, but in this the pronotum is 
 scarcely longer than the body, and is not produced back- 
 ward into such a slender point, the sides being straighter ; 
 the breadth is contained three times in the length; it is a 
 smaller species than the preceding. 
 
 Length of pronotum, .17 in. 2 $,2 9 . 
 
 Mass., (S. H. S.) Maine, (Packard.) N. Hampshire, 
 (H. Coll.) 
 
 *4. T. CUCULLATA, Burm., Handb. d. Ent. ; II. 658. 
 
 (1838.) 
 
 Differs from T. granulata, which it most resembles, in 
 having the vertex very narrow, slightly less than the diam- 
 eter of the much inflated eyes, the front cut off square, and 
 slightly hollowed, not projecting outward so far as the 
 eyes ; the pronotum is broader and more compact over 
 the thorax, more suddenly sloped off behind and extending 
 backwards nearly twice the length of the abdomen, the 
 wings overreaching slightly ; the punctures upon the 
 
476 Materials for a Monograph 
 
 wing-covers are of the same size, but not so deep as in 
 T. granulata. 
 
 Length of pronotum, <, .4 in., 9 .5 in. 2 <J, 2 9. 
 
 Mass., (S. H. S.) Missouri, (Mus. Comp. Zool., San- 
 born.) 
 
 5. T. RUGOSA, nov. sp. 
 
 Closely allied to T. cucullata, agreeing with it in general 
 form and size, shape and length of the pronotum, and 
 length of the wings. The front border of the vertex is as 
 in T. cucullata, but it is broader, and the eyes are scarcely 
 as prominent. The whole surface of the pronotum, in- 
 stead of being delicately granulated as in T. cucullata, 
 with the medial and marginal carinse faint, has these cari- 
 nae quite prominent, and the whole surface rugose, deeply 
 scarred and pitted, with irregular granulated depressions ; 
 the wing-covers are punctured as in T. granulata. 
 
 Length of pronotum, .54 in. 1 9. 
 
 N. Florida, (Norton.) 
 
 TETTIGIDEA, Nov. gen. (rem, tSe'a.) 
 
 This genus when compared with Tettix will be found to 
 differ in having a more robust and clumsy form, a larger 
 head, more swollen upon the top, and less sloping down 
 the front, the medial ridge in front more prominent, the 
 antennae consisting of twenty-two joints, which are cylin- 
 drical and not flattened ; in the joints of the maxillary 
 palpi, which here have the fourth joint much larger at the 
 apex than at the base, somewhat swollen, with a sharp 
 medial external ridge, and the fifth much swollen, flattened, 
 with a faint similar ridge, and slightly docked at the tip ; 
 as in Tettix and Batrachidea the first joint is longer than 
 broad, cylindrical, the second slightly shorter than broad, 
 cylindrical, both together equalling the third, which is of 
 the same length as the fourth or fifth, and cylindrical ; the 
 lower anterior angle of the sides of pronotum, which is 
 
of the North American Orthoptera. 477 
 
 angulated and bent inwards in Tettix, is here rounded and 
 straighter ; the lateral carinae are not so prominent as there, 
 or so strongly bent inwards in advance of the broader por- 
 tion ; the front border is thrust forward at an angle par- 
 tially concealing the head; the prosternurn is very strongly 
 folded transversely, forming a very deep, sharp, angulated 
 groove, which in Tettix is not nearly so deep, nor are its 
 sides so nearly approximated ; wing-covers considerably 
 longer and narrower than in Tvttix. This genus further 
 differs from Tettix in that there is a small circular swollen 
 space devoid of facets, set off from the upper inner border 
 of the eye. The same is true of Batrachidea, but much 
 more indistinctly, since it cannot .be discovered without 
 the aid of such a lens as will readily separate the facets of 
 the eye. 
 
 * 1. T. LATERALIS. 
 
 Acrydium laterale, Say, Am. Ent. ; I. PL 5. (1824.) 
 
 " " Say, Ent. of N. Am. (ed. Le Conte) ; 
 
 " I. 10. PL 5, figs. 2, 3. (1859.) 
 
 Tetrix lateralis, Harr., Cat. Ins. Mass. ; 57. (1835.) 
 
 " Harr., Report, 3d ed. ; 187. (1862.) 
 
 " polymorphd) var. A, Burm., Handb. d. Ent. ; II. 
 
 659. (1838.) 
 
 Mass., (H. Coll., Sanborn.) Maine, (Packard.) N. 
 Hampshire, (H. Coll.) Conn., (Norton.) S. Illinois, 
 (Thomas.) 
 
 *1. T. POLYMORPHA. 
 
 Tetrix polymorpha, var. B, Burm , Handb. d. Ent.; II. 
 
 659. (1838.) 
 
 Tetrix parvipennis^ Harr., Cat. Ins. Mass.; 57. (1835.) 
 " " Harr., Report. 3d ed. ; 187, fig. 82. 
 
 (1862.) 
 
 In this species the wings are almost abortive, and the 
 pronotum extends only to the tip of the abdomen, while 
 in T. lateralis the wings extend beyond the pronotum, 
 
478 Materials for a Monograph 
 
 which is itself much longer than the body ; T. polymor- 
 pha is the more abundant species. 
 
 Mass., (H. Coll., Sanborn.) Maine, (H. Coll., Packard.) 
 N. Hampshire, (H. Coll.) Conn., (Norton.) S. Illinois, 
 (Thomas.) St. Louis, Missouri, (Sanborn.) Alabama, 
 (H. Coll.) 
 
 BATRACHIDEA, SERVILLE. 
 
 This genus differs from Tettix in its more solid and com- 
 pact form ; in the larger head, the more distant eyes, the 
 front less sloping ; in the smaller number of joints in the 
 antennas, which have but twelve joints, while in Tettix 
 there are thirteen or fourteen, generally the latter ; in the 
 shape of their joints, which are cylindrical instead of being 
 flattened, and more swollen than in Tettix; in the maxil- 
 lary palpi, which in Tettix has the fourth joint cylindrical, 
 very slightly largest at the apex, and the fifth cylindrical 
 and slightly swollen, while here the fourth is somewhat 
 larger at the apex than at the base, broadly but faintly 
 ridged outside, and the fifth swollen considerably, espe- 
 cially on anterior border, with a broad faint ridge outside ; 
 in the more swollen and crested summit of the head ; in 
 having the lower posterior lobes of sides of pronotum thrust 
 downwards and outwards and but slightly backwards, and 
 the lower anterior angle rounded ; in having a very high 
 arched median carina on pronotum, and the lateral carinse 
 only indicated in front ; in having the front border of pro- 
 notum thrust forward over the head a little ; in having on 
 prosternum only a broad shallow rounded transverse hol- 
 lowing ; in having the notches on the under side of the first 
 joint of posterior tarsi only very slight, instead of being 
 prominent as in Tettix and in Tettigidea ; in the shorter 
 valves of the ovipositor ; and in having stouter legs than 
 in the two genera just mentioned. See also Tettigidea. 
 
 * 1. B. CRISTATA. 
 
 Tetrix cristata^ Harris Mss. 
 
of the North American Orthoptera. 479 
 
 Vertex projecting beyond the eyes, front border well 
 rounded, a little angulated, the medial carina sharp, prom- 
 inent, sloping downwards posteriorly, the front deeply 
 notched immediately in front of the eyes ; eyes rather 
 prominent, scarcely more than half as broad as the vertex ; 
 the pronotum with sides neither swollen nor hollowed, of 
 the length of the body ; the medial carina high, regularly 
 arched ; the lateral border with two shallow grooves, one 
 anterior, the other posterior, overlapping one another in the 
 middle ; the whole pronotum is minutely scabrous, and 
 there is generally a dark quadrate or triangular spot on 
 either side, above the terminal half of the wing-covers ; 
 wings reaching tip of pronotum. 
 
 Length of pronotum, .33 in. 
 
 Mass., (H. Coll., Shurtleff, Sanborn, S. H. S.) Maine, 
 (H. Coll., Packard.) N. Hampshire, (H. Coll.) Conn., 
 (S. H. S.) 
 
 * 2. B. CARINATA, nOV. Sp. 
 
 The head much as in B. cristata, with the eyes slightly 
 larger and more prominent ; the medial carina of the pro- 
 notum sharp, regularly arched, the pronotum extending 
 backward a good ways behind the tip of the abdomen, a 
 little upturned towards the tip, with slightly longer wings ; 
 the lateral grooves are narrower and less distinct than in 
 B. cristata, and the upper surface is more coarsely sca- 
 brous than there ; marked as in B. cristata. 
 
 Length of body, .32 in.; of pronotum, .43 in. 1 <, 2 9. 
 
 Mass., (Sanborn, S. H. S.) 
 
 EXPLANATION OF WOOD-CUTS. 
 
 Fig. 1, p. 424. Fore-tibia and tarsi of Tridactylus apicalis, Say <? (magnified.) 
 Fig. 2, p. 442. Hind-tarsi of Uileopsylla niyra, Scudd. ^magnified 2 diameters.) 
 Fig. 3, p. 443. . Hind-tarsi of Daihinia brevipes, Hald. (magnified 2 diameters.) 
 
 b. Middle tarsi of Daihinia brevipes, Hald. (magnified 2 diameters.) 
 Fig. 4, p. 446. Wing-cover of Phylloptera rotundifolia, Scudd. 
 Fig. 5, p. 446. Wing-cover of Microcentrum ajfiliatum, Scudd. 
 
480 North American Orthoptera. 
 
 Index to the Genera and Species in this Article. 
 
 Acridium, 466 Gryllotalpa, 426 Phaneroptera curvi- 
 
 Acridium alutaceum, 466 Gryllotalpa borealis, 426 cauda, 448 
 
 americanum, 466 longipennis, 426 Phylloptera, 444 
 
 obscnrurn. 467 Gryllus, 427 Phylloptera caudata, 445 
 
 rubiginosum, 467 Gryllus abbreviatus, 427 oblongifolia, 444 
 
 Arcyptera, 462 angustus, 427 rotundifolia, 445 
 
 Arcyptera gracilis, 463 bipunctatus, 432 Platamodes, 417 
 
 lineata, 462 luctuosus, 427 Platamodes pennsyl- 
 
 platyptera, 463 neglectus, 428 vanica, 417 
 
 Batrachidea, 478 "iger, 428 unicolor, 417 
 
 Batrachidea carinata, 479 pennsylvanicus, 429 Pycnoscelus 421 
 
 cristata, 478 Hadenoecus, 439 Pycnoscelus obscurus, 422 
 
 Caloptenus, 464 Hadenoecus sub terra- Spongophora, 415 
 
 Caloptenus bivittatus, 465 neus, 440 Spongophora bipunc- 
 
 femur-rubrum,464 Labia, 415 ' tata, 415 
 
 punctulatus, 465 Labia minuta, 415 Stenobothrus, 456 
 
 Ceuthophilns, 433 Microcentrum, 446 Stenobothrus gequalis, 459 
 
 CeuthophilusAgassizii,439 Microcentrum affilia- bilineatus, 460 
 
 brevipes, 434 turn, 447 curtipennis, 456 
 
 californianus, 438 retinervis. 446 longipennis. 457 
 
 divergens, 436 thoracicurn, 447 raaculipennis, 458 
 
 gracilipes, 439 Nemobius, 429 tnelanopleurus, 456 
 
 l;ipidicolus, 435 Nemobius exiguu?, 429 propinquans, 461 
 
 latens, 437 fasciatus, 430 speciosus, 458 
 
 maeulatus, 434 vittatus, 430 Stylopyga, 416 
 
 niger, 437 (Ecanthus, 431 Stylopyga orientalis, 416 
 
 scabripes, 436 (Ecanthus niveus, 431 Tettigidea, 476 
 
 stygius, 438 punctulatus, 432 Tettigidea lateralis, 477 
 
 Uhleri, 435 (Edipoda, 467 poly morpha, 477 
 
 Chloealtis, 455 (Edipoda aequalis, 470 Tettix, 474 
 
 Chloealtis conspersa, 455 Carolina, 468 Tettix cucullata, 475 
 
 punctulata, 455 costalis, 473 granulata, 474 
 
 viridis, 455 discoidea, 469 ornata, 474 
 
 Conocephalus, 449 eucerata, 472 rugosa, 476 
 
 Conocephalus crepi- maritima, 472 triangularis, 475 
 
 tans, 450 marmorata, 472 Thyreonotus, 453 
 
 ensiger, 449 pellucida, 472 Thyreonotus dorsalis, 454 
 
 obtusus, 450 phoenicoptera, 468 pachymerus, 453 
 
 robustus, 449 rugosa, 469 Tragocephala, * 461 
 
 uncinatus, 450 sordida, 473 Tragocephala infus- 
 
 Cryptocercus, 419 sulphurea, 470 cata, 461 
 
 Cryptocercus punctu- verruculata, 471 viridifasciata, 461 
 
 latus, 420 xanthoptera, 469 Tridactylus, 424 
 
 Cyrtopliyllus, 444 Opomala, 454 Tridactylus apicalis, 425 
 
 Cyrtophyllus conc'a- Opomala brachyptera, 454 minutus, 425 
 
 vus, 444 Orchelimum, " 452 terminals, 425 
 
 perspicillatus, 444 Orchelimum agile, 453 Tropidischia, 440 
 
 Daihinia, 443 concinnum, 452 Tropidischia xantho- 
 
 Daihinia brevipes, 443 glaberrimum, 453 stoma, 441 
 
 Diapheromera, 423 longipennis, 453 Udeopsylla, 442 
 
 Diapheromera femo- vulgare, 452 Udeopsylla nigra 443 
 
 rata, 423 Periplaneta, 416 robusta, 442 
 
 Ectobia, 418 Periplaneta americana, 416 Xiphidium, 451 
 
 Ectobia flavocincta, 419 Pezotettix, 464 Xiphidius brevipennis, 451 
 
 germanica, 418 Pezotettix borealis, 464 ensifer, 451 
 
 lithophila, 418 Phaneroptera, 448 fasciatum, 451 
 
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