|ublications 
 
 istorical ^ocidg of fiennsgluania. 
 
 THE 
 
 PENN AND LOGAN 
 
 CORRESPONDENCE. 
 
 AMS PRESS 
 
 NEW YORK
 
 CORRESPONDENCE 
 
 BETWEEN 
 
 WILLIAM PENN 
 
 AND 
 
 JAMES LOGAN. 
 
 SECRETARY OF THE PROVINCE OF PENNSYLVANIA, 
 
 AND OTHERS. 
 
 1700-1750. 
 
 FROM THE ORIGINAL LETTERS IN POSSESSION OF TFJE 
 LOGAN FAMILY. 
 
 WITH NOTES BY THE LATE 
 
 MRS. DEBORAH LOGAN. 
 
 EDITED WITH ADDITIONAL NOTES BY . 
 
 EDWARD ARMSTRONG, M.A., 
 
 MEMBUR OF THE HISTORICAL SOCIETY OF PENNSYLVANIA, ETC. BTC. 
 
 VOL. I. 
 
 PHILADELPHIA: 
 
 PRINTED BY J. B. LIPPINCOTT & CO. 
 
 FOR THE HISTORICAL SOCIETY OF PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 AND SOLD BY JOHN PENNINGTON & SON. 
 
 1870.
 
 Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data 
 
 Pemi, William, 16^4-1718. 
 
 Correspondence between William Penn and James Logan, 
 and others, 1700-1750. 
 
 (Publications of the Historical Society of Penn- 
 sylvania) 
 
 1. Pennsylvania — History — Colonial period — Sources. 
 2. Penn family. I. Logan, James, 16^7-1751. 
 II. Series: Pennsylvania. Historical Society. 
 Memoirs . 
 
 F152.P2872 974.8 '02 72-173943 
 ISBN 0-404-04985-0 
 
 Reprinted from the edition of 1870-72, Philadelphia 
 First AMS edition published in 1972 
 Manufactured in the United States of America 
 
 International Standard Book Number: 
 Complete Set: 0-404-04985-0 
 Volume One: 0-404-04986-9 
 
 AMS PRESS INC. 
 
 NEW YORK, N.Y. 10003
 
 " The Trustees of the Publication Fund of the Historical Society of Pennsylvania " 
 have published five volumes. 
 
 The first was the " History of Braddock's Expedition," forming the fifth volume 
 of the Memoirs; 
 
 The second, " Contributions to American History," forming the sixth volume of 
 the Memoirs; 
 
 The third, the "Record of the Court at Upland, Pennsylvania, 1676 to 1681," 
 and a "Military Journal, kept by Major E. Denny, 1781 to 1795," forming the 
 se\»enth volume of the Memoirs; 
 
 The fourth, a republication of the " First Volume of the Memoirs of the Society ; " 
 
 The fifth, " Minutes of the Committee of Defence of Philadelphia, &c., 1814-1815," 
 forming the eighth volume of the Memoirs ; 
 
 The sixth, the present volume, forming the ninth volume of the Memoirs. 
 
 The amount so far received and invested by the trustees of the fund is sixteen 
 thousand dollars, the interest only of which is applied to publishing. By the pay- 
 ment of twenty-five dollars, any one becomes entitled to receive, during his or her 
 life, all the publications of the Society. 
 
 John Jordan, Jr., ^ 
 William Strong, I Trustees. 
 Aubrey H. Smith,) 
 
 Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1870, by 
 
 THE HISTORICAL SOCIETY OF PENNSYLVANIA, 
 
 in the Clerk's OflSce of the District Court of the United Sutes in and for the Extern District of 
 
 Pennsylvania. 
 
 PHILADELPHIA. 
 LIPPINCOTT'S PRESS.
 
 ERRATUM. 
 
 On page xlvi., in third line from foot, read Chestnut and Walnut, 
 instead of "Fourth and Fifth."
 
 PREFACE. 
 
 IN the year 1814, the late Mrs. Deborah Logan, the wife of 
 Doctor George Logan, the grandson of James Logan, the 
 secretary and trusted friend of William Penn, impressed with 
 the historical value of the correspondence between the propri- 
 etary and his secretary,^ in the possession of her family, began 
 the task of collating, deciphering, and copying it. 
 
 A lady of remarkable method, industry, and intelligence, she 
 rose long before sunlight in winter, and at daybreak in sum- 
 mer, for the purpose of fulfilling the duty which she had assigned 
 herself. 
 
 "When I first undertook to copy them," she remarks in her Intro- 
 duction to the first volume of the Correspondence, "it was only with 
 a view to their preservation, the originals being much decayed. After 
 the second volume was completed, I discovered others which were 
 prior in point of time to those already inserted. These I formed into 
 
 ' [How narrowly these papers escaped destruction during the war of 
 the Revolution, will be seen by the following narrative : 
 
 "When the British burned seventeen houses, at one time, between 
 Philadelphia and Germantown, in retaliation for some aggressions 
 made, they said, from some of these houses, they ordered ' Stenton ' 
 house to be included. Two men came to execute it : they told the 
 housekeeper to take out her private property, while they went to the 
 barn for straw to fire it. A British officer rode up, inquiring for 
 deserters. With much presence of mind, she said they had just gone 
 to the barn to hide themselves in the straw. Off he went, crying, 
 ' Come out ! you rascals, arid run before me into camp ! ' In vain they 
 protested and alleged their commissions, and thus Logan's house was 
 spared." — Watsoh's Anna /s, vol. ii., p. 39, edition of 1857. — Editor.]
 
 Vlll PREFACE. 
 
 an appendix, together with other papers which appeared to me to merit 
 a rescue from oblivion. And indeed many of them evidently belong 
 to the public, as containing references to transactions which the historian 
 may claim as his right, whilst the sentiments and opinions of such emi- 
 nent characters as William Penn and James Logan seem to be a part of 
 the common inheritance of mankind, and therefore ought not to be 
 withheld from them. In performing the work, the selections have 
 been made to the best of my ability, of which, however, I am very 
 diffident, and regret that it had not fallen to the lot of some one to 
 arrange and methodize the materials of which these volumes are com- 
 posed who had been more capable and familiar with such an employ- 
 ment. In contemplating the sudden rise of Pennsylvania to her present 
 state of wealth, strength, and resources, the mind becomes curious to 
 trace the steps of such prosperity ; and I flatter myself that I am per- 
 forming an acceptable service to my fellow-citizens in discovering to 
 their view some of the remote rills and fountains which are the sources 
 of the majestic river which we now survey. The notes inserted in the 
 work, and the notices of the characters mentioned in the letters, are 
 mostly from information received from papers in the collection at Sten- 
 ton. The reader will please to bear in mind that, whilst William Penn 
 resided in this country during his second visit, James Logan resided 
 in his family as his secretary ; and when the proprietor and his lady 
 moved up to Pennsbury — which was still unfinished — he remained in 
 their house in town ; whence the mention of family affairs and direc- 
 tions, to be found in the first series of letters." 
 
 It was the design of the American Philosophical Society to 
 publish the entire correspondence presented by Mrs. Logan ; 
 but an apprehension that the little general interest manifested 
 at that time in our provincial history would not justify the risk 
 of so extensive an undertaking, caused the project to be relin- 
 quished. 
 
 The Philosophical Society, at the request of the Historical 
 Society of Pennsylvania, having kindly permitted the use of
 
 PREFACE. IX 
 
 the correspondence, the trustees of the publication fund now 
 avail themselves of the existence of a greater interest in our 
 early annals, to give to the public that which they believe will 
 be acknowledged one of the most valuable series of letters 
 relating to the history of any province or colony which have as 
 yet appeared. 
 
 Mrs. Logan continued her labors for several succeeding years, 
 and the result was the production of eleven quarto manuscript 
 volumes. 
 
 Her first attempt consisted of three volumes. These, with 
 the addition of many letters subsequently discovered' by her, 
 she afterward recopied, with annotations, into four volumes. 
 A duplicate copy of this last series was made at the request of 
 the Historical Committee of the American Philosophical Soci- 
 ety, to which she added many other letters hitherto uncopied, 
 arid to which were also added notes by Mr. Joshua Francis 
 Fisher, also a descendant of Logan, than whom none could be 
 found more familiar with the history of the province, or more 
 competent to elucidate its annals. 
 
 In a letter dated "Stenton, January ist, 1820," from Mrs. 
 Logan to the late Mr. Peter S. Du Ponceau, chairman of the 
 Historical Committee, she remarks : 
 
 " I have now the pleasure of sending thee the fourth volume of my 
 'Selections.' But with respect to the letters of William Penn and 
 those of James Logan in return, that term is not correct ; for I have 
 copied the whole of their correspondence which is in our possession. 
 
 "You will observe what light these letters throw on the differences 
 between our early assemblies and the deputy governors, and will par- 
 ticularly see in what circumstances of fraud the remonstrance from 
 the Assembly in 1 704 had its rise, and that many of the complaints 
 
 ' [Mrs. Logan's notes are printed with her initial at the end ; those 
 for which the Editor is responsible are placed in brackets. — Editor.]
 
 X PREFACE. 
 
 then made against our illustrious founder were either futile in them- 
 selves or had their origin in events which he could not control ; and I 
 am persuaded it would not be difficult', from these materials, to invali- 
 date the charges made against this truly excellent man and his most 
 able and upright secretary, James Logan, by the author of the * His- 
 torical Review,' which is now acknowledged to have been the work 
 of Dr. Franklin, a name so identified with the reputation of our coun- 
 try that very few of its citizens (even if they possessed the means) 
 would wish to detract from his well-earned fame ; yet it is hard to 
 reconcile the opprobrious and disrespectful manner in which James 
 Logan is constantly mentioned in that work with the veneration 
 expressed for his memory by Dr. Franklin, who often, in conversation 
 respecting him with Dr. Logan, acknowledged his obligation to him 
 in the beginning of his career, and valued himself on his friendship. 
 Many of his own letters and notes to James Logan, still extant at 
 Stenton, would confirm this ; and these notes and the subjects of them 
 make it appear not a little extraordinary that in Dr. Franklin's me- 
 moirs no notice is taken of the intercourse subsisting between them. 
 Shall I say that it appears as if a sense of the injustice done to his 
 memory in the ' Historical Review ' occasioned the omission ? That 
 work was written for party purposes, and, as it too frequently happens 
 on such occasions, Genius and Ability stooped to sacrifice Truth, Can- 
 dor, and Character at its evanescent shrine." * 
 
 The public are already somewhat familiar with this corre- 
 spondence, from the liberal use of the earlier portions of it made 
 
 ' [Dr. Franklin denied being the author of the " Historical Review." 
 Mr. Parton, in his recently published "Life of Franklin," says that 
 William Franklin was the author of the work. The statements in it 
 respecting the proposed impeachment of Logan rest upon record evi- 
 dence ; but, although Logan always signified his readiness to meet the 
 charges against him, the assembly never saw fit to proceed with them. 
 An opponent of the proprietary interests would, in the heat of party 
 strife, naturally regard Logan, their staunch and able defender, with 
 any but friendly feelings. — Editor.]
 
 PREFACE. XI 
 
 by Mr. Samuel M. Janney, in his comprehensive " Life of 
 William Penn," and from the liberal extracts, accompanied by 
 valuable comments, published by Mr. Alfred Cope in the Phila- 
 delphia " Friend," under the title " Proprietary Correspondence," 
 beginning in July, 1842, and ending in April, 1846. 
 
 This is, however, the first attempt to publish the correspond- 
 ence in its entirety — a correspondence which will be found to 
 extend over a period of forty years, and to constantly increase 
 in interest. It is supposed the publication may be completed in 
 three volumes, of which that now presented forms the first. 
 The others will be issued at the earliest day practicable. 
 
 The Editor's thanks are returned to the American Philosophi- 
 cal Society, and to its librarian, Mr. J. P. Lesley, for the facilities 
 afforded in the prosecution of his task ; to Doctor George W. 
 Norris, for the use of a valuable collection of letters, selected 
 and copied by his father, the late Mr. Joseph Parker Norris, 
 from the family papers; and to Miss Mary Norris Logan, for 
 the loan of the manuscript volume of letters copied by her 
 grandmother, Mrs. Deborah Logan, and for many original let- 
 ters of Penn and Logan. The possession of the latter has 
 enabled him to add some letters which remained uncopied by 
 Mrs. Logan, but which he thought possessed sufficient interest 
 to justify their publication. 
 
 Mr. Joseph C. G. Kennedy, of Washington, D. C, has placed 
 in his hands an original letter-book, containing the corre- 
 spondence of Logan from the year 1717 to 1728, of which 
 valuable use will be made; and to him also his thanks are 
 due. 
 
 The second volume of the Correspondence, it is expected, 
 will be ready for the press before the close of the year. 
 
 E. A. 
 
 Church Lane, Germantown, 
 February 15th, 1870,
 
 CONTENTS. 
 
 Pagb 
 THE PENN FAMILY, 
 
 Bv Mr. John Jay Smith xv 
 
 MEMOIR OF MRS. DEBORAH LOGAN, 
 
 By Mr. Isaac Norris xlii 
 
 ACCOUNT OF MRS. DEBORAH LOGAN'S ANCESTORS, 
 
 In Note xlii 
 
 LINES TO THE MEMORY OF MRS. DEBORAH LOGAN xlix 
 
 MEMOIR OF JAMES LOGAN, 
 
 By Mrs. Deborah Logan li 
 
 INTRODUCTORY REMARKS TO THE CORRESPONDENCE, 
 
 By Mks. Deborah Logan Ivi 
 
 PENN AND LOGAN CORRESPONDENCE. 
 
 xiii
 
 THE PENN FAMILY. 
 
 THE object of the present paper — written at the request of 
 the Historical Society of Pennsylvania^ — is to bring down 
 to the present day a history of the Penn family,* rather than to 
 commemorate its elder branches, or enter uppn a history of the 
 State. 
 
 Beginning with Sir William Penn, Knight, the father of our 
 founder, and one of England's great admirals, we briefly trace 
 his ancestry to William Penn, who died in the year 1591. His 
 son, Giles Penn, the father of the admiral, was born in 162 1, 
 and married, in 1643, Margaret Jasper.' The admiral, a man 
 of great ability in his profession, received early and rapid pro- 
 motion, rising, at twenty-one, to be captain in the English 
 navy, vice-admiral of Ireland at twenty-six, admiral in the 
 Straits at twenty-nine, vice-admiral of England at thirty-one, 
 general of the Dutch war at thirty-two, member of Parliament 
 at thirty-four, governor of Kingsale at thirty-nine, and captain- 
 commander under the Duke of York at forty-three. He died 
 
 ' This sketch of the Penn family was the subject of an evening's 
 entertainment, having been read before the Historical Society by its 
 author, Mr. John Jay Smith, on the i8th of November, 1867, 
 
 " "Sir William Penn's daughter Margaret was married to Anthony 
 Lowther, Esq., of Mask, in the County of York, whose descendant 
 in the second generation, Sir Thomas Lowther, of Holker, in the 
 County of Lancaster, Bart., married the Lady Elizabeth Cavendish, 
 daughter of William Cavendish, Duke of Devonshire. Their only 
 son and child, William, dying unmarried, in 1756, the title became 
 extinct, and his estates passed, by his will, to the noble house of Cav- 
 endish." — Life of Sir William Penn, by Granville Penn.
 
 XVI THE PENN FAMILY. 
 
 in his fiftieth year. His epitaph, in Redclift" church, Bristol, 
 England, after enumerating his services, says : 
 
 " He withdrew, 
 
 Prepared and made his end ; and with a gentle and 
 
 Even Gale, in much peace, arrived and anchored in his 
 
 Last and Best Port, at Wanstead, in ye County of Essex, 
 
 Ye 1 6th of September, 1670, being then but 49 years and 4 months old: 
 
 To whose name and merit his surviving Lady hath erected this remembrance." 
 
 It sounds oddly in the ear of a Pennsylvanian, upon reaching 
 England, to learn that the name and fame of Admiral Penn are 
 better known and more appreciated than the actions of the 
 founder of our State. Time will decide between the reputations 
 of the father and son. The one may have fought bravely and 
 destroyed his thousands of human lives — the other founded a 
 great commonwealth, and introduced laws whose significant 
 value has impressed itself on a whole great nation's history ; 
 and all time will but strengthen his claims on the gratitude of 
 the ages. 
 
 In his " GREAT LAW," passed in 1682, at Chester, will be found 
 the grand declaration as to liberty of conscience : " Nor shall 
 he or she, at any time, be compelled to frequent or main- 
 tain any religious worship, place, or ministry whatever, con- 
 trary to his or her mind, but shall freely and fully enjoy his 
 or her Christian liberty in that respect, without any interruption 
 or reflection." The result of this law — one so strongly in con- 
 trast with the intolerant legislation of the Old World, from 
 which such numbers had fled and so many are fleeing — can 
 scarcely be appreciated. Upon other states this enlarged view 
 of the rights of conscience had a powerful influence, and they 
 were not tardy in incorporating into their constitutions the 
 grand, imperishable doctrine. The basis of the proprietary 
 government was not Christianity restricted to particular tenets 
 — not a church establishment, with tithes and spiritual courts; 
 but Christianity, with liberty of conscience to all men. The 
 story of the foundation of Pennsylvania, the rescue of the pro- 
 prietary interests from many and serious embarrassments, and 
 the correspondence of the founder with his agent here, are full 
 of human interest; and the last, detailing, as it does, the sor-
 
 THE PENN FAMILY. XVll 
 
 rows and anxieties of the " great and good Penn," cannot be 
 even hastily perused without profound emotion. 
 
 The long agony was at last over. William Penn died on 
 30th July, 1718. The province passed to his sons — a princi- 
 pality now, with resources so vast and expanding that the mind 
 fails to grasp its future. It would have been fair to anticipate 
 that the family which had obtained and planted so great a seed 
 would continue for centuries to reap the ripened fruit. Such, 
 however, was not the case. The sons met with opposition, as 
 did their father, and with the usual difficulties attendant on the 
 founding of a province : some agents embezzled the money 
 produced by sales of land, while the daily wants of each pro- 
 prietary absorbed much of the proceeds obtained by parting in 
 haste with the most valuable properties. At the same time it 
 is right to record that their revenues from the State were not 
 inconsiderable, and were mainly expended in the adornment 
 of their dwellings of Stoke and of Pennsylvania Castle. These 
 revenues have now almost entirely ceased. William Penn had, 
 by his first wife, Gulielma Maria Springett, a son, William, upon 
 whom he settled the estates in England and Ireland inherited 
 from Admiral Penn, and those brought by his first wife, together 
 producing an income of about fifteen hundred pounds per annum. 
 These estates were then considered more valuable than the 
 American possessions, which were devised to John, Thomas, 
 and Richard Penn, the sons by William Penn's second wife, 
 Hannah Callowhill. In this connection it may be proper to 
 advert, for a moment, to the residences of William Penn in 
 England and Ireland. His early residence in Ireland, Shan- 
 garry Castle, is now an ivy-covered ruin ; but its tall tower, 
 rising above the bright-green foliage, gives a commanding and 
 picturesque air to the remains. The Irish estates were in chan- 
 cery for a long period, and were not released till 1800, when 
 they were divided between the heirs at law of Peter Gaskill and 
 Alexander Durden. The latter married the widow of William 
 Penn's oldest son, William, in 1767, and, dying soon after, she 
 left him, Durden, her sole heir. 
 
 Worminghurst House was situated on an eminence overlook- 
 
 VOL. I. — B
 
 XVlll THE PENN FAMILY. 
 
 ing the beautiful South Downs of Sussex, and within a few 
 miles of the sea. It was razed to the ground long since, and 
 the Worminghurst estate absorbed in the domains of the Duke 
 of Norfolk : only the stables remain to mark the spot where 
 stood that charming home, so long brightened by the presiding 
 presence of Penn's first wife, Gulielma Maria. 
 
 Ruscombe, where William Penn long lived during the latter 
 years of his life, and where he died, is about six miles from 
 Reading, in Berkshire. The house, which was a fine one, was 
 pulled down a few years since, to make way for a railroad. But 
 to return to our narrative : 
 
 John Penn visited Pennsylvania in 1734, and died, without 
 issue, in 1746, leaving his share of the province to his bfother 
 Thomas, who came to Philadelphia in 1732, and returned to 
 England in 1740. Thomas married Lady Julianna Fermor, 
 and died in 1775. A curious paper, drawn up by Thomas Penn 
 and completed by Dr. Franklin, in 1759, gives a minute calcula- 
 tion of the supposed worth of the proprietary estate in Penn- 
 sylvania, and makes the aggregate value about ten millions 
 sterling. Twenty years later, on the 27th November, 1779, the 
 Legislature of Pennsylvania passed an act (i Smith, 479) for 
 vesting the estate of the late proprietaries in the common- 
 wealth. As this estate originally consisted of the entire soil 
 of the province, Sabine is correct in stating that it " was by far 
 the largest that was forfeited in America, and perhaps that was 
 ever sequestered during any civil war in either hemisphere." 
 By this act the proprietaries' private estates, including the 
 tenths or manors, were reserved to them, and the sum of one 
 hundred and thirty thousand pounds sterling was required to 
 be paid to the devisees and legatees of Thomas and Richard 
 Penn on the termination of the war, " in remembrance of the 
 enterprising spirit of the founder," and " of the expectations 
 and dependence of his descendants." The amount of money 
 received by the State of Pennsylvania, between 1781 and 1789, 
 from the escheated lands of the heirs of William Penn, appears, 
 by the comptroller-general's account, as recorded in Janney's 
 " Life of Penn," to have been ;^824.094 o.y. "jd. In addition to 
 the compensation voted by this State, Parliament, in 1790,
 
 THE PENN FAMILY. XIX 
 
 granted an annuity of four thousand pounds per annum to the 
 eldest male descendant of William Penn by his second wife, to 
 indemnify the family for the loss of territorial rights in Penn- 
 sylvania consequent on the Revolution. This annuity is still 
 regularly paid, the present recipient being, as I suppose, Wil- 
 liam Stewart, Esq., of Aldenham Abbey, Herts. 
 
 After the Revolution, with the exception of John Penn, son 
 of Richard and grandson of William Penn, who was governor 
 of Pennsylvania from 1763 to I77i,and from 1775 to the begin- 
 ning of hostilities, and who died in Bucks County in 1795, 
 Pennsylvanians saW and heard but little of the Founder's family. 
 It may almost be said they were to us somewhat of a myth. The 
 American ambassador for the time being, perhaps, had an 
 annual invitation to pass a da)' or two at Stoke Park, but for a 
 long time before my own first visit in 1845, scarcely half a dozen 
 Pennsylvanians, if I am correctly informed, had been taken cor- 
 dially by the hand by any member of the family. It does not 
 appear that an acerbity had grown up in their minds, though 
 they had to sustain their rights through many vexatious contro- 
 versies about property; but other interests and connections 
 absorbed their attention and thoughts. 
 
 Thomas Penn's eldest son, the late and last John Penn, 
 (grandson of the Founder,) was a virtuoso, a builder and an 
 ornamenter of fine residences — a man of fashion, and no longer 
 retaining, any more than the other relatives, the religious con- 
 victions of his great ancestor. He published two large octavo 
 volumes of poems, elegantly illustrated ; built successively the 
 great house in Kensington Gardens, London, and the noble 
 mansion of Stoke, whose magnificent park and grounds he laid 
 out and planted. He was governor of the island of Portland, 
 from which he derived the celebrated stone used everywhere, 
 and of which the new Houses of Parliament are built. Portland 
 is on the southern coast of England, one hundred and eighty- 
 five miles from London, with which it is now connected by rail 
 — is opposite Cherbourg on the French coast, and twenty miles 
 west of the Isle of Wight. John Penn there constructed a handsome 
 dwelling in the form of a castle : this was very properly named, 
 at the suggestion of a titled female relative, Pennsylvania Castle.
 
 XX THE PENN FAMILY. 
 
 It was this marine residence which John's nephew, Granville 
 John, after his sale of Stoke Park to Mr. Labouchere, member 
 of a late Cabinet, (now Lord Taui^ton,) called his home. 
 
 Below the castle, on the rocks jutting into the sea, are the 
 remains of Bow-and-Arrow Castle, one of the most ancient in 
 England, built, says tradition, by King Arthur. Ruin as it is, it 
 is still beautifully picturesque, and covered with very ancient ivy. 
 The ivy had become yellow, from having exhausted the too 
 little nourishment the rocks afforded, when an American, in 
 1865, with the assistance of Mr. Penn and the gardeners, sup- 
 plied its roots with new earth to resuscitate its amber age. The 
 ruin is in full view of the dining-room, drawing-room, and library 
 windows of the newer castle, which in itself, though castellated, 
 is a modern residence, calculated for a large family, and abound- 
 ing in every comfort. On a small mounted brass cannon on 
 the front lawn, with its muzzle pointed seaward, is inscribed 
 that it was presented by an intimate friend, a nobleman, to John 
 Penn, " member of Parliament." This is the only record I can 
 recall of John Penn's membership of the British House of Com- 
 mons. The island of Portland is a singularly barren one as 
 regards trees or cultivation ; but by careful shelter and artistic 
 planting, John Penn succeeded in surrounding the castle with 
 belts of beautiful trees, the admiration of numerous visitors, who 
 resort to the house and grounds during the bathing season at 
 Weymouth. A ticket to see the "Governor's Castle" has to be 
 obtained in the town, distant about eight miles. The magnifi- 
 cent Government breakwater, now in the course of construction 
 by convicts, has added, it is supposed, nothing to the value of 
 the castle as a property ; but since 1865 the island has been 
 entered by a railroad, intended to convey the Portland stone to 
 London, etc. The grounds belonging to the castle are situated 
 on this valuable stone deposit, on the very apex of which occur 
 remarkable remains of sea-fish, often taken out of the cleavage 
 in a singular state of perfection, and laid aside as specimens for 
 museums: when a good one is found, the workmen call attention 
 to it, and receive as a right the expected fee. 
 
 Some of the customs of this island, but now fading away 
 under the influence of a connection by bridges with the main-
 
 THE PENN FAMILY. XXI 
 
 land, are as curious and singular as anything related of the 
 most uneducated populations. 
 
 At Portland, John Penn, as governor of the island, was regu- 
 larly and officially in attendance on the court of George the 
 Third when that monarch visited his favorite watering-place, 
 Weymouth, adjoining the island. A likeness of John, in full 
 court-dress, hangs among the family portraits in the picture- 
 gallery at the castle ; and there, opposite each other, are very 
 good portraits (copies) of William Penn and James Logan. In 
 another picture, John is seen in full military array, sword in 
 hand, at the head of the Portland troop of horse, which he had 
 organized for the defence of the English coast against the 
 expected invasion of Napoleon. 
 
 John Penn also erected the modest mansion of Solitude, still 
 standing on the west bank of the Schuylkill, opposite Fairmount, 
 and now within the limits of our new Park. He had a morbid 
 dislike of intrusion during his hours of study. At Solitude there 
 is still extant the underground passage between the detached 
 kitchen and the dining-room. At the castle a still more elabo- 
 rate arrangement was made for seclusion. All along the sea 
 front of the mansion there is a private gallery, or hall, leading 
 from the very beautiful sunny library to the drawing and dining 
 rooms in the great round tower. A good story is told some- 
 where, that a servant at Solitude was determined to know how 
 his master employed his time in those hours when he was not 
 visible: he stationed himself at a keyhole one day, and saw his 
 employer lying on a sofa, delightedly reading a volume of his 
 own poems ! His translations exhibit considerable literary 
 acumen, but somehow were never popular. In his college days, 
 says the Gentleman's Magazine for December, 1834, John Penn, 
 in virtue of his maternal ancestry, was received as a nobleman 
 at Cambridge, and the degree of M. A. was conferred on him 
 in 1779. He died in 1834. 
 
 Granville Penn, John's younger brother, (who died at Stoke 
 in 1844,) was a scholar, a writer of esteemed books; and in 
 fact was called the most learned layman in England. He 
 passed his entire life in literary pursuits and in the education of
 
 XXU THE PENN FAMILY. 
 
 his children.^ He inherited Stoke and the Pennsylvania interests 
 from his brother John. His life was not prolonged beyond a few 
 years afterward, when Stoke, together with other property, and 
 nearly all the small remaining proprietary interests here, fell by 
 inheritance to his oldest son, Granville John. 
 
 The Penns of our day, as we have seen, engaged in pursuits 
 foreign to their interests in America, were naturally desirous to 
 know what moneys could be recovered from lands still their 
 own. Many successive agents in the old times, good and bad, 
 had been employed to nurse or to sell — alas ! to part with — 
 property before it had fully ripened for the market. In 1845, 
 Granville John was induced to propose a visit to Pennsylvania. 
 Wishing to know more than his father had known, he resolved 
 to see for himself the great State with which his name was so 
 honorably and intimately connected. The " heir," as we may 
 safely call him, visited us first in 185 1, and subsequently paid us 
 a second visit of some length. He was of course received with 
 the respect due to his station : the gentlemen of Pennsylvania 
 vied with each other to do him honor; he was the recipient of 
 a public dinner ; the Mayor and Councils of Philadelphia gave 
 
 'The following is a list of the works of Granville Penn: 
 
 Observations in Illustration of Virgil's celebrated Fourth Eclogue. 
 I vol., Oct., London, 1810. 
 
 A Christian's Survey of all the Primary Events and Periods of the 
 World. I vol., duo., London, 181 2. 
 
 The Prophecy of Ezekiel concerning Gogue, the last Tyrant of the 
 Church. I vol., duo., London, 1814. 
 
 The Bioscope, or Dial of Life Explained. i vol., duo. Two 
 editions, London, 1814. 
 
 Institutes of Christian Perfection ; or, Macarius the Egyptian, 
 called the Great. Translated from the Greek, i vol., duo., London, 
 1816. 
 
 An Examination of the Primary Argument of the Iliad. i vol., 
 Oct., London, 1821. 
 
 A Comparative Estimate of the Mineral and Mosaical Geologies. 
 Two editions. 2 vols., oct., London, 1825. 
 
 Memorials of the Professional Life and Times of Sir William 
 Penn, Knt. 2 vols.," oct., London, 1833. 
 
 The Book of the New Covenant of our Lord and Saviour Jesus 
 Christ. I vol., oct., London, 1836. 
 
 Annotations of the Book of the New Covenant, i vol., oct., 
 London, 1837.
 
 THE PENN FAMILY. XXiU 
 
 him a public reception, and his speeches on both occasions were 
 remarkable for classical taste and dignified delivery. These 
 attentions he returned by a very elegant collation under tents at 
 Solitude. He afterward visited many parts of this State, and 
 extended his tour to Washington, Ohio, etc., expressing himself 
 everywhere delighted with our scenery and people, and highly 
 gratified to witness so much that was beautiful, and such great 
 prosperity. His name was a passport to many kindnesses and 
 civilities, which were evinced by railroad facilities and public 
 attentions. The circumstance of the advent of the head of the 
 house of Penn among us, after so long an estrangement, was 
 truly admitted to be of great interest. A similar event cannot 
 be hoped for : his only brother, Thomas, and the only survivor 
 of the name, died without issue September 9, 1869, and was 
 interred in the family vault at Stoke. We therefore of this 
 generation have seen the last of the Founder's descendants of 
 the name of Penn, unless, indeed, some other branch should 
 wisely take the family designation, not by birth its own. 
 
 Death has indeed been rife in the circle since 1845. The 
 family at Stoke Park then consisted of the widow of Granville 
 Penn, her husband then very recently deceased, a very old lady; 
 Granville John ; three unmarried sisters ; and the youngest 
 brother, William, who was educated for the Bar. The mother, 
 the three daughters, and the three sons are now all deceased ; 
 but a more happy and united family than they formed twenty- 
 five years ago, it would be difficult to describe. Their surround- 
 ings were all of the very first class, as regards a truly noble 
 residence ; an extensive and perfectly-kept park, abounding in 
 deer and other game ; a library of great size and value ; liveried 
 servants, fine horses and coaches, with everything that could 
 make life desirable. The picturesque park, that had seen so 
 many successive generations come and go, as one rambled 
 among its beautiful and ancient trees was as silent as any scene 
 amid our own native forests. The servants had mowed the ex- 
 tensive lawns ; the hot-house gardeners had set out the Italian 
 portico with newly-flowered plants, covering the pots with 
 lycopodiums and mosses, and the attendants had all disappeared 
 before breakfast was announced : every sound was stilled, and
 
 XXIV THE PENN FAMILY. 
 
 the place was all one's own. The deer silently wandered 
 among the ferns half as tall as themselves; the librarian, him- 
 self a learned man and an author of merit, was at his post to 
 hand the guests any book they required, or the morning edition 
 of the London Times. Such is an imperfect glimpse of the best 
 English life. The impression was, How painful to leave it and 
 to die ! 
 
 One felt assured, on passing into the great entrance-hall, 
 beneath a funereal hatchment in memory of the late proprietor, 
 that he was not entering a house of consistent Quakers, for one 
 of the first objects was a pair of small brass cannon, taken by 
 Admiral Penn in his Dutch wars, elegantly mounted and pol- 
 ished ; and near by, opening on the left, was a fine billiard- 
 room. Family prayers were not neglected : the numerous 
 servants were regularly assembled, as is a usual custom in 
 England : the service of the day was reverently read, and all, 
 from the head of the house to the humblest individual, on their 
 knees gave thanks for mercies received. The house was not 
 wanting in memorials of Pennsylvania — a large portion of the 
 Treaty Tree, sent by some members of the Historical Society, 
 with a silver label on it, ornamenting the grand drawing-room 
 of the second story, which was reached by a superb, long, and 
 rather fatiguing marble staircase. The birds of Pennsylvania, 
 too, were represented in elegant glass cases, together with 
 Indian relics, and a finely preserved beaver, which animal was 
 once the annual tribute of the Penns to the Crown. 
 
 Stoke was purchased in 1760 of the noble family of Cobham 
 by Thomas Penn, son of the Founder. It had been the prop- 
 erty of Sir Christopher Hatton, promoted by Queen Elizabeth 
 for his graceful person and fine dancing ; of Lord Coke, (Coke 
 upon Littleton ;) and lastly of the Cobham family. Below the 
 garrets, and at the extremity of one wing of the original man- 
 sion, had been a state bed-chamber, which, according to tradi- 
 tion, was once occupied by Queen Elizabeth, and where she 
 gave an audience. The ceiling was marked in several places 
 with the initials E. R. and a crown. 
 
 A commanding pillar by Wyatt, with a life-size figure of Sir 
 Edward Coke, was erected by the late John Penn not far from
 
 THE PENN FAMILY. XXV 
 
 the new house. The old manse was a quaint brick structure, as 
 shown by a view from the pencil of the celebrated Mrs. Oliver : 
 it is now mainly demolished, enough, however, being left to 
 exhibit its character. What remains has been converted into 
 the residence of the keeper of the park, with two apartments 
 in the second story fitted up by the Penns, as pleasure-rooms or 
 resting-places, and furnished with portraits, hangings, and other 
 decorations in keeping with the age of its erection. Space has 
 also been left for a fine racket-court under the old roof and walls. 
 But one of the chief interests of this old dwelling lies in the 
 fact that it is the scene of Gray's " Long Story." The church, 
 not far from the mansion, is Gray's church — the inspirer of his 
 " Elegy in a Country Churchyard." This exquisite poet and 
 scholar was buried in the churchyard in the year 1771, without 
 any kind of memorial to indicate the spot; but it is known to 
 be near the grave of his venerated mother: a recent rector has 
 placed a stone under the window overlooking the scene, where 
 the inscription by Gray is in substance as follows : 
 
 " The mother of many children, 
 
 One only of whom had the misfortune 
 
 To survive her." 
 
 But in 1798 a sarcophagus, elevated upon a pedestal, after an 
 elegant design by James Wyatt, and with appropriate inscrip- 
 tions, partly from Gray's odes and Elegy, was erected by John 
 Penn upon a spot commanding the points of view connecting 
 the interesting objects there particularized. On one side are the 
 following eight lines of the Elegy, supposed to represent Gray 
 himself: 
 
 " Hard by yon wood, now smiling as in scorn. 
 
 Muttering his wayward fancies, he would rove ; 
 Now drooping, woful, wan, like one forlorn, 
 
 Or crazed with care, or cross'd in hopeless love. 
 
 " One mom I miss'd him on the 'customed hill, 
 Along the heath and near his fav'rite tree : 
 Another came; nor yet beside the rill. 
 
 Nor up the lawn, nor at the wood, was he." 
 
 On another side are lettered the following lines from the " Ode 
 on a Distant Prospect of Eton College " :
 
 XXVI THE PENN FAMILY. 
 
 " Where once my careless childhood strayed, 
 
 A stranger yet to pain ! — 
 I feel the gales that from ye blow 
 A momentary bliss bestow, 
 As, waving fresh their gladsome wing, 
 
 My weary soul they seem to soothe. 
 
 And, redolent of joy and youth. 
 To breathe a second spring." 
 
 John Penn and other members of his family have shown, as 
 the London Times remarks, the greatest regard for the memory 
 of Gray ; in fact, have identified their name with his. 
 
 Gray's house, on the large farm belonging to the estate, was 
 most superbly ornamented by the celebrated architect Wyatt, 
 who converted it into an Elizabethan mansion, with every pos- 
 sible accessary of ornament and beauty — fountains, etc. — at 
 the expense of the late Mr. G. J. Penn, who designed occupying 
 it at intervals for his own residence, though his time during 
 the latter portion of his life was mostly passed in London, in 
 attendance on his invalid brother. Some years, however, were 
 greatly enjoyed by him in domestic tranquillity with his sisters in 
 a desirable house in Belgravia. 
 
 Gray's house was finally sold to a man of wealth. In 1850, 
 the Government was in treaty for Stoke as a residence for the 
 Prince of Wales, the negotiation failing only because it was 
 determined the Prince should live nearer to or in London. As 
 an evidence of the value of these places. Stoke was sold for 
 three hundred and fifty thousand dollars ; and, if I am correctly 
 informed, Gray's house and the large farm attached produced 
 an equal sum. 
 
 The library of Stoke House is situated behind the grand col- 
 onnade, and is one hundred and eighty feet in length : it is a 
 noble room, and was nobly filled with the best books and best 
 editions ; among which the visitor could not fail to remark the 
 original manuscript of Gray's Elegy, which consisted of only a 
 few sheets, with many alterations on them, and which was after- 
 ward sold for twelve hundred dollars. This treasure was encased 
 in a delicate, velvet-covered box, clasped and ornamented with 
 gold. Every published edition of Gray was here enshrined : 
 the first has the modest title-page, " Poems by Mr. Gray."
 
 THE PENN FAMILY. XXVU 
 
 The whole scene is surpassingly lovely, and, being within an 
 easy walk of Windsor, it is the shrine of the pilgrimage of 
 travellers who appreciate true genius and finished poetical 
 expression. The mansion was also a " show house " : the pic- 
 ture by West of the Treaty Tree — now removed to Philadel- 
 phia — the family portraits by Sir Joshua Reynolds, and other 
 treasures of art, with John Penn's tasteful architecture, land- 
 scape gardening, and extensive planting, attracted and still 
 attract numerous visitors. In short, it is a fitting residence for 
 a wealthy nobleman. Its buildings and artistic decorations 
 absorbed a large part of the income from manors reserved in this 
 province. 
 
 A pleasant neighborly feeling existed between the royal 
 family and the Penns : the fox-hounds of Windsor frequently 
 were allowed to course through Stoke* Park ; John Penn sent, on 
 one occasion, some of Pennsylvania's favorite canvas-back ducks 
 for the royal table. In 1864, Heme's Oak, in the great Wind- 
 sor Park, blew down. The Queen ordered the wood to be care- 
 fully preserved. Mr. Penn requested a small portion, which 
 was cheerfully granted. A copy of Campbell's edition of Shak- 
 speare, complete in one volume, and now in the writer's pos- 
 session, is one of two copies bound with the relic, and the only 
 one in America. 
 
 The late Granville John Penn, born November, 1803 — whose 
 gift to the Historical Society of the original belt of wampum 
 will be remembered, and whose accomplishments, amiable dis- 
 position, and refined manners endeared him to all who knew 
 him — was educated for the Chancery Bar, and read with a 
 learned tutor who has since risen to great eminence. His 
 scholarship he acquired at Christ Church, Oxford, where he 
 took his degrees. Dr. Langley, the present Archbishop of Can- 
 terbury, was his and his surviving brother's tutor there. Under 
 the auspices of this distinguished prelate he had intended to 
 reprint the " New Covenant" — a translation of the New Testa- 
 ment that had added to his father's well-earned reputation, and 
 is even now in esteem — a work of at least as great merit as the 
 translation by our own Charles Thomson, the " perpetual sec- 
 retary " of the Continental Congress, and " the man of truth."
 
 XXVlU THE PENN FAMILY. 
 
 The early education of Granville John, and of his brothers, 
 Thomas and William, was conducted by their father: they never 
 had gone to any school previous to their entering college. 
 While at college — it may be mentioned in passing — Mr. Gran- 
 ville John Penn acted as one of the pages at the gorgeous coro- 
 nation of George the Fourth — a position much sought for by 
 young men of family. He was fond of relating that, on this 
 great occasion, the young pages, unaccustomed to waiting on 
 others, entirely forgot to bring in the hot dishes ; the royal 
 company was consequently obliged to be contented with the 
 cold collation set on for show during the ceremony ; after which 
 the newly-fledged servitors had the satisfaction of consuming 
 the turtle soups, the game, and other delicacies intended for 
 royalty. 
 
 Granville John Penn passed most of his early years at his 
 father's house in Hertford Street, Mayfair, with Lord and Lady 
 Cremorne, or at Stoke Park, whither the family, at the period 
 of the Weymouth season, regularly migrated during their uncle 
 John's residence at the Portland castle. 
 
 It must be added that the subject of my too brief memoir, the late 
 Granville John Penn, was rather suddenly stricken down, though 
 there were evidences for some time of a breaking up of his con- 
 stitution. He died March 29th, 1867, with a will unsigned in 
 his hand — nobody being with him but his man-servant. By 
 this omission of his signature, all his property descended to his 
 brother Thomas, a gentleman in clerical orders, a man of most 
 extensive reading and research, but subsequently declared, by a 
 commission of lunacy, incapable of managing his estates, which 
 were consequently in chancery, and since his death have gone 
 to William Stuart, Esq., his nearest kin. The following notice 
 of his death appeared in the London Times : 
 
 " Granville John Penn, Esq. 
 
 "Granville John Penn, Esq., formerly of Stoke Park, Bucks, who 
 died on the 29th ult., was the lineal representative of Sir William 
 Penn, admiral of the fleet, temp. King Charles the Second, and of the 
 admiral's only and illustrious son, William Penn, the Founder of Penn- 
 sylvania; and was the eldest son of Granville Penn, Esq., of Stoke
 
 THE PENN FAMILY. XXIX 
 
 Park, by his wife Isabella, eldest daughter of General Gordon Forbes, 
 colonel Twenty-ninth Foot ; and grandson of his Excellency Gov- 
 ernor Thomas Penn, and his wife, Lady Julianna Fermor, daughter 
 of Thomas, first Earl of Pomfret. Mr. Granville John Penn was a 
 deputy lieutenant and magistrate for Bucks, with which county he and 
 his distinguished family had been so long associated. He died unmar- 
 ried, and is succeeded by his only surviving brother, the Rev. Thomas 
 Penn, M. A., of Christ Church, Oxon. O'f the four sisters of Mr. 
 Penn, just deceased, three died unmarried ; and the eldest, Sophia, 
 died the first wife of General Sir William Gomm, G. C. B. Sir Wil- 
 liam married a second time, and still survives, the beloved and favorite 
 commander of the well-t^own and celebrated Coldstream Guards. 
 At the age of eighty-nine he is a hale old gentleman, fond of society, 
 attending all the court ceremonies and concerts, entertaining royalty 
 at his own table, and taking his turn at the grouse during the shooting 
 season. He was with Sir John Moore at Corunna so long ago as 1809, 
 and commanded, before the last outbreak, the army of the interior of 
 India, where he lived in great state. His retinue was accompanied 
 by a large force of elephants, and with the train of an Eastern satrap 
 he made an annual tour of inspection. Mr. G. J. Penn had repeated 
 invitations to join him in these excursions, and to bring with him, as a 
 companion, either an Englishman or an American ; but these oppor- 
 timities for a high ride on a howdah were reluctantly declined. Return- 
 ing from India, he purchased the late John Penn's great house in Lon- 
 don, where he resides. Sir William possesses some interests in Penn- 
 sylvania, which he acquired, however, by purchase. He is childless. 
 " The Penns have left their memory lastingly connected with their 
 former seat, Stoke Park, and its neighborhood. Stoke Park, since 
 their time the residence of Lord Taunton, and now in the possession 
 of Mr. Coleman, has close to it the time-honored and beautiful 
 churchyard of Gray's Elegy, where Gray himself reposes, with 
 little as yet to notify the fact, and where his grave might be passed 
 unheeded but for the magnificent cenotaph erected not far from the 
 churchyard to the poet's memory by the worthy John Penn, governor 
 of Portland in the County of Dorset, and last hereditary governor 
 of Pennsylvania, grandson of the founder, William Penn, and uncle 
 of the Mr. Penn just deceased. To the poet the Penns thus did 
 honor, whilst, pursuant to the stringency of Quaker custom, their own 
 great William Penn lies in an unmarked, humble grave in the Quakers' 
 burial-ground of Jordans, a few miles from Stoke. Yet, as stated, 
 the whole district is replete with fecollections of the Penns, few visitors
 
 XXX THE PENN FAMILY. 
 
 failing to see Jordans, and to associate the Penn name with Stoke 
 Park and village, and the monument of Gray." 
 
 Mr. Penn's remains were solemnly deposited in the family- 
 vault in the church situated on glebe land in Stoke Park — 
 "Gray's Church" — to which the Penns had long been the 
 most liberal patrons, a fine organ having been one of Granville 
 John's last munificent gifts. As lord of the manor, the family 
 pew occupied the entire basement beneath the steeple, which 
 pew, unlike anything we see in America, was a large room, 
 with a fireplace in it, comfortable chairs and ottomans, and a 
 curtain drawn at pleasure to conceal the inmates. The great 
 tomb or vault of the Penns i:s situated about the centre of the 
 church, and to gain access to it numerous pews have to be 
 removed. 
 
 I have proposed to trace the descendants of William Penn to 
 the present generation, and there are several reasons why I 
 should do so. In a transaction so large as the settlement of this 
 Commonwealth, where proprietary interests and reservations of 
 interests were frequent, there is no saying when the acquired 
 rights may cease. As instances of those rights, two illustrations 
 will suffice : Thomas Penn, son of the Founder, owned the site 
 on which Easton, Pennsylvania, is built, and gave to the new 
 town two squares of ground to erect thereon a court-house and 
 a prison. In the deed it was stipulated that a red ^.y^' was to be 
 paid at Christmas to the head of the family for ever, thus reserv- 
 ing a consideration. In course of time, the city fathers of 
 Easton wished to remove their prison and court-house, and em- 
 ploy the ground as public squares. They could not divert the 
 gift from its original purposes without consent of the heir of the 
 Founder: he happened to be with us, say, in 1852. Application 
 was made to allow the change, and a liberal cheque, " to save 
 trouble," as the clerk expressed it, was sent, and I believe ac- 
 cepted, for granting the use of the ground to a new purpose. 
 
 Another instance may be mentioned. In all the manors — 
 and they were quite numerous — reservation was made of all the 
 minerals. About five years ago a zinc company was formed to 
 work certain mineral lands in Sinking Valley, Tyrone County.
 
 THE PENN FAMILY. XXXI 
 
 On examining their deeds it was found that the minerals were 
 reserved, and some eight dollars an acre had to be paid to the 
 agent of the Penns to extinguish the royalty. 
 
 It will be remembered that Admiral Penn declined one of the 
 highest titles in the gift of the Crown because his son, having 
 turned Quaker, would never wear it. He did not foresee that 
 his descendants would return to the communion of the Church 
 of England. 
 
 The Founder of Pennsylvania married, as already stated, first, 
 Gulielma Maria Springett, daughter of Sir William Springett, 
 formerly of Darling in Sussex, who was killed in the civil 
 wars at the siege of Barnber, and, secondly, Hannah, the daugh- 
 ter of Thomas Callowhill ; and it is worthy of note how many 
 titles are still in possession of his present or late descendants. 
 
 Thomas, son of the Founder, married, at the age of fifty, 
 Lady Julianna Fermor, daughter of the Earl of Pomfret and 
 Lempster. Her father's titles became extinct in 1867 by the 
 decease of the Earl of Pomfret, who died unmarried at his Lon- 
 don residence in St. James' Place, in his forty-third year. Mr. 
 G. J. Penn had been his guardian, as well as of his younger 
 brother, also now deceased. Lord Pomfret received his degrees 
 in L845, and soon after took his seat in the House of Lords. 
 His appearance was distinguished : tall and handsome, in his 
 Oxford dress he looked the young nobleman. I find the follow- 
 ing in the London Times : as it is brief and to our purpose, 
 enumerating sundry near relatives, etc., it is here inserted : 
 
 "Wills and Bequests. — Probate of the will of the Right Hon. 
 George William Richard Fermor, Earl of Pomfret, late of Easton 
 Neston, Northamptonshire, was granted by Her Majesty's Court of 
 Probate, on the 5th of August, to his lordship's brothers-in-law, Sir 
 Thomas George Hesketh and Colonel Thomas Wedderburn Ogilvy, 
 (Life Guards,) and his (the testator's) cousin, Sir George William 
 Denys, of Draycott Hall, Yorkshire, the executors. The personality 
 was sworn under twenty thousand pounds. His lordship's will bears 
 date the 13th of February, 1867, and he died on the 8th of June, in 
 St. James' Place, at the age of forty-three, a bachelor. The title 
 becomes extinct. He has appointed and devised all his estates 
 in Cumberland, subject to conditions of indenture of 185 1 and
 
 XXXll THE PENN FAMILY. 
 
 Otherwise, to his cousin, Sir George William Denys ; and devises all 
 his other freehold estates, over which he had a power of disposal, to 
 such uses as are contained in the settlement, and to be held in like 
 manner; and leaves all his pictures, furniture, and plate to be held with 
 the settled estates in the County of Northampton. He bequeathes 
 the residue of his personal property to his two sisters. Lady Anna 
 Maria Arabella, wife of Sir Thomas G. Hasketh, M. P., of Rufford 
 Hall, Leicestershire, and Lady Henrietta Louisa, wife of Colonel 
 Thomas W. Ogilvy, in equal proportions." 
 
 Pomfret Castle and the principal estates are in Northampton- 
 shire. 
 
 Lady Julianna is always mentioned in the family with the 
 greatest respect and regard. An engraving of Sir Joshua 
 Reynolds's portrait of herself, surrounded by her young family, 
 is a fine work of art and very rare. 
 
 While thus dwelling on the Penn familj', it is interesting to 
 remember that not only is the name of the Founder afifixed to 
 many places in our State, as well as elsewhere, but the names 
 of his relations, such as Callowhill and Letitia, also occur as 
 household words, and are to be found on our street corners. In 
 Easton, streets are still called Julianna, Fermor, and Pomfret. 
 Lancaster boasts of a Julianna Library, which, I am afraid, is 
 composed mostly of musty volumes. 
 
 William Penn's granddaughter, Margaret, married Thomas 
 Freame : their daughter, Philadelphia Hannah, born in Phila- 
 delphia, married Viscount Cremorne, of Dawson Grove, Ireland, 
 and thus became Lady Cremorne. They owned and resided on 
 a beautiful spot in London, on the Thames, which has been sold, 
 and is known as Cremorne Gardens, a place long of fashionable 
 resort. The title is still in existence, and the present head of the 
 family has lately been created Earl Dartrcy, his eldest son bear- 
 ing the title of Lord Cremorne. Earl Dartrey is a nobleman of 
 large income, and is an Irish peer : the family name is Dawson, 
 lie is in high favor, and at this time one of the lords of the 
 court, and is constantly attendant upon the Queen. 
 
 There was a lovely portrait of Philadelphia Hannah Penn, 
 Lady Cremorne, in the great north room of Stoke, painted by 
 Sir Joshua; and one of the last acts of the late Mr. Penn was
 
 THE PENN FAMILY. XXXlii 
 
 the presentation of this portrait, and that of her husband, to 
 Earl Dartrey. Lady Crcmorne died so lately as 1826, at the age 
 of eighty-six. Some of the Cremorlie furniture and china and 
 plate was at Pennsylvania Castle in 1865. 
 
 William Penn's son, Thomas, had a daughter, Sophia Marga- 
 ret, who married, May 3, 1796, Archbishop Stuart of Armagh, 
 a lineal descendant of the royal family of Stuart, and Lord Pri- 
 mate of all Ireland. Very singularly, the archbishop, when ill 
 with the gout and in great suffering, called for his opiate, pre- 
 scribed to allay pain, when Mrs. Stuart, in her anxiety, admin- 
 istered the embrocation, which, being a poison, caused his death. 
 It is said that on discovering her fatal mistake, she rushed into 
 the street in her night-dress, and her hair turned white with the 
 horror of her incautious act : certain it is that she never recov- 
 ered her equanimity. 
 
 The Most Rev. Dr. Stuart died in 1822. His remains were 
 deposited in the family vault at Sutton, where, on one of the 
 walls of the old church, is a marble tablet, bearing the following 
 interesting inscription : 
 
 *' In the same vault with 
 
 The Honorable William Stuart, D. D., 
 
 Primate of all Ireland, 
 
 Are deposited the remains of his Widow, 
 
 The Honorable Sophia Margaret, 
 
 The last surviving granddaughter of 
 
 William Penn, 
 
 The celebrated Founder of Pennsylvania. 
 
 Born 25th of December, 1764. 
 
 Died 29th of April, 1847. 
 
 Also Louisa, their youngest daughter, 
 
 \Vho departed this life 20th of December, 1823, 
 
 Aged 22 years." 
 
 Their eldest son, William, married Henrietta, daughter of Ad- 
 min-al Sir C. Pole, who, by the decease of his near relatives, is 
 now the head of the house of Penn. 
 
 Their daughter, Mary Julianna, married Thomas, Viscount 
 Northland, Eafl Ranfurly, the eldest son retaining the title of 
 Northland. The title of Ranfurly is now held by an infant, the 
 fourth earl. The family name is Knox. The Hon. Stuart Knox, 
 
 VOL. I. — C
 
 XXXIV THE PENN FAMILY. 
 
 son of a former earl, now represents what is called a pocket 
 borough, Dungannon, in Parliament. 
 
 I find the following brief notice in the London Illustrated News, 
 of July, 1866. It serves to continue our story, and is therefore 
 inserted entire : 
 
 "The Countess Dowager of Ranfurly. 
 
 "The Right Hon. Mary Julianna, Countess Dowager of Ranfurly, 
 who died on July 10, 1866, at her town-house, 10 Gloucester Place, 
 Portman Square, was the eldest daughter of the late Honorable and 
 Most Rev. William Stuart, Lord Archbishop of Armagh, by his wife, 
 Sophia Margaret Julianna, daughter of Thomas Penn, Esq., and his 
 wife, Lady Julianna Penn, of Stoke Park, Stoke Pogis, Bucks, and was 
 the granddaughter of King George the Third's celebrated prime min- 
 ister, John, third Earl of Bute, K. G., and was the sister of the present 
 William Stuart, Esq., of Aldenham Abbey, Herts. Her ladyship 
 was born April 3, 1797, and was married, February 8, 1815, to 
 Thomas, second Earl of Ranfurly, who died April 26, 1840. By this 
 union her ladyship had issue — Thomas, third Earl of Ranfurly, and 
 two other sons, one of whom survives ; and seven daughters, of whom 
 six survive and four are married — viz., Lady Mary Stuart Page Read, 
 of Sutton House, Suffolk ; Lady Louisa Julianna Alexander, of Fork- 
 hill House, in the County of Armagh; Lady Julianna Caroline Walker; 
 and Lady Adela Henrietta Goff, of Hale Park, Hants. The Lady 
 Ranfurly just deceased was grandmother of Thomas Granville Henry 
 Stuart, fourth and present Earl of Ranfurly." 
 
 The now minor Earl of Ranfurly, Thomas Granville Henry 
 Stuart, is said to inherit a large rent-roll from estates in the 
 North of Ireland, which will accumulate during his minority. 
 
 William Stuart, Esq., a son of the Most Rev. William Stuart, 
 and now the representative of the Penn family, is a gentleman 
 of education and fortune. He lives in hospitable style, and has 
 a noble library, in the centre of which, on a pedestal and gor- 
 geous cushion, and covered with a glass urn reversed, is pre- 
 served the gold medal and long chain presented to Admiral 
 Penn by Parliament. Its fellow, a like gift to Admiral Blake, 
 was considered by the heirs of Blake intrinsically too valuable 
 to retain, and was melted. Thus the Penn medal is unique.
 
 THE PENN FAMILY. XXXV 
 
 Our own Pennsylvania family of descendants of the Founder, 
 the Gaskills and Halls, etc., are also the heirs of the honor of 
 the lineage. They are descended from William Penn's oldest 
 son, William, who married Mary Jones, and died in France. 
 They are our highly esteemed fellow-citizens of Pennsylvania, 
 and possess the Irish estate. 
 
 William Penn's son, William, married Mary Jones, as above 
 stated. Their son, William, married, first, Christiana Forbes ; 
 second, Ann Vaux. This third William's daughter by his first 
 wife, Christiana Gulielma, married Peter Gaskill. Their chil- 
 dren were Jane, Thomas Penn, Alexander Forbes, Peter Penn, 
 and William Penn Gaskill. Peter Penn Gaskill rrtarried Eliza- 
 beth Edwards, of Montgomery County, Pennsylvania, and left 
 numerous issue, viz. : William Penn ; Thomas Penn, married to 
 Mary McGlenachen ; Eliza Penn ; Alexander Forbes ; Peter 
 Penn, married to Louisa Heath ; Jane Penn ; Isaac Penn; Chris- 
 tiana Gulielma, married to William Hall. 
 
 From Peter Penn Gaskill and Louisa Heath descended Eliza- 
 beth Penn ; Louisa, married to William Gerald Fitzgerald ; 
 Mary Gulielma Penn, Gulielma Penn, Hetty Penn, Mary Penn, 
 William Penn, Jane Penn, Emily Penn, and Peter Penn. 
 
 Christiana Gulielma Gaskill, who married William Hall, left 
 descendants, viz. : William Hall and Peter Hall. 
 
 There are other descendants of the Founder whom this imper- 
 fect sketch should note. To save confusion, I have traced the 
 family of Thomas first. Richard, his brother, (son of the Found- 
 er,) was joint proprietor with Thomas. He married Hannah 
 Lardner, daughter of Richard Lardner, M. D. Lynford Lard- 
 ner, brother to Hannah (Lardner) Penn, came to this country, 
 and was much esteemed and trusted by the proprietaries : he 
 was appointed receiver-general and keeper of the great seal. 
 He was a gentleman in all the senses of that comprehensive 
 word, and has left a family still high in the esteem of their 
 fellow-citizens. They possess some valuable portraits of the 
 Penns, sent them, with every token of esteem and regard, by 
 Richard Penn. May we hope that these, now in the family of 
 Richard Penn Lardner, Esq., will be carefully preserved? The 
 children of Richard Penn by Hannah Lardner were John Penn,
 
 XXXVl THE PENN FAMILY. 
 
 governor of Pennsylvania from 1763 to the Revolution, who 
 married Anne Allen, and died in Pennsylvania, but was buried 
 in England, who also built Lansdowne, on the Schuylkill ; Rich- 
 ard Penn, who married Mary Masters, and visited us in 1808; 
 and Hannah, who married James Clayton. 
 
 Richard Penn and Mary Masters had issue — William, Rich- 
 ard, Hannah and Mary : the latter married Samuel Paynter. 
 William visited Pennsylvania with his father in 1808, and 
 remained here some years. His character was not an estimable 
 one : he married here disreputably, and dying not long after, 
 he left his widow but ill provided for: she went to Paris, where 
 she was seen not many years since, still carrying the external 
 marks of beauty. 
 
 Richard and Hannah never married, and survived to within 
 a few years. They settled at Richmond, Hill, on the Thames, 
 and, finding their incomes insufficient for their style of life, 
 Hannah came to Philadelphia, and sold their properties in this 
 city at their then low values, and with the proceeds purchased 
 a joint annuity. Richard, who was a genial, kind-hearted man, 
 and the author of a little treatise on angling, devised his remain- 
 ing proprietary interests to his intimate friend Sir Peter Smith, 
 who now comes in for a share of the dilapidated fortune which, 
 by the exercise of reasonable prudence and management, might 
 have made its possessor one of the richest men of this rich 
 age. 
 
 The last-named Richard undertook, at one time, to examine 
 the papers of William Penn, to which no biographer of our 
 Founder has yet had full access — a fact to be deeply deplored. 
 For his purpose, a room at Stoke was prepared, and the libra- 
 rian summoned, when huge trunks and drawers were placed at 
 his disposal. The task proved too onerous, and was soon given 
 up in despair. The next destination of these documents was 
 a fireproof room of the Pantechnicon, in London, where they 
 remained till 1864, together with the family and other pictures, 
 plate, and reserved valuables. In that year a portion of the 
 letters and papers was transported to Pennsylvania Castle. 
 There I saw some of them, particularly English letters to Penn 
 from well-known celebrities; but nothing had been opened
 
 THE PENN FAMILY. XXXVll 
 
 relating to Pennsylvania. It is for many reasons to be hoped 
 the family will show mercy to these long locked-up documents, 
 and give them to the world under suitable auspices. 
 
 The little less than malicious charges of Lord Macaulay 
 against William Penn, lately repeated (and distorted) by Victor 
 Hugo, have been ably and successfully refuted ; but it is well 
 to say here that the late Granville John Penn found the most 
 ample proofs of their falsity. He had collated from a number 
 of family letters and papers sufficient to convince the world 
 that the would-be historian's assertions were untrue accusations. 
 Mr. Penn, unfortunately, did not live to make them public. 
 
 For any further information regarding the family of Penn, I 
 refer to a sheet entitled "William Penn, Proprietary of Penn- 
 sylvania, his Ancestors and Descendants. 1852. By Thomas 
 Gilpin" — a painstaking and accurate genealogist and gentle- 
 man — from which may be gleaned many names and marriages 
 here omitted. 
 
 The fragmentary particulars I have prepared will have exhib- 
 ited, by inference, the career of some of the more prominent 
 members of the family, who, though most respectably and hon- 
 orably employed, abandoned to agents one of the finest inherit- 
 ances on earth — a province situated on the isothermal line 
 most conducive to the healthy growth and happiness of man ; 
 where fogs do not hide the light of heaven, nor hurricanes 
 destroy whole cities at one fell blast ; where the climate is not 
 so cold in winter as to destroy the animals on which man depends 
 for labor and food, as is sometimes the case farther northward, 
 nor insupportably warm in the summer solstice, as in the coun- 
 try and islands south of us ; a province where grow the best 
 fruits, cereals, and grass, and vegetables, in the utmost per- 
 fection and luxuriance ; where iron and coal are in such abun- 
 dance that no man has yet dared to calculate the date of their 
 exhaustion ; where perfect freedom as regards religious tenets 
 
 — thanks to the Founder — exists, and where we might all be 
 as happy as it is possible to be on this planet — if we could only 
 get rid of the politicians. In short, we have the best climate in 
 the world, producing, by the simple labors of the freeman, and 
 
 — thanks to our own inventions, with lightened toil — nearly all
 
 xxxviii THE PENN FAMILY. 
 
 needed luxuries. All this fair land and its abundance — of which 
 even the tenths reserved at the Revolution were a princely 
 estate — were left for the ease and honors of the Old World — 
 it is not mere hyperbole to say abandoned for less noble objects 
 of ambition. Agents and sub-agents, at a heavy cost, were 
 employed ; proprietary governors were salaried and supported ; 
 the moneys received were almost always spent in advance ; and 
 a commission and interest were charged by London bankers, 
 who kept an open account with the heirs as long as there was 
 anything to authorize it. It sometimes seems to me that every 
 stone composing the walls of Pennsylvania Castle cost a city 
 lot; that every pane of glass in Stoke mansion alienated a 
 ground rent; while every grand entertainment in the London 
 house may safely be said to have taken a farm. 
 
 An American was asked, in London, not many years ago, by 
 a person in good society, and who ought to have known better, 
 if Philadelphia was near Pennsylvania. It is true that many 
 of our transatlantic cousins know little of us; for this igno- 
 rance, however, we can forgive them, for we know little of 
 many points, geographical and other, relating to them ; but we 
 could not forgive ourselves, and posterity would not forgive us, 
 if we, who have been their contemporaries, allowed the inherit- 
 ors of our Founder's name to be left without trace or memento. 
 As a matter of taste and feeling we should make the record : 
 if it is a duty, it is surely a matter of interest historically, to 
 know the fate of the descendants of a great and good man. 
 Such is the pleasing task of the Historical Society of Pennsyl- 
 vania when it commemorates the good deeds of Penn — deeds 
 which have resulted in such great and permanent good. He 
 sowed in sorrow — we are reaping the ripened fruit. We should 
 rejoice to keep bright the chain, and record, as time passes 
 rapidly away, the story of his posterity. 
 
 The exact story of William Penn's connection with his father 
 the admiral, has been sometimes a little distorted. It is well, 
 therefore, to copy here what his grandson says, in his " Life of 
 Sir William Penn." It is evidently intended to be, and probably 
 is, entirely correct:
 
 THE PENN FAMILY. XXXIX 
 
 "His father's health, which had been declining rapidly throughout 
 the summer, was now on the point of failing him altogether. His dis- 
 appointment, and the various conflicting feelings put in action by his 
 son's imprisonment and persecution, could not but tend to hasten its 
 decay. Though he was deeply grieved at the course which his son had 
 chosen to pursue, he was sensible of his excellence, admired his quali- 
 ties, and was indignant at his persecutors. In the few days that he 
 survived after his son's liberation he had the comfort of receiving, both 
 from the King and Duke of York, the most gracious and kind assur- 
 ances of their regard, and their promise of continuing the same to his 
 son ; a promise, which both these princes religiously observed. At 
 length, on the i6th of the same month of September, he sunk under 
 his infirmities ; and expired, worn out by his public services, at the age 
 of forty-nine years and five months." — Life of Sir William Penn, by 
 Granville Penn. 
 
 "It had been the King's intention to raise Sir William Penn to a 
 higher honor, by the title of the borough which he represented in Par- 
 liament ; but, his son having embraced the persuasion of the Society 
 of Quakers, and having, in 1668, in his work entitled, * No Cross, no 
 Crown,' published an express and vehement disclaimer of all titles 
 of honor, through the religious principles of his new persuasion, that 
 stream of royal favor was stemmed. In that work he largely assigns 
 * the reasons why he, and the people with whom he walks in religion, 
 decline giving gaudy titles, and refuse the present use of these customs ; 
 and cannot esteem titles such as these, most excellent, most sacred, 
 your grace, your lordship, etc., being prohibited by God, his Son, and 
 servants in days past.' To this point he alludes, in a letter written 
 some years after, (the 5th of the loth month, 1682), from the new town 
 of Chester, in his infant province of Pennsylvania : ' It is more than 
 a worldly title or patent ihdX hath clothed me in this place: nor am I 
 sitting down in a. greatness that I have denied. Had I sought greatness, 
 I had stayed at home ; where the difference between what I am here, 
 and was offered and could have had there, is as wide as the places 
 are. ' " — Ibid. 
 
 Note. — Works, Life, fol., vol. i, p. 124; 8vo., vol. I., p,86; Clarkson's Life of 
 William Penn, vol. I, pp. 351-352. Mr. Clarkson, not being aware of the allusion 
 in the first sentence, has omitted it in his extract from this letter. During the years 
 1768-70, when Viscount Weymouth was secretary of state for the plantations, the 
 late Mr. Thomas Penn, last surviving son of the Quaker, (my father,) often observed 
 in his family, that, in transacting the business of his province with that noble lord, he 
 could rarely avoid the reflection that, if his father had not been a Quaker, he should
 
 xl THE PENN FAMILY. 
 
 have borne the title then borne by the noble secretary. It is certain that the title of 
 Weymouth did not issue from the Crown until after the execution of the grant of the 
 province of Pennsylvania, as its equivalent, in 1680; which province was erected by 
 its charter, into a seignory, and the grant made to rest on the same ground on which 
 the title would have stood; viz. : " The merits of Sir William Penn in divers services, 
 etc." — Life of Sir William Fenn, by Granville Penn. 
 
 Extract from Sir William Penn's Will. 
 
 " I do also will and devise unto my eldest son, William Penn, my 
 gold chain and medal, with the rest and residue of all my plate, house- 
 hold stuff, etc., not herein before devised, etc. And I do hereby con- 
 stitute and declare, nominate, and appoint my said son William sole 
 executor of this my last will and testament," etc. 
 
 Note. — His gold chain and medal remain with his family. An engraving of the 
 medal is given in Virtue's Collection of the Works of Simon, the eminent artist who 
 executed it, facing page 27. A correct engraving of the same is also published, as a 
 frontispiece, in one of the volumes of Chamock's Biographia Navalis. — Life of Sir 
 William Penn. 
 
 Here lieth the body of 
 
 Honourable John Penn, Esq., 
 
 One of the late Proprietaries of 
 
 Pennsylvania. 
 
 WTio died February 9th, A. D. 1795, 
 
 Aged 67 years. 
 
 [The above inscription is upon a slab in the aisle in front of the chancel, 19 feet 
 
 from the south wall, Christ Church, Philadelphia.] 
 
 The house occupied by General Washington, on Market below Sixth 
 Street, Philadelphia, was the property of William Masters, and the 
 inheritance of Mrs. Penn and Mrs. Camac, and they lived there for 
 some time. It was afterwards sold to Robert Morris, and rented for 
 the President. 
 
 Ann Allen, who married Richard Penn, (sup. xxxvi.,) was the 
 daughter of Chief-Justice Allen, and granddaughter of Andrew Hamil- 
 ton. Chief- Justice Allen bought the house on the west side of Third, 
 between Willing's Alley and Spruce Street, which had been built by 
 Colonel Byrd, of Westover, Va. The house was afterwards the prop- 
 erty and residence of Chief- Justice Chew.
 
 MRS. DEBORAH LOGAN. 
 
 [The Editor is indebted for this interesting sketch to Mr. Isaac NoRRls, by whom 
 
 it was written.] 
 
 THIS accomplished and highly gifted lady was born of 
 Quaker parents, and educated as a Friend ; and, although 
 consistent in her profession, she was willing to concede to 
 others that right of judgment she claimed for herself She 
 was the only daughter of Charles Norris, and was born October 
 19th, 1761, in the old Norris House, that occupied the site of 
 the present Custom House, on Chestnut Street. Her ancestry 
 embraced some of the leading and distinguished men of the 
 province. Isaac Norris the elder was her grandfather, and Gov- 
 ernor Lloyd her great-grandfather, in the paternal line, and 
 Joseph Parker of Chester, and John Ladd of New Jersey, in 
 the maternal line.^ 
 
 ' [The following account of Mrs. Deborah Logan's paternal ancestry 
 was prepared, by her daughter, the late Mrs. Maria Logan, at the re- 
 quest of the late Mr. J. R. Tyson, from memoranda left by her mother. 
 The first Isaac Norris therein mentioned was the correspondent of James 
 Logan, many of whose letters will be found in this volume. — Editor.] 
 
 " 'My grandfather, Mr. Isaac Norris, senior,' says my mother, Mrs. 
 Deborah Logan, in the account of her family, 'was born July 26th, 1671, 
 in the Isle of Wight, Great Britain; but removed with his parents, when 
 young, to Jamaica, where his mother died, June 3d, 1685. His father, 
 Thomas Norris, being dissatisfied with the West Indies, sent his son to 
 Pennsylvania, in 1690, in order, if he should approve of the country, 
 to make a settlement for the family ; but on his return to Jamaica, in 
 1692, to bring them over, he had the affliction to find that his father 
 and most of the family had perished in the dreadful earthquake which 
 destroyed Port Royal, June 7th, 1692, the vessel, he was in, sailing over 
 the place where his father's house had stood. He then collected the 
 remains of his property, which amounted to but little more than an 
 hundred pounds sterling, and came back to Pennsylvania, wliere it 
 pleased Divine Providence to bless him in an extraordinary manner : 
 
 xli
 
 xHi MRS. DEBORAH LOGAN. 
 
 At the period when she reached maturity of life, Philadelphia, 
 the chief city of the country, was, and long continued to be, the 
 
 he grew rich, and was truly respectable, ever maintaining the fairest 
 character for integrity and honor. He was endowed by nature with 
 excellent abilities, and filled several stations in the Government with 
 great reputation, as speaker of the Assembly, and member of the Coun- 
 cil, Commissioner of Property, and Chief Justice of Pennsylvania, in 
 which last office he was at the time of his decease, June 4th, 1735. 
 He died suddenly of an apoplexy, in the meeting-house at German- 
 town, and was immediately brought to the seat of his friend and neigh- 
 bor, James Logan, where every means were tried for his recovery, but 
 in vain. In 1706, Isaac Norris went, with his wife and eldest daughter, 
 to England, on a visit to their friends; and on their return, my grand- 
 father purchased a large estate in the neighborhood of Philadelphia, 
 where he built a very handsome and commodious house, after the plan 
 of Dolobran in Wales, and called it Fairhill. Here he resided the 
 rest of his life. After his decease, the seat came into the possession 
 of their eldest son, Isaac Norris, who supported, with great credit, the 
 reputation which his father had established. 
 
 " ' My own father was a very amiable, domestic character, of great 
 sweetness of temper and agreeable manners, flowing from their purest 
 source — a benevolent heart. He was exceedingly beloved by his 
 family and friends, and respected and esteemed by his fellow-citizens. 
 His first wife was Margaret Rodman, daughter of Dr. Rodman, of 
 Bucks County, who died of a decline within a year after their mar- 
 riage. He was then building his house in Chestnut Street, which he 
 beautified with a large garden, handsomely laid out, according to the 
 taste of the times, with gravelled walks and parterres of flowers, of 
 which it contained a good collection, with fruits of various kinds, the 
 best I ever saw. His sister* lived with him, and took great pleasure in 
 this department. She had also a green-house, well filled with exotics, 
 and a small hot-house, where her gardener produced excellent pine- 
 apples.' After describing minutely this family mansion, she observes: 
 ' The whole house, with its balconies and piazzas, was in its appear- 
 ance altogether singular, and different from any I ever saw, and in its 
 days of splendor, with its ample plots and garden undiminished, was 
 really a beautiful habitation. It was at that day considered as placed 
 in the western extremity of the city, only two wooden buildings being 
 beyond it, on the same side of the street, above the State House. 
 
 " 'The view from the western part of the house, up stairs, was of 
 pasture lots, bounded by the Proprietor's Woods. 
 
 "'My father lived a widower for about eight years, and in June, 
 1759, married my mother, Mary Parker, daughter of Joseph Parker, 
 Esq., of Chester, Delaware County, Pennsylvania. She was his only 
 child, and heir to his fortune, which was considerable. Their issue 
 were : 
 
 * Deborah Norris.
 
 MRS. DEBORAH LOGAN. xlHi 
 
 centre of attraction for all who visited America. Her mother's 
 house, in a social view one of the agreeable mansions of the 
 
 " ' ist. Isaac, born July i8th, 1760, (died October 6th, 1802.) 
 
 " '2d. Deborah, born October 19th, 1761, (married September 6th, 
 1780, to Dr. George Logan.) 
 
 '' '3d. Joseph Parker, born May 5th, 1763, (married to Elizabeth 
 H. Fox, May 20th, 1790.) 
 
 " ' 4th. Charles, born July 12th, 1765, (married to Eunice Gardner, 
 and died at his house, near Norristown, December 24th, 1812.) 
 
 <* ' Charles Norris, my honored father, died at his house in Chest- 
 nut Street, January 14th, 1766, and was buried on the i6th, in Friends' 
 burial-ground in Arch Street, in the northeast corner, where many of 
 his family were also laid. 
 
 " ' My mother was an excellent woman, and of very good abilities. 
 She had received a much better education than was usually bestowed 
 on daughters when she was young. Her mind was enriched by an 
 acquaintance with the best authors, her memory was uncommonly 
 good, her disposition cheerful, and her conversation instructive and 
 very entertaining. She was solid, prudent, affectionate, and benevo- 
 lent. The manner in which she conducted herself after the decease 
 of her husband, and the very able manner in which she investigated 
 and settled his affairs, secured her the kindest friendship of his family, 
 and the esteem and applause of all who knew her and could judge of 
 the difficulties she had to surmount. 
 
 " ' She died, December 4th, 1799, at her father's house in Chester, 
 where she resided the last eight years of her life, and was buried on 
 the 6th, in Friends' ground in that place, by the side of her father. 
 Her illness was short but not severe, her mind calm, and her exit 
 apparently easy. 
 
 " ' My grandfather, Joseph Parker, came over to this country pretty 
 early in the last century. He had received a good English education. 
 His father possessed a freehold estate in Yorkshire, Great Britain, 
 where he was born ; but the rigor and hard usage of a mother-in-law 
 forced him to emigrate when young; yet he loved his half-brother, 
 her son, and used to please himself with the thought that he left the 
 entail of his father's estate to him, who would be thus benefited by 
 his absence. 
 
 " 'Upon his arrival, he landed at Chester; and Judge Lloyd, who 
 lived there, took him into his office as his secretary. His integrity 
 and good conduct soon made him respected, and he acquired property, 
 not, as it is now, by speculation, and overreaching of others, but by hon- 
 est industry and prudence. He enjoyed afterward many public offices 
 in the country, and was much respected by his fellow-citizens and by 
 the Government. After some years, he married Mary Ladd, the daugh- 
 ter of a respectable family in West Jersey, and received with her a 
 suitable portion. But this happiness did not last long, for she died 
 five days after giving birth to her first child, who was my honored 
 mother.' To her our great-grandfather devoted himself: he never
 
 xliv MRS. DEBORAH LOGAN. 
 
 town, where strangers were invited and were hospitably enter- 
 tained, frequently presented an odd mixture of characters : the 
 
 married again ; and our mother, in her memoir says : * They lived 
 together in a harmony and friendship the most delightful. I have 
 frequently heard her speak of the happiness of her early life : the state 
 of society in which they lived, the sociability, kindness, and good 
 neighborhood that was among them seemed to realize the idea of the 
 golden age. He died at his house in Chester, the 21st of May, 1766, 
 and was buried in Friends' burial-ground belonging to that place.' 
 
 " The above extracts are from manuscripts of our dear mother, writ- 
 ten, as she says, 'for my posterity.' Much more, of an interesting 
 nature to us, is contained in those pages ; but in wishing to give some 
 incidents relative to the family from which she is descended on both 
 sides, I fear that the proper limits may be already exceeded in the 
 detail. 
 
 "How much do I regret that an autobiography of herself is not 
 mine to turn to ! Hers was a life not full of startling events, but a 
 beautiful picture of one who passed through its varied scenes, adorn- 
 ing the precepts she taught by her own bright example. 
 
 " She was, as has been said, the only daughter of her father's sec- 
 ond marriage. Schools were, in that day, very different from the 
 present — few in number, though perhaps bearing a tolerable compar- 
 ison with the then population. To one of these, kept by the excellent 
 Anthony Benezet, our mother was indebted for all her acquirement at 
 school ; and I have heard her frequently say that, full of life and 
 glee, she found, upon leaving that good man's instruction, she had not 
 made the most of her time spent under his care ; though he so entirely 
 appreciated her forming character, even at that early period, that, 
 when on any occasion obliged to vacate his seat as head of the depart- 
 ment, he would call ' Norris ' to take his place, being fully aware that 
 the natural gayety of her disposition, which often was indulged in to 
 the delight of her companions, would at once be set aside for the trust 
 reposed in her. 
 
 " Soon after leaving school, her own fine understanding convinced 
 her that she must enter upon a regular course of home education, which 
 she at once commenced, and pursued with such interest and industry 
 that I have heard her say she gained more in a short time than she had 
 ever done at school. To this decision she was indebted for the love 
 of literature which was afterward so beautifully carried out in her 
 every-day life. 
 
 " I feel that it is not for me to do other than throw together some 
 dates and extracts, which I hope will be useful, should any sketch be 
 given to the public of her whose character is so entirely worthy of a 
 perfect delineation. 
 
 "She was married to Dr. Logan in 1781, when, after spending a 
 few years in Philadelphia, he relinquished his practice as a physician 
 there, and removed to Stenton, which was ever after their place of 
 residence.
 
 MRS. DEBORAH LOGAN. xlv 
 
 plain and honest countryman often met the polished and courtly 
 foreigner. The following anecdote, which we transcribe from 
 
 "All her tastes were for a rural retirement, which she was emi- 
 nently calculated to enjoy; and while everything in her household was 
 arranged and attended to with the most scrupulous exactness, it was 
 her happy faculty to fiiid time for all; and years were added to her 
 valued life by her habit of early rising, and employing the time gained 
 from sleep in the most useful manner. When copying the corre- 
 spondence between William Penn and James Logan, etc., she would 
 not permit that voluminous work to interfere with her daily occupa- 
 tions, but chose the ' early hours ' for her work, when others slept. 
 In one of her poetical effusions, written December 6th, 1814, she 
 apostrophizes the 'Hour of Prime.' I leave to her own graphic pen 
 the picture. ' Recollections, Inscribed to my Husband during a Fit of 
 Sickness,' is a beautiful specimen of her style in poetry, though perhaps 
 too personal for the public. 'A Sonnet, (Retirement,) written some 
 Years since,' is another. 
 
 "I have always regretted that so fine a poetical talent as hers 
 undoubtedly was, should have been so seldom employed. That her 
 muse never left her, we find from those beautiful lines ' Written in Old 
 Age.' 
 
 "As to her productions" in prose, the editorial remarks affixed to the 
 ' Correspondence,' her memoir of her husband, etc., I should suppose, 
 would be sufficient to give a correct impression of her style. The 
 ' Recollections ' exhibit that patriotic zeal which made her enthusiastic 
 in her country's cause: a zeal the growth of a lifetime. An extract 
 from her diary alludes to a momentous period in our history, and 
 evinces the deep interest taken at the early age of 15, which was nearly 
 hers, in its most critical state. The date is July 9th, 1826: 
 
 " 'How a little time spreads the veil of oblivion over the manner 
 of the most important events ! It is now a question of doubt at what 
 hour ox how the Declaration of Independence was given to the people.* 
 
 * [Several different statements have been made as to the place from which, and the 
 person by whom the Declaration of Independence was first read to the people. One 
 writer asserts that it was read from the steps of the tower, another from the south 
 window of the same, another from the front steps of the building. All these accounts 
 are wrong. The accurate Christopher Marshall, who was present on the occasion, 
 sets both these questions at rest. He says, in his " Remembrances," under date of 
 July 8lh, 1776: .... "Warm, sunshine morning. At eleven, went and met [the] 
 Committee of Inspection at [the] Philosophical Hall; went from there in a body to 
 the lodge ; joined the Committee of Safety, (as called ;) went in a body to [the] State 
 House yard, where, in the presence of a great concourse of people, the Declaration 
 of Independency was read by John Nixon. The company declared their approba- 
 tion by three repeated huzzas. The King's arms were taken down in the court- 
 room. State House, [at the] same time. From there, some of us went to B. Armi- 
 tage's tavern ; stayed till one. I went and dined at Paul Fooks's ; lay down there 
 after dinner till five. Then he and the French engineer went with me on the com- 
 mons, where the same was proclaimed at each of the five battalions — Chris- 
 topher MarshaiPs Remembrances, edited by WiLLlAM DUANE, Jr. Philada., 1839. 
 
 This account, it will be seen, is confirmed by Mrs. Logan, who stood, on Fifth Street,
 
 xlvi MRS. DEBORAH LOGAN. 
 
 the " Life of Humphrey Marshall," by the late Dr. Darling- 
 ton, the eminent botanist and naturalist of Chester County, will 
 pleasantly illustrate our statement : 
 
 Perhaps few now remain that heard it read on that day, but of that 
 few I am one. Being in the lot adjoining to our old mansion-house in 
 Chestnut Street, that then extended to Fifth Street, I distinctly heard 
 the words of that instrument read to the people, (I believe, for I did 
 not see the reader,) a low building being on Fifth Street which pre- 
 vented my sight ; and I think it was Charles Thomson's voice. It 
 took place a little after 12 at noon; and they then proceeded down 
 the street, (I understood,) to read it at the Court House. 
 
 " * It was a time of fearful doubt and great anxiety with the people, 
 many of whom were appalled at the boldness of the measure ; and the 
 first audience of the Declaration was neither very numerous nor com- 
 posed of the most respectable class of citizens ; though there is no 
 mistake in saying that the Revolution itself was, (I believe,) in all the 
 States, the work of the best informed and most efficient men ; but then 
 they only looked in general to their resistance to the tyranny of the 
 Government, inducing an abandonment of its obnoxious designs, as 
 had been the case with the Stamp Act. At first, all disclaimed any 
 wish to separate. Affection to the mother country was cherished, as 
 the amor patrice of every American ; but she violently forced us from 
 her side, and compelled us, in self-defence, to break the degrading 
 yoke. I have heard, from a source that I cannot doubt, that Dr. 
 Franklin himself, who had then recently returned from England, was 
 for putting off the Declaration, to gain more time to meet its difficulties.' 
 
 "I am induced to make the above extract, as showing the vivid 
 impressions made upon her at so early a period, when, I think I have 
 
 upon the fence belonging to her father's garden, at a point, of course, to the south 
 of the southern wall of the hall of the American Philosophical Society, hut whose 
 view was obstructed by a frame building, which was probably some structure built 
 on Independence Square. It is also confirmed by John Adams, who was present 
 and heard the Declaration read, and in a letter describes the reading as having taken 
 place from that " aivful platform " — words which had a deep significance, when we 
 consider the perilous position of those who signed the instrument. We recollect 
 having met this letter in the course of an examination, made at the wish of Mr. 
 P. F. Rothermel, who projxjsed "The Reading" as tlie subject for a painting, and 
 afterward gave the world one of the most successful of his works, of which this was 
 the theme. Our own search and that of Mr. Rothermel have failed to recover the 
 printed copy of this letter. 
 
 The "platform" to which we refer was erected at the expense of the American 
 Philosophical Society, for the purpose of observing the transit of Venus, which took 
 place on the 3d of June, 1769 — "a phenomenon seen but twice before by any inhab- 
 itant of our earth, and which could never be seen again by any person then living." 
 
 The late Mr. Thomas Pratt, who died in 1869, at the great age of 95, perfectly 
 remembered this structure ; and in a conversation with the editor, a few weeks before 
 his death, described it to him as a rough wooden stage, which stood on the line of 
 the eastern walk, about midway between Fourth and Fifth Streets. It was used for 
 many years as a place from which speakers were in the practice of addressing popu- 
 lar assemblies. — Editor.]
 
 MRS. DEBORAH LOGAN. xlvii 
 
 " In those days of unaffected hospitality," says the biographer, " it 
 was the custom with country people, when they went to 'town,' to 
 stop, without ceremony, at the houses of their city friends. The resi- 
 dence of Mrs. Norris was usually the city house of Humphrey Marshall, 
 when he visited Philadelphia. It was also a favorite resort of polished 
 society, whether residents or strangers. 
 
 "On one occasion, when a French gentleman of distinction was 
 among the visitors, Humphrey Marshall, in all his old-fashioned plain- 
 ness and simplicity, arrived. Mrs. Norris's daughter Deborah (after- 
 ward the accomplished wife of Dr. George Logan) gracefully received 
 her venerable friend from the country, and with the address of a well- 
 bred lady introduced him to the distinguished stranger, although not 
 without some misgivings from the apparent want of congruity in the 
 parties thus brought together. She was much gratified, however, to 
 observe that they soon became closely engaged in conversation ; and 
 after they separated, the French gentleman, with an air of lively inter- 
 est, inquired : ' Miss Norris, have you many such men as this Mr. 
 Marshall among you ? ' " 
 
 Mrs. Logan possessed a mind no less formed to instruct than 
 to please. Uniting perfect ease with dignity, fascination of 
 manner with refinement of sentiment, it was not a matter of 
 surprise that her society should be sought. 
 
 Her pen did not engross to the exclusion of domestic duties, 
 but she always found time for her literary pursuits as well as 
 household affairs. Truly, indeed, do the charms of accom- 
 plished women shed their lustre upon those with whom they 
 come in contact ! 
 
 Watson, the annalist, who was intimately acquainted with 
 Mrs. Logan, has thus very happily delineated her character ; and 
 in the correctness of the description, all who had the happiness 
 to know her will heartily unite : 
 
 heard her say, that she was mounted on a fence in the lot, to hear more 
 distinctly what she narrates. 
 
 " I refer to her memoir of her husband for her picture in married 
 life. I need not add, as the sketch in question will, I hope, be from 
 one who will be so true to the subject as to produce a whole, from 
 which we should wish nothing taken and nothing added. 
 
 "She died at Stenton, the 2d of February, 1839, and was interred 
 on the 5th, in the family burial-ground there, which was laid out and 
 planted by her own direction. M. D. L. 
 
 " Stenton, September li, 1851."
 
 xlviii MRS. DEBORAH LOGAN. 
 
 " Gentle and modest in her manners, and with a very kind-hearted 
 disposition and liberal mind, she possessed a peculiarly winning grace 
 and ease, strongly expressive of benevolence and polished politeness 
 combined. Her ability to adapt herself to all circumstances and to 
 every occasion of life shone in her actions, with all the grace and 
 purity of Christian love and gentleness ; for she was deeply imbued 
 with the Christian affections and graces. To love such a lovely woman 
 was instinctive in all who approached her. She was the delight of the 
 young, and the beloved of the aged. Rarely, indeed, does it fall to 
 the lot of humanity, in old age, to possess so many points of loveli- 
 ness and goodness worthy to be admired in life and fondly remem- 
 bered in death." 
 
 Mrs. Logan never flattered, but always formed the most favor- 
 able opinion that truth would permit ; and through life exhibited 
 that uniform propriety of conduct and union of those virtues 
 which ought to characterize her sex. 
 
 In 1 78 1, she married Doctor George Logan, a grandson of 
 James Logan, the secretary and confidential friend of William 
 Penn. This marriage proved a very happy one, and gave oppor- 
 tunity to indulge her taste for historical literature, of which 
 she was always remarkably fond. At Stenton, the family seat 
 of the Logans, she found a large mass of valuable papers, relat- 
 ing to the early history of Pennsylvania, in confusion and dis- 
 order. They had been very much neglected, and treated as 
 useless waste-paper, and were piled away in the garrets as worth- 
 less rubbish, the very room they occupied being bestowed 
 reluctantly. She was not, however, to be discouraged by their 
 unpromising appearance, and mouldy, worm-eaten, and tattered 
 condition, nor with the difficulty of deciphering that which 
 appeared at first as unintelligible as Egyptian hieroglyphics. 
 She devoted many years of her life in collecting, arranging, 
 systematizing, and copying these papers. Many thousand pages 
 of original letters relating to the colonial history were neatly 
 copied, with remarks and annotations ; and it may confidently 
 be asserted that no individual now living has an equal knowl- 
 edge of the character of those who founded the colony or figured 
 in its early history. To her industry, perseverance, and zeal 
 are we indebted for many valuable papers that would otherwise, 
 in all probability, have been lost.
 
 MRS. DEBORAH LOGAN. xlix 
 
 Considering the nature of the materials and their perishing 
 condition, her task was neither inviting nor easy; and it has 
 been well executed, as the manuscript volumes in the possession 
 of the Philosophical and Historical Societies attest. It is a mat- 
 ter of great public importance that these papers were rescued 
 and preserved for public benefit. 
 
 One of the chief, if not the most conspicuous of all her char- 
 acters, is James Logan himself; for, after Penn, he was the lead- 
 ing man in the colony. In all its important measures he took 
 a conspicuous part, and exhibited on all occasions an independ- 
 ent spirit, great intelligence, and a steady consistency of char- 
 acter, joined to a warm devotion to the interests of the Penn 
 family throughout. He battled manfully for these interests, and 
 was a zealous defender of their rights on all occasions. When 
 it was necessary to defend the province from the apprehended 
 attacks of a foreign enemy, he renounced the peaceful tenets of 
 his own religious Society, and openly and boldly maintained 
 that defensive war, in contradistinction to aggressive war, was 
 justifiable. When the severity with which he enforced the pay- 
 ment of the quit-rents of the proprietary, and his resistance to 
 the aggression on the rights of Penn, brought him into col- 
 lision with the Assembly, who, at the instance of David Lloyd, 
 impeached him, he skilfully turned on that body, and retorted 
 that the attack on himself, as an humble individual, was only a 
 feint to the real attack on Penn, his master. Emboldened by the 
 success of his defence, he now determined to retaliate, and fear- 
 lessly attacked Lloyd himself, who was not only the speaker 
 of the Assembly, but the great leader of the popular party in 
 the Quaker interest, which clamored so violently. 
 
 As Mrs. Logan lived during the period of our war for inde- 
 pendence, she always retained a strong impression of its stir- 
 ring events. The writer has often heard her recount, with great 
 pleasure and emphasis, many of the soul-stirring scenes and 
 personal incidents of the war; and she loved to dwell, with 
 extreme delight, upon the memory of the times when our ances- 
 
 VOL. I. — D
 
 1 MRS. DEBORAH LOGAN. 
 
 tors buckled on their armor with chivalric alacrity, to defend 
 the rights and liberties of their country. 
 
 She possessed also very considerable poetic talent, which 
 was exhibited in many verses that she wrote. Several of these 
 were published in the "National Gazette," whose learned and 
 accomplished editor, Mr. Walsh, speakijig of some of her poetry, 
 says : " To the expression of our satisfaction with her muse, we 
 add the tribute of admiration due to a strength of intellect, a 
 copiousness of knowledge, an habitual dignity of thought and 
 manner, and a natural justness and refinement of sentiment." 
 
 In the department of our colonial history, Mrs. Logan has 
 obtained just celebrity, and has established a reputation that 
 time will strengthen and confirm. She has won for herself a 
 high fame, as one of the most gifted, pious, and exemplary 
 ladies of her age, and has left a memory which is dear to all 
 who had the pleasure to know her personally. 
 
 Her husband. Dr. George Logan, died April 9th, 1821. She 
 survived him many years, and died, February 2d, 1839, at Stenton. 
 
 TO THE MEMORY 
 
 Of my beloved and honored Grandmother, 
 
 DEBORAH LOGAN. 
 
 Obiit 2d-mo. 2d, 1839. 
 
 ' But yesterday, and thou wert bright 
 
 As rays that fringe the morning cloud ; 
 Now lost to life, and love, and light, 
 
 "Wrapt in the winding-sheet and shroud ; 
 And darkly o'er thee broods the pall, 
 
 While faint and low thy dirge is sung; 
 And wami dnd fast around thee fall 
 
 Tears of the beautiful and young." 
 
 Oh for a lyre whose heavenly tone 
 
 Might breathe a music like thine own ! 
 
 And for a voice like thine, to fling 
 
 Its inspiration o'er the string! 
 
 But thine has caught a holier strain, 
 
 And wakes no more for earth again ! 
 
 And that loved voice has joined to raise, 
 
 Thro' heaven's high dome, the song of praise ;
 
 MRS. DEBORAH LOGAN. H 
 
 Hast found, in that refulgent light, 
 New glories beam upon thy sight; 
 And, bursting on thy ravished ear. 
 The strains whose echo met thee here , 
 Unfolding to thy cloudless eye 
 The hidden wonders of the sky, 
 And to thy deep, expansive soul, 
 The power to comprehend the whole. 
 
 But say, from that bright world of bliss, 
 If still some thought awakes for this ? 
 If still, in heaven, thy soul can own 
 The ties which earth had round thee thrown 
 For those whose severed spirits still 
 Must feel a vacuum none can fill — 
 For those who tread thy echoing hall, 
 And list, in vain, thy footsteps' fall ? 
 
 For those who dwell where thou hast dwelt — 
 For those who kneel where thou hast knelt — 
 For those whose every glance can see 
 Something that wakes the thought of thee ? 
 Thy hearth, thy board, thy vacant chair. 
 Of thee the loved memorials are ! 
 And not a chord our spirits own 
 But wakes for thee its deepest tone ! 
 
 Oh ! who that saw thy parting here, 
 Would shed for tJtee the anguished tear ? 
 Who saw thy heaven-directed eye. 
 Would keep thee longer from the sky ? 
 Life's golden sands for thee were run ! 
 The fight -was fottght, the victory won ! 
 The richest draught 't was thine to drain, 
 And give the glory whence it came ! 
 
 Farewell, farewell ! — in heaven, again 
 
 May reunite the severed chain ! 
 
 But never more on earth can shine 
 
 A love for us so deep as thine ! 
 
 Dearest and honored one, thy name 
 
 With lustre gilds the scroll of fame ! 
 
 But brighter than its meteor ray 
 
 The path thou trod to endless day ! 
 
 M. N. L. 
 Stonton, 8th-mo. 5th, 1839.
 
 JAMES LOGAN.^ 
 
 JAMES LOGAN, whose services to the public and to Wil- 
 liam Penn, the illustrious founder of Pennsylvania, were 
 so many and so important, was born at Lurgan, in Ireland, the 
 20th of the 8th mo., 1674. His family were originally from 
 Scotland, and were very opulent until the Crown seized the 
 estates, alleging that Sir Robert Logan was implicated in the 
 conspiracy of the Earls of Gowrie. His father, Patrick Logan, 
 had received a university education, being designed for the 
 Church, but becoming convinced of the religious principles of 
 the people called " Quakers," he relinquished his profession, and 
 went over to Ireland with his wife, where he settled and edu- 
 cated his children. The abilities of this son must have been 
 early apparent, for he speaks of having attained the Latin, 
 Greek, and some Hebrew before he was thirteen years of age; 
 and also that, in his sixteenth year, having met with a book of 
 the Leybourns^ on mathematics, he made himself master of that 
 science, without any manner of instruction. He had been put 
 apprentice to a considerable linen-draper, in London; but the 
 Prince of Orange landing, and the war in Ireland coming on, 
 before he was bound, he was returned to his parents, and went 
 over with them, first to Edinburgh, and then to London and 
 Bristol. Here, he says, while employed in instructing others, 
 he improved himself in the Greek and Hebrew: he also learned 
 French and Italian, with some Spanish ; and he notices that he 
 went three months to a French master to learn the pronuncia- 
 
 ^ [Mrs. Logan has entitled this paper, " Some account of the Honor- 
 able James Logan, originally written for these selections in 181 4." — 
 Editor.] 
 
 *I suppose this to be a small volume entitled " Ludtis Mathema- 
 ticus," by E. W., printed by R. & W. Leybourn, mdcliv. — L. 
 
 Ui
 
 JAMES LOGAN. 
 
 liii 
 
 tion, without which he was sensible he should never be able 
 to speak it ; and this, he says, was the only money he ever paid 
 for instruction; for though he had his course of "Humanity," 
 as it is called, from his father, yet he could safely say that he 
 never gave him the least instruction whatsoever more than he 
 gave to his other pupils. In 1698 he had a prospect of engag- 
 ing in a trade between Dublin and Bristol, and had commenced 
 it with a good prospect of success, when, in the spring of 1699, 
 William Penn made proposals to him to accompany him to 
 Pennsylvania as his secretary. He submitted this offer to 
 the consideration of his friends, who disagreed in their judg- 
 ment: himself decided in its favor, and, accordingly, sailed with 
 William Penn, September 3d, 1699, in the Canterbury, Fryers 
 master. Their voyage was prosperous, and they arrived in 
 Philadelphia the beginning of the loth-mo. (December) fol- 
 lowing. 
 
 The then adverse state of his affairs caused the stay of the 
 Proprietor to be but short ; for in less than two years he returned 
 to England, leaving his secretary invested with many important 
 offices, which he discharged with singular fidelity and judgment. 
 He was Secretary of the Province, Commissioner of Property, 
 for some time President of the Council, and afterward Chief 
 Justice of Pennsylvania. 
 
 Notwithstanding his life was thus devoted to business, he 
 found time to cultivate his love of science, and at length was 
 permitted to enjoy the treasures of knowledge which he had 
 acquired, in a truly dignified retirement, at his seat of Stenton, 
 near Germantown. He corresponded with the literati in various 
 parts of Europe, and received at his house all strangers of dis- 
 tinction or repute who visited Pennsylvania. He was also the 
 patron of ingenious men, and constantly exerted himself to 
 procure for merit its well-earned meed. Dr. Franklin expe- 
 rienced his protection and friendship ; and it was to him that 
 Thomas Godfrey ^ first imparted his ideas of the celebrated 
 
 ^ Godfrey was by trade a painter and glazier, and employed in his 
 business at Stenton, when, by accidentally observing a piece of fallen 
 glass, an idea presented itself to his reflecting mind, (perhaps long 
 before occupied on such subjects.) He left his scaffold, and, going
 
 llV JAMES LOGAN. 
 
 quadrant, which ought to bear his name instead of that of Had- 
 ley. The instrument was submitted to the inspection of James 
 Logan, who procured it to be taken to sea ; and finding its use- 
 fulness, greatly exerted himself, though without effect, to have 
 the merit of the invention and its promised reward secured to 
 its real author. 
 
 The confidence which William Penn reposed in the abilities 
 and integrity of his secretary is abundantly evinced in his letters 
 to him. Fidelity, integrity, and disinterestedness were emi- 
 nently conspicuous in his character, which was indeed of that 
 sterling worth that needs no meretricious ornament. 
 
 The aborigines, whose concerns were consigned to his care 
 by William Penn, paid an affecting tribute to his worth, when in 
 his advanced age they entreated his attendance on their behalf 
 at a treaty held at Philadelphia, in 1742, where they publicly 
 testified by their chief, Cannassatego, their satisfaction for his 
 services and sense of his worth ; calling"him a wise and good man, 
 and expressing their hope that when his soul ascended to God. 
 one just like him might be found for the good of the province 
 and their benefit.^ 
 
 Besides his published works, there is an Essay on Moral Phi- 
 losophy, still extant in manuscript, and letters on a variety of 
 subjects, which show the deep research of which the mind of 
 this great man was capable ; and it is pleasing to reflect that, 
 
 into the library, took down a volume of Newton. James Logan enter- 
 ing at this time, and seeing the book in his hand, inquired into the 
 motive of his search. He was exceedingly pleased with Godfrey's 
 ingenuity, and from that time became his zealous friend. He procured 
 a skilful person to try the quadrant at sea; and finding it to answer 
 their most sanguine expectations, endeavored, by writing to his friends 
 in England, and to Sir Hans Sloan, then President of the Royal 
 Society, to get the reward offered by that institution secured to God- 
 frey, in opposition to Hadley, who, it was supposed, had obtained a 
 description of the instrument from his nephew, who, it was recollected, 
 had seen it in the West Indies, where it had been taken for further 
 trial, and had been shown, with exultation, by the captain, to some 
 captains of the navy and other gentlemen there. Such is the tradition 
 in his family. James Logan asserts, in a letter to one of his friends, 
 that Godfrey's discovery was two years prior to Hadley's. — L. 
 
 ^ He often had the Indians for his guests at Stenton, three or four 
 hundred of them at a time, for several weeks.
 
 JAMES LOGAN. Iv 
 
 although he suffered more than the usual infirmities of age, 
 (having injured himself severely by a fall, some years before,) 
 yet his mind was sustained in undiminished strength. He was 
 eminently happy in domestic life, his wife being a most amiable 
 lady, and his children dutiful and affectionate. After a retire- 
 ment of several years from public business, he finished his useful 
 and active life at his seat at Stenton, October 31st, 175 i, having 
 just entered into the 77th year of his age. 
 
 He left the valuable library which bears his name, a legacy to 
 the public — such at least was his intention, and his children 
 after his death fulfilled the bequest.
 
 INTRODUCTORY REMARKS. 
 
 BY MRS. LOGAN. 
 
 THE affairs of Europe, about the time of the commencement of this 
 correspondence, were far from being in a state of tranquillity ; to- 
 ward the latter part of King William's reign, he was made extremely un- 
 easy by the prosecution of some of his ministers and particular favorites, 
 of which, perhaps the Earl of Portland was chief. Lord Somers, after- 
 ward the Chancellor, the Earl of Oxford, Treasurer of the Navy, and the 
 Earl of Halifax, were ail impeached, to the King's great vexation. In 
 France, Louis XIV. were taking vast strides toward universal monarchy, 
 and plots and intrigue was busy for the restoration of James the Second 
 to the crown of England. The Republic of Holland had acknowl- 
 edged the Duke of Anjou as King of Spain, and the tempest of war 
 seemed ready to burst over Europe. America now appeared as a sure 
 and safe asylum from these troubles, as well as from the intolerance of 
 religious persecution ; yet it will appear from these letters that they had 
 their difficulties and vexations to contend with, a thing I believe insep- 
 erable from human affairs in any age or nation. 
 
 The first settlement of Pennsylvania, notwithstanding these feuds, has 
 always conveyed to my mind the idea of another Golden Age. 
 
 A short time previous to the arrival of William Penn, in 1699, the 
 city of Philadelphia had been visited by that dreadful calamity the 
 yellow fever, which carried off a great many of the inhabitants. The 
 following extract of a letter from Isaac Norris, sent to his friend Jona- 
 than Dickinson, in Jamaica, is inserted here, as giving some account of 
 their situation at that tirae.^ **In my last I advised something of it 
 being sickly here, which affliction it has pleased the Almighty and All- 
 wise God still to continue very sorely upon us, which causes many to bow 
 before him. There is not a day nor a night has passed for several weeks 
 but we have the account of the death or sickness of some friend or 
 neighbor. It hath been sometimes very sickly, but I never before 
 knew it so mortal as now." 
 
 ' ' About ten days ago, there was reckoned nine persons lay dead at 
 
 1 Leed's Almanac, printed by Wm. Bradford at New York, in 1694, has the fol- 
 lowing note among the memorabilia for October: "'Tis now eleven years since 
 Andrew Griscom built the first (brick) house in Philadelphia. Charles Thomson, 
 Esq , now living, says he was one of a committee appointed to number them, when 
 they amounted to fifteen hundred." — L. 
 
 Ivii
 
 Iviii INTRODUCTORY REMARKS. 
 
 the same time, and I think seven or eight this day lay dead together. 
 I cannot reckon at this juncture all to thee : my last advised of several 
 of our friends. The last then interred was Abraham Hardiman ; ' since 
 which we have buried of our friends, Hester Hoskins, George Fox, 
 Thomas and Sarah Smith, and their son Nathaniel Harden, William 
 AUoway, John Lephton, Deborah and Nathaniel Dean, William Trot- 
 ter, Robert Jones, wife, son, Daniel Smith, Stephen Colman, and 
 many others, among whom is Matthew Pidgeon, Ann Coxe, Thomas 
 Jobson, Hugh Hall, William Douglass, wife, both buried to-day, 
 Edward Robeson, and Daniel Cook, and wife, with many others." 
 
 "Thomas Clayton, minister of the Church of England, died at Sas- 
 safras, in Maryland, and here is another from London in his room, 
 happened to come very opportunely." 
 
 "Aaron Atkins lays ill, but, we hope, on recovery, though very few 
 recover. Thomas Rich, and my ingenious Robert Tate, I think will 
 hardly either live till morning — our dear friends Thomas Duckett 
 with wife and daughter all ill — so is Elizabeth Martin, Richard Gove, 
 and wife, William Hanwood, Mary Grey, and several others. James 
 Dilworth died on 7th-day last." 
 
 "Roger Gill, Thomas Story, and Samuel Jennings, all came to Bur- 
 lington from the eastward, last yth-day; and poor Roger, hearing of 
 our deep affliction, could not be easy until he saw us, was yesterday 
 and this day (being a youth's meeting) here, and the Lord was with us 
 very sweetly and powerfully; and this sweetens all, that we feel the 
 Almighty still near us, to our souls' comfort in our meetings, if we truly 
 and humbly seek his face. I must say, it has been, and is, my great 
 comfort under all." 
 
 "All business and trade down." (Dated Philadelphia, nth yth-mo., 
 1699.) 
 
 A postscript to the letter says: " This is quite the Barbadoes distem- 
 per; they void and vomit blood." 
 
 " This has been, about harvest time, the hottest summer I ever felt: 
 several died in the field with the violence of the heat — the harvest 
 generally well got in." — I. N. 
 
 Some further extracts respecting the state of things in Philadelphia 
 about that time : 
 
 "We have four men in prison, taken up as pirates, supposed to be 
 
 1 His daughter, Deborah Claypoole, lived to a great age. I have seen and con- 
 versed with her in my early youth, who could remember the city when trees and 
 bushes were yet remaining uncleared in Market and Front Streets, at the corner where 
 the Old Cofiee House stood. She was upward of 90 when she died. — L.
 
 INTRODUCTORV REMARKS. lix 
 
 Kidd's men. Shelley, of York, has brought to these parts some scores 
 of them ; and there is sharp looking out to take them. We have 
 various reports of their riches, and money hid between this and the 
 Capes. There was landed about twenty men, as we understand, at 
 each cape, and several gone to York. 
 
 A sloop has been seen cruising off the capes for a considerable time, 
 but has not meddled with any vessel as yet, though she has spoke with 
 several." 
 
 24/// dth-nw., 1699. 
 
 "This day arrived the Britannia from Liverpool with passengers. 
 She brought out about 200, but being 13 weeks at sea, has lost about 
 50, and many now very sick and weak. Our dear friend Thomas 
 Murgrave died about a fortnight ago : his poor disconsolate widow and 
 her four children are left on shore at Elsinborough." ' 
 
 A price current is annexed, which says : "Muscovado sugar at 65 j-. to 
 70, and now scarce, tho' you know a little serves this place, when 'tis 
 too dear to ship off again." 
 
 Philadelphia, 15/// Xbr., 1699. 
 
 "Last first-day our proprietor arrived with his wife and family, all 
 well. He is hearty and hale, received with much joy by the major and 
 better part of the inhabitants." 
 
 "The same day arrived Captain Cooper, with 120 passengers, from 
 Bristol, all welL" 
 
 " We have had this year 7 ships from England, some of them 300 
 tuns." 
 
 Same date. 
 
 Speaking of the sale of some merchandise which he hoped would 
 be better effected "when this great cry of extreme plenty would be 
 over, for we never had such a quantity of goods in one year since I 
 knew the country." 
 
 " Our place through great mercy very healthy again, and an extra- 
 ordinary moderate and open fall." Isaac Norris. 
 
 * [So called after the Swedish fort " Elsinboro'," which stood at or near the mouth 
 of Salem Creek, N. J. — Editor.]
 
 Penn and Logan Correspondence. 
 
 Copy of a Petition from Conodahto, King of the Susque- 
 hanna OR Conostogo Indians, and of Mecallona, King of 
 THE Shawnees, against Sylvester Garland, Jonas Askin, 
 and James Reed.^ 
 
 To the Right Honorable William Penn, Proprietor and Governor of 
 the Province and Territories of Pennsylvania, the humble petition 
 of Conodahto, Kijig of the Susquehanna Indians, and Mecallona, 
 King of the Gavino Indians, in behalf of themselves and their 
 people, humbly showeth : 
 
 THAT, last fall, four strange Indians came, from the north- 
 ward, amongst them ; and which they did suppose, from 
 their clothing, to have been servants to some Christians ; and the 
 said Mecallona, coming to discourse with them, found one woman, 
 with her son, to be nearly related to the King of the Naked 
 
 ^ [It does not appear what action was had upon this petition. The 
 Colonial Records do not mention the name of Reed or Askin. This 
 distinction is reserved for Sylvester Garland. He was from Newcastle, 
 and, at a time subsequent to the date of this petition, (in September, 
 1 701,) was arrested, and brought before the Council, upon the com- 
 plaint of another chief of the Shawnees, for having brought to the 
 settlement several anchors of rum; and, pretending, as before, "that 
 he was sent by Penn, he gave one cask as a present from the governor, 
 upon which, being entreated to drink, they were afterwards much 
 abused." Garland was discharged, upon giving his bond that he 
 would "neither sell or barter any strong liquor to the Indians at any 
 Indian town or other place in the woods." The prevention of the 
 abuse of this traffic was one of the earliest subjects of provincial legis- 
 lation ; and then and since, and here as elsewhere, the most prolific 
 source of difficulty with the unfortunate race. — Editor.]
 
 2 PENN AND LOGAN [17OO. 
 
 Indians, and he took her home to his house, and kindly enter- 
 tained her and her son, intending, with the first opportunity, to 
 redeem her from her master, and return her and her child safe 
 to her relations, hoping thereby to settle a lasting peace with 
 the said Naked Indians, which might have been of great im- 
 portance to the petitioners, as well as the inhabitants of this 
 government, they being a powerful nation ; and hath often 
 molested these petitioners, as well in their towns at Susque- 
 hanna, as in their hunting-quarters — these petitioners being 
 the frontier inhabitants of this government. Now, so it is, that, 
 last winter, came Sylvester Garland and Jonas Askin to the 
 petitioners, and produced a paper with a large seal, and pre- 
 tended it was a warrant from the governor, for to require them 
 to deliver the said Indians ; but Mecallona, one of these peti- 
 tioners, not believing the same to be true, refused to deliver the 
 said Indians. Nevertheless, the said Garland and Askin, about ten 
 days after, came again, along with James Reed, and then pro- 
 duced another paper with a large seal, and again demanded the 
 said Indians in "the governor's name, and affirmed that the said 
 Reed was the next man to the governor ; and, to confirm the 
 same, the said Reed put off his wig, and said : " You may see, 
 by this, I am a great man, for that I have two heads." Never- 
 theless, one of the petitioners, Mecallona, did not believe them, 
 nor give credit to their words, still believing all that they said 
 to be false pretences, and all for the love of gain, and still refus- 
 ing to deliver up the said Indians, for the same reasons. Where- 
 upon, the said Sylvester, Reed, and Askin threatened the said 
 petitioners that they would return, and come again with six 
 hundred men, and cut off these petitioners, with all their families, 
 for that they had refused to obey the governor's order, and the 
 demand of him by Reed, his second man in the government, 
 which put this petitioner, Mecallona, in such fear that he deliv- 
 ered up to them the Indians that were with him. 
 
 Conodahto, King of the Susquehanna Indians, complains that, 
 he and all his men being abroad, Sylvester Garland came to his 
 town, and demanded the two Indians that were in his custody, 
 and said they were his servants ; but the women answering him 
 that they did not believe him, and for that reason would not
 
 I700.] CORRESPONDENCE. 3 
 
 deliver them, the said Sylvester threatened that he would bring 
 forty men, and carry them all away, and make servants of them 
 all ; then, riding away in great fury, two of the Indian dogs 
 followed him, which dogs he shot dead, upon the place, with 
 pistols, to the great terror of the women ; and, about ten days 
 after, returned with James Reed, and said that man was their 
 master, which he, the said Reed, affirmed, and said he had paid 
 much money for them, and laid down several match-coats, which 
 he said he would give them for taking them up ; but the women, 
 not believing that the said Reed was their true master, refused 
 to deliver them, and conveyed the woman away; whereupon, 
 the said Garland laid hold on one of the chief of the women 
 with violent hands, and threatened to carry her away and make 
 her a servant, which, being put in great fear, she was forced to 
 do, although they had great cause to believe she did not belong 
 to them ; all which deportment and threatenings hath put these 
 petitioners and their people into such fear that, ever since, they 
 have been wholly unsettled, and have not made, to this day, any 
 preparation for planting their corn, but have continued in a mov- 
 ing posture, in fear of being cut off, and that without any just 
 cause given by them. But, having been faithfully informed of 
 the governor's love, good will, and favor, towards the rest of 
 the inhabitants of this government, as well Indians as Christians, 
 have reason to hope to receive at least an equal share of favor 
 and protection under him as the rest of our brethren ; and, with 
 that confidence, pray that it may please the governor to accept 
 of us as his true friends, and afford us future relief and protec- 
 tion, as true subjects and faithful friends may reasonably expect 
 from so honorable and virtuous a governor as thy actions hath 
 hitherto proclaimed thee, and therein shall forever command us. 
 Thy true servants, and faithful friends, 
 
 CoNODAHTO, X his X mark. 
 The mark *^* of *^* Mecallona. 
 
 Dated at Brandywine, 
 ist id-mo., 1700.
 
 4 PENN AND LOGAN [17OO. 
 
 Isaac Norris to Philip Ford.' 
 
 13/// ^th-m>., 1700. 
 Our assembly, after a monthly sitting and hot 
 debate, broke up, and did little more than deliver up and vote 
 out the charter. A bill was prepared to give our governor three 
 pounds tax, but opposed and voted out — I think, very un- 
 handsomely. They have given him, indeed, an impost upon 
 liquors, which some of them magnify to ;^IC)00 per annum, 
 because they would seem to come off with flying colors ; but I 
 do not think it worth one half the money. Experience will 
 show. 
 
 William Penn- to James Logan. 
 
 Pennsbury,'^ 23</5//^-;«^., 1700. 
 I have thine with another. I am concerned my leg is so little 
 encouraging for a journey, and John is not here to mow; how- 
 
 > [From the Norris MSS. — Editor.] 
 
 '■^ [Pennsbury House was built, in the manor of that name, upon a 
 bend of the River Delaware, and about eight miles northeast of Bristol, 
 Bucks County, being the easternmost point of Pennsylvania. The land 
 was of excellent quality, and the situation exceedingly pleasant. The 
 house was standing since my memory, and some of the old furniture 
 in it, though in a very neglected and decayed condition. For a long 
 time, an apartment was kept there for the agent of the family when lie 
 visited the estate, and he described the beds and linen as having been 
 excellent. When I was a child, I remember going with my mother to 
 visit one of her friends who had made a pilgrimage to Pennsbury, and 
 had brought away, as a relic, a piece of the old bed-spread from the 
 house, which was then standing. It was of holland, and closely 
 wrought with the needle, in a small pattern, with green silk, and was 
 said to have been the work of William Penn's daughter, Letitia. Some 
 years afterwards, during the Revolutionary War, a person of my ac- 
 quaintance was there when the house had fallen in, and was in ruins, a 
 hedge pear-tree growing among them. I have since seen the situation, 
 but nothing of the mansion remained, the materials having been taken 
 away; an old malt-house and some other out-buildings still remained ; 
 also an avenue of walnut-trees, planted along the road. There are 
 beautiful islands in the river, which here makes a considerable bend. 
 I thought the situation very agreeable. The mansion was represented 
 as having been large and handsome for the time in which it was built ; 
 the frames and other work were brought from England. The roof 
 was of lead, and probably supplied a leaden cistern ; from which cir-
 
 I700.] CORRESPONDENCE. 5 
 
 ever, I purpose to be in town, if I can, to-morrow ; if not able 
 to be there by 5, afternoon, must submit to Providence, and 
 desire 4 of the Council, the collector, and minutes and wit- 
 nesses to come hither, which they may do by my barge, which 
 I will send to Burlington for them, where they may come in a 
 Burlington boat to-morrow by 12, and be here by two. How- 
 ever, let John have the coach ready, and horses to put in it, that, 
 if I come, I may be helped home. I accept of Ann P.'s care 
 and love. Salute me to the commissioners, and council, and 
 friends. We are else well, and pleased in our retreat. I took 
 sal. viirabl. to-day and yesterday. Vale. W. P. 
 
 Half the five gallons of rum ran out, at Philadelphia, in the 
 boat, as they say. If I am not with you to-morrow, by eleven 
 or five, let the Indians come hither ; but send, in the boat, white 
 bread, more rum, the match-coats. Let the council adjourn to 
 this place. If I come not, here will be victuals, and they may 
 lie at Burlington. I wrote part of this upon the bed. 
 
 Hannah Penn to James Logan.^ 
 
 Philadelphia, 2d dth-mo., 1700. 
 Thou wilt by this time have mine of yesternight, and although 
 John tells my husband of bricks prepared by I. Redman, yet he 
 
 cumstance, doubtless, arose the tradition, which I remember to have 
 heard, that there was a fish-pond at the top of the house. The garden 
 was large, and laid out with parterres and good fruit-trees. — L. 
 
 ' [This letter is one of a series from the wife of the Proprietary, which 
 treats of domestic concerns, and which Mrs. Logan has seen fit to ad- 
 mit into the collection. Although some of the matters mentioned 
 may at first glance appear trivial, yet the reader, we think, will upon 
 reflection agree with Mrs. Logan in her opinion expressed in a subse- 
 quent note, where she resents the criticism of a friend who thought 
 some of the topics named too homely for publication. 
 
 The correspondence presents an interesting picture of the times, and 
 of the daily cares and duties incident to a life, one hundred and seventy 
 years ago, in a comparative wilderness. 
 
 Penn was deeply attached to his first wife, and never ceased to 
 cherish her memory. No choice could therefore have been happier 
 than when for a second marriage he selected Hannah, the daughter of 
 Thomas Callowhill. Gentle, practical, sensible, sagacious, and af- 
 fectionate, she trained her children with tenderness and wisdom, and
 
 6 PENN AND LOGAN [17OO. 
 
 inclines to let E. James finish the room which his men have 
 begun, by which time he will have worked up the stuff already 
 here, and may be dismissed with less exception, so that I. Red- 
 man's son may come back with my husband, time enough for 
 the work that remains to be done, and by that time he may get 
 lime also; as for bricks, let him get no more than he has already 
 bespoke, for my husband is informed he may have these of a 
 new maker at Burlington, a crown a thousand cheaper, and as 
 much better, besides less charge in bringing. We are much con- 
 cerned that John has forgot Lucy ; pray let Jane Streeter take 
 care of her. 
 
 There is a gallon of linseed oil more wanting, and three of 
 grain oil, which it seems will serve to use without doors ; my 
 husband says he has it of his own. We are concerned to hear 
 thou art not well — would have thee to take care of thyself 
 
 Send the deal boards without fail from John Parson's, to 
 Samuel Jennings at Burlington. Nothing else at present from 
 thy friend, H. Penn. 
 
 Superscribed to James Logan, Secretary to the Governor of 
 Pennsylvania, Philadelphia. 
 
 Hannah Penn to James Logan. 
 
 My husband's dissatisfaction with E. James is, that he 's too 
 much a gentleman, for he told Wm. Corker, with great dis- 
 pleasure, that he admired at his choice in bringing such an one, 
 that must have two servants to such a job of work ; that one 
 good workman had been sufficient, and would have finished all 
 there is, with half the charge that he has already put him to ; 
 he is astonished at his desire of ten pounds in part, having had 
 eight pounds before, and the whole work, bricks and all, seem 
 not worth so much ; he 's ready to forbid his coming. again, but 
 yet, since his man by his order has begun in my husband's 
 absence to take away the ground joining of the out-house, 
 
 when in his declining years the mind of her husband was darkened 
 by a cloud nevea- to be dispelled, assumed the entire charge of his 
 public and private affairs. — Editor.]
 
 I/OO.] CORRESPONDENCE. 7 
 
 which we much want to have done, my husband would have him 
 come on second-day without fail, because he intends to go hence 
 again third morning. 
 
 We expect John Sotcher^ to-morrow: if he brings Lucy, 't is 
 well; if not, let her be kindly used till my husband's return, 
 which he intends on second-day or third morning; but if thou 
 hear of any demur, or that the Indians are not like to be there 
 third-day, send an express hither on second-day, and pray send 
 by the first boat the deal boards from John Parsons, and our 
 dog-wheel,^ not else; but desire thou wilt let me hear of all 
 opportunities for England, and of any considerable news thence; 
 which will be kindly taken by thy 
 
 Lo: friend, Hannah Penn. 
 
 We are all indifferent well. Let not Jack^ go till the 
 Indians have been there; and get indian meal for mush against 
 they come. Pray send a pound or two of chocolate, if to be had. 
 
 Pennsbury, 2d6th-f?w., 1700. 
 
 William Penn to James Logan. 
 
 Pennsbury, 6th 'jfh-mo., 1700. 
 James : — I have, and my wife, thine ; and meeting them five 
 miles from this place, returned. I only repent my return for 
 W. Clark's sake, and partly that I missed T. Fairman: the first I 
 would see and authorize to receive my rents, and bills for what 
 cannot be had, for Kent and Sussex ; and T. Fairman, for that I 
 hear an Indian township called Tohickon,* rich land, and much 
 cleared by the Indians, he has not surveyed to mine and chil- 
 dren's tract, as I expected. It joins upon the back of my manor 
 of Highlands, and I am sorry my surveyor-general did not in- 
 
 * Served the proprietor in many capacities, and was afterward left in 
 the care of Pennsbury. He was a faithful servant and a respectable 
 man. In 1722, he was chosen to represent the county of Bucks in the 
 Assembly of the Province. — L. 
 
 ^ A wheel in a box, to roast meat ; a turnspit dog performed the 
 office. — L. 
 
 *The cook, as I suppose, who would be much wanted for such 
 visitors. ^ — L. 
 
 ' [In the county of Bucks. — Editor.]
 
 8 PENNANDLOGAN [17OO. 
 
 form me thereof, for which cause he shall never survey a foot 
 more ; but I will know where and what, by him or his deputies. 
 I feared a surprise, told him so, and now find it to my great 
 dissatisfaction ; but for the future shall prevent it. If it be not 
 in thy warrants, put it in, except lands already or formerly taken 
 up, or an Indian township. The Indians have been with me 
 about it. 
 
 Next, pray speak for 3000 or 4 of bricks, and tell I. Parsons 
 I expect his 150 foot of boards three months sooner, and pay 
 for them. Also a load or 30 bushels of lime, and let them be 
 ready by 6th night if possible, to be here by the flat on 7th 
 day, or 2d day, and two of my folks shall come in the little boat 
 to bring it up. One of the boys of Ed. James has left him, 
 the best ; so the charge is not so great, and he will work up 
 his stuff to-night or to-morrow, and I then think to dismiss 
 him. I. Redson may come up, if the flat brings up brick and 
 lime, 2d or 3d day at furthest. 
 
 Fail not to send up a flitch of our bacon, and by all means 
 chocolate, if to be had, and a cask of middling flour, from Samuel 
 Carpenter or I. Norris, and some coffee-berries,* four lbs. Some 
 flat and some deep earthen pans for milk and baking, which 
 Betty Webb can help thee to, and cask of Indian meal ; search 
 Lumbey's goods, search for an ordinary side-saddle and pillion, 
 and some coarse linen for towels. 
 
 We are as well as the heat will let us, but my leg still out 
 of order and swelled still about my ankle. 
 
 I shall be glad to see William Clark ; but for fear not, shall 
 send by the boat an order, or letter, or commission to that effect. 
 
 I could be glad twenty boards more might be had to come 
 with the flat ; if not so dry, forty green rather than none. 
 
 * A great rarity at that time, though now in such general use ; it 
 was then all brought from Arabia. Witsen, Governor of Batavia, pro- 
 cured seed from Mocha, and raised plants from them in 1690; and in 
 1 714, the magistrates of Amsterdam sent Louis XIV. the present of a 
 plant with flowers and fruit, in a curious machine covered with glass ; 
 and in 1714, the Dutch colony at Surinam first began to plant coffee;* 
 the French in Martinico not till 1727. — L. 
 
 * [It is said to have been first used in England in 1652, and in France in 
 1699. See EncyclopiEdia Americana. — Editor.]
 
 I700.] CORRESPONDENCE. 9 
 
 Pray examine closely about those that fired upon the Indians, 
 and frighted them by Dan. Pegg's,' it is of moment to us, and 
 if true, roguishly designed, I doubt not, and shall be severely 
 punished. 
 
 Send six ounces of oil of turpentine, unless dear; then, three. 
 
 Captain Hans stays: we have adjusted the matter. Encourage 
 Helcoquean, and give him ten bits to fetch down the Indians, 
 if they desire; else not, assure them of friendship. Vale. 
 
 W. P. 
 
 I had Governor Guy's obliging letter. 
 
 I have sent W. Clark's order about accounting with Kent and 
 Sussex as to what rents are payable, to receive what is due in 
 good coin or bills, which give him for that purpose. 
 
 Let us have four dozen of square hearth tiles, with the rest 
 of the things. Vale. W. Penn. 
 
 Let me know the last day of John Askew's" stay ; also, if they 
 will take a couple of young tame foxes. 
 
 William Penn to James Logan. 
 
 The 22d day 0/ 6th mo., 1700. 
 Draw a warrant for the laying out of 500 acres of land to 
 Martha Hatton, the daughter of William Hatton, deceased, in 
 right of James Harrison, that it may be ready for me to sign 
 when I come down. Put into all warrants for townships, when 
 laid out to be of land never surveyed before, and next adjoining 
 to former townships, adding: "He taking out his patent for the 
 same within three months after the return made into thy office." 
 Take care also that I have 500 acres in every township that is 
 
 ^ In the Northern Liberties, where his estate lay. Pegg's Run was 
 named from him. — L. 
 
 [This was in the immediate vicinity of Front and Willow Streets. 
 Pegg's Run flows through a culvert along thd line at Willow Street. — 
 Editor.] 
 
 '^ John Askew was a merchant of considerable account in London ; he 
 transacted much business with my grandfather, Isaac Norris, also with 
 James Logan, Jonathan Dickinson, and with the most respectable 
 merchants here; he was in this country at the time of the Proprietor's 
 arrival. — L.
 
 10 PENN AND LOGAN [17OO. 
 
 laid out, and that the surveyor do me right therein. Forget not 
 the black walnut; and ask Captain Hill about a carpenter. 
 Samuel Jennings has bought two; I would have liked to have 
 had one of them ; three months' pay for one would purchase one; 
 or a joiner, if sober. 
 
 Send me up one of Samuel Carpenter's compasses for the 
 woods, to steer by and take courses, by the first opportunity. 
 Urge the justices about the bridge at Pemepecka and Poquessin, 
 forthwith for a carriage, or I cannot come to town. I. Redson 
 would be expeditious in it, if pressed as from me. I hope you 
 all got well home. 
 
 Vale. William Penn. 
 
 Hannah Penn to James Logan. 
 
 Pennsbury. 
 
 James: — If the Swiss captain be uneasy to stay till next week, 
 fail not to accompany him fourth or fifth day; but you must de- 
 pend on nothing here but a dinner, and return to Buckingham' 
 or Burlington at night, because of company in the house. En- 
 deavor to inform thyself of his inclination, and if practicable 
 encourage it; if not, qualify it; for R. Hill having broke engage- 
 ments with him, which is not to be palliated with one that 
 knows the world so well, without making the fault wider, makes 
 my husband the more solicitous to have him pleased. 
 
 And endeavor to get a passage for the black walnuts in John 
 Askew's ship, instead of ballast, or at any tolerable rate. Let 
 Edward Shippen know his daughters are well, and shall come in 
 our boat with John to-morrow or next day. 
 
 Vale. Thy Friend. H. P. ^ 
 
 ' [The ancient name of Bristol, Bucks, Pa. — Editor.] 
 ' Note by Mrs. Logan: — I have been a little hurt and disappointed 
 at the slighting and inelegant manner in which my friend Watson, in his 
 "Annals," mentions these notes of the Proprietor and his amiable 
 wife, written from Pennsbury to James Logan : for my own part, I am 
 glad they have been preserved.* They have afforded me a panorama 
 
 * [Mr. Watson made ample amends in his Annals for the comments which Mrs. 
 Logan has taken occasion to censure. He constantly acknowledges his obligations 
 to her for valuable information, and speaks in terms of fully warranted praise of her 
 remarkable knowledge of the early history of affairs. 1— Editor.]
 
 I^OO.] CORRESPONDENCE. II 
 
 William Penn to James Logan 
 
 Pennsbury, list 6th mo., 1700. 
 Take of the bearer his penal bond to pay me five pounds 
 in two or three months' time ; and write to the magistrates of 
 Newcastle that he has given security to the Proprietor to pay 
 
 of life and housekeeping, incident to a new settlement, to be found as 
 I know nowhere else. And the mixture of affairs of government with 
 the mention of domestic wants and economy is perfectly natural, and 
 would necessarily occur to persons in their situation. "Building in the 
 wilderness, founding and governing an infant colony," without the 
 appliances and means which are now easily procured by the remote 
 settlers in our Western country, was a formidable undertaking. This 
 tracing the history of the past, and contrasting it with that of the present, 
 produces in me a feeling akin to that which must attend the ekplora- 
 tion of the fountains of some beautiful and majestic stream, such as 
 Bruce may have experienced at the sources of the Nile — a scene, not of 
 grandeur, but of freshness and verdure. The soldier who stepped 
 across the Missouri was gratified that at length he could do it. And 
 the antiquary, I should think, would in like manner feel a recreation in 
 contemplating the building of Pennsbury, and seeing in fancy the 
 venerable founder there, in the midst of his numerous occupations. A 
 traditionary account, heard in my youth from an aged woman, an in- 
 habitant of the county of Bucks, has just now occurred to my memory. 
 She went, when a girl, with a basket containing a rural present, to the 
 Proprietor's mansion, and saw his wife, a delicate and pretty woman, 
 sitting beside the cradle of her infant.* Oh that a plan only of the 
 house had been preserved ! 
 
 An incidental mention of things, apparently unintentional, often 
 serves to explain others ; as the bringing butter and other things from 
 Rhode Island explains the source of many supplies to the infant colony, 
 and I had hoped the note annexed to the mention of coffee-berries, 
 showing how lately the use of that beverage had then been introduced 
 into Europe itself, would have prevented surprise at the question, " If 
 to be had in town." The Dutch did not begin to raise coffee at 
 Surinam until 17 14: all that was then used was imported from Arabia. 
 
 The rapid view which the mind takes of things has hurried me 
 through the space between the time of writing this note and that of my 
 copying it. The vast and rapid extension of our commerce during that 
 period, makes me desirous of stating a fact that few remember; which 
 is, that on the 5th of November, 1783, the first vessel that sailed from 
 Philadelphia to the East Indies was launched. I have forgotten her 
 
 * John Penn, son of the Proprietor by his second wife, was bom shbrtly after the 
 arrival of his parents in Pennsylvania, as I find by the following extract of a letter : 
 " (Tuesday) 31st nth mo., 1699. Our governor has a son, bom last First-clay night, 
 and all like to do well."
 
 12 PENN AND LOGAN [17OO. 
 
 the fine ; upon which that they discharge his goods under 
 seizure, with commendations of their care. 
 
 I want a quire of large and small quarto paper, per first (op- 
 portunity). The fijr, &c., is come, a dear voyage by the boat. 
 Pray, send the paper by first, and let me know John Askew's 
 last day, or his ship's. If the foxes be any inconvenience, pray 
 forbid it, for I am indifferent to send or stay them.' 
 
 Stop all business from coming hither. Pray inform thyself 
 well of the land bought, or in treaty for, by the Swiss captain, 
 if the title be good, and the price no extortion. I could have 
 been glad of that money in England, for he has some in Mat- 
 thew Plumsteed's hands. I have his letter by the captain. 
 
 We shall want about twelve bushels of lime more, which 
 send off first to Samuel Jennings for me. I. Clement came 
 to-day, and very well. Send up some pewter buttons, or 
 brass, for two coats, also. We are, through mercy, well. Per 
 next, I think, can the Swiss captain.' If the bearer behave not 
 amiss, let him be told he shall have the fine remitted, of which 
 the neighborhood is judge. Joseph Growden presses for him, 
 but I will have a character before I do. Vale. Wm. Penn. 
 
 Send up a plumber with speed; send a flat ink-glass — a 
 
 small one. 
 
 William Penn to James Logan. 
 
 Fifth day. 
 
 Prepare a nervous proclamation against vice. Also advise 
 if one is not fit after Snead, who ran away in my debt, and, I 
 
 name, but she was owned by Robert Morris, and commanded by 
 Captain Bell.* — L. 
 
 ' A couple of young, tame foxes, desired to be sent to England, as 
 a present to one of his friends. — L. 
 
 ' [Sic. — Editor.] 
 
 * [The newspapers of the day do not mention the incident here stated by Mrs. 
 Logan ; nor can we find any subsequent reference to this ship in the list of vessels 
 sailing from the port of Philadelphia. Mr. Watson (2 Annals, 339) remarks : " She " — 
 the celebrated frigate Alliance — " was the second we?,9,e\ from Philadelphia to Canton ; 
 the Canton, Captain Truxton, being the/rj/. " — EorroR.]
 
 I700.] CORRESPONDENCE. I3 
 
 suppose in other people's. I intend to write to Governors 
 Nicholson and Blackiston about him, and to Col. Blake, Gov- 
 ernor of Carolina.^ Watch the next English ship for a car- 
 penter, bricklayer, or joiner, and get on board before they land. 
 I should be glad to see Gr. Owen, when he can be spared. I 
 owe R. H. love for his fine cane. Oil we have two gallons 
 come in the flat, broad, or square chest. Vale. W. P. 
 
 I am troubled at the manner of A. Bignal's escape, a most 
 impudent slut. 
 
 Didst thou ever write the letter to Lumbey's owners ? it is 
 very material. Pray see that those goods perish not on our 
 hands. Dispose of what thou canst of the loose ones. I think 
 to see the chest when I come. 
 
 Hannah Penn to James Logan. 
 
 \_No date kif] Third-day, forenoon. 
 I have so long expected the return of our people and 
 barge,^ that I am now much concerned at the disappointment, 
 and have sent Sam to Burlington to inquire, and, if he hears not 
 there, to come through to thee. There is much to do before my 
 husband's return, which will, if well, be this week. If the 
 servants had come as intended, I thought to have sent Mary 
 down again for things we much wanted ; but as now cannot 
 send her, must desire thee to send the two pair of pewter can- 
 dle-sticks, some great candles which I bid John bespeak, also 
 some green ones, and a dozen pounds smaller ditto : the largest 
 pewter basin, and buy a new earthen one to wash in, also one 
 of the stands to hold it. Call Betty Webb to thy assistance : 
 let her send two mops to wash house with, four silver salts, and 
 the two-handle porringer that is in my closet, the looking-glass 
 that is in the hall, if it can be carefully put up, the piece of dried 
 beef; and if any ship with provisions come from Rhode Island, 
 I would have thee buy a firkin, two or three, as price and worth 
 
 ' [Nephew of Admiral Blake, and who died in this year. — Editor.] 
 
 ^ [The roads between Pennsbury and Philadelphia were bad, and 
 
 the communication was generally by a barge belonging to the governor, 
 
 and known as the "governor's barge;" frequent reference to which 
 
 will be found in these letters. — Editor.]
 
 14 PENN AND LOGAN [17OO. 
 
 is, of good butter, also cheese and candles, etc., for winter's 
 Store, if any such opportunity presents before our coming down. 
 We are all, through mercy, well here. My husband well to 
 Woodbridge; sets out from New York on 5th day. Nothing 
 else, but my love to thee and friends. 
 
 I am thy friend, H. Penn. 
 P. S. I believe thou hast been sometimes too lonely ; mayst 
 expect they will fill the house again about 2d day. If the 
 barge is already come, send the things above mentioned first 
 to S. Jennings. 
 
 William Penn to James Logan. 
 
 Pennsburv, 2,^ ']th mo. , 1 700. 
 
 I did not mean that a proclamation should be prepared by 
 them for me to sign, but to see a draught for me to correct, if I 
 thought fit, in order to propose in council, which yet I would 
 have them to do. I think to be in town the first fair day, and 
 so let Edward Anthill know. I am sorry J. Moor knew and did 
 not tell me/ but I fear none of his attempts. He is a great vil- 
 lain everywhere ; he dreaded the justice of this government in 
 several cases. Prepare a warrant for Philip Howel, for Liberty 
 land, for one thousand acres, in right of Henry Pawlin's old 
 purchase of Schuylkill side.^ Send up our great stew-pan and 
 cover, and little soup-dish, and two or three pounds of coffee, if 
 sold in the town, and three pounds of wick, ready spun for 
 candles, per next opportunity. The lime may be kept till our 
 men come up. Lassel is plumber enough ; but if thee can get 
 Cornelius Empson's man, and he has tools, send speedily, for 
 the house suffers in great rains for want thereof If Lassel dares 
 undertake mending of the leads,^ per first (opportunity) send 
 him up. 
 
 Three bundles of skins that Sol. Ward returned are in my 
 
 ' This mixture of affairs of government and interest with domestic 
 wants and orders may occasion, at this time, a smile; but it naturally 
 arose from a state of things in a new-settled country, with everything 
 to attend to. — L. 
 
 ' [The "leads" proved a constant trouble, and the leakage, from 
 their imperfect condition, eventually caused the destruction of the 
 house, which otherwise might have been still standing. — Editor.]
 
 I/OU.] CORRESPONDENCE. 15 
 
 chamber ; send one to Billy,^ the others to my father, Callow- 
 hill/ and get John Askew to put them in his chest, and give him 
 the enclosed letters also. Vale. W. P. ' 
 
 William Penn to James Logan. 
 
 c^ih Tbr., 1700. 
 
 This is the fourth in two days, and to tell John Moor I would 
 have him get indicted one John Walch of that county for coming 
 into this county and taking hence two strays; one a roan mare 
 and colt, and the other a brown bay gelding — both four years 
 old last spring or thereabouts. 'Twas last 4th month. I have 
 heard often ill of him for driving horses from one county to 
 another, and am much a loser by such fellows and practices. It is 
 too much a practice to think it no fault to cheat the governor. 
 
 Prepare a commission for the bearer, and date it from the time 
 I ordered him to pursue his place. Vale. W. P. 
 
 William Penn to James Logan. 
 
 "jth ']br., 1700. 
 Deliver the enclosed to the magistrates, and tell them I 
 desire their immediate care in the town and county, and to send 
 both upwards and downwards with all speed. The weather 
 by water hinders me. My leg is well advanced, and would not, 
 throw it back ; yet, first fair day, will, God- willing, set forward ; 
 and had done so sooner, if coach or calash had been here, as 
 the ways are tolerably cut. I send also a package for- Governor 
 Blackiston, which must be forwarded per first to the sheriff of 
 Newcastle, to transmit with speed. Vale. W. P. 
 
 William Penn to James Logan. 
 
 Pennsbury, 14M ibr., 1700. 
 James: — The enclosed I have had a week: it concerns a man- 
 damus I have reason to hearken to. But least it should weaken 
 
 * His son William, then in England. — L. 
 
 ^ The Proprietor's second wife was Hannah, the daughter of Thomas 
 Callowhill, of Bristol, Great Britain. — L.
 
 l6 FENN AND LOGAN [17OO. 
 
 my commission to Jo. Moor, inform thyself of him, if that may 
 not be done by Griffith Jones which he praj-s a mandamus for, 
 without interfering with J. Moor's commission ; lose no time 
 therein, that I may not lose my money or lands : I confess I 
 think if J. Moor be there 't is his province. By the bearer thou 
 mayst write to Cornelius Empson. We want rum here, having 
 not a quarter of a pint in the house among so many workmen; 
 best, in bottles sealed down, or it may be drawn and mixed; 
 send by a Burlington boat, except S. Hill carefully carry it to 
 Ann Jennings for us — six quarts; and if an hogshead of lime 
 could be reasonably brought by any boat that comes to the mill 
 at Brock's, as Isaac Norris, etc., or to Burlington, we could send for 
 it, and that would close all for this year, of that nature, we think. 
 Let Jos. Woods ^ know that I hear Governors Nicholson 
 and Blackiston ' intend in ten days for Philadelphia ; and that 
 I would have him wait upon them with a good number of persons ; 
 that he summon to wait at the borders of the county, and 
 conduct them to New Castle, and thence till he meets with the 
 sheriff of Chester County, to whom write to conduct them to 
 the confines of his charge or county, where J. Farmer shall 
 attend them. Let at least twenty persons be ordered for each 
 party; and write to H. Hollingsworth to a little help the sheriff 
 to manage things. The magistrates of each place to give their 
 attendance, some to ride out, some to receive them at alighting. 
 If needful, prepare a draught of an order or letter to each 
 county, and send it me forthwith, as also to lodge them, and im- 
 mediate servants, at their private houses. The first fair day I 
 intend down. Vale. W. P. 
 
 Part of a Letter from James Logan to William Penn, Jr.^ 
 
 Philadelphia, 25//; j/Zi mo., 1700. 
 The nature of the Province, its soil and improvements, I 
 need not mention, this being sufficiently done by other hands; 
 
 ' Probably then sheriff of New Castle County. — L. 
 
 ' [Francis Nicholson, Lieut. Governor of New England and New 
 York, and Nehemiah Blackiston, Governor of Maryland. — Editor.] 
 
 ' This was the Proprietor's only surviving son by his first wife, 
 Gulielma Maria. This young gentleman was married and remained in 
 England; his wife was the daughter of C. Jones, of Bristol, Eng. — L.
 
 I/OO.] CORRESPONDENCE. 1/ 
 
 nor the parties and factions that reigned here, thou being, I 
 suppose, sufificiently acquainted with them; so shall only give 
 some hints of the administration, and course of affairs since our 
 arrival. 
 
 The highest terms I could use would hardly give you an idea 
 of the expectation and welcome that thy father received from 
 the most of the honester party here. Friends generally con- 
 cluded that, after all their troubles and disappointments, this 
 province now scarce wanted anything more to render it com- 
 pletely happy. The faction that had long contended to over- 
 throw the settled constitution of the government received an 
 universal damp, yet endeavored what mischief they could by 
 speaking whispers that the Proprietary could not act as governor 
 without the king's approbation, and taking an oath, as obliged 
 by Act of Parliament; but that in a great measure soon blew 
 over. Colonel Quary, judge, and John Moor, advocate of the 
 Admiralty, the two ringleaders, went down to the water-side 
 among the crowd to receive the governor at his landing, who, 
 not seeming to regard the very submissive welcome they gave 
 him, and. taking notice of an old acquaintance that stood by 
 them, expected nothing but almost as open hostility from the 
 Proprietary as they were at before with Col. Markham, especially 
 having heard that copies ' of Col. Quary's letters to the Ad- 
 miralty at home against the government, were also brought over. 
 
 Directly from the wharf the governor went to his deputy's, 
 paid him a short formal visit, and from thence with a crowd at- 
 tending to meeting, it being about three o'clock on First-day 
 afternoon, where he spoke on a double account to the people, 
 and praying, concluded it : from thence to Edward Shippen's, 
 where we lodged for about a month. 
 
 For two or three days the governor seemed to admire at 
 Col. Quary's distance, and perceiving he was not like to come 
 pay a civil visit as might be expected, sent me to him with an 
 inviting compliment, with which he presently complied, and 
 entered into a very familiar conversation with the governor, 
 
 ' Many copies of Col. Quary's charges against the Proprietor, with 
 William Penn's justification of himself and government, are at Stenton. 
 Some of them will appear in this work. — L. 
 
 VOL. 1.— 3
 
 l8 PENN AND LOGAN [17OO. 
 
 who endeavored to make it appear that he would treat all 
 parties with equal civility and regard in this province that were 
 not directly injurious to him, confessed he believed there was 
 occasion gjven for the complaint that went home, blamed the 
 mal-administration of affairs in some particulars relative to the 
 king, and resolved to have a hearing of the whole matter before 
 himself and council. The two persons chiefly struck at by 
 Quary were the lieutenant-governor, and David Lloyd, attor- 
 ney-general, a man very stiff in all his undertakings, of a sound 
 judgment, and a good lawyer, but extremely pertinacious and 
 somewhat revengeful : he, at that time, was one of the council ; 
 and those mighty wrongs that had been put on the king com- 
 ing to be debated there, David resolutely defended all that had 
 been done, and too highly opposed the governor's resolution 
 of composing all by mildness and moderation, and reconciling 
 all animosities by his own intervention, which he thought the 
 only advisable expedient to put an end to those differences that 
 had cost him so much trouble. This soon created some small 
 misunderstanding : several of the most noted friends were in- 
 volved more or less in David's business, and though troubled at 
 his stiffness, yet wished him in the right, because the most 
 active enemy and assiduous councillor against the other party, 
 who on all occasions would be glad, they thought, of their utter 
 ruin. This obstinacy the governor could by no means brook ; 
 he could not but think there was more deference and considera- 
 tion due to his character and station. The other knew not 
 what it was to bend ; he was engaged in the cause, and would 
 stand or fall by it, offering to plead it at Westminster Hall ; but 
 the governor, who was most sensible of the pulse of the court, 
 and affairs in general at home, knew this course would never 
 take, and therefore was sometimes warm enough to inveigh 
 highly against past proceedings, not sparing several in express 
 words that were concerned in them, and laying open in large 
 discourse what would be the consequence if they took not some 
 more effectual ways to satisfy superiors at home, who perhaps 
 would be very well pleased with any occasion, by whatsoever 
 hand administered, to wrench the government out of the Pro- 
 prietor's hands and throw it on the king.
 
 I/OO.] CORRESPONDENCE. I9 
 
 Friends love to the governor was great and sincere ; they had 
 long mourned for his absence, and passionately desired his 
 return. He, they firmly believed, would compose all their dif- 
 ferences, and repair all that was amiss, and [Left un- 
 finished.] 
 
 William Penn to James Logan. 
 
 New York, istMr., 1700. 
 Give my love to Thomas Story, and tell him that I hope he 
 supplies my absence about the laws,^ what to alter or repeal, 
 and that thou assist him therein. Colonel Nicholson has been 
 very ill, and relapsed once or twice, and thereby our conferences 
 have been retarded, which truly are of great importance to the 
 weal of America. My dear love to friends in general, and 
 particularly tell Hannah Delavall ^ that to be one of her wit- 
 nesses is not the least motive to hasten me. Tell Thomas Story 
 that Judge Guest ^ salutes him ; but no lawyers, I see, is best. 
 News from Boston by ships of six weeks passage and five * and 
 three days, say the pretty Duke of Gloucester* is dead, which will 
 cause thoughts and fresh measures at home among the grandees. 
 The enclosed is to be given immediately, and^ a proclamation to 
 lengthen the commencement together of the session to the 20th 
 or 24th, as the council may judge best ; or my time will be but 
 small before the session, which will be an hardship upon me. 
 Vale. Wm. Penn. 
 
 * A revision of them, previous to their being sent to England for the 
 royal approbation. — L. ' 
 
 ^ Widow of John Delavall, and daughter of Thomas Lloyd: she 
 afterward married Captain Richard Hill, and it is to being present at 
 their nuptials to which the Proprietor alludes. She was a woman of 
 excellent character and extraordinary endowments, and was much 
 valued by his lady and himself. He elsewhere calls her "Captain 
 Hill's lovely wife." — L. 
 
 ' Guest was a lawyer as well as Thomas Story, and had accompanied 
 the Proprietor to assist at this conference ; where, it seems, the latter 
 made the discovery that men of that profession often retard negotia- 
 tions by a too scrupulous adherence to legal forms, and perhaps the 
 habit of counteracting and contradiction. — L. 
 
 *[Sic. — Editor.] 
 
 ' Son of Queen Anne ; his death opened the way to the Protestant 
 succession of the house of Hanover. — L.
 
 20 PENN AND LOGAN [17OO. 
 
 William Penn to James Logan. 
 
 First-day, 6th Zbr., 1700. 
 James: — Pay the bearer, Duncan Campbell, twenty-five shil- 
 lings, in dollars, if thou canst. I am pretty well, and intend for 
 Philadelphia the day before H. Delavall is to be so no more, 
 when I know it, which I expect to hear of to-morrow. How- 
 ever, 3d-day I think of coming, if it may be of the 4th ; or that 
 day, if it be on the 5th. Vale. Wm. Penn. 
 
 William Penn to James Logan. 
 
 {No date-l 
 
 Be as helpful as may be to the commissioners, and put that 
 letter hard upon our opposite neighbor,^ for I first lodged my 
 thoughts between T. Story and him. Also, thou gave me not 
 transcript of Governor Hamilton's paper, which pray send per 
 first opportunity. 
 
 Give the two Bristol captains a small collation at L Jones's 
 or Robin's, or where thou wilt, as neat's toftgue or the like, and 
 a bottle of wine on my account, if thou seest fit. It seems 
 Prickle went not from New Castle till yesterday, which had I 
 known, I would have written three letters of great importance 
 every way, and rather I had lost one hundred pounds than have 
 missed the opportunity. Vale. W. P. 
 
 Hannah Penn to James Logan. 
 
 Pennsbury, Third-day afternoon {Nov., 1700). 
 My husband has been, for some time, especially the two days 
 past, much indisposed with a feverish cold ; his sweating, last 
 night, something relieved him, but not so as to be capable of 
 going to town without great hazard of his health, which has 
 prevailed with him to stay till to-morrow, when, if better, he 
 
 ' David Lloyd, who lived in Second Street, nearly opposite the Slate- 
 roof House, is the person, I conjecture, that is here meant ; and this 
 was probably the beginning of his machinations against the Pro- 
 prietor. — L.
 
 I700.] CORRESPONDENCE. 
 
 21 
 
 intends not to fail of being in town ; wherefore he would have 
 the co'.mcil adjourn, from day to day, till they see him. Also, 
 would have thee tell Thomas Story ^ to read over the laws care- 
 fully, and observe their shortness and other defects, with memo- 
 randa of directions, especially those about courts of justice, 
 marriage, law of property, unreasonable alienation of fines, 
 8:c., and what time thou canst spare he would have thee employ 
 on the same subject; for, after the rising of this assembly, he 
 determines to send the laws for England. And desire Thomas 
 Story to show Judge Guest ^ his draught of the bill for regu- 
 lating courts ; also, do thou, by the first opportunity, send to 
 R. Parmiter for his draught upon the said subject (it may help); 
 and be sure to mind the business of the Maryland sloop, and 
 speak to council or magistrates to consider of a place for the 
 general assembly. The governor understands Joseph Shippen 
 
 ^ Thomas Story, I believe, came over to America in 1699. He was 
 a minister in the Society of Friends. The following character of him 
 is taken from a letter of Isaac Norris of that date: "Thomas seems 
 to take much with strangers, as being very intelligible to the most 
 curious observer, and delivers his matter safe from the most captious 
 critic. He was bred a lawyer, but has laid that aside for the gospel. 
 His conversation, as a man, sweet, gentle, and extremely affable; his 
 spirit, as a Christian, extraordinarily humble ; and I have observed him 
 to watch even against his own abilities, lest they should appear to 
 exalt him in the opinion of any — but I shall forbear." 
 
 He settled in Pennsylvania, where he was master of the rolls and 
 keeper of the great seal. He married Ann Shippen, daughter of 
 Edward Shippen, and received a very handsome portion with her ; but, 
 upon her death, he returned to England. 
 
 He was a man of great knowledge and ingenuity, and died in 
 1742. — L. 
 
 [A more extended account of this very able and remarkable man 
 may be found in i Proud, 421. — Editor.] 
 
 "^ Three years after this date, James Logan, in a letter to William 
 Penn, thus characterizes Judge Guest: "A desire to be somebody, 
 and an unjust method of craving and getting, seems to be the rule of 
 his life. He has often been of great service, which should of itself 
 be acknowledged, but it is owing to little good in his temper. It was 
 his failing — that were laid hold of, to lead him to it — and, upon the 
 whole, I must give it as my opinion that he is not to be trusted. He 
 is remarkable in an unhappy talent of abusing every past governor, 
 and seems fixed to no moral." 
 
 He died in Philadelphia, and was interred there the 8th of Seventh 
 month, 1707. — L.
 
 22 PENN AND LOGAN [l/OO. 
 
 gives, in reality, but seven pounds ten shillings a ton to N. 
 Puckler, and hopes thou givest not more. I desire thou wilt 
 not fail to return that money due to my father, at least one-half, 
 by the first good opportunity, to Barbadoes or otherwise. Not 
 else at present, from thy friend, Hannah Penn. 
 
 Isaac Norris to Daniel Zachary. 
 
 Zth of loth-mo., 1700. 
 
 I am, at length, got home from wearisome New 
 
 Castle, after near seven weeks' session, much teasing, and 
 sometihies almost off the hinges, for they would creak loudly ; 
 then we used to sit and reduce ourselves to good order again. 
 Some turbulent spirits would often endeavor to drive it to a 
 pitched battle betwixt upper counties and lower, Quakers and 
 Churchmen ; but, in short, we at length brought it to a pretty 
 good conclusion. We compiled out of the old, and formed some 
 new — in all about ninety laws in a body, as far as our capa- 
 cities and general heads would admit. We settled property in 
 respect to weak titles, and for a closing stroke gave the governor 
 two thousand pounds, at which our malcontents are not well 
 pleased, and some, I hear, endeavor to withstand paying. 
 
 Isaac Norris to Daniel Zachary.^ 
 
 29M wth-mo., 1700. 
 
 I have missed no post since I came from that 
 
 Frenchified, Scotchified, Dutchified" place, as thou callst it, and 
 hope by this time thou art sensible of it. I am obliged for all 
 the news ; but we hear it. The governor has promised me a 
 sight of the sacrifice your zealots have made to their revenge — 
 a poor and mean confutation; and, however it may please their 
 followers, it will render them fairly outdone in the eyes of the 
 disinterested and wise. 'T is true, burning of libels against a 
 prince or government, which tend to sedition or disturbance 
 of the subjects, may be quite proper, but, as I understand, this is 
 
 ^ Norris MSS. * Newcastle. — J. P. Norris, Sen.
 
 I/OO.] CORRESPONDENCE. 23 
 
 matter of fact, and difference between subject and subject, and 
 shows a piece of arrogance, as well as folly, so to exert their 
 revenge. Were I the author, I should think my point gained ; 
 and no doubt he has sense enough to make a right use of the 
 advantage they have given him. Your New England ministers, 
 so called, seem to have much zeal for religion, but have a 
 peculiar talent in the application and practice; and by looking 
 no farther than their own narrow limits, do not consider the 
 universality of God's love to the creation, and how pleas- 
 ing it is in his sight that we carry a moral and civil respect and 
 love to our fellow-creatures, as brethren by creation and the 
 workmanship of his hands, all of a piece as to our naturals. 
 But I leave this digression, and only hint that certainly they 
 have no legal right, much less divine, to claim a maintenance 
 from you, that hear them not 
 
 William Penn, Jr., to James Logan. 
 
 WoRMiNGHURST, Feb. x\th, 1700. 
 Dear Friend: — I have not, which I am very sorry for, at 
 present, time to answer thy long, though not tedious letter, for 
 good sense can never be tedious to those who crave but enough 
 to relish it ; yet if thy former had been twenty-three instead of 
 three sheets, it had not balanced for the shortness of that of 
 January, which was but one and a half lines. I hope thee will 
 make it up with interest. I am now to tell thee that yesterday, 
 at half hour past eight in the morning, to a minute, my wife was 
 brought to bed of a brave boy.^ If thee will calculate his 
 nativity, thee will much oblige 
 
 Thy most affectionate friend, 
 
 Wm. Penn, Jr. 
 
 Addressed, "For James Logan, Secretary to His Excellency, in 
 Philadelphia." 
 
 ^ [Probably Springett Penn. — Editor.]
 
 24 PENN AND LOGAN [l/CX). 
 
 An Abstract of Several Informations relating to Irregular 
 Proceedings and other Undue Practices in Pennsylvania.' 
 
 1. That all illegal trade is carried on there, more than ever. 
 Sloops are purposely employed to go out of the Capes and take 
 on board goods brought by other vessels from Curagoa, which 
 they land at Philadelphia or elsewhere, and then the vessels 
 that brought them, come up to Philadelphia in ballast, as if they 
 had brought nothing. 
 
 2. The acts passed in Pennsylvania to prevent illegal trade 
 are not put in execution, as neither the acts of trade made 
 here. 
 
 3. Mr. Penn, having appointed water bailiffs by his own au- 
 thority, has invaded thereby the jurisdiction of the Admiralty 
 established by the king. 
 
 4. There-is neither any militia established, nor any provision 
 made of arms or ammunition, but the country left defenceless, 
 and exposed to all hazards both by land and sea, of which 
 the representatives of the lower counties have several times 
 complained to Mr. Penn, but without obtaining any redress. 
 
 5. Mr. Penn endeavors all he can to invite foreign and French 
 Indians, known to be villanous, and but lately come from 
 Canada, to settle in this country, only for the benefit of a trade 
 with them, which he takes care wholly to engross to himself, 
 by ordering the Indians not to permit any to trade with them 
 but such as produce an indented license under his seal. What 
 his profit may be thereby is not known. But it is appre- 
 hended this practice may tend to endanger the lives of many 
 thousands of her Majesty's subjects. 
 
 6. Mr. Penn prevailed with the assembly, at one sitting, to 
 make a present to him of two thousand pounds, and further to 
 settle upon him one thousand pounds per annum and upwards, 
 in taxes. The expense of their several sittings whilst he was 
 there, amounts to above six hundred pounds. But he has not 
 
 * [This and the five subsequent papers are from the Logan Manu- 
 scripts in possession of the Historical Society of Pennsylvania, which 
 were many years since presented to that institution by Mrs. Logan. 
 Also, see Mem. of Hist. Soc. Fcfm., vol. ii. 191. — Editor.]
 
 I/OO.] CORRESPONDENCE. 2$ 
 
 disposed them to raise the slnall quota of three hundred and 
 fifty pounds, which was signified to be requisite towards the 
 defence of New York; they excusing themselves chiefly upon ac- 
 count of the want of a settled militia, arms and ammunition for 
 their own defence, which has indisposed them to any com- 
 pliance with the quota of men for New York^ in case of an 
 attack, though it be a condition upon which the government was 
 restored to him. 
 
 7. The representatives of the three lower counties, in an ad- 
 dress to Mr. Penn, have further represented, that, instead of 
 reaping the security designed by the laws passed at New Castle, 
 they find that the most essential of those laws, and which 
 nearest concern them in their estates, have not been sent home 
 for his Majesty's approbation, especially those of qualification 
 of magistrates and juries, and those for establishing property 
 and raising money. 
 
 8. Those representatives being doubtful of Mr. Penn's right 
 to the government of those counties, they desired a sight of his 
 deed of feoffment. But, instead thereof, were threatened with a 
 gaol, without bail, till either the king's pleasure should be known, 
 or Mr. Penn's return into these parts; and by these proceedings 
 being made more doubtful of the validity of the laws passed at 
 New Castle, they refused to confirm the same. 
 
 9. In relation to the administration of justice, information 
 has been given of three particular cases, very heinous, viz., a man, 
 committed for . . [imperfect MS.] . . for want of a legal method 
 of proceeding got off. A woman, committed for murdering her 
 bastard child, and confessing the fact, was either acquitted or 
 pardoned. The son of an eminent Quaker, by several shuffling 
 and irregular practices, got off without.trial. 
 
 10. Further information has been given of a jury, who, not 
 agreeing upon the verdict in a cause which they were charged 
 with, determined themselves by hustle-cap. 
 
 11. Appeals have not been granted from sentences in courts 
 in Pennsylvania, to his Majesty in council, here, particularly in 
 the case of Thomas Byfield against John King. 
 
 12. The deputy-governor left by Mr. Penn, is not qualified 
 by his Majesty's approbation, or otherwise, as requisite by law.
 
 26 PENN AND LOGAN [17OO. 
 
 Nor has Mr. Penn ever given security for any deputy governor, 
 as directed by the address of the House of Lords of i8th of 
 March, 1696.^ 
 
 Answers to the Abstract of Complaints against Proceed- 
 ings IN Pennsylvania. 
 
 1. This is more than I know; and wbnder, if it be true, that 
 Colonel Quary (who, I perceive, presents these informations to 
 this honorable Board) never told me so before ; for I never heard 
 but of one vessel that played us such a trick ; and I wish that 
 Colonel Q. and his officers had been more vigorous to prevent 
 it. But, for the vindication of our merchants and of that colony, 
 I must desire Col. Q. to prove the charge ; that due course may 
 be taken to punish the faulty, and prevent such things for the 
 future. 
 
 2. I pray proof of this also ; for he never complained to me, 
 that I can remember, of such neglect. But this I know, that he 
 told me he thought I was too hard upon the tobacco-planters, in 
 making that law ; for by that law the hogsheads of tobacco 
 were to be weighed at their shipping, because they used to pass 
 formerly at four hundred pounds weight, by content ; though, 
 perhaps, they or the merchants crowded in seven, eight, or nine 
 hundred pounds weight into a hogshead, by which the king 
 lost, at one penny per pound, not less than thirty, forty, or fifty 
 shillings ; which, in a thousand hogsheads, comes to fifteen hun- 
 dred or two thousand pounds. 
 
 3. Colonel Quary, in his letter to this Board, laid the charge 
 as if I had granted tha^ commission to all the sheriffs ; but of 
 six sheriffs for the six counties, two only had them. They were 
 granted of necessity, to suppress great disorders upon the water, 
 and in his absence, and never disputed by his deputy ; and 
 when objected against by himself at his return (after six months' 
 absence upon his traffic into other colonies), I did immediately 
 command the sheriffs to forbear acting by them till farther order. 
 
 ^Indorsed, "Col. Quary, Information No. i."
 
 I700.] CORRESPONDENCE. 2/ 
 
 One of them never had, and the other but twice, and in slight 
 occasions ; however, it was drawn by one that Lord Bellamont 
 had made a council at New York, and naval officer thereof, well 
 acquainted in such matters ; and I offered to join with him to 
 represent it home to this and the Admiralty Board, to give us 
 our true boundaries, as the king's council in both laws should 
 advise, which he promised, and best knows why he did not per- 
 form it. 
 
 4. There is as much as was in Colonel Fletcher's time, and 
 the same governor I continued in command by the queen's 
 directions ; all commissions being by proclamation, to remain in 
 force till revoked, and they never were. But it is a mistake that 
 I had my government restored to me upon those terms. Let 
 the royal instrument be consulted. Nor was my right ever 
 dissolved, or that interruption given me to be by law vindicated. 
 And for the country's being left defenceless, it is an imposition 
 upon the Lords to tell them a militia can secure it ; since by 
 land there is none to annoy it ; and by sea, the position of the 
 country and the manner of our settlements considered, (our dis- 
 tance from the capes being one hundred and sixty miles, New- 
 castle one hundred and twenty, and the shoals and narrows so 
 many,) that a small vessel of war would, under God's providence, 
 be the best security. 
 
 5. I never, to my knowledge, invited or entertained one French 
 Indian in my life ; but discouraged Frenchmen, employed by 
 Colonel Q. or his customers, from trading with our Indians, 
 (the cause of that restraint,) that they might not debauch them 
 from the English friendship and interest ; all which is notorious 
 in those parts, where the truth can only be examined and found 
 out. My profit by the Indians was never sixpence ; but my 
 known perpetual bounties to them have cost me many hundreds 
 of pounds, if not some thousands, first and last. But this shows 
 a necessity of a moditis inquirendum upon the place. 
 
 6. I acknowledge the two thousand pounds that money, 
 (which makes not twelve hundred pounds English ;) but his 
 one thousand pounds is not above seven hundred pounds that 
 money, nor five hundred pounds this, and nearly expired. But 
 is that such a recompense, when five times the sum is less than
 
 28 PENN AND LOGAN [17OO. 
 
 my due ; having not had for twenty years one farthing, but 
 maintained the deputy-governor at my own charges ? And yet 
 more than half of what they gave me is yet unpaid, and if 
 Colonel Q. and his factious adherents can obstruct it, will 
 never be paid me. Whereas, had the law of imposts, given me in 
 '83, been received by me, it had been twenty thousand pounds, 
 and more, money in my way ; and which was only by me waived 
 for a few years in our infancy, upon promises never performed 
 to me. But for the three hundred and fifty pounds the king 
 writ me about, I did not only endeavor to raise it by calling an 
 assembly, (and which help up the charge of the six hundred 
 pounds he talks of,) but writ to the Governor of New York, that, 
 though I paid the three hundred pounds myself, he should not 
 want such a sum for the king's services ; whose answer was, that 
 he neither wanted men nor money, but Colonel Kramer, the 
 engineer that the New-Englanders kept from him ; nor was it at 
 the same session or assembly that gave me that supply, but . . 
 [MS. torn] . . after. Therefore, it cannot be justly concluded 
 that I preferred my own wants to the king's service ; and it was 
 poverty more than defence, that was the excuse of the lower 
 counties for not contributing to it, where a ship only as before 
 is their best security ; the town of Philadelphia, at least the coun- 
 ty, being in reality worth more than all the inhabitants of the 
 lower counties, who yet have equal privileges with the whole 
 province, on whose account he makes this reflection upon us. 
 However, they are not singular, Virginia and Maryland, old and 
 opulent, as well as king's colonies, having declined their quotas. 
 
 7. It was then declared to them and consented to, that the 
 imperfection of some laws in matter and wording, would re- 
 quire a review another session, and none were kept back but 
 those that were made towards the end of that session, when the 
 early frost setting in so hard, and the sickliness of the place, 
 made the members impatient of further stay. Nor am I (as I 
 presume) obliged by my patent to send them in so short a time ; 
 however, I expect them daily. 
 
 8. They had the sight of the deed of feoffment, and were also 
 told by me it was upon record at New York; and for threaten- 
 ing them with a gaol, 't is a most abusive perversion ; for what
 
 I700.] CORRESPONDENCE. 29 
 
 was said was to a member, but of one that was not a member, 
 that was supposed to have sowed such reflections about the 
 town, by himself or agents, and upon that I said, " Tell me his 
 name and prove it upon him, and I will take care to lay him 
 where I shall prevent his seditious practices, till the king's com- 
 mands are known, or the law release him." This is the truth of 
 the case, and I am still of the same mind for the preservation of 
 the common peace; nor did I know how to preserve it otherwise; 
 and I thank God, it continues still, and hope will till the queen's 
 pleasure shall be known ; while our neighbors at New York are in 
 such confusion and extremity, though not only a king's colony, 
 but one of the most importance. 
 
 9. For this foul charge I might refer the Board to the 
 records of the county. However, I will say this much : nobody 
 complained to me of it, nor appealed about the first of them ; 
 but I have heard the reason of his being cleared was, that the 
 single witness against him ran away, and was a fellow of no 
 credit into the bargain, upon which, after a long imprisonment, 
 he was discharged in open court of quarter sessions. For the 
 woman, she is neither pardoned nor acquitted, but the whole 
 case lies with Secretary Vernon, to whom I sent it for the 
 king's mind, who only could pardon her, and, for want of a suf- 
 ficient prison, is still in custody (if living) of the sheriff, who 
 waits for directions therein. Which representation was at the 
 instance and address of the Swedish minister and congrega- 
 tion, of which she was a member, that pleaded, ist, that it was 
 her own discovery ; 2d, that it was five years after the fact ; 
 3d, her extreme sorrow and repentance, of which the discovery 
 was an instance. As to the rape, the man challenged by the 
 woman married her. And in the opinion of the two only 
 lawyers of the place, and one of them the king's advocate of the 
 Admiralty, and the attorney-general of the country, her evidence 
 was thereby enervated. But because the marriage was not so 
 regular as the law required, I ordered the prosecution of it with 
 the utmost vigor, as the minutes of the council will show. For 
 the reflection upon our profession in styling the father an emi- 
 nent Quaker: ist, the father was but a late comer, and little 
 known; and, 2dly, far from eminent there or here, but of all held
 
 30 PENNANDLOGAN [17OO. 
 
 a quiet, honest man, who had been his son's security, the time 
 . . [here MS. is imperfect] , . for want of him, before it was 
 admitted, nor was it at last without good authorities in law. 
 
 10. That was true, and they punished for it, or I had severely 
 prosecuted them. But this was done some time before my 
 arrival. 
 
 11. This I must positively disown, for I never did deny one, 
 nor was ever appealed or complained to. If any court in my 
 government presumed to do so, I hope I know better things in 
 justice and prudence than to countenance or endure it. 
 
 12. It was no fault of mine, since I could not stay to receive 
 it; but his name was sent over by me to my son, for that service, 
 above a year before I thought of my hasty return, but it was, it 
 seems, omitted to be presented because of the doubtful issue of 
 the bill then in Parliament against us. However, I have the 
 opinion of Chief-Justice Attwood, at New York, that being a 
 governor in my own right, till the king could be apprised of it, 
 the appointment I made was good, and Col. Quary cannot but 
 know that necessity is ever a commission; and that I was under 
 an absolute one, both to come and to choose him, seeing there 
 was not another person in either province (not a Quaker) capable 
 of it, unless my lieutenant-governor, that I had displaced upon 
 the king's commands, m '99. And I ^ope, whatever be Col. 
 Quary's point, the Lords will judge of my proceeding according 
 to the nature of public exigencies. Wm. Penn.^ 
 
 A Reply to Mr. Penn's Answer to the Information relat- 
 ing TO Irregular Proceedings, etc., in irts Government in 
 Pennsylvania. 
 
 Article the First. The charge being matter of fact, and too 
 tedious to transcribe all the proofs of them, I have only to desire 
 your Lordships that we may with all expedition proceed to it, 
 being ready to make appear to your Lordships that I have often 
 
 * [This is an original, and is signed in Penn's own handwriting, and 
 indorsed by him: "Answer to Col. Quary's first Memorial." — 
 Editor ]
 
 I700.] CORRESPONDENCE. 3I 
 
 complained of it, and admire at the shortness of Mr. Penn's mem- 
 ory, that he can remember but one vessel. I shall mind him of 
 several others. 
 
 Secondly. The Acts made in Pennsylvania to prevent illegal 
 trade are so far from being put in execution, that they are not 
 allowed to be Acts; and as to the English Acts of Parliament, 
 it shall fully appear to your Lordships that no care hath been 
 taken of them ; that the government, and all Mr. Penn's plausi- 
 ble story on this head, hath nothing in it but to amuse your 
 Lordships. 
 
 Thirdly. This, also, is matter of fact, ready to be proved ; and 
 I shall therefore only remark to your Lordships that Mr. Penn 
 very well knows that all the trade of that province lieth with- 
 in the district of those two counties where he had granted the 
 commissions; and that I never was absent but that I left suffi- 
 cient powers to have suppressed all disorders. He is pleased to 
 say the commissions he gave were drawn by one that my Lord 
 Bellamont had employed, but doth not add that so soon as my 
 Lord was thoroughly apprised of his character, he turned him 
 out; and that after this, though the same information were given 
 Mr. Penn, yet he employed him. That Mr. Penn did solemnly 
 promise to join with me in representing some things home re- 
 lating to the powers of my commission, and that till things were 
 determined, and we should receive directions from the govern- 
 ment, I should uninterruptedly execute all the powers of my 
 commission, is true; but that, contrary to this promise, he hath 
 invaded those powers, by granting commissions, &c., is as ready 
 to be proved. 
 
 Fourthly. I must in general offer my proofs of the article re- 
 plied to, and shall take care to distinguish how far Colonel 
 Fletcher attempted the settling of a militia, what Mr. Penn hath 
 done in that affair, and on what account it is truly necessary for 
 the protection and defence of the country. 
 
 Fifthly. Besides the general offer of proof, Mr. Penn pleases 
 to evade the charge, and quibble about French Indians. I charge 
 him, that, notwithstanding the nakedness of the country, he hath 
 lately received into his province several nations of foreign In- 
 dians, and some French Indians, who are lately run away to the
 
 32 PENN AND LOGAN [17OO. 
 
 French. Mr. Penn is pleased to say that he hath discouraged 
 Frenchmen employed by me from trading with tlie Indians ; in 
 answer to which, I do assure your Lordships that I never em- 
 ployed any Frenchmen to trade with any Indians, nor any other 
 person or persons whatsoever. 
 
 Sixthly. Mr. Penn, in his reply, hath, in effect, owned this 
 article, and I see no room for any other answer than to tell you 
 that proofs are not wanting to clear anything he may have made 
 doubtful in his pretended reply. 
 
 Sevcntlily. The like may suffice in reply to the seventh answer. 
 
 Eighthly. And as to the next, I shall at the same time make 
 it appear to your Lordships, that what Mr. Penn hath said hath 
 no weight in it. I do most humbly desire of your Lordships, on 
 the behalf of the inhabitants of the three lower counties, that 
 Mr. Penn may be obliged to make appear what title he hath 
 (if any) to the government of those three lower counties, or 
 to the rents, he having exercised the former to the highest 
 degree, and hath received or secured the rent for about twenty 
 years. 
 
 NintJdy. The charge relating to the three capital crimes suf- 
 fered to go unpunished in Mr. Penn's government, are proved 
 by the hands of several persons of integrity and honor. 
 
 Tcnthly. The fact of the hustle-cap is owned, but I am not 
 conscious they were ever punished for it, and desire it may be 
 proved by Mr. Penn. 
 
 Eleventhly. Mr. Byfield having petitioned her Majesty and 
 complained of the denial of an appeal to him on which an order 
 was granted, requiring those in Mr. Penn's government to allow 
 of appeals home and to remit the cause, puts that matter out of» 
 dispute, if that were the only instance. 
 
 Tivelfthly. The matter of the seventeenth article is likwise true, 
 this present deputy-governor not being qualified according to 
 law, for which reason the people of the Jerseys refused to sub- 
 mit to him as governor. This Mr. Penn very well knew, yet had 
 so little regard to her Majesty's laws, that, in contempt of them, 
 he made him deputy-governor of Pennsylvania. Neither can I 
 by any means allow of his pretence of necessity of appointing 
 Col. Hamilton, in that there was no other person capable of it,
 
 1700.] CORRESPONDENCE. 33 
 
 there being to my knowledge several persons less liable to 
 objections, and every way as capable of that employment. 
 
 A Reply to Mr. Penn's Second Answer,' 
 
 Humbly submitted to the Right Hotwrable the Lords of the Council 
 of Trade and Plantations. 
 
 First. As to what relates to restoring Anthony Morris to his 
 places in the government, it is matter of fact, and owned by Mr, 
 Penn ; but that I had any such discourse with himself or Anthony 
 Morris, as Mr. Penn mentions, I do absolutely deny, and shall 
 be ready, when your Lordships command, to lay the true state 
 of it before you. 
 
 Secondly. Mr. Penn is charged, that, in a late charter which he 
 hath granted to the people of Philadelphia, he hath given the 
 sheriffs almost all the powers of the Admiralty, to the Capes of 
 the Bay, under the pretence of water-bailiffs ; to all which charge 
 he hath made no reply. 
 
 Thirdly. This article being owned by Mr. Penn and by his 
 officer's letter, leaves no room for enlargement; but only shall 
 add this hint: the said William Righton is an old offender, 
 noted for illegal practices, as will be more fully shown when 
 matters are debated before your Lordships. 
 
 Fourthly. As to what concerns his kinsman, Mr. Parmiter, I 
 appeal to Mr. Penn whether I did not acquaint him with it in 
 Pennsylvania, whether he did not see a copy of the indictment 
 against the said Parmiter; and if it be still doubted, I have only 
 to inform your Lordships that I expect a copy of the records 
 every day from Bristol, having sent for them. 
 
 Fifthly. All the matters in this article are true, and Mr. Penn 
 is no stranger to it, since I acquainted him with it in Pennsyl- 
 vania, and am now ready to prove it here. Mr. Penn's answer 
 to the article is branched out into so many particulars, and of 
 so little concern to the matter, that I cannot speak to it with- 
 out being very large ; so must refer that till the business is debated 
 
 * Indorsed in Penn's handwriting: " Col. Quary's Reply." 
 
 VOL. I. — 4
 
 34 PENNANDLOGAN [170O. 
 
 before your Lordships. And now may it please your Lordships, 
 that there may be no delay of the Queen's affairs by my staying 
 in England, I beg leave to have a short day assigned, that I 
 may proceed to all my proofs, which are at all times ready; it 
 being both difficult and tedious to commit them all to writing, 
 which is, however, humbly submitted to your Lordships' con- 
 sideration by 
 
 Your Lordships' most humble servant, 
 
 Robert Quary. 
 
 An Account of what Vessels hath been Seized and Con- 
 demned IN Pennsylvania, by Robert Quary, Judge of the 
 Court of Vice-Admiralty, 
 
 Most humbly presented to the Honorable the Commissioners of lier 
 Majesty's Custofns. 
 
 November, 1698. 
 
 The ^00^ Jacob, Francis Basset, master: the queen's third £ s. d. 
 came to ^40 . . . . . . . . 40 00 00 
 
 The East India goods which were condemned and forcibly 
 taken out of the queen's stores: the third came to, by 
 the Quakers' appraisement, J\Zq or J^^^o . . . 90 00 00 
 
 The brigantineyij;/^, Edward Johnson, master : the queen's 
 
 third came to about . . . . . . . 10 00 00 
 
 A parcel of goods seized by the collector and condemned : 
 
 the queen's third came to . . . . . . 25 7 00 
 
 The sloop Callipatch, John Hexby, master : the queen's 
 
 third came to about . . . . . . . 40 00 00 
 
 The sloop Deer, Goosey Bunyan, master : the queen's third 
 
 came to about . . . . . . . . 1 2 00 00 
 
 The sloop Jatnes and Mary' s Adventure, George Ander- 
 son, master: the queen's third came to about . , 45 00 00 
 
 Total 262 7 00 
 
 Pennsylvania money, which makes of sterling money the sum of 
 ^174 i8j. od. 
 
 The ship Providence, John Lumby, master: the queen's third 
 amounts to ^^193 17^. (>hd. of Pennsylvania money. 
 
 May it please your Honors, this is the account of her Majesty's 
 thirds, since I have been concerned, to the best of my knowl- 
 edge, — in case there be any small mistake, it shall be certified 
 from the records and on oath, — out of which I have paid and dis-
 
 I/OO.] CORRESPONDENCE. 35 
 
 bursed for her Majesty's service one hundred and thirty pounds, 
 besides my four years' service and attendance. All which is most 
 humbly submitted to your Honors' judgment, by 
 
 Your Honors' most obedient and humble servant, 
 
 R, Quaky. 
 
 Complaints against Col. Robert Quary, relating to his 
 BEING Judge of the Admiralty. 
 
 First. His unacquaintance with the civil law, of which he is 
 judge, not being versed therein, and having had a differing [an 
 indifferent?] education, renders him incapable of executing so 
 great a trust, wherein both the Queen's interest and the sub- 
 jects' property are deeply concerned — since he judges without 
 a jury, and pretends that the Admiralty has a larger jurisdiction 
 there than in England. 
 
 Secondly. His extending of his admiralty jurisdiction to cases 
 not only cognizable but proper to common law courts, taking 
 all causes from the sheriffs that relate to the water, though 
 infra corpus coviitatus, and where the river is not a mile over, 
 and in the freshes. 
 
 Thirdly. That he is the greatest merchant or factor in the 
 province, and yet is both judge of the Admiralty and surveyor of 
 the customs, which is conceived to be an absolute inconsist- 
 ency, and of dangerous consequence to trade at large, as well as 
 wrong to the rest of the people, of that province in particular. 
 
 Fourthly. That he has been unreasonably and unwarrantably 
 rigorous in some cases, to the great discouragement of the 
 traders of that province, as well as judge of his own court, by 
 having the Queen's third instead of a salary. 
 
 Fifthly. He has been partial in his administration. 1st. He 
 seized a sloop belonging to one Nailor, upon a slight information 
 of foul trade, never proved, as I hear, against her; and though 
 sufficient security was offered him, had her appraised at fifteen 
 pounds, and afterwards hired her himself for Carolina ; and at 
 her return, not only paid no freight, but obliged the poor widow, 
 the owner, to sell her vessel to great loss, to satisfy the afore-
 
 36 PENN AND LOGAN [17OO. 
 
 said appraisement. 2d. I desire Col. Q. may be asked if the 
 Curai^oa vessel, so much talked of, was seized till she was sold 
 by the transgressors to honest men, who were rebuilding of her 
 at her seizing, and the sellers gone out of the province to New 
 York. 3d. If Robert Webb, marshal of the Admiralty, did not 
 first inform against the sloop Callipatch, and yet the owners (or 
 one of them) afterwards admitted for informers to save a third, 
 who had been the greatest transgressors in that trade of the 
 whole river. 4th. His known rigor (presumed for lucre-sake) 
 against the ship Providence, one Lumby, master, that, mis- 
 taking our Capes for those of Virginia, after a distressing pas- 
 sage of five months, having never been on that coast before, 
 was seized by him for want of a register, though the captain and 
 carpenter that helped to build her took their oaths of her being 
 registered, and that two substantial merchants offered, for trade- 
 sake, and in honor to the owners (to them unknown), to be 
 bound in three thousand pounds security, that those concerned 
 should stand the judgment of the high Court of Admiralty in 
 England, if the ship might go her voyage; but were refused and 
 informed against by said Quary for so doing, as enemies to the 
 admiralty jurisdiction. These goods were appraised low at the 
 instance of said Col. Quary or John Moor, advocate, that the 
 owners might come at easy rates, no malice or design of 
 fraud appearing. But after appraisement, two-thirds were sold, 
 the king's one third by Col. Quary, the other by the advocate 
 as informer at rack-values, which is presumed to be seventy, if 
 not cent, per cent., for by a re-appraisement of my one-third, that 
 I declared from the first I would return to the owners, the value 
 of the two-thirds was settled, and that was fifty or sixty per 
 cent, above the first appraisement, and the appraisers offered to 
 take them off with ready money at that rate; which whole storj^ 
 of garbling a fair trading-ship to their private ends, was the dis- 
 honor and is still the suffering of the province in reputation and 
 trade. And it is .suspected that Col. Quary and the advocate 
 went halves in his one-third. However, the overplus was worth 
 above two hundred pounds to them, upon the two-thirds as first 
 appraised. 
 
 Sixthly. That the Queen, I fear, has been unfairly dealt with
 
 1700.] CORRESPONDENCE. 3/ 
 
 in Other appraisements of forfeitures than that of Lumby's, as 
 comparing them with Col. Quary's sales will better appear. 
 
 Note — That Col. Quary and I lived well together, till what 
 follows happened : 
 
 \st. That I did, in obedience to the high Court of Admiralty in 
 England, grant an order to appraise the ship and goods of one 
 Lumby, seized, condemned, and divided by said Quary, and that 
 discovered the abuse of the first appraisement, above fifty per 
 cent., as I take it. 
 
 2dly. That I refused to let him condemn Gillham's goods, taken 
 on several : he sold them at Lewis as forbidden trade, that he 
 might be let in for his one-third, since said Gillham was a 
 pirate. 
 
 '})dly. Because he had heard in Virginia, and also from Eng- 
 land, that I had sent five affidavits home against him, and for 
 that reason he privately sent home the copy of the water-bailiffs' 
 commission as a complaint of an encroachment upon his com- 
 mission of the Admiralty, without giving me a previous notice, 
 according to his promise, that we might have jointly repre- 
 sented that matter to the Lords. But to do him right, when he 
 perceived the story false, and that I had never sent one, he pre- 
 tended to attempt the recovery of that letter from New York, 
 and to go on with me in our former friendly correspondence, 
 till sent for home from thence to throw dirt upon me, the peo- 
 ple, and government of Pennsylvania ; for what end may be 
 easily imagined. 
 
 A Copy of a Second Complaint.^ 
 
 To the Right Honorable the Lords Commissioners for Trade and 
 Foreign Plantations. 
 
 A memorial most humbly presented by Colonel Robert Quary, 
 humbly presenteth, that by several letters received from Penn- 
 sylvania, I have the following account : 
 
 \st. That Anthony Morris, who as a magistrate did give a 
 
 ^[Although this paper belongs to the latter part of 1701, it was 
 thought better to insert it in this place. — Editor.]
 
 38 PENN AND LOGAN [17OO. 
 
 warrant for the taking by force out of her Majesty's stores a 
 parcel of prohibited goods which were under seizure ; of which 
 unlawful act an account being sent home to the governor, Mr. 
 Penn was ordered to turn the said Anthony Morris out of all 
 offices, and prosecute him for the crime. That, in obedience to 
 his late Majesty's commands, and the orders of this honorable 
 Board, Mr. Penn did turn out the said Morris, to answer his 
 turn for the present occasion, but has now restored him again, 
 and made him one of his chief magistrates.^ 
 
 2d. That Mr. Penn hath, in a late charter granted to the 
 people of this city of Philadelphia, given to the sheriffs almost 
 all the power of the Admiralty, even to the Capes of the Bay, 
 under the pretence of water-bailiffs. 
 
 3^. That several vessels being lately seized for breach of the 
 several Acts of Parliament, the government have, in open con- 
 tempt of the admiralty power, brought the information against 
 the said vessels in their courts of common law. 
 
 Ofth. That Mr. Penn has commissioned his kinsman, one 
 Parmiter, to be the attorney-general, who is convicted of felony, 
 perjury, and forgery, as may appear to the Lords from the rec- 
 ords of the city of Bristol. 
 
 ^th. That about three years since there was a dedimus, under 
 the great seal of England, sent to Pennsylvania, empowering 
 Edward Randolph, John Moor, Jasper Yeates, John Hollwel, 
 Edward Chilton, Esqs., and myself, or any one of us, to admin- 
 ister the oaths to all such persons which from time to time 
 should take upon them the government of Pennsylvania, and in 
 case of our death or absence, then the members of the council, 
 together with the principal officers of the customs, had power 
 to administer the said oaths according to law. That the said 
 dedimus was carried to the secretary to have it recorded in his 
 office, and is forcibly detained by the governor of Pennsylvania 
 from the said commissioners, on purpose to prevent them from 
 executing the powers of the said commissions, and thereby 
 persons have assumed the government without being qualified 
 as the law directs. I do humbly propose that your Lordships 
 
 ' [See Colonial Records, i. 575. — Editor.]
 
 I/OI.] CORRESPONDENCE. 39 
 
 will please to order that the dedimus may be delivered to the 
 commissioners unto whom it is directed, that so they may be 
 enabled to obey his Majesty's commands, and answer the ends 
 of the law. 
 
 6tlL. That information hath been given to Col. Hamilton how 
 that the French are settling themselves on the back of Penn- 
 sylvania, about four days' journey from New Castle. That one 
 Lewis Lemoivin, a Frenchman, who has lived many years in 
 Pennsylvania, and traded with the Indians, is run away to them, 
 with two Canada Indians that were sent as spies to view the 
 nakedness of that country. By which means the French will 
 have the full knowledge of the country and its defenceless condi- 
 tion, which makes the inhabitants dread the consequence. 
 
 All of which is humbly offered to your Lordships' considera- 
 tion, by 
 
 Your Lordships' most obedient servant, 
 
 Robert Quaky. 
 
 1701. 
 
 [This was a notable year in the history of the province. The 
 most important events were: \st. The treaty of friendship be- 
 tween the governor and council and the Susquehanna Indians, 
 whereby the continuance of the existing " good will was con- 
 firmed and a lasting peace established, so that the Indians and 
 all the English and other Christian inhabitants of the province 
 should be as one head and one heart, and live in true friendship 
 and amity as one people." 
 
 2d. The unfortunate steps never to be retraced, to effect a 
 separation between the province and the territories, or, as they 
 were commonly called, the three lower counties, now the State 
 of Delaware. 
 
 3^. Penn's departure; for he said to the assembly: "The ene- 
 mies of the prosperity of the province were taking advantage 
 of his absence, and some had attempted by false or unreason- 
 able charges to undermine the government, and thereby the
 
 40 PENN AND LOGAN [l/OI. 
 
 true value of all labor and prosperity; . . . that nothing should 
 be able to alter his love to the country, or his resolution to re- 
 turn and settle his family and posterity in it " — an intention never, 
 alas, to be realized, although he had come with the purpose of 
 making America his permanent abode. He left under the 
 strongest exhibition of good will : hearts were softened, past 
 differences appeared to be forgotten, and a spirit of fraternal 
 friendship lighted up the countenance of friend, and seemed 
 to beam even from that of foe, giving assurance of prolonged 
 peace and prosperity. But this was mainly on the surface — the 
 people were surfeited with liberty, for having been hitherto 
 restrained, they had here sought refuge from that restraint. 
 Freedom had been but a nominal birthright. The weak 
 abounded, the sensible were few in number, and the design- 
 ing and ambitious soon gained a sway which could never be 
 effectually counteracted. — Editor.] 
 
 Isaac Norris to Jeffry Pinnell. 
 
 Philadelphia, dth istmo., 1 700-1. 
 The governor, wife, and daughter well. . . . Their little son^ is 
 a comely, lovely babe, and has much of his father's grace and 
 air, and hope he will not want a good portion of his mother's 
 sweetness, who is a woman extremely well beloved here, ex- 
 emplary in her station, and of an excellent spirit, which adds 
 lustre to her character, and has a great place in the hearts of 
 good people. The governor is our Pater Patrice, and his worth 
 is no new thing to us ; we value him highly, and hope his life 
 will be preserved till all things now on the wheel are settled 
 here to his peace and comfort, and the people's ease and quiet. 
 
 ^ John Penn, son of the Proprietor by his second wife, was born 
 shortly after the arrival of his parents in Pennsylvania, as I find by the 
 following extract of a letter. — L. 
 
 ''(Third-day), ^ist iimo., 1699. 
 
 *' Our governor has a son born last First-day night, and all like to 
 do well."
 
 lyOI.] CORRESPONDENCE. 4I 
 
 Isaac Norris to Samuel Chew.' 
 
 i^th 2d mo., 1 701. 
 .... The probability of war I perceive is great, and we 
 have it from Boston that it is already proclaimed : they say it 
 comes from Virginia, but this wants confirmation, and I hope 
 ever will, war being a sore evil upon any nation, and I believe 
 not very acceptable to ours at this juncture. The old sores seem 
 yet unhealed, and I believe all good men have reason to dread 
 the consequences of a fresh raking into them. My soul loves 
 and desires peace, and I pray that God will continue it to the 
 peaceable, amidst all the turmoils that are in the world. Our 
 governor 's gone out of town, to meet with the chieftains of the 
 Indians 
 
 William Penn to James Logan.' 
 
 S. Galloway's, nth /\th mo., 1701. 
 All is well through mercy, and poor Grace has borne her 
 affliction to admiration. Pray be careful in my Manor matters, 
 and take information of the bearer, John Buckley, about I. 
 Grutt's base shiftings, and other discoveries, especially about 
 my Manors. Farewell. Thy friend, W. Penn. 
 
 » [From the Norris MSS. 
 
 War against France and Spain was formally declared May 4, 
 1702. — Editor.] 
 
 ■^ I think it probable that the first paragraph alludes to the death of 
 David Lloyd's only child, a promising little boy of seven or eight 
 years of age, whose death, in his mother's absence, was occasioned by 
 a relation, in whose care he was left, putting him, as a punishment for 
 some juvenile offence, into a closet in the cellar, where his terror oc- 
 casioned him to fall into fits, which terminated his existence. 
 
 In old age, his mother, mentioning this unhappy event to mine, ob- 
 served that it was the utmost stretch of her Christian principles to for- 
 give the perpetrator of it. William Penn, in a letter written some years 
 after this, mentions in a feeling manner the sore trial which it must 
 have been to the parents, and seems to wonder that the father could 
 retain unkind views and sinister practices after having gone through it. 
 David Lloyd was not related to Thomas Lloyd, but being both Friends, 
 and fellow-countrymen, he had called the child after the excellent first 
 President of Pennsylvania, and he was buried in the ground in Arch
 
 42 PENN AND LOGAN [l/OI. 
 
 Hannah Penn to James Logan. 
 
 Pennsbury, [no i/a/e-l 
 The bearer brings Jack word that his wife Parthenia is sold to 
 Barbadoes, which makes him desire to return; but I am loath to 
 let him go, because our washing approaches, but I should be 
 glad to have a right information, and how long it will be ere 
 she goes ? If there were time for it, and I were fully satisfied 
 of her honesty, I should be willing to have her up by the boat 
 to help about washing; but I am in a little doubt concerning her, 
 having lost more wearing linen since in that town than in 
 .all the years of my life before. I cannot charge her with it, but 
 I desire thou 'It send for Betty Webb, and press her to give her 
 inward thoughts about her, and act accordingly. Let her (E. 
 Webb) look into the store-room for a parcel of clean white cur- 
 tains, and send them carefully ; also a pair of pewter candle- 
 sticks, old fashion, that came from hence to be mended ; and a 
 little more oil from Ann Parson's for my husband's leg; it is in a 
 fine way of doing well. Pray give Ann my kind love; I should be 
 very glad to see her here, to see her boy, who thrives every day 
 now ; and we are all, through mercy, well. Send up about ten yards 
 
 Street, among the descendants of Thomas Lloyd. David Lloyd was 
 born in 1656, in the parish of Manavan, in the county of Montgomery, 
 North Wales ; he came to this country in July, 1686, in the ship Amity, 
 from London. 
 
 Grace Lloyd was of the family of Growdon, in the county of Bucks, 
 Pennsylvania, a very fine woman, of great piety, good sense, excellent 
 conduct, and engaging manners. She was deservedly esteemed by all, 
 survived her husband many years, and continued to live in the house 
 he built near Chester, and lies buried by him in Friends' graveyard, 
 where a small stone designates the resting-place of each. On that of the 
 judge is inscribed: " Here lyeth the body of David Lloyd, who de- 
 parted this life the 6th day of the 2d month, Anno Domini 1731, 
 aged 78 years." — L. 
 
 [Mrs. Logan was probably indebted for the date of Lloyd's coming 
 into the province to the ^^ Registry of Arrivals, ^^ which states it to 
 have been on the 15th of 5th month, 1686, and that he was born in 
 the parish of Manavan, erroneously written, however, for Manaron, in 
 the year 1656. The Registry and the inscription on his tombstone do 
 not therefore agree. His wife, the Registry states, was Sarah Lloyd, 
 born in Cirencester, Gloucestershire, England. Sarah afterward died, 
 and he married, secondly, Grace Growdon. — Editor.]
 
 17OI.] CORRESPONDENCE. 43 
 
 of frieze for servants, of that sort that wants using most, and 
 some four or six blue shirts if there. We want a dozen of 
 Madeira wine, which thou mayst send for G. Emlen or some 
 other to help draw it. As to the oil John spoke of, we had it 
 there, but did not know of it, not having opened the chest in 
 which it was. The glasses from R. Hill came safely and ac- 
 ceptably to my hand. P. England mistook my husband about 
 licenses : he only spoke of an ill red house near the Centre, which 
 he was unwilling to grant a license to. As to her that lives in S. 
 Atkins's house, for the same reason, or worse; though he thinks 
 they should not be fined for wanting them, because they had an 
 expectation given of having them, and are only refused for 
 faults since committed. 
 
 Our love to Edward Singleton : we are glad to hear he has 
 got abroad. Our love to thee, and friends. 
 
 Thy friend, H. P. 
 
 P. S. — Let Robert call at Cousin Asheton's for things she has 
 of mine, and a paper or two of smallest pins. 
 
 Isaac Norris to Daniel Zachary. 
 
 Philadelphia, 21st ^th mo., 1701. 
 I am just come home from Susquehanna, where I have been 
 to meet the governor; we had a roundabout journey, having 
 pretty well traversed the wilderness. We lived nobly at the 
 king's palace in Conestogoa, and from thence crossed it to Scool- 
 kill, where we fell in about thirty miles up from hence. 
 
 William Penn to James Logan. 
 
 Pennsbury, 30/// j\th mo., 1701. 
 I forgot a material point — the last Indian instrument from 
 the Conestogo Indians — which I must have, or a copy, before I 
 can answer Col. Blackiston's letter; a false story firing two or 
 three of their foolish people of our inviting the Piscataways 
 from Maryland, instead of their seeking to us : but Governor
 
 44 PENN AND I.OGAN [l/OI. 
 
 Blackiston would not believe it. Fail not, therefore, to send it 
 to Samuel Jennings for me with speed, who will be with me ; or 
 send it by Go\^ Hamilton, who dines with me on Fourth-day. 
 Also thy sentiments by Judge Guest, who comes up to-morrow 
 to Burlington, in order to be here with Gov. Hamilton, by 
 whom thou mayst send the deed directly. Get us a third 
 of a good pipe of Madeira for our own use. We are, through 
 mercy, well — the maids better. 
 
 Be vigorous about my property matters, and tell R. Hallowell 
 I take it ill he keeps the letter to Lewis about the king's^ . . , 
 so long, and never sent it ! He may chance to hear of it un- 
 pleasantly. Vale. Wm. Penn. 
 
 Send up the parlor bell, three or four stock-locks, three or 
 four pounds of nails, from four to ten penny. 
 
 My husband is willing R. R. should have six on Thomas 
 Grey's account, he giving bond for the remainder due on excise. 
 
 H. P. 
 
 William Penn to James Logan.^ 
 
 Philadelphia, First-day (13M 5/A mo., 1701.) 
 I am sorry the time of my coming to town is that of thy going 
 and absence, when it is of such moment that thou hadst been here 
 when I came to town, both with respect to York and Maryland 
 affairs, as they regard us. The king's letters, the assembly, if 
 sit or not, a lieutenant-governor, as well as the excise, and tax, 
 which this one county pays one-half of — of more moment to 
 me than thy presence yonder by far. I know not what service 
 thy stay here was of, where, against promise to them below, 
 thou hast thought fit to remain ten or twelve days, if not more, 
 beyond mine as well as their expectation. I cannot easily 
 comprehend it, since nothing was actually done either about 
 excise or rents here, and nobody yet come from Maryland that 
 required shipping any flour : nay, T. Masters was let loose by 
 thee from what he offered me in case the sloop comes, which 
 
 ^ Here a word is wanting ; perhaps it is " letters." — L. 
 * Superscribed : ' ' With speed and care. " — L.
 
 IJOI.] CORRESPONDENCE. 45 
 
 the Friends there promised before now to be here; so that I was 
 forced to re-engage him for seven ton, if not ten ton. This is 
 the face things have to me. 
 
 Fcr the non-payers of excise, I think I have overcome it, but 
 will not say I have done as much as thou promised to do to 
 Perry. W. P. 
 
 William Penn to James Logan. 
 
 i^th ^th mo., 1 701. 
 
 I have wanted thee for a proclamation for the sitting of the 
 assembly, at the time to consider of the king's letters, etc., that 
 we may not prorogue again, when we should call or hasten the 
 sitting of an assembly, as well as divers other things of 
 moment — N. Puckle going so soon, with whom I would 
 have sent something — tobacco, twenty hogsheads or forty, if I 
 could have called out so many good ones of bright tobacco. 
 In short, pray dispatch and be here by this day or to-morrow 
 week. For the bank there, get it as here, if can, or leave it to the 
 assembly time for me to talk over with them. Judge Guest is 
 this day admitted of the council. Governor Hamilton in town: 
 nothing yet done conclusive, nor shall, till the assembly is over, 
 I think. Remember to get what thou canst in wheat and flour 
 to comply with the Friends of Maryland for bills — this to thy- 
 self; also the money of the tax lies at Chester, with Andrew 
 Job there, these two or three months, which wants to be re- 
 ceived. 
 
 I admire how thou couldst stay so long here when nothing 
 required it, and nothing is done : take this repetition well, for I 
 am heartily touched : we thus take our turns to be absent. And 
 am, Thy loving friend, W. Penn. 
 
 P. S. — For the rent thou writ of, I think tzuo bushels of one 
 hundred acres is reasonable, my Manors to submit to manor 
 royalty. 
 
 P. Rob ^ will deliver thee the records. Pray hear his caution, 
 and D. Lloyd's, and see if a medium can be found. 
 
 'Patrick Robinson. There was also Peter Robinson, one of the 
 old settlers in Philadelphia county. See the old map by Thornton
 
 46 PENN AND LOGAN [l/OI. 
 
 For T. Pearson, engage him per day, or a certain salary, and 
 take the best way and do what is most beneficial. What if I 
 had twelve pence per foot front to low-water mark forever, so 
 every hundred foot front would make five pounds per annum 
 more, if thou canst. 
 
 Thomas Fairman ^ comes with this to clear himself, and to do 
 what he can in reason for my service. Vale. 
 
 William Penn to James Logan. 
 
 Pennsbury, \']th ^th mo., 1701. 
 
 The master is come, and wants twenty ton of flour and 
 
 bread, and I want thee. J. Saunders is gone with him to town ; 
 
 but before I can up any, I would know what thou hast for me 
 
 elsewhere, as at Newcastle or Chester.^ Things happen cross 
 
 & Greene. — L. [We are aware of no "map by Thornton and Greene," 
 and an inquiry made by us of the librarian of the British Museum, 
 which is in possession of a large collection of the maps of this country, 
 does not confirm the existence of any such map. Upon the corner of 
 that by Thomas Holmes we find it stated that it was '' sold by Thorn- 
 ion &^ Greene, of London,'" which may show that Mrs. Logan probably 
 referred to the map by Holmes. — Editor.] 
 
 ^ Thomas Fairman was a surveyor. — L. [See, as to T. F. , letter of 
 30th 5th mo., 1 701, and the note to same. — Editor.] 
 
 * Chester was at that time considered a place of some consequence. 
 A large old building called the Granary, and a bake-house for the sup- 
 ply of shipping, are still [in 181 7] standing, though long in disuse. There 
 was also a large dwelling-house, called by the inhabitants "the double 
 house," the property of the ^^ Sander lins,'^* a Swedish family settled 
 at Chester before the arrival of Wm. Penn, which, being built with 
 lime made of oyster-shells, became ruinous, and fell down many years 
 since, which was also the fate, i"rom the same cause, of a large house 
 of very early date in Front Street, Philadelphia, built by Richard Whit- 
 paine, and which in 1705 was complained of to the court as dangerous 
 to others in the neighborhood. The house in Chester was that in 
 which the first assembly for the province and territories was held. — L. 
 
 * [James Sandelands was from Scotland, not Sweden ; his wife, however, was 
 of Swedish descent. It is stated somewhere in the " Breviat^'' Penn vs. Lord Balti- 
 more, that the Proprietor would have established his capital city at Upland, now 
 called Chester, could he have come to terms with Sandelands about the purchase of 
 land ; but we incline to believe a weightier reason changed his purpose, which was 
 the uncertainty of his boundary line. For some account of Sandelands, see note 
 by the editor to " Record of Upland Court," p. 167 ; Memoirs of Historical Society 
 of Pennsylvania, vol. vii. — Editor.]
 
 IJOI.] CORRESPONDENCE. 47 
 
 at this juncture by thy absence, we see. All, through mercy, 
 well, only my broken shin. 
 
 If thou wast here, poor Tishe^ might have one bill home for 
 Charles Read's pay, he or his money supplying with some of 
 the flour now needed. Vale. Wm, Penn. 
 
 William Penn to James Logan. 
 
 Pennsbury, 2^d <,th mo., 1701. 
 I was for trying yesterday to have come to town, but was 
 feverish, and a cold upon me, besides an ill shin. To-day my 
 cold is worse than yesterday, and have had a restless, feverish 
 night, so that I am doubtful I shall not come this afternoon; 
 and if so, intend a good sweat to-night, and to-morrow by land 
 or water to undertake my journey. My daughter^ was ill yes- 
 terday with fever and cold, but has had a good night, and is 
 better. John should return as soon as he well can. I sent by my 
 wife the . . . .^ Let a warrant be prepared for Wm. Clayton, 
 for five hundred acres, against I come down. No more at pres- 
 ent, but my love to friends. 
 
 Thy friend, Wm. Penn. 
 
 William Penn to James Logan. 
 
 Pennsbury, 7,0th ^th mo., 1701. 
 I have thine by Thomas Fairman.* I can only say that I will 
 be certain in my own right, and that he shall. I intend him 
 
 ^ Letitia, the Proprietor's daughter by his first wife. — L. 
 
 '■' Letitia, his only living daughter, by Gulielma Maria Springett, his 
 first wife, and who at this time was with her father in America. — L. 
 
 ' [Illegible. — Editor.] 
 
 * James Logan expressed the following opinion of this person in a 
 letter written a few years after this period : "I have not yet discovered 
 Thomas Fairman about those great tracts of land. Thou.fully knows my 
 opinion of the man, and time does not alter it. His letter, perhaps, 
 may be of service to thee, but there is no dependence upon him." — L. 
 [Penn as well as Logan, of course, felt that they had full justifica- 
 tion for these charges against Thomas Fairman, yet it is not improb-
 
 48 PENN AND LOGAN [j/OI. 
 
 the island under some moderate conditions, as mowing for 
 my own use, and having some hogs on it with him, till it be 
 drained or improved, of which more when in town, so that I am 
 content to oblige him; but remember that I ask thee a question 
 about the letter he writ thee when I come to town. I would 
 have him to be a commissioner of property with brother Pen- 
 nington ^ and thyself, could brother Pennington digest it, and so 
 leave you to do all, and set once a week to do all that is re- 
 quisite to raise money and secure lands. Let the council not 
 expect me till two or three (in) the afternoon, in case they 
 meet at nine. For Judge Guest, I know not what to say to the 
 extraordinary commission. Methinks, if he be first named in a 
 general [way at] large, it would give less exception ; yet upon 
 the notice of being the only lawyer of them, may excuse a larger 
 commission ; but more of this in town. Pray don't hurt him 
 by an appearance of neglect, less of slight, since I am determined 
 to try him, and let him be on his own merits. Vale. 
 
 Wm. Penn. 
 Let my cousin Markham have the enclosed, and do thou de- 
 mand of him all books, papers, commission and instructions, 
 and whatever to the office of property did belong, for the half is 
 not in my hands. Get in, I say again, from my cousin Mark- 
 ham, also S. Carpenter, J. Guest or Francis Rawle, and J. Good- 
 son, all papers relating to property. 
 
 able they may have been mistaken. There are circumstances which, if 
 unexplained, may affect the record of any individual engaged in public 
 service. The good old saying, that one side is entitled to credit until 
 the other is heard, has so fair an aspect that we constantly cite it, 
 although we rarely put it into practice ; yet as relates to charges long 
 since made, how often does it happen, from the loss of contemporary 
 evidence, that but one side only is heard. It was, therefore, with 
 pleasure, that, from the papers collected by the late Mr. George M. 
 Justice, kindly placed at our disposal by his son, Mr. Philip S. Justice, 
 we obtained the letter to be found upon the next page. — Editor.] 
 
 ' Son of Isaac Pennington, a celebrated minister in the Society of 
 Friends, and of Mary Springett, widow of Sir W. Springett, and mother 
 of Gulielma Maria, the Proprietor's first wife. He was surveyor- 
 general, but died of the small-pox shortly after Wm. Penn left Penn- 
 sylvania. — L.
 
 I^OI.] CORRESPONDENCE. 49 
 
 Thomas Fairman to William Penn. 
 
 Governor: — Enclosed is what I promised for the first part, 
 considering I have above six thousand acres of land of my own 
 yet to take up, and much more for my friends, I must conclude 
 myself a fool, a friend, or a self-denying man, and to which I 
 might add a k, had I not had some private instructions from 
 Tho. Cox, and other of thy good friends my master; never- 
 theless they shall have land worth their money, with as much 
 favor to the Proprietor as honestly it can be. The Proprietor 
 may confide in my having ever (without reward) preferred his 
 interest, and dare challenge the whole country to manifest the 
 contrary. I confess I have took it a little hardly that strangers 
 less capable have been preferred to offices of profit, and myself 
 overlooked. 
 
 I can say, since I came from England, I have never had in all 
 the value of forty shillings for any surveys or other business 
 done whatsoever, and I am sure the account of my house and 
 expense stands little above one hundred and forty pounds since 
 my arrival, besides what my plantation hath brought in ; and I 
 will never survey for one-half, and were I surveyor-general my- 
 self, I should be charged with oppression to allow my deputy 
 less than two-thirds of the survey wages : there wants but a 
 word from my mouth and he would hardly find a deputy in the 
 province; besides, my circumstances are not as theirs; my 
 knowledge in the three counties exceeding ; besides, above six- 
 teen years ago, at my own charge for hands, horses, and pro- 
 visions, I laid out many manors for the Proprietor, and never 
 had a penny consideration ; and also, besides all that, the Pro- 
 prietor may remember how I have been as his boy, as I may 
 say at a whistle, viz. : go show this and that man, such and the 
 other piece of land, riding my own horse and sometimes two, — 
 one for the person to be showed. But this is all passed: I men- 
 tion it to show the difference, and much more I could say, of my 
 service at Governor Markham's first arrival, and my unprofitable 
 travels with Thomas Holme, beside my business, who at last 
 died my debtor as per account one hundred and forty-seven 
 pounds, of which I never had a penny. 
 
 VOL. I.— 5
 
 so PENN AND LOGAN [17OI. 
 
 If I had beea a selfish man as Jo. Goodson would represent 
 me, I might have had a fine house at least in the country, since 
 I have neither house or lot in town. Pray, governor, excuse 
 me; methinks I see myself angry, but I know not with whom, and 
 therefore I think I must close. 
 
 Governor, accept my endeavors in computing and valuing 
 those lands. I am sure I am not under for quantity, nor over 
 for intrinsic value; and as for the bank lots, 'tis but an essay. I 
 presume I have undervalued them, because the purchase is not 
 eighteen shillings per foot, and I should think twenty shillings 
 or more will be given. So with my service I take leave, who 
 am thy friend, Tho. Fairman. 
 
 William Penn to James Logan. 
 
 Pennsbury, dthmo., 1701. 
 Send us up for cider ^ what barrels thou canst get in town, by 
 the very first opportunity. I mean such as are sweet, and have 
 had cider in them — they will be cheapest; also an empty pipe 
 or two to put the mash of the apples in, being sawn asunder. 
 I here enclose this honest, but weak, man's paper. I think I 
 have convinced him that I am one of the poorest men in the 
 government, and that my sin has been neglect of myself, and 
 not selfishness, and therefore ought, and must, make the best 
 of everything. It seems he has much stony and poor moun- 
 tainous lands, and he thinks two bushels a hundred acres' an 
 oppression. I told him I must have but one weight and scale ; 
 he says there are two, and some say but one (bushel) by patents 
 from the commissioners under me. I referred it to thee, and told 
 him and did believe thou wouldst be just and reasonable. Quiet 
 him all thou canst, and haste down again. Ask him what 
 Joseph Growdon told him, and what the people below say, 
 
 * Retired into the country and busied in rural concerns, the name 
 of William Penn may be added to the list of those illustrious characters 
 who have found solace from the cares of state in such employments, 
 and which the accomplished Xenophon thought was the only recrea- 
 tion worthy of persons of high stations. — L. 
 
 * Quit-rents. — L.
 
 I/OI.] CORRESPONDENCE. 51 
 
 though of little moment. I think we will send in a day or two 
 for the casks. S. Holt may help us to them cheaper. Vale. 
 
 W. P. 
 
 On the outside of this letter is the following postscript : ' He 
 tells me of the hard circumstances of one James Davis, hear it." 
 
 William Penn to James Logan. 
 
 Pennsbury, 13/// 6fh mo., 1701. 
 
 Forget not to provide some larget vessels for the keeping of 
 cider than barrels: 4 barrels and 4 hogsheads will do, and if no 
 hogsheads, then two pipes, one at least. Remember that in 2 
 of my letters to the Lords of Trade, I promised the laws by the 
 first. ship that goes hence; so that I shall be under a necessity 
 of sending some, and, indeed excepting those that alienate my 
 fines, and that of property as it stands, the generality may go as 
 they are ; for this I must stop N. P.,^ if it be for a week. Pray 
 get them transcribed by good hands with all speed. I send 
 John Saunders to be helpful, and I desire cousin Asheton to 
 assist. It is thy business, for it was P. Rob,^ and he did it. I 
 have marked his old roll copy which I lent my cousin Asheton, 
 either what were by me presented when at London, or what 
 were left out of the old laws. The nature of those marked will 
 declare which they were ; pray look into them ; I did it with a 
 black-lead pencil. I wish to have them for my own satisfac- 
 tion. Send me per first opportunity what N. P. says as to his 
 going, and dispatch the laws. I would pay cousin Asheton or 
 brother Pennington if would undertake it. 
 
 J. Saunders writes well too, though may not be so fast ; let 
 them be writ, especially the long ones, in single sheets or 
 papers. I wrote yesterday per Oliver Matthews, of Newcastle 
 county, but this comes first I suppose; pray mind the contents 
 of it. I purpose to be in town Seventh or Second day, according 
 as I hear of N. Puckle. Farewell. W. P. 
 
 ' Nathaniel Puckle, a captain in the "Bristol Trader." — L. 
 * Patrick Robinson. — L.
 
 52 PENN AND LOGAN [17OI. 
 
 David Lloyd makes a probable motion to me, which hear and 
 consider. 
 
 Isaac Norris to Philip Ford.^ 
 
 20th of 6th mo. , 1 70 1 . 
 This comes per thy son, who returns per Puckle. I hope he will 
 get safe home every way as well to your satisfaction as he came 
 out : his character here is sober, and I hope the air of America 
 will be no disadvantage to him. I must say he has carried 
 himself with that good-nature and discretion in the family, that 
 he has made his company very easy and pleasant to us, the lit- 
 tle time he has been with us. I have no knowledge of his busi- 
 ness, but hope he has managed as wisely as closely. I wish 
 his prosperity every way, and that his years to come may yet 
 increase thy comfort in him 
 
 William Penn to James Logan. 
 
 Pennsbury, 6th 7^r., 1701. 
 
 Prepare duplicates to go by Edward Shippen's ship, of what 
 went last. I have writ to Lord Romney, and send it now to be 
 copied. Remember to mention that received from the Lords of 
 Trade, received since the other was writ in the duplicate of mine 
 to them, with an account of the date of theirs, and that of its 
 arrival. The Lords' letter is 15th April, 1701 ; the king's, 19th 
 January, 1700, which I take to be a duplicate to me; but I cannot 
 understand what they mean about proceedings in courts upon 
 directions from the Lords Justices, which I cannot comprehend, 
 for none I have but that about appeals. Our law makes no 
 saving for them, though confirmed so by the king; a good argu- 
 ment to alter it before I go. 
 
 I hope J. Guest and T. Story are diligent therein, as also 
 about the rest we left out for amendments. 
 
 ' [From the Norris MSS. — Editor.] 
 
 [The writer, as will be seen hereafter, changed his opinion of this 
 young man, the object of whose visit to Pennsylvania had reference to 
 the claim of the father against Penn. — Editor.]
 
 I70I.] CORRESPONDENCE. S3 
 
 I wish somewhat could be done, before I go, in the New- 
 castle affairs ; 't is to me material also to account with S. Jen- 
 nings, to whom it were fit thou writest on that head ; I admire 
 he delays it thus, but I confess I shall do little in some such 
 matters till I see how things go with me on the other side. 
 As to the rest, if hard, I must expect my right to the full. I 
 have drawn up more of my memorial, in which I include that of 
 the people with my own interest. 
 
 I would have the Wicaco business prepared for me against 
 my return to town. Mind it. I am sorry thou hast not sent 
 my New York letters, that I might have writ the needful. Was 
 mine to Walter Clark enclosed and sent last post, as I desired ? 
 What is done at court; and has it adjourned? No more now 
 than that we are well. Thy real friend, Wm. Penn. 
 
 Visit Cap. Finney in my name. I think to be in town Fourth or 
 Fifth day. Ply David Lloyd discreetly ; dispose him to a pro- 
 prietary plan, and the privileges requisite for the people's and 
 Friends' security. I had rather the lower counties began with 
 me than I with them, else care not to hold the assembly of the 
 province. 
 
 William Penn to James Logan. 
 
 Pennsbury, Ztk ibr., 1701. 
 The necessity of my going makes it absolutely necessary for 
 me to have a supply, and though I think a ^1,000 should be forth- 
 with raised, by Friends at least, to help me, yet, while land 
 is high and valuable, I am willing to dispose of many good 
 patches that else I should have chosen to have kept as every- 
 body's money. To set about this, I desire T. Fairman and E. 
 P. to come to me hither. I have opened my mind therein to 
 them, and they have assured me that they will forthwith, a week 
 now being more than six months another season. They will 
 communicate to thee all they know and remember, and endeavor 
 to find out what customers they can, and acquaint thee of the 
 value to set on the premises, in order to immediate supplies. 
 The present Welsh from England are divers of them rich, and
 
 54 PENN AND LOGAN [l/OI. 
 
 will want quantities, and T. Fairman undertakes to accommo- 
 date them handsomely. Lose not the opportunity. D. P. can 
 go among them, to prevent others, and direct them to thee ; and 
 for quantities, none else can spare them, unless S. Carpenter^ 
 should sell his or part of his 5,000 acres, which I am apt to 
 think he will not do. This highly concerns me ; wherefore, 
 lose no time. They tell me what David Lloyd has declared as 
 to my powers in proprietary matters, by which I perceive it is 
 public. Let him know my mind, occasionally, in company of 
 S. Carpenter, &c. Now or never; and. while he is on the draught 
 of that scheme, follow thou my particular affairs with all pos- 
 sible vigilance and expedition ; though how to return it I know 
 not, unless in bills upon dollars sent to Maryland; and that way, 
 I hope, I may be helped. If thou takest in brother Pennington 
 to assist, it may do well ; but all under present secrecy, not to 
 be known, lest it stop others from a full and due provision. 
 The iron is now hot ; therefore strike. I fear, as mine by T. 
 Eberden, to-day, too many, or more than two, going with me, 
 will augment the charge, and so lessen my proportion of sup- 
 ply. Who can I take, that would go, that might be ministerial 
 to me? Caleb Pusey, if he could write well, has the best drudg- 
 ing sense, and would be observant. If some go, they may, if 
 not governable by me, act secretly, to my clogging, and in a 
 way of distrust which would obstruct my treaty and negotiation. 
 This is a conjecture at large. I will say no more of this now — 
 only this : that those who would stay me for their own ends, 
 may go for them, too ; though I have enough to shame them 
 there and everywhere else. Think of it sedately. 
 
 Thy amendments of the Bill of Property deliberate upon, for 
 that is a cardinal point with me, to be sure ; and Nicholas Wain 
 and Anthony Morris should be treated with upon that head. 
 Joseph Growdon, and J. Swift, who had the first choice, and 
 would not serve without J. Growdon, but against them all ; of 
 lOG freeholders, there were but 31 present — an ill precedent for 
 elections, and which I could regret, for many here are troubled 
 
 ^ This tract was in Philadelphia county, adjoining the manor of 
 Morelands. (See old map.) — L.
 
 I/OI.] CORRESPONDENCE. 55 
 
 at it, and have so declared themselves to me. I think to stay 
 over their court, which will be next Fourth-day. Poor Phineas 
 is a dying man, and was not at the election, though he crept, as 
 I may say, to meeting, yesterday. I am grieved at it, for he 
 has not his fellow, and without him, this is a poor country 
 indeed. 
 
 I cannot prevail on my wife to stay, and still less with Fisher. 
 I know not what to do. Samuel Carpenter seems to excuse her 
 in it; but, to all that speak of it, say I shall have no need to 
 stay, and a great interest to return ; all that I have to dispose 
 of in this world is here,^ for daughter and son, and all the issue 
 which this wife is like to bring me, and that having no more 
 gains by government to trust to for bread, I must come to sell, 
 pay debts, and live, and lay up for this posterity, as well as that 
 they may see that my inclinations run strongly to a country and 
 proprietary life, which then I shall be at liberty to follow, to- 
 gether with her promise to return whenever I am ready to 
 return. I confess this is one of the greatest arguments for some 
 Friends of note going with us — to bring us back again; else 
 they can do but little there, and their expense may better 
 help me. 
 
 We want a little good Madeira wine, and some of the last 
 white wine, if thou canst hit upon it. I am troubled at Judge 
 Guest's heat to Samuel Carpenter — in a judge it is scandalous. 
 Try to cool him. His being so indiscreet is his great fault. 
 Fifth or Sixth day, expect me. Methinks Captain Finney might 
 help us with English pay, and Thomas Fairman and cousin 
 Asheton should try to get him to b»uy off some tracts and 
 patches ; and, indeed, it is his own interest as well as my con- 
 venience. I shall say no more ; only let it be a measure fixed, 
 that proprietor and freeholders can have but one interest, and 
 that jealousies, as in England, are injurious and unreasonable. 
 The ass in the fable, and the dog likewise. Vale. 
 
 Wm. Penn. 
 
 ^ His Irish, and perhaps other, estates were entailed on his eldest 
 son, William, then in England. — L,
 
 56 PENN AND LOGAN [l/OI. 
 
 P. S. — My leather stockings^ are at Christopher's, or at T. 
 E.'s, or in the house ; send them, pray. 
 
 William Penn to James Logan. 
 
 Pennsbury, Sth ']br., 1 70 1. 
 
 I intend to go in the "Messenger," and as soon as may be 
 after the assembly is up. Samuel Carpenter, Isaac Norris, Caleb 
 Pusey, and Samuel Jennings — Samuel Carpenter and myself 
 have talked of about going with me. Will it not devour what 
 they should allow me, and signify nothing on t'other side, as to 
 the bargain ? For no man living can defend us or bargain for us 
 better than myself ^Men that can be witnesses may do well. S. C, 
 T. S., and H. Ro. agree as to proprietary powers and courts. Push 
 that preparation by patent or bill, and remember that the law of 
 courts has no saving upon appeals, as against the laws of England. 
 
 Let John bring up my other hair-trunk, my leather stockings, 
 twelve bottles of Madeira wine, and as many of the new white 
 wine, or six apiece. 
 
 B. Cool posts me over on diverse accounts, though my own 
 chiefly, but his letters are a month older than Guy's. 
 
 If Cap. Finney would buy some near patches, and one of 
 Fisher's lots before otherwise engaged, Thomas Fairman would 
 be of use then to inform him, and might serve him; two or three 
 more of such men would do well to balance the other party. 
 I would have thee to get well with him, and the Independent 
 priest also, for he is yet«iway, and bears Dissenters. 
 
 A runnel of ale from Philadelphia or Burlington should be 
 brought us : we make our own small-beer. I think to be in 
 town Fifth or Sixth day. Phineas' is very weak, more like to 
 go than to remain. Vale. Wm. P. 
 
 * An old woman, at Chester, who could remember seeing the Lord 
 Cornbury at that place, and observing him with particular attention 
 because he was the queen's cousin and a lord, could find no differ- 
 ence between him and those she had been accustomed to see, but that 
 he wore leather stockings. They were, probably, an ugly variety. — L. 
 ' [These passages are obscure ; something has been omitted in the 
 manuscript. — Editor. ] 
 ^ Phineas Pemberton : he died soon after theProprietor's departure. — L.
 
 I/OI.] CORRESPONDENCE. 57 
 
 Tell R. Janney the young man can neither plough nor mo^v, 
 but has been mostly used to driving, is ready and good-natured, 
 but swears. The young woman we should be glad to harve. if 
 possible, but think the young man not so fit. 
 
 Isaac Norris to Daniel Zachary.^ 
 
 2(}th of 'jth mo., 1 701. 
 .... Our assembly still sits, and my time almost taken up, 
 that I am quite weary of state affairs. Judge Guest is made 
 our chief judge, upon which Judge Growdon would not act as 
 his inferior. Caleb Pusey is in, and what is the wonder of us all, 
 Thomas Masters has, without taking his degree of a justice, 
 leaped at once to be one of the five judges 
 
 Isaac Norris to Daniel Zachary, of Boston. 
 
 Philadelphia, ^d?>thmo., 1701. 
 Our assembly still sits, and little done ; for the Philistines be 
 upon us still. They are now worse than ever, believing them- 
 selves cock-sure of the government change. Their endeavors 
 are (I mean the lower county members and our malcontents 
 here) to leave us, if possible, without laws or liberties — oppose 
 anything that we offer for our settlement. Our governor is 
 much grieved at this parting carriage of the people, and highly 
 resents an address made to the assembly, and from them recom- 
 mended to him. I know not how things will end, but at pres- 
 ent they have a very ill visage. 
 
 Isaac Norris to Jeffry Pinnell. 
 
 Philadelphia, 27/A Zbr., 1701. 
 This comes by our proprietor and governor, Penn, who, with 
 his family, are undertaking this hazardous voyage at too hard a 
 
 » [Norris MSS.— Editor.]
 
 58 PENN AND LOGAN [l/OI. 
 
 season. I earnestly desire and pray for their preservation and 
 safety — him we shall want. The unhappy misunderstandings 
 in some, and unwarrantable opposition in others, have been a 
 block to our plenary comforts in him, and his own quiet; but 
 these things are externals only. Our communion in the church 
 sweetens all, and our inward waitings and worships together 
 have often been a general comfort and consolation ; and in this I 
 take a degree of satisfaction, after all, that we part in love ; and 
 some of his last words, in our meeting yesterday, were, " That 
 he looked over all infirmities and outivards, and had an eye to the 
 regions of spirits, wherein was our surest tie ; " and, in true love, 
 there he took his leave of us. His excellent wife — and she is 
 beloved by all, I believe I may say in its full extent ; so is her 
 leaving us heavy, and of real sorrow to her friends — she has 
 carried under and through all with a wonderful evenness, humil- 
 ity, and freedom ; her sweetness and goodness have become her 
 character, and are, I believe, extraordinary. In short, we love 
 her, and she deserves it. I hope what I have said is to thee only ; 
 I request this to avoid a thought I would not give room for, 
 since they are going home, but otherwise am proud (if I may 
 so term it) to express my opinion, love, and affection of and to 
 them anywhere. 
 
 The Proprietor's Agreement about the Charter for the 
 Lower Counties. 
 
 Newcastle, ^i^stZbr., 1701. 
 
 Because my time has been very short, and many matters of 
 moment crowding at once upon me, I have not been able to 
 digest and thoroughly consider the Charter of Property in all 
 the branches of it, especially in point of courts, and powers 
 therein expressed. I have thought fit, for a common safety, to 
 forbear the complete passing of the same, until I see the state 
 of affairs at home. 
 
 2dly. Because the lower counties are not included ; and, till 
 they either are included, or have a charter for their properties 
 also, I cannot safely do it. 
 
 3^/7. I shall, in the compass of 6 months, order the passing
 
 I70I.] CORRESPONDENCE. 59 
 
 of the said charter, under the Great Seal, if God give me life, 
 unless affairs at home require us to change measures for the 
 general good. 
 
 ^thly. I do hereby declare, grant, and confirm the first part, 
 relating strictly to titles of lands, as amply to be of force as if I 
 executed the same, and only decline that of powers from neces- 
 sary caution for a common safety. 
 
 Wherefore I do hereby order that my honored friend. Gov- 
 ernor Hamilton, keep the said draft in his custody, signed by 
 me, unsealed, till he hears from me ; and if he hears not from 
 me to the contrary, or my heirs, in 6 months' time, that then he 
 suffer it to pass under the seal, and not otherwise; hereby prom- 
 ising to all concerned that that, or such an instrument in the 
 substance thereof as counsel learned in the law in England 
 shall advise to be safe for me and the people to pass, shall be 
 by me executed, there or here, for our mutual further security. 
 
 In testimony of which, I do hereunto set my hand and seal, 
 this 31st 9br., 1701. William Penn. *^* Seal. 
 
 I do also promise to the lower counties a charter of property 
 suitable to our relation to one another, if they require it from 
 me. Wm. Penn. *^* Seal. 
 
 Instructions to James Logan, my Receiver and Secretary.' 
 
 Shipboard, ^d gbr., 1701. 
 
 I have left thee in an uncommon trust, with a singular de- 
 pendence on thy justice and care, which I expect thou wilt faith- 
 fully employ in advancing my honest interest. 
 
 Use thy utmost endeavors, in the first place, to receive all 
 that is due to me. Get in quit-rents ; sell lands according to 
 my instructions to my commissioners ; look carefully after all 
 fines,^ forfeitures, escheats, deodands, and strays, that shall be- 
 
 * Indorsed by Logan : " Proprietor's last instructions to me, just at 
 parting." 
 
 ^ We need not wonder that the secretary had enemies. It is Fenelon, 
 I believe, that observes that " Requiring, denying, reproving, make al- 
 most all persons whose duty obliges them to use these means, hated." — L.
 
 6o PENN AND LOGAN [l/OI. 
 
 long to me as proprietor or chief governor. Get in the taxes 
 and Friends' subscriptions, and use thy utmost diligence in 
 making remittances to me, with all my effects, by bills of ex- 
 change, tobacco or other merchandise, or by any means that in 
 the best of judgment, or the advice of my friends skilled in those 
 affairs, may be my advantage, not only directly to London, but 
 by the West Indies, or by any other prudent method whatso- 
 ever; but take advice especially of Edward Shippcn and Samuel 
 Carpenter, and others best experienced in trade. 
 
 Thou may continue in the house ^ I lived in till the year is up. 
 Pay off all my notes and orders on thee, settle my accounts, dis- 
 charge all my debts honorably but carefully, make rent-rolls, 
 draw up an estimate of my estate, and of what may be raised 
 from it, which send over to me as speedily as possible, for it 
 may be of great use to me ; and in all other things show thy- 
 self a careful and diligent agent, to justify my trust of thee for 
 so great a trust. 
 
 Get my two mills" finished, and make the most of these for 
 my profit, but let not John Marsh put me to any great expense. 
 
 Cause all the province and territories to be resurveyed in the 
 most frugal manner, with the assistance of my brother-in-law, 
 Edward Penington, within the two years limited by the law, if 
 possible, though that law ought not to be a bar upon me against 
 doing it at any other time. Carry very fair with my said brother- 
 in-law, and prevail with him to be as easy as possible in that 
 great work. I have spoken to him about it. 
 
 Thou must make good to Col. Hamilton, my deputy gover- 
 nor, two hundred pounds per annum of your money, till such 
 time as I procure an approbation for him, and afterwards three 
 hundred pounds. Also to John Moore, as attorney-general, 
 thirty pounds a year, so long as he shall serve me faithfully 
 
 ' In Second Street (now opposite the Bank of Pennsylvania) : it had 
 then a fine large lot and garden annexed to it. — L. [The northwest 
 corner of the Corn Exchange now occupies its site. — Editor.] 
 
 ^ [One of these mills stood upon what was afterwards known as the 
 site of the Globe Mill, at the north end of the city, on the west side of 
 Germantown Road, between the present Canal Street and Girard 
 Avenue. — Editor.]
 
 I/OI.] CORRESPONDENCE. 6l 
 
 but he is too much in Quary's interest. When my cousin Par- 
 myter comes, he must have forty pounds, but I hope the as- 
 sembly will take these charges off my hands. Pray use all 
 your endeavors to obtain it. Judge Guest expects one hundred 
 a year from me. I would give him fifty. Make him as useful 
 and easy as you can : I hope Col. Hamilton, to whom I have 
 recommended him, will prevail on him. 
 
 Let not my cousin Durant want, but be sparing to her. 
 
 Write to me diligently, advising me of everything relating 
 to my interest, and send me affidavits about Quary, Jno. 
 Corsoe, etc. 
 
 Send all the household goods up to Pennsbury, unless thou 
 inclines to keep sufficient furniture for a chamber to thyself, for 
 which thou hast my leave : take care that nothing be damnified 
 or lost. 
 
 Give my dear love to all my friends, who I desire may labor 
 to soften angry spirits, and to reduce them to a sense of their 
 duty; and at thy return give a small treat in my name to the 
 gentlemen at Philadelphia, for a beginning to a better under- 
 standing, for which I pray the Lord to incline their hearts for 
 their own ease, as well as mine and my friends. 
 
 For thy own services I shall allow thee what is just and rea- 
 sonable, either by commission or a salary. But my dependence 
 is on thy care and honesty. Serve me faithfully as thou expects 
 a blessing from God or my favor, and I shall support thee to 
 my utmost, as Thy true friend, Will. Penn. 
 
 Ship DoLMAHOY, -^df^br., 1701.^ 
 
 * At the foot of these instructions are these memoranda : 
 Remember, 
 
 S. Weaver's affidavit, Jos. Carpenter, C. Read, etc., affidavit. 
 
 R. Stocton's money, R. Halliwell and his land, 
 
 S. Jennings's account, Newcastle Welsh settlement, 
 
 Edward Gibbs's account, J. Sotcher and Pennsbury, 
 
 Geo. Decon's, Blackwell's papers. 
 
 The following is the agreement made by Penn with the master of 
 the Dolmalioy : 
 
 Agreed, this 12/h of October, 1701, behvecn Goc'erfior William Penn 
 and Captain John Fitcli, commander of the ship Dolmalioy, as follows : 
 That the said governor shall have the full and free use of the whole
 
 62 PENN AND LOGAN [17OI. 
 
 [The following list will give a good idea of the style and 
 amount of furniture used in a first-class mansion at that day. 
 It does not appear whether it includes the furniture sent up from 
 Philadelphia on the departure of the Proprietor. — Editor.] 
 
 Copy of a Paper entitled, "A Catalogue of Goods left at 
 Pennsbury, the 3D of the ioth month, 1 701." 
 
 In the Best Chamber. 
 
 One bed and bolster, 2 pillows, 2 blankets, i silk quilt, i suit of 
 satin curtains ; i table and pair of stands, i looking-glass, 6 cane chairs, 
 and 2 with twiggen bottoms ; i little black box, i water-stand, i chamber 
 chair; i pair of brasses, with fire-shovel and tongs, i little cane stool, 
 4 satin cushions. 
 
 In the Next Chamber. 
 
 One bed and bolster, 2 pillows, 2 blankets, i India quilt, i suit of 
 camblet curtains, with white head-cloth and tester ; 6 cane chairs, with 
 cushions, i table, i looking-glass; i pair of brasses, and a fire-shovel. 
 
 In the Next Chamber. 
 
 One wrought bed, with bolster, pillows, blankets, and counterpane ; 
 I table and stand, 6 wooden chairs, and i cane ditto. 
 
 In the Nursery. 
 
 One pallet bedstead, i table, i screen; 2 chairs of Master John's, 
 and 2 rush-bottomed chairs ; i pair brasses, with fire-shovel and tongs. 
 
 great cabin of the ship, in her voyage from Pennsylvania to London, 
 to himself and family ; for which he shall pay the said captain, at 
 London, 50 guineas. And for every person going in the said cabin, 
 (a young child excepted,) £,1 per head, for their necessary accommo- 
 dations of fire, water, &c., and storage of provisions; for such pas- 
 sengers as lie out of the cabin, and eat of the ship's provisions, £,(> 
 per head, and for those that do not eat of the same. That, for all such 
 dry-goods and packages as the said captain must pay E. Shippen freight 
 for, the said governor shall pay the captain after the same rate. That, 
 in case the captain should be obliged to sail without the governor, he 
 shall then be paid at London for his disappointment. In witness 
 whereof, the said parties have hereunto interchangeably set their hands 
 the day and year first above written.* 
 
 [* From the Logan MSS., Hist. Society, Penna. — Editor.]
 
 I70I.] CORRESPONDENCE. 63 
 
 In the Next Chamber. 
 
 One bed and bolster, 2 pillows, i blanket, quilt, and suit of striped 
 linen curtains ; i table, 4 rush-bottomed chairs. 
 
 In the Entry. 
 
 Two chests of drawers, 2 trunks, and i box. 
 
 In the Garrets. 
 
 Four bedsteads, 2 beds, i quilt, i rug, 2 blankets ; three side-sad- 
 dles, one of which is my mistress's ; 2 pillows, i cloth. 
 
 In the Lower Rooms : — Best Parlor. 
 
 Two tables, i pair stands, 2 great cane chairs, and 4 small do. ; 7 
 cushions, four of them satin, the other three green plush ; i pair 
 brasses, brass fire-shovel, tongs, and fender ; i pair bellows ; 2 large 
 maps. 
 
 The other Parlor. 
 
 Two tables, 6 chairs, i great leathern chair ; i clock ; pair of 
 brasses ; i teapot, 6 cups and saucers, 2 basins. 
 
 In the Little Hall. 
 Six leather chairs and two wooden ones ; 5 maps. 
 
 Great Hall. 
 
 One long table, and 2 forms, 6 chairs, i little table, i napkin-press ; 
 
 3 very large pewter dishes, 6 lesser ones, 6 of the best pewter, 4 soup- 
 dishes, 2 pie-plates, 2 cheese-plates, 2 doz. of the London plates and 
 
 4 doz. of the common ones, 2 stands, 5 mazarines, i cullender, 2 cis- 
 terns, 2 rings, I doz. and 10 patty-pans. 
 
 Linen and Plate in the Great Red Trunk. 
 
 Two pair fine Holland sheets, marked W. P. ; 2 pair pillow-cases, 
 I marked P. C, the other marked W. P. H. ; i table and sideboard 
 cloth of fine damask ; also, 18 napkins, 2 towels (damask) marked P. ; 
 I table and i sideboard cloth, 12 napkins, marked W. P. H. ; 5 
 towels, marked P., all of 'fine Irish diaper; 3 table-cloths and 2 long 
 towels, marked P.; 21 napkins, marked P. 24; i sideboard-cloth, i 
 table-cloth, 12 napkins, marked W. P. H. in eyelet-holes, of fine 
 Dutch diaper. In all, 2 pair sheets, 2 pair pillow-cases, 9 table-cloths, 
 7 doz. and 10 napkins, 5 lesser table-cloths, 9 towels, 10 calico cur- 
 tains, and 4 damask ones.
 
 64 PENN AND LOGAN l^JOl. 
 
 Plate. 
 
 One large tankard, i basin, 6 salts, i skillet, 5 plates, 7 spoons, i 
 little spoon, 2 forks, 2 porringers, 2 little cups, one marked I. P., th»* 
 other, H. C. ; a small candlestick and snuffers ; i chafing-dish. 
 
 In my Mistress' s Closet. 
 
 Four chairs, with needle-worked cases ; 2 hanging shelves ; some 
 chinaware and glasses. 
 
 In the little Closet below. 
 
 Four large delf dishes, 4 lesser ones, i large white basin, 2 lesser 
 ditto, 16 white plates, 10 blue ditto, 4 flower-basins; some ordinary 
 earthenware, and the set of Tunbridge-ware. 
 
 Chest of drawers. 
 
 Five pair of large warm sheets, 5 pair lesser ones, marked P. in red ; 
 7 pair pillow-cases, 9 marked P. in red, 5 marked W. P. H.; 4 pair 
 coarser, ditto, 3 pair W. P. H.; 4 pair small, ditto, marked P. in red. 
 In all, 6 table-cloths, 5 sideboard ditto, 12 towels, 4 doz. napkins, 11 
 napkins, 3 table-cloths, 7 napkins (^older ones). 
 
 In a Great Box. 
 
 Nine coarse sheets, marked W. P. H. in blue ; 6 pair whiter ditto, 
 marked as before ; 2 pair, marked P. in blue ; 7 pair pillow-cases, 9 
 coarse towels, 2 long ones, 3 huckaback table-cloths ; 2 doz. napkins, 
 huckaback; 3 table-cloths, Osnaburgs.^ 
 
 James Logan to William Penn. 
 
 Philadelphia, 2d lohr., 1701. 
 Hon. Governor: — This, 't is hoped, will find thee, through the 
 good providence of God, safely arrived on the English shore, 
 Vi^hich is the repeated desire and prayer of thousands here. 
 
 By the last post from New York before this, we were in- 
 formed that next week would be early enough to write by the 
 first ship to sail from thence ; but by this we are surprised to 
 hear that Sam will scarce be able to recover her in time, which, 
 
 ^ [In a valuable paper, " The Private Life and Domestic Habits of 
 William Penn,' by Mr. J. Francis Fisher, ///. Alemoirs of Hist. 
 Society of Penna., 1836, will be found an interesting account of Penns- 
 bury and the Proprietor's mode of life at his rural home. — Editor.]
 
 I70I.] CORRESPONDENCE. 65 
 
 with Gov. Hamilton's absence, who is now at Amboy, makes me 
 incapable of sending, all designed by this opportunity. 
 
 The enclosed letters came ten days ago, one excepted, by way 
 of Boston, some under the cover of the agent, and some in 
 Daniel Zachary's; they were opened on account of what might 
 be contained of public concern within. 
 
 In the agent's was one from the Lords of Trade and Planta- 
 tions, proving only a duplicate of the last thou received at 
 Pennsbury, and was read in council according to order. In 
 answer to one clause, in which requiring an account of our 
 method of court proceedings, is sent, by order of council under 
 the great seal, the late law passed for that purpose ; and in an- 
 swer to another injunction in the same, 't is ordered that the 
 whole body of all the laws in force be sent over with all expe- 
 dition, but they could not be got ready. It was also thought 
 fit to send an authentic copy of the last law of marriage, the 
 better to obviate, if there should be occasion, what objections 
 may arise from the former; the two mentioned covers are sent 
 you. 
 
 Enclosed also comes a copy of the charter of privilege, one 
 of the intended charter of property, which I hope thou wilt 
 take early care enough to prevent being forfeited, because likely, 
 if so, to be on many heads injurious. Also one of the city charter, 
 to be at hand in case any objection should be made upon that 
 clause appointing a water-bailiff, or Anthony Morris's being 
 named as alderman. I intended several other copies, but by the 
 above-mentioned disappointments am too much straitened. 
 
 The list of inhabitants ordered to be sent over I can by no 
 means get ready now, that of Chester not being sent up yet ; 
 but shall not fail to press and hasten it. 
 
 I can see no hopes of getting material subscriptions from those 
 of the Church against the report of persecution, they having 
 consulted together on that head, and, as I am informed, con- 
 cluded that not allowing their clergy here what they of right 
 claim in England, and not suffering them to be superior, may 
 justly bear that name.^ 
 
 * [See Appendix, Note i. — Editor.] 
 
 VOL. I. — 6
 
 ()6 PENN AND LOGAN [l/OI- 
 
 Col. Quary, before his departure, got and took over with him 
 several subscriptions, which I doubt may prove mischievous, 
 but all is kept so private among them, there is no possibility of 
 knowing with any certainty what they are. 
 
 All things have gone very smooth and easy since thy de- 
 parture, without the least obstruction or emotion. Coming up 
 from the Capes I called on Rodney, and such others as were 
 viewed violent, and leading men, and left them very easy and 
 good-natured in appearance; and when I came to town, I made 
 bold to give a small treat at Andrews's to the governor, Rich- 
 ard Halliwell, Jasper Yeats, J. Moore, and some such others, 
 about a dozen, including T. Farmer, and the other owners of the 
 small yacht or vessel the family went down to Newcastle in, 
 on thy behalf and in thy name, which being very well timed 
 and managed, was, I have reason to believe, of good service. 
 'T is not that I could think it my place to take such things upon 
 me, but at that time I could not have been dissuaded from it. 
 
 There happened, however, the very first day after I came to 
 town, an occasion of some clashing between the admiralty and 
 civil powers, by R. Asheton's taking a bond, with the governor's 
 consent, of William Righton to produce a certificate from Ja- 
 maica for a parcel of indigo, the rats having eaten his papers at 
 sea. I fjar it will make a subject of complaint, but not by this 
 opportunity. Par. Parmyter, who was the chief mover and adviser 
 in it, I suppose will advise thee by this ship at large about it, with 
 a full state of the case, and the governor per next, especially if 
 J. Moore should write, who hath promised to do nothing on 
 that head but what he will first expose here to view. Having 
 done all that can be by Quary, he is very willing, I perceive, to 
 live as quiet as possible, and keeps on very friendly [terms] 
 with the governor when here, which 't is thought will be the 
 best course on our sides also, till we see how affairs arc like to 
 be determined there, which will be earnestly expected ; but the 
 court we fear will have other business of too great importance 
 to give this the necessary dispatch. 
 
 If any disturbance arise, it is like to be by distraining for the 
 tax, which is not begun yet, yesterday being the first day it 
 could be done for the second payment; and that being so high,
 
 I/OI.] CORRESPONDENCE. 6/ 
 
 it was thought best to bring both together, and prevent exas- 
 perating the people too much by making two distresses, first for 
 the one moiety and again for the other. They are going on in 
 Chester county, and I have good promises from Bucks: this town 
 alone is the unhappy place, but I hope we shall resolutely break 
 through it. 'Tis generally expected it must be paid, but in 
 Chester county great endeavors have been used, 't is easily 
 guessed by whom, to scatter poison, especially by repeating 
 that thou hadst left the charters unsealed. Andrew Job came 
 up upon it very much startled, but returned thoroughly satisfied ; 
 for it was said the assembly were mocked, and though that of 
 privileges was so often sent to them, and their speaker as a 
 mark of their acceptance had signed it, yet thou would not 
 finish it, but made a sham of the whole : this was the notion, 
 though not quite thus represented by the author, yet his is really 
 very malicious, and holds little good correspondence with any 
 that I see. There are none that I hear of uneasy about charter 
 of property that know how things really are, and there is no 
 ground, as far as can be yet seen, to be gotten on that head, but 
 by false representations. 
 
 The Susquehanna subscriptions go not as briskly on as at 
 first, chiefly through the undertakers' want of time, because of 
 the fair, &c., but it is intended to be pressed forward with vigor, 
 though thy absence is no small damp to all things of that kind. 
 
 The assistance money is now, one moiety I think, become 
 due, and will be forthwith collected, as far rhay be ; but the 
 scarcity of money in the country, and neither want of substance 
 nor inclination, makes many to hold their hands. The new 
 alderman and that rogue Pentecost Teague,^ last quarterly meet- 
 ing, utterly refused to subscribe one farthing. 
 
 The law for preventing abuses in trade, &c., passed at thy first 
 coming, and on which thou valued thyself with the crown, is 
 utterly repealed by the last clause in the last act of confirmation, 
 
 ' [We know of nothing in the history of this person to justify, were it 
 intended in a general sense, the use of the phrase applied to him, and 
 therefore judge the writer meant to express his opinion of the act 
 of refusal, which his zeal for the interest of his principal led him to 
 characterize by a strong term. — Editor.]
 
 68 PENN AND LOG A\ [l/OI. 
 
 and with it the tonnage is dropped. Whether designed by the 
 assembly or not, I know not, but 't is unhappy none of the 
 council took notice of it. This must make me hold my hand 
 with respect to the buoys in the river; it was to continue in 
 force only till twenty days after the rising of the assembly in 
 1703. We have been threatened about the tonnage, and bid the 
 person defiance, having never discovered the repeal till yester- 
 day ; but now, I believe, must let it fall. 
 
 The thousand acres was, last week, cut off from thy tract in 
 East Jersey, on the west side. I gave directions on the east, 
 having had 300 pounds bid for it, if laid there ; but, upon trial, 
 we were obliged to take it so, as it would not accommodate the 
 man, though on the east side ; and, therefore, the west was, for 
 several reasons, thought better. . . . 
 
 The governor is not yet sworn ; the reasons I leave to his 
 own pen — as also that about W. Righton. The computation 
 of what money may be raised is the best we could make up in 
 the time. It is wide, to be sure, in several particulars ; some 
 over and some under — most of the latter, I believe. That of 
 overplus and concealed lands, I hope, is not above one-third, 
 and that of Newcastle vacancies, above one-half of what may 
 be raised in some time ; but to make even what we have given 
 answer, it will be necessary that there be care taken to trans- 
 port families ; and if, upon a good bargain, thou couldst thy- 
 self make a speedy return, it will be the only or best way to 
 effect it. I can make no judgment of what there may be in the 
 two lower counties ; if good colonists were brought into them, 
 as of those in Newcastle, there might be raised some thousands 
 of pounds. But the post straitens me ; therefore, with all due 
 regard, conclude. 
 
 Thy most dutiful James Logan. 
 
 We intend to set about re-surveys with all expedition. Pray 
 be pleased to favor us with all opportunities of writing.
 
 I/OI.] CORRESPONDENCE. 69 
 
 William Penn to James Logan. 
 
 Kensington, 4th wth mo., 1701. 
 
 Thou wilt hear, long ere this comes to hand, I doubt not, of 
 all our safe arrival, through the great and continued mercies of 
 God ; save my leg got a small rub about four days before our 
 coming into the Channel, which, by contrary applications in 
 town, has disabled me from having the benefit of my swift pas- 
 sage, as I might otherways have had. We were but twenty-six 
 days from land to soundings, twenty-eight to the start in Devon- 
 shire, and thirty to Portsmouth. N. Puckle was but thirty-four 
 days, and Guy went north about, after gaining within two hun- 
 dred leagues of the Liszard in less than eighteen days, which 
 made his passage eleven weeks, and the letters but just delivered 
 before my coming to London, but not before our arrival at 
 Portsmouth. 
 
 Nothing yet done in my affairs, but my coming I do more 
 and more see necessary, on divers accounts ; though a trouble- 
 some and costly journey. My son has been veiy serviceable, but 
 costly, and half given away soy memes^ for the country. In 
 some respects, I am not without good hopes of a tolerable con- 
 clusion, though it will not be obtained without charge and pains. 
 They that seek the ruin of proprietaries, they say, will renew 
 their bill, but try the Commons first this time. I shall say 
 little of that affair; only, pray fail not to send what I do so 
 much need, and which was so indiscreetly disregarded, viz. : 
 all requisite certificates and affidavits that are yet behind, as to 
 our conduct, and that of our foolish and knavish enemies. Also, 
 pray fail not to get in and return what moneys were allotted 
 for my supply in this affair, with all possible speed ; and not 
 only as to that branch, but the lands of East Jersey and the 
 other supply and rents, for there is a most absolute necessity to 
 receive them with all speed, and then return them. For per- 
 forming of which, let no other business come into competition, 
 as thou wilt be a just man and recommend thyself to me and 
 all that regard thee here. In order to which, mind to remit 
 
 ^ [Old French. — Editor.]
 
 yO PEN N AND LOGAN [l/OI. 
 
 bear and deer skins, tobacco bright, bills on Maryland, and 
 flour to Barbadoes, &c. 
 
 Pray let not gratifying the unreasonable importunity of the 
 planters hinder thy care of my languishing interest, since, by 
 my rents lying out, I have lost that interest, that would have 
 paid the interest of my debts, who have only the principal left, 
 and that I know not when to balance both my debts and interest. 
 
 James, let thy good sense and address in such matters of 
 trade and accounts be religiously employed in my assistance 
 and relief I must expect it ; but, whatever thou dost, fail not to 
 send me the probabilities of the value of rents due, supplies, 
 Susquehanna project, lands salable, banks,' &c., that I may 
 make a judgment to myself, and a good argument to others, as 
 occasion offers for my service here. Get in all debts due to me ; 
 as J. Claypool's, Ch. Marshall's, &c., according to notes and 
 bonds in J. Harrison's time. Be not hasty to end with S. Jen- 
 nings,^ for reasons we discoursed. However, my daughter's 
 bank lot ought to be part of pay, since never improved, and of 
 all men were expected to be so surprised. I greatly esteem 
 him, but cannot bear to be greatly a loser by him. Remember 
 G. Heathcote's business, the date of his patent and surprise 
 upon the Commissioners. If the two Proprietaries, in right of 
 which J. Ross took up 20,000 acres in West Jersey for me, be 
 not allowed, get them allowed, or an order to take up so much 
 above the Falls,' where is excellent land on that side, as S. 
 Jennings told me, and which Mahlon Stacy told him of, and 
 which the Indian that owns it promised me not to sell till I 
 came, or without my consent, unless to me, of which Josh. 
 Kirkbride and, I think, some others can inform thee. Francis 
 Fairman can manage such an affair well enough, and speaks 
 that Indian pretty well, whose brother Robert was with me 
 t'other day. 
 
 ' [That is, bank lots on the Delaware front. — Editor.] 
 ^ Samuel Jennings was a very early settler, and had been deputy- 
 governor of West Jersey. A farm, now belonging to Richard H. 
 Smith, I have heard was the place of his residence the latter years of 
 his life. — L. 
 
 • [At Trenton. — Editor.]
 
 I70I.] CORRESPONDENCE. 7I 
 
 Col. Quary comes on purpose to do us mischief, (sent for 
 hence by the party,) as well as to himself what good he can. 
 Let the council and W. Rodney, if you can, be attested about 
 those words improved by ignorance or malice, about laying 
 them by the heels that should disown the government. There 
 may be need of it. Also, thine of Col. Quarj^'s professions 
 to me, and that the reason of writing that letter, enclosing 
 the sheriff's commission, he took such pains to recover, was on 
 account of the affidavits I had sent, as he was assured, against 
 him. I must have the affidavits of the former appraisers, Charles 
 Read, etc., about Lumby's ^ goods, and the words that induced 
 them to lower them so much from their true value. I must have 
 one of bailing the pirates by Col. Quary and Bass, too, as also 
 widow Barnet's not being paid by the first, though the monc}' was 
 kept by him for that purpose, as he told me ; and the requisite 
 affidavits about Bonne's vessel and Perry's goods — wine, iron, 
 and linen — and what sold for, is essential; as also, T. Farmer's 
 about my commanding upon Col. Quary's complaint, that he pro- 
 ceeded no farther, and afterwards my ordering thee to take it up. 
 
 Next, forget not the Spaniard's case, and suitable affidavits. 
 His counsel, J. Moore, said, in my hearing, I could neither do 
 nor say more nor otherwise than I offered him ; [this] lest any 
 wrangle follow on his account. Captain Burford, instead of 
 satisfaction, has most falsely spread stories against us to his 
 owners, and troubled Friends therein, and all for want of care to 
 send on against him, as I so often urged. Pray let it be done. 
 
 ' Lumbey's case, so often mentioned in these letters, appears to 
 have been a hard one. He was master of the ship Providefice, who, 
 mistaking our capes for that of Virginia, having never been on the 
 coast before, and after a distressing voyage of five months, was seized 
 by Quary, on the pretence of some informality about a register, though 
 the captain and ten others took their oaths that the vessel was regis- 
 tered ; and three of the principal merchants offered, for the sake of 
 trade, to be bound in ^^^3,000 security, that the owners should stand 
 trial in England, if the ship might go her voyage ; but Quary refused, 
 and informed against the merchants, as enemies of the admiralty juris- 
 diction. He had the goods appraised and sold. W. Penn gave up 
 his one-third immediately to the owners, and, by a re-appraisement, 
 raised the value of the cargo — no malice or design of fraud appearing, 
 except on the part of Quary himself, and Moore his advocate. — L.
 
 72 PENN AND LOGAN [17OI. 
 
 One of his greatest stories was my imprisoning his mate and 
 doctor, and forcing from them great sums of money. Philip 
 James and honest R. Bryant's daughter, at Newcastle, can 
 inform thee fully whose attests would do well. 
 
 Whatever was forgotten send (if not already sent) ; but I hope 
 the copies of the charter of property, the laws, &c., are not with 
 several of these things 7ioiv to be sent to me. I shall send a 
 copy of the articles, and would have Col. Markham clear his 
 part, and all else concerned, lest there should be occasion. 
 
 There is a swamp between the Falls and the meeting-house ; 
 I gave the Falls people, formerly, leave to cut timber in it for 
 their own use, which they have almost spoiled, cutting for sale, 
 coopery, &c., which now, or in a little time, would be worth 
 some thousands. Phineas Pemberton knows this business ; let 
 all be forbid to cut there any more, and learn who have been 
 the wasters of timber, that hereafter they may help to clear the 
 rubbish parts that will be fit for use, or give me tree for tree, 
 when I or my order shall demand it. 
 
 This piratical latitude too many have of thinking they can do 
 me no wrong, and of making bold with other folks' things, is 
 a great dishonor to America, and (also) of making no returns 
 in seven years' time, of which I have heard enough and too 
 much already ; some public course must be taken therein, or we 
 shall be laid under mighty disgrace. 
 
 There is twelve pounds of good chocolate, sent us about two 
 months ago : let Rebecca Shippen have two pounds ; Hannah 
 Carpenter, two pounds ; Governor Hamilton's wife, two pounds ; 
 Mary Norris, two pounds ; Hannah Hill, two pounds ; Rachel 
 Preston, two pounds. Consign all thou sendest for me to 
 Edward Singleton in Barbadoes. No need that R. E. knows of 
 it; his presents, poor man, exceed his returns — this to thyself. 
 Mind the sale of the widow Calvert's land, that both the widow 
 Harris, of Dublin, and myself may be paid. Search Brother 
 Penington's office, if any returns are to be found for Geo. 
 Shore, of Ireland. Honest A. Strettle writes to Ed. Singleton 
 to ask me of both ; and let me know if he is returned, by cata- 
 logue, one of the first two purchases that is in thy hands. Let 
 Ed. Hopton have a patent for his land of Poquesin, if T. Fair-
 
 I70I.] CORRESPONDENCE. 73 
 
 man see good. Be sure to use and secure him, as we discoursed, 
 losing no time. I. Hop is glad his son came not; talks of re- 
 turning. I hope thy eye is upon the means to retrench expenses ; 
 and, pray, see the utmost, at a leisure hour, of poor Marsh's 
 project of navigating flats up Schoolkill and Susquehanna rivers, 
 above the Falls ; he assuring me that he could make the experi- 
 ment for 40s. Be it 50 or ^3, it were a mighty advantage. 
 I enclose a paper I found in my pocket of Eliz. Bermil's : if 
 her request is reasonable, let her be considered. All letters for 
 me, wife, or daughter, or S. C, send back ; except such as come 
 from the government here, for they are indorsed always, " For 
 the King's Service." I had a letter Lord Cornbury sent me 
 from Spithead, that Secretary Vernon wrote me by him, to be- 
 speak my acquaintance and friendship, and good and intimate 
 correspondence in America, as Bellamont and I had done before ; 
 which looks as if he came upon the same footing, and as if he 
 had no thought of my being defeated of my government. Sir 
 H. Ashurst told me, yesterday, there would be nothing done in 
 it, he believed. He lives in Kensington, and is agent for New 
 England. So says (also) a lawyer used at bottom on that side. 
 Divers tell me that Colonel Dudley has been an enemy and a 
 flatterer to the attempts upon English charters, which, if true, I 
 am sorry for; but I shall, I hope, defeat all those designs, for I 
 find the great people of both Houses lend me conversation upon 
 the state and reasons of the case. I shall do the best I can for 
 future safety to the people and my family as one common in- 
 terest. 
 
 I know not of any more, as yet, by this opportunity of the 
 Messenger, Captain Puckle, in 14 or 20 days, at most, as they 
 say, by whom I purpose to write of all occurring to us ; and 
 also, by the same opportunity, general letters to Gov. Hamilton 
 and Council ; but, by the way, send what thou canst by Guy — 
 bear and buck skins, (for they bear an advance,) and good bright 
 tobacco. I hear but an indifferent character of the judge,^ by 
 Lewis M. [Morris], as formerly an usher of a writing-school, 
 and not at all moral. More by next. If in the least he tricks, 
 use him accordingly. My leg is better. Wife and father and 
 
 'Judge Guest. This is refuted in another letter as a calumny. — L.
 
 74 PENN AND LOGAN [iJOI. 
 
 child are going, this week, for Bristol. My son and family well ; 
 a sweet girl and a Saracen of a boy; his wife — a good and pretty 
 woman — at Bristol, on her father's account, who is dead and 
 buried. I. Cosgarm marries Betty. ^ There is a letter for thee, 
 on account of his business in Kent county, which put in as good 
 a way as thou canst, for my son is interested. 
 
 With my true love to all my good friends, as if I named them, 
 desiring the Lord to be among you in wisdom, love, and fear, I 
 close, and am their and thy assured friend, Wm. Penn. 
 
 P. S. — My love to my family. I writ by an English ship, 
 last week — in short, not time to read it — that if John and 
 Mary come, his brother leaving him ;^I50, if he come in two 
 years for it, that Hugh be steward and gardener, and old Peter 
 go to the garden when needful ; and that Phineas Pemberton's 
 wife and daughter see to the bedding and linen, once a month. 
 Mind that the leads be mended. I pray God continue poor Phi- 
 neas. We all remember you all, in your respective capacities, 
 with much love and regard, and Pennsylvania will not be forgot- 
 ten. Remember me to all officers in government, and to deserv- 
 ing friends, &c. A rumor, within two days, of the King of 
 Sweedland's being lately in hazard in an engagement; but he 
 resolves not to return home till he has resettled Sapieha over 
 Oginsky and the King of Poland. He has made a great begin- 
 ning. I send the King's speech. Lords' and Commons' address, 
 whence a war, wisely if they can, is likely to ensue. " Cut your 
 Coat according to your cloth," and " make hay while the sun 
 shines;" for England and Ireland cannot supply the islands 
 with provisions. 
 
 Ought I to allow S. Jennings a salary certain lor receiver, and 
 he not receive, but I must pay another for receiving that he left 
 behind ? Poundage is the fairest, unless all had been received. 
 If he says I ordered him to let the sheriffs receive, it was to save 
 charges, being my officers, and could do it with the county levies 
 all at once, and who got by their places, and not to pay two 
 shillings in the pound — one-tenth of the whole — and he a 
 salary for only receiving it of them and using it himself; but 
 
 ^ Probably, the sister of Wm. Penn, Jr.'s wife. — L.
 
 I70I.] CORRESPONDENCE. 75 
 
 W. Rodney was no sheriff, nor B. Chew ; nor did J. Hill desist 
 after out of the sheriff's place. If he says he did not receive 
 all because I forbade the tenants to pky, why any, or more than 
 I drew for ? and why of the ablest, when I said only of the 
 doubtful or hazardous ? and why suffer Gibbs to run ;^700 in 
 arrear, to live upon my rents, and yet charge receiver's salary 
 for the same time? Why let my goods — his inventory taken 
 says were all at Pennsbury, when he had the charge — be lost 
 or embezzled, without a quarterly or yearly survey ; never once 
 done in twelve years' running ? These things have sorrowful 
 and wounding touches in them, of all which make a wise use, 
 and keep all as quiet as may be, till things here are over, My 
 son shall hasten ; possess him, go with him to Pennsbury, 
 advise him, contract, and recommend his acquaintance. No 
 rambling to N "w York, nor mongrel correspondence. He has 
 promised fair; I know he will regard thee; but thou wilt see 
 that I have purchased the mighty supplies at a dear rate. God 
 forgive those wretched people that have misused me so, and 
 preserve my spirit over it. Pennsylvania has been a dear Penn- 
 sylvania to me all over, which few consider and with me lay to 
 heart. Be discreet ; he has wit, kept the top company, and 
 must be handled with much love and wisdom ; and urging the 
 weakness or folly of some behaviors, and the necessity of 
 another conduct from interest and reputation, will go far ; and 
 get Samuel Carpenter, Edward Shippen, Isaac Norris, Phineas 
 Pemberton, Thomas Masters, and such persons, to be soft, and 
 kind, and teaching. It will do wonders with him ; he is con- 
 quered that way, pretends much to honor, and is but over-gener- 
 ous by half, and yet sharp enough to get to spend. He cannot 
 well be put on. All this keep to thyself I have no time to 
 compare it. Vale. 
 
 Let brother Penington know his relations are well. Lord 
 Cornbury comes upon the Church favor; but Whig principles, as 
 people talk. Pray desire Governor Hamilton and our folks to 
 carry a good correspondence with him.
 
 ^6 PENN AND LOGAN [l/OI 
 
 An Account of Charges paid on the Account of Privateers 
 
 WHICH were fetched FROM THE NEWCASTLE HOARKILLS, BY 
 THE ORDER OF THE GOVERNOR, AS FOLLOWETH: 
 
 2d 6ih tno., 1701. 
 
 £. s. d. 
 To George Lamb, for victuals, drink, and horses . .496 
 
 To Ralph Whitton, for horse hire 140 
 
 To John Hussy, for horse hire 140 
 
 To Mr. Addam Peeterson, for expense . . . .0150 
 To my own trouble and charge 200 
 
 Errors excepted . . . . . .9126 
 
 Per Wessl. Alricks. 
 
 Received the foregoing sum of nine pounds, twelve shillings, from 
 Mr. Logan, per me. Wessl. Alricks. 
 
 William Penn to James Logan. 
 {^Extract.l Kensington, ^th nth mo., 1701. 
 
 Let John Sachel know his brother is dead, and has left him 
 ;^I50 if he come in two years for it — who died above six 
 months ago, so that he must come, and Hugh must supply his 
 place; and if Mary will not stay, then let Hugh double his care 
 and answer within and without; but some she friend in the 
 neighborhood may come once a month or two, to see the con- 
 dition of things. Our love to our family ; and we desire their 
 care in improvement and persevering, which, with our dear love, 
 and father Callowhill's, now here, ends this from 
 
 Thy assured friend, Wm. Penn. 
 
 We had a swift passage — twenty-six days from the cape to 
 soundings, and thirty Portsmouth, with five of the last days clear 
 for observation, before we came to the channel. The captain 
 very civil, and all company. Tishe^ and Johnne, after the first 
 five days, hearty and well, and Johnne exceeding cheerful all 
 the way. 
 
 'His daughter Letitia, and his infant son. — L.
 
 I70I CORRESPONDENCE. jy 
 
 William Penn to James Logan. 
 {^ExtractJ^ KEt^smCTOii, /anu a rj, 1 701-2. 
 
 .... Give our hearty salutes to all our good and true friends ; 
 next, let them know I have good hopes things will do pretty 
 well; 3dly, that I want supplies in this case; 4thly, all the 
 affidavits I ordered, and copies of the charter of property and 
 laws; 5thly, I command thee to tell the governor and council 
 that I will have nothing done in the charter left unfinished 
 till I send orders from hence; 6thly, hasten in my rents and 
 debts, and transmit them with all possible speed as fast as thou 
 canst, for I expect a war. I depend upon thy ability and vigil- 
 ancy in getting in and remitting by all ways that best present. 
 7thly, remember Perry's affair; Charles Read's affidavit about 
 the first low appraisement of Lumbey's goods, who bailed the 
 pirates at Burlington, &c. I must leave the rest to my own 
 memorandums and thy recollections. The parliament sat down 
 last third-day; chose R. Harley again, with a small majority; 
 much lost on Sir T. L.'s side ; both my acquaintance. Little to 
 be said — only a bill of attainder against the Prince of Wales 
 proposed to be brought in to-day.^ Sir Charles Hedges out or 
 laid down. I have writ to Governor Hamilton,- by Lord Corn- 
 
 ' [Parliament sat on Tuesday, December 30, 1701, when they elected 
 Mr. Harley speaker, over Sir Thomas Lytdeton, by a majority of four 
 votes. The bill which was introduced early in January, attainting 
 James Francis Edward, son of James II., by his second wife, Louisa 
 Maria Theresa, passed finally on the 2d of March, 1 701-2.— Editor.] 
 
 ^ [Andrew Hamilton. " The encomiums bestowed upon the integ- 
 rity and abilities of Governor Hamilton by the proprietaries have 
 already been noticed, and from what is there shown of his administra- 
 tion, we may believe their confidence to have been well bestowed. 
 His qualities, as a man, appear to have made him more esteemed in the 
 province than any of his predecessors, but we are debarred the satis- 
 faction of regarding him in the private walks of life in consequence 
 of the few materials furnished by the existing records of his time. 
 
 " When recommended to Lord Neill Campbell, by the proprietaries, 
 for the services he had rendered during two previous visits to the pro- 
 vince, he was authorized to receive forty pounds sterling, or a grant for 
 500 acres of land, whichever he might elect, in consideration of the 
 " charges and paines " he had incurred. It is also stated that he was 
 about "transferring his family towards the improvement of his planta-
 
 78 PENN AND LOGAN [17OI. 
 
 bury. Communicate this to him and council so far as thou 
 thinkest fit, &c. 
 
 WiLUAM Penn to James Logan. 
 
 Kensington, T^d 12th mo., 1701. 
 I must renew my pressings upon thee about returns; for I 
 find £\Afi sterling more, besides the ^^^300 employed last year, 
 and what I sent by bill for Squire L., our agent. I have writ to 
 Friends, and superscribed it to S. Carpenter, to quicken returns; 
 for I perceive by the votes of the day the House of Commons 
 have ordered the state of the plantations to be laid before 
 them — and just now a lawyer sends me word he is offered to 
 be feed against me by Col. Quarry,' who is now come to do us 
 all the mischief he can. Hasten over rents, and all thou canst, 
 
 tion," but whether we are to include a wife among the number is un- 
 certain, for after he had been some time in the province, he married 
 Ann, the widow of Robert Wharton, of New York, and daughter of 
 the former deputy governor Rudyard. He may have jiiarried again 
 subsequently, for in his will his widow and legatee is called Agnes. 
 He died at Amboy, 26th 2d month, (April,) 1703, then holding the 
 office of deputy governor of Pennsylvania, to wHich he had been 
 appointed on the first of November, 1701. He being selected by 
 William Penn as his representative is an additional proof of his worth. 
 
 No connection has been traced between Governor Hamilton and 
 Andrew Hamilton, the eminent lawyer of Philadelphia, who died in 
 1 741, but it is probable some relationship existed. The governor left 
 one son, John, who subsequently held several officer in New Jersey, 
 under the royal provincial government, and has the credit of devising 
 the scheme for the establishment of post-offices in the colonies. He 
 obtained a patent for it in 1694, and afterwards sold his right to the 
 crown. — Whitehead' s East Jersey, 155. — Editor.] 
 
 ^ ["Col. Robert Quary was governor of South Carolina for a 
 short period in 1684 ; but the proprietaries having intelligence of the 
 encouragement given by him to pirates, dismissed him from office in 
 1685, when he became secretary of the province. He, however, was 
 again governor in 1690." — Historical Collections of South Carolina, 
 i. 86; ii. 410, 412. ** He was afterwards Judge of the Admiralty in 
 New York and Pennsylvania, and a sort of government spy in this 
 country. He was a member of the council of five governments at one 
 time, viz. : New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Maryland, and Vir- 
 ginia, and died about the year 171 2-13." — Massachusetts Historical 
 Collections, vii. 222. Note by E. B. O'Callaghan, V. Doc. relating 
 to Col. Hist, of New York, p. 199. — Editor.]
 
 I/OI.] CORRESPONDENCE. 79 
 
 for many call upon me for old scores, thinking I have brought 
 over all the world with me. The war is likely, and goods bear 
 a price. Deer-skins, bear-skins, tobacco (good by itself and 
 bad by itself)- — and then one sells the other. Hasten over the 
 affidavits that I have writ for in my larger letter that comes 
 with this; since which have had a fever, but recovered through 
 God's mercy. I would hope the other business of the House 
 may take them up. I am sure it is too great to suffer them to 
 look into America as it deserves and needs they should. The 
 Jerseys' surrender' is an ugly preface; however, there is a higher 
 hand to which I look. Let 's do our duty, and leave the rest 
 with God. 
 
 My wife and Little Johnnc well at Bristol; Tishe (Lsetitia) 
 with me: Son and wife at Bristol upon C.Jones' death. I send 
 a packet to thee that was from him — may give thee light, though 
 
 * ["Although the proprietaries persisted in terming this surrender a 
 voluntary act, and asserting their right to have retained the govern- 
 ment if they had pleased to do so, they appear to have been swayed in 
 some measures by the threat of an expensive suit with the Crown, which 
 had determined to bring the validity of their pretensions to trial. In 
 the instrument of surrender, the Queen, while she declared her gra- 
 cious acceptance of the power resigned to her by the proprietaries, 
 expressly refuses to acknowledge that these powers ever legally be- 
 longed to them." 
 
 The privileges of the New Jersey colonist were not so extensive 
 under the new order of things as they were before. The twelve coun- 
 cillors who formed the upper house were nominated by the "Crown, 
 and it was made optional with the governor to forward to England 
 for ai)proval any laws they might pass or to disallow them. The 
 governor had the power to suspend members of the council, to appoint 
 others in their places, to establish courts, and to commission all officers, 
 both civil and military. 
 
 While "Quakers were declared eligible" to office, and were al- 
 lowed to take an affirmation instead of an oath, liberty of conscience 
 "was assured to all men except Papists J' ^ The governor was directed 
 to "take especial care" that God Almighty be devoutly and duly 
 served ; " but at the same time the Royal African Company of England 
 was to be fostered and encouraged by the governor — an association 
 whose principal functions were to capture negroes and to sell them as 
 slaves in America. To be sure, inJuiman seventy was not to be al- 
 lowed, and it was made a capital offence to murder a slave. All 
 prititing was prohibited without the governor's permission." — /. 
 Graham'' s Colonial History of the United States, p. 486, /;/ note. — 
 Editor.]
 
 80 PENN AND LOGAN ['701. 
 
 no power how to help his. The three daughters, I think, or 
 son and wife, administer. All amicable among the relations. 
 Once more, returns and affidavits with speed, or the consequences 
 may be ill every way. My love to Friends and all sober people 
 in the government — town or country. Pay my debts as fast 
 as thou canst. I have heard better of Judge Guest by Captain 
 Guest, mercer, in Paternoster Row. Miss no opportunity, direct 
 or eastward, pray. Tell Wm. Fishbourn the widow Howell 
 persecutes me to write to him about money owing from him to 
 her. I promised to hint it to thee. She writes herself More 
 by Capt. Puckle. I wish thee truly well. I am 
 
 Thy real friend, Wm. Penn. 
 
 P. S. — If Governor Hamilton be not there, let the council 
 have his letter, and then send it to him, (unless at Burlington.) 
 I have sent my negative to the charter by way of New York, 
 per Lord Cornbury's ship, the Jersey. Capt. Stapleton has it, 
 directed to the Post-master Sharpies. One to thee, by Barba- 
 does; another per New England; this by Guy. Vale. 
 
 James Logan to William Penn. 
 
 The next letter, dated in the same month, contains accounts 
 of severe losses in trade, which the merchants of Philadelphia 
 experienced about this time. He further says: — "We hear by 
 a letter ('t is said) from Adolph Phillips, in London, that Col. 
 Hamilton is approved for a year by the queen, a confirmation 
 of which would be extremely agreeable to all the Friends here; 
 but the same vessel, taken into St. Maloe's laden with logwood 
 and tobacco, which two commodities together no other port in 
 the English America sends. I doubt but this 
 
 "If so, notwithstanding thy tenderness about insurance, I hope 
 there is some made, having had such frequent advice, &c 
 
 "This loss, if certain, is one addition more to the many this 
 place has sustained this last year, in which they have suffered 
 as much as in all the last war, there being seven vessels lost in 
 and about the W. Indies, (of which but one- by the French,) 
 besides those bound to England There is so great
 
 1702.] CORRESPONDENCE. 8l 
 
 an uncertainty of markets everywhere that we know not how 
 to move or stand. Last fall trade to the W. Indies was dead 
 among us; yet by reason of the queen's ships and forces coming 
 thither in the winter, what was sent answered well, /^yi tons 
 of beer I bought at ;^io per ton, sold there for 24 per ton, and 
 tobacco @ 35 per cwt, though but the refuse of that shipped for 
 London — but of that there is a penny sterling per ft) paid the 
 queen here for duties." 
 
 The rest of the letter is taken up in sorrow for the loss of the 
 Industry, which was part owned by Wm. Penn, and much of her 
 freight upon his account. " She was a new vessel, carefully fitted 
 for her voyage, and sent round to New York to go under convoy 
 of the Advice frigate, the captain of which, under pretence of 
 orders from the Prince, left them, excusing himself as civilly as 
 he could, and particularly to us in a letter; for I was acquainted 
 with him when he accompanied Lord Cornbury hither; but I 
 think his neglecting to protect them should be resented, &c. 
 
 "That lump of scandal, G. K., has left us for Virginia." 
 
 1702. 
 
 James Logan to William Penn. 
 \_Ext7'act.'\ Pennsbury, [no date.'] 
 
 Though there were forty acres cleared at Pennsbury at thy 
 going off, there was but little fit for immediate service. John 
 Sotcher has now cleared, I suppose, forty acres since, and is 
 resolved to make it pay for itself, though he has not hitherto 
 been able to do it. — They misinform who say the place goes 
 to ruin. John and Mary are as good servants as any in America, 
 but will not stay upon it unless thou designs over quickly. She 
 has two little children, — are healthy and not troublesome. The 
 garden, it is true, is not cultivated; nor is there any reason it 
 should in your absence. All or most of the parterres are dead 
 by blasting. 
 
 VOL. I. — 7
 
 82 PENN AND LOGAN [1702. 
 
 James Logan to William Penn, 
 
 Philadelphia, 2d yinio., 1702. 
 
 Thine of the 4th of the nth mo., and 3d of the 12th mo., I re- 
 ceived per Capt. Guy, i8th ult., bringing the first happy news of 
 your safe arrival, though the night before, and no sooner, we had 
 an uncertain report of it from Virginia — news that came highly 
 acceptable to all the honest here, by the fear that through a 
 jealousy of the vessel being crank, and weak by her beating 
 when on ground in the bay, together with the danger of the 
 coast and season, had been raised to a great height in us all, 
 your preservation over which has been duly acknowledged by 
 the sober and well-minded everywhere amongst us. 
 
 A few days after, I also received a copy of the 1st, by the 
 way, as I judge, of Barbadoes, enclosing thy negative to the 
 great charter, under thy seal, but not signed; and within a few 
 minutes after, another, by way of Boston, enclosed to Dan'I 
 Zachary, the contents of which shall be duly observed. 
 
 Since the date of those, I hope mine by way of New York, 
 per Capt. Darkin, has come to hand, enclosing several copies of 
 charters, &c., a copy of which, and another of tlie great charter, 
 accompany this. 
 
 It has exceedingly troubled me that no more opportunities 
 5incc that presented that could be used. The ship, we heard, 
 staid at New York good part of the winter; but the distractions 
 of that unhappy place grew so high before she sailed, by reason 
 of some petitions and addresses that were sent, or intended, by 
 her, (for which Col. Bayard has since received the sentence of 
 death for high treason,^ and Ph. French and T. Wenham outlawed 
 
 ' [Col. Nicholas Bayard was reprieved, and the sentence against him 
 was reversed. An Act was subsequently passed, at the instance of Lord 
 Cornbury, reversing the judgment against him, and all the proceedings 
 thereon, for, as it was styled by Attorney-general Northey, ^'pretended 
 high treason,'" which treason consisted of nothing more, according to 
 the representation of Lord Cornbury, than "signing, and procuring 
 others to sign, an address to her Majesty, another to the Parliament of 
 England, and another to myself (Lord Cornbury) on my arrival." 
 The abettor of these tyrannical proceedings was Atwood, then chief-
 
 1702.] CORRESPONDENCE. 83 
 
 upon their flight, who were accompanied with scores of others, 
 that upon a proclamation of indemnity mostly returned, amongst 
 whom their parson Vesey, who is since, they say, suspended,) that 
 there was no sending packets that way, the vessel being so nar- 
 rowly searched, especially from this government, where Governor 
 Hamilton had also rendered himself obnoxious to their indigna- 
 tion for only acting the part of a friendly and generous neigh- 
 bor, by sending Governor Nanfan, who drove furiously in this 
 matter, a letter of advice not by too great rigor and precipitancy 
 in a tender point to bring at least his reputation under the 
 greatest hazard. This w^as highly resented by the said governor, 
 who returned a scurrilous answer, much unworthy of a gentleman 
 in every respect. 
 
 The account of accusation, &c., I shall leave to other hands, 
 who doubtless will largely supply it, being none of my business, 
 and mentioned here chiefly as one great cause of no more 
 coming from me that way. . . The affidavits thou desires is the 
 only thing that renders what has been said unhappy. 
 
 I have observed orders with respect to the appraisers of 
 Lumby's goods, who were Charles Read, John Budd, senior 
 and junior — the first and last particularly ; these two, especially 
 the first, whom I take with the most here to be a truly honest 
 man, expressed a very high resentment at the admiralty officers' 
 unfair proceedings in endeavoring to procure so low an appraise- 
 ment, by alleging it would prove a favor to the owners of the 
 goods, who 'twas probable, they said, would have them again at 
 the price they should set on them. This was strongly urged, 
 they say; and when not so much observed by the appraisers as 
 desired, Col. Quary, both declare, expressed much uneasiness 
 
 justice of the province of New York, a most unworthy person, and 
 who pronounced Samuel Bayard, son of the accused, an accessory 
 to the alleged high treason, and bound him over accordingly, because 
 he advised his father not to own himself guilty. 
 
 Philip French and Thomas Wenham both returned to New York 
 and filled important offices. — Documents relating to Col. Hist, of N. 
 Y. See Index. 
 
 For some account of French and the Rev. William Vesey, see bio- 
 graphical notes by Doct. O'Callaghan, Documents Relating, &c., vol. 
 iv. 396, 534-— Editor.]
 
 84 PENN AND LOGAN [1702. 
 
 and great dissatisfaction. This earnestness, with the want of 
 the invoices from England, occasioned the appraisement in most 
 cases to be so low; yet Charles declared, through a suspicion 
 all things might not prove so fair as pretended, and believing 
 they should be attested, he endeavored to bring it, though much 
 against the grain, as near as he could, to the best of his judg- 
 ment, if ready money had been then offered, but acknowledges 
 they were abused, particularly resenting their disposing of all 
 or good part of their own and the king's thirds, presently after, 
 at the best advance they could get, notwithstanding what was 
 pretended in favor of the owners. This, he says, he would 
 willingly have had an opportunity of declaring to thee before 
 Col. Quary, but now thinks it not proper to touch with it 
 further, unless judicially called to it; but will be ready, I suppose, 
 at any time to declare what is here said, upon any just occasion. 
 
 What relates to the old Spaniard I shall mention nearer the 
 close, and speak further of some others of the same kind. 
 
 To obviate those three unworthy charges made there ^ by Col. 
 Quary, mentioned in thine to the governor, I have taken all 
 proper courses that occurred. 
 
 The first, I believe, is effectually done by a certificate indorsed 
 about the word "swearing," of which I have two duplicates, also 
 signed by some of the chief of such as were of note at that 
 election, and sticklers on the other side. 
 
 Were I to seek such as voted without thought, and only by 
 others' example, I might get many more hands to it; but I have 
 endeavored for none but those whose testimony in the case 
 Col. Quary cannot, I believe, have the face to object against it, 
 being all engaged on his party's side that day, and men generally 
 of integrity and known reputation in his own friends' opinion; 
 however, I shall get more hands, I believe, to one or both the 
 others. 
 
 The same certificate will also obviate the other charge of thy 
 influencing the election. It might have been fuller, I confess; 
 but to answer the first was the design of it; and what is there 
 mentioned that way is in a manner accidental, being drawn by 
 
 ' In England. — L.
 
 I702.] CORRESPONDENCE. 85 
 
 some of the subscribers, who, through an abhorrence of the 
 injustice and unworthiness of the charges, were willing to under- 
 take to clear thee. 
 
 In answer to the third, about turning out the magistrates, 
 comes an affidavit from those four friends who were concerned; 
 the other two were Jno. Jones, not yet returned from Barbadoes, 
 and Jno. Bevan, who, being a resident in Chester county, viz. 
 Radnor township, was put in by a mistake, therefore declined 
 acting at that time, as well as ever since, though till thy departure 
 in the Commission. Were John Moll alive he could do justice 
 on that point; but honest Andrew Bankson is in a manner 
 superannuated. 
 
 The same certificate will also obviate the other charge about 
 the influencing of elections, &c. 
 
 In matters of government, things have generally, through 
 the governor's care, gone quietly on, though some difficulties 
 were endeavored to be raised by those who have always shown 
 their inclination that way, especially about administering the 
 oath, appointed by Act of Parliament, to the governor, for the 
 particulars of which I crave leave to refer to the governor him- 
 self, and the two days' minutes of council that come inclosed, 
 with a copy of the dedimus and Judge Atwood's opinion, scarce 
 necessary there, I suppose, because all the Inns and Templars 
 would, I believe, fully concur in the same. 
 
 I could not foresee any occasion of sending any papers about 
 this till those three of the council named in the dedimus that are 
 here exciting their ill-nature, upon the oath being administered 
 without them, let fall some expressions, by which I understand, 
 that composition of vinegar and wormwood, J. Moor, had infused 
 himself into his pen and transmitted something home, as they 
 call it, the very name of which, because the bishop lives there, 
 they think should fright us. 
 
 We are really unhappily engaged here by lying exposed to 
 such malicious spies, whose sedulity to serve a dishonest cause 
 keeps their thoughts constantly on the tenters, and dresses up 
 each trivial passage in their secret cabals into a monstrous shape 
 of malfeasance, the real subject of which is so slight where acted, 
 that the persons concerned in it scarce ever think of it more till
 
 '86 PENNANDLOGAN \_IJ02. 
 
 they hear it roar from some mighty court or committee there, 
 and made an argument for invading others' rights, though in 
 itself scarce worthy of one thought of a man of business. While 
 we find by experience what they do, in other cases what they 
 do I know not. 
 
 The same diligence may show itself in a passage so foolish 
 and trivial that the governor, I suppose, has not thought it 
 worth his while to notice; nor should I, could we ever be secure 
 from their secret attacks and wounds, given without the least 
 notice. It is this: 
 
 About four months ago a foolish fellow, coming to town from 
 Jersey, dropped some expressions as if he had hid a great sum 
 of money near the Capes, got the old way upon the seas, which 
 gained him credit enough amongst some to furnish himself with 
 a few pieces of 8 for his pocket, which, notwithstanding his 
 hidden treasure lie here, he seemed to want. Some hearing of 
 this, informed J. Moore of it, who hinted it to me in the street, 
 where he accidentally saw me, but would not be plain in it. In 
 the afternoon, however, he showed me a deposition or informa- 
 tion, and told me he had issued out his warrant, and that John 
 Joyce was in quest of him. I wished him success, desiring him 
 to take more assistance of the government if he needed it, and 
 we would join him; but he was not then for it. About nine at 
 night, the governor being out of town, he sent me word the 
 man could not be found, but desired the government would 
 take notice of it, and cause a search accordingly with all the 
 constables in town. I searched all suspicious places till two in 
 the morning, and at length heard of a certainty that, fearing the 
 effects of his free discourse, he had passed over to Gloucester. 
 Thither we sent a boat in the morning, but he was gone, and so 
 our pursuit with the extent of our authority, that being another 
 government, but gave notice of it in our own. Two days after 
 he was taken up near Chester, whither he had again crossed the 
 river, and brought up by the sheriff of that place to town the 
 same afternoon. The governor coming to town examined and 
 committed him, though there was little reason to believe by his 
 examination but that his crime was the intemperance of his 
 tongue and cheating his friends of a little pocket-money. The
 
 1702.] CORRESPONDENCE. 87 
 
 governor, as I said, found no cause to suspect him of piracy, 
 though enough of a vagrant or rogue, and therefore left him to 
 the more particular examination of Judge Guest, who trying him 
 again wrote his mittimus as for a loose, idle person only. At 
 the last court of quarter sessions, the prisoner being called, the 
 attorney-general craved his mittimus might be read, which 
 accordingly wajs done, and must confess it proved no master- 
 piece, though something like an original, in which the suspicion of 
 piracy was no ways taken notice of, and his crime rendered slight 
 by the civil magistrate, when by the last Act against pirates it 
 was cognizable only by some of the commissioners (of admiralty). 
 It was laid hold on by J. Moore, and resented high in court to 
 a degree of indecency. Nothing appearing against the fellow 
 on that head, it was thought best by some to clear him by 
 proclamation; and for what could be objected against him on 
 account of piracy he might be committed de novo by proper 
 persons who have cognizance of that crime; but I being in 
 court opposed his being cleared of anything, so that he was 
 remanded to prison, where he now lies. This relation is not 
 worth while if there be nothing said of it; but fearing the old 
 private method, it is best to guard against it. I must take 
 notice if anything material can now be brought against him: 
 'tis from the injustice since his commitment, for before, I must 
 confess, the grounds of our suspicions appeared so foolish that 
 I was ashamed of the pains I had taken, were it not that I 
 thought it safer, because of the cries that have been made against 
 us, to err rather on the overdoing hand than under; and this 
 tenderness of ours now keeps the poor fellow a prisoner. 
 Whether guilty of anything, or not guilty, none here knows, 
 
 nor is like to know, for he can have no trial 
 
 It is generally believed here that upon the vote of the house, 
 that the state of the plantations should be laid before them, the 
 charter governments will be handled among the rest, and that 
 the war will oblige the parliament to carry on that act of annex- 
 ing them to the Crown for their better security and defence; 
 nor can I find any, even of our friends, desirous that it should 
 be otherwise, provided thou canst make good terms for thyself 
 and them; for they seem both weary and careless of government.
 
 88 PENN AND LOGAN 1^702. 
 
 Governor Hamilton has stood inoffensively to all, but is sen- 
 sible of his weakness for want of approbation, thy silence in 
 which makes him exceeding uneasy as well as incapable of 
 exerting those powers that are sometimes absolutely necessary 
 for keeping government above contempt; he therefore by me 
 earnestly entreats thee to move in that, and either procure an 
 approbation or know the contrary. 'Tis objected, we hear, by 
 the lords of trade, or some of them, that he has headed a party 
 in the Jerseys,^ and is therefore unfit for their government; but, 
 should that act go on, or the contrary, he has not done so here, 
 but stands blameless on all hands, and therefore may deserve 
 the post without objection, unless his country be made one, 
 which we are informed is like to be put to a push this critical 
 juncture in parliament; and perhaps his name being given 
 among the list of governors may be one further occasion of 
 having it determined on what foot the nation stands. 
 
 However it prove, it will shortly be found necessary, both in 
 the opinion of the government there and many here, that some 
 defence of this place should be provided. The governor, upon 
 publishing his commission, put the people in expectation of a 
 militia, which he always intended, but held his hand till he 
 might hear of his approbation, if to be obtained, which therefore 
 the more disturbed him. In the Monthly Mercury for January 
 there is, under the head of France, a passage which, if true, may 
 prove of the highest ill-consequence to us, viz., that the governor 
 of Canada has made a peace with the Iroquois, which will 
 oblige the greater care in what has been said. Albany, by it, 
 seems ruined; and we shall be greatly exposed when that bar- 
 rier of the Five Nations is removed. 
 
 The only way to procure peace to the English colonies here 
 from the attempts of the intriguing enemy, seems to be a strong 
 attack at sea; for if we lose the Iroquois, we are gone by land. 
 But it is to be feared England will rather leave us to tug for 
 ourselves, that we may be inured to war; for there are no 
 succors to be expected to a colony, especially a step-child as 
 
 ' Governor Hamilton was at the same time Governor of the Jerseys 
 and of Pennsylvania. — L.
 
 1702] CORRESPONDENCE. 89 
 
 we are, from her principles, while one effort more lies in her 
 power. Should we be attacked, who are quite destitute of 
 Indians, we are in the worst condition; for all Caesar's army 
 could not cope with a few pf them without the assistance of 
 some of their own nation and mode of warfare. Perhaps I may- 
 be thought to meddle too far; but I am sure it is worth thine 
 and perhaps all the kingdom's consideration. 
 
 The sale of thy land, upon the first insult that way, would be 
 at an end, especially where we have it to sell, viz., in the remoter 
 places. Yet I hope over all, this is not true, considering Governor 
 Nanfan's treaty last summer; but if his skill was no greater then, 
 than by his conduct has appeared since, there was little to be 
 depended on from him, and the vigilance of that colony, Canada, 
 I mean, is always to be suspected. The last-mentioned governor, 
 when Lord Cornbury's flag came in sight, with the council and 
 assembly then setting, passed several wicked Acts, as one particu- 
 larly says, and among the rest one to enlarge the number of 
 representatives in such places as the Dutch most abounded, and 
 were sure to carry it, with a restriction upon all succeeding 
 governors not to add any further. We cannot yet know how 
 things are like to go there; but if we may conjecture, that lord 
 must be without resentment, or he will remember the indignity 
 put upon him by huddling up business of that moment, and so 
 nearly affecting him, in sight of his flag; and from thence, 
 perhaps, the present may be judged. They also passed an Act 
 granting ;{^200 more a year to their lieutenant-governor, and 
 £^0 more to the judge for two or three years; and in case they 
 were suspended, that double the sum should be forthwith paid 
 out of their treasury; — another Act for outlawing P. French and 
 T. Wenham, three days after the latter had surrendered himself 
 This kind of management in that frontier colony looks ill. God 
 divert what seems too near impending. 
 
 The lower counties are quiet, and have been so, — only New- 
 castle have baulked their courts, but I believe will no more, 
 there being now a set of magistrates that I hope will do busi- 
 ness. Captain Finney went the circuit, as judge, in Caleb Pusey's 
 place. 
 
 There comes now a full copy of all the laws in force, under the
 
 90 PENN AND LOGAN [17O2. 
 
 great seal, by order of the council. Joseph Pidgeon has procured 
 two copies, under the seal, of that law for intestates' estates, to 
 help forward the approbation, without which his children will 
 be cut off from great part of their grandfather's estate, which 
 would by that law fall to their share. 
 
 As if there were some spell upon it, nothing [was] done in 
 the old Spaniard's business after thy departure. He would never 
 be brought to a hearing, though the governor endeavored and 
 proposed all he could to do him justice. If any can be found who 
 can recollect anything of it, it shall come by next opportunity. 
 
 There is scarce anything in the government I have been 
 more troubled about, or that I have been able to do less in. 
 Every one seems to have an aversion in their thoughts against 
 being concerned in it, and cannot imagine that C. Saunders' 
 proving a knave, if it really were so, can affect thee because he 
 lived under thy government. Were thou to be charged with all' 
 the villanies committed in it, by some that hold their heads 
 higher, it would be extremely hard. The government was never 
 in the least concerned in it, and there can be no reason that 
 thou should engage for C. Saunders' reputation. If Isaac Norris 
 be attacked, he only desires the proof may be left to his accounts, 
 which he will attest to. 
 
 My deposition I have not sent at large, as ordered, and 
 Thomas Farmer's under it. There comes also another of his 
 about Keeble, a villanous business. The story is thus: 
 
 I. Keeble coming to Philadelphia and complaining of being 
 prosecuted, some of the vestry laid hold on it, and desired him 
 to give a true state of the case under his hand, for it might be 
 of service in England. Accordingly he gave in a paper at Dr. 
 Hall's; but that not pleasing them, they desired he would alter 
 it. He told them that was the truth of what he had to say, that 
 he had not time then to stay, but that he would sign a blank 
 and they might fill it up as they thought most proper, and so 
 departed. At his return he applied himself to the minister 
 Evans to know what was done in it, who gave him a copy of 
 what he told him they had wrote about his name, all in the 
 minister's own hand, but considerably different from what he 
 had given in, at which, he says, he could not help expressing
 
 1702.] CORRESPONDENCE. gi 
 
 some resentment, having made him say in some places what 
 was absolutely false, as particularly that there was two couple 
 and two free servants, when there was but one couple married 
 in all. I had been discoursing with him before, and he pro- 
 mised me a copy of the paper sent, and for which John Jones 
 gave me the enclosed, wrote in the said Jones's hand; but upon 
 a full confession of the business, I found that was neither an 
 exact copy of what he gave in, nor yet of that which the 
 minister sent to the bishop, copies of both which he produced, 
 all wrote in Evans's hand, as both Jones and he affirmed. They 
 would not part with them then, but promised me copies exactly 
 done, which I have not yet got. Keeble going suddenly out 
 of town upon it, and I within two days went to Bucks to the 
 court there, and T. Farmer, who was present, to New York, 
 which consumed the delay of the affidavit, and hirri to be unable 
 to be so exact in the relation as might be wished. Keeble 
 offered then to give all this upon oath, but I could not get it 
 administered; for he suspected nothing, I believe, of my sending 
 this information. 
 
 The copy enclosed is in J. Jones's hand; and as he thought 
 fit to mend it, the black-lead lines show where it differs from 
 that sent home, which I also in dark-lead lines marked on the 
 back of it, and from thence have drawn an exact copy of what 
 they say was sent to the bishop. J. Jones faithfully promised 
 me copies of them all under his hand, but failed. He manages 
 Keeble's business, and a few days ago was married to J. Moll's 
 widow. I send also a copy of S. Peres's account 
 
 Philip James is lately deceased, as also Major Donaldson,* 
 who became very well inclined in his last weakness, and re- 
 commended peace to his consorts. 
 
 There comes with the rest I enclosed, a list of the freemen of 
 Chester county, procured with much trouble, and distinguished 
 as desired. I am now almost in despair of getting any for 
 Philadelphia county, things there being always the most retro- 
 grade. 
 
 ' He lived in the lower counties, and had been in opposition to the 
 Proprietor's government. — L.
 
 92 PENN AND LOGAN [1702. 
 
 In the end of the winter, a Welsh young man, a few miles out 
 of town, killed his first cousin, by throwing a small stick, frozen 
 hard with a knot of ice at the end of it, at his head, which struck 
 him on the temple. He was not tried at the provincial court, 
 his counsel objecting against the jury. 
 
 The corporation of Philadelphia go on in earnest. They have 
 their meetings and seal, make freemen and publish orders in 
 due form ; but the county justices and city magistrates had like 
 to have clashed last court about the aldermen's sitting, which 
 seems no way regular, but they got over it for that time. Judge 
 Guest is much borne down on all hands, and is about leaving us. 
 
 I have been particular to too great a prolixity, but hope 'tis 
 very excusable. I shall therefore now beg leave, with my best 
 wishes for the prosperity of the family, to conclude. 
 
 Thy most faithful and dutiful James Logan. 
 
 James Logan to William Penn.' 
 
 Philadelphia, 7//; of 2,(i, 1702. 
 Honored Governor: — My first, begun the 2d instant, I de- 
 signed should convey all I had to say; but since, I find, it may 
 prove more convenient to write of thy property, &c., distinct 
 from the other, in that I have been several times too prolix, 
 and therefore here shall be shorter. The council first sat every 
 2d and 4th day, which being in the height of winter, and people 
 crowding to get business done, it took up so much of my time, 
 that little else could be followed; since that we have altered 
 the days, and now I allow only two days in the week to all 
 business of that kind, and therefore have more time to ply 
 others. Besides making returns, which now make the chief of 
 my care, the success of thy affair depends mostly on our execu- 
 
 ^ [Portions only of this letter are copied by Mrs. Logan, which 
 she entitles, '^ Some account of the state of affairs in the Province, and 
 of various transactions in Philadelphia, extracted from /a?nes Logan' s 
 Copy-Book of Letters, &'€.'''' Having had access to the original, we 
 are enabled, with some unimportant omissions, to present the letter 
 entire. — Editor.]
 
 1702.] CORRESPONDENCE. 93 
 
 tion of that commission, overplus lands proving in many places 
 better than expected, though in Philadelphia county very bare. 
 We have sold almost all that part of Rocklands^ that fell with- 
 out N. E. line, at £2^ or ^30 per hundred. The line near the 
 river comes to Chichester town, but is not approved of by 
 Newcastle County, because the circle, they say, is swept too far 
 round them. We have agreed for and sold to the value of near 
 ;^I500, at rates which the county much complained of, though 
 if lands should advance as they have done, of which I almost 
 despair, perhaps thou may do the same of, as in time to come; 
 but I am sure \ve do not deserve it, for in many places we have 
 raised the price of lands among the people from one to another. 
 Very much depends upon resurveys, which go briskly enough 
 on in such places where we can expect to get anything. We 
 are well provided with surveyors in Bucks and Chester, but in 
 Philadelphia we are most at a loss, for a reason I shall give else- 
 where. Edward Penington's decease, of the small-pox, of which I 
 suppose thou hast heard by Is. Norris, cast us much back. The 
 disposal of that office thou wilt see at large by a copy of our min- 
 utes on that head which accompanies this, with others of the same 
 book. Because of Isaac Norris's letter I say no more. Jac. Taylor, 
 the young man there mentioned, who has wrote a pretty almanac 
 for this year, one of which comes enclosed, has also had the 
 same distemper, now greatly reigning amongst us, but is very 
 w^ell recovered, which has been a second hindrance. S. Carpenter 
 has lost his son Abraham by it; and but a few houses in town 
 are or have been clear, though now 'tis grown very favorable. 
 Isaac Norris's wife^ and family are now down in it, and Samuel 
 
 ^ The manor of Rocklands extended from the Brandywine to 
 Naaman's creek, and consequently contained all those immensely 
 valuable mill -seats on this side of the Brandywine. — L. 
 
 ^ My grandfather, according to a traditional account in his family, 
 came into this country in the year 1690. He was born in the Isle of 
 Wight, Great Britain, and removed with his parents when young to 
 Jamaica, where being dissatisfied, he came into Pennsylvania to look 
 for a settlement for the family; but on his return to that island in 1692, 
 he found they had perished in the great- earthquake. Collecting the 
 small remains of his property, he returned and settled in Philadelphia, 
 where he married one of the daughters of Thos. Lloyd. An excellent 
 understanding, great prudence and moderation, with a sweetness of
 
 94 PENN AND LOGAN [1702. 
 
 Preston narrowly escaped being the sorest visited, who has re- 
 covered. That pillar of Bucks county, Phineas Pemberton, worn 
 away with his long-afflicting distemper, was removed about the 
 5th of 1st month last. Hearing he was past hopes, I went to 
 visit him the day before he departed. He was sensible and 
 comfortable to the last, and inquiring solicitously about thy 
 affairs and the parliament; gave his last offering, his dear love, 
 to thee and thine, and particularly recommended the care of his 
 estate to me in thy behalf, desiring that his services in collecting 
 the rents with Samuel Jennings might be considered in his 
 own, otherwise he should be wronged; and that his attendance 
 at Newcastle assembly, when his plantation and business so 
 much suffered by it, might, according to thy promise, be paid, 
 with his overplus in Warminster, which he said was but little, 
 and not valuable. I was with him when he departed, and com- 
 ing to Philadelphia that day, returned to his burial. He lies 
 interred in his plantation on the river, with the rest of his 
 relations. His daughter, they say, is to be married to Jeremiah 
 Langhorne. As for returns, there cannot more be done by man 
 than I to my utmost endeavors, and that, under the greatest 
 hardships. There is no way of getting money in, but what I 
 have industriously tried as far as lies in my power, rents in the 
 province only excepted, which are not yet so forward; but I am 
 now putting them on everywhere, and hope I shall raise some- 
 thing considerable that way; but the scarcity of money lays us 
 all under the greatest difficulties. The quantity was lessening 
 all the time thou wast here, but since the decay appears so very 
 great that we know not to what reason to ascribe it, but gives 
 many occasion to believe and say thou hast carried great sums 
 out with thee, of the contrary of which I am but too good an 
 evidence. The tax I cannot get, pushed on by all the means I 
 could use, and I really fear we shall lose great part of it, not- 
 
 temper and courtesy of manners, rendered him universally acceptable. 
 Though in extensive business for that time as a merchant, yet he was 
 exceedingly serviceable in the government, his time and talents being 
 often employed for the public good. He retired from trade to his 
 seat, Fairhill, where he lived in much comfort and hospitality. He 
 was born 1671; died June 4th, 1735, when he was chief-justice of 
 Pennsylvania, universally regretted. — L.
 
 1702.] CORRESPONDENCE. 95 
 
 withstanding we may suffer by the sound. Jos. Carpenter stands 
 chiefly in the way, who threatens high to prosecute, though 
 with the expense of one thousand pounds, any who shall distrain. 
 This makes the collector, who is W. Tonge the under-sheriff, 
 very timorous and backward. About five days ago I had at 
 length roused him to a pitch that he was resolved to try; but 
 thy desiring us to keep all things quiet made me inclinable 
 that he should hold his hand then, till they could not have time 
 to dress up anything to send by this opportunity; but before 
 one week is over, I am resolved it shall be tried, whatever the 
 consequences may prove; for nothing can be more unreasonable 
 than that we should have the name, and bear the blame too, 
 perhaps, among some, and yet have nothing for it. The country, 
 everywhere willing, cannot pay for want of money; and for the 
 same reason the subscriptions are very much behind, not for 
 want of good will, but for want of some way to bring it into 
 my hands, for all our trade is now by discount and transfer 
 of debts. It will all be paid, I suppose; but several little 
 debts standing out take off some part of it, — such as ;^20 to 
 Joseph Kirkbride for a servant, and ;i^ioo by a bill on me to 
 that meeting, and many such. I have not received a farthing 
 above ^180 of Richard Stockton . . . He would give any 
 security could he have it upon interest; but it is nowhere to be 
 had amongst us that either he or I can hear of He offers 
 interest to us, which, to be sure, his bond will bring; but that 
 does not answer. I must take the greatest part of the province 
 rents in wheat, I believe; but that will scarce do, I fear, for I 
 would fain make returns some other way. Of all the bonds I 
 took in Newcastle county, I have received but 200 bushels of 
 wheat, or thereabouts: this I sent a shallop on purpose, having 
 first given them notice by a good hand, sent down some weeks 
 before, who was very pressing with them, and appointed a day 
 for the vessel to call. I have received and discounted £60 or 
 £yo more other ways, but only £\2 in money. Of all the land 
 sold we have not yet received ;^I50. The country must have 
 time, or they cannot buy at all; and though their bonds be 
 given, when the time comes there is scarce any money. I have 
 considerable due the 25th ist mo. last, yet scarcely anything paid.
 
 96 PENNAND LOGAN [1702. 
 
 It would keep a man and horse employed only to go a dunning. 
 This so melancholy that I am afraid to proceed, yet must and 
 will tell thee, that of the bills remitted home last year from 
 Samuel Chew, &c., there was ^150 left due when thou went 
 away home — ;^lOO to Thomas Masters, to I. Coutts for flour: 
 had these, and the rest to others, which I have paid. Those 
 unhappy, expensive mills have cost since, at least ;^200 in our 
 money, besides several other accounts upon them. They both go 
 these ten days past. The town mi4P (though before ;^I50 had 
 been thrown away upon her through miller's weakness and C. 
 Empson's contrivance) (?) does exceeding well, and of a small one 
 is equal to any of this province. I turned out that old fool as 
 soon as thou wast gone, and put her into good and expeditious 
 hands, who at the opening of the frost would set her a-going, 
 had not the want of stones delayed; and the dam afterwards 
 breaking with a freshet prevented. A job that I was asked 
 ;!f 100 by the miller, who lately came from England (Warwick's 
 Real), to repair, but got it done for ;^io. The walls, in the 
 frost, were all ready to tumble down, which we were forced to 
 underpin five feet deeper, the most troublesome piece of work 
 we had about her. There was nothing done in all this, nor is 
 there anything of moment, without Edward Shippen's and G. 
 Owens' advice, where his is proper. Besides the £'^0 paid Capt. 
 Tregearny, I have paid H. Badcock near £^0, and the butcher 
 near £60 on the old account, and the baker £2>i, all due at thy 
 departure, with several other bills that became very thick on 
 me, which entirely drained me of all I could receive in the 
 winter by any means whatsoever, and left me quite empty-handed 
 when the spring came to make returns. Howsoever, I have 
 pushed forward that way to my utmost, and, notwithstanding 
 what has been said, have done as near as much as if under 
 none of these hardships We have made our agree- 
 ment for land, I believe of great consequence, but whether good 
 or ill I know not. I have from the first been exceedingly 
 uneasy about it, and would have drove it off, but could not. 
 
 ^ [The town mill, at this time known as the Governor's Mill, was 
 afterwards known as the Globe Mill, and stood on the west side of Ger- 
 mantown Road, between Canal Street and Girard Avenue. — Editor.]
 
 I702.] CORRESPONDENCE. 97 
 
 'Tis that of the Octoraro settlement of 18,000 acres, a copy of 
 the minutes of which comes enclosed, to which I refer thee. 
 Land, 'tis certain, lies in dispute, and within the bounds of 
 Talbot's grant, as we are since informed. C. Empson was the 
 chief, and very eager for it. I thought at first, by his proposals, 
 it was much more north than it proved, and would be a great 
 encouragement for the settlement of Susquehanna, as doubtless 
 it will. However, having among themselves contrived their 
 expedition, they were resolved on it, and would have gone to 
 Maryland. Some threatened (but not Cornelius) others that they 
 would find other measures; and Thomas Fairman, 'tis certain, was 
 resolved on it all last winter, for that company, and had spoke 
 to chainmen to go with him to survey it, which "had he done, I 
 could not have been sorry, if it proves so contestable, only that 
 by that means so noble a settlement would have been defeated, 
 which ought really to be encouraged. They all design to settle 
 it forthwith, under certain regulations, which if they do, the 
 3000 reserved for thee, which with much trouble I obtained, 
 will be more valuable than the whole was before. I advised 
 with Samuel Carpenter and the best of others, who all, as 
 well as the commoner, concurred that it should -be granted. 
 The land, I perceive, is a rich commodious tract, about eight or 
 ten miles from the navigable part of Northeast River. 
 
 From Samuel Carpenter's hand I received a letter, directed 
 to thee, enclosed to him from Anthony Sharp, which he assured 
 me was of business, and therefore persuaded me to open it. In 
 the course of it I found one particular pleasing to us both, viz., 
 his advising with thee about the purchase of all Talbot's manor, 
 which he said was offered to him. If, instead of him, thou canst 
 purchase it for anything under ;{^2000, if it contain what they 
 say it does, viz., 6000 or 8000 acres, I do engage, if we have 
 peace, to raise the money off one half of it, and much less in 
 less than three years. That had disposed of I know is the best; 
 but the settling of that will do the same by the rest, and there 
 wanted encouragement to carry a cart-road above 40 miles 
 through the woods, which they have engaged to do forthwith; 
 upon their entry, they were eager to begin this spring, but 
 desiring to have a clear title, were resolved to go into Maryland
 
 98 PENNAND LOGAN [1702. 
 
 and purchase Talbot's place from his agent there, -if to be done; 
 but, hearing of it, diverted the design, assuring them it lay in 
 thy power, more than any other's, to accommodate that point. I 
 believe really 'tis below 40°, and with that could be settled, 
 only the government should thou purchase it, will not follow 
 the soil, and that will lessen the value. This I believe will 
 retard the settlement this year. Susquehanna business goes but 
 slowly on for want of time for the undertakers to follow, viz., 
 S. Carpenter to follow it, as they say Samuel is a true friend, 
 but overburdened with his own business; and 'tis entirely out 
 of my way to manage it, being able only to press him on: 
 however, I have hopes there will be above ;^5000 subscribed; 
 but the pay we must leave to the state of the times, which will 
 influence it. I hope, then, thou wilt come to a full resolution 
 there what is to be done in the company's business who pur- 
 chased the 6000 acres. Thou art under an obligation by thy 
 deeds, which must either be complied with or some other way 
 discharged. I have read over copies of the deeds here, and find 
 
 it in power to do a world of mischief, and seen bitter 
 
 angry letters to him (subscribed by those from whom thou 
 wouldst not expect it, perhaps) to do his duty. He halts 
 between two; and am sure he is not faithful to them, though 
 honest to thee, in it; but how he will answer if they prove 
 rigid I know not. His son lives with me in J. Sander's place. 
 He is not so good a hand, but seems really honest. For the 
 sake of the bill I supplied J. Sanders with £1$ when I could 
 very ill spare, for which he drew ;^iO on his mother, which she 
 will not, I suppose, scruple to pay as the fatted calf at the 
 return of her prodigal. He left me soon after thy departure, 
 because his wages would have run higher than I could afford. 
 I paid him to the last penny, and mostly on my own account, 
 though he could scarce believe it. He has behaved himself very 
 well ever since, having spent his time in learning navigation; 
 and now is the bearer of this, or a copy. He desired to be 
 mentioned; and I do him but justice. Jos. Growdon has had 
 his land resurveyed, together with all Bensalem township, of 
 which I send also a minute. Please to consider whether he shall 
 have the manor as desired, without thy orders. I am sure I
 
 I702.] CORRESPONDENCE. 99 
 
 shall not agree, though he procured a resurvey on the whole 
 
 township in expectation of it D. Lloyd carries smooth, 
 
 but is the same at heart. He aimed a home blow at the charter, 
 which would have satiated him with revenge if it can be done; 
 for it appears to me to be levelled for thy ruin. Yet some 
 courts of that kind, not interfering with the king, and rather 
 enlarging than abridging thy powers, are much to be desired; 
 for without them thou canst never be safe or honorable; and 
 therefore hope those, with such privileges as the Jerseys .upon 
 their surrender crave, will be thy endeavor, which being once 
 obtained thou wilt be happier, in my judgment, without than 
 with the government. If the Act pass, and king's governor 
 must come before thee, let me put thee in mind to recommend 
 me in behalf of thy interest warmly to him, for it will prove a 
 great advantage to thy affairs here. But if any, I hope he will 
 be such as will be in a great measure directed by thee. We 
 shall be exceeding glad to see Master William here; and, for 
 my part, never be wanting in anything that may tend to thy 
 or his interest and honor. But I hope he will come as little as 
 possible forearmed with prejudice against any; and then I shall 
 to my utmost endeavor to give the most impartial information. 
 I wish thou hadst been pleased to mention whether his family 
 comes or not, and whether for a stay. If thou ever see cause to 
 send over any new commission of any kind from thence, pray 
 suffer me to desire that they may be authentic; for such as have 
 been formerly will not go down now, especially relating to 
 property. I have sent over copies of the chief, viz., of ours' of 
 the council; and I think that of the governor's will be ready. 
 They were all done in haste. Thou may remember that ours 
 of the property is not much amiss, I suppose. I have thought 
 often to draw a draft of one to erect us into a proprietary, that 
 by a jury sometimes we may be capable of determining some 
 differences about lands, which now we cannot, and are much 
 perplexed. Pray be not prevailed on to make easy grants there 
 on applications made from hence; for we endeavor to steer by 
 justice without partiality, and have here the opportunities of 
 
 ^ Commissioners of property. — L.
 
 lOO PENN AND LOGAN [1702. 
 
 knowing the arguments on both sides, only in some cases where 
 'tis left in thy breast; and then we shall send over our minutes 
 as now, to which we pray this answer. That insatiate office- 
 monger, Capt. Finney, will perhaps solicit thee for the surveyor- 
 general's place, as he did us immediately upon Edward Pening- 
 ton's death; but 'tis only to farm it out for his profit, which I 
 take to be an abuse in any government, and has always been 
 avoided in this since thy last arrival. 'Tis ordered now in my 
 opinion to best to accommodate this juncture; and perhaps 
 there may be no reason found to alter it. I neither got, nor 
 pretend to one farthing by it. Solomon Warder comes just 
 now on me for ;i^200 to pay for the plantation bought for his 
 father, which reduces me to the greatest extremity on so short 
 a warning. My charge and care at this time is almost insup- 
 portable; but I am resolved to keep myself in debt, that I may 
 always be under the greater necessity of getting in money. 
 Pray take not amiss what I said before of a partner in our 
 commission concerned in the seal. 'Tis not that I am really 
 uneasy or begrudge it, but only state the difference while I am 
 all on my own charge as well as he. We are all very good 
 friends in public business, without the least rub, though not 
 quite so otherwise. We have heard nothing of Edward Single- 
 ton's arrival in Barbadoes. I consign to him, or, in absence, to 
 Jno. Grove, to whom otherways I would riot, being so sharp in 
 merchants' business that he charged commission for paying 
 money to himself I hope E. S. will be more moderate in 
 respect to thee; but such is the rigor of merchants, justified by 
 practice. There is but one pair of stones upon the mill, and it 
 will be convenient to have another, which should be Cullen's 
 or Black's stones, for the name of them gives great credit to a 
 mill, and therefore brings grist. If an opportunity offer, it would 
 do well, I believe, to ship a small pair from thence; the freight 
 will be cheap, and the price about ^^^15. I suppose we can 
 get none here under ^^50 or £6o\ I offered £40 for a pair better 
 worth it than any other in the country worth ;^20, the price of 
 those we have, being English or Welsh. I am forced to keep 
 this house still, there being no accommodation to be had else- 
 where for public business, and live as easy as I can in the
 
 I702.] CORRESPONDENCE. lOI 
 
 governor's* absence. He seemed by thy discourse to him to 
 depend on this place. His coming is a great charge to me, and 
 know not how to order or understand it. I wish we knew what 
 bottom we stand on there, that measures might be taken, the first 
 for the office, the other for the accounts and all kinds of business. 
 Jacob Taylor likewise tables here, (the office must pay for him,) 
 and holds it in thy closet that was, the books, &c. being removed 
 into the next room just above it. What letters came to hand 
 accompany this. Thy sister's, &c., were never touched, though 
 the outside being under the agent's cover was broken ; others 
 there were delivered by persons who, knowing they related to 
 their business here, desired we should open them. That from 
 Wm. Edmundson was opened by mistake, — but seeing the name, 
 I never read four lines of it, nor has any other seen it, — the 
 governor always desiring the agent's might be opened; but I 
 generally did it privately first, though these are certainly public 
 letters. The friend's from Holland I was forced to open, because 
 it accompanied a large packet; it seems noways relating to thee; 
 and some odd pieces of wood, which I neither then knew nor 
 do yet know the meaning. Wm. Edmundson's was delivered 
 about the same time that a parcel of fine sugar and chocolate 
 was, and I was in hopes it gave an account from whence that 
 came; but I am yet ignorant. I am ashamed to add another 
 sheet, and therefore must conclude with due regards to all thy 
 family. Thy most faithful and dutiful servant, 
 
 James Logan. 
 
 James Logan to William Penn. 
 
 Philadelphia, wth 2,d mo., 1702. 
 Honored Governor: — After two long letters, the one of the 
 government, the other of the property, already written, I must 
 still crave leave to add the following gleanings, some of which 
 I purposely reserved for a private letter out of that of the gov- 
 ernment, the others by omission or fresh occasion. Of the first, 
 by all the endeavors I could use I could not prevail on Charles 
 
 * Gove; nor Hamilton. — Editor.]
 
 I02 PENNANDLOGAN [1702. 
 
 Read^ to put his hand to anything about the appraisement; for 
 it would be of ill consequence to himself, as he reckons, and 
 stage him for a fool to send any such thing now, howsoever true. 
 
 There is no procuring any better certificate than that already 
 sent, signed by G. Jones, &c.; for it is the fixed opinion of all 
 the party there was something like it, and our friends' hands 
 will do no good. I not only found a difficulty in procuring a 
 list of the inhabitants of Philadelphia County, but if obtained, 
 which to be sure is possible with sufficient endeavors, though 
 very troublesome, it would do more harm than good, by creat- 
 ing jealousies and distrust; for Philadelphia town being above 
 half the inhabitants, two thirds of those I believe are no Friends, 
 which brings town and country, as I judge, near upon a balance, 
 the greater part of the country being Friends. 
 
 We have seen an unhappy letter from hence in one of the 
 printed newspapers published at London, mentioning William 
 Dyer's application to thee for his marsh. He has since again 
 applied to us, and denies several of the words there said, but 
 cannot all, for 'tis certain too many of them are true. He has 
 promised to give *as many as he can under his hand to clear 
 that point, and affirms that he never told it but to two or three 
 of his particular friends, who he thought would never have used 
 it, and believes they did not, however it came about. Be pleased 
 to consider his marsh, without which he says he is utterly ruined, 
 being nonsuited and cast in a large bond, which he gave to make a 
 title. The lower counties, though they keep the peace, yet are 
 full in expectation of a change, and upon that hope their rents 
 will in some way be eased, or applied to forts, which makes it 
 exceeding difficult to get any rents there; and indeed, unless 
 some course be taken at home soon, we shall in a great measure 
 lose the advantage to be made by them. Newcastle I hope to 
 do pretty well with, but cannot manage the other two, that are 
 now in the hands of the spoiled W, C, who, if I be not quite 
 out, has ruined thee there. He is serviceable in government, 
 but unhappy in property. ^ must go down 5th mo. next, but 
 cannot before. 
 
 ' Chas. Read died in 1705. — L.
 
 1702.] CORRESPONDENCE. IO3 
 
 Thou wilt see an effect of S. Carpenter's good-will by his 
 letter of credit or obligation. I was in hopes to have had a bill 
 of him, or of Isaac Norris, who both showed their readiness, but 
 could not at that time. I have really done all in my power to 
 procure bills, but can by no means, for want of money, for the 
 goods I purchase are chiefly by transferring debts ; but S. Warder's 
 I cannot answer to, which straitens me exceedingly, and the 
 worse because unexpected at a juncture in which I am so much 
 involved. E. Shippen has no money there now, I believe, 
 otherwise I should have procured it; but he is exceeding 
 hard. I have sent a second bill of Letitia's for one hundred 
 pounds. If thy strait be very great, and if she please to lend 
 that, and thou give interest upon thy bill on me for her, I will 
 secure it to her here on better interest; only 'tis safer there in 
 case of war. 
 
 I know not what to do with T. F.^ Had he any truth in him 
 he would show it to thee. I really believe his son living with 
 me is a tie upon him; but it all looks like washing the blacka- 
 moor white. It will not come out, however, that he is really a 
 friend in the company and business, though by those deeds, 
 scarce honest to them. Rockland^ is the hardest of all. Within 
 these three days his son is taken with the small-pox, another 
 hindrance, &c. 
 
 I am now obliged to continue in the office of secretary of the 
 government,' unless I would openly abandon thy interest; for 
 there is scarce an officer in it that regards it enough, — their 
 own engages them. Capt. Finney is very serviceable, and a 
 good man, would he but let canvassing for office alone, by 
 which he exposes himself, but I think is truly hearty, and desires 
 his best respects to thee. 
 
 John Salkeld, who next 3d day is going down to Maryland 
 in order to embark homeward if he find an opportunity to 
 
 ^ Thomas Fairman probably is here meant. He was a surveyor. — L. 
 
 ^ A manor so called, now almost incalculably valuable on account of 
 the Brandywine mill-seats, &c. — L. 
 
 ' Of the lower counties, and of the ofificers there, this is probably 
 meant. Finney lived at Newcastle. There had been a j)roposition 
 for a distinct secretary for the lower counties. — L.
 
 104 PENN AND LOGAN [1702. 
 
 please him, otherwise will return and stay over next winter, just 
 now, at parting, desires his dearest love may be given to thee 
 and thine. He is a most worthy man, and to me almost a 
 miracle. His growth in his testimony since coming into these 
 parts is wonderful. 
 
 The two grants thou signed to thy son John, and thy children 
 by the same, are not yet sealed. The Trustees were S. Carpenter, 
 Is. Norris, and E. Penington; but the latter, on whom the 
 active part was to fall, being dead before sealing, it may be 
 convenient to insert another, for which I crave thy direction. 
 The registry of ships is to be delivered to the commissioners 
 of the customs; 'tis not fit for me to write to them. Pray be 
 pleased to take notice of Ed. Farmer's letter of the minutes. 
 Once more concluded. Thy most dutiful ff, J. L. 
 
 The ship has gone down, and John just following. 
 
 James Logan to William Penn. 
 
 Newcastle, 2%ih T^d mo., 1702. 
 
 Honored Governor: — In the 2d, 7th, and nth of this instant 
 I have been large by Capt. Guy, of which should send copies 
 by this, were she bound to London, but intending only for 
 Liverpool, think it more advisable to defer them till the next 
 opportunity, though I shall therefore, seeing nothing new has 
 occurred since that time amongst us, repeat nothing here besides 
 mentioning what I have already done, viz., incurring about ^^450 
 or ;^500 per the brigantine Hopewell, Benjamin Berman, master; 
 burden about 70 tons, in which thou art two thirds concerned, 
 both vessel and cargo. She sails within 10 or 14 days by the 
 channel directly for London. 
 
 I have also now positively bought one quarter of the ship 
 Industry, of which Dennis was master, being the vessel that 
 was thought last year to be the French man-of-war, only, as I 
 have said before, for the advantage of freight. She will carry 
 about 200 hhds., of which 50 on thy account, and 5 or 10 of 
 logwood. By the brigantine I shall be particular about her. 
 The mournful news of the King's death, of which we first heard
 
 1702.] CORRESPONDENCE. IO5 
 
 last week, will, I fear, strike a great damp on business. I am 
 almost afraid to give thee an account of the sudden extraordinary 
 scarcity of money amongst us, lest it should be thought I would 
 frame excuses; but by many concurring accounts I know it will 
 be confirmed. 'Tis hoped, indeed, that the small-pox, reigning 
 universally in Philadelphia, though wonderfully favorable, may 
 be some cause of the dullness of trade, and therefore of that 
 scarcity; but find now that not one in ten can pay according to 
 engagements. 
 
 This coming by R. Janney, in company with W. M.,^ gives 
 me occasion to turn my pen to a subject, which as duty on one 
 hand obliges me to hint, so prudence on the other to touch 
 with the utmost tenderness, if upon the news brought by several 
 letters on board Guy, that in all probability my young mistress 
 (Letitia Penn) by this time has changed her name, though I 
 willingly would, yet cannot forbear informing thee of what has 
 been since too liberally discoursed of her, and among the rest, 
 not sparingly by some that signed her certificate, viz., that she 
 was under some particular engagement to the before-mentioned 
 W. M., the said signers having, upon some unhappy information 
 given them, lately expressed so great a dissatisfaction at what 
 they had done, that it had been proposed among them to send 
 over and contradict or retract it. I am really a stranger to 
 what passed, resolving not to meddle through a sense of duty. 
 What I knew I endeavored as far as was proper from me should 
 be known; what I could fear I tried to prevent; but from the 
 discourses of those who had better opportunities of knowing, I 
 have too much reason to believe that before she departed she 
 was actually under some engagements to William, from which, 
 without great reflections or some dishonor, she cannot recede 
 unless he resign. My reason of mentioning this is, that if she 
 is since engaged to W. A. [William Aubrey], but all not con- 
 firmed, such caution may be used with W. M. as to get a clear- 
 ance from him the best way it may be obtained; or, if all be 
 over, lest W. M., on the disappointment, which he will bitterly 
 resent, should be guilty of any expression that may tend to her 
 
 ' [William Masters is referred to. A portion of this has been inad- 
 vertently repeated in note at p. 135. — Editor.]
 
 lo6 PENN AND LOGAN [1702. 
 
 disquiet, but that prudent endeavors may be used to soften him, 
 or stop his mouth from injuring her, either in respect to her 
 husband or the world. I am much troubled that there should 
 be occasion of this from me, well knowing how disagreeable it 
 must come, however things stand, and that it must expose me 
 to unkind thoughts, at least if communicated, duty being my 
 only inducement. There is not one syllable here designed on 
 his [W. M.'s] account; for in affairs relating to that sex I am no 
 way his debtor, though I wish him well, which he will scarcely 
 believe, and therefore has been unkind to me. I mention this 
 only to show that nothing prevails with me but the desire of 
 her honor and welfare. Whoever can make her happiest would 
 be most gladly congratulated by me in his success; in which, 
 as I know 'tis not my part to meddle, so I crave leave for my 
 boldness, and to subscribe 
 
 Thy most faithful and dutiful ff, 
 
 J. Logan, 
 
 P. S. — I came hither to take up some bonds out of Cornelius 
 Empson's hands, with whom, I fear, I must of necessity break. 
 In a new commission for this county he is left out. They dropt 
 their courts entirely without adjournment; but now all things 
 go on very regularly, though in these counties only through an 
 expectation of having speedily a positive determination from 
 the crown of what has been questioned; but in the meantime 
 they arc very peaceably disposed, though loth to part with 
 their quit-rents, for the sake of which, if no other, that affair 
 will require to be drove. J. L. 
 
 James Logan to William Penn. 
 
 Philadelphia, \Zth 4th tno., 1702. 
 This letter, Mrs. Logan remarks, is chiefly devoted to an account 
 of mercantile transactions carried on by Logan on Penn's account. 
 William Trent is commended for his thorough skill and 
 insight into trade. He was a successful merchant of Phila- 
 delphia, but afterwards settled at Trenton, which received its
 
 1702.] CORRESPONDENCE. I07 
 
 name from him. None of his descendants, I believe, remain 
 among us.^ 
 
 Speaking of the difficulty he lay under in procuring supplies, 
 and apologizing for the tobacco sent, part of which was not of 
 the first quality, he says: — Such tobacco I must of necessity 
 take; for the lower counties are now so disaffected, though 
 quiet in government, through the certain expectation of a 
 change, that I do not stand there on equal ground with the 
 others. I can find no way to get in the rents below but in 
 tobacco, and scarce in that now, being in demand since Guy's 
 
 arrival, which it was not before I have procured a 
 
 parcel of bear and deers' skins; but 'tis impossible for me to 
 procure any considerable quantities of those commodities, being 
 bought only with Indian goods, — for money, if I had it, will 
 
 not purchase them. The few stroudwaters I reserve to 
 
 treat with the Sonnequois^ Indians, a number of whom we daily 
 expect. 'Tis certain they have made peace with the F^rench 
 
 [Then follows an account of shipments for William Penn, on 
 board of the Rebecca, and Cantico,^ of which last he had bought 
 a share for the proprietor, after which he continues:] — I shall 
 send but little more to Barbadoes till better encouragement 
 offers, for the prices are extremely low there, though it would 
 be the easiest remittance to me of any, as bills and tobacco 
 are the most difficult ; but the first I expect very few there, 
 there being scarce any kind of money amongst us to purchase 
 them with, of which I wish thou wouldst inquire of others, for I 
 am ashamed to insist on this strain. . . . 
 
 I can get nothing more of R. Stockton. He would gladly 
 take up money anywhere on interest, but cannot; nor have 
 received anything of Philadelphia subscriptions yet, Samuel 
 
 'William Trent's first wife was the sister of Col. Coxe. She died in 
 child-bjed in the slate-roof, at the time he owned it. After her death 
 he sold it and went abroad, but returned again to Pennsylvania, and 
 married for his second wife one of the daughters of John Moore, so 
 often mentioned in this work as inimical to the proprietor. — L. 
 
 'Senecas. — L. 
 
 'This, in another letter, the proprietor says he had scruples about 
 doing. The Cantico was taken and carried into France. — L.
 
 I08 PENN AND LOGAN [1702. 
 
 Carpenter^ having desired the collecting of those, that he might 
 signalize his services therein, and procure new ones; but, wher- 
 ever the cause lies, he has done nothing yet. I only know this, 
 he is a great projector for his own interest. I am unhappy in 
 this, that half of those who owe money in the country endeavor 
 to draw on him, and he never has any ; so that, unless I take 
 bread and flour, whether it will do or not, I can get nothing; 
 but nothing can prevail with me to send any away but what I 
 think will turn best to thy account. The rents are behind still. 
 Of all the subscriptions of Bucks I have received but one ton 
 and a half of flour. Chester county is the best in dll kinds of 
 public payments; and this the worst; Bucks not much better, 
 now their pillar, Phineas Pemberton, is gone. 
 
 We continue very quiet in government, but admire we can 
 have no account of affairs there. Packets, with orders to pro- 
 claim the queen, have arrived in Virginia, Maryland, New York 
 and Boston, by the men-of-war, but none here, which makes 
 many admirize, thou being there on the spot. And unhappily 
 two days ago there came a letter by way of Barbadoes to Capt. 
 Finney, dated the 17th of February, affirming that thou hadst 
 lost the government, and another was coming over in thy place, 
 which, though not believed by any of sense, considering thy 
 letter of the 4th of the same month, yet 't is of ill consequence, 
 especially being heightened by Governor Nicholson's* letter to 
 
 ^ [Mrs. Logan remarks of this public-spirited and enterprising gen- 
 tleman : "He has left numerous descendants of his own name, settled 
 near Salem, in West Jersey. The Whartons, Merediths, and Clymers, 
 also the Fishbourns, are his descendants in the female Ime, — and some 
 others. ' ' — Editor.] 
 
 ^ [Col. Francis Nicholson was appointed, in 1688, Lieut. Gov. of 
 New England and New York under Andros. Upon the arrival of the 
 news of the imprisonment of Andros in New England, and of the 
 declaration in favor of the Revolution, the Protestant inhabitants, find- 
 ing that Nicholson would not declare for William, took possession of 
 the fort, and proclaimed the King and Queen. Upon his submission, 
 however, he was continued Lieut. Gov. of New York. In 1690, he 
 became Governor of Virginia, and subsequently returned to England, 
 hoping to be reappointed Governor of New York. Penn had occasion, 
 in 1696, in his letter to the Commissioners, to complain of "the violence 
 and harsh carriage of Col. Nicholson," which may explain the origin 
 of the feeling againt tlie proprietor. — ///. Doc. relating to N. V., 537 ; 
 and see Index. — Editor.]
 
 1702.] CORRESPONDENCE. IO9 
 
 J. M. [John Moore], importing that thy interest is lost, which, 
 notwithstanding, gains but little credit. 
 
 Governor Hamilton acquits himself well by an easy carriage, 
 but dare strain nothing for want of approbation. He was lately 
 at New York to wait on Lord Cornbury, from whom he received 
 very great civilities, and is much in his favor 
 
 [Next follows, observes Mrs. Logan, an account of the settle- 
 ment of Octoraroe, in Talbot's manor. The writer continues :] 
 At the time of granting it was thought very well of, and Samuel 
 Carpenter's judgment, who I know has great foresight, was the 
 chief inducement to me to join, who would rather have chose to 
 stave it off, as I have always since the survey ; but the people who 
 were to enter upon it being generally much straitened for land in 
 Chester county, where chiefly they live, are bent upon a settlement 
 there this year. They have lately drawn lots ; and six very good 
 ones, as I am informed, of about 500 acres each, are fallen to thy 
 share; which, when a road is cut and a settlement made, will be of 
 much more value than all the 18,000 was before; but all my trou- 
 ble is, 'tis too near Maryland; and though not all, if any, within 
 that province, yet 't is certainly all jn Talbot's manor 
 
 [7;^ Cmti7iuation7\ l^d ^tk mo., 1702. — Since writing the above 
 an express arrived from Lord Cornbury to Governor Hamilton 
 7th day morning last, being the 20th instant, importing he had 
 received orders to proclaim the queen in N. York, and in the 
 Jerseys, and accordingly designed to be at Burlington that day; 
 but he came not till next. The governor, with several from 
 hence, went toward Crosswicks to meet him. Upon the first 
 discourse of those parts, and mentioning of our province, he 
 expressed a willingness to give it a visit, and thereupon had an 
 invitation. 2d day morning I hasted down to make provision, 
 and in a few hours' time had a very handsome dinner, really 
 equal, they say, to anything he had seen in America. At night 
 he was invited to Edward Shippen's, where he lodged, and dined 
 to-day with all his company, 30 in number. He is just now 
 gone off in the boat, very handsomely attended, expressing a 
 great satisfaction in the place and the decency of his entertain- 
 ment in all its parts. He has wrote two packets by this oppor- 
 tunity, which are inclosed. In them he has acknowledged the
 
 no PENN AND LOGAN [1702. 
 
 civilities of the place, as his secretary affirms; and, I have great 
 reason to believe, to Lord Rochester especially, if I mistake 
 not; and in general has recommended us. The entertainment 
 has been some charge, his retinue and company being great; 
 but if there remains any room for a favor from the court to 
 this province, I believe there has seldom been any [illegible] 
 better bestowed on it, considering his near relation to the 
 crown.' He designs to visit Pennsbury to-morrow in the fore- 
 noon, as he goes up from Burlington by water towards the falls, 
 where I must meet and receive him the best we can. I have 
 sent up wine and what could be got, and have staid behind 
 myself to despatch away this vessel, but must go early in the 
 morning by land. 
 
 \_In Continuation.~\ 2^th ^th mo., 1702. — The vessel staying a 
 day longer, I left this unfinished and went to receive Lord 
 Cornbury, as I said on the other page, at Pennsbury. He was 
 attended all the way with four boats besides his own, and about 
 ten in the morning arrived there, with about fifty in company. 
 With Mary's great diligence, and all our care, we got ready a 
 handsome country entertainment, which, though much inferior 
 to those at Philadelphia for cost, &c., yet for the decency and 
 good order gave no less satisfaction, which he expressed at his 
 departure to the highest degree, promising to acknowledge it 
 particularly to thee, and to serve us all that ever lie in his 
 power, either in England or here. He expresses a great regard 
 for thee, and is much averse to the warmth of those who go by 
 the name of the church here; for which reason, or some other 
 which I cannot yet learn, none of the chief of them waited on 
 him up the river, chiefly, I suppose, because he was pleased to 
 be in Quaker hands. Our people, if that bill go forward, 
 would be well satisfied to be under him; for they believe they 
 could never have one of a more excellent temper. They look 
 on him as their saviour at New York; nor do the Dutch there 
 know how to blame him. 
 
 Before thy departure a packet came with news of the alteration 
 of the ministry at home. J. Moore received a letter from Col. 
 
 *He was first cousin to Queen Anne. — L.
 
 1702.] CORRESPONDENCE. Ill 
 
 Quary, I am told, upon which he talks very big; but we know 
 not the meaning of it- We much admire we cannot now hear 
 from thee, nor have orders to proclaim the queen, it being done 
 everywhere around us. 
 
 John Sotcher, I hope, is arrived ere this with a large packet, &c. 
 
 William Penn to James Logan. 
 
 London, iisi ^ih mo., 1702. 
 Esteemed Friend, James Logan : — Of my many letters I hear 
 of none arrived, but hope one is by way of New England ; (for) 
 last 2d mo. Daniel Zachary informed me he had on that day, 
 13th, despatched my packet inclosed in one to Isaac Norris ; 
 and since I find nothing said in that only one I have received 
 from thee, after seven months and more, of what I so earnestly 
 desired should be sent after me, (namely, the several affidavits 
 about Charles Read's low appraisement, Perry's prize, or the 
 prices those goods were sold at, with more to the same pur- 
 pose, against or to balance Col. Quary's complaints,) I must 
 say it is to my inexpressible trouble, and I fear my irreparable 
 disappointment; but I will not fall into resentment by too long 
 dwelling on this unpleasant subject and the uneasiness it must 
 needs give me, but I must tell thee I am very unhappy. I hear 
 by Isaac Norris that the commissioners, and consequently you, 
 despatch the greedy people after settlements, and am glad of it, 
 and would have that done and not the other left undone. I 
 send Quary's information, and would have them considered by 
 the people, and those who were upon the spot at the time and 
 know the calumny and misstatements which are contained 
 therein ; and I would have two copies of a counter-statement 
 to employ as I see best here, and signed by all persons, if 
 others will join, distinguishing between our friends and other 
 societies, it would do well. 'T is not Col. Quary, or J. Moore, 
 or two more such, signify anything here, but as there is another 
 end to serve, and that is what I have the laboring oar against, 
 and for all this am not without hopes of success one way or 
 other. But never had poor man my task — neither men nor
 
 112 PENN AND LOGAN [1702. 
 
 money to assist me. I therefore strictly charge thee that thou 
 represent it to Friends there that I am distressed for want of 
 supply ; that I am forced to borrow money/ and add debt to 
 debt instead of paying them off; besides my uncomfortable 
 distance from my family and the unspeakable fatigue and vexa- 
 tion that follow my attendances, draughts of answers, confer- 
 ences, counsels' opinions, hearings, &c., with the charge that 
 follows them. Guineas melting four, five, six a week, and 
 sometimes as many in a day. My wife hitherto is kept by her 
 father, whence she is coming next week to Worminghurst, on 
 my daughter's account, in likelihood to marry. I have been 
 more sensibly touched for the honor of the country's adminis- 
 tration than for myself, and said ten times more than I send, 
 and after all believe Quary repents him of his wickedness, as 
 he has been roundly handled by Lumbys, owners and freighters, 
 and see his frivolous as well as malicious attempts against me 
 not like to honor him or harm me as far as he intended. 
 Governor Hamilton had the effect of it so much before I came 
 by his, Quary's, friends, and afterwards in person, that he could 
 not be well unworthier to any man. And I wish Lewis Morris 
 has not been an enemy to us. Proprietary Government, or that 
 he has been as good a friend to Governor Hamilton as he 
 might have been once in a while. 
 
 The scene is much changed since the death of the king; the 
 Church party advances upon the Whig, and yet I find good 
 friends, sorely against some people's will. I have had the 
 wisest men in England, and of the greatest, to advise with 
 (about a bargain) that love me, and all say, stay awhile ; be not 
 hasty. Yet some incline to a good bargain, and to let Quary 
 begone, and change him to, another Province, if we can do no 
 better." Perry and the Lords of trade have talked of our being 
 Friends. Pray mind my directions of my former letters, and 
 
 * [The villainy of his trusted agent, Philip Ford, had by this time 
 become apparent, for the elder Ford had just died, and his widow had 
 demanded possession of the Province under an alleged deed, which 
 Penn had executed in the belief that he had signed merely a mortgage. 
 Editor.] 
 
 ' [Penn refers to a sale of his government to the Crown. — Editor.]
 
 1702.] CORRESPONDENCE. II3 
 
 make returns with all speed, or I am undone. Separate East 
 Jersey money from the rest. 
 
 Things look but dull in Italy and Germany. If the Confed- 
 eracy fail this summer, I know not what to say to it. Be close, 
 wise, and industrious. The Queen behaves very well, and has 
 three great men about her^ — Lord Godolphin, Lord High 
 Treasurer of England, and Lord Marlborough, Lieutenant-Gen- 
 eral of all the Queen's forces. I will send the prints if I can. 
 The last is with the army. 
 
 y. Moore. — J. Moore, thou wilt see, has complained of this 
 business of Righton's, for Col. Quary produced his letter, and I 
 saw his hand, whatever he promised — a treacherous and un- 
 grateful man. 
 
 Evans the Pirate. — His sister, or cousin-german, desires the 
 overplus of his estate to pay his debts. They hear D. P.'s house 
 and land is worth ^^300 ; they pester me often. Let me have 
 a legal account per first opportunity ; and from David Powel 
 what lands R. Davis yet has there. 
 
 P. Parmyter? — One of Quary 's blackest charges against me 
 was Parmyter being made by me Attorney-General, &c. S. 
 Clement will appear for him, and Major Wade and Yeates are 
 writ to about him. I owned no such story, but pressed it upon 
 Quary to prove it, that I had commissioned him. 
 
 A. M. and David Lloyd. — Let these ungrateful men see what 
 I suffer for them. Quary told the full story about the late King's 
 commission, affirmed to have been under the Great Seal, whom 
 I treated not according to their deserts. But they may meet 
 with their match after a while that have so basely treated me 
 — unworthy spirits ! 
 
 French, India?is, &c. — Pray mind this, with the rest of their 
 charges, and when all is well answered by you that are upon 
 
 ^ The name of the first is obliterated. — L. 
 
 [The ministry was not constituted at once. The Marquess of Nor- 
 manby was made Lord Privy Seal. Earl of Nottingham and Sir 
 Charles Hedges Principal Secretaries of State. Lord Godolphin was 
 subsequently made Lord Treasurer. Simon Harcourt Solicitor-Gen- 
 eral ; and Edward Northey Attorney-General. William Blathwayt 
 Secretary of War, etc. — Editor.] 
 
 * [Penn calls him " cousin Parmyter." — Editor.] 
 
 VOL. I. — 9
 
 114 PENN AND LOGAN [17C2. 
 
 the spot, let some that come over be witnesses. You do not 
 apprehend the gross villainy of poor Quary. I pity him [ob- 
 literated] assert lies, and so boldly deny truths as he has done ; 
 and infer from trifles, mighty matters ; and from particulars, 
 generals. 
 
 Clmrcliill. — 'T were well thou made up some a-ccount, at least 
 write to him how the matter stands. 
 
 Guns. — Write to Daniel Zachary, at Boston, to inform him- 
 self of the prize officer there; at what rate J. Moore charged 
 himself for the guns I let him have from Col. Markham ; if 
 after the appraisement or sale. 
 
 Appraisements ajid Sales. — By all means find out the differ- 
 ence of the appraisements from the sales, for therein the King 
 has been grossly abused. I send thee what the Commissioners 
 of the Customs sent me of Col. Quary's account, delivered in at 
 their board for a guide ; but Robt. Webb told me he had ac- 
 counted with Col. Quary for ^^"900 upon forfeitures, wherefore 
 search exactly his papers. 
 
 Bradenham, led by Basse to be ungrateful, and has owned it. 
 Pray pay him his money, or rather deliver it up ; I have sent 
 an order for it; I mean that which was sealed up. That demure 
 Hall writ him the basest letter of me, calling me Jus holiness, 
 and of the great persecution the Church was in by my tyranny. 
 First return the money; when that is done, next put down his 
 ordinary ; so base an hypocrite I abhor. Bradenham has his 
 bond, being pardoned without conviction ; my lawyers say 't is 
 his due. 
 
 y. Moore. — Bradenham owns that Moore had about ;^I2 of 
 him for counsel whilst the King's advocate, and by Clark it 
 might be found out in particular. 
 
 Balls of Powder. — Some came when the chocolate came, 
 pray send them safely back. I intend some tea by this oppor- 
 tunity to the Commissioners, Governor, Saml. Carpenter, Isaac 
 Norris, Saml. Preston, and thyself 
 
 Perixvig. — Did not a fine new wig come to thy hands for me? 
 It cost fifty shillings sterling; made by Watson. S. V. puts it 
 to my account.
 
 1702.] CORRESPONDENCE. II5 
 
 Leives^ Pirates. — Pray fail not per first opportunity to make 
 returns, or pay into Bewley's hands what effects are there, be- 
 fore witnesses, and take his receipt for the same. I have done 
 like a friend by him. 
 
 Governor Hamilton. — The Duke of Somerset, who is very 
 kind to him, has stood firmly for his being Governor of both 
 the Jerseys; he had great opposition, but unhappily the West 
 Jersians' petition for the Queen's naming of him was wrapt 
 up in the surrender, so that it was not read, and Dockwray and 
 Sonomans getting air of it by the next day, came with a coun- 
 ter one and annexed reasons, that stops the affair, upon which 
 I moved to have him my Governor, if refused, else I to name 
 another. But that which with me should be a reason they 
 make an exception, viz., an estate in the Province; so that he 
 cannot be (illegible) than with us, unless at New York. 
 
 The Attorney-General gives his opinion against Alwd. \ 
 suppose he will be sent for home, and his elaborate argument 
 for reversing the judgment for Wake will be reversed here 
 shortly, and Wake have his ship. 
 
 Iron Works. — Call on those people for an answer to the heads 
 I gave them from Ambrose Crawley. Divers would engage 
 here in it as soon as they receive an account, which, in a time of 
 war, would serve the country. Things as to America will come 
 under another regulation after a while. 
 
 Surveyor s Place. — Pray let there be no person put in but till 
 my pleasure be known, for I aim at one not in America, of which 
 be private. 
 
 Of Disposing of Lands. — I hope by the next to hear thou hast 
 been in Maryland to get me returns, and docst thy possible by 
 way of Barbadoes, and tobacco, and peltry, and skins at home. 
 Bear-skins are in demand, and buck also; tobacco bears a 
 mighty price. I had forty odd pounds from R. P^gerton re- 
 ceived — have not £z^ to command, but I must borrow for the 
 cause ; and N. Puckle, Ab. Schofield, &c. will tell you how I am 
 persecuted and oppressed with this affair. If I had half the 
 
 [Lewes, the county town of Sussex, one of the three lower counties. 
 Editor.]
 
 Il6 PENN AND LOGAN [1/02. 
 
 money returned the paper the commissioners sent me men- 
 tioned, you would quickly see me if I live. In the meantime, 
 my son comes as fast as may be, after his sister's affair is over. 
 Pray expedite the sale of what may best help me, and set 
 heartily to work upon that head. I know not that I can en- 
 large, the person waiting for this, by this opportunity; but send 
 two letters, one to proclaim the Queen, from the Council, the 
 other from the Lords of trade, &c. 
 
 Pennsbury. — I would be glad to hear how things are there, 
 the family, fruit, corn, and improvements, and clearing partic- 
 ularly. I mourn for poor Phineas Pemberton, the ablest as well 
 as one of the best men in the Province. My dear love to his 
 widow and sons and daughters; my love to all friends as if I 
 named them, and others that are respectful and moderate. 
 Keep all quiet. Quary is going with this fleet in the same 
 post, but I fancy his wings will be clipped in admiralty matters 
 every day, upon the appeals from the colonies against admiralty 
 judgments; they are set by here upon hearings before the Com- 
 mittee of Appeals, whereof Lord Chief-Justice Holt and [ob- 
 literated] Trevor are members ; and I advise that you take the 
 same course, for 't is the opinion of the learned in the law that 
 no court is erected by the Act of the 7 and 8, p. 502.^ Secondly, 
 That if the admiralty has any jurisdiction, 'tife only about the 
 ;^lOOO forfeiture, for governors not being qualified, which is the 
 only thing not disposed of Thirdly, That, by p. 505, even the 
 admiralty must try by a jury ; and this the present Attorney- 
 General, Sir Edward Northey, told us when before upon this 
 act as to admiralty powers, and their extent in the plantations. 
 I shall have, I suppose, his resolutions upon some queries the 
 Lords sent him about governors' qualifications and admiralty 
 jurisdictions. 
 
 I bless the Lord mine were lately well, my last son thriving 
 much, and Johnnie perpetually busy in building or play other- 
 ways, but when he eats or sleeps, as his mother informs me. I 
 have not been with them but seventeen days these five months. 
 No more but my love. Affectionately thy friend, 
 
 Wm. Penn. 
 
 ' So in the original.
 
 1702.] CORRESPONDENCE. 11/ 
 
 P. S. — I am sorry my cousin Asheton gave occasion, but I 
 believe the Attorney-General will allow it, being infra corpus 
 comitatus. 
 
 Bishop of London. — The Bishop is one of the Lords de propa- 
 ganda fde, behaved about the law of marriage temperately, and 
 asked Col. Quary why they did not comply with the publica- 
 tion ? He produced a dirty paper about persecuting the Church 
 of England in the person of Leake, under the hand of Keeble. 
 Pray remember poor Charles Jones' family in that farm. 
 
 Characters. — Let me know how things are, and how 
 
 &c. behave. 
 
 Of thy Family. — Thou hast heard of the death of thy father 
 and marriage of thy mother with one not a Friend ; an exer- 
 cise. W, Ed., &c. told me so at our Yearly Meeting. 
 
 James Logan to William Penn. 
 
 Philadelphia, gth $mo., 1702. 
 [The first part of this letter is an account of mercantile trans- 
 actions, in which James Logan was concerned for the Propri- 
 etor. — L. 
 
 He then continues:]^ I not only use the utmost of my own 
 endeavors, but act with the best advice of those of skill here 
 who wish thee well. As I have said, thy affairs in the lower 
 counties make me stand on an equal bottom with other traders 
 there. They all keep quiet in expectation of a change, preserv- 
 ing the peace for their own interest and credit more than any 
 sense of subjection to the government. 
 
 'Tis much admired that the Queen, being for sometime past 
 proclaimed in all the neighboring colonies by orders from the 
 crown, there are none arrived here yet; 'tis imagined, by the 
 friends of the government, that the orders have been delivered 
 to thee, and some way omitted to be despatched, but others 
 would render it a contrary way. 'Tis a great reflection upon us, 
 whatever the cause be. 
 
 Yesterday a council was held upon it, and ordered she should
 
 Il8 PENN AND LOGAN [l702. 
 
 be proclaimed to-morrow, there being a necessity of delaying 
 it no longer, because of the war: orders for proclaiming of 
 which thee hast advised us are arrived at Boston and New York. 
 
 The Governor intends forthwith to issue a proclamation for 
 raising a militia, but is very uneasy in not hearing of his ap- 
 probation or supersedeas, for he would on no other account, 
 he says, have undertaken the government, and fears his en- 
 deavors that way will not be much regarded by the Church 
 party, as they call themselves, who, though they like Colonel 
 Hamilton, yet care the less for him as thy lieutenant. He takes 
 all possible care to act inoffensively. 
 
 Seventh-day last, 4th instant, one Butterworth, who has been 
 often here, arrived in his brigantine or ship at New Castle, from 
 Curacoa. He stood up above the town of New Castle, with his 
 top-gallant sails standing, and came ashore in his boat to make 
 report of his vessel, but the Collector suspecting her, refused to 
 take it, unless he would come to, which at length he did. The Col- 
 lector going on board, discovered the ship's boat rowing off to- 
 ward the Jersey side with a chest in it, he pursued and seized 
 it, which he found mostly filled with Holland muslin, &c. ; re- 
 turning, he seized the vessel and went on shore with the master, 
 who engaged she should not stir without leave, but in the morn- 
 ing she was gone, the master's brother was mate, who had 
 directions, they say, to act as aforesaid. Butterworth next day 
 came to Philadelphia, of which the Collector advised J. Moore 
 by an express, that arrived First-day, in the evening, between 
 eight and nine. Upon receipt of it, he applied to me, the Gov- 
 ernor being at Burlingtdn ; we consulted, but concluded noth- 
 ing could be done that night, there being no felony in the 
 case. Early the next morning I obtained the mayor's warrant, 
 and sent two constables to search for and apprehend him, upon 
 the forfeiture of i^ioo — 14 Chas. 11.^ — for breaking bulk before 
 entry. They returning, told J. Moor? and me that he had 
 certainly gone down again in the night, which was confirmed 
 by others. About ii before noon we found, by an application 
 
 '[See 13 and 14 Chas. II. chapter xi. 3 Stat, at Large, 216. — 
 Editor.]
 
 1702.] CORRESPONDENCE. II9 
 
 to J. Moore on his behalf, he was still in town, upon which we 
 took another warrant, signed by J. Guest, directed to the sheriff, 
 whose first care was to go to the ferry and leave orders to se- 
 cure him there if he should attempt to pass that way, as it was 
 thought he would ; but, in the meantime, about two in the after- 
 noon, 't is said, he went off in a boat from the lower end of the 
 town, having been concealed in a fit place, viz., the Widow 
 Budd's,^ from whence he had but the street to cross and step 
 on board without much notice, and so escaped. J. Moore 
 reckons it a great fault in the government, as perhaps may 
 make it the subject of another complaint, which makes me be 
 so particular here. His first complaint is, that there is no fort 
 at New Castle to command vessels lying there ; and next, that 
 he was not apprehended, though I know nothing that could be 
 done more, J. Moore himself confessing we could not open any 
 door in search of him. Our eagerness after the master was 
 through a belief that, were he secured, the vessel would not 
 sail out of the bay. She fell at first no farther down than 
 Bombay Hook, where she lay in defiance, being of good force, 
 with guns, men, and store of grenades. The master also gave 
 out that he would lose his life rather than his vessel, on such 
 an account, being wholly innocent. He took several solemn 
 oaths that he knew nothing of these goods being put on board; 
 that they belonged to a passenger, a late officer in the army, as 
 they certainly did. That he took all possible care that nothing 
 prohibited should be put on board him, and examined the said 
 passenger very strictly at his embarking, who declared that he 
 had nothing in his chest but wearing apparel, and that he never 
 told him otherwise till he was going off again from New Castle, 
 and that then seeing the collector coming on board, he con- 
 fessed it, which made him use those endeavors to send them 
 off, telling the young fellow, at the same time, he had ruined 
 him forever, by bringing his vessel and cargo, which was a 
 considerable quantity of Barbadoes goods, carried round by 
 Curacoa, into danger of being forfeited through his falsehood 
 and covetousness. The goods in the chest were to the value of 
 
 ^ [Near Dock Street Landing. — Editor.]
 
 I20 PENN AND LOGAN [1702. 
 
 about ;^ioo Sterling. This is the real truth as fully as can be 
 given, the management of which yields an instance more of 
 our unhappiness with John Moore, &c., who, when anything is 
 to be done for the service of the Crown, think they have dis- 
 charged their part, till such time as all the profits are to be divided, 
 when they have once given the government notice, who, with 
 a whistle, are to run all hazard, in pursuit of the game, and when 
 found, like spaniels taught to fetch and carry, lay it at their feet 
 to wait their further determination, with much satisfaction, could 
 they by any means be serviceable, of which if we fail, though 
 by impossibility, complaints are thundered home, the most, I 
 dare affirm, they do for their salaries ; for, in cases of this kind, 
 they expect the government should do all for them, though they 
 put not to one finger. 
 
 As soon as the master got down, 'tis believed they went to 
 sea, bound to Curacoa, there to sell the vessel out of danger. 
 The Collector of New Castle is S. Lowman, formerly of Lewes, 
 whose vacancy is supplied by one Brook, ^ a young beau, other- 
 wise well accomplished, and deserving a better society. 
 
 We at length distrained'' on J. C. for the tax, in fear of which he 
 had secured whatever in his house could be taken, as plate, pew- 
 ter, &c., for two months before, drinking out of nothing but earth- 
 enware. The distress was his house, which was committed to 
 George Emlyn. I would have replevied him, but could not. 
 By David Lloyd's assistance, however, he (J.) prevailed so far 
 with George as to turn him loose, for which he is now prose- 
 cuted. J. gave out that he was turned out by order of the gov- 
 ernment, not daring to keep him, which, instead of forwarding 
 
 * Henry Brook — he was son or grandson to a baronet of the same 
 name, and had received an excellent education. He lived for some 
 time in this obscure situation ; some of his letters and small pieces of 
 poetry are among the papers at Stenton. James Logan corresponded 
 with him, and appears to have been his sincere friend. — L. 
 
 * Brother of Samuel Carpenter, but not a Friend. He built the 
 house in Chestnut street in the rear of the mansion* of the late Chief- 
 Justice Tilghman, and for his family sepulture the palisaded inclosure 
 formerly in the middle of the Potters' field (now Washington Square) 
 was made. — L. 
 
 * [Since pulled down ; the site was afterwards occupied by the Arcade, now by 
 Jayne's Buildings, north side of Chestnut street, between Sixth and Seventh streets, 
 — Editor.]
 
 1702.] CORRESPONDENCE. 121 
 
 the business, retards it ; all reports of that kind, however false, 
 being greedily received by them that would have it so ; but 
 they will be convinced to the contrary. The unhappiness is, 
 that people will not pay without distress. Friends are willing, 
 but not to bear all the burden themselves, whilst others obsti- 
 nately save their money, and none can be prevailed on, without 
 much reluctancy and compulsion, to do that unkind office to 
 their neighbor. In Bucks, exceedingly degenerated of late, they 
 pay none, nor will any in the country levy by distress, choosing 
 rather to be fined for their omission. William Biles did once, 
 but will no more. In Chester also they are so slack nothing 
 can drive them forward. 
 
 Thy dispute at home, the war without defence here, with the 
 example of the Jerseys surrendering, makes this government too 
 precarious to be called one. I hope all will be blessed with a 
 happy issue ; but, in the meantime, our circumstances are un- 
 easy and require a speedy redress, were it but for the sake of 
 thy property. 
 
 Re-surveys we find will answer better than expected, and must 
 be drove forward, though at thy charge ; for, if things be car- 
 ried in respect to government otherwise than well, it will be 
 difficult forcing a re-survey after the two years are expired, be- 
 fore which time, if all continues well, I hope there will not 
 much remain to be done. We sell but little land unseparated, 
 as we call it, in the woods, and of others are cautious ; for, 
 though we sell most dearer than thou didst, P. Penn's liberty 
 land excepted, in which N. W., with the help of others, has 
 unworthily abused us, yet the prices being so uncertain, we 
 foresee ourselves incurring as certain blame as ever the former 
 commissioners did, though I think more caution and obstinacy 
 to all requests, in most cases, cannot be used than I have en- 
 deavored, as far as has lain in my power. But Octoraroe grant 
 I cannot get over. Never Calais, I believe, came nearer Queen 
 Mary's heart than that has to mine ; though the cause I scarce 
 know. When application was made, it appeared to all of us 
 very reasonable ; they first would give but £^ per hundred, 
 with quit-rent, thinking it no better than Susquehanna lands, 
 and admired at our refusing it; we offered for ;^iO, but they
 
 122 PENN AND LOGAN [1702. 
 
 would not advance. Griffith Owen and E. Shippen knew some- 
 thing of the place, having been with thee at Susquclianna, 
 which I did not. Upon a consultation we abated to jCH per 
 hundred, but they refused and returned home ; some time after 
 they came to our terms and desired a warrant, but, having 
 solicitously resolved several things in my thoughts relating to 
 it, I endeavored to stave them off, but could not. I kept them, 
 however, waiting a whole week in town without it, till at length, 
 in a rage declaring they would not be fooled so, complained to 
 the rest of the commissioners of my injustice. In drawing the 
 warrant, I used all possible caution, and, much against their 
 will, forced in 3000 acres for thy share, when they expected 
 thou would have but one, which has now fallen in six excellent 
 lots of 500 each, which, if a settlement be made there, will be 
 of much more value than the whole was before. But my grief 
 is, that it proves in the lower parts, within five miles of the 
 navigable part of North East River, and is not so far out of dis- 
 pute as to oblige them to pay the money; and rather than make 
 a settlement there with our industrious people for Maryland, I 
 wish the whole a lake of water. It was represented as half- 
 way between New Castle and Conestoga,^ which we thought 
 would make it fall much further from Susquehanna, and ;i^8 per 
 hundred for land there, with a settlement to be made forthwith 
 and yearly quit-rents we thought was much better than £S) per 
 hundred with no rent at all ; besides that, it was a convenient 
 stage from the lower parts to Susquehanna, which would much 
 encourage a settlement of that also. All these considerations 
 made us almost fond of it at first proposal, but I soon fell from 
 it, though too late, and now cannot think of it without trouble. 
 I believe by Griffith Owen's thinking well of it, who was with 
 thee and best knew the place, thou wilt have much better opin- 
 ion than I, considering the six lots and thy inclination to have 
 settlements on Chesapeake to trade by the bay ; but I must own 
 I have an aversion to the thought of any such for this age at 
 
 ^[It is surprising that, twenty years after Penn's acquisition of the 
 province, so little should have been known of its topograi)hy, in fact, 
 little more than the information furnished by Holmes' Map. — Edi- 
 tor.]
 
 1702.] CORRESPONDENCE. 123 
 
 least, being that it will highly injure the mar:h of this Province, 
 whose chief dependence must be Delaware, and therefore could 
 wish the design could be blasted ; but, in the meantime, would 
 advise to procure Talbot's Manor, if possible, it having been 
 offered, as I wrote by John Sotcher, copies of which went by 
 Burman,to sale to Anthony Sharp, by him or his friends in Ire- 
 land. If any stop may be contrived to settlement this year, I 
 shall not be wanting ; but they are bent on it, and I have 
 thwarted them so much that they will scarce hearken to me 
 any more. The better to secure themselves, they went to 
 Maryland to treat with Talbot's agent there, who entertained 
 them too civilly. Thomas Fairman was long ago resolved on 
 it for the company, being part of that called Talbot's Calf 
 Pasture. 
 
 [After an account of mercantile transactions, he further says :] 
 That trade, (to Barbadoes,) 't is believed, will be exceeding 
 dangerous, for, while our frigates and privateers steer all upon 
 the Spanish coasts for plunder, the cruisers of Martinico, &c. 
 will have nothing to awe them on our coast this way, but may 
 pick up all ventures out without hazard, unless the Queen will 
 allow some good ships for a guard to the plantations, rather 
 than which, 't is probable care will be taken to convoy the fleets 
 at certain seasons, of the year home, as now, from Virginia. I 
 wish I may not in any case displease by mentioning it, but I 
 am forced to say, that if thou wilt tender thy own interest, as 
 well as to that of the people in this place, some endeavors must 
 be used this war to have a more immediate protection of the 
 Crown than heretofore has been, for the French having made 
 peace with the Five Nations of Indians on one hand, and this 
 Province having gained a great name these few years past abroad, 
 which will encourage from sea, we cannot expect to pass un- 
 attacked from some quarter or other; and the confusion we 
 were in upon a report last year of a French ship being in the 
 river, is an unhappy instance of our condition, the more so be- 
 cause of the divisions of the people. The chief thing, in my 
 judgment, in these dangerous times to be endeavored, is to 
 make this river as dear to the Crown and as much its care as 
 any other; an encouragement to which may be an increase to
 
 124 PENN AND LOGAN [1702. 
 
 our tobacco, with which we have loaded and are loading eight 
 vessels this year already, besides those that are expected in, all 
 direct for some part or other of England. They are mostly 
 small, I confess, about eighty or ninety hogsheads, some more; 
 however, the number makes a sound. Respects to all thy 
 family from Thy most faithful and dutiful 
 
 James Logan. 
 ()th ^th mo., 1702, per Andrew Lock. 
 
 James Logan to William Penn. 
 
 Philadelphia, 29//^ ^th mo., 1702. 
 
 I have not much to advise of, more than the last post; a 
 packet arrived, with others, directed to thee or the commander- 
 in-chief of this place, to proclaim the war, which accordingly 
 was done on Sixth-day last, the 24th instant. 
 
 Upon the occasion given, the governor, as he had done also 
 before, recommended the people to think of putting them- 
 selves in a posture of defence ; and since that, has issued com- 
 missions for one company of militia,^ and intends to proceed 
 all the government over. Those of the hot Church party op- 
 pose it to their utmost, because they would have nothing done 
 that may look with a good countenance at home. They have 
 done all they can to dissuade all from touching with it ; but the 
 captain, who is one George Lowther, mustered two days ago, had 
 a sufficient company for the first appearance. He is a gentleman 
 of Nottinghamshire, the family of Yorkshire, himself bred to the 
 law, in which he excels. He arrived here a few weeks after thy 
 departure, and would be useful would he stay, but it is not ex- 
 pected, having retired from England only till some storm blew 
 over. He is a young man, has only his wife with him, having left 
 two or three children in England ; has a good interest by his dis- 
 course, in which he seems to be believed, with several of note, 
 particularly the Duke of Newcastle * and Lord Lexington,^ to 
 
 ^ First formation of a militia in Pennsylvania. — L. 
 ■'' [John Holies, third Duke, ob. 171 1. — Editor.] 
 ' [Robert Sutton, second Baron, ob. 1723. s. p. M. — Editor.]
 
 1702.] CORRESPONDENCE. 12$ 
 
 the last of which he designs to write in favor of this place. He 
 is opposite to the hot Church party, and I hope will be helpful 
 to make an interest against them. 
 
 We are very anxious to hear from thee, and the governor 
 much troubled, but has now gone to see Lewis Morris, to en- 
 quire of him personally what he cannot hear by writing. 
 
 Thy affairs here require a speedy hand, and it would be a 
 great ease to know what we may presume upon in the lower 
 counties. They are now exceeding stiff and big, upon some 
 advice that an address of theirs has been received at court ; 
 but hitherto we are all in the dark. If Lord Cornbury have 
 the Jerseys, they will be happy in a governor; he is exceed- 
 ingly beloved* in those provinces, and much esteemed by 
 Friends here. Edward Shippen and Samuel Carpenter, in the 
 name of themselves and others, sent after him to New York a 
 pipe of excellent Madeira wine, imported lately in a vessel of 
 our own directly, and a tun of double beer, which has engaged 
 him in all protestations of service possible in these parts, or 
 wherever he has an interest. I am sure he is in debt to us for 
 a civil entertainment. He is now at Albany, treating with the 
 Indians, who came to him very slow ; things in that quarter do 
 really appear dark. I wish we may be in no danger from them. 
 Harry of Conestoga was here last week, and has now gone to 
 the Onondagoes, and has engaged to bring certain advice how 
 they stand affected. They are eager in the West Indies in 
 privateering; we have done some mischief, but we hear of 
 none from the enemy. General Codrington has gone down, 
 we hear, with a force to take St. Christophers. Nothing new 
 has occurred by the war on the continent, only that some of 
 the Eastern Indians have fallen off, and done some mischief to 
 those parts of New England, and four French men-of-war have 
 alarmed the inhabitants there 
 
 Thou hast met, I doubt not, with sufficient exercises there, 
 and would therefore unwillingly send complaints from hence, 
 some of my past letters, I fear, not proving altogether grateful, 
 yet I am forced to say, that thy affairs here cannot be pushed 
 
 ' [It will be found hereafter that he had reason to change this favor- 
 able opinion. — Editor.]
 
 126 PENN AND LOGAN [1702. 
 
 forward with that success as might prevent all uneasiness to 
 those concerned. The great scarcity of money, and the decay 
 of trade this summer, with that and the small-pox, has been 
 very discouraging, and makes business very difficult. It would 
 be allowed here, I believe, that I do what one man can, but thy 
 presence in the country would mend all much ; and, provided 
 business were set in a right channel, to go on, of course, with- 
 out depending on thyself so immediately as before. Thy pres- 
 ence would be an encouragement, thy eye a satisfaction both to 
 thyself and those who are to do thy business. T. Story is gone 
 to the eastward, uncertain when he shall return. G. Owen to 
 New York to meet Hugh Roberts, dangerously ill there, in his 
 return from New England, but they say is recovered. If thou 
 stay there any time, for which we should be much troubled, 
 there will be a necessity for more or other commissioners. 
 Edward Shippen is truer to it than could be expected. G. 
 Owen is very hearty, but much taken off by the sickness. 
 Thomas Story, capable, but now absent, which is the first time. 
 Inclosed is a bill from Thomas Masters on Hide for £}^, 
 which I suppose will have honor; if not paid in the time, 
 please not to protest it, for I have agreed with him to recover 
 no other damage than interest. We long to hear more of Mr. 
 William's voyage hither. Letters are arrived here on all hands, 
 dated seven months after thy last, which troubles many. Money 
 comes in exceeding slow. R. Stockton has paid but ^180 
 in money and some more by bills that pay, nor any else 
 proves as expected. I wish thou were an eyp-witness of our 
 difficulties, and then should be easier. I am, in all fidelity, 
 
 Thy most dutiful servant, J. Logan. 
 
 James Logan to William Penn. 
 
 [£x^raU{.'\ Philadelphia, 13/// 6M mo., 1702. 
 
 The tobacco, I hope will prove good ; I have taken 
 
 all possible pains with it; yet there is some better and much 
 worse; 'tis the best I can make of what comes into my hands, 
 but is so exceedingly troublesome that, were I allowed ten per
 
 1702] CORRESPONDENCE. I27 
 
 cent, commission, it would scarce answer the fatigue, the men- 
 tioning of which brings me an opportunity of telling thee that, 
 under five per cent, it cannot be expected I can make any returns 
 at all. I shall scarce get anything by rents, not having time to 
 collect them myself Returns are my care, and if they yield me 
 nothing proportionable to my trouble, I lose the bloom of my 
 youth in vain, and in time to come shall make my decayed 
 strength a monument of folly, to instruct those that come after 
 to beware ; in short, none in Pennsylvania undergoes the 
 trouble I do. What I undertake I am able to perform, and it 
 would be extreme hard should I lose my labor, as I needs must 
 at a price that has been mentioned. Hitherto I have done my 
 utmost, and shall proceed. 
 
 I shall this year, if freight can be had, ship and send off bet- 
 ter than 2000 pounds, and, if all go well, perhaps make that 
 sum sterling, &c. 
 
 The town mill does well, but has little custom. Schuylkill 
 mill went ten days in the spring; but holding my hand in pay- 
 ing J. Marshe's bills, which he would continue to draw on me 
 for his maintenance, notwithstanding he had the profits of the 
 mill, went privately away from her towards New England, with- 
 out any notice, and now is skulking about in that province ; the 
 mill in the meantime is running to ruin, for nobody will take to 
 her, she is such a scandalous piece of work, should we give her 
 for nothing. Pray remember to send over a small pairof cullen 
 stones for this of the town. 
 
 We have sold no land in any of the manors but Rocklands, 
 and 200 acres in Springfield. The bank (z. e. the bank lots) 
 goes off exceeding slowly, as the tax comes in through the great 
 remissness of officers, which I cannot manage. Many are full 
 of talking friendship, but whatever has to be done lies wholly on 
 me, so which makes things sometimes heavier than I can bear. 
 I could never have thought that some in thy absence would 
 pay all their professions of service, they so liberally made, so 
 slightly as with wind only. I much want some further support 
 here, some day I may fall by, &c. 
 
 There has nothing new occurred. Butterworth, mentioned in 
 my last, has brought his brigantine in. The governor presses
 
 128 PENN AND LOGAN [1/02. 
 
 forward a militia, but the Church party, as they call themselves, 
 leave no stone unturned to oppose it, for reasons I have before 
 expressed ; an approbation is much wanted, and makes the gov- 
 ernor very uneasy. 
 
 Lord Cornbury^ is not returned, as we hear of, from Albany. 
 The Indians, 't is said, give him trouble, and come in but slowly, 
 to which his long stay is imputed. ..... 
 
 Old Peter died last week at Pennsbury ; they are weak in 
 hands there. Hugh, an excellent servant, but going to be mar- 
 ried ; he has been sickly. Mary is well. If I thought J. S. 
 would bring no servants I would venture to buy one.^ W. Grott 
 is gone, and Barras is good for nothing. Friends are generally 
 in health, but Hugh Roberts going off. I am, with due respect 
 to all thy family, Thy most faithful, &c., J. Logan. 
 
 James Logan to Letitia Penn. 
 
 Philadelphia, 14//? 6/// mo., 1702. 
 Dear Mistress: — I lately wrote by a vessel that perhaps 
 may come in company with this, and therefore render it need- 
 less ; but having since that disposed of some more of the lot, 
 I think myself obliged to inform thee of it before thy depar- 
 ture. I had sold four of the front small lots, but had received 
 money only for one, viz., ;^I50, for which I gave thee a bill at 
 thy departure for ;{^ioo sterling, drawn by Richard (illegible) 
 on Jonathan Searth of London, paid, I hope, long before this 
 time. The other three lots came to ^300, which I have received; 
 
 ^ [Cornbury visited Albany to examine the decayed stockade fort at 
 that place. Complaining of Col. Romer's neglect in not replacing it by 
 a stone fort, and apprised by the Indians that the French were making 
 great preparations at Montreal, "which could be designed against no 
 place but Albany and Schenectady," Cornbury began " Fort Anne," 
 the foundation-stone of which he laid August 15th, 1702. — Cornbury 
 to Lords of Trade, IV. Documents relating, cScc, 968-970. — Editor.] 
 
 " [This refers to the purchase of a definite term of service. — 
 Editor.]
 
 I702.] CORRESPONDENCE. I29 
 
 200 of it is in Saml. Carpenter's at interest, the other is in mine, 
 not having an opportunity of putting it out, being as yet mixed 
 in thy father's business, from which I cannot extricate it ; for, 
 though I mention money, I receive no such thing but by dis- 
 counts and transfers, and when brought into a fit man's hands, 
 I there fix it on interest, where 't is better it should lie than be 
 sent home, because here it yields above one-third more. I re- 
 ceived none by agreement before 25th ist mo. last, since which 
 time thou ought to have interest, but then, for the most time 
 past, thy father must pay it. I have since sold 60 foot of the 
 bank, clear of the reversion, with a small High Street lot, to 
 Thos. Masters for ;^230, to be paid by way of merchandize, 
 and therefore cannot be brought to bear interest these six mos. 
 yet, but it shall as soon as possible. I have sold the corner lot 
 next the Meeting-House for i^ii5, and three High Street lots, 
 Second Street, for ;^50 each, and the third for £60, and believe 
 I shall sell the remaining four in the Third Street very speedily, 
 but these are not for money ; they are to be built on and mort- 
 gaged for two years, which I take to be rather better, for, upon 
 failure of payment, the improvements become thine, and the 
 interest is secure. I have sold in all to the value of £^g^, and 
 shall continue as occasion offers, but 't is impossible to bring it 
 to interest forthwith, as I always have labored so I still shall, 
 for thy advantage. I have agreed for to the value of ;^ioo, or 
 thereabouts, of the new tract near Newcastle, where thou hast 
 15,000 acres. I sell none there now under ;^20 per hundred. 
 I hope in one year to be able to raise thee a good portion from 
 which is already settled on thee in this Province, good part of 
 which thou knew nothing of Should thou have dependence 
 on nothing else, I wish it may not be too easy disposed of, and 
 upon no other terms than that of merit ; 't would be a scandal 
 that any of thy father's exigencies should be an occasion to 
 sacrifice thee to any but where true love (illegible) as merit. If 
 we continue quiet and I have encouragement to remain in thy 
 father's business, which I much doubt of, and am sure shall 
 have much less reason to value than himself, I hope, with good 
 management, to see him cleared of all incumbrances without 
 being obliged there. 
 
 VOL. 1. — 10
 
 130 PENN AND LOGAN [1/02. 
 
 We exceedingly long, dear mistress, to hear of you, and 
 especially to be put out of doubt about thy marriage, which is 
 commonly reported here, if so. I wish thee happiness, and shall 
 say no more. Jos. Shippen is married at Boston ; we expect 
 him here in ten days. Since thy departure, I cannot inform 
 
 thee of one wedding J. S. has taken a journey to New 
 
 England, having once more received a denial. As for my own 
 part, I must vow celibacy. But perhaps thou art married, and 
 then all this is flat and dull, shall therefore leave it and con- 
 clude. Thy most faithful and affectionate friend and servant, 
 
 J. L. 
 
 William Penn Jr. to James Logan. 
 
 WORMINGHURST, Auglist the \2>th, 1702. 
 
 Dear Friend: — I must own you have a great deal of reason 
 to complain of my not writing of late, nor can I make business 
 my excuse, but this much I can sincerely assure you, that the 
 great love and friendship I bear you is not lessened since we 
 parted, and I am most infinitely obliged to you for letting me 
 know the base and scandalous reports some people have given 
 of me with you, that I might have an opportunity of vindicat- 
 ing myself, both to you and all my friends with you, wherefore 
 J hope you will be assured I am far different from what I am 
 represented to be ; I love my friends, keep company that is not 
 inferior to myself, and never am anything to excess. My dress 
 is all they can complain of, and that but decently genteel, with- 
 out extravagancy ; and as for the poking-iron, I never had 
 courage enough to wear one by my side. You will oblige me 
 if you give this character of me till I make my personal ap- 
 pearance among you, (which shall not be long, God willing,) 
 and I will show you I have been villainously treated. I was 
 much surprised at what you wrote to me about my sister's en- 
 gagement to W. Masters, but we find little in it, for she has 
 been at the meetings, and he was here, but could prove no en- 
 gagement, for it passed the meetings, and she is to be married 
 the day after to-morrow. This comes by Jdhn Sotcher, who 
 has had but few hours' warning, or I had been longer. My
 
 1702.] CORRESPONDENCE. I3T 
 
 wife and sister are well, and desire to be kindly remembered tc 
 thee, as I am Thy most affectionate friend, 
 
 Wm. Penn, Jr. 
 My children are, I thank God, both well, and remember to 
 thee. The boy is a jolly fellow, able to make two of his uncle 
 already. I am sorry you are like to be unsuccessful in your 
 amours. I assure you you have my good wishes, and should 
 have my assistance were I there. Pray give her and her 
 brothers my respects, and tell Joe I hope he will be your friend, 
 for the friendships' sake he promised me when here, as well as 
 for your own. I will write to him by the next ship that sails. 
 
 William Penn to James Logan. 
 
 WORMINGHURST, \^th 6th 7110., I702. 
 
 James Logan: — There is a gentlewoman coming over in the 
 Canterbury, as I suppose that, upon the credit of my cousin 
 Rooth, thou art to supply as far as £60 (or 70) of your money, 
 as my next on this subject shall advise (yearly). She has been 
 unhappy, and changes the air for retirement, her husband living, 
 but an ill choice, and that her misfortune, of which be discreet, 
 any civility thou showest her will be acknowledged. She is 
 recommended to my cousin Asheton to be boarded. If he takes 
 in none, advise together for a sober and reasonable family. I 
 never saw her, but have her character from him as a person 
 seeking solitude. I add no more but my good Wishes, and that 
 if what my cousin Markham wrote to my sister and self, about 
 which he will tell thee, be practicable, I would oblige him at 
 last, though he might have given less reason to our malicious 
 and spiteful enemies. I am thy loving friend, 
 
 Wm. Penn. 
 
 The next letter ' contains an account of mercantile transactions. 
 and many complaints of the difficulties under which they labored. 
 The only articles which I shall transcribe, are as follows: — L. 
 
 • [No date given, but probably of 6th mo., 1702. — Editor.]
 
 132 PENN AND LOGAN [1702. 
 
 About three weeks ago Edmund Du Casteel, coming from 
 Jamaica, fell in with the French fleet, lat. 35, commanded by 
 Chateau Regnaud, convoying the Plate fleet home ; there were 
 36 men-of-war, the whole fleet 56 in number. Edmund was on 
 board the Admiral, and had a pass from him, assuring him there 
 was no war. Whether the admiral knew better or not is un- 
 certain; Edmund did not then. Benbow is still in Jamaica; they 
 say he has despatched expresses home, which 't is thought is 
 about them, but it was not publicly known in the West Indies 
 that any fleet so large were in those parts. 
 
 Thou wilt hear, before this comes to hand, I suppose, that 
 Gen. Codrington has taken St. Christophers from the French, 
 and all hands are busy at that detestable work, privateering, in 
 those parts. We have no news from Europe for some months. 
 
 We are exceeding desirous to hear of thy resolution in regard 
 to this place. Thy presence would be a great comfort to many, 
 and a right method a great furtherance to business, and ease, I 
 hope, to me. I struggle through better than I expected, but 
 for want of support, it is sometimes too hard. I have often 
 been plain, but it may well be allowed, for I am sure I have reason 
 on my side. I hope Mr. William's resolutions hold to visit us. 
 Friends generally are in health, but Hugh ' Roberts goes off. 
 
 William Penn to James Logan. 
 
 London, bth ']th mo., 1702. 
 I have thine of the i8th 7th, with the duplicates. I heartily 
 wish that of Charles Read, Keeble, &c., had come as ample as 
 thy former packets per J. Sotcher seemed to promise me. He 
 is now at Plymouth, from whom I yesterday heard, and send 
 this thither for conveyance. 
 
 ' Isaac Norris to Jonathan Dickinson, dated nth 6th-mo., 1702 : 
 "Dear Hugh Roberts is, we think, very near his end. I was to see him 
 on First-day, and then took a solemh and tender farewell, his soul being 
 resigned, earnestly desiring and expecting his change ; as in his life he 
 was a preacher of love, so now in his latest moments does he continue 
 to be so." — L.
 
 1702.] CORRESPONDENCE. I33 
 
 Hopezi'cU. — This vessel is, through the mercy of God, come 
 safe to the Frith in Scotland, and there waits for a convoy, with 
 divers other ships, and one is gone for them. 
 
 Tobacco. — I am sorry for the difficulty thou findest in gather- 
 ing in the lower (counties) rents in merchantable tobacco.^ Take 
 any thing else that will make a surer market, though three or 
 four months more be required for it. 
 
 Cafitico. — I shall be glad if this dull sailer get as safely as 
 the Hopewell. I am tender as to insurance, and did nothing in 
 it for the Hopewell. Also, if the Rebecca comes well, I shall 
 esteem it an engaging Providence. 
 
 Gov. Haniiltoji. — The Queen is at the Bath, and things move 
 slowly, but daily hope for Gov. Hamilton's approbation. In 
 short, your neighbor's friends endeavor to extend his govern- 
 ment as far as they can, and to have a word from him (Lord 
 Cornbury,^ I mean) in his favor may serve him. 
 
 Lord Conibury. — I am glad, since he came, you were able 
 to treat him to content, and acknowledged it to Edward Shippen 
 and the rest concerned, in proportion to their service.' With a 
 just resentment, I heard by D. Camp, to whom my love, he 
 should say, these people will kill me with kindness. If his 
 luxury and poverty, which is to extremity, and his father's at 
 this hour, don't bias me ; he has sense and address. But thy 
 packet covering his put me to twenty odd shillings charge post- 
 age, whereas, directed to the Secretary's Office for the Queen's 
 service had saved it, so thou mayst direct, upon occasion " To 
 John Ellis, Esq., at Sir Charles Hedges' Office at Whitehall," and 
 within for me, will be a safe way. 
 
 * The tobacco trade is always spoken of by James Logan as being 
 precarious and troublesome in the extreme, he says : " The commo- 
 dity in general, as ordered among us, is certainly the greatest cheat 
 as well as slavery in trade. — L. 
 
 ^ [Edward Hyde, Viscount Cornbury, who is so frequently men- 
 tioned in this correspondence, was the grandson of the famous Earl of 
 Clarendon, and succeeded to the earldom in 1709. He married 
 Katharine, daughter of Lord O' Brian, son of the Earl Richmond, of 
 Ireland, who died in 1706. She was buried in Trinity Church, New 
 York. Lord Cornbury died in 1723 without male issue. — Editor.] 
 
 ' A postscript to a short letter of Wm. Penn's says : " Lord Corn- 
 bury's letter to his father never mentioned you." — L.
 
 134 PENN AND LOGAN [1702. 
 
 My Son. — I had sent my son with J. Sotcher, had he staid as 
 long at Portsmouth as, unknown to me, he has done at Plymouth ; 
 and, since the convoy is yet unready, perhaps that may be done 
 yet, and the approbation go too, unless the Queen's distance 
 should prolong it. 
 
 Proclaiming her. — By N. Puckle, the first that sailed thither, 
 after the change, but, after leave to go, I fear hung too long by 
 the way here. 
 
 'Stockton. — Since my title pinched him, and that put him 
 upon the purchase, I think he should pinch to get money, and 
 send me it without any more ado. I am sorry I took not the 
 half of the subscriptions with me in pieces of eight, though I 
 had lost £yo per cent., so greatly am I straitened, and I perceive 
 like to be, by the method observed jy S. Carpenter; another 
 course must be taken, or I must look to myself as fast as I can. 
 
 Tishe. — My daughter is married next Fifth-day ^ 
 
 inst. will be three weeks. We have brought her home, where I 
 write, a noble house for the city, and other things, I hope, well. 
 But S. Penington's, if not S. Harwood's, striving for William Mas- 
 ters against faith, truth, righteousness, will not be easily forgot- 
 ten, though things came honorably off to his and the old envy's 
 confusion, his father's friends nobly testifying against the ac- 
 tions of both. I bless the Lord this leaves us well, but I would 
 not have thee divulge my writing now, because I cannot write 
 to any else, but mind it for thy private observation and adver- 
 tisement. But per the next post intend more letters, for John's 
 letters came but yesterday, to hand. I leave matters with thee, 
 and hope the utmost diligence as well as truth from thee, and 
 am Thy assured friend, Wm. Penn. 
 
 James Logan to William Penn. 
 
 Philadej PHIA, i\th ith-mo., 1702. 
 The, ship staying at York for the convoy gives this further 
 opportunity of writing, which I wish I could make use of as I 
 
 ' [Illegible, but should be loth of Sept., 1702. Letitia Penn was 
 married to Wm. Aubrey, Thursday, (Fifth-day,) August 20, 1702, O. 
 S. — Editor.]
 
 1702.] CORRESPONDENCE. I35 
 
 would, but, almost ever since my last, I have been severely 
 visited with a fever, which makes me incapable in all respects 
 of writing as I should. 
 
 At York they are visited with a mortal distemper, much the 
 same with what was here three years ago, which sweeps off 
 great numbers ; 't is such a visitation as that place, they say, 
 never knew before, carrying off eight, ten, or twelve in a day. 
 They are unhealthy likewise at Boston this post informs us. 
 
 A fever alone, and a fever and ague rages amongst us here 
 very violently ; the fever is not at all mortal, but is exceeding 
 afflicting, a few fits leaving the patient so weak and languishing 
 that it requires a great length of time to restore strength. I 
 have had one these three months, as most severe as any in the 
 country ; one fit held me almost speechless and besides my 
 senses twelve hours on a stretch, but I bless God I am recover- 
 ing, and have now got strength enough to write this in an in- 
 terval ; it lies much in my head and makes me incapable of all 
 business, but, with God's blessing, hope in a few weeks to re- 
 cover my strength again. I hope all thy family enjoy a better 
 state of health there ; we much long to hear from Europe, and 
 of thy affairs particularly. Our Mayor just now here, and gives 
 thee his dear love ; five or six of his family are or have been 
 down, but are recovering. The small-pox is over in town, and 
 is there drawing well-nigh over; it has been favorable. I shall 
 not now add, but that, &c., &c. 
 
 Thomas Story is returned from his northern tour. 
 
 Some light will be thrown on this article by the following extract : 
 " This coming by R. Janney, in company with William Masters, gives 
 me occasion to turn my pen to a subject which, as duty on one hand 
 obliges me to hint, so prudence-with the other to touch with the utmost 
 tenderness. If, upon the news brought by several letters on board 
 Guy, that in all probability my young mistress by this time has changed 
 her name, though I willingly would, I cannot forbear informing thee 
 of what has been since but too liberally discovered of her, and among 
 the rest, by some that signed the certificate,* viz., that she \^as under 
 
 * In the Society of Friends, when a certificate of removal is given to single per- 
 sons, it is mentioned whether they are, or not, free from marriage engagements. — L. 
 
 [In another hand we find the following memorandum : " It was so formerly, but 
 not now, in 1850." — Editor.]
 
 136 PENN AND LOGAN [1702. 
 
 an engagement of marriage, before she left this place, to William Mas- 
 ters ; the said signers having, upon some unhappy information given 
 them, lately expressed so great a dissatisfaction at what they had done, 
 that it had been proposed to send over and contradict or retract it. I 
 am really a stranger to what passed on this occasion, but what I could 
 fear I tried to prevent ; but, from the discourses of those who had bet- 
 ter opportunities of knowing, I have too much reason to believe she 
 was actually under some engagement to William, from which, with 
 great reflection and some dishonor, she cannot recede without he re- 
 sign. My reason for mentioning this is, that if she is engaged to Wil- 
 liam Aubrey, but all not confirmed, such caution may be used with 
 William Masters as to get a clearance from him the best way it may be 
 obtained ; or, if all be over, lest W. Masters, on the disappointment, 
 which he will bitterly resent, should be guilty.of any expressions which 
 may tend to her disquiet, that prudent measures should be used to 
 soften him, and stop his mouth from injuring her, either in respect to 
 her husband or the world. I am much troubled that there should be 
 occasion for this from me, and that it must expose me to unkind re- 
 flections, at least, if communicated, &c. 
 
 " There is not one syllable here designed on his (W. M.'s) account ; 
 for, in affairs relating to that sex, I am noways his debtor, though I 
 wish him well, which he will scarcely believe, and therefore has been 
 unkind to me. I mention this only to shew that nothing prevails with 
 me but the desire of her honor and welfare ; whoever could make her 
 happiest would be most congratulated by me on his success, &c. 
 
 " Wm. Penn, Jr., in a letter of this period says: 'My sister Letitia 
 has, I believe, a very good sort of man, that makes a good husband. 
 William Masters, whatever grounds he had for it in Pennsylvania, made 
 a mighty noise here, but it lasted not long.' " 
 
 William Penn to James Logan. 
 
 London, zT^d 'jmo., 1702. 
 Thine, per Rebecca as well as Hopewell, are come ; that per 
 ye first just now ; yet I cannot answer, being ready to take coach 
 for the Bath : my only business there being to solicit the Queen, 
 and urge the Dukes of Somerset and Queensbury, about con- 
 firming Governor Hamilton with us, for the Lords of Trade 
 have condemned him upon^ my memorial unfit, because of 
 Randals swearing him guilty of forbidden trade upon a Scotch 
 ship, or'master at Burlington he indulged. I pray for but one 
 year's time, till he can have time to vindicate himself and coun- 
 
 ' That is, notwithstanding my memorial. — L.
 
 1702.] CORRESPONDENCE. I37 
 
 try. I must be gone, and least J. Sotcher should. The Rebecca 
 is come with the fleet from Virginia, and the Hopewell with the 
 colliers without insurance ; but logwood is cheap, and I fear the 
 profit will not be much if it is money. S. V. will be more par- 
 ticular. We are through mercy well, and salute thee and all our 
 friends as if named. Thy real friend, 
 
 Wm. Penn. 
 Lord Cornbury's letter to his father never mentioned you. 
 {Per Win. Biles, in the Experiment) 
 
 James Log.\n to William Penn. 
 
 \_Exiracts.'\ Philadelphia, 2d%th-mo., 1702. 
 
 The writer, Mrs. Logan observes, complains of being still 
 almost incapable of business, from several relapses and returns 
 of his disorder, which greatly affected his head. The Industry, 
 the ship by which his former letter was sent, sailed round to 
 New York on the 17th 6th-mo., and was still there waiting for the 
 convoy of a man-of-war. The occasion of their stay was " Lord 
 Cornbury still keeping at Albany : and for fear of the sickness 
 which is still furious there." The writer then says : I hope the 
 distempers among us, as small-pox, have been the cause of the 
 great damp in trade this year, and though at this time 't is 
 extreme dull, that it may recover 
 
 We have scarce any trade to the West Indies; our goods that 
 
 we bought here for 20, sell there for 15 Wheat bears no 
 
 price ; the bolters universally refuse to buy. 
 
 I am sorry letters cannot be more pleasant ; it is with regret 
 I write, and am sure take no pleasure in melancholy stories, but 
 I must act the part of a true historian, whose subject, if displeas- 
 ing, the fault is in that, and not in him ; and, therefore, believing 
 myself obliged to give impartial relations of what passes after 
 the preceding must give the following : 
 
 Our corporation of Philadelphia have of late so highly 
 exerted their powers, especially in claiming a right to all the 
 aldermen to act as justices in the Court of Common Pleas, for 
 both city and county, which some considerable lawyers, as well
 
 138 PENN AND LOGAN [1702. 
 
 as the Governor and others, think they have no right to : and 
 that it has bred confusion between them and the justices by 
 commission. Guest and Captain Finney, the chief, opposed it 
 highly ; the latter refusing to sit any more, and the former 
 uneasy to the utmost. Whether he will sit or not, I know not ; 
 his love to a place perhaps may prevail. The courts have been 
 strangely adjourned upon it, but at length the Mayor and alder- 
 men carried it, I may say by force : declaring thou hadst given 
 a charter that was their expectation of it, and none whatever 
 should hinder them ; and proceeding accordingly, they have 
 held their Mayor's Court, in which they use the same methods, 
 and claim the whole fines for all offences within their cognizance, 
 among which those of the public-houses, for selling without 
 licenses, and which is the only one I have been able to get a 
 farthing by, touches me tha nearest. The rest I tliink they have 
 mostly a right to ; of these I have got as many imposed as the 
 juries would let me, and got them also levied this summer, but 
 if they can have their way, I have been taking pains for others. 
 This I doubt will cost us a dispute with them, which I shall 
 enter on, rather than lose them, though it will be one means 
 more to expose me to ill-will. 
 
 A fortnight ago a council being held, the election of repre- 
 sentatives for assembly granted to be yearly, ist of 8mo., to sit 
 the 14th, by the Charter of Privileges, was discoursed of, which 
 not being by writ, and therefore not the Governor's act, he was 
 of opinion with but few others, among whom myself, being 
 admitted freedom of speech in council ; for that day, with some 
 ado, I got down stairs and was present; that by all means an 
 assembly at this juncture — the Governor not being approved — 
 was to be avoided ; especially, beside the aforesaid reason which 
 would occasion disputes when it came to legislation : because 
 in all probability it would be a means of disuniting the lower 
 counties from this Province, which was reckoned unfit now — 
 and that all our study should be only to preserve peace and good 
 order, and prevent occasions of complaint, as much as ought to 
 be, which attempting matters of that moment might suggest; and 
 it was thought that as the lower counties, who have absolutely 
 denied the charter, would not take any notice of it, so the
 
 1702.] CORRESPONDENCE. I39 
 
 province might slip it over, not remembering it : but some being 
 of opinion this would forfeit their privileges, and others who 
 had got by the end, thinking this the only time to disunite and 
 serve themselves with laws for their pui-pose, took care to pub- 
 lish it, so that yesterday being the day election was made, 
 Friends chiefly appearing. 
 
 The members of this county are, David Lloyd in the first place, 
 then Anthony Morris, T. Richardson, and Griffith Jones, the 
 stiffest men they could choose. The paper was presented to the 
 
 sheriff by that worthless man I forgot to mention, when 
 
 speaking of the charter, that it is the opinion of the most indif- 
 ferent men of sense, that the whole management of the corpo- 
 ration, especially their contending with the country justices — 
 those being so called who are such by thy commission — is an 
 intrigue of David Lloyd's and John Moore's, who are now most 
 strictly united to confuse all our courts and their proceedings ; 
 that a stop being put to the administration of justice, such com- 
 plaints may be now sent home, as were upon the convulsions 
 of this Government when the King took it into his hands before ; 
 but what Friends' intention in choosing the first member could 
 be, is yet a mystery. He is now made J. Moore's deputy judge 
 of the Admiralty, advocate at the said court, and is now at New 
 Castle upon a trial in it, notwithstanding his opposition to it 
 before thy arrival occasioned thee so much trouble. He and 
 Moore are the city advocates, and daily blow them up to such 
 mettle, I really know not what to make of the face of things 
 among us. This town's charter, which should bind the people 
 to thee, sets them so much for themselves, that there is too little 
 regard paid thee, and scarce any to thy interest. For my own 
 part, I have endeavored to deal as equally to the people as pos- 
 sible can consist with thy interest ; yet, having so few, I may 
 with much justice say, to stand by me firmly, especially in con- 
 sultation for thy interest, that I am left exposed, rendered severe 
 and cruel by exacting of prices, which yet I know are still too 
 moderate and low ; were it in my power to do better, though in 
 the general thou hast no reason to complain, if the examination 
 be not left till seven or ten years hence, when the prices may 
 be doubled ; this I know I am universally found fault with by
 
 140 PENN AND LOGAN [17O2. 
 
 the common vague of the country, though reasonable men think 
 more favorably, and balance it with that of my discharging but 
 my duty in it. I speak not a syllable of this, I can boldly 
 declare, to gain favor; but as the matter offers, which, if not 
 believed, will be a real injustice, for I can safely say, there is gen- 
 erally so great a disregard of thy affairs among the people, that 
 to carry them on vigorously is to sail against wind and tide. 
 They are very considerable in this province, as I have showed 
 before ; and if things go well in Europe and the West Indies 
 give encouragement to trade, may extricate me of all my trouble 
 from creditors, though that calculation was too large, for buyers 
 are very dull now, to what they were just before thy going off: 
 no strangers having this year come among us, nor any ship from 
 England, but the Messenger. I say thy affairs, however, are so 
 considerable that they not only deserve thy regard, but imme- 
 diate presence, as I have often said before. The load now lies 
 so much upon me, that, notwithstanding I have but little 
 befriended myself since my coming into the province, and this 
 year, by reason of my charge, less than ever, and therefore 
 might want a support : yet I had better go into the woods than 
 perpetually undergo the fatigues, which in a little time, for want 
 of more true friends to thee, should things continue as they are, 
 will grow wholly unsupportable; nor can I name one here fit 
 for want of either capacity or inclination, to take off any share 
 of the burden. The commissioners on that business still sit 
 pretty duly as to property ; but Edward Shippen is much thronged 
 in his own affairs, and has the faculty of understanding little but 
 those, yet he has been true, and well inclined, according to his 
 ability, and I hope will continue so: but the corporation has 
 done him no kindness. I wish thine — by any act — could be 
 made his own business, and then near would equal him. Thomas 
 Story, with a resolution taken up not to give any offence, besides 
 his natural inclination, avoids, as much as possible, any trouble 
 of that kind ; being exceeding uneasy to him, and is desirous to 
 be released, as I suppose thou wilt shortly hear from his own 
 hand. Honest Griffith Owen is steel to the back — were he very 
 capable — but none of these will concern themselves any further 
 than that bare commission, except in some few things I force
 
 1702.] CORRESPONDENCE. T4I 
 
 on them. Nothing can be expected from any thou canst send 
 from thence, for they never proved well yet. Thyself, therefore, 
 it is that must stand the main wheel, and I doubt not it will 
 prove worth while. Pray write nothing from my letters to any 
 here — as the corporation or others — for then I must fly the 
 province. Pray write jointly to the commissioners if thou sus- 
 pect anything in my letters — be pleased to consult any from 
 hence. 'Tis an unhappiness that Puckle is not arrived before 
 the departure of this ship — who is bound to Milford from Wm. 
 French, &c. ; Wm. Burge goes in her ; John Guy is master — that 
 I might answer thy letters, which I expect will be angry for those 
 things sent, John Sotcher, who we hear is arrived, not coming 
 sooner. But however the unhappiness of affairs may have ren- 
 dered things, I did all that, with any show of reason, was in my 
 power: and I am sure no backwardness of mine was the cause 
 of it; but I have there given my reasons, which I hope will be 
 satisfactory. My trouble is, that Puckle sailed from London 
 before J. Sotcher arrived. At Pennsbury they are now in indif- 
 ferent health, but have had the distemper. Peter, I informed 
 before, is dead. Hugh and Barnes, the only two white servants, 
 have been ill of the distemper, but are recovered. Hugh is 
 going to be married and leave us as soon as his place can be 
 supplied. Mary is so lonesome that she is resolved in winter, if 
 her husband come not before, to come live in town. 
 
 Having some time after thy departure to live in S. Carpenter's 
 house, I continued longer, resolving not to leave it till spring; 
 but then receiving in thy letters an account of Mr. William's 
 design to come over, and finding no convenience to be had in 
 town for the council, commissioners of property, reception of 
 the Governor, &c. ; and willing that some appearance of gov- 
 ernment should continue, by having a fixed place for that, and 
 all other public affairs ; and thinking by that, thy coming, which 
 I caused to be believed, as much as possible, would be the more 
 firmly depended upon, I have still continued, and kept house 
 in it till this time — being the only suitable place to be thought 
 of in town — but now hearing nothing more of thy son's coming, 
 and I finding things bear too hard upon me, I design speedily 
 to go, table myself and man abroad, and shorten my charges,
 
 14? PENN AND LOGAN [1702. 
 
 which I have hitherto been at, chiefly for public considera- 
 
 tioas 
 
 The town mill goes well, but v/ill not yield much profit, though 
 the cost above ;i^400, without a pair of black stone or cullens — 
 which I wrote for before. The miller next week leaves for that 
 on Naaman's Creek : we have not yet got another 
 
 James Logan to Richard Harford. 
 \_Extract.'\ Philadelphia, id'^th-mo., 1702. 
 
 .... At New York they are sorely visited with a mortal dis- 
 temper, equal, they say, to the plague ; and here we have also 
 with a fever, which, though exceeding troublesome, seldom ever 
 touched the life, but otherwise very afflicting. With this I have 
 been tormented for six weeks past, and have scarce recovered 
 strength yet for any business : it seized the head much and ren- 
 dered the brain weak, to which impute what of that kind appears 
 in '.'his letter; that about B. I excepted, for then I was in my 
 perfect senses. I will not add but that with dear love to thyself, 
 and sincere respects to thy wife, brother, and friend, I am 
 
 Thy sincere and still affectionate friend, J. L. 
 
 James Logan to William Penn. 
 \_Extract.'\ Philadelphia, \Wi Zmo., 1702. 
 
 .... Those scandalous papers of that unworthy tool. Col. 
 Quary, were laid before the council with thy answers and 
 rejoinders, and met the due resentment of them all. They have 
 ordered an answer to be drawn up here — the best that can — 
 but pray do not expect more in thy absence than could be done 
 while thou wast present. C. Read is an instance of it, though 
 he appeared very hearty. I wish there were no more ; but I 
 have been very plain on that head in my former letters. 
 
 On the 14th instant, fourteen representatives met for assembly 
 for the province, but none for the lower counties, they declaring, 
 as we since hear, that the Charter of Privileges was no sum-
 
 I702.] CORRESPONDENCE. I43 
 
 mons to them ; but had writs gone down they would have chose, 
 which could not be, because it had been denying them the char- 
 ter; nor would they have done it. Besides, the Governor — as 
 in my last by Wm. Burge to Milford — was much averse to any 
 assembly at all, if it could be slid over : and what has already 
 past shows what old grounds there were for it. 
 
 The fourteen representatives being convened on the day 
 appointed, with the Governor and council, and finding them- 
 selves too small in number to act, desired to know whether the 
 lower counties had chose or made return of members ; which 
 being answered in the negative, they requested they might pro- 
 ceed, according to the grant and rules of the charter, which is 
 that they might enter their separation from the lower counties, 
 and so have four members more added to them for each county, 
 so as to make them twenty-four. This involved a total dis- 
 union from the said counties. The whole council opposed, and 
 to their utmost, by all the mild ways possible, holding frequent 
 conferences, especially every night, and using the same endeav- 
 ors in the day ; yet they were all obstinate to a man. David 
 Lloyd chiefly encouraging it, till at length seeing the great 
 earnestness of both Governor and council, who they believed 
 at last mostly sought their good as well as their own, upon a 
 motion industriously urged in some of the conferences, that they 
 should stay at least till writs were sent down to try the lower 
 counties, into the tail of which a paragraph was inserted, hoping 
 it would please. After three desperate tuggings, they at length 
 wore out with shame, and over D. Lloyd's head — as appeared 
 by his absenting himself — they presented themselves; and J. 
 G., in behalf of them all who were there, by their order, declared 
 their sentiments were, that they had been long joined to the 
 said counties ; that the charter was a new thing, and as they 
 would not act precipitately, therefore craved a month longer to 
 consider of it, but would say nothing at all to the writ — a copy 
 of one of which is enclosed. I cannot get the minutes ready. 
 The Governor and council were wholly of opinion that sep- 
 aration at this juncture — considering what appeared from Col. 
 Quary's papers — would prove exceedingly injurious to thy 
 affairs, which papers were also seht the representatives to peruse.
 
 144 PENN AND LOGAN [1702. 
 
 I cannot add. I am ashamed to say this unaccountable distem- 
 per still sticks close upon me, as most others that have had it, 
 with relapses, j^ricvous headaches and weakness ; yet I still do 
 what nature will allow me, which makes me longer in recover- 
 ing. I often thought I had been free of it, but still find it hard. 
 
 David Lloyd's great design seems to be the charter of prop- 
 erty which he has already moved, and which will prove very 
 unhappy, because though thou didst give the negative from Eng- 
 land, to the whole, yet the paper thou wrote with thy own hand, 
 and signed and sealed, delivering it to the Governor, (Hamilton,) 
 will make troublesome work, I doubt, because it grants unrea- 
 sonably, and thou hast sent nothing yet of a charter as expected, 
 though could they judge of affairs, they would not. 
 
 At Pennsbury they are well. Mary gives all her service and 
 dear love. She comes to town this winter if her husband comes 
 not. I am, as Mary, thy faithful and dutiful servant, 
 
 James Logan. 
 
 James Logan to William Penn. 
 
 Philadelphia, 1st, 10/h-mo., 1702. 
 
 [The beginning of this letter, says Mrs. Logan, contains ac- 
 knowledgments of the receipts of the Proprietor's letters, and an 
 account of the writer's own weak state of health from many 
 relapses of his disorder. He then proceeds:] 
 
 As to Quary, touched in several places, he was long believed 
 here to have fallen into the hands of the French, which struck 
 a great damp into that party ; but unhappily about ten days 
 ago he brought the first news of his arrival himself. He appears 
 very big upon it, struts extremely among his own herd; magnifies 
 his own services and the great deference paid him there, as well 
 as his victory ; and boasts that he not only foiled thee before the 
 Lords of Trade, but had gained his point before the Queen her- 
 self, with several stories patched uj), as much as possible, to thy 
 disadvantage, at which that envious crew hug themselves, and 
 are overgrown with expectation of all becoming Dons, &c. He 
 also brought with him, they say, a letter of thanks from the
 
 1702.] CORRESPONDENCE. I45 
 
 Lords of Trade to those of the lower counties, who sent the ad- 
 dress, assuring them of their regard and protection, all which 
 being greedily embraced by those who would have it so, is of 
 very ill consequence to the carrying 041 of business, where any 
 of them are concerned : an instance of which I had the other 
 day from one below. John Healy, who has always before 
 appeared to me extremely friendly, and who had engaged to 
 pay George Dakeque for me last /th-day due on his bond ; instead 
 of money gave only this answer: "That he was informed another 
 receiver-general was shortly to call them to account; and, there- 
 fore, to prevent his paying his rent over again, he thought it 
 safest to secure the money in his own hands." I wrote to John 
 about it, as hoping it a misinformation, and that I could not 
 believe it of him, but have had no answer. 
 
 The Council have meetings to consider of his (Quary's) arti- 
 cles in the Governor's absence, but are at a loss how to frame 
 effectual answers by negatives ; they judge he ought to prove 
 them : for that the Friends have barely denied them will be no 
 answer at all, at least not near so effectual as those thou couldst 
 give when confronting him there; the credit of what is sent 
 from hence consisting only in the signing of names: which they 
 will always clamor against, and affirm to be picked and called 
 for the purpose of making us all parties; and thy answers made 
 on the spot, contradicting him to his face, must needs prevail 
 more than his. The method, therefore, proposed to be taken is, 
 viz., to address the Queen herself, congratulating her accession, 
 &c., as Friends there, and others here, with our adjacent colo- 
 nies, have made and are about making, and in that to complain 
 closely of the abuses put upon us by men of such a character ; 
 and to request her, that a commission of inquiry may be issued 
 to some of our neighbors who are impartial, and may be pre- 
 sumed to be noways prejudiced against us, to make a full 
 examination of all matters alleged ; where all the requisite 
 proofs, on every side, may be at hand, and full credit be given 
 to the report, against which there may be no account. 
 
 Whether this will really take or not, is yet uncertain, by 
 reason of the Governor's absence, who came from West Jersey 
 the day before the Assembly had appointed to meet, and went
 
 146 PENN AND LOGAN [1702. 
 
 away for Amboy the day after they broke up, which was the 
 fifth day after they came together; but of this more hereafter. 
 
 It is, however, concluded that answers shall be drawn, in 
 which considerable advances are to be made ; and because the 
 messenger is hurrying away unexpectedly before the frost, all 
 possible care shall be taken to dispatch them by the first oppor- 
 tunity from the eastward or otherwise. The Governor having 
 lately moved his family to Amboy, and my continuing some 
 weeks after Puckle's arrival under that unhappy affliction of the 
 distemper settling in my head, which I often feared would prove 
 fatal to my memory, as an apoplexy, have been the true causes 
 why I have not been able to get these things ready. 
 
 It were to be wished some other officers of the government, 
 who get no less by it than I do, would more effectually lend a 
 helping hand in those ministerial affairs with which, considering 
 the other charges no less incumbent upon me, I am at present 
 oppressed ; but upon thy son's arrival, if thy own cannot be so 
 soon, I hope for some relief 
 
 We are sensible of thy great exigencies, for want of sufficient 
 supplies there, but I can find no better way to remedy it than 
 those I am upon. When thy son arrives, he will be a witness of 
 our circumstances, and that I pretend nothing for the sake of 
 excuse, but what we too feelingly experience to be true. Wheat, 
 that while thou wast here was our best comtnodity, goes now 
 begging from door to door, and can scarcely find a buyer ; 
 the cheapness of grain in England allowing provisions from 
 thence at much easier rates than our countrymen will yet afford 
 it ; so that very few vessels have gone out this fall — which used 
 to be the busiest time — and even these lie here long before 
 freighted, a tedious time to the wharves, to get two-third loading, 
 perhaps with which they are forced to go away. The merchants 
 thus forbearing to buy, the country can get no money. Wheat 
 they offer in pay, but that here is no vent for it, for it is no bet- 
 ter than nothing; nor indeed the merchants much better supplied 
 with money than the country. They buy goods of the vessels 
 come in, at 150 per cent., but how they will be paid for, none 
 can foresee; unless corn rise in England, or a peace — which is
 
 1702.] CORRESPONDENCE. I47 
 
 not likely — open to us the Spanish trade, this province seems 
 in danger of being brought to an ebb 
 
 I dun for money to my utmost, showing to honest Friends and 
 others to whom 't is fit, the convenient parts of thy letters ; but 
 even of the quitrents, which the county would more willingly 
 pay than other debt; and in Chester County — always reputed 
 the richest — a very good hand that I employed would in five 
 weeks' time, spent almost wholly upon it, collect but about 
 ;^30 : though he went over the greatest part of it all. Of the 
 supply from Bucks I have received but one ton and a half of 
 flour 
 
 Land, however, sells as well as ever, but they generally dis- 
 appoint wholly in their pay ; and many finding the difficulty fly 
 off again ; yet if trade once went with encouragement as before, 
 thou needs not doubt, I believe, of being cleared of all thy 
 incumbrances in some time, by this province alone, and as I 
 have often said, it well deserves thy regard in person here 
 
 For this past year, we have sold but 165 feet of the bank, of 
 which good part is yet unpaid, according to thy concessions ; 
 who under thy hand granted two years for the latter moiety of 
 the payment. This backwardness was foolishly occasioned by 
 a public discourse of P. Parmyter, a few days after thy departure : 
 who affirming thy right extended no further than to the edge 
 of the river — I know not whether high- or low-water mark — 
 and that all the ground gained from the river was the King's, 
 and not thine, discouraged most (for it soon spread) from buy- 
 ing. Joshua Carpenter who was eager before, with several others, 
 alleged this for their onl}^ reason. 
 
 I cannot believe but a bargain as thou mention — with- the 
 Crown — if to be had on any good terms, is fit to be accepted. 
 Friends here, at least the generality of the most knowing, think 
 government so ill-fitted to their principles, that it renders them 
 very indifferent in that point, further than that they earnestly 
 desire thy success in vindicating the country's reputation, and 
 that they may not fall a spoil to such base hands as now seek 
 our ruin. Privileges, they believe, such as might be depended 
 on for continuance, both to thee and them with a moderate gov- 
 ernor, would set thee much more at ease and give thee an hap-
 
 148 PENN AND LOGAN [1702. 
 
 pier life as proprietor, only than thou hast yet had as governor; 
 besides, that it would exempt them from the solicitude they are 
 under, both from their own importance and the malicious watch- 
 fulness of enemies. 
 
 A letter came directed to his " Excellency Lewis Morris, her 
 Majesty's Governor of the Jersies," and we have heard a com- 
 mission for him was ingrossed, and brought to the seal, but 
 stopped by Lord Rochester and Clarendon, in behalf of Lord 
 Cornbury, who has now obtained them — and that Col. Ingolsby 
 is lieutenant, and J. Bass secretary ; the report of which is 
 afflicting to the West Jerseys, who, with others, may bless them- 
 selves at the management of affairs, when such a tool as the 
 last, after so long opportunities of being known, can obtain a 
 commission. 
 
 P. Parmyter has never been in the province since he first left 
 it, a few days after thy departure. 'Tis said that Col. Quary is 
 made a commissary for this place, by the Bishop of London : ^ 
 so that 'tis feared J. Moore will- now act by authority under 
 him. The Governor is exceeding tender, for want of approba- 
 tion, otherwise that office would soon be wrenched out of his 
 (J. Moore's) hands, the register's I mean. He is base and un- 
 grateful, as thou writes, we well know, and now begins daily to 
 be more loathed by indifferent men. But that ever such a fellow 
 should have a commission from thee, sticks deep in the thoughts 
 of many. 
 
 A. Morris behaves as well as possibly his temper can 
 let him ; he seems much brought off from that busy humor, 
 and sometimes speaks in a meeting ; but David Lloyd is believed 
 to be too deep in the plot with J. Moore. 'Tis certain they 
 both join in endeavoring to stop the courts, and procrastinate 
 acts of justice. 
 
 That of the French Indians I believe is entirely fictitious, we 
 hear nothing like it ; they seem quiet all around us. Harry has 
 been lately among the Onandagoes, and promised to take this 
 place in his return, as in his outsetting, but has failed of it, being 
 come home near two months ago. They are quiet there, we 
 
 * [Henry Compton, translated from Oxford, ob, July 7, 1713. — Ed.]
 
 I702.] CORRESPONDENCE. I49 
 
 hear; our own Indians for this last year have seldom come near 
 us ; some of them are uneasy, and threaten to disturb the remote 
 settlers of land : such as the new German tract, which they 
 
 clamor is not purchased I have wrote to Dr. Zachary 
 
 about the guns, as desired, but have no answer; perhaps he will 
 write to thyself; our post, by Samuel's death, has of late much 
 failed us 
 
 I told and weighed that bag of money left sealed by Hall, in 
 his presence, and gave him a receipt for it, he being near too 
 much in our debt, but have not yet settled accounts with him. 
 Instead of putting him down, the court sets at his house ; he 
 has no license, and I can do no more, for the corporation assume 
 that to themselves 
 
 Thou received a new wig thyself some little time before thy 
 departure, as I remember, which cost either forty or fifty shillings, 
 and N. Puckle would put an ill-favored one on me, which thou gave 
 him he said to dispose of his last voyage : but I sent it forth- 
 with to my wig-maker's to .sell to the best advantage 
 
 I have spoke to the chief of those concerned in the iron 
 mines, but they seem careless, having never had a meeting since 
 thy departure ; their answer is that they have not yet found any 
 considerable vein. 
 
 Governor Hamilton comes and stays with us as there is occa- 
 sion, but seldom otherwise; his free temper puts him to a con- 
 siderable charge, so that I have been forced to supply him very 
 considerably, not having had one forfeiture of any kind, but a 
 late one of Butterworth's vessel, and a chest of goods : the 
 first apprized at ;{^ioo the whole, the other not yet, but have re- 
 ceived nothing though the money be paid into the court : it is in 
 such bad hands we expect no justice that can be withheld. The 
 seizure was made at New Castle ; among the goods were some 
 East Indian, which they parted from the rest and brought to a 
 particular trial before Quary's arrival : grounding the libel on 
 the 12 Car. II., which divides the forfeiture into two shares only, 
 one to the King, the other the informer, without any part to the 
 Governor. I appeared at the court and opposed it : upon which 
 they deferred their decree till I could have the opinion of 
 the lawyers of New York ; accordingly, W. Nicholls and J.
 
 150 PENN AND LOGAN [1702. 
 
 Emmot's^ were procured, which was that the East India goods 
 could be tried here by no Act of Parliament ; but that if they 
 were, they should upon forfeiture be divided into thirds as 
 others; yet I expect no favor; that opinion, though obtained 
 at their own instance, being employed, as I am informed, for 
 Col. Quary being at last court himself, I did not appear. 
 
 As to fines — I have promoted and pressed their levy in this 
 county to my utmost, and got warrants signed for all that the clerk 
 could make out estreats for, but those for unlicensed ale-houses, 
 being the most considerable, the corporation, as I have said 
 before, claimed by their charter. The tonnage money is dropped, 
 as I have also mentioned before, by a direct repeal of that law, 
 yet we proceeded to take it till we were sharply threatened to 
 be sued for it. The fines for the lower counties I dare not med- 
 dle with as things stand ; the sheriffs in the other two counties 
 are so remiss, that scarce anything can be drove forward ; and 
 the want of the approbation ties the Governor's hands from all 
 acts that seem to carry any severity, and as such may be resented ; 
 for David Lloyd has affirmed that Governor Hamilton is no 
 more than a conservator of the peace, and no governor till ap- 
 proved : in which he seems unhappily to be of the attorney- 
 general's opinion there ; but this discourse was uttered long 
 before the opinion was obtained, which when arrived by J. 
 Sotcher, it struck the Governor with the greatest surprise, and 
 he seemed extremely concerned upon it: since which I have 
 not seen him, for he left us the next day after the ship's arrival. 
 He is generally beloved by the indifferent^ as Andrew Hamil- 
 ton, but as Governor Hamilton opposed by the obstinate party. 
 
 I hope we shall have all parts of the province re-surveyed 
 before the time expires, &c. ; also the best part of New Castle 
 County : but for the other two, I cannot promise, though they 
 shall not be quite neglected. Our discouragement is, that it 
 must be mostly at thy charge, and what overplus is found, they 
 are generally of opinion it is theirs, paying the rent of it. 
 
 ' [James Emott, a lawyer of New York, retired in 1690 to East Jer- 
 sey. For some reference to him, see Index to '^ Documents relating to 
 the Colonial History of New York.'' — Editor.] 
 
 'That is, by the moderate party. — L.
 
 1702.] CORRESPONDENCE. I5I 
 
 Of the improvements of Pennsbury I can give no particular 
 account, never finding time to go thither, but when other urgent 
 business called me that way — only in the latter part of my ill- 
 ness I went to endeavor a recovery, though mostly in vain. 
 John was exceedingly industrious before he went, and afterward 
 Hugh was no ill successor, but he fell sick, and also Charles, 
 who has lately gone off, his time having expired. 
 
 As to characters — that of J. Gr. continues the same still, and 
 has hurt that court. J. Moore needs none, and D. Lloyd seems 
 to have the same heart, and the same face, of whom, with A. M., 
 I have spoke before. Joshua Carpenter is still a resolute ill- 
 wisher, but can do nothing; harmless in the main, but rude 
 to a scandal. Griffith Jones regular; N. W. not unquiet, but 
 unworthy in presenting David Lloyd to be chosen. As for the 
 rest of the church party, they are easily guessed, but A. Paxton 
 and some others, new enemies. 
 
 I have now run over all the heads in thy first, in which have 
 answered several in thy others; the rest I shall now proceed to. 
 
 I wish thou hadst been pleased in some of thy letters by the 
 Experiment to have been more particular about my packets. I 
 took all the pains I possibly could in them, but I know not yet 
 what is judged right, or what amiss. As to Charles Read,^ I 
 gave no expectation in mine, per John, that he would touch with 
 it any more, unless judicially called to it, which we cannot do, 
 it being a thing not relating to the peace, nor the Crown within 
 our cognizance, unless he would do it voluntarily — I mean make 
 oath — which he then positively refused, though much courted, arid 
 some have applied to him again, but can get no other answer. 
 
 Our unhappiness is, that the attestation of a Friend is in very 
 few things serviceable ; nor is there much of these things within 
 their knowledge; 'tis the oath of a churchman must do, if any, 
 of whom some being enemies and others more indifferent, the 
 first cannot be expected, and the latter, from the stories com- 
 monly spread, fully expect a change, and therefore will appear 
 in nothing that may render them obnoxious to the next, which 
 they confidently believe must be of their own party: a remark- 
 able instance of which I lately had, in endeavoring for some 
 
 ^ As one of the appraisers of Lumbey's goods. 
 
 — L.
 
 152 PENN AND LOGAN [17O2. 
 
 depositions, and which is as follows, and mentioned in my for- 
 mer letters. 
 
 Governor Hamilton, upon proclaimmg the war, exhorted the 
 people, publicly met on that occasion, to list themselves under 
 some captain and other officers for their own defence and security, 
 as he should forthwith give commissions to : using all necessary 
 arguments to induce them to it ; and accordingly he soon after 
 granted one to George Lowther, mentioned in some of my for- 
 mer, (with other commissions to his two subalterns, to a lieu- 
 tenant and an ensign,) to be captain of a company in Phila- 
 delphia. 
 
 Upon this the drums beat through the town for such to meet 
 as were that way inclined. The captain, upon promises made 
 him, expecting a large appearance, but when coming to the field 
 he found himself much disappointed ; those that listed being 
 of a meaner sort than those he expected : though from the dis- 
 course he had heard, and endeavors he understood were used, 
 he feared something of the kind. He treated them all, how- 
 ever, very civilly, and encouraged them to meet again, marching 
 them through the town. 
 
 Upon this disappointment, he applied himself again to make 
 an interest — ^for he was very hearty in it — and to have it 
 mended the next time, but found the most ignorant generally 
 persuaded that if they listed they must be forced to march 
 towards Canada; and the others generally backward, giving 
 this when forced to it for their reason : that for them to form 
 themselves into a militia now would be the readiest method to 
 secure the Quakers government, (the want of one being the 
 greatest objection against it,) while they (the Quakers) would 
 not lend a hand to it, but laughed at them for their labor. J. 
 Moore also, and Jasper Yeates took an opportunity one evening 
 to send for the captain himself, and used all possible argument 
 such as the latter I have mentioned, especially to dehort him 
 from the undertaking. He mustered however a second time, 
 which was the last, finding the opposition too great to struggle 
 with ; persons being daily employed, in private, to divert the 
 inclinations of those who had shown a forwardness that way. 
 
 Of this there might considerable advantages have been made
 
 I702.] CORRESPONDENCE. I53 
 
 by the government against those of that party, who had shown 
 themselves basely against it, discouraging it ; but that being in the 
 hands of Friends, whose professions is directly opposite, they 
 were tied up, and could noways appear ; besides that, many were 
 moved at the drums, &c. Immediately after I was taken sick 
 and kept unfit for public business near three months !« all ; but 
 since my recovery I have endeavored to get depositions of the 
 said opposition, but find it so impracticable, that even the cap- 
 tain himself cannot be induced to move in it, though then highly 
 incensed, nor will give any thing under his hand, nor upon oath, I 
 suppose only for the reasons aforesaid. I shall still continue my 
 endeavors to prevail on him, having some interest with him: but 
 cannot appear much, or publicly in it myself; because, considering 
 my station, it would be a reflection on the generosity of gov- 
 ernment I wrote to thee on the 23d 8th-mo., by Milford, 
 
 also on y® 18 ditto, designed by Paxon, but gone otherwise by 
 Maryland ; of what progress made towards the Assembly, to 
 which refer for what passed before that time, since on the i6th 
 ult. all the representatives of the province came to town, and 
 seven from the lower counties ; who all duly elected, but sent 
 not their whole number. The said seven being. Richard Hal- 
 lowell, Jasper Yeates, Evan Jones, Thomas Sharp, T. Foster, 
 John Hill, and Js. Booth ; having come from New Castle, that 
 day they waited on the Governor all together, before taking 
 any refreshment, and told him that in pursuance of his writs, 
 and to show themselves noways refractory in government, they 
 were come to attend him, but conceived notwithstanding that it 
 would be impossible to form an assembly at this juncture, with 
 those of the province, they being chosen by charter, but the 
 others by writ, which would prove inconsistent. The Governor 
 seemed surprised at it, and gave good reasons to the contrary, 
 which they nevertheless could scarce admit; but went, however, 
 at the Governor's desire, to meet the others of the province, 
 that they might all in one body wait on the Governor, when 
 notice was given them that he and the council were ready, which 
 being for some time delayed by reason of consultations held, 
 the lower-county members withdrew to refresh themselves, and 
 being then all sent to, the upper came without them. Next
 
 154 PENN AND LOGAN [1702. 
 
 day was spent in debates whether they could join or not, which 
 proving difficult, they concluded at length, in the evening, on 
 this message to the Governor, which they sent by J. Growdon, 
 David Lloyd, Jasper Yeates, and Robert French, who being 
 chosen for New Castle had also come up that day, but not with 
 the first, to acquaint the Governor that they could by no means 
 see their way clear to proceed to business, as they were then 
 met: yet to show themselves good subjects of the Crown, and 
 friends of the country, &c., if the Governor had anything of 
 great moment to propose, that required their immediate service, 
 they would not suffer it to be neglected, but strain a point rather, 
 and fall on some way to proceed. The Governor upon this 
 delivered them a letter from Lord Cornbury, desiring the £3iSO 
 allotted to be paid by this province might be sent by March 
 next : and then laid before them the naked and defenceless state 
 of the government, which would require an immediate provision. 
 These two subjects could not but be allowed to be of great mo- 
 ment, and therefore much perplexed them all next day ; for, 
 notwithstanding their pretences, they were resolved, in my 
 opinion, to do nothing, as appeared in the evening, when all 
 meeting the Governor, they told him positively that they could 
 not agree by any means to join in legislation; upon which the 
 Governor replied, he must then take it to be their opinion that 
 the heads he had proposed were of no moment ; this they would 
 not allow, but made excuses and such poor shifts as they could 
 upon such a blunder. They were then pressed to declare where 
 the obstruction lay, and it appeared chiefly in the lower mem- 
 bers: after which they were dismissed for that evening — for 
 being as yet no assembly, they could not adjourn. Next morn- 
 ing, questions requiring positive answers under their hands, were 
 sent to them, to know, first, whether the representatives of the 
 province were willing to join with those of the lower counties, 
 on the footing they were now respectively chosen. The second, 
 the same to the lower counties, distinct. The third, what method 
 those that refused would propose to come to legislation. The 
 first was answered by the upper ambiguously, by a trick of 
 David Lloyd's, in whose hand it was wrote, and who seemed
 
 I702.] CORRESPONDENCE. I55 
 
 with his father-in-law^ to be of a party with the lower, hinder- 
 ing all he could the said answer to be explained by the other 
 
 ' David Lloyd, whose name occurs so frequently in the early history 
 of Pennsylvania, was a Welshman by birth, and it is probable came 
 over to this country in 1685, ^^^ ^^ received the commission of attor- 
 ney-general in the beginning of the next year. In 1690 we find him 
 included in Queen Mary's proclamation, with many noblemen and 
 gentlemen, among whom was also William Penn, as supposed conspira- 
 tors at the time King William was in Ireland. D. Lloyd had been a 
 captain in the Republican army, and was strongly attached to those 
 principles, but had joined himself to the religious society of Friends 
 previously to his coming. His opposition to the Proprietor appears to 
 have commenced about the time of William Penn's second return to 
 England, and had its rise in resentment ; it was violent and carried to 
 the most unjustifiable length, as may be fully seen in these letters. As 
 speaker of the assembly, he appears to have completely possessed the 
 art of ingratiating himself with the members, and swaying the decision 
 of the House almost as he pleased, "having," as James Logan ex- 
 presses it, "such a faculty of leading them out of their depth, and 
 causing his accomplices in the House to drown all others with their 
 noise." He seems to have been the constant antagonist of all who 
 were in the respect or confidence of William Penn, and to have con- 
 tinued this opposition during the Proprietor's life, and when afterwards 
 he exerted himself to thwart the ambitious designs of Sir William 
 Keith, it was probably because he was his rival in popular favor. 
 
 Sir William, in expectation of removal from the government, had 
 anticipated for himself the place of speaker of the assembly, and with 
 that view, in the election of 1726 had caused himself to be put up 
 both for Philadelphia County and also for New Castle, that he might 
 have a seat in each house. The province and territories having at 
 that time a separate assembly, "at New Castle he missed it, but was 
 elected for Philadelphia County by the help of his party, who were 
 called r.eithians — a name of reproach in Pennsylvania, where the fol- 
 lowers of George Keith had before been so called. On the day that the 
 assembly met to choose their speaker, Sir William rode into town 
 attended by a cavalcade of eighty horse, under the noise of many guns 
 firing. Yet he was not so much as named for speaker, for David Lloyd, 
 who now expresses a great regard for Col. Gordon, (then governor,) 
 and an equal resentment against Sir William, carried it by every vote 
 but three. He had many partisans in the House, but finding them- 
 selves in a minority, they did not oppose David Lloyd." Some years 
 after this we find him in a kind and friendly disposition of mind, 
 assisting James Logan in ascertaining the proprietary title to the lower 
 counties, and it is soothing to observe the character of men who have, 
 like him, hitherto been swayed by prejudice or passion, that when the 
 evening of life advances, the storms which have agitated them subside, 
 and the soul, like the sun of the natural world emerging from the
 
 156 PENN AND LOGAN [1702. 
 
 ten members of the province, who were unanimous for proceed- 
 ing immediately, as then chosen. 
 
 The lower members returned a positive refusal in their answer 
 to both second and third, a copy of which, because something 
 particular, is enclosed. 
 
 The members of the province, after a dismission of them all 
 till he should see further occasion to call them, put in their re- 
 quest to have their number augmented, in pursuance of the 
 charter, under their hand and seals, from which they could by 
 no means be diverted, but desired they might have nine mem- 
 bers in all, for each of Chester and Bucks, the said charter 
 allowing Philadelphia to choose two from the city when incor- 
 porated, which was received, because it could not be refused, and 
 so all turned to their respective homes without further pro- 
 ceeding. 
 
 I took minutes both by myself and others, as full and exact 
 as possible, which being very long, I cannot easily get reviewed 
 
 clouds which have obscured it, illuminates the horizon with its parting 
 beam, and the day closes in serenity and peace. 
 
 David Lloyd married, after he came to Pennsylvania, Grace Grow- 
 don, the daughter of Joseph Growdon, of Bucks County, a dignified 
 woman, of superior understanding, and great worth of character ; they 
 had but one child, a son, who died at an early age by a most distress- 
 ing occurrence. David Lloyd lived for about twenty years at Chester, 
 where he built himself a handsome house on the banks of the Dela- 
 ware, now owned by Commodore Porter, his first dwelling-house 
 being destroyed by fire ; here he lived in a style of hospitality and com- 
 fort, and his widow continued to inhabit it many years after his decease. 
 Their remains are interred in the burial ground of Friends at Chester, 
 where a small stone designates their graves. At the time of his death 
 he was chief justice of Pennsylvania. 
 
 Such is the contrariety of human character that undivided praise or 
 blame cannot justly be bestowed perhaps on any, nor can his intrigues 
 against William Penn, and his practices to perplex the government, ever 
 find excuse. Proud appears to be afraid to touch upon his character, 
 but says that his political talents seem to have been rather to divide 
 than to unite: a policy that may suit the crafty politician, but must ever 
 be disclaimed by the Christian statesman. 
 
 He was accounted an able lawyer, and though in this capacity he 
 had completely the art "to perplex and dash maturest counsels, and 
 to make the worst appear the better reason," yet he was believed to 
 be an upright judge, and in private life he was acknowledged to be 
 worthy, a good husband, a kind neighbor, and a steady friend. He 
 died in 1731. — L.
 
 I702.] CORRESPONDENCE. 157 
 
 and copied, otherwise should send them ; but I need not, I sup- 
 pose, be in haste to send, this summary, being given if thou in- 
 tend in any short time to visTt us : which, let things go how they 
 will, is much wanted. 
 
 I can say no more in relation to Col. Quary's discourses than 
 is in my affidavit, having rallied my memory for that to my 
 utmost, nor could I have given that itself had I not have been 
 called in once, accidentally, to answer a question : whether I ever 
 knew any affidavits sent by thee to England against him. Your 
 discourses were generally private, and the whole made a great 
 secret, so far that I never knew T. Wenham wrote to till now 
 informed by thy letter, or that J. G. was thy messenger, till since 
 or about the time of thy departure. I would gladly do all in 
 my power, but a deposition is a tender thing. 
 
 I have already spoke of the Lewes pirates bonds, &c., but 
 think it noways advisable or safe that thou should make thyself 
 debtor before it is received, for there are considerable charges 
 to be deducted for bringing them up. It shall be prest, but mat- 
 ters depending on our courts move exceeding slowly ; there are 
 such plots laid and endeavors used to perplex and confuse them, 
 and by any means to prevent their acting : the King's death as the 
 first pretence, and the corporation the next occasion. E. Ship- 
 pen is their mayor again, but J. Moore protests against him as 
 not elected according to the charter, though their chief advo- 
 cate before ; upon the design I have mentioned, and also to dis- 
 mount J. Guest and T. Finney, the first especially, both now so 
 disgusted that they care not to act unless in emergencies, for 
 they appear true to the government, still the latter sincerely, the 
 other thou knows. 
 
 Evans the pirate sold the house and lot mortgages to D 
 Powell, Sr 
 
 We have granted Robert Ashton 300 and odd acres, being 
 the whole of that vacant land, he making affidavit that thou 
 promised it to him, but have bond payable if thou refuse it, and 
 to have up the bond is what he requests. 
 
 Pray inform what must be done about the ^^"50 lent him, iJ'io 
 delivered by me and ;i^40 by J. Farmer by thy order
 
 158 PENN AND LOGAN [1702. 
 
 Lord Cornbury, I perceive, from whom fair words are common, 
 is a courtier, few of them I know are sincere, but he has a good 
 stock of the air of it. D. Campbell died on his journey from 
 home, and Secretary Clarkson with his wife, soon after being 
 almost the first taken in the New York sickness. That place 
 for above five weeks has been exceedingly healthy. 
 
 George Fox in his will, they say, left this meeting his lot in 
 the city for a meeting and school-house, &c., and sixteen acres 
 of land, also in the city, as he thought, for a pasture for Friends' 
 horses, as T. Lowther has wrote to the said meeting, who there- 
 upon have applied to us for it We answered that what lots or 
 liberty land belonged to his purchase of 1250 acres we were 
 ready to grant as conveniently as after so long a tract of time 
 they could be had, but Friends requesting that something else 
 might be granted in compensation, to answer as well as reason- 
 ably could be the end of the grant ; it is referred to thee, and 
 I suppose application will be made for it by some there. 
 
 If thou send any new commissions by thy son, I must request 
 they may be authentic and full, for such as have been formerly, will 
 do no longer, even ours of property being raked into, though 
 allowed to be much the best of any that has been yet issued. 
 A copy of it came by J. S., if I mistake not. I wish, with some 
 of present judgment here, the commissioners could be erected 
 into a court of property, which would much facilitate. 
 
 There are several German purchasers who claim lots in the 
 city, and liberty land not only for their purchases of B. pfurley 
 thy agent, but from thy own promises also, they allege, when at 
 Crevett and other parts of Germany, as I remember, about the 
 year 1687. I entreat thee to think of some way how they may 
 be answered 
 
 My mother's misfortune^ is my affliction, and not my crime ; 
 what most troubles me in it, is my ingenious little brother, who 
 I fear is ruined. 
 
 ' This was an unfortunate second marriage. She afterwards came 
 over to this country, and was affectionately received and provided for 
 by her son : he also procured the education of his brother, who took 
 his degrees at Leyden, and became a celebrated physician at Bris-
 
 1702.] CORRESPONDENCE. 159 
 
 I have now, I think, fully answered not only all thy recited let- 
 ters, but all the parts of them with accounts of what else is neces- 
 sary, my prolixity in which, had it any other subject than thy chief 
 concerns in these parts, would meet no pardon ; but let me 
 intreat thee to consider how great the charge thou hast been 
 pleased to intrust to me is in many particulars, and how much 
 every small matter must take up of my time, which is wholly 
 employed in thy service, without any abstraction of thought, 
 which I could not always say, or the least regard to my own 
 interest hitherto, for which this last year, much for the sake 
 of the government has been an anxious one; but I am now 
 going out to table. 
 
 I know nothing I have failed in, unless thou expected of all 
 an answer to the government to Col. Quary's articles, but I have 
 told my case already ; 'tis my trouble I have not been able to 
 answer it as yet, but no opportunity shall be slipped, that may 
 help their procurement effectual and the forwarding. But the 
 whole weight of the ministerial part of the government must 
 lie wholly on me, while it affords scarce anything to obtain 
 assistance, and no other will put a hand to it, though in con- 
 science I think obliged to it 
 
 Thy friends to whom the tea was sent, with all sense of grati- 
 tude, and in true love, desire to be remembered to thee, among 
 whom be pleased to accept my hearty thanks. Ed. Shippen 
 says he would willingly write, but can find no agreeable subject. 
 
 J. L. 
 
 James Logan to William Tonge. 
 
 Philadelphia, \2th \oth-mo., 1702, 
 Friend Wm. Tonge : — Our meetings are so uncertain, and 
 when we meet our discourses so ineffectual, that I must take to 
 this method to inform thee of my mind. These levies for the 
 Governor's aid have been so unaccountably and scandalously 
 neglected in the collection, that I shall think myself obliged to 
 throw up any account of them to the country, with a remon- 
 
 tol in England, and was a man of considerable learning and attain- 
 ments. — L.
 
 l60 PENN AND LOGAN [1702. 
 
 strance that may put them upon inquiry into the causes of these 
 shameful defects, and animadvert as they shall see occasion, 
 that I may at length be cleared of the whole, and eased of the 
 perplexity. In the first place, however, I must request a full 
 and exact account of all thou hast received, and leave us not for 
 the proof of thy account to go wherever thou hast been, inquire 
 whether they have paid thee ; this will throw no less a reflection 
 on thyself than it will give us trouble, for one of these causes 
 must be alleged and will be the instruction of all that under- 
 standing it, viz., either thou hast kept no accounts or we cannot 
 trust them. I entreat thee, therefore, to be exact in every par- 
 ticular : giving thyself at the same time credit by my receipts, 
 or others to whom thou hast paid by my order. Give also a 
 full account of all the bills thou hast received of what kind 
 soever. This I must request with all possible expedition, for 
 these dilatory methods are not to be tolerated in business. I 
 must produce exact accounts, and except the materials be first 
 produced to me I cannot make them. I shall not add till our 
 meeting, which if thou please shall be at Anderson's, 3d day 
 next, at five; against which time pray let no excuse obstruct 
 thy having those accounts ready. I am thy real friend, 
 
 J. L. 
 
 William Penn to Edward Shippen, Thomas Story, G. Owen, 
 AND James Logan.^ 
 
 London, \oth iith-mo., 1702. 
 Dear Friends: — My sincere love in truth salutes you all. T 
 hope my letters by J. Sotcher are come to hand (with others by 
 way of York and Maryland) since the messenger just arrived 
 tells me he is so : which was glad tidings to me, the present 
 danger upon the seas considered ; for since the favorable influ- 
 ences upon our sea-faring concerns that have attended this nation 
 from the commencement of the war to the return of our fleet 
 from Vigo, (after the battle at Cales,) nothing but spoil and 
 havoc upon our ships have followed. We have lost the best 
 
 ' [This letter is from the Justice MSS. — Editor.]
 
 1702.] CORRESPONDENCE. 161 
 
 part of two hundred sail of merchant ships, and some richly 
 laden from Russia, Barbadoes, Jamaica, and other parts, among 
 whom the Cantico and Mary from your river are two, to my 
 great disappointment and strait, so that I must call upon you to 
 help me all you can with a supply, and in order to do it, that 
 those Friends and inhabitants that subscribed to my assistance 
 will pay in with speed what remains : having at present stemmed 
 the tide they feared and their enemy hoped would have over- 
 whelmed long ere this. I hope by this New York packet boat 
 to send the Queen's approbation of Col. Hamilton for a year, 
 to commence from the arrival of it : which gives me room to 
 work the rest one way or other to our common security and 
 benefit. Your estimate turned into money, and well returned, 
 would comfort my oppressed spirit, and give me wings to fly 
 over the deep, with the Lord's protection, to you again : where 
 I can truly say my heart longs to be ; that which gives this 
 place the preference and excellency above our poor wilderness, 
 being not the least motive to my choice. For your solitude and 
 beginning of the world there, is more simple and retired, and so 
 esteemed by me, than the crowds of opulency and curiosity which 
 fill these parts. My son you had had long ago, but for the report 
 of the sickliness of the province and neighborhood; but now 
 his poor wife is within six weeks of her time, so that the Mes- 
 senger returns without him, unless something stop her till my 
 daughter is up again, and I doubt not his hastening to you, for 
 he seems inclinable to it ; and if he should not I would dispatch 
 myself without delay. In the meantime I shall say somewhat 
 to you about property matters : 
 
 1st. I desire that what land is, or is to be taken up for my son, 
 John, or his grandfather, be so, and patented forthwith. 
 
 2d. That my manors be returned into my secretaries Proprie- 
 tary Office with exact draughts and plans. 
 
 3^. That you hear patiently W. Rakestraw's whole complaints 
 — I have in two letters. I know his temper and would make 
 him allowances for it. I shall send his letters, and what in 
 reason may be done for him, let it be done : only, I will never 
 part with the inheritance of the land he lived in, taken up most 
 
 VOL. I. — 12
 
 l62 PENN AND LOGAN [1702. 
 
 injuriously within the city bounds ; but still be as bearing as you 
 can with hasty and fretful tempers. 
 
 I have also a mighty complaint from New Castle County, 
 made by one Brewster, whose letter I also send that he may be 
 heard and right done, for I will not have a double commission, 
 one there and another here : and therefore shall refer all com- 
 plaints to your examination, and to hear your reasons of act- 
 ing, before I will do anything therein, be it who or what it will. 
 
 For my cousin Ashton, charity begins at home, and though I 
 would oblige him, yet I will never part with four or five hundred 
 acres of land, that is worth half as many thousand, to go but 
 for five hundred acres of his and this family's pretensions. I 
 love him, and desire your love and assistance in it you can, but 
 with regard to me in the first place. If I had paid my debts I 
 should be very liberal, but as the case stands I have been so to 
 a fault. 
 
 Pray let the widow Bathurst, or assignee, have the land laid out 
 according to regulations and customs, which her honest husband 
 bought of me, when any one authorized come to you for it. 
 
 22d of wth-mo., 1702. 
 
 Just now is my packet by the messenger come to hand, but 
 'tis impossible to take any notice of it, because one came to 
 advise me to-day, that the New York packet would be sent to- 
 night to Spithead, by which this is intended to be sent ; but R. 
 James purposes to sail in three weeks at farthest, by whom I 
 hope to be more particular as to government, at least. 
 
 I am glad to learn by J. Logan that the land is like to be re- 
 surveyed within the time. I desire the utmost care therein. I am 
 debtor to Grif. Owen for his letter, and intend him a response by 
 the next opportunity to our own country. The laws lie before 
 the Lords in order to the Queen's approbation. Some will with 
 difficulty pass ; to-morrow I shall have the approbation of Col. 
 Hamilton to go by this opportunity, which is a substantial dis- 
 appointment of your enemies, and the confusion of the greatest 
 of villains, (I think,) Col. Q., whom God will make, I believe, in 
 this world for his lies, falsehood, and supreme knavery. I shall 
 add no more now, but my dear love to you and yours, and all
 
 1702.] CORRESPONDENCE. 163 
 
 my true friends and truth's. May love, and fear, and patience 
 dwell with you to the end. Amen. 
 
 Your very affectionate friend, 
 
 Wm. Penn. 
 No more land for the society to be surveyed than the 40,000 
 acres, unless it be in lieu of that in the Manors, which they or 
 I had not wrife^ to you for them as I have done, a copy of which 
 follows. For I will not allow any to be taken up in any of 
 them, till we jointly send about. W. P. 
 
 WiLLL^M Penn to James Logan. 
 
 London, 20th i2th-?no., 1702. 
 
 There is a mighty complaint of a secret convoy trade, by an 
 understanding with Rhode Island, illustrated by Col. Quary 
 after his usual manner, swelling it to a mighty mountain ; the par- 
 ticulars I have not, but because all must be known to thee and 
 government that has any truth or fact in it, be prepared per 
 next to advertise me. 'Tis like his swish-swash bounces about the 
 commissions I gave T. Fairman and J. Wood, that he thought 
 to shake all by, which after all proves just, and is approved by 
 that very great man of the law they hoped would have reported 
 against me ; why do you not run him for it and humble him ? 
 But I hope you will find a more learned and reasonable judge, 
 in a while in that post. Keep clear of frauds, and punish them 
 to their merit : and all do well ; but as some offences of that 
 nature — though much less than what are committed by other 
 colonies, more immediately under the Queen's government and 
 cognizance — are the strength of our common enemies: so do 
 you watch carefully that such faults be either prevented or 
 effectually punished, and we shall do well enough. 
 
 I have discourst some of our chiefest ministers upon a com- 
 position in which the ratification of our constitution and laws is 
 the first article ; what it will issue in I cannot yet give account. 
 
 I was yesterday to visit .the widow Gwom, who employs Capt. 
 Hans as her factor in the fur trade. She says she sends him 
 ;CiOOO worth of goods at a time, and that he is very just to her,
 
 164 PENN AND LOGAN [1702. 
 
 and confesses he makes good returns, and that she makes more 
 than cent^ sterling per cent, by them ; especially of bear-skins, 
 selling them for above 20 cent sterling per skin. How happy 
 should I be, if the people did but, in lieu of other maintenance, 
 confine the Indian trade to me, which were nothing out of their 
 pockets. Though it were but for seven, or eleven years more 
 would still be better, I should be able by such returns to clear my 
 incumbrances. Pray lay this before the government, and a few 
 of the best to be trusted, if this could be obtained, for tobaccos 
 will not do, since these twenty-fivi. hogsheads will hardly clear 
 so many pounds. 
 
 I must press thee to lay before the commissioners, the preser- 
 vation of my trees and cedar swamp, and black walnut, both 
 of Schuylkill and Delaware : of which great havoc and spoil 
 have been, and I fear is still but too much made. 
 
 Thou hast said nothing about T. Bifeld's jury which Quary 
 said he ordered to be sworn, and Bifeld denied to the Lords of 
 Trade and Plantations to Quary's face. He also said, the name 
 of God was not used in our attestations. An authentic account 
 of that whole proceeding, and J. Moore's most false allegations 
 of his letter of attorney for a sworn jury, and an appeal else for 
 England, with an account of that trial, as also the trials lately 
 about false trade in our civil courts [obliterated] would be of 
 signal service [obliterated] they imagine you will not right the 
 Queen there, or you might put the nose of an Admiralty judge 
 out of joint, [obliterated.] I am forced to break off here, time 
 calling me away, that none can refuse, yet if more fall in will 
 improve this to several particularities. However, take notice : 
 1st. I will have no lands in the manors laid out to the com- 
 pany, for my letter to the commissioners of property for them 
 was on that condition. 
 
 2d. Press to get the assembly to limit the fur trade [obliterated] 
 to my assignees or order, in order to make returns instead of 
 any levy, excise, or tax for my account, if possible. 
 
 3<^. Get some allowance from the inhabitants for Gov. Ham- 
 ilton, now he is approved of bv the Queen, till his year is out, 
 at least for the time he has been and is governor. 
 
 ^ [So in the original. — Editor.]
 
 1702.] CORRESPONDENCE. l6$ 
 
 ^ The Lords of Trade have promised me to receive no com- 
 plaints without the parties sending them give them to the 
 parties they are sent against upon the spot, for their answers, 
 in the nature of bill and answer in chancery : that nobody 
 may be murdered in the dark : a great reformation and re- 
 lief, and for which American governments owe me their good 
 will. 
 
 The money will be forthwith, by the Queen's proclamation, 
 reduced to sterling, or 25ft) per cent, at most, of which make 
 the best use. The lawyers say the Queen can do it here ; there- 
 fore, here will add no more, but that I am taken up with our 
 European family and American Pennsylvania settlements, in 
 which I hope to make something of the latter. I wish John had 
 upon his town lot a small mansion built for looft or 150ft); it 
 would let, and the rest let out profitably, saving a garden platte 
 and fruit-trees. We are through mercy well, send our love to 
 
 ^ These Lords appear to have been held in the same kind of dread 
 by the people of the Colonies that Sancho expressed for the holy 
 Brotherhood. In the memoirs of John Evelyn, Esq., there is a curi- 
 ous account of the first institution of the Board of Trade. They held 
 their first meeting 26th May, 1671, and were to advise and counsel his 
 Majesty to the best of their abilities, for the well governing his foreign 
 plantations, &c. ; the form of their oath little differing from that given 
 to the Privy Council. The subject that first occupied their attention 
 subsequent events have rendered very remarkable. I shall give it in 
 the author's own words : "The first thing we did was to settle the 
 form of a circular letter to the governors of all his Majesty's planta- 
 tions and territories in the West Indies and islands thereof, to give 
 them notice to whom they should apply themselves on all occasions, 
 and to render us an account of their present state and government ; 
 but what we most insisted on was to know the condition of New Eng- 
 land, which appearing to be very independent as to their regard to 
 Old England, or his Majesty ; rich and strong as they now were, there 
 were great debates in what style to write to them : and there was fear 
 of their breaking from all dependence on this nation ; his Majesty 
 therefore commended this affair more expressly. We therefore thought 
 fit in the first place to acquaint ourselves as well as we could, of the 
 state of that place, by some whom we heard of that were newly come 
 from thence ; and to be informed of their present posture and condi- 
 tion ; some of our council were for sending them a menacing letter, 
 which those who better understand the peevish and touchy humor of 
 that colony, were utterly against." There are several similar articles 
 in the work. — L.
 
 l66 PENN AND LOGAN [1702. 
 
 all our friends of all sorts, particularly the best affected: and our 
 own immediate dependants and family. I am thy assured friend, 
 
 Wm. Penn. 
 
 P. S. — I desire thee by the Messenger to send me a pipe, or 
 two hogsheads of the best Madeira wine and one of St. George, 
 for that barrel I had of Ed. Shippen has excelled here. I hope 
 you will have one ' out shortly, that will be a safer guide and 
 surer footing in law than ever yet was with you, an able-grounded 
 lawyer, and a good-tempered, honest, sober gentleman ; this to 
 thyself. 
 
 William Penn to James Logan. 
 
 2^th i2th-mo., 1702. 
 James Logan — Loved Friend: — I have thy packet by the 
 Messenger, that per the Cantico, the Mary being gone for France, 
 to my great disappointment and straights; nor indeed would 
 they have amounted to the value thou mentionest, they only 
 getting or making a saving voyage, that get well upon English 
 goods, that can spare to lose upon returns of tobacco, and yet 
 gain upon the whole : for our tobacco is in poor request, espe- 
 cially now the Czar has broke his word with our merchants ; 
 and for Logwood, Cales, and Vigo have so much sunk the value 
 of it, that the Lady Bellamont has lost £g out of iJ"i5 that it 
 cost her per ton. That by the first ships sold pretty well — log- 
 wood I mean. I observe thy hint about my tobaccos to Ham- 
 burg. I shall pry into it per first opportunity, for that would be 
 very unfair, if not dishonest and fraudulent : but hope it is a 
 mistake. Thou must change thy method of returns ; I am sat- 
 isfied that of flour and bread and beer to Barbadoes, Virginia, 
 Antigo, Nevis, Jamaica, &c., rather than Barbadoes, and S. V. 
 says that way also, would outdo tobacco. In the meantime send 
 me all the silver thou canst get anywhere, or of anything, as 
 plate, &c., rather than leave me destitute ; for such expenses as 
 I am put to — and small presents too — cannot, with my family, 
 be supported without supplies, and speedy ones too. I never 
 
 ' Mompesson. — L.
 
 1702.] CORRESPONDENCE. 167 
 
 was so low and so reduced : for Ireland, my old principal vert, 
 has hardly any money ; England severe to her, no trade but 
 hither, and at England's mercy for prices, saving butter and 
 meat to Flanders and the West Indies, that we must go and eat 
 out half our rents, or we cannot enjoy them ; and I have great 
 interest, as well as my son's settlement, to deduct with three or 
 four per sterling pounds tax here, and twenty to twenty-six per 
 cent, for exchange from Ireland to England to answer. I there- 
 fore earnestly urge supplies, and by the best methods and least 
 hazardous. I know thy ability, doubt not thy integrity ; I desire 
 thy application and health, and above all thy growth in the feel- 
 ing of the power of truth : for that fits and helps us above all 
 other things, even in business of this world, clearing our heads, 
 quickening our spirits, and giving us faith and courage to per- 
 form. I am sorry to find by thine, thou art so much oppressed 
 in thy station, and wish I could make it lighter. If my son 
 (whose delay was from your sickness and New York's,^ aggra- 
 vated here, and just now his wife's being within six weeks of 
 her time) will apply himself to business, he may, by the authority 
 of his relations and a little pains, render thy post easier to thee. 
 I know the baseness of the temper of too many of the people 
 thou hast to do with, which calls for judgment and great tem- 
 per, with some authority ; but I hoped that when gone Ed. 
 Shippen and Thomas Story would have been helpful, and Isaac 
 Norris and Samuel Carpenter^ now and then as volunteers. If 
 
 ' I do not know that there was an epidemic in Philadelphia this year 
 except the small-pox ; that which raged in New York is thus mentioned 
 in a letter from Isaac Norris 8th gth-mo., 1702 : " You have heard I 
 suppose of the sickness in New York ; it was the same as here three 
 years since ; some hundreds died and many left the town for several 
 weeks, so as to those that went and came back, (from Boston,) the place 
 seemed almost desolate." — L. 
 
 ^ Samuel Carpenter is thus mentioned in a letter of his friend, Isaac 
 Norris, dated 1705 : ''This honest and valuable man, whose industry 
 and improvements have been the stock whereon much of the labors 
 and successes of this country have been grafted, is now weary of it all, 
 and resolved (I think prudently) to wind up and clear his incum- 
 brances ; he has sold some good pennyworths, as his dwelling-house 
 by David Lloyd's and the Coffee House, likewise the scales (the house 
 south-east corner of Walnut and Front Streets) ; is out of trade ; lives 
 at his plantation, and intends to sell off more." His plantation was
 
 l68 PENN AND LOGAN [1702. 
 
 T. Fairman were of credit with the people, he might help thee : 
 he has capacity, but not what he thinks. I must refer the man- 
 agement of him to thee. He most basely injured me when 
 here by his suggestions to the purchasers as he confessed at 
 parting, though he denied it on board the Canterbury, and in 
 righteousness owes me reparation, which he has promised me, 
 and I have no scruple of conscience that it be made me at their 
 cost, that made him their tool for my abuse and hardship. I 
 send a letter at the company's request, about their land, and 
 except half of Gilbert's, I think they will submit for the rest — 
 and that is under consideration too. T. F.'s brother's wife is a 
 little sharp upon him to me, and waits for an afternoon at her 
 house upon that subject. I am sorry all his papers will be inef- 
 fectual, for they are gone to France, for though a correspondence 
 is not yet closed, I hear nothing of my packet; the commander 
 is at Dinant, has writ for jCs to me ; it came three days ago to 
 hand, but have yet made him no answer : I think I must fling 
 good after bad. No Cartel settled yet. The newspapers I think 
 to send, and some poems and pamphlets, will acquaint thee with 
 the state of things both at home and abroad, so shall not load 
 my letter with news. Only Lord Cornbury at council had the 
 better of Atwood,^ who has printed his case and left one at my 
 lodgings ; and that there will be no bill this year against us ; 
 and I may add that the next year in Europe is like to be the 
 greatest that has been these hundred years for action. 
 
 near, or at Bristol, on the Delaware, where he had made great im- 
 provements, as a grist-mill, saw-mills, &c., of which I have a letter 
 giving a particular account. He has numerous descendants of his 
 name settled near Salem, in West Jersey. His son married one of the 
 daughters of Samuel Preston, who was a woman of fine understanding 
 and great piety. — L. 
 
 ' [William Atwood succeeded Abram de Peyster as Chief Justice of 
 New York, and arrived about August, 1701. Lord Cornbury after- 
 wards suspended him from his offices of chief justice, inspector of the 
 vice-admiralty, and member of the council. His suspension as a coun- 
 cillor was, by an order of the Queen in council, 2d January, 1702-3, 
 changed into a removal. Atwood's "answer to Lord Cornbury's 
 reasons " for suspending him are printed at length, and reflect severely 
 upon his lordship. This is probably the publication of the "case" 
 to which Penn refers. — IF. Docutnents relating to the Col. Hist, of N.Y., 
 885, 1022, 1024. — Editor.]
 
 1702.] CORRESPONDENCE. 169 
 
 I am sorry the foolish captain of the Cantico did not sink my 
 packet as other ships formerly did that have been taken. 
 
 Pray mind to let me know by all opportunities Quary's con- 
 duct and carriage (and Moore's) among you ; for the latter I 
 shall turn him out of all with my commission, for a saucy un- 
 grateful fellow : and shall write to Governor Hamilton about it, 
 and if he refuse to surrender the records of his office of registry, 
 that forthwith the Governor order the proper officers to seize 
 and remove them by force ; for I will henceforth make open 
 head against those inveterate villains to me and my poor coun- 
 try. I hope to furnish you with a man of sense and law in 
 a while, and so let the commissioners and the Governor know. 
 Pray let Rakestraw, Brewster, &c., have thy care to answer. 
 Keep off appeals all thou canst, or particulars from vexing me 
 here, and things will do well. I will refer all back to you again 
 whoever complains, but if they apply to the Queen it may be 
 much more troublesome, as the old Spaniard, of whom I have 
 nothing from thee, as to my conduct and the trouble tO' issue this 
 matter, and wish for the minutes and history of it well attested 
 with what speed may be, and where I left it and the business 
 pitch'd and pinch't. 
 
 I could wish the officers of the city of Philadelphia would be 
 more careful not to strive nor strain points to make their char- 
 ter more than it truly means, and so a burden to the county and 
 the government; for if they take that course, I shall inquire 
 into it, and put a period thereunto, as lawyers tell me here I 
 may very easily do, and the government here would countenance 
 the attempt. I, therefore, desire an accommodation may be 
 found out to ease the controversy between town and county. 
 
 Wm. Hall, of Salem, writes to me for ampler power about 
 my concerns there, which you have and can give him, of which 
 I wrote to thee some time ago : pray mind it. 
 
 I have had two nameless letters from your parts, or Boston ; 
 the last was from Philadelphia, intimating a quarrel between 
 Col. Quary's wife and Thomas Jones, master of the Society's 
 ship, and that he is both able and willing, if secured his wages, 
 viz. £yo or thereabouts ; that he is gone to Boston and there 
 might be treated with. I would have thee write, and get his
 
 170 PENN AND LOGAN [1702. 
 
 relations of that place to write, to Daniel Zachary to inquire 
 after him, and secure him his wages on my account, to get the 
 truth out of him. If Quary's knavery to the company were known, 
 'twould blacken him here in his surveyorship, and render it 
 easier for me to get him discarded; for if I live I will, and shall 
 be able to do it. 
 
 This year the customs upon goods from Pennsylvania amount 
 to ;^8,ooo, the year I arrived there ;^ 1,699, t>ut to ;^ 1,500 at the 
 most ; a good argument for me and the poor country. It has 
 a greater regard here, and made the care of an officer, as well 
 as Virginia and Maryland, at the custom-house ; New York not 
 the half of it. 
 
 But, O that we had a fur-trade instead of a tobacco one, and 
 that thou wouldst do all that is possible to master furs and 
 slcins for me, but bears more especially ; thou sent me two or 
 three chest of them : I could have sold them almost for what I 
 would, i6sh., aye 20sh. a skin at this juncture; and thou prom- 
 ised me two if not three chests in thy last packet. I earnestly 
 press thee upon this one point, as thou desirest to assist me in 
 the readiest and surest way. I hope thou mindest my land, 
 especially where the wood carrier and seller by Ed. Shippen's 
 used to cut down my wood, to stop his further mischief, and 
 that my purchase of W. Southby goes not to decay, for my eye, 
 though not my heart is upon poor Fairmount,^ unless the un- 
 worthiness of some spirits in the town drive me up to Penns- 
 bury or Susquehannah for good and all. God will in his time 
 rebuke their baseness. Also the 50,000 acres of land that 
 belonged to Sir John, now to Sir Robert Ffagg,^ that it be taken 
 up as I ordered when there, and if that taken up by T. F. in 
 Chester County and New Castle will answer it, pray let it ; else 
 I am content that the one half at least be taken up at this new 
 discovery of T. Fairman's, if his swan do not prove a goose, 
 [obliterated.] That business depending between W. Biddle and 
 
 ' See the old map of Holme. It was in the manor of Springetsburg, 
 in the Northern Liberties. I take it to be the place now called Lemon 
 Hill, the seat of Henry Pratt, Esq. — L. 
 
 " [In Chester County, Pennsylvania, and still known as Fagg's 
 manor. — Editor.]
 
 1702.] CORRESPONDENCE. I71 
 
 me should come to some issue while I am here ; and I wish 
 Samuel Jenning's memory is not decayed, and that Gov. Ham- 
 ilton does not lean too much that way ; but my Cousin Mark- 
 ham can't forget the agreement that they, son and daughter, 
 should have their lives in half of it, and then to revert to me ; 
 and that their half should be from end to end on their side the 
 river, and that next Pennsbury to belong to me ; try a fair issue 
 on that side the water, and if can end it there, do : else I can 
 best issue it while here myself, and I lay great weight upon it ; 
 note that Friends on your side forbade them buying it; 'twas out 
 of rule attempted by her with our Indians, to treat with them 
 for what we claimed, without leave. She was forbade by Coh 
 Markham, then my deputy governor, so that she arbitrarily and 
 clandestinely or surreptitiously — she, Sarah Biddle — obtained 
 possession. That in James Harrison's^ time, stock was put on 
 
 it : pray mind it. I hope my son will contribute to it 
 
 [obliterated.] .... (The rest of the letter is wanting.) 
 
 William Penn to James Logan. 
 
 1702. 
 
 [Extracts from a decayed letter which appears to belong to this period. '\ 
 Speaking of his son who was then preparing to embark for 
 Pennsylvania, he says : Immediately take him away to Penns- 
 bury, and there give him the true state of things, and weigh 
 down his levities, as well as temper his resentments, and inform 
 his understanding,^ since all depends upon it, as well for his 
 future happiness, as in measure your poor country's. I propose 
 
 ' Father-in-law to Phineas Pemberton : they were settled near the 
 Falls of Delaware, upon the first arrival of Wm. Penn. — L. 
 
 ''William Penn, Jr., is thus characterized in a letter of Samuel Pres- 
 ton's to his friend, Jonathan Dickinson, in Jamaica : " Our young land- 
 lord, to say true, in my judgment, discovers himself his father's eldest son ; 
 his person, his sweetness of temper, and elegance of speech, are no small 
 demonstrations thereof. But I wish him more of his zeal, and so leave 
 the subject." Possibly the father's absence in Pennsylvania had caused 
 the young gentleman's education to have been less guarded than it 
 otherwise would have been. — L.
 
 1/2 PENN AND LOGAN [1702-3. 
 
 Governor Hamilton, S. Carpenter, I. Norris, Young Shippen, 
 and your easiest and most sensible and civilized, for his conver- 
 sation ; and I hope Col. Markham, and Cousin Ashton, and the 
 Fairmans may come in for a share ; but the first chiefly. 
 Watch him, out-wit him, and honestly overreach him, for his 
 good; fishing, little journeys, (as to see the Indians,) &c., will 
 divert him ; and pray Friends to bear all they can, and melt 
 towards him, at least civilly if not religiously. He will confide 
 in thee. If S. Carpenter, R. Hill, and Is. Norris could gain his 
 confidence, and honest and tender G. Owen, not the least likely, 
 (for he feels and sees,) I should rejoice. Pennsylvania has cost 
 me dearer in my poor child than all other considerations. The 
 Lord pity and save in his great love, I yet hope. I have writ 
 to Governor Hamilton, which deliver, and inclosed the Queen's 
 approbation, which if not upon the spot open and read, and send 
 an express for him that he may feel life in his duty. I would 
 also have Col. Markham have the registry and probate of wills, 
 but let the records lie as they do, that you may see I dare reward 
 that base man^ according to his villany, and I will not have 
 thee pay him one penny more, let what will be due, as attorney- 
 general, which will be in the hands of another shortly, from 
 hence, and in the meantime, if Moore flings up, constitute who 
 you will. (I mean the Governor's council.) Give Judge Guest's 
 letter as he deserves, 'tis kind and encouraging, for I hope you 
 will in a while see cause more and more; one thing at a time, 
 the carrier's pace is safest. 
 
 James Logan to William Penn. 
 l^Extract.'] Philadelphia, ^d ist-mo., 1702-3. 
 
 [The first part of this letter, Mrs. Logan remarks, relates to 
 Lumbey's papers, the answers to Quary's charges, minutes of 
 council, &c. He then proceeds:] 
 
 We believe here that the business of the Lords for Trade, &c., 
 especially relating to those charges, is long ago over. Thou 
 
 ' David Lloyd. — L.
 
 1702-3.] CORRESPONDENCE. 173 
 
 having removed the whole to another board, and that no answer 
 from hence would be so effectual as thy personal appearance 
 and defence there, and, therefore, that the cause will not suffer 
 by this omission. However, I was resolved to pursue it, and 
 faithfully discharge my part: in which I hope I shall be believed. 
 An address to the Queen was thought would come too late, 
 and be attended also with several inconveniences, as well as 
 others. The motion was mine, as I wrote before, and the Gov- 
 ernor much favored it, but we have not all the happiness to 
 concur in what might make for our advantage. I mention not 
 this, nor the preceding, through any self-complacency, but to 
 acquit myself 
 
 Governor Hamilton left us last, about the 20th of y" iith- 
 month, and has since been seized — at Amboy, where his family 
 has wintered — with a violent fever, which has held hjm some 
 weeks, and for some days his life was despaired of, but by the 
 last post, his son writes that Dr. Johnson assures them the worst 
 is over, though he cannot perceive it by any recovery of strength. 
 
 In Sussex and Kent they have had a mortal distemper: more 
 fatal, 'tis affirmed, than that of York last year, or of Philadelphia 
 in 1699 ; it reigned most of the winter, but is now happily over. 
 The small-pox has been favorable in all these parts : only in 
 Bucks, where it has continued all winter, it has been more 
 severe ; the three Yardleys are all dead of it, with several 
 others: but it is mostly going off We have been clear of it these 
 six months, and since the agues and fevers, which were epidemi- 
 cal, left us, we have been, and through mercy continue healthy. 
 
 I am this month forming an exact rent-roll for the city, which 
 I hope in time will be complete and regular for every lot in the 
 precinct. I measure every foot of it with my own hands, as I 
 go along, and shall proceed to the province as regularly, if pos- 
 sible ; but the scarcity of money and the waywardness of some 
 people make things difficult; it cannot, however, be completed 
 till all the re-surveys are settled, which is a work of inconceiv- 
 able trouble and difficulty. 
 
 I hope in the province and county of New Castle nothing will 
 slip us. The whole burden of that now lies on me, there being 
 no surveyor-general. Bucks is in good forwardness, and hope
 
 174 PEXN AND LOGAN [1702-3. 
 
 will be finished this summer; in this county we have two, be- 
 tween Chester and New Castle three surveyors, but doubt I must 
 add another; but for the two lower counties I can promise 
 nothing: neither surveyors nor chain-carriers will go thither. 
 I have done all I can with one present surveyor there : but he 
 is slack and cannot have chain-carriers. The business is 
 everywhere troublesome, through the refractory humor of the 
 people in refusing to assist, or show their lines, but there the 
 most of any. The most suspicious tracts, however, I hope will 
 be tried : but the greatest part will be, I doubt, neglected. 
 
 Philadelphia, of the province, is the most troublesome. T. 
 Fairman has been ill or weak all the fall and winter, but is now 
 coming abroad again : he meddles not with re-surveys. 
 
 Col. Quary carries it now, as formerly, with less distinction 
 than at his arrival ; he endeavors to make himself popular, and 
 Col. Nicholson bolsters up his vanity by sending him expresses 
 upon all occasions, which, with no small elevation, he vouch- 
 safes to communicate to the expecting crowd at the Coffee House, 
 or elsewhere, as it may best serve to aggrandize him. From 
 him we had the more certain news of the action at Vigo,^ with 
 a list of the French ships destroyed there, which was received 
 \<^ith a bonfire, &c., but since have had the mortification to hear 
 by way of Portugal and Boston that most of the plate was ui^- 
 loaded out of the gallions, and carried away before our fleea 
 entered that bay. 
 
 The Colonel embraces all opportunities of ingratiating him- 
 .self with our friends as well as others, but will not find his 
 account by it. Some few times I accidentally fell into young 
 Dr. Cox's company, who carries himself here as a most singu- 
 larly good-natured gentleman, and is of a polite education ; 
 upon his invitation I was lately drinking a glass with him at the 
 White Hart, on a yth-day evening, of which. Col. Quary hear- 
 ing by J. Moore, who saw us there, came and joined himself to 
 
 ' [In Galicia, Spain, surprised by the English and Dutch fleets, Oc- 
 tober 12, 1702, in which the Spanish flota was captured, and with it a 
 considerable amount of specie. The Duke of Ormond distinguished 
 himself, and the success of the assailants silenced, says Belsham, " the 
 clamors occasioned by the previous miscarriage at Cadiz." — Editor.]
 
 1702-3.] CORRESPONDENCE. 175 
 
 us, and after him, Moore also, without invitation. Quary was 
 familiar and pleasant, with much smoothness: but I gave him 
 as many close rubs as I could have opportunity, without rudeness, 
 which makes him look rather more asquint than before. Thomas 
 Story and myself, by the advice of some others, about two 
 months ago waited on him, at his house, to consult about the 
 trial of a captain of a vessel, who is impeached for murdering 
 some of his men at sea, for which no law of ours provides; and 
 therefore it was thought proper that he should be tried by 28 
 Henry VIII., appointing a commission to be issued under the 
 broad seal directed to the admiral or judge, with other persons, 
 to be nominated — as I remember — by the chancellor: on this 
 statute, he told us, he concurred with us, as he must be tried : 
 and would be very ready to serve the Queen and country in that, 
 or any other thing where he was empowered, but at the same 
 time must have that regard for himself as to act safely. If we 
 would is.sue a commission of sufficient authority that would in- 
 demnify him, he would act readily, thinking it his duty : but 
 while Col. Hamilton was not yet approved of, he conceived he 
 could not be the man, and therefore must be excused. On this 
 a council was called, but no method could be concluded on- 
 some were of opinion he should be tried by the late Act and 
 commission for trying of pirates ; but either way we were found 
 impotent, for on the one hand the judge of the Admiralty would 
 not act, the governor not being approved, and on the other we 
 have not an original commission to publish in the court, as that 
 Act requires, only a copy from Maryland, which is not sufficient, 
 there being no exemplification sent hither under the great seal 
 from England, which is requisite, and which for the safety and 
 ease of this government should by all means be procured. I 
 send the minute of that day, and request thy answer to it ; being 
 of great importance, for a considerable voyage, I doubt, is 
 wholly ruined by it. 
 
 There being several criminals in our prison here, some for 
 murder, &c.. Judge Guest, last provincial court, avoided bring- 
 ing them to a trial, being unwilling to venture on such capital 
 offences, without real jurors, and therefore proposed a special 
 commission of Oyer and Terminer and general gaol delivery
 
 \j6 PENN AND LOGAN [l702--3. 
 
 to try them, all by swearers, according to the law of England, 
 which at length, after several objections and hesitations, was 
 issued and accepted, for though he proposed he stood long off 
 again, but care was taken by some here to prevent their acting. 
 I send a copy of the record, a minute of council relating to it, 
 and a letter of George Lowther, whom I have mentioned before, 
 giving a more particular account of the whole, he being chiefly 
 concerned for most of the prisoners. 'T was wrote to Gov. Ham- 
 ilton, then very sick, but unknown to us, by a relation of R. 
 French, recommending him to the governor as a fit person to 
 succeed J. Wood, who is about to leave New Castle. He, Low- 
 ther, has lately been in the lower counties, where he is in favor, 
 and has been instrumental in making them more regular. Sus- 
 sex and Kent, especially the first, are as orderly as ever in their 
 courts ; New Castle not so well. There, most of the old jus- 
 tices are turned out of necessity, and the new ones, such as Jas. 
 Coults, Rowlof de' Haes, Isaac Goodin, George Hogg, Charles 
 Springer, are but raw. Robert French and Cantwell will not 
 act, though the first is not ill-affected ; the chief thing that dis- 
 turbs those people in all the three counties, is our refusing to grant 
 lands at the old rent, which chiefly induces them to wish them- 
 selves under the crown; our governor is rather more esteemed 
 by the generality there, and J question whether any other would 
 have been so easily owned. 
 
 This week I have been at Bucks court, the fourth time, to 
 attend Thomas Revel's suit against Joseph Growdon, on behalf 
 of J. Tatham, for that overplus land thou sold him, but we can- 
 not bring it to a trial. Sometimes the court has on a sudden 
 been adjourned to prevent it, and sometimes other difficulties 
 raised ; but now David Lloyd's tender conscience will not suffer 
 him to plead in it, because, he must of necessity, if he do, own 
 a fiction in the declaration, it being by ejectment, which pre- 
 vails with that court, and therefore we must take some other 
 frivolous method, as trespass, &c.' But David's conscience was 
 tough enough last Philadelphia court to plead " non est factum 
 tcstatoris" against James Claypoole's bond, which I put in suit, 
 and has now hung there for five courts past, and will be quashed, I 
 
 ' See page 222.
 
 1702-3] CORRESPONDENCE. I77 
 
 doubt, at last, for want of the ''factum;'' we sued at Francis 
 Cook's own request, but David Lloyd soon taught him better 
 things : both his and our intention was, at first, only that he 
 should be indemnified, being but an administrator; but now the 
 point is turned against us. 
 
 In the last monthly meeting but one of this place, a scandal- 
 ous libel was brought against the commissioners, presented by 
 Robert Heath, near Frankford, and introduced by some Friends, 
 first appointed according to method to inspect it : calling us 
 pretended Quakers, and inveighed sharply against Griffith Owen, 
 who was not then there ; the subject of the complaint was, that 
 he could not have the lots due to him in right of Thomas Wool- 
 rich's purchase of '^, and for things of that kind, threats of 
 being sued, or compelled to a compliance, are grown familiar to 
 us, so that we use the utmost caution to act nothing but what is 
 strictly according to law; but many are exceeding trouble- 
 some, and I must say that their importunity for what they think 
 their right, especially liberty land, or lots where there is none, 
 or scarce any to be had, front lots especially, and the remem- 
 brance of the blame our predecessors have bore for their com- 
 pliance in such cases, are as two stones that grind and crush us 
 beyond patience or enduring ; 'tis exceeding hard to be exposed, 
 as of necessity we must often be, beyond the possibility of pleas- 
 ing, perhaps on either side ; but if on thine we are unsuccessful, 
 I am sure we are unhappy. 
 
 In Heath's case, the paper was rejected by the meeting, and 
 Griffith Owen required satisfaction for the abuses put upon us, 
 but principally on himself, which in some measure he had from 
 those that introduced the complainant : but his chief advantage 
 was rather that Heath had been scurrilous in some papers he 
 had given in to us before. However, we can find no such lots 
 for him as he wants, nor for several others, and I doubt no lib- 
 erty land for H. Child and Abdiah Taylor. After much clamor by 
 Daniel Falkner and his brother we have granted B. Furley fifty 
 acres in the liberties, in right of his purchase of 5,000, but he 
 will apply we believe for the rest and the lots, which as yet we 
 cannot grant him. I wish thou hadst been pleased to mention 
 something of the Octoraroe settlement ; they are proceeding to 
 
 VOL. I. — 13
 
 178 PENN AND LOGAN [1702-3. 
 
 settle there ; we are securing there a tract of considerable 
 extent for thee, &c. 
 
 Thomas Story has applied to the rest of us for about a thou- 
 sand acres of land which thou wast pleased to grant him by a 
 patent under the lesser seal in 1700, situate above Highlands/ 
 but all that land is granted away to others long ago, there hav- 
 ing been no survey made there, and no surveyor privy to it. 
 We have referred it to thee, and request thy answer, as also 
 about the other minutes sent by J. Sotcher. He also insists on 
 a grant of the lO.OOO acres to Jos. Pike, with a reservation of but 
 one-fifth of royal mines fore-prized by the King in his charter, 
 thou having granted all royalties away, he says, in the deed 
 signed by thee jointly with Vincent, to the said Pike, for that 
 tract, which also much wants thy answer, for Thomas and I 
 have been high upon it. He first drew the rough draft of the 
 grant, after which T. Grey copying, reserved but one-fifth in 
 the engrossment, which I afterwards ordered to be altered in 
 pursuance of thy orders to me, for I spoke to thee both in 
 Thomas's hearing, and by thyself about it : whether T. Grey 
 altered it before thou signed it, or after, I am wholly ignorant : 
 but it was done, and I have been more hardly treated about it, 
 than I think is fit to mention here. 
 
 The chief of the lands we have sold are in New Castle Countv 
 and some part of Rockland thrown into Chester County by the 
 late line. The prices, I believe, are not amiss, but the pay will 
 not answer through the scarcity of money, which obliges one to 
 throw up again. Wheat at 4 and 4 and 6d., and can scarce find 
 buyers. 
 
 [Then follow long details respecting trade and returns, and he 
 adds :] I am involved in difficulties which cannot so well be 
 judged of at a distance, and thy interest is a charge, more im- 
 mediately an incumbent charge on me than any other, which 
 still forces me to renew my wishes for thy presence again, for 
 it would in many cases greatly befriend thee, nor can I be afraid 
 of my master's eye. 1 know 'tis impossible now to give .satis- 
 
 ' The manor of Highlands was in Bucks County, considerably above 
 Pennsbury on the Delaware; Vincent's tract was on the Schuylkill. — L.
 
 1702-3.] CORRESPONDENCE. 1/9 
 
 faction, but a personal witness would excuse tne failures because 
 of their necessity. 
 
 I design next month for Conostogoe, God willing, to treat 
 with the Indians there, and confirm them; for we have many 
 flying reports about the attempts of the French to debauch all ; 
 and Harry has never here since he went to the Onondagoes last 
 year, though he solemnly promised to return this way. 
 
 G. Keith,^ on the 5th instant, had a public dispute with him- 
 self, according to his way, in Whitpain's great house : he de- 
 claimed a very little time, I think not an hour, and to less pur- 
 pose ; his business was to expose, &c., but his chief success that 
 way was, 'tis thought, upon himself He sent his challenges, as 
 thou wilt find by a copy of one of them inclosed, to the persons 
 mentioned to each one, but forgot as he said afterwards to sign 
 them, till about ii of the clock that day he was to appear he 
 sent the original to be shown to them, under his hand, but being 
 brought to Thomas Story he prevented its further journey. 
 None appeared but Wm. Southby to answer a calumny, as I am 
 informed, raised against him, and soon withdrew. Those called 
 Keithians here, as John Hart, I. Wilson, Jno. McComb, &c., are 
 his great opponents, and in short in this place his execution has 
 been exceeding small. 
 
 * George Keith had been a minister in the Society of Friends, but 
 upon some affront left, and afterwards vilified them all in his power : 
 owing to parties of the times, he was too much encouraged at first, by 
 some others ; but afterwards became insignificant, and died dissatisfied 
 with himself for the part he had acted. — L. 
 
 Note. — There is a passage in Bishop Burnet's History of his own Times, published 
 anno 1700, respecting George Kcitli and liis accusation of the Society of Quakers, 
 which strongly savors of the bishop's prejudices against them and their distinguished 
 meml^er, Wm. Penn. He says that George Keith received his education at Aber- 
 deen, at the same time that he himself was a student there, and that he was a master 
 of languages, especially the Oriental ones, philosophy and mathem.atics ; and that 
 after thirty years' membership with the Quakers, he was sent by the Society to Penn- 
 sylvania, (a colony set up by Penn, where they, the Quakers, are very numerous,) to 
 have the chief direction of the education of their youth. Here he wrote a defence 
 of them against the allegations of Cotton Mather, which was observed afterwards to 
 be as good an answer to his own subsequent publications as could be desired. Soon 
 after this meeting in Philadelphia mentioned in the above letter, he went to Eng- 
 land, where still appearing as a Quaker, he endeavored to injure them all in his 
 power, till sinking into insignificance, he reconciled himself to the Church and took 
 holy orders; but, I believe, did not effect much of the good which the bishop 
 anticipated " in undeceiving and reclaiming some of those, he calls, misled en- 
 thusiasts." — L.
 
 l8o PENN AND LOGAN [1702-3. 
 
 1 received an answer from Daniel Zachary with the inclo^etl 
 certificate, under the prize officer's hand. He is now, 'tis thought, 
 on his journey hither with his wife, in order to be laid in here 
 of her second child, from whence, perhaps, it may be difficult to 
 draw her away : a no small unhappiness, should it prove so, to 
 the interest of Friends in that colony. I have laid at Isaac 
 Norris's these three weeks past, who with his wife- gives thee 
 their tender love, and heartiest respects, with all thine, as also H. 
 Hill, her husband, &c. Samuel Carpenter is upon a great pro- 
 ject in Bucks, of building saw-mills, and making all other con- 
 veniences for shipping, which by their freight, 'tis hoped, will 
 be the best returns, if sent abroad to Maryland to be loaded. 
 They are talking of a ship to cany 7 or 800 hogsheads of 
 tobacco, which at ^12 or ;^I4 per ton will make between two 
 and three thousand pounds freight home, if loaded from Chesa- 
 peake, and may afterwards be worth ;^8oo or i^ 1,000 there, and 
 need not cost here above ;^3,000, if built at the best hand, with 
 materials from England, as cables, rigging, &c. If it go on I 
 shall advise further. 
 
 I mention not Mr. William here because we expect to see him 
 before this comes to hand. Many have been very apprehensive 
 of a sickly summer because of the openness and warmth of the 
 winter, and the small-pox hovering around us all the season, 
 which is often observed to leave an infection ; but this town was 
 happily cleared of it before the fall came, and the sharpness of 
 this month with us, and many north-westers of late, 'tis hoped 
 will have better effects. In Staten Island and some other places 
 about New York, there is a great mortality, but the city healthy. 
 
 I send a copy of thy commission to P. Parmiter, to show he 
 was not made directly attorney for the crown. The first part 
 of the minutes of council I have digested better in my own 
 hand. There is coming about ten ton of logwood more by 
 Puckle and the Experiment; they sail in about six weeks, also 
 some tobacco, &c. J. Sotcher's wife has a fine girl, named Han- 
 nah, six weeks old. With all due respects and service to thyself 
 and family, I am thy most faithful J. L. 
 
 The commissioners will write jointly, I suppose, per next op- 
 portunity. — L.
 
 1703] CORRESPONDENCE. 18I 
 
 1703. 
 
 William Penn to James Logan. 
 
 London, ist id-mo., 1703. 
 
 I have writ at large six sheets if not seven, and sent by R. 
 Mompesson, Esq., to which refer thee. I here inclose Randall 
 Janney's bond for two of his best servants : one a carpenter, the 
 other an husbandman, that the out-houses in part may be per- 
 fected within, and a moderate stable built for eight or ten horses, 
 and a shelter for cattle or sheep near the barn,^ as formerly, to 
 which I refer to J. Sotcher. Yaff is also gone, in the room of 
 one that can't go for weakness, and I have resolved after four 
 years faithful service he shall be free. Yet I have left it to him 
 to return, if he may, passage free (which he will more than 
 deserve in any ship) in the Messenger. Nay, I leave it for 
 him to return from Deal if he will. Thou art to allow R. Jan- 
 ney nothing for him, that goes into the ^20 for the other two; 
 also, he wants three of his complement, and must have paid as 
 much had he not gone ; besides, I have otherwise been kind to 
 him. Yaff is an able planter and good husbandman, and prom- 
 ises fair, and Samuel has but one year more to serve, I think, 
 by my note, if he has served well. I hope Randall carries a 
 hat for Edward Shippen of a mayoral size : I ordered one for 
 him 
 
 See if the town would be so kind to build me a pretty box 
 like Ed. Shippen's, upon any of my lots in town or liberty land, 
 or purchase Griffith Owen's, or T. Fairman's,^ or any near healthy 
 spot, as Wicaco or the like, for Pennsbury will hardly accommo- 
 date my son's family and mine, unless enlarged. Let what is 
 there be kept up, but only substantial improvements to be how 
 followed. I should like fruit at the distance of forty or fifty 
 
 ^ At Pennsbury. — L. 
 
 "I do not know where Edward Shippen's or G. Owen's houses were, 
 but that of T. Fairman was called the halfway house, between Phila- 
 delphia and Frankford, and was a handsome improvement for that 
 time. — L. 
 
 [Ed. Shippen's house was a little south of Cedar Street, near Broad 
 Street. Fairman's, or the halfway house, is now the property of the 
 I hildren of Gen. McPherson by his first wife. It was called in the old 
 draft, Poor Island. — Note by J. P. Norris.~\
 
 1 82 PEN'N AND LOGAN [1703. 
 
 feet in fields, as also peach-trees ; yet shall neither hurt corn 
 nor grass. 
 
 Now is the time to make earnings in the islands; wherefore 
 fail not to use the opportunity, and let me see some chests of 
 furs per Messenger. If thou canst, send me per her a copy of 
 the laws to lie by me. Churchill calls on me for his money ; 
 pray write and return what is sold, and what I must say to him. 
 I send 2 or 300 books against George Keith, by R. Jenney, 
 which may be disposed of as there is occasion and service ; if I 
 have more time 1 shall wrfte again : so take my leave for this 
 time ; Randall going in an hour, and this has three or four miles 
 to go to him. Thy loving friend, Wm. Penn. 
 
 P. S. — My dear love to all friends, and salutes to all that de- 
 serve it. Take care of my mills. Remember me to my family, 
 and let them be kind to poor Lucy and Dutch. 
 
 William Penn to James Logan. 
 
 London, t,^ 2d-mo., 1703. 
 My last was three days ago, and last post to Deal ; this covers 
 T. Fairman's, and is to tell thee that his brother^ Robert's letter 
 and letter of attorney are not for thee to deliver, but to know 
 the state of things between the brothers, and to take fitting sea- 
 sons to put him in mind of his obligations to Robert ; and I 
 know it will be a rod in thy hand to govern him. I have said 
 all I can say truly in his favor, and I verily think his brother 
 would leave the most of what he has among his children. He 
 is a loving and kind-hearted man, and his wife as discreet and 
 
 ' There were three brothers of this family, Robert, Francis, and 
 Thomas ; the old map describes them as possessed of considerable 
 property in lands. I believe none of their descendants of the same 
 name remain. I can find no account of Robert's ever coming over to 
 this country ; there are several of his letters extant, by which it ap- 
 pears that the halfway house and plantation belonged to Robert, 
 though Thomas had usurped the ownership, which his brother observes 
 was not Fairman-like. Thomas appears to have had but an indifferent 
 character, and was, I believe, at this time, surveyor-general. — L.
 
 1703.] CORRESPONDENCE. 183 
 
 judicious ; but I had much to do to answer her, though I said 
 all I could in his (Thomas's) favor. Robert inclines to leave all 
 to go to you, but his wife not ready ; yet fair usage would go a 
 great way to engage her, and were she among the women there 
 she would be a notable ruling woman. I once more desire thee 
 to manage him so that thou mayst make thyself master of his 
 arcanas, which, after all, I am inclined to think short of his 
 accounts and characters. I know not that I shall say more 
 than that I have sent a warrant to constitute my cousin Mark- 
 ham the register-general of the province, which I hope may 
 somewhat help him, and not displease our friends. I am in 
 treaty with the ministers about my government, and hope to 
 make the best of a bad market. If Councillor Mompesson 
 cannot have a salary from the people as chief justice of the 
 province, for which he is well fitted, then, if he were secretary 
 of the government, (if that post is a clog to thee,) or in case 
 of my cousin Markham's decease or refusal, if he were register- 
 general, I should like it, for his deserved encouragement. 
 
 Again, I recommend furs by Guy, and some rarity of the 
 country to present to our great men. Coverlids or petticoats 
 of fine furs, Indian work, bows and arrows, &c. Pray send us 
 a barrel or two of apples, if ripe or sound old ones to be had, 
 watermelons, or any produce of the country. I yet believe I 
 shall have another opportunity, so close at this time with all our 
 loves. Thy assured friend, Wm. Penn. 
 
 Pray urge Gov. Hamilton to write to Robert West, who takes 
 ill his profound silence. I leave T, F.'s open for thee to read 
 and seal. Vale. 
 
 James Logan to William Howston. 
 
 Philadelphia, xith 2d-mo., 1703. 
 Wm. Howston — Loving Friend: — Richard Halliwell, in 
 behalf of the town of New Castle, making application to have 
 the commons granted to that town settled and confirmed, I 
 once more, while there is an opportunity, request thy final 
 answer about that additional tract and the overplus we have so
 
 l84 PENN AND LOGAN [1703. 
 
 much discoursed of; we set the price as low as possible, viz., 
 j^i 5, under which we cannot nor shall not come. If thou please 
 to accept of it on these terms and order the money, it shall be 
 confirmed without delay : if not, it must go into the commons, 
 and for it we shall add the like quantity to that reserved on the 
 back of it, where it will at least be worth the money asked, and 
 therefore where it lies worth double. I request thy speedy 
 answer, which, or thy silence, will positively determine us. 
 
 I am thy very loving friend, J. L. 
 
 James Logan to H. Hollingsworth 
 
 Philadelphia, \i,th zd-jjio., 1703. 
 
 Loving Friend H. Hollingsworth : — I here send thee the 
 warrant of Middletown, later a week I confess *:han it should 
 have come. However, now thou hast it I would have thee lose 
 no time, but set even this week about it. 
 
 "To Thomas Fairman and David Powel, surveyors: In your 
 present journey to the Great Swamp,^ I desire you, without fail, 
 to lay out, either in one or two tracts, as it shall best suit the 
 place, ten thousand acres of good land, under certain bounds 
 and marked lines and corners, to be returned into the office upon 
 a warrant which shall be directed to you for the Proprietary. 
 Next to survey to Griffith Jones, in pursuance of his warrant, 
 for 2,920 acres with allowance, 2,550 acres with so much more 
 as the tract granted to him above the Welsh of Gwynedd wants 
 of 660 acres, in the place already marked out to him by square 
 regular lines, and as uniform as the place will bear. After which 
 to run head lines for 4 or 5,000 acres or more, to be laid out here- 
 after to purchasers as you shall have orders, under certain bounded 
 fronts and back lines, but without subdivisions or executing any 
 other warrant whatsoever ; also to take a general and full view 
 of the whole lands thereabouts that arc of value." 
 
 * [In the vicinity of Quakertown, Bucks County. — Editor.]
 
 1703.] CORRESPONDENCE. 185 
 
 J. KiRLL TO Jonathan Dickinson. 
 
 Philadelphia, \(ith April, 1703. 
 Loving Friend Jonathan Dickinson: — These acquaint thee 
 of our health at this time, but my poor wife was delivered of a 
 dead child about three months since, which was like to have lost 
 her life ; thy two sons are well and much altered for the better; 
 the dock lies as thee left it, nobody will put it forward. As yet 
 our city is pretty healthful ; things are much after the old rate: 
 we want to be new. It 's reported that Col. Hamilton has the 
 Queen's approbation, which is not at all pleasing to them that 
 wish not well to the contrey. George Keith has been among 
 us, but was but coldly received by most sorts of people ; he had 
 disputes with several sorts ; but one William Davis, a Seventh- 
 day Baptist, had a dispute with him in the Keithian meeting- 
 house, where George had the worst of it, and was forced to quit 
 the field to his great dishonor; he is now gone to Virginia. I 
 believe he stayed here longer than he was welcome to most 
 sorts. This comes by John Pairmaine, who is master of my 
 sloop ; if it should lie in thy way to help him to any freight, or 
 any other way will much oblige. I have ordered him to sell 
 her if no freight present for this place. She will make a good 
 sloop to fetch sugar, will stand two heights on her buts ; she is a 
 strong sloop, let people give her what name they please to. 
 With I and wife's dear love to thee and wife, 
 
 I am thy assured friend, Jos. Kirll. 
 
 Isaac Norris to Jonathan Dickinson, Jamaica. 
 \_Extract.'\ Philadelphia, 19//; 2d-mo., 1703. 
 
 .... The state of things, both in church and state, are much 
 as thou left them, though Colonel Quary and that party top it 
 extremely over the government, which by the endeavors of our 
 enemies is made precarious, although we have lately accounts 
 that Col. Hamilton is confirmed b}'- the Queen. The poor man 
 has been very ill a long time. It is my opinion T. Murrey will 
 quickly carry Rebecca Richardson, though violently opposed
 
 l86 PENN AND LOGAN [1703. 
 
 by the mother. He has taken Jos. Pidgeon's house for seven 
 years, is building a ship of 20 guns, and is one of the top of 
 the town. 
 
 James Logan to William Penn. 
 
 Amboy, 2()th 2d-mo., 1703. 
 Honored Governor: — The mournful occasion of my being 
 here is the funeral of that worthy gentleman, our Lieutenant 
 Governor Hamilton. He lay sick of a putrid and hectic fever 
 for about nine weeks, and departed the 26th instant/ in his per- 
 fect senses, and was interred yesterday in the afternoon: we 
 had advice of it at Philadelphia but the evening before, viz., 28th, 
 by the post; and presently on the news, Wm. Trent, Thomas 
 Farmer, and myself, being all who on that short notice could 
 get ready, for Friends were mostly gone to Salem meeting, 
 hastened away to pay this last respect, and came time enough 
 to meet the corpse at the grave. So that now all thy late pains 
 for an approbation in his favor are lost, and our enemies unhap- 
 pily gratified once more. The commission to the council is 
 strong, but one director is gone, and a concurrence of ability 
 and inclination is too much wanting there. I need not mention 
 what speedy provision our circumstances will require : in the 
 mean time I hope we shall be able to keep the peace, preserve 
 order, and towards which nothing shall be wanting that is in my 
 power; but our president's' preciseness in some things will scarce 
 suit the exigencies of our affairs at this time, and the next to 
 him, J. Guest, is unfit for power. Whose turn may be next God 
 only knows, but I fear more will follow. 
 
 James Logan to William Penn. 
 \_Extract.'\ Philadelphia, 13//^ yi-mo., 1703. 
 
 .... This comes chiefly to inclose W. Clark's letter, which 
 I forgot to take with me to the Governor's funeral at Amboy, 
 
 ^ 26th 2d-mo., 1703. — L. 
 
 * [Edward Shippen, president of council. — Editor.]
 
 1703.] CORRESPONDENCE. I87 
 
 from whence I dispatched letters, both by way of York and 
 Boston ; since the date of these, viz., the 4th inst., the commis- 
 sion to the council was published, a copy of which is inclosed ; 
 it was done in a great hurry, and, either by the transcriber's 
 haste or some other accident, we find the Duke's deeds of feoff- 
 ment are not mentioned, which gives some occasion to reckon 
 it less valid in respect to those counties. I know not how far 
 it will be insisted on, however; to prevent confusion 'twill 
 require thy consideration, and if backed by another commission 
 per first opportunity, till matters can be better settled, with more 
 names inserted, such as Richard Hill, Isaac Norris, Thomas 
 Master, Robert Asheton, Charles Read, Francis Rawle, John 
 Finney, &c., it may be much for the ease of those concerned, 
 for 't is now difficult to get a quorum ; but it will be necessary 
 to be full and very express with an order for the Great Seal. 
 Thomas Story has gone to the Maryland meeting. 
 
 Bills never were more plenty among the merchants, through 
 the scarcity of money, which seems now to have almost taken 
 its leave of us, so that our poverty ought now effectually to pro- 
 tect us. 
 
 What letters the secretary sends from this place to the Pro- 
 prietary after the date hereof, he is desired to apply the blank 
 leaf at the end of them to a fire till scorched, because that 
 trick may discover the knavery, &c. of &c., but he will send 
 none such now. 
 
 I received thine by Mary Phillips, recommended to thy cousin 
 Rooth, and referring to further advice. I have supplied her with 
 about ^16: pray give further orders concerning her. 
 
 I am again going to Chester County about rents, where I have 
 already sat the best part of two weeks, and received not ;^20 in 
 the whole, money is so exceedingly scarce. People, notwith- 
 standing, are willing to pay, and owe considerably, but have it 
 not ; they offer wheat, but that will not do, there being not suf- 
 ficient vent for it. 
 
 Upon the publication of the commission from the council, 
 they issued a proclamation to continue officers, &c.
 
 l88 PENN AND LOGAN [1703. 
 
 The last of thy present commissioners of property* says, that 
 though, in what he has wrote to-day, one paragraph may appear 
 ahnost delirious, at least very odd.yet 'tis wrote on good grounds, 
 and if duly observed the next will explain it; but the remem- 
 brance of the Cantico * and other rogueries would forbid him at 
 this time to be plain. Let him stand or fall, I say, by his own 
 merits : if he prove nonsensical, let him suffer for it. 
 
 William Penn to James Logan. 
 
 London, dth ^th-mo., 1703. 
 
 I have had none from thee since the loth-mo. last, which I 
 am surprised at, so many opportunities from New York and 
 New England presenting, though not from you. 
 
 I bless the Lord we are all yet in the land of the living. My 
 son has another boy — mine and his name — and my poor wife 
 going down, to-morrow, to Bristol, to lie in. I have writ fully 
 by the Messenger, as also by Randal Janney, in the Jolly 
 Galley, which I hope are come well to hand, and will be con- 
 sidered and followed. 
 
 For my rents, debts due to me, public or private, as also sal- 
 able lands, as per last, I do earnestly press their returns, but 
 much rather in furs and skins than tobacco, per Barbadoes ; but 
 by bills were best, for the load I am under be too heavy to bear 
 without large supplies; wherefore avoid all expenses unnecessary. 
 
 My son is now in earnest to be with you by the Virginia 
 fleet, that sails by orders the lOth of the 6th-mo., (two months 
 hence,) and so thence up the bay, unless better conveniency 
 offers more directly in the mean time as early as that. I am 
 actually in treaty with the ministers for my government, and 
 so soon as it bears, you shall be informed of it. I believe it 
 repents some they began it, for now 't is I that press it, upon 
 pretty good terms, as well for the people as self, in the judg- 
 ment of the wisest and best of my friends; but that shall never 
 weaken my love to, and residence in, Pennsylvania, and so I 
 
 ' The writer here refers to himself. — L. 
 ^ A vessel of that name. — L.
 
 1703.] CORRESPONDENCE. I89 
 
 command by will my posterity. You will have an increase of 
 Friends among }'ou to support the superiority, or balance at 
 least, in the province ; so after I have done with the govern- 
 ment, and called upon Ireland, if the Lord give me life, I pur- 
 pose to fly to you as fast as I can. 
 
 I have been much pressed by Jacob Telner about Rebecca 
 Shippen's business in the town. I desire that truth and right- 
 eousness may take place, and that it may be done, at any rate, 
 impartially. 
 
 Also pray remind S. Carpenter of his promise about ending 
 the business of the widow Lloyd ; it regards poor Thomas Hart 
 and Edward Man, by whom I am spoken to very often with 
 grief as well as resentment. Fail not. 
 
 B. Chambers is much called upon by the poor adventurers in 
 the old society,^ and some of them are truly so, even to the 
 want of bread. They are not satisfied with his accounts, and 
 think he should let them know what is left upon a moderate 
 estimate, for want of which none will buy, where some would 
 sell their shares; in which be particular to him, for 'tis a dis- 
 honest business to the country. Perhaps I may have another 
 larger opportunity by some way, so shall now say no more, but 
 that we send our loves and good wishes, and desire the same 
 may be made particular to all our town and country friends, as 
 if named, and other folks that deserve it, and that I am thy 
 affectionate, real friend, Wm. Penn. 
 
 ytJi \tli mo. — I have sent a duplicate by R. Janney, or Guy, 
 of the Queen's approbation of Governor Hamilton, of whose 
 conduct I desire an account. His countrymen [are], at this 
 minute, under the greatest ferment; and let him know that the 
 Duke of Hamilton's party prevails to have grievances and privi- 
 leges preferred to ~; that the commissioner, Duke of Queens- 
 bury, pressed, no notable thing, but the alliance with Portugal 
 shrewdly managed by Methuin's negotiation, who is }'et Lord 
 Chancellor of Ireland. I have sent a letter, lately sent me from 
 the Lords for Trade and Plantations, about the old quota busi- 
 ness, which is enclosed to Col. Hamilton, to act or recommend 
 
 ^ [The Free Society of Traders. — Editor. 1 
 '[Blank in the original. — Editor.]
 
 IQO PENN AND LOGAN [l703- 
 
 as he sees reason. He obtains a better credit here ; and for poor 
 Bass, he is the most miserable wretch living. Sonomans has 
 his place, who is run away and left the commission for Secre- 
 tary of the Jerseys, for want of money to take it out, and has 
 left his poor brother Loifiin and one Wilcox in the lurch, break- 
 ing all faith with them at going away, so that his credit is at an 
 end. Pray mind my two proprietaries in West Jersey, taken up 
 by Bass for me and his friend Daniel Leeds, of which the col- 
 lector at Burlington is able to give an account, for I think he 
 was surveyor, and I left the draught, when there, in my closet, 
 I am confident. Jos. Grove paid me t' other fifty pounds, 
 when I never wanted (it) more, a guinea being less to mc a year 
 since than a crown is now; therefore remember me by all 
 opportunities. My love to the Commissioners of Property and 
 magistrates. Vale. 
 
 James Logan to William Penn. 
 
 Philadelphia, 14//^ ifth-mo., 1703. 
 By way of York, Boston, Jamaica, and Barbadoes, I have ad- 
 vised of Gov. Hamilton's decease on the 26th 2d-mo. last, since 
 which I am to advise thee that on the i8th* ult, Col. Quary, 
 understanding that the council was to sit that day, sent them 
 word that he desired to wait on them, having something of 
 importance to lay before them : which proved an order of the 
 Queen in council, enjoining all officers to take the oath or af- 
 firmation enjoined by law in England, and that all persons 
 enjoined to take an oath in England should likewise take it 
 here, or the proceeding be null and void. I need not be particu- 
 lar in the recital because thou art fully acquainted with it, only 
 the consequence since Gov. Hamilton's decease, considering of 
 what persons the council is made up, is like to be troublesome and 
 perplexing. Some of the members, as John Guest and Samuel 
 Finney, being unwilling to act till they have taken all those en- 
 
 ^ [This should be the 17th. Quary's communication became a sub- 
 ject of discussion at many subsequent meetings, and appears to have 
 caused perplexity with the members of the council. — 2 Col. Records, 
 89 et post. — Editor.]
 
 1703.] CORRESPONDENCE. I9I 
 
 joined, and particularly that required by act of Parliament for the 
 security of trade, for which the dedimus, which has ministered 
 occasion for one of Quary's articles, is directed to him and his 
 factious brethren ; but in this now/tis scarce expected they will 
 comply and discharge their duty on any reasonable terms, more 
 than they would before to Gov. Hamilton ; and how it will be now 
 done without them is not yet fully understood, but till it is done 
 by some means or other, there will be a stop, I perceive, to all pro- 
 ceedings. The time appointed to try them is the 13th instant, 
 when 't is hoped all that are to take it will be here, as Wm. Clark 
 from below, and Thomas Story from Maryland, where he has been 
 about five weeks on the account of his ministry. 
 
 Col. Quary is now at New York with Lord Cornbury, from 
 whence he is now returning, and designs back, 't is said, forthwith, 
 to accompany said Lord Cornbury to Albany. The Assembly 
 of New York have ordered two good forts to be built on the 
 Narrows, one on Long Island, the other on Staten Island, which 
 they believe will secure them from hostile attempts by sea. The 
 said orders were sent to Col. Quary from the Lords of Trade 
 and Plantations, with directions to publish it in all the courts, 
 which he has hitherto done, and thereupon they have adjourned, 
 for due dedimus to qualify them. We cannot see how in the 
 courts of Bucks and Chester they will be able to act at all as 
 things now stand ; though had it pleased God to have continued 
 Gov. Hamilton's life among us we should have felt very little 
 inconvenience from this, but now shall labor under too great a 
 perplexity, so that immediate application to supply the place 
 will be required. His loss will prove exceeding fatal to all the 
 revenues of government, which were at a stand before in ex- 
 pectation of his approbation, but now, unless one succeed in 
 thy interest they seem to be quite despaired of Gov. Nicholson, 
 of Virginia, passed this way lately, to and from New York, and 
 at his departure did all the mischief it was possible for him at 
 New Castle, though treated very civilly by Friends here. I ac- 
 companied him to Burlington upwards, and designed to New 
 Castle with him downwards ; but at Chester, at supper with Jas- 
 per Yeates, we had some high words, occasioned at first by the 
 clergy, on which J. Growdon, who was with us, and I, returned
 
 192 PENN AND LOGAN [l/OS- 
 
 from thence in the morning : the subject was the territories. 
 He has encouraged them, as 't is reported, to build a church at 
 New Castle, on the green, and promises to procure a confirma- 
 of it from Queen Anne. It will be extremely necessary to pro- 
 cure a lieutenant for some time at least in thy interest, or thy 
 affairs cannot have justice here. I would be larger, but not 
 having a safe hand tp send by, and fearing this may be served as 
 those per the Industry were, I am more cautious. 
 
 .... By way of York I inclosed bills, &c., &c Money 
 
 to buy them being so scarce that it seems almost to have 
 taken its leave of this continent, which will be sufficiently con- 
 firmed by those that go hence. To the infelicity of the times 
 therefore, and no remissness in me, I hope thou wilt impute thy 
 disappointments from this place 
 
 I sent a large packet from via York last ist-mo., and shall 
 be fullerper said opportunities. H. Childs, arriving here two days 
 ago, delivered thine, by his long detaining of which I could but 
 suspect his discretion : his excuses are weak. This country however 
 seems to have a loss in him~ by his not settling in it, for he 
 appears a capable and good man. I shall fully satisfy his bills 
 before his departure, which will be in two or three week, &c. J. L. 
 
 James Logan to William Penn. 
 
 (In continuation of that of the 14th 4th-mo., 1703.) 
 
 Philadelphia, 24/// ifth-mo., 1703. 
 
 The precedmg is what I sent last post, by way of Boston, 
 wrote in the original more obscurely, and with many abbrevia- 
 tions, that it might be the less intelligible, should it miscarry, 
 to which reason ascribe all that shall come in the same method 
 hereafter. 
 
 In that I have mentioned that the council has appointed the 
 13th of the next month to be a full board to try [unintelligible*] 
 whether in pursuance of that and the Queen's orders, they will 
 administer the oath to such as will take it, and the affirmation 
 
 ^ [The omitted words are to try "the commission prescribed in the 
 late king's dedimus." — Editor.]
 
 1703.] CORRESPONDENCE. I93 
 
 to the rest. But Col. Quary returning from New York .since, 
 and several being uneasy that affairs, especially those relating 
 to trade should be procrastinated, Samuel Carpenter and I last 
 night went to the Colonel and discoursed him about it, who has 
 declared his opinion that it ought forthwith to be done, and pro- 
 fesses his readiness to be serviceable in it: upon which the 29th 
 instant is appointed, whether there be a full council or not, and 
 the other commissioners are this day to be sent to: notwith- 
 standing this, that productive head of all mischief, J. Moore, 
 will I doubt find some unhappy pretence to perplex us. 
 
 In our discourse with Col. Quary, I found a great offence 
 taken at the trials in the last provincial court by juries, impan- 
 elled, he says, not only without an oath, but on a single affirma- 
 tion, to try two persons for their lives, and therefore believe 
 he has made it the subject of one article more against us. 
 
 William Clark in his letter gave an account of that court, 
 which was sent by way of New York, and now I send enclosed 
 by the Experiment, the record of these proceedings, together with 
 a minute of council made on that occasion, and shall give a 
 true state of the case briefly, as follows : 
 
 Last September court, Judges Guest and Finney, being two of 
 the bench, and the governor then absent, were of opinion that 
 it would be more proper, considering how affairs stood, to have 
 a particular commission of oyer and terminer and gaol delivery, 
 for this county, directed to such only as would take and admin- 
 ister oaths, than to proceed at that time by the standing com- 
 mission to y" provincial judges, of whom there was not a suffi- 
 cient number to make a quorum for the county, either of such 
 as could swear, or of such as could not separate from the others, 
 the law appointing only five judges, of whom this county requires 
 three ; so that those that could swear being unwilling upon that 
 occasion to act without oaths, and those that could not, inca- 
 pable to act with them, and there being only four judges here, for 
 W. Clark was absent, they could not proceed to any trial at that 
 time : I mean of life and death. 
 
 Upon this, such a special commission as I have mentioned was, 
 some considerable time after, viz., in February, directed to Judge 
 Guest, Captain Finney, and Edward Farmer, or any two of them, 
 
 VOL. I. — 14
 
 194 PENX AND LOGAN [1703. 
 
 for delivering the said gaol, the 23d of said month, and accord- 
 ingly the court was opened, and the persons summoned for the 
 grand jury, who were all such as could take an oath, were 
 according to the sheriff's panel called over, but a sufficient 
 number not appearing, either in the morning or afternoon, the 
 sheriff was ordered by the court to make up a sufficient number 
 out of the tales, which was done ; but the oath being offered 
 to them, some refused for one reason, some for another, and not 
 one would act, so that we evidently perceived the endeavors we 
 always expected would be used, by those factious persons who 
 contend for nothing more than our confusion, had been too suc- 
 cessful, and nothing could be depended on for the public good 
 and welfare of the place, where these men could have any influ- 
 ence. After court some inquiries were made into the reason of 
 the refusal, and the principal and most open that were given 
 were, that the trial of such criminals belonged to the provincial 
 court when it came of course, and that a special court seemed 
 not so conformable to law: but this was wholly groundless; the 
 law leaves sufficient room for such courts, and they could not 
 but know that it has been frequently practiced. However, this 
 served to impose on those who knew no better : but of those 
 that did the real argument was that the commission being issued 
 by Col. Hamilton, who had not the Queen's approbation, was 
 not valid in itself, and, therefore, none could be safe to act under 
 it; which argument, though it could not startle the judges, yet 
 they thought ought to weigh with the jury, being to them of 
 the highest moment ; this to be sure could not appear otherwise 
 than extremely ridiculous, all men knowing that it is the bench 
 and not the jury who are answerable for the judgment given, 
 and 'tis the judgment only that takes away the life. But in the 
 bottom of all it is plain the design was to prevent all things 
 that might take away occasion of complaint, and that they hoped 
 the delaying of justice might prove a great one. 
 
 This endeavor of the governor proving fruitless, the criminals 
 continued in prison till the provincial court returned of course, 
 w^hich was on the loth of the 2d-mo. last, but still it returned 
 under the same disadvantages as the other did before, only that 
 the other judge was present, which made up three of such as
 
 1703.] CORRESPONDENCE. I95 
 
 could not swear. The court being called, and all five in town. 
 Judge Guest and Finney, as they had done before, declined act- 
 ing, and the other three, William Clark, Edward Shippen, and 
 T. Masters, held the court and impanelled a grand jur>' : not 
 by oath, for that they could not administer, but by an affirma- 
 tion according to the law of England; which being done, and 
 several discourses arising upon it, they, desirous to act cautiously 
 to their utmost, advised not only among themselves what was 
 fit to be done, which occasioned some short adjournment, but 
 at length advised also with some members of council, who 
 concluded altogether that the royal charter to thee, the Proprie- 
 tary, requiring the law for felonies, &c., to be the same here as 
 in England, until they should be altered by thee and the people, 
 and the same charter in other clauses giving full power to make 
 laws, the law of England could not be our rule after such altera- 
 tions were made ; that charter only being the foundation of thy 
 government, that therefore we have no privilege but by that 
 charter, and could have no law but such as it directed ; that 
 having made of our own, pursuant to its direction, which were 
 not yet disallowed of that we knew of, these must be our guide 
 and rules ; that we having a law that directed how juries should 
 be qualified, whilst we acted by that we acted legally, and could 
 not act so by any other. However, that, while this govern- 
 ment found no fault with the administration of oaths when it 
 should be thought there was occasion for them, it was very 
 probable the government of England would not, and, therefore, 
 such as should administer to those that were free to it, acted 
 safely. 
 
 Upon this the grand jury was again attested, according to the 
 law of this government in that case provided, and business car- 
 ried forward without any obstruction to the end, in which one 
 young man was burnt in the hand for manslaughter, pleading 
 the benefit of his clergy, and a woman condemned to death for 
 murdering her child, but is not, nor is likely to be executed. 
 
 This is a true state of the case, and if any fault be found it 
 will scarcely, I suppose, lie at the judges' door, for there was a 
 necessity to deliver those miserable wretches out of gaol, where 
 they had long been under great hardships ; and for the reasons 
 aforesaid, no other means appearing, they pursued the law
 
 10 PENN AND LOGAN [1703. 
 
 strictly, which they have reason to plead in their defence ; and 
 by the validity of that all things of this nature must stand or 
 fall. 
 
 I must here observe that the governor, though always desirous 
 to have oaths administered where it could by any means be 
 done, yet could not again venture to issue a new commission to 
 the new provincial judges, for by that means their old commis- 
 sions, which are from thyself, and therefore disputed by none, 
 would be made void, and the validity of the new one, issued by 
 Governoi- Hamilton, not yet approved of that we know of, would 
 be disputed, and by that means all the business of the Supreme 
 Court obstructed. At the first-mentioned Court of Oyer and 
 Terminer, &c., J. Moore, Attorney General, rode out of town 
 without taking any notice of it at all, though advertised of it 
 by the judges themselves, and by order of council, that he 
 might prepare to prosecute for the Queen ; and in the last he 
 pleaded an indisposition of body, and would not act then. The 
 cause of the first was the invalidity of the commission in his 
 judgment ; of the other, the want of oaths. 
 
 There is one thing more has much disturbed some of the 
 clergy here, which was, they say, that Edward Shippen, a mayor 
 of the city, sent a constable to keep the peace, or defend one 
 Davies, a whimsical fellow here, that opposed George Keith, 
 while he uttered blasphemies against heaven, or which is worse, 
 the church. I was absent then, with John Moore, at Bucks 
 court, about Tatham's and Growdon's business, and therefore 
 was wholly a stranger to it, and though it made some little noise, 
 never thought it worth my while to inquire into it, through an 
 utter aversion I have to things of the kind. This morning, how- 
 ever, hearing complaint was made of it, I inquired of the mayor 
 himself, for further satisfaction, and he has promised an account 
 of all he knows of the matter, under his own hand, which also 
 comes by the Experiment. The mayor himself, with most of 
 those, both of our friends and church folks, were, at the time 
 of this flurry, at our meeting-house, at young John Jones's wed- 
 ding with his step-mother's daughter, Margaret Waterman ; 
 which wedding, for the number of people and splendor of enter- 
 tainment, was the most considerable that has ever been in this
 
 1703.] CORRESPONDENCE. I97 
 
 province, and kept the invited, among whom was Col. Quary 
 and family, and all of that rank, as well as Friends, till some 
 good part of the afternoon was spent, so that they were inno- 
 cent, and knew not what passed, if anything ; and I have often 
 since, in discourse, transiently heard the depositions represented 
 as very ridiculous things, though I never would see or inquire 
 into one of them; and I believe men cannot expose themselves 
 more than by showing an inclination to lay hold on such trifles 
 and groundless stories for matter of accusation. If there has 
 been any other occasion of complaint taken — for I am confident 
 there is none given — I am a stranger to it, as of necessity we 
 must all be, while they court opportunities, keep all silent, in- 
 dustriously hear and in the dark, and without the least notice 
 to any that should redress them, thunder over accounts of their 
 sham grievances, &c. I wish next third-day, the 29th inst. — 
 mentioned before — could pass over before these ships sail, but 
 'tis not to be expected ; for I much doubt we shall daily be more 
 and more perplexed, and therefore intreat thy application for 
 some further provision for our good order in times of so much 
 danger. 
 
 We have nothing of any kind about us, for that General Cod- 
 rington's particular humor has lost the expedition against Gua- 
 daloupe, and the fleet at Jamaica spend their bottoms on the 
 worm and their powder in roaring acclamations for the Queen's 
 health, I suppose is none. 
 
 Jemmy Le Tort went to Canada with Louis Lemoine in the 
 fall of 1701, and returned lately without the other, not liking 
 the place. We have had him up, and examined him strictly, 
 but cannot discover that he knows anything, or that he was 
 received or taken notice of; but he tells us that the French 
 have settled a priest among the Onondagoes, and that the 
 government of York, as he was informed, warned them to send 
 the said priest away forthwith, but they had refused. Letters 
 from the eastward say they have advices, several ways, that the 
 French there are upon a design of making a descent somewhere 
 on these colonies. 
 
 Indian Harry not having been here for twelve months past, 
 notwithstanding he promised otherwise, I designed to Con-
 
 198 PENN AND LOGAN [l/OS- 
 
 estogoe, as I wrote before last •2d-mo. ; but hearing he was gone 
 abroad, I stopped my journey; and now he has wholly pre- 
 vented it by coming himself last week; he can inform us of 
 nothing. 
 
 Pray inform further what I am to do relating to that gentle- 
 woman recommended to thy cousin Rooth, Mary Phillips. 
 She had but about ;i^20 of me. In the letter by her, thou wert 
 pleased to express thy inclination to grant Col. Markham some 
 request he had made, if practicable, which proved the Surveyor 
 General's place; but that could not possibly be now, in the time 
 of general resurveys, when the whole is done at thy charge 
 almost, and through the people's backwardness will cost thee 
 some hundreds of pounds advanced out of pocket. The time, 
 I hope, will bring it almost all in again, besides the advantage 
 of the overplus itself, which is the only inducement. 
 
 Within the time limited, all old surveys in the province, and 
 County of New Castle, will, I hope, be perfected, but nothing 
 done in the two lower counties. For reasons given before, be- 
 sides that I really think it would never answer, these, while 
 money is so scarce and trade so dull, are very chargeable, yet 
 generally will prove well worth while, I hope, though very 
 troublesome before they can be fully settled. 
 
 I know not what to do about thy interest in the Jerseys. I 
 am wholly a stranger to them, more than what the deeds left 
 here will show, and these seem to have a reserve, which very 
 reserve, I perceive it is, that Dr. Cox claims. He desires a 
 friendly conference on both sides, is willing to show thee his 
 title, and desires that we will do the same; but S. Jennings, the 
 chief of the attorneys for those parts, is very shy, and pleads 
 ignorance, and T. Story and I may certainly more justly plead 
 it ; so that we are cautious, and think not fit to go any further 
 than we are sure the ground is good. The Dr. has pressed it 
 several times, declaring that he desired nothing more than 
 what, in the judgment of any man of understanding, would 
 appear to be his due, and what he could make an indisputable 
 title to. If thee hast a better, he would readily quit all claim. 
 Of which language I no ways understanding the ground, have 
 kept the whole discourse at a distance, and would never enter
 
 1703] CORRESPONDENCE. I99 
 
 upon it, so that as yet we have never done anything, for fear of 
 doing wrong in what we could not understand, and giving an 
 advantage that we did not see. I wish thou wouldst be pleased 
 to write to Samuel Jennings fully about it 
 
 On the Experiment, in which Edward Shippen, junior, comes, 
 
 I have shipped, &c The bear-skins are a commodity, 
 
 when good, and these are none of the very best, yet well worth 
 what they cost, viz., 12s. per piece, now sold at 14 or 15. They 
 are very scarce, and through the mildness of the past winter 
 not easy to be had so large as formerly. The small furs, I 
 believe, are right good 
 
 I have endeavored at a perfect rent-roll for Chester, but not 
 one half of the people came in, for shame, they say, that they 
 could not raise money, though by printed bills they had large 
 notice ; and of those that came in, not one half could pay, so 
 that out of the whole county I could not raise ^^40 ; however, 
 were wheat in such demand again that I could take it at any 
 certain price of money, I would complete the rolls, and make 
 some hand of it or other. 
 
 T. Story not being returned from Maryland, the commission- 
 ers do not write, and the council have mentioned, but not 
 ordered, that a letter should be drawn up from them : in the 
 mean time, Ed. Shippen, and some others, press me to urge 
 the necessity of making some more suitable provision for the 
 government; for affairs are like to be exceedingly perplexed 
 by their not being able to administer oaths, upon this last order 
 of the Queen. 
 
 There is a fine new vessel, built here, called the Pennsbury 
 Galley, carried on by Thomas Murray and Joseph Shippen, in- 
 tends to sail hence for London this summer, on whom I shall 
 ship, &c. 
 
 Poor James Streater, being settled above the Falls, has very 
 lately lost both son and daughter by the distemper that has 
 been hovering around us. We are healthy in town, and gener- 
 ally so, as yet, in the countiy. 
 
 Edward Shippen, Samuel Carpenter, Caleb Pusey, Isaac Nor- 
 ris, Richard Hill, and several others give their dear love and 
 due respects, with which also from myself concludes 
 
 Thy most faithful, J. L.
 
 20O PENN AND LOGAN [l703- 
 
 P. S. 26th. — I have this day finished with Henry Childs, and 
 paid him £\2. los. interest. He is a close man. We have not 
 heard from thee since /br, now nine months. 
 
 One Squire Ash, a gentleman of an estate, parts, and educa- 
 tion, a friend to this country, lately arrived here from Carolina, 
 goes over with Edward Shippen. He has made great obser- 
 vations, and is worth notice. I send the registers of vessels in 
 a distinct packet, inscribed " for the Queen's service," per Ed- 
 ward Shippen; also a copy of the answers to Col. Quarry's arti- 
 cles, in another packet. In another packet, by itself, I send the 
 invoice and bills of lading to S. Vaus, least thou should be out 
 of town. 
 
 James Logan to William Penn. 
 
 Philadelphia, (^th ^th-mo., 1703. 
 
 By Puckle and Edward Shippen, in the Experiment — which 
 sailed hence last week — I have been large, since which I have 
 received thine by R. Janney and the Messenger, both safely 
 arrived with Councillor Mompesson, whose presence, had Gov. 
 Hamilton lived, had brought us into the most excellent order; 
 but Providence is pleased, for reasons best known to His all- 
 seeing eye, to dispose our affairs otherwise. 
 
 I shall not now undertake to answer thy last, the Messenger 
 designing back in a little time, but send this only to notify 
 their arrival, in case it may, by the eastward, find an opportu- 
 nity of coming to hand before her ; and again to press thee to 
 make some further provision for this place, the first step to 
 which may be to send a new commission to the council, mak- 
 ing R. Mompesson president, with a considerable power vested 
 in him alone, till a governor can be again approved, which is 
 absolutely necessary for thy interest, and taking in as many 
 churchmen or jurors as possible, such as Charles Read, R. Ashe- 
 ton, the collector, if the commissioners there would think it 
 proper ; William Trent, but he will scarce act, I suppose. A. 
 Paxton is not to be trusted, I doubt, and I think I cautioned it 
 in my letter. I question not but the detaining Col. Hamilton's, 
 &c., was no other than a design, and a base one too-, when the
 
 1703.] CORRESPONDENCE. 201 
 
 Others were sent up before. I think the number ought not to 
 be above a dozen or fifteen, of which five a quorum, and that 
 number at least of such as aforesaid. 
 
 I have sent copies of the present commission, which, if mis- 
 carried, the names and ordinances now are : Ed. Shippen, J. 
 Guest, W. Clark, S. Carpenter, T. Story, G. Owen, P..Pemberton, 
 S. Finney, Caleb Pusey, J. Blackfan ; but Ph. Pemberton is 
 dead ; J. B. not proper, or G. O. much so, or of much service, 
 both having a reluctancy, and tender because of their testi- 
 monies, and neither would take it ill if left out and wrote to. 
 I suppose G. Owen, thinking one commission enough, for which 
 he is much fitter. Gov. Hamilton added J. Finney ; but he was 
 useless ; and thy servants, who are now both dropt, of course. 
 
 This commission is unhappily deficient in not reciting the 
 Duke's deed of feoffment, as well as the King's grant, for the 
 foundation of the powers, which are only those contained in 
 this letter; I know not by what or whose omission. It will be 
 necessary, therefore, to draw the next very full, and by a good 
 hand, for former things of that kind will not hold water now, 
 giving all the powers of government, whatever, to the whole, 
 and in all ordinary affairs, as registering ships, &c., to the pres- 
 ident, and in his absence — for Judge Mompesson will be much 
 absent, I doubt — to,^ I cannot advise who, for J. G.'s head can- 
 not bear much power, though 'tis mended, I think; others think 
 not ; and E., S., &c., are not so fit on the other account. Pray 
 let several duplicates of this commission, engrossed and signed 
 with warranties for the great seal to be affixe-d, be sent by all 
 opportunities, as Barbadoes packet-boats, York and Boston, 
 either from London or the out parts, being of such importance, 
 both to thyself and us ; for thy despatches and packets have, 
 hitherto, lain long, as mine has now done, at York, above three 
 months, and my last by Puckle will, I doubt, at Virginia. 
 
 I know not wha't skins or furs I shall get to send by the Mes- 
 senger. What I had, viz., one chest, is gone by Puckle, and one 
 hogshead bear-skins by the Experiment. As I have often said, 
 they are not to be purchased without Indian goods. If, there- 
 
 I [Sic. — Editor.]
 
 202 PENN AND LOGAN [1703. 
 
 fore, thou would engage with any adventurer who can and 
 will buy goods at the best hand to send over, to the value of 
 80 or 100 sterling, of strouds, duffelds, powder, small bar lead, 
 shirts, good cheap guns, &c., at a time, and agree to pay him 
 here, 125, 30, 40, or, rather than fail, 150 per cent., if well 
 brought, upon the first cost, not the bottom of the invoice, and 
 order them to pay for them according, I could make returns 
 that way more effectually, and would answer thee in all respects. 
 But I would not have them consigned to me to make returns 
 for them ; and if it were possible to agree to take country pro- 
 duce for them, if being very well bought there, thou might 
 venture to give 160 per cent. ; for they are bulky goods mostly, 
 and take much freight. None sells here now under 150, many 
 for 175. But to expect to have the Indian trade secured to 
 them, is as vain as to expect they will make offerings of their 
 whole estates to them. The merchants will never bear it. Con- 
 trivance and management may give thee a share with the rest, 
 and more is not to be depended on. P. Parmenter is just 
 arrived here from York, the first time since thy departure. He 
 affirms Lord Cornbury is in the wrong interest for this place, 
 notwithstanding professions, and desires this government to be 
 annexed. Col. Quary I know is great with him. Gov. Nichol- 
 son and his company, J. More, also, were very great there. 
 The council has wrote a civil letter to him on the governor's 
 death, three posts ago, but is not answered. 
 
 There is one George Roach lately arrived here from Antigua, 
 a very rich and good-natured man. He is great with S. Holt, 
 otherwise, perhaps, might be fit for the council, but cannot with 
 certainty advise. Pray be pleased to remember the present 
 council, because of the Queen's late -orders ; and in registering 
 ships can scarce do anything. Ifear New York will hurt Judge 
 Mompesson as to us. P. Parmenter is not in favor with Lord 
 Cornbury, which makes his information the less certain, but it 
 may be too true. I must, with due respects and in all dutiful- 
 ness, conclude. Thy most faithful and obedient servant, 
 
 James Logan.
 
 1703.] CORRESPONDENCE. 2O3 
 
 Isaac Norris to Jonathan Dickinson. 
 
 Philadelphia, the 2>th of dth-mo., 1703, 
 Dear Friend Jonathan Dickinson : — 
 
 I could not sell the iron together, or any considerable quan- 
 tity, there being much in country, and it being all Spanish and 
 rusty, was slighted. T. M. once seemed inclinable to give 36 
 per cwt. for it, the pay in bread 
 
 Before thy order came about paying five pounds to the free 
 school, brother Preston and I had added 20s. per annum to thy 
 subscription for the remaining time, as we did from our own ; so 
 .... that at present, unless thou further order. I have spoke 
 to brother and sister Preston about the children's . . . } and do 
 not perceive but what thy offers will give content ; and be 
 assured they shall want no assistance of money for clothing or 
 anything needful. My sister gives one of the schoolmasters 
 his entertainment, chiefly on their account ; and I think by that 
 means they are broke of a habit of crying, and being averse to 
 shout very much, and all done with kindness ; and there is in 
 the main a good understanding between the little sparks and 
 their masters. 
 
 As to that about tradesmen here, there are several talk of 
 going over as bricklayers or carpenters, and two or three sets 
 of sawyers. I cannot find any of them willing to contract but 
 on unreasonable terms, they being blown up as if it is nothing 
 but to jump into an estate there presently. However this, I 
 shall endeavor to get them to promise the refusal of their ser- 
 vices, and therefore 'twill be well that Ezekiel, or somebody, 
 be prepared and ready to meet and treat with them I shall 
 recommend to him. 
 
 As to the land at Susquehanna, nothing is done further yet ; 
 but young Wm. Penn being expected, then somewhat will be 
 done. The settlement of those lands at the head of N. East 
 river, or Octoraro, seems to give value to our Susquehanna. 
 . . . . Our place is, considering the time of year, very healthy. 
 
 * [Illegible. — Editor.]
 
 204 PENN AND LOGAN [1703. 
 
 Thy children are well, and our family. G. Claypoole applies him- 
 self to Martha,^ I know not how 't will go, who, with her two sons, 
 are still with us ; we expect brother to fetch her at our Yearly 
 Meeting. Samuel Bownas is ill. The Friends lately from Eng- 
 land, Thos. and Josiah, we understand, are well, in Barbadoes. 
 Things among Friends, in the main, well here. The Bank meet- 
 ing-house will be finished against the meeting. Here are more 
 good houses built this summer than ever I knew in one since I 
 came to the country. T. Masters has built a stately one, five 
 stories from the lower street, and three above the upper, at the 
 corner of High Street. A. Bickle has built another three-story, 
 at the corner next Wm. Hudson's. 
 
 With dear love to my good friend Mary, thy father, and you 
 all, I conclude. Thy affectionate friend, 
 
 Isaac Norris. 
 
 Charles Read to Jonathan Dickinson. 
 \_Extract.'] Philadelphia, August 17, 1703. 
 
 .... Blessed be God, we are peaceful and very healthful, 
 both in town and country. The Lord Cornbury is now in this 
 town, having published his commission for the government of 
 the Jerseys, at Burlington, on Friday last. What will become 
 of the government we know not as yet. The death of our 
 Governor Hamilton has broke all our measures. I doubt we 
 shall not be so happy in another, he being an affable, moderate 
 man, and, as far as I could observe, free from that avaricious 
 humor too predominate among us 
 
 William Penn to James Logan. 
 
 WORMINGHURST, 27/A 6th-mo., 1703. 
 
 I have heard, by two letters, from my cousin Parmiter, from 
 New York, one of the 3d, the other of 23d of the last 3d-mo., 
 of the death of Col. Hamilton, and by the last that he died at 
 Amboy. That being an affair which much affects me and the 
 province, I hoped to have heard from thee about it at the first 
 
 ^ Martha Hoskins. — L.
 
 1703.] CORRESPONDENCE. 205 
 
 opportunity, anywhere upon the continent. Next, the Lord 
 Commissioners for Trade and Plantations took notice to me of 
 the present insufficiency of the government in Pennsylvania, 
 because the first of the council was not able to register ships, 
 administer an oath, or perform some other requisites in govern- 
 ment, while three or four of the council were churchmen, and 
 of age and experience in affairs; and no matter who of the 
 council transacted them, so that they were qualified to do it ; 
 and that by our constitution our Friends were so for the admin- 
 istration of our government. It went over till a letter came 
 from Lord Cornbury, your great friend} importing a representa- 
 tive from the Church of England with you, to him, complaining 
 of a man's being lately sentenced to death by a jury of Quakers, 
 not only not sworn, but not attested, according to the act of 
 Parliament in England; to which I answered I had heard nothing 
 of it, and so soon as any advices came, should inform them of 
 it. In the mean time it was not to be thought that a colony 
 and constitution of government made by and for Quakers, would 
 leave themselves, and their lives and fortunes, out of so essen- 
 tial a part of the government as juries ; that there and here 
 differed much, as we had never gone thither with our lives and 
 substance, to be so precarious in our security as not to be capa- 
 ble of being a juryman. If the coming of others shall overrule 
 us that are the originals, and made it a country, we are unhappy; 
 that it is not to be thought we intended no easier nor better 
 terms for ourselves, in going to America, than we left behind 
 us. As yet, this has allayed the spirit of the objectors ; but of 
 none of this have I a word, which has been some concern to me. 
 Pray let me hear oftener. I have not had one penny, conse- 
 quently, towards my support, since the taking of the two ships 
 I advised thee of, and lived in town ever since I came over, at 
 no small expense, having not been three months of the twenty 
 I have been in England absent from court, putting all the time 
 together that I have been at this place and Bristol, from whence 
 I came three weeks ago, and was there but about fourteen or 
 sixtt. days, on occasion of my wife's lying in, who this day 
 month was brought to bed of a daughter, whom we call Han- 
 
 ' [The italics are Penn's. — Editor.]
 
 206 PENN AND LOGAN [1703. 
 
 nah Margarita.' They, with my two sons, were lately well, 
 and so am I, I bless God, at present. 
 
 I did, upon the news of the death of Col. Hamilton, imme- 
 diately apply to the Queen for another governor, and named one 
 here, as a disinterested person, which she referred, by Lord Not- 
 ingham, to the Lords of Trade, who lost no time in reporting 
 in his favor, so that he quickly obtained the Queen's approba- 
 tion, and is now ready to embark, with his commission and 
 instructions from me, and instructions from the Lords about 
 the acts of trade only. He is a young man, not above six-and- 
 twenty, but sober and sensible, entirely in my interest, as far as 
 he may go, and the son of an old friend of mine, that valued 
 me not a little. He will be discreet, advisable, and especially 
 by the best of our friends, and thyself, as the best verst and 
 most knowing in my affairs, as well as engaged in my interest. 
 He will early apply to S. Carpenter, Ed. Shippen, Isaac Norris, 
 Richard Hill, and honest Griffith Owen, his countryman, but 
 especially to thee, in the first place, for the reasons aforesaid, 
 even how to demean towards them, least there should be any 
 alteration in their tempers or inclinations of them. His name 
 is John Evans,^ and Welshmen are mightily akin ; perhaps it 
 may have some influence on the parson.^ I also recommend 
 him to Col. Markham, cousin Asheton, T. Ffarmer, &c., in 
 which give him thy hints. He will hear Friends, and goes pos- 
 sessed with the justice and reason of their case ; and the rest I 
 must leave to you upon the spot; but my son will tell thee 
 more of the motives to this choice. He has been at all the 
 charge I bore for Col. Hamilton, and got his own security, and 
 
 ' This child died in 1708. William Penn left two daughters, by the 
 first wife, Letitia Aubrey, and by the second wife Margaret, married 
 to Thomas Freame, Esq. Letitia had no children, Lady Crcmorne 
 is the only descendant of Margaret. — L. 
 
 'J. Norris,inaletterofthesame year, says: ''The governor (J. Evans) 
 has sense, and hitherto carries very well. Col. Quary is Surveyor- 
 General of the Customs and Judge of the Admiralty here again, and 
 John Moore (since the death of honest Bewley, last first-day, suddenly) 
 is the Collector appointed by the Colonel." — L. 
 
 " [The Rev. Evan Evans, rector of Christ Church, Philadelphia, is 
 nere" referred to. He was sent over as a missionary by Compton, 
 Bishop of London. — Editor.]
 
 1703] CORRESPONDENCE. 20/ 
 
 gave me no trouble on that account. He shows not much, but 
 has a good deal to show, and will grow upon the esteem of the 
 better sort. He has travelled, and seen armies, but never been 
 in them. Book learning, as to men and government, he inclines 
 to, carries over some good books, and expects, among mine 
 and thine, to help himself with more. Give him, as soon as he 
 comes, a hint of persons and things, and guide his reading, I 
 wish him to my cousin Asheton's^ or cousin Markham's to 
 board, unless he, my son, Mompesson his friend, and thou 
 should take a house among you. I allow him two hundred 
 pounds, that money per an., which will be sterling, or at most 
 at the New England sterling ; by that time the Queen returns 
 from the Bath. I gave thee a hint of the design of altering the 
 coin, in some of my last letters. Pray act therein for the best 
 advantage. 
 
 Now I am to tell thee, that when I told the lords Col. Ham- 
 ilton was dead, Secretary Blathwait answered me: " ^^'rn there 
 is dead the man, of all the rest, that has ivrit against proprietary 
 governments, the most neatly and strongly!' I replied : ''And yet 
 tvith what difficulty, besides charge, did I obtain that enemy of my 
 interest, and friend to yours, to be my deputy governor!' But his 
 moderation about the affairs of New York renewed a good 
 opinion of him, and I believe, had he lived, by the help of his 
 friends here, he had been favored in his concerns. But of this 
 passage of Secretary Blathwait say nothing, unless under secrecy 
 
 ' "The young proprietor, the governor, and Secretary Logan, all keep 
 house at Clark's Hall, which is completely fitted up." This house- 
 keeping was the source of much trouble and expense to the secretary, 
 the governor insisting that his expenses were to be paid by the govern- 
 ment. — L. 
 
 Governor Evans was accompanied to Pennsylvania by the proprie- 
 tor's son, William, and their arrival was quite unexpected by the peo- 
 ple ; an old letter of Samuel Preston's of the date of 1704, says: "I 
 need not tell thee that we have a governor, together with our proprie- 
 tary's son, supposing thou art already acquainted with it, whose com- 
 ing was no small surprise, having no account thereof till themselves 
 brought us the certificate that such was in town, and strange it was to 
 have a deputy of William Penn's appointment clothed with the 
 Queen's approbation, a man, though young, commended for conduct, 
 temper, and moderation." — L.
 
 208 PENN AND LOGAN [l703- 
 
 to S. Carpenter, or S. Jennings, or Francis Davenport : but those 
 two may remember at Gov. Hamilton's house, at Burlington, 
 I told you this, as my jealousy, at least to Davenport and 
 Gardner, and elsewhere to Samuel Jennings more than once, I 
 suppose to ingratiate himself against they became king's gov- 
 ernments ; but I could have as soon picked a pocket, or denied 
 my friend or name, considering the bread he cat was, for fifteen 
 or sixteen years running, by proprietary government. But what 
 shall a man say of this wretched world ? ^ I am with Council- 
 lor West, endeavoring to serve his creditors and family about 
 the post, however.^ I wrote to thee thrice since the receipt of 
 any from thee : one by a ship directly to New England, directed 
 to Daniel Zachary ; another by Col. Usher: but that ship touches 
 at New Foundland, inclosed also to Daniel Zachary ; and another 
 by way of New York, directed to the postmaster of that place, 
 as I remember. I wrote one to John. 
 
 The story of the money will be told thee by the deputy gov- 
 ernor, and more fully by my son,' who comes to see how he 
 likes, and to stay, or return to fetch his wife, or settle here. 
 I refer thee to my former letters for what concerns him, and thy 
 respect and care of him every way. He aims to improve his 
 study this winter with thee, as well as to know the country, the 
 laws and people thereof, and his interest and mine therein. 
 Use thy utmost influence upon him to make him happy in him- 
 
 ' [I am unable to clear up the obscurity, in more than one respect, 
 of these passages. Penn, however, it is- plain, refers to the expression 
 to Davenport and Gardner at Gov. Hamilton's, at Burlington, of some 
 ^^ jealousy,'" or apprehension, as to the character of the deceased gen- 
 tleman's views on the subject of proprietary governments. It is pos- 
 sible he may not have known the extent of their unfriendliness, 
 although we are left in doubt, whether Penn's reply to the secretary 
 was uttered under the emotion of surprise, or with a previous knowl- 
 edge of the facts communicated by him. — Editor.] 
 
 '■'It was obtained for one of Governor Hamilton's sons by William 
 Penn. — L. 
 
 'Our young proprietary seems to like the country, and talks of fetch- 
 ing his family; but by endeavoring to sell off all his lands he must 
 give me leave to think otherwise. He goes to no other worship, and 
 sometimes comes to meetings; he is good-natured, and loves com- 
 pany, but that of Friends is too dull. I say this much to answer thy 
 request. — Isaac Norris to J. Dickinson, 2^th <^th-mo., 1704. — L.
 
 I/03.] CORRESPONDENCE. 209 
 
 self and me in him ; watch over him for good, qualify his heats, 
 inform his judgment, increase his knowledge; he has a more 
 than ordinary opinion of thee : advise him to proper company, 
 give him fitting hints how far to go, he being naturally but too 
 open; and prevent his quarrelling with our enemies, an advan- 
 tage they may improve to our common prejudice. In short, 
 keep him inoffensively employed, at those times that he is not 
 profitably concerned. Let the first be the country, its laws and 
 constitutions, the settlement of the town and counties, in short, 
 the true state of the case : then study, with intervals in the 
 woods and upon the waters, where I should be glad such com- 
 pany as Isaac Norris, Samuel Preston, and sometimes Samuel 
 Carpenter, and Richard Hill, as well as the young Shippens, 
 would be so kind. Cousin Asheton, Mompesson, and T. Ffarmer, 
 if not worse than formerly, would be well enough sometimes 
 also. 
 
 I hope I need not bid thee take care to lay thy hand upon 
 some choice discovery of land, where there is water, meadow, 
 timber, and risings, to clap some old purchases upon, that some 
 of my friends are buying of first undertakers, a word to the wise. 
 
 I am now to tell thee that I am to make my daughter's lots 
 and lands up 2,000 sterling to Wm. Aubrey, and what yet is 
 wanting, a farm in England is to supply that deficiency, though I 
 hope her interest is better worth there ; and tell the trustees 
 sell, for so it is to be called, sell as thou wilt hear from him, or 
 his attorneys, Richard Hill and his poor heady brother-in-law, 
 but advise them to secrecy. Thou art to pay them at the rate of 
 one hundred and twenty pounds sterling value, which is, I sup- 
 pose, one hundred and sixty of your present money, in which be 
 exact. 
 
 Let me per first opportunity have thy sense of my interest 
 of the lowering of money to English standard, or New Eng- 
 gland's at least; whether it will be better [obliterated] or thy 
 reasons why not. 
 
 I think to send thee the Queen's repeal of the money 
 law : but that is to be a secret, for though the Lords of 
 Trade brought it to that without my knowledge, yet upon my 
 memorial to the Queen for a standard, or all would be in con- 
 
 VOL. I. — 15
 
 210 PENN AND LOGAN [1703. 
 
 fusion, the lords desired me, after hearing me, that I would 
 keep the repeal by me till they had made the general repre- 
 sentation, which is at the standard of Boston, because their law 
 was confirmed by King William, otherwise would reduce it to 
 English standard ; what obstructs the delivery of it to the Queen 
 in council is the nicety of two of their board; one would give 
 three or six months to the end pre-contracts may have time to 
 be paid off. The other would have them exempted in general 
 without naming any time; the rest think the object trivial, and 
 have signed without regard to pre-contracts, and argued from 
 none being provided for in our own laws upon raising the coin 
 three times, nor in England at the rise and fall of guineas, nor 
 in other nations, as Ireland, France, or Holland, where it varies 
 most of all. In case it is for my advantage, and is no detriment 
 to the public, publish the repeal ; if not, keep it by thee and 
 unknown. I have a duplicate by me if asked for, and no obli- 
 gation upon me to answer their request after doing this thing 
 without my knowledge.^ 
 
 For my government I refer thee to the deputy governor, and 
 my son more inwardly, entreat our friends to gain him all they 
 can, and never speak or report anything of him to his dispar- 
 agement behind his back, but tell him of it, and he has that 
 reasonableness and temper in him to take it kindly. Be as much 
 as possible in his company for that reason, and suffer him not 
 to be in any public house after the allowed hours. 
 
 I shall write to the council to represent how it is taken that 
 there is no settled revenue in the province to answer the 
 exigencies of government, especially for a governor, a judge, 
 and an attorney-general : without this be gone in hand with, I 
 fear our own enemies there will have but too plausible a pre- 
 tence against us here, especially in war time. 
 
 Pray represent this to Edward Shippen, Samuel Carpenter, 
 Richard Hill, Griffith Owen, &c., &c. I fear we shall have none 
 of our laws that we most desire ; and but an ordinary bargain 
 shall I be able to make for them or myself if they will not go 
 
 ^ The proclamation about the money w£is duly published, but the 
 people do not as yet regard it : there is not a man in the province but 
 takes money at the old rate. — Letter of James Logan. — L.
 
 1703.] CORRESPONDENCE. 211 
 
 to a small custom on imports and exports, and an excise. I 
 can't bear the burden as I have done tiiese twenty-two years, 
 save when I was last with you ; that foolish covetousness of theirs 
 is so far from good husbandry, that it will be found money ill- 
 saved at long run. I fear laws will be made here to rule us there, 
 if we are so stout and stingy; but I will say no more of this, 
 save if we had done like men we had not been now in the pre- 
 carious circumstances we are. 
 
 I hope by this time thou hast got in the ^1,000 of S. Carpen- 
 ter subscribed by the people for my support, as also the 2,000, 
 and the remainder of the customs and excise, and if so, send it 
 not over, unless in valuable goods; and mind, pray and get me 
 clear and easy in my private capacity as well as the public 
 affairs of government; for I have been involved by my public 
 spiritedness both there, and to be sure here ; once more, pray 
 expedite the sale of my daughter's lands and lots, and disen- 
 gage me from the interest I am to afford till paid ; if it be de- 
 layed I shall think myself wronged. 
 
 The wind has come about, and I must break off; but before 
 I do, pray let me have no more money laid out at Penns- 
 bury, and see that its produce, at least, defrays its charges ; and 
 since my son aims at thy company more than any other thing, 
 pray let him be constantly with thee and not keep any expense 
 at Pennsbury, at entertainments, &c. 
 
 William Penn to James Logan. 
 
 6fli-fHfl., 1703. 
 
 [Extracts from a decayed letter from William Penn, and proba- 
 bly dated about this period : it is superscribed, " To my trusty 
 and well-beloved friend, James Logan, secretary of the govern- 
 ment and proprietary of Pennsylvania, America." — L.] 
 
 .... I am solicited about George Fox's gift — indeed it was 
 mine to him ; and therefore must take the liberty to say, that 
 for the request I a little admire at it. The most considerable of 
 those who sign it must know it was so; I shall willingly allow 
 a field of twenty acres, or twenty-five acres for Friends' use, out
 
 212 PENN AND LOGAN [l/OS- 
 
 of liberty lands, near any^ meeting; but to allow it out of the 
 city lots is what I will never do, unless I was upon the spot. I 
 still remember the collops cut out of my own and my son's and 
 daughter's concerns in my former absence, and will suffer none 
 of those things to be acted again. I have not forgot lot N. N., 
 where our meeting-house stands ; " it was reserved for Tishe, who, 
 as per the list, it appears is without any High Street lot at all, 
 now that is gone. I know who urge these difficulties upon me, 
 but alas, they are in the power of one greater than I am to 
 humble, distress, and bring them to reflection ; one would think 
 the hand of God had been so legible upon them ; one in the 
 loss of an only lovely jeweP and the other of his Christian and 
 civil reputation, which ought so to mark him as never to be 
 employed in either civil or church capacity, till a pure repent- 
 ance* and purgation has restored him: in short, make this matter 
 as easy as may be, the land granted from the mill at town's end 
 would have done the business.* .... However, I will have his 
 name who honored truth above all men (George Fox) and loved 
 me, but in my own way and time. I will not be dictated to. I 
 can satisfy thee I have writ to none anything that can give them 
 the least occasion against thee. 
 
 The gentleman* who brings this is constituted Judge of the 
 
 ' On the Germantown Road, around Fairhill meeting-house, was the 
 lot allowed as George Fox's bequest to the Society of Friends. — L. 
 
 ^ At the time of this letter Friends had a meeting-house near the 
 Centre Square, High Street. N. N. means not numbered. The lot 
 was at the S. W. corner of Market and Second Streets, where Friends' 
 meeting-house formerly stood : granted in Gov. Markham's time. — L. 
 
 'The person here alluded to was probably David Lloyd, whose con- 
 troversy with the proprietor was well known, and will hereafter be 
 much spoken of in this work. He lost his only child, a son, about 
 this time, in a very affecting manner. His wife, a most excellent 
 woman, Avas sister to Lawrence Growdon, of Bucks County. — L. 
 
 *This repentance appears to have taken place: the person here 
 meant forsook all public employment and became religious. — L. 
 
 "[The Globe Mill afterward stood on its site. — Editor.] 
 
 ® \_Extract of a letter from Safnuel Preston.'\ 
 
 "Philadelphia, \T^fh 6th-mo., 1703. 
 .... to the no small surprise Tundoubtedly) of Col. Quary, ar- 
 rived here, as soon (or before) report, one Roger Mompesson, Judge
 
 1703.] CORRESPONDENCE. 213 
 
 Admiralty of Pennsylvania, the Jerseys, and New York, and is 
 yet willing to be my attorney-general, to rectify matters in law, 
 and to put you into better methods ; in which respect he is, by 
 the judicious here, thought to be very able. Get him a suitable^ 
 sober house to diet in, as well as lodge. If you were together, 
 't were for thy advantage in many respects. It is a moderate 
 churchman, knows the world here, has been in two several Par- 
 liaments, and recorder of Southampton ; only steps abroad to 
 ease his fortune of some of his father's debts, he was early un- 
 warily engaged for. It is a favorite of Lord Cornbury's father, 
 the Earl of Clarendon. I have granted him a commission for 
 chief justice, in case the people will lay hold of such an oppor- 
 tunity as no government in America ever had before, of an 
 English lawyer, and encourage him by a proper salary of at 
 least £100, if not 150, per annum ; for [obliterated] his business 
 chiefly relates to their property and that [obliterated]. 
 
 My son (having life) resolves to be with you per first oppor- 
 tunity. His wife, this day week, was delivered of a fine boy, as 
 I found when I came home in the evening, and which he has 
 called William ; so that now we are major, minor, and minimus. 
 I bless the Lord, mine are pretty well : Johnne lively, Tommee 
 a lovely, large child, and my grandson Springett a mere Saracen, 
 his sister a beauty, For news, domestic and foreign, I refer 
 thee to the bearer, above all books and persons that have gone 
 hence to you, excepting only those who have gone on truth's 
 account. We are generally well and easy. Jn, Hignal, T. Gil- 
 pin Perrin, deceased. Give my love to all Friends and to officers 
 in government ; my remembrance also to T. S. and Mary, 
 of whose care and faithfulness I have no doubt. My wife joins 
 me in the same, and to thyself, with a frequent remembrance 
 
 for the Admiralty ; famed a man of great abilities, free, it is said, from 
 prejudices or party, of integrity, friendly to Governor Penn, and as it 
 is thought, like to be a happiness to this place." 
 
 The singularity of the name has made me fancy this gentleman was 
 the son of the pious and courageous rector of Eyam, who, in discharg- 
 ing the duties of his station in a humbler sphere, appears to have been 
 actuated by the same philanthropic and Christian spirit as the good 
 Bishop of Marseilles or the humane Howard. See the first volume 
 of Anpe Seward's Letters. — L.
 
 214 PENN AND LOGAN [1703. 
 
 of thy diligence for us, and a concern that nothing is now sent 
 thee as a token thereof, which yet shall be, if possible; only I 
 have sent some hats, one for Griffith Owen, and the other in- 
 tended for Edward Shippen, which thou mayest take, with this 
 just excuse, that the brim being too narrow for his age and 
 height, I intend him one with a larger brim ; for as soon as I 
 saw it I told the friend who made it [obliterated] I thought 
 it handsome, though I pinch here, to be sure. If my son sends 
 hounds, as he has provided two or three couple of choice ones 
 for deer, foxes, and wolves, pray let care be taken of them, and 
 J. Sotcher quarter them about, as with young Biles, &c. I also 
 recommend Randall Janney to thee, about the Susquehanna 
 purchase, to use him easily and kindly therein ; of all which 
 more by my son ; but if that should prove within Baltimore 
 bounds, I should make a county for him ; but I think to fasten 
 that matter with Anthony Sharp. I add no more, but my good 
 wishes, and leave all to the secret will-ordering of my good 
 God, and close. Thy real friend, William Penn. 
 
 [Part of a letter of some of the members of council to W. Penn. 
 It has no date, but seems to belong to this period. — L.]^ 
 
 May it please the proprietary and governor, the mournful 
 account of the late lieutenant governor's decease having by this 
 time reached thee, as well from the secretary as others, we think 
 ourselves obliged to acquaint thee with the circumstances and 
 proceedings thereupon : 
 
 Soon as a council could meet after the governor's interment, 
 we published our commission, on the 4th 3d-mo., with a reso- 
 lution to act in all things absolutely necessary for the present 
 support of government, in pursuance of the powers, till further 
 provision could be made. 
 
 But not long after, viz., on the 17th of the same month, Col. 
 
 * [This appears to have been written after the 9th of 5th-mo., 1703, 
 and before the 2d of 7th-mo., 1703. Mrs. Logan subsequently states 
 that Penn's letter of 31st loth-nio., 1703, was probably an answer to 
 it. — Editor.]
 
 1703.] CORRESPONDENCE. 215 
 
 Quary produced to us, then sitting, an order of the Queen in 
 council, requiring all magistrates and officers in this government 
 to take the oath directed by the law of England, or the affirma- 
 tion allowed by the said law to Quakers ; and that no judge be 
 allowed to sit upon the bench who shall not first take the oath 
 of a judge, or, in lieu thereof, the afore-mentioned affirmation, 
 as directed by the law of England ; also, that all persons who 
 in England are obliged, or are willing, to take an oath, in any 
 public or judicial proceeding, be admitted so to do, otherwise 
 all their proceedings are declared to be null and void. 
 
 With this order, by directions from the Lords of Trade and 
 Plantations, as Col. Quary declared, all the courts in the govern- 
 ment were served successively, as they came ; from which some 
 among us, who too much make it their business to obstruct all 
 our affairs, for their own sinister ends, took occasion to endeavor 
 a stop to the proceedings of the courts at that time, notwith- 
 standing all the magistrates of this and most of the counties 
 had really taken all those oaths or affirmations, as directed by 
 the said order, upon their admission to their respective places. 
 
 But because of two of our coimties of the province, viz., 
 Chester and Bucks, it will be very difficult, and in Bucks almost 
 impossible, to find a sufficient number of fit persons to make a 
 quorum of justices, that will take or administer an oath : it will 
 be a very great hardship there to have none on the bench but 
 such as can swear; for our Friends can no more be concerned 
 in administering an oath than they can take one ; and in all 
 actions where the case pinches either party, if they can, from 
 any corner of the government, bring in an evidence that de- 
 mands an oath, the cause must either drop, or a fit number of 
 persons must be there, always, to administer it, though only, 
 perhaps, on account of such an evidence ; a hardship upon a 
 people consisting chiefly of those that cannot swear at all, that 
 we presume had never been put upon us in those cases if fully 
 understood. 
 
 The order, however, appearing positive, several powers, or 
 writs of dedimus protestatejji, for the qualification of the magis- 
 trates, were necessary, which must be issued by the council ; 
 but we ourselves not being qualified, it was objected that there
 
 2l6 PENN AND LOGAN [1703. 
 
 was a necessity for us first to take what the laws required, espe- 
 cially that enjoined by the 7th or 8th of William III. for the 
 security of trade ; for administering of which to the governor 
 of this place, a dcdiinns, under the great seal of England, is 
 directed to Col. Quary, Richard Halliwell, John Moore, and 
 Jasper Yeates, and two more absent or deceased. For answer- 
 ing this, letters were sent by us to the persons named, desiring 
 them to attend the council on the 29th 4th-mo., to which time 
 it was delayed by Col. Quary's absence, in order to discharge 
 what was enjoined by the said dediinus and order of the Queen. 
 
 Accordingly they came ; first, for some time, insisting upon 
 the surrender of, into their own hands, [that] which before had 
 been kept with the records of the government. Upon their 
 engagement to return it, it was delivered to them, and they 
 withdrew to consult what was proper for them to do. 
 
 About an hour after returning, they delivered up the dediinus 
 again, as they had engaged, but told the council that, unless 
 five of us, which number makes a quorum, would take the oath 
 in express words, as directed, they could not administer it to 
 fewer. 
 
 It was insisted on that it should be administered to such of 
 the council as could swear, who were only two, and that if 
 nothing else did, yet the Queen's order, which Col. Quary had 
 produced, gave liberty that an affirmation should be taken in 
 all cases of magistracy where the person could not take the 
 oath ; and, therefore, if such should swear who could, and the 
 others, who in conscience could not, took the affirmation as 
 required by the law of England, to the same effect, it might fully 
 answer to this, that there might be no obstruction to business 
 and the administration of justice. They were urged, but con- 
 stantly refused, and thereupon withdrew ; after which, one of 
 them, viz., Richard Halliwell, insultingly made his boast that 
 they had now laid the government on its back, and left it sprawl- 
 ing, unable to move hand or foot. 
 
 But the said dediinus being also directed to five of the council, 
 and the collector of the customs for the port of Philadelphia, as 
 well as to the others before named, we called the collector, and 
 required of him, upon the others' refusal, to discharge his duty
 
 1703.] CORRESPONDENCE. 217 
 
 in this case. But Col. Quary, having some influence over him 
 by reason of his office as surveyor-general of the river, had 
 sent to him before, and warned him not to meddle, upon which 
 he also at that time refused. 
 
 But not only some of our own lawyers, but those in the neigh- 
 borhood, viz., J. Regnier, eminent for his skill, taking some 
 pains to inform him, [said] that it was indispensably his duty to 
 administer the oath, when required, to as many as would take 
 it. Being sent for again, he complied, and on the i6th 5th-mo.- 
 administered it in council to Judge Guest and Captain Finney ; 
 and the rest of us, who could not swear, generally took and 
 subscribed an affirmation according to the law of England and 
 the Queen's order, which was the utmost we could do. 
 
 This obstruction being surmounted, much to the disappoint- 
 ment of our adversaries, we proceeded to transact what was of 
 immediate necessity before us ; but through these men's restless 
 endeavors find it extremely difficult fully to discharge the duties 
 of government incumbent upon us, they taking all advantages 
 of throwing in our way whatever may perplex us, by reason of 
 oaths and such other things as are inconsistent with the prin- 
 ciples of most of us; besides that, many things occur in the 
 administration of government according to the law of England, 
 if no immunities by our own laws must in these cases be allowed, 
 that cannot well be executed by men of our profession. 
 
 VVe doubt not but, according to the customs of these men, 
 they have been exhibiting complaints against us, occasions for 
 them being what they daily court, and when by their endeavors 
 by any means brought to bear, they greedily lay hold of them. 
 
 Governor Hamilton, last winter, issued a commission of oyer 
 and terminer for the county of Philadelphia, to Judge Guest, 
 Captain Finney, and Edward Farmer. The trials were, by com- 
 mission, required to be wholly by oaths, because some of the 
 provincial judges had been tender of trying them otherwise, 
 some of the prisoners being upon their lives ; but the attorney- 
 general (J. Moore) then left us, instead of discharging his duty 
 in prosecuting for the Queen ; rode out of town ; and such effect- 
 ual endeavors have been used with the persons impanelled 
 for the juries — being chiefly those called churchmen, and such
 
 2l8 PENN AND LOGAN [1703. 
 
 as would take oaths — that not one of them would serve, but 
 positively refused. The same methods have also been used in 
 Philadelphia to prevent all persons from enlisting themselves in 
 the militia under the said governor's commission last year; yet 
 we arc credibly informed that they have complained as well of 
 the small appearance of men in the militia as of the people 
 being tried only by affirmation, though those complainants them- 
 selves were the causes of both. 
 
 Their plot is to have the whole ministry to be in confusion, 
 and that thereupon it will be absolutely necessary to be taken 
 into the Queen's more immediate care: to this end they magnify 
 every small occurrence when they can have the least ground, 
 and scruple not to make, where they find none, as Col. Quary 
 has lately done to the Lord Cornbury in a letter, as that noble- 
 man himself declared, affirming that we were reduced to such 
 confusion that we had no government at all, or to that effect ; 
 with a design to induce that lord, who we presume has more 
 honor, to represent it home upon Ouary's information, that it 
 may there gain the greater credit; but should it be so represented, 
 we affirm 'tis positively false, and shall take occasion to acquaint 
 the Lord Cornbury accordingly. 
 
 It is also intended, we are informed, to be made the subject 
 of a complaint, that one Burges, lieutenant to Captain Pulleyn, 
 
 commander of the ,^ Captain Dampiers's companion in his 
 
 intended expedition to the South Seas, lately brought in a prize 
 that the said ship had taken in the Canaries, laden with wheat, 
 into our capes, and that the said Burges going on shore at Lewes 
 was not seized with his ship ; she had twelve guns and fifteen 
 men, mostly English, and though there was no reason to dis- 
 credit the master and men's reports, yet it was believed they 
 had left Captain Pulleyn upon some unfair design, an account 
 of this being brought to Philadelphia, in the worst dress, whilst 
 the Lord Cornbury was here on his visit to us from Burlington, 
 on his accession to his government : there, upon a consultation 
 with the said Lord Cornbury, it was thought fit that he, as vice- 
 admiral of Jersey, should issue his commission for seizing and 
 bringing her up, and that a vessel and men for that end be fur- 
 
 ^ [Blank in Mrs. Logan's copy. — Editor.]
 
 1703.] CORRESPONDENCE. 219 
 
 nished from this place, in order to which preparations were 
 forthwith made, but another vessel cruising up the river brought 
 advice that the prize had sailed ; and we since hear by the 
 post from New York that the said Capt. Burges had carried her 
 in thither, and is to have her legally condemned as his prize. 
 
 One would admire what consequences could be drawn from 
 hence, but we understand the complaint is, that she might as 
 well have proved a rogue as honest, and therefore the county 
 should have seized her, according to the advice of the collector 
 there, who being youthful and active was very brisk in endeav- 
 oring it, though not with so ready a concurrence as desired 
 from the inhabitants, who, perceiving her to be no enemy and 
 of some force, were unwilling, as we are informed, to expose 
 themselves in a hazardous undertaking without seeing any rea- 
 sonable cause for it, or any probability of advantage or safety from 
 it. We, indeed, of Philadelphia, upon the first information feared 
 that it might prove worse, for it was represented to us under 
 some surprise, which caused these preparations : our readiness 
 towards which the said Lord Cornbury promised he would say 
 to the Queen, or ministry; but the whole proving better than 
 expected, and the vessel being gone, it dropped : only we have 
 thought fit to turn out the sheriff of that place, upon complaint 
 of his refractory behavior to the collector, in this and some 
 other cases; but if he or any other there be found deficient in 
 their duty, we hope these are some of the men who employed 
 Col. Quary in their behalf to complain against thee and this 
 government, and therefore will not be imputed to the Quakers 
 here, there not being at that time above one in the place, for 
 Wm. Clark was then, as now, at Philadelphia. 
 
 However, because occasions are continually taken from our 
 circumstances, chiefly upon our late governor's decease, all 
 which might have been we hope effectually stopped upon the 
 arrival of his approbation by the Queen, had he lived, we must 
 earnestly request thee that thou wouldst procure some fit per- 
 son, of moderation and temper, who can fully comply in all 
 points of government with the law of England, to be approved 
 by the Queen, and take the government wholly upon him ; that 
 such men as those — Col. Quary and John Moore especially we 
 mean — who have no interest, not one foot of real estate that
 
 220 PENN AND LOGAN [1703. 
 
 we know of in the place, but seek the overthrow of the first 
 adventurers here for their own sinister ends, may not lonj^cr 
 insult over us, nor be suffered to make continual war upon the 
 just rights and privileges of both thyself and the people. And 
 we beseech thee more effectually to represent our case, with thy 
 own, to our sovereign, the Queen, whose justice and tenderness 
 to all her loving subjects we are well assured would lead her, 
 if acquainted with our circumstances, to protect us from the 
 designs of those men, who for the sake of aggrandizing them- 
 selves by places, without any regard for the true interest of her 
 colonies, endeavor to deprive us of our just rights, and injuri- 
 ously become, in a great measure, the masters of the toil and 
 labors of an industrious people, who first embarked in a design 
 of settling this colony, in a full expectation of enjoying the priv- 
 ileges first proposed to them, without infraction. None are 
 more willing to pay obedience to the crown, in all things 
 in our power, none can acquit themselves with more fidelity ; 
 and thefore we would in all humility hope we shall not be ex- 
 cluded from any share of our royal mistress's benign influence 
 that others of her subjects happily enjoy, and that thou also 
 would be favorably pleased to use thy endeavors for obtaining 
 it, not only for thy own just interest, but for those also of the 
 people that have embarked with thee, and, among the rest, of thy 
 most faithful friends, 
 
 Edward Shippen, William Clark, 
 
 Griffith Owen, Caleb Pusey, 
 
 Samuel Carpenter, Thomas Story. 
 
 James Logan to William Penn. 
 
 Philadelphia, 2d Septejnber, 1703. 
 Honored Governor: — By Edward Shippen and Capt. Puckle, 
 who sailed hence about the beginning of the 5th-mo., and from 
 Virginia about the end of it, besides my larger packets, I had 
 just time from New Castle to inform of Judge Mompesson's 
 arrival in the Messenger, and Randal Janney in the Jolly Galley, 
 since which are also arrived young Lock and Millar, all our
 
 1703.] CORRESPONDENCE. 221 
 
 own vessels from London ; the last not till six weeks after the 
 first: Wm. Burge also, in J. Guy, a vessel of our own from 
 Milford ; so that we have six safely arrived, a happiness that 
 neither New En^rland nor York can boast. 
 
 Affairs of government I shall not now so closely meddle 
 with, leaving it to the large letter signed by the council, only 
 must still press thee to furnish us with a lieutenant governor 
 with all possible expedition, otherwise thy interests will suffer; 
 for through Gov. Hamilton's decease, and the Queen's late order, 
 we are exceedingly perplexed, and much admire at thy entire 
 silence of the latter : if thou hast never seen it, a copy comes 
 inclosed : it has, through the restless endeavors of our adversa- 
 ries, who take all opportunities to work on the weak side of 
 such in the magistracy as they can prevail on, given us great 
 trouble, and occasions adjournments of our courts most unac- 
 countably in the province ; but in the territories, where they are 
 mostly jurors, there is no obstruction, but all things regular. 
 
 I mentioned in my last by way of Boston, 9th 5th-mo., the 
 necessity I thought there would be for a new commission to 
 the council, but now fear the adverse party have received so 
 much encouragement and hopes from the Lord Cornbury's late 
 visit to this place, that it will be difficult to engage any of the 
 churchmen to serve ; and the impossibility of giving Judge Mom- 
 pesson sufficient encouragement to settle among us, till an 
 assembly can be held, will, I doubt, with the endeavors used for 
 that purpose at York, keep that gentleman too much from 
 among us to be sufficient to our advantage, or to answer the 
 designs of making him our president.^ 
 
 He is now returning from Boston, but will stay at York till 
 their supreme court is over, which will be in 8br. If any en- 
 couragement offer, however, he will, I suppose, winter with us, 
 being well satisfied Vith the place; he is ingenious, able, honest, 
 and might be a great blessing to us could we enjoy it. 
 
 The Lord Cornbury on the lOth or iith ult. published his 
 commission for the Jerseys at Amboy, and on the 13th at Bur- 
 
 ^ [That is, of the council. — Editor.]
 
 222 PENN AND LOGAN [l703- 
 
 lington. E. Shippen, with \V. Clark and most of the council, 
 and a number of Friends — about twenty — went to wait on him 
 at Burlington, on the 13th, but not being arrived so soon as we, 
 we met him three miles beyond the town. Col. Quary with a 
 party of his gang went out the day before, and met him at 
 Page's. He lodged at Tatham's^ House, and was entertained by 
 
 ' Lord Cornbury, in his progress from Amboy, must have passed Bur- 
 lington and have crossed the river into Pennsylvania, to have lodged 
 at Tatham's house, which was in Bucks County on the Neshaminy. 
 The estate was afterwards called Trevor, the seat of Joseph Gal- 
 loway, Esq., in right of his wife, the daughter of Lawrence Grow- 
 don, Esq. — L. 
 
 [Mrs. Logan appears to have inferred that Lord Cornbury crossed 
 the Delaware into Bucks County, Pennsylvania, because a house 
 belonging to Mr. Tatham was situated in that county. We are 
 of opinion that the property referred to by her was that which 
 was the subject of the legal proceedings of which we shall presently 
 speak. The house in which Cornbury lodged was probably that 
 belonging to the heirs of John Tatham, and which, in 171 1, was pur- 
 chased of one of them by the Society for the Propagation of the Gos- 
 pel. It stood in Burlington, and at the time of Cornbury's visit was 
 in the occupation of Thomas Revel, who never was a resident of Bucks 
 County. John Tatham was appointed in 1690, by the proprietaries, 
 governor of the Jerseys. Smith says he was a "Jacobite, ' but did 
 not know whether he resided in East or West Jersey. 
 
 The proceedings of which we have spoken are'those mentioned in the 
 minutes of the Provincial Council of December 11, 1704. "A petition 
 from Thomas Revel, at Burlington, in the province New Jersey, executor 
 in trust and guardian for the children of John Tatham, late of Burlington 
 aforesaid, esqr., and of Elizab., his wife, deceased, was read, showing 
 that the petit, in behalf of the aforesaid children, having commenced 
 an action against Jos. Growdon, of this province, about the title of a 
 certain tract of land in Bucks, possessed by the said Joseph, and had 
 served him with a declaration in ejectment, at y« court of the said 
 county, and waited for a tryal for near 3 years, yet was put off from court 
 to court, and at length positively denyed ; whereupon, he prays that 
 some effectual means may be ordered to bring the matter to a fair 
 hearing and tryal. 
 
 "Ordered, that John Moore, attorney for the said Revel, and David 
 Lloyd, attorney for the said Growdon, be ordered to attend 3d-day 
 next week, that the matter of the said petition may be further inquired 
 into." 
 
 The final action of the council does not appear, but the reason given 
 for hitherto resisting a trial is curious, and more particularly so consider- 
 ing the source from which it came. "John Moore, in behalf of the 
 vetitioner, informed the board what endeavors has been used to bring the
 
 1703.] CORRESPONDENCE. 223 
 
 T. Revel there. Next morning, Col. Quary, with the rest of the 
 churchmen, congratulated him, having the easiest access, and 
 afterwards presented an address from the vestry of Philadelphia, 
 who now consist, I think, of twenty-four, requesting his patron- 
 age to the church, and closing with a prayer that he would be- 
 seech the Queen, as I was credibly informed, to extend his gov- 
 ernment over this province ; and Col. Quary also, in his first 
 congratulatory address, said they hoped they also should be 
 partakers of the happiness Jersey enjoyed in his government 
 
 In answer to the vestry's address, he spoke what was proper 
 from a churchman, to the main design of it, for he is very good 
 at extemporary speeches ; and to their last request, that it was 
 their business — meaning to address the Queen, I suppose — but 
 that when his mistress would be pleased to lay her commands 
 on him, he would obey them with alacrity. Edward Shippen, 
 with the council and other friends present, also addressed him, 
 inviting him civilly to Philadelphia, and to take up at his old 
 lodging there, viz., his house ; but he replied that Col. Quary 
 had engaged him long before at New York, to be his guest 
 when he came this way, otherwise he should willingly accept 
 of it; but he had last year given him and me but too much 
 trouble, for which he heartily thanked us. I invited him also 
 to make use of thy barge, which, upon that occasion, believing 
 it must soon after, if not then, be done for Mr. Wm., I had 
 caused to be launched, new caulked, and painted, a repair abso- 
 lutely necessary to her, for she was hurt with lying dry ; and I 
 now design to keep her floating in a dock or gut, and build a 
 shed over her; but being Col. Quary's guest, he did not accept 
 of her, upon which I sent her directly to Penn.sbury. 
 
 Perceiving this, I could not but be moved at it ; and going to 
 S. Jennings, with some warmth, I wrote him a letter, of which 
 a copy is inclosed, and very soon after had it presented. I know 
 not whethei it may please thee, but showing it to such members 
 
 matter in difference to a tryal, by a declaration in ejectment ; and David 
 Lloyd, in behalf of the defendant, argued that that method of trial 
 being fictitious was inconsistent with our laws, and offered other 
 methods," &c., &c. — 2 Col. Records, 179, 180; 5 Doc. relating to 
 Colonial Hist, of New York, 316; Smith's Hist. New Jersey, 191. — 
 Editor.]
 
 224 PENN AND LOGAN [1703. 
 
 of the council as wore at hand, and others of the best judgment, 
 whom I could confide in, it met with an entire approbation, 
 though done in more haste than was suitable for such an attempt. 
 That night he came to Philadelphia. The next day, being the 
 first of the week, he went to their worship. The same day 
 came an account of a ship below,^ mentioned in the council's 
 letter, favorably represented at first, but worse after; upon which, 
 early next morning, a council met, and came to the conclusion 
 there mentioned, but first resolved, as a council, to wait on and 
 consult with the Lord Cornbury, who had taken great notice of 
 the report, and sent for S. Rowland, who brought the infornTa- 
 tion ; which report, and our inability to take effectual measures 
 upon it, failed not of being highly aggravated by Col. Quary 
 and those about him ; but after the resolution taken, and en- 
 couragement given, as desired, for getting a sufficient number 
 of hands, a vessel very happily came up the river, and in- 
 formed that the ship had sailed five days before. That day he 
 dined at J. Moore's, who had prevented Edward Shippen's sec- 
 ond invitation, by being too early for him ; and I waited on 
 him, after dinner, to learn his sentiments about the ship ; sat 
 down in the company, where a discourse arose of the Indians, 
 and a complaint was made of J. Le Tort returning from Canada, 
 as I mentioned in that per E. Shippen, jr., and being suffered to 
 live at large; as also of P. Barzalion, who by chance was then 
 in town. Going out, I unexpectedly met J. Le Tort about the 
 door, passing by, whom I therefore brought in, requesting the 
 Lord Cornbury himself to examine him, as we, I told him, had 
 effectually done before. I told him also that all the French 
 traders in the country were then in town; and seeing those 
 gentlemen had been so ready to complain, I put it to them to 
 say what they could advise to be done with them ; but till much 
 urged to it, they were very silent. Upon the whole, the Lord 
 Cornbury, thinking it too hard to confine them in close durance, 
 advised us to take security of them for their good behavior 
 toward the government, and forthcoming when called for, which 
 I promised, or that, upon refusal, they should be confined. 
 
 ' [See 2 Col. Rec, p. 98. — Editor.]
 
 1703.] CORRESPONDENCE. 22$ 
 
 Next morning the council sitting, they gave security, in ^^500 
 each. E. Farmer stood for J. Le Tort, and T. Murray for P. 
 Bazalion. That morning Lord Cornbury breakfasted with 
 Edward Shippen, and was handsomely entertained, after which 
 he returned to Burlington, accompanied with Col. Quary and 
 others, in a boat, and Edward Shippen, W. Clark, Judge Guest, 
 and myself in another, with several other boats. There we left 
 him. As to my using the style of my lord in the letter, 't is 
 no more than what S. Jennings and other Friends here frequently 
 do. 
 
 'Tis now but manifest, I think, that he designs to have this 
 government, if to be effected, annexed to his; and no doubt his 
 backing Quary's representations will be a great strength to the 
 design. This appears by his ordering the collector of Lewes, 
 who, intending hither from thence the next day after the said ship 
 came in there, but upon her account staid somewhat longer, 
 came up very soon after, to draw up a narrative of the whole 
 matter, and deliver it to Col. Quary, which he did, not ver}'' 
 partially I believe. Copies of this narrative the said Quary has 
 taken with him to Virginia, for which place he set out from 
 hence yesterday. He is of the council for Jersey, opposed 
 Friends there much, and endeavored to obstruct S. Jennings, 
 Francis Davenport, and George Deacon, nominated for the coun- 
 cil by the Queen, to be admitted, unless they would swallow 
 the abjuration oath, totideni verbis, but was opposed by Lewis 
 Morris, first of the council, who hates him and all his party; all 
 of note in East Jersey also are of the same mind, and repine 
 at the yoke they have brought upon themselves in joining with 
 those of York in their prayers, who groan to find their deliverer 
 prove so heavy. Many would be glad the Queen, his cousin, 
 would be graciously pleased to give him a better post, nearer 
 home, being touched that no man of sense can be admitted near 
 him ; for though really a man of good parts himself, he has not 
 one such about him. Besides that, a great man has great neces- 
 sities. The commission for the Jerseys startled all that heard 
 it published, who can entertain a thought above either being 
 slaves themselves, or making others so, for their own sacri- 
 legious lucre. 
 
 VOL. I. — 16
 
 226 PENN AND LOGAN [1703. 
 
 Bass^ acts in quality of a secretary, much against the good 
 liking of most of note in that government. Those of Jersey 
 resolved to oppose the records being put in his hands to their 
 utmost. Lewis Morris broke his head the first day they met, 
 which they say gave offence, being then both of the company 
 that waited on their governor. He is come over without his 
 commission, which exposes him to the ridicule of his enemies. 
 
 He reports here that thou art making terms for thy govern- 
 ment, and demands of the Queen ^10,000 to surrender. The 
 thought of having rascals and such birds of prey set over us 
 would congeal any honest man's blood ; but were it possible 
 for a man of honor to be advanced at court, or any but hungry 
 starvelings to be sent hither, thou would not lose by a good 
 composition. But then care should be taken, I hope, of the im- 
 munities of the people, and thy own interest, otherwise we are 
 unhappy. 
 
 In this state of war. Friends cannot possibly hold it : the 
 enemy round us is very vigilant and industrious in debauching 
 
 ^[Col. Jeremiah Basse in 1698 succeeded Hamilton as governor of 
 the Jerseys, the government having passed into the hands of the crown. 
 His authority to act was, however, questioned, because his appoint- 
 ment had not received his Majesty's approval, although it appears he 
 had been tacitly recognized by the Lords of Trade. His career was 
 far from being peaceful, although probably the conduct of others may 
 have as much contributed to this result as his own. He appears to 
 have enjoyed varying degrees of popularity ; he was at one time sec- 
 retary of the province, and at another surveyor of the customs at Bur- 
 lington. After his removal to the county of Cape May, he became a 
 member of the Assembly of 17 16, and in 17 19 the attorney-general 
 of the province. He was a strenuous supporter of the commercial 
 privileges of Perth Amboy as a port of entry over those of New York, 
 having issued a proclamation in support of them in defiance of the pro- 
 clamation of the Earl of Bellomont ; from this circumstance several 
 merchants, about 1698, left the former place and removed to Perth 
 Amboy, with the "object of importing all sorts of merchandise free from 
 duty." He died in 1725, and bequeathed to the church of St. Mary, 
 at Burlington, and to Christ Church, at Philadelphia, should the former 
 be without a rector, a legacy to secure the preaching of two sermons 
 yearly, that is, upon Easter Sunday and Whitsunday, the subject to be 
 a topic mentioned in his will. The reader will find some additional 
 information concerning this person in Whitehead's " East Jersey under 
 the Proprietors," and in "Documents Relating to the Colonial History 
 of New York. — Prov. Courts of N. J., by Hon. R. S. Field."— 
 Editor.]
 
 1703.] CORRESPONDENCE. 227 
 
 the Indians. By last post we liave accounts from New England 
 that the French and Indians, joining to the eastward, have cut off 
 several settlements, and killed and carried away 150 souls, a 
 sore, unexpected blow.' The governor having, even this sum- 
 mer, made peace by a solemn treaty with those very savages 
 who have been chiefly concerned in the mischief. They are at 
 open war with them now, having proclaimed it at Boston about 
 fifteen days ago. The French have also settled among the Five 
 Nations, now at peace with them, and have their emissaries 
 everywhere round us ; those of Connecticut also are like to 
 break with the English there, as letters by the same post inform 
 us. Indian Harry, of Conostogoe, is now here, and acquaints 
 us with the great endeavors of the French, but I have not fully 
 discoursed with him. Lord Cornbury is now going to Albany 
 to meet the Five Nations, the middle of this month, by appoint- 
 ment ; but at the same some of their chiefs, we are told, are coming 
 hither to treat about the death of the king, that died at Lechay 
 (Lehigh) about three years ago. I cannot guess the meaning 
 of it as yet, nor like their absence from Albany, by design, at 
 this juncture. There have certainly been spies among us lately, 
 and Canada, unless effectually prevented by an attack up^n 
 themselves, are likely to make all these colonies in a little time 
 very uneasy. I speak not this through any cowardly apprehen- 
 sions : I set a distance on it to others, for, seeing we are no 
 ways able to take any measures to secure ourselves, to own the 
 danger is but to expose us ; but men of sense see it too well, 
 and when we are so highly charged, as we are lately, especially 
 
 ' [While other colonies and provinces were ravaged, ours always 
 escaped any general slaughter and devastation : an exemption due to 
 the policy of peace inaugurated by the proprietary and continued bv 
 his successors. Repeated acts of hospitality, the frequent renewals of 
 treaties of friendship, and the persistent good offices of the " Friendly 
 Association," kept alive the remembrance of this policy of peace, and 
 though its permanency was at one time threatened by a breach of faith 
 and an act of overreaching ever to be deplored, bloodshed fortunately 
 did not follow. The Indian of that day, always sagacious, observant, 
 and reflective, knew whom to censure, and never forgot the kindness 
 of those who, with some sacrifice, and much odium, misconception, 
 and misrepresentation, steadfastly and consistently, for conscience' 
 sake, adhered to the faith and practice of the founder. — Editor.]
 
 228 PENN AND LOGAN [1703. 
 
 by Sir Thomas Lawrence, Doctor Brid<^es. of York, and some 
 others at J. M.'s table, while I was there, before Lord Cornbury. 
 I wish thee could find more to say for our lying so naked and 
 defenceless. I always used the best argument I could, and when 
 I pleaded that we were a peaceable people, had wholly renounced 
 war, and the spirit of it; that we were willing to commit our- 
 selves to the protection of God alone, in an assurance that the 
 sword can neither be drawn, nor sheathed but by his direction; 
 that the desolations made by it are the declaration of his wrath 
 alone, and that those who will not [use] the sword, but, by an 
 entire resignation commit themselves to his all-powerful provi- 
 dence, shall never need it, but be safe under a more sure defence 
 than any worldly arm — when I pleaded this, I really spoke my 
 sentiments ; but this will not answer in English government, nor 
 the methods of this reign. Their answer is, that should we lose 
 our lives only, it would be little to the crown, seeing 't is our 
 doing, but others are involved with us, and should the enemy 
 make themselves master of the country it would too sensibly 
 touch England in the rest of her colonies. This must be 
 weighed, but still I hope some measures may be taken as will 
 prevent these base men from becoming our masters. 
 
 But what shall we say ? Almighty Providence seems to be. 
 preparing the most dreadful scenes throughout the universe. 
 Rage and fury are commissioned to carry desolation through 
 the earth, and few will be the doors, I doubt, it will not visit. 
 The most secure may find their enemies, and the most naked be 
 protected. Austria, one would have thought, lay safely to the 
 westward, and that as well as France, waging a distant war, no 
 only theirconfines need to fear a disturbance near them, yet both 
 we see, have got an enemy, one within their bowels, and the 
 other close adjoining. The whole earth, I believe, at least what 
 is miscalled the Christian world, must undergo a universal visita- 
 tion and be shaken together like brittle potsherds : happy are 
 they who can look up to and behold the hand of the Lord in it, 
 and, throwing their whole confidence on him alone, pray that 
 his will be done whatever becomes of us, and his great work be 
 effected. 'Tis He that has lighted a fire in the nations, and will 
 purge the lands ; but whether 'tis those of the inner court that
 
 1703] CORRESPONDENCE. 229 
 
 are to be gathered, or those of the outer to be scattered, 
 He only knows ; but I believe the latter, that the other may 
 stand to be a witness for his name that righteousness may not 
 be entirely swept from the earth, or the knowledge of him from 
 among the people. 
 
 The Lord make those in this province truly his own, and such 
 as are called by his name to be truly his. I believe we shall 
 be secure in a true dependence upon him, and take not up the 
 sword. But those men of arms will be amongst us, and then 
 will be the trial from them on the one hand, and the enemy, I 
 doubt not, on the other ; and this must be, that those who bear 
 his name may be proved. But this discourse will come very 
 unexpectedly from me, and I suppose, and is, beside my busi- 
 ness ; yet I can truly say 't is what has often filled my heart ; 
 and I have been made a witness of the necessity of retiring 
 from the world and withdrawing our hearts from all human 
 dependencies, and hope it will please God to extend his good- 
 ness towards me to a consummation of grace. 
 
 Having spent so much on the preceding, I shall now be briefer ; 
 only must add on the subject of government, that last third- 
 day, the 31st ult., being court day at Chester, a dcdivius was sent 
 from the council, directed to one Walter Martin, a sober, good 
 man, to administer the affirmations, &c., required by the Queen's 
 order, copies of all which, being that of fidelity, that of abjur- 
 ing the Pope's supremacy, and the test, were sent down to him 
 before, with another dcdiimts to qualify the magistrates of the 
 corporation. The judges presenting the dcdinms to him, he 
 readily agreed to discharge what was enjoined, and went to 
 Jasper Yeates for those copies which he had left there, but there 
 met with arguments and persuasions which prevailed on him to 
 the contrary : the chief was, that there was another oath besides 
 those now sent, viz., that of the abjuration of the Prince of 
 Wales, son of James H., which he must administer also ; and be- 
 cause this was not sent with the rest, he could administer none ; 
 but that oath, or the act that enjoined it, not extending to us, 
 unless she should positively order it, as she has done in the 
 commission to Lord Cornbury, none here are under an obli- 
 gation to take it. 'Tis true, in Jersey they take it, because
 
 230 PENX AND LOGAN [1703. 
 
 required in the commission. This was a strenuous endeavor to 
 prevent the court sitting, that so they may be strengthened in 
 their complaint, and represent us as in confusion. 
 
 That is their whole plot. Some of them pretend authority 
 from the Lords of Trade to inspect our actions, and use this 
 authority to no other end than to perplex and disturb our 
 government; and sure we are in a miserable case if no care be 
 taken of us from home but for our destruction, and none be 
 employed among us but our professed adversaries. Sure our 
 superiors cannot intentionally be such hard masters. We hold 
 our courts notwithstanding, I hope in spite of all their endea- 
 vors, though their whole study be our ruin 
 
 [The writer, in reference to the seizure of Butterworth's vessel 
 and of some contraband goods put on board, observes :] 
 
 If they complain of any in the government here, in this affair, 
 I will prove them to be in this, as in the rest, unworthy, base 
 men. We take all possible care to avoid giving occasions ; but 
 men study to find them, and, if they cannot, make them of 
 nothing, whatever be the consequence. I wrote, in my first per 
 the Messenger, I can do nothing in the old Spaniard's business,' 
 for those it was left with never did anything after thou wast 
 gone ; and Governor Hamilton, though I never pressed any- 
 thing more in my life in this government, still neglected it, that 
 is, did not more than thou hast already heard, viz., offered, before 
 S. Perez, his interpreter, to assign him counsel, who should, gratis, 
 prosecute his action ; but he would not stay nor accept of it. 
 This the governor thought fully acquitted the government, as 
 doubtless it did, and therefore never touched it further. Through 
 the hurry of business at that time, I was a stranger to the ex- 
 aminations. I will see, however, what Isaac Norris can do. 
 
 I do not know how we can empower Wm. Hall, of Salem. 
 We must first, I suppose, clear it of Dr. Coxe's claim, who is 
 now big against the Quakers, and Lord Cornbury's great friend. 
 In West Jersey they are making a new purchase from the In- 
 dians, in which thou wilt have a considerable share. Samuel 
 
 ' This, and Lumbey's case, so often mentioned in these letters, may 
 serve to show the anxiety of William Penn that none should suffer 
 injustice under his government. — L.
 
 1703.] CORRESPONDENCE. 23I 
 
 Jennings demands £y$ of me for thy proportion, which, by 
 some means or other. I shall furnish him with. He will not, I 
 hope, neglect thy interest. 
 
 When I meet with anything fit for presents, 1 will secure it. 
 I have now sent one Indian painted buckskin, in a present by 
 itself, directed to thee, and shall send others as they offer. 
 
 There are no cranberries now. Melons would not keep ten 
 days ; and the freight of apples would be intolerable, to pay 
 
 40 shillings for a barrel I thank thee for thy tender 
 
 advice, and hope I shall observe it, and that it will please 
 God to raise and continue in me a true sense of the state of 
 things 
 
 [The next paragraph contains an account of the difference 
 between Thomas Story and himself, in which he thought him- 
 self unworthily used, and adds :] There was no help for its 
 being made public, unless I would submit to the highest injustice 
 against myself. I would willingly have referred it to indiffer- 
 ent persons to judge between us, but nothing but a public meet- 
 ing, or to answer his peremptory demands at once, would do. I 
 should not mention this, were it not already too public ; and 
 do it to my grief, not on my own account, for I am well satisfied 
 that in the close it will do me more good than hurt, but for the 
 
 sake of public affairs ; in these, however, we never clash 
 
 It will be all over, I hope, before thy son's arrival, who, I fear, 
 may be injured by it, and therefore would rather have him soft- 
 ened towards him, notwithstanding T. S.'s bitterness towards 
 me.^ .... 
 
 I hope thy son will square to the seriousness of the best peo- 
 ple here ; if not, I shall be exposed to great difBculties. I shall 
 do my utmost for his advantage, and would indeed be willing 
 to suffer in some measure for him if he were benefited by it. 
 .... We have observed orders about the company's land, but 
 I would advise thee not to expect or depend on their releasing 
 any part of their bargain unless thou canst procure it from under 
 
 ^ This difference was afterwards reconciled, when they corresponded 
 on religious and philosophical subjects. — L.
 
 232 PENN AND LOGAN [I'/OS- 
 
 their hands and seals; otherwise, when thou art gone, thy deed 
 will absolutely take place against those that succeed thee, 
 and may occasion great confusion. T. F. has been as favorable 
 as possible in laying it out, but the manors, lots, and liberty 
 land being expressly named without scaled releases, are not to 
 be dispensed with. Pray take the opportunity before this pro- 
 perty be changed by other sales. 
 
 Friends have again made application for George Fox's gift, 
 and I have proposed their acceptance of a lot on the front, and 
 another on the High Street, with their proportion of liberty land 
 as other purchasers have, all of which I hope we shall find for 
 them, and more than this I hope they will not crave : they now 
 seem inclinable to this (accommodation.) .... 
 
 I know not whether Samuel Carpenter writes to thee by this 
 opportunity. He has been much depressed of late in his spirits, 
 about his incumbrances, which are heavy, for he pays no less 
 than ^ per annum interest, as I judge from his own in- 
 formation. He has been very plain with me, though with but 
 few others. He begs us, if possible, to take some measures to 
 answer his draft on Josh. Grove, for he thinks he cannot him- 
 self do it. The great damp on trade, and the sale of land dis- 
 courages him of the first. He has had very little this year. 
 His undertaking in Bucks ^ has oppressed him much. I must 
 
 ^ [This is blank in Mrs. Logan's copy. — Editor.] 
 
 "^ There is a curious letter extant from Samuel Carpenter to his friend 
 Jonathan Dickinson, giving a particular account of this improvement, 
 which, as it tends to show the state of such things at the time, I am 
 tempted to subjoin. The letter is dated 1705. — L. 
 
 " 1 understand by Isaac Norris, that thou art inclined to purchase 
 something in this province for thy children, and it having been my 
 lot to lay out myself much in this country, so that upon the falling off 
 of trade and losses and disappointments many ways I have of late, and 
 my endeavors to sell what I can to pay off debts, and, if it please God 
 to spare my life, to disencumber myself before I die, which is, and 
 hath been, very burdensome to me, so that, although I am possessed 
 of a considerable estate, I am very uneasy, and look upon myself as 
 very unhappy, and worse than those that are out of debt, although but 
 mean, or have but little of this world's goods. My exercise and 
 trouble is greater in that I find it a difficult matter to sell, though to 
 a loss, there being but few able to buy, whereas, if I had such an 
 estate in other countries, I -might soon sell to pay my debts, and have 
 enough to spare. The occasion of these are to make thee an offer of
 
 1703] CORRESPONDENCE. 233 
 
 draw to a close, but crave leave once more to beseech thee to 
 make speedy provision for the government, and ease Friends 
 
 some things that I have, viz., a parcel of corn-mills and saw-mills at 
 Bristol, over against Burlington. I think it was called Buckingham 
 when thou wast here, within less than a quarter of a mile of the river 
 Delaware, upon a creek where a vessel of good burthen may come to 
 the tail of the mills to load or unload. There are at present two wheels 
 and four cutter stones, and I intend another wheel, and one or two 
 pair more of stones. The saw-mill and the corn-mill * in the same is 
 new built, and the other corn-mills newly repaired, and are good 
 The dimensions of the saw-mill are 32 feet broad and 70 feet long 
 and stands on a bank somewhat like that of Philadelphia, where the 
 water, when at highest, has about eight or nine feet head, and five 
 feet fall, which is between thirteen and fourteen feet in all, to speak 
 within compass. After it has passed through the saw-mill it comes to 
 the corn-mill, an undershot, and grinds very well, so that we generally 
 saw and grind together with the same water. We have two cranks 
 upon the shaft of the saw-mill wheel, and two carriages, and can cut 
 with one saw seven or eight hundred feet of inch boards in a day, and 
 more sometimes, when the water is high, timber good and well fol- 
 lowed, viz., 1,000 feet or more. With two saws together she will cut 
 12 or 15 hundred feet in a day, or in about 12 hours' time. There is 
 belonging to these mills a pretty stream of water and constant supply 
 to the corn-mills unless in a very dry summer ; we sometimes are 
 scant at the latter end of the summer, as many other mills are : last 
 summer, and the summer and winter before, it was very dry, and we 
 wanted at the latter end of the summer, but now we have enough, and 
 so it is likely to continue. We have a large pond course, 'two or three 
 hundred acres of ground, which is a great benefit to the mills. Hitherto 
 we have not had full experience of what quantity of water we may have 
 for the saw-mills yearly, but suppose we have enough to saw six months 
 in a year, at least, it may be eight months or more, in which time sup- 
 pose we may saw 150 or. 200 thousand of boards, as the water may 
 continue. I suppose the profits or earnings from the saw-mills may 
 be near ;^4oo a year, and from the corn-mills, now corn is low, 
 ^250 a year, or ;^65o, out of which take one-third for tending, 
 is near £,'2.20 ; add jC^-^p a year for charges besides, (there) ^-emains 
 about p^4oo, which is the interest of _;^5,ooo. 
 
 Besides these mills I have the islands that lie over against Burling- 
 ton, adjacent a considerable quantity of lands and town lots, the whole 
 being about 2,000 acres ; the islands have about 350 acres, of which 
 about one half may be made meadow; at present there is about twenty 
 or thirty acres meadow ; besides other meadow lands and pretty 
 considerable improvements, and also a considerable quantity may be 
 watered from the pond and will make good meadow, lying below the 
 water to the quantity from 50 to 100 acres. There is a considerable 
 quantity of white-oak timber upon part of the land to accommodate 
 
 * [The word " corn " was at this time used as applicable only to wheat, as now in 
 England, and Indian corn was then called "maize." — Editor.]
 
 234 PENN AND LOGAN [1703. 
 
 of the intolerable hardships they lie under, in things their prin- 
 ciples will not suffer them to be free in, as oaths and arms. The 
 
 the saw-mill, for which end I bought the land where it stands, and the 
 most of it is about three miles from the mills; it may with a reason- 
 able charge, by making another pond, be floated down two miles, and 
 some of it more, through the ponds to the mills, at a little charge of 
 land carriage. I cannot be accurate in the quantity, but I have not 
 seen a finer parcel in my travels, and I may modestly compute it to 
 make several thoiKand when cut into ship plank and other scantling; 
 and there is no danger but timber may be had in time to come, both 
 oak and pine, floated up or down the river to the tail of the mills; it is 
 wanted to supply Philadelphia in great quantities, and now more than 
 ever. The next material conveniency is that these mills stand in a 
 town but about a mile and a quarter from Burlington, and twenty 
 from Philadelphia; and the corn-mills are well accustomed, and the 
 towns and country adjacent and Philadelphia will take off the boards, 
 scantling, plank, &c., for housework, ship, and joiners. We sell one- 
 inch boards at the mill at 8 shillings per 100, at which rate we have 
 four shillings or better for cutting. For good mills of both sorts, 
 lands and meadows, situation and all things considered, there is not 
 the like in these parts, and I believe if thou wast here, thou would 
 like it as well, if not better than anything thou mayst find in this coun- 
 try. Because I am, as I said before, much in debt, I would sell the 
 whole or one half, which thou please. I believe it stands me in about 
 five thousand pounds, and is worth more, being, besides the yearly in- 
 come of the mills, a growing estate ; but being under necessity, I would 
 sell to lose rather than miss so good a chapman and partner as thyself. 
 I desire thee to consider of it, and if thou hast any inclination thou 
 mayst write to some friends to view and learn the true value of these 
 things, which I think may be understood without much difficulty. The 
 largest of the above said islands is about a mile in length, and half a 
 mile in breadth ; and suppose it may contain about 300 acres, near 
 100 upland, the rest swamp and cripple that high tides flow over, 
 but may with a moderate charge be laid dry and make good meadow. 
 I have thought of stopping a creek which I suppose will lay dry 100 
 of it. There is a fine mulberry walk, and an orchard, and a tenement 
 on it, and a very pleasant place ; it is just against the High Street of 
 Burlington, and hardly half a mile over the river. I am willing to 
 sell that by itself, or one half with the rest. I have also five thousand 
 acres of land about fourteen or fifteen miles from Philadelphia, the 
 like from Bristol, and about eleven or twelve miles from the nearest to 
 the river Delaware, at Pemapake, or Poquissing creek, about four miles 
 from North Wales, as much from Southampton, and settlements near. 
 The land is good and well situate, which I would sell also. And I 
 would sell my house and granary on the wharf, where I lived last,* and 
 
 * In Walnut Street, afterwards possessed by R. Meredith, who married a grand- 
 daughter of S. Carpenter. — L.
 
 1703.] CORRESPONDENCE. 235 
 
 council requires five, and there are but eight besides Friends, 
 of which one is so insufferably brittle, J. Guest I mean, that he 
 is now almost useless, and of late nearly fallen off C. B. is 
 tight, his eldest son being lately made sheriff, upon T. F. laying 
 it down. Friends can scarcely bear up under the difficulties 
 they are oppressed with, and I earnestly hope they may not be 
 betrayed into a forfeiture of their testimony. If once an occa- 
 sion for warlike commissions should come upon us, and we know 
 not how soon it may, our government will be soon broken or 
 miserably exposed. I beg, therefore, for the love of truth and 
 all that is valuable to thee here, to take some effectual course 
 to put all into true hands. I can answer, for my own part, I 
 am weary of government affairs as they must be managed. 
 
 Pray consider what must be done when an assembly is held 
 with the lower counties, for the province will never more act 
 with them, I believe, under this government. Had Gov. Ham- 
 ilton lived, we should I doubt have been in confusion. 
 
 G. Owen and myself have received the hats, but wherever the 
 mistake lay they answer not their character, for they are not 
 beaver. 
 
 the wharves and warehouses, or part of them, also the Globe and long 
 wharf adjacent. I have three-sixteenths of 5,000 acres of land, and 
 mine, called Pickering's mine, which I would sell also. I have sold 
 Elsenborough to Rothero Morris, who is since dead ; and my house * 
 and lot over against David Lloyd's to William Trent, and the scales to 
 Henry Babcock, and some other things, and the Coffee House to Capt. 
 Finney, my half of Derby Mills to John Bethel, and a half of Chester 
 Mill to Caleb Pusey and his son-in-law, Henry Worley. I shall not 
 trouble thee any more with these things, but conclude with mine and 
 my wife's kind love to thee and thine : desiring a few lines from thee, 
 I am thy real friend, Sam'l. Carpenter. 
 
 * The house and lot over against David Lloyd's is the old slate-ioof house on 
 .•second Street, opposite the Bank of Pennsylvania. William Penn lived in it during 
 his stay in 1700, Samuel Carpenter moving out of it to accommodate him. It ever 
 afterwards was called the " Governor's House." David LJoyd's house was on the 
 site of the present Coffee House, or perhaps the house adjoining to the soulli *, my 
 brother, J. P. Norris, says the lot was patented to A. Griscom, who probably built 
 on it the first Ijrick house recorded to have been built in Philadelphia, 16S3; Gris- 
 com's heirs sold it to David Lloyd in 1699, and who in 1715 sold it to John Kaighn; 
 and that he thinks it was north of the late James Ilogan's, now the Bank of Penn- 
 sylvania, having also a faint recollection that his mother once told him David Lloyd 
 resided in it. My grandf;^thcr, Isaac Norris, bought the slate-roof house of William 
 Trent, and lived tliei-e prior lo his movmg to Fair Hill. It is now owned by his 
 great-granddaughter, Sally Norris Dickinson. — L.
 
 236 PENN AND LOGAN [1703. 
 
 If thou would sometimes furnish me with a pound of good 
 tea, of which I am grown a great drinker, I should make satis- 
 faction for it. I have mentioned Butterworth's brig, but was 
 much larger in that dated 9th 5th-mo., 1702. 
 
 James Logan to William Penn. 
 
 Philadelphia, ']th ']th-7no., 1703. 
 
 This being the day for our court at Philadelphia, the justices 
 met, and the council having directed a dcdinuis to Thomas 
 Asheton, for qualifying them according to the Queen's orders, 
 he tendered the oaths to them required by the laws of England, 
 and with the rest the abjuration, which is judged by the said 
 orders to be as indispensably required as any. J. Guest, who, 
 returning.last night from the country, where he now keeps much, 
 appears hearty for the business of the court, C. Finney, E. Far- 
 mer, and A. Bankson took them all, and Friends by affirmation, 
 all but the abjuration ; but proceeding to business, when oaths 
 came to be administered all the Friends left the bench and 
 quitted the service, leaving it to the other four. They complain 
 much that so intolerable a hardship should be put upon them 
 now in this country, by which they think themselves thrust out 
 of all business; and doubtless 'tis a great severity which would 
 scarce be extended were it understood. This is the first court 
 that has been held in the province since the arrival of the said 
 orders. A governor will absolutely be necessary. Some think 
 Judge Mompesson will be the readiest at hand and very fit, and, 
 except on martial accounts, may please all ; but pray let the 
 commission be firm. An approbation for him may perhaps be 
 easily obtained. 
 
 I have wrote in several letters of Capt. Dun, a prisoner here 
 on suspicion of murder at sea, and sent the minutes of council 
 1st mo. last, via New York. That will be made a subject of 
 complaint, for we have no way here to try him. Had the 
 governor lived it might have; been done, but now 'tis impossible 
 as we are all circumstanced.
 
 1703.] CORRESPONDENCE. 237 
 
 Pray take as little notice of that concerning T. S.' as possible: 
 for my own part, I shall $mooth all to my utmost. 
 
 I have nothing to add but that, with sincere love to thyself and 
 family, I am in all fidelity, Thy most dutiful, &c., J. Logan. 
 
 James Logan to William Penn. 
 
 Philadelphia, 2>th ']br., 1703. 
 
 Honored Governor : — Yesterday I wrote to Samuel Jennings 
 for an exemplification of the abjuration, in the words which he 
 and the other Friends took it when admitted to council, which, 
 for the reason given in his letter, I thought proper to send thee, 
 and the letter with it: my packet directed to the secretary's office 
 being gone, I send this to W. Aubrey. 
 
 As I said in my large letter, the justices who are Friends 
 having yesterday gone off the bench and left the court, to-day it 
 has been held by the other four, J. Guest, C. Finney, E. Farmer, 
 and A. B., who administer oaths to all who can take them, fining 
 those that will not, and the affirmation to all others. 
 
 In the evening, Hugh Derborow, being to give evidence in a 
 criminal cause, refused to take the affirmation, In the presence, 
 &c. J. Guest was for giving it as he would take it ; all the 
 others for committing him for contempt of the court, with which 
 all the officers joining, bore hard upon the judge, and it was 
 carried so high they were near a rupture. By this may be judged 
 what may be expected. Whether there be a design in the bot- 
 tom, or whether all accidental, I know not, but am sure there 
 can be no firm dependence where things are managed thus. 
 C. Finney I know is true to the government, and A. B. honest. 
 E. Farmer I never yet could understand ; but notwithstanding 
 pretences, I fear somebody else has a particular drift in it. Pray 
 let this be one instance more of the necessity of a speedy pro- 
 vision. We are reduced to great straits, when all are disabled 
 by that ordinance from serving thee but such whose profession 
 too much removes them from our interests. Pray think of nomi- 
 
 ' [Referring to his difference with Thomas Story, of which he writes 
 in a former letter. — Editor.]
 
 238 PENN AND LOGAN [l/Oj. 
 
 nating one forthwith, with approbation, to manage for some 
 time, till terms can be made; for I believe it will be impossible 
 to administer it here long under thee, unless we can find a new 
 set of people. But let these terms be ever so good, some will 
 have cause to repent them. The commission for the Jerseys 
 seems a bitter pill here, and hard to be digested. 
 
 Thou knows R. Mompesson, and whether he will be fit,^ better 
 than we can here. He is on the spot, and doubtless would 
 accept. I hope this will not give thee the first hint of it, but 
 that a commission is even now coming. I know not how we 
 shall get over this fall and winter without one. Pray send du- 
 plicates ; and remember those who groan under burdens they 
 cannot possibly bear. I scarce expect this court will be held; 
 if not, we shall have none in the province, I fear, till new orders 
 come ; and the failure of justice is the highest complaint. I 
 shall use my utmost endeavors with those I have an interest in, 
 as C. Finney and Andrew Bankson. Of the other two, I can 
 make but little, for they are past most men's understanding, 
 though E. Farmer carries it exceeding fair, and I have been 
 forced to let him deal unkindly by me in trade, that he might 
 not be disobliged in these points, or withdraw now when we 
 want him. But I must conclude, &c. 
 
 James Logan to William Penn. 
 \_Extract.'\ Philadelphia, wth ■]br., 1703, 9 hor. P.M. 
 
 .... Because Col. Quary, I am informed, before his depart- 
 ure hence to Virginia, has made all possible preparations for 
 complaints and articles, which he industriously lays plots for, 
 against this government, to misrepresent us under all the disad- 
 vantages he can invent to our superiors at home, and because 
 his vicegerent in mischief as well as other offices, J. Moore, has 
 this week strenuously endeavored, by his profession in the law, 
 to perplex our court at Philadelphia, that disorders there, could 
 he procure them, might yield them a pretence, I send this 
 Express after the Messenger brigantine, who sailed to North 
 
 ' For governor. — L.
 
 [703.] CORRESrONDENCr. 239 
 
 Carolina five days ago, to inform thee that, notwithstanding all 
 their attempts and designs laid to the contrary, the said court, 
 which is the principal in the government, being opened on the 
 7th instant, the day appointed by law, has been held, and pro- 
 ceeded very regularly these three days past, with an exact ob- 
 servation of the Queen's order in council, and so is likely to 
 close, the magistrates and justices having surmounted all diffi- 
 culties that our adversaries heaped in their way.//''Chestcr court, 
 by means of J. Moore's and Jasper Yeates's artifices, with the per- 
 sons to whom the dcdimus for qualifying the justices was directed, 
 adjourning for a inonth, he refusing to obey it through a punc- 
 tilio cast in his way; but that of Bucks happening, at this time, 
 in the same week with Philadelphia, which it rarely does, and 
 the same busy instrument, J. Moore, by his more necessary 
 attendance here, being obliged to be absent, they proceeded 
 without any^ .... that I can hear of, pursuant to the said order, 
 in the lower counties, where is no obstruction ; nor will there, I 
 hope, be any here. But those other two small courts of Chester 
 and Bucks, whose counties thou knows are almost wholly peo- 
 pled with Quakers, will, when business that requires oaths fall in 
 their way, be very much perplexed, there being scarce any fit to 
 be empowered to administer; in the latter scarce one, that I know 
 of, as the council has at large represented to thee in their letter. 
 
 The council uses their utmost endeavor to carry affairs regu- 
 larly, and preserve good order,^but the unwearied malice and 
 injustice of our adversaries make it exceeding troublesome : 
 which with their principles that render them scarce capable of 
 discharging some duties, make a speedy provision of a fit per- 
 son the more absolutely necessary, with the Queen's approba- 
 tion, to take the government upon him. 
 
 The Indians who did the mischief to the eastward, I wrote 
 thee before, are retired, and, though pursued by strong partfes, 
 cannot be met with ; some that were taken allege that the French 
 threatened to take their lives if they would not join them. This, 
 per last post, by which also we are told of great success in 
 Europe, as with his squadron being taken, a victory ob- 
 
 ^ [Unintelligible. — Editor.]
 
 240 PENN AND LOGAN [17O3. 
 
 taincd by rrincc Lewis of Baden. The Portuguese entering the 
 aUiance,' two French men-of-war, with twenty-six sail of mer- 
 chant-men, are taken now at Newfoundland; but it all wants 
 confirmation, that of Portugal excepted, which we have more 
 credibly. 
 
 Captain Pulleyn's sliip, called the Fame, mentioned in the 
 council's letter, left her companion. Capt. Dampiere, taking 
 fire at Bermuda, was blown up with her own powder; the col- 
 lector of Lewes, I am informed, was obliged to draw up an 
 account, by the command of a superior, of her prize coming to 
 Lewes, as is mentioned in said letter, with the most grave rep- 
 resentation they could put upon it. I know not to what purpose, 
 for the captain of the said prize, as soon as he had watered, car- 
 ried her into York, and there, as we are told by the Post, legally 
 condemned her; they cannot sure make anything relating to 
 her an article. 
 
 I have wrote to thee as ordered, directed to White Hall, which 
 I hope will come safe with the two bills I enclosed for ^50 
 sterling, and an invoice of fine furs, which was all I could get 
 ready. 
 
 Our tobacco not answering in England, I shall ship it to Bar- 
 badoes, and have lately sent by the Jolly Galley eight hogs- 
 heads, and in the Pennsbury Galley intend twelve more ; but 
 the Queen's duties paid here outwards doubles the risk and value, 
 the former of which is now exceeding great to those islands 
 by reason of the Martinico privateers, who are .... those of 
 Guadalupe, who were beat from their dwellings, having gener- 
 ally taken up that trade, and, provoked by what they have suf- 
 fered by that fruitless attack, are exceedingly mischievous. 
 
 We are generally healthy, and at length relieved from the 
 consequences we feared from an unusual drought, for above two 
 months past, which had nearly destroyed the grass entirely from 
 both woods and fields. The next I hope will accompany thy 
 son, and an approved governor, or rather commission to such 
 an one here, than which nothing relating to our public affairs 
 could be more acceptable to all concerned for thy interest. 
 
 ' [6th May, 1703. — Editor.]
 
 1703.] CORRESPONDENCE. 24I 
 
 William Penn to James Logan. 
 
 Portsmouth, 13M ith-mo., 1703. 
 Though Joshua Cheeseman is bound for two years from the 
 time of his arrival in our province, by his indenture, yet I do 
 hereby certify, that out of the love I have for him, taking him 
 to be a sober and steady young man, and industrious, that will 
 not lose nor trifle away time, I am contented that the half the 
 time of his passage from this place shall be allowed him, as part 
 of the two years he is to serve me by indenture. I would have 
 him kept close to Pennsbury : he is good for the farm, being 
 bred to country business, but for the last two years has been 
 with a vintner to draw wines and tend company; and if the Lord 
 bring me there, I design him for my house-steward and butler. 
 Be kind to him. I have writ at large by my son, to which 
 refer thee, though I believe I shall by this bearer send one of 
 some importance, that comes by him as the fittest way. My 
 daughter and son Aubrey salute thee. 
 
 I am thy assured friend, Wm. Penn, 
 
 P. S. — Keep my son as expenseless as may be ; if you all live 
 together in town, as I have writ, then Joshua may serve for but- 
 ler ; but if Sam. Carpenter invites my son, or any good friend, 
 let Joshua go up, or with hands elsewhere, as I have writ before. 
 Vale. 
 
 William Penn to James Logan. 
 
 London, 24/^ ']br., 1703. 
 The parchment and letter of attorney communicate to S. Car- 
 penter forthwith, and lose no time to dispose of the said lantis, 
 lots, and liberty land, that so the interest ;^I20 may come to an 
 end, that else will be a load upon me. I wish, with all my heart, 
 I had it for one of my poor bairns, if thou can'st give as good 
 a price as any one else. Vcrbinn sat sapienti. We are all through 
 mercy pretty well, and salute thee. Farewell. W, P. 
 
 By to-morrow's post expect a letter to Samuel Carpenter and 
 
 VOL. I. — 17
 
 242 PENN AND LOGAN [l703- 
 
 thyself from the trustees, to back that of attorney which I now 
 send. Vale. 
 
 James Logan to William Penn. 
 
 Philadelphia, 29//; iih-mo., 1703. 
 
 An opportunity offering that expects to overtake the fleet at 
 Virginia, I make use of it to continue all necessary information. 
 
 Yesterday, the council sitting, John Bewley, collector of this 
 port, Samuel Lowman, collector of New Castle, and Henry 
 Brook, of Lewes, being all in town, and having by the last fleet 
 received new commissions for their places under the Queen, 
 desired to take the usual oaths enjoined by several acts of Par- 
 liament, to be taken by officers before that board, which now 
 represents the governor; but the thing being new to most of 
 them, those acts themselves that enjoin the oaths were inquired 
 into ; upon which it appeared they ought to be taken according 
 to the said acts, either before the chancellor or in chancery, or 
 in the king's bench, or at the quarter sessions ; but neither of the 
 first being properly here, and the council being incapable of ad- 
 ministering oaths in that manner, notwithstanding they find 
 expedients in other cases of absolute necessity, they referred 
 the said officers to the said courts of quarter session in their 
 respective counties. 
 
 With this, John Bewley, and that most ingenious young gen- 
 tleman Henry Brook, younger son of Sir Henry Brook, of 
 Cheshire, were well satisfied ; but Samuel Lowman, who, since 
 his coming to New Castle, has fallen in with that club whose 
 plot is the subversion of the government, makes a noise of it by 
 instruction of his oracle, J. Moore, who tells him they have no 
 quarter sessions at all, and that the council had now shown 
 they knew they had no power themselves, because, forsooth, 
 some of them who could not swear took, instead of an oath, the 
 affirmation; an egregious piece of impudence — while he knows 
 the council has, since the governor's death, discharged all duties 
 incumbent on them. 
 
 Lowman, for engaging on that part, is patronized by the sur- 
 veyor-general, Quary representing him to the commander as a
 
 1703.] CORRESPONDENCE. 243 
 
 most active and vigilant officer for the Queen's interests, while 
 no man alive can discern any other merit in him than abusing 
 the government, not in anything relating to his place, for he 
 has no occasion there, but in supporting of factions and eagerly 
 contending for Quary. I hope, however, he will be wiser. It 
 is not so much he as the instructors he has enlisted himself 
 under, who requite him in their letters to the board at home, as 
 if to study our confusion must be merit with the Queen, and to 
 abuse the Quakers to support her interests. 
 
 In discourse with an honest gentleman of this place to-day, 
 on these heads, who would be nameless there, he told me that 
 after Bewley had (as is wrote at large in the council's letter) ad- 
 ministered the oath to those of the board who could take it, 
 when Col. Quary and the other commander had refused, the 
 .said Quary, provoked at what Bewley had done, told him it 
 was he had made the government, and it was his ; but had he 
 forbore, and followed his. Col. Quary's, example, things would 
 have been well enough ; that is, says the relator, as Bewley said, 
 ^' all in confusion, for that is what they seek.'' 
 
 'T is plain to any man whose senses are not poisoned with 
 malice, that the forbearing to take that oath, though for the se- 
 curity of trade, if nobody should administer it, it could never 
 unqualify a government; yet this, among hundreds of others, is 
 a plain indication that those men employ the power they are so 
 unhappily vested with for no other end than to reduce us into 
 anarchy, and trample upon the Queen's peaceable subjects, 
 whose honest endeavors are much more for her interest and 
 benefit of the crown, than all the serving of thousands of such 
 hungry scamps, who seek nothing but to render themselves 
 great by the spoils of the innocent, without any regard to any 
 other interest whatsoever, as is sufficiently known by all their 
 neighbors of probity, as well of their own church as of others, 
 whose eyes they have not yet darkened by throwing that spe- 
 cious mist and pretence of religion before them. In short, we 
 live under an insupportable state of cruelty, while our superiors, 
 who, we doubt not, are sufficiently inclined to protect and re- 
 lieve us, extend their authority and influence through no other 
 channel than such as almost poison them to us in the convex--
 
 244 PENN AND LOGAN [1703. 
 
 ance. To-day I have also had some warm discourses with 
 l.owman, who, among other things, dropt this, " that Bewley 
 might have occasion to see the folly of, and repent what he had 
 done in administering that oath as aforesaid." 'T is certain that 
 Quary, because his speed in malice and factious resolves, by 
 means of his office as surveyor, does him what mischief he can, 
 though they never yet could object anything here to his face 
 against him relating to his office; nor is it that he joins with 
 Friends or any others, but only that he honestly thinks it his 
 business to live quietly and wish well to the public, while others 
 use their utmost efforts to undermine all. 
 
 I have informed thee two several ways that Bucks and Phila- 
 delphia courts have been regularly held with an exact observ- 
 ance of the Queen's order, but in the first no oaths were offered, 
 there being none there to take them, which, nevertheless, had 
 J. Moore been there, we find would have been otherwise, but 
 Philadelphia court requiring his attendance here, prevented him. 
 Chester court being adjourned, because of the oaths required, 
 the council has issued a new commission, in which the Judge 
 Guest, Jer. Collet, and Walter Martin, besides most of those that 
 were in before ; J. B. C. only and R. Pile left out, both at their 
 own request. 
 
 On the 20th instant, Samuel Bulkley died, after a short indis- 
 position, passing away before his illness was much taken notice 
 of; and on the 24th, between nine and ten at night, Esther 
 Spicer, widow, as she was undressing in bed, in her own house, 
 was struck dead, with two of her servants, with thunder, three 
 more in the same room escaping. They were buried the next 
 first-day, 30 boats, and above 400 people, attending the corpses 
 by water. 
 
 There was in the late inroad to the eastward about 90 persons 
 killed by the Indians, and 80 carried away. The enemy can 
 never since be met with. 
 
 Judge Mompesson is gone again to Rhode Island from hence, 
 but returns next month. I hope by the first vessels we shall 
 have a commission for a governor, which is extremely wanted ; 
 but pray be pleased to think what shall be done with the lower
 
 1703.] CORRESPONDENCE. 245 
 
 counties, who, under this constitution, will never join the pro- 
 vince in legislation; upon which I would beg leave to add one 
 word more. 
 
 It is very boldly affirmed here that thou art upon a treaty of 
 surrender; if so, I much crave liberty to put thee in mind that 
 unless thou canst get a governor of thy own making, with tht 
 Queen's approbation, to set things boldly to rights, to support 
 for some little time thy interests, and to pass some good laws, 
 that may not fail of the royal assent, for settling the rights of 
 the country, and the privileges of the people, with thy own, and 
 to form a regular constitution for the courts, with their several 
 jurisdictions, which must ever be the rampart of our liberties, 
 we shall, when the opportunity is over, too late repent of it; for 
 to fall under such a commission as is over our river, would startle 
 any man who ever had entertained a notion of freedom ; and 
 the lower counties parting with us at this juncture, if to be united 
 again should a revolution come, may prove a happiness ; for 
 without them some good may be done, but with them never 
 any for this province. If thou obtain any articles, if such things 
 be in agitation, pray, for the honor of thy own name, remember 
 the people thou brought hither from their native land, that those 
 who take delight in speaking evil may find no room for reflec- 
 tions. There are many jealousies here about it. 
 
 In New Castle County, I am informed, they design to hold no 
 more courts, by reason of the defects in the council's commis- 
 sion, till a better power comes from England ; but I hope we 
 shall persuade them better. 
 
 If such a constitution as I have mentioned could be brought 
 on the anvil. Judge Mompesson would be highly serviceable. 
 I hope, if Providence has ordered so, that we are near a critical 
 juncture, with -the lower counties parting with the assembly; 
 but we cannot, I believe, be distinct always. 
 
 If not a governor for some small time here, could he be made 
 chief justice by the Queen for Jersey, and continue the same, or 
 be made so, for he is not yet, under thee, for this place, it would 
 be a great encouragement, and he could serve more provinces 
 than both these in that station. 
 
 Judge Guest, from the lowest of our expectation, has, this last
 
 246 PENN AND LOGAN [1703. 
 
 long court, which held eleven days, outdone the highest, and 
 resolves, he says, to be hearty. 'T is on that he goes down to 
 Chester, where, two days hence, I must accompany him, to try 
 if we can force them there into order. 
 
 I shall not now add but that I am now as ever 
 
 Thy most dutiful and affectionate J. Logan. 
 
 Per Randal Janncy to Virginia, thence per Guernsey man-of- 
 war. 
 
 Postscript, {from Cluster}^ — I have yet time to add the follow- 
 ing : — Yesterday was the election for assembly, by charter, in 
 Philadelphia. They have chosen Rowland Ellis, Nicholas Wain, 
 S. Richardson, Gr. Jones, A. Morris, David Lloyd, Isaac Norris, 
 and Samuel Cart ; and for the corporation, J. Wilcox and Chas. 
 Read. In this county they have chosen upon the breach of the 
 lower counties, and in Bucks I suppose, the same. About six 
 weeks ago, Capt. Finney's son was made sheriff of Philadelphia, 
 upon T. Fairman's laying it down ; but the people, by charter, 
 having the nomination of two persons to be presented for that 
 place, the corporation, angry with the father, resolved to out 
 the son, which was kept very private till very near the hour; buc 
 coming to the knowledge of it, I used my utmost endeavors, 
 and got a sufficient part to get the election for sheriff this year 
 to drop ; so that for twelve months longer he stands. It would 
 have been very ungrateful, and of ill consequence at this juncture, 
 had that point been gained. Instead of the corporation, I might 
 have named a person or two only as the leaders, but shall pass 
 it, for they are not all to be blamed. The worst of it was, the 
 design lay not so much to put in another as to take it from him. 
 I am sure Capt. Finney and his family deserve all our regards. 
 
 Yesterday and to-day the court of this county was held 
 Judge Guest being first in the commission ; Jasper Yeates, though 
 justice by this elective place, in the borough, and Walter Martin, 
 refused, and Jeremiah Collet declined to act. The court was 
 held, however ; so that we have now gone round, both in the 
 province and territories. The next, I fear, is Bucks and New 
 Castle ; however, what endeavors can be used shall not be 
 wanting. I came not hither till this morning, because of the 
 election above. As for David Lloyd, I find he must be in ; there-
 
 1703.] CORRESPONDENCE. 247 
 
 fore resolve, as honorably as possible, to fall in with him, it 
 being, as things stand, of absolute necessity. 
 
 I am, &c., J. L. 
 
 William Penn to James Logan. 
 
 London, 4M Xbr., 1703. 
 I have thine of the last ships, viz., Experiment and Philadel- 
 phia, six weeks since, and Messenger, yesterday, and hope they 
 are all answered by my lieutenant governor and dear child, who 
 are gone towards you, and I hope actually with you by this 
 time, being eight weeks gone. I have writ at large also to 
 thee, to the commissioners of property, each of them, and a let- 
 ter to S. Carpenter, I. Norris, R. Hill, besides, also, to my cous- 
 ins Markham and Ashcton. My son has them, and that to 
 the council, &c. I think R. Mompesson's the governor has. I 
 only omitted that of the Spaniard, but I hope what I had writ 
 before had been sufficient ; for, whatever you may think, having 
 recommendatory letters from Barbadoes and New York for a 
 fair, honest, but unhapp)' man, abused by a Quaker in Pennsyl- 
 vania, and some of our ill-willers here furnishing him with a fine 
 set of clothes, he attacks me before the Queen, if not in Parlia- 
 ment; and, though ridiculous, yet it looks dirty that one Quaker 
 shall cozen a man, and the other refuse him justice; and where 
 bias may be already, at least some dirt sticks, and some preju- 
 dice is retained, wherefore let me have the history of my earn- 
 est endeavors to issue that matter as an officious arbiter, for as 
 governor it lay not before me, the cause never passing through 
 any court of the country to come by appeal, though, in council, 
 I have sat to hear it several times. Ask Edward Shippen, J. 
 Guest, and the widow D. Lloyd, J. M., who said he was a great 
 rogue, but wished the widow would be persuaded to compass it. 
 Also ask T. Murray of my solicitousness. For your perplexi- 
 ties in government, methinks you have brought it too much 
 upon yourselves, for why should you obey any order obtained 
 by the Lords of Trade, or otherwise, which is not according to 
 patent or law here, nor the laws of your own country, which
 
 248 PENN AND LOGAN [1703. 
 
 are to govern you till repealed, and none are but one; and the 
 commissioners prayed me not to send that, viz., about lowering 
 money, of which I have writ, that thou mightest consider my 
 interest. But New England's standard, take it for granted, will 
 be that of all the continent at least ; and had not a law of theirs 
 been confirmed by King William unwarily, that can't be re- 
 pealed without their consent, the English standard had been the 
 measure of America at large. I say, the abjuration, &c., are, 
 besides your clue, and I admire at your weakness in not keep- 
 ing to law. Queens never read, as well as kings, what they 
 sign ; they are signed upon the credit of committees or secre- 
 taries. 
 
 I desire you to pluck up that English and Christian courage 
 to not suffer yourselves to be thus treated and put upon. Let 
 those factious fellows do their worst, keep them in evidence, 
 and in qualifications, which give you this perplexity, and I will 
 bear you out. If you will resign the laws, customs, and usages 
 tamely, instead of persisting till you see what becomes of the 
 laws, now with the attorney-general, I can't help it; but a 
 decent refusal were wisest. 
 
 The loss of Gov. Hamilton has been great all round. Being 
 upon the crisis, he would have carried Lord Cornbury from 
 Quary, &c. ; he would have tried the offenders, qualified or 
 countenanced the magistrates, and removed the objection of the 
 defence ; but you would have been, perhaps, too happy with 
 him, and R. Mompesson too. Howbeit an honest and discreet 
 young man is gone, who will, I hope, patrisave [sic] to me at least. 
 He can and will rectify all, I believe: spirit him, and creep not. 
 I am here yet, and lose what you lose like men and Christians. 
 Intrinsic weight and worth will carry it all the world over. No 
 subsisting without downright force against number, weight, and 
 measure. Mathematics will be too hard for all the world that 
 pretends to govern against it. We seem here to be upon at 
 least a cessation of arms with, or at, the Lords Commissioners 
 for Trade and Plantations, since I prevailed for Mompesson 
 ind a new deputy governor. 
 
 For a comrriission for a new council, I refer you to Col. Evans 
 to perform, being an approved governor. As for Lord Corn-
 
 1703] CORRESPONDENCE. 249 
 
 bury, he proves, as I expected, and sent you word in some of 
 my letters. I have writ four packets by way of New England, 
 New York, and Virginia, of which I hear nothing yet, that treat 
 upon that subject a little. Carry fair, rely and mind little, and 
 believe nothing from that corner of the compass. His father is 
 a well-intending gentleman, but troubled with the puck [s/c] 
 for the church; his uncle, a significant and great man, and a 
 man of honor, though not parson for us. 
 
 For the Indians, I leave to others to answer for that, New 
 York, I mean, for not keeping as might the Five Nations to us, 
 draws the line of jealousy over us, and fear into the bargain. 
 But your new governor will take care of that: whatever thou 
 dost, get him into good hands, men of truth, sobriety, and jus- 
 tice, and give the true side of Quary and Moore to him, their 
 knavery, falsehood, corruption, and faction, for I think a worse 
 man than Quary does not live, as something I shall send, per- 
 haps by this conveyance per packet-boat to Barbadoes, if not 
 gone from Falmouth, will tell thee, but not to be made public 
 till Col. Quary first see it, and be asked if he will change his 
 conduct, and become another man to us, else io,ooo-of them 
 shall be printed and spread all over the continent and islands. 
 I think I shall hardly stay long, for no law ought to be given — 
 say hunters to vermin. 
 
 I am glad that L. M.^ plays the man ; I would have him 
 cherished, though the surrender was knavishly contrived to 
 betray the people, as I told them here, and though I promised 
 the Friends concerned, if they would yield to stop the surrender 
 a few days, I would have got them a better bargain. Dockwray, 
 or wry rather, to recommend himself, perverted them to it, and 
 what was then promised, I fear will never be observed to the 
 inhabitants. 
 
 'Lewis Morris. This relates to the Jerseys. — L. 
 
 [The surrender of the government of the Jerseys to the crown, on 
 the 15th April, 1702. Queen Anne having accepted the surrender, " the 
 two provinces were united" and placed, together with New York, under 
 one governor," and Lord Cornbury, cousin to the Queen, received 
 this appointment, and arrived at New York 3d May, 1703. See ^^ East 
 Jersey under the Proprietors,^'' by William Whitehead, pp. 152, 155. 
 Editor.]
 
 250 PENN AND LOGAN [1703. 
 
 For Col. Hamilton's allowance, I hope the people will con- 
 sider it; if n>ot, I must by Gales press them, as also for his suc- 
 cessor, or I must take other methods which will be a dearer pur- 
 chase at last to them, I believe. 
 
 And as for S. C, shall I repay that when iJ" 1,000 was sub- 
 scribed, as Griffith Owen knows, but that for Samuel's taking it 
 into his own hands, to have the advantage of circulating it by 
 bread, flour, &c., to Barbadoes, and so to London, I had received 
 one third then at least in money, to my great supply, and the 
 rest was intended to have been paid so too. I want to know 
 what of the supply given by the Assembly, and what of the 
 subscription at my coming away is received, and how the rents 
 come in below. Pray send it per first opportunity. I am sorry 
 the widow Gibbs is gone; I shall be a great loser, which is too 
 much my portion everywhere. 
 
 Methinks S. Jennings might very well discharge me of the 
 purchase money in Jersey, for the injury his supine careless- 
 ness caused to me in Gibbs's case ; but I bought, I believe, this 
 land, or some of it, of an old king, or his good will as to the 
 place, when he was at Pennsbury with me, of which J. Sotcher 
 and Hugh and the blacks know ; and I left a memorandum of 
 it among my papers, for which look well my escritoire. I have 
 two shares, one from Daniel Wait, and t' other from William 
 Nagle, and in proportion must have my share of three takings 
 up, as I remember: I. Bass took up 20,000 acres for me, when 
 governor; pray inquire after it. As for your Dr. Coxe, tell him 
 the principals are here, that I offered to 'discourse it with him 
 before he went, in answer to his letters, but he never came near 
 me. Pray abstracts of his titles, and under whom he claims. 
 
 That story about the Industry, said to have its rise from my 
 father, (Callowhill,) or his house, is chimerical, as wife, father, 
 and mother told me when t' other day there to bring up my 
 family to Worminghurst ; but if thou hadst insured by another 
 hand with Trent, or sent in a ship, or by one from the river, but 
 specially when thou knew she laid so'long by the walls of New 
 York, perhaps it might have done better, but thou hadst not 
 wanted my good wishes on greater masters, nor my family's and 
 never had ill ones for that.
 
 1,703.] CORRESPONDENCE. 2$ I 
 
 But thou writest nothing of what they do at Pennsbury to 
 deserve, or quit the charge ; pray a distinct account what is 
 cleared and what is raised. I hear John follows his trade there, 
 and yet hands wanting, but I suppose it is only at unseasonable 
 times, as rain, &c., nor have I one word about my two servants 
 bought here, a sore pinch from R. Janney. I am not a little 
 sorry for the misunderstanding between thee and T. S., (Thomas 
 Story,) being a weakening and a dishonor to the profession, and 
 so to a common interest in which you are so much engaged. I 
 shall be glad it ends all well, but poor Thomas has never sent 
 me a scrawl since I left him. 
 
 I shall inquire about the Hopewell's sale. I know she lay 
 long upon it before S. V. sold her. If 80, 90, or icx) pounds 
 will entitle thee to 3 or ^400 worth of skins, S. V. would send 
 ^100 in India goods, securing ;{ri30 sterling there, but more of 
 this per next packet boat, for this one should have gone three 
 or four weeks ago, and did attempt it in vain since the great 
 storm, that has besides lives 7 or 8,000, done millions of damage 
 to the kingdom, the like not remembered by any man living 
 with us, and a poor Friend has declared that if this place repents 
 not, God will shake the foundations as well as blow and shatter 
 the tops of their houses.* 
 
 For my son Aubrey's affair, I have writ in three several letters 
 to direct in it, and now again that ^120 per annum must be paid 
 him, deducting interest in proportion to what is paid, as the 
 writing not long since sent to my son, I believe, will declare. 
 
 * ["About midnight, on the 26th Novetn/>er, 1703, began the most ter- 
 rible storm that had been known in England, the wind W. S. W., 
 
 attended with flashes of lighting It blew down the spires of 
 
 several churches, and tore whole groves of trees up by the roots. . . . 
 Several vessels, boats, and barges were sunk in the Thames ; but the 
 royal navy sustained the greatest damage, being just returned from the 
 Straits : four third-rates, one second-rate, four fourth-rates, and many 
 others of less force were cast away upon the coast of England, and 
 above 1,500 seaman lost, besides those that were cast away in mer- 
 chant ships. Upon this calamity the Commons addressed her Majesty, 
 that she would give directions for rebuilding and repairing the royal 
 navy ; and that she would make some provision for the families of those 
 seamen that perished in the storm, with which her Majesty complied." 
 Salmon" s Chronologic Historian. — Editor. 1
 
 252 PENN AND LOGAN [1703. 
 
 It is my lot to meet with traverses and disappointments, but as 
 I said, just now, the end has usually crowned all. Thou must 
 sell as fast as thou canst, or his trustees, that I may be as expe- 
 ditiously discharged of the load as may be pray ; but know that 
 all above 2,000 sterling returns to me, so that if thou canst save 
 me some handsome tract on the 5,000 acres with an island be- 
 fore it, be it but 1,500 acres, nay 1,000 itself, well situated. D. 
 P. knows, and so T. F. also, all the parts of it, but I fear fresh 
 and new surveyors will be requisite, the old ones being bred in 
 such unfair latitudes. 
 
 For the company,^ they seem to acquiesce in relinquishing 
 their pretensions to the manor lands, unless it be the lands of 
 Gilberts/ where they insist upon 2 or 3,000 acres, because of iron 
 mine, and prospect of a work, but by the next opportunity hope 
 to send thee their orders for it. Mind the contents of my last 
 letters in my family affairs, by Joshua, that excellent servant. 
 
 Now know, and tell my poor boy, that all his were well the 
 last post, and so are the rest of mine, for his are so ; my wife, 
 Johnny, (who is still going to Philadelphia in Pennsylvania,) 
 Tommy, and Hannah, were also pretty well last post; I know 
 their love is to all, and most dearly my daughter's and wife's, 
 and Tishe's very dearly to my son ; they dearly remember and 
 talk of him : per next packet boat to Barbadoes, a month hence, 
 he will hear from his wife: can only add my dear love to him; 
 my salutes to the governor and all my friends, the council, com- 
 missioners of property, and magistrates, and, which is not want- 
 ing, to thvself. From thy assured friend, Wm. Penn. 
 
 James Logan to William Penn. 
 
 Philadelphia, 5//; Derember, 1703. 
 Honored Governor: — Two posts ago, I received thine of 
 the 6th 4th-mo. ult, via Boston, by which I perceive none of 
 
 ' [Free Society of Traders. — Editor.] 
 
 * A large manor so called : part of it is on the other side of the 
 Schuylkill, but the larger portion is on this side the river; the Per- 
 quiomlng Creek runs through it, and a valuable lead mine is now in 
 operation. — L.
 
 1703.] CORRESPONDENCE. 253 
 
 mine since that of the loth-mo. last, per ye Messenger, was 
 then come to hand; but seeing it is owing to the misfortune of 
 the conveyance, and no remissness of mine, I doubt not I shall 
 be acquitted. By the Cornbury from York, Capt. Symmonds 
 commander, I was very large in one of several sheets accom- 
 panying a packet directed to the secretary's office, dated 3d 
 ist-mo. last. In that I sent a full answer to Col. Quary's arti- 
 cles, with all the minutes of council at larg-e relatins: to our 
 assembly, and many other papers and minutes of the govern- 
 ment, considerably exceeding, in bulk, the first mentioned per 
 Guy, viz., of lobr., which I now wish had never gone, the vessel, 
 as we hear, being carried into France. By the same, also, stay- 
 ing at York much longer than expected, I wrote again 20th 
 2d-mo. ; and again 26th do., of which also sent copies via Boston ; 
 and again 29th from Amboy, informing of Gov. Hamilton's 
 death, with bills for ;^iOO. 18 sterling; again 6th 3d-mo., by way 
 of Barbadoes and Jamaica ; again by way of York and Boston 
 13th of the same month, [here follows a recapitulation of the 
 several dates and conveyances,] all of which in the single copies, 
 besides the many duplicates, make above fifty pages closely 
 writ in my book of copies ; and many of them, I hope, by this 
 time are arrived. Since the last of these, this place affords 
 very little new more than that of the 15th of 8br. The repre- 
 sentatives chosen by the province for assembly, for each county 
 eight, together with two for the corporation, according to charter, 
 met and chose David Lloyd speaker, who appeared in general 
 to the people: and the members chosen very well befitted for 
 the public good, whatever he might cover underneath, and earn- 
 estly pressed to proceed to business with the council ; but the 
 latter wholly refused, which I believe they would scarcely have 
 done had the report been then as current as now of the sur- 
 render of the government. 
 
 This account is confidently given by one Usher, governor, I 
 think, of New Hampshire, lately come over, who affirms that 
 the Queen has agreed to pay ;!^i 5,000 due to thy father in con- 
 sideration of her reassuming it, but mentions nothing of any 
 terms obtained for the people, which I wish had accompanied
 
 254 PENN AND I-OGAN [1703. 
 
 the Other, for their general satisfaction ; for money, without any- 
 other conchtions, would give too great occasion for discourse 
 to the ill-affected. But by what thou hast been pleased to hint 
 in thy last mentioned of 4th ult., I take upon me to assure 
 them that they may be secure in that point. 'T is an unhappi- 
 ness we are no better aware of it, if true ; for the want of an 
 approbation to Gov. Hamilton while living, and the expectation 
 of thy success in those affairs from thy letters and from Judge 
 Mompesson, with the certain posture of our affairs since his 
 said decease, has occasioned thy dues from the government to 
 be much in arrears. , For property concerns, I can be answer- 
 able ; but for the others, it has not been in my power. 
 
 From thy frequent pressing instances in thy letters for returns, 
 I have strained to my utmost this year, and have sent and shipt 
 off, according to the inclosed schedule : why I could not send 
 more bills and furs, I have before given the reason at large. I 
 wish those I have sent may be to satisfaction. About bear-skins 
 I was not fairly dealt with by E. Farmer. Some of the bills 
 indorsed by J. Regnier will, I doubt, meet the same fate with at 
 least one half, as 'tis thought, of those sent this year from 
 Maryland, there being this last summer sent back, protested, to 
 that province, according to an account taken of them, to the 
 value, as is affirmed, of ;^30,000, which will be 6,000 dead loss 
 to the country, upon the allowance of 20 per cent., given in 
 such cases by their law as well as ours. The ten hogsheads of 
 tobacco, and eight and a half ton of logwood, will, I fear, come to 
 a bad market; but having purchased it long before thy advices 
 came, was obliged to ship it. Tobacco, however, will, this year, 
 yield a great price, by being, as 't is computed, they say mod- 
 erately, one half of all made in Virginia and Maryland lost by 
 the most violent storm ever known in those parts in the mem- 
 ory of man, on the 6th or 7th of 8br. last ; nor was it less severe 
 upon York, and our two lower counties, where near one-half of 
 the timber-trees, many say a much greater proportion, being 
 destroyed by it, and the roads so blocked up that three years 
 will not be sufficient, as the most credible persons of those parts 
 affirm, to clear them. When I shipped on the three last galleys 
 gone for Barbadoes, we had accounts of a good market, but
 
 1703] CORRESPONDENCE. 255 
 
 since hear that bread and flour are much fallen. Beer is toler- 
 able, and tobacco, of which I sent nineteen hogsheads by them, 
 was lately very high there. But I wish the Jolly Galley, on 
 which Randal Janney came, may be safe, having left the capes 
 but the day before the storm. 
 
 Of the Robert and Benjamin brigantine, I. Guy master, I 
 purchased one third jointly with William Trent and Isaac Nor- 
 ris, in order to make returns of rice from Carolina, this river 
 now affording nothing that encourages, there being little to- 
 bacco, and what there is will not do. Bills, doubted and scarce; 
 for now in Maryland, the place of our supply, they will not 
 draw ; and money scarce, and the West Indies very uncertain, 
 and at present low. Our design, as laid, was to send a loading 
 of our goods, upon information of a tolerable market, which 
 we have done in twenty ton of beer, about twelve ton of flour, 
 and four ton of bread, with apples, cheese, &c., to the value 
 of £686 sterling in the whole, besides the vessel fitted out at 
 £s^0. I. Clapp has gone factor, and with this is to purchase 
 rice ; but in the mean time the vessel returns hither with a load 
 of salt, which it is to be hoped will clear one half of her, and 
 forthwith to return with more goods, to complete her loading 
 of rice to England, which may be about i^i,00O, to join the Vir- 
 ginia fleet next spring, and then, if she will but sell at a price that 
 will pay her wages, we expect no more, if the rice will yield 
 but 24s. per cwt. This is as well laid as any voyage can be, 
 but success is all. It may many ways miscarry, for trade is a 
 lottery. But I think I cannot be better justified than by acting 
 in concert with the most industrious, thriving, and intelligent 
 traders here, whatever the event may prove. I honestly do 
 my endeavors ; the rest must be left to the great Disposer of 
 all things. 
 
 Had I known thy bargain, should have been more sparing, 
 for now hope the necessity in a great measure over in strain- 
 ing, and shall be so for the future. The only way to gain here 
 is by importation. The revenue of this province will do best 
 to be spent here, allowing always some to ship off to import 
 by it other necessaries. Returns from hence can seldom make 
 profit.
 
 256 PENN AND LOGAN [1703. 
 
 I impatiently expect thy son's arrival, and should be extreme 
 glad could we firmly depend on seeing thyself and whole family. 
 This is a place of ease, thoi/gh not to mc, compared to that buz- 
 zing theatre. Thou may live truly happy as proprietor here. 
 For the future, I design wholly to apply myself to the settling 
 of thy affairs, for thy ease, and, until fresh orders come, except- 
 ing the account of the surrender prove false, shall trouble my- 
 self about returns but little more. I hope to be able to perfect 
 complete rent-rolls, which hitherto I could not, because of re- 
 surveys. But now in thy absence, and since Gov. Hamilton's 
 decease, I much want support ; for because I cannot be of every 
 one's speed, there are those I would fain have expected better 
 things from, that give it not all the countenance they might. 
 In thy next to the commissioners, I request thee to give some 
 small injunctions for the more easy furtherance of thy affairs, 
 the burthen as well as the frowns of which are here too well 
 known to lay some weight on me. I hope an easy access to 
 the rolls office for thy service, and all the patent books, will 
 always be accounted thy receiver-general's due. I never yet 
 would clash with any man, if I could avoid it, and hope I 
 shall keep clear in those cases. Pray be very plain and full to 
 me, remembering my engagements have been, and are, wholly 
 in thy affairs. This place is healthy, and Friends generally 
 well. Honest Samuel Carpenter finely recovered, and has 
 almost finished his works at Bucks. His daughter dangerously 
 ill of her late delivery of a second son. The first is dead. She 
 was, two nights ago, despaired of, and her friends called to see 
 her departing, but since then are some small better hopes. He 
 (S. C), dear Griffith Owen, and Edward Shippen also, give their 
 kindest salutations ; so my landlord, Isaac Norris, and all the 
 family, viz., Richard Hills, &c. Thomas Masters has built an- 
 other stately house,^ the most substantial fabric in the town, on 
 
 'The improvements in Philadelphia this year ('1703) are thus men- 
 tioned by I. Norris, in a letter of this date : — " Things among Friends, 
 in the main, well here. The Bank meeting-house will be finished 
 against the meeting. Here are more good houses built this summer 
 than ever I knew in one since I came into this country. T. Masters 
 has built a stately one, five stories from the lower (Water") street, and 
 three above the upper,, at the corner of High Street, (S. E. corner of
 
 1703.] CORRESPONDENCE. 257 
 
 Laetitia's bank, which, for the improvement of the place, was 
 sold him for ^^"190, including the reversion, about eighteen 
 months ago, and is thought could not be better disposed of; for 
 if her husband should ever desire it again, if Thomas keep his 
 humor, he (William Aubrey) may have it again, in all proba- 
 bility, for less than it cost him by all his labor and most of the 
 ground. Samuel Carpenter has sold the house thou lived in to 
 Wm. Trent,^ for ^850, and the coffee-house to Capt. Finney, for 
 ^^"450, towards paying his debts, and so designs to continue to 
 the last foot he has in the province, if nothing less will do. By 
 these two he affirms he has lost above ^300. I add nothing 
 here which I have mentioned in my former letters, not doubt- 
 ing but they, with the Virginia fleet, may arrive. Our trade to 
 the West Indies is, in general, pro.sperous this year. 
 
 I am, with true respect, &c., J. L. 
 
 Sent inclosed to Danl. Zachary, to be sent by the ship Centu- 
 rion in Boston. 
 
 William Penn to James Logan. 
 
 1th lobr., 1703. 
 I had his (William's) letter with joy, and his wife hers so 
 too. They that press so hard about George Fox's lot have 
 either forgot or do not know it was a bounty, not a pur- 
 chase. I gave the price of the writings as well as the land, and 
 therefore they should be modest in pressing it, and take it where 
 it can be conveniently given; and I do earnestly desire thee at 
 no time to suffer thyself to be prevailed upon to unreasonable 
 grants, for I am in no condition to lavish what I have, since 
 what comes from thence does not feed my horses nor pay my 
 servants' wages. I am not a little sorry nor sensible that things 
 should run so low amongst you at a time when there is so much 
 need of help. 
 
 High and Front Streets.) A. Bickley has built another three-story at 
 the corner next to W. Hudson's." Hudson's corner was the S. E. 
 corner of Chestnut and Third Streets. — L. 
 
 ' [The slate-roof house at southeast corner of Second and Norris's 
 Alley, (now Gatzmer Street,) taken down in 1868, the site now forming 
 a part of that of the Chamber of Commerce. — Editor.] 
 
 VOL. I . — I S
 
 258 PENN AND LOGAN [1703. 
 
 Look but into the first, if not only, map of Philadelphia, and 
 there thou wilt find, N. N., where our meeting-house stands, and 
 Thomas Lloyd had a lot, and how it was disposed of, being my 
 sons' and daughters' High Street lots, reserved by me for their 
 shares, every front lot having an High Street lot belonging to 
 it, and I wish W. Aubrey prove easy therein ; but no more of 
 this. I therefore sent you Rakestraw's letters, that you might 
 make an end with him one way or other; but if he has been 
 otherwise satisfied, methinks he should also submit to some 
 alk)wance. If George Dakein be a Derbyshire man, I know 
 him, and concur in opinion, and will endeavor his relations may 
 know it. 
 
 The island is what should be insisted on, but let it be in the 
 most friendly manner. 
 
 My son's going did not cost me so little as ;{^200, and the 
 land he left destitute of stock at Worminghurst, with the taxes 
 becoming due at his going off, with carpenter's [bills], &c., 
 makes 200 more, and thou mayst imagine how hard it is for me 
 to get it, Ireland so miserably drained and reduced as it is, an 
 account of which I had to-night, at my lodgings, from Sir Fran- 
 cis Brewster's own mouth. 
 
 I this day waited on a great minister of state, to make the 
 council's complaint, whose answer was, that putting upon you 
 latitudes here, which you could not easily comply with there, 
 and so make you uneasy, is what ought not to be suffered, and 
 he resents it so closely that he will speak to the Lords of Trade 
 about it. " Take care," says he, " you injure not the revenue, 
 and other matters ought to be left to your own satisfaction," or 
 to that effect. And I say again, as before, keep to the powers 
 of your patent, and the constitution of your government till 
 altered by express acts of Parliament here, which is not like to 
 be this year. I am ordering beef from Ireland, instead of 
 money, to the West Indies, taking my hazard, since it is so low, 
 3 and 6 and 4s. per 100; nay, I believe it would be a commodity 
 at Pennsylvania, but you have nothing to return. We arc now 
 considering what methods to take for better returns; if they fail, 
 you must, of necessity, learn to sell, if possible.
 
 1703.] CORRESPONDENCE. 259 
 
 Perhaps by this very opportunity you may have a commis- 
 sion under my hand and seal, with R. Mompesson president, 
 and I wish to have my cousin Parmiter attorney-general, for 
 all their clamors against him; else Renier, if he will accept 
 of it, and the other not. If I should send never a commis- 
 sion, upon the opinion of lawyers, my deputy is enabled fo 
 make one, that only will be the reason. It is late, and the 
 packet boat waits the first breath of wind at Falmouth. The 
 original, this being duplicate, is gone for Barbadoes ; this to 
 Antigua by the same. We are upon packet boats for the 
 continent also.^ Let my dear child have my endeared loVe. 
 The Lord direct his ways for his honor, his father's comfort, 
 and his own peace. I like thy frame in parts of the letters. 
 May thou have the religious authority and persuasiveness with 
 him to balance against passion, levity, and so great openness. 
 He has excelling qualities with his lessening infirmities ; so 
 with my love at large, and I end. 
 
 Thy real friend, Wm. Penn. 
 
 All at Worminghurst pretty well the 4th instant. They were 
 choice beavers,^ and I paid for beavers, and they must have been 
 unworthily changed by some or other; we have none better 
 now going. 
 
 The opinion of all lawyers is that [illegible] of those statutes 
 only reach you that mention you, and therefore you are not 
 obliged to take either affirmation or abjuration, &c. 
 
 William Penn to Colonel, Evans and the Council. 
 
 London, 13//; \oth-mo., 1703. 
 Well-beloved Friends: — I am with reason earnestly soli- 
 cited by the adventurers of the old Pennsylvania company to 
 press you to call before you those members of it in that prov- 
 ince with whom the power of that society now resteth, to urge 
 them that with all possible speed they would transmit an account 
 
 ^ That is, establishing of them. — L. 
 
 * Hats mentioned in a former letter. — L.
 
 260 PENN AND LOGAN [1703. 
 
 to those concerned here, or to me to comnuinicatc to them, of 
 the estate of the company there, as well after what manner they 
 have disposed any goods, and for what, as what yet remains 
 that's personal or real in goods or land; also, that as near as 
 you can, send over an estimate of the value of the lands as well 
 as the quantity, and discourage any sale thereof upon other terms 
 than those of an equal dividend to those interested as well here 
 as there in proportion to their adventures. In short, it is a cry- 
 ing case here, and but that I and mine are so deeply involved 
 and have the merit of having lightened the great load of so 
 many chargeable and useless officers and servants, or else all 
 had been gone in two year's time, to justify my inclinations and 
 endeavors to preserve it, I could never have bore up against the 
 complaints and importunities of those here so much concerned 
 therein. Therefore for the honor of the province let us have as 
 speedy and just an account of this whole matter, together with 
 your advice, upon conferring with those few there chiefly inter- 
 ested, as time will allow: in which you will oblige many consid- 
 erable and substantial persons here, as well as the suffering and 
 needy, and acquit yourselves acceptably to 
 
 Your loving and true friend, Wm. Penn. 
 
 Stand upon your patent powers and your constitution and 
 laws in pursuance thereof strictly, and play not, for fear of your 
 enemies and the courtiers, about your privileges, as I perceive by 
 some late letters. Wm. Penn. 
 
 Addressed : " For my trusty and well-beloved friends Col. 
 Evans, Deputy Governor, and the Council of Pennsylvania at 
 Philadelphia."^ 
 
 ^ [A copy of this paper, varying somewhat, was read in the provincial 
 council on the 4th 3d-mo., 1704, but the " remarkable postscript," as 
 Mrs. Logan properly styles it, is not found upon the minutes. Per- 
 haps some of the members felt too deeply the keenness of its reproof. 
 
 This order was made : 
 
 " Ordered thereupon, that Benj. Chambers, Ffra. Rawle, and Jos. 
 Pigeon, y* persons now principally concerned here, be summoned 
 forthwith, to bring in their acco" of the s*" society, to be inspected 
 and considered by persons to be appointed by this board for that." 
 
 Frequent orders consequent upon the application appear upon the 
 minutes, and the following seems to be the final disposition of it:
 
 1703.] CORRESPONDENCE. 261 
 
 [The indorsement on the following letter is quite obliterated, 
 it not appearing to whom it was addressed, but it is probably an 
 answer to the foregoing one.^ — L.] 
 
 London, 31X/ loth-mo., 1703. 
 
 KsTEEMED Friends : — I heartily salute you, wishing you and 
 yours true happiness. I perceive by divers letters as well as 
 that I received from most of you, the restless endeavors of a few 
 malcontents to throw the government into confusion, that they 
 may have the better excuse and pretence for changing the gov- 
 ernment, and shifting it from the hands in which now it is : 
 
 xStly, as for instance, that you are careless about the laws of 
 trade and navigation, because you are not cruel and extortion- 
 ate, where facts relating thereunto have happened through igno- 
 rance or undesigned omission, as in the case of poor Lumbey, 
 Kirle, and Righton, to say nothing of the barbarous treatment 
 of George Claypole and Thomas Masters, for which Quary and 
 Moore deserve the aversion and scorn of all honest men, and I 
 doubt not but they will find it in due time. 
 
 "Benjamin Chambers, in company with Francis Rawle, appearing 
 in pursuance. of y« order of last sitting, was examined concerning 
 y« affairs of y® society, and he was ordered to give an ace' of y« 
 whole transactions to Edward Shippen, to be by him transmitted to 
 England." 
 
 The "Free Society of Traders," or, as it was sometimes called, the 
 " Pennsylvania Company," was a very singular incorporation: very 
 little is known of its history ; its charter from Penn of March 25, 1682, 
 conferred the most liberal and extraordinary powers ever given in Penn- 
 sylvania to a corporation. It had the right to trade, to hold 20,000 
 acres in a body, which was erected into a manor " by the name of the 
 Manor of Frank," to hold a court baron within the said manor, also 
 a " court leet and view of frank-pledge," and " to have and determine 
 all pleas and controversies, as well civil as criminal, within the said 
 manor, wherein no other justices or other officers of the said prov- 
 ince shall intermeddle." It was dSiimpcrium in imperio. The charter is 
 for the first time printed by Mr. Hazard in his "Annals," page 542, 
 from a copy recorded in the county of Bucks. Where the "Manor of 
 Frank" was situated we have never ascertained. It is likely the powers 
 given were never fully carried out. Those who feel a curiosity as to 
 the history of the society may consult Hazard' s Annals-; i Hazard's 
 Register, 394; 2 Col. Reco?-ds, it,6, 153, 160, 163 ; 3 ditto, 138.— Editor.] 
 
 ' [The letter to which Mrs. Logan supposes this to be an answer is 
 that found on page 214, addressed by Edward Shippen and others to 
 the proprietary. — Editor.]
 
 262 PENN AND LOGAN [l/OS- 
 
 2dly. The next instance is their outcry for want of a militia 
 to defend them in time of danger, and then strenuously endea- 
 vor to defeat the means of obtaining and settling it. 
 
 3dly. After all their aggravations about trying for life without 
 an oath, they have discouraged the methods taken by my Lieut. 
 Governor Hamilton, to the obstruction of justice, which might 
 accommodate that matter, than which hardly anything can ap- 
 pear more disingenuous. 
 
 4thly. I was astonished at the account of the address deliv- 
 ered by Quary, in the name of the vestry in Philadelphia to 
 Lord Cornbury, at his last being there, and I admire, almost as 
 much, your extreme patience, under so impudent an affront and 
 injustice. I suppose it was out of respect to that noble lord ; 
 otherwise, I think, had I been there I should have made those 
 gentlemen sensible of the smart of that power they have so 
 often abused in your hands, and for that reason now would 
 have wrested out of them. But his answer, I confess, as it 
 comes from thence, shows his prudence and their folly, and 
 with the addition of what his father, the Earl of Clarendon, told 
 me, t' other day, upon my mentioning to him the unaccountable- 
 ness of that passage in their address, as well as his great justice, 
 for, says he, I will never solicit the Queen, or anybody else, for 
 that which is the property of another man. 
 
 5thly. I also understand that these open defiances to the gov- 
 ernment they have got their bread under, have excited many of 
 my renters, in the lower counties, to refuse the payment of 
 my quit-rents ; an unhappincss, poor people, to themselves, at 
 long run, for I am determined to show them they are in the 
 wrong, and forgive them when they have submitted to their old 
 kind and abused landlord ; but perhaps their leaders may have 
 cause, one time or other, to wish they had not misled them from 
 their duty and common justice. 
 
 My present indisposition, which they say is the beginning of 
 the gout, makes writing uneasy to me, or else you had had all 
 this from my own hand. I shall conclude when I have said, I 
 expect from you that you will maintain my just rights and privi- 
 leges, both in government and property, granted to me by 
 King Charles II., under the great seal of England, and by James,
 
 1703.] CORRESPONDENCE. 263 
 
 Duke of York, his royal brother, and the constitution, laws, 
 and customs unitedly and universally fixed and established in 
 that government long before the coming of those troublers of 
 our peace amongst us ; for you cannot think that I shall sup- 
 port them here, if you submit them there to the unjust clamors 
 and insolent practices of those notorious enemies to our public 
 peace. I am your very. loving friend, William Penn. 
 
 William Penn to James Logan. 
 
 London, 31^-/ \oth-mo., 1703. 
 I have writ to thee by the packet boats for Barbadoes and 
 Antigua. I think fit to add, by this opportunity of a New York, 
 or, at least. New England ship, that the defence thou sentst me, 
 with an abstract of the requisite parts of thy letters, and William 
 Clark's, are ready to be laid before the Lords of Trade and Planta- 
 tions, together with the council's letter, that the mischievous and 
 disingenuous practices of our enemies may be set in a clear light 
 before them, an account of the success of which you may ex- 
 pect, so soon as opportunity presents ; but I must mourn to 
 think you play so much the courtiers towards your enemies in 
 your tenderest privileges. I have, therefore, pressed the coun- 
 cil (I hope I need not, my deputy governor, after he has con- 
 sidered the instructions I have given) to maintain the powers 
 of my charter, and their own constitution, laws, and customs ; 
 and I again desire they will not, under any fear or apprehension 
 whatever, be unjust to themselves and their posterity, as well as 
 to me and mine ; but I admire of the great omission Wm. 
 Clark's letter tells me of, that, by I know not what fatality, the 
 lower counties were left out of the commission, though my present 
 lieutenant governor, and the Queen's approbation, comprehend 
 them. I more than hope it has pleased God to bring both him 
 and my son safe among you : make the best use you can of them 
 for the public good, in which only I seek that of my poor 
 family. Fear not my bargain with the Crown, for it shall never 
 be made without a security to the inhabitants, according to the 
 constitution and laws of the country, though my supplies to
 
 264 PENN AND LOGAN [1703-4. 
 
 defend them, and obtain their confirmation, come so coldly and 
 slowly to my support, 
 
 I have thy last express, and was comforted with it ; and toll 
 J. Guest and others how well I take their courage and service. 
 That will speak for itself, while we exceed not our own powers 
 and laws ; for I have not mentioned the presumption and disin- 
 genuity of our enemies to any minister, lord, or commoner, as 
 by thyself and Wm. C. related, that have not expressed their 
 aversion to such practices, and I hope shortly to send you a let- 
 ter from the government, in dislike of such proceedings, which 
 I mention for your encouragement. Salute me not only to my 
 declared friends, but the moderate and ingenuous, what names 
 soever they bear. 
 
 Time suffers me not to enlarge, the ship being fallen down to 
 Gravesend, and my notice of this conveniency not exceeding 
 36 hours. Inclosed is a letter to my son from myself, and in 
 that, one from his affectionate wife. I am going down to them, 
 where they were all well yesterday, through the mercy of God. 
 
 A Scotch plot,' some differences between the houses of Par- 
 liament, and the new king of Spain's being here, allow me a few 
 days of respite at Worminghurst for my better health and re- 
 freshment. Continue thy diligence ; I have made no ill use of 
 it, hitherto, as to thy credit. Be wise and bold in a good cause. 
 I commit you all to the great Preserver of men, and am 
 
 Thy loving friend, Wm. Penn. 
 
 Honorable Sirs : — I foimerly acquainted your honors with 
 the answer I had from Mr. Moore, when the records, papers, and 
 
 ' [A plot in which Simon Fraser, head of the clan of Frasers, and who 
 assumed the title of Lord Lovat, bore a prominent part. Having been 
 commissioned by the Court of St. Germain to treat with the Highland 
 chieftains who were still attached to the Stuart interest, he appears to 
 have intrigued with the Duke of Queensberry, to whom, for purposes 
 of his own, he betrayed the secret of his mission. Upon his return 
 to France, under an assumed name, by a pass obtained through 
 Queensberry, he was regarded by his employers as a spy, and thrown 
 into the Bastille. The affair was thought deserving of a message from 
 the Queen, and not the least singular part of the transaction was the 
 zeal manifested by the Peers in an investigation which the House seem 
 to have been disposed to treat with contempt. — Editor.]
 
 1703-4-] CORRESPONDENCE. 265 
 
 the seal belonging to the register-general's office were by your 
 honors' order demanded of him, which amounted to a positive 
 denial. I shall not reflect upon the contempt of the govern- 
 ment nor his slight of your honors' authority. My humble 
 request is, that your honors would be pleased to enable me as 
 far as may be to perform my duty without the said records, 
 papers, and seal, until such time Mr. Moore may be compelled 
 to deliver them. In order thereunto, I humbly crave your 
 honors' permission to make use of my own seal as sufficient for 
 the register's office, there being nor ever was any law or order 
 for establishing a public seal to that office, or to grant me an 
 order to provide one that may be so established, and in the 
 mean time to use my own seal. And I farther request that your 
 honors will grant me a general order to all the clerks of the 
 counties, that upon my request they would read my commission 
 in their respective county courts, and record the same in their 
 county records. I humbly beg pardon for this trouble, and re- 
 main. Your honors' most humble servant, 
 
 Wm. Markham. 
 Philadelphia, ycz«. 8, 1703-4.' 
 
 I. NoRRis TO Samuel Chew.^ 
 
 \2th \2th-7no., 1703-4. 
 .... The governor and W. Penn, junior, caught us napping; 
 they arrived late at night, unheard to all the town, and at a 
 time when we were big with the expectation of a Queen's gov- 
 ernor 
 
 James Logan to William Penn. 
 
 Philadelphia, \^th \zth-mo., 1703-4. 
 Honored Governor: — Thy son by this same opportunity 
 informing thee of his arrival, to his pen, as most able and proper, 
 
 ' [This was addressed to the provincial council, and is mentioned in 
 their minutes of 12th January, 1703-4. Markham was accordingly or- 
 dered to use his own seal, and the clerks of the counties were re- 
 quired to publish his commission. 2 P. M., 113. — Editor.] 
 
 ''■ [From the Norris MSS. — Editor.]
 
 266 PENN AND LOGAN [1703-4. 
 
 I leave the account of his tedious voyage. Governor Evans 
 also would write, but because he cannot so fully, nor to so many 
 as he thinks himself obliged when to any, he craves to be ex- 
 cused to thee in particular, nor indeed will time allow of any of 
 us to be large. 
 
 By thy son, who arrived with the governor, the 2d instant, I 
 received thine of the 27th 6th-mo., and shall observe the con- 
 tents, as far as possible, though unable now to answer any part 
 of it more than this, that from the blame I lay under, from my 
 infrequency, as 't is thought, in writing, I desire the perusal of 
 the inclosed may acquit me. The original was sent by the man- 
 of-war Centurion from Boston, and recites my letters with the 
 greatest fidelity. 
 
 'T is a great unhappiness that so many of mine had the fortune 
 to go by such unprosperous vessels. Directing to York to one 
 interested in the Cornbury, Captain Symonds, they were all I 
 find put on board her, but by this day's post am informed that 
 the captain happily threw all his leters, and therefore some dan- 
 gerous packets of mine, overboard. I am troubled for many 
 papers there, and especially for some bills of exchange for £100 
 sterling, for to our great trouble we have, by the same post, 
 some advices that give us apprehensions of Ed. Shippcn's, Jr., in 
 the Experiment, Captain Watson master, by whom I sent the 
 2d of the same, being also unfortunate ; and 't is probable Capt. 
 Puckle also, both in the Virginia fleet. If true, I doubt of £1,600 
 which I have sent off by several ways this year, nothing will as yet 
 have come to hand, for that to Barbadoes and Carolina I know 
 is impossible. I hear of nothing to Barbadoes yet that has 
 miscarried. 
 
 Thy son's voyage hither I hope will prove to the satisfaction 
 of all, and to his and therefore thy happiness. It is his stock 
 of excellent good nature that in a great measure has led him out 
 into his youthful sallies when too easily prevailed on ; and the 
 same, I hope, when seasoned with the influence of his prevail- 
 ingly better judgment, with which he is well stored, will hap- 
 pily conduct him into the channel of his duty to God, himself, 
 and thee. 
 
 He is very well received, and seldom fails of drawing love
 
 1703-4] CORRESPONDENCE. 267 
 
 where he comes, and hope it will be increased ; 't is his good 
 fortune here to be withdrawn from those temptations that have 
 been too successful over his natural sweetness and yielding tem- 
 per with his associates. 
 
 The governor's arrival was extremely seasonable to thy in- 
 terest here, for, as by the inclosed copy thou wilt find, we thought 
 all positively gone. The report was owing to Col. Usher, who 
 confidently reported, and persists in it, but has not been so fair 
 as to send me thy letters by him, which, perhaps, might have 
 contradicted it, nor have I ever received thy other sent to the 
 postmaster of York, the vessel I suppose never having arrived, 
 so that since Judge Mompesson I have never received more 
 than one, by D. Zachary. I shall undertake to say nothing, as 
 yet, of the governor, only that he has enlarged the council by 
 adding Judge Mompesson, William Trent, Richard Hill, and 
 nu'self, and for the territories, Jasper Yeates, William Rodney, 
 and intends to add R. French, and perhaps I. Coutts, as new — 
 whither he intends to-morrow. Thy son also, whom I should 
 have first mentioned, takes a place at the board when he thinks 
 fit, next to the governor. The only difficulty we now labor 
 under is the separation of the province and territories by means 
 of that unhappy charter of privileges, which I doubt is unavoid- 
 able, though all endeavors to the contrary will be used. I in- 
 formed thee of this by the Messenger, loth-br, 1702, which thou 
 received, and therefore admire, as the governor does with much 
 trouble, that thou hast never taken notice of it. I much fear 
 the consequences, notwithstanding all endeavors that can be 
 used, for the territories will not own the charter, nor the prov- 
 ince quit it, or I believe ever more hear of an union, if to be 
 prevented. I sent the minutes of council in many sheets at 
 large, by the York vessel, having first by my said letter given 
 thee a summary of the whole. 
 
 Pray send over a fresh commission to the council, with power 
 to succeed the governor in case of absence or mortality, agree- 
 able to his choice, if thou thinks fit, which was made by the 
 advice of others, reciting the powers as in the governor's com- 
 mission, both from the king and duke, that should he be removed 
 the government may not be at a loss as heretofore. I sent a
 
 268 PENN AND LOGAN [1703-4. 
 
 copy of the present commission with the other papers, and 
 either in that or in the governor's there ought to be a power 
 continued to add members, or suspend, as there is occasion: 'tis 
 now in that to the council; but in the governor's there is one 
 clause that will much disgust, viz., saving to thyself a final assent 
 to all bills, and which I must confess I think is too much in any 
 but those relating to thy property, and will be a check against 
 granting public supplies, seeing they cannot be sure that any- 
 thing besides will pass, and three negatives to the assembly 
 will be thought too much. It might be advi.sable also, perhaps, 
 to oblige the governor to act in legislation by advice and consent 
 of the council, as in all the Queen's governments, which would 
 be thy greater security. But what must the territories do if the 
 province proceed to act without them, for I doubt there is no 
 foundation there for an assembly, though I believe it will be 
 tried. 
 
 The present governor will not be rash, I suppose, but a good 
 council adds to the dignity of government; the present is W. 
 Pehn, Jr., Roger Mompesson, Edward Shippen, Jo-hn Guest, 
 'William Clark, Samuel Carpenter, Thomas Story, Griffith Owen, 
 Samuel Finney, Caleb Pusey, John Blunston, J. C, William Trent, 
 Richard Hill, William Rodney J. Yeatcs, and J. Logan, and 
 Richard French and James Coutts I suppose must be added for 
 the territories. Col. Quary malces his court to the governor, 
 and this day entertained nim at dinner with Judge Mompesson, 
 &c., at his house He now declares an entire satisfaction, and 
 would be inclinable, I suppose, to have all old things done away. 
 There is no danger, I think, of the governor's being wrought 
 upon by any of them, for he seems very true to thy interests in 
 all respects ; yet is inclinable to make as fair weather as he can 
 in the government, which doubtless is not unadvisable, but 
 exceedingly troubled that he understood^ nothing of this dif- 
 
 ^The author of "An Historical Review of the Constitution and Gov- 
 ernment of Pennsylvania" says that Governor Evans, "having con- 
 vened the representatives of the province and territories to meet him 
 -at the same time in the council chamber, he affected to be surprised at 
 finding them in separate states, &c." This letter proves that his sur- 
 prise was no affectation. — L.
 
 1703-4] CORRESPONDENCE. 269 
 
 ference between the upper and lower counties before he left 
 England. 
 
 The address to the Queen shall be prepared with all expedi- 
 tion, as desired, but whether it can be carried to answer the end 
 I know not, and shall observe thy other directions, though, I 
 cannot here mention them ; only must again tell thee, as I have 
 before, that we have scarcely been able to do anything almost 
 in the tax of ;i^2,ooo since thy departure, but now will hope we 
 shall be able to better purpose to press it. I have often been 
 large on this head before, though this be the first time thou hast 
 mentioned it to me since. The subscriptions by Friends, amount- 
 ing to about ^300, has been mostly paid in flour according to 
 the tenor, and what remains will now be got in, which, had not 
 a governor come, would not have been, but it is the worst pay 
 almost in the country, in Bucks especially. The tax excepted, 
 the incredible scarcity of money makes all things of that kind 
 difficult; what is now demanded in relation to the tax^ is a con- 
 firmation of the laws, and another unhappiness is that none 
 among Friends can be got to distrain, and others are generally 
 too much disaffected for it. I admire what thou means by de- 
 siring the promised copy of the laws, having sent it by J. Sotcher 
 twent}- months ago, and doubtless came safe to hand with the 
 rest. As to lowering of our money, if I might advise, I would 
 by all means persuade thee 7iot to be concerned in it, for thy 
 profit by it, considering the rents are sterling, will be but very 
 little, and the dissatisfaction of the people in general great. 
 For most certainly, unless we find some trade again with the 
 Spanish Indies, we shall shortly have none left, whether raised 
 or lowered or not touched with ; yet if lowered, the exportation 
 of it will be wholly imputed to this, whatever else the cause may 
 be, and those conccrpicd in it bear the blame; besides that, un- 
 less provision be made for debts contracted before, it will be the 
 greatest injustice, and some men's, especially S. Carpenter's ruined, 
 who is almost irrecoverably plunged in debt, unless times here 
 
 ' This tax I take to be the one levied, upon the proprietor's departure, 
 to defray the expenses incident to a proper representation of the col- 
 ony's interest at the seat of government in the mother country. — L.
 
 2/0 PENN AND LOGAN [1703-4. 
 
 mend. Pray inform further what thou means by ordering me 
 to pay what I receive into S. Carpenter's hands ; he has already 
 i^200 of Lctitia's money on interest, which he knows not how 
 to pay. But of these points shall be more full by a better op^ 
 portunity; in the mean time though, through the unhappy cir- 
 cumstances of affairs of trade in general, thou must meet with 
 many disappointments, yet thou may rest assured I shall leave 
 nothing undone for thy interest that, considering all circum- 
 stances, can reasonably be expected. 
 
 James Logan to William Penn. 
 
 New Castle, 18M \2th-m0., 1703-4. 
 We are now here, conferring with those of the lower coun- 
 ties. The governor is handsomely received, and the people 
 seem not dissatisfied. He has published his commission and 
 the Queen's approbation here also, for their greater satisfaction. 
 Upon a conference, this day, 'tis agreed that, notwithstanding 
 the assembly of the province hath thrown them off, by doubling 
 their own number of representatives, according to the clause of 
 the charter, yet upon the governor's writs they will meet at 
 Philadelphia, four for each county, according to law; and 
 if, by conferences with those of the province, it can be done, 
 they proceed to an union ; if not, that they continue separate, 
 as they now conceive themselves to be, and which, I suppose, 
 will be the result of the whole. Thy son is also here, and car- 
 ries it well. But the tide hastening the vessel away, (for Barba- 
 does,) I must at this time break off and close. 
 
 Thy most dutiful J. LoGAN. 
 
 William Penn to James Logan. 
 
 London, \oth \st-tno., 1703-4. 
 I hope, ere now my son and lieutenant governor are arrived. 
 This comes by Edward Shippen and N. Puckle, to whom I 
 refer thee as to generals and common news, and the prints that
 
 1703-4] CORRESPONDENCE. 2/1 
 
 come with thera. And in the first place know, that I have re- 
 ceived none from thee since I writ largely to thee, by way of 
 Barbadoes and Antigua, and since, a shorter to the council, and 
 so to thee, by way of New England, duplicates of which go 
 now; and I hope, and please myself to think, you will be quick- 
 ened to show yourselves men in that affair, to wit, of Quary's 
 and his few venomous adherents' proceedings against the govern- 
 ment ; and that you will no longer endure those contempts which 
 I take to be a betraying of the rights of the people, as well as 
 mine and my posterities. I have made good use of the defence 
 thou sent me, the council's letter, and passages out of thine 
 much to the purpose. And the very Lords Commissioners^ are 
 at last come to dislike his busy and turbulent proceedings, and 
 I hope for a letter next week, to send by this or next opportu- 
 nity to New York in nineteen or twenty days' time, from that 
 board, to reprimand his behavior, having convinced them, by the 
 instances you gave me of his disingenuous practices, as well as 
 injurious, as also that I have shown them that the counties he has 
 seduced from their duty, are the only tobacco folks, and that the 
 only enumerated commodity in our country; as also that the 
 people of the territories purged by their address to the late 
 king, anno -^H, the colony from Col. Quary's imputations upon 
 us about trade, and who also, anno 1684, did by their address 
 to the king and duke (of York) highly express their satisfaction 
 in me, and their union with the upper counties, (and which was 
 indeed their seeking,) returning their humble thanks to both, 
 for sending them so kind a landlord, and so good a governor ; 
 and therefore to Quary's foul treatment, and the protection he 
 brags there he has here, I owe that great defection those poor 
 people have been led into of late. In short, I am more likely 
 to keep my government than ever, or to have some equivalent 
 for it ; and take this from me : T/ia^ if yoit. do but the Queen 
 justice in her revenue, and discountenance illegal trade ^ and allow 
 the administration their jurisdiction so far as agrees with the attor- 
 
 ' These lords had set their faces very decidedly against proprietary 
 governments, as will be seen by extracts from an old paper, apparendy 
 the draught of bill for annexing proprietary governments to the Crown.* 
 
 * [These will be Touud in note 2, Appendix. — Editor.]
 
 2/2 PENN AND LOGAN [1703-4. 
 
 ney-gencraVs opinion I sent yoii} you will not be molested hence, 
 but protected. This the ministry assures me here, and I do 
 require it of the lieutenant governor, the council, and magistrates, 
 that the}' maintain to the utmost the powers of my grant, and 
 the authorit}' of the laws; and if Quary, or any of his rude and 
 ungrateful gang, offer to invade or affront them, that they feel 
 the smart of them. His being an officer in the revenue shall 
 not exempt him from correction, or support him in his seditious 
 and factious practices with impunity. I have perused thy letter 
 to Lord Cornbury, and bating thy conformity to S. J.'s ilP ex- 
 ample, though he is more justifiable being under his govern- 
 ment, I like it well, and thy zeal as well as arguments, and I say 
 " Go onr 
 
 I am to send a copy of Quary's, and his packed vestry's ad- 
 dress to the Lords of Trade, which Lord Clarendon gives me 
 from his son's, if not that his son sent him, for they are ashamed 
 at hearing of so impudent a thing. I could almost send orders 
 to have him (Quary) prosecuted with the utmost rigor, and if I 
 can find encouragement from the learned in the law here that 
 it may be done to purpose, I think to do it per this or next 
 opportunity, which keep to thyself, till thou hearcst more of it. 
 My duplicate to the council of the 31st loth-mo., that is inclosed 
 with thine, is not directed to the council, through haste, being 
 ready to take horse upon a journey: do thou supply it, and 
 write, " For the Council of Pennsylvania and Territories," and 
 give it to them as from mc. 
 
 For William Rakestraw's^ atfair, if I can find time, I will write 
 to him; however, positively let the case be heard fairly, and see 
 where and how it comes to pinch: 1st, if it was done by my 
 order; 2d, if not, by whose? Let you make him satisfaction, 
 for that I must ever do it for other men's injustice, and partiality 
 
 '[The italics are Penn's. —Editor.] 
 
 * This was using the style of " my lord " in the letter wliich the sec- 
 retary wrote to Lord Cornbury from Samuel Jennings's, at Burlington, 
 upon occasion of Quary and the vestry's presenting their address to 
 his lordship. — L. 
 
 ' James Logan obtained a judgment of the meeting against Rake- 
 straw, who was obliged to retract his scandalous clamors against the 
 pro]:rietor. — L.
 
 1703-4-] CORRESPONDENCE. 273 
 
 is hard. I leave it to the Board of Property to quiet him from 
 further noise and squabble. But one thing take with thee that 
 lot my cousin Marlcham has almost against his house. I will ' 
 not allow him, nor anybody else, and had rather pay Rakestraw 
 the value of his claim as worth when I gave it him, or the man's 
 in whose right or place he came, and the interest of it to this 
 day: though Col. Markham and he once agreed to it. Look unto 
 it and keep minutes of all that passes, that your offers and car- 
 riage to him may justify you, if he comes hither to clamor, as he 
 threatens, or employs a relation he has here. Casper Hoodi 
 and John Warder have writ to me about their thirds : I am con- 
 tent to return them, taking a little now and a little then, I for- 
 get the quantum. Pray call to mind Richard Bainham's sale to 
 me of 300 acres of land he bought of William Biddle ; the writings 
 I left with thee, and I desire a claim may be made of it upon Wil- 
 liam Biddle ; a good support of mine upon the island, that out of that 
 I may be satisfied for the half I allowed him for his wife's and son's 
 and daughter's life; make the best, since those 300 acres where 
 
 ^ The following anecdote I have heard from Charles Thompson, Esq. : 
 Anthony Duche, a respectable Protestant refugee from France, came 
 with his wife over to Pennsylvania in the same ship with William Penn, 
 who had borrowed a small sum of money (under thirty pounds) of 
 him. After their arrival he waited on the proprietor for repayment, 
 who told him if he would take a lot in lieu of the money he should 
 have a good bargain, and offered him the square in High Street, be- 
 tween Third and Fourth Streets, with only the exception of the burial- 
 ground occupied by Friends on Mulberry and Fourth Streets, (and 
 which was first offered to Thomas Lloyd, his wife being the first person 
 interred there,) the proprietor observing that he knew the lot was 
 very cheap, but that he had been obliged by the money, and besides 
 he wished to do something for those who had adventured with him into 
 this new country. "You are very good, Mr. Penn," replied Duch^, 
 "and I dare say the bargain would be advantageous enough, but it 
 would better suit me now to have the money. " " Blockhead, ' ' rejoined 
 the proprietor, provoked at his overlooking tlie intended benefit ; 
 "well, well, thou shalt have the money, but canst thou not see that 
 this will be a very great city in a very little time?"* "So I was paid," 
 continued Duch^, "and have ever since regretted my own folly." Thos. 
 Lloyd declined having a grant of the ground for himself, but wished it to 
 be given to Friends for a burial-ground, and it was accordingly done. — L. 
 
 * [This anecdote is related of Ladd, and with more point; to whom, on his 
 
 refusal to accept, Penn replied, " , I perceive thou art a Ladd by name and a 
 
 lad by nature, for dost thou not perceive this will become a great city ? " — Editor.] 
 VOL. I. — 19
 
 274 PENN AND LOGAN [1703-4. 
 
 they were sold to \V. R. were one of the corners of allotment, viz., 
 Rancocus Creek, would now be worth 2, if not ^^"300. Make all 
 the returns thou canst to me, but of my own, not my dauy^hter's, 
 as unhappily thou sentest them word, but withal, pray see that 
 the attorneys there do return discreetly and expeditiously, or I 
 may pay the reckoning of their weakness. Lessen interest as 
 thou payest with them, pray. I have a good opinion of their 
 honesty and love to me. 
 
 I hear not a word about land improvements at Pennsbury, 
 but of divers of the declining condition of it, notwithstanding 
 the money I laid out when there to help it ; also that John 
 works to his trade, and yet has great wages of me ; [at] what if 
 twenty or thirty servants were under him at the hard labor of 
 tobacco-planting in Maryland or Virginia, would be an exceed- 
 ing salary : but this may be only noise, and ill will, for I love 
 him and Mary. 
 
 I am at a loss till I hear from you, how my deputy governor is 
 received, as also my poor boy, for methinks their arrival ought 
 to give you quiet, and silence the objections of your base enemies 
 for an approved governor. 
 
 I offered the Lords Commissioners t'other day, either that we 
 might be bought out, or have liberty to buy out our turbulent 
 churchmen, and they wished it were so, the latter they said. I 
 desired them to forward it, and I assured them I would find four 
 amongst us that could and would do it. They are thoroughly 
 apprised of your hardships, and so are greater persons ; and 
 Quary will have a rebuke by this opportunity, or with the New 
 York convoy, from that board, as before noted. 
 
 I have further inquired about the hats sent to honest G. Owen 
 and thyself, and they were the best of beavers now worn, and I 
 remember to have opened the box on purpose to see them, and 
 what hats he sent for [the] servants ; and I wear no better than 
 [they] appeared to me to have been, and I am satisfied there has 
 been foul play, which is an abominable thing, wherever it has been. 
 
 I had a letter from the Lords Commissioners for Trade, &c., 
 upon occasion of one from Sir Thomas Lawrence,* that vox et 
 
 * [This is, we suppose, the Sir Thomas Lawrence who, in 1695, had a
 
 1703-4] CORRESPONDENCE. 2/5 
 
 prcetcna nihil, complaining of contemptuous expressions used by 
 Thomas Story in public meetings against baptism and the Lord's 
 Supper, in Maryland, last general meeting ; a silly knight, though 
 I hope it comes of officious weakness, the talent of that gentle- 
 man, with some malice, rather than an unnecessary attack on the 
 part of Thomas Story, or in irreverent terms. I never heeded it, 
 only said, if that gentleman had sense enough for his office, he 
 might have known his tale was no part of it, and that the rude- 
 ness and perpetual clamor and writing of George Keith, and the 
 rest of the drunken crew of priests in those parts, in their pul- 
 pits, with public challenges besides, gave occasion for what 
 passed ; that he was a discreet and temperate man, and did not 
 use to exceed in his retorts or returns. But 't is children's work 
 to provoke a combat, and then cry out that such an one beats 
 them. I hoped they were not a committee of conscience, nor 
 religion, and that it showed the shallowness of the gentleman 
 that played the busybody in it; however, let Griffith Owen men- 
 tion this to Thomas, least time fail me. Though I took physic 
 to-day, and hoped for privacy, twenty people of quality have 
 broke in upon me, and they say the ships will sail in two days. 
 If I can send the newspapers I will. 
 
 I. Ash I have been extremely civil to, but the lords proprie- 
 taries will. do nothing without hearing first from t'other side, so 
 that he is under a distracting disappointment. He is an ingeni- 
 ous man, very sharp, and for that reason quick and too strict, 
 nice and uneasy. Poor man, he was yesterday dying, but hope 
 he is better to-night. I wish him well through this world, to a 
 better. Benjamin Ffurlcy ^ writ lately to me from Holland, as 
 if difficulties were made about assigning him his Front and 
 High Street lot, which if any, was on Schuylkill side, was his 
 
 conversation with Pilsworth on "matters relating to New York," and 
 who was then her Majesty's secretary for the colony of Maryland. 
 4 Documents relating to the Col. Hist, of N. V., 167. — Editor.] 
 
 'As agent for William Penn, B. Furley had sold the tract of land 
 to the Germans who settled Germantown, and was very instrumental 
 in encouraging them to emigrate to Pennsylvania. He was a minister 
 of the gospel among Friends, and had travelled much in Germany on 
 that account, sometimes with W. Penn. He was an author too: an odtl 
 but apparently learned printed work of his is in the library at Sten- 
 ton. — L.
 
 276 PENN AND LOGAN [17O3-4. 
 
 purchase before the 2d 6th-mo., 1682. If so, aright, else not, for 
 the 100 lots or shares were up to whom only the town lots were 
 granted. Also I promised him, or his wife rather, lying in at 
 that time, that each of her boys should have a lot. Let them, 
 so soon as I send their names, a lot of 25 or 30 or 40 feet, next 
 them already entitled by purchase, among the 500. acres' pur- 
 chasers. 
 
 Forget not Tace Sowle,^ our only stationer now, as well as 
 printer, to countenance her attorney in taking up her land in 
 right of her father, which was his gift to her. Also pray say 
 something to the Churchills about their ^^40 cargo. 
 
 There is one John Lask, or Lisk, thy countryman, or father's, 
 highly recommended by Robt. and David Barclay, and their 
 uncle Gilbert Molleston, a solid Friend in town, as are the other 
 two, for their time, as an ingenious man, somewhat of a scholar, 
 a civilian too, but a good writer, and bred much of a merchant. 
 I would have him in thy office, or in the receipt of quit-rents, or 
 what may be worth [to] him £$0 per an., and countenance to 
 boot. He may be useful. Pray be regardful to him, and direct 
 him as to persons and things, being a stranger. Pray what came 
 of James Claypole's debt, my cousin Silas's brother-in-law, in 
 East Jerseys purchase ? 
 
 Pray be very mindful of my Jersey lands, and remember my 
 last about the old king's grant to me at Pennsbury. Inquire 
 of Bass, and look over a paper, in the nature of a certificate of 
 survey, Daniel Leeds gaye or sent me, or the captain, the col- 
 lector that was at Burlington, about my two proprieties. What 
 did young Cox at Salem? Be full, pray, on these points. We 
 hear nothing of the Pennsbury Galley yet. I earnestly desire 
 
 ' Proud, in his History of Pennsylvania, note to page 226, men- 
 tions Andrew Soule, printer, in Shoreditch, London, 1684. This per- 
 son was probably his daughter; and it is here meant that she was at 
 that time printer to the Society of Friends in London. She married, 
 in 1706, Thomas Raylton, who was continued in the business, in which 
 they were afterwards succeeded by their daughter, Tace Sowle Rayl- 
 ton. The land marked for Andrew Sowle in the old map, is in Phila- 
 delphia County, near the head of Wissahickon, then called Whitpain's 
 Creek. Both that and the township of that name were called after 
 Richard Whitpain, one of the earliest; settlers. — L.
 
 1703-4-] CORRESPONDENCE. 277 
 
 our folk would make their tobacco more correctly, or give it 
 over, for we lose intolerably by it, besides the great dishonor to 
 our country. Remember poor Johnnee, the little American, 
 according to what I writ, both of his grandfather's lot and land, 
 and what I gave him in my former letters. I will have no more 
 bank lots disposed of, nor keys yet made into the river, without 
 my special and fresh leave, for reasons justifiable. Tell my son 
 I met my wife and his at young S. Tilley's marriage, near Guil- 
 ford, and then they were well ; and by two letters since their 
 return. Guly and Springett are well from their agues, and 
 little Billy so too, and the spark of them all ; and my poor little 
 ones also well, and great love among the children. I beseech 
 God increase it eveiywhere more abundantly ; for the want of it 
 will smite the earth with a curse, if people will not fear, love, and 
 obey. 
 
 Jacob Simcock writ to me about money due on interest. His 
 father never desired it, but plainly and positively, before him and 
 others, [declared] he expected, nor would have any interest ; and 
 therefore let Jacob know it, with my love to him, and his, and 
 his mother, and father George Meris. Salute me to all friends, 
 as if named, the council, magistrates, and officers, and inhab- 
 itants, that behave discreetly. I send thee a copy of my memo- 
 rial the Lords Commissioners desired of me, and what I would 
 have them write to Col. Quary, a duplicate of all this to thee 
 and lieutenant governor; and my son will go by Cook or Rob- 
 ertson. If I have time, may add more ; but for fear of losing 
 the opportunity, N. Puckle lying at Portsmouth for a wind, close 
 this, with hearty good wishes for thy true prosperity, and that 
 wisdom may guide thee, that wisdom which is gentle, and easy 
 to be entreated, for it comes from above, and will outlive all the 
 false wisdom of this low and miserable world. 
 
 Being thy real friend, William Penn. 
 
 P. S. — -The Friend that made the seals says that he will prove, 
 before the most skilful, that there is no manner of fault in them, 
 though he fears some in the manner of impressing; therefore 
 look well to that.
 
 278 PENN AND LOGAN [1703-4. 
 
 [The following is a postscript to letter of 31st loth-mo., 1703. 
 The foregoing letter was copied from a duplicate; the original, 
 since found, has the following addition. — L.] 
 
 London, 2>th 2ii-mo., 1704. 
 
 I am grieved to think that you ever gave way to any other 
 affirmation than that appointed by law, in the province ; by 
 which you have given away a most tender point, not easily re- 
 coverable. My regard to this Queen is known, almost to par- 
 tiality ; but I shall never obey her letters against laws, into which 
 she may be drawn by interested persons, or those that would 
 make their court at other men's cost, and go upon private 
 piques ; but the great blower-up of these coals, the Bishop of 
 London, is himself under humiliations. However, pray use thy 
 utmost wits to get intelligence of the motions of our enemies 
 there, in their designs, and what correspondencies they hold at 
 New York, Virginia, and Maryland, and communicate them to 
 me with the quickest and safest opportunities. 
 
 James Logan to William Penn. 
 
 Philadelphia, 14/A isi-mo., 1703-4. 
 The original of the above is sent by way of Barbadoes, with 
 a copy of a former by the Centurion via Boston, by whom re- 
 turning to Boston, having struck on a rock going out, this is 
 intended, if it can possibly reach, which I much suspect, and, 
 therefore, shall not enlarge. This morning John Guy, whom I 
 mentioned in my former, by the frigate, is come in from Carolina, 
 and he shall be dispatched thither again with all expedition, to 
 get a loading, according to former advices, and sail per the Vir- 
 ginia fleet for England. I am every day more out of heart, 
 through the great discouragement we lie under here. The 
 country has no money — what little there is the traders in town 
 have it. Wheat, the farmer's dependence, bears no price, and 
 bread and flour is a very drug, notwithstanding so high in de- 
 mand three years ago. Things are now at such a stand that I 
 know not whether to receive thy dues or not, seeing that they 
 can by no means be had in money. This morning we have also
 
 1703-4] CORRESPONDENCE. 279 
 
 the account of the great storm in England, and the losses by it. 
 Another blow ! Last week, thy son, Judge Mompcsson, and my- 
 self went to Pennsbury to meet one hundred Indians, of which 
 nine were kings. Oppewounumhook, the chief, with his neigh- 
 bors, who came thither to congratulate thy son's arrival, pre- 
 senting nine belts of wampum for a ratification of peace, &c., 
 and had returns accordingly. He staid there with the judge, 
 waiting Clement Plumstead's wedding with Sarah Righton, for- 
 merly Biddle. I am, as before, thine, &c., J. Logan. 
 
 [By way of Boston, with a copy of the former.] 
 
 William Penn to James Logan. 
 
 [Part of a letter which belongs to this date/ and appears to 
 have been written when under a heavy pressure from his unfor- 
 tunate circumstances. — L.] 
 
 .... But as difficult as my circumstances are, and as mean 
 a prospect as thou givest me of any supply, yet that hardly 
 troubles me equally to the weakness, and worse (I fear) of some 
 of our folks, in reference to your government matters. "If" (at a 
 time when monarchs on this side of the world, (who will yet for 
 some ages give law to that, and that seem almost all of a mind 
 to get as much power in their hands as they can, if not agreed 
 to lessen the privileges of the people, because of the ill use 
 some hot or designing persons make of them,)^ they can think 
 
 ^ [Mrs. Logan assigns the year 1 704 as that in which this letter was 
 written, and we accordingly place it under that date, with this com- 
 ment and explanation, that the statement made by Penn, unless erring 
 in his computation that for twenty-three years he had supported a 
 '■^deputy governor" at his own cost, shows the letter was written in 
 1 71 1, Captain John Blackwell having been commissioned in 1688. It 
 must, however, be remarked, that although some of the facts men- 
 tioned appear to make the latter the proper date, yet the return of his 
 son to England, which took place in November, 1704, the separation 
 of territories, the lower counties, &c., would hardly have been referred 
 to as recent events in 171 1. — Editor.] 
 
 * It is a singular coincidence, that in the same year in which this letter 
 was written, the child should be born in one of the colonies who should 
 cherish their resistance to the misrule of the mother country, and, in
 
 28o PENN AND LOGAN [1703-4. 
 
 such a law as thine mentions can succeed here, they are dis- 
 tracted : be sure they will in vain show their inclination, if not 
 worse ; for, to say truth, 'tis incongruous, and a mere bull in con- 
 stitutions: as the case stands they will leave no government 
 for me to dispose of, but take it upon themselves, and neither 
 requite me for a deputy governor these twenty-three years at 
 my cost, nor so much as settle a maintenance upon this gentle- 
 man. By no means let the present governor recommend him- 
 self to the Queen or me to succeed in the government at so 
 preposterous a rate. Will they never be wise ? These assem- 
 blies, held so absurdly as well as hazardously, will, in the end, 
 subject the whole to laws made for them in Parliament. 
 
 I am sorry to have such a prospect of charge as two houses, 
 and the governor's salary, my son's voyage, stay and return, and 
 no revenue or Susquehenna money paid, on which account I 
 ventured my poor child so far from his wife and pretty children 
 and my own oversight. O Pennsylvania! what hast thou cost 
 me ? above ^30,000 more than I ever got by it, two hazardous 
 and most fatiguing voyages, my straits and slavery here, and 
 my child's soul almost, as I have formerly expressed myself, 
 (to be sure, the present venture of his life.) But I must be 
 short. I shall be further loaded, instead of his coming being 
 instrumental to relieve me. In short, I must sell all, or be un- 
 done and disgraced, into the bargain. Pray make him sensible 
 of this. 
 
 William Penn to the Commissioners of Property.^ 
 
 2ofli \si-mo., 1703-4. 
 Beloved Friends: — At the request of my old worthy friend, 
 Thomas Elwood, who cannot be unknown to you, at least by a 
 just fame and reputation, and of the first purchasers, I do here- 
 by desire and order you to take care that you forthwith grant 
 
 conjunction with other enlightened patriots, succeed in effecting their 
 emancipation from her threatened bondage, and, by a dissemination 
 of the principles of equal liberty and just government, teach the men- 
 archs of the Old World that their best sectirity is a respect for the pri- 
 vileges and happiness of their subjects. — L. 
 
 ^ [From the Justice MSS. — Editor.]
 
 1704.] CORRESPONDENCE. 28I 
 
 warrants of survey to take up and survey all lands of his, having 
 nigh to 1,000 acres remaining unsurveyed, and also his liberty 
 lands and city lots on Front and in High Street, according to 
 lot and settlements, commencing when he will give order to 
 some person to attend you. With best wishes I close, and am 
 Your true and affectionate friend. VVm. Penn. 
 
 1704. 
 
 James Logan to William Penn. 
 
 Philadelphia, 3^ 2d-mo., 1704. 
 Honored Governor: — Being informed that 'tis possible this, 
 by way of Madeira, may prove an opportunity of conveyance, I 
 make use of it to inform thee of my receipt of thine to-day, via 
 Barbadoes, of the loth mo. 4th last, and that we are all here in 
 health. Thy son has shown himself resolved, ever since his 
 arrival, to see York some time before his departure, and Judge 
 Mompesson going from hence thither five days ago, with a de- 
 sign to return in eight more, both for the sake of the company 
 and the shortness of the stay 'twas thought to be the most con- 
 venient opportunity that could offer. The judge is exceeding 
 firm, and in a right interest, and somewhat incensed at the un- 
 accountable commission that arrived about ten days ago, con- 
 stituting Col. Quary judge of the admiralty for this province 
 and West Jersey, dated in gbr. last, and supersedes that part of 
 R. Mompesson's : how it was obtained startles us all to think. 
 He has likewise obtained a commission to be surveyor-general 
 of the customs, either of all the plantations, or, at least, of all 
 the continent ; which raises him more than ever he was de- 
 pressed before. If the assembly make a new regulation of the 
 courts, and give encouragement to R. Mompesson to be our 
 chief justice, he will be well enough pleased with his being 
 superseded here, for it has been of no profit at all hitherto, we 
 are become so superlatively honest ; and he is of opinion that 
 these two commissions — of the admiralty, I mean, and of the 
 civil courts — are nat very consistent. Nor does Col. Quary deny 
 but that the two places are equally so, and therefore 'tis be-
 
 282 PENN AND LOGAN [1704. 
 
 lieved, unless thou interposes, endeavors will be used to raise J. 
 Moore to it, which will intolerably set them above us all. Thy 
 son will be large on this head from York, but I take leave to 
 hint it here, hoping it may reach. J. Mompesson would have 
 no measures taken at home, I suppose, till it appears what our 
 assembly will do here, 
 
 I wrote by the Centurion man-of-war, from Boston, a little 
 before the governor's arrival, and a fortnight after, viz., 18th 
 i2th-mo., by way of Barbadoes, and sent a copy of it again by 
 the Centurion, but fear it did not reach her. We have had but 
 very few changes made yet in commissions, only the council 
 enlarged. New Castle has been in great divisions, J. Coutts 
 heading for the government, and R. Halliwell endeavoring to 
 strengthen and recommend himself again, but at the election 
 the 2 1st ult., in an appearance of the whole county, they say, 
 had not twenty to stand for him of 300, nor was one of that 
 party chosen. This J. Coutts was resolved to effect to show 
 they were not pretenders to an interest and had none. There 
 were mighty canvassing on that side pretending the church, but 
 nothing could be carried, notwithstanding the clergy all round 
 used all endeavors ; but all will come to nothing I doubt ; for 
 that unhappy charter thou granted, and which I admire thou 
 never mentioned, will, most certainly, utterly separate the prov- 
 ince and territories, I doubt to our confusion. 'Tis a strange 
 unhappiness we labor under, as if there was a fatality in that we 
 must never be quite in order. The clergy increase much this 
 way, Burlington and Chester have their churches^ and minis- 
 
 ^ [St. Mary's, Burlington, and St. Paul's, at Chester. — Editor.]. 
 
 The summer of 1704 is represented, in a letter of Isaac Norris, to 
 have been remarkably dry and warm. Tobacco and Indian corn 
 failed, but a very good and large harvest of Enghsh grain. 
 
 February, 1704. — "This has been the hardest winter and deepest 
 snow that has been known by the oldest person amongst us. We have 
 had but one post all this season, (from Boston,") whose quick return 
 and short notice allows not to enlarge. The river is still fast, and 
 likely to continue so." — Letter of James Logan. 
 
 Price-current, from a letter of Isaac Norris, dated Philadelphia, 28th 
 5th-mo., 1704: — Rum, 3s. gd. per gallon ; sugar, best Barbadoes, ^3 ; 
 molasses, 2s. 6d., or 2s, 20 hhd. together, Antigua; cotton, 2od. ; gin- 
 ger has been 14 or 15 per cwt. ; logwood, no buyers, the last sold at 
 ;^9 ;• flour, 14s.; wheat, 3s. gd. per bushel. — L.
 
 1704.] CORRESPONDENCE. 283 
 
 ters, and several more are building. God grant that a spirit of 
 charity and kindness may be cultivated among us in place of 
 hatred and persecution. I shall lose this opportunity if I con- 
 tinue to add, and must, therefore, break off, and conclude 
 
 Thy most dutiful, J. Logan. 
 
 James Logan to James Coutts. 
 [^Extracf.'] Philadelphia, 6fh -i^d-mo., 1704. 
 
 Esteemed Friend: — .... I have communicated to our 
 young proprietor what thou writest about his journey to Cones- 
 toga ; but he has been informed from thence that the Indians 
 of that place will not return from hunting till the latter end of 
 this month, and thinks that it will not be so commodious travel- 
 ling till the grass is better grown for horses. He gives his ser- 
 vice to thyself and brother, with which accept the best respects 
 of thy assured friend, J. L. 
 
 Richard Hill to Jonathan Dickinson. 
 
 Philadelphia, i^h ^d-mo., 1704. 
 My Dear Friend Jonathan Dickinson : — I gladly embrace 
 this opportunity, being the first and only that I conceive shall 
 have from this place before my departure for Maryland, which 
 I expect may be about two weeks hence, which time is also 
 appointed for G. C. and M. H. to consummate their marriage. 
 Our place is generally very healthy, as are all our relations and 
 thy two children. They grow up together as calves in a stall, 
 and are inseparable companions, and for the most very good 
 company. Dear friend, I hope this summer will crown our 
 desire with your good company, which would be very accept- 
 able to us all. We have a new governor, who is lately come over 
 with the proprietor's commission and Queen's approbation. He 
 is an Episcopal man, young and solid, but I hope every way 
 well suited to our present circumstances. The province and ter- 
 ritories are divided into two assemblies at last, but are one govern- 
 ment It's yet too early to pass opinion whether for the better 
 or not, but we hope the best. We also have our young propri-
 
 284 PENN AND LOGAN [17O4. 
 
 etor's company, who is come to stay here a year, and, if he like, 
 fetch his wife. Thy news about Gov. Pimento, of Carthagena, 
 was both new and acceptable, and I hope will be rewarded for 
 his friendship per the new king of Spain, when admitted. We 
 have not much new news from Europe that is credited, but daily 
 expect. Rich. Bradick and one Crute, of our place, are both ^^afe 
 at Martinico, and is all they have yet known of ours amongst 
 150 sail taken this way. I hope they will not enlarge the num- 
 ber. I presume most of my relations that may be expected will 
 move at large, embrace this opportunity; therefore shall not say 
 much for them, only my wife, with me, has her very dear love 
 to thee, thy wife, relations unknown, and dear Johnny, which 
 accept as the needful from thy affectionate and real friend to 
 power. Rd. Hill. 
 
 Pray remember my love to Benj. Dickinson. Thy sons have 
 their duty to you both, and love to brother. 
 
 James Logan to WillL'Wi Penn. 
 
 Philadelphia, 25//? 3^- ;«<?., 1704, <^th-day. 
 Honored Governor: — I send this chiefly to let thee know 
 that I am writing largely by the Virginia fleet, to be sent down 
 by third-day next by the friends going to Maryland meeting, 
 and 't is hoped will be early enough to reach them ; but if any 
 disappointment should possibly happen, it may be convenient 
 to advise thee here that the province and territories are entirely 
 disunited, in pursuance of that unhappy charter, and the province 
 now acting by themselves in assembly ; but what they will do 
 cannot yet be foreseen : some hope for good, and some expect 
 but little. In the mean time, however, if thou hast an oppor- 
 tunity of making a good bargain for thyself, and the many 
 honest people that arc still here, notwithstanding the endeavors 
 of the spiteful or malcontents, 'tis what I believe thy best 
 friends will advise thee to. We are all well. Mr. William and 
 I have taken Wm. Clark's great house in Chestnut Street.' 
 
 ' Near the S. W. corner of Third Street, afterwards the residence 
 of Israel Pemberton, Esq., and now occupied by a bank. — L.
 
 1704.] CORRESrONDENCE. 285 
 
 Judge Mompesson has lost all in his commission but New York, 
 and Col. Quary is made surveyor-general of all the main, and I 
 believe of the islands too. The governor acquits himself be- 
 yond what could possibly be expected from his years: is master 
 of his temper to a great degree, which has been but too much 
 tried by some of our humors. It will be a justice due to him 
 to get the Queen's first commission to him. Judge Mompesson 
 is certainly a man of consummate worth, but has not fallen into 
 hands that know how to value him. I fear the assembly will 
 give him no encouragement. He is of the council, and as he is 
 of ability infinitely beyond the rest, so he has a willingness suit- 
 able to it. A militia is going forward with all vigor; but our 
 friends would not suffer the proclamation to be printed in their 
 press. I shall not enter in particular business here, referring it 
 to the other opportunity, and conclude with all due respects. 
 Thy faithful friend, James Logan. 
 
 James Logan to William Penn. 
 
 Philadelphia, 2(ith T,d-mo., 1704. 
 
 Honored Governor: — Since the arrival of thy son and lieu- 
 tenant governor, I wrote from New Castle 15th and i8th 12th- 
 mo., via Barbadoes, with a copy and postscript, via Boston ; the 
 3d 2d-mo., by Madeira; and i6th instant by a sloop to Ireland, 
 besides those by the governor, thy son, and Joshua Cheeseman, 
 I have received thine, one dated 4th Xbr., byway of Barbadoes, 
 with duplicate and postscript via Antigua, and another, 31st 
 lobr., by post from Boston : of the contents of all which 
 shall take notice, but for want of some helps am cast so far be- 
 hind in time that I must do it with brevity. 
 
 The governor acquits himself to the satisfaction of his and 
 thy friends, and much better I believe, than is desired by our 
 enemies ; there has not much passed that is very material, ex- 
 cept that of the separation of the province and territories, all 
 the steps of which will fully appear in the minutes and papers 
 that accompany this. I sent the minutes of the whole pro- 
 ceedings in Sbr. and Qbr., 1702, at large, ist-nio., 1702-3, but
 
 286 PENN AND LOGAN [1704. 
 
 believe they miscarried. My letters, however, of lobr., 1703, 
 with two or three of these papers now sent, will give a full sight 
 into that business, and the proceedings of the present assembly 
 will appear at large, by those council minutes, drawn all with 
 my own hand, though I can ill spare the time for want of assist- 
 ance, the writer I had having left me. I designed in the close 
 of these to have sent Judge Mompesson's report of the coun- 
 cil's conference with the assembly a second time, with the 
 arguments in law and reason, which made a way for that answer 
 to the assembly, but could not get it drawn up ; however, the 
 whole will appear very clear to any that will but fully consider 
 the royal charter to thee, which makes all laws past by thy lieu- 
 tenant as available as those past by thyself; besides that the 
 very words of. that saving makes the clause void, there being 
 nothing reserved but an assent to laws past, which when past 
 will need none. That answer .was believed by all those that 
 signed it, was truly right in itself, yet would scarce have been 
 complied with by the council, had not necessity forced them, for 
 without it the assembly would have done nothing. But thou art 
 still very safe in a governor who seems in all things to be actu- 
 ated by such principles of honor as will never suffer him to 
 hearken to anything repugnant to thy interest, unless some 
 small matter must of necessity be dispensed with to make way 
 for a greater advantage, of which I as yet know nothing. 
 
 They have this day voted for raising a sum not less than a 
 thousand pounds for public uses: but the methods not yet agreed 
 on, and indeed the country is so very poor it will be very diffi- 
 cult when laid to make it answer in the collection. They design, 
 I understand, the Queen with part of that ^^350, they say ;;^200, 
 and to leave the rest to the territories, but I hope otherwise, for 
 to bring them so near us in proportion will be a disadvantage to 
 us. Inclosed I send a copy of an address from the representa- 
 tives of the territories, drawn up after they went down again to 
 New Castle by James Coutts, with part of his letter ; afterwards, 
 I understand, he got it signed by them all, but whether sent or 
 not I have not had time to learn. R. French is his opposite in 
 interest, which makes him write the less favorably ; but James 
 has really been hearty, and deserves well of the government.
 
 1704.] CORRESPONDENCE. 287 
 
 yet is cooled, I doubt, because of the new commission to that 
 county for justices, which scarcely pleased him. They are all 
 in parties there, but J. Coutts carried it by vast odds against 
 Richard Hall, and the others of his side, all the election, and 
 behaved himself wonderful well when here upon the service. 
 
 The governor is settling a militia with all application ; I send 
 a copy of a proclamation, which the overseers of the press were 
 not willing to have printed. There are to be three companies 
 in this town, three in New Castle, two in Kent, and as many in 
 Sussex. The captains of this place are G. Lowther, who had a 
 commission under Col. Hamilton, George Roche, whom I men- 
 tioned per the Experiment, a stranger of a great estate from Anti- 
 gua, who is also made of the council, as I then proposed to thee,* 
 and Captain Finney's son, who is sheriff of the county, as per said 
 vessel I informed; and a troop is talked of being raised in the 
 county under said Capt. Finney, if it can be effected. 
 
 Judge Mompesson's affairs I leave to himself and thy son, 
 who will also tell thee, I suppose, of J. Growdon's professions of 
 friendship. The assembly seems generally well inclined, but 
 there are two or three troublesome heads, who 't is feared will 
 retard what they can. Yet one happiness is that the father and 
 son, J. Growdon and David Lloyd,^ draw not the same way ; by 
 next shall be able fully to inform, to which also must refer some 
 particulars of thy letters, as that of the tax, impost, and sub- 
 scriptions especially. 
 
 The reason is that of the first we could get but very little for- 
 wards since thy departure by reason of the weakness of the 
 government, and the great head made against it, but now are 
 
 ^ This person is thus mentioned by Isaac Norris, in a letter dated 
 1704 : " The gentleman thou hast heard of is a Captain George Roche, 
 from Antigua; he has bought Captain Smith's plantation over Schuylkill, 
 and the little place that was Chanlott's, on this side of that river, and 
 there he at present lives ; he has also bought Christopher Sibthorpe's 
 house, and last week has taken most of Samuel Carpenter's ware- 
 houses and part of the dwelling-house, and carries on a great trade, 
 especially to Antigua. Samuel Carpenter is out of trade, lives at his 
 plantation, has sold the scales, and the Coffee House, and intends to 
 sell off more." — L. 
 
 '^ Joseph Growdon, and David Lloyd, who had married Joseph Grow- 
 don's daughter. — L.
 
 288 PENN AND LOGAN [1704. 
 
 pressing it vigorous!}', and have good hopes that much will be 
 had that the people are able to pay, which would have utterly 
 been lost had not the governor arrived. 
 
 For the second, the year 1702, which was the last summer it 
 lasted, proved so unhappy in the Barbadoes trade, that there 
 was not one third of the rum imported that was usual, the peo- 
 ple being forced to use little but spirits drawn here, because of 
 the great drought the year before in that island. Nor have I 
 yet finished with Samuel Holt, he being forced to get in most 
 of his notes by discount, partly through the scarcity of money, 
 but more for the reason given before ; I mean the opposition 
 given to government, to which, notwithstanding, he was a well- 
 wisher; yet I cannot say but that he proved a faithful officer, and 
 much better than most that it has been thy fortune to meet with. 
 H. Mallows, who had a commission about the excise and jniser- 
 ably fooled it, proved no better in that than in some other of 
 his duties. 
 
 The subscriptions in this county and Bucks have been but 
 very poorly answered : in Chester something better, but there 
 is much behind yet in most places ; but I shall get the greatest 
 part in by some means or other, and when done, shall send an 
 account of it with the other. They will scarce pay anything 
 but wheat or flour : such a drug now that it can find but few 
 buyers, being so very low in the West Indies. 
 
 The account of thy circumstances there, and the exigencies I 
 know thou must labor under there, with the difficulties I am 
 oppressed with here, through the great decay of trade and 
 poverty of the planters, from whom chiefly we receive our pay, 
 makes my life so uncomfortable, that it is not worth the living : 
 I am ground on all sides. I know 't is impossible to satisfy 
 thee thus, and the condition of our affairs will not enable me 
 to do better. I hope thou hast received something considerable 
 from Barbadoes, having shipped thither these last two years to 
 the value of about ^900, which went all safe, and the most of it 
 to indifferent markets, though now there is no encouragement. 
 John Guy also, from Carolina, is intended home in this fleet, of 
 whose brigantine, called the Robert and Benjamin, seven twenty- 
 fourths is thine. W. Trent and Isaac Norris have each the like
 
 1704] CORRESPONDENCE. 289 
 
 share, and the master one-eighth. We designed -to load her 
 home with rice, on thine, W. Trent's, and I. Norris's account, 
 each one third ; but finding freight there was very high, and 
 that that would turn to better advantage, have ordered him to 
 take what he could get out of that, filling her up with our own 
 goods, and sending the rest of our effects in proper merchan- 
 dise thither. This, if she come safe, will make 2 or ^^"300 ster- 
 ling, at least, for thy share ; and would rice have answered well, 
 might, if loaded, as intended, wholly by the owners, have made 
 ;^4CX) thy share ; goes consigned with Isaac Norris's to John 
 Askew. I shipped last fall £j(^ on thy account to Antigua, 
 by Nicholas Braddich, who is taken into Martinico, with i^6o 
 on my own account, being my first adventure of the kind. 'Tis 
 thy first loss to the West Indies of eleven consignments sent 
 since thy departure, of which, nine to Barbadoes, and one to 
 Jamaica of .about ^60, to Rogers and Mills, who are both dead 
 since ; but care is taken, we hope, to secure their concerns, and 
 I have wrote pressingly about it. 
 
 If the ArchdukQ succeed in Spain, these countries may rise 
 again, but otherwise they seem sinking, as doubtless the con- 
 federates' affairs must everywhere. I know of no way left but 
 by way of trade, to drive returns, round about, as opportunity 
 offer; for a trade to Barbadoes, if from thence with rum to Vir- 
 ginia and Maryland to purchase bills there, has done well ; but 
 they have this spring laid 9d. per gal. on rum imported by us, 
 which will prove a great discouragement; and their bills the 
 two last years have failed exceedingly. Wm. Trent and Isaac 
 Norris are the most thriving men with us ; and I endeavor to 
 act in concert with them, but having no way to get either money 
 or goods from England, with which they make their business 
 circulate, lays me under the greatest disadvantage. There is 
 another way, which last year would have done, viz., shipping 
 wheat to Madeira for wine to be carried to Barbadoes, and 
 bringing rum thence ; for flour at 12s. 6d. per cwt. there, and 
 freight ;^8 per ton, will not answer. Pray give thy orders in 
 general, to be either positive or discretionary. I would not act 
 rashly, but with the best advice and concurrence. If I can pay 
 some debts I contracted in purchasing and fitting out the brig- 
 
 VOL. I. — 20
 
 290 PENN AND LOGAN [1704. 
 
 antine, &c., and answer \Vm. Aubrey's attorneys this summer, 
 it will be all I can pretend to d ), unless it be by shipping some 
 small matter to the islands, as we have advices that it may 
 answer; for money I cannot get: what little there is, lies in 
 the traders' hands. The country, from whom I must receive, can 
 get none : the effects of their plantations will scarce buy them 
 clothes, which they take of the sloops in exchange. I know 
 not what we shall do about the Susquehanna subscriptions : we 
 may have particular bonds renewed by many, which will bring 
 interest ; but were the country people ever so willing, nay, were 
 it to redeem their lives, they cannot now raise money. People 
 are generally well inclined, and better pleased than ever I knew 
 them before, since the first great assembly after our arrival. 
 Bonds will bring interest; and if times mend, money and this 
 interest will discharge interest elsewhere. I assure thee thou 
 needs not press Letitia's business. I shall take all the care 
 that is possible, and sell upon bonds rather than fail. The town 
 lot, to be sure, must all go, but of the manor we may reserve a 
 piece, unless some chapman would buy the whole. If T. C. 
 would agree with William Aubrey, it might do well. Thou 
 knowest the land as fully as I can inform thee. 
 
 Thou orders 50,000 acres to be laid out for Sir Robert Fagg, 
 which Mr. William says Was in trust for his mother; if so, there 
 is 3,000 already laid out in one tract, and one half of it con- 
 firmed to thy daughter; the other thy son craves, and will have 
 it. This thy daughter may hold, if she please, unless entirely 
 cut off by the settlement. I wrote long ago to W. Aubrey about 
 it, not knowing thou was obliged to ;^2,000 only. Pray order 
 how it shall be. She has a firm patent from thy own hand, &c. 
 Please to remember that no verbal concessions will cut off legal 
 deeds when suffered to lie to posterity, and particularly in the 
 business of the company. 
 
 Thomas Roberts is dead, and there are so many under leases 
 that they cannot be bought out. Johnny's' lands are 1,200 
 acres at Mahanatawny,^ including his grandfather's 5,000, and 
 
 * The proprrietor's son, born in Philadelphia. — L. 
 
 * Maxatawny township. — L.
 
 1704.] CORRESPONDENCE. 29I 
 
 there is 10,000 confirmed to him and the children, had by his 
 mother, lying somewhere above the highlands, but what it is 
 worth I know not. I shall pick out some convenient spots for 
 them wherever to be had, but think it very unadvisable to make 
 any settlements, therefore request to be excused, as well as build- 
 ing a lodge at Fair Mount ; all that understand the affairs of the 
 country and that I have spoke to advise against it as a great ab- 
 surdity : settlements I mean. I am about building a mill on a 
 great spring at Rokonk,^ on 500 acres reserved there, which 
 will make both that and the adjacent lands valuable. It is of a 
 new fashion that has done exceeding well here, and will not 
 cost above forty or fifty pounds : this shall be for him thou pleases 
 to name. I have saved for Tommy ^ a good lot of 100 feet, the 
 next above Edward Shippen's, and which comes down to the 
 dock, the most conveniently of any there : and the better to 
 secure it, have leased it to Edward for twenty-one years, making 
 the reversion expressly as I said before. I designed to build a 
 granary on part of that slip that comes down to the dock, but 
 shall forbear it this year; I intended also to have begged a 
 small slip of it for a warehouse to myself, in case I should ever 
 be able, by my services, to make use of such a thing hereafter : 
 but it might draw envy, perhaps, to let it be seen I ever got any 
 thing, and for this reason, perhaps, cannot yet be a freeholder 
 in the province. I return thee hearty thanks for thy kind present 
 of a wig, but wearing my own hair ever since thy departure, 
 makes it the less useful. Griffith Owen, as was his due, taking 
 his choice of the hats, he had the least, and therefore the larger 
 no way fitting me, I presented it in thy name to Caleb Pusey, 
 who kindly accepted and wears it for the donor. 
 
 I shall take all the care I possibly can for those thou recom- 
 mends to me, but being much exposed to the attacks of all those 
 that seek to wound thee, my only security is impartial justice, 
 under the shield of which it is I have boldly defied some ma- 
 licious men, who have this assembly attempted to impeach me 
 
 * [Or Thokonk: it is impossible to decide which. — Editor.] 
 ' W. Penn's second son, by his second wife : afterwards one of the 
 proprietors. — L.
 
 292 PEXX AND LOGAN [1704. 
 
 of wronging the people, not high fees I assure thee, for I have 
 never yet been charged for that; but of being too severe in 
 some points in thy behalf, which I cannot now desire thee to 
 believe whilst returns come in no faster. Please to let Thomas 
 Callowhill know T. Brock's wife is dead, and I am afraid that 
 fellow will shuffle me at last; I have used both fair and foul 
 words : he promises well, but performs nothing. I cannot write 
 to himself (T. C.) this opportunity. I shall get Nelson's, &c. 
 land laid out, but M. Martindale never had a lot that I knew 
 of; there is one, however, left, and shall lay it there. R. Snead's 
 land in the Welsh tract is mostly given up among the Inevou- 
 chets,^ but there is still left about 7 or 800 acres there and on 
 Skuykill, (Schuylkill,) his attorneys agreed to this, and in such 
 cases we must request thee to press no further for thy friends 
 than for others, when there is one rule of justice by which we 
 must steer, or can never bear up our heads for thine or our own 
 reputation. At Pennsbury, John is very industrious, and of 
 working at his trade" is an abuse upon him. The plantation 
 clears itself all but John's wages. He complains he had not ten 
 acres cleared fit for service at thy departure, but since has im- 
 proved above forty, and if well followed the fruit of his labors 
 will appear hereafter, though for the present not so fully. He 
 would fain leave it: the low price of wheat is a discouragement 
 there as in other places. I have sent what I can get about the 
 Spaniard, and the trials thou desired. I can give no account of 
 overpluses yet, the returns of resurveys not being completed, a 
 commission to the council is necessary in case of the governor's 
 death. P. Parmyter will be troublesome I doubt. Pray send the 
 bills carefully protested. I know not what is meant by a copy 
 of the laws thou desires, being sent long ago. Lowering the 
 coin without regard to contracts is unjust and will not be ob- 
 served by the people. Thy interest is not concerned in it much, 
 or if it were it is still unjust. What other directions there are 
 in thy letters shall observe, concluding now with love and ser- 
 vice to thyself Thy faithful and obedient James Logan. 
 
 ' [Sic. — Editor.] 
 
 ^ Or, those who had represented him as neglecting tne care of the 
 proprietor's place, in order to work at his trade, wrongfully charge 
 him. — L.
 
 1704.] CORRESPONDENCE. 293 
 
 James Logan to Jonathan Dickinson. 
 
 Philadelphia, \2th ^h-mo., 1704. 
 Jonathan Dickinson — Dear Friend : — I cannot without some 
 sense of shame set about writing to thee now of necessity, hav- 
 ing so long deferred it, when my inclinations without any other 
 inducement not only should, I confess, but have often led me to 
 it, had not other interposition always diverted me. The neces- 
 sity I now speak of is I. Norris's absence upon this vessel's de- 
 parture. He went about fourteen days ago with his brother Hill 
 and sister Del, with two women friends from England, and sev- 
 eral others from hence to Maryland yearly meeting, and at his 
 departure ordered his last to thee to be copied, which is the in- 
 closed, and one barrel of white bread to be loaded on board R. 
 Brereton, per whom this comes, for thy own use, for which 
 inclosed also is the captain's receipt, and craves that it may 
 find thy acceptance. I know not what news to inform thee of ; 
 we are too inconsiderable to be taken notice of otherwise than 
 as persons are particularly concerned with us, and where thy 
 greatest of the kind lies. I shall acquaint thee that thy two 
 rugged boys are very lusty, and love the river much better this 
 hot weather than their master's countenance, and the fields and 
 boats fare before schools or books ; they are more tenderly 
 dealt with, I am confident of it, than they would be by their own 
 mother, by one that is but too affectionate, and who most eagerly 
 desires her care should be succeeded by her to whom nature has 
 given a nearer and stronger right. This for thy children, the 
 next for thy estate visible. S. Preston and I. Norris, thy attor- 
 neys, design to propose to the assembly, that is to sit next 
 week, to have some act passed for securing the neighborhood 
 from the ruin that seems to impend from the adjoining tottering 
 great fabric ; what may be affected in it I know not, but 't is 
 thought very necessary as well upon account of the house itself, 
 as more particularly of the people's lives in it, who now in every 
 great wind and rain are in apparent danger. The assembly 
 of the province is entirely separated from the lower counties, 
 from which some expect good, many fear harm, which is the
 
 294 PENN AND LOGAN [1704. 
 
 most probable. It has been hoped our people when by them- 
 selves, as now, would proceed vigorously for the public good, 
 the clog of the territories being removed ; but I fear their jeal- 
 ousies and impracticable temper peculiar to our folks will be but 
 a means to expose them more to the censures of their ill-wishers. 
 We are happy in a very good governor, a young man, but very 
 discreet, who is armed with full power, both from the Crown 
 and the proprietor. 
 
 This day fortnight, being the day before friend departed, thy 
 wife's good friend and acquaintance, Martha Hoskins, changed 
 that name to Claypoole, and now sweet Debby is left for some 
 time to lie alone ; who will fill up the place I cannot be positive, 
 though I cannot say I am without wishes if these would effect 
 it. Poor, honest Col. Markham this morning ended a miserable 
 life by a seasonable release in a fit of his old distemper, that 
 seized his vitals. I know not what else to add, besides that we 
 are all well and heartily wish you as happy, though we are some- 
 times apprehensive of the contrary, and earnestly desiring, if it 
 might be the will of God, once more to be comforted with your 
 presence here again, which I assure thee is desired by none 
 with more sincerity than by Thy affectionate friend, 
 
 James Logan. 
 
 My kind love to thy wife, &c. I cannot procure the receipt 
 mentioned, I. Norris's man being gone out of the way. The 
 cask is marked " No. I. U." I have found it. 
 
 Addressed : " To Jonath'n Dickerson, Merch't, in Jamaica." 
 
 William Penn to James Logan, 
 
 \oth e^th-mo., 1704. 
 I am larger by this opportunity by another hand. I hear 
 nothing from Barbadoes, Jamaica, or Carolina, &c., nor had a 
 penny thence, since thine of lobr., nor any letter from thee. A 
 letter goes from the Council of Trade, &c., to Col. Quary, to 
 quell his fury and exhort to moderation at large, and particu-
 
 1704.] CORRESPONDENCE. 295 
 
 larly to respect the government and magistracy. I have no- 
 thing else new. See what I have writ to Samuel Carpenter 
 and Edward Shippen, and my son will show thee his, and so 
 the deputy governor. Vale. 
 
 William Penn to James Logan. 
 
 London, 11th ^th-mo., 1704. 
 
 Since thine of the loth-mo. last, now 7 months ago, not one 
 scrip of paper has come from thee to me, nor indeed to any else, 
 save that Daniel Zachary was so kind as to intimate to me my 
 son's and the lieutenant governor's safe arrival, by one from 
 Isaac Norris, and by Isaac's to John Askew, which, though very 
 obliging in him and joyful to us, yet we sorrowed a little that 
 anybody should write and not the secretary of the place be 
 present enough to write to his principal under these extraordi- 
 nary circumstances, and upon such an occasion. I, otherwise 
 troubled and ashamed, and John Askew, take it that thou as 
 well as my son and lieutenant governor had sent by way of Bar- 
 badoes, from whence no vessel has arrived, where the packet is 
 looked upon as the best way of conveyance. The letter of 
 Isaac Norris being but duplicate and sent by way of Boston, 
 where they imagined something might have prolonged the man- 
 of-war's stay, though very small hope is of it. In short, the 
 silence has been so long, by means of winter also, that 't is un- 
 easy, and gives a disrepute to the country. 
 
 I have little to say more than former letters express. 
 
 1ST, Conduct. — Give no occasion to exceptions or reflections, 
 and value them not when made or thrown without .a cause, but 
 command thy temper all that is possible in doing thy business, 
 for in Joseph Pike's case thou hast been hardly represented to 
 him, and surely he is provoked at thee, and displeased with me, 
 of which more by another hand upon the spot. I know whence 
 the arrow came ; 'tis provoking; but this is the cross we are 
 to bear to prove ourselves Christians indeed. Whatever thou 
 doest, give no offence, be not high-minded, but fear: I take the
 
 296 PENN AND LOGAN [1704. 
 
 lesson to myself; we all need an holy and daily remembrance 
 of it. 
 
 Col. Quary. — Letters are gone to him from the Board of 
 Trade and Plantations, and also little Perry his support, to mod- 
 derate his conduct and carry respectfully to the government and 
 magistracy, only being careful about his station. I promised to 
 write to you to be as discreet on your part and careful not to 
 wink at forbidden trades, which I have done to governor and 
 council and particular members, and renew my caution by this 
 to thee. 
 
 Bank Lots. — Till further orders I will have no bank lots sold, 
 and never the 20s. per lot on any account. Pray mind this ; I 
 have good reasons for it at present. 
 
 Jo. LuMBY AND OwNERS. — There is one John Pecket and 
 Company concerned with or in Lumby's ship and cargo, that 
 want some money there in prosecution of Col. Quary, for which 
 they will pay me here. Furnish them ; it will be but a small 
 matter of twenty or thirty pounds, be it as it will, remembering 
 that upon bills that the Queen by proclamation now sent thee 
 has settled the coin at £2^ per ct. according to New England 
 standard, and would have done it to English sterling, but for 
 the late king's confirming their rates for money, which extends 
 all over America. 
 
 Rent-roll. — I am at so great a want for a rent-roll that I 
 must press it, that if not sent already, as in thy last thou prom- 
 ised per thy next, fail not to send it to me per first vessel that 
 comes away from your parts. 
 
 Governor's Spanish Dog. — Chancellor Parnell and Doctor 
 Hedgbury almost clamor on Peter Evans, the governor's cousin 
 and clerk, who stole him away, that I desire thee to advise them 
 to send him over, or to make a good apology for not doing it. 
 
 Open Trade. — I am assured of an open trade with the Span- 
 iards as much as ever in the West Indies, if not already opened : 
 not that risks are not run as before the war, but that there shall 
 be none on our parts from ourselves I read the draft. 
 
 Skins and Furs. — I have also been particular about the furs; 
 pray be not so ill used by anybody. The skins last sent were 
 sold to advantage.
 
 1704..] CORRESPONDENCE. 297 
 
 Supplies. — I desire thy utmost care to get a reasonable reve- 
 nue settled for the government, particularly for the governor; 
 our laws now lie for a good fee to the attorney-general, fifty 
 guineas at the least. 
 
 I have told thee that nothing is come of the bills of lading, 
 but what came directly, and I wish the deaths of W. R. and I. 
 M. prove not a loss to me, though poor I. Mills sent me word 
 the goods sold pretty well, and he would take special care of 
 remitting me the effects per first opportunity, about fourteen 
 days after W. R.'s death, and died himself in ten days, I think, 
 after the date of his to me. Write, as I shall, to Jonathan Dick- 
 inson about it, pray. 
 
 Laws. — Be sure the very next assembly to let the laws pass 
 with the Queen's name, though under my seal, according to 
 charter, the attorney-general making the want thereof an ugly 
 objection against the confirming them, though a good fee would 
 go a great way to clear the scruple, if I had it to give him ; for 
 what with the decay of Ireland, half at present, and the. loss 
 of tvvo ships, nothing coming in from the islands and Carolina, 
 with 4s. in ^i here, my son's part of the estate, and the interest 
 money I have to pay; so that, with all these drawbacks, I live 
 but from hand to mouth, and hardly that. 
 
 Returning to America. — Thou urgest my return ; but alas ! 
 how is it good, since to save my estate here to discharge 
 debts, I eat up what I have there, as the best returns ? But 
 I want water to launch rny vessel. Think of that ; as also 
 if I 'am not worthy of a house in or near town, such as Griffith 
 Owen's, T, Fairman's or Daniel Pegg's, or the like, that 500 
 of your money, or perhaps 600 at most, may purchase for my 
 reception, and at least 500 per annum to take there besides my 
 own rents. I have spent all my days, moneys, pains, and in- 
 terest, to a mean purpose. Think of this, and impart it. They 
 will all get by it as well as myself 
 
 Churchill's Books. — Pray write to him, and give him some 
 account of them, that he may not have reason to reflect through 
 his own act, not ours. 
 
 T. Brooks's Widow. — My father Callowhill wishes my care
 
 298 PENN AND LOGAN [1704. 
 
 would not let him be an entire loser by her death. He has 
 been a great one on account of the country. 
 
 Remember what I wrote about Roberts's lot. 
 
 Pennsbury. — Let me not be put to more charges there, but 
 only to keep it in repair, and that its produce may maintain it. 
 
 Woods. — I hope there is an effectual care taken of my woods, 
 that they be not destroyed, near the city especially. 
 
 Our Health. — I bless the Lord I and all mine are well, or 
 were lately so, including my son's. I have writ to him, and two 
 letters go by this opportunity from his wife. I send no n&ws, 
 but, except Germany, things look but ill as to the war; yet the 
 Duke of Marlborough is in a great way to preserve the empire^ 
 that before was very low. 
 
 I hope my son in some way answers my expectation, and 
 those he gave at parting more especially. 
 
 Do thy endeavor, I desire thee, that he may be my comfort 
 and honor while I live. 
 
 Seal. — The engraver will send directions that will render it 
 with thee sufficient. He says it is for want of a better under- 
 standing it. So, with my dear love to all friends, and the 
 moderate of others, with thyself and thy family, I close. 
 
 Thy affectionate and real friend, William Penn. 
 
 James Logan to William Penn. 
 
 Philadelphia, i^th <,ih-mo., 1704. 
 
 Opportunities now proving rare, I shall embrace all appear- 
 ances of them to inform thee of our circumstances, though be- 
 cause of their great uncertainty I shall be brief. 
 
 Third-month last I sent per Al. Paxton, in the Virginia fleet, a 
 packet, with minutes of council and several papers at large, 
 which I hope will come to hand. Since that time the assembly 
 has met again, but have done nothing besides presenting to the 
 governor a bill for confirmation of the charter of privileges, 
 upon the separation of the territories, explaining all things that 
 appeared doubtful their own way, making the annual assemblies 
 to continue from election to election, with the power of adjourn-
 
 I704.J CORRESPONDENCE. 299 
 
 merits. New elections upon false returns, or ejectment of mem- 
 bers, to be entirely within themselves, excluding the governor 
 from any power of dissolution or prorogation, and prescribing 
 the qualification of their members to be by taking the declara- 
 tions directed by the laws of England to be taken by such as 
 cannot swear at all ; and upon this they adjourned to the ist of 
 the 6th-mo., after harvest, and are in the mean time to proceed 
 by committees upon other affairs of importance. They have 
 voted to raise a thousand pounds for public services, but intend, 
 I doubt, to sell it very dear. Judge Mompesson has been here 
 during their late sittings, and of great service in council, but 
 going to New York, as he said, for a few days, has not returned 
 yet, nor I fear intends it, to stay with us, Bridges, the chief 
 justice there, being lately dead, whose place 't is expected he 
 will supply. He seems to be tired of us, as we have reason to 
 be of ourselves, all things (Considered. In short, I see little to 
 be expected here that should incline thee to defer accepting of 
 good terms one hour after they are offered. This people 
 think privileges their due, and all that can be grasped to be 
 their native right ; but when dispensed with too liberal hand, 
 may prove their greatest unhappiness. Charters here have 
 been, or I doubt will be, of fatal consequence: some people's 
 brains are as soon intoxicated with power as the natives are 
 with their beloved liquor, and as little to be trusted with it. 
 They think it their business to secure themselves against a 
 queen's government; but then their privileges, could they ob- 
 tain them, may prove as troublesome and opposite to the public 
 good as now. A well-tempered mixture in government is the 
 happiest, the greatest liberty ; and property and commonwealth 
 men, invested with power, have been seen to prove the greatest 
 tyrants. 
 
 The governor is at present very ill with the cholica pictorium, 
 in no wise owing, I believe, to what is commonly accounted the 
 cause of it, intemperance. 
 
 There are three good companies of the militia in town, under 
 Capt. Roche, late of Antigua, young Capt. Finney, and Capt. 
 Lowther ; but the old party still are at all endeavors to discour- 
 age it, for now great part of the church are become of the loyal
 
 300 PENN AND LOGAN [1704. 
 
 side, and 'tis hoped will shortly address the Queen, no way to 
 the advantage of the uneasy gentlemen: thy son hopes to carry 
 it over and see it presented. Were all our own people as rea- 
 sonable as some others might be induced to be, we might live 
 much more easy. 
 
 The governor at present lodges at said Capt. Finney's, the 
 sheriff of this county, but intends, if he can acquit himself of 
 an engagement with Robert Asheton, to make one of our family 
 in William Clark's house in Chestnut Street, which we were 
 forced to take, the whole town not affording any suitable accom- 
 modation to thy son as a boarder ; those that were able declin- 
 ing the trouble, and others not being fit to accept it. We have 
 now been in it a month, having continued till then at Isaac Nor- 
 ris's, whose wife, though very obliging, could not bear so consider- 
 able an addition to the burden of her family, especially of her chil- 
 dren, tender, now six in number, and small. Samuel Carpenter 
 is retired wholly to his plantation. Edward Shippen's wife is 
 too humorsome, and it suited not his son's circumstances to be 
 with him. 
 
 I lie under a great hardship for want of a more full adjust- 
 ment of matters in relation to his supplies here. Before he 
 left England he threw himself, he says, entirely upon thy gen- 
 erosity, and therefore resents it the more nearly when I am not 
 able to come up to his expectations, which, though far from ex- 
 travagance, are yet much above the limits set me. The direc- 
 tions given me can by no means satisfy him, nor answer what 
 is thought suitable to the presumptive heir of the province upon 
 his first appearance in it, even by the most reasonable. He ex- 
 presses himself dutifully to thee, but, notwithstanding, it forces 
 him on thoughts that render his visit of less service to him. It 
 proves a hardship upon me between both, but I shall endeavor 
 the best, though in so nice a point I do not expect the success 
 of pleasing either. 
 
 We have lately received advices that the Queen has granted 
 her subjects liberty to trade with the Spanish West Indies, which 
 't is possible, if it succeed, may prove of advantage to these 
 parts. All depends on the archduke's success, from which, 
 according to present appearances, I doubt there is but little to
 
 1704] CORRESPONDENCE. 3OI 
 
 be expected, and if that comes to nothing, so I fear will the 
 English dominions in America. I wish they may stand else- 
 where ; as things are now, we lie under the greatest discourage- 
 ments. The country has scarce anything to pay, and all means 
 of returns, could we receive our effects, are cut of, except it be by 
 sending our goods to Barbadoes to be sold at less than half cost 
 here, and returned in rum, to purchase bills in Maryland, which 
 now also are dangerous and require great caution, but it is the 
 only trade now left us to purchase Engljsh goods by, and when 
 successful, has been profitable, their goods being very low there, 
 and bearing some price here ; but the risk is great, through the 
 great number of Martinico privateers: they have this war taken 
 above 150 sail of English, four of ours: another large sloop 
 belonging to Isaac Norris, Samuel Carpenter, &c., the last stick 
 that Samuel was concerned in at sea, was taken in her return 
 hither by a large privateer of St Maloes coming from the Havan- 
 na, called the Duke of Orleans, and being bought off again for;i^8oo 
 sterling, came a few days ago into Maryland. Capt. Puckle we 
 believe is lost, the vessels that came out in company with him 
 being arrived in Boston and Maryland some weeks ago ; if so, 
 it will be the greatest blow this country has received of the 
 kind. She is deep laden and rich, we are told, and goods have 
 not been known scarcer here, there being nothing arrived this 
 year from England. 
 
 I have lately wrote four several ways to John Askew to insure 
 ;^300 on thy account on John Guy from Carolina, some of which 
 must needs come to hand. Isaac Norris has done the same, as 
 William Trent also to his correspondent T. Coutts. I know not 
 what to say of that vessel : when that voyage was projected, 
 nothing could promise better, there being a great probability of 
 making our money sterling, but instead of that nothing could 
 have happened worse ; in her return to Carolina she met with 
 southerly winds which kept her long on her voyage, and the 
 commodore of the Virginia fleet, through an unaccountable 
 humor, sailing much sooner than was expected, and by that 
 means leaving many of the vessels under his charge behind him, 
 our vessel could not fail of the same unhappiness ; we then had 
 hopes the other two men-of-war intended to be sent to join and
 
 302 PENN AND LOGAN [1704. 
 
 Strengthen the Virginia convoy, missing the other, might arrive 
 and prove a second, for the vessels left behind; but meeting the 
 fleet about ten leagues from the capes at sea, the commodore 
 obliged them to return, without the privilege of refreshing them- 
 selves with wood or water, or landing any of their passengers ex- 
 cept eight, who bought one of their pinnaces and in that ventured 
 ashore. By these means there is not any probability of any 
 convoy again from these parts this year, and it was upon this 
 we wrote for insurance, .as before ; but now we much fear whether 
 it will be possible to persuade the master to sail, or to get men 
 to go home, and that, instead of sailing directly from Virginia, 
 according to our orders, which there wait him, he will come in 
 hither. 
 
 We have ddvices from our factor, there is loaded on the 
 joint account 150 barrels of rice, and 200 of pitch, and some 
 goods we believe upon freight: were it not for that, and that the 
 rice is a perishable commodity, it might be better if she came 
 in here and unloaded her pitch, which at home we believe is of 
 more value than the rice, and proceed in some other voyage, till 
 a better opportunity offers of shipping to England : we shall 
 rather, however, endeavor to send her away directly, and trust to 
 insurance, which, if not made, I request may be got done with a 
 proviso in case she proceed with her voyage, otherwise the pre- 
 mium to be returned ; which is very common. By all means I 
 request insurance be made, leaving it at large whether her de- 
 parture be from Carolina, Virginia, or Pennsylvania. I intended 
 in my letters to John Askew, of which he must doubtless 
 receive some, that I feared John Guy would scarce go master, 
 to which also regard must be had in the insurance. I know 
 J. A. will be very careful in this, being himself concerned in her 
 jointly with Isaac Norris, and when about it for himself will 
 not begrudge so much trouble for thee. I have been large here, 
 not only for thy full information, as that I may perhaps be dis- 
 appointed of writing to him per this opportunity, though I shall 
 endeavor it; and therefore intreat thee to communicate it, and 
 press it on him. The voyage will prove bad at the best, but I 
 cannot bear to think that from so good a prospect it should 
 become an entire loss. These things must needs prove very
 
 1704.] CORRESPONDENCE. 3O3 
 
 melancholy to thee, nor are they without a large share of the 
 same to me. I act for the best, and with the best advice and 
 concurrence, but against t*rovidence there is no contending. 
 Business of all kinds is so discouraging that I am quite dispirited, 
 and shall venture no more till there be a better prospect, and 
 the face of affairs alters, unless commanded ; but in that point 
 I have but too great reason to be easy, for as things now are I 
 can receive nothing to enable me to it; we can sell no lands, 
 nor receive for those sold : my present engagements are as much 
 as I can deal with. The governor not having received anything 
 yet from the country, expects, as well as thy son, his supply 
 from me. 
 
 I have not yet answered the interest due to W. Aubrey, which 
 I shall shorten as fast as possible by means of the town lots as 
 far as they will go, for the land will not sell now, but the trus- 
 tees have sent so very lame a power of attorney, that we can 
 make no titles by it to satisfy those that would purchase Peo- 
 ple there believe that anything will serve us, but they are much 
 mistaken, we are but too exact; we must have another instru- 
 ment, with much stronger clauses than Herbert Springett usually 
 puts in those he sends hither, obliging the constituents to ratify 
 and give further assurance, and this must be signed before two 
 evidences who can personally prove it here. We have a law 
 for this made at New Castle, and nothing short of it will do. 
 If this be neglected, so must the whole business, for we have no 
 power but what is given us, and this we have will extend no 
 further than to agree with the buyers till a title can be made. I 
 have wrote to the trustees themselves, by the Virginia fleet, which 
 whether received or not be pleased to press this, thyself being 
 nearest concerned in it. I wrote also to Robert Fairman, and 
 several others, by a later opportunity from hence to Virginia, 
 which I fear may miscarry, the fleet having sailed so disorderly, 
 and many fine ships left behind, which is likely to prove a great 
 loss to the country. 
 
 I am securing what convenieni pieces of land I can, but find 
 Fagg's and the 50,000 acres, of which thy son claims one moiety 
 by his mother, are both the same ; however, I shall lay out some 
 convenient tracts, at least the best I can, but there is very little
 
 304 PENN AND LOGAN [1704. 
 
 now to be found. Samuel Carpenter's great unhappiness in the 
 world^ by reason of the country sinking, and his debts growing 
 yearly, has much altered him ; his being concerned in the Sus- 
 quehanna business has been a retardment to it, though thou hast 
 not a heartier friend in the country. But how we shall get in 
 that money seems unintelligible to me; the circumstances of 
 times between subscription and payment so widely differ; I 
 shall, however, do what I possibly can in it, but we grow weak in 
 property affairs. Thomas Story has now been absent near five 
 months, upon which the corporation has made Da^^id Lloyd 
 recorder in his stead. Griffith Owen is weak in business, and 
 Edward Shippen in health : he is much broke of late by the 
 advances of that which admits no cure, and 'tis hard for me alone 
 to press affairs of importance as they ought to be. 
 
 I before advised of Col. Markham's decease on the nth of 
 last month ; he died of one of his usual fits, and was buried very 
 honorably, like a soldier, with the militia, &c. I have received 
 all the papers from the widow, and we are to have the accounts 
 viewed and examined ; but J. Reignier, the counsellor, her son- 
 in-law, stands very firm to her, and they plead debts due to 
 them for services, over and above all that can be presented 
 against them. He is now gone to Yo'"k, but at his return we 
 ire to inquire into it. The old gentleman made a will, but has 
 eft his own daughter very little, though with him. The regis- 
 cer's office is now in the governor's own hands. We are healthy 
 and poor; a good crop and harvest, but the most hot, dry weather 
 that has been in my time. I shall not now add but that with 
 due respects and sincere love to the family, I am 
 
 Thy faithful and obedient J. Logan. 
 
 Thy son-in-law assures me that there has not been one paper 
 secreted since Col. Markham's death, and that every scrap he 
 left behind him is ready to be produced : when so solemnly 
 affirmed, and offered further upon oath, I must not mistrust it, 
 but at the same time it falls the heavier upon the person who 
 continued in the business so long, and left no memorial of his 
 proceedings behind him but what can be gleaned from his scat- 
 tered receipts abroad. 
 
 [This is added by Mrs. Logan, and appears to he an extract of a letter addressed 
 by Logan to Col. Markham's widow. — Editor.]
 
 1704.] CORRESPONDENCE. 305 
 
 William Penn to James Logan. 
 
 12th ^th-mo., 1704. 
 
 Last night came to hand thine of the i2th-mo. 12th, 1703-4. 
 and a postcript of the 14th i.st-mo. following, which made some 
 atonement for that long silence we have uneasily borne, "and 
 reasons for it. All that time and wind will allow me to say is, 
 1st. That I only desire to hear from thence as often as others. 
 2d. That my heart is glad at the news of my poor child's arrival 
 safe among you, and more, that he does not offend, and is likely 
 to be discreet. 3d. That he had not only one, but divers letters 
 for you, single besides packets. One Joshua had, if not more 
 4th. I desire the governor and Judge Mompesson would be very 
 large and particular to me in their proper stations, and what 
 aims and hints they think proper for me to take measures 
 by for the general good. I am glad my son sometimes attends 
 to learn business, and pray let me know if he inclines to stay 
 till I come, and have his wife and children to go to him or [he] 
 return to them. 5th. Keep the ;^2,500 that I ordered to S. Car- 
 penter in thy own hands, if in danger there, because I would 
 assign it for paying off debts, to such as chose to have it in thy 
 hands, of which more per next. 6th. I am very sorry that our 
 people stoop not to the Queen, that stoops so much and so 
 kindly to me. They will, I fear, provoke a ruin to me and mine, 
 to the loss of the government, without a proportionate satisfac- 
 tion to me, and a yoke upon themselves too. 
 
 Those sttirdics.wxW never leave off till they catch a Tartar, and 
 must come hither to be lost in the crowd of taller folks, to be 
 humbled and made more pliable; for what with the distance and 
 the scarcity of mankind there, they opine too much, and I am 
 under great dissatisfaction at what thou wrotest about their 
 aversion to the union.^ 
 
 I know this aversion to a union, now the Queen has ordered 
 the means of it, will set an ill complexion upon them towards 
 her at my cost at last, and recommend their enemies. Nay. 
 
 ' [That is, to the union under one government, legislative and execu- 
 tive, of the ^^ three lower counties,'" now constituting the State of Dela- 
 ware, with the three upper, then designated as the Province of Penn- 
 sylvania. — Editor.] 
 VOL. I. — 21
 
 306 PENN AND LOGAN [l704- 
 
 were I better posted in the lower counties, I would find a way 
 to dissolve the charter so far, but in no real privileges. 
 
 7th. Let me know why the two packets that were lost were 
 dangerous ; and supply my son Aubrey to his attorney there. 
 8thf I fear thy letters and mine have been lost by intercep- 
 tion rather than by other miscarriages. 9th. I am glad the In- 
 dians were so regardful of me as to come down to congratu- 
 late my son and present him. I hope you were good to them 
 in return. lOth. I hope the governor will cure disaffected, 
 where any are so refractory as to refuse; but they think to be 
 exempted from charge, or that I was to come thither and spend 
 more than they gave me, and return at my own charge, for all 
 they gave by assembly equals not what it cost to gp, stay there 
 and return, and to maintain our common right (above ;^3,000 
 since I came back) from a yoke the basest of them would not 
 suffer without clamor, nth. I told thee of opening a trade with 
 the Spaniards before mine came to hand, and thou mayst de- 
 pend upon it. I am now going to the Lord Treasurer about it, 
 and to Sir Peter Meddows,' and if I hear any more will intimate 
 it before I seal, though the merchants and masters have gone 
 down and the wind fair. Here are some proclamations of the 
 Queen, sent me by the lords, with a letter about the corn, with 
 a salvo to thy objections of precontracts too. 'T is general — 
 none of my doings, nor indeed of my opposing, for that practice 
 is run down by all the men of good sense or good morals at 
 this end of the world. My dear embraces to my poor child. 
 The Lord direct and preserve him. My salutes to the governor, 
 judge, council, friends, and magistrates, and I hope the Lord 
 will bring us to you before or by this time twelve months. 
 
 I am thy loving friend, Wm. Penn. 
 
 P. S. — My wife's dear love to my son, and rejoices in his safe 
 arrival. She salutes Friends and the governor. Thy last came 
 by Portugal, a copy, save in thy own hand. Johnne says, 
 " Respects, duty, and love to brother." 
 
 ^ iz^th ^th-mo., 1704. 
 
 The 13th came thine of the i6th 3d-mo., and my dear son's 
 
 ^ [Doubtless an error in copying, and intended for Sir Philip Mead- 
 ows, Knight, a member of the Board of Trade and Plantations. — 
 Editor.]
 
 1704.] CORRESPONDENCE. 307 
 
 separate, to my great comfort, which I have sent to my daughter, 
 
 though I doubt not she has one herself. We also hear that the 
 
 Virginia fleet is in the chops of the Channel. 
 
 20th tyih-mo. 
 
 I herewith send a copy of the instructions to the governor 
 about opening a trade with the Spaniards ; and perhaps a letter 
 njay come formally to me, to send to the governor and council, 
 as I do this, about money. 
 
 Pray let not Flower send us over any news-letter but what 
 thou makest correct and fit to be published, which we have 
 made this in some measure. Vale. W. Penn. 
 
 22// e^th-mo. 
 
 Tell my cousin Markham ^ I have his, and take it kindly from 
 him. It is a good general and of some particular views that is 
 instructing. He has good sense, and I see it does not leave 
 him. I am sorry he is not in his place. Herewith comes a fresh 
 commission for an attorney-general; for I would have that vio- 
 lent fellow out of all places in my government, and despise his 
 forwardness, since in vain I have so long suffered in his car- 
 riage : about Captain Dunn is sufficient, and his disputing of my 
 commission to my cousin Markham. I must say I take ill the 
 governor not writing. 'T is hardly credible with those that ask 
 me, of his friends ; and more, they think it unpardonable. 
 
 My cousin is very just to him in a discreet character, and 
 so he is to thee also. Pray consult him sometimes, and tell 
 Col. Evans I would have him do so too ; and in honor to him I 
 have offered him to be of the council. 
 
 I shall write no more to Evans, having written twice already, 
 till I hear from him. This business of the disunion sticks with 
 me still. I fear it will lead to a worse thing, unless we adjust 
 the matter where it is. What will the Queen think, after all 
 my memorials to preserve the government without a seam, to 
 
 ^Col. Markham died the 12th of 4th-mo., 1704. Samuel Preston, 
 in a letter of this date, thus mentions him: "This morning, about 2 
 of the clock, our near neighbor and old friend, Col. Markham, ended 
 a sorrowful life: a man, thou knowest, well respected, yet not to be 
 lamented by his best friends. I was a spectator of his latter end : it 
 was not with much hardship or struggle. To-morrow his body is to 
 be buried, &c."—L.
 
 308 PENN AND LOGAN L'704- 
 
 find, and that on our side, it is torn in two! Oh, the weak- 
 ness of men ! Use the utmost of thy address with the wise, 
 the honest, and the weak, to accommodate things; and don't let 
 them make use of a charter against me, now I keep the govern- 
 ment at unspeakable charge, and at evidence that I only granted 
 in the extent it has against our enemies, when they and I feared 
 I should lose it. This thought, one would imagirie, well laid 
 before them, should prevail with them. I doubt not I could 
 have made disunion one branch of my bargain to have kept the 
 
 rest, had they gone into a union at present; but ^ 
 
 Here is a long letter of J. Mompesson to Charles Lawton, 
 inclosed in a less, designed for the view of Lord Clarendon, 
 who showed it to me, and was the reason of his retrenchment 
 at last; but not a word of me in it, as well as the newsmonger: 
 not a very respectful omission, after my civilities and tender- 
 ness. The last m'ight have said something that looked thank- 
 ful to me, from the care I had over them in sending over a 
 governor to them, according to the poet: 
 
 " If Tom such praises have " 
 
 Nor has he said anything of my son by way of distinction, either 
 in respect, or to denote him my son, which I have endeavored 
 to supply by the word young in this print ; for from the imper- 
 fect mention of Col. Evans going over governor, those two, or 
 one of them, the " Post Boy," and " Flying Post," gave occasion to 
 the nations to think the Queen had solely made him, and I lost 
 my government; but the Post man handsomely corrected it: and 
 people might have thought, without young, it had been so in- 
 deed, and that I was gone with him a blank, he being called 
 governor; but I have added lieutenant, to prevent such a con- 
 struction. I have no other letters yet from thee than what I 
 have mentioned. I hope by the Virginia fleet you will make 
 us amends. Those newspapers will come to you. 
 
 Be punctual in my son Aubrey's business to keep my credit 
 with my poor girl. Tell my son all were well at Worminghurst 
 t' other day. 
 
 ^ [This IS so in the original letter, the sentence remaining unfinished. 
 — Editor.]
 
 1704] CORRESPONDENCE. 309 
 
 I inclose a letter from Lord Clarendon to his son, the neigh- 
 boring governor/ about Samuel Bonas,^ that if he is not yet at 
 liberty, will I hope procure it. But I admire at his remissions 
 if not proceedings at this time of day, when the Queen and 
 ministry show so moderate a side towards Dissenters here, and 
 on complaint in this affair would be very -ready to resent and 
 reprimand such a differing conduct. 'Send it to him by a dis- 
 creet friend, if needful. 
 
 I think to chide S. Vaus for his unaccountable silence to thee 
 about so many accounts between you. Nothing yet come since 
 I begun this, now about eleven days ago. The ships are ready 
 to sail, and the wind at north, so that I conclude with my kind 
 love to all the deserving, and dear love to my child, who I hope 
 studies, at least reads and takes notice of some of my excellent 
 as well as thy histories, and what relates to government. I close, 
 Thy loving friend, Wm. Penn. 
 
 James Logan to William Penn. 
 
 Philadelphia, 2(ith e^th-mo., 1704. 
 
 Honored Governor: — This comes now to inform thee that 
 on first-day last, the 23d instant, in the morning, this place un- 
 fortunately lost its collector, that good-natured gentleman, John 
 Bewley : he was taken away by a dozing lethargic distemper, 
 and I believe apoplectic, without sense of pain, having been 
 abroad two days before ; and because of his corpulency, and heat 
 of the season, was buried that evening. 
 
 Immediately upon this, John Moore applied to Col. Quary for 
 the place, who is now surveyor-general of the continent,^ upon 
 a promise that not only he, but they both say the commis- 
 sioners or Savage had made him upon the first vacancy. Next 
 
 ' [Lord Cornbury. — Editor.] 
 
 * " Samuel Bonas is a prisoner still. He was confined for one year, 
 which is out within a few days ; he has been patj^nt in suffering and is 
 well esteemed by all friends." — Extract from letter of Rachel Preston, 
 dated Philadelphia, y:>th ibr. , 1 704. He was imprisoned in Rhode 
 Island on a religious scruple. — L. 
 
 'Extract of S. Preston's letter, dated Philadelphia, ist 6th-mo.,
 
 310 PENN AND LOGAN [1704. 
 
 morning being second-day, the governor sent for Col. Quary to 
 consult with him what was to be done. Quary claimed the 
 right of preferring one to the place, and pleaded from some of 
 the commissioners' letters he had good reason to pitch upon 
 that person. The governor desired to see his commission, which 
 when produced was found to contain nothing to that purpose, 
 yet still he insisted on it. • The governor appointed to meet him 
 at Quary's own house in the afternoon, and accordingly went, 
 but found Quary, without further hesitation, had already granted 
 Moore a commission and settled him in the place, upon which 
 the governor, saying what was proper modestly to assert his 
 right of being concerned in it, without making any exceptions 
 against the person, as not being then seasonable, left them, and 
 now John Moore is her Majesty's collector for the port of Phila- 
 delphia, at least for the time being. 
 
 Of what consequences this may prove I need not here men- 
 tion, but it may easily be concluded from that man's rapacious 
 temper, who is well known to regard no interest but his own, 
 and makes use of offices and great names, only as they can be 
 subservient to that and the exigencies of his family. John 
 Bewley is dead, who could best inform of his expressions in 
 relation to that office, and particularly of his saying that were 
 it in his hands he should find a way to make his remittances to 
 the Crown much shorter to that purpose, and he has been heard 
 to say, when speaking of thy over-officious compliance with the 
 orders of the Crown, as it has been thought by some here, in 
 sending away the pirate's money, that had it been in his hands, 
 he would sooner have lost his neck than parted with one farth- 
 ing of it, though all the secretaries of England had wrote for 
 it. But 't is needless to mention those passages to one so fully 
 acquainted with him. 
 
 I bear no personal ill-will to the man, yet cannot think but 
 that Quary is in vain appointed surveyor, over a person in that 
 office, for whom he is under such obligations to provide. Here 
 
 1704: "We have lately buried John Bewley, our collector, who will be 
 "much missed in his place. If the man who now represents him, viz., 
 John Moore, should be continued, we shall have cause to say (I fear) 
 the change is no small disappointment to this port." — L.
 
 1704.] CORRESPONDENCE. 3II 
 
 is one Henry Brook, a young gentleman now in town, grandson 
 to Sir Henry Brook, of Norton in Cheshire, who, for the con- 
 veniency of a younger branch of the family of which he is, 
 came over hither about two years ago collector of Lewes, which 
 place was by an unworthy abuse of some under the commission 
 fobbed upon him, instead of New Castle at first promised, and 
 granted to him by the board ; but delays being thrown in the 
 way, Lowman found an interest to worm him out of it. He will 
 stand candidate for the place, has an interest in some of the 
 lord treasurer's family, though not so well known to himself, 
 particularly in his brother Charles Godolphin, one of the present 
 commissioners, and his sister, M. Boscawen, who lives with her 
 son-in-law, Philip Meadows, at Kensington. I really take him 
 to be a young man of the most polite education and best nat- 
 ural parts that I have known, at least before his time, thrown 
 away on this corner of the world, and am confident would 
 acquit himself with much honor wherever he is concerned : he 
 has wrote to the persons above mentioned, whose interest with 
 their brother, the treasurer, may be of great service, and if thou 
 wilt be pleased to back it, this place, I believe, would find itself 
 much obliged to thee, as well as he in particular. 
 
 Col. Seymour, present governor of Maryland, has lately made 
 this place a visit; he arrived on the 15th instant. Quary only 
 and some of his friends had notice of his arrival, by a trick of 
 Quary's man; upon which, no others knowing it, and his arrival 
 being late at night, he took him to his house, where he staid till 
 the 20th. Thy son was at Pennsbury, but came down upon ad- 
 vice of it. He dined once with us, and once with Richard Hill. 
 Presently upon his arrival, he made J. Moore his deputy in the 
 vice-admiralty, for which he seemed afterwards much troubled. 
 The governor was then extremely ill of his distemper, and could 
 not wait on him, nor any one else that had an interest in or 
 any acquaintance with him, so that Moore was in a manner 
 pushed upon him of a sudden ; but he made many protesta- 
 tions afterwards that upon the least complaint his commission 
 should terminate, and the governor should nominate whom he 
 pleased. He seems a friend to thee and thy interest, loves thy 
 son, takes great freedom in speech, in which he spares neither
 
 312 PENN AND LOGAN [1704. 
 
 Nicholson ^ nor Quary to his face, nor any other with whom he 
 thinks he has reason to be displeased. 
 
 Captain Puckle not being yet arrived, is generally given up 
 for lost, and honest Edward Shippen with him. A vessel five 
 weeks ago arrived in Virginia that left him off the Western 
 Islands. We daily expect a company of the Onondagoe In- 
 dians, who two months ago sent us notice they were coming to 
 trade with us, which is like to prove very unfortunate, there 
 being no kind of goods for them but powder in town. I doubt 
 we are in great danger of. losing those nations. Bear-skins 
 and other peltry being so very low in England, we hear, that 
 the merchants cannot afford any price for them, while in the 
 mean time, the French buy them at high rates, and it is well 
 known that interest chiefly sways these people, and that on that 
 bottom chiefly they build their friendship. It seems very 
 strange that bear-skins should take so great and sudden a fall in 
 price, while the camps are yet as much on foot as ever. 
 
 Elizabeth Jackson, after a tedious weakness, died this morn- 
 ing. The violence of the season proves very trying to tender 
 constitutions. The governor is much better than he was ; he 
 walks abroad, but is still so weakly he cannot frame himself to 
 write by this opportunity, and requests to be excused, as I must 
 also, for my prolixity, after which I shall not presume to add 
 but that I am, as ever, 
 
 Thy dutiful and affectionate friend, J. Logan. 
 
 Isaac Norris to Jonathan Dickinson.^ 
 IBx/rai:^] 2%ih ^th-nio., i']o/^i 
 
 .... The governor is a young man of good sense, and hith- 
 erto carries very well. Col. Quary is surveyor-general of cus- 
 toms and judge of the admiralty here again, and John Moor 
 (since the death of honest Bewley, last first-day, suddenly) is 
 our collector appointed by the colonel. The person thou hear- 
 est of is one Capt. George Roche, from Antigua. He has 
 
 ^ Governor of Virginia. — L. ' Norris MSS.
 
 1704.] CORRESrOXDENCE. 3I3 
 
 bought Christopher Sibthorpe's, and last week has taken most 
 of Samuel Carpenter's warehouses and part of the dwelling- 
 house, and carries on a great trade, especially to Antigua. Samuel 
 Carpenter is out of trade, lives at plantation. He has sold the 
 scales and the Coffee House, and intends to sell off more. 
 
 William Penn to James Logan 
 
 WoRMiNGHURST, \2th 6th-fno., 1704. 
 I have, since my last to thee, thine, I suppose via Barbadoes, 
 containing a copy of thine of the 5th lobr., and thine 15th 
 l2th-mo. last, and also that of the i8th ditto, likewise thine 
 inclosed to John Askew, of the 22d 4th-mo., by which I learn 
 of your welfare and my son's safe return from and liking Con- 
 estoga, for which I bless God. I have sent thee a great packet 
 by one Daniel, I think, on board Captain Robertson, with 
 which is gone John Lask and one Arbethnight, both Scotsmen, 
 and both recommended to thee, and capable, I am told, to help 
 thee, being scholars, and bred to the business of the pen, one a 
 professor of Friends' principles, and the other kind, I have 
 chid S. Vaus as thou writ, who promised at my leaving the 
 town to write to thee about the several cargoes. No news of 
 Grey, but the Virginia fleet has got safely in, though six men- 
 of-war from France watched them in the chops of the Channel. 
 None of thy letters to son Aubrey, Daniel Whar, Churchill, &c., 
 come that I can hear. Enclose thy packets to John Ellis, Esq., 
 at Sir Charles Hedge's office, at Whitehall, for the Queen's 
 special service, for they come without foul play to me, covering 
 it with a few civil lines to him. By the packet per Daniel goes 
 the Queen's letter to me, and her proclamation about the coin, 
 also the Queen's letter to me about opening a trade with the 
 Spaniards, as in time of peace. I have been more express to 
 my son, which pray him to communicate. I am sorry about 
 the death of my cousin Markham, of which neither thou nor my 
 son say anything, also of the removal of Judge Mompesson to 
 York, both which I learned from cousin Parmyter of the 5th
 
 314 PENN AND LOGAN [1704. 
 
 last month, from York, the Galley coming in 20 days. I would 
 have civilities shown the widow (of Markham) only for his 
 sake, after all faults. Poor man ! I hope he made none of the 
 worst ends. I intended to have been further kind, notwith- 
 standing his malicious enemies. I hear the night Col. Evans 
 and my son arrived in your town, Quary and Moore were then 
 a-drinking to a Queen's government. Blessed be God for their 
 disappointment. I struggle for that pjor country's preserva- 
 tion, to the wasting of my time and person, besides purse. The 
 Lord bless my. labors to posterity ! I have read and weighed 
 thine of the i8th i2th-mo. I am glad religion came in upon 
 thy spirit at the door of disappointment and its exercises; thou 
 hast got well by it, however; may a weighty frame prevail to 
 sanctify thy capacity in all affairs, that a good and wise man 
 thou mayst approve thyself to all sorts. I hope to see you by 
 this time twelvemonth, the Lord permitting, and I would hope 
 one country would hold me and mine ; thou knowest what I 
 mean. If thou couldst send a vessel to the Madeiras and pur- 
 chase wines to come directly hither, even George's or Fayal's, 
 which are best, and some Passados, I believe it would be by 
 much the best way of returns, except bills, though, as I have 
 writ, divers have been protested. I have sent a packet by Jo. 
 Martin on board the Good Intent, by whom I believe this will 
 go. All our loves is to thee, and my dear son, and friends as 
 if named, especially Capt. Hill, from whom I have two letters, 
 for which I own myself debtor. God Almighty preserve you 
 all, under the power of what you believe and profess, and then 
 never fear hell, death, and the grave. Farewell. 
 
 Thy cordial friend, Wm. Penn. 
 
 P. S. — I am afraid Lord Clarendon undid most of what he did 
 for Mompesson. I would have Lowther or my cousin Parmyter 
 attorney-general and register, instead of J. Moore. Consider 
 of it. I should choose the latter, having stemmed the tide 
 about him here. Will J. Jones's potash do ? A rare return, and 
 I should be glad of a concern in it. Tell my son I think to 
 send a gardener.
 
 1704.] CORRESPONDENCE. 315 
 
 Isaac Norris to Jonathan Dickinson, 
 l£xfra^f.'} Philadelphia, 27/A Ti>r., 1704. 
 
 .... We have unhappy disagreements in our government. 
 The province is disjunct in assembly from the territories, and 
 the assembly and governor cannot agree upon some things in 
 the provincial charter which the proprietor granted the province 
 at his going off, especially about sitting on their own adjourn- 
 ments. The governor, in opposition to this, asserts the power 
 of dissolution and prorogation, which the assembly think in- 
 consistent w^ith an annual election and sittings. Contests have 
 been carried on warmly on both sjdes, and another assembly in 
 course next month, I fear the consequences, which our secret as 
 well as public enemies foment. By the Queen's orders that 
 oaths shall be administered to all that demand them. Friends 
 are shut out of the judicature:, they endeavor to preserve them- 
 selves in the mayor's court, but are strenuously opposed, and 
 their attempts to discourage vice, looseness, and immorality, 
 which increase, are baffled by proclamations making void their 
 presentations, and the unhappy misunderstanding between them 
 and the country increases. 
 
 William Penn, junior, quite gone off from Friends. He, being 
 in company with some extravagants that beat the watch at Enoch 
 Story's, was presented with them : which unmannerly and dis- 
 respectful act, as he takes it, gives him great disgust, and seems 
 a waited occasion. He talks of going home in the Jersey man- 
 of-war, next month. I wish things had been better or he had 
 never come. 
 
 'T is said Maryland is now passing a law to prohibit, or lay 
 severe impositions on all trade with us, which will be greatly to 
 our injury. We have eight or ten vessels that came out of Bar- 
 badoes with a fleet arrived, the rest expected daily, which glut, 
 just at this juncture, will run West India goods very low. 'Tis 
 I presume a few great dons, whom I could name, designing to 
 monopolize the trade to themselves, are the promoters.
 
 3l6 PENN AND LOGAN [l704- 
 
 James Logan to William Penn. 
 
 Ppiiladelphia, 28//i Tl^r., 1704. 
 
 Honored Governor: — This comes at length by the brigan- 
 tine Robert and Benjamin, of whom I have so often wrote to 
 thyself and John Askew, and for insurance. Thou art concerned 
 seven twenty-fourths in her bottom and freight, as I have before 
 stated, and one-third of her cargo on the owner's account. We have 
 met with a very great disappointment in her. not going home by 
 the Virginia fleet, which if she had done, she might in all proba- 
 bility have made our money sterling, and as it is, we hope will bring 
 it near the exchange, viz., 50 per cent., if not still more unfor- 
 tunate than we can foresee. Thy success at sea is so very dis- 
 couraging, that I should never be willing to be concerned more 
 this way, and William Trent, who has hitherto been a partner in 
 most of thy losses, almost protests against touching with any 
 vessel again where a proprietary holds a part. I hope, however, 
 she will arrive safe at last, and bring some effects to hand. The 
 bills of lading and general invoice are sent to John Askew, to 
 whom I have made bold to consign thy part this time, because 
 he is in part concerned in her himself, and therefore hope he 
 will be more careful in disposing of her to advantage. 
 
 I cannot foresee when I shall ever be so happy as to be able 
 to give thee encouraging accounts of thy affairs here; they seem 
 every day to look with a more and more melancholy aspect, and 
 I am sorry I must now turn my pen to so unhappy a subject as 
 the present state of public affairs here. 
 
 The governor I doubt not will be particular himself, but I 
 must also take leave to write my thoughts with the same free- 
 dom always done on all subjects hitherto, though I believe I can 
 scarce say anything but what his pen will touch. 
 
 I, in several letters by Virginia, Boston, Barbadoes, and the 
 Madeiras this summer, have given thee an account of the dila- 
 tory proceedings of the assembly after their entire separation 
 from the lower counties, which method they still continued till 
 the ^ of last month, when, upon a sharp fit of sickness of the 
 
 ^ [This is blank. — Editor.]
 
 I704-J CORRESPONnENCE. 317 
 
 governor's, they broke up of themselves, without one bill 
 being past, declaring that till the point of dissolution and 
 prorogation were .conceded, of the power of which they would 
 have the governor divest himself, they could not think it 
 proper to proceed to any other business. They presented in 
 all, three bills to the governor: the first for explaining the 
 city charter, in which they had crowded so many extravagant 
 privileges and new grants, under pretence of removing doubts, 
 that Judge Mompcsson affirms that of London is not to be com- 
 pared to what they would make it ; this was so very far out of 
 the way that the governor and council could scarce think it 
 worth while to enter upon the consideration of it. The third 
 was a bill for confirming property, in that they brought in all 
 the clauses of the great charter thou left imperfected at thy de- 
 parture, with the addition of several other clauses ; some of 
 them are not to be found fault with, others less reasonable, but 
 with very little regard anywhere to thy interest. This also, be- 
 cause the first was not got over, was but little considered. The 
 bills are all drawn by David Lloyd, the speaker, and exactly 
 come up to what may be expected from his temper. He pro- 
 fesses all the fairness and candor that is possible to the gov- 
 ernor, but some are of opinion, especially his father-in-law, who 
 does not draw with him, that he would endeavor to make use 
 of thy lieutenant against thyself, but he is much mistaken in the 
 man : the governor has too much honor to be made use of. 
 David professes so much zeal for the public good, that with the 
 joint endeavors of J. Wilcox, a representative for the city, and 
 one or two more, he has gained too great an ascendant over the 
 honest country members to let thy interest be considered as it 
 ought. Next 2d- day, the first of 8br., there will be a new elec- 
 tion, and I fear much such another set of members chosen for 
 this place as before, to which I doubt not the following passages 
 will contribute, being so improved by some to serve the ends 
 desired. 
 
 The governor, upon the Queen's letter from the Lords of 
 Trade, commanding him to put the province in a state of de- 
 fence in this time of war, thought himself obliged to his utmost 
 to establish a militia, and accordingly. settled three good com-
 
 3l8 PENN AND LOGAN [1704. 
 
 panics in this town, as I have wrote before ; but because the 
 service was all voluntary, and many of the soldiers begrudging 
 their time and labor without any manner of recompense, it was 
 proposed, for an encouragement, that all persons who would en- 
 list themselves should be exempted from all services of the 
 wards, as watching, constables, &c. ; and accordingly the gov- 
 ernor issued a proclamation, of which a copy is inclosed, for 
 that purpose. Upon this, those of the church party, who desired 
 to discourage a militia, refused to watch at all, because all would 
 not, and thereby gave many occasion to discourse of the proc- 
 lamation. Not long after this, the watch, meeting with a com- 
 pany at Enoch Story's, a tavern, in which some of the militia 
 officers were, a difference arose, that ended with some rudeness. 
 Next night, the watch coming again to the same place, and thy 
 son happening to be in company there, was something of a 
 fray, which ended with the watch's retiring. This, with all the 
 persons concerned in it, was taken notice of the next mayor's 
 court that sat, which was the third of this month ; and hot any 
 regard had to names by the grand jury, beyond whom it did 
 not pass. The indignity, however, put upon the eldest son of 
 the founder of their corporation, so early after the date of their 
 charter, is looked upon, by most moderate men, to be very base; 
 and by him, the governor, and all others concerned in the gov- 
 ernment not quite of their party, is deeply resented as a thing 
 exceedingly provoking ; and it had its effects, in some measure, 
 accordingly ; for the court at the same session proceeding against 
 Enoch Story for disorders in his house, his attorney put the 
 Queen's orders upon them, and desired that the evidence against 
 him, being one that could swear, should take his oath, which 
 the court not being able to administer, there being no juror 
 amongst them, they proceeded upon his attestation only, and 
 brought the matter, I think, to a judgment. Upon this, Story 
 petitioned the governor in council, that, according to the said 
 ordinance, the proceedings might be declared void ; and accord- 
 ingly the governor issued his proclamation, which those skilled 
 in the law, among whom Judge Mompesson, .advised as the 
 proper method. A copy of the proclamation is also inclosed. 
 About this time the Lord Cornbury, being at Burlington with
 
 1704.] CORRESPONDENCE. 319 
 
 the assembly of that province immediately after the yearly 
 meeting there, took a voyage down the river to visit Gloucester 
 and Salem, arid to view the river : but upon his last arrival at 
 Burlington, and to the time of his undertaking that voyage, it 
 was confidently reported that, upon his design of visiting New 
 Castle likewise in his progress, 1st of 8br., his business there 
 was to take possession of our lower counties, for which, it was 
 given out, a commission was granted by the Queen, but not yet 
 arrived. This, I doubted not, was false ; yet, least he might 
 tamper with any of the disaffected there, I resolved to go down 
 by land, to observe him, but found nothing like what had been 
 so freely talked of In this time the proclamation for Story 
 was issued ; so that, whether it please thee or not, I can claim 
 no manner of merit in it. The corporation was exceedingly 
 disturbed at this, and resolved to complain to the governor by 
 way of remonstrance, a redress of their grievances exhibited in 
 three heads, given last /th-day writing, of which a copy is in- 
 closed ; and upon failure, resolve to apply hence to their supe- 
 riors ; by which whether they mean thee or the Queen we know 
 not, but by their expressions some of them seem to give out 
 that they are assured their gracious sovereign will have a very 
 tender regard for their sufferings, and as soon as heard, plenti- 
 fully pour out relief upon them ; and yet one would reasonably 
 think they might learn to be wiser, from a passage last 5th-day 
 at Burlington, when a kinsman ^ dissolved the assembly there, 
 without passing an act, though there were several prepared, only 
 because they had granted him no more than ^1,500 for one year, 
 and ^1,000 per an. for two years more, which by act they were 
 ready to do, notwithstanding the whole province has not three 
 vessels that ever I heard of belonging to it that go to sea, and I am 
 confident, now wheat is so low, is more than could reasonably be 
 expected from them, the whole government having no trade but 
 with this province on the western side, and York on the other; but 
 " Quos perdere vult Jupiter prima dementat," ' it mustbe our fate, it 
 
 • Of the Queen's, whose mother was the Lady Ann Hyde, daughter 
 of the great Earl of Clarendon. Lord Cornbury's father was proba- 
 bly first cousin to the queen, — L. 
 
 * It is with difficulty I can make out the English from parts of the
 
 320 PENN AND LOGAN [1704. 
 
 sccnis, in conformity I doubt with all the rest of the English 
 dominions ; for I am of the same mind still as this time twelve 
 months ago. But to return : 
 
 Mr. William, incensed at the barbarous treatment he received 
 from the corporation in that act of theirs, thought himself obliged 
 no longer to keep any measures with such as, making more 
 than ordinary pretences to religion, could so little observe any 
 rules of decency with him, or gratitude and respect to their 
 founder; and, therefore, to show he would have no more com- 
 munication with men of that temper, indulged himself in the 
 same freedom that others take, upon a visit the Lady Corn- 
 bury made to this place, whilst his lordship sat at Burlington, 
 and so seems resolved to continue. Notwithstanding this, he 
 still expresses such a tender regard to his father's profession, 
 that nothing can disturb him more than to hear it unkindly 
 treated. He is still for espousing the cause, though angry with 
 the men, and declares that in his heart it will ever be his only 
 religion, though he thinks fit to decline all the outward appear- 
 ance of it. He is just now returned from Pennsbury, where he 
 entertained the Lord and Lady Cornbury ; and, what we could 
 not believe before, though for a few days past he has discoursed 
 of it, assures us that he is resolved to go home from York in 
 the Jersey man-of-war, and within a week, at furthest, designs to 
 set off from this place. Byerly, the collector of that place, has 
 offered to supply him with money, to be paid again as it can be 
 ■raised from his lands here, of a considerable quantity of which 
 he intends to dispose, if he can possibly induce some chapmen 
 he has in view, on whom I also had a design, and had been 
 treating with them about Letitia's, though he should sell con- 
 siderably under the value. This will put me in no small hurry 
 to dispatch such papers with him as I can possibly get ready, 
 and provide at the same time for New York, where, to be sure, 
 I must accompany him. 
 
 About a month ago the Indians of the Five Nations, that I 
 
 old copy, from which I write. If the Latin* is bad, it is surely an 
 error of one of the transcribers. — L. 
 
 * [Quos Deus vult perdere prius dementat. — Editor.]
 
 1704.] CORRESPONDENCE. 321 
 
 mentioned in my former letter, at length arrived here, very 
 seasonably, after we were furnished with goods by Puckle, 
 whom we had long before utterly given up for lost, and had a 
 treaty with us, which we hope may prove of service. But it is 
 by no means agreeable to Lord Cornbury, who, with all the 
 government of York, is jealous that we should have anything 
 to do with these people. 
 
 James Logan to William Penn. 
 
 Philadelphia, ^dZbr., 1704. 
 Yesterday being the time appointed by charter for elections, 
 David Lloyd, Reese Thomas, Joshua Carpenter, Joseph Wilcox, 
 Jno. Roberts of Merion, Edward Bolton, Edmund Orpwood, and 
 Francis Rawle were chosen for this county, and Tho. Masters 
 and Charles Read for the city. Jno. Budd and Benj. Wright 
 were chosen to be presented to the governor to nominate one 
 of them sheriff; but at the time of election, the governor giving 
 them his opinion that they had not a right to elect sheriffs this 
 year, the time for it being only once in three years, and that 
 since their first right to elect, which was 8br., 1702, there were 
 but two years elapsed, he resolves to continue in the same, and 
 for this year will not, I suppose, commissionate either of those 
 
 " At a council, 2d 7br., 1704,* the attorney-general informed the 
 board that last night there had been a great fray in the city, between 
 the watch and some gentlemen, that the gentlemen had received great 
 abuses from the watch, who were backed by the mayor, recorder, and 
 onef alderman, that the peace had been broke, and several persons 
 injured, and the mayor and recorder being (according to his informa- 
 tion) concerned as parties, the tryal could not be brought into the city 
 court, and therefore he laid it before the governor whether a tryal 
 ought not to be ordered in some other proper court ? Wimesses were 
 examined, and the mayor, recorder, and Jos. Wilcox (alderman) 
 being summoned to appear at the board, came and vindicated them- 
 selves from being any otherways concerned in the fray than as in duty 
 bound to quell the disturbance." 
 
 * [In the volume of minutes as published by the Commonwealth, there is no minuW 
 of the date of 2d "jbr., 1 704. — Editor.] 
 
 f Tradition says that he seized the governor, who was one of the gentlemen's 
 party, and (the lights being put out) gave him a severe drubbing, redoubling his 
 blows upon him as a slanderer when he disclosed his quality. — L. 
 VOL. I. — 22
 
 322 PENN AND LOGAN [1704. 
 
 returned ; but next year their right of election of course returns. 
 I know not whether this may not breed some disgust, the people 
 groundlessly imagining that 't is designed all their privileges 
 will be invaded ; but 't is thought convenient that young Capt. 
 Finney should be obliged, and continued. To-day the mayor 
 and aldermen waited on the governor, according to appoint- 
 ment, for an answer, and received one, of which a copy is en- 
 closed, at the council table; and this also being the day for 
 electing a new mayor, Griffith Jones is c^iosen, and was pre- 
 sented to the governor to be qualified according to charter : 
 they have also received Joshua Carpenter again into their cor- 
 poration, who was the first alderman nominated by thee in the 
 charter; but, for avow or oath^ he had made never to serve 
 under thee again, declined acting, yet now has, it seems, been 
 prevailed upon. He is a great enemy to the militia, and to pay- 
 ing thy tax ; I know not whether that may be any part of his 
 merit. He is of himself really a good man, and they say this 
 change in him arises from an abhorrence he has conceived of 
 his former great friend, John Moore, and his practices upon his 
 succession to the collector's place, who has given a general dis- 
 gust in his new office by his great rigor, though the merchants, 
 for fear of falling under the lash, keep in some measure in with 
 him. 
 
 The presentment of thy son to the mayor's court by the grand 
 jury has given so great an offence to others, besides himself, 
 that several have shown their resentment against it as a great 
 barbarity, and some, taking advantage from hence, have in the 
 night-time committed some disorders in the streets, in which 
 hirnself, I think, has been no ways concerned ; complaints have 
 been made of this, and indeed the remonstrance is in some 
 measure grounded upon it. To prevent all occasions from hence, 
 therefore, and to show that it has been by no manner of en- 
 couragement from the government, 'tis ordered in council 
 that a proclamation be forthwith issued for suppressing of vice, 
 &c., of which one, I suppose, may be ready to come by the man- 
 of-war. 
 
 ' Joshua Carpenter was brother to Samuel, but not of the same reli- 
 gious profession. — L.
 
 1704.] CORRESPONDENCE. 323 
 
 David Lloyd being recorder of the city, and likely, in all 
 probability, to be speaker also of the next assembly, from his 
 temper so well known there seems but little good to be expected. 
 The generality, however, are honestly and well inclined, and 
 out of assembly are very good men ; but when got together, I 
 know not how they are infatuated and led by smooth stories. 
 David himself makes as great professions as any man, but we 
 can see no good effects of it. He admires Judge Mompesson, 
 who, on the other hand, thinks him and the generality of his 
 
 adherents, to be little better than a pack of ungrateful k s, 
 
 as I suppose thou wilt find by his writing, and seems of opinion 
 that thou wilt be much in the wrong to thyself if thou slips the 
 opportunity of advantage through any regard to them. 
 
 Upon the whole, as to myself, I am lost in a wilderness at the 
 thoughts of it, and know not how to express my sentiments. 
 The part thou hast hitherto had to manage in the world will not 
 suffer thee with any honor utterly to desert this people ; and on 
 the other side I cannot see why thou should neglect thy just in- 
 terest, while no more gratitude is shown thee. Were one man 
 from amongst us we might perhaps be happy ; but he is truly a 
 promoter of discord, but with more bitterness, with the deepest 
 artifice under the smoothest language and pretences, yet cannot 
 sometimes conceal his resentment of thy taking, as he calls 
 it, his bread from him ; this expression he has several times 
 dropped, overlooking his politics through the heat of his indig- 
 nation. I cannot but pity the poor misled people, who really 
 design honestly, but know not whom to trust for their directors; 
 they are so often told that things want to be mended, that at 
 length they are persuaded it is the case, and not knowing how 
 to do it themselves, believe those who can discover the disease 
 are the most capable to direct the proper remedies ; how ends 
 may be gained thus is easy to imagine. I have a tenderness in 
 my own thoughts for the people, but cannot but abhor the ap- 
 pearance of baseness ; I believe in the whole assembly there are 
 not three men that wish ill to thee, and yet I can expect but 
 little good from them. Thy friends in the council are disabled 
 from serving thee with the country by their being so, for they 
 are looked on as ill here as the Court party at home, by those
 
 324 PENN AND LOGAN [1704. 
 
 that some reckoned the honest men of the country. I am sorry 
 we have lost, this election, two or three good men that were in 
 the last, as Samuel Richardson and Nicholas Wain, who is now 
 pretty right, but especially my late landlord, Isaac Norris, who 
 was the chief man of sound sense and probity amongst them, 
 
 and the greatest clog in their way I was never under a 
 
 greater depression of thought than for these few months past. 
 Thy estate here daily sinking by the country's impoverishing, 
 with thy exigencies increasing, suffer me not to know what any 
 of the comforts of life are, and this business of Wm. Aubrey's 
 is a heavy addition. I write this to thyself, and cannot forbear 
 saying he seems to me one of the keenest men living, but be- 
 lieve I write no news. This intolerable interest weighs heavy, 
 and yet we are furnished with no means to ease it : what is 
 hitherto due I hope to clear this winter, but we have no power 
 to make any manner of title, either to lot or lands, till new 
 writings are received ; they are both already confirmed by patent, 
 and by the recital of these patents must be made over to the 
 trustees, and then a firm letter of attorney given by them, wit- 
 nessed according to our law by persons that can be present here 
 to prove it, otherwise no title can be made. I have ^^"500 of this 
 money of theirs at interest, which I hope to receive in by some 
 means or other against the spring, and there was more than 
 ;^30O of that estate made use of, the first year after thy depart- 
 ure, when I straitened so much to make returns, and hoped in 
 a little time after to be able to repay it, from the sales of land 
 we had made, not fearing then so great a disappointment in 
 business, nor knowing anything of Letitia's marriage — of this 
 ^200 went to pay part of Solomon Warder's bill of ^^450 — but 
 I now dearly repent it, though what I did was of necessity. I 
 shall use my utmost endeavors to keep touch with William 
 Aubrey and clear off all in my hands, or rather what I have dis- 
 posed of, for in my hands I have nothing. And must also, upon 
 the clause in the letter of attorney to Richard Hill and Reese 
 Thomas, where thou gives them power to sue me for that interest 
 money, take leave to assure thee that ever since six months after 
 thy departure thou hast never been less than ^100 in my debt 
 upon a fair account, besides that I have several times given my
 
 1704.] CORRESPONDENCE. 325 
 
 own bonds to answer engagements in thy affairs, and have never 
 since had ;^20 of my own by me, nor can at this time, with any- 
 thing of my own that I have kept in my hands, pay for a suit of 
 clothes when I want them. I have ventured, it is true, some 
 small matters of wheat, bread, and flour, &c., to sea on my own 
 account ; yet when returns have been made for it, they have 
 been melted down always with the rest to answer thy occasions. 
 Money is so scarce that many good farmers now scarce ever see 
 a piece of eight of their own throughout the whole year; what 
 there is, as I have often said, is in town, and, therefore, neither 
 rents nor other pay can be had in money, and wheat for two 
 years past has been worth very little. The pay for the land sold 
 near New Castle now becomes due, and is above ;^3,C)00, but I 
 have not yet received ^^^200, and that too in bread and flour, nor 
 will ever one-half of it be paid, unless times much mend, thy 
 land, as in many other places, will be thrown, on our hands 
 again. The business of Susquehanna is much the same. I wish 
 thou could be here thyself, for I cannot bear up under all these 
 hardships : they break my rest, and I doubt will sink me at last; 
 there is none that puts in a proportionable hand to help to ease ; 
 and I am sure, however, I may be blamed for want of bdtter 
 success. I have been so true to thee, that I am not just to my- 
 self, and had I now a family, it would appear that there has 
 scarce been a greater knave in America to another's affairs than 
 I have been to my own : but at this distance these things will 
 scarce be believed; I want therefore thyself here. The Queen's 
 proclamation for altering the money is just come over, but will 
 answer no one good end that I know of, it is so very much con- 
 fused and perplexing. I design a copy of this by the man-of- 
 war, and the exemplifications of those patents I mentioned, if I 
 cannot now get them ready. I have been desirous that this vessel 
 should go in company of the frigate for convoy, but the master 
 and the other owners are very unwilling, believing she would be 
 served as the Industry was before, when left as soon as at sea, 
 after two months waiting at York for Capt. Catterval. I hope, 
 whatever becomes of her, insurance is made, and that will be 
 some recompense should she miscarry. I have put on board of 
 her for thy use a hogshead of very good Madeira wine, charged
 
 326 PENN AND LOGAN [1704. 
 
 at ;{^24 per pipe, but the cask being six gallons overgaged comes 
 to ^14 with the cask and charges 
 
 Poor Susanna Reading having been long in a miserable con- 
 dition here, and very desirous to return to her relations, I have 
 procured her a passage in the vessel, for which I must answer 
 £12, and she has given me her note for ^8 sterling, enclosed, 
 payable to John Askew; if thou thinkest to take the money, thou 
 may deliver the bill to him, and she will endeavor to get it of 
 her friends there ; her husband pays ;^8 sterling besides ; hers 
 is for herself and child, or if thou please to give only thy own 
 part, the -rest will be ^5 13s. 4d. I could not beg her passage 
 of the rest, otherwise should have charged nothing. 
 
 Mr. William last night sold his manor on Schuylkill for;^850 
 to William Trent and Isaac Norris ; they were unwilling to 
 touch with it, but he was resolved to sell and they careless of 
 buying, for without a great prospect none will meddle now with 
 land unless under a necessity. 
 
 To-day, Griffith Jones, the new mayor, treats the governor 
 and council. Thy son will be there: he is like to leave us in 
 some anger; my utmost study shall be to keep things calm and 
 easy till thou hast time to do for thyself, which I wish were 
 speedy, still not forgetting the honest among this people, as thy 
 own honor. The last proclamation about Story was very sea- 
 sonable on the governor's account, to exempt him from blame 
 with the ministry : he, by that, having prevented Quary's com- 
 plaint, in answer to three several letters, he says, from the Lords 
 of Trade, on that subject, which he was ready to send over, of 
 its not being observed ; but had I been in his place I should 
 have done my utmost to have prevented it. I cannot add but 
 that I am, with due respects to thyself and the family, thy 
 faithful and obedient servant, J. Logan. 
 
 8^r. 6t/i, 1704.
 
 1704.] correspondence. 327 
 
 David Lloyd to G. W., &c. 
 A Letter accompanying the " Remonstrance!' 
 
 Philadelphia, 2)^^l>r., 1704. 
 
 Honored Friends G. W., W. M., T. L. :^ — This comes along 
 with a representation or remonstrance^ from the General Assem- 
 bly of this province to William Penn, and I am requested, in 
 behalf of the inhabitants here, to entreat that you would lay 
 these things before him, and get such relief therein as may be 
 obtained from him, and if you find him still remiss in perform- 
 ing his promises or engagements towards us, or making terms 
 for himself, as he calls it, we desire you will be pleased by 
 such Christian measures as you shall see meet, to oblige him to 
 do the people justice in those things [in] which this representa- 
 tion shows he has been deficient. 
 
 Here also is inclosed a copy of a bill, which this last assem- 
 bly prepared to be passed into a law, that the affirmation should 
 pass, instead of an oath : be pleased to consider the reason and 
 necessity of our having such a law, and solicit the Queen about 
 it, for we cannot find that William Penn has done an}'thing for 
 our relief in that particular; but his deputy here has given forth 
 a proclamation to declare the proceedings of our courts null and 
 void in all causes where the procedure is without oath, though 
 the affirmation is looked upon by the generality of the people 
 who are not of our persuasion to be as binding as an oath. This 
 proclamation, as also another proclamation for raising a militia, 
 are pretended to be made to recommend Wm. Penn's adminis- 
 tration to the favorable notice of the Queen ; but to our sorrow 
 we find they prove screens to the most abominable wickedness, 
 as well as to weaken the hands of Friends in the suppressing 
 vice and debauchery, and not only so, but the said proclama- 
 tions, especially the last about oaths, leaves a door open for the 
 greatest malefactors to escape unpunished, and shuts out Friends 
 from being magistrates, and by consequence lets in the vilest of 
 men to the administration of justice. We desire your utmost 
 
 ' George Whitehead, William Meade, and Thomas Lawrie probably. 
 — L. 
 
 ' [This is not copied by Mrs. Logan, nor do we know of its existence. 
 The heads of it are given in ist vol. Votes of Assembly. — Editor.]
 
 328 PENN AND LOGAN [1704. 
 
 assistance in this thing. Here are also inclosed duplicates of 
 our addresses to the Queen. They have been sent several ways. 
 I hope some will come to hand. 
 
 Our assembly have agreed to raise ;i^iOO this year, and I pre- 
 sume will, at their next meeting, make it an annual fund to 
 defray the charge of a correspondence which they desire to have 
 settled for negotiating the affairs of the province, for you now 
 see how we have been abused trusting to William Penn. 
 
 We have sent an address to him, along with those to the 
 Queen, dated in the 3d-m.o. last, since which we found that he 
 had not got our laws approved of by the Queen, nor obtained 
 any relief for us, against the inconveniency we labored under 
 by reason of her late order about oaths, which we expected 
 from him, and also we have had reason, since that address, to 
 change our opinion of his deputy, who has much altered his 
 measures in government, from what he then, and all along be- 
 fore that time, gave us assurance of The tokens we had of his 
 closing with our enemies, and plain demonstration of his master, 
 William Penn's, neglect towards us, before the assembly ended, 
 moved us to deal thus plainly with William Penn, and if he 
 shall endeavor to make representation, inconsistent with the 
 address, I hope you will consider that the representation is 
 three months after the address, in which time observing all pas- 
 sages that occurred to our notice, we found sufficient cause to 
 alter our opinion, and fall upon these measures, and the address 
 being signed three months before the representation, by order 
 of the house, it could not be recalled, else I believe it would. 
 
 Friends, it's the public cries for your assistance, which I hope 
 will excuse me, who am unknown to you, thus far to trouble 
 you. I suppose you will have a more ample account by others 
 of the condition this poor prorvince is brought to by the late 
 revels and disorders which young William Penn and his gang 
 of loose fellows he accompanies with are found in, to the great 
 grief of Friends and others in this place. If there were an able 
 counsellor at law that were a person of sobriety and modera- 
 tion, but not in William Penn's interest, commissioned by the 
 Queen to be judge of the province and lower counties, as also 
 of the Jerseys, which they, as well as we, extremely want, and
 
 1704.] CORRESPONDENCE. 329 
 
 are also willing to support, I doubt not but his place may be 
 worth 4 or 500 per annum, besides fees and perquisites, and the 
 business of their provinces may be easily performed by one 
 chief judge, with certain associates which the respective counties, 
 as he goes his circuit, will supply. I desire you may use your 
 endeavors to get such a man. Here was one Roger Mompes- 
 son, who we thought to engage in that affair, but he being 
 judge of the admiralty, and chief judge of the supreme court at 
 New York, he could not stay here. Besides, he was too much 
 in William Penn's interest, and given to drink, so that he did 
 not suit this place so well. This, with unfeigned love, is all at 
 present from Your friend to serve you in what I can, 
 
 David Lloyd. 
 
 [An old paper, in James Logan's handwriting, which appears 
 to be in justification of himself, gives the following account of 
 the rise of this remonstrance, and of David Lloyd's extraordi- 
 nary conduct respecting it, as follows. — L.] 
 
 But when Governor Evans came in, and the assembly elected 
 before his arrival, of which David Lloyd had been chosen speaker, 
 was to act as a house, then was a proper scene presented, and 
 accordingly he acquitted himself After some endeavors for a 
 reunion of the province and territories, one of the first things 
 proposed to that house were the Queen's commands for our con- 
 tingent to New York, with which the assembly thought not fit 
 to comply, and accordingly answered, but in very becoming 
 language. The governor was so unfortunate as not to think 
 that answer sufficient, but pressed the house further to consider 
 those commands ; upon which the speaker, in a large written 
 message, which was read to the house, showed his resent- 
 ments, and, in answer to a message on which I was sent to the 
 house, taxed the governor of mistaking himself in offering to 
 contradict the mind (as he called it) of the assembly, and which 
 laid a foundation for the first misunderstanding with that gov- 
 ernor. The same afternoon, as I remember, in answer to an- 
 other message, on which I was also sent, he told me abruptly
 
 330 PENN AND LOGAN [1704. 
 
 that the house had other matters under consideration : they 
 were considering, he said, whether they could own the govern- 
 or's commission, or act in conjunction with him ; an answer not 
 the most proper, any discreet man would think, to be sent to 
 the governor within a very few days of their meeting, to a 
 message quite foreign to any such debate : I say, had it been 
 true the house were on such a debate, such an answer to a very 
 friendly message must be accounted angry and indiscreet; but 
 it happened there was no such debate, nothing like it, under 
 the house's consideration ; of which a member, then rising up, 
 thought fit to take notice of in my presence, and desired that I 
 might not carry this answer to the governor, the speaker having 
 no authority from the house to give it. What debates this 
 might afterwards occasion in the assembly after my departure, 
 I know not ; but from that time I knew a party was made to 
 quarrel with the governor's commission till, after tedious dis- 
 putes, the council allayed those contentions ; and from thence 
 were occasions taken to discourse of everything from the first 
 foundation of this government that would admit of any turn to 
 the proprietor's disadvantage ; but the principal was that, in his 
 commission to Governor Evans, drawn, as 'tis supposed, in haste, 
 by a copy in the proprietor's own hand, by him, of that to Gov. 
 Hamilton, which last-mentioned was prepared and finished be- 
 fore the charter of privileges was in being, there was one or two 
 clauses which seemed not consistent with that charter. Upon 
 this, with some other heads then resolved on, it was concluded, 
 just at the close of that session in the month of August, that a 
 representation should be drawn up to the proprietor. The heads 
 were put in writing, and read in haste in the house as it was about 
 breaking up ; and in the same haste it was ordered that about 
 eight members then nominated should be a committee for that 
 purpose, of which members, some being known to have a due 
 regard to the proprietor in his station, and very fit to be em- 
 ployed in such an affair, the rest of the house acquiesced in it. 
 But this order, as it was then drawn up in the house, would not, 
 it seems, come up to the end that David Lloyd resolved to em- 
 ploy it : he therefore new-vamped it, and added the minute in 
 his own hand what he thought fit, as afterwards fully appeared
 
 1704.1 CORRESPONDENCE. 33I 
 
 upon view to those whom it concerned to inquire into it ; of all 
 which, here alleged by me, there are now those in this place, 
 of unblemished credit and undoubted veracity, who were wit- 
 nesses, not only in the house, but some of them afterwards 
 viewed the interpolated minute. Under pretence of this order, 
 David Lloyd prepared a most virulent, unmannerly invective 
 against the proprietor, dressing whatever had been mentioned 
 in the minute by the house in rude and most affrontive language, 
 and foisting in other matters that he had no shadow of pre- 
 tence for ; nor did he ever, as far as could be learned by inquiry, 
 confer with or consult upon it with any one of the persons ap- 
 pointed but Griffith Jones and Jos. Wilcox, whom he knew to 
 be the readiest to countenance the design. After the year that 
 house could sit was expired, and the assembly of course dis- 
 solved, and a new election made, and he no longer speaker, viz., 
 on the 2d or 3d of October, he brought it finished and fair 
 drawn, under the title of " A Remonstrance," but not yet signed 
 by him, to some of the rest; but he having [drawn it?] without 
 consulting them, and the assembly being of course dissolved, 
 they refused to be concerned in it. 
 
 Thus the monstrous invective drawn by David Lloyd, or at 
 best with J. W.'s and G. J.'s assistance, though the former has 
 denied it, instead of a letter to be prepared by the persons ap- 
 pointed, and without further approbation, he had the temerity to 
 sign as speaker, and in the name of all the freemen of Pennsyl- 
 vania, abusing their proprietor and chief governor, not only with 
 gross falsehoods, but in the most unmannerly terms that could be 
 used on such an occasion ; and not being content to send it thus 
 to the proprietor himself, he inclosed it to two persons known 
 to be the most disaffected to the proprietor of any of their pro- 
 fession in England, joining with them G. W., from whom alsft, 
 it seems, he had some hopes ; and with it sends them a letter, in 
 the same dialect, in relation to the proprietor, of which I here- 
 with publish [furnish?] a copy, and soon shall have further oc- 
 casion to speak. 
 
 The next assembly, hearing of this remonstrance, required an 
 account of it, had it read in the house, condemned it forthwith, 
 and ordered David Lloyd to write a letter to its bearer, who had
 
 332 PENN AND LOGAN [J704- 
 
 put into New York, requiring him to send it back. Whether 
 this letter was delivered or not, I cannot say, but 't is cer- 
 tain he wrote to Robert Barber, who was the bearer of another 
 letter, in which he charged him, notwithstanding any orders 
 he might receive from any person whatsoever, to keep the pack- 
 ets he had committed to him, and deliver them in England as 
 directed ; but the man being taken into France in his passage 
 home, he lost them all ; and a friend of the proprietor's, hap- 
 pening to be a fellow-prisoner in the same place, meeting with 
 them after they had been opened by the enemy, carefully picked 
 them up, and got leave to carry them with him to England ; so 
 that all the letters David Lloyd had wrote relating to this affair, 
 were delivered into the proprietor's own hands. 
 
 After this miscarriage, and after the house had disowned this 
 remonstrance and ordered it thus to be recalled, one might rea- 
 sonably conclude a full period might be put to that forever ; but 
 David Lloyd would not thus be defeated in his design : he again 
 sends a duplicate of it to the same hands, to be used for the 
 same purpose to which the first was intended ; but finding him- 
 self, as it appears, unable, notwithstanding he has had some tol- 
 erable opportunities for it since, to procure this supposititious 
 remonstrance to be made the legitimate act of the assembly, he 
 resolved, though surreptitiously, to get it adopted. He accord- 
 ingly, some time after, found a new assembly that were free 
 enough in finding faults, and telling not only the proprietor of 
 them, but those other persons also that I have mentioned. To 
 these persons was a copy of a new remonstrance sent, which 
 was designed for the proprietor ; and this was really the act of 
 the house ; and in this, coraplaining of grievances in general 
 terms, David craftily adds in the margin, by a note of reference 
 wrote in his own hand, " See the remonstrance of the assembly in 
 1704; " such mean and ungenerous shifts will the bitterness of 
 some tempers oblige them to submit to ; and he has skill enough 
 himself in the law to know that such practices as fixing on the 
 whole body of the people the overflowing of his gall, the send- 
 ing in their name, but without their approbation or knowledge, 
 and engaging them in a kind of war with their rightful governor, 
 and contradicting their orders sent by his own hand for recall-
 
 1704.] CORRESPONDENCE. 333 
 
 ing that remonstrance, would, in some of the Queen's domin- 
 ions, were the same to be acted there, be atoned for by a pun- 
 ishment too gross to be named here. 
 
 To make any observation on this relation is almost unneces- 
 sary; his baseness to the proprietor in the whole, his treachery 
 to the assembly and great abuse of his trust, so clearly appear 
 as scarce to admit of any aggravation ; nor is there occasion to 
 say more of his letter to G. W., W. M., and T. L., than barely 
 to expose it; his undertaking to write of affairs so nearly con- 
 cerning the public to strangers, to whom this province stands in 
 no relation, pitched on principally because two of them were 
 known to be the proprietor's adversaries; his great misrepre- 
 sentations, particularly in what he says of the governor's proc- 
 lamation about oaths ; his representing that, as Friends are shut 
 out, by consequence the vilest of men [are] let into the adminis- 
 tration,; his undertaking to give ;^I00 a year of the public money 
 for an annual pension to these men without any authority for it ; 
 his invalidating the assembly's former address, full of respect 
 and kindness to the proprietor, and pretending to account for 
 the inconsistency of their genuine address and his adulterate 
 remonstrance by the idlest excuses ; his encouragement, with- 
 out authority, to those strangers to us, to obtain a chief justice 
 with the Queen's commission, whilst the government is in the 
 hands of the proprietor, and thereby to violate the royal charter, 
 on which the whole constitution of this government depends ; 
 his making it an objection against a magistrate in this province, 
 that he is in the proprietor's interest, by which he plainly shows 
 that he at least would have none employed that are so ; his 
 falsehood and treachery to Judge Mompesson, for whom he pro- 
 fessed the highest respect, and deeply engaged to serve him, by 
 procuring, if possible, a salary from the assembly ; and, to give 
 one lively instance more of his enmity to the proprietor, I must 
 add that, when most men of conscience or honor, of all persua- 
 sions, were moved with a generous horror at the unparalleled 
 abuses, cheats, and impositions put upon William Penn by Philip 
 Ford, his steward and agent, in whom he had confided to the 
 greatest extent when this province was by their means in 
 danger of being thrown into very deep confusion in matters of
 
 334 TENN AND LOGAN [l704- 
 
 property and lands; notwithstanding, David Lloyd found it 
 necessary for him to seem to condole the great unhappiness 
 here, and to several expressed himself desirous to rescue the 
 province out of the oppressor's hands ; yet how in reality he 
 stood affected, what were his true inclinations, and how eager 
 he was that that family should obtain their unjust ends, will also 
 evidently appear by the copies of other letters which he wrote 
 to Philip Ford about that affair, which are also hereunto an- 
 nexed. There are also many other demonstrations of the 
 deep-rooted aversion he bears to the proprietor (to whom not- 
 withstanding he is under the duty of obedience by the king's 
 royal charter) which I could easily produce ; but if these I have 
 given, with the constant strain of disrespect expressed in almost 
 all the papers which of late years he has drawn, are not abun- 
 dantly sufficient to prove him possessed of the malignity I have 
 taxed him with, I confess I have hitherto grossly erred in my 
 opinion. And if I think myself obliged to oppose any of his 
 attempts against that just and honest interest in which I am 
 engaged, I hope that, instead of incurring the censure, I shall 
 gain the approbation of all men of honor who know how to 
 value fidelity and a hearty endeavor honestly to discharge a 
 trust. The satisfaction and confidence I have always had in 
 this, long has rendered me more easy than some thought fit, and 
 it is not without reluctancy I now find myself obliged to appear. 
 What I have here alleged I shall be glad to have an opportu- 
 nity of proving, and at the same time no less pleased to be 
 heard upon any charge that either the assembly or any others 
 have to bring against me. J. L. 
 
 [There is no date to this paper, but it appears to have been 
 addressed to Governor Gookin. Surely, when this history of 
 the remonstrance of 1704 is known, it must cease to be con- 
 sidered as the complaint of the freemen of Pennsylvania against 
 William Penn. — L.]
 
 1704.] CORRESPONDENCE. 335 
 
 H-ANNAH PeNN to JaMKS LoGAN.^ 
 
 Bristol, 5M ^th-mo., 1704. 
 Esteemed Friend: — As I often thought of thy silence to be 
 long ere thy letter came to my hand, so thou may reasonably 
 think I have been long in answering it; but 'tis not too late 
 now to say I took it very kindly, and was well pleased with the 
 particular account thou sent of my acquaintance there, for many 
 of whom I have a real value, and am glad of all opportunities 
 in which I can hear of their increase and welfare. I should 
 have rejoiced with thee in thy happiness, if thy endeavors on 
 the hill had proved successful ; but as I always feared the end, 
 so I am glad to find thou hast been enabled to bear the disap- 
 pointment so well, hoping thou wilt gain some advantage, which 
 affliction, at long run, often brings us ; and if Providence make 
 way for your greater union, I shall be pleased to hear of it. 
 This comes by Samuel Hollester, a kinsman's son, whom thou 
 well knows has served his time with Arthur Thomas ; but his 
 indifference to his trade, his small stock, and dulness of the 
 times, discouraged his following that, and encouraged his incli- 
 nation to travel. I know not what he can or will come to, but 
 if it lie in thy way to advise him for his advantage, without 
 being burdensome or troublesome to thee, I shall take it kindly. 
 I am very glad our son likes the country so well, and has his 
 health so well there. 'Tis in vain to wish, or it should be, that 
 he had seen that country sooner, (or his father not so soon.) I 
 heartily desire his welfare, and, if there, give him the remem- 
 brance of my dear soul. With this comes a letter from his wife; 
 so that I need say the less of her, only that herself and the three 
 pretty children are all very well, for aught I hear, as through 
 the Lord's mercy my three also are, and myself as well as 
 my circumstances will admit; but my family increases apace, 
 which I account a mercy, and yet it sometimes makes me 
 thoughtful, when I look forward. I desire not greatness for any 
 of them, and am well satisfied in their father's kind intention 
 toward them. What I have to desire of thee is, to follow his 
 
 ^ [The original is incomplete. — Editor.]
 
 33'^ PENN AND LOGAN [1704. 
 
 orders, and show thy regards to me and mine by a firm and 
 speedy establishment thereof. My father has had but small 
 encouragement to buy more land there, but by my husband's 
 advice has that of Margaret Martindale, in which I hope thou 
 wilt act for the best advantage of him and his. In some late or 
 past letter I perceive thou accounts I brought over for him 
 iJ"40; but that's a mistake. I blame not thy memory, knowing 
 't was but too much incumbered at that time, or thou might 
 remember I told thee that all I received op his account I laid 
 out there on housekeeping or debts, except ;i^20 that money, 
 which only must be set to his account as paid, unless thou have 
 returned any since. I think I did receive, or thou, £2^) more of 
 T. Pascalls or Roberts, which pray give him credit for; and 
 please to let me hear what market the workhouse stuffs came to 
 that I left in thine or M. Shocker's hands, that was his also. He 
 writes to thee by this opportunity, as has my husband, who is 
 now in London, and through the Lord's goodness enjoys his 
 health pretty well, through his various fatigues and exercises, 
 and often hopes to see Pennsylvania once more ; but the ex- 
 treme trouble of the sea does a little discourage me as yet. I 
 have lengthened this letter beyond what I at first intended ; 
 shall not much more, only to tell thee that our friend Wm. 
 Smith is lately dead, has left a good estate ; but what good uses 
 his son Jos. will put it to is very doubtful. Poor Hester retains 
 her integrity, has three fine children, one son and two daugh- 
 ters ; her sister Betty one girl, and lives happily ; the two elder 
 brothers apparently hurt by their father's death. Richard has been 
 long out of business ; is at last gone partner with a young man 
 in London, and gives some small hopes to his friends ; but Robert 
 is run out of all, the very professions of his honest father, hav- 
 ing bound himself in profession and ceremony to the Church of 
 England, and 'tis believed will marry with one of Sir Wm. 
 Cairn's daughters. Wm. Mead's son has done the like, and too 
 many of more inferior ranks followed their example or led the 
 way; but I '11 say no more of that now. Thy and our acquaint- 
 ance here are generally living and well. Thos. Speed died 
 some time since, and 'tis thought his widow will marry with 
 Isaac Hemends. Philip Higginbotham, of Bedminster, buried
 
 1704.] CORRESPONDENCE. 337 
 
 his old wife about a year, and is now like to marry with young 
 Dorcas. I refer thee to the bearer for a further account of them, 
 by whom I send thee two pair of good worsted hose, for a token. 
 'T is a small one ; but as returns and times are, I am forced to 
 be more backward to my friends than I otherwise incline to. I 
 say this to excuse the smallness of my present, not to reflect on 
 thy conduct, for I am ^ 
 
 and to other our true friends, as if named, which, with the same 
 to thyself, and hearty well-wishes for thy present comfort and 
 future happiness, I conclude, and am 
 
 Thy assured and faithful friend, H. P. 
 
 Isaac Norris to William Penn. 
 [^^xfracf."] Philadelphia, nth ?>br., 1704. 
 
 Honored Friend: — I have thine of Xbr. last per thy son; 
 thy kind remembrance of me and mine I take very gratefully, 
 and lay up thy letters as a treasure of favors. To hear of the 
 addition to thy family was very acceptable. I pray God to 
 bless them to thee 
 
 This comes by thy son. His return is somewhat sudden, but I 
 suppose the unexpected opportunity by the Jersey hastens it ; 
 and I wish that were all. He for some little time at his fir.st 
 coming, till better conveniences could be got, took up with the 
 entertainment my house could give, which his good nature 
 always made the best of This gave me the favor of his com- 
 pany, and sometimes, as thou requested, to be abroad with him, 
 and I find thy character exact. I love him heartily, and sin- 
 cerely wish his present and eternal welfare. 
 
 Thou wilt, no doubt, have fully all transactions since his and 
 the governor's arrival. Some things seem to jar; but this being 
 out of my province, I shall only take up the commonplace of 
 our opinionated Judge Guest, and wish " the due mean be ob- 
 
 * [Torn. — Editor.] 
 VOL. I. — 23
 
 338 PENN AND LOGAN [l704- 
 
 served between arbitrary power and licentious popularity, as it 
 ought to be in a well-tempered authority." 
 
 James Logan to William Penn. 
 
 Philadelphia, 21th Zth-mo., 1704. 
 Honored Governor: — Being yesterday returned from New 
 York, I was surprised to hear of a letter, sent from hence to 
 England, directed to thee, signed by David Lloyd, speaker of 
 the assembly, and in the name of the whole house. I heard 
 the governor first mention it, but the following account is what 
 I had from Isaac Norris, with whom alone of that assembly I 
 have had an opportunity as yet to discourse. At the breaking 
 up of last assembly, when the country members were eager to 
 be gone home, it was concluded by the house,, and a minute 
 made of it, that there should be an address drawn up to thee, 
 upon some heads then agreed on,^ and because the whole house 
 could not attend to it, it was committed to David Lloyd, Joseph 
 Wilcox, Isaac Norris, Joseph Wood, Griffith Jones, Anthony 
 Morris, William Biles, and Samuel Richardson ; but they never 
 meeting about it, Jos. Wilcox, as Isaac thinl^s, drew it. up, stuff- 
 ing it with all the most scurrilous and scandalous reflections, 
 and running upon a great many particulars, not before thought 
 of, or once touched at, by the assembly. David Lloyd con- 
 tributed his assistance. Griffith Jones and Joseph Wood were 
 privy to it, and agreed to what was done; and besides those, 
 not one person ever saw it, that could be heard of upon enquiry, 
 except Samuel Richardson, who upon a cursory view declared 
 his dislike of it. When they had finished, David, without fur- 
 ther communicating it to the persons concerned, signed it as 
 speaker of the house, after the ist of October, when the assem- 
 bly by charter is dissolved, and therefore he no speaker at. all. 
 To warrant this his signing it, he produces an order for it in the 
 minutes ; but that proves to be an interlineation in David's own 
 
 ^ [See I Votes of Assembly, part 2d, p. 17, minutes of 26th 6th-mo., 
 1704. — Editor.]
 
 I704-] CORRESPONDENCE. 339 
 
 hand, and in a different ink, inserted between the close of the 
 paragraph and the adjournment. The letter runs as if from the 
 body of Friends, and even talks of money given thee by Friends 
 for thy assistance, when the authors of it, and those who are to 
 represent this body, are those four I have mentioned, viz., David 
 Lloyd, whom, scarce any man of sense believes to have an\' 
 religion or principles but that of his interest and revenge; Griffith 
 Jones, whose reputation has been very scandalous, was rejected 
 by Friends, and is not yet received; J. Wilcox, who has long 
 entirely separated, and Joseph Wood, who is professedly of the 
 Church of England; and that it may do the more execution, it 
 is not only sent to thyself, but directed to such of London as 
 they understood to be the most disaffected to thee, as Wm. 
 Mead, &c., to be made use of as they shall see occasion: a 
 piece of the most unparalleled villany, and that needs no ob- 
 servation or remark to aggravate it. The letter, or letters, were 
 delivered to Robert Barber, who went from hence in the brigan- 
 
 tine , J. Guy^ master, to New York ; but not' liking the vessel, 
 
 he talked of returning home again, and not proceeding the 
 voyage; which, if he does, 'tis possible he may bring back the 
 letters, having had a strict charge to deliver them with his own 
 hand. But if they should arrive, and come into any other hands 
 than thy own, please to give them a copy of this, and I will 
 stand by it here upon the spot, if they think fit to transmit it. 
 I wish I could have more time ; but the post goes to-day, and 
 this will certainly be the last opportunity of writing by this 
 vessel. The generality of the assembly who are acquainted 
 with it are much disturbed at it, but know not what course to 
 take, he has such a faculty of leading them out of their depth, 
 and his accomplices in the house drown all others with their' 
 noise. Isaac Norris, two days ago, went to David, with five or 
 six more who were members of that assembly, and being vcrj- 
 sharp upon him for abusing them so, he told Isaac he is now 
 but a private man, and was not concerned in it, for he is left 
 out last election. 
 
 The present assembly, after thirteen days sitting, yesterday 
 presented another bill for confirming and explaining the charter 
 of privileges, containing all that was in the former prepared for
 
 340 PENN AND LOGAN [1704. 
 
 that purpose, with several large additions about elections. It is 
 believed they will scarce do anything but draw addresses and 
 remonstrances, unless the leading members should commit 
 something against the rest so grqss that their eyes should be 
 forcibly opened. 
 
 So that if thou canst bear to support all the heavy charges of 
 government, both there and here, without any consideration, 
 and suffer wounds from such base, ungrateful men to be repeated 
 against thee, without easing thyself if in thy power, it will ap- 
 pear a patience something above human. 
 
 Thy friends are deeply grieved at these proceedings, and sym- 
 pathize with thee ; nay, more, Jos. Growdon declares his abhor- 
 rence of them, and their proceedings so far against thee. He, 
 however, that has always stood by thee, I hope will support thee 
 over it all, for his own glory, and thy happiness, which is most 
 heartily desired by thy Most dutiful servant, James Logan. 
 
 P. S. — Captain Gregory is just now dead; I have inclosed 
 another Act of Maryland, almost as unreasonable as the letter. 
 Indorsed: " By the Jersey (man-of-war.) (Private.") 
 
 William Penn to James Logan. 
 
 Bristol, 2d gbr., 1704. 
 
 This is my third by the Biddeford vessel, two by the hand of 
 Edward Lane, old William Lane's son, and this by Samuel 
 HolHster, that, being out of his time with Ar. Thomas, will see 
 what can be done in Pennsylvania for a livelihood, of whom I 
 writ in my last and lesser packet. 
 
 I have before me two of thy letters that touch some things 
 as closely, though one of the 3d 2d-mo., and the other 29th 
 3d-mo. ; not but that I have touched already in some of my 
 former letters to thee. But first I will hint at some things I 
 am earnest in, and desire thy notice and dispatch in : 
 
 Rents and Debts. — If thou canst not get silver .... by 
 the Madeiras directly hither, as well as by Barbadoes with Ma- 
 deira wines, send as fast as thou canst turn our cheap corn, 
 flour, and bread into wine, and some wine into sugar, home for
 
 1704.] CORRESPONDENCE. 34I 
 
 supply. And if it be not advisable to send wines hither directly, 
 the surest profit .... here then by the islands. And if that 
 be not worth the while, thentake good bonds at country interest, 
 both to secure the principal and interest, to answer interest, as 
 thou hintest in one of thine ; and, upon the arrival of this, lose no 
 time in getting such into bonds that make not good pay as above, 
 and especially about the supply and Susquehanna purchase. 
 
 Son. — If my son prove very expensive I cannot bear it, but 
 must place to his account what he spends above moderation, 
 while I lie loaded with debt and interest here, else I shall pay 
 dear for the advantage his going thither might entitle me to, 
 since the subscribers and bondsmen cannot make ready pay, 
 according to what he has received, and on his land there. So 
 excite his return, or to send for his family to him; for if he 
 brings not wherewith to pay his debts here, his creditors will 
 fall foul upon him most certainly. 
 
 Lands. — Remember the parcels of lands I wrote about to be 
 taken up in my father Callowhill's name, which I acknowledge 
 him to have bought of Richard Snead, Margaret Martindale, 
 Mary Elson, &c. Also pray inquire what has become of Rich- 
 ard Penn's 5,000 acres, and, if not disposed of, lay them out to 
 my behoof, as heir at law, in a good place, Baumont's 300 acres, 
 &c., in Jersey. 
 
 Son Aubrey's Affairs. — My father Callowhill having bought 
 out many that have lands there, and a purchase of ;^i,300 at 
 French pay, is not in cash to purchase my daughter's manor; 
 but if ;^500 would do, your money, and that with the lot on 
 the front, will make up the ^2,000 sterling, I know not what 
 some small time may do.^ But let me know the prospect you 
 have of the increase of our interests in those parts, now the 
 Spanish trade is open ; for I would not venture more upon that 
 country, and insecurity and no returns be the consequence. 
 ;^30 per annum here is worth more than a ;Cioo per year there, 
 so far from market, redress, safety, and liberty, if the govern- 
 ment be changed, and high church domineering. 
 
 In the mean time, both son and daughter clamor, she to quiet 
 
 ' [This passage is not clear as to its precise meaning. — Editor.]
 
 342 PENN AND LOGAN [1704. 
 
 him that is a scraping man, will count interest for a guinea, (this 
 only to thyself;) so that I would have you fill his attorney's 
 hands as full as thou canst. I know thou art able to calculate 
 what 's best for me and just to them, and there I leave it. The 
 Lord direct and preserve thee by the renewed baptizings of his 
 power, without which the best cannot hold out well to the end. 
 
 For the 15,000 acres, that is in my disposal; as to W. A., lam 
 obliged but to the 2,000, and if her lots and manors amount 
 not to so much, my son has engaged ^^40 [unintelligible] here to 
 make it good, only I have released to him another estate, in- 
 tended for her, of ;^3,000 value. 
 
 Charter and Laws. — I cannot imagine what charter thou 
 meanest. If that I refused to seal at New Castle, it 's a blank ; 
 if that I executed at Philadelphia, that the lower counties were 
 not included was not an omission or design of mine, and I hope 
 nobody's else ; and if our friends will not behave towardly, I 
 shall be constrained to break it; however, the Queen will, if I 
 resign. For the laws I want 50 guineas, if not 100, to get a 
 friendly or a favorable report about them ; nor will all be agreed 
 to thee for the greatest part; but to pass them with notification 
 of the Queen's authority will be most passable here. Consult 
 the king's charter to me in reference to that article or clause. 
 
 J. MoMPESSON and Col. Quary. — It was not by a new war- 
 rant, but a dormant one, at least a year before J. Mompesson's 
 commission, as Lord Clarendon told me, that Quary was made 
 or rather continued judge of the admiralty, and I suppose he 
 w^ill not hold it long, nor, may be, either of them, in that place ; 
 and if our people (I know on the favor or at the secret instiga- 
 tion of David Lloyd) will not lay hold of such an opportunity 
 as so worthy and noble a gentleman of the law puts into their 
 hands, by a due encouragement, they forever deserve to be 
 slighted of all men. They never needed to have feared New 
 England, or Virginia, or Maryland, or Westminster Hall itself, 
 had they made him theirs. His plainness, integrity, sobriety, 
 and judgment not easily paralleled here as well as in those parts. 
 
 James Coutts. — I think myself much obliged to him and his 
 adherents, and if a like charter can be there granted I consent 
 that they may be considered for their encouragement; and I dc-
 
 1704.] CORRESPONDENCE. 343 
 
 sire thee to communicate this to the best and wisest of tlie coun- 
 cil, and of the lower as well as upper counties, and that with 
 the first, which is the best answer I can give to their letter, 
 which I received from James's brother Thomas here. It came 
 to me in hand after our London ships were gone. I have already 
 writ by this opportunity to the lieutenant governor, whose let- 
 ters were delivered, and I said to Lord Clarendon what he desired 
 or could wish. His mother of late well, and uncle Evans, but now 
 in Cornhill upon his circuit of business. Let my son know all 
 his were well last week. Forget not a rent-roll by the very first. 
 pray ; I want it so long. It is more than a year thou writ of 
 sending of it, as I remember. 
 
 Quit-rents. — As I should lessen you to a moiety, what may 
 I expect they would raise ? To be sure they would give most 
 that pay you and make any shift to compass good pay, though, 
 perhaps, I may never part with them. 
 
 Of a Lieutenant Governor, this failing. — The Lords of 
 Trade have frankly promised me another, whom I should name 
 upon the spot to succeed and x)btain the Queen's approbation 
 for it ; so shall forthwith name one to them, the best I can think 
 upon. 
 
 Of Returns. — None yet come from any part thou sentlst any 
 to, to be returned for England, Carolina, Barbadoes, Jamaica, &c., 
 which I admire at. We must for Ireland to eat bread or sell all. 
 I cannot live under so great an interest, 't is impossible. 
 
 Evans the Pirate. — I long since writ to thee about this 
 fellow's ;^ioo upon David Powell's house and lot; his sister 
 leads me such a life to know if nothing be coming to her of it, 
 (but I never heard a word of it; I knew J. Claypole had an en- 
 cumbrance,) much of it wickedly obtained, I fear : however there 
 was forty or fifty pounds left. The man is dead ; a word of it 
 in thy next. 
 
 Close. — I have done when I tell thee to let my poor son 
 know that if he be not a very good husband I must sell there as 
 well as here, and that all he spends is disabling me, so far, to clear 
 myself of debt, and that he will pay for it at long run. Do it 
 in the friendliest manner, that he may co-operate with me to 
 clear our encumbered estate and honor.
 
 344 PENN AND LOGAN [1704. 
 
 My father and mother and wife send thee their love, and my 
 wife desires thou wouldst give hers to her friends there, town 
 and country. I also, and that in both provinces. Vale. 
 
 Thy real friend, Wm. Penn. 
 
 I admire at I. Mill and Robert French, to whom I have been 
 so kind. 
 
 James Logan to William Penn. 
 {^£xfracf.'\ New Castle, 22d gfk-mo., 1704. 
 
 .... The governor and assembly have clashed so far, not- 
 withstanding all endeavors have been used on our side to keep 
 matters easy, that there seems nothing, or at least very little to 
 be expected from them. They will not allow him the power of 
 dissolving, proroguing, dismissing for a time, or adjourning them, 
 but claim the privilege of sitting at all times, as they shall see 
 occasion, like the Parliament in 1641, which they nearly imitate: 
 they are all for settling constitutions and privileges, without any 
 regard to the public present safety, or making provision for the 
 government. That ridiculous old man, W. Biles, frequently 
 affirnxs they will never grant one penny on any account till they 
 have all their privileges explained and confirmed ; that is, till 
 they have five times more granted than ever they claimed before: 
 witness the city charter bill. And then 'tis alleged the gov- 
 ernor knows the terms how he may have money, and if the 
 public suffers for want of it, it will be at his door. 
 
 We are now come hither to hold a distinct assembly, for the 
 peers designed only to keep them in some order, and to show 
 they are regarded ; but each county being represented only by 
 four members little will be done this time : some endeavor to 
 keep in upon the foot of the charter, not through any great lik- 
 ing for it, but that the whole might continue more like one gov- 
 ernment. But Judge Guest with the designing men of this place 
 seem to endeavor an utter separation, and that this alone may 
 be madelhe mart for all the people below. The consequence 
 of this thou wilt easily see, and how inconvenient a distinct 
 assembly will be when taken notice of at home, and how inju-
 
 1704.] CORRESPONDENCE. 345 
 
 rious to thy interest ; but what is done now could not be avoided 
 unless we would wholly lose the obedience of these counties ; it 
 depends, therefore, the more upon thee, on whom the burthen 
 always too heavily lights; to hasten a suitable provision. I wish 
 public affairs at home may be in a condition to afford thee an 
 opportunity. The province and territories can scarce ever agree 
 together, but asunder they will never do anything, and, therefore, 
 should be joined on equal privileges, and all charters destroyed, 
 for our own friends are unfit for government by themselves, 
 and not much better with others. We are generally in these 
 parts too full of ourselves, and empty of sense, to manage affairs 
 of importance, and therefore require the greatest authority to 
 bend us. If thou surrender the government and keep the pro- 
 priety, as I doubt thou must the latter of necessity, the naming 
 of the council as well as the governor will be worth thy consid- 
 eration, and then of most I know, I doubt there is scarce any 
 man of sense more unfit, or less a friend to thy property, than that 
 weathercock, J. Guest. A desire to be somebody, and an unjust 
 method of craving and getting, seems to be the rule of his life ; 
 he has often been of great service, which should of itself be ac- 
 know' Iged, but 't is owing to little good in his temper. It was 
 generally his failings that were laid hold on to lead him to it; 
 and upon the whole, I must give it as my opinion that he is not 
 to be trusted. He is remarkable in one unhappy talent of abus- 
 ing every past government, and seems fixed to no man : I should 
 prefer even John Moore to him. Poor old Capt. Finney, too, 
 is grown somewhat dotish, and very weak. Jasper Yeates has 
 as much honor, though he has been an enemy, as any I know. 
 But thy son will be very capable of giving thee the later account 
 of jpen. Besides Capt. Roche, who is but a weak man, though 
 generous, and a West Indian in his life, there is one Richard 
 Sleigh, come lately from Jamaica, a very sober, good church- 
 man, and Col. Cressy from Virginia, and Antigua men of note 
 and substance, and more daily expected ; but the first talks of 
 returning, and the last meddles with no kind of business, nor 
 seems altogether fitted for it ; the other is a merchant, as Roche 
 is. But our corporation gives many strangers great offence, and 
 will make us odious, James Coutts is a good man, and thy
 
 346 PENN AND LOGAN ri704. 
 
 friend. R. Halliwell, if presented by others, need not now, I 
 believe, be much feared, and would prove as good, perhaps, as 
 R. French. W. Rodney holds with James Coutts against all men. 
 John Hill is honest, but weak, and sometimes silly. Joseph 
 Growdon very much mended, and directly opposite to David in 
 the house ; as I told thee in my last, I used some freedom in 
 some of my letters, especially the private ones, which I hope 
 will not be taken amiss : they are the result of my closest 
 thoughts, and when thou art pleased to consider what I wrote 
 concerning thy propriety, and the state of thy family, thou wilt 
 find it, I believe, but too well grounded. It will be no grateful doc- 
 trine, I believe, to Mr. William,* but I must be of opinion it would 
 best suit thy circumstances, and perhaps not be to his disadvan- 
 tage, for should thou go off the stage, I know not what would be 
 made of it. I have had some difficulty to carry even between 
 my duty to thee and my regards to him, but I hope I have not 
 miscarried in either. Let me take the freedom to request thee 
 to be very tender to him in thy resentment, least those he has 
 already conceived from the abuses put upon him should by any 
 addition precipitate him into ruin ; he has much good nature, 
 wants not very good sense, but is unhappy chiefly by indiscre- 
 tion. 
 
 'T is a pity his wife came not with him ; there is scarce any 
 thing has a worse effect upon his mind than the belief thou hast 
 a greater regard to thy second children than thy first, and an 
 emulation between his own and thy younger seems too much 
 to rivet him in it, which, were it obviated by the best methods, 
 might be of service, for he is and must be thy son, and thou 
 either happy or unhappy in him. The tie is indissoluble. What 
 I write will, I hope, be taken as designed, and as the result (jnly 
 of an affectionate concern, knowing I write only to thyself 
 
 2^th gbr. — The assembly, as 'tis called here, have past two 
 acts only, and intend no more. The first is for the confirmation 
 of all the laws, and the other for increasing the number of 
 representatives from 4 to 6 for each county. The governor is 
 very earnest for an act to establish the militia; but they are 
 
 ' William Penn, Jr. — L.
 
 1704.] CORRESPONDENCE. 347 
 
 resolved not to touch with it till next meeting with advanced 
 numbers. I shall not have time now to send thee any copies. 
 They have made provision in the latter act to come in next 
 time upon the charter, but for no other reason than to keep 
 more like one government, for they hate it as other good men 
 do. We have had no accounts for some months from Europe; 
 we fear 't is owing to some great embargo upon the account of 
 Portugal. Pray excuse my repeating the same things in several 
 letters ; they are either such as have great place in my own 
 thoughts, or that I am desirous should have some in thine. I 
 am, with love and duty, 
 
 Thy faithful and obedient servant, James Logan. 
 
 P. S. — I found the catalogue of the books thrown in among 
 the Jersey deeds, and have examined them. There is in Sir 
 W. Raleigh's History, and Purchas's Pilgrims, wanting of the 
 folios ; and by the black-lead marks in the margin made at ex- 
 amining them when first brought from C©1. Markham's, they 
 seem never to have been there since thy last arrival ; if they 
 were I shall recover them, or others in their stead. There is 
 no other folio missing but Braithwait's English Gentlemen, 
 which, with the rest, shall be made good. There never was a 
 greater villain known than he that played the trick, yet was 
 never discovered nor suspected till the'day after he left me, by 
 a remarkable providence, that the innocent might be cleared. 
 His father made me promise to be private in it, engaging to 
 make full satisfaction, and hoping it would be the last ; but he 
 is mistaken, I doubt. We cannot, by any deeds left here, make 
 out thy title to thy proprietie in the Jerseys, and Samuel Jen- 
 nings says the council of proprietaries there will admit of none to 
 take up land without producing their deeds or authentic copies 
 of them. The deeds here relate only to Salem, and they want 
 explanation, for there seems something yet wanting to clear 
 that matter fully. This will require a speedy answer: I mean 
 about the proprietie, which I intreat thee send at once. 
 
 I hope this following spring to clear off Wm. Aubrey's inter- 
 est, but wo must have a new power, and should have one like- 
 wise for the 15,500 acres in New Castle County, The patent
 
 348 PENN AND LOGAN [1704. 
 
 for it is dated 27th or 28th of 8br., 1701, the quit-rent to thee one 
 beaver-skin ; but I wish thou couldest have that in thy own 
 hands. Yet now there is an absolute patent for it upon record. 
 
 James Logan to William Penn, 
 
 Philadelphia, d>th lobr., 1704. 
 
 Last night, by Walter Groombridge, I received thine dated 
 5th-mo. last, and now have only time to acknowledge it. Be- 
 sides my several letters by the Jersey, in company with thy son, 
 I have wrote largely by way of Barbadoes, and shall send a 
 copy, if another opportunity present, to Maryland, before this 
 vessel sails, and by Daniel Zachary ^ from Boston, who in a few 
 weeks designs to sail ; but cannot now undertake to answer any 
 part of thy last My packet by Al. Paxton I hope is come to hand, 
 he, as we hear, being arrived with the rest, since that, being all 
 too much of the same melancholy tenor, will scarce be so accept- 
 able as I could heartily wish. 
 
 In that from New Castle I advised of our assembly there, de- 
 signed only to show them some countenance. The Lord Corn- 
 bury has held a new assembly at Burlington, and passed some 
 very strange acts: one for granting the Queen ;^4,ooo, another 
 for the militia, &c., all obtained by the greatest breach of Eng- 
 lish privileges that has been heard of, enough to make our peo- 
 ple wiser if they had hearts or heads capable of information. 
 As I perceive thou art apprehensive of parting with the govern- 
 ment, if thou thinks fit to endeavor the contrary, the only 
 method I can think of, with submission, will be to let the coun- 
 try know they must of necessity either unite again, and forego 
 that part of the charter, or else be delivered up to the Queen, 
 who will govern them united ; and at the same time send them 
 over a charter with the same privileges, that only excepted. 
 But the province is now as averse to a union as the territories 
 are to a separation. 
 
 'This worthy man, who had settled in Boston, but had married, in 
 Pennsylvania, a daughter of Thomn Lloyd, upon the decease of his 
 wife went home to England, where shortly after his arrival he also 
 died. He left one son, Lloyd Zachary, who became afterwards a dis- 
 tinguished physician in Philadelphia. — L.
 
 1704] CORRESPONDENCE. 349 
 
 If the war abroad go on with success equal to the actions of 
 July and August last in Bavaria, it is probable thou may be able 
 to make better terms, but to be sure without it the Crown can- 
 not spare money. 
 
 I am sorry to find Grove and Singleton have made no more 
 returns. We heard of that island's fleet falling into the hands 
 of St. Paul, and seventeen out of twenty-six being taken. I 
 wish thou may not have suffered there, and admire to see so 
 little care is taken by many of the interest of others they are 
 entrusted with. But I must break off, and conclude, 
 
 Thy most faithful and affectionate J. L. 
 
 James Logan to William Penn. 
 
 [Philadelphia, \oth-mo., 1704.] 
 
 By thy son in the Jersey, and I. Guy in the brig, who sailed 
 from York about fourteen days ago, I wrote several letters, of 
 which three inclosed to John Askew were designed more private 
 than the rest, informing, as fully as I then could, of the state of 
 our affairs, all which I hope will arrive safe. I cannot, without 
 the deepest regret, consider how little satisfactory some of them, 
 and especially their bearer, may prove on some accounts. But 
 as I have had and still have my share of trouble at the thoughts 
 of it, and can truly sympathize with those more nearly con- 
 cerned, yet as I have endeavored to acquit myself to the best 
 of my power, and have left nothing unessayed which I could 
 think of for his benefit, my conscience yields me the greater 
 ease; and to that I doubt must thy chief recourse be for com- 
 fort. I have undergone, I am sure, the deepest pangs of trouble 
 in my own soul for several months past, but hope it will please 
 the Lord to give a greater dawn of consolation to those whose 
 whole dependence is upon him. 
 
 The return of thy son and the representation that he brings, 
 with the unhappy effects those have had upon him, accompanied 
 at the same time with that unparalleled piece of baseness from 
 D. LI., will soon put thee (I doubt not) on measures for thy ease 
 from such an accumulation of troubles. The governor has pos- 
 itively demanded a copy of that remonstrance from the assem-
 
 350 PENN AND LOGAN [1704. 
 
 bly ; but David, under pretence of answering the governor's 
 demands in a proper method, by the basest artifice endeavored 
 to persuade the house that they ought first to make it by a rec- 
 ognition, or amendment, as they should think fit, the act of that 
 house, and then they might properly send a copy. But this 
 being too gross to pass, notwithstanding the great influence he 
 has over the majority, composed of designing and weak men, 
 (for of the latter they got as many chosen as they could, that 
 they might be the easier led,) he, as I am credibly informed by 
 some others of the members, owned it as his own proper act, 
 and therefore pleaded as such it was not subject to the house 
 nor any other power. He pretended, indeed, to send for it 
 again, from York, when it was too late ; but, upon the whole, 
 he denies a copy, either to the governor or to the meeting of 
 Philadelphia, who have also sued for it. We are now in such 
 circumstances, that I cannot foresee any probability of being 
 brought into regular order again till under the Crown ; and it 
 seems all owing to those unhappy charters which, being designed 
 as favors, are made use of by ill men as tools for mischief. 
 There is a general infatuation, as if by a superior influence, got 
 among us, as well as in other places. It seems as if we were 
 all in a ferment, and whatever was impure among the whole 
 people rose in its filth to the top. I wish we may ever be 
 skimmed so as to leave anything pure behind. I am fully con- 
 vinced,^ at least that prudence and counsel are much in vain, 
 unless they are made the instruments of the only guiding Power 
 of all human things. We are in the same circumstances here as 
 in England, in regard to public affairs, and perhaps it is as much 
 the fate of the nations as our particular sins. But I am too apt 
 to run out upon such melancholy reflections 
 
 ^ Perhaps there is an analogy between our circumscribed views of the 
 moral government of Providence in the affairs of mankind, and the 
 sublime glance which modern astronomy opens on the amazed mind, 
 of system attached to system, rolling around some unknown centre too 
 great almost to be grasped by the imagination or measured by the span 
 of human knowledge, yet, haply to an eye that could take in the whole 
 scheme of things, order and proportion and beauty would be apparent, 
 and we should discern that all the dispensations of His providence 
 were ordained in wisdom, conducive to his own glorious purposes and 
 the good of his creatures. — L.
 
 I704-S-] CORRESPONDENCE. 35l 
 
 William Penn to James Logan. 
 
 London, i6M ii th-mo., 1704-5.' 
 
 I think I may say I have all thy letters, as well private as 
 public, from my son, John Askew, &c. A melancholy scene 
 enough always ; religiously upon my poor child. Pennsylvania 
 begins it by my absence here, and there it is accomplished with 
 expense, disappointment, ingratitude, and poverty. The Lord up- 
 hold me under these sharp and heavy burdens with his free 
 spirit. I should have been glad of an account of his expenses, 
 and more of a rent-roll, that I may know what I have to stand 
 upon and help myself with. He is my greatest affliction for his 
 soul's and my posterity's or family's sake. I say once again, 
 let me have a rent-roll, or I inust sink, with gold in my view 
 but not in my power. To have neither supplies nor a reason 
 of credit here, is certainly a cruel circumstance. I want to know 
 what I have to stand upon and help myself with.^ 
 
 I want to know what has been sold, what bonds taken, and 
 money received since I arrived in the country, which I desire 
 thee to send most expeditiously, as also duplicate of bonds 
 attested by authority, and that all other business may give way 
 
 ' The winter of 1 704-5 was remarkably severe in America ; witness 
 the following extract: "This having been the hardest winter and 
 deepest snow that has been known by the oldest among us; we have 
 had but one post all this season, whose quick return and short notice 
 allows not to enlarge. The river is still fast, and likely to continue 
 so."— L. 
 
 * [Certain writers of the present century have expended no little in 
 genuity in their endeavor to reverse the judgment of posterity passed 
 upon Penn as the possessor of great virtues ; and other writers, fired 
 by the same spirit of literary emulation, but with a different object, 
 have made it a pleasurable task to endeavor to elevate into decent 
 repute characters upon whom, by a common consent, there has long 
 since been pronounced the deepest condemnation. It is, therefore, not 
 unlikely that Penn's frequent, pressing, and touching entreaties for 
 remittances, aud which are so often urged in his letters to Logan, will 
 be made the subject of a fresh charge against his memory. The sacri- 
 fice of his life was the establishment of the province of Pennsylvania. 
 He had ventured every thing upon it, and underwent an unceasing 
 struggle to preserve it. His expenses were for him enormous, and his 
 just returns, which it had been solemnly contracted should be paid, 
 were, in the main, withheld by an ungrateful people, who, running
 
 352 PENN AND LOGAN [1704-5, 
 
 to it, be it of what kind it will. I am also sorry to hear there 
 is no land left to be taken up for me or my abused posterity. 
 The game must be then up indeed ; but I can hardly let it enter 
 my thoughts. Is all Thomas Fairman's discovery taken up, 
 and I and mine no sharers in it? forty miles from Philadelphia, 
 and twelve miles by six, surrounded by rocks, of which he 
 seemed so pleased when I was there, or soon after I left you. 
 I have a hundred German families preparing for you, that buy 
 30 or 40,000 acres ; and no longer than yesterday, Sir Charles 
 Hedges discoursed me upon a Swiss colony intending thither, 
 by the request of our envoy in the Cantons ; but keep this close, 
 for many reasons ; only look out, and keep it in remembrance. 
 I also want the propriety accounts, what, and to whom, and 
 when, and for what. 
 
 Thou must pay £2$ to the gentlewoman^ Phillips, for i^20 I 
 received here upon her account by remittal of the Bishop of 
 Cloyne, by Edward Hastwell, according to the late standard of 
 value. The Barbadoes fleet, coming home so late, met both with 
 storms of wind and guns, the French falling in among them; so 
 that of 120 sail, not above 80 and odd got in, where out of 40 
 odd hogsheads of sugar, I have lost 30, and Edward Singleton 
 carried into France. They freighted upon five vessels, one 
 burnt, which Edward came out in, had 10 hogsheads, and two 
 
 riot with an excess of liberty, raised all manner of untenable objec- 
 tions against the performance of their duty* — a people who, possessed 
 of every substantial right, were yet unsatisfied, but who would have 
 been very humble and repentant had they been deprived of those priv- 
 ileges which they did not seem to know how to value or enjoy. — 
 Editor.] 
 
 'This lady came over in the Canterbury, in 1702. W. P. wrote to 
 J. L. to supply her with j£6o to jCjo yearly. He describes her "as 
 a person seeking retirement, her husband living, but an ill choice, and 
 that her misfortune." Several similarly circumstanced came over. 
 Richardson makes Clarissa's friends propose her coming to Pennsyl- 
 vania. — L. 
 
 * In the words of Penn's able biographer, " They invaded his rights — they seized 
 his land — they withheld his rents. Penn mourned in soul at these evidences of 
 faithlessness and ingratitude. He attributed them to ignorance of their duties, to the 
 novelty of their position as legislators, and he again and again found excuses for 
 them in his heart. With a readier logic, Logan traced their meanness and avarice 
 to an excess of freedom ; and censured his friend for having given them so much 
 better a charter than they deserved." — Dixon's Life of Penn, p. 319, American ed,, 
 1851. — EurroR.
 
 1704-5] CORRESPONDENCE. 353 
 
 were taken that had 10 hogsheads each; one,of 5, and another 
 of 6 came in ; one at sea, a brigantine, which has 7, no news of 
 her; and as for Guy, no news yet. But my son, who has come 
 safe, though near foundering in the Jersey, says he believes she 
 is lost, for after the storm they saw her no more. J. Askew 
 ensured iJ'ioo upon thy letter, but the ensurer broke, and the 20 
 guineas lost. This done upon the former intimations. Ensurers 
 fail much. I have not a word about the East Jersey Friend that 
 was to have paid ;^900 New York money — I think his name is 
 Stockins — Cousin Tillness's wife's brother, nor of Richard 
 Baumont, of whom I bought 300 acres in West Jersey, as the 
 writings I left with thee show, bought of Biddle by him, and 
 might be applied to secure the island before Pennsbury. 'T was 
 to have been on Rancocas Creek ; his widow clamors me much 
 about it. This is the sixth time at least that I have writ thee 
 about it ; nor didst thou send me word what my son sold his 
 manor for;^ but after all he drew a bill for ;^io at his arrival, 
 to ride 200 miles home, and which he performed in two days 
 and a night. I met him by appointment between this and 
 Worminghurst ; stayed but three hours together. See how 
 much more the bad Friends' treatment of him stumbled him 
 from the blessed truth, than those he acknowledges to be good 
 ones could prevail to keep him in the profession of it, from the 
 prevailing ground in himself, to what is levity more than to 
 what is retired, circumspect, and virtuous, I have writ very 
 copiously to thee by several packets, two by Edward Lane, but 
 a great enemy to Friends, a reviler ; two or three by Samuel 
 Hollister, one of my wife's kinsmen : both upon the " Biddeford 
 Factor," or Merchant, via Maryland, of which pray take notice. 
 Now for the government : Depend upon it I shall part speed- 
 ily from it, and had I not given that ungrateful and conceited 
 people that charter, and had got but 400 per an. fixed for the 
 governor, and made such good conditions for them, I had had 
 twice as much as I am now likely to have. If I don't dissolve 
 it, that charter, I mean, the Queen will, which, after all, David 
 
 ' The manor of Williamstadt, 7,000 acres, bought by Isaac Norris 
 and William Trent, now Norriton township, in Montgomery County, 
 of which latter Nt)rristown is the county seat. — L. 
 
 VOL. I. — 24
 
 354 PENN AND LOGAN [1704-5. 
 
 Lloyd's craft and malice despised for its craziness. As for him, 
 he will perhaps be constrained to change the air, and his black- 
 bird too, M . 
 
 For selling all : If I can clear my incumbrances without it I 
 shall do so; if not, then province or territories shall go. But 
 alas ! I can neither sell nor borrow till I know what I have to 
 do either ; pray mind this, and let it not be said that after five 
 years' time I know not what I have to sell or mortgage, if I 
 would do either. I heartily acknowledge to the Gov. J. Evans, 
 his quietness, good distinction, integrity, and courage. Had he 
 passed those laws, he had destroyed me and himself too. I 
 shall stick close by him in those methods he has taken. For 
 Bewley's place, whose death is a loss indeed, the gang here, 
 Paston, &c., with the Bishop of London, got Moore in, before 
 thine came to my hand, almost a month, if not six weeks ; a 
 wonderful thing. That packet, that gave me the first notice of 
 the poor man's death, came via Lisbon, and the Millford that 
 put in there, and cost me ;^i lis, 6d., no bill nor cargo, and 
 which crowns all, Guy carried also into France. But besides 
 commission money at Philadelphia, the commission at the receipt 
 and return at Barbadoes, &c., and then once here, reduces it to 
 next nothing. In short, bills there, or goods to Jamaica, if can 
 get money, now the trade is open with the Spaniards, to return, 
 or bills thence, and the Madeiras, are all the returns I would 
 have made. 
 
 Pray, carefully penetrate to the bottom of the design of affront- 
 ing my son. Had I not orders to turn out David Lloyd from 
 the Lord Justices, and to present and punish him, and send word 
 what punishment I inflicted, and that part of it should be that 
 he were never after capable of any employ in the country — 
 and does he endeavor my ruin for not obeying, but offering him 
 to cover himself in the profits under my tolerable name — and 
 
 did I not do almost as much for , who had orders to treat 
 
 him sharply for his barrels of tobacco in lieu of flour? And 
 
 has he forgot how I got Quary to drop it, &c., and has 
 
 forgot my boons I have done for him many a day? Well, "all 's 
 well that ends well." But if those illegitimate Quakers think 
 their unworthy treatment no fault towards me, they may find 
 that I can, upon better terms, take their enemies by the hand
 
 1704-5] CORRESPONDENCE. 355 
 
 than they can mine ; and unless the honest will, by church dis- 
 cipline or the government, whilst it is mine, take these Korahs^ 
 to task, and make them sensible of their baseness, I must and 
 will do so. In short, upon my knowledge of the conclusion of 
 this winter's assembly I shall take my last measures. When 
 the prosperity that attends the country is talked of, and what 
 they have done for me or deputies, that have supported them 
 against their neighbors' envy, and church attempts here and 
 there, they show struck with admiration, and must either think 
 me an ill man or they a base people. That which I expected 
 was 3 or 400 per an. for the governor, and to raise for other 
 charges as they saw occasion ; and if they will not do this will- 
 ingly, they may find, before they are a year older, they must 
 give a great deal more, whether they please or not, I only by 
 my interest have prevented a scheme drawn to new model the 
 colonies — told so by a duke, and a minister too ; for, indeed, if 
 our folks had settled a reasonable revenue, I would have returned 
 to settle a Queen's governor and the people together, and have 
 laid my bones with them, for the country is as pleasant to me 
 as ever; and if my wife's mother should die, who is now very 
 ill, I believe not only my wife and our young stock, but her 
 father too, would incline thither. He has been a treasure to 
 Bristol, and given his whole time to the service of the poor 
 Friends' fund, till they made eight per cent, of their money, and 
 next the city poor, where by act of Parliament he has been 
 kept in beyond form, he has so managed to their advantage, 
 that the city members gave our Friends, and my father' in par- 
 ticular, an encomium, much to their honor, in the House. Well ! 
 God Almighty forgive, reclaim; amend, and preserve us all. 
 Amen. 
 
 The young man, John Lisk, I writ of, goes for Archangel. 
 Methinks, of those that go hence, thou mayst find one suitable 
 for thee. Here came the book-thief, dada's own image. That 
 ever there should be such a succession of incomparables ! He 
 came for a letter to thee. I took no notice of past offences, 
 used him softly enough. Per next a catalogue; but I would have 
 one thence. 
 
 ^ See the Book of Numbers, chapter xvi. — L. 
 » [Thomas Callowhill. —Editor.]
 
 356 PENN AND LOGAN [1704-5. 
 
 I want a distinct knowledge how the business of the resur- 
 veys goes, and what it comes to. That law and two-thirds of 
 the rest are reported blank by the attorney-general ; so that 
 they must to work again, and give money or no laws, no gov- 
 ernment, for I can maintain none; and as for their addresses, I 
 will keep them in piles, instead of affronting royal hands with 
 that man's name for speaker;^ that is the aversion of the min- 
 istry, most, if not all of whom were Lords Justices, or in office 
 when his degrading punishment and disability were commanded 
 against him. My son speaks well of Quary, as most ci^il to 
 him, and that Moore p^romised him he never more would vex 
 or cross-grain my interest. Expound this. 
 
 For the three bills, they are the scorn of lawyers and men of 
 sense that have seen or hear of them, as also was David Lloyd's 
 hedging-in of the Cuckoo by the New Castle charter. Did I 
 give them a charter for fear I should lose the government, to 
 secure them hereafter, and when I have at my great trouble and 
 charge preserved it and them in authority, and sent them a mild, 
 discreet, and courageous governor, approved by the Queen, in 
 spite of Quary, Moore, &c., to give him no salary, to pay me 
 none of the subscription money, to turn my own charter against 
 me and my posterity, and make head against my officers as if 
 I and they were their greatest enemies, instead of Quary, Moore, 
 &c. ? Who ever was so treated? The Lord forgive them their 
 great ingratitude, as well as profaneness, to quit me to follow 
 such a self-interested tool as David Lloyd, that owes his bread 
 to me too. Surely such a people dwell not upon the face of the 
 earth. God I hope will deliver me from them, if they are not 
 delivered from so absurd and sordid a behavior and conduct. 
 And this I command thee to communicate to the guilty as well 
 as the innocent of that assembly who profess the blessed truth. 
 And I desire the governor and my officers will take a little more 
 spiritedness and quickness upon them, and curb their insolencies 
 as strictly as they pretend to do irregularities in the corporation. 
 
 S. V. takes great exception to J. Groves consigning the sugars 
 to Edward Singleton, and so he would the goods on Guy if he 
 
 * [David Lloyd. — Editor.]
 
 1704-S] CORRESPONDENCE. 357 
 
 knew it ; wherefore forbear giving him offence, who has been 
 friendly to me ; but if no goods come, that will naturally follow. 
 What money did Capt. Bierly lend my son ? Direct thy letters 
 to John Ellis, Esq., at the secretary's office at Whitehall, which 
 I have often told thee, and that would save me the heavy post- 
 age, and let the governor know as much, for they come safely 
 to hand and speedily, writing on them. For the Queen's service. 
 I have sometimes thought if thou didst change the property of 
 the bonds due to me, it might be safer and pass better in pay. 
 I have a mind also to sell off one-half of the quit-rents. If I 
 could have bills or money there to return hither according to 
 the regulation of the coin, except what is due upon English 
 standard, as all those of the province are, I believe the fee 
 farmers would give me twenty years purchase, and that would 
 ease me here ; consider of these things, and cast about h'ow to 
 do something that may ease me of my heavy burdens, that have 
 been great and long, and daily increase, Edward Shippen, &c., 
 may catch at such a proposal, so some New Yorkers. Would 
 (that) our people (might) be brought to know their true interest 
 and help me. Parting with the government should never part 
 them and me ; but to them I would yet come, and be a protec- 
 tion to them under it, and settle my young brood with them. 
 But I despair of their recovery, and believe that a tight and rig- 
 orous hand»must first teach them to value my company and give 
 me better entertainment. I justify not my son's folly, and less 
 their provocation ; but if his regards to your governor does not 
 hinder him, he has a great interest to obtain it with persons of 
 great quality, and in the ministry too ; and he is of a temper to 
 remember them, though I fear they did design the affront to me 
 more than to him, which renders the case worse. In short, sell 
 nothing but to return as I said just now, neither one thing nor 
 another in cash or bills : I will rather sell here to the govern- 
 ment. 
 
 I expect that Friends and your assembly will do me justice 
 upon David Lloyd. If what thou writest be true of his forgery 
 and clandestine work after the assembly was up, 't is an intoler- 
 able abuse, and deserves all he is worth in the world ; and unless 
 they will make him a public example, and turn him out from
 
 358 PENN AND LOGAN [l704-5- 
 
 being recorder or a practitioner at any of my courts, I hereby 
 desire Judge Mompesson, as he has expressed he can, would 
 show them the force of their charters as well as how they 
 have basely made use of them. I say again, I desire that he 
 would evacuate both, that to the town, and that to the province, 
 since I find more justice and mercy from my enemies than some 
 of my professed friends — I mean as to the profession. Let no 
 time be lost, and I shall lose none here. I am anxiously grieved 
 at thy unhappy love, for thy sake and my own, for T. S. and thy 
 discord' has been of no service here any more than there, and 
 some say, that come thence, that thy amours have so altered or 
 influenced thee that thou art grown touchy and apt to give short 
 and rough answers, which many call haughty, &c. I make no 
 judgment, but caution thee, as in former letters, to let truth pre- 
 side, and bear impertinencies as patiently as thou canst. Others 
 would insinuate further, as if thy complaining was for thy own 
 interest, at my damage ; but I turn a deaf ear to that: the best 
 conduct draws often the greatest envy or reflection sometimes. 
 
 I own I am unspeakably disappointed in not knowing how 
 my interest lies as to bonds, rent-rolls, &c., what is received 
 and what paid; and fail not of it by the first opportunity.^ 
 
 I had a letter from the judge, and packets from the governor, 
 a letter from Samuel Carpenter, Isaac Norris, and Griffith Owen, 
 which I '11 answer if I can ; but my incomparable difficulties 
 press me, and one is, two German gentlemen, who are come 
 hither to pass to you, to fix a colony in the province of Germans, 
 and the ship is ready to sail, but I purpose to write to the gov- 
 ernor. My dear love to the above named, and all others that 
 are right minded. For thy Barbadoes letters, they are safe by 
 
 ^Thomas Story married, about this time, Ann, daughter of Edward 
 Shippen, to whom the secretary had been much attached. She was a 
 fine woman, but died a few years after her marriage of a consump- 
 tion : they had no issue. Thomas Story received the house in Second 
 Street where the Bank of Pennsylvania now stands, as part of her mar- 
 riage dower. This he afterwards sold to James Logan, with whom in 
 the .decline of life he corresponded on religious and philosophical sub- 
 jects. — L. 
 
 *A long letter in answer to this article, on William Penn's private 
 estate, is in being, but it appeared unnecessary to insert it here. — I^.
 
 I704-5-] CORRESPONDENCE. 359 
 
 the ship's being retaken, &c. Oh, that some of our people would 
 read the book of Numbers from the 20th to the 30th chapter, 
 and see their condition. But I must be brief, so desiring thee 
 to send me a full account of all things, and to be lively and dili- 
 gent in my business, which succeeding, so shalt thou, I end. 
 Thy loving friend, Wm. Penn. 
 
 2']th \2th-7no., 1704. 
 
 P. S. — I had John Sotcher's letter, and desire him to go on 
 as he has done and send me their history by all opportunities ; 
 with my love to him and her» and the family. I was pleased 
 with his account, but would have it yet more exact. Mine are 
 well and salute friends and thee. Vale. 
 
 On the 28th of October, this year, 1704, died the celebrated 
 philosopher, John Locke : he was friendly to William Penn and 
 the principles of the Quakers, and by his excellent letter on 
 toleration, first printed in 1690, materially contributed to put a 
 stop to the illiberal treatment and persecution which they had 
 received. — L. 
 
 [Note. — The winter of 1704-5 was remarkably severe, as 
 may be gathered from some passages in the foregoing letters, 
 and which the following extracts corroborate. — L.] 
 
 Isaac Norris to Daniel Zachary. 
 
 i2th-fno., 1704-5. 
 .... As the longest English liver has never known such a 
 winter as this for the abundance of snow, so have never had 
 such a vacation. All avenues are stopped, and travelling wholly 
 impeded till just now. The post has not been here these six 
 weeks, which makes the time pass on very melancholy, and the 
 more particularly for the want of hearing from thee as usual. 
 This makes me assured 'twill be as welcome to thee to hear thy 
 little boy is well, and our family, with friends generally. Our
 
 360 PENN AND LOGAN [1704-5. 
 
 river has been fast these six weeks, and people go and come 
 with carts, sleds, horses, &c., as on land. Dutch sleds are 
 mightily in fashion here this winter 
 
 Isaac Norris to John Askew. 
 
 Philadelphia, \oth \2th-m0., (^Feb.,) 1704-5. 
 " We have had the deepest snow this winter that has been 
 known, (by the longest English, liver here ;) no travelling, all 
 avenues shut; the post has not gone these six weeks. The river 
 still fast : people bring loads over it, as they did seven years agx) 
 when thou wast here ; many creatures like to perish." 
 
 [Extracts giving some account of the situation of affairs, and 
 particular inhabitants, &c. — L,] 
 
 "William Clark, senior, (judge,) lately dead, and a mishap 
 fallen to the circumstances of his son, which I doubt you will 
 too soon hear of." 
 
 [13/^ Sth-mo., i7os<] 
 
 " Charles Read was buried last first-day, after about eight 
 months laid up of his 'distemper. Sarah Plumstead (Righton 
 that was) thought to be near expiring of consumption. Our 
 governor and assembly don't hit it; David Lloyd is speaker; 
 Jos. Wilcox, J. Wood, and some others, are right-hand men ; 
 't is feared they endeavor to confuse all by design, though all 
 deny. In the main, we yet do well enough, but fear Governor 
 Penn cannot hold it without better supplies and more unanimity 
 of the people. John Moore is collector, and severe enougn. 
 Col. Quary gone to Virginia, in order for England again: 'tis 
 sudden and mysterious. Cornbury carries it with a high hand 
 in the Jerseys."
 
 I704-5-] CORRESPONDENCE. 361 
 
 James Logan to William Penn.^ 
 
 Philadelphia, i\th \2th-m0., 1704-5. 
 Honored Governor: — The inclosed is much of what I wrote 
 from New Castle when the assembly was held there ; but when- 
 ever duplicates come, wrote in my own hand, I request that the 
 first may be destroyed, and the latest only kept. Since that 
 time, Captain Robinson arrived with thine of the 5th-mo. last, 
 by which I am extremely troubled to perceive the apprehensions 
 our separation of the province and territories give thee, and 
 that it may prove a hinderance in thy treaty with the Crown. 
 All possible measures, as has been largely said, have been taken 
 to prevent it, but there is no remedy ; however, if thou canst 
 not find thy account in treating with the ministry, by a much 
 more pacific temper for this winter among the people than we 
 were blessed with some time before, I am in hopes that it may 
 not prove impossible to carry on affairs for some further time 
 with so much ease that it may be no great hardship to thee still 
 to hold the government. Matters have been much smoother of 
 late, and all things very quiet; whether it maybe in some meas- 
 ure owing to the hopes we have of better days, from that great 
 action on the Danube, I know not, and of our trade reviving, 
 &c., I know not; but this govermnent has never been more 
 calm than of late : Quary and all the rest very good, David 
 Lloyd in appearance. The present mayor, Griffith Jones, direct 
 contrary to what was expected, acquits himself with the greatest 
 moderation ' and most temper than any in his place have done. 
 Only that lurking snake, David Lloyd, keeps and is kept at a 
 distance. 
 
 ^ [This letter is incomplete. — Editor.] 
 
 * Colonel Quary's violent opposition to the government of William 
 Penn appears to have ceased about this time. He had made a visit to 
 England, and it is to be presumed the remedy mentioned in the letter 
 to Judge Mompesson had been efficacious. David Lloyd and his ad- 
 herents now clouded the political horizon in Pennsylvania; and the 
 comfort of the few remaining years of William Penn's life was also 
 deeply assailed by the exorbitant demands made against him by Philip 
 Ford, his agent and steward on his Irish estate, of which transaction 
 many particulars will be found in future letters. — L.
 
 362 PENN AND LOGAN [1704-5. 
 
 What the assembly will be prevailed on to do when they 
 meet, which is to be the 3d-mo. next, I know not, but it is to 
 be hoped time will, by degrees, open the misled members' eyes, 
 and that if this year produces no good effect, it may as little ill, 
 and then perhaps David may be disappointed in the next elec- 
 tion, which we could not bring to bear in the last, because of 
 some advantages that by an unlucky occasion he took and im- 
 proved. His base letter I hope has fallen into thy own hands only, 
 and then the damage will be small, and will but serve to give 
 thee a portraiture of the harm that some men carry in their 
 breasts. He is much abhorred by most that hear of it; but as 
 I have said in my last, we can by no means come at a copy of 
 it. Upon the whole, I humbly offer it as my 6pinion that, if 
 thou canst not come to advantageous terms with the Crown for 
 the government, the best way would be for thee to settle affairs 
 there the best thou canst, and make a trip over thyself; for thou 
 canst never, in my judgment, be safe altogether here while the gov- 
 ernment is in thy own hands ; and endeavor to get back these 
 charters, granting others at the same time equally beneficial.' . . . 
 
 Both the governor and myself are much at a stand what to 
 believe of the surrender, but are inclinable to think 't is resolved: 
 however, the assembly being to meet the very day the letters 
 arrived, the governor made them a speech as proper for the 
 occasion as could be thought of, with these two designs in view : 
 first, that if the government were surrendered, the persons who 
 were the causes of it might be the more pointed out, and the 
 just blame thrown upon them that they deserved, &c. ; secondly, 
 if not, that they might either be effectually pressed to do busi- 
 ness, or be exposed to the country, which is already much in- 
 censed against them. A copy of this, with their answer, and 
 another sharp message to them, is sent inclosed. Friends 
 are so extremely dissatisfied with their proceedings, that we 
 have very good assurances, in case they have the opportunity 
 of another election on the same foot, there will be a choice 
 according to thy own heart in Chester County, and mostly in 
 this ; but Bucks is a weak and unsanctified place, through Wil- 
 liam Biles's means chiefly ; and the town will always, I doubt, 
 
 * [Here four pages of the manuscript are wanting. — Editor.]
 
 1704-5] CORRESPONDENCE. 363 
 
 yield us two enemies, but the honest of other places fear not 
 overpowering them. 
 
 There is also a design to send thee an address from the prin- 
 cipal Friends of the place, lamenting those unhappy proceed- 
 ings, and purging themselves from them, with a condemnation 
 of that base letter from David Lloyd, which, whether the sur- 
 render be made or not, will, I know, be of very great service, 
 especially in case any copies of the letter should be published ; 
 but if an account should arrive before it is done that thou hast 
 parted with all, it will be afterwards impracticable. Those 
 troublesome members have been so fully exposed, that great 
 part of the country will now be as careful to choose men that 
 will give money, and support government, as at other times 
 they would avoid it. I wish their wiser repentance may not 
 come too late; and am sorry the law of property is returned 
 blank, for on that only oor resurveys were grounded ; and with- 
 out the allowance of the 10 in the 100, it will be impossible, I 
 fear, to recover any overplus without suits at law ; nor do I know 
 how we can that way itself go about it. The people I believe 
 will at length, if their present disposition hold, be willing to 
 settle a revenue as desired ; but at the same time they must, by 
 as firm a law, be settled in all things that are their due, both 
 privileges and property : this, I mean, after another election, for 
 from the present nothing is to be expected. They talk, indeed, 
 of taking it into consideration immediately ; but we have reason 
 to believe that, as they are now composed, they will do more 
 hurt than good, and that the best service at present is to expose 
 them to the country. There are, however, six or seven as good 
 members as could be wished for; but the rest being made up of 
 k s and fools, the latter, as usual, are made tools to the former. 
 
 Thy unfortunate losses by sea yield so melancholy a prospect 
 that it quite disheartens me ; but it is not thy* lot alone : William 
 Trent and Isaiac Norris, the chief traders in the place, have lost 
 this last year, I fear, one-third of their estates ; for scarce any- 
 thing returns that hath been sent out. But upon advice that at 
 Barbadoes the country has fitted out two or three good vessels 
 to defend their coasts, seeing the men-of-war have resolved to 
 take no care of them, I shipped on board of Capt. Robinson a
 
 364 PENN AND LOGAN [1704-5. 
 
 small venture of flour more on thy account ; before the receipt 
 of thy last letters, but shall hold thy hand that way till further 
 orders, unless it be in such quantities as I find a necessity to 
 receive in flour. But we have not found yet any effects from 
 the Queen's orders for allowing trade with the Spaniards, they 
 refusing mostly to trade with us. 
 
 Trade for Madeira is likewise, this summer, very discouraging, 
 wheat being fallen there one-third in the price, and wine ad- 
 vanced as much on the other hand. 
 
 I am very much troubled that thou wast not pleased to let me 
 understand before, thy design with a rent-roll and the bonds : 
 the first I shall despatch as soon as possible, in the best manner 
 I can to answer the end, but 't is a very tedious work, being so 
 very difficult to get the people to meet me for want of money, that 
 I cannot promise it before next winter is gone, and then, if it 
 please God I live, and we have peace, -I think thou may depend 
 upon it. I have been very busy last winter in settling books 
 and accounts, and this spring I have mostly spent in carrying 
 on the roll, and so shall continue; but it had been much more 
 forward if last summer had not found me so many diversions, 
 not from what thou mentions of my amours, for the trouble I 
 met with in that way was so sudden, and the person I mentioned 
 in mine of 8br. so irretrievably gone all at once, that prudence 
 would advise me to business at that time more than ever, and I 
 assure thee nothing of the kind could pass more easily over, for 
 the treatment carried its own cure with it. The diversions that 
 I mean were the most perplexing thoughts, as well as business 
 arising from thy concerns here at that time: some small business 
 of my own I had 't is true, but that soon came to an end by the 
 fortune of trade and war, of which thyself has been so deep a 
 partaker. 
 
 I here send thee a list of the bonds in my possession, with an 
 account of what is due upon them, without reckoning interest ; 
 but few of them will be fit to be assigned there, because pay- 
 ment cannot well be refused when tendered ; but now I know 
 thy intentions, I shall make it my business with other things to 
 take obligations for as much as I can, especially for such debts 
 as may be likely to continue out longer, in which I have been
 
 1704-5] CORRESPONDENCE. 365 
 
 more remiss hitherto, having the lands always foi'security, which 
 is much better than personal, and there is no disputing the 
 interest, for as we draw our warrants now upon new sales, their 
 not complying with the terms forfeits their tenure, a method 
 that it had been happy if it always had been practised. But 
 sales of land are now mostly over, the greatest part that we 
 bargained for being within the first year after thy departure : 
 since which, money being so scarce, and wheat low, there is no 
 encouragement to buy, and but very few look after their over- 
 plus. An account of which, all the art I can use cannot yet 
 bring to any perfection, notwithstanding 't is now near eighteen 
 months since the resurveys were over ; but the surveyors plead 
 so many difficulties, that I cannot have the returns finished, but 
 this year, if we live, will end it all. 
 
 I do assure thee I never had the least notion of thy mort- 
 gaging the quit-rents, or assigning "bonds here, till the receipt of 
 thy last, a few days ago; otherwise should^ have endeavored 
 to be in a better readiness ; and had the less reason to suspect 
 the former by thy son's discourse, on whom I understood they 
 were settled ; but that being none of my business, I shall obey 
 orders ''[as for the bonds, I know not what to think of the 
 method, for whatever bonds thou assigns I must afterwards for- 
 bear to receive any pay of them, notwithstanding many are such 
 as one would be well enough pleased to receive at any rate. 
 But one of the best funds now of land is the new Welsh settle- 
 ment in New Castle County, could the business between Mary- 
 land and us be settled ; there is ;^3,ooo due there, of which we 
 
 ^ [Mrs. Logan's copy ends here, but we are able, from the original 
 manuscript placed in our hands, to restore a portion of the letter. — Ed.] 
 
 "[There is some confusion in the contents of this letter. That part 
 of it beginning with the above words, " as for the bonds,'^ down to the 
 word ^'protested,'' on the 366th page, and from the succeeding words, 
 namely, ^^ From the bad success,'' to the word '^ beat,'" on page 367, 
 form the subject of an independent letter, copied by Mrs. Logan under 
 the title, " Letter from James Logan to William Penn, without a date, 
 but apparently belonging to this period." The remainder of the 
 epistle, as copied by Mrs. Logan, is, under the above heading, to be 
 found under the date of 2 2d of gth-mo., 1704, on page 344. Those 
 passages succeeding the word '■'■protested,'''' not being found elsewhere, 
 we have given at the end of this letter. — Editor.]
 
 366 PENN AND LOGAN [1704-5. 
 
 shall not get $60, I fear, except from one family, till that busi- 
 ness of the line be adjusted, the people demanding positive war- 
 ranties before they pay the money, and the claims made by those 
 of Maryland are so many that it puzzles us extremely. If that 
 whole business be not issued in thy lifetime, I doubt thy heirs 
 will reap no great benefit from a large part of these counties : 
 they grow more bold now than ever, and extend their claims 
 upon old surveys up to, and some beyond, our old settlement. 
 I must always press this, and in every letter, as of the greatest 
 necessity. 
 
 I admire I hear nothing by this last opportunity of new [ob- 
 literated] Letitia's lots and lands. I have urged much, and sent 
 over all that [obliterated] received nothing, besides two very 
 angry letters from herself and husband, threatening to send over 
 some person to look after it at thy charge [obliterated]. I would 
 by no means -disoblige Letitfa, having a hearty respect [oblit- 
 erated] her concerns, but 'tis impossible to do more than the 
 circumstances of the thing will allow of. There is ^400 out in 
 good hands on interest, which I shall receive, and ;^400 more in 
 thy business, which shall be the first thing I remit with the 
 interest. Since the arrival of the powers, now fifteen months 
 ago, I [obliterated] bargained for £72$ more, but none will take 
 titles or pay money upon these we have, nor, had we all the 
 money in hand, can find out any way to remit it : two-thirds of 
 the Maryland bills are said to be protested^ [obliterated.] .... 
 
 From the bad success thou hast had in returns, I am sensible 
 my reputation among some sorts of people will be in much 
 danger, for I well know that the active part of the world is too 
 much composed of such as, having no other scope of life but 
 self-interest to themselves, make success in others the measure 
 of their understanding. I shall be very willing therefore if thou 
 intends not shortly to come over thyself, to make it my sole 
 business for the future to settle all thy affairs in the province 
 ami bring them to a head, to make perfect drafts and rolls of 
 all the lands surveyed, with an account of all overplus and 
 vacancies, and whatever also thou hast any claim on, and to 
 
 ' [See note 2, page 365. — Editor.]
 
 1704-5] CORRESPONDENCE. 367 
 
 settle all manner of accounts with every person I have had to 
 do with, and then to bring all over to England with me, to give 
 an account of my stewardship, and then, as there shall be occa- 
 sion, receive a discharge or otherwise. This I hope to be able 
 to do against next fall come twelve months, and in the mean 
 time thou may give me thy sentiments; but 't is now very much 
 my inclination, for I must not suffer my accounts to be long 
 unadjusted, nor my reputation to be martyred on both sides : 
 here for too much rigor, and there for its opposite. 
 
 I cannot understand that paragraph in thy letter relating to 
 T. S. and myself: thou says our discord has done no niore good 
 there than here, and know not who carried the account of it, 
 for I wrote to none that I know but thyself, in ybr., 1703, and I 
 am no more to be blamed than a person that 's [obliterated] in 
 the highway; he has a greater privilege above me, 'tis true [ob- 
 literated] profession he makes, but 't is too far extended if one 
 must be beat* [obliterated] for his having a mind to do it the 
 first. Before that we had lived eighteen months very good 
 friends without any manner of provocation, only that I had 
 about three or four months before spoke something to Edward 
 Shippen relating" .... 
 
 Two-thirds of the Maryland bills are said to be protested, 
 which has made the generality of them of no manner of value. 
 I paid Richard Hill for him ;^225 in money for W. Aubrey, and 
 hope this summer to clear off all the interest, so that he shall 
 have no reason to complain on that head. Nor is there quite 
 so much as he believes, would he be pleased to consider that T 
 never had any orders about it till until the i2th-mo., 1703-4, 
 and the letters that disturbed him so much were writ in the 
 8th-mo. following, a space too short, if he knew our circum- 
 stances, to expect any thing from. I have no reason to be 
 fond of the business, and, were it not Letitia's, would never upon 
 any terms meddle with it. I have made the sales not only to 
 the utmost value at the time, but outdone the expectations of 
 all in the prices, except in two small lots where I was a little 
 
 ^[See note 2, page 365. — Editor.] 
 
 '[Several pages of manuscript at this point are lost. — ^^ditor.]
 
 368 PENN AND LOGAN [1704-5. 
 
 overseen. What is theirs in hand in thy business shall be hon- 
 estly paid with the interest, and that, and what else is due, shall 
 be very readily given up to any other hand they shall be pleased 
 to appoint, for 't is now impossible to avoid censure, or make 
 remittances as desired. We cannot coin bills. If the Mary- 
 landers have not credit in England, it is in vain to expect good 
 bills from them, and this our own merchants have found from 
 dear experience. 
 
 I wish thou would prevail with William to take his money 
 here; though with a better exchange than usual, it would be 
 much more for thy interest,^ because it would take off that heavy^ 
 
 ^ The reader will be pleased to recollect that William Penn's elder 
 children were entitled to lands in Pennsylvania in right of their mother. 
 The following is part of a letter from Wm. Penn, Jr., after his return 
 to England, 1705-6. — L. 
 
 I have received yours of the 9th of November, and can assure you, 
 notwithstanding your complaints, I have writ twice since my arrival. 
 I must own I ought to have writ oftener, both on my own account as 
 well as that of friendship to you. I was large to the governor in my 
 last, as well as to you, and had put up a packet of pamphlets for you, 
 but find my father has not sent them. If I have time they shall come 
 by this opportunity. You must believe I cannot live here about a 
 court without expenses which my attendance occasion, and I must own 
 to you I never was so pinched in my life, wherefore must beg you to 
 endeavor all you can to send over my effects, with all the speed you 
 possibly can : I should choose bills rather than any other way, and I 
 think my chapman ought not to grudge to let me have bills for my 
 
 payment: the gold I had of Wm. Trent was not worth , of which 
 
 I design to send you a particular account. 
 
 I hear the prosecution against me still continues, and that they have 
 outlawed me upon it : I have complained to my father, who tells me 
 he has, and will now write about it, and that I shall have right done 
 me in it, which I do expect at your hands, I mean at the Quakers', 
 who are the people who have given me this affront; or else I shall 
 make use of a shorter cut to do myself justice, and will lay my com- 
 plaint before the Queen and council, which if they force me to, be 
 assured I shall make them dearly repent they ever made use of their 
 charter in such a manner as to use those people so ill that endeavored 
 to settle a militia according to law — that was partly the ground of 
 their quarrel with me, added to my not being of their opinion. 
 I would have you,well consider these things, and think how ill they 
 will sound in the ears of a government at home that are not of princi- 
 ples like yours, and who will aptly believe their inclination is as much 
 to persecution as others, durst they publicly own it. I should be sorry
 
 1704-5] CORRESPONDENCE. 369 
 
 clog of me, and he might direct the returns to be made as he 
 thought fit by his own agents ; for by bills of exchange it will 
 be very difficult, if not altogether impossible, till trade mend. I 
 request, if there be any hopes of prevailing, that this be heartily 
 labored, for this is the only way thou can be cleared without 
 tedious delays and great uneasiness. Thou might give orders 
 to send home vessels into Virginia and Maryland with goods 
 to purchase bills there, which, when obtained, perhaps may be 
 good for very little. I again earnestly beseech thee not to let 
 anything of this importance, and such as the business of the 
 lower counties, &c., lie unanswered and unregarded, when thy 
 own interest is so deeply concerned in them. 
 
 James Logan to Mrs. Letitia Aubrey. 
 [^£xfracf.'] Philadelphia, 12//^ \2th-m0., 1704-5. 
 
 .... Though his visit^ to us has unhappily made a great 
 change in his outward appearance, I would fain hope his unex- 
 pected return has wrought no great alteration in thy father's 
 affairs, or in their good understanding. He was barbarously 
 treated by that rascal David Lloyd .... but Griffith Jones, 
 being now mayor, carries matters with great' ease, and I hope 
 the temper of the people is generally mending, and am sure 
 
 they should force me to things quite contrary to my inclination ; but 
 as my honor has been injured, I am resolved to have justice done me, 
 or run all hazards, without consideration to relation, friend, or interest 
 in the country. 
 
 I desire you if possible to sell the remainder of my land there before 
 you send over, and make what returns you oan. Pray remember me 
 to all my friends. This to them and to yourself, that I am and ever 
 will be your affectionate friend, Wm. Penn, Jr. 
 
 P. S. — Pray put Isaac Norris and William Trent in mind of their 
 promise to send me over a pipe of old Madeira, which I shall take 
 kindly. My father has promised to write to you about my charges 
 there. If there be any extravagant ones, I am to bear them ; but as to 
 that of books, pocket money, and clothes, with the charges of the 
 voyage going and returning, he will allow. 
 
 To James Logan. 
 
 ^ [Her brother, William Penn, Jr., is here referred to. — Editor.] 
 VOL. I. — 25
 
 370 PENN AND LOGAN [1704-5, 
 
 thy father's circumstances require an alteration in them. Pray 
 give thyself the trouble of remembering us. A. Sh., an old 
 friend, is still as before, and hitherto unsuccessful. J. Growdon 
 is married to the widow Bulkly, and friend Richardson is to 
 have his daughter, my quondam, Owen has Sarah Sanders ; and 
 David Lloyd, God be thanked, is gone to Maryland, leaving an 
 acquaintance more happy than he once wished. The Lord 
 grant more wit to those that need it, and especially to 
 
 Thy assured and faithful friend and servant, J. L. 
 
 Isaac Norris to William Penn, Sen. 
 
 Philadelphia, 13M \2th-m0., 1704-5. 
 
 Honored Friend William Penn, Sen. — I embrace this con- 
 veyance, per my brother Zachary, to give thee my hearty re- 
 spects ; and since thou wast pleased formerly to allow it, I shall 
 give some hints at something which may perhaps slip more 
 important pens. 
 
 Thou hast, no doubt, a full account of all proceedings since 
 the arrival of our present lieutenant governor. It is far from 
 me to undertake the defence of our assembly ; but, as I heartily 
 wish (and while I was concerned, honestly endeavored) a good 
 understanding, so shall crave leave to give my opinion. 'Tis 
 to be doubted there are some who, by linking imaginary with 
 the true interests of the country, and therewith couch and cover 
 their own interests and disgusts, do so perplex affairs as to pre- 
 vent a good issue, and may almost give the honest and unde- 
 signing to despair of any reconciliation or progress to settle- 
 ment (as perhaps they think it their interest) under our present 
 establishment. 
 
 On the other side, I could wish a more ready condescension 
 to what is reasonable, just, and for the true interest of the place, 
 and that some punctilios were rather stept over, than that we 
 should be left thus open and naked, stripped of laws and priv- 
 ileges that might be some barrier to an arbitrary administration, 
 if such a one should unhappily be our lot. 
 
 In order to this, if we could hear what has become of our
 
 1704-5] CORRESPONDENCE. 37! 
 
 laws on your side, or rather that they were confirmed, for 't is 
 now muttered we have none, and by thy enemies aggravated as 
 design, by dropping what we had confirmed and making a body 
 of thy own, and then neglecting to present them to the Queen 
 (for I know not what interest ;) that since thou hast been 
 pleased to grant charters to province and city, (which proving a 
 bone, some could wish we were without,) but in this I am a 
 skeptic; that they may not be unseasonably oppugned by the 
 chief and other magistrates on pretence of weak and mal-ad- 
 ministrations ; that the dissolution that made so much heat the 
 first session be waived, as there now seems inclination to do, 
 (which, if it had been done at first, I am satisfied the designers 
 had not had their ends in that assembly,) and let the charter 
 of property, or somewhat like it, be confirmed by law ; and two 
 or three other good laws be made, which I need not be particular 
 in, and we may hope a happy conclusion. I add that I mean 
 this honestly and without the least design of an encroachment 
 on thy interest ; but as it may be safe, honorable to thee and thy 
 memory, which I can sincerely say I desire may be sweetly 
 handed to successive ages, not only as a worthy undertaker and 
 leader to the settlement, but as a kind supporter and preserver, 
 under God, to the people. 
 
 I beg excuse for being thus homely and plain, and leave to 
 add some things which unhappily give too much occasion, and 
 I fear will keep a handle in thy enemies' hands, which I would 
 fain have wrested out, and that is the impositions without law — 
 Ordinaries must pay about ;^8 a license — We have now addi- 
 tional charges and fees on our vessels — A small sloop, such as 
 could be formerly cleared for 34s., will now come to near £4 — 
 Great complaints from those concerned in lawsuits, of extrav- 
 agant fees. I wish the bill of fees had been perfected ere thy 
 going off, for now, having no law in the case, all do what is right 
 in their own eyes. 
 
 John Moore is collector; and, whether to appear the more just, 
 and thereby keep the office, I shall not determine, not only 
 weighs to a pound all tobacco, but refuses, notwithstanding the 
 scarcity of money, to take the duty in [kind], though the act of 
 Parliament expressly allows it; and further, whereas it has
 
 372 PENN AND LOGAN [1704-5. 
 
 always been usual here, as in England, that In case a loss 
 arise before the tobacco arrives at its intended port, we should 
 have liberty to ship off the like quantity for the same duty, he 
 refuses us this. We have none to complain to in the case but 
 thee, and hope thou wilt endeavor that we are not thus imposed 
 on, and made in a worse condition than our neighbors; and 
 notwithstanding Col. Quary, when we objected this to him, 
 promised we should not be harder dealt with, yet we shall find, 
 for all his endeavors, in Maryland and Virginia they ship off to- 
 bacco as formerly, and have and will cut us put of the Barbadoes 
 trade for that commodity. I also advise thee that Maryland 
 has not only laid an additional imposition upon liquors, but has 
 wholly prohibited bread, flour, horses, and tobacco, &c. No 
 doubt thou wilt have a copy of the law. I shall only observe, 
 in ipy poor opinion, .that as in general none of the plantations 
 ought to prohibit anything which the laws of trade allow, so 
 'tis barbarous or extremely ill-natured to prohibit bread, &c., 
 the staff of life. The Spaniard, who is as jealous of his trade 
 in the West Indies as of his wife at home, allows us to carry 
 them provisions in time of peace; and shall subjects of the same 
 crown be suffered to do thus? 
 
 After what I have said above, I do assure thee I have not the 
 least dissatisfaction to the governor, but love and honor him as 
 a gentleman of parts and worth ; and when more experience 
 has obliged him to con the proverb, " Qui nescit dissimulare, 
 nescit regnare," in its best sense, I doubt not his being as good 
 a governor as any in America. 
 
 I must now entreat a favorable construction of all I have 
 said, as intended for service of thy interest and the country's; 
 for although I have had for some time an inclination to write to 
 thee somewhat of this nature, yet through caution and fear having 
 forbore till the last hour of the post going out, I cannot be so 
 correct or intelligible as I could wish, or might have been on 
 second thought. 
 
 Our families are well. Sister Hill has another daughter, now 
 five days old, and like to do well. Being hastened, I must refer 
 to the intended bearer for any further news; and with mine
 
 1704-5-] CORRESPONDENCE. 373 
 
 and wife's hearty respects to thee, thy good wife, and all thine, 
 I conclude. 
 
 Thy cordial friend, Isaac Norris. 
 
 William Penn to Roger Mompesson. 
 
 i^ih i2th-nto., 1704-5. 
 
 Honored Friend: — It is a long time since I have been 
 obliged with any letter from thee, and then so short, that had 
 not others furnished me with thy American character, I had 
 been at a loss to answer the inquiries of thy friends; but by my 
 son I received one more copiously informing me of those affairs 
 that so nearly concern both the public and my personal and 
 family good ; and for answer to the greatest part thereof, I desire 
 thee to observe : First, that I am determined with God's help to 
 stand firmly to both, and for that reason will neither turn an 
 enemy to the public, nor suffer any under the style of the public 
 good to supplant mine. And as I take thee to be a man of law 
 and justice and honor, I do entirely refer my concerns, both as 
 to the legality and prudence thereof, not only in government 
 but property, to thy judicious and judicial issue, so as it may 
 hold water with thy most learned and honorable friends here 
 of both parties. I went thither to lay the foundation of a free 
 colony for all mankind, that should go thither, more especially 
 those of my own profession; not that I would lessen the civil 
 liberties of others because of their persuasion, but screen and 
 defend our own from any infringement on that account. 
 
 The charter I granted was intended to shelter them against a 
 violent or arbitrary governor imposed upon us ; but that they 
 should turn it against me, that intended their security thereby, 
 has something very unworthy and provoking in it, especially 
 when I alone have been at all the charge, as well as danger and 
 disappointment, in coming so abruptly back and defending our- 
 selves against our enemies here, and obtaining the Queen's gra- 
 cious approbation of a governor of my nominating and commis- 
 sioning, the thing they seemed so much to desire. But as a 
 father does not use to knock his children on the head when they
 
 374 PENN AND LOGAN [1704-5. 
 
 do amiss, so I had much rather they were corrected and better 
 instructed than treated to the rigor of their deservings. I there- 
 fore earnestly desire thee to consider of what methods law and 
 reason will justify, by which they may be made sensible of their 
 incroachments and presumption, that they may see themselves 
 in a true light, in their just proportions and dimensions, accord- 
 ing to the old saying, " Metiri se quemque suo modulo ac pede 
 verum est." No doubt but their follies have been frequent and 
 big enough in the city to vacate their charter, but that should 
 be the last thing, if anything else would do. I would hope that 
 in the abuse of power, punishing the immediate offenders should 
 instruct them to use it well. But doubtless the choice of David 
 Lloyd, both for speaker and recorder, after the affront he gave 
 in open court to the authority of the Crown in the late reign, 
 which he owned but never repented of, and for which the lords 
 justices of England commanded me to have him tried and pun- 
 ished, and to send them word what punishment I inflicted, as 
 
 also the choice of for , that confessed himself to defraud 
 
 the king of his customs, for which he is punishable at this day, 
 since " nullum tempus occurrit regi," are only ugly flaws on 
 their charter. 
 
 There is an excess of vanity that is apt to creep in upon 
 the people in power in America, who, having got out of the 
 crowd in which they were lost here, upon every little eminency 
 there, think nothing taller than themselves but the trees, and 
 as if there were no af^er superior judgment to which they should 
 be accountable ; so that I have sometimes thought that if there 
 was a law to oblige the people in power, in their respective col- 
 onies, to take turns in coming over for England, that they might 
 lose themselves again amongst the crowds of so much more 
 considerable people at the custom-house, exchange, and West- 
 minster Hall, they would exceedingly amend in their conduct 
 at their return, and be much more discreet and tractable, and fit 
 for government. In the mean time, pray help to prevent them 
 not to destroy themselves. Accept of my commission of chief 
 justice of Pennsylvania and the territories. Take them all to 
 task for their contempts, presumption, and riots. Let them know 
 and feel the just order and decency of government, and that
 
 I704--5.] CORRESPONDENCE. 375 
 
 they are not to command but to be commanded according to 
 law and constitution of English government. And till tho$e un- 
 worthy people that hindered an establishment upon thee as their 
 chief justice are amended or laid aside, so as thou art considered 
 by law to thy satisfaction, I freely allow thee twenty pounds each 
 session, which I take to be at spring and fall ; and at any extra- 
 ordinary session thou mayst be called from New York unto, upon 
 nice or weighty causes, having also thy viaticum discharged. Let 
 me entreat this as an act of friendship, and as a just and honor- 
 able man. More particulars expect by James Logan, for I per- 
 ceive time is not to be lost. 
 
 Now I must condole thy great loss in thy wife and own 
 brother, the particulars of which must refer thee to her own 
 brother and our common friend, C. Lawton. Thy letters in- 
 closed to me I delivered, and was well enough pleased to see 
 that one of them was directed to Lord S. I write no news, only 
 I find that moderation on this side of the water is a very recom- 
 mending qualification, as neither high church nor violent Whig 
 seem to be the inclination and choice of the ministry. I wish 
 our people on your side had no worse disposition. 
 
 I cannot conclude this letter till I render thee, as I now do, 
 my hearty acknowledgments for all the good advice thou hast 
 given for the public and my private good, especially thy senti- 
 ments to the governor, upon those three preposterous bills, 
 foolishly as well as insolently presented him by David Lloyd, 
 the last assembly: let him part with nothing that is mine, for 
 had he passed them, they would never have been confirmed 
 here, but he might have spoiled himself. What a bargain should 
 I have made for my government with the Crown, after such a 
 bill had taken from me the very power I should dispose of? I 
 will say no more at this time, but that I am, with just regards, 
 thy very affectionate and faithful friend, William Penn. 
 
 Hyde Park, ly/A \2th-7no., {Feb'y,) 1704-5. 
 
 P. S. — Since writing the above, I am assured by thy friends 
 there is no prevailing for the salary formerly allowed to the 
 chief justice of York, and I fear that government under the pres- 
 ent management is under a very ill circumstance with the min-
 
 3/6 PENN AND LOGAN 1^704-$-, 
 
 istry at home. I shall order James Logan to consider thy ser- 
 vices to ours, since thy arrival. W. P. 
 
 P. S. — The reason why I use another hand is my late indis- 
 position, which has left me incapable to write myself. But I 
 bless Almighty God I am something better. W. P. 
 
 [Added in VV. Penn's own hand :] 
 
 Lord Cornbury writ for Col. Quary about the admiralty busi- 
 ness in thy disfavor, to his father, who followed his son's desires 
 to thy disadvantage, of whom we hear the worst of things, be 
 they true or false.^ 
 
 James Logan to William Penn. 
 
 1704-5. 
 
 I have mentioned in the first sheet ^ our greater ease in the 
 government, and a more pacific temper that seems growing on 
 the people, so that this winter has passed the most smoothly 
 of any time I have known in this government. Nor is it owing, 
 I believe, wholly to the season and its severity, that has bound 
 up most men in their habitations ; but there seems to be grow- 
 ing on the inhabitants, in the main, much better inclinations ; 
 which could we have the same success in Portugal as in Bavaria, 
 I believe would greatly increase upon us, for 't is Spain that must 
 support us, and easy circumstances seldom fail of superinducing 
 good nature. Yet, one thing creates to me still no small uneasi- 
 ness ; which is the charge of our housekeeping, and the thoughts 
 that all the present emoluments of the governor will by no 
 means defray it, though we endeavor to make the best of it; but 
 a good assembly may in some measure make amends for it, if 
 thou still thinks fit to continue it as it is. 
 
 I cannot possibly finish a rent-roll, as desired: 'tis a mighty 
 
 * When Lord Cornbury was appointed to the government of New 
 York and the Jerseys, John Askew wrote to a friend in the country 
 that he came partly to get money, for that his quality greatly exceeded 
 his purse, and adds, "the Duke of Norfolk and some other nobility, no/ 
 of much service, died this spring," (1701.) — L. 
 
 *This is but part of a letter; the first sheet cannot be found. — L.
 
 1704-5] CORRESPONDENCE. 377 
 
 work as I carry it on, and will make many quires of paper. I 
 never promised it that I know of, as thou art pleased to men- 
 tion ; but I shall drive it on to my utmost, though the want of 
 a good writer is a hardship, and fit hands to be assistant, of 
 which I have great reason to complain, as well as that the mat- 
 ter itself will by no means afford encouragement. By next post, 
 if there be a probability of its reaching the fleet, of which I do 
 not despair, I design to write to Joseph Pike, that haughty as 
 well as angry man, by which the author of those heats may 
 gain no more than he has by some other of his equally base 
 attacks upon me. I shall be very moderate, but must do myself 
 justice ; but I must close, &c. J. L.
 
 APPENDIX. 
 
 Note. — Page 271. 
 
 Extracts from a Report of the Lords Commissioners of Trade 
 AND Plantations, to the House of Commons. Dated ye 27TH 
 OF March, 1701. 
 
 WE have on many occasions represented to his majesty, as we did 
 likewise in our report to the late House of Commons, the state of 
 such plantations in America as are under the government of proprietors 
 and charters, and how inconsistent such governments are with the trade 
 and welfare of this kingdom. 
 
 That these Colonies in general have no ways answered the chief 
 design for which such large tracts of land and privileges and immuni- 
 ties were granted by the crown. 
 
 That they have not conformed themselves to the several acts of 
 Parliament for regulating trade and navigation, to which they ought to 
 pay the same obedience and submit to the same restrictions as the other 
 plantations, which are subject to his majesty's immediate governments, 
 though on the contrary in most of these proprietary and charter gov- 
 ernments, the Governors have not applied themselves to his majesty 
 for his approbation, nor have taken the oaths required by the Acts of 
 Trade, both which qualifications are made necessary by the late act for 
 preventing frauds and regulating abuses in the plantation trade. 
 
 That they have assumed to themselves a power to make laws con- 
 trary and repugnant to the laws of England, and directly prejudicial to 
 our trade, some of them having refused to send hither such laws as they 
 have there enacted, or have sent them very imperfectly. 
 
 That divers of them having denied appeals to his majesty in council, 
 by which not only the inhabitants of those Colonies, but others, his 
 majesty's subjects, are deprived of that benefit enjoyed in the planta- 
 tions, under his majesty's immediate government, and the parties 
 aggrieved without remedy from the illegal proceedings of their courts. 
 
 379
 
 380 APPENDIX. 
 
 That these Colonies continue to be the refuge and retreat of pirates 
 and illegal traders, and the receptacle of goods imported thither from 
 foreign parts, contrary to the law, no return of which commodities, 
 those (obliterated) all of which is much encouraged by their not admit- 
 ting of appeals, as aforesaid. 
 
 That by raising and lowering their coin from time to time, to their 
 particular advantage, and the prejudice of other Colonies, by exempt- 
 ing their inhabitants from duties and customs to which the other Col- 
 onies are subject, and by harboring of servants and fugitives, these 
 governments tend greatly to the undermining the trade of the other 
 plantations, and entice and draw away the people thereof, which 
 diminution of hands in Colonies more beneficial to the crown, and do 
 very much (obliterated). Independent Colonies do turn the course 
 of trade to (obliterated) propagating woollens and other manufactures 
 proper to England, and not of applying their thoughts and endeavors 
 to such as are fit to be encouraged in those parts, according to the true 
 design and intention of those settlements. 
 
 That these governments do not put themselves in a state of defence 
 against an enemy, nor do they sufficiently provide themselves with arms 
 and ammunition, many of them not having a regular militia, being no 
 otherwise at present but in a state of anarchy and confusion. To 
 cure these and other great mischiefs in these Colonies, and to introduce 
 such administration of government and fit regulations of trade as may 
 make them duly subservient and useful to England, we have humbly 
 offered our opinion that the charters of several proprietors and other 
 instituting them to a right of government, should be resumed to the 
 crown, and these Colonies put into the same state of dependency as 
 those of his majesty's other plantations, without further prejudice to 
 every man's particular property and freehold, which we conceive cannot 
 otherwise be well effected than by the legislative power of this kingdom.
 
 /^ 
 
 
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