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SCHOOL OIvASSICS 
 
 EDITED UNDER THE SUPERVISION OF 
 
 JOHN TETLOW 
 
 THE FIRST AND SECOND BOOKS 
 
 OviD^s Metamorphoses 
 
 OVID'S AUTOBIOGRAPHY 
 
 EDITED FOR THE USE OF SCHOOLS 
 
 BY 
 
 WILLIAM T. PECK, D.Sc. 
 
 PRINCIPAL OF THE CLASSICAL HIGH SCHOOL, PROVIDENCE, R.I« 
 
 BOSTON, U.S.A. 
 GINN & COMPANY, PUBLISHERS 
 
 1901 
 
Copyright, 1900 
 By WILLIAM T. PECK 
 
 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 
 
PREFACE. 
 
 This book conforms to the general plan of the series 
 of School Classics. A limited portion of the Metamor- 
 phoses has been selected, with the expectation that other 
 volumes will follow, thus enabling the teacher at different 
 times to read from various parts of the poem. Some 
 omissions have been made in the first and second books 
 of passages not adapted for reading in the secondary 
 schools, but not in sufficient amount to render obscure 
 the continuity of the work. This important matter is 
 also helped by a brief summary in English of the omitted 
 passages. 
 
 While certain schools with a long course in Latin read 
 from twenty-five hundred to three thousand lines of Ovid, 
 there are many others that can read but fifteen hundred 
 lines. Some model programs and reports call for the 
 latter number. This book, therefore, has been made to 
 contain fifteen hundred lines by the addition of Ovid's 
 Autobiography, which not only serves as a basis for the 
 study of Ovid's life, but also introduces the student to 
 the elegiac pentameter. 
 
IV PREFACE. 
 
 The editor gratefully acknowledges the assistance of 
 Dr. John Tetlow, head-master of the Girls' High and 
 Latin Schools, Boston. Thanks are due to Professor 
 Winslow Upton of Brown University for his kindness in 
 permitting maps from his excellent Star Atlas to be 
 adapted to the needs of this book, and also to Herbert 
 E. Drake, A.M., teacher of Latin and Greek in the 
 Classical High School, Providence, who aided in reading 
 the proofs. 
 
 WILLIAM T. PECK. 
 
 Providence, R.I., 
 
 November, 1899. 
 
10 . V Ul ij 
 
 .\ \ 'A A >] II i \ ;l 
 
CONTENTS. 
 
 PAGE 
 
 Introduction vii 
 
 Text i 
 
 Notes 6i 
 
 Table of Gods and Heroes loi 
 
 Word-Groups 103 
 
 Vocabulary . . .127 
 
INTRODUCTION. 
 
 PuBLius OviDius Naso was born at Sulmo, in Italy, 
 on the 2oth of March, b.c. 43, and died in exile at Torai, 
 on the Euxine Sea, in the sixtieth year of his age, a.d. 17. 
 The main points of the story of his life are given in his 
 Autobiography and need not be told here. It should be 
 added that he studied in Athens, where he mastered the 
 Greek language, and that he traveled extensively in Asia 
 Minor and Sicily. He was a cultured Roman gentleman, 
 fond of pleasure and society. He wrote with ease and in 
 a strain in harmony with his life and character. 
 
 Ovid delighted in calling himself the poet of love, and 
 the principal works of his earlier years were the Amoves^ 
 consisting of forty-nine poems ; the Heroides, composed 
 of twenty-one letters, mostly represented to have been 
 written by heroines of Greek poetry to their husbands ; 
 the Ars Amatoria ; and the Remedia Amoris. These poems 
 are all in the elegiac verse. Between his fortieth and 
 fiftieth year he wrote the Metamorphoses and the Fasti. 
 The latter, an elegiac poem of six books, a sort of calendar 
 with a book for each of the first six months of the year, 
 explaining the festal days and the religious rites and 
 customs of the Romans, was not finished at the time of 
 
viii INTRODUCTION. 
 
 his exile. The principal works written during his banish- 
 ment were the Tristia, consisting of five books, and the 
 Epistolae ex Fonto, of four. Both are elegiac poems and 
 either tell of his sorrowful condition, or contain prayers 
 for his deliverance. His Autobiography is the tenth elegy 
 of the fourth book of the Tristia. 
 
 The Metamorphoses^ written in the dactylic, or heroic, 
 verse and almost an heroic poem in matter as well as in 
 form, comprising about twelve thousand lines in fifteen 
 books, is his most extensive and most important work. 
 It is the great storehouse in the Latin language of Greek 
 myth and legend. The ancients, intimate with nature and 
 wondering at her mysteries, often felt that man or god 
 was concealed beneath her visible appearance. Ovid 
 gathers together the marvelous stories of the changes of 
 man or god to other forms and, combining with them the 
 accounts of natural phenomena and poetic legend, forms 
 one continuous song from the creation of the world to the 
 change of Julius Caesar to a star. The stories are joined 
 together with great skill, for though the poet apparently 
 follows an order of time, yet a suggestion of name, or 
 character, or change easily and naturally leads him to 
 another myth. This will be clearly shown by an analysis 
 of the first and second books. 
 
 The first book comprises the story of the change from 
 chaos to an orderly world and the formation of man ; the 
 four ages of deterioration ; the wickedness of man, and 
 especially of Lycaon, who was changed to a wolf ; the 
 destruction of mankind by the flood ; the saving of Deuca- 
 lion and Pyrrha, by whom the race was restored from the 
 
INTRODUCTION. ix 
 
 stones; the evolution of living forms from the earth and 
 of the serpent Python from the mud of the deluge ; his 
 slaughter by Apollo ; the greater power of Cupid's arrows ; 
 Apollo's love for Daphne, the daughter of Peneus, and 
 her transformation into the laurel; the failure of Inachus 
 to sympathize with Peneus on account of the fate of his 
 own daughter lo ; the giving of lo changed to a heifer 
 to Juno, who placed her under the care of the hundred- 
 eyed Argus; the slaughter of Argus by Mercury, who 
 lulled him to sleep by the story of Syrinx ; the banish- 
 ment of lo to Egypt, where she became the goddess Isis ; 
 and finally the charge of Epaphus, the son of lo, that 
 Phaethon was not the son of Apollo. 
 
 The second book comprises the visit of Phaethon to 
 Apollo ; his unfortunate ride in his father's chariot ; the 
 search of Clymene, his mother, for Phaethon 's grave ; the 
 change of the Heliades into trees on account of their 
 grief for Phaethon ; the change of Cycnus into a swan for 
 a like reason ; the return of Phoebus to the control of his 
 chariot at the command of Jupiter ; the examination by 
 Jupiter of the destruction caused by the disastrous ride, 
 especially in Arcadia ; the change of Callisto into a bear 
 through the jealousy of Juno ; the placing of Callisto and 
 Areas as constellations in the sky ; the prevention of their 
 bathing in the sea by Juno, who drove from the sea to 
 the sky with her peacocks; the change of the raven from 
 white to black for divulging the faithlessness of Coronis, 
 suggested by the change in the peacock ; the like change 
 of the crow, and the change of Nyctimene to an owl ; the 
 carrying of the son of Coronis to the centaur Chiron ; the 
 
X INTRODUCTION. 
 
 change of the centaur's daughter to a mare ; the prayer 
 of Chiron to Apollo, who was tending cattle in Elis; the 
 stealing of the cattle by Mercury ; the change of Battus, 
 the witness of the theft, to a stone ; the love of Mercury 
 for Herse in Attica; the visit of Envy sent by Minerva 
 to Aglauros, Herse's sister ; the change of Aglauros to 
 stone ; the sending of Mercury by Jupiter to Sidon ; and 
 finally the carrying of Europa thence by Jupiter, who 
 appeared in the form of a bull. 
 
 The myths, as related by Ovid, are often alluded to in 
 English literature. Therefore the study of Ovid is of 
 great value for a better understanding of these allusions, 
 while on the other hand, the gathering and reading of the 
 passages in English literature containing them add much 
 to the interest in the study of Ovid. Spenser is rich in 
 mythological allusions. References to the gods and 
 heroes of the myths in Shakespeare, Milton, and Pope 
 may be found by consulting the various dictionaries and 
 concordances of those authors. Works that may be read 
 with profit in connection with the first and second books 
 of Ovid's Metamorphoses are James Russell Lowell's A 
 Fable for Critics (story of Daphne in the Introduction), 
 Fredrick Tennyson's Daphne^ John G. Saxe's Phaethon^ 
 and Andrew Lang's Theocritus^ Bion, and Moschus (story 
 of Europa in Moschus^. The myths form the starting 
 points for Bayard Taylor's Prince Deukalion, and Lewis 
 Morris's Epic of Hades. Versions of Ovid's legends, 
 together with many other legends of the same gods and 
 heroes, may be found in Gayley's Classic Myths in 
 English Literature^ where there are numerous references 
 
INTRODUCTION. xi 
 
 to English authors and to works of art. The book should 
 be a constant companion in the study of Ovid. 
 
 The meter of the Metamorphoses is the dactylic hex- 
 ameter. It is the meter of Homer's Iliad and Vergil's 
 Aeneid. It is occasionally employed in English, as in 
 Longfellow's Evangeline. 
 
 Hdlf-way | ddwn to the | shore || E | vdngeline | waited in | 
 silence. 
 
 In English the rhythm of the verse depends upon the 
 accent of the words ; in Latin, upon the quantity of the 
 syllables. 
 
 In nova | fert ani | mus || mu | tatas | dicere | formas. 
 \j ^ \j\j — — WW — — 
 
 The dactyl (_^w), so called from the Greek Soiktv- 
 Xos, finger^ as the syllables correspond in number and 
 length to the joints of the finger, gives the rhythmic 
 character to the verse. In the sixth foot the dactyl 
 
 either is replaced by the spondee ( ) or is incomplete 
 
 and appears as an irrational spondee (_w). In the 
 other feet the spondee may be used instead of the 
 dactyl (though seldom in the fifth foot, when the verse 
 is called spondaic). Whenever a word ends within a foot 
 there is a slight pause, or caesura. The principal caesura 
 is either in the third foot or in the fourth with a slighter 
 one in the second. If the caesura is after the long syl- 
 lable of a foot, it is called masculine ; if between the two 
 short syllables, feminine. 
 
 A correct quantitative pronunciation of the vowels and 
 an appreciation of the efifect of a combination of conso- 
 
xii INTRODUCTION. 
 
 nants on the quantity of syllables will render the reading 
 of verse easy. In addition it should be observed that a 
 final syllable ending in a consonant before a word begin- 
 ning with a consonant is affected as if the combination 
 of consonants were in the same word, and that a final 
 syllable ending in a vowel or ;;/ before a word beginning 
 with a vowel or h is so slurred in pronunciation that it is 
 not regarded as a syllable of the foot. 
 
 The elegiac meter, in which the Tristia are written, is a 
 distich or couplet consisting of an hexameter and a pen- 
 tameter. The pentameter consists of two feet and one 
 half, in which there may be either dactyls or spondees, 
 followed by a caesura and then two feet and one half, 
 in which there may be only dactyls. 
 
 Ille ego I qui fue | rim, || tene | rosum | lusor a | morum, 
 quern legis, | ut no | ris, || accipe | posteri | tas. 
 
{' V ! I', 1! 
 
 L I i 
 
OVID'S AUTOBIOGRAPHY. 
 
 TRISTIUM LIBER QUARTUS. 
 
 X. 
 
 Ille ego qui fuerim, tenerorum lusor amorum, 
 
 quem legis, ut noris, accipe posteritas. 
 Sulmo mihi patria est, gelidis uberrimus undis, 
 
 milia qui novies distat ab Urbe decern. 
 Editus hie ego sum, nee non ut tempora noris, 5 
 
 cum cecidit fato consul uterque pari. 
 Siquid id est, usque a proavis vetus ordinis heres, 
 
 non modo fortunae munere factus eques. 
 Nee stirps prima fui ; genito sum fratre creatus, 
 
 qui tribus ante quater mensibus ortus erat. lo 
 
 Lucifer amborum natalibus adfuit idem ; 
 
 una celebrata est per duo liba dies. 
 Haec est armiferae festis de quinque Minervae 
 
 quae fieri pugna prima cruenta solet. 
 Protinus excolimur teneri, curaque parentis '5 
 
 imus ad insignes Urbis ab arte viros. 
 P'rater ad eloquium viridi tendebat ab aevo, 
 
 fortia verbosi natus ad arma fori ; 
 
2 TRISTIUM IV. X. 19-78. 
 
 at mihi, iam puero caelestia sacra placebant, 
 
 inquv^ suum furtiiiii Musa trahebat opus. 20 
 
 ,Saepe, pater, dixit, * Stu^iurn quid inutile temptas ? 
 \ :iVr<i^onides nt^llas ip^sereliljuit opes/ 
 Motus eram dictis, totoque Helicone relicto 
 
 scribere temptabam verba soluta modis. 
 Sponte sua carmen numeros veniebat ad aptos, 25 
 
 et quod temptabam scribere, versus erat. 
 Interea tacito passu labentibus annis 
 
 liberior fratri sumpta mihique toga est, 
 induiturque umeris cum lato purpura clavo, 
 
 et studium nobis quod fuit ante, manet. 30 
 
 lamque decem vitae frater geminaverat annos, 
 
 cum perit, et coepi parte carere mei. 
 Cepimus et tenerae primos aetatis honores, 
 
 eque viris quondam pars tribus una fui. 
 Curia restabat. Clavi mensura coacta est ; 35 
 
 mains erat nostris viribus illud onus. 
 Nee patiens corpus, nee mens fuit apta labori, 
 
 sollicitaeque fugax ambitionis eram. 
 Et petere Aoniae suadebant tuta sorores 
 
 otia, iudicio semper amata meo. 40 
 
 Temporis illius colui fovique poetas, 
 
 quotque aderant vates, rebar adesse deos. 
 Saepe suas volucres legit mihi grandior aevo, 
 
 quaeque nocet serpens, quae iuvat herba, Macer. 
 Saepe suos solitus recitare Propertius ignes 45 
 
 iure sodalicii, quo mihi iunctus erat. 
 Ponticus heroo, Bassus quoque clarus iambis 
 
 dulcia convictus membra fuere mei. 
 
AUTOBIOGRAPHY. 3 
 
 Et tenuit nostras numerosus Horatius aures 
 
 dum ferit Ausonia carmina culta lyra. 5^ 
 
 Vergilium vidi tantum ; nee amara Tibullo 
 
 tempus amieitiae fata dedere meae. 
 Sueeessor fuit hie tibi, Galle ; Propertius illi ; 
 
 quartus ab his serie temporis ipse fui. 
 Utque ego maiores, sie me coluere minores, 55 
 
 notaque non tarde facta Thalia mea est. 
 Carmina cum primum populo iuvenalia legi, 
 
 barba resecta mihi bisve semelve fuit. 
 Moverat ingenium totam cantata per Urbem 
 
 nomine non vero dicta Corinna mihi. 6o 
 
 Multa quidem scripsi ; sed quae vitiosa putavi, 
 
 emendaturis ignibus ipse dedi. 
 Tunc quoque, cum fugerem, quaedam placitura cremavi, 
 
 iratus studio carminibusque meis. 
 Molle Cupidineis nee inexpugnabile telis 65 
 
 cor mihi, quodque levis causa moveret, erat. 
 Cum tamen hie essem, minimoque accenderer igni, 
 
 nomine sub nostro fabula nulla fuit. 
 Paene mihi puero nee digna nee utilis uxor 
 
 est data, quae tempus per breve nupta fuit. 7° 
 
 Illi successit, quamvis sine crimine coniunx, 
 
 non tamen in nostro firma futura toro. 
 Ultima, quae mecum seros permansit in annos, 
 
 sustinuit coniunx exsulis esse viri. 
 Filia me mea bis prima fecunda iuventa, 75 
 
 sed non ex uno coniuge, fecit avum. 
 Et iam complerat genitor sua fata, novemque 
 
 addiderat lustris altera lustra novem. 
 
4 TRISTIUM IV. X. 79-132. 
 
 Non aliter flevi quam me fleturus ademptum 
 
 ille fuit. Matri proxima iusta tuli. 80 
 
 Felices ambo tempestiveque sepulti, 
 
 ante diem poenae quod periere meae ! 
 Me quoque felicem, quod non viventibus illis 
 
 sum miser, et de me quod doluere nihil ! 
 Si tamen exstinctis aliquid nisi nomina restat, 85 
 
 et gracilis structos effugit umbra rogos, 
 fama, parentales, si vos mea contigit, umbrae, 
 
 et sunt in Stygio crimina nostra foro, 
 scite, precor, causam — nee vos mihi fallere fas est — 
 
 errorem iussae, non scelus, esse fugae. 90 
 
 Manibus hoc satis est. Ad vos, studiosa, revertor, 
 
 pectora, quae vitae quaeritis acta meae. 
 lam mihi canities pulsis melioribus annis 
 
 venerat, antiquas miscueratque comas, 
 postque meos ortus Pisaea vinctus oliva 95 
 
 abstulerat decies praemia victor eques, 
 cum maris Euxini positos ad laeva Tomitas 
 
 quaerere me laesi principis ira iubet. 
 Causa meae cunctis nimium quoque nota ruinae 
 
 indicio non est testificanda meo. 100 
 
 Quid referam comitumque nef as f amulosque nocentes ? 
 
 Ipsa multa tuli non leviora fuga. 
 Indignata malis mens est succumbere, seque 
 
 praestitit invictam, viribus usa suis. 
 Oblitusque mei ductaeque per otia vitae 105 
 
 insolita cepi temporis arma manu. 
 Totque tuli casus pelago terraque quot inter 
 
 occultum stellae conspicuumque polum. 
 
AUTOBIOGRAPHY. 5 
 
 Tacta mihi tandem longis erroribus acto 
 
 iuncta pharetratis Sarmatis ora Getis. no 
 
 Hie ego finitimis quamvis circumsoner armis, 
 
 tristia, quo possum, carmine fata levo. 
 Quod quamvis nemo est cuius referatur ad aures, 
 
 sic tamen absumo decipioque diem. 
 Ergo quod vivo, durisque laboribus obsto, 115 
 
 nee me sollieitae taedia lueis habent, 
 gratia, Musa, tibi ! Nam tu solacia praebes, 
 
 tu eurae requies, tu medieina venis. 
 Tu dux et comes es. Tu nos abducis ab Histro, 
 
 in medioque mihi das Helicone locum. 120 
 
 Tu mihi, quod rarum est, vivo sublime dedisti 
 
 nomen, ab exsequiis quod dare fama solet. 
 Nee, qui detrectat praesentia, Livor iniquo 
 
 ullum de nostris dente momordit opus. 
 Nam tulerint magnos cum saecula nostra poetas, 125 
 
 non fuit ingenio fama maligna meo. 
 Cumque ego praeponam multos mihi, non minor illis 
 
 dicor et in toto plurimus orbe legor. 
 Siquid habent igitur vatum praesagia veri, 
 
 protinus ut moriar, non ero, terra, tuus. 130 
 
 Sive favore tuli, sive hane ego carmine famam, 
 
 iure tibi grates, candide lector, ago. 
 
AMORUM I. XV. 33-42. 
 
 AMORUM I. XV. 
 
 Cedant carminibus reges regumque triumphi, 
 
 cedat et auriferi ripa benigna Tagi. 
 Vilia miretur vulgus. Mihi flavus Apollo 35 
 
 pocula Castalia plena ministret aqua, 
 sustineamque coma metuentem frigora myrtum ; 
 
 atque ita sollicito multus amante legar. 
 Pascitur in vivis Livor. Post fata quiescit, 
 
 cum suus ex merito quemque tuetur honos. 40 
 
 Ergo etiam cum me supremus adederit ignis, 
 
 vivam, parsque mei multa superstes erit. 
 
p. OVIDII NASONIS 
 METAMORPHOSEON 
 
 LIBER PRIMUS. 
 
 In nova fert animus mutatas dicere formas 
 corpora. Di, coeptis — nam vos mutastis — et iliac 
 aspirate meis, primaque ab origine mundi 
 ad mea perpetuum deducite tempora carmen. 
 
 Ante mare et terras et, quod tegit omnia, caelum 5 
 unus erat toto naturae vultus in orbe, 
 quem dixere chaos : rudis indigestaque moles, 
 nee quicquam nisi pondus iners congestaque eodem 
 non bene iunctarum discordia semina rerum. 
 Nullus adhuc mundo praebebat lumina Titan, lo 
 
 nee nova crescendo reparabat cornua Phoebe, 
 nee circumfuso pendebat in acre tellus 
 ponderibus librata suis, nee bracchia longo 
 margine terrarum porrexerat Amphitrite. 
 Utque erat et tellus illic et pontus et aer, 15 
 
 sic erat instabilis tellus, innabilis unda, 
 lucis egens aer. NuUi sua forma manebat, 
 obstabatque aliis aliud, quia corpore in uno 
 frigida pugnabant calidis, umentia siccis, 
 mollia cum duris, sine pondere habentia pondus. 20 
 
 Hanc deus et melior litem natura diremit ; 
 nam caelo terras et terris abscidit undas 
 
 7 
 
8 METAMORPHOSEON I. 23-82. 
 
 et liquidum spisso secrevit ab acre caelum. 
 
 Quae postquam evolvit caecoque exemit acervo, 
 
 dissociata locis concordi pace ligavit. 25 
 
 Ignea convex! vis et sine pondere caeli 
 
 emicuit summaque locum sibi fecit in arce ; 
 
 proximus est aer illi levitate locoque ; 
 
 densior his tellus elementaque grandia traxit 
 
 et pressa est gravitate sua ; circumfluus umor 30 
 
 ultima possedit solidumque coercuit orbem. 
 
 Sic ubi dispositam, quisquis fuit ille deorum, 
 congeriem secuit sectamque in membra redegit, 
 principio terram, ne non aequalis ab omni 
 parte foret, magni speciem glomeravit in orbis. 35 
 
 Tum freta diffudit rapidisque tumescere ventis 
 iussit et ambitae circumdare litora terrae. 
 Addidit et fontes et stagna immensa lacusque, 
 fluminaque obliquis cinxit declivia ripis, 
 quae, diversa locis, partim sorbentur ab ipsa, 40 
 
 in mare perveniunt partim, campoque recepta 
 liberioris aquae pro ripis litora pulsant. 
 Iussit et extendi campos, subsidere valles, 
 fronde tegi silvas, lapidosos surgere montes. 
 Utque duae dextra caelum totidemque sinistra 45 
 
 parte secant zonae, quinta est ardentior illis ; 
 sic onus inclusum numero distinxit eodem 
 cura dei, totidemque plagae tellure premuntur. 
 Quarum quae media est, non est habitabilis aestu ; 
 nix tegit alta duas ; totidem inter utramque locavit, 50 
 temperiemque dedit mixta cum frigore flamma. 
 
 Imminet his aer ; qui, quanto est pondere terrae 
 
MUNDI ORIGO. ' 9 
 
 pondus aquae levius, tanto est onerosior igni. 
 
 Illic et nebulas, illic consistere nubes 
 
 iussit, et humanas motura tonitrua mentes 55 
 
 et cum fulminibus facientes frigora ventos. 
 
 His quoque non passim mundi fabricator habendum 
 
 aera permisit. Vix nunc obsistitur illis, 
 
 cum sua quisque regant diverse flamina tractu, 
 
 quin lament mundum ; tanta est discordia fratrum. 60 
 
 Eurus ad auroram Nabataeaque regna recessit 
 
 Persidaque et radiis iuga subdita matutinis. 
 
 Vesper et occiduo quae litora sole tepescunt, 
 
 proxima sunt zephyro. Scythiam septemque trionem 
 
 horrifer invasit boreas. Contraria tellus 65 
 
 nubibus adsiduis pluvioque madescit ab austro. 
 
 Haec super imposuit liquidum et gravitate carentem 
 
 aethera nee quicquam terrenae faecis habentem. 
 
 Vix ita limitibus dissaepserat omnia certis, 
 cum, quae pressa diu massa latuere sub ilia, 7° 
 
 sidera coeperunt toto effervescere caelo. 
 Neu regio foret ulla suis animantibus orba, 
 astra tenent caeleste solum formaeque deorum, 
 cesserunt nitidis habitandae piscibus undae, 
 terra feras cepit, volucres agitabilis aer. 75 
 
 Sanctius his animal mentisque capacius altae 
 deerat adhuc, et quod dominari in cetera posset. 
 Natus homo est : sive hunc divino semine fecit 
 ille opifex rerum, mundi melioris origo* 
 sive recens tellus seductaque nuper ab alto 80 
 
 aethere cognati retinebat semina caeli ; 
 quam satus lapeto, mixtam fluvialibus undis, 
 
10 METAMORPHOSEON I. 83-142. 
 
 finxit in effigiem moderantum cuncta deoru^l^ 
 
 Pronaque cum spectent animalia cetera terram, 
 
 OS homini sublime dedit, caelumque videre 85 
 
 iussit et erectos ad sidera tollere vultus. 
 
 Sic, modo quae fuerat rudis et sine imagine, tellus 
 
 induit ignotas hominum con versa figuras. 
 
 Aurea prima sata est aetas, quae vindice nullo, 
 sponte sua, sine lege fidem rectumque colebat. 9° 
 
 Poena metusque aberant, nee verba minacia fixo 
 aere legebantur, nee supplex turba timebat 
 iudicis ora sui, sed erant sine vindice tuti. 
 Nondum caesa suis, peregrinum ut viseret orbem, 
 montibus in liquidas pinus descenderat undas, 95 
 
 nullaque mortales praeter sua litora norant. 
 Nondum praecipites cingebant oppida fossae ; 
 non tuba directi, non aeris cornua flexi, 
 non galeae, non ensis erant ; sine militis usu 
 mollia securae peragebant otia gentes. 100 
 
 Ipsa quoque immunis rastroque intacta nee ullis 
 saucia vomeribus per se dabat omnia tellus ; 
 contentique cibis nullo cogente creatis 
 arbuteos fetus montanaque fraga legebant 
 cornaque et in duris haerentia mora rubetis 105 
 
 et quae deciderant patula lovis arbore glandes. 
 Ver erat aeternum, placidique tepentibus auris 
 mulcebant zephyri natos sine semine flores. 
 Mox etiam fruges tellus inarata ferebat, 
 nee renovatus ager gravidis canebat aristis ; "o 
 
 flumina iam lactis, iam flumina nectaris ibant, 
 flavaque de viridi stillabant ilice mella. 
 
QUATTUOR AETATES. 11 
 
 Postquam Saturno tenebrosa in Tartara misso 
 sub love mundus erat, subiit argentea proles, 
 auro deterior, fulvo pretiosior aere. "5 
 
 luppiter antiqui contraxit tempora veris, 
 perque hiemes aestusque et inaequales autumnos 
 et breve ver spatiis exegit quattuor annum. 
 Turn primum siccis aer fervoribus ustus 
 canduit, et ventis glacies astricta pependit. 120 
 
 Turn primum subiere domus. Domus antra fuerunt 
 et densi frutices et vinctae cortice virgae. 
 Semina tum primum longis Cerealia sulcis 
 obruta sunt, pressique iugo gemuere iuvenci. 
 
 Tertia post illam successit aenea proles, 125 
 
 saevior ingeniis et ad horrida promptior arma, 
 non scelerata tamen. De dure est ultima ferro. 
 Protinus inrupit venae peioris in aevum 
 omne nefas : fugere pudor verumque fidesque ; 
 in quorum subiere locum fraudesque dolique 13° 
 
 insidiaeque et vis et amor sceleratus habendi. 
 Vela dabant ventis, nee adhuc bene noverat illos 
 navita ; quaeque diu steterant in montibus altis, 
 fluctibus ignotis insultavere carinae. 
 
 Communemque prius ceu lumina solis et auras i35 
 
 cautus humum longo signavit limite mensor. 
 Nee tantum segetes alimentaque debita dives 
 poscebatur humus, sed itum est in viscera terrae : 
 quasque recondiderat Stygiisque admoverat umbris, 
 effodiuntur opes, inritamenta malorum. Mo 
 
 lamque nocens ferrum ferroque nocentius aurum 
 prodierat ; prodit bellum, quod pugnat utroque 
 
12 METAMORPHOSEON I. 143-186. 
 
 sanguineaque manu crepitantia concutit arma. 
 
 Vivitur ex rapto ; non hospes ab hospite tutus, 
 
 non socer a genero; fratrum quoque gratia rara est. 145 
 
 Imminet exitio vir coniugis, ilia mariti ; 
 
 lurida terribiles miscent aconita novercae ; 
 
 filius ante diem patrios inquirit in annos. 
 
 Victa iacet pietas, et Virgo caede madentes, 
 
 ultima caelestum, terras Astraea reliquit. 150 
 
 Neve foret terris securior arduus aether, 
 adfectasse ferunt regnum caeleste Gigantas 
 altaque congestos struxisse ad sidera montes. 
 Tum pater omnipotens misso perfregit Olympum 
 fulmine et excussit subiectae Pelion Ossae. i55 
 
 Obruta mole sua cum corpora dira iacerent, 
 perfusam multo natorum sanguine Terram 
 immaduisse ferunt calidumque animasse cruorem, 
 et, ne nulla suae stirpis monumenta manerent, 
 in faciem vertisse hominum. Sed et ilia propago 160 
 contemptrix superum saevaeque avidissima caedis 
 et violenta fuit : scires e sanguine natos. 
 
 Quae pater ut summa vidit Saturnius arce, 
 ingemit et, facto nondum vulgata recenti 
 foeda Lycaoniae referens convivia mensae, 165 
 
 ingentes animo et dignas love concipit iras, 
 conciliumque vocat. Tenuit mora nulla vocatos. 
 
 Est via sublimis, caelo manifesta sereno : 
 lactea nomen habet, candore notabilis ipso. 
 Hac iter est superis ad magni tecta Tonantis 170 
 
 regalemque domum. Dextra laevaque deorum 
 atria nobilium valvis celebrantur apertis. 
 
LYCAON. 
 
 Plebs habitat (ITversa locis ; hac fronte potentes 
 caelicolae clarique suos posuere penates. 
 Hie locus est quern, si verbis audacia detur, 
 haud timeam magni dixisse Palatia caeli. 
 
 Ergo ubi marmoreo superi sedere recessu, 
 celsior ipse loco sceptroque innixus eburno 
 terrificam capitis concussit terque quaterque 
 caesariem, cum qua terrain, mare, sidera movit. 
 Talibus inde modis ora indignantia solvit : 
 
 13 
 
 175 
 
 180 
 
 JuppiTER (Zeus). 
 
 * Non ego pro mundi regno magis anxius ilia 
 tempestate fui qua centum quisque parabat 
 inicere anguipedum captivo bracchia caelo. 
 Nam quamquam ferus hostis erat, tamen illud ab uno 185 
 corpore et ex una pendebat origine bellum. 
 
14 
 
 METAMORPHOSEON I. 187-225. 
 
 Nunc mihi, qua totum Nereus circumsonat orbf*m, 
 perdendum est mortale genus. Per flumina iui > 
 infera sub terra Stygio labentia luco, 
 cuncta prius temptata. Sed immedicabile cura 
 
 190 
 
 Augustus. 
 
 ense recidendum est, ne pars sincera trahatur. 
 Sunt mihi semidei, sunt rustica numina, nymphae 
 faunique satyrique et monticolae silvani ; 
 quos quoniam caeli nondum dignamur honore, 
 quas dedimus, certe terras habitare sinamus. 
 
 19s 
 
LYCAON. 15 
 
 An satis, o superi, tutos fore.creditis illos, 
 
 cum mihi, qui fulmen, qui vos habeoque regoque, 
 
 struxerit insidias notus feritate Lycaon ? ' 
 
 Confremuere omnes studiisque ardentibus ausum 
 talia deposcunt. Sic, cum manus impia saevit 200 
 
 sanguine Caesareo Romanum exstinguere nomen, 
 attonitum tanto subitae terrore ruinae 
 humanum genus est totusque perhorruit orbis. 
 Nee tibi grata minus pietas, Auguste, tuorum est, 
 quam fuit ilia lovi. Qui postquam voce manuque 205 
 murmura compressit, tenuere silentia cuncti. 
 Substitit ut clamor, pressus gravitate regentis, 
 luppiter hoc iterum sermone silentia rupit : 
 
 * llle quidem poenas, curam banc dimittite, solvit. 
 Quod tamen admissum, quae sit vindicta, docebo. 210 
 Contigerat nostras infamia temporis aures : 
 quam cupiens falsam, summo delabor Olympo 
 et deus humana lustro sub imagine terras. 
 Longa mora est, quantum noxae sit ubique repertum, 
 enumerare : minor fuit ipsa infamia vero. 215 
 
 Maenala transieram latebris horrenda ferarum 
 et cum Cyllene gelidi pineta Lycaei. 
 Arcadis hinc sedes et inhospita tecta tyranni 
 ingredior traherent cum sera crepuscula noctem. 
 Signa dedi venisse deum, vulgusque precari 22c 
 
 coeperat. Inridet primo pia vota Lycaon ; 
 mox ait : * Experiar, deus hie, discrimine aperto, 
 an sit mortalis. Nee erit dubitabile verum.' 
 Nocte gravem somno necopina perdere morte 
 me parat : haec illi placet experientia veri. 225 
 
16 METAMORPHOSEON I. 226-274. 
 
 Nec contentus eo, missi de gente Molossa 
 
 obsidis unius iugulum mucrone resolvit, 
 
 atque ita semineces partim ferventibus artus 
 
 mollit aquis, partim subiecto torruit igni. 
 
 Quos simul imposuit mensis, ego vindice flamma 230 
 
 in dominum dignosque everti tecta Penates. 
 
 Territus ipse fugit, nactusque silentia ruris 
 
 exululat, frustraque loqui conatur. Ab ipso 
 
 conligit OS rabiem, solitaeque cupidine caedis 
 
 vertitur in pecudes, et nunc quoque sanguine gaudet. 235 
 
 In villos abeunt vestes, in crura lacerti : 
 
 fit lupus et veteris servat vestigia formae. 
 
 Canities eadem est, eadem violentia vultus, 
 
 idem oculi lucent, eadem feritatis imago. 
 
 Occidit una domus ; sed non domus una perire 240 
 
 digna fuit : qua terra patet, fera regnat Erinys. 
 
 In facinus iurasse putes. Dent ocius omnes 
 
 quas meruere pati, sic stat sententia, poenas.' 
 
 Dicta lovis pars voce probant stimulosque frementi 
 adiciunt, alii partes adsensibus implent. 245 
 
 Est tamen humani generis iactura dolori 
 omnibus, et, quae sit terrae mortalibus orbae 
 forma futura, rogant, quis sit laturus in aras 
 tura, ferisne paret populandas tradere terras. 
 Talia quaerentes (sibi enim fore cetera curae) 250 
 
 rex superum trepidare vetat, subolemque priori 
 dissimilem populo promittit origine mira. 
 
 lamque erat in totas sparsurus fulmina terras ; 
 sed timuit, ne forte sacer tot ab ignibus aether 
 conciperet flammas longusque ardesceret axis. 255 
 
DILUVIUM. 17 
 
 Esse quoque in fatis reminiscitur adfore tempus 
 
 quo mare, quo tellus correptaque regia caeli 
 
 ardeat et mundi moles operosa laboret. 
 
 Tela reponuntur manibus fabricata Cyclopum. 
 
 Poena placet diversa, genus mortale sub undis 260 
 
 perdere et ex omni nimbos demittere caelo. 
 
 Boreas. 
 
 Protinus Aeoliis Aquilonem claudit in antris 
 et quaecumque fugant inductas flamina nubes, 
 emittitque Notum. Madidis Notus evolat alis, 
 terribilem picea tectus caligine vultum ; 
 barba gravis nimbis, canis fluit unda capillis, 
 fronte sedent nebulae, rorant pennaeque sinusque. 
 Utque manu late pendentia nubila pressit, 
 fit fragor ; hinc densi f unduntur ab aethere nimbi. 
 Nuntia lunonis varios induta colores 
 concipit Iris aquas alimentaque nubibus adfert. 
 Sternuntur segetes et deplorata coloni 
 vota iacent, longique perit labor inritus anni. 
 
 Nee caelo contenta suo est lovis ira, sed ilium 
 
 265 
 
 270 
 
18 METAMORPHOSEON I. 275-334. 
 
 caeruleus f rater iuvat auxiliaribus undis. 275 
 
 Convocat hie amnes. Qui postquam tecta tyranni 
 
 intravere sui, * Non est hortamine longo 
 
 nunc/ ait, * utendum. Vires effundite vestras, 
 
 sic opus est. Aperite domos, ac mole remota 
 
 fluminibus vestris totas immittite habenas.' 280 
 
 lusserat. Hi redeunt, ac fontibus ora relaxant, 
 
 et defrenato volvuntur in aequora cursu. 
 
 Ipse tridente suo terram percussit. At ilia 
 
 intremuit motuque vias patefecit aquarum. 
 
 Exspatiata ruunt per apertos flumina campos, 285 
 
 cumque satis arbusta simul pecudesque virosque 
 
 tectaque cumque suis rapiunt penetralia sacris. 
 
 Siqua domus mansit potuitque resistere tanto 
 
 indeiecta malo, culmen tamen altior huius 
 
 unda tegit, pressaeque latent sub gurgite turres. 290 
 
 lamque mare et tellus nullum discrimen habebant : 
 omnia pontus erant ; deerant quoque litora ponto. 
 Occupat hie collem, cumba sedet alter adunca 
 et ducit remos illic ubi nuper ararat. 
 Ille supra segetes aut mersae culmina villae 295 
 
 navigat, hie summa piseem deprendit in ulmo. 
 Figitur in viridi, si fors tulit, aneora prato, 
 aut subiecta terunt curvae vineta carinae. 
 Et, modo qua graciles gramen carpsere eapellae, 
 nunc ibi deformes ponunt sua corpora phoeae. 300 
 
 Mirantur sub aqua lueos urbesque domosque 
 Nereides ; silvasque tenent delphines, et altis 
 incursant ramis agitataque robora pulsant. 
 Nat lupus inter oves, fulvos vehit unda leones, 
 
DEUCALION. 19 
 
 unda vehit tigres. Nee vires fulminis apro, 3^5 
 
 crura nee ablato prosunt veloeia cervo. 
 Quaesitisque diu terris, ubi sistere detur, 
 in mare lassatis volucris vaga decidit alis. 
 Obruerat tumulos immensa licentia ponti, 
 pulsabantque novi montana cacumina fluctus. 310 
 
 Maxima pars unda rapitur ; quibus unda pepercit, 
 illos longa domant inopi ieiunia victu. 
 
 Separat Aonios Oetaeis Phocis ab arvis, 
 terra ferax, dum terra f uit. Sed tempore in illo 
 pars maris et latus subitarum campus aquarum. 3^5 
 
 Mons ibi verticibus petit arduus astra duobus, 
 nomine Parnasus, superantque cacumina nubes. 
 Hie ubi Deucalion, nam cetera texerat aequor, 
 cum consorte tori parva rate vectus adhaesit, 
 Corycidas nymphas et numina montis adorant 320 
 
 fatidicamque Themin, quae tunc oracla tenebat. 
 Non illo melior quisquam nee amantior aequi 
 vir fuit, aut ilia metuentior ulla deorum. 
 
 luppiter ut liquidis stagnare paludibus orbem, 
 et superesse virum de tot modo milibus unum, 325 
 
 et superesse videt de tot modo milibus unam, 
 innocuos ambos, cultores numinis ambos, 
 nubila disiecit, nimbisque aquilone remotis 
 et caelo terras ostendit et aethera terris. 
 Nee maris ira manet, positoque tricuspide telo 33^ 
 
 ' tnulcet aquas rector pelagi, supraque profundum 
 exstantem atque umeros innato murice tectum 
 caeruleum Tritona vocat, conchaeque sonanti 
 inspirare iubet fiuctusque et flumina signo 
 
20 METAMORPHOSEON I. 335-394. 
 
 iam revocare dato. Cava bucina sumitur illi 335 
 
 tortilis, in latum quae turbine crescit ab imo, 
 bucina, quae, medio concepit ubi aera ponto, 
 
 litora voce replet sub utroque iacentia Phoebo 
 
 Tunc quoque, ut ora dei madida rorantia barba 
 
 contigit et cecinit iussos inflata receptus, 340 
 
 omnibus audita est telluris et aequoris undis, 
 
 et quibus est undis audita, coercuit omnes. 
 
 Flumina subsidunt, collesque exire videntur ; 
 
 iam mare litus habet, plenos capit alveus amnes, 
 
 surgit humus, crescunt loca decrescentibus undis. 345 
 
 Postque diem longam nudata cacumina silvae 
 
 ostendunt limumque tenent in fronde relictum. 
 
 Redditus orbis erat. Quem postquam vidit inanem, 
 et desolatas agere alta silentia terras, 
 Deucalion lacrimis ita Pyrrham adfatur obortis : 35° 
 
 * O soror, o coniunx, o femina sola superstes, 
 quam commune mihi genus et patruelis origo, 
 deinde torus iunxit, nunc ipsa pericula iungunt, 
 terrarum, quascumque vident occasus et ortus, 
 nos duo turba sumus ; possedit cetera pontus. 355 
 
 Haec quoque adhuc yitae non est fiducia nostrae 
 certa satis ; terrent etiam nunc nubila mentem. 
 Quis tibi, si sine me fatis erepta fuisses, 
 nunc animus, miseranda, foret ? quo sola timorem 
 ferre modo posses ? quo consolante doleres ? 360 
 
 Namque ego, crede mihi, si te quoque pontus habefet, 
 te sequerer, coniunx, et me quoque pontus haberet. 
 O utinam possem populos reparare paternis 
 artibus atque animas formatae infundere terrae ! 
 
DEUCALION. 21 
 
 Nunc genus in nobis restat mortale duobus — 365 
 
 sic visum est superis — hominumqueexemplamanemus.' 
 
 Dixerat, et flebant. Placuit caeleste precari 
 numen et auxilium per sacras quaerere sortes. 
 Nulla mora est ; adeunt pariter Cephisidas undas, 
 ut nondum liquidas, sic jam vada nota secantes. yi^ 
 
 Inde ubi libatos inroravere liquores 
 vestibus et capiti, flectunt vestigia sanctae 
 ad delubra deae, quorum fastigia turpi 
 pallebant musco stabantque sine ignibus arae. 
 Ut templi tetigere gradus, procumbit uterque 375 
 
 pronus humi gelidoque pavens dedit oscula saxo. 
 Atque ita, 'Si precibus,' dixerunt, *numina iustis 
 victa remollescunt, si flectitur ira deorum, 
 die, Themi, qua generis damnum reparabile nostri 
 arte sit, et mersis fer opem, mitissima, rebus.' 3^0 
 
 Mota dea est sortemque dedit : ' Discedite templo 
 et velate caput cinctasque resolvite vestes 
 ossaque post tergum magnae lactate parentis/^ 
 
 Obstipuere diu, rumpitque silentia voce 
 Pyrrha prior iussisque deae parere recusat, 3^5 
 
 detque sibi veniam, pavido rogat ore, pavetque 
 laedere iactatis maternas ossibus umbras. 
 Interea repetunt caecis obscura latebris 
 verba datae sortis secum inter seque volutant. 
 Unde Promethides placidis Epimethida dictis 39° 
 
 mulcet et, ' Aut fallax,' ait, ' est sollertia nobis, 
 aut pia sunt nullumque nefas oracula suadent. 
 Magna parens terra est, lapides in corpore terrae 
 ossa reor dici ; iacere hos post terga iubemur,' 
 
22 METAMORPHOSEON I. 395-454. 
 
 Coniugis augurio quamquam Titania mota est, 395 
 
 spes tamen in dubio est. Adeo caelestibus ambo 
 diffidunt monitis. Sed quid temptare nocebit ? 
 Discedunt velantque caput tunicasque recingunt 
 et iussos lapides sua post vestigia mittunt. 
 Saxa — quis hoc credat, nisi sit pro teste vetustas ? — 400 
 ponere duritiem coepere suumque rigorem, 
 mollirique mora, mollitaque ducere formam. 
 Mox ubi creverunt naturaque mitior illis 
 contigit, ut quaedam, sic non manifesta, videri 
 forma potest hominis, sed, uti de marmore coepta, 405 
 non exacta satis rudibusque simillima signis. 
 Quae tamen ex illis aliquo pars umida suco 
 et terrena fuit, versa est in corporis usum ; 
 quod solidum est flectique nequit, mutatur in ossa \^ 
 quae modo vena fuit, sub eodem nomine mansit ; 410 
 
 inque brevi spatio superorum numine saxa 
 missa viri manibus faciem traxere virorum, 
 et de femineo reparata est femina iactu. 
 Inde genus durum sumus experiensque laborum, 
 et documenta damus qua simus origine nati. 415 
 
 Cetera diversis tellus animalia formis 
 sponte sua peperit, postquam vetus umor ab igne 
 percaluit solis, caenumque udaeque paludes 
 intumuere aestu, fecundaque semina rerum 
 vivaci nutrita solo, ceu matris in alvo, 420 
 
 creverunt faciemque aliquam cepere morando. 
 Sic ubi deseruit madidos septemfluus agros 
 Nilus et antiquo sua flumina reddidit alveo, 
 aetherioque recens exarsit sidere limus, 
 
PYTHON. 23 
 
 plurima cultores versis animalia glaebis 425 
 
 inveniunt, 4t in his quaedam modo coepta sub ipsum 
 
 nascendi spatium) quaedam imperfecta suisque 
 
 trunca vident numeris, et eodem in corpore saepe 
 
 altera pars vivit, rudis est pars altera tellus. 
 
 Quippe ubi temperiem sumpsere umorque calorque, 43° 
 
 concipiunt, et ab his oriuntur cuncta duobus ; 
 
 cumque sit ignis aquae pugnax, vapor umidus omnes 
 
 res creat, et discors concordia fetibus apta est. 
 
 Ergo ubi diluvio tellus lutulenta recenti 
 
 solibus aetheriis almoque recanduit aestu, 435 
 
 edidit innumeras species, partimque figuras 
 
 rettulit antiquas, partim nova monstra creavit. 
 
 Ilia quidem nollet, sed te quoque, maxime Python, 
 turn genuit, populisque novis, incognite serpens, 
 terror eras ; tantum spatii de monte tenebas. 44° 
 
 Hunc deus arcitenens, et numquam talibus armis 
 ante nisi in dammis capreisque fugacibus usus, 
 mille gravem telis, exhausta paene pharetra, 
 perdidit effuso per vulnera nigra veneno. 
 Neve operis famam posset delere vetustas, 445 
 
 instituit sacros celebri certamine ludos 
 Pythia perdomitae serpentis nomine dictos. 
 His iuvenum quicumque manu pedibusve rotave 
 vicerat, aesculeae capiebat frondis honorem. 
 Nondum laurus erat, longoque decentia crine 45° 
 
 tempora cingebat de qualibet arbore Phoebus./ 
 
 Primus amor Phoebi Daphne Peneia, quem non 
 fors ignara dedit, sed saeva Cupidinis ira. 
 Delius hunc nuper, victo serpente superbus, 
 
24 METAMORPHOSEON I. 455-499. 
 
 viderat adducto flectentem cornua nervo, 455 
 
 * Quid ' que * tibi, lascive puer, cum f ortibus armis ? ' 
 dixerat ; * ista decent umeros gestamina nostros, 
 qui dare certa ferae, dare vulnera possumus hosti, 
 qui modo pestifero tot iugera ventre prementem 
 stravimus innumeris tumidum Pythona sagittis. 460 
 
 Phoebus Apollo. 
 
 Tu face nescio quos esto contentus amores 
 inritare tua, nee laudes adsere nostras.' 
 
 Filius huic Veneris, * Figat tuus omnia, Phoebe, 
 te mens arcus,' ait ; * quantoque animalia cedunt 
 cuncta deo, tanto minor est tua gloria nostra.' 465 
 
 Dixit et, eliso percussis aere pennis, 
 impiger umbrosa Parnasi constitit arce 
 eque sagittifera prompsit duo tela pharetra 
 diversorum operum ; fugat hoc, facit illud amorem. 
 
DAPHNE. 25 
 
 Quod facit auratum est et cuspide fulget acuta ; 47° 
 
 quod fugat obtusum est et habet sub harundine plumbum. 
 Hoc deus in nympha Peneide fixit, at illo 
 laesit Apollineas traiecta per ossa medullas. 
 Protinus alter amat ; fugit altera nomen amantis, 
 silvarum tenebris captivarumque ferarum 475 
 
 exuviis gaudens innuptaeque aemula Phoebes. 
 Vitta coercebat positos sine lege capillos. 
 
 Multi illam petiere, ilia aversata petentes 
 impatiens expersque viri nemorum avia lustrat, 
 nee quid Hymen, quid Amor, quid sint conubia, curat. 480 
 Saepe pater dixit : * Generum mihi, iilia, debes.' 
 Saepe pater dixit : * Debes mihi, nata, nepotes.' 
 Ilia, velut crimen taedas exosa iugales, 
 pulchra verecundo suffunditur ora rubore, 
 inque patris blandis haerens cervice lacertis, 485 
 
 * Da mihi perpetua, genitor carissime,' dixit, 
 ' virginitate frui. Dedit hoc pater ante Dianae.' 
 Ille quidem obsequitur. Sed te decor iste quod optas 
 esse vetat, votoque tuo tua forma repugnajt^ 
 
 Phoebus amat visaeque cupit conubia Daphnes, 49° 
 quodque cupit, sperat ; suaque ilium oracula fallunt. 
 U^ue leves stipulae demptis adolentur aristis, 
 ut facibus saepes ardent, quas forte viator 
 vel nimis admovit vel iam sub luce reliquit, 
 sic deus in flammas abiit, sic pectore toto 495 
 
 uritur et sterilem sperando nutrit amorem. 
 Spectat inornatos collo pendere capillos, 
 et, ^ Quid, si comantur ? ' ait. Videt igne micantes 
 sideribus similes oculos, videt oscula, quae non 
 
26 METAMORPHOSEON I. 500-560. 
 
 est vidisse satis ; laudat digitosque manusque 500 
 
 bracchiaque et nudos media plus parte lacertos. 
 Siqua latent, meliora putat. Fugit ocior aura 
 ilia levi, neque ad haec revocantis verba resistit : 
 
 * Nympha, precor, Penei, mane 1 non insequor hostis ; 
 nympha, mane ! sic agna lupum, sic cerva leonem, 505 
 sic aquilam penna fugiunt trepidante columbae, 
 hostes quaeque suos. Amor est mihi causa sequendi. 
 Me miserum ! ne prona cadas, indignave laedi 
 crura notent sentes, et sim tibi causa doloris. 
 Aspera, qua properas, loca sunt. Moderatius, oro, 510 
 curre, fugamque inhibe ; moderatius insequar ipse. 
 Cui placeas, inquire tamen. Non incola montis, 
 non ego sum pastor, non hie armenta gregesque 
 horridus observo. Nescis, temeraria, nescis 
 quem fugias, ideoque fugis. Mihi Delphica tellus 5^5 
 et Claros et Tenedos Patareaque regia servit. 
 luppiter est genitor. Per me, quod eritque fuitque 
 estque patet ; per me concordant carmina nervis. 
 Certa quidem nostra est, nostra tamen una sagitta 
 certior, in vacuo quae vulnera pectore fecit. 520 
 
 Inventum medicina meum est, opiferque per orbem 
 dicor, et herbarum subiecta potentia nobis. 
 Ei mihi, quod nullis amor est sanabilis herbis, 
 nee prosunt domino quae prosunt omnibus artes ! ' 
 — Plura locuturum timido Peneia cursu 525 
 
 fugit cumque ipso verba imperfecta reliquit, 
 tum quoque visa decens. Nudabant corpora venti, 
 obviaque adversas vibrabant flamina vestes, 
 et levis impulses retro dabat aura capillos. 
 
DAPHNE. 27 
 
 auctaque forma fuga est. Sed enim non sustinet ultra 53° 
 
 perdere blanditias iuvenis deus, utque movebat 
 
 ipse amor, admisso sequitur vestigia passu. 
 
 Ut canis in vacuo leporem cum Gallicus arvo 
 
 vidit, et hie praedam pedibus petit, ille salutem ; 
 
 alter inhaesuro similis iam iamque tenere 535 
 
 sperat et extento stringit vestigia rostro, 
 
 alter in ambiguo est an sit comprensus, et ipsis 
 
 morsibus eripitur tangentiaque ora relinquit : 
 
 sic deus et virgo, est hie spe celer, ilia timore. 
 
 Qui tamen insequitur, pennis adiutus Amoris 54o 
 
 ocior est requiemque negat tergoque fugacis 
 
 imminet et crinem sparsum cervicibus adflat. 
 
 Viribus absumptis expalluit ilia, citaeque 
 
 victa labore fugae, spectans Peneidas undas, 
 
 * Fer, pater,' inquit, * opem ! Tellus,' ait, * hisce, vel istam 545 
 
 quae facit ut laedar, mutando perde iiguram ! ' 547 
 
 Vix prece iinita, torpor gravis occupat artus, 
 mollia cinguntur tenui praecordia libro, 
 in frondem crines, in ramos bracchia crescunt, 55° 
 
 pes, modo tarn velox, pigris radicibus haeret, 
 ora cacumen obit. Remanet nitor unus in ilia. 
 Hanc quoque Phoebus amat, positaque in stipite dextra 
 sentit adhuc trepidare novo sub cortice pectus, 
 complexusque suis ramos, ut membra, lacertis 555 
 
 oscula dat ligno ; refugit tamen oscula lignum. 
 
 Cui deus, * At quoniam coniunx mea non potes esse, 
 arbor eris certe,' dixit, *mea. Semper habebunt 
 te coma, te citharae, te nostrae, laure, pharetrae. 
 Tu ducibus Latiis aderis cum laeta triumphum S^o 
 
28 METAMORPHOSEON I. 561-641. 
 
 vox canet et visent longas Capitolia pompas. 
 
 Postibus Augustis eadem fidissima custos 
 
 ante fores stabis mediamque tuebere quercum. 
 
 Utque meum intonsis caput est iuvenale capillis, 
 
 tu quoque perpetuos semper gere frondis honores.' 5^5 
 
 Finierat Paean. Factis modo laurea ramis 
 
 adnuit, utque caput visa est agitasse cacumen. 
 
 Est nemus Haemoniae, praerupta quod undique claudit 
 silva. Vocant Tempe. Per quae Peneiis ab imo 
 effusus Pindo spumosis volvitur undis 57° 
 
 deiectuque gravi tenues agitantia fumos 
 nubila conducit, summisque aspergine silvis. 
 impluit et sonitu plus quam vicina fatigat. 
 Haec domus, haec sedes, haec sunt penetralia magni 
 amnis. In his residens facto de cautibus antro 575 
 
 undis iura dabat nymphisque colentibus undas. 
 Conveniunt illuc popularia flumina primum, 
 nescia gratentur consolenturne parentem, 
 populifer Sperchios et inrequietus Enipeus 
 Apidanusque senex lenisque Amphrysus et Aeas, 5^° 
 
 moxque amnes alii qui, qua tulit impetus illos, 
 in mare deducunt fessas erroribus undas^ 
 Inachus unus abest imoque reconditus antro 
 fletibus auget aquas, natamque miserrimus lo 
 luget ut amissam. Nescit vitane fruatur 5^5 
 
 an sit apud manes. Sed quam non invenit usquam, 
 esse putat nusquam atque animo peiora veretur. 
 
 (^Jupiter had loved lo, but on account of the jealousy 
 of Juno he changed her into a heifer^ 
 
lO. 29 
 
 Bos quoque formosa est. Speciem Saturnia vaccae, 
 
 quamquam invita, probat, nee non, et cuius et unde 
 
 quove sit armento, veri quasi nescia, quaerit. 
 
 luppiter e terra genitam mentitur, ut auctor 615 
 
 desinat inquiri. Petit hanc Saturnia munus. 
 
 Quid faciat ? Crudele, suos addicere amores ; 
 
 non dare, suspectum. Pudor est qui suadeat illinc, 
 
 hinc dissuadet amor. Victus pudor esset amore ; 
 
 sed leve si munus sociae generisque torique 620 
 
 vacca negaretur, poterat non vacca videri. 
 
 Paelice donata non protinus exuit omnem 
 
 diva metum timuitque lovem et fuit anxia furti, 
 
 donee Arestoridae servandam tradidit Argo. 
 
 Centum luminibus cinctum caput Argus habebat; 625 
 inde suis vicibus capiebant bina quietem, 
 cetera servabant atque in statione manebant. 
 Constiterat quocumque modo, spectabat ad lo ; 
 ante oculos lo, quamvis aversus, habebat. 
 Luce sinit pasci ; cum sol tellure sub alta est, 630 
 
 claudit et indigno circumdat vincula collo. 
 Frondibus arboreis et amara pascitur herba, 
 proque toro terrae non semper gramen habenti 
 incubat infelix limosaque flumina potat. 
 Ilia etiam supplex Argo cum bracchia vellet 635 
 
 tendere, non habuit quae bracchia tenderet Argo ; 
 et conata queri mugitus edidit ore 
 pertimuitque sonos propriaque exterrita voce est. 
 
 Venit et ad ripas, ubi ludere saepe solebat, 
 Inachidas ; rictus novaque ut conspexit in unda 640 
 
 cornua, pertimuit seque exsternata refugit. 
 
30 METAMORPHOSEON I. 642-685. 
 
 Naides ignorant, ignorat et Inachus ipse, 
 
 quae sit. At ilia patrem sequitur sequiturque sorores, 
 
 et patitur tangi seque admirantibus offert. . 
 
 Decerptas senior porrexerat Inachus herbas ; 645 
 
 ilia manus lambit patriisque dat oscula palmis, 
 
 nee retinet lacrimas et, si modo verba sequantur, 
 
 oret opem nomenque suum casusque loquatur. 
 
 Littera pro verbis, quam pes in pulvere duxit, 
 
 corporis indicium mutati triste peregit. 650 
 
 *Me miserum ! ' exclamat pater Inachus, inque gementis 
 cornibus et niveae pendens cervice iuvencae 
 * Me miserum ! ' ingeminat, * tune es quaesita per omnes, 
 nata, mihi terras ? tu non inventa reperta 
 luctus eras levior. Retices, nee mutua nostris 655 
 
 dicta refers, alto tantum suspiria ducis 
 pectore, quodque unum potes, ad mea verba remugis. 
 At tibi ego ignarus thalamos taedasque parabam, 
 spesque fuit generi mihi prima, secunda nepotum. 
 De grege nunc tibi vir, nunc de grege natus habendus. 660 
 Nee finire licet tantos mihi morte dolores ; 
 sed nocet esse deum, praeclusaque ianua leti 
 aeternum nostros luctus extendit in aevum.' 
 
 Talia maerentem stellatus submovet Argus 
 ereptamque patri diversa in pascua natam 665 
 
 abstrahit. Inde procul montis sublime cacumen 
 occupat, unde sedens partes speculatur in omnes. 
 
 Nee superum rector mala tanta Phoronidos ultra ^ 
 ferre potest, natumque vocat, quern lucida partu 
 Pleias enixa est, letoque det, imperat, Argum. 670 
 
 Parva mora est alas pedibus virgamque potenti 
 
ARGUS. 
 
 31 
 
 somniferam sumpsisse manu tegumenque capillis. 
 Haec ubi disposuit, patria love natus ab arce 
 desilit in terras. Illic tegumenque removit 
 et posuit pennas ; tantummodo virga retenta est. 
 Hac agit ut pastor per devia rura capellas, 
 dum venit, abductas, et structis cantat avenis. 
 
 675 
 
 Mercury. 
 
 680 
 
 Voce nova captus custos lunonius, * At tu, 
 
 quisquis es, hoc poteras mecum considere saxo/ 
 
 Argus ait, ^ neque enim pecori fecundior ullo 
 
 herba loco est, aptamque vides pastoribus umbram.' 
 
 Sedit Atlantiades, et euntem multa loquendo 
 
 detinuit sermone diem, iunctisque canendo 
 
 vincere harundinibus servantia lumina temptat. 
 
 lUe tamen pugnat molles evincere somnos 685 
 
32 METAMORPHOSEON I. 686-745. 
 
 et, quamvis sopor est oculorum parte receptus, 
 
 parte tamen vigilat. Quaerit quoque — namque reperta 
 
 fistula nuper erat — qua sit ratione reperta. 
 
 Turn deus, * Arcadiae gelidis in montibus,' inquit, 
 * inter hamadryadas celeberrima Nonacrinas 690 
 
 naias una fuit ; nymphae Syringa vocabant. 
 Non semel et satyros eluserat ilia sequentes 
 et quoscumque deos umbrosave silva feraxve 
 rus habet. Ortygiam studiis ipsaque colebat 
 virginitate deam. Ritu quoque cincta Dianae 695 
 
 falleret et credi posset Latonia, si non 
 corneus huic arcus, si non foret aureus illi. 
 Sic quoque fallebat. Redeuntem colle Lycaeo 
 Pan videt banc, pinuque caput praecinctus acuta 
 talia verba refert ' — restabat verba referre, 700 
 
 et precibus spretis fugisse per avia nympham, 
 donee harenosi placidum Ladonis ad amnem 
 venerit ; hie illam, cursum impedientibus undis, 
 ut se mutarent, liquidas orasse sorores; 
 Panaque, cum prensam sibi iam Syringa putaret, 705 
 
 corpore pro nymphae calamos tenuisse palustres ; 
 dumque ibi suspirat, motos in harundine ventos 
 effecisse sonum tenuem similemque querenti ; 
 arte nova vocisque deum dulcedine captum, 
 ^ Hoc mihi concilium tecum/ dixisse, 'manebit/ 710 
 
 atque ita disparibus calamis compagine cerae 
 inter se iunctis nomen tenuisse puellae. 
 
 Talia dicturus vidit Cyllenius omnes 
 succubuisse oculos adopertaque lumina somno. 
 Supprimit extemplo vocem firmatque soporem 7^5 
 
lO. 33 
 
 languida permulcens medicata lumina virga. 
 
 Nee mora, falcato nutantem vulnerat ense 
 
 qua eollo est confine caput, saxoque cruentum 
 
 deicit et maculat praeruptam sanguine rupem. 
 
 Arge, iaces ; quodque in tot lumina lumen habebas, 720 
 
 exstinctum est, centumque oculos nox occupat una, 
 
 Excipit hos volucrisque suae Saturnia pennis 
 
 conlocat et gemmis caudam stellantibus impiety 
 
 Protinus exarsit nee tempora distulit irae, 
 horriferamque oculis animoque obiecit Erinyn 725 
 
 paelicis Argolicae, stimulosque in pectore caecos 
 condidit, et profugam per totum terruit orbem. 
 Ultimus immenso restabas, Nile, labori. 
 Quern simulac tetigit, positis in margine ripae 
 procubuit genibus, resupinoque ardua collo, 730 
 
 quos potuit solos, tollens ad sidera vultus, 
 et gemitu et lacrimis et luctisono mugitu 
 cum love visa queri est finemque orare malorum. 
 Coniugis ille suae complexus colla lacertis, 
 finiat ut poenas tandem, rogat, * In ' que *futurum 735 
 pone metus,' inquit, * numquam tibi causa doloris 
 haec erit ' et Stygias iubet hoc audire paludes. 
 Ut lenita dea est, vultus capit ilia priores 
 fitque quod ante fuit. Fugiunt e corpore saetae, 
 cornua decrescunt, fit luminis artior orbis, 74o 
 
 contrahitur rictus, redeunt umerique manusque, 
 ungulaque in quinos dilapsa absumitur ungues. 
 De bove nil superest, formae nisi candor, in ilia. 
 Officioque pedum nymphe contenta duorum 
 erigitur, metuitque loqui, ne more iuvencae 745 
 
34 METAMORPHOSEON I. 746-11. 23. 
 
 mugiat, et timide verba intermissa retemptat. 
 Nunc dea linigera colitur celeberrima turba. 
 
 Huic Epaphus magni genitus de semine tandem 
 creditur esse lovis, perque urbes iuncta parent! 
 templa tenet. Fuit huic animis aequalis et annis 750 
 Sole satus Phaethon. Quern quondam magna loquentem 
 nee sibi cedentem Phoeboque parente superbum 
 non tulit Inachides, * Matri ' que ait, * omnia demens 
 credis, et es tumidus genitoris imagine falsi.' 
 
 Erubuit Phaethon iramque pudore repressit 755 
 
 et tulit ad Clymenen Epaphi convicia matrem : 
 *Quo' que *magis doleas, genetrix/ ait, 411e ego liber, 
 ille ferox tacui. Pudet haec opprobria nobis 
 et dici potuisse et non potuisse refelli. 
 At tu, si modo sum caelesti stirpe creatus, 760 
 
 ede notam tanti generis meque adsere caelo.' 
 Dixit et implicuit materno bracchia collo, 
 perque suum Meropisque caput taedasque sororum, 
 traderet, oravit, veri sibi signa parentis. 
 
 Ambiguum, Clymene, precibus Phaethontis an ira 765 
 mota magis dicti sibi criminis, utraque caelo 
 bracchia porrexit spectansque ad lumina solis, 
 * Per iubar hoc,' inquit, ' radiis insigne coruscis, 
 nate, tibi iuro, quod nos auditque videtque, 
 hoc te, quem spectas, hoc te, qui temperat orbem, no 
 Sole satum. Si ficta loquor, neget ipse videndum 
 se mihi, sitque oculis lux ista novissima nostris. 
 Nee longus patrios labor est tibi nosse penates. 
 Unde oritur, domus est terrae contermina nostrae. 
 Si modo fert animus, gradere, et scitabere ab ipso.' 775 
 
PHAETHON. 35 
 
 Emicat extemplo laetus post talia matris 
 dicta suae Phaethon et concipit aethera mente, 
 Aethiopasque suos positosque sub ignibus Indos 
 sidereis transit patriosque adit impiger ortus. 
 
 LIBER SECUNDUS. 
 
 Regia Solis erat sublimibus alta columnis, 
 
 clara micante auro flammasque imitante pyropo, 
 
 cuius ebur nitidum fastigia summa tegebat, 
 
 argenti bifores radiabant lumine valvae. 
 
 Materiam superabat opus. Nam Mulciber illic 5 
 
 aequora caelarat medias cingentia terras 
 
 terrarumque orbem caelumque, quod imminet orbi. 
 
 Caeruleos habet unda deos, Tritona canorum, 
 
 Proteaque ambiguum, ballaenarumque prementem 
 
 Aegaeona suis immania terga lacertis, lo 
 
 Doridaque et natas, quarum pars nare videtur, 
 
 pars in mole sedens virides siccare capillos, 
 
 pisce vehi quaedam. / Facies non omnibus una, 
 
 nee diversa tamen ; qualem decet esse sororum. 
 
 Terra viros urbesque gerit silvasque ferasque 15 
 
 fluminaque et nymphas et cetera numina ruris. 
 
 Haec super imposita est caeli fulgentis imago, 
 
 signaque sex foribus dextris, totidemque sinistris. 
 
 Quo simul acclivo Clymeneia limite proles 
 venit et intravit dubitati tecta parentis, 20 
 
 protinus ad patrios sua fert vestigia vultus 
 consistitque procul ; neque enim propiora ferebat 
 lumina. Purpurea velatus veste sedebat 
 
Right Ascension, vi^-xii'i MAP II. Declination,— 40° — J- 40° 
 
 Constellations of the Zodiac. 
 36 
 
Right Ascension, xn^xvin»> MAP III. Declination,— 40°— + 40" 
 
 Right Ascension, xviri'^-xxiv'i MAP IV. Declination,— 40°— + 40' 
 
 peJgasus 
 
 
38 METAMORPHOSEON II. 24-83. 
 
 in solio Phoebus claris lucente smaragdis. 
 
 A dextra laevaque Dies et Mensis et Annus 25 
 
 Saeculaque et positae spatiis aequalibus Horae 
 
 Verque novum stabat cinctum florente corona, 
 
 stabat nuda Aestas et spicea serta gerebat, 
 
 stabat et Autumnus calcatis sordidus uvis, 
 
 et glacialis Hiems canos hirsuta capillos. 30 
 
 Inde loco medius rerum novitate paventem 
 Sol oculis iuvenem, quibus aspicit omnia, vidit, 
 
 * Quae ' que * viae tibi causa ? Quid hac,' ait * arce petisti, 
 progenies, Phaethon, baud infitianda parent! ? ^ 
 
 Ille refert : * O lux immensi publica mundi, 35 
 
 Phoebe pater, si das huius mihi nominis usum, 
 nee falsa Clymene culpam sub imagine celat, 
 pignera da, genitor, per quae tua vera propago 
 credar, et hunc animis errorem detrahe nostris.' 
 
 Dixerat. At genitor circum caput omne micantes 40 
 deposuit radios, propiusque accedere iussit, 
 amplexuque dato, ^ Nee tu mens esse negari 
 dignus es, et Clymene veros,' ait, * edidit ortus. 
 Quoque minus dubites, quodvis pete munus, ut illud 
 me tribuente feras. Promissis testis adesto 45 
 
 dis iuranda palus, oculis incognita nostris.' 
 
 Vix bene desierat, currus rogat ille paternos 
 inque diem alipedum ius et moderamen equorum. 
 
 Paenituit iurasse patrem. Qui terque quaterque 
 concutiens inlustre caput, *Temeraria,' dixit, 5° 
 
 * vox mea facta tua est. Utinam promissa liceret 
 non dare ! Coniiteor, solum hoc tibi, nate, negarem. 
 Dissuadere licet. Non est tua tuta voluntas. 
 
PHAETHON. 39 
 
 Magna petis, Phaethon, et quae nee viribus istis 
 
 munera conveniant nee tarn puerilibus annis. 55 
 
 Sors tua mortalis. Non est mortale quod optas. 
 
 Plus etiam quam quod superis contingere fas est, 
 
 nescius adfectas. Placeat sibi quisque licebit, 
 
 non tamen ignifero quisquam consistere in axe 
 
 me valet excepto. Vasti quoque rector Olympi, 60 
 
 qui fera terribili iaculatur fulmina dextra, 
 
 non agat hos currus ; et quid love maius habemus ? 
 
 Ardua prima via est et qua vix mane recentes 
 
 enitantur equi. Medio est altissima caelo, 
 
 unde mare et terras ipsi mihi saepe videre 65 
 
 fit timor, et pavida trepidat formidine pectus. 
 
 Ultima prona via est et eget moderamine certo ; 
 
 tunc etiam, quae me subiectis excipit undis, 
 
 ne ferar in praeceps, Tethys sqlet ip^a vereri. 
 
 Adde quod adsidua rapitur vStigi^ne caelum 70 
 
 sideraque alta trahit celerique volumine torquet. 
 
 Nitor in adversum, nee me, qui cetera, vincit 
 
 impetus, et rapido contrarius evehor orbi. 
 
 Finge datos_^_urxus. Quid ages ? Poterisne rotatis 
 
 obvius ire polls ne te citus auferat axis? 75 
 
 Forsitan et lucos illic urbesque deorum 
 
 concipias animo delubraque ditia donis 
 
 esse ? Per insidias iter est formasque ferarum. 
 
 Utque viam teneas nulloque errore traharis, 
 
 per tamen adversi gradieris cornua Tauri 80 
 
 Haemoniosque arcus violentique ora Leonis 
 
 saevaque circuitu curvantem bracchia longo 
 
 Scorpion atque aliter curvantem bracchia Cancrum. 
 
40 METAMORPHOSEON II. 84-120. 
 
 Nec tibi quadrupedes animosos ignibus illis 
 
 quos in pectore habent, quos ore et naribus efflant, 85 
 
 in promptu regere est. Vix me patiuntur ubi acres 
 
 incaluere animi cervixque repugnat habenis. 
 
 At tu, funesti ne sim tibi muneris auctor, 
 
 nate, cave, dum resque sin it, tua corrige vota. 
 
 Scilicet ut nostro genitum te sanguine credas, 90 
 
 pignera certa petis? Do pignera certa timendo, 
 
 et patrio pater esse metu probor. Aspice vultus 
 
 ecce meos. Utinamque oculos in pectora posses 
 
 inserere et patrias intus deprendere curas ! 
 
 Denique quicquid habet dives, circumspice, mundus, 95 
 
 eque tot ac tantis caeli terraeque marisque 
 
 posce bonis aliquid. Nullam patiere repulsam. 
 
 Deprecor hoc unum, quod vero nomine poena, 
 
 non honor est. Poenam, Phaethon, pro munere poscis. 
 
 Quid mea coUa tenes blandis, ignare, lacertis ? 100 
 
 Ne dubita, dabitur — Stygias iuravimus undas — 
 
 quodcumque optaris; sed tu sapientius opta.' 
 
 Finierat monitus. Dictis tamen ille repugnat, 
 propositumque premit flagratque cupidine currus. 
 Ergo qua licuit genitor cunctatus ad altos 105 
 
 deducit iuvenem, Volcania munera, currus. 
 Aureus axis erat, temo aureus, aurea summae 
 curvatura rotae, radiorum argenteus ordo. 
 Per iuga chrysolithi positaeque ex ordine gemmae 
 clara repercusso reddebant lumina Phoebo. iio 
 
 Dumque ea magnanimus Phaethon miratur opusque 
 perspicit, ecce vigil rutilo patefecit ab ortu 
 purpureas Aurora fores et plena rosarum 
 
PHAETHON. 
 
 41 
 
 atria. Diffugiunt stellae, quarum agmina cogit 
 
 Lucifer et caeli statione novissimus exit. 115 
 
 Quern petere ut terras mundumque rubescere vidit 
 
 Right Ascension, o'^xxiv^ 
 
 Declination, + 40° — f- 90° 
 
 Constellations around the North Pole. 
 
 cornuaque extremae velut evanescere lunae, 
 iungere equos Titan velocibus imperat Horis. 
 lussa deae celeres peragunt, ignemque vomentes 
 ambrosiae suco saturos praesepibus altis 
 
42 METAMORPHOSEON 11. 121-164. 
 
 quadrupedes ducunt adduntque sonantia frena. 
 
 Turn pater ora sui sacro medicamine nati 
 
 contigit et rapidae fecit patientia flammae 
 
 imposuitque comae radios praesagaque luctus 
 
 pectore sollicito repetens suspiria dixit : 125 
 
 * Si potes his saltern monitis parere paternis, 
 parce, puer, stimulis et fortius utere loris. 
 Sponte sua properant ; labor est inhibere volentes. 
 Nee tibi directos placeat via quinque per arcus. 
 Sectus in obliquum est lato curvamine limes, 13° 
 
 zonarumque trium contentus fine polumque 
 effugit australem iunctamque aquilonibus Arcton. 
 Hac sit iter. Manifesta rotae vestigia cernes. 
 Utque ferant aequos et caelum et terra calores, 
 nee preme nee summum molire per aethera cursum. 135 
 Altius egressus caelestia tecta cremabis, 
 inferius terras ; medio tutissimus ibis. 
 Neu te dexterior tortum declinet ad Anguem, 
 neve sinisterior pressam rota ducat ad Aram ; 
 inter utriimque tene. Fortunae cetera mando, M^ 
 
 quae iuvet et melius quam tu tibi consulat opto. 
 Dum loquor, Hesperio positas in litore metas 
 umida nox tetigit. Non est mora libera nobis ; 
 poscimur. Effulget tenebris aurora fugatis. 
 Corripe lora manu — vel, si mutabile pectus US 
 
 est tibi, consiliis, non curribus utere nostris 
 dum potes et solidis etiamnunc sedibus astas, 
 dumque male optatos nondum premis inscius axes. 
 Quae tutus spectes, sine me dare lumina terris.' 
 
 Occupat ille levem iuvenali corpore currum, 150 
 
PHAETHON. 
 
 43 
 
 statque super, manibusque datas contingere habenas 
 gaudet, et invito grates agit inde parenti. 
 Interea volucres Pyrois et Eous et Aethon, 
 Solis equi, quartusque Phlegon hinnitibus auras 
 flammiferis implent pedibusque repagula pulsant. 
 Quae postquam Tethys, fatorum ignara nepotis, 
 
 155 
 
 CURRTJS. 
 
 reppulit, et facta est immensi copia mundi, 
 corripuere viam pedibusque per aera motis 
 obstantes scindunt nebulas pennisque levati 
 praetereunt ortos isdem de partibus euros. 160 
 
 Sed leve pondus erat, nee quod cognoscere possent 
 Solis equi, solitaque iugum gravitate carebat. 
 Utque labant curvae iusto sine pondere naves 
 perque mare instabiles nimia levitate feruntur, 
 
44 METAMORPHOSEON 11. 165-224. 
 
 sic onere adsueto vacuus dat in aera saltus 165 
 
 succutiturque alte similisque est currus inani. 
 
 Quod simulac sensere, ruunt tritumque relinquunt 
 
 quadriiugi spatium, nee, quo prius, ordine currunt. 
 
 Ipse pavet. Nee qua commissas flectat habenas, 
 
 nee scit qua sit iter; nee, si sciat, imperet illis. 170 
 
 Turn primum radiis gelidi caluere Triones 
 
 et vetito frustra temptarunt aequore tingi. 
 
 Quaeque polo posita est glaciali proxima Serpens, 
 
 frigore pigra prius nee formidabilis ulli, 
 
 incaluit sumpsitque novas fervoribus iras. i75 
 
 Te quoque turbatum memorant fugisse, Boote, 
 
 quamvis tardus eras et te tua plaustra tenebant. 
 
 Ut vero summo despexit ab aethere terras 
 infelix Phaethon penitus penitusque iacentes, 
 palluit, et subito genua intremuere timore, 180 
 
 suntque oculis tenebrae per tantum lumen obortae. 
 Et iam mallet equos numquam tetigisse paternos, 
 iam cognosse genus piget et valuisse rogando, 
 iam Meropis dici cupiens ita fertur, ut acta 
 praecipiti pinus borea, cui victa remisit 185 
 
 frena suus rector, quam dis votisque reliquit. 
 Quid faciat ? Multum caeli post terga relictum, 
 ante oculos plus est. Animo metitur utrumque. 
 Et modo, quos illi fatum contingere non est, 
 prospicit occasus, interdum respicit ortus. ^9^ 
 
 Quidque agat, ignarus stupet et nee frena remittit, 
 ja.ec retinere valet, nee nomina novit equorum.^.,^'-^ 
 Sparsa quoque in vario passim miracula caelo 
 vastarumque videt trepidus simulacra ferarum. 
 
PHAETHON. 45 
 
 Est locus in geminos ubi bracchia concavat arcus i95 
 Scorpius et cauda flexisque utrimque lacertis 
 porrigit in spatium signorum membra duorum. 
 Hunc puer ut nigri madidum sudore veneni 
 vulnera curvata minitantem cuspide vidit, 
 mentis inops gelida formidine lora remisit. 200 
 
 Quae postquam summo tetigere iacentia tergo, 
 exspatiantur equi, nuUoque inhibente per auras 
 ignotae regionis eunt, quaque impetus egit, 
 hac sine lege ruunt, altoque sub aethere fixis 
 incursant stellis, rapiuntque per avia currum. 205 
 
 Et modo summa petunt, modo per declive viasque 
 praecipites spatio terrae propiore feruntur. 
 Inferiusque suis fraternos currere Luna 
 admiratur equos, ambustaque nubila fumant. 
 
 Corripitur flammis, ut quaeque altissima, tellus, 210 
 fissaque agit rimas et sucis aret ademptis. 
 Pabula canescunt, cum frondibus uritur arbor, 
 materiamque suo praebet seges arida damno. 
 Parva queror. Magnae pereunt cum moenibus urbes, 
 cumque suis totas populis incendia gentes 215 
 
 in cinerem vertunt. Silvae cum montibus ardent, 
 ardet Athos Taurusque Cilix et Tmolus et Oete 
 et tum sicca, prius creberrima fontibus, Ide 
 virgineusque Helicon et nondum Oeagrius Haemos. 
 Ardet in immensum geminatis ignibus Aetna 220 
 
 Parnasusque biceps et Eryx et Cynthus et Othrys, 
 et tandem nivibus Rhodope caritura, Mimasque 
 Dindymaque et Mycale natusque ad sacra Cithaeron. 
 Nee prosunt Scythiae sua frigora. Caucasus ardet 
 
46 METAMORPHOSEON II. 225-284. 
 
 Ossaque cum Pindo maiorque ambobus Olympus 225 
 
 aeriaeque Alpes et nubifer Appenninus. 
 
 Tum vero Phaethon cunctis e partibus orbem 
 aspicit accensum nee tantos sustinet aestus, 
 ferventesque auras velut e fornaee profunda 
 ore trahit, currusque suos candescere sentit. 230 
 
 Et neque iam cineres eiectatamque favillam 
 ferre potest, calidoque involvitur undique fumo, 
 quoque eat aut ubi sit, picea caligine tectus 
 nescit, et arbitrio volucrum raptatur equorum. 
 
 Sanguine tunc credunt in corpora summa vocato 235 
 Aethiopum populos nigrum traxisse colorem. 
 Tum facta est Libye raptis umoribus aestu 
 arida. Tum nymphae passis fontesque lacusque 
 deflev^re comis. Quaerit Boeotia Dircen, 
 Argos Amymonen, Ephyre Pirenidas und^. 240 
 
 Nee sortita loco distantes flumina ripas 
 tuta manent. Mediis Tanais fumavit in undis 
 Peneosque senex Teuthranteusque Caicus 
 et celer Ismenos cum Phegiaco Erymantho 
 arsurusque iterum Xanthus flavusque Lycormas, 245 
 
 quique recurvatis ludit Maeandros in undis, 
 Mygdoniusque Melas et Taenarius Eurotas. 
 Arsit et Euphrates Babylonius, arsit Orontes 
 Thermodonque citus Gangesque et Phasis et Hister. 
 Aestuat Alpheus, ripae Spercheides ardent, 250 
 
 quodque suo Tagus amne vehit, fluit ignibus, aurum ; 
 et quae Maeonias celebrarant carmine ripas 
 flumineae volucres, medio caluere Caystro. 
 Nilus in extremum fugit perterritus orbem 
 
PHAETHON. 47 
 
 occuluitque caput, quod adhuc latet. Ostia septem 255 
 pulverulenta vacant, septem sine flumine valles. 
 Fors eadem Ismarios, Hebrum cum Strymone, siccat 
 Hesperiosque amnes, Rhenum Rhodanumque Padumque, 
 cuique fuit rerum promissa potentia, Thybrin. 
 
 Dissilit omne solum, penetratque in Tartara rimis 260 
 lumen et infernum terret cum coniuge regem. 
 Et mare contrahitur, siccaeque est campus harenae 
 quod modo pontus erat ; quosque altum texerat aequor, 
 exsistunt montes et sparsas Cycladas augent. 
 Ima petunt pisces, nee se super aequora curvi 265 
 
 tollere consuetas audent delphines in auras. 
 Corpora phocarum summo resupina profundo 
 exanimata natant. Ipsum quoque Nerea fama est 
 Doridaque et natas tepidis latuisse sub antris. 
 Ter Neptunu* aquis cum torvo bracchia vultu 270 
 
 exserere ausus erat, ter non tulit aeris ignes. 
 Alma tamen Tellus, ut erat circumdata ponto, 
 inter aquas pelagi contractosque undique fontes, 
 qui se condiderant in opacae viscera matris, 
 sustulit oppressos coUo tenus arida vultus 275 
 
 opposuitque manum fronti mngnoque tremore 
 omnia concutiens paulum subsedit et infra 
 quam solet esse, fuit rancaque ita vope locuta est : 
 
 ^ Si placet hoc, meruique, quid o tua fulmina cessant, 
 summe deum ? Liceat periturae viribus ignis 280 
 
 igne perire tuo clademque auctore levare. 
 Vix equidem fauces haec ipsa in verba resolvo' — 
 presserat ora vapor — ^ tostos en aspice crines, 
 inque oculis tantum, tantum super ora favillae. 
 
48 METAMORPHOSEON II. 285-344 
 
 Hosne mihi fructus, hunc fertilitatis honorem 285 
 
 officiique refers, quod adunci vulnera aratri 
 
 rastrorumque fero totoque exerceor anno, 
 
 quod pecori frondes, alimentaque mitia, fruges 
 
 humano generi, vobis quoque tura ministro ? 
 
 Sed tamen exitium fac me meruisse, quid undae, 290 
 
 quid meruit frater ? cur illi tradita sorte 
 
 aequora decrescunt et ab aethere longius absunt ? 
 
 Quodsi nee fratris nee te mea gratia tangit, 
 
 at caeli miserere tui. Circumspice utrumque, 
 
 fumat uterque polus. Quos si vitiaverit ignis, 295 
 
 atria vestra ruent. Atlas en ipse laborat 
 
 vixque suis umeris candentem sustinet axem. 
 
 Si freta, si terrae pereunt, si regia caeli, 
 
 in chaos antiquum confundimur. Eripe flammis 
 
 si quid adhuc superest, et rerum consule summae.' 300 
 
 Dixerat haec Tellus ; neque enim tolerare vaporem 
 ulterius potuit nee dicere plura, suumque 
 rettulit OS in se propioraque manibus antra. 
 At pater omnipotens, superos testatus et ipsum 
 qui dederat currus, nisi opem ferat, omnia fato 3^5 
 
 interitura gravi, summam petit arduus arcem 
 unde solet latis nubes inducere terris, 
 unde movet tonitrus vibrataque fulmina iactat. 
 Sed neque quas posset terris inducere nubes 
 tunc habuit, nee quos caelo demitteret imbres. 3^° 
 
 Intonat et dextra libratum fulmen ab aure 
 misit in aurigam pariterque animaque rotisque 
 expulit et saevis compescuit ignibus ignes. 
 Consternantur equi et saltu in contraria facto 
 
PHAETHON. 49 
 
 colla iugo eripiunt abruptaque lora relinquunt. 3^5 
 
 lUic frena iacent, illic temone revulsus 
 axis, in hac radii fractarum parte rotarum, 
 sparsaque sunt late laceri vestigia currus.,-- 
 
 At Phaethon, rutilos flamma populante capillos, 
 volvitur in praeceps longoque per aera tractu 320 
 
 fertur, ut interdum de caelo Stella sereno, 
 etsi non cecidit, potuit cecidisse videri. 
 Quern procul a patria diverse maximus orbe 
 excipit Eridanus fumantiaque abluit ora. 
 Naides Hesperiae trifida fumantia flamma 325 
 
 corpora dant tumulo, signant quoque carmine saxum : 
 * Hie situs est Phaethon, currus auriga paterni. 
 Quem si non tenuit, magnis tamen excidit ausisA_^ 
 Nam pater obductos, luctu miserabilis aegro, 
 condiderat vultus ; et si modo credimus, unum 33*^ 
 
 isse diem sine sole ferunt. Incendia lumen 
 praebebant aliquisque malo fuit usus in illo. 
 
 At Clymene postquam dixit quaecumque fuerunt 
 in tantis dicenda malis, lugubris et amens 
 et laniata sinus totum percensuit orbem; 335 
 
 exanimesque artus primo, mox ossa requirens, 
 repperit ossa tamen peregrina condita ripa, 
 incubuitque loco, nomenque in marmore lectum 
 perfudit lacrimis et aperto pectore fovit. ^^^ 
 
 Nee minus Heliades lugent et inania morti 34° 
 
 munera dant lacrimas, et caesae pectora palmis 
 non auditurum miseras Phaethonta querellas 
 nocte dieque vocant asternunturque sepulcro. 
 Luna quater iunctis implerat cornibus orbem ; 
 
50 METAMORPHOSEON II. 345-404. 
 
 illae more suo, nam morem fecerat usus, 345 
 
 pTangoijem dederant. E quis Phaethusa, sororum 
 maxima, cum vellet terra procumbere, questa est 
 deriguisse pedes. Ad quam conata venire 
 Candida Lampetie subita radice retenta est. 
 Tertia, cum crinem manibus laniare pararet, 35° 
 
 avellit frondes. Haec stipite crura teneri, 
 ilia dolet fieri longos sua bracchia ramos. 
 Dumque ea mirantur, complectitur inguina cortex, 
 perque gradus uterum pectusque umerosque manusque 
 ambit, et exstabant tantum ora vocantia matrem. 355 
 
 Quid faciat mater, nisi, quo trahat impetus illam, 
 hue eat atque illuc et, dum licet, oscula iungat ? 
 Non satis est ; truncis avellere corpora temptat 
 et teneros manibus ramos abrumpit. At inde 
 sanguineae manant, tamquam de vulnere, guttae. 3^° 
 
 * Parce, precor, mater,' quaecumque est saucia, clamat, 
 
 * parce, precor ! nostrum laceratur in arbore corpus, 
 lamque vale ' — cortex in verba novissima venit. 
 Inde fluunt lacrimae, stillataque sole rigescunt 
 
 de ramis electra novis, quae lucidus amnis 3^5 
 
 excipit et nuribus mittit gestanda Latinis. 
 
 Adfuit huic monstro proles Stheneleia Cycnus, 
 qui tibi materno quamvis a sanguine iunctus, 
 mente tamen, Phaethon, propior fuit. Ille relicto — 
 nam Ligurum populos et magnas rexerat urbes — 37^ 
 imperio ripas virides amnemque querellis 
 Eridanum implerat silvamque sororibus auctam, 
 cum vox est tenuata viro, canaeque capillos 
 dissimulant plumae, collumque a pectore longe ^ 
 
PHAETHON. 51 
 
 porrigitur, digitosque ligat iunctura rubentes, 375 
 
 penna latus vestit, tenet os sine acumine rostrum. 
 
 Fit nova Cycnus avis nee se caeloque lovique 
 
 credit, ut iniuste missi memor ignis ab illo ; 
 
 stagna petit patulosque lacus, ignemque perosus, 
 
 quae colat, elegit contraria flumina flammis. 380 
 
 Squalidus interea genitor Phaethontis et expers 
 ipse sui decoris, qualis, cum deficit orbem, 
 esse solet, lucemque odit seque ipse diemque, 
 datque animum in luctus et luctibus adicit iram, 
 officiumque negat mundo. * Satis/ inquit, ' ab aevi 3^5 
 sors mea principiis fuit inrequieta, pigetque 
 actorum sine fine mihi, sine honore laborum. 
 Quilibet alter agat portantes lumina currus ! 
 Si nemo est, omnesque dei non posse fatentur, 
 ipse agat, ut saltem, dum nostras temptat habenas, 39° 
 orbatura patres aliquando fulmina ponat. 
 Turn sciet, ignipedum vires expertus equorum, 
 non meruisse necem, qui non bene rexerit illos.' 
 
 Talia dicente.m circumstant omnia Solem 
 numina, neve velit tenebras inducere rebus, 395 
 
 supplice voce rogant. Missos quoque luppiter ignes 
 excusat precibusque minas regaliter addit. 
 Conligit amentes et adhuc terrore paventes 
 Phoebus equos, stimuloque dolens et verbere saevit; 
 saevit enim natumque obiectat et imputat illis. 400 
 
 At pater omnipotens ingentia moenia caeli 
 circuit et, ne quid labefactum viribus ignis 
 corruat, explorat. Quae postquam firma suique 
 roboris esse videt, terras hominumque labores 
 
52 METAMORPHOSEON II. 405-508. 
 
 perspicit. Arcadiae tamen est impensior illi 405 
 
 cura suae. Fontes et nondum audentia labi 
 flumina restituit, dat terrae gramina, frondes 
 arboribus, laesasque iubet revirescere silvas. 
 
 (Jupiter loved the nymph Callisto, whom he saw in Arca- 
 dia. Juno became angry and determined to destroy Callisto^s 
 beauty.) 
 
 Dixit et adversa prensis a fronte capillis 
 stravit humi pronam. Tendebat bracchia supplex : 
 bracchia coeperunt nigris horrescere villis, 
 curvarique manus et aduncos crescere in ungues 
 officioque pedum fungi, laudataque quondam 480 
 
 ora lovi lato fieri deformia rictu. 
 Neve pieces animos et verba precantia flectant, 
 posse loqui eripitur, vox iracunda minaxque 
 plenaque terroris rauco de gutture fertur. 
 Mens antiqua tamen facta quoque mansit in ursa, 485 
 adsiduoque suos gemitu testata dolores 
 qualescumque manus ad caelum et sidera tollit 
 ingratumque lovem, nequeat cum dicere, sentit. 
 Ah quotiens, sola non ausa quiescere silva, 
 ante domum quondamque suis erravit in agris ! 49° 
 
 Ah quotiens per saxa canum latratibus acta est 
 venatrixque metu venantum territa fugit ! 
 Saepe feris latuit visis, oblita quid esset, 
 ursaque conspectos in montibus horruit ursos, 
 pertimuitque lupos, quamvis pater esset in illis. 495 
 
 Ecce, Lycaoniae proles, ignara parentis. 
 
CALLISTO. 
 
 53 
 
 Areas adest, ter quinque fere natalibus auctus ; 
 dumque feras sequitur, dum saltus eligit aptos 
 nexilibusque plagis silvas Erymanthidas ambit, 
 incidit in matrem, quae restitit Arcade viso 
 et cognoscenti similis fuit. lUe refugit 
 
 500 
 
 Juno. 
 
 immotosque oculos in se sine fine tenentem 
 nescius extimuit, propiusque accedere aventi 
 vulnifico fuerat fixurus pectora telo. 
 Arcuit omnipptens pariterque ipsosque nefasque 
 sustulit et celeri raptos per inania vento 
 imposuit caelo vicinaque sidera fecit. 
 
 Intumuit luno, postquam inter sidera paelex 
 
 505 
 
54 METAMORPHOSEON II. 509-705. 
 
 fulsit, et ad canam descendit in aequora Tethyn 
 
 Oceanumque senem, quorum reverentia movit 510 
 
 saepe deos, causamque viae scitantibus infit : 
 
 * Quaeritis aetheriis quare regina deorum 
 
 sedibus hue adsim ? Pro me tenet altera caelum. 
 
 Mentiar, obscurum nisi nox cum fecerit orbem, 
 
 nuper honoratas summo, mea vulnera, caelo 515 
 
 videritis Stellas illic ubi circulus axem 
 
 ultimus extremum spatioque brevissimus ambit. 
 
 Est vero cur quis lunonem laedere nolit 
 
 offensamque tremat, quae prosum sola nocendo ? 
 
 O, ego quantum egi ! Quam vasta potentia nostra est ! 520 
 
 Esse hominem vetui, facta est dea. Sic ego poenas 
 
 sontibus impono, sic est mea magna potestas. 
 
 Vindicet antiquam faciem vultusque ferinos 
 
 detrahat, Argolica quod in ante Phoronide fecit. 
 
 Cur non et pulsa ducat lunone meoque 525 
 
 conlocet in thalamo socerumque Lycaona sumat ? 
 
 At vos si laesae contemptus tangit alumnae, 
 
 gurgite caeruleo Septem prohibete triones.' 
 
 (Her request was granted and Juno went away in her 
 chariot with her peacocks. The change in thetn suggested 
 that of the raven^ turned black for divulging the unfaith- 
 fulness of Coronis to Apollo j of a maiden^ chaftged to a crow 
 for disclosing Ericthonius in the basket; of Nyctimene^ 
 changed to an owl; of Ocyrrhoe^ changed to a mare^ for fore- 
 telling the fate of Aesculapius^ the son of Coronis and Apollo^ 
 who was brought to the centaur Chiron.) 
 
BATTUS. 55 
 
 Flebat opemque tuam frustra Philyreius heros, 
 Delphice, poscebat. Nam nee rescindere magni 
 iussa lovis poteras, nee, si reseindere posses, 
 tune aderas. Elin Messeniaque arva eolebas. 
 Illud erat tempus quo te pastoria pellis 680 
 
 texit, onusque fuit baeulum silvestre sinistrae, 
 alterius dispar septenis fistula eannis. 
 Dumque amor est eurae, dum te tua fistula mulcet, 
 ineustoditae Pylios memorantur in agros 
 proeessisse boves. Videt has Atlantide Maia 685 
 
 natus et arte sua silvis occultat abactas. 
 Senserat hoc furtum nemo nisi notus in illo 
 rure senex ; Battum vicinia tota voeabant. 
 Divitis hie saltus herbosaque paseua Nelei 
 nobiliumque greges custos servabat equarum. 690 
 
 Hunc timuit blandaque manu seduxit et illi 
 
 * Quisquis es, hospes,' ait, ^si forte armenta requiret 
 haec aliquis, vidisse nega ; neu gratia facto 
 
 nulla rependatur, nitidam cape praemia vaccam,' 
 
 et dedit. Accepta voces has reddidit hospes, 695 
 
 * Tutus eas. Lapis iste prius tua f urta loquetur,' 
 et lapidem ostendit. Simulat love natus abire, 
 mox redit et versa pariter cum voce figura, 
 
 * Rustice, vidisti si quas hoc limite,' dixit, 
 
 * ire boves, fer opem furtoque silentia deme. 700 
 luncta suo pariter dabitur tibi femina tauro/ 
 
 At senior, postquam est merces geminata, * Sub illis 
 montibus,' inquit, * erunt.' Et erant sub montibus illis. 
 Risit Atlantiades et, ^ Me mihi, perfide, prodis ? 
 Me mihi prodis ? ' ait periuraque pectora vertit 705 
 
56 METAMORPHOSEON II. 706-793. 
 
 in durum silicem, qui nunc quoque dicitur index •, 
 inque nihil merito vetus est infamia saxo. 
 
 {Mercury went to Attica and sought the help of Aglauros 
 in his love for Herse, the daughter of Cecrops, Minerva 
 opposed this.) 
 
 Protinus Invidiae nigro squalentia tabo 760 
 
 tecta petit. Domus est imis in vallibus huius 
 abdita, sole carens, non ulli pervia vento, 
 tristis et ignavi plenissima frigoris, et quae 
 igne vacet semper, caligine semper abundet. 
 Hue ubi pervenit belli metuenda virago, 765 
 
 constitit ante domum, neque enim succedere tectis 
 fas habet, et postes extrema cuspide pulsat. 
 Concussae patuere fores. Videt intus edentem 
 vipereas carnes, vitiorum alimenta suorum, 
 Invidiam, visaque oculos avertit. At ilia 77o 
 
 surgit humo pigre semesarumque relinquit 
 corpora serpentum passuque incedit inerti ; 
 utque deam vidit formaque armisque decoram, 
 ingemuit vultumque ima ad suspiria duxit. 
 Pallor in ore sedet, macies in corpore toto, 775 
 
 nusquam recta acies, livent rubigine dentes, 
 pectora felle virent, lingua est suifusa veneno. 
 Risus abest, nisi quern visi movere dolores. 
 Nee fruitur somno, vigilacibus excita curis, 
 sed videt ingratos intabescitque videndo 780 
 
 successus hominum, carpitque et carpitur una, 
 suppliciumque suum est. Quamvis tamen oderat illam, 
 
INVIDIA. 
 
 57 
 
 talibus adfata est breviter Tritonia dictis : 
 * Infice tabe tua natarum Cecropis unam. 
 Sic opus est. Aglauros ea est/ Haud plura locuta 785 
 fugit et impressa tellurem reppulit hasta. 
 Ilia deam obliquo fugientem lumine cernens 
 
 Minerva. 
 
 murmura parva dedit, successurumque Minervae 
 indoluit, baculumque capit, quod spinea totum 
 vincula cingebant ; adopertaque nubibus atris, 
 quacumque ingreditur, florentia proterit arva 
 exuritque herbas et summa cacumina carpit 
 adflatuque suo populos urbesque domosque 
 
 790 
 
58 METAMORPHOSEON II. 794-843. 
 
 polluit, et tandem Tritonida conspicit arcem 
 
 ingeniis opibusque et festa pace virentem, 795 
 
 vixque tenet lacrimas, quia nil lacrimabile cernit. 
 
 Sed postquam thalamos intravit Cecrope natae, 
 
 iussa facit pectusque manu ferrugine tincta 
 
 tangit et hamatis praecordia sentibus implet, 
 
 inspiratque nocens virus piceumque per ossa 8oo 
 
 dissipat et medio spargit pulmone venenum. 
 
 The Acropolis, Athens. 
 
 Neve mali causae spatium per latius errent, 
 
 germanam ante oculos fortunatumque sororis 
 
 coniugium pulchraque deum sub imagine ponit, 
 
 cunctaque magna facit. Quibus inritata, dolore 805 
 
 Cecropis occulto mordetur et anxia nocte, 
 
 anxia luce gemit, lentaque miserrima tabe 
 
 liquitur, ut glacies inserto saucia sole ; 
 
 felicisque bonis non lenius uritur Herses 
 
 quam cum spinosis ignis supponitur herbis, 8io 
 
 quae neque dant flammas lenique tepore cremantur. 
 
AGLAUROS. 59 
 
 Denique in adverse venientem limine sedit 
 exclusura deum. Cui blandimenta precesque 815 
 
 verbaque iactanti mitissima, *Desine/ dixit, 
 
 * hinc ego me non sum nisi te motura repulse' 
 
 * Stpmus/ ait, *pacto,' velox Cyllenius, *isto,' 
 caelatasque fores virga patefecit. At illi 
 
 surgere conanti, partes quascumque sedendo 820 
 
 flectimus ignava nequeunt gravitate moveri. 
 
 Ilia quidem pugnat recto se attollere trunco, 
 
 sed genuum iunctura riget, frigusque per inguen 
 
 labitur, et pallent amisso sanguine venae. 
 
 Utque malum late solet immedicabile cancer 825 
 
 serpere et inlaesas vitiatis addere partes, 
 
 sic letalis hiems paulatim in pectora venit 
 
 vitalesque vias et respiramina clausit. 
 
 Nee conata loqui est, nee, si conata fuisset, 
 
 vocis habebat iter. Saxum iam colla tenebat, 830 
 
 oraque duruerant, signumque exsangue sedebat. 
 
 Nee lapis albus erat : sua mens infecerat illam. 
 
 Has ubi verborum poenas mentisque profanae 
 cepit Atlantiades, dictas a Pallade terras 
 linquit et ingreditur iactatis aethera pennis. 835 
 
 Sevocat hunc genitor. Nee causam fassus amoris 
 ^ Fide minister,' ait, ^iussorum, nate, meorum, 
 pelle moram solitoque celer delabere cursu, 
 quaeque tuam matrem tellus a parte sinistra 
 suspicit, indigenae Sidonida nomine dicunt, 840 
 
 banc pete, quodque procul montano gramine pasci 
 armentum regale vides, ad litora verte.' 
 
 Dixit, et expulsi iamdudum monte iuvenci 
 
60 METAMORPHOSEON II. 844-875. 
 
 litora iussa petunt, ubi magni filia regis 
 ludere virginibus Tyriis comitata solebat. 84*5 
 
 Non bene conveniunt nee in una sede morantur 
 maiestas et amor. Sceptri gravitate relicta, 
 ille pater rectorque deum cui dextra trisulcis 
 ignibus armata est, qui nutu concutit orbem, 
 induitur faciem tauri mixtusque iuvencis 850 
 
 mugit et in teneris formosus obambulat herbis. 
 Quippe color nivis est, quam nee vestigia duri 
 calcavere pedis nee solvit aquaticus auster. 
 Colla toris exstant ; armis palearia pendent ; 
 cornua parva quidem, sed quae contendere possis 855 
 facta manu, puraque magis perlucida gemma. 
 Nullae in fronte minae, nee formidable lumen • 
 , pacem vultus habet. Miratur Agenore nata, 
 quod tarn formosus, quod proelia nulla minetur. 
 Sed, quamvis mitem, metuit contingere primo : 860 
 
 mox adit et flores ad Candida porrigit ora. 
 Nunc latus in fulvis niveum deponit harenis ; 865 
 
 paulatimque metu dempto modo pectora praebet 
 virginea palpanda manu, modo cornua sertis 
 impedienda novis. Ausa est quoque regia virgo, 
 nescia quem premeret, tergo considere tauri, 
 cum deus a terra siccoque a litore sensim '870 
 
 fissa pedum primis vestigia ponit in undis : 
 inde abit ulterius mediique per aequora ponti 
 fert praedam. Pavet haec litusque ablata relictum 
 respicit, et dextra cornum tenet, altera dorso 
 imposita est : tremulae sinuantur fiamine vestes. ^75 
 
 h 
 
NOTES. 
 
 AUTOBIOGRAPHY. 
 
 Tristium : there were five books of these elegies, called by Ovid 
 Tristia because they were written in exile. 
 
 1 . lUe ego : these words, placed before qui for emphasis, announce 
 the subject of this elegy. Ille may be translated with lusor. — 
 fuerim : the tense is from the point of view of the reader, not the 
 writer. The clause has a very emphatic position, since it is placed 
 before ut, though the object of noris. — amorum: Ovid wrote in 
 early life three books of poems, called Amores, and other love 
 poems besides. 
 
 2. quern legis explains lusor. — ut noris shows the purpose of 
 accipe. 
 
 3. Sulmo was among the Apennines. 
 
 4. Urbe : Rome. 
 
 6. cecidit . . . pari : this was the year 43 B.C., when in the month 
 of April, near Mutina, in Northern Italy, the consuls Pansa and 
 Hirtius were slain in successive victories over Antony. Such an 
 unusual event had not taken place since the Second Punic War. 
 
 8. fortunae munere: after the proscriptions of the civil wars 
 many families were raised to the nobility. 
 
 12. una . . . dies: observe the gender of dies, meaning a^^/. — duo 
 liba : the custom of giving birthday cakes seems to have been an 
 old one. 
 
 13. festis : the Quinquatrus, a festival sacred to Minerva, was 
 celebrated on the nineteenth of March. The next four days were 
 
 61 
 
62 NOTES. 
 
 devoted to gladiatorial contests. The first of these, therefore, 
 would be the twentieth of March, Ovid's birthday. 
 
 15. teneri : through our early years ; first home training, then the 
 teaching of men of Rome, famous for their skill. 
 
 19. caelestia sacra: the divine art of poetry. 
 
 22. Maeonides : Homer, according to one tradition, said to be a 
 native of Maeonia or Lydia. 
 
 23. Helicone : this mountain, the home of the Muses and sacred 
 to Apollo, is used for poetry. In his " Progress of Poesy " Gray 
 makes it the starting point of poetry, thus : 
 
 " From Helicon's harmonious springs 
 A thousand rills their mazy progress take." 
 
 25. numeros : numbers, referring to the measures of poetry ; so 
 Longfellow : " Tell me not, in mournful numbers." 
 
 28. liberior . . . toga : this was the toga virilis, generally assumed 
 by the Roman boy at the completion of his fourteenth year. It 
 took the place of the toga praetexta, the garment of children. The 
 toga was a large, flowing outer garment, carried over the left shoul- 
 der around the body and then over the left shoulder again. 
 
 29. lato . . . clavo : this broad stripe of purple was the sign of 
 senatorial rank, but it was allowed by Augustus to the sons of some 
 equites of high position, thus indicating that they were to become 
 senators. 
 
 33. primos . . . honores : it was necessary for the Roman citizen 
 to pass through several grades of office in order to reach the highest 
 positions. Thus Cicero says that the Roman People raised him 
 ad summum imperium per omnis honorum gradus. — Cat. I. 11. 
 
 34. eque viris . . . tribus: although there were other commissions 
 of three, it is probable that Ovid became one of the police commis- 
 sioners. 
 
 35. curia restabat : a poetical way of saying that Ovid did not 
 become a senator. — mensura coacta est : if a young man that had 
 the privilege of becoming a senator did not wish to do so, his broad 
 stripe was made narrow, still designating his rank in the equestrian 
 order. To Ovid the senatorial life was irksome. He facetiously 
 
AUTOBIOGRAPHY. 63 
 
 says in the next line that the broad purple stripe was too heavy for 
 his strength. 
 
 38. fugax ambitionis : the genitive is used with verbals in ax. 
 
 39. Aoniae . . . sorores : the Muses. 
 
 42. aderant : were present in any company where Ovid was ; tot 
 is implied with deos as the antecedent of quot. 
 
 43. suas volucres : his birds y the subject of a poem. Macer, a 
 Roman poet, who died 16 B.C., a native of Verona, wrote a poem or 
 poems on birds, serpents, and plants. 
 
 45. Propertius : an elegiac poet, born in Umbria about 51 B.C. 
 He closely followed Greek models, but was highly regarded by the 
 Romans. — ignes : used for poems because of their divine or inspired 
 character. 
 
 46. iure SOdalicii : in or in accordance with the tie of brotherhood. 
 They both evidently belonged to the same society or club. 
 
 47. Ponticus, of whom Ovid speaks as famous for his heroic or 
 Epic verse, is mentioned by Propertius, but is little known. Little 
 also is known of Ovid's friend Bassus, a writer of iambics. 
 
 49. Horatius : Horace was born in Apulia, 65 B.C., more than 
 twenty years before Ovid's birth. He showed the power of the 
 Latin language in polished verse, as seen in his Odes, Satires, and 
 Epistles. 
 
 51. tantum: only. — TibuUo: TibuUus, one of the great elegiac 
 poets, was born about 54 B.C., and died about 19 B.C. 
 
 53. Galle : Gallus was born in Gaul about 66 B.C. His collec- 
 tion of elegies in four books has perished. 
 
 56. Thalia : one of the nine Muses, here used for poetry. 
 
 63. cum fugerem : Ovid went into exile a.d. 9. 
 
 66. quodque . . . moveret : que connects this clause to inexpu- 
 gnabile as another predicate after erat. moveret is in the subjunctive 
 mode in a relative clause of result characterizing an indefinite 
 antecedent. 
 
 67. cum : concessive, though. — hie : this oncy such a one. 
 70. nupta f uit : remained my wife. 
 
 72. in nostro firma . . . toro : long my wife. 
 
 78. lustris : there was a purification of the Roman people in the 
 
64 NOTES. 
 
 Campus Martius after the census was taken. As this occurred once 
 in five years, the time between the purifications was also called a 
 lustrum. Then the term was used for any period of five years. 
 
 87. fama . . . mea : repjrt about ?ne. 
 
 88. crimina nostra : charges against me. 
 
 89. causam : although there are many conjectures, what he says 
 here is all that is known of the cause of his enforced exile. 
 
 95. Pisaea . . . oliva : the olive was the symbol of victory in the 
 Olympic games. Although the Olympiad was, strictly speaking, a 
 period of four years, it is used here by the poet for the lustrum. 
 Accordingly Ovid was fifty years of age at the time of his banishment. 
 
 106. cepi temporis arma : / took up the arms or work of the 
 time, i.e., I met the emergency, or exigency. 
 
 108. stellae: Ovid's difficulties and misfortunes were as many as 
 all the stars. The visible stars around the north pole indicated a 
 hidden pole below, the south pole. 
 
 no. Sarmatis : the Sarmatians dwelt in what is now Russia and 
 Poland. The adjective is used for the shore of the Black Sea. The 
 Getae dwelt south of the Danube. 
 
 113. Quod refers to carmine and is the subject of referatur. 
 
 115. quod vivo : that I am alive ; depends upon gratia. 
 
 118. curae requies : as a rest from care. 
 
 119. abducis : in imagination and enjoyment. 
 
 130. utmoriar: concessive clause. 
 
 131. carmine : by my song; in the same construction as favore. 
 
 132. iure: modifies ago. 
 
 Amorum: the Amores consisted of forty-nine poems arranged in 
 three books. They were published about 9 B.C. They are chiefly 
 amatory in character. The following extract is personal, giving the 
 poet's estimate of poetry in comparison with regal power or gold 
 or display, and also his hope of immortality. 
 
 36. Castalia . . . aqua : from the fountain near Delphi, repre- 
 senting the inspiration of poetry. 
 
 38. soUicito . . . amante : the ablative absolute, expressing the 
 relation of time. 
 
FIRST BOOK. 65 
 
 METAMORPHOSES. 
 
 FIRST BOOK. 
 
 1-4. Introduction. 
 
 1 . In nova : the thought is completed when corpora is read. — 
 fert aninms : niy soul moves me^ — / would. 
 
 2. coeptis meis: my undertaking ; coeptum is rare in the singular. 
 — et iliac : upon this way also. The poet desired that, as the gods 
 had already favored him in other courses of thought, so they would 
 favor him while he pursued this way also, new to Roman poetry — 
 the story of the Metamorphoses. 
 
 3. aspirate : since favorable breezes bear on the ship. 
 
 4. perpetuum carmen : the adjective is used predicatively with 
 the object. It is a song of the changes of form from the formation 
 of the world to the deification of Julius Caesar. 
 
 5-20. The original chaos with all elements mingled in one mass. 
 
 5. terras : plural as including all that belongs to the earth. 
 
 7. chaos : see vocabulary. 
 
 8. eodem: iiito one place. 
 
 9. non . . . rerum : the warri7ig elements of matter not properly 
 united. 
 
 10. lumina: its beams. — Titan: sun; as below, Phoebe, »^<7t?«, 
 and Amphitrite, sea; the person for the thing personified, while 
 tellus is employed without personification. The Titans were the' 
 children of Uranus and Gaea, but Titan is put for Apollo, the son of 
 the Titan Hyperion. 
 
 11. nova: predicate adjective. — crescendo: by waxing. 
 
 13. ponderibus librata suis: balanced by its own load; the 
 plural refers to the burdens the earth bears, rather than to its 
 own weight. 
 
 14. margine : in poetry without a preposition. 
 
 15. Ut . . . sic : though . . .yet. 
 
 16. instabilis : not firm. — innabilis: not liquid. These words 
 are translated as passive by some, but instabilis would not be so 
 regarded if it were not for innabilis. As Ovid apparently invented 
 
66 NOTES. 
 
 the latter word, it seems better to regard no as mea.nmgJiow than to 
 change the regular meaning of instabilis. 
 
 17. Null! : neuter gender, not used thus in the best prose. — sua : 
 //j- proper ; coming after nuUi, it refers to it. 
 
 19. pugnabant ; joined by the poets with the dative as well as 
 with cum with the ablative. 
 
 20. sine pondere : to complete the parallelism, consider the phrase 
 equivalent to eis quae sine pondere sunt. 
 
 21-31. The separation of the elements. 
 
 21. deus et melior natura: two different designations of the 
 same divine power. Translate et and so. 
 
 23. liquidum caelum: the pure aether, often associated with the 
 element of fire. — spisso aere : the atmosphere, dense with mists 
 and clouds. 
 
 24. quae : the four elements already mentioned. — caeco acervo : 
 indistinguishable mass, i.e., chaos. 
 
 26. et : connects ignea and sine pondere, adjective modifiers of 
 vis. 
 
 27. summa in arce : on the top of the height, at the top. 
 29. tellus : supply ^j/. — traxit: attracted. 
 
 31. ultima possedit : took possession of the outermost edges, since 
 the earth is spoken of as a disk. — possedit : from possido. 
 
 32-51. The arrangement of the earth'' s surface. 
 
 32. Sic modifies dispositam. 
 
 33. secuit sectamque : the repetition by means of the participle 
 is common in Latin. — membra : the four elements. 
 
 34. ne non : in order that, a more forcible expression than ut. 
 
 35. speciem in orbis : the preposition is frequently placed after 
 its noun in poetry when followed by the genitive. — orbis : of a bally 
 as glomeravit shows. The poet joins the views of the philosophers 
 with those of the people. 
 
 38. Translate the first et also. 
 
 39. Obliquis: crooked, winding. 
 
 40. ab ipsa : by the earth itself; as the Lycus and other rivers 
 mentioned by Ovid, Met. XV. 273 £f. 
 
 41. campo liberioris aquae : the expanse of the open sea. 
 
FIRST BOOK. 67 
 
 42. ripis : of rivers. — litora : of the sea. 
 
 46. secant : divide. — quinta : the middle one. 
 
 47. onus inclusum : the earth inclosed by the heavens. 
 
 48. tellure : preposition omitted in poetry. 
 
 50. locavit ; the subject is cura del understood. 
 
 51. flamma : the cause used by metonymy for the result. 
 52-68. The air and the aether. 
 
 52. his : the zones of the earth. — quanto : the four elements are 
 arranged according to their increase in weight as follows : aether, 
 air, water, earth. 
 
 55. motura : destined to terrify. 
 
 56. cum: used with the ablative instead of a conjunction uniting 
 two objects. The ancients believed that the winds produced the 
 lightning and the cold by causing the clouds to rub together. 
 
 57. his : the winds. — non passim : a particular wind was allowed 
 to blow from only one direction. 
 
 59. cum: concessive. — quisque : partitive appositive with the 
 subject of regant. 
 
 60. quin : used with the subjunctive after vix obsistitur, which 
 is substantially equivalent to a negative clause of resistance. — 
 fratrum : the winds were gods, the sons of the Titans Astraeus and 
 Aurora. They are represented with wings and symbols of their 
 influence, as seen upon the Tower of the Winds in Athens. 
 
 62. radiis . . . matutinio: the mountains that lie beneath the rays 
 of the morning sun, the mountains of India. — matutinis : ends a 
 spondaic line. 
 
 63. et connects vesper and the relative clause used substantively, 
 since litora is incorporated in the clause. 
 
 64. septemque trionem : the form by tmesis for the sake of the 
 rhythm is used instead of septemtrionemque ; septemtrio is the name 
 of the constellation of the Great Bear, the Wagon ; or in the plural 
 septemtrionesj the seven stars, five representing the wagon and two 
 the ploughing oxen. The word is used here for the northern regions. 
 
 66. ab : under the influence of^ in consequence of. 
 
 67. haec : the air and the mists, clouds, and winds in it. — super : 
 placed after its case in poetry by anastrophe. 
 
68 NOTES. 
 
 68. imposuit : the subject is mundi fabricator, mentioned in 1. 57. 
 
 69-75. The appearance of life. 
 
 70. cum takes the indicative, as the cum-clause expresses the 
 main thought and is in effect principal. — dissaepserat really defines 
 the time. 
 
 72. neu : instead of et ne, — orba: equivalent to the preposition 
 without. 
 
 73. astra : the ancient philosophers regarded the stars as having 
 life and reason. — formaeque deorum : the gods are thought of in 
 human, bodily form. 
 
 76-88. The creation of man. 
 
 76. his refers to the living beings of the world just mentioned. 
 
 — mentis: reason. 
 
 77. deerat : when two ^'s come together in desum, they are pro- 
 nounced as one letter. — et quod . . . posset : and such as would be 
 able. The relative clause is connected as an adjective to the other 
 modifiers of animal. 
 
 78. homo : man is made last, as in Genesis I. 27. — divino semine : 
 the poet does not decide whether man was made from divine material 
 or from earth that retained some of the divine element. 
 
 79. origo : metonymy, the result for the actor; compare line 51. 
 
 81. COgnati : since heaven and earth were recently mingled in 
 chaos. 
 
 82. quam refers to tellus. — satus : used often in poetry for natus. 
 
 — lapeto : lapetusy one of the Titans, the son of Uranus and Gaea. 
 This myth of the origin of man by the act of the son of lapetus, 
 Prometheus, belongs to a time later than Hesiod. The first letter of 
 lapeto is to be pronounced long and as a vowel. 
 
 83. moderantum ; the genitive ending um was often used by the 
 poets instead of ium on account of the meter. 
 
 84. cum: notwithstanding. 
 
 86. erectos : used predicatively. 
 
 87. sine imagine : formless when in chaos. — tellus : as element. 
 
 88. induit : passed through the change into human form. Trans- 
 late so earth changed into the unknown forms of men. — ignotas : 
 unknown^ neWy as there were no men before. 
 
FIRST BOOK. 69 
 
 89-112. The Golden Age. 
 
 89. Aurea: the names of the metals, beginning with the most 
 precious, are used simply to show the relative value of the ages. 
 While Ovid gives four periods, other poets vary the number, as 
 Hesiod, five ; Aratus, three ; and Vergil, two. — vindice nuUo : 
 translate the ablative absolute by without. 
 
 92. aere : laws with the penalties for disobedience were engraved 
 on bronze tablets and set up in the forum or other public place ; 
 as, for example, the laws of the Twelve Tables. — supplex turba : 
 the accused, with his friends, implored mercy from the judge. 
 
 93. erant : people. 
 
 94. caesa, on account of its ending, can be joined with no word 
 until pinus is read. Although caesa, suis, peregrinum are followed 
 in inverse order by orbem, montibus, and pinus, there is no ambi- 
 guity on account of the inflectional endings. — orbem : for a part of 
 the world, as in English. 
 
 96. norant : from nosco. 
 
 97. nondum : notice non at the beginning of each clause. 
 
 loi. ipsa: attention is attracted by its long separation from 
 tellus. 
 
 102. per se: equivalent to sponte sua. 
 
 106. Jovis arbore : the oak was sacred to Jupiter and in the 
 southern countries bore acorns that were suitable for food. 
 
 108. sine semine : without any one's sowing the seed. 
 
 no. nee: equivalent to et non; the et connects the clauses and 
 non modifies renovatus. — canebat : with long a. 
 
 III. flumina : compare Exodus III. 8 ; the gifts of the land can be 
 had in abundance (flumina), and also with ease (stillabant). 
 
 1 13-124. The Silver Age. 
 
 113. Saturno : Saturn was an old Italian deity. He was identi- 
 fied with the Greek Cronus, the son of Uranus and Gaea, and was 
 therefore called the father of Jupiter, Neptune, Pluto, Juno, Ceres, 
 and Vesta. He was overthrown and put down into the lower world 
 by his sons. 
 
 114. Jove: the realm of Saturn was divided by lot. Jupiter 
 obtained the heavens and the earth and the real leadership, Neptune 
 
70 NOTES. 
 
 the sea, and Pluto the lower world. — subiit : the last syllable is long 
 in compounds of iit^ as abiit, adiit^ interiit^ rediit^ subiit, and also in 
 petiit. — proles : the people for the time in which they lived. 
 
 ii6. contraxit : for before it was perpetual ; 1. 107. 
 
 117. inaequales: variable as to weather. Notice the three 
 spondees at the end of the line. 
 
 119. fervoribus : the plural for the singular. 
 
 120. ventis: joined with astricta. — pependit: used because of 
 the shape. 
 
 121. domus Domus : notice the quantity of u in the two words. 
 The poet likes to join successive clauses by repetition of a word. 
 
 122. cortice : bark, used here for liber , the proper word for the 
 inner bark. 
 
 123. Cerealia : Ceres was the goddess of the grain and of agri- 
 culture. 
 
 125-150. The Bronze and the Iron Age. 
 
 128. venae peioris aevum : age of baser metal ; the vein or ore 
 bed put for the metal. 
 
 129. pudor: the scorning of wrong. 
 
 133. quaeque : as trees. — quae refers to carinae. 
 
 134. insultavere : danced. 
 
 135. communem: common to all. — lumina et auras: attracted 
 into the accusative by humum instead of the full expression ceu 
 lumina solis et aurae communia sunt. 
 
 137* segetes: the accusative of the thing, retained in the passive 
 voice. — debita : man gave the ground the seed, and it owed him the 
 harvest in return. 
 
 139. recondiderat : the subject refers to humus. — Stygiis . . . 
 umbris : that is, buried very deep near the under- wo rid, or land of 
 the shades of the dead. The river Styx flowed around that land. 
 
 141. Notice ferrum ferroque and prodierat; prodit. 
 
 142. utroque : war makes use of gold as well as iron. 
 
 143. crepitantia concutit arma : the sound of the words har- 
 monizes with the sense. 
 
 145. socer a genero: the reader in Ovid's time might have 
 thought of Caesar and Pompey. 
 
FIRST BOOK. 
 
 71 
 
 147. lurida is active in meaning and refers not to the color of 
 the aconita but to that of the victim. 
 
 148. filius : the son in his desire for the property inquires of the 
 astrologers the time of the death of his father long before it could 
 be expected. 
 
 149. Virgo : in earlier times all the gods lived upon the earth. 
 Now that men were so bad, the goddess of justice, Astraea, so 
 called from her father, Astraeus, the god of the stars, left the earth 
 and became the constellation Virgo in the heavens. 
 
 150. caelestum: iox caelestium. Compare 1. 83. 
 
 Jupiter Conquering the Giants. 
 
 151-162. The fight of the giants against the gods and the race of 
 men that sprang from their blood. 
 
 151. aether: the dwelling-place of the gods. 
 
 152. Gigantas : the giants are mentioned in the Odyssey, and 
 by Hesiod. They are later confounded with the Titans who, before 
 this, fought against Jupiter. 
 
 154* Olympum : the mountain, not the dwelling-place of the gods. 
 Olympus was placed upon Pelion and Pelion upon Ossa. The 
 Thessalian giants Otus and Ephialtes are spoken of in the Odyssey 
 as engaged in that work. 
 
 156. mole sua: their own massive work, the three mountains 
 
72 NOTES. 
 
 that they had piled up. — corpora dira : Ovid in Fast. V. 35 speaks 
 of the giants as having a thousand hands and snakes instead of 
 legs. 
 
 157. natorum: the giants v^^ere the children of Terra. 
 
 160. vertisse 'rcruorem is understood as object. — et : as well as 
 the giants. 
 
 162. scires : the condition, if you gave attention to it, is implied. 
 — natos ; according to the sense, instead of 7tatam. 
 
 163-167. Jupiter y troubled by the wickedness of the race and by the 
 deed of Lycaon^ called a council of the gods. 
 
 164. facto recenti: since the deed was recent. 
 
 165. ref erens : bringing to mind. — foeda convivia: because 
 human flesh was served. 
 
 168-177. The place of the council. 
 
 169. lactea: in the nominative case agreeing with the subject 
 via, instead of agreeing with nomen. It is also the form adapted to 
 the hexameter verse. 
 
 170. tecta and domum: different expressions for the same place. 
 
 172. atria : the atrium was the principal room of a Roman house, 
 and was connected by a passageway with the street. Here the friends 
 and clients of the master of the house gathered to pay him their 
 respects. — nobiliutn : the gods are spoken of as nobles and plebs, 
 the former comprising the great gods, the latter the lesser deities. 
 
 173. hac : of it, that is the via. — potentes : as above, the great 
 gods. 
 
 174. penates : the household gods for the dwellings. 
 
 176. dixisse: the perfect infinitive used in poetry in imitation of 
 the Greek aorist instead of the present. — Palatia : the plural is used 
 to show the grandeur of the edifice. The palatium was the name of 
 the dwelling of Augustus on the Palatine hill. 
 
 1 77-1 81. Jupiter shook his head and spoke. 
 
 177. recessu: a room in the interior of the palace. 
 
 178. loco : his seat was upon his high throne. 
 
 180. cum qua : with which at the same time. 
 
 181. Talibus modis : dative of purpose ; for such words, for the 
 following words, or else ablative of manner. See vocabulary. 
 
FIRST BOOK. 
 
 73 
 
 182-198. Jupiter declared that the human race must be destroyed ^ 
 but he desired to secure the safety of the rustic deities. 
 
 183. centum : join with bracchia. — quisque : join with angui- 
 pedum. Snake feet were thought of as belonging to the giants, 
 because these mighty beings were supposed to be born of the earth. 
 
 184. captivo : in expectation that the heavens would be taken. 
 
 186. corpora : one class or kind of beings instead of the whole race. 
 
 187. Nereus : the son of Pontus and Gaea, the sea god put for 
 the sea, a very common kind of metonymy in the poets, as Bacchus 
 for wine and Apollo for sun. 
 
 188. flumina: the gods feared to break the oath when they swore 
 by the river of the lower world. 
 
 191. sincera : whole, entire. — trahatur : be drawn to destruction. 
 
 193. faunique : que is sometimes long in the second and fifth 
 foot of an hexameter verse when followed 
 by another que. — fauni, satyri, silvani : 
 Faunus and Silvanus were old Italian deities, 
 the one a field god, the other a god of the 
 woods and herds as well. They were iden- 
 tified with the Greek god Pan. They were 
 both regarded as plural for different places. 
 The satyrs, companions of Bacchus, were 
 associated and identified with the fauns. 
 
 196. an : the first part of the double 
 question is omitted. 
 
 198. Lycaon : the story of Lycaon is soon 
 to be told. 
 
 199-208. The gods applauded and Jupiter, 
 after checking their shouts, again spoke. 
 
 199. studiis explains the manner of deposcunt. 
 
 200. talia : the object of ausum, the whole equivalent to eum 
 qui talia ausus esset. — depOSCunt : for punishment. — sic intro- 
 duces a simile comparing the feeling of the gods in support of 
 Jupiter to the dismay which followed the assassination of Julius 
 Caesar and also to the popular favor in which Augustus was held. 
 — manus : the band of conspirators. — saevit : historical present. 
 
 Faunus. 
 
74 NOTES. 
 
 202. ruinae : fall^ the death of Julius Caesar. 
 
 204. pietas : regard, dutiful feeling cherished towards parents, 
 gods, country, etc. — tuorum : your people, subjects. 
 
 205. manu: gesture. 
 
 207. regentis : as a substantive. 
 
 209-243. Jupiter related the wickedness and punishment of Lycaon 
 and, declaring all guilty, demanded their punishment. 
 210. admissum : crime. 
 
 213. humana sub imagine : in the for?n of a man. 
 
 214. Longa mora est : it would take too lo7tg. 
 
 215. vero: than the reality. 
 
 216. Maenala (the plural of Maenalus), Cyllene, and Lycaeus 
 were mountains in Arcadia. 
 
 217. cum : as in 1. 56. 
 
 218. Arcadis tyranni ; Lycaon. 
 
 220. Signa dedi : either by look or step, or other appearance 
 different from that of mortals. 
 
 222. discrimine aperto : by a plain test. 
 
 225. parat : he did not have the opportunity to carry out his pur- 
 pose on account of that which happened at supper. 
 
 227. obsidis : Lycaon shows his wickedness still farther by slaying 
 a hostage. 
 
 228. semineces : not yet cold. — ferventibus : the early Greeks 
 did not boil their meat. 
 
 230. mensis : translate by the plural, as each guest in early times 
 had his own table. — flamma : lightning. 
 
 231. dignos : of such a master. 
 
 232. silentia ruris : because it was night. 
 
 233. Ab ipso : from Lycaon himself, his own character. 
 
 237. lupus : the Greek word for wolf, Xi^/cos, corresponds to the 
 name Lycaon. — veteris : his outward appearance had agreed some- 
 what with his character. 
 
 240. non . . . una : not one alone, but all. — perire : dependent 
 upon digna instead of the usual relative clause. 
 
 242. jurasse : the subject refers to the people of the earth. — 
 putes : compare note, 1. 162. 
 
FIRST BOOK. 75 
 
 244-253. Though the gods heartily approved^ they were sorry for 
 the loss of the human race ; but fupiter promised them a different 
 people. 
 
 244. pars . . . alii is equivalent to alii . . . alii. — voce . . . 
 adsensibus : some approved with words, others with signs, as clap- 
 ping. — stimulos : a metaphor, using the language of urging on a 
 horse. 
 
 245. partes : object of implent. It refers to their duty or allegi- 
 ance to their lord. 
 
 250. enim explains the reason why the gods should not be 
 troubled. 
 
 252. origine mira : the character of this origin is explained later. 
 
 253-261. Jupiter decided not to destroy men with fire and light- 
 nings but with a flood of water. 
 
 254. sacer : because it was the dwelling-place of the gods. 
 
 255. axis : the pole or axis passing through the heavens and 
 earth, around which the heavens revolved ; then used for the heavens. 
 
 256. fatis : the book of fate. Even Jupiter could not change 
 that which was determined. 
 
 257. correpta : by the fire. — regia : originally used with domus. 
 
 258. operosa : made with toil and art. 
 
 259. fabricata Cyclopum: in the Odyssey the Cyclops are 
 represented as malicious, one-eyed giants, but Hesiod applies the 
 name to three sons of Uranus and Gaea, who fashion lightning and 
 thunder for Jupiter. The Cyclops were afterwards represented as 
 helpers of Vulcan in the furnaces of Sicily. 
 
 262-273. ^y ^^^^^ of the south wind Jupiter brought on heavy 
 rains. 
 
 262. Aeoliis : Jupiter gave Aeolus charge of the winds, which, 
 according to Vergil, he confined in a cave oji the island Lipara, 
 north of Sicily. Other poets mention different places. See note, 
 1. 60. — Aquilonem : this wind is sent away because it brought clear, 
 fair weather ; compare 1. 328. 
 
 267. sinus : the folds of his garment held up by the girdle. 
 
 271. alimenta: the ancients believed that moisture drawn up by 
 the rainbow supplied the clouds. 
 
76 NOTES. 
 
 272. deplorata and inritus: connect as predicate words with the 
 respective verbs. 
 
 273. vota : hopes i that is the crops for which they had hoped 
 and prayed. 
 
 274-290. Neptune came to Jupiter's aid and poured the waters of 
 river and sea over the land. 
 
 275. caeruleus : because he dwelt in the sea, to which this 
 epithet is often appHed. — auxiliaribus : like a general with an army 
 of allies. 
 
 276. tecta : the palace of Neptune was at the bottom of the sea. 
 Homer described it as golden, glittering, ever enduring. 
 
 279. domos : caverns, the sources of the springs in the depths of 
 earth. — mole : the rocks or dams that blocked up the springs. 
 
 280. immittite habenas : as in 1. 244 a metaphor taken from the 
 driving of horses ; so also below, relaxant and defrenato cursu. 
 
 282. volvuntur : here the metaphor is dropped. 
 
 286. satis : notice the difference in quantity of satis derived from 
 sero and satis, sufficient. The repetition of conjunctions in this 
 and the following line calls attention to the fact that all happened 
 at once. 
 
 290. turres : the high buildings. 
 
 291-312. The condition of living beings, as the flood rose in height. 
 
 291. mare: compare the synonym pontus. 
 
 292. deerant : see note, 1. 77. 
 
 295. summa : certain adjectives often designate a particular part 
 of an object. 
 
 299. Notice the alliteration in this line. 
 
 302. Nereides : the daughters of the sea god Nereus ; see note, 
 1. 187. 
 
 305. vires fulminis : put for the tusks of the wild boar on 
 account of their quickness and power. 
 
 307. terris : in the plural because the bird seeks here and there 
 different parts of the land. 
 
 309. tumulos . . . montana cacumina: first the hills, then the 
 mountains, as the waves rose higher. 
 
 310. novi: as they had never reached the mountains before. 
 
FIRST BOOK. 77 
 
 311. Maxima pars : of the living beings. 
 
 313-323. The landing of Deucalion and Pyrrha on Mt. 
 Parnassus. 
 
 313. Aonios: the old name of the inhabitants of Boeotia. — 
 Phocis lies between Boeotia and the Oeta mountains on the southern 
 border of Thessaly. 
 
 315. subitarum : that suddenly rose. 
 
 316. verticibus duobus: while there are two ridges that rise one 
 on each side of the Castalian spring, there is one peak far higher 
 than any other, rising to a height of more than eight thousand feet. 
 
 318. Deucalion : he was the son of Prometheus, and Pyrrha, his 
 wife, was the daughter of Epimetheus, his father's brother. There 
 is a story, not found in Ovid, that Deucalion afterwards ruled in 
 Phthia of Thessaly and that Hellen, the ancestor of the Hellenes, 
 was his son. 
 
 320. Corycidas : there was a cave called Corycus on the slope of 
 Parnassus, sacred to the nymphs. — numina montis : may refer to 
 the Muses. 
 
 321. Themin: Themis was one of the Titans, a daughter of 
 Uranus and Gaea. She was the goddess of Justice and mother of the 
 Hours and the Fates. It was at a later period that the oracle became 
 Apollo's. — oracla : contraction of oracula. 
 
 324-347. Then Jupiter stayed the floods Neptune calmed the sea^ 
 and the waters returned to their place. 
 
 326. The poet secures emphasis by repetition; see 11. 361-362. 
 328. aquilone: see 1. 262. 
 
 330. tricuspide : compare tridente^ 1. 283. 
 
 331. rector pelagi : Neptune. 
 
 332. murice : used collectively. 
 
 333. caenileum: because connected with the sea. — Tritona : 
 Triton, a sea god, was the son of Neptune and Amphitrite, who was 
 the daughter of Nereus. 
 
 335. illi : equivalent to ab illo. 
 
 336. turbine : used to designate the mouthpiece. 
 
 338. utroque Phoebo : the rising and the setting sun, for the east 
 and the west. Compare 1. 354. 
 
78 NOTES. 
 
 340. contigit : the subject is buci7ta. — cecinit . . . receptus: 
 usually the dative after canere. 
 
 343. flumina : waters. — videntur : are seen. 
 
 344. plenos : the rivers are still full. 
 
 346. diem longam : observe the meaning and gender. 
 
 348-366. Deucalion addressed Pyrrha with words of consolation 
 because they were saved together. He expressed a longing for the 
 companionship of other human beings. 
 
 348. Redditus : as it was before the flood. — vidit : the subject is 
 Deucalion. 
 
 349. silentia : object of agere; lay in deep silence. 
 
 351. soror : used instead of cousin. As the only surviving person, 
 she was everything to him. 
 
 353. deinde : notice the contraction in poetry. 
 
 354. terrarum turba: bitter jesting words in their sorrowful con- 
 dition. Compare Met. VI. 200, where Latona's two children, Apollo 
 and Diana, are bitterly called a turba. 
 
 356. adhuc non : equivalent to nondum. 
 358. Quis : used adjectively. 
 
 360. quo consolante doleres : equivalent to quis te dolentein con- 
 solaretur. 
 
 362. quoque pontus habere! : the repetition of the words agrees 
 with the similarity of their fate. 
 
 363. : not elided, as it is an interjection. — paternis artibus : 
 referring to the skill of Prometheus in making men. 
 
 364. formatae terrae : the earth that he shaped into human 
 form. 
 
 366. exempla : that showed what the people had been. 
 366-380. They approached the oracle of Themis and sought a way 
 by which the human race might be restored. 
 
 368. numen : Themis. — sortes : oracles. 
 
 369. Cephisidas : the Cephissus, which flows from Phocis into 
 Boeotia, was some way off, but the Castalian stream flowed before 
 the temple at Delphi. 
 
 370. liquidas : on account of the mud the waters were not yet 
 clear. 
 
FIRST BOOK. 79 
 
 371. Inde modifies libatos. — inroravere: an act of purification, 
 before they approached the temple. 
 
 380. mersis rebus : to the world that has been overwhelmed. 
 
 381-383. They were told by the goddess to throw the bones of their 
 great parent behind their backs. 
 
 382. velate : they were to veil their heads and to throw the stones 
 behind their backs, in order that they might not look upon the mir- 
 acle. The loosing of their garments showed that they yielded to 
 the power of the gods. 
 
 384-394. Pyrrha expressed her horror^ but after deliberation 
 DeucalioJt suggested that the earth was the parent and the stones the 
 bones. 
 
 385. prior : notice the use of the comparative. 
 
 386. detque : que connects rogat to recusal, the subject of del 
 is to be supplied from deae, and ut is omitted. 
 
 387. laedere . . . umbras : an act of great impiety in the eyes of 
 the ancients. 
 
 388. caecis Obscura latebris : wrapped in impenetrable darkness. 
 
 389. seque : que connects the two clauses. 
 
 390. Promethides : see note, 1. 318. 
 
 391. nobis: used for the speaker instead of the singular. 
 395-415. Although in doubt, they threw the stones behind their 
 
 backs. Those thrown by the man became men, and those thrown by 
 the woman became women. 
 
 395. Titania : Pyrrha, so called because descended from the 
 Titans. 
 
 399. iussos : as cotnmanded. 
 
 400. vetustas : it is hard to overthrow tradition. 
 
 406. rudibus signis : statues in the rough. The human form 
 appeared gradually, like statues cut out of the block of marble. 
 
 407. Quae : join with pars. 
 
 408. in corporis usum : to serve as flesh. 
 413. femina : womankind. 
 
 416-437. The earth of its own accord restored the other living 
 beings. • 
 
 419. semina : the subject of creverunt. 
 
80 NOTES. 
 
 421. morando has the same force as mora^ 1. 402. 
 
 423. alveo: pronounce with two syllables in reading. 
 
 424. aetherioque sidere refers to the sun. 
 
 426. sub ipsum nascendi spatium : hi the very moment of birth. 
 The evolution of living animal forms from the earth under the influ- 
 ence of the sun was an ancient philosophical belief. 
 
 430. temperiem : the proper mingling. 
 
 432. cum : concessive. — vapor : warmth^ heat. It takes the 
 place of ignis in the expression, as utnidus does of aqua. 
 
 433. discors concordia : notice the play upon the words. 
 435. solibus : the beams or rays of the sun. 
 
 438-451. From the mud left by the flood came forth the Python, 
 whom Apollo slew, and in commemoration of whose destruction he 
 instituted the Pythian games. 
 
 438. Ilia nollet : the earth would have been glad not to have 
 brought forth the Python if she could have helped it. — Python : an 
 instance of apostrophe, by which that which is absent is addressed 
 to enliven the style. 
 
 440. de monte : used instead of the genitive. 
 
 441. arcitenens : an Homeric title of Apollo. — et joins the fol- 
 lowing explanatory description to this title. It need not be trans- 
 lated, or it may be rendered by indeed. — talibus: such as are 
 implied in arcitenens. 
 
 443. gravem : weighed down with. It agrees with hunc. 
 
 444. effuso veneno : as his poisonous blood poured forth. 
 
 447. Pythia : the word certamina is usually omitted, as also with 
 the other names of games ; predicate after dictos. 
 
 448. His : in these games. — manu pedibusve rotave refers to the 
 different kinds of contests. The historical date of the establish- 
 ment of these games was 586 B.C. 
 
 449. honorem : the prize. 
 
 45 1 . de qualibet arbore: with the leaves of any kind of tree whatsoever. 
 452-462. After the conquest of the Python, Apollo reproached Cupid 
 
 for attempting to use the arms of which he hi?nself was proud, and 
 advised him to be content with the torch. 
 
 452. Primus amor : this story is closely connected with what goes 
 
FIRST BOOK. 
 
 81 
 
 Cupid. 
 
 before, since it tells of the origin of the laurel, introduced at Delphi, 
 as sacred to Apollo. — Daphne: daughter of the river-god Peneus. 
 The river drains Thessaly and flows through 
 the Tempe vale. — quern refers to amor. 
 
 453. fors ignara : blind chance. 
 
 454. Delius : Apollo was so called because 
 born in Delos. 
 
 455. cornua: the bow, so called because made of 
 two horns. 
 
 456. que, although joined to quid, the first word of 
 the complete object of the verb, connects dixerat 
 to viderat. 
 
 457. ista : adjective pronoun of the second person. 
 
 458. qui refers for its antecedent to the person 
 implied in the possessive adjective nostros. — certa : 
 supply vulnera from the second member. 
 
 461. face tua : Cupid is often represented in art with the torch 
 to light the fire of love. — nescio quos amores : Apollo disdained 
 them as not w^orth his while to mention. 
 
 462. laudes nostras : my glory as w^on by the bow. 
 
 463-477. Cupid, in reply, boasted of the power of his weapons, and 
 shot Apollo with an arrow that inspired love and Daphne with an 
 arrow that banished love. 
 
 463. Figat is subjunctive in a concessive clause ; supply the 
 indicative of the same verb in the principal clause. 
 
 465. nostra : notice the quantity of the final a. 
 
 466. eliso . . . pennis : dividing the air with rapid wing. 
 469. operum : power. 
 
 471. sub harundine : at the point. 
 
 473. traiecta : need not be translated, as the thought is expressed 
 by per. — medullas : the heart. 
 
 474. nomen : she hates the name of lover. 
 
 476. innuptae Phoebes : the virgin Diana, sister of Apollo. 
 
 477. Vitta : virgins wore a special kind. 
 
 478-489. Daphne' s father requested her to accept one of her many 
 suitors, but she begged that she might remain a virgin like Diana. 
 
82 NOTES. 
 
 478. petentes : suitors, repeating the idea of the verb petiere. 
 480. Hymen : the god of marriage, the son of the muse Calliope. 
 483. taedas iugales : used for marriage, because torches were 
 carried before the bride on her way to the bridegroom's house. 
 
 487. pater : refers to Jupiter. 
 
 488. quod : the antecedent of quod is the predicate after esse. 
 490-503. Apollo burned with love for Daphne, and in his love 
 
 regarded every part of her person as very beautiful. 
 
 492. stipulae : it was common with the Romans, after the ears 
 of grain had been cut from the stalk, to burn the standing straw to 
 fertilize the ground. 
 
 493* C[uas refers for its antecedent to facibus, as is determined 
 by the verb admovit. 
 
 494. sub luce : at dawn. As the morning light comes on, the 
 traveler throws away his torch. 
 
 501. nudos lacertos: she dressed like Diana, whom she 
 imitated. 
 
 503. ad . . . resistit : stop for the following words, as he called. 
 
 504-524. Apollo begged her to remain, declared his love, explained 
 who he was, and bemoaned the inability of his arts to heal his wounded 
 heart. 
 
 508. ne . . . cadas : the expression of a negative wish. — laedi 
 depends upon indigna. 
 
 515. Delphica . . . regia : four places especially noted for the 
 worship of Apollo, in Phocis, Ionia, Tenedos, and Lycia. 
 
 518. patet : a similar description is found in the Iliad, I. 70, of 
 the prophet Calchas, who knew the present and the future and the 
 past. Apollo was the declarer of the future, the god of song and 
 the lyre, and the producer of sudden death. 
 
 520. vacuo : where there is no love. 
 
 521. medicina : Apollo was also god of the healing art. 
 525-547. The daughter of Peneusfled, but Apollo followed the more 
 
 eagerly. When she was failing through exhaustion, she called upon 
 her father and Earth to save her by a transformation. 
 
 526. cumque . . . reliquit : translate and left him with his words 
 unfinished. 
 
FIRST BOOK. 83 
 
 527. turn quoque : then also (even in the act of fleeing) appear- 
 ing beautiful. — corpora : the plural for the parts of the body, the 
 limbs. 
 
 530. Sed enim : but he followed, for the youthful god did not, 
 etc. 
 
 531. perdere blanditias : to waste his caressing words. 
 
 532. admisso passu : taken from language used for the horse. 
 
 533. Ut . . . cum: notice the words brought before cum for 
 emphasis ; thus canis, while Gallicus remains after, and vacuo, while 
 arvo remains ; leporem is brought near to canis. 
 
 535. inhaesuro similis : as if to fall upon the hare. 
 
 536. vestigia : the feet of the hare. 
 538. eripitur : saves itself. 
 
 540. pennis depends upon adiutus, as shown by the position. 
 
 547. quae refers to istam for its antecedent, as shown by its 
 position, though istam is not completed until the only word that 
 it can agree with, figuram, is spoken. 
 
 548-556. Daphne was changed into a tree in the presence of 
 Apollo. 
 
 552. cacumen : the top of the tree. — nitor : the grace and beauty 
 of the nymph appear in the form and sheen of the leaves. 
 
 553. posita agrees with the next feminine word. 
 
 554. trepidare . . . pectus : the heart beats. 
 556. refugit : the character remains. 
 
 557-567. Apollo made the laurel his own tree and the symbol of 
 victory. 
 
 559. nostrae explains coma and citharae as well as pharetrae. 
 Apollo led with the lyre the choir of the muses and he also drew the 
 bow. 
 
 560. triumphum . . . canet refers to the shouts of triumph in 
 the triumphal procession. 
 
 562. Postibus Augustis : before the door-posts of the palace of 
 Augustus upon the Palatine hill stood on either side a laurel-tree, 
 while an oak-wreath was above the door. 
 
 566. Paean : another name for Apollo as the healing deity. 
 
 567. caput ; in the same case as cacumen. 
 
84 NOTES. 
 
 568-587. After the change of Daphne the rivers gathered at Tempe 
 to sympathize with Peneus^ except Inachus^ who bemoaiied his daugh- 
 ter lo. 
 
 568. Haemoniae : ^a poetical name for Thessaly. 
 
 569. quae shows the number of its antecedent Tempe. — Peneiis : 
 see note, 1. 452. 
 
 570. Pindo : an important mountain chain, forming the backbone 
 of northern Greece. 
 
 571. deiectu: refers to the fall of the waters. 
 
 573. plus quam vicina : equivalent to farther than the vicinity. 
 
 574. Haec is subject and domus predicate. 
 
 575. facto : the ablative absolute shows the relation of place. 
 
 576. undis and nymphis connected by que are in the same con- 
 struction. 
 
 577. popularia : of the same country as the Peneus, Thessaly. 
 
 578. gratentur : the first word of a double indirect question 
 without the sign of interrogation. 
 
 579. populifer : observe the difference of quantity in this word and 
 in popularia, and therefore the difference in derivation. — Sperchios : 
 it flows easterly in a valley between the Othrys and Oeta mountains 
 into the gulf of Malis. — Enipeus : it flows in a northerly direction 
 and, uniting with the Apidanus, joins the Peneus river. 
 
 580. senex : rivers and mountains are spoken of as old. Ancient 
 statues of river gods represent them as old men. — Amphrysus : this 
 river flows into the Pagasaean gulf. — Aeas : although Ovid places 
 this among the Thessalian rivers, it is not properly one. It rises, 
 however, near the Peneus in the Pindus mountains, but flows north- 
 west into the Ionian sea. 
 
 583. Inachus : a river of Argolis, flowing into the Argolic gulf. 
 The river-god is represented as the father of lo. 
 
 584. lo : accusative, agreeing with natam. 
 
 586. quam : the antecedent of quam is the subject of esse and 
 is not expressed because esse follows the relative clause. 
 
 587. peiora : the worse of different fortunes, referring to death. 
 612-624. Ji^no obtaijted from Jupiter lo, changed to a heifer, and 
 
 put her under the care of Argus, 
 
FIRST BOOK. 85 
 
 612. Saturnia : Juno, represented as the daughter of Saturn. 
 
 615. e terra genitam : that she was sprung from the earthy that 
 is, no one could tell whence she came. So Juno ceased to ask. — 
 auctor : the source. 
 
 617. crudele. . . . amores : cruel ^ to betray his love. 
 
 622. Paelice donata: the ablaAve absolute is indicated by the 
 quantity, and diva is the first word that can be the subject of exult. 
 
 623. anxia is followed here by the objective genitive. 
 625-638. Argus watched and fed lo in her strange experience. 
 626. suis vicibus : in their turn. 
 
 ^i^j. servabant is intransitive. 
 
 630. tellure sub alta : deep under the earth, 
 
 639-650. lo met in her sorrow her father^ Inachus, who recognized 
 her by a letter marked in the dust. 
 
 639. ad ripas Inachidas : the banks of her father's stream. 
 Observe the beauty of the whole passage. 
 
 645. senior : the comparative, common in the poets for an old 
 man. 
 
 651-663. Iftachus bemoaned the fate of his daughter. 
 
 651. gementis : in the genitive singular, agreeing with iuvencae. 
 
 654. inventa : observe the short final a and the long a in reperta. 
 You^ whejt 7tot found, were a lighter grief than when found. 
 
 656. tantum : only. 
 
 660. vir : husband. 
 
 664-667. Argus removed lo to distant pastures. 
 
 664. stellatus : with many eyes like the stars in the heavens. 
 
 668-688. To kill Argus Jupiter sent Mercury, who tried to put 
 Argus to sleep with a reed-pipe. 
 
 668. Phoronidos : a name, Phoronis, applied to lo either as the 
 sister of a Phoroneus, the son of Inachus, or else as descendant of a 
 Phoroneus, an ancestor of Inachus. 
 
 670. Pleias : Maia, one of the Pleiads, and the daughter of 
 Atlas, was the mother of Mercury. The Pleiads were changed into 
 the group of seven stars to enable them to escape Orion. — det 
 depends upon imperat, which is connected by que to vocat in the 
 same moocj? 
 
86 NOTES. 
 
 672. sumpsisse : the perfect seems to denote the suddenness of 
 the act. — manu, as well as pedibus and capillis, is in the dative. 
 
 677. structis avenis : compare with iunctis harundinibus, 
 11. 683-684. 
 
 678. Voce nova : compare with fistula nuper, 1. 688. 
 
 679. poteras : used instead of the subjunctive in words of possi- 
 bility, duty, etc. 
 
 682. euntem : with diem. 
 
 686. est : notice Ovid's use of the indicative instead of the sub- 
 junctive after quamvis. 
 
 689-712. Mercury at the request of Argus told the story of Syrinx 
 and the origin of the reed-pipe. 
 
 690. Nonacrinas : the town of Nonacris was in the northern part 
 of Arcadia. 
 
 691. naias : here used for nymph in general and so including the 
 dryads. 
 
 692. Non semel : equivalent to often. — satyros : see note, 1. 
 192. 
 
 694. Ortygiam : an adjective agreeing with deam and referring 
 to the island of Delos, where Diana was born. 
 
 695. cincta : Diana as a huntress wore her robes girt up. 
 
 696. Latonia : referring to Diana, the daughter of Latona. 
 698. Lycaeo: see note, 1. 217. 
 
 700. restabat verba ref erre : it remained to tell that; Mercury 
 had stopped, as the poet tells in 1. 713, and so he gives, in the follow- 
 ing indirect discourse, through 1. 712, the rest of the story. The 
 indirect discourse depends upon and explains verba. 
 
 702. Ladonis : the Ladon was a river of Arcadia. 
 
 710. concilium : as he and the reeds sighed together, he deter- 
 mined to have them always with him. Translate companionship. 
 
 712. tenuisse : connected by atque to dixisse; the subject of 
 both is the same. 
 
 713-723. Mercury slew Argus when asleep^ and funo placed his 
 eyes in the peacock^ s tail. 
 
 713. Cyllenius : Mercury was so called because he was born at 
 Mt. Cyllene in Arcadia. 
 
FIRST BOOK. 87 
 
 716. medicata : the wand had magical power, as if sprinkled with 
 the juices of drugs. Observe the final a in the words of this line. 
 
 717-718. nutantem and cruentum agree with a pronoun under- 
 stood referring to Argus. 
 
 720. Arge ; the poet addresses Argus. — in tot lumina : observe 
 the accusative after in. Translate /^r so many eyes. 
 
 722. volucris suae : of hei- bird, referring to the peacock, the 
 bird of Juno. 
 
 724-747. Juno, with anger increased, drove lo to Egypt, where the 
 latter, upon the reconciliation of Jupiter and Juno, was changed to her 
 old form and became a goddess of the Egyptians. 
 
 724. exarsit: the subject is Saturnia, supplied from 1. 722. 
 
 725. Ci\i\QQ.\\.'. presented. 
 
 , 727. termit : drove in terror. 
 
 'J 2^. labori : wanderings. 
 
 730. ardua : in the nominative, agreeing with the subject. 
 
 731. solos : as she had only a face to raise, but no arms or hands. 
 733. cum : queri is used with ctcm, apud, or the dative. 
 
 737- Stygias : compare note of 1. 188. 
 738. dea refers to Juno, ilia to lo. 
 
 746. intermissa : words had not been employed by her for a long 
 time. 
 
 747. dea : thus the origin of the Egyptian goddess Isis, with her 
 horns, was explained by the story of lo. 
 
 748-754. Epaphus, the son of Jupiter and lo, accused Phaethon, 
 the son of Apollo, of misrepresentation in regard to his father. 
 
 748. Epaphus : as the son of lo, Epaphus was identified with 
 the Egyptian sacred bull Apis. 
 
 749. iuncta parenti: i7t common with his parent. 
 
 750. animis : spirited feelings, pride. 
 
 752. sibi: refers to Inachides. 
 
 753. Inachides : Epaphus ; for note on Inachus, see 1. 583. 
 
 754. imagine : representation. — falsi : pretended. 
 
 755~764. Phaethon, filled with shame, sotight from his mother, 
 Clymene, proof that Apollo was really his father. 
 756. matrem : separated in poetry from its noun, Clymenen. 
 
88 NOTES. 
 
 757. ille : means here well-known ; translate with liber, usually 
 so free. 
 
 761. adsere caelo : equivalent to prove my heavenly 07'igin. 
 
 763. perque : que, at the beginning of its clause, connects oravit 
 to implicuit. — Meropisque : Merops was the husband of Clymene 
 and king of the Aethiopians, but not the father of Phaethon. — que 
 connects Meropis and suum, both modifiers of caput. — taedas 
 refers to the future marriages of his sisters, for which Clymene 
 hopes. 
 
 764. traderet : the subjunctive, with ut omitted, depending upon 
 oravit. 
 
 765-775. Clymene swore that he was sprung from the Sun, and 
 advised him to apply to Apollo for confirmation of her assurance. 
 
 765. Ambiguum : it is uncertain. The clause, as far as criminis, 
 is parenthetical. 
 
 766. mota : a participle taking the place of the subjunctive. 
 770. hoc: join with Sole in the next line. — temperat : governs, 
 
 by arranging the times and seasons. 
 
 774. Undo : relative adverb instead of a relative pronoun refer- 
 ring to domus. 
 
 776-779. Phaethon joyfully sought the place of the sunrise. 
 
 TTj. concipit aethera mente : cherished the thought of heaven. 
 
 778. suos : his ; because of his mother's relation to Merops. 
 
 779. sidereis: of the sun. 
 
 SECOND BOOK. 
 
 1-18. Description of the palace of the Sun. 
 
 2. flammasque imitante pyropo : study the order of these words 
 and become accustomed to grasp readily the meaning of words so 
 placed. 
 
 3. cuius modifies fastigia. — ebur : this use of ivory shows the 
 costliness of the palace. 
 
 4. argenti modifies lumine, 
 
 5. opus : the artistic workmanship. — illic refers to valvae. 
 
SECOND BOOK. 89 
 
 6. medias, modifying terras, does little more than repeat the 
 meaning of cingentia. 
 
 g. Protea : Proteus had many forms, and is therefore called 
 ainbiguus. 
 
 10. Aegaeona : Homer, Iliad, I. 403, speaks of him as the hun- 
 dred-handed one, whom the gods call Briareus, but all men Aegaeon. 
 
 11. Dorida: Doris was the wife of Nereus, and her daughters 
 were the Nereids. — videtur : translate with passive meaning. 
 
 14. qualem : the full expression would be sed talis, qualem. 
 
 18. signa: the signs of the zodiac, namely: Aries, the Ram; 
 Taurus, the Bull; Gemini, the Twins; Cancer, the Crab; Leo, the 
 Lion ; Virgo, the Virgin ; Libra, the Balance; Scorpio, the Scorpion; 
 Sagittarius, the Archer ; Capricornus, the Goat ; Aquarius, the 
 Water-carrier ; Pisces, the Fishes. 
 
 19-30. Phaethon came to the palace, and found Phoebus seated upojt 
 his throne stirroujtded by the representatives of time. 
 
 19. Quo: a relative adverb at the beginning of the sentence 
 where the English would require a demonstrative adverb. — simul : 
 used instead of simul ac to connect the subordinate clause to the 
 following principal clause beginning with protinus. 
 
 27. novum : because in the spring everything is renewed in nature. 
 
 28. nuda : lightly clad. 
 
 31-34. Phoebus asked the cause of his coming. 
 
 31. Inde loco medius : that is, from his seat upon the throne. 
 
 34. haud infitianda : thus Phoebus anticipated the question that 
 Phaethon came to ask. 
 
 35-39* Phaethon begged for a proof that he might be believed to le 
 the son of Apollo. 
 
 35. publica : common to all. 
 
 30. huius nominis refers to pater. 
 
 37. imagine : as used in Book I. 754. 
 
 39. errorem : uncertainty, doubt. 
 
 40-46. Phoebus bade him, seek whatever gift he wished. 
 
 41. radios : as if a crown. 
 
 42. Nee is correlative to et ; the negative idea modifies negari, 
 not to be denied, that is, to be acknowledged. 
 
90 NOTES. 
 
 46. iuranda palus : compare note, Book I. 188. — incognita: 
 because the sun does not shine under the earth. 
 
 47-48. Pha'e'thon asked per7nission to drive his father's chariot. 
 
 47. desierat : this clause is coordinate with the next, instead of 
 being connected with it by a temporal conjunction. 
 
 48. in diem: for one day. — alipedum modifies equorum and 
 expresses the quick motion of the horses. 
 
 49-102. Phoebus attempted to induce Phaethon to change his request. 
 
 49. terque quaterque: repeatedly. 
 
 50. l*emeraria : placed first for emphasis, but in the predicate 
 after facta est. — tua : the ablative with voce understood. 
 
 52. non dare : these words belong together arid mean not to fulfil. 
 — confiteor : used parenthetically. 
 
 55. munera : incorporated into the relative clause ; the order of 
 thought would be munera magna et ea quae . . . conveniant. 
 
 59. axe : the part put for the whole. 
 
 63. prima and farther on altissima and Ultima: the various 
 parts of the way. 
 
 65. saepe: join with fit timor. 
 
 69. Tethys : a goddess of the sea. 
 
 70. vertigine : the idea is that the heavens, holding the fixed 
 stars, revolve, while the sun moves backward in its position among 
 the stars. The poet combines, in this and the following lines, the 
 phenomena produced by the rotation of the earth on its axis and 
 its revolution around the sun. 
 
 75. polis : the poles imply the axis, and that the sphere, for 
 which the word is used. — ne : without. 
 
 78. formas ferarum: the signs of the zodiac, conceived of as 
 real monsters. 
 
 79. Ut : concessive, as shown by tamen. 
 
 80. per : it could not be separated by a verb from its noun, 
 cornua, in prose. 
 
 81. Haemonios: Thessalian; this constellation (Sagittarius) is 
 so called because the Centaurs belonged in Thessaly. See 1. 18, 
 note, for these constellations in the list of the signs of the zodiac. 
 
 84. quadrupedes : the horses of the chariot of the sun. 
 
SECOND BOOK. 91 
 
 86. in promptu regere est : is it easy to direct. 
 
 91. Do : emphatic position at the beginning of the sentence. 
 
 99. pro : instead of. 
 
 loi. Stygias iuravimus undas : compare 1. 46. 
 
 103-110. PkaethoHy however^ persisted in his request and was led 
 to the beautiful chariot of the Sun. 
 
 103. monitus : accusative plural. 
 
 105. qua : as long as. 
 
 no. repercusso Phoebo : from the reflected sun. 
 
 111-125. PVken the dawn appeared a7td the horses were harnessed 
 to the chariot, Phoebus placed the rays upon his son's head. 
 
 114. agmina cogit: this is a military expression {closed up the 
 lines), as is also statione in 1. 115 impost or watch). 
 
 115. Lucifer: the planet Venus has this name when it appears 
 before the sun, Hesperus when it follows the sun. 
 
 116. Quern petere terras: the planet does not do this, but van- 
 ishes as it moves on before the sun. — mundum : here means the 
 heavens. 
 
 117. lunae : the moon is almost ending its last quarter. 
 
 118. Titan: compare note, I. 10. 
 
 119. celeres: observe here and often the adjective modifying the 
 noun where the English idiom would employ an adverb with the 
 verb. — vomentes : modifies quadrupedes. 
 
 123. patientia agrees with a pronoun understood referring to ora. 
 
 124. luctus : genitive depending upon praesaga. 
 
 126-149. Phoebus directed Phaethon in regard to the road and then 
 made a last attempt to dissuade him from the jotirney. 
 
 129. quinque per arcus : the way should not be across the five 
 zoneSj as the sun never comes over the temperate and frigid zones. 
 
 131. zonarumque trium contentus fine: the apparent annual 
 path of the sun, the ecliptic, is spoken of here as if it were the daily 
 pathway. It crosses the celestial equator obliquely and reaches the 
 bounds of the torrid zone where that joins the north temperate and 
 the south temperate. 
 
 138. dexterior modifies rota, as sinisterior does also. — Anguem : 
 a northern constellation between the two bears. 
 
92 NOTES. 
 
 139. Aram: a southern constellation. 
 
 141. quae iuvet: the clause depends upon opto, although the 
 connective in the relative connects opto to mando. 
 
 142. Hesperio in litore : the shore of the western ocean into 
 which night sinks as day rises in the east. 
 
 147. solidis sedibus : on a solid fotmdatiojt, that is, the ground. 
 149. Quae has for its antecedent lumina, which follows. — sine : 
 imperative of the verb. 
 
 150-160. Phaethon Joyfully began his ride in the chariot of Phoebus. 
 
 152. grates : grdtias, the common prose word, could not be used 
 in this kind of verse. 
 
 153. volucres equi : the names of the horses of the sun are sig- 
 nificant — Pyrois, irvpbei^, fe?y ; Eous, -^^^os, early ; Aethon, aXBuiv, 
 burning ; Phlegon, (p\^ywv, flaming. 
 
 156. Tethys : compare 1. 69 of this book. As Tethys received 
 the sun as he came down into the ocean, it was proper that she 
 should send him forth from the ocean in the morning, but this does 
 not agree so well with the palace of the sun. — nepotis : Phaethon. 
 Clymene was the daughter of Tethys. 
 
 158. corripuere : hastened over. 
 
 161-177. As the chariot was lights the horses ran away. They 
 left the road and disturbed with heat remote constellations. 
 
 161. quod: such as. 
 
 162. iugum : this was a bar stretched over the necks of the horses 
 and connected with the pole of the chariot. 
 
 164. instabiles : translate wdth the verb unsteadily. 
 
 165. dat : the subject refers to the chariot. Join saltus with it 
 as object. 
 
 167. Quod : a relative pronoun which refers for its antecedent to 
 the previous sentence, while simulac joins sensere to the principal 
 clause which follows. — tritum : because the chariot had passed 
 along there so many times before. 
 
 168. quo : refers to ordine for its antecedent. The past tense of 
 currunt is understood. 
 
 171. Triones : see note, Book I. 64. 
 
 172. vetito aequore: in the northern latitudes, when the north 
 
SECOND BOOK. 93 
 
 star is more than thirty-six degrees above the horizon, the constella- 
 tion of the Great Bear, in going around it, does not pass as low as 
 the horizon. 
 
 173. Serpens: mentioned as anguis, 1. 138. 
 
 176. Boote : the constellation Bootes (herdsman) near the Great 
 Bear. It contains the bright star Arcturus. The wagon is Charles's 
 Wain, or the Great Bear. 
 
 177. quamvis : used in the poets and later writers with the indica- 
 tive instead of quamquam. 
 
 178-194. Phaethon hi the high heavens was troubled and frightened 
 and did not know what to do. 
 
 181. tenebrae: he was dazzled and therefore blinded by the 
 great light. 
 
 184. Meropis depends on/ilius understood. 
 
 185. pinus : the name of the material for the word ship. 
 193. miracula : constellations in the heavens. 
 
 195-209. When Phaethon saw the Scorpion, he dropped the reins, 
 and the horses ran wildly high and low in the air. 
 
 195. geminos : agrees with arcus. 
 
 196. Scorpius : already mentioned in 1. 83. The constellation is 
 spoken of as stretching over two signs ; later a part next to Virgo 
 was called Libra, the Balance, as in the list, note to 1. 18. 
 
 198. madidum sudore ; on account of the heat occasioned by the 
 near approach of the sun. 
 
 199. vulnera curvata : note the difference in quantity of the final 
 vowels. — cuspide : the sting. 
 
 202. exspatiantur : they had already run away out of their course. 
 Perhaps this is said because they were again on the ecliptic at the 
 Scorpion. 
 
 204. sine lege : without control. — sub shows the relation of 
 aethere to fixis, and fixis. modifies stellis. 
 
 208. suis : Luna, as well as the sun-god, has her chariot, which 
 is not so far off as that of the sun. 
 
 210-226. The earth was set on fire, and the mountains were 
 burned. 
 
 210. ut quaeque altissima : first on the highest parts. 
 
94 NOTES. 
 
 217. Athos: a mountain upon the peninsula of Chalcidice in 
 Macedonia. The mountains are mentioned without special order, 
 as they were set on fire at the same time. — Taurus Cilix : the 
 mountain range that runs through Cilicia in Asia Minor. — Tmolus: 
 a vine-clad mountain in Lydia. — Oete : a mountain range between 
 Thessaly and central Greece. 
 
 218. Ide : there is a mountain of this name in Phrygia near Troy, 
 also one in Crete. 
 
 219. Helicon: a mountain in Boeotia sacred to Apollo and the 
 Muses, called virgineus, as home of the Muses. — Haemos : a 
 mountain range (now the Balkan) of Thrace. The name Oeagrian 
 has reference to Orpheus, the son of Oeagrus. 
 
 220. Aetna : a volcano in the northeastern part of Sicily. 
 
 221. Parnasus: a mountain of Phocis, in central Greece, sacred 
 to Apollo. Two peaks, though not the highest, rise above the 
 Castalian spring. Delphi is at its foot. — Eryx : a mountain in the 
 western part of Sicily, with a temple to Venus upon its summit. — 
 Cjmthus : a mountain in Delos. — Othrys : a mountain in Thessaly, 
 dwelling-place of the Lapithae. 
 
 222. Rhodope : a mountain range of Thrace. According to a 
 myth the Thracian Haemos and his sister Rhodope were changed 
 into mountains. — Mimas : a promontory in Ionia. 
 
 223. Dindyma : a mountain of Mysia in Asia Minor, sacred to 
 Cybele. — Mycale : a promontory of Ionia, opposite Samos. — 
 Cithaeron : a mountain of Boeotia, sacred to Bacchus. 
 
 224. Scythiae : Scythia was the name of the lands of northern 
 Europe and Asia from the Danube to the Caspian Sea. — Caucasus : 
 mountains extending from the Black Sea to the Caspian. 
 
 225. Ossa : a mountain in Thessaly, south of Olympus. — Pindo : 
 the Pindus mountain range was in the northwestern part of 
 Thessaly. — Olympus : a high mountain in the northeastern part 
 of Thessaly, regarded as the dwelling-place of the gods. 
 
 226. Alpes : mountains extending around the north of Italy. — 
 Appenninus : a mountain range running the length of Italy. 
 
 227-234. Phaethon could not endure the heat and was blinded by 
 the smoke. 
 
SECOND BOOK. 95 
 
 235-259. The springs and the rivers were dried up. 
 
 239. Quaerit : sought in vain. Uirce was a spring near Thebes. 
 
 240. Ephyre : an old name of Corinth. The Pirenean spring 
 was on the slope of the Acro-Corinthus. 
 
 241. sortita limits flumina while ripas depends upon it. 
 
 242. Tanais : a river in Scythia, now the Don. 
 
 243. Peneos : see note, 1. 452. — Caicus : a river in the district of 
 Teuthrania in Mysia. 
 
 244. Ismenos : a river of Boeotia near Thebes. Notice the 
 hiatus before Erymantho. — Erymantho : a river in Arcadia, called 
 Phegean from the name of a town by which it flowed. 
 
 245. Xanthus : also called Scamander, a river near Troy, said to 
 have been set on fire in the Trojan War. — Lycormas : a river of 
 Aetolia. 
 
 246. Maeandros : a river in Asia Minor flowing with many 
 windings from Phrygia through Caria and Ionia. 
 
 247. Melas : a river in Thrace, north of the Chersonesus. — Tae- 
 narius: notice the lengthening of the last syllable. — Eurotas : a 
 river of Laconia, flowing near Sparta. 
 
 248. Euphrates : the great river of the East. — Orontes : a river 
 of Syria, flowing into the Mediterranean Sea. 
 
 249. Thermodon : a river in Pontus in Asia Minor, near which 
 the Amazons dwelt. — Ganges : in India. — Phasis : a river of 
 Colchis to the east of the Black Sea. — Hister: the Danube. 
 
 250. Alpheus: the largest river of the Peloponnesus, flowing 
 from Arcadia through Elis into the Ionian Sea. — Sperche'ides : 
 see note, I. 579. 
 
 251. Tagus : a river of Spain. 
 
 253. Caystro : the Cayster, a river in Lydia. 
 
 254. Nilus : the discovery of its source in modern times is inter- 
 esting in this connection. 
 
 257. Hebrum cum Strymone : Thracian rivers. 
 
 258. Padus: the river Po, in northern Italy. 
 
 259. Thybrin : the Greek form of Tiber, preferred in poetry. 
 260-278. The heat lessened the sea and parched the earth. 
 261. cum coniuge regem : Pluto with his wife Proserpina. 
 
96 NOTES. 
 
 263. quod : the quod clause is the subject of est. 
 
 275. COUo tonus arida : parched as far as her neck. 
 
 277. infra includes the comparative idea and is followed by quam. 
 
 279-300. Earth iinplored Jupiter to save the world, 
 
 280. periturae agrees with mihi understood — if I am to perish. 
 
 281. auctore : if Jupiter destroyed her she would suffer less. 
 288. alimenta : in apposition with fruges. 
 
 291. frater : your brother^ Neptune. — sorte : he obtained by lot 
 dominion over the sea, as Pluto over the lower world and Jupiter 
 over the upper, after the overthrow of Saturn. 
 
 293. mea: the possessive adjective has the force of an objective 
 genitive. 
 
 295. uterque polus : the earth and the heavens. 
 
 297. axem : the heavens. 
 
 300. rerum . . . summae: the universe. 
 
 301-318. Jupiter^ unable to send rain^ struck Phaethon with light- 
 ning. 
 
 301. Dixerat : the pluperfect implies that she had finished ; hence 
 the following causal clause. 
 
 303. rettulit OS . . . antra : figure and fact joined together. 
 309. nubes : they had all been destroyed by the heat. 
 
 311. dextra . . . ab aure : from his right ear. 
 
 312. animaque rotisque: the use of these nouns with one verb 
 is an instance of zeugma ; the verb should be expressed by two 
 verbs in English. 
 
 319-332. Phaethon fell from the sky and was buried^ while his 
 father hid his face. 
 
 329. Nam : explains why the Naiads instead of his father buried 
 him. 
 
 333-339. Clymene in grief sought and found Phaethon'' s grave. 
 
 335. laniata sinus : the rending of the garment was a sign of grief. 
 
 336. peregrina : it was a calamity not to be buried at home. 
 
 338. lectum : read by herself. 
 
 339. aperto pectore : as her garment was rent. 
 
 340-366. Tfie Heliadest weeping for Phaethon, were changed into 
 trees. 
 
SECOND BOOK. 97 
 
 340. inania morti : vain offerings to the dead, since they do not 
 bring them to life. 
 
 344. quater : the punishment came upon them because, by con- 
 tinuing their ungovernable grief so long, they showed disrespect to 
 the will of the gods. 
 
 349. subita radice : observe that the expression about each one 
 shows the different steps in the gradual transformation. 
 
 354. perque gradus : and gradually. 
 
 364-365. stillataque . . . novis : and^ let fall as amber in drops 
 from the new branches^ grew hard in the sunshine. 
 
 366. gestanda : to be worn as ornaments. 
 
 367-380. Cycnusy for his loud complaints, was changed into a swan. 
 
 367. monstro : the wonderful change. 
 
 376. rostrum : the subject of tenet. 
 
 377. nova avis : a swan. Two others of the same name are 
 mentioned in Ovid as changed into swans. 
 
 380. quae colat : as a dwelling-place. The antecedent of quae is 
 flumina. 
 
 381-393. Phoebus grieved for his son and upbraided fupiter. 
 
 382. deficit orbem refers to the eclipse of the sun. 
 
 387. actorum is a participle agreeing with laborum. 
 
 390. ipse : in his bitter scorn he does not mention the name, but 
 dares reproach the chief of the gods. 
 
 394-400. At the command of fupiter Phoebus again took control of 
 the horses, that the world might not he in darkness. 
 
 400. natum : for the death of his son. 
 
 401-408. fupiter examined the effect of the fire in heavett a7td 
 earth. He cared especially for Arcadia. 
 
 402. ne is used because he examined with some fear. 
 
 406. suae : according to a myth, Jupiter was born in Arcadia. " 
 
 476-495. funo changed into a bear Callisto, whom fupiter loved 
 while in Arcadia. 
 
 476. Dixit: the subject is Juno. — prensis: translate the ablative 
 absolute by an active participle and object. 
 
 477. pronam agrees with a pronoun understood referring to. 
 Callisto, 
 
98 NOTES. 
 
 483. posse loqui is the subject of eripitur. 
 
 488. ingratum is predicate accusative. — cum is concessive. 
 
 492. venatrix : she had been formerly a huntress. 
 
 495. pater : her father was Lycaon, who was changed into a wolf 
 as narrated in the first book. Notwithstanding the flood, here are 
 stories of his offspring. As the myths come from various sources, 
 the poet cannot be expected to make them consistent. 
 
 496-507. Callistd's son Areas came near killing her^ but Jupiter 
 placed them both in the sky as constellations. 
 
 502. tenentem agrees with a pronoun understood referring to 
 matrem and has oculos for its object. 
 
 503. aventi agrees with a dative understood referring to matrem; 
 accedere depends upon it. 
 
 506. sustulit : like expulitm 1. 313, it should be translated by 
 two verbs. 
 
 508-528. Juno went away to Tethys and Oceanus and after in- 
 dulging in bitter irdny demanded that the new constellations be not 
 permitted to bathe in the ocean. 
 
 513. adsim expresses here the idea of coming as well as arrival. 
 
 516. circulus corresponds to the polar circle. 
 
 518. quis : indefinite pronoun. 
 
 522. sic est : sic is used instead of a predicate adjective. 
 
 523. Vindicet: the subject refers to Jupiter. 
 
 524. Phoronide : see note, I. 668 ; notice the unusual separation 
 of the preposition from its word. 
 
 525. ducat : lead in marriage^ marry. 
 
 526. Lycaona : the irony is seen when Jupiter's own words are 
 recalled, I. 196. 
 
 527. alumnae : Juno was said to have been brought up by those 
 deities whom she then implored. The word is an objective genitive. 
 
 528. Septem . . . triones : see note, I. 64. According to this 
 myth Callisto and Areas became the Great and Little Bears. 
 
 676-707. Chiron^ the centaur^ on account of the chaftge of his 
 daughter demanded the help of Apollo ; but Apollo was in Elis tend- 
 ing cattle. Mercury stole away some of the cattle, but was seen by 
 Battus. He changed Battus into a stone because of his faithlessness. 
 
SECOND BOOK. 99 
 
 676. Philyre'ius hero : Chiron. 
 
 681. sinistrae: left hand. 
 
 682. alterius : of the other, the right hand. 
 
 686. natus : the son of Maia and grandson of Atlas. 
 
 689. Nelei : to be read in two syllables, an instance of 
 synizesis. 
 
 691. Hunc refers to Battus. — timuit has Mercurius understood 
 as its subject. 
 
 693. neu . . . nulla : equivalent to an affirmative. 
 
 695. Accepta ; observe the quantity of a final. 
 
 700. furtoque silentia deme : disclose the theft. 
 
 701. femina: a cow. 
 
 707. nihil : depends upon merito. 
 
 760-786. Minerva visited Envy and incited her against Aglauros. 
 
 761. petit: subject, Minerva. 
 
 763. ignavi . . . frigoris : cold is so called, not as descriptive of 
 itself, but of the effect which it produces. — quae : its antecedent is 
 understood and is connected by et to the other words descriptive of 
 domus. 
 
 765. belli : poetical objective genitive, defining the application 
 of metuenda. — virago : Minerva. 
 
 770. visa : when she had seen her. 
 
 775. macies : supply est, as also with acies in the next line. 
 
 778. nisi quern : equivalent to praeter eum quern, and referring 
 to risus. — visi . . . dolores : griefs seen, the sight of grief. — 
 movere : instead of moverunt. 
 
 782. tamen is brought forward from the principal into the sub- 
 ordinate clause. 
 
 783. Tritonia : see vocabulary. 
 
 787-811. Envy came and touched Aglauros, who was filled with 
 ill-will towards her sister Herse. 
 
 787. obliquo lumine : these words modify cernens, notwithstand- 
 ing their position with reference to fugientem. 
 
 788. successurum : esse understood ; here used impersonally. 
 794. Tritonida arcem : the Acropolis of Athens, sacred to Athena 
 
 (Minerva). 
 
100 NOTES. 
 
 799. hamatis sentibus : such thoughts as would be properly 
 represented by them. 
 
 802. Neve . . . errant: the clause is equivalent to this — that 
 there might be a particular cause for her envy. 
 
 806. Cecropis : the daughter of Cecrops, Aglauros. 
 
 814-832. Aglauros^ attempting to stop Mercury ^ was changed by 
 him into stone. 
 
 817. nisi: used with the ablative absolute te . . . repulso. 
 
 825. malum . . . immedicabile : in apposition with cancer. 
 
 833-842. Mercury then returned to the sky and was sent by Jupi- 
 ter to Sidon to drive the royal herd to the shore. 
 
 834. cepit : instead of sumpsit. — dictas a Pallade terras : land 
 named from Pallas^ Athens named from Athena. 
 
 836. amoris : appositional genitive. 
 
 839. matrem : Maia, one of the Pleiades. From their position 
 in the sky they could be said to pass over Sidon. — sinistra : when 
 Jupiter faced the south from his abode on Olympus, Sidon was to 
 the left. 
 
 843-875. Jupiter appeared as a beautiful bull amid the cattle and 
 bore away upon his back over the sea the daughter of the king of Tyre^ 
 Europa. 
 
 874. cotnum : rare form for accusative cornu. 
 
 Europa. 
 
TABLE OF GODS AND HEROES. 
 
 BOOKS I. AND II. 
 
 Uranus — Gaea 
 
 I 
 
 Juppiter — Themis 
 
 Astraea Horae Parcae 
 
 ~1 \ 
 
 Oceanus — Tethys 
 
 Nereus — Doris Inachus 
 
 I 
 
 1 I I 
 
 Nereides— Amphitrite lo— Juppiter 
 lapetus Epaphus 
 
 I 
 
 I I 
 
 Epimetheus Prometheus 
 
 I I 
 
 Pyrrha Deucalion 
 
 (Saturnus) Cronus — Rhea 
 
 1^1 I I I 
 
 Vesta Ceres Juno Pluto Neptunus — Amphitrite 
 
 Agenor 
 
 Cadmus 
 
 Europa 
 
 Juppiter — Dione — Latona 
 
 I I i 
 
 Venus Apollo — Clymene 
 
 Cupido 
 
 Diana 
 
 Phaethon 
 
WORD-GROUPS. 
 
 I AC-, sharps pierce. 
 acer, sharp. 
 acies, edge. 
 acumen, point. 
 acutus, sharpened. 
 
 OCulus, eye. 
 
 2 AC-, swift. 
 equus, horse. 
 equa, mare. 
 eques, horseman. 
 
 ocior, swifter. 
 OCius, more quickly. 
 
 I AG-, drive. 
 ago, drive y lead. 
 
 perago, drive through^ carry out. 
 abig5, drive away. 
 cogo (for coig5), drive together., 
 
 compel. 
 exigo, drive out i coffiplete. 
 redigo, drive back, reduce. 
 fatigo, make weary. 
 agito, keep driving, move, shake. 
 agitabilis, easily moved, light. 
 agmen, army, host. 
 
 ambiguus, going both ways, un- 
 certain. 
 Siger, field. 
 peregrinus, foreign. 
 
 2 AG-, say. 
 aio (for agio), say, speak. 
 neg5, deny. 
 
 AID-, burn. 
 aestas, summ-er. 
 aestus, heat, raging. 
 aestuo, burn, rage ; boil. 
 
 I AL-, feed, grow. 
 
 altus, high, deep. 
 
 alte, highly. 
 
 almus, nourishing, kind. 
 
 alvus, belly. 
 
 alveus, hollow, bed. 
 
 2 AL-, ALI-, other, strange, 
 
 alter, another, the other. 
 alius, another, other. 
 aliqui, some, any. 
 aliquis, some one, any one. 
 aliter, otherwise. 
 
 103 
 
104 
 
 WORD-GROUPS. 
 
 AM-, love. 
 
 amo, love (vb.). 
 amor, love (subst.). 
 amicitia, friendship. 
 
 AN-, breathe. 
 anima, breathy life. 
 animus, soul, mind. 
 anim6sus,7^«// of courage. 
 magnanimus, great-souled. 
 animans, living. 
 animal, living creature. 
 exanimis, lifeless. 
 exanimo, put out of breath. 
 
 ANG-, squeeze. 
 anguis, serpent. 
 anguipes, serpent footed. 
 anxius, anxious. 
 
 AP-, 0P-, lay hold, worky help. 
 Opus, work. 
 O'perosuSy full of labor. 
 opifex, worker. 
 officium, service. 
 opto, choose. 
 (ops), aidy wealth. 
 inops, helpless. 
 opifer, aid-bearing. 
 copia, abundance. 
 
 I A.R-,ft. 
 ars, skill. 
 art us, narrow, 
 axins, joints. 
 
 arma, things fitted y arms. 
 aLXmbyfit with armsy equip. 
 armus, shoulder. 
 
 2 AR-, ^Ar, plough y row. 
 aro, plough. 
 aratrum, plough. 
 
 armentum, animal for ploughing. 
 ratis, rafty boat. 
 rem us, oar. 
 rota, wheel. 
 roto, turn roundy roll. 
 
 3 AR-, burny dry. 
 
 ardeo, be on fire y burn. 
 ardens, burning. 
 ardesco, take fire. 
 exardesco, blaze out. 
 
 ARC-, shut iny keep off. 
 
 arx, castle y citadel. 
 
 arceo, enclose, prevent. 
 
 coerced, enclose on all sides, re- 
 strain. 
 
 exerceo, drive out, keep busy, 
 work. 
 
 AVG-, grow. 
 auctor, producer. 
 auxilium, help, aid. 
 auxiliaris, helping. 
 august us, magnified, majestic. 
 
 QA.T>-,fall. 
 cado, fall. 
 
 CdiSViS, fallingy mishap. 
 occasus, fallingy setting. 
 decido, fall down. 
 excido, fall out, fail, 
 inciddy fall in, come upon. 
 occido, fall down, perish. 
 occiduus, going down, setting. 
 
WORD-GROUPS. 
 
 105 
 
 cedo, go away^ yield. 
 
 accedo, go to. 
 
 incedo, advance. 
 
 recede, ^^ back^ retire. 
 
 succedo, go under, follow f succeed. 
 
 cesso, delay, cease. 
 
 recessus, going back, retreat. 
 
 successus, success. 
 
 successor, successor. 
 
 I CAL-, call. 
 
 clamo, call out, shout. 
 clamor, shouting. 
 exclamo, call out, exclaim. 
 clarus, clear ; famous. 
 concilium, meeting, council. 
 
 2 CAL-, SCAL-, cover, hide. 
 
 squaleo, be stiff, be filthy. 
 squalidus, stiff, filthy. 
 
 occulo, cover over. 
 occultus, hidden, concealed. 
 occults, hide. 
 
 Celo, hide, conceal. 
 color, color. 
 COlumba, dove. 
 
 3 CAL-, dry, warm. 
 Calesco, become warm. 
 incalesco, grow warm. 
 percalesco, be heated through. 
 calidus, warm. 
 
 CAN-, sound, sing. 
 cano, sing. 
 canto, si7tg. 
 
 canorus, melodious. 
 bucina, herdsman's horn. 
 
 CAND-, glow. 
 
 candor, dazzling whiteness. 
 candeo, glisten, shine. 
 candens, glistening, shining. 
 candesco, become bright. 
 recandesco, grow bright again. 
 candidus, glistening, white. 
 accendo, set fire to. 
 incendium, fire, conflagration. 
 
 CAP-, take, hold. 
 
 capio, take. 
 
 accipio, take to, receive. 
 concipio, take hold of, conceive. 
 decipio, catch, beguile. 
 excipio, take out, receive. 
 recipio, take back, receive. 
 receptus, taking back, retreat. 
 captivus, captured. 
 capax, large, capacious. 
 princeps, yfrj/, chief. 
 principium, beginning. 
 
 caput, head. 
 Capitolium, Capitol. 
 praeceps, headforemost. 
 capillus, hair of the head. 
 
 occupo, take into possession, oc- 
 cupy. 
 
 CAR-, SCAR-, hard, scrape. 
 
 careo, be without. 
 carina, keel. 
 quercus, oak. 
 
106 
 
 WORD-GROUPS. 
 
 CARD-, leap. 
 
 cor, heart. 
 discors, discordant. 
 discordia, dissension. 
 praecordia, diaphragm. 
 
 1 CAV-, watch ., ware. 
 
 caveo, be on one^s guard. 
 cautus, careful. 
 causa, cause. 
 excus5, excuse. 
 recus5, decline^ reject. 
 cura (for *cavira), care. 
 euro, care^ regard. 
 securus, free from care. 
 
 2 CAV-, hollow^ swell. 
 
 cavus, hollow. 
 
 concavo, make hollow. 
 
 caelum (for *cavilum), sky^ 
 
 heaven. 
 caelestis, of heaven. 
 caeruleus (for *caeluleus), like 
 
 the sky, dark blue. 
 
 I CEL-, CER-, strike, drive, run. 
 
 celer, swift. 
 celeber, frequented. 
 celebro, freque^tt ; celebrate. 
 procul, at a distance, far. 
 clades, destruction. 
 
 curro, run. 
 incurso, run into. 
 cursus, running, course. 
 currus, chariot. 
 crus, leg. 
 
 2 CEL-, CER-, rise, tower. 
 
 celsus, raised, elevated. 
 COllis, hill. 
 
 COlumna, column, pillar. 
 culmen (for columen), top, roof 
 
 CER-, CRE-,/^r/. 
 
 cerno, distinguish, see. 
 secern5, put apart. 
 certe, surely. 
 
 certus, determined, certain. 
 certamen, contest. 
 discrimen, that which parts, sepa- 
 ration. 
 
 CI-, rouse. 
 
 Citus, quick. 
 excieo, rouse up. 
 recito, read aloud. 
 sollicitus, thoroughly moved. 
 
 CLAV-, lock. 
 
 claudo (for * clavido), shut close. 
 exclude, shut out. 
 includo, shut in. 
 praecludo, shut off, close. 
 clavus, nail. 
 
 COL-, till. 
 
 COlo, till, dwell in. 
 excolo, cultivate. 
 COlonus, tiller, husbandman. 
 cultor, tiller, farmer. 
 cultus, tilled, polished. 
 incola, inhabitant. 
 monticola, m,ountaineer. 
 
WORD-GROUPS. 
 
 107 
 
 CRV-, raw. 
 CSXbyJlesk. 
 cruor, blood. 
 cruentus, blood-stained. 
 crudelis, rude, cruel. 
 
 CVB-, be7id, lie. 
 incubo, lie upon. 
 
 incumbo, lay one^s self upon, lean. 
 procumbo, fall forwards. 
 succumbo, fali down, yield. 
 
 CVP-, wish. 
 cupio, desire (vb.). 
 cupido, desire (subst.). 
 Cupido, Cupid. 
 
 CVR-, CIR-, curve. 
 
 Curvus, crooked, curved. 
 curvo, bend, curve. 
 recurvo, bend back. 
 (curvamen), bending. 
 curvatura, bend, rim. 
 
 circum, around. 
 circulus, circle. 
 
 1 DA-, give. 
 do, give. 
 
 donum, gift. 
 dono, present. 
 reddo, give back. 
 trado, give up. 
 
 2 "DA-yput. 
 
 abdo, put away. 
 addo, put to, add. 
 circumdo, put aroujtd. 
 
 condo, put together, hide. 
 credo, commit, believe. 
 ed5, put forth, set forth. 
 mando, put in hand. 
 perdo, put away, destroy. 
 prodo, put forth, betray. 
 recondo, put back, hide, 
 
 DEC-, beseem. 
 
 dece5, beseem. 
 decens, seemly. 
 decor, comeliness. 
 decorus, seemly. 
 decus, grace, glory. 
 dignus, worthy. 
 indignus, unworthy. 
 dignor, deem worthy. 
 indignor, deem unworthy. 
 indignans, indignant. 
 
 DIG-, DIC-, show, point. 
 
 dico, say, speak. 
 dictum, something said, word. 
 addico, say to. 
 digitus, finger. 
 
 index, one who points out, in- 
 former. 
 indicium, notice, witness. 
 iudex, judge. 
 iudicium, judgment. 
 vindex, defender. 
 vindico, assert a claim to. 
 vindicta, rod, satisfaction. 
 fatidicus, prophetic. 
 
 DIV-, DI-, DIAV-, shine. 
 
 divus, of a god. 
 diva, goddess. 
 
108 
 
 WORD-GROUPS. 
 
 divTnus, divine. 
 
 luno (for * T>\yoxi2i)^Juno. 
 
 lunonius, belonging to Juno. 
 
 luppiter (for * Diau-pater), Ju- 
 piter. 
 
 Diana (for Divana), Diana, god- 
 dess oj light. 
 
 deus, god. 
 
 semideus, half divine. 
 
 dea, goddess. 
 
 dives, rich. 
 
 dies, day. 
 
 diu, by day, long. 
 
 iubar, radiance. 
 
 iuvo, help, aid. 
 
 iuvenis, young, youth. 
 
 iuvenalis, youthjul. 
 
 iuvencus, young bullock. 
 
 iuvenca, heijer. 
 
 iuventa, youth. 
 
 DOM-, tame, subdue. 
 
 domo, tame, subdue. 
 perdomo, taine thoroughly. 
 dominus, master. 
 dominor, be master. 
 
 DVA-, DVI-, apart, two. 
 
 duo, two. 
 dubius, doubting. 
 dubito, doubt. 
 dubitabilis, doubtful. 
 
 bis (for * dvi-ies), twice. 
 bini, two by two. 
 biceps, with two heads. 
 biforis, with two doors. 
 bellum (for *duellum), war. 
 
 DVC-, lead. 
 dux, leader. 
 diico, lead. 
 abdiico, lead away. 
 addiico, lead to. 
 deduc5, lead away. 
 induco, lead in ; bring on. 
 obdiico, draw before, cover. 
 seduco, lead apart. 
 
 ED-, eat. 
 edo, eat. 
 semesus, half eaten. 
 
 EM-, take. 
 
 adimo, take to (one's self), take 
 
 away. 
 como {^ox^zo\va.o),comb, arraitge. 
 dirimo (for *disim6), take apart. 
 eximo, take out, remove. 
 sumo (for * subimo), take up. 
 absumo, take away. 
 pr5m6, take out. 
 promptus, set forth, ready. 
 promptu, at hand. 
 exemplum, sample, specimen. 
 praemium, reward. 
 
 ES-, be, live. 
 sum, be. 
 
 absum, be away. 
 desum, be wanting. 
 prosum, be of use. 
 supersum, be over, remain. 
 possum, be able. 
 potens, able. 
 potentia, power. 
 praesens, at hand. 
 (s5ns), guilty. 
 
WORD-GROUPS. 
 
 109 
 
 I FA-, shine ^ show. 
 
 (adfor), speak to. 
 
 fatum, prophetic utterance^ fate. 
 
 fa.tidicuSf prophetic. 
 
 fabula, story. 
 
 profanus, not sacred. 
 
 Tnfamia, evil fame. 
 
 fas, divine law. 
 
 nefas, that which is contrary to 
 
 divine law. 
 confiteor, acknowledge, confess. 
 infiteor, not to confess. 
 
 2 FA-, yawn. 
 fatigo, weary, tire. 
 fessus, wearied. 
 
 FAC-, make, do. 
 
 facio, make, do. 
 factum, deed. 
 labefacio, make totter. 
 f acinus, deed, bad deed. 
 deficio, zvithdraw, be wanting. 
 efficio, make out, bring to pass. 
 inficio, stain, tinge. 
 imperfectus, unfinished. 
 officium, service. 
 terrificus, causing terror. 
 vulnificus, wound-i7iflicting. 
 testificor, make a witness, attest. 
 opifex, worker. 
 fabrico, make, build. 
 fabricator, framer, maker. 
 
 FAL-, trip. 
 
 falls, cause to fall, deceive. 
 fallax, deceitful. 
 
 f alsus, feigned, false. 
 refello, disprove, refute. 
 
 FALC-, FLEC-, crook. 
 
 falcatus, curved. 
 flecto, bend. 
 flexus, bent. 
 
 FAV-, FOV-, FV-, glow, smoke. 
 
 favilla, glowing ashes. 
 
 favor, favor. 
 
 Faunus, Faunus, god of shep 
 
 herds, 
 foveo, warm, cherish. 
 fumus, smoke (subst.). 
 fumo, smoke (vb.). 
 funestus, deadly, 
 foedus, foul, loathsome. 
 
 I FER-, bear. 
 fero, bear. 
 adfero, bring to. 
 aufero, bear away. 
 d if fero, bear apart, defer. 
 off ero, bear before, present. 
 refero, bear back. 
 aurifer, gold-bearing. 
 flammifer, flame-bearing. 
 horrifer, bringing shaking, caus- 
 
 i7ig terror. 
 Tgnif er, fire-bearing. 
 Lucifer, light-bearing, Lucifer. 
 nubifer, cloud-bearing. 
 opifer, aid-bearing. 
 pestifer, destructive. 
 populifer, poplar-bearing. 
 sagittifer, arrow-bearing. 
 somnifer, sleep-bearing. 
 
110 
 
 WORD-GROUPS. 
 
 f erax, fruitful^ fertile. 
 
 f ertilitas, fruitfulness^ fertility. 
 
 fors, chance. 
 
 forte, by chance. 
 
 fortuna, chance^ fortune. 
 
 fortunatus, happy, 
 
 furtum, theft. 
 
 furtim, secretly. 
 
 2 FER-, wild, strike. 
 
 ferus, wild. 
 fera, wild animal. 
 ferinus, of wild animals. 
 feritas, wildness. 
 ferox, wild, fierce. 
 ferio, strike. 
 
 3 FER-, FRE-, hold, fix. 
 
 fere, quite, almost, 
 firmus, firm. 
 firmo, make firm. 
 fortis, strong, brave. 
 fortiter, strongly. 
 frenum, bridle. 
 defrenatus, unbridled. 
 
 FEV-, FE-, breed. 
 
 fee u nd us, productive, fruitful, 
 fetus, bearing, offspring. 
 teWx, fruitful, happy. 
 infellx, unfruitful, unhappy. 
 filius, son. 
 filia, daughter. 
 
 I FID-, bind, trust. 
 
 fides, faith, trust. 
 fiducia, trust, confidence. 
 
 fidus, trustworthy. 
 perfidus, faithless. 
 
 2 FID-, split. 
 
 finis, boundary, border. 
 finio, bound. 
 
 finitimus, bordering on, neighbor- 
 ing. 
 confinis, bordering, adjoining, 
 findo, split. 
 trifidus, thrice-split, three-cleft. 
 
 FIG-, handle, fix. 
 
 fingo, touch, fashion. 
 fictum, falsehood. 
 figo, fix, pierce. 
 effigies, likeness, figure. 
 figiira, form , figure. 
 
 FLA-, FOL-, FLO-, blow. 
 
 adfl5, blow to. 
 
 adflatus, blowing to, breath. 
 
 efflo, blow out, breathe out. 
 
 flamen, blowing, wind, blast. 
 
 flos, flower. 
 
 florens, blooming. 
 
 FLAG-, FVLG-, blaze. 
 
 flagro, blaze, glow. 
 fLa.m.m2L, flame. 
 flammifer, flame-bearing. 
 flavus, yellow. 
 fulgeo, gleam. 
 effulgeo, shine forth. 
 fulmen, thunderbolt. 
 fulvus, deep yellow. 
 
WORD-GROUPS. 
 
 Ill 
 
 FLV-, strengthened from FLA-, 
 
 flow. 
 fluo, flow. 
 flumen, river. 
 
 flumineus, belonging to a river. 
 fluctus, wave. 
 fluvialis, of a river. 
 &c:Q.\xva^M\ii'&^ flowing around. 
 septemfluus, sevenfold flowing. 
 fleo, weep. 
 defleo, weep over. 
 fletus, weeping. 
 
 FRAG-, break. 
 frango, break. 
 perfringo, break through. 
 fragor, crash, peal. 
 
 FV-y FVD-y pour. 
 fundo, pour. 
 
 circumfundo, pour around. 
 confundo, pour together. 
 diffundo, pour apart. 
 effundo, pour out. 
 infundo, pour itt. 
 suf fundo, pour below. 
 fons, spring, fountain. 
 
 FVD-, bottom, 
 profundus, deep. 
 profundum, depth, sea. 
 
 YWG-yflee. 
 fugio, flee. 
 dif fugio, flee apart. 
 ef fugio, flee from . 
 ref ugio, flee back. 
 f uga, flight. 
 fugo, put to flight. 
 
 fugax, fleeing. 
 prof ugus, fugitive. 
 
 FVR-, FERV-, rage, swell. 
 ferveo and f ervo, boil, glow. 
 fervor, heat. 
 effervesco, boil up. 
 
 GEN-, GN-, GNA-, beget. 
 
 gigno, bring forth. 
 
 genitor, begetter, father. 
 
 genetrix, mother. 
 
 gens, race, people. 
 
 ingens, not natural, great. 
 
 ingenium, inborn quality, nature. 
 
 genus, birth, race. 
 
 gener, son-in-law. 
 
 indigena, native. 
 
 progenies, descent, offspring. 
 
 (g)nascor, be born. 
 
 (g)natus, son. 
 
 (g)nata, daughter. 
 
 innatus, inborn. 
 
 cognatus, related by blood. 
 
 benignus, kind. 
 
 malignus, ill-disposed. 
 
 GES-, carry, 
 gero, carry, bear. 
 congero, bring together. 
 congeries, heap, mass. 
 indigestus, unorganized. 
 liniger, clothed in linett. 
 
 GNA-, GNO-, know. 
 ignarus, ignorant. 
 ignavus, lazy. 
 ignoro, not to know. 
 (g)nosc6, come to know, know. 
 
112 
 
 WORD-GROUPS. 
 
 notus, known. 
 
 cognosce, become acquainted with. 
 
 incognitus, u7tknown. 
 
 ndmen, means of knowings name. 
 
 n5 bills, well-known, high-born. 
 
 nota, means of recognition, mark, 
 
 notabills, notable. 
 
 noto, mark (vb.). 
 
 GRAD-, walk. 
 
 gradus, step. 
 gradior, walk, go. 
 egredior, walk forth, go out. 
 ingredlor, advance, enter. 
 
 HAB-, have. 
 
 habeo, have, hold. 
 
 habito, dwell, inhabit. 
 
 habit abll Is, capable of being in- 
 habited. 
 
 debeo (for *dehibe6), withhold, 
 owe. 
 
 debltus, due. 
 
 inhibeo, hold in. 
 
 praebeo (for *praehibe5), hold 
 forth, offer. 
 
 prohibeo, hold before, prevent. 
 
 habena, holder, rein. 
 
 HAES-, stick. 
 
 haereo, hang, cling. 
 adhaeresco, stick to. 
 
 HORS-, bristle. 
 
 horreo, bristle, shudder at. 
 horrendus, horrible. 
 horresco, bristle up. 
 
 perhorresco, bristle up, tremble 
 
 greatly. 
 horridus, bristling, rough. 
 horrlfer, causing terror. 
 
 I-, go- 
 
 eo, go. 
 
 abeo, go from, go away. 
 
 adeo, go to. 
 
 ambio, go around. 
 
 ambitio, going around, a soliciting 
 
 of votes. 
 clrcueo, go around. 
 circuitus, going around. 
 exeo, go out. 
 
 exitlum, going out, destruction. 
 intereo, go among, perish. 
 obeo, go before, go over, envelop. 
 pereo, pass away, perish. 
 praetereo, go by, pass. 
 Y>rbdeb, go forth. 
 redeo, go back. 
 subeo, go under, enter. 
 subitus, sudden. 
 transeo, go over. 
 iter, going, journey. 
 comes, companion. 
 comito, accompany. 
 
 I AC-, go, send, throw. 
 iacio, throw. 
 iaceo, be thrown, lie. 
 iacto, throw, keep throwing. 
 iactura, throwing away, loss. 
 ^iactus, throwing. 
 iaculor, hurl. 
 adicio, throw to, add. 
 deicio, throw dozun. 
 delectus, throwing down, fall. 
 
WORD-GROUPS. 
 
 113 
 
 indeiectus, not thrown down. 
 disicio, throw apart. 
 inicio, throw in. 
 obicio, throw before. 
 subicio, throw under. 
 traicio, throw across. 
 eiecto, cast out. 
 obiecto, set against^ charge. 
 
 IC-, AIC-, like. 
 
 aequus, equals even. 
 iniquus, uneven. 
 aequalis, equal, like. 
 inaequalis, unequal. 
 aequor, level, sea. 
 
 IV-, IVG-, bindy yoke. 
 
 ius, that which is binding, right. 
 
 iustiis,j'^/i-A 
 
 iuro, bi7id one^s self, swear. 
 
 periurus, perjured. 
 
 index, judge. 
 
 indicium, judgment. 
 
 iugum, yoke. 
 
 iugalis, yoked. 
 
 quadriiugus, of a team of four. 
 
 iugerum, acre. 
 
 iugulum, collar-bone, neck. 
 
 inngo, join. 
 
 iunctura, joining. 
 
 cunctus (for con-iunctus), all in a 
 
 body. 
 coniunx, married person. 
 coniugium, marriage. 
 
 LAB-, slide. , 
 lab5, totter. 
 labefacio, make totter, shake. 
 
 labor, glide. 
 delabor, glide down. 
 
 LAC-, LIC-, crook. 
 
 lacus, hollow, lake. 
 lacertus, arm. 
 obliquus, sidelo7ig, oblique. 
 sublimis, lofty. 
 
 LEG-, LIG-, gather. 
 
 lego, gather, read. 
 lector, reader. 
 conligo, gather together. 
 lignum, gathered wood, wood. 
 
 LIC-, LIQV-, let, leave. 
 
 licet, it is lawful. 
 licentia, freedom . 
 scilicet, you may know. 
 Iinqu5, leave. 
 relinquo, leave behind. 
 
 LIQV-, 'LY^-.pour. 
 
 libo, pour. out. 
 liquidus, flowing, liquid. 
 liquor, liquid. 
 liquor, be liquid. 
 
 I LV-, loose. 
 
 poUuo, soil. 
 solvo, loose, free. 
 resolvo, loosen. 
 
 2 LV-, LAV-, wash. 
 
 ablu5, wash away, 
 de^s^y^yxm., place of cleansing, tem^ 
 pie. 
 
114 
 
 WORD-GROUPS. 
 
 diluvium, flood. 
 lustrum, purificatory sacrifice. 
 lustro, make bright. 
 lutulentus, slimy. 
 
 LVC-, shine, 
 lux, light. 
 
 Lucifer, light-bearings Lucifer. 
 luceo, shine. 
 lucidus, shining. 
 perlucidus, shining through^ 
 
 transparent. 
 liimen, light. 
 luna, moon. 
 lucus, grove. 
 inlustris, bright, shining. 
 
 LVD-, play, 
 
 ludus, play, game. 
 ludo, play. 
 
 eludo, stop playing, escape. 
 lusor, player, 
 
 LVG-, distress. 
 
 luctus, grief. 
 luctisonus, sad-sounding. 
 lugeo, mourn. 
 lugubris, mourning. 
 
 I MA-, MAN-, measure. 
 
 manus, hand. 
 mensa, table. 
 mensis, month, 
 meta, goal. 
 metior, measure. 
 mensor, measurer. 
 mensura, measure. 
 
 immensus, immeasurable. 
 
 immanis, monstrous. 
 
 mos, way, habit. 
 
 nimis, beyond measure, too much. 
 
 nimius, too great. 
 
 nimium, too much, too. 
 
 2 MA-, MA-, shape, produce. 
 
 mater, mother. 
 
 materia, matter, material. 
 
 maternus, of a mother, maternal. 
 
 3 MA-, MAD-, measure, mod- 
 
 erate. 
 
 moderor, set a measure, rule, 
 moderate, moderately. 
 moderamen, management. 
 modo, by a measure, only, merely- 
 modus, measure. 
 
 MAC-, MAG-, big. 
 
 magnus, great. 
 magis, m,ore. 
 
 magnanimus, great-souled. 
 maiestas, greatness. 
 malo, wish rather, prefer. 
 
 MAD-, drip. 
 
 madeo, be wet. • 
 
 madesco, become wet. 
 immadesco, become wet. 
 
 TDAnOfflow. 
 
 madidus, wet. 
 
 I MAN-, MEN-, man, mind, stay. 
 
 maneo, stay. 
 permaneo, hold out. 
 
WORD-GROUPS. 
 
 115 
 
 remaneo, stay behind. 
 mens, mind. 
 demens, foolish. 
 mentior, invent, lie. 
 reminiscor, recall to mind. 
 monitum, advice. 
 monitus, warning. 
 monumentum, reminder. 
 mdnstrum, portent, wonder. 
 Minerva, Minerva. 
 maritus, husband. 
 
 2 MAN-, MIN-, project. 
 
 minae, projections. 
 minor, project. 
 minitor, threaten. 
 minax, projecting. 
 immineo, project over. 
 mons, mountain. 
 montanus, of mountains. 
 monticola, ?nountaineer. 
 
 MAR-, weaky die. 
 mare, sea. 
 mors, death. 
 morior, die. 
 mortalis, mortal. 
 
 MIL-, associate. 
 
 miles, soldier. 
 mille, thousand. 
 
 MIR-, smile, wonder. 
 
 mirus, wonderful. 
 miror, wonder. 
 miraculum, wonder, marvel. 
 admiror, admire. 
 
 MIS-, wretched. 
 
 miser, wretched. 
 miserabilis, pitiable. 
 miserandus, pitiable. 
 misereor, pity. 
 maereo, be sad. 
 
 MIT-, send, throw. 
 
 mitto, send. 
 amitto, send away. 
 admitto, send to, let go. 
 committo, bring together, commit. 
 demitto, send down, let fall. 
 dimitto, send away, give up. 
 emitto, send out. 
 immitto, send in, let loose. 
 intermitto, intermit, interrupt. 
 permitto, let pass, permit. 
 promitto, send forth, promise. 
 admissum, crime. 
 promissum, promise. 
 
 MOV-, MV-, move. 
 
 moveo, m,ove. 
 
 motus, motio7t. 
 
 admoveo, move to. 
 
 remove o, move back. 
 
 submoveo, put out of the way, 
 
 remove. 
 immotus, unmoved. 
 miito, move, change. 
 mutabilis, changeable. 
 mutuus, mutual. 
 
 MV-, shut, fasten. 
 
 moenia, walls. 
 miinus, service. 
 
116 
 
 WORD-GROUPS. 
 
 communis, bound together ^ com- nubo, veil one^s self^ marry. 
 
 mon. conubium, m.arriage. 
 
 immxinis, free frofti service. innuptus, unmarried. 
 
 I NA-, NAV-, NV-, swim. 
 
 n5, swim afloat. 
 nato, swim afloat. 
 navis, ship. 
 navig5, sail. 
 navita, sailor. 
 innabilis, not liquid. 
 nutrio, suckle. 
 
 2 NA-, no. 
 
 ne, not^ that not. 
 
 -ne, sign of question. 
 
 nee or neque, and noty nor. 
 
 neve or neu, and not, nor. 
 
 nihil or nil, nothing. 
 
 nimis, beyond measure. 
 
 nimius, too great. 
 
 nimium, too much. 
 
 nisi, if not. 
 
 nolo, be unwilling. 
 
 non, not. 
 
 nondum, not yet. 
 
 nullus, not any. 
 
 numquam, never. 
 
 nusquam, nowhere. 
 
 NEB-, NVB-, cloud, veil. 
 
 nebula, mist. 
 
 Neptunus, Neptune, god of the 
 
 sea. 
 nimbus, rain-storm, storm-cloud. 
 nubes, cloud. 
 nubifer, cloud-bearing. 
 nubila, clouds. 
 
 I NEC-, bind. 
 nexilis, tied up. 
 
 2 NEC-, NOC-, kill. 
 
 nex, death. 
 (seminex), half-dead. 
 noceo, hurt, harm. 
 nocens, hurtful. 
 innocuus, harmless. 
 noxa, harm. 
 nox, night. 
 
 NEM-, NVM-, allot. 
 
 nemus, woodland. 
 numerus, number. 
 numerosus, full of rhythm, me- 
 lodious. 
 innumerus, innufnerable. 
 
 1 NV-, now. 
 nunc, now. 
 
 niintia, female messenger. 
 niiper, recently. 
 novus, new. 
 novitas, newness. 
 renovo, renew. 
 noverca, stepmother. 
 
 2 NV-, nod. 
 nut5, nod. 
 
 niitus, nod. 
 niimen, nod, deity. 
 adnuo, nod to, approve. 
 
WORD-GROUPS. 
 
 117 
 
 0L-, OR-f^row, rise. 
 
 proles, offspring. 
 
 suboles, sprout, offspring. 
 
 orior, rise. 
 
 origo, beginning, source. 
 
 ortus, rising. 
 
 ordo, row, order. 
 
 OS-, mouth. 
 
 OS, mouth, face. 
 oro, speak, beg. 
 oraculum, oracle. 
 adoro, call upon, worship. 
 
 VA-,feed. 
 
 pabulum, /t7^^. 
 
 pater, father. 
 
 paternus, of a father. 
 
 patrius, of a father. 
 
 patria, father-land, native coun- 
 try. 
 
 patruelis, of afather'^s brother. 
 
 Juppiter, Jupiter. 
 
 pasco, feed. 
 
 pastor, shepherd. 
 
 pastorius, of a shepherd. 
 
 pascuus, grazing. 
 
 penitus (cf. penus, store of food), 
 within. 
 
 penetr5, enter. 
 
 penetralis, inner. 
 
 Penates, Penates, household gods. 
 
 PAC-, PAG-,/;tr, make fast. 
 
 pax, compact, peace. 
 pactum, agreement, 
 comj^digd, joint. 
 
 propago, offspring. 
 
 repagula, barrier. 
 
 pecus, -oris, cattle. 
 
 pecus, -udis, head of cattle, brute. 
 
 pectus, breast. 
 
 piger, unwilling, slow. 
 
 pigre, slowly. 
 
 pignus, pledge. 
 
 pugiia, battle. 
 
 ^\x%vib, fight. 
 
 pugnax, fond of fighting. 
 
 .repugn6,yf^/^/ back. 
 
 inexpugnabilis, unassailable, 
 
 PAND-, pull, jerk. 
 
 pendeo, hang, be suspended. 
 rependo, weigh ox pay back. 
 impensus, ample. 
 
 PAR-, POR-, part, breed. 
 
 par 6, make ready. 
 
 reparo, restore. 
 
 reparabilis, capable of being re- 
 paired. 
 
 separo, separate, divide. 
 
 pareo, appear, be at hand, obey. 
 
 aperio, uncover. 
 
 apertus, uncovered, open. 
 
 re'peno, find again. 
 
 pars, part. 
 
 expers, having no part in, with- 
 out. 
 
 partim, partly. 
 
 propero, hasten. 
 
 pario, bring forth, bear. 
 
 partus, bearing, birth. 
 
 parens, parent. 
 
 parentalis, parental. 
 
118 
 
 WORD-GROUPS. 
 
 PAT-, PAD-, spread, open. 
 
 pateo, lie open. 
 patefacio, make open. 
 patulus, spreading out. 
 pando, spread out. 
 passim, scattered about, here and 
 there. 
 
 PAV-, little. 
 
 paulatim, little by little. 
 
 paulum, a little. 
 
 parvus (for *paurus), littUy small. 
 
 PED-, tread, 
 -pes, foot. 
 
 alipes, wing-footed. 
 anguipes, serpent-footed. 
 Tgnipes, fiery-footed. 
 quadrupes, with four feet. 
 impedio, entangle. 
 oppidum, town, city. 
 
 PEL-, PVL- (PAL-), drive, scatter. 
 
 pello, drive, beat. 
 expello, drive out. 
 impello, strike against. 
 repello, drive back. 
 repulsa, refusal. 
 pulso, strike, beat. 
 palpor, stroke, pat. 
 
 PER-, through, try. 
 
 per, through. 
 
 perlculum (-clum), trial, peril. 
 
 experior, try. 
 
 experiens, experienced. 
 
 experientia, trial. 
 
 port 6,' bear, carry. 
 
 PET-,y?j/. 
 peto, seek. 
 repeto, seek again. 
 impetus, attack. 
 penna (for *petna),/^^M^n 
 
 PLAT-, spread, fiat 
 latus (for *platus), side, flank. 
 Latinus, of Latium., Latin. 
 Latius, Latin. 
 
 PLE-, VLW-,ftll. 
 •plenus, full. 
 compleo, fll up. 
 im'p\ed,fll up, fulfil, 
 re-pled, fill again. 
 plebs, common people. 
 populus, people. 
 popularis, of the people. 
 
 PLEC-, weave, fold. 
 plaga, hunting net. 
 amplexus, embrace. 
 complector, embrace, clasp. 
 supplex, submissive, suppliattt. 
 supplicium, kneeling down, sup- 
 plication. 
 
 PLV-, zvash,fiow. 
 
 pluvius, rainy. 
 deploro, bewail, 
 •plurm., feather. 
 plaustrum, wagon. 
 
 POS-, behind. 
 post, behind, after. 
 posteritas, posterity. 
 postquam, after, after that. 
 
WORD-GROUPS. 
 
 119 
 
 POT-, master. 
 
 possum (for * potsum), be able. 
 potens, able, powerful. 
 potentia, power. 
 potestas, ability, power. 
 omnipotens, all-powerful. 
 
 PREC-, pray. 
 
 {"prex), prayer. 
 
 precor, pray. 
 
 deprecor, avert by prayer. 
 
 posco (for *porcsc6), demand. 
 
 deposco, demand earnestly. 
 
 PREM-, press. 
 
 premo, press. 
 comprimo, press together. 
 imprimo, press upon. 
 opprim5, press against. 
 reprimo, press back. 
 supprimo, press down, hold back. 
 
 PRO-, PRI-, PRAE-, before. 
 
 pro, before. 
 
 procul, at a distance, far. 
 pronus, bent over, leaning for- 
 ward, steep. 
 pro tin us, right onward, 
 "pxior, former. 
 prius, before. 
 primus, y?rj/. 
 "pxlmuvci, first. 
 primo, at first. 
 princeps, y^rj-/, chief 
 principium, beginning. 
 praeter, before, besides.^ 
 
 QVAES-, seek. 
 
 quaero, seek, ask. 
 inquiro, seek after. 
 require, seek again. 
 
 RA-, count. 
 ratio, reckoning. 
 reor, reckon, think. 
 res, thing. 
 ritus, usage, rite. 
 
 I RAD-, scratch, gnaw. 
 rastrum, hoe, rake. 
 rostrum, bill, beak. 
 rudis, unwr ought, rough. 
 
 2 RAD-, sprout. 
 radix, root. 
 ramus, branch. 
 radius, rod, ray. 
 radio, shhte. 
 
 RAP-, RVP-, snatch, break. 
 rapio, snatch, seize. 
 rapto, carry off. 
 rapidus, swift. 
 raptum, plunder. 
 corripio, seize, grasp. 
 eripio, snatch from. 
 rumpo, break. 
 abrumpo, bi-eak off. 
 inrumpo, break in. 
 praeruptus, steep, ab^-upt. 
 rupes, rock. 
 
 REG-, stretch, guide. 
 rego, guide, rule. 
 regens, governor. 
 
120 
 
 WORD-GROUPS. 
 
 rectus, straight. 
 
 rectum, rectitude^ virtue. 
 
 rector, guide^ ruler. 
 
 corrigo, make straight. 
 
 porrigo, stretch out. 
 
 surgo, rise. 
 
 erigo, raise up. 
 
 erectus, lofty. 
 
 direct us, straight. 
 
 regio, direction^ region. 
 
 rex, king. 
 
 regina, queen. 
 
 regius, of a king, royal. 
 
 regia, palace. 
 
 regalis, of a king, royal. 
 
 regaliter, royally. 
 
 regnum, empire, kingdom. 
 
 regno, reign. 
 
 rigor, stiffness. 
 
 rigeo, be stiff. 
 
 rigesco, grow stiff. 
 
 derigesco, become stiff. 
 
 -RY-,fall. 
 
 XVio,fall down. 
 ruin a, downfall. 
 QOXiMo, fall together. 
 obruo, overthrow, cover. 
 
 RVB-, red. 
 
 ruber, red. 
 rubor, redness, blush. 
 rubens, red, ruddy. 
 rubesco, grow red. 
 erubesco, grow red. 
 rubeta, bramble-bush. 
 rubigo, rust. 
 rutilus, red. 
 
 SA-, sow. 
 
 sero (*siso), sow. 
 Saturnus, Saturn (sower). 
 Saturnius, of Saturn. 
 saeculum, generation, age. 
 
 I SAC-, SAG-, fasten. 
 
 sacer, sacred. 
 sanctus, sacred. 
 sagitta, arrow. 
 sagittifer, arrow-bearing. 
 
 2 SAC-, SEC-, SCI-, SCID-, 
 
 split. 
 seco, cut. 
 reseco, cut back. 
 scio, know. 
 SCitor, ask, inquire. 
 inscius, ignorant. 
 nescio, not know. 
 nescius, not knowing. 
 scindo, cut, split. 
 abscindo, split off. 
 rescindo, cut off. 
 caedo (for *scaed6), cut down. 
 caedes (for *scaedes), cutting 
 
 down, slaughter. 
 recido, cut back. 
 
 I SAL-, leap. 
 
 (saltus), leap. 
 desilio, leap down. 
 dissilio, leap apart. 
 Tnsulto, leap icp. 
 consul, consul. 
 consuls, consult. 
 exsul, exile. 
 
WORD-GROUPS. 
 
 121 
 
 2 SAL-, SER-, save. 
 salus, soundness^ safety. 
 solacium, comfort^ consolation. 
 solid us, whole y solid. 
 solus, alone. 
 soUertia, skill. 
 
 SOUicitus, thoroughly moved. 
 servo, keep. 
 observe, watch, care for. 
 
 SEC-, follow. 
 sequor, follow. 
 mseqvLor, follow close upon. 
 obsequor, comply. 
 exsequiae, funeral procession, 
 secundus, following, second. 
 SOCia, companio7t. 
 dissocio, disjoin. 
 
 SED-, SID-, sit. 
 sedeo, sit. 
 sedes, seat. 
 
 adsiduus, remaining near, con- 
 tinual. 
 insidiae, snare. 
 obses, hostage. 
 consido, sit together. 
 possido, take posses sio7t of 
 subsido, sit down, subside. 
 resideo, sit back, reside. 
 solium, seat, throne. 
 
 SEM-, SIM-, together, like. 
 
 semper, always. 
 similis, like. 
 dissimilis, unlike. 
 simul, at the same tim.e. 
 simulo, imitate. 
 
 dissimulo, make unlike. 
 simulacrum, likeness. 
 
 SENT-,/^^/. 
 sentio,/^(?/. 
 
 sententia, thinkings opinion. 
 sensim, gradually. 
 Rdsensus, feeling with, agreement, 
 
 SER-, string, bind. 
 adser5, bind to. 
 desero, leave, desert. 
 exsero, stretch out. 
 insero, insert. 
 series, row, series. 
 sermo, speech. 
 serta, garland. 
 SOrs, lot, oracle. 
 sortior, cast lots. 
 consors, having a common lot. 
 
 SMAR-, MAR-, think. 
 memor, mindful. 
 memoro, mention. 
 mora, delay, hesitation. 
 moror, delay, stay. 
 
 SON-, sound. 
 SOnus, sound. 
 luctisonus, sad-sounding. 
 sonans, sounding. 
 SOnitus, noise, sound. 
 circumsono, sound around. 
 
 SOP-, sleep. 
 sopor, deep sleep. 
 somnus, sleep. 
 somnifer, sleep-bringing. 
 
122 
 
 WORD-GROUPS. 
 
 SPEC-, see, spy. 
 species, sight, 
 specto, look at. 
 speculor, watch. 
 aspicio, look at. 
 circumspicio, look around. 
 conspicio, look at attentively. 
 conspicuus, visible. 
 despicio, look down upon. 
 perspicio, look through. 
 prospicio, look forward. 
 respicio, look back at. 
 suspicio, look upwards. 
 suspectus, suspected. 
 
 STA-, stand, set. 
 
 sto, stand. 
 
 circumsto, stand around. 
 
 disto, stand apart. 
 
 exsto, stand out. 
 
 obsto, stand before, oppose. 
 
 praesto, stand before. 
 
 rests, resist. 
 
 instabilis, not firm. 
 
 stagnum, standing water. 
 
 stagno, cover as a lake. 
 
 static, station. 
 
 superstes, standing by, surviving. 
 
 sist5, place, set. 
 
 consists, stand still. 
 
 exsistS, stand out, appear. 
 
 obsistS, set against, resist. 
 
 resists, stand back. 
 
 subsists, take position, stop. 
 
 restituo, set up again. 
 
 STER-, STRA-, STLA-, strew, 
 
 spread. 
 sterno, strew, scatter. 
 
 Stella (for * sterula), star. 
 stellans, starry. 
 stellatus, set with stars. 
 stirps, stock. 
 
 latus (for *stlatus), wide. 
 late, widely. 
 
 torus (for *storus), swelling, 
 cushion, couch. 
 
 TA- (pron. St.), that. 
 
 talis, such, of such a kind. 
 
 tam, so. 
 
 tamquam, so as, as if. 
 
 tamen, nevertheless, for all that 
 
 tandem, at length. 
 
 tantus, so great. 
 
 tantum, so much. 
 
 tantummodo, only. 
 
 tot, so many. 
 
 totidem, just as many. 
 
 turn, then, at that time. 
 
 tunc, then, at that time. 
 
 TAC-, silent. 
 taceo, be silent. 
 tacit us, silent. 
 reticeo, keep silence. 
 
 TAG-, touch, seize. 
 tango, touch. 
 contingo, touch, reach. 
 intactus, untouched. 
 
 TAL-, TOL-, TLA-, ////. 
 tellus, earth. 
 tolls, lift. 
 
 attoUo, lift up, raise. 
 tolero, endure. 
 
WORD-GROUPS. 
 
 123 
 
 TARC- (TARP-), TREP-, turn, 
 twist. 
 
 torqueo, turn, twist. 
 tortilis, twisted, winding. 
 tortus, twisted. 
 truncus, maimed. 
 truncus, trunk. 
 trepido, be agitated. 
 trepidus, agitated. 
 turpis, Mgly. 
 
 TEG-, cover. 
 
 tego, cover. 
 
 tectum, covered structure, house. 
 tegumen, covering, hat. 
 toga, toga, cloak. 
 
 I TEM-, cut. 
 
 tempus, section of time, time. 
 tempus, vital spot, temple. 
 templum, place marked off atid 
 
 consecrated, temple. 
 tempestas, time. 
 tempestive, at the right time. 
 tempers, be moderate, rule. 
 temperies, proper mixture. 
 contemptrTx, scorner, despiser. 
 contemptus, a despising, scorn. 
 
 2 TEM-, TIM-, stun. 
 
 temerarius, rash. 
 tim.or, fear (subst.). 
 timed, fear (vb.). 
 timidus, afraid, timid. 
 timide, fearfully. 
 pertimesco, fear greatly. 
 
 TEN-, stretch. 
 
 tend 6, stretch. 
 contendo, strain, contend. 
 extendo, stretch out. 
 ostendo, stretch before, show. 
 teneo, hold. 
 detineo, hold off. 
 retineo, hold back. 
 sustineo, hold up. 
 tenuis, thin. 
 tenuo, make thin. 
 tener, tender. 
 tenus, as far as. 
 contentus, content, satisfied. 
 tempto (tento), try. 
 retempto, try anew. 
 
 TEP-, warm. 
 
 tepeo, be tepid. 
 tepesco, become warm. 
 tepidus, warm. 
 tepor, gentle warmth. 
 
 I TER-, bore, rub. 
 
 tero, rub. 
 
 protero, tram^ple down. 
 trio, plough-ox. 
 tritus, oft-trodden. 
 
 2 TER-, TREM-, TERSt, shake, 
 scare. 
 
 tremo, shake, tremble. 
 tremor, trembling. 
 tremulus, shaking, waving. 
 intremo, tremble. 
 terre5 (for ^ iexseb), frighten. 
 terribilis, frightful. 
 
124 
 
 WORD-GROUPS. 
 
 terrificus, causing terror. 
 Tperi.QUQo, frighten thoroughly. 
 tristis, sad. 
 
 TERS-, parch. 
 terra (for *tersa), earth. 
 terrenus, of earth. 
 \SiXlQ.Oy parchy roast. 
 
 TRAG-, move., drag. 
 traho, draw., drag. 
 abstraho, drag away. 
 contrah5, drag together. 
 detraho, drag away. 
 tractus, draggittg, track. 
 tergum, back. 
 
 TVM-, swell. 
 
 tumidus, swollen. 
 tumulus, heap of earth, hill. 
 tumesc5, begin to swell. 
 intumesc5, swell up. 
 
 TVR-, hurry, crowd. 
 
 turba, turmoil, crowd. 
 turbo, disturb, frighten. 
 turbo, whirlwind. 
 
 VA- (BA-), VEN-, go, come. 
 obambulo, walk before. 
 invado, go into. 
 venio, come. 
 
 convenio, come together. 
 invenio, come upon, find. 
 pervenio, come through, arrive. 
 
 VAG-, VEH-, move, carry. 
 
 vagus, roving. 
 veho, carry, bear. 
 
 eveho, bear forth. 
 convex us, vaulted. 
 via (for * vehia), way. 
 viator, wayfarer. 
 devius, off the way. 
 obvius, in the way, meeting. 
 pervius, passable. 
 velum (for * vehslum), sail. 
 velo, cover. 
 
 VD-, spring, well. 
 unda, wave, water. 
 abundo, overflow. 
 
 VEL-, VOL-, tear, pluck. 
 avello, tear away. 
 revello, pull away, tear off. 
 vulnus, wound. 
 vulnero, wound, injure. 
 vulnificus, wounding. 
 
 VERT-, turn. 
 verto, turn. 
 vertigo, whirling. 
 vertex, whirl, peak. 
 versus, verse. 
 averts, turn away. 
 convert©, turn around. 
 evert 6, overturn. 
 avertor, return. 
 aversor, turn from. 
 adversus, turned towards, facing. 
 diversus, diverse, different. 
 
 VI-, VIC-, twine. 
 vinetum, vineyard. 
 vincio, bind. 
 vinculum, bond, cord. 
 
WORD-GROUPS. 
 
 125 
 
 vitta, band. 
 Yitium, fauUy vice. 
 vitio, make faulty. 
 vitiosus, full of faults. 
 
 VIC-, conquer. 
 vinco, conquer. 
 evinco, overcome. 
 victor, conqueror. 
 invictus, unconquered. 
 vix, hardly. 
 
 VID-, see. 
 video, see. 
 
 viso, look at attentively^ visit. 
 invidia, envy. 
 
 VIV-, VIG-, live. 
 vivo, live. 
 
 vivax, tenacious of life. 
 vivus, alive. 
 vita, life. 
 vitalis, vital. 
 victus, food. 
 
 convictus, living together. 
 convivium, banquet. 
 
 voco, call. 
 VOX, voice. 
 
 VOC-, call. 
 
 convoco, call together. 
 revoco, call back. 
 sevoco, call apart. 
 convicium, clamor^ wrangling. 
 vacca, cow. 
 
 I VOL-, will^ wish. 
 
 volo, will, wish. 
 voluntas, will^ wish. 
 -ve, or, or if you will. 
 vel, or, or if you will. 
 malo (for *mag-volo),/r<?/^r. 
 nolo (for non volo), be unwill- 
 ing. 
 quamvis, as you will, although. 
 qui vis, whoever it be. 
 
 2 VOL-,y?v. 
 
 evolo,^/fv out. 
 VOlucer, flying, winged. 
 velox, swift. 
 
 3 VOL-, VOLV-, roll, twist. 
 
 volvo, roll. 
 
 evolvo, roll out. 
 
 involve, roll in, envelop. 
 
 volumen, coil. 
 
 voluto, roll, twist. 
 
 lorum (for *vlorum), thong. 
 
VOCABULARY. 
 
 Note. — The asterisk (*) is placed before assumed words not found in extant Latin. 
 
 ab (abs) or a, prep. w. dhl.^frovt, 
 away from, i, 23, 80, 313, 2, 
 292, 323, %']0'jrom, I, 144, 145, 
 185, 233, my, from, out of i, 
 269, 569 ; down from, i, 673, 
 2, 178; from, beginning with, 
 
 i> 3» 336, 2, 374;A^w» si^c^^ 
 2, 385 ; from, after, 2, 834 ; 
 from beside, 2, 311; in, 2, 112; 
 on, 2, 25, 476, 839; ab omni 
 parte, on all sides, i, 34 ; ^_y, i, 
 40, 2, 378 ; by, by means of, un- 
 der the influence of, i, 66, 254, 
 4I7» 431; h^ through, 2, 368. 
 
 abdOy 3, -did!, -ditus (ab, away) 
 [2 DA-, put^ put away ; hide, 
 conceal, 2, 762. 
 
 abduco, 3, -duxT, -ductus (ab, 
 away ; duco, lead) [dvc-], lead 
 away ; drive away, i, 677. 
 
 abeo, -ire, -ii, -iturus (ab, from ; 
 Co> go) [i-]> go f^om ; go away, 
 2, 697, 872 ; pass over, be kin- 
 dled, I, 495 ; be changed, trans- 
 formed, I, 236. 
 
 abigS, 3, -egi, -actus (ab, away ; 
 
 ago, drive) [i AG-], drive away ; 
 
 drive away as plunder, carry 
 
 off, 2, 686. 
 abluo, 3, -lui, -lutus (ab, away ; 
 
 luo, wash) [2 iN-^wash away; 
 
 wash, 2, 324. 
 abrumpo, 3, -rupl, -ruptus (ab, 
 
 off ; rumpo, break) [rap-, RVP-], 
 
 break off, 2, 359; tear in pieces, 
 
 2, 315- 
 abscindo, 3, -scidT, -scissus (ab, 
 
 off; scindo, split) [2 sac-, scid-], 
 
 split off, tear off ; separate, 1,22. 
 abstraho, 3, -traxi, -tractus (abs, 
 
 away; traho, drag) [trag-], 
 
 drag away, i, 666. 
 abstuli, see aufero. 
 absum, abesse, afuT, afuturus (ab, 
 
 away; sum, be) [es-], be away; 
 
 be absent, i, 91, 583, 2, 778; be 
 
 distant, 2, 292. 
 absumo, 3, -sumpsi, -sumptus (ab, 
 
 away ; sumo, for * subimo, take) 
 
 [em-], take away J use up, con- 
 27 
 
128 
 
 VOCABULARY. 
 
 sume, I, 543; pass into, be lost 
 in, I, 742. 
 
 abundo, i, -avl, {ah, from; 
 
 undo, swell) [vd-], over/low; 
 abound in, 2, 764. 
 
 ac, see atque. 
 
 accedo (adc-), 3, -cessT, -cessurus 
 
 (ad, to ; cedo, go) [cad-], go to ; 
 
 approach, 2, 41, 503. 
 accendo (adc-), 3, -cendi, -census 
 
 (ad, to; * cando, set fire) [cand-], 
 
 set fire to ; set 07t fire, kindle, 
 
 infiame, 2, 228. 
 accipio, 3, -cepi, -ceptus (ad, to; 
 
 capio, take) [cap-], take to (one's 
 
 self); receive, 2, 695 ; hear^ 
 
 learn, T. 2. 
 acclivus, -a, -um, adj. (ad, to; 
 
 clivus, hill), uphill ; steep, 2, 
 
 19. 
 acer, acris, acre, adj. [i AC-], 
 
 sharp; fiery, spirited, wild, 2, 
 
 86. 
 acervus, -1, m., heap, pile, mass, 
 
 I, 24. 
 acies, -el and -e, f. [i ac-, sharpy 
 
 edge; look, glance, 2, ']"](). 
 aconitum, -1, n., a poiso7tous plant, 
 
 wolfs-bafte, aconite, poison^ poi- 
 sonous drink, i, 147. 
 actum, -T, N. (ago, drive) [i ag-], 
 
 thing done ; deed, T. 92. 
 acumen, -inis, n. (acu5, make 
 
 sharp) [i AC-], point, 2, 376. 
 acutus, -a, -um, adj. (acuo, make 
 
 sharp) [i AC-], sharpened ; 
 
 sharp, pointed, i, 470; prickly, 
 
 I, 699. 
 
 ad, prep. w. ace, to, toward, i, 
 
 61, 86, 170, etc.; as far as, up 
 to, I, 153; down to, until, i, 4; 
 for, I, 126, 2, 223; at, I, 503, 
 657; with or in, 2, 774. 
 
 addico, 3, -dIxT, -dictus (ad, to; 
 dico, say) [Die-, Die-], say to, 
 give assent ; give up, sacrifice, 
 betray, i, 617. 
 
 addo, 3, -didi, -ditus (ad, to) [2 
 DA-, put'], put to; put on, 2, 
 121; Join, 2, 397, 826; add, i, 
 38 ; add to this, consider also, 
 2, 70. 
 
 adduco, 3, -duxT, -ductus (ad, to ; 
 duco, lead) [dvc-], lead to; 
 draw to (one's self), draw, i, 
 
 455- 
 (adedo), 3, -edl, -esus (ad, to; edo, 
 
 eat) [ed-], eat away ; consume, 
 
 A. 41. 
 adeo, adv. (ad, to; eo, there, 
 
 thither), to this or that ; so far, 
 
 so much, I, 396. 
 ade5, -Ire, -il, -itus (ad, to ; eo, go) 
 
 \}-\', go to ; come to, approach, i, 
 
 369. 779. 2, 861^ 
 adfecto (aff-), i, -avi, -atus, freq. 
 
 (adficio ; ad, to ; facio, do) 
 
 [fac-], strive after; strive to 
 
 obtain, i, 152; aspire to, aim 
 
 at, 2, 58. 
 adfero (aff-), -ferre, attuli (adt-), 
 
 adlatus (all-) (ad, to; fero, bring) 
 
 [i FER-], bring to, i, 271. 
 adflatus (aff-), -us, m. (cf. adflo; 
 
 ad, to ; fI5, blow) [fla-], a 
 
 blowing to ; breathing on, 
 
 breath, 2, 793. 
 adflo (aff-), I, -avl, (ad, to; 
 
VOCABULARY. 
 
 129 
 
 flo, blow) [FLA-], blow to; 
 breathe on, i, 542. 
 
 adfor (aff-), i, -atus, defect, (ad, 
 to; (for), speak) [i ¥ A.-'], speak 
 to ; accost, address, i, 350,2, 783. 
 
 adhaeresco, 3, -haesT, , inch. 
 
 (adhaereo ; ad, to ; haere5, stick) 
 [haes-], stick to, adhere ; stop, 
 land, I, 319. 
 
 adhuc, adv. (ad, to ; hue, hither), 
 to this place; of time, until 
 now, yet, still, i, 10, T], 132, 
 356, 554, 2, 255, 300,^398. 
 
 adicio (pronounce adiicio),3,-ieci, 
 -iectus (ad, to; iacio, throw) 
 [lAC-], throw to; add, 2, 384; 
 stimalos, still more spur on, i, 
 245. 
 
 adimo, 3, -emi, -emptus (ad, to ; 
 emo, buy) [em-, take^ take to 
 {one^s self) ; take away, refnove, 
 2, 211. 
 
 adiuv5, i, -iuvi, -iutus (ad, to; 
 iuvo, help), help, assist, sup- 
 p07't, sustain, i, 540. 
 
 admiror, i, -atus (ad, to; miror, 
 wonder) [mir-], admire; look 
 with admiration, i, 644; won- 
 der at, 2, 209. 
 
 admissum, -1, n. (cf. admitto ; ad, 
 to; mitto, send) [mit-], tres- 
 pass, crime, i, 210. 
 
 admitto, 3, -misi, -missus (ad, to ; 
 mitto, send) [mit-], send to; 
 let go, let loose ; admisso passu, 
 with quickened step, i, 532. 
 
 admoveo, 2, -movi, -motus (ad, to; 
 moved, move) [mov-], move to; 
 bring to, i, 139, 494. 
 
 adnuo (ann-), 3, -nul, (ad, 
 
 to) [2 NV-, nod'\, nod to ; assent, 
 approve, i, 567. 
 
 adoleo, 2, -olui, , turn to 
 
 vapor ; burn up, i, 492. 
 
 adoperio, 4, -erul, -ertus (ad, to ; 
 operio, cover), cover over ; cover, 
 2, 790; bury, I, 714. 
 
 ador5, i, -avi, -atus (ad, to ; oro, 
 speak) [os-], call upon; suppli- 
 cate, worship, adore, i, 320. 
 
 adsensus (ass-), -us, m. (cf. ad- 
 sentio; ad, to; ^^r^Wh, perceive) 
 [sent-], feeli7ig with ; agree- 
 ment, signs of approval, i, 245. 
 
 adsero (ass-), 3, -seruT, -sertus (ad, 
 to; sero, bind) [ser-], bind to ; 
 claim, lay claim to, i, 462 ; me 
 caelo, claim me as descendant 
 of the gods, I, 761. 
 
 adsiduus (ass-), -a, -um, adj. (cf. 
 adsideo ; ad, to ; sedeo, sit) 
 [SED-, SID-], remaining near ; 
 continual, unceasing, i, 66, 2, 
 70, 486. 
 
 adsuetus (ass-), -a, -um (p. of 
 adsuesco; ad, to; suesco, ac- 
 custom), accustomed, customary, 
 usual, 2, 165. 
 
 adsum (ass-), -esse, -fui (aff-), 
 
 (ad, to; sum, be) [es-], 
 
 be to ; be at hand, be present, 2, 
 45, 3^7^ 679; come, i^ 256, 2, 
 497, 513 ; accompany, adorn, 
 I, 560. 
 
 aduncus, -a, -um, adj. (ad, to; 
 uncus, bent), bent towards; 
 be7it like a hook, hooked, 2, 479; 
 curved, i, 293, 2, 286. 
 
130 
 
 VOCABULARY. 
 
 ad versus, -a, -um, adj. (p. of ad- 
 verto ; ad, to ; verto, turn) 
 [vert-], turned towards ; fac- 
 ing, in front, i, 528, 2, 80, 
 476, 814; in adversum, in oppo- 
 site direction, 2, 72. 
 
 Aeas, -antis, m. (Afas), Aeas, a 
 river in Epirus, which rises in 
 the Pindus mountains and 
 flows into the Ionian Sea, i, 
 580. 
 
 Aegaeon, -onis, m. (Alyaiujv), 
 Aegaeon, 2l hundred-armed sea- 
 giant or sea-god, 2, 10. 
 
 aeger, -gra, -grum, adj., sick; 
 paijiful, 2, 329. 
 
 aemulus, -a, -um, emulating, 
 rivaling', as subst., a rival, 
 I, 476. 
 
 aeneus (ahen-), -a, -um, adj. (aes, 
 copper, bronze), of copper or 
 bronze, i, 125. 
 
 Aeolius, -a, -um, adj. (Aeolus, 
 AfoXos), belonging to Aeolus, the 
 god of the winds, which he 
 shut up in caves; Aeolian, i, 
 262. 
 
 aequalis, -e, adj. (aequus, equal) 
 [ic-, AIC-], equal, like, even, i, 
 34, 750, 2, 26. 
 
 aequor, -oris, n. (aequus, equal) 
 [ic-, AIC-], level ; level surface, 
 expanse, sea, waters, i, 282, 
 318, 341, 2, 6, 172, 263, 265, 
 292, 509, 872. 
 
 aequus, -a, -um, adj. [ic-, aic-], 
 equal, even, 2, 134; as subst., 
 aequum, -T, N., justice, right, i, 
 322. 
 
 aer, aeris, ace. aera, m. (d^p), 
 air, I, 12, 466, 2, 158, etc.; the 
 atmosphere, the lower air, i, 
 23, 28, 52, etc. ; breath, i, 
 
 337- 
 aerius, -a, -um, adj. (d^pios), airy, 
 
 aerial, lofty, high, 2, 226. 
 aes, aeris, n., copper, bronze, i, 
 
 92, 98, 115. 
 aesculeus, -a, -um, adj . (aesculus, 
 
 the winter oak), of the winter 
 
 oak ; oaken, i, 449. 
 aestas, -atis, f. [aid-, burn'], hot 
 
 season ; summer, personified, 
 
 2, 28. 
 aestuo, I, -avT, -atus(aestus,^/^w) 
 
 [aid-], burn, rage; boil, 2, 250. 
 aestus, -us, m. [aid-, burn], rag- 
 ing ; heat, of fire, 2, 228, 237; 
 
 heat, of the sun, i, 49, 419, 435; 
 
 summer heat, i, 117. 
 aetas, -atis, f. (for *aevitas, fr. 
 
 aevum, age)i, age, lifetime, i, 89, 
 
 T.33- 
 
 aeternus, -a, -um, adj. (for *aevi- 
 temus, fr. aevum, age), per- 
 taining to age ; eternal, everlast- 
 ing, I, 107, 663. 
 
 aether, -eris, m. (aid-fip), the upper 
 air ; in opposition to aer, i, 
 68, 81; heaven, the abode of 
 
 the gods, I, 151, 254, ']^^, 2, 
 
 835; heavens, sky, i, 269, 329, 
 
 etc. 
 aetherius, -a, -um, adj. (alOipios), 
 
 belonging to the upper air; 
 
 celestial, heavenly, i, 435, 2, 
 
 512 ; w. sidus, the sun, i, 424. 
 Aethiops, -opis, m. (Aidlorp), 
 
VOCABULARY. 
 
 131 
 
 burnt-face; Ethiopian; (in the 
 plu.) Ethiopians^ a people in 
 Africa and the far East, i, 
 778, 2, 236. 
 
 Aethon, -onis, m. {atdojv, burning)^ 
 Aethon, the name of one of the 
 horses of the sun, 2, 153. 
 
 Aetna, -ae, f. {ktrv-q), Aetna, a 
 volcano in Sicily, 2, 220. 
 
 aevum, -1, N., unending time, eter- 
 nity, I, 663, 2, 385 ; period of 
 time, age, i, 128. 
 
 Agenor, -oris, m. (Ay/jvcop), Age- 
 nor, king of Phoenicia, son of 
 Neptune, father of Cadmus 
 and Europa, 2, 858. 
 
 ager, agrl, m. [r ag-, drive'], pro- 
 ductive land ; f eld, i, 1 10, 422 ; 
 land, 2, 490 ;. land, country, 2, 
 684. 
 
 agitabilis, -e, adj. (cf. agito ; ago, 
 drive) [l AG-], easily moved, 
 light, I, 75 (only here). 
 
 agito, I, -avT, -atus, freq. (ago, 
 drive) [i kG-], continually set in 
 motion; move, stir, shake, i, 
 303; shake, nod, i, 567; drive, 
 raise, i, 571. 
 
 Aglauros, -1, f., Aglauros, a 
 daughter of Cecrops, 2, 785. 
 
 agmen, -inis, n. (ago, drive) 
 [i AG-], that which is led ; host, 
 troop, band, 2, 114. 
 
 agna, -ae, f., lamb, i, 505. 
 
 ago, 3, egi, actus [i AG-, drive\ 
 put in motion ; drive, i, 676, 2, 
 62, 388, 390, etc. ; do, 2, 74, 191 ; 
 do, perform, accomplish, 2, 387, 
 ^20; get, receive, 2, 211; grates, 
 
 give, return, 2, 152; keep, lie on, 
 
 I, 349- 
 ah or a, interj., ah I alas! 2, 
 
 489, 491. 
 aio, defect, (for *agi6) [2 ag-], 
 
 say, I, 222^ 278, 391, etc. 
 ala, -ae, f., wing, i, 264, 308, 
 
 67:. 
 
 albus, -a, -um, adj., white, 2, 832. 
 
 alimenta, -6 rum, n. (used in Ovid 
 only in the plu.), nourishment, 
 support, food, provisions, i, 137, 
 271, 2, 288, 769. 
 
 alipes, -edis, adj. (ala, wing ; pes, 
 foot) [PED-], with wings on the 
 feet; wing-footed, 2, 48. 
 
 aliquando, adv. (quando, when) 
 [2 AL-, ALI-, some or other], at 
 some time; at length, 2, 391. 
 
 aliqui, -qua, -quod, indef. adj. 
 (qui, who) [2 AL-, ALI-, some or 
 other], some, any ; some, i, 407, 
 421. 
 
 aliquis, -qua, -quid, indef. pron. 
 (quis, who) [2 al-, ali-, some 
 or other], some one, any one, 
 anybody; N., something, any- 
 thing; 2, 97, 693; used as adj. 
 for aliqui, 2, 332. 
 
 aliter, adv. [2 al-, ali-, some or 
 other], otherwise, in another 
 way ; in the opposite direction, 
 
 2, 83. 
 
 alius, -a, -ud, pronom. adj. [2 al-, 
 ALI-, some or other], another, 
 other ; aliis aliud, the one, the 
 others, i, 18 ; pars . . . alii, 
 I, 245 ; plu., the other, the 
 rest of, I, 581. 
 
132 
 
 VOCABULARY. 
 
 almus, -a, -urn, adj. (alo, feed) 
 [i AL-], nourishing ; nourish- 
 ^^gi propitious f Javorable^ i, 
 435 > kind^ bountiful^ 2, 272. 
 
 Alpes, -ium, f., the Alps, 2, 226; 
 mountains that inclose Italy 
 from the Mediterranean Sea to 
 Illyria. 
 .Alpheus, -I, M. ('A\</)et6s), Al- 
 pheus, the principal river of 
 the Peloponnesus ; it rises in 
 Arcadia and flows through Elis 
 into the Ionian Sea, 2, 250. 
 
 alte, adv. (altus, high) [i al-], 
 highly ; on highy 2, 166; altius, 
 too high, 2, 136. 
 
 alter, -era, -enim, pronom. adj. 
 [2 AL-, ALI-, some or other'], an- 
 other (of two), I, 293, 2, 388; 
 a second^ 2, 513 ; the one . . . the 
 other, I, 429, 474, 535, 537; the 
 other, 2, 682, 874. 
 
 altus, -a, -um, adj. (p. of alo, feed, 
 nourish) [i AL-], nourished, 
 grown great; high, lofty, i, 80, 
 ^ZZy 153' etc.; deep, i, 50, 630, 
 656, 2, 263 ; (fig.) lofty, deep, 
 profound, i, 76, 349. 
 
 alumna, -ae, f. (al6,y^^^) [i al-], 
 foster-daughter, 2, 527. 
 
 alveus,-!, M. (alvus, belly) [i al-], 
 hollow ; bed (of a river), chaii- 
 nel, I, 344, 423- 
 
 alvus, -T, F. [i \-L-,feed\ belly ; 
 womb, I, 420. 
 
 amans, -antis, adj. (p. of amo, love) 
 [am-], loving ; as q,ovsx^., greater 
 friend, i, 322 ; as subst., M. and 
 F., lover, I, 474, A. 38. 
 
 amarus, -a, -um, adj., bitter (in 
 flavor), I, 632 ; bitter, af^icting, 
 sad, T. 51. 
 
 ambiguus, -a, -um, adj. (cf. am- 
 bigo ; ambi-, on both sides ; ago, 
 d7'ive) [ag-], going both ways, 
 uncertain, doubtful, i, 765 ; 
 changeful, assuming different 
 forms, 2, 9 ; as subst., ambi- 
 guum, -T, N., uncertainty, doubt, 
 
 1, 537. 
 
 ambio, 4, -IvI, or -il, -itus (ambi-, 
 around ; ed,go) [l-'], go around ; 
 go about, surround, encircle, i, 
 37, 2, 355, 499, 517- 
 
 ambitio, -onis, f. (cf. ambi5 ; 
 ambi-, around ; eo, go) [i-], a 
 going around ; a soliciting of 
 votes, courting, a desire for 
 honor, T. 38. 
 
 ambo, -ae, -o, num. adj. (cf. ambi- 
 in ambiguus), both, i, 327, 396, 
 
 2, 225. 
 
 ambrosia, -ae, f., ambrosia, food 
 
 of the gods, 2, 120. 
 ambiiro, 3, -ussl, -ustus (ambi-, 
 
 around ; uro, burn), burn 
 
 around, scorch, 2, 209. 
 amens, -entis, adj. {ab, frojtt ; 
 
 mens, mind) [man-, men-], out 
 
 of one'' s mind; raving, frantic, 
 
 2, 334, 398- 
 
 amicitia, -ae, f. (amicus, friend- 
 ly) [aM'], friendship, T. 52. 
 
 amitto, 3, -misi, -missus (ab, 
 away; mitto, send) [mix-], 
 send away; lose, i, 585, 2, 
 824. 
 
 amnis, -is, m., river, i, 344, 702, 
 
VOCABULARY. 
 
 133 
 
 2, 251, 258, 365; river-god, i, 
 276, 575- 
 
 amo, I, -avi, -at us [am-, love\ 
 love, I, 474, 490, 553. 
 
 amor, -oris, m. [am-, love\ love, 
 affection, i, 469, 496, 507, etc.; 
 plu., I, 461; eager desire, greed, 
 I, 131 ; beloved object, 07ie^s love, 
 I, 452 ; plu., I, 617; love songs, 
 T. I ; god of love, Cupid, i, 480, 
 540. 
 
 Amphitrite, -es, f. (A/jlcPltpLtt]), 
 Aniphitrite, daughter of Ne- 
 reus, wife of Neptune ; for the 
 sea, I, 14. 
 
 Amphrysus, -T, m. ( kfxcppvcrbs), 
 Amphrysus, a river of Thessaly ; 
 it flows from the Othrys moun- 
 tain into the Pagasaean gulf, i , 
 580. 
 
 amplexus, -us, m. (am-, around) 
 [vLY.c-,/old'], embrace, 2, 42. 
 
 Amymone, -es, f. {'Afivfjuvvrj), 
 Amymone, a fountain near 
 Argos, 2, 240. 
 
 an, conj., or; introducing the 
 second part of a disjunctive 
 question, indirect, i, 223, 586, 
 765 ; in a simple direct ques- 
 tion, where the first part is to 
 be supplied, i, 196 ; after an 
 expression of uncertainty, 
 whether, i, 537. 
 
 ancora, -ae (dyKvpa), anchor, i, 
 297. 
 
 anguipes, -edis, adj. (anguis, ser- 
 pent ; ^es,/oot) [ang-] [fed-], 
 serpent-footed ; for the giants, 
 I, 184. 
 
 Anguis, -is, m. or f. (a poetical 
 use of anguis, serpent) [ang-, 
 squeeze\ Draco, or the Dragon, 
 a constellation near the two 
 Bears, 2, 138. 
 
 anima, -ae, f. [an-, breathe^ 
 breath, air ; life, 2, 312 ; living 
 being, i, 364. 
 
 animal, -alls, n. (anima, breath) 
 [an-], living creature, animal, 
 I, -jd, 84, 416, 425, 464. 
 
 animans, -antis, adj. (r. of animd, 
 enliven) [an-], living; as 
 subst., liviitg creature, i, 72. 
 
 animo, i, -avi, -atus (anima, 
 breath) \_h.'^-'\, enliven, animate, 
 
 1, 158. 
 
 animosus, -a, -um, adj. (animus, 
 7*ational soul) [AN-], full of 
 courage ; spirited, 2, 84. 
 
 animus, -I, m. [an-, breathe\ ra- 
 tional soul ; mind, i, 587, 2, 
 39, ']'], 188; heart, i, 166, 725, 
 
 2, 384, 482; feeling, i, 359; 
 pride, i, 750; high spirit, pas- 
 sion, 2, %']Ypurpose, inclination, 
 
 I, I, 775- 
 annus, -1, m., year, i, 118, 148, 
 
 273, etc. ; as a person, 2, 25. 
 ante, adv. and prep., before, in 
 
 front of; as adv. of time, before, 
 
 earlier, i, 442, 487, 739, 2, 524; 
 
 as prep, of time, before, i, 5, 
 
 148; as prep, of place, before, 
 
 I, 563, 629, 2, 188, 490, 766, 
 
 803. 
 antiquus (-icus), -a, -um, adj. 
 
 (ante, before), old, ancient, i, 
 
 116, 423, 437, etc. 
 
134 
 
 VOCABULARY. 
 
 antrum, -T, N. (Sunpov), cave, cav- 
 ern, I, 121, 262, 575, etc. 
 
 anxius, -a, -um, adj. [ang-, 
 squeeze'], anxious, troubled, i, 
 182, 2, 806, 807 ; afraid, i, 623. 
 
 Aonius, -a, -um, adj., Aonian, 
 Boeotian; as subst., in plu., 
 Aonii, Aonians, Boeotians, i, 
 
 313- 
 
 aper, apri, m., wild boar, i, 305. 
 
 aperio, 4, -erui, -ertus [par-, por-, 
 part, breed], uncover ; open, i, 
 172, 279. 
 
 apertus, -a, -um (p. of aperio, U7t- 
 cover) [par-, POR-, /^r/, breed], 
 uncovered, bare, 2, 339 ; open, 
 plain, I, 222 ; open, free, i, 285. 
 
 Apidanus, -i, m. (^ Kirihavbi), Api- 
 danus, river of Thessaly, a 
 branch of the Peneus, i, 580. 
 
 ApoUineus, -a, -um, adj. (Apollo), 
 of Apollo, I, 473- 
 
 Apollo, -inis, m. ('A7r6\Xw?'), 
 Apollo, son of Jupiter and La- 
 tona, twin brother of Diana, 
 and ^S^P'^A^^ff&Jtl^ of archery, 
 of pestilence, of healing, of 
 prophecy, of poetry and music, 
 
 A. 35- 
 
 Appenninus (Apen-),-i, yi., Apen- 
 nines, a mountain range, run- 
 ning the length of Italy, 2, 226. 
 
 aptus, -a, -um, adj., suitable, 
 proper, fit, i, 433, 681, 2, 498. 
 
 apud, prep. w. ace, with, among, 
 I, 586. 
 
 aqua, -ae, f., water, i, 42, 53; in 
 plu., water, waters, i, 229, 271, 
 284, etc. 
 
 aquaticus, -a, -um, adj. (aqua, 
 water), wet, damp, bringing 
 rain, 2, 853. 
 
 aquila, -ae, f., eagle, i, 506. 
 
 aquilo, -onis, m., north wind, i, 
 328 ; in plu., 2, 132 ; as god of 
 the north wind, Aquilo, Aquilo; 
 cf. Boreas, i, 262. 
 
 ara, -ae, f., altar, i, 248, 374; as 
 a proper name, Ara, Altar, a 
 southern constellation, 2, 139. 
 
 aratrum, -T, n. (cf. aro, plough) 
 [ 2 A R-, plough ] , plough , 2 , 286. 
 
 arbitrium, -1, ^., Judgment, power, 
 free-will, pleasure, caprice, 2, 
 
 234- 
 
 arbor (arb5s), -oris, f., tree, i, 
 106, 451, 558, etc, 
 
 arboreus, -a, -um, adj. (arbor, tree), 
 of a tree, i, 632. 
 
 arbustum, -I, n. (arbor, tree), 
 plantation, vineyard ; in plu., 
 trees, i, 286. 
 
 arbuteus, -a, -um, adj. (arbutus, 
 strawberry-tree), of the arbuttis, 
 or strawberry-tree, i, 104. 
 
 Arcadia, -ae, f. ('Ap/caS^a), Arca- 
 dia, a mountainous country in 
 the center of the Peloponnesus, 
 I, 689, 2, 405. 
 
 Areas, -adis, m.('A/)ac(£s), Areas, son 
 of Jupiter and Callisto, 2, 497, 
 500; as 2,^]., Arcadian, i, 218. 
 
 arceo, 2, -m, [arc-, shut in], 
 
 inclose, prevent, avert, 2, 505. 
 
 arcitenens (arquit-), -entis, adj. 
 (arcus, bow; teneo, hold) 
 [ten-], bow-bearing, epithet of 
 Apollo, I, 441. 
 
VOCABULARY. 
 
 135 
 
 ArctOS, -T, F. (dpKTos, dear), Arctos, 
 
 constellation of the Great 
 
 Bear, 2, 132. 
 arcus, -us, m., dow, i, 464, 697 ; 
 
 in plu. for the constellation 
 
 Sagittarius, the Archer, 2,81; 
 
 bow-shaped object, curve, half- 
 circle, 2, 195 ; zones, 2, 129. 
 ardens, -entis, adj. (p. of ardeo) 
 
 [3 AR-, bur n\, bunting, glowing, 
 
 hot, I, 46, 199. 
 ardeo, 2, -sT, -sus [3 ar-, burn'], 
 
 be on fire, burn, glow, i, 258, 
 
 493, 2, 216, etc. 
 ardesco, 3, arsT, , inch, (ardeo, 
 
 burn) [3 AR-], take fire, i, 255. 
 arduus, -a, -um, adj., steep, 2, 63 ; 
 
 high, rising high, on high, i, 
 
 15I' 316, 73O' 2, 306. 
 areo, 2, -ul, , be dry, be 
 
 parched, 2, 211. 
 Arestorides, -ae, m., patr. ('Ape- 
 
 (TTopidi/js), son of Arestor, Ar- 
 gus, I, 624. 
 argenteus, -a, -um, adj. (argen- 
 
 tum, silver), of silver, silver, i, 
 
 114, 2, 108. 
 argentum, -1, n., silver, 2, 4. 
 Argolicus, -a, -um, adj. {'ApyoXi- 
 
 /c6s), belonging to Argolis, Ar- 
 
 golic, I, 726, 2, 524. 
 Argos, N. (only nom. and ace), 
 
 in plu., Argi, -orum, m. ("ApYos), 
 
 Argos, capital of Argolis in the 
 
 Peloponnesus, 2, 240. 
 Argus, -T, M. ("A/)7os), A^'gus, the 
 
 hundred-eyed keeper of lo, i, 
 
 624, 625, etc. 
 aridus, -a, -um, adj. (cf. areo, be 
 
 dry), dry, parched, 2, 213, 238, 
 
 275- 
 
 arista, -ae, f. (*acrista) [i AC-], 
 top of the ear ; ear of grain, i, 
 no, 492. 
 
 arma, -orum, n. [i ar-, fit'], 
 things fitted ; weapons, arms, 
 I, 126, 143, 441, 456, 2, ^^y, 
 deeds, T. 18; duties, exigencies, 
 T. 106. 
 
 armentum, -T, n. (cf. aro, plough) 
 [2 AR-], animal for ploughing, 
 herd, cattle; sing., i, 614, 2, 
 842 ; plu., I, 513, 2, 692. 
 
 armifer, -era, -erum, adj. (arma, 
 arms) [fer-, bear'\, arm-bear- 
 ing, T. 13. 
 
 armo, i, -avT, -at us (arma, arms) 
 [l AR-], afm, furnish, equip, 2, 
 
 849. 
 
 armus, -1, m. (dpfids) [i ar-, fit], 
 shoulder (of an animal), 2, 
 854. 
 
 aro, I, -a VI, -atus [2 ar-, plough], 
 plough, I, 294. 
 
 ars, artis, f. [i ar-, fit], skill, 
 art, I, 364, 380, 524, 709; cun- 
 ning, artifice, 2, 686. 
 
 artus, -a, -um, adj. [i ar-, fit], 
 close, narrow, i, 740. 
 
 artiis, -uum, m. plu. [i ar-, fit], 
 joints; limbs, i, 228, 548; 
 body, 2, 336. 
 
 arvum, -1, n. (arvus, ploughed) 
 [2 AR-], ploughed land ; field, 
 country, region, i, 313, 533, 2, 
 679, 791. 
 
 arx, arcis, f. [arc-, shut in], cas- 
 tle, fortress, citadel, i, 673,2, 
 
136 VOCABULARY. 
 
 33* 794; highest point, height, Atlantiades, -ae, m., patr. ('At- 
 
 1, 27, 163, 467, 2, 306. Xaj/rtd57?s), descendant of Atlas, 
 asper, -era, -emm, adj., rough, i.e.. Mercury, i, 682, 2, 704, 
 
 uneven, i, 510. 834. 
 
 aspergo (adsp-), -inis, f. (cf. Atlantis, -idis, f., patr. ('ArXav- 
 
 aspergo, scatter- ; ad, to ; spar- rii), daughter of Atlas, i.e., 
 
 go, strew), besprinkling, spray, Maia, 2, 685. 
 
 drops, I, 572. Atlas, -antis, M. ("ArXas), Atlas, 
 
 aspicio (adsp-), 3, -exi, -ectus (ad, son of the Titan lapetus. He 
 
 to; specie, look) [spec-], look bore the heavens upon his 
 
 at, behold, 2, 32, 92, 228, 283. shoulders, 2, 296. 
 
 aspiro (adsp-), i, -avl, -atus (ad, atque or (only before consonants) 
 
 to; spiro, breathe), breathe at ; ac, conj. (ad, to; -que, and), 
 
 blow upon, favor, i, 3. and also, and, i, 228, 279, 281, 
 
 asterno (adst-), 3, , — — (ad, etc. 
 
 to; s\AVDSi, spread out) \?>'Y^^-\ atrium, -1, n., roo7n 7vhere the 
 
 strew at ox upon; throw upon, hearth is; hall, principal room, 
 
 2, 343. I, 172, 2, 114; dwelling, 2, 296. 
 ast5 (ads-), i, -iti, (ad, to ; attollo (adt-), 3, , (ad, 
 
 sto, stand) [sta-], stand at or to ; toll5, lift) [tol-], lift up ; 
 
 near ; stand up07i, 2, 147. raise, 2, 822. 
 
 Astraea, -ae, f. ('Acrr/oa/a), attono (adt-), i, -ui, -itus, M?/«^^?r 
 
 Astraea, goddess of justice, i, at ; stun, terrify, i, 202. 
 
 150. auctor, -oris, m. [avg-, grow'], 
 
 astringo(adst-),3,-inxi,-ictus(ad, producer; author, giver, cause, 
 
 to ; strings, draw tight), bind i, 615, 2, 88, 281. , 
 
 to ; bind together, freeze, i, 120. audacia, -ae, F. (cf. audax, bold; 
 
 astrum, -T, n. (da-rpov), heavenly audeo, dare), daring ; boldness, 
 
 body, star, i, ']^^, 316. i, 175. 
 
 at, conj., but, yet, on the other aude5, 2, ausus sum, dare, ven- 
 
 hand, i, 283, 472, 643, etc. ; ture, i, 199, 2, 266, 271, 406, 
 
 yet at least, 2, 294 ; now, i , 489, 868. 
 
 557, 678, 760. audio, 4, -ivi or -ii, -Itus (cf.auris, 
 
 ater, -tra, -trum, adj., black, dark, ear), hear, i, 341, 342, Ty], 769, 
 
 gloomy, 2, 790. 2, 342. 
 
 Athos, , M. ("A^ws), Athos, aufero, -ferre, abstuli, ablatus 
 
 mountain of Macedonia on the {ah, from ; fero, bear) [i fer-], 
 
 Strymonian gulf, now Monte bear away, carry off, i, 306, 2, 
 
 Santo, 2, 217. 75' 873- 
 
VOCABULARY. 
 
 137 
 
 augeo, 2, auxT, auctus [avg-, 
 grow], increase, augment, i, 
 530, 584, 2, 264, 372 ; grow up, 
 
 2, 497. 
 augurium, -T, n. (cf. avis, bird), 
 intefpretatio7t of omens ; pre- 
 diction, prophetic explanation, 
 
 I, 395- 
 
 Augustus, -1, M. (cf. augustus, 
 revered, noble ; augeo, increase) 
 [avg-], Augustus, title given to 
 Octavius Caesar as emperor, i, 
 204; as adj., belonging to Au- 
 gustus, of Augustus, I, 562. 
 
 aura, -ae, f. (avpa), moving air, 
 breeze, wind, atmosphere, i, 
 107, 135, 502, 529, 2, 154, 202, 
 229, 266. 
 
 auratus, -a, -um, adj. (aurum, 
 gold ) , covered with gold, gilded, 
 
 1, 470- 
 
 aureus, -a, -um, ad j. (aurum, ^^/^), 
 
 of gold, golden, i, 89, 697, 2, 
 
 107. 
 aurifer, -era, -erum, adj. (aurum, 
 
 gold) [i FER-, bear], gold-bea?-- 
 
 ing, A. 34. 
 auriga, -ae, m. and p., charioteer, 
 
 driver, 2, 312, 327. 
 auris, -is, f., ear, i, 211, 2, 311. 
 aurora, -ae, f., morning, dawn, 
 
 2, 144; the East, i, 61; as 
 proper name, Aurora, goddess 
 of the morning, 2, 113. 
 
 aurum, -1, n., gold, i, 141, 2, 2, 
 251 ; for the Golden Age, i, 
 115. 
 
 Ausonius, -a, -um, adj. (Ausonia, 
 country of the Ausones in 
 
 Lower Italy), Ausonian, Ital- 
 ian, T. 50. 
 auster, -ri, m., south wind, i, 66, 
 
 2, 853. 
 
 australis, -e, adj. (auster, south 
 wind), southern, south, 2, 132. 
 
 ausum, -1, N. (audeo, dare), dar- 
 ing, bold deed, 2, 328. 
 
 aut, conj. (introducing an alter- 
 native), or, I, 295, 298, 323, 2, 
 233 ; (introducing each of two 
 alternatives), i, 391, 392. 
 
 autumnus, -T, m., autumn, i, 117 ; 
 personified, 2, 29. 
 
 auxiliaris, -e, adj. (auxilium, 
 help) [avg-], helping, aiding, 
 auxiliary, i, 275. 
 
 auxilium, -1, n. [avg-, grow], 
 help, aid, i, 368. 
 
 avello, 3, , -vulsus or -vol- 
 
 sus (ab, away ; vello, tear) 
 [VEL-], tear away^ tear off, 2, 
 
 35i» 358. 
 a vena, -ae, f., oats ; straw, reed, 
 
 material for a shepherd's pipe, 
 
 I, 677. 
 aveo (hav-), 2, , , wish 
 
 earnestly, desire, 2, 503. 
 aversor, i, -atus, intens. (averto, 
 
 tu7'naway) [yEWT -], turn from ; 
 
 scorn, I, 478. 
 averto (avor-), 3, -tl, -sus (ab, 
 
 away; verto, turn)_ [vert-], 
 
 turn away, i, 629, 2, 770. 
 avidus, -a, -um, adj., eagerly de- 
 sirous, eager, i, 161. 
 avis, -is, F., bird, 2, 2>77' 
 avius, -a, -um, adj. (ab, from ; 
 
 via, way), out of the way ; as 
 
138 
 
 VOCABULARY. 
 
 subst., avia, -orum, n., unfre- 
 quented places^ wilds ^ pathless 
 ways, I, 479, 701, 2, 205. 
 
 avus, -T, u., grafidfatker, T. 76. 
 
 axis, -is, M. [i AG-, drive'], axle, 
 
 axletree, 2, 107, 317 ; wagon, 
 chariot, 2, 59, 148 ; celestial 
 axis, pole, 7., 516; celestial axis, 
 dome, heavens, i, 255, 2, 75, 
 297. 
 
 B 
 
 Babylonius, -a, -um, adj., of 
 Babylon, Babyloniait, 2, 248. 
 
 baculum, -1, n., staff, 'walking- 
 stick, 2, 681, 789. 
 
 ballaena (balaena),-ae, y., whale, 
 2,9. 
 
 barba, -ae, f., beard, i, 266, 
 
 339- 
 Bassus, -T, M., Bassus, a poet, T. 
 
 47- 
 
 Battus, -I, M., Battus, a herds- 
 man, 2, 688. 
 
 bellum, -T, N. (old form, duellum) 
 [dva-], contest between two 
 parties; war, i, 142, 186, 
 2, 765. 
 
 bene, adv., comp., melius, sup., 
 optime (cf. bonus, good), well, 
 
 1, 9, 132, 2, 47» 141, 393» 
 846. 
 
 benignus, -a, -um, adj. (bene, 
 well) [gen-, beget], kind, 
 friendly ; fertile, rich, A. 34. 
 
 biceps, -cipitis, adj. (bi [dvi-], 
 two ; caput, head), with two 
 heads ; two-headed, two-peaked, 
 
 2, 221. 
 
 biforis, -e, adj. (bi [dvi-], two ; 
 
 foris, door), with two doors, 
 
 folding, 2, 4. 
 bini, -ae, -a, distrib. num. adj. 
 
 [dvi-, two], two by two, two at 
 a time, i, 626. 
 
 bis, num. adv. [dvi-, two], twice, 
 T. 58, 75. 
 
 blandimenta, -orum (sing, late) 
 (blandior, flatter), flattering 
 words, flattery, 2, 815. 
 
 blanditia, -ae, f. (blandus, flat- 
 tering), flattery, enticement, i, 
 
 531. 
 
 blandus, -a, -um, did]., flattering ; 
 enticing, caressing, i, 485, 2, 
 100, 691. 
 
 Boeotia, -ae, f. (Botwr/a), Boeotia, 
 a country in central Greece, 
 northwest of Attica, 2, 239. 
 
 bonus, -a, -um, adj., comp., me- 
 lior, sup., optimus, good, better, 
 best, I, 21, 79, 322, 502; as 
 subst. in plu., good things, 
 goods, 2, 97 ; good fortune, 2, 
 809. 
 
 Bootes, -ae, m. (Boibrrjs, herds- 
 man), Bootes, a. constellation 
 near the Great Bear, also 
 called Arctophylax, 2, 176. 
 
 Boreas, -ae, m. (Bop^as), north 
 wind, I, 65, 2, 185. 
 
 b5s, bovis, M. and F., bull, ox, 
 
 cow, I, 612, 743, 2, 685, 700. 
 
 bracchium (brach-), -T, n., fore- 
 
VOCABULARY. 
 
 139 
 
 arm^ i, 501 ; arm, i, 13, 184, breviter, adv. (brevis, short), 
 550, 635, 762, 767, 2, 270, 352, shortly ; briefly, in few words, 
 477 ; claw, 2, 82, 83, 195. 2, 783. 
 brevis, -e, 2,6.]., short ; of space, bucina, -ae, f. (*bovicina) [bos, 
 short, small, 2, 517 ; of time, ox ; can-, souftd, sing], herds- 
 short, brief, i, 118, 411. mart's horn ; horn, i, 335, 337. 
 
 caciimen, -inis, n., point, peak, 
 summit, top; of mountains, 
 I, 310, 317, 666; of trees, i, 
 346, 552, 567, 2, 792. 
 
 cado, 3, cecidl, casums [cad-, 
 fall], fall, I, 508, 2, 322 ; fall 
 dead, die, be slain, T. 6. 
 
 caecus, -a, -um, adj., blind ; with- 
 out light, dark, i, 24; obscure, 
 I, 388; unseen, concealed, hid- 
 den, I, 726. 
 
 caedes, -is, f. (for *scaedes) 
 [2 SAC-, SCID-, split, cut], cut- 
 ting-down ; slaughter, blood- 
 shed, murder, i, 161, 234; 
 (by metonymy) blood shed in 
 murder, i, 149. 
 
 caedo, 3, cecidl, caesus (for 
 *scaed5) [2 sac-, scid-, split, 
 cut ], cut ; cut down, fell, i, 94 ; 
 strike, beat, 2, 341. 
 
 caelestis, -e,adj. (caelum, heaven) 
 [2 CAV-], of heaven, heavenly, 
 celestial, i, 73, 152; heavenly, 
 divine, of the gods, i, 367, 396, 
 760, 2, 136 ; as subst. in plu., 
 heavenly beings, gods, i, 150. 
 
 caelicola, -ae, m. (caelum, heaven) 
 [coL-, till], dweller in heaven; 
 heavenly being, god, i, 174. 
 
 caelo, I, -a VI, -atus (caelum, 
 
 chisel), carve, engrave, emboss, 
 
 2, 6,819. 
 caelum, -1, n. (for *cavilum) 
 
 [2 CAV-, hollow], sky, heaven, 
 
 I, 5, 22, 45, etc.; air, ether, 
 
 heaven, i, 23, 26, 81, etc.; 
 
 heaven, abode of the gods, i, 
 
 176, 184, 194, etc. 
 caenum, -i, n., dirt, mud, mire, 
 
 I, 418. 
 caeruleus, -a, -um, adj. (for * cae- 
 
 luleus, fr. caelum, heaven) [2 
 
 CAV-], like the sky ; dark blue, 
 
 cerulean, as color of the sea 
 
 applied to the gods of the sea, 
 
 I, 275, 333, 2, 8, 528. 
 Caesareus, -a, -um, adj. (Caesar), 
 
 of Caesar, i, 201. 
 
 caesaries, , f., hair, locks, 
 
 I, 180. 
 Caicus, -T, M. (Kdi/cos), Caicus, 
 
 river of Mysia, in the district 
 
 of Teuthrania, 2, 243. 
 calamus, -T, m. (KidXa/xos), reed, 
 
 cane, i, 706 ; reed oi the syrinx, 
 
 1,711. 
 calco, I, -avT, -atus (cf. calx, heel'), 
 
 tread, tread upon, 2, 29, 853. 
 calesco, 3, -lui, , inch, (caleo. 
 
140 
 
 VOCABULARY. 
 
 be warm) [3 CAL-] , grow war?n , 
 become heated^ 2, 171, 253. 
 
 calidus, -a, -um, adj. [3 cal-, 
 warm^ warm, hot, i, 19, 158, 
 2, 232. 
 
 caligO, -inis, f., thick air ; dark- 
 ness, gloom, I, 265, 2, 233, 764. 
 
 calor, -oris, m. [3 cal-, warm\ 
 warmth, heat, i, 430, 2, 134. 
 
 campus, -1, Hi.., plain, open field, 
 level place, i, 43, 285, 2, 262 ; 
 of water, i, 41, 315. 
 
 cancer, -crl, m., crab ; as proper 
 name, the Crab, a sign of the 
 zodiac, in which the sun is at 
 the summer solstice, 2, 83 ; 
 cancer, a tumor, 2, 825. 
 
 candens, -entis, adj. (p. of candeo, 
 glisten) [CAND-], glistening, 
 shining, bright, hot, glowing, 2, 
 297. 
 
 candeo, 2, -ul, [cand-,^/^w], 
 
 glisten, shine, glow, be hot, i, 
 120. 
 
 candesc5, 3, , , inch. 
 
 (candeo, glisten) [cand-], be- 
 come bright, begin to glow, grow 
 red-hot, 2, 230. 
 
 candidus, -a, -um, adj. (candeo, 
 glisten) [cand-], glistening 
 white, bright ; white, 2, 861 ; 
 of beauty, fair, beautiful, 2, 
 349; of chdiXdiCtQX, fair, frank, 
 candid, T. 132. 
 
 candor, -oris, m. [cand-, glow'], 
 dazzling whiteness, i, 743 ; 
 brightness, radiance, i, 169. 
 
 caneo, 2, -uI, (canus, white, 
 
 gray), be gray, be hoary, i, no. 
 
 canesco, 3, , , inch. 
 
 (caneo, be gray), become gray^ 
 
 grow gray, 2, 212. 
 canis, -is, m. and f., dog, i, 533, 
 
 2, 491. 
 canities, , f. (canus, white, 
 
 gray), gray color, grayness ; 
 
 by meton.j^r^jj/ hair, i, 238 ; old 
 
 ^g^^ T. 93. 
 canna, -ae, f. {K6i.vva.), reed, cane, 
 
 2, 682. 
 cano, 3, cecini, [can-, sing], 
 
 sing, sound, i, 561 ; blow, play, 
 
 I, 340, 683. 
 canorus, -a, -um, adj. (canor, 
 
 tu7te, song) [can-], melodious, 
 
 2,8. 
 canto, I, -a VI, -atus, freq. (cano, 
 
 sing [can-], sing, T. 59 ; blow, 
 
 play, I, 677. 
 canus, '-a, -um, adj., white, gray, 
 
 I, 266, 2, 30, 373 ; hoary, aged, 
 
 venerable, 2, 509. 
 capax, -acis, adj. [cap-, take], 
 
 containing much, laige, capa- 
 cious, fit for, I, 76. 
 capella, -ae, f. (caper, he-goat), 
 
 she-goat, i, 299, 676. 
 capillus, -1, M. (dim. for * capitlus 
 
 from caput, head) [cap-], hair 
 
 of the head, the hair, i, 266, 
 
 477, 497, etc. 
 cap 15, 3, cepT, captus [cap-, take], 
 
 take ; contain, hold, i, 75, 344 ; 
 
 grasp, 2, 789 ; take up, T. 106 ; 
 
 take, receive, i, 449, 2, 694 ; w. 
 
 poenas, take satisfaction, infiict 
 
 punishment, 2, 834 ; enter 
 
 upon, T. 33; assume, i, 421, 
 
VOCABULARY. 
 
 141 
 
 738 ; enjoy, i, 626 ; captivate, 
 beguile, i, 678, 709. 
 
 Capitolium, -1, n. (caput, head) 
 [cap-], The Capitol, temple of 
 Jupiter on the Capitoline hill 
 at Rome ; Capitoline hill, on 
 which the temple stood (in 
 poetry in the plu.), i, 561. 
 
 caprea, -ae, f. (capra, she-goat), 
 wild goat, I, 442. 
 
 captivus, -a, -um, adj. [CAV-ftahe], 
 captured, captive, i, 475; in an- 
 ticipation of the event, i, 184. 
 
 caput, -itis, N. [cap-, take^ head, 
 i> ^79» yr^i 3^2, etc. ; head, 
 source, 2, 255. 
 
 careo, 2, -uT, -iturus [car-, scar-, 
 hard, scrape^ be without, lack, 
 I, 67, 2, 162, 762; be deprived 
 of, 2, 222. 
 
 carina, -ae, f. [car-, scar-, hard, 
 scrape'\, keel, i, 298 ; by meton., 
 ship, I, 134. 
 
 carmen, -inis, n., song, tune, note, 
 I, 518, 2, 252; song, poem, 
 poetry, verse, i, 4, T. 25, 50, 
 57 ; inscription, 2, 326. 
 
 caro, carnis, f. [crv-, raw^flesJi ; 
 "^Xw., pieces of Jiesh, 2, 769. 
 
 carpo, 3, -psi, -ptus, pluck ; break 
 off, 2, 792 ; crop, browse, g-aze 
 on, I, 299 ; gnaw at, censure, 
 carp at, 2, 781. 
 
 carus, -a, -um, adj ., dear, esteemed, 
 beloved, i, 486. 
 
 Castalius, -a, -um,adj., Castalian, 
 belonging to the fountain Cas- 
 talia on Parnassus near Del- 
 phi, A. 36. 
 
 casus, -us, M. {cdidiOj fall) [cad-], 
 falling, fall ; mishap, misfor- 
 tune, calamity, i, 648, T. 107. 
 
 Caucasus, -T, m. (Kai^/cao-os), Cau- 
 casus, Caucasian mountains in 
 Asia between the Black and 
 Caspian Seas, 2, 224. 
 
 Cauda, -ae, f., tail, i, 723, 2, 
 
 196. 
 
 causa (caussa), -ae, f. [i cav-, 
 watch, ware^, cause, reason, 
 occasion, i, 507, 509, 736, etc. 
 
 cautes, -is, f., a rough, pointed 
 rock, I, 575. 
 
 cautus, -a, -um, adj. (p. of caved, 
 be on one^s guard) [i CAV-], 
 careful, cautious, i, 136. 
 
 caveo, 2, cavi, cautus [i cav-, 
 watch, ware\, be on one^s guard, 
 take care, beware, 2, 89. 
 
 cavus, -a, -um, adj. [2 cav-, hoi- 
 low], hollow, concave, i, 335. 
 
 Caystros or -us, -T, m. (/cduo-r/oos), 
 Cayster, river of Lydia, cele- 
 brated for its swans, 2, 253. 
 
 Cecropis, -idis, adj., f., descended 
 from Cecrops ; as subst., daugh- 
 ter of Cecrops, Aglauros, 2, 
 806. 
 
 Cecrops, -opis, m. (K4Kpo\l/), Ce- 
 crops, first mythical king of 
 Attica, founder of the Acropo- 
 lis ; as earth-born, represented 
 as part man, part serpent, 2, 
 
 784, 797. 
 cedo, 3, cessi, cessus [cAD-,y^//], 
 go away ; give place, yield, i, 
 464, 752, A. 12^', become the lot 
 of, fall to, I, 74. 
 
142 
 
 VOCABULARY. 
 
 celeber, -bris, -bre, adj. [r cel-, 
 strike^ drive\ troddeit ; fre- 
 quented, thronged, i, 446, 747 ; 
 honored by many, celebrated, 
 famous, I, 690. 
 
 celebro, i, -avi, -atus (celeber, Z^^- 
 quented) [i CEL-], frequent, 
 throng, fill, I, 172, 2, 252 ; cele- 
 brate, T. 12. 
 
 celer, -eris, -ere [i cel-, strike, 
 drive'], swift, quick, rapid, i, 
 539, 2, 71, 244, 506; in connec- 
 tion with the verb, 2, 119, 838. 
 
 celo, I, -a VI, -atus [2 cal-, scal-, 
 cover, hide], hide, conceal, 2, 37. 
 
 celsus, -a, -um, adj. [2 cel-, cer-, 
 rise, tower], raised, elevated, i, 
 
 178. 
 
 centum, indecl. num. adj., hun- 
 dred, I, 183, 625, 721. 
 
 Cephisis, -idis, adj., of the Ce- 
 phisus, river in Phocis and 
 Boeotia, i, 369. 
 
 cera, -ae, f., wax, i, 711. 
 
 Cerealis, -e, adj. (Ceres), of Ce- 
 res ; by xneion., of grain, i, 123. 
 
 cerno, 3, crevi, certus [cer-, 
 CRE-, part], separate ; distin- 
 guish, see, behold, 2, 133, 787, 
 796. 
 
 certamen, -inis, n. (certo, contend) 
 [cER-, CRE-], contest, struggle, 
 I, 446. 
 
 certe, adv. (certus, determined) 
 [cer-, CRE-], surely, certainly, 
 
 i» 195' 558- 
 certus, -a, -um, adj. (p. of cerno, 
 distinguish) [CER-, CRE-], deter- 
 mined, fixed, I, 69 ; certain. 
 
 sure, I, 357, 458, 519, 520, 2, 
 
 67, 91. 
 cerva, -ae, f. (cervus, stag) [car-, 
 
 SCAR-], hind, deer, i, 505. 
 cervix, -icis, f., neck, i, 485, 652, 
 
 2, 87; plu. instead of sing., i, 
 
 542. 
 cervus, -T, m. [car-, scar-, hard, 
 
 scrape], stag, deer, i, 306. 
 cesso, I, -avI, -atus, freq. (cedo, 
 
 go away) [CAD-], delay, cease, 
 
 stop, 2, 279. 
 (ceterus), -a, -um, adj., the other, 
 
 the rest, i, 84, 416, etc. ; as 
 
 subst., I, "T], 250, etc. 
 ceu, adv. (for *ceve), as, just as, 
 
 like as, I, 135, 420. 
 chaos (no gen.), n. (x<ios), chaos, 
 
 the unformed world or uni- 
 verse, I, 7, 2, 299. 
 chrysolithos, -T, m. (xpv(r6\i6os, 
 
 gold-stone), chrysolite, topaz, 
 
 2, 109. 
 cibus, -1, M..,food, I, 103. 
 Cilix, -icis, adj. (K/Xi^), Cilician, 
 
 belonging to Cilicia, a country 
 
 in the southeastern part of Asia 
 
 Minor, 2, 217. 
 cingo, 3, cinxi, cinctus, surround, 
 
 encompass, i, 39, 97, 549, 625, 
 
 2, 6, 790; gird, I, 382, 695; 
 
 crown, wreathe, i, 451, 2, 27. 
 cinis, -eris, m., ashes, 2, 216, 231. 
 circueo or circume5, -ire, -IvI or 
 
 -il, -itus (circum, around ; eo, 
 
 go) [l-],^^ around, 2, 402. 
 circuitus, -us, m. (circueo, go 
 
 around) [i-], going around, 
 
 circuit, 2, 82. 
 
VOCABULARY. 
 
 143 
 
 circulus, -T, M., dim. (circus, circle) 
 [CVR-, ci'R.-'\,s7nall circle; circle, 
 2, 516. 
 
 circum, adv. and prep. w. ace. 
 (ace. of circus, circle) [cvr-, 
 CIR-], around, about, as prep., 
 2, 40. 
 
 circumdo, -dare, -dedi, -datus (cir- 
 cum, around) \2T>k-, put\ put 
 around, place around, i, 37, 
 631; surround, 2, 272. 
 
 circumfluus, -a, -um, adj. (circum- 
 finOy jflow around) [yisv-'], Jlow- 
 ing around, i, 30. 
 
 circumfundo, 3, -ifudl, -fusus (cir- 
 cum, around ; fundo, pour) 
 [¥YT>-'], pour around, i, 12. 
 
 circumsono, i, , (cir- 
 cum, around ; son5, sound) 
 [son-], sound around, make re- 
 sound, Jill with sound, i, 187, 
 T. III. 
 
 circumspicio, 3, -exT, -ectus (cir- 
 cum, around ; specie, look) 
 [spec-], look around, observe, 
 behold, 2, 95, 294. 
 
 circumsto, i, -stetT, (circum, 
 
 around; sto, staitd) [STA-], 
 stand around, surround, 2, 394. 
 
 Cithaeron, -onis, m. (KidaLpdov), 
 Cithaeron, mountain of Boeo- 
 tia, sacred to Bacchus, 2, 223. 
 
 cithara, -ae, f. (Kiddpa), cithara, 
 guitar, lute, plu. instead of sing., 
 
 , I, 559. 
 citus, -a, -um, adj. (p. of cieo, 
 rouse) [ci-], quick, swift, rapid, 
 
 I, 543» 2, 75' 249- 
 clades, -is, f. [i cel-, strike. 
 
 drive"], destruction, disaster, 
 calamity, 2, 281. 
 
 clamo, I, -avi, -atus [i cal-, call], 
 call, cry out, shout, 2, 361. 
 
 clamor, -oris, m. (ef. clamo, call), 
 [i CAL-], shouting, shout, cry, 
 I, 207. 
 
 Claros, -1, F. (KXd/)os), Claros, a 
 town in Ionia, with a temple 
 and oracle of Apollo, i, 516. 
 
 clarus, -a, -um, adj. [i cal-, call], 
 clear, bright, shining, 2, 2, 24, 
 no; glorious, illustrious, fa- 
 mous, I, 174, T. 47. 
 
 claudo, 3, -sT, -sus (for *clavid6) 
 [CLAV-, lock], shut, close, 2, 
 828 ; shut in, shut up, confine, 
 surround, i, 262, 568, 631. 
 
 clavus, -I, M. [cLAV-, lock], nail ; 
 by meton., stripe (of purple color 
 on the tunic, broad for sena- 
 tors, narrow for the equites), T. 
 
 29» 35- 
 
 Clymene, -es, f. (KXvfi^vr]), Cly- 
 mene, daughter of Tethys, wife 
 of the Ethiopian king Merops, 
 I, 756, 765, 2, 37, 43» 333- 
 
 Clymeneius, -a, -um, adj., of Cly- 
 mene, 2, 19. 
 
 (coepio), 3, coepi, coeptus, begin, 
 I, 71, 221, 401, 405, 426, 2, 
 478. 
 
 COeptum, -T, N. (coepio, begin), be- 
 ginning, undertaking, i, 2. 
 
 coerceS, 2, -cuT, -citus (com-, to- 
 gether ; arceo, inclose) [arc-], 
 inclose on all sides, surround, 
 restrain, confine, hold, i, 31, 
 342, 477- 
 
144 
 
 VOCABULARY. 
 
 cognatus, -a, -um, adj. (com-, 
 with ; (g)natus, born) [gen-], 
 related by bloody kindred^ allied^ 
 
 1, 8i. 
 
 cognosce, 3, -gn5vl, -gnitus (com-, 
 intens.; (g)n6sc6, know) [gno-], 
 become acquainted with^ ascer- 
 taiUy learn^ 2, 183 ; recognize^ 
 
 2, 161, 501. 
 
 cogo, 3, coegi, coactus (com-, to- 
 gether ; ago, drive) [i AG-], 
 drive together; contract, nar- 
 row, T. 35 ; w. agmen, bring 
 up the rear, 2, 114; compel, co?t- 
 strain, i, 103. 
 
 collis, -is, M. [2 CEL-, CER-, rise, 
 tower'], hill, i, 293, 343, 698. 
 
 COUum, -I, N., neck, i, 497, 631, 
 718, etc. 
 
 C0I5, 3, colui, cultus [col-, //*//], 
 //■//, cultivate ; dwell in, inhabit, 
 I, 576, 2, 380, 679 ; cherish, 
 practise, i, 90 ; honor, rever- 
 ence, I, 694, 747. 
 
 COlonus, -1, M. [col-, till], tiller 
 of the soil, farmer, husband- 
 man, I, 272. 
 
 color, -oris, m. [2 cal-, cover], 
 color, hue, i, 270, 2, 236, 852. 
 
 columba, -ae, f. [2 cal-, cover], 
 dove, pigeon, i, 506. 
 
 columna, -ae, f. [2 cel-, cer-, 
 rise, tower], column, pillar, 2, 
 I. 
 
 coma, -ae, F. (Kdfiri), hair of the 
 head, hair, i, 559, 2, 124, 239. 
 
 comes, -itis, m. and f. (com-, with) 
 [l-, go], co7?tpanion, associate, 
 T. loi, 119. 
 
 comit5, I, -avi, -atus (comes, com 
 panion) [i-], acco?npany, 2, 845 
 
 committo (conm-), 3, -misl, -mis 
 sus (com-, together ; mitto, send] 
 [mit-], bring together ; de liver. ^ 
 intrust, commit, 2, 169. 
 
 communis (conm-), -e, adj. (com-, 
 together) [mw-, fasten], common, 
 
 I, 135. 352. 
 CO mo, 3, compsi (-nisi), comptus 
 
 (com-, together ; emo, buy) [em-, 
 
 take], comb, arrange, adorn, i, 
 
 498. 
 compago, -inis, f. (com-, together) 
 
 [PAC-, VkG-,fix] , joint, fastening, 
 
 1,711. 
 
 compesco, 3, -pescul, , co7i- 
 
 fine, repress, check, subdue, 2, 
 
 complector (conpl-), 3, -plexus 
 (com-, together ; plecto, braid) 
 [plec-], embrace, clasp, i, 555, 
 734» 2, 353. 
 
 compleo (conpl-), 2, -evi, -pletus 
 (com-, intens.) \yi.^-, fill], fill 
 up, fill out, complete, T. 77. 
 
 comprehendo (conp-) or com- 
 prendo, 3, -dl, -prensus (com-, 
 together ; prehendo, seize), bind 
 together; seize, catch, i, 537. 
 
 comprimo (conp-), 3, -pressi, 
 -pressus (com-, together ; prem5, 
 press) [PREM-], press together ; 
 suppress, restrain, check, i, 
 206. 
 
 concavo, i, , -atus (com-, 
 
 intens. ; cavo, make hollow) 
 [2 CAV-], make hollow ; round, 
 curve, 2, 195. 
 
VOCABULARY. 
 
 145 
 
 concha, -ae (Kdyxv), shell-fish ; 
 shelly trumpet i, 333. 
 
 concilium, -i, n. [com-, together ; 
 I (ZM.-, call\ meetings assembly^ 
 council^ I, 167; bond of union, 
 companionship, i, 710. 
 
 concipio, 3, -cepl, -ceptus (com-, 
 together; capi5, take) [cap-], 
 take hold of, take up or in, take, 
 draw, catch, i, 255, 271, 337; 
 conceive, i, 431 ; imagine, think, 
 entertain, i, 166, ']']^, 2, 77. 
 
 Concordia, -ae, f. (concors, of the 
 same mind), union, harmony, 
 likeness, i, 433. 
 
 concordo, i, -avT, -at us (concors, 
 of the same mind), agree, har- 
 monize, be in harmony, i, 518. 
 
 concors, -cordis, adj. (com-, to- 
 gether ; cor, heart), of the same 
 mind, harmonious, united, i, 
 
 concutio, 3, -cussT, -cussus (com-, 
 together ; quatio, strike), strike 
 together ; shake violently, i , 1 43, 
 179, 2, 50 ; cause to shake, 2, 
 277, 849; strike, knock, 2, 768. 
 
 cond5, 3, -didi, -ditus (com-, to- 
 gether) [2 DA-, /«/], put to- 
 gether ; inter, bury, 2, 337; 
 conceal, hide, 2, 274, 330 ; strike 
 deep, plunge, i, 727. 
 
 condiico, 3,' -duxT, -ductus (com-, 
 together ; duco, lead) [dvc-], 
 draw together, i, 572. 
 
 confinis, -e, adj. (com-, together ; 
 finis, border) [2 Yi'D-'], bordering, 
 adjoining, contiguous, i, 718. 
 
 confiteor, 2, -fessus, dep. (com-. 
 
 intens. ; fateor, confess) [i fa-], 
 acknowledge, conjess, 2, 52. 
 
 confremo, 3, -ui, (com-, to- 
 gether ; fremo, roar), resound, 
 murmur loudly, i, 199. 
 
 confundo, 3, -fudi, -fusus (com-, 
 together ; fundo, pour) [fvd-], 
 pour together, shake together, 
 turit, 2, 299. 
 
 congeries, ace. -em, abl. -e, f. 
 (com-, together) [ges-, carry^ 
 heap, mass, i, 33. 
 
 congero, 3, -gessl, -rjestus (com-, 
 together ; gero, bear) [ges-], 
 bring together, collect, heap up, 
 
 1,8,153- 
 
 coniugium, -T, n. [com-, together ; 
 IVG-, yoke'], connection ; mar- 
 riage, wedlock, 2, 804. 
 
 coniiinx or coniux, -iugis, m. or 
 F. (com-, together) [iVG-, yoke], 
 married person, husband, wife, 
 
 1, 146, 35i» 395» etc. 
 conligo (coll-), 3, -leg!, -lectus 
 
 (com-, together ; lego, gather) 
 [leg-], gather together, collect, 
 bring together, 2, 398 ; gather, 
 acquire, assume, i, 234. 
 conloco (coll-), I, -avT, -atus (com-, 
 together ; loco, place), set right, 
 arrange; put, place, i, 723, 
 
 2, 526. 
 
 Conor, I, -atus, dep., undertake, 
 
 attempt, try, i, 233, dyj, 2, 348, 
 
 820, 829. 
 consido, 3, -sedT, -sessus (com-, 
 
 together) [sed-, sit], sit together ; 
 
 sit down, take seat, i, 679, 2, 
 
 869. 
 
146 
 
 VOCABULARY. 
 
 cSnsilium, -i, n. (cf. consuls, 
 consult )y council ; deliberation^ 
 counsel^ advice ^ 2, 146. 
 
 consisto, 3, -stiti, -stilus (com-, 
 completely ; sisto, J"/'««^)[sta-], 
 stand stilly standi stop, stay^ i, 
 54, 467, 628, 2, 22, 59, 766. 
 
 cdnsolor, i, -atus, dep. (com-, 
 completely ; s51or, comfori)^ en- 
 courage ^ console^ comfort^ i, 
 360, 578. 
 
 censors, -sortis, adj. (com-, to- 
 gether ; sors, lot') [SER-], hav- 
 ing a common lot ; as subst., 
 M. or F., sharer^ associate, wife, 
 
 1, 319- 
 
 conspicio, 3, -spexT, -spectus 
 (com-, together ; specid, look) 
 [spec-], look at attentively, see, 
 behold, I, 640, 2, 494, 794. 
 
 conspicuus, -a, -um, adj. (com-, 
 together) [spec-, see^ in view, 
 visible, T. 108. 
 
 COnsterno, i, -avi, -atus, confound, 
 terrify, frighten, 2, 314. 
 
 consuetus, -a, -um, adj. (p. of 
 consuesco) (com-, intens. ; sue- 
 sco, accustom), accustomed, 
 wonted, customary, familiar, 
 
 2, 266. 
 
 consul, -ulis, M. (cf. consuls, con- 
 sult) [i SAL-, leap'], consul, 
 T. 6. 
 
 consuld, 3, -luT, -Itus [i SAL-, leap], 
 consult, advise, plan, 2, 141, 
 300. 
 
 contemptrix (-temt-),-icis, f. (con- 
 temptor, despiser) [i tem-], she 
 who scorns, despi^^r^ i, 161. 
 
 contemptus (-temt-), -us, m. (con- 
 temns, despise) [i tem-], de- 
 spising, scorn, slight, 2, 527. 
 
 contendo, 3, -dT, -tus (com-, in- 
 tens. ; tends, stretch) [ten-], 
 strain, strive for, struggle, con- 
 tend, assert, ajirm, 2, 855. 
 
 contentus, -a, -um, adj. (p. of 
 contineS, hold together) [ten-], 
 content, satisfied, pleased, i, 
 103, 226, 274, 461, 744, 2, 131. 
 
 conterminus, -a, -um, adj. (com-, 
 together ; terminus, boundary), 
 bordering upon, adjoining, 
 neighboring, i, 774. 
 
 contingo, 3, -tigl, -tact us (com-, 
 intens. ; tangS, touch) [tag-], 
 touch, I, 340, 2, 123, 151, 860; 
 reach, come to, i, 211, 2, 189; 
 happen, befall, fall to the lot of, 
 I, 404, 2, 57.^ 
 
 contraho, 3, -traxi, -tractus (com-, 
 together ; trahS, draw) [trag-), 
 draw together, collect, 2, 273 ; 
 contract, narrow, lessen, make 
 small, I, 116, 741, 2, 262. 
 
 contrarius, -a, -um, adj. (contra, 
 over against ) , lying over against, 
 opposite, contrary, conflicting, i , 
 65» 2, 73' 314. 380. 
 
 coniibium, -I, n. (com-, together ; 
 niibS, veil) [nvb-], marriage, 
 wedlock, I, 480, 496. 
 
 convenio, 4, -venT, -ventus (com-, 
 together; veniS, come) [VA-, 
 VEN-], come together, i, 577 ; 
 agree together, 2, 846; fit, be 
 adapted to, 2, 55. 
 
 cpnv^rtO (-vorto), 3, -ti* -sus 
 
VOCABULARY. 
 
 147 
 
 (com-, completely ; verto, turn) 
 [vert-], turn round, turn; 
 change, transform, i, 88. 
 
 convexus, -a, -um, adj. (conveho, 
 carry together) [VAG-, VEH-], 
 vaulted, arched, i, 26. 
 
 convicium, -T, n. (com-, together) 
 [voc-, call\ clamor, otitcry ; 
 wraiigling, reproach, abuse, in- 
 sult, I, 756. 
 
 convictus, -us, M. (com-, together) 
 [viv-, VIG-, livel, living to- 
 gether, i7itimacy, social inter- 
 course, companionship, T. 48. 
 
 convivium, -T, n. (com-, together) 
 [viv-, live'\, meal ijt company ; 
 feast, banquet, i, 165. 
 
 convoco, I, -avT, -atus (com-, to- 
 gether ; voco, call) [voc-], call 
 together, assemble, i, 276. 
 
 copia, -ae, f. (com-, intens. ; (opis), 
 help) [ap-, op-], abtindance, 
 plenty, ability, opportunity, 2, 
 
 157. 
 
 cor, cordis, n., hea^-t, T. 66. 
 
 Corinna, -ae, f., Corinna, T. 60. 
 
 corneus, -a, -um, adj. (cornu, 
 horn), of horn, i, 697. 
 
 cornu, -us, n., horn, i, 641, 652, 
 740, 2, 80, 855, 867 ; horn, 
 bugle, trufupet, i, 98 ; bow, i, 
 455; horn (of the moon), i, 11, 
 
 2, ii7» 344- 
 cornum, -1, n. (rare, same as 
 
 cornu), horn, 2, 874. 
 cornum, -1, n., cornel berry, cornel 
 
 cherry, i, 105. 
 corona, -ae, f. (Kopdovrj), wreath, 
 
 crown, 2, 27. 
 
 corpus, -oris, n., body, i, 300, 
 428, 527, etc. ; body, substance, 
 mass, I, 18, 393 ; flesh, i, 408; 
 lifeless body, corpse, 2, 267, 326 ; 
 body, community, class, i, 186. 
 
 corrigo (conr-), 3, -rexl, -rectus 
 (com-, intens. ; rego, guide) 
 [reg-], make straight, set 
 right, improve^ amend, 2, 89. 
 
 corripio (conr-), 3, -ripul, -reptus 
 (com, together; rapio, seize) 
 [rap-], seize, grasp, take hold of, 
 2, 145 ; attack, catch, carry off, 
 I, 257, 2, 210; hurry over, 
 hasten over, 2, 158. 
 
 corru5 (conr-), 3, -ul, (com-, 
 
 together ; ruo, fall) [rv-], fall 
 together, fall down, fall, 2, 403. 
 
 cortex, -icis, m. or f., bark (of 
 trees), i, 122, 554, 2, 353, 363. 
 
 coruscus, -a, -um, adj., waving, 
 vibrating, gleaming, glittering, 
 
 1, 768. 
 
 Corycis, -idis, adj., f., Corycian, 
 of the Corycian cave on Par- 
 nassus near Delphi, i, 320. 
 
 creber, -bra, -brum, adj., thick, 
 frequent, crowded, abounding, 
 
 2, 218. 
 
 credo, 3, -didl, -ditus [crat-, 
 faith ; 2 DA-, /«/], commit, in- 
 trust, 2, 378 ; believe, i, 361 ; 
 749, 754 ; hold true, believe, 
 I, 400, 2, 90, 330; think, be- 
 lieve, imagine, i, 196, 2, 235 ; 
 in pass., pass for, be taken for, 
 I, 696, 2, 39. 
 
 cremo, i, -avi, -atus, burn, con- 
 sume by fire, 2, 136, 811, T. d^^. 
 
148 
 
 VOCABULARY. 
 
 creo, I, -avT, -atus, bring forth ^ 
 make, create, i, 103, 433, 437 ; 
 beget, bear, i, 760, T. 9. 
 
 crepito, i , , , rattle, creak, 
 
 clatter, i, 143. 
 
 crepusculum, -T, n., tivilight, dusk, 
 
 1, 219. 
 
 cresco, 3, crevl, cretus, inch, 
 (creo, make), come into being, 
 spring up, grow, increase, e7t- 
 large, wax, i, 11, 336, 345, 
 403, 421, 550, 2, 479. 
 
 crimen,-inis, n. [cer-, crts.-, part], 
 judgment, charge, reproach, ac- 
 ctisatiojt, I, 766, T. 88; crime, 
 fault, offense, i, 483, T. 71. 
 
 crinis, -is, m., hair, i, 450, 542, 
 550, 2, 283, 350. 
 
 crudelis, -e, adj. (crudus, bloody) 
 [CRV-], rude, unfeeling, hard- 
 hearted, cruel, I, 617. 
 
 cruentus, -a, -um, adj. [crv-, 
 raw\ blood-stained, bloody, i, 
 718, T. 14. 
 
 cruor, -oris, m. [crv-, raw], blood 
 (from a wound), i, 158. 
 
 crus, -iiris, n. [i cel-, cer-, strike, 
 drive], leg, i, 236, 306, 509, 2, 
 
 351- 
 culmen, -inis, n. [2 cel-, rise], 
 
 top, roof, gable, i, 289, 295. 
 culpa, -ae, f., fault, blame, guilt, 
 
 2, Zl' _ 
 
 cultor, -oris, m. [col-, ////], tiller, 
 husbandman, farmer, i, 425; 
 worshiper, i, 327. 
 
 cultus, -a, -um, adj. (p. of colo, 
 till) [col-], tilled, cultivated, 
 polished, elegant, T. 50. 
 
 cum, prep. w. abl., with, together 
 with, at the same time with, 
 and, I, 20, 51, 56, 180, etc. 
 
 cum (quom), conj., when, i, 156, 
 200, 219, etc. ; when (equivalent 
 to a7id then), i, 70, 2, 373, 870 ; 
 as often as, i, 560, 630; since, 
 
 1, 197 ; though, I, 59, 84, 432, 
 
 2, 488. 
 
 cumba or cymba, -ae, f. (kij/jl^ti), 
 boat, skiff, I, 293. 
 
 cunctor (cont-), i, -atus, dep., 
 delay, hesitate, 2, 105. 
 
 cunctus, -a, -um, adj. (for con- 
 iunctus) [ivg-, yoke], all in a 
 body, all, the whole, i, 83, 190, 
 206, etc. 
 
 Cupidineus, -a, -um, adj., of 
 Cupid, T. 65. 
 
 cupido, -inis, f. (sometimes m.) 
 [cvP-, wish], desire, longing, 
 passion, i, 234, 2, 104. 
 
 Cupid5, -inis, m. [cvp-, wish], 
 Cupid, god of love, son of 
 Venus, I, 453. 
 
 cupio, 3, -ivT, -itus [cvp-, wish], 
 desire, long for, wish, i, 212, 
 490, 491, 2, 184. 
 
 ciir, adv., interrog., why ? where- 
 fore ? for what reason ? 2, 291, 
 525 ; rel., for what reason, 
 why, 2, 518. 
 
 cura, -ae, f. (for *cavira) [i cav-, 
 watch], care, oversight, direc- 
 tion, attention, anxiety, co7icern, 
 trouble, love, i, 48, 190, 209, 
 250, 2, 94, 406, 683, 779, T. I 5, 
 118. 
 
 ciiria, -ae, f., senate-house, T. 35. 
 
VOCABULARY. 
 
 149 
 
 euro, I, -avT, -atus (cura, care) 
 [i CAV-], care^ regard, i, 480. 
 
 curro, 3, cucurri, cursiis [i cel-, 
 CER-, run\, run, i, 511, 2, 168, 
 208. 
 
 currus, -us, m. [i cel-, cer-, ru7i\ 
 chariot, car, wagon (often in 
 plu. for sing.), 2, 47, 62, 74, etc. 
 
 cursus, -us, M. (cf. curro, run) 
 [i CEL-, CER-], running, course, 
 flight, I, 282, 525, 703, 2, 135, 
 
 (curvamen, -inis), n. (curvo, hejtd) 
 [CVR-, CIR-], bending, curve 
 (only abl. sing., nom. and ace. 
 plu.), 2, 130. 
 
 curvatura, -ae, f. (curvo, bend) 
 [cVR-, CIR-], bend, rim, 2, 108. 
 
 curvo, I, -a VI, -atus (curvus, 
 crooked) [cvR-, CIR-], bend, 
 curve, 2, 82, 83, 199, 479. 
 
 curvus, -a, -um, adj. [cvr-, cir-, 
 curve^ crooked, curved, bent, i, 
 298, 2, 163, 265. 
 
 cuspis, -idis, ¥., point, poi^tt (of an 
 arrow), point (of a spear), i, 
 470, 2, 767 ; sting, 2, 199. 
 
 custos, -odis, M. or f., guard, 
 watch, keeper, i, 562, 678, 2, 
 690. 
 
 Cyclades, -um, f. (/cuKXdSes, fr. 
 kijkXos, circle), the Cyclades, 
 islands in the Aegean Sea, 
 which surround Delos, 2, 264. 
 
 Cyclops, -opis, M. {KrjKXox//, 
 Round-eye), Cyclops, one of 
 the sons of Uranus and Gaea. 
 Saturn banished them to Tar- 
 tarus but Jupiter afterwards 
 freed them, that they might 
 forge thunderbolts for him, i, 
 259 ; the name is also given to a 
 fabulous race of giants on the 
 coast of Sicily, who had but 
 one eye in the middle of the 
 forehead. 
 
 Cycnus (Cyg), -I, m., Cycnus, son 
 of Sthenelus, king of the 
 Ligurians, 2, 367, 377. 
 
 Cyllene, -es and -ae, f. {KvKKi]vt]), 
 Cyllene, a mountain of Arcadia, 
 the birthplace of Mercury, i, 
 217. 
 
 Cylleniusf -a, -um, adj., of Cyl- 
 lene, Cyllenian ; as subst., 
 Mercury, i, 713, 2, 818. 
 
 Cynthus, -T, m. i^vvQoi), Cynthus, 
 a mountain of Delos, where 
 Apollo and Diana were born, 
 2, 221. 
 
 damma, -ae, f. (poet, also m.) 
 [dom-, tame'], deer, buck, doe, 
 I, 442. 
 
 damnum, -1, ^.,hurt, injury, ruin, 
 loss, I, 379, 2, 213. 
 
 Daphne, -es, f. (ddcpvrj, laurel). 
 
 Daphne, a nymph, daughter of 
 the river-god Peneus, i, 452, 
 490. 
 de, prep. w. 2ikA.,from, down from, 
 of, out of, about, concerning, i, 
 112, 127, 325, T. 84, etc. 
 
150 
 
 VOCABULARY. 
 
 dea, -ae, F. (deus, god) [div-], 
 goddess, I, 1,7^, 381, 385, etc. 
 
 debe5, 2, -ui, -itus (de, from ; 
 habed, have) [hab-], withhold, 
 keep back ; owe, i, 481, 482. 
 
 debitus, -a, -um, adj. (p. of debeo, 
 owe) [hab-], due, appropriate, 
 
 1, 137. 
 
 decern, indecl. num. adj., ten, T. 
 
 4,31- 
 decens, -entis, adj. (p. of decet, 
 beseem) [dec-], seemly, becom- 
 ing, charming, beautiful, i, 
 
 45O' 527- 
 
 (deceo, -cui), 2, , (only 
 
 3d pers.) [dec-, beseem'l, be 
 seemly, become, besee?n, i, 457, 
 
 2, 14. 
 
 decerpo, 3, -psl, -ptus (de, from ; 
 
 carpo, pluck), pluck off, break 
 
 off, gather, i, 645. 
 decet, see deceo. 
 decide, 3, -cidl, (de, fro7n ; 
 
 cad5, fall) [cad-], fall down, 
 
 fall, drof, I, 106, 308. 
 deciens or decies, num. adv. 
 
 (decern, teri), ten times, T. 96. 
 decipio, 3, -cepT, -ceptus (de, 
 
 from ; capio, take) [cap-], catch, 
 
 ensnare ; beguile, T. 114. 
 declino, i, -avl, -atus, bend aside, 
 
 turn away, digress, 2, 138. 
 declivis, -e, adj. {^h,from; clivus, 
 
 slope), sloping, inclining, i, 39; 
 
 N. as subst., slope, declivity, 2, 
 
 206. 
 decor, -oris, m. [dec-, beseem^ 
 
 comeliness, grace, beauty, i, 
 
 488. 
 
 decorus, -a, -um, adj. [dec-, be- 
 seem], seemly, adorned, beauti- 
 ful, 2, 773. 
 
 decresco, 3, -crevi, -cretus (de, 
 from ; cresco, grow), grow less, 
 decrease, diminish, i, 345, 740, 
 2, 292. 
 
 decus, -oris, n. [dec-, beseem], 
 grace, glory, splendor, 2, 382. 
 
 deduco, 3, -duxi, -ductus (de, 
 from ; duco, lead) [dvc-], lead 
 away, b?'ing down, conduct, lead, 
 
 1, 4, 582, 2, 106. 
 
 deflcio, 3, -feci, -fectus {^h,from ; 
 faci5, make) [fac-], withdraw, 
 desert, be wanting, fail ; w. 
 orbem, be eclipsed, 2, 382. 
 
 defied, 2, -evi, -etus (de, from ; 
 fleo, weep) [flv-], weep over, 
 lament, bewail, 2, 239. 
 
 deformis, -e, adj. (de, from; 
 forma, form), misshapen, de- 
 formed, ugly, loathsome, i, 300, 
 
 2, 481. 
 
 defrenatus, -a, -um, adj. (de, 
 from ; frenum, bridle) [3 fer-, 
 FRE-], unbridled, unrestrained, 
 I, 282. 
 
 deicio or deiici5, 3, -iecl, -iectus 
 (dihy from ; iacio, throw) [lAC-], 
 throw down, strike down, pros- 
 trate, fell, I, 719. 
 
 delectus, -us, m. (deicio, throw 
 down) [lAC-], a throwijig down, 
 fall, I, 571. 
 
 deinde, adv. (de, from ; inde, 
 thence), next, then, afte^-wards, 
 
 I, 353- 
 delabor, 3, -lapsus, dep. (de, 
 
VOCABULARY. 
 
 151 
 
 from; labor, glide) [lab-], 
 glide down, descend, i, 212, 2, 
 838. 
 
 deleo, 2, -evi, -etus, erase, blot out, 
 destroy, extinguish, i, 445. 
 
 Delius, -a, -um, adj., 0/ Delos, 
 Delian ; as subst., M., the 
 Delian, name given to Apollo, 
 because he was born in Delos 
 and had a celebrated temple 
 there, i, 454. 
 
 Delphicus, -a, -um, adj., of Del- 
 phi, Delphic, I, 515 ; as subst., 
 M., the Delphian, name given 
 to Apollo from his oracle at 
 Delphi, 2, ^^"j. 
 
 delphin, -mis, m. (deXipiv), dolphin, 
 I, 302, 2, 266. 
 
 delubrum, -T, n. {^t,from) [2 lv-, 
 wash'l, place of cleansing, tem- 
 ple, shri7te, I, 373, 2, -]-]. 
 
 demens, -entis, adj. (de, out of ; 
 mens, mind) [i man-],/^^?//^-/?, 
 
 ^mad, I, 753- 
 
 demittd, 3, -misi, -missus (de, 
 from; mitto, send) [mit-], 
 send down, let fall, i, 261, 2, 
 310. 
 
 demo, 3, dempsi, demptus (de, 
 from; em5, buy) [em-, take'l, 
 take away, remove, i, 492, 2, 
 700, 866. 
 
 denique, adv., and thereafter, at 
 length, at last, finally, in a word, 
 in short, 2, 95, 814. 
 
 dens, dentis, m., tooth, 2, 776, T. 
 124. 
 
 densus, -a, -um, adj., thick, close, 
 dense, i, 29, 122, 269. 
 
 deploro, i, -avi, -atus (de, from ; 
 ploro, wail) [plv-], bewail, la- 
 ment, deplore, i, 272. 
 
 depono, 3, -posuT, -positus (de, 
 from; pono, put), lay aside, 
 put aside, 2, 41 ; lay down, 2, 
 865. 
 
 deposco, 3, -poposcT, (de, 
 
 intens. ; posco, demand), de- 
 mand earnestly, request, call 
 for, I, 200. 
 
 deprecor, i, -atus, dep. {^Q,from ; 
 precor, pray) [prec-], avert by 
 prayer, plead against, deprecate, 
 2,98. 
 
 deprehendo or deprend5, 3, -dl, 
 -sus (de, away ; prehendo, take), 
 take away, catch, i, 296 ; grasp, 
 comprehend, understand, 2, 94. 
 
 (derigesco), 3, derigul or dlrigui, 
 
 , inch, (de, intens. ; rigesco, 
 
 grow stiff) [reg-], become stiff, 
 grow 7'igid, 2, 348. 
 
 descendo, 3, -dl, -ensus (de,down; 
 scando, climb), climb down, 
 come down, descend, i, 95, 2, 
 509. 
 
 desero, 3, -rul, -rtus (de, un- ; 
 sero, bind) [ser-], desert, leave, 
 forsake, i, 422. 
 
 desilio, 4, -ilul, -ultus (de, down; 
 salio, leap) [i s Ah-], leap down, 
 fly down, i, 674. 
 
 deslno, 3, -sil, -situs (de, from ; 
 sino, allow), leave off, cease, 
 stop, end, finish, i, 616, 2, 47, 
 816. 
 
 desol5, I, -avT, -atus, leave alone, 
 abandon, desert, i, 349. 
 
152 
 
 VOCABULARY. 
 
 despicio, 3, -exT, -ectus {^h^from^ 
 down; specie, look) [spec-], 
 look down upo}i, 2, 178. 
 
 desum, deesse, defui, (de, 
 
 from ; sum, be) [es-], be away, 
 be wanting, fail, i, ']'], 292. 
 
 deterior, -ius, adj., comp. (double 
 comparative from de), worse, 
 meaner, inferior, i, 115. 
 
 detineo, 2, -tinul, -tentus (de, 
 from ; teneo, hold) [ten-], hold 
 back, delay, detain, prolong, fill, 
 
 1, 683. 
 
 detraho, 3, -traxT, -tractus (de, 
 from ; traho, draw) [trag-], 
 drag away, draw off, take away, 
 
 2, 39» 524. 
 
 detrectd or detracto, i, -avi, 
 -atus (de, from; tracto, draw) 
 [trag-], decline, depreciate, dis- 
 parage, T. 123. 
 
 Deucalion, -onis, m. [AeuAcaX/wz'), 
 Deucalion, son of Prometheus, 
 I, 318, 350. 
 
 deus, -1, M. [div-, shine'\, god, 
 deity, i, ^, 21, 32, etc. 
 
 devius, -a, -um, adj. {t^, from ; 
 via, way) [vag-, veh-], off the 
 way, devious, sequestered, i, 
 676. 
 
 dexter, -tera, -terum, or -tra, 
 -trum, adj., comp., dexterior, 
 sup., dextimus, on the right 
 side, right, i, 45, 2, 18, 138. 
 
 dextra (dextera), -ae, f. (fem. of 
 dexter, right ; sc. manus), right 
 hand, the right, i, 171, 553, 2, 
 25, 61,848. 
 
 Diana, -ae, f. (for * Divana) [div-. 
 
 bright'], Diana, goddess of 
 light and of the moon, i, 487, 
 
 695- 
 
 dico, 3, dixi, dictus [dig-, show, 
 pointy say, speak, tell, i, 367, 
 Zn^ 379> ^*c. ; call, name, i, 
 7, 176, 394, etc. 
 
 dictum, -1, N. (p. of dico, say) 
 [dig-], something said, word, 
 I, 244, 390, 656, etc. 
 
 dies, diei or die, m., sometimes 
 F. in sing, [div-, di-, shine'\, 
 day, I, 683, 2, 48, 331, 343; 
 time, I, 148, 346; Dies, per- 
 sonification of day, 2, 25. 
 
 differo, -ferre, distulT, dllatus 
 (dis-, apart ; fero, bear) [i fer-], 
 bear apart, disperse, defer, put 
 off, postpone, i, 724. 
 
 diffido, 3, -fisus sum (dis-, not; 
 fido, trust) [i FID-], distrust, i, 
 
 397- 
 diffugio, 3, -fugi, (dis-, 
 
 apart ; fugio, flee), flee apart, 
 
 flee away, disperse, 2, 114. 
 diffundo, 3, -fudl, -fusus (dis-, 
 
 apart; fundo, pour) [fvd-], 
 
 pour apa7't, pour forth, scatter, 
 
 spread, i, 36. 
 digitus, -I, M. \p\Q.-, point\ finger , 
 
 I, 500; toe, 2, 375- 
 dignor, i, -atus, dep. (dignus, 
 
 worthy) [DEC-], deem worthy, 
 
 1, 194. 
 
 dignus, -a, -um, adj. [dec-, be- 
 seem\ worthy, deserving, suit- 
 able, proper, i, 166, 231, 241, 
 
 2, 43. T. 69. 
 
 dilabor, 3, -lapsus, dep. (dis-, 
 
VOCAEULARY. 
 
 153 
 
 apart; labor, glide) [lab-], 
 fall asunder^ go to pieces^ di- 
 vide^ I, 742. 
 
 diluvium, -1, n. (diluo, wash away) 
 [2 \.N-\ floods deluge^ i, 434. 
 
 dimitto, 3, -misT, -missus (dis-, 
 apart; mitto, send) [mix-], 
 send away, dismiss, give up, 
 abandon, i, 209. 
 
 Dindyma, -orum, n. (AtV5u/xa), 
 Dindyma, mountain of Mysia, 
 sacred to Cybele, 2, 223. 
 
 Dirce, -es, f. (Aip/cr;), Dirce, foun- 
 tain and brook near Thebes in 
 Boeotia, 2, 239. 
 
 directus (derectus), -a, -um, adj. 
 (p. of derigo, lay straight) [reg-] , 
 straight, direct, i, 98, 2, 129. 
 
 dirimo, 3, -emi, -emptus (dis-, 
 apart; emo, Imy, take) [em-], 
 take apart; break off, put an 
 end to, 1 , 21. 
 
 dirus, -a, -um, adj., ill-ome^ted, 
 portentous, terrible, dreadfiil, 
 horrible, i, 156. 
 
 discedo, 3, -cessT, -cessus (dis-, 
 apart; cedo, go) [cad-], go 
 apart ; go away, depart, with- 
 draw, I, 381, 398. 
 
 discordia, -ae, f. (discors, dis- 
 cordant) [card-], dissension, 
 discord, i, 60. 
 
 discors, -cordis, adj. (dis-, apart ; 
 cor, heart) [card-], discordant, 
 inharmonious, i, 9, 433. 
 
 discrimen, -inis, n. (dis-, apart) 
 [CER-, CRE-, part\ that which 
 parts, separation, difference, de- 
 cision, test, I, 222, 291. 
 
 disicio (disiicio), 3, -iecT, -iectus 
 (dis-, apart; iacio, throw) [iac-], 
 throw apart, scatter, disperse, 
 
 1, 328. 
 
 dispar, -aris, adj. (dis-, not, un-; 
 
 par, equal), unequal, unlike, i, 
 
 711, 2, 682. 
 dispone, 3, -posuT, -positus (dis-, 
 
 apart ; p5n5, put), place apart, 
 
 distribute, set in order, arrange, 
 
 1, 32, 673. 
 
 dissaepio, 3, -psl, -ptus (dis-, 
 apart ; saepi5, hedge), separate, 
 divide, i, 69. 
 
 dissilio, 4, -uT, (dis-, apart ; 
 
 salio, leap) [i sal-], leap apait, 
 burst asunder, 2, 260. 
 
 dissimilis, -e, adj. (dis-, not,un-; 
 similis, like) [sem-, sim-], un- 
 like, dissim,ilar, different, i, 
 252. 
 
 dissimulo, i, -avi, -atus (dis-, not, 
 un- ; simulo, m,ake like) [sem-, 
 SIM-], make unlike, disguise, 
 conceal, take the place of, 2, 374. 
 
 dissipo or dissupo, i, -avT, -atus 
 (dis-, apart ; * supo, throw), 
 spread abroad, scatter, diffuse, 
 2,801. 
 
 dissocio, I, -avi, -atus (dis-, not ; 
 socio, join) [sec-], disjoin, dis- 
 unite, separate, divide, i, 25. 
 
 dissuadeo, 2, -suasl, -suasus (dis-, 
 apart; suadeo, persuade), ad- 
 vise against, dissuade, i, 619, 
 
 2, 53- 
 
 distinguo, 3, -nxi, -nctus (di-, 
 apart ; stingu5, put out), sepa- 
 rate, divide, i, 47. 
 
154 
 
 VOCABULARY. 
 
 disto, I, , (di-, apart ; 
 
 sto, stand) [sta-], stand apart, 
 
 be separate, be distant, 2, 241, 
 
 T.4. 
 ditia, see dives, 
 diu, adv., comp., diutius, sup., diu- 
 
 tissime [div-, shine'l, by day ; 
 
 longtime, long, i, 70, 133, 307, 
 
 384. 
 diversus, -a, -um, adj. (p. of di- 
 verts, turn in different direc- 
 tions) [vert-], opposite, con- 
 trary, diverse, different, i, 40, 
 59, 173, 260, 416, 469, 665, 2, 
 
 I4» 323- 
 dives, -itis, adj. [div-, shine'\ 
 
 (ditia, 2,77), rich, wealthy, opu- 
 . lent, 2, 77, 95, 689 ; rich, fertile, 
 
 fruitful, I, 137. 
 divinus, -a, -um, adj. (divus, of 
 
 a god) [div-], divine, heavenly, 
 
 1, 78. 
 
 divus, -a, -um, adj. [div-, shine\ 
 of a god, godlike, divine ; as 
 subst., diva, -ae, Y., goddess, i, 
 623. 
 
 do, dare, dedi, datus [i T)K-,give'\, 
 give, I, 85, 102, 195, etc.; give, 
 imprint, i, 376, 556, (i\(i',give, 
 g7'ant, allow, i, 175, 307, 386, 
 etc. ; give, cause to be seen or 
 heard, i, 220, 335, 381, etc.; 
 give, pay penalty, suffer pun- 
 ishment, I, 242; pay promises, 
 
 2, 52. 
 
 doceo, 2, -ui, -ctus [dig-, show"], 
 show, teach, explain, tell, i, 
 210. 
 
 documentum, -1, n. [dig-, showl. 
 
 lesso7i, example, evideitce, proof, 
 
 1,415- 
 doled, 2, -ui, -iturus, feel pain, 
 
 suffer, grieve, lament, complain, 
 
 be a7tgry, i, 360, 757, 2, 352, 
 
 399, T. 84. 
 dolor, -oris, m., pain, grief, dis- 
 tress, sorrow, trouble, i, 246, 
 
 509, 661, 736, 2, 486, 778, 805. 
 dolus, -1, M. (56Xos), artifice, de- 
 ceit, deception, trickery, i, 130. 
 dominor, i, -atus, dep. (dominus, 
 
 master) [dom-], be master, bS 
 
 lord, rule, i, 77. 
 dominus, -T, m. [dom-, tarne], 
 
 master, lord, owner, i, 231, 524. 
 domo, I, -uT, -itus [dom-, tame\ 
 
 tame, subdue, conquer, destroy, 
 
 I, 312. 
 domus, -us or -T, f. [56/aos], house, 
 
 abode, dwelling, palace, home, i, 
 
 121, 171, 240, etc. 
 donee, conj., as long as, while ; 
 
 until, till, I, 624, 702. 
 dono, I, -avi, -atus (dSnum, ^//?) 
 
 [i TyK^, present, bestow, confer, 
 
 I, 622. 
 donum, -1, n. [i da^, give'l, gift, 
 
 present, 2, 77. 
 Doris, -idis, f., Doris, daughter 
 
 of Oceanus, wife of Nereus, 
 
 mother of the Nereids, 2, 11, 
 
 269. 
 dorsum, -1, n., back, 2, 874. 
 dubitabilis, -e, adj. (dubito, doubt) 
 
 [dva-], doubtful, I, 223. 
 dubito, I, -avi, -atus (cf. dubius, 
 
 doubting) [dva-], doubt, 2, 20, 
 
 44, lOI. 
 
VOCABULARY. 
 
 155 
 
 dubius, -a, -um, adj. [dva-, apart ^ 
 tzao], moving in tivo ways^ doubt- 
 ing, uncertain; as subst., N., 
 dubium, doubt, i, 396. 
 
 duco, 3, -uxi, -uctus [dvc-, lead\ 
 lead, conduct, 2, 121, 139; w. 
 remos, row, i, 294 ; lead home, 
 take, marry, 2, 525 ; draw, 
 bring, i, 656, 2, 774 ; draw, 
 make, i, 649 ; lead, pass, T. 
 105 ; assume, i, 402. 
 
 dulcedo, -inis, f. (dulcis, sweet), 
 sweetness, loveliness, charm, i, 
 709. 
 
 dulcis, -e, adj., sweet, dear, charm- 
 ing, T. 48. 
 
 dum, conj., while, as long as, i, 
 
 314, 707, 2, 89, etc.; until, i, 
 
 677. 
 duo, -ae, -o, num. adj. [dva-, two\ 
 
 two, I, 45, 50, 316, etc. 
 duresco, 3, -nil, , inch, (du- 
 
 rus, hard), grow hard, beco7ne 
 
 hard, harden, 2, 831. 
 duritia, -ae (ace. duritiem, O.), f. 
 
 (durus, hard), hardftess, i, 401. 
 (durities), see duritia. 
 diirus, -a, -um, adj., hard (to the 
 
 touch), I, 127, 2, 706, 852; 
 
 rough, I, 105 ; hard, unfeeling, 
 
 I, 414; as subst., I, 20. 
 dux, duels, M. or f. [dvc-, lead'\, 
 
 leader, commander, i, 560; 
 
 leader, guide, T. 119. 
 
 e, prep. w. 2h\.,from ; see ex. 
 ebur, -oris, N., ivory, 2, 3. 
 eburnus, -a, -um, adj. (ebur, 
 
 ivory), of ivory, i, 178. 
 ecce, interj. (en, lo; -ce, demonstr. 
 
 suff.), lo ! behold I look! 2, 93, 
 
 1 12, 496. 
 edo, 3, or esse, edi, esus [ed-, 
 
 eaf]^, eat, devour, 2, 768. 
 edo, 3, -didi, -ditus (ex, out, forth) 
 
 [2 T>A-, put~\, put forth, bring 
 
 forth, bear, i, 436, T. 5; set 
 
 forth, give forth, utter, i, 637; 
 
 give out, proclaim, show, i, 761, 
 
 2, 43- 
 
 efEervesc5, 3, -ferbui, , inch. 
 
 (ox, out of ; ferveo, boil) [fvr-], 
 boil up, boil over ; shine forth, 
 glow, I, 71. 
 
 efficio, 3, -feci, -fectus (ex, out of ; 
 
 facio, make) [fac-], make out, 
 
 work out, bring to pass, make, 
 
 cause, I, 708. 
 effigies, ace. -em, f. (ex, from) 
 
 [fig-, handle^ that made from 
 
 {something) ; likeness, figure, 
 
 form, I, 83. 
 efflo, I, -avT, -atus (ex, out of; 116, 
 
 blow) [fla-], blow out, breathe 
 
 out, 2, 85. 
 effodio, 3, -fodl, -fossus [ex, out 
 
 of; fodio, dig), dig out, dig up^ 
 
 mine, i, 140. 
 effugio, 3, -fugi, (ex, from ; 
 
 f ugio , flee) [ F vg-] , fee from , es- 
 cape, 2, 132, T. 86. 
 effulgeo, 2, -SI (ex, out of; ful- 
 
 geo, shine) [flag-, fulg-], 
 
156 
 
 VOCABULARY. 
 
 shine forth, flash out, gleam, 2, 
 
 144. 
 effundo, 3, -fudi, -fusus (ex, out 
 
 of ; fundo, pour) [fvd-], pour 
 
 out, pour forth, i, 278,444, 570. 
 egeo, 2, -uT, , 7ieed, lack, i, 
 
 17; need, require, 2, 67. 
 ego, mei ; plu., nos, nostrum, 
 
 nostri, pers. pron., /, me, we, us, 
 
 I, 182, 187, 192, etc. 
 egredior, 3, -gressus, dep. (ex, 
 
 out of; gradior, walk) [grad-], 
 
 walk forth, go out, go away, go 
 
 up, ascend, 2, 136. 
 ei, inter]., oh! alas! i, 523. 
 eiect5, i, -avT, -atus, freq. (eicio, 
 
 cast out) [lAC-], cast out, throw 
 
 up, 2, 231. 
 electrum, -T, n. {rfX^KTpov), elec- 
 
 trum, made of gold and silver 
 
 mixed; amber, a fossil gum, 2, 
 
 365- 
 
 elementum, -1, n., simple sub- 
 stance, element, i, 29. 
 
 elido, 3, -lisl, -lisus (ex, out; laedo, 
 hurt by striking), strike out, 
 press out, divide, 1 , 466. 
 
 eligo, 3, -legi, -lectus (ex, out of; 
 lego, gather) [leg-, lig-], pick 
 out, choose, select, 2, 380, 498. 
 
 Elis, -idis (ace. Elin or Elidem), 
 F. ('HXts), Elis, western divi- 
 sion of the Peloponnesus, 2, 
 679. 
 
 eloquium, -I, n. (ex, out ; loquor, 
 speak), eloquence, T. 17. 
 
 eludo, 3, -lusT, -lusus (ex, out of ; 
 Indo, play) [lvd-], stop playing; 
 escape, avoid, elude, i, 692. 
 
 emendo, i, -avT, -atus (ex, out 
 of; mendum, fault), free from 
 fault ; correct, improve, amend, 
 T. 62. 
 
 emico, i, -cuT, -catus (ex, out ; 
 mico, dart to aitd fro), spring 
 forth, shoot up, i, 27 ; set forth, 
 
 _ V ''''^• 
 
 emitto, 3, -misi, -missus (ex, out ; 
 
 mitt5, send) [mit-], send out, 
 
 send forth, i, 264. 
 
 en, interj., lo ! behold! see! 2, 
 283, 296. 
 
 enim, conj. (postpositive), for, 
 indeed, in fact, i, 250, 530, 
 680, 2, 22, 301, 400, 766. 
 
 Enipeus, -1, M. (^vLireTus), Enipeus, 
 river of Thessaly, branch of 
 the Peneus, i, 579. 
 
 enitor, 3, -nixus or -nisus, dep. 
 (ex, forth ; nitor, strain, strug- 
 gle), struggle forth, moujit up, 
 2, 64 ; bring forth, bear, i, 
 670. 
 
 ensis, -is, m., two-edged sword, i, 
 
 99» i9i» 717. 
 
 enumero, i, -avi, -atus (ex, out; 
 numero, count), reckon up, re- 
 count, relate, describe, i, 215. 
 
 e5, ire, ivl or ii, iturus [i-, go'], 
 go, walk, ride, move, proceed, 
 enter, pass, i, iii, 138, 682, 
 etc. 
 
 eodem, adv. of place (old dat. of 
 idem), to the same place, i, 8. 
 
 Eous or Eous, -a, -um, adj. 
 ('E(i3os or 'H<?os), of dawn ; as 
 subst., M., Eous, Dawn, one of 
 the horses of the Sun, 2, 153. 
 
VOCABULARY. 
 
 157 
 
 Epa|>hus, -T, M. ("ETra^os), Epa- 
 phiis^ son of Jupiter and lo. 
 He was born in Egypt and re- 
 ceived divine honors. The 
 Greeks identified him with Apis 
 of the Egyptians, i, 748, 756. 
 
 Ephyre, -es, f. ('Y>(f>Tup'r}), Ephyre, 
 old name of Corinth, 2, 240. 
 
 Epimethis, -idis, f. (Eirifxyjeis), 
 Epimethis^ daughter of Epime- 
 theus (the brother of Prome- 
 theus), named Pyrrhd, wife 
 of DeucaUon, i, 390. 
 
 equa, -ae, f. (equus, horse) [2 
 AC-], mare, 2, 690. 
 
 eques, -itis, m. (equus, horse) [2 
 AC-], horseman, rider, T. 96 ; 
 knight, m,ember of the eques- 
 trian order, T. 8. 
 
 equidem, adv. (e, old inter j.; 
 quidem, indeed), indeed, truly, 
 assuredly, 2, '282. 
 
 equus, -1, M. [2 AC-, J7£////], horse, 
 steed, 2, 48, 64, 118, etc. 
 
 erectus, -a, -um, adj. (p. of 
 erigo, raise up) [reg-], up- 
 right, elevated, lofty, i, 86. 
 
 ergo, adv., therefore, accordingly, 
 
 _ then, I, 177, 434»2, 105. 
 
 Eridanus, -T, m. ('Hpi5aj/6s), Erid- 
 anus, a fabulous river of west- 
 ern Europe, later regarded as 
 the Po, 2, 324, 372. 
 
 erigo, 3, -rexi, -rectus (ex, from, 
 up; rego, make straight) 
 [reg-], raise up, i, 745. 
 
 Erinys, -yos, f. ('Epiz/iJs), a Fury, 
 goddess of revenge, fury, i, 
 241,725. 
 
 eripio, 3, -ripui, -reptus (ex, 
 from ; rapio, snatch) [rap-], 
 snatch from, wrest, take away, 
 
 1, 358» 53S, 665, 2, 299, 315, 
 483. 
 
 erro, i, -avi, -atus, wander, stray, 
 roam, 2, 490, 802. 
 
 error, -oris, m., wandering, i, 
 582, T. 109 ; going astray, mis- 
 take, 2, 79, T. 90 ; doubt, un- 
 certainty, 2, 39. 
 
 erubesc5, 3, -bul, , inch, (ex, 
 
 out of, forth ; rubesco, grow 
 red) [rvb-], grow red, blush, 
 feel ashamed, i, 755. 
 
 Erymanthis, -idis, f., adj., of 
 Erymanthus, Erymanthiaft, 2, 
 499. 
 
 Erymanthus, -T, m. (Epifiavdos), 
 Erymanthus, river of Arcadia, 
 
 2, 244 ; also a mountain chain 
 in Arcadia. 
 
 Eryx, -ycis,. m. ("E/ou^), Eryx, 
 mountain in the northwestern 
 part of Sicily, upon which was 
 a temple of Venus, 2, 221. 
 
 et, conj., and, i, 5, 15, 22, etc.; 
 and so, i, 367 ; in truth, in 
 fact, 2, 695, 703; also, I, 2, 
 38, 43, 54, etc. ; that is, name- 
 ly, especially, i, 21,2, 54, 63 ; 
 but, 2, 73 ; et . . . et, both . . . 
 and, I, 329, 613, 692. 
 
 etiam, adv. (et, too ; lam, now), 
 also, too, even, i, 109, 357, 635, 
 2, 57, 68 ; w. nunc, even now, 
 still, 2, 147. 
 
 etsi, conj. (et, even ; si, if), 
 though, although, 2, 322. 
 
158 
 
 VOCABULARY. 
 
 Euphrates, -is, m. (Evcppdrrjs), 
 Euphrates^ river of Babylonia, 
 2, 248. 
 
 Eurotas, -ae, m. (EiJ^curas), Euro- 
 tas, river of Laconia, flowing 
 by Sparta, 2, 247. 
 
 eurus, -T, M. (e5/oos), southeast 
 wind; east wind ^ 1,61,2, 160. 
 
 Euxinus, -a, -um, adj. (^t^etvos, 
 hospitable), Euxine ; w. mare, 
 Black Sea, T. 97. 
 
 evanesco, 3, -nui, , inch, (ex, 
 
 out ; vanesc5, pass azuay), van- 
 ish, pass away, disappear, 2, 
 
 eveho, 3, -vexl, -vectus (ex, 
 forth; veho, carry) [vag-, 
 VEH-], bear forth, lead out ; in 
 pass., be borne forth, proceed, 
 advance, 2, ']y 
 
 everto, 3, -ti, -sus (ex, out; 
 vert5, turn) [vert-], overturn, 
 overthrow, throw down, i, 231. 
 
 evinco, 3, -vIcT, -vTctus (ex, in- 
 tens. ; vinco, conquer) [vie-], 
 overcome, conquer, subdue, i, 
 685. 
 
 evolo, I, -avT, -atus (ex, out; 
 void, fly) [2 VOL-], fly out, fly 
 forth, fly away, i, 264. 
 
 evolvo, 3, -volvT, -volutus (ex, 
 out ; volvo, roll) [3 vol-], roll 
 out, unfold ; produce, develop, 
 I, 24. 
 
 ex or e, prep. w. abl., out of, 
 from, I, 468,615, 2, 229; of, 
 T. 34, I, 407, 2, 346 ; from, i, 
 144, 162, 186, 261, yy); from, 
 in, 2, 109, 227. 
 
 exanimis, -e, adj. (ex, out of; 
 anima, breath) [an-], lifeless, 
 
 exanimo, i, -avi, -atus (exani- 
 mus, lifeless) [an-], put out of 
 breath, exhaust, deprive of life, 
 kill, 2, 268. 
 
 exardesco, 3, -arsi, -arsus, inch, 
 (ex, out ; ardesco, take fire) 
 [3 AR-], blaze out, kindle, take 
 fire, I, 424; be inflamed, be 
 provoked, rage, i, 724. 
 
 excido, 3, -cidT, (ex, out of; 
 
 cado, fall) [cad-], fall out ; 
 lose, fail, 2, 328. 
 
 excieo and excio, 4, rarely 2, -ivi, 
 -itus and -itus (ex, out; cieo, 
 rouse) [ci-], rouse up, call forth, 
 excite, disturb, 2, 779. 
 
 excipio, 3, -cepT, -ceptus (ex, out 
 of; capi5, take) [cap-], take 
 out, except, 2, 60 ; take up, re- 
 ceive, I, 722, 2, 68, 324, 366. 
 
 exclamo, i, -avi, -atus (qtl, out ; 
 clamo, call) [i CAL-], call out, 
 cry out, exclaim, i, 651. 
 
 exclude, 3, -SI, -sus (ex, out; 
 claudo, shut) [clav-], shut out, 
 exclude, keep out, 2, 815. 
 
 excolo, 3, -colui, -cultus (ex, 
 intens. ; colo, till) [coL-], culti- 
 vate, refine, train, T. 15. 
 
 excuso, I, -avi, -atus (ex, out of; 
 * cause) [ I CAV-] , excuse, apolo- 
 gize for, 2, 397. 
 
 excutio, 3, -cussi, -cussus (ex, 
 out ; quatio, shake), shake out, 
 cast off, throw off, i, 155. 
 
 exemplum, -1, n. [em-, take'\, 
 
VOCABULARY. 
 
 159 
 
 sample^ specimen^ representa- 
 tive ^ I, 366. 
 exeo,-ire, -il, -itus (ex, out ; eo, go) 
 [i-], go outy withdraw^ depart^ 
 retire^ 2, 115 ; goforth^ rise, i, 
 
 343- 
 exerced, 2, -uT, -itus (ex, out; 
 
 arceo, inclose) [arc-], keep 
 
 from the inclosure, drive out; 
 
 keep busy, occupy, work, employ, 
 
 2, 287. 
 exhaurid, 4, -hausT, -haustus (ex, 
 
 out ; haurio, draw), draw out, 
 
 exhaust, empty, i, 443. 
 exigOy 3, -egi, -actus (ex, out; 
 
 ago, drive) [i ag-], drive out ; 
 
 pass, conclude, finish, complete, 
 
 I, 118, 406. 
 eximd, 3, -emi, -emptus (ex, 
 
 from ; emo, buy) [em-, take^ 
 
 take out, remove, i, 24. 
 exitium, -1, n. (ex, out) [i-, go'], 
 
 destruction, ruin, i, 146, 2, 290. 
 ex5sus, -a, -um, p. (ex, intens. ; 
 
 odi, hate), hating, detesting, i, 
 
 483. 
 
 (expallesco), 3, -luT, inch, (ex, in- 
 tens. ; pallesco, grow pale), 
 grow pale, turn pale, i, 543. 
 
 expello, 3, -pull, -pulsus (ex, out ; 
 pello, drive) [pel-, PVL-], drive 
 out, thrust out, eject, expel, 2, 
 
 3i3» 843- 
 experiens, -entis, adj. (p. of ex- 
 
 perior, try) [per-], experienced, 
 
 used to, I, 414. 
 experientia, -ae, f. (experiens, 
 
 experienced) [per-], trial, 
 
 proof, I, 225. 
 
 experior, 4, -partus, dep. (ex, 
 intens.) [per-, through], try, 
 test, prove, i, 222, 2, 392. 
 
 expers, -tis, adj. (ex, out of; pars, 
 part) [par-, VOK-, part, breed], 
 having no part in, not sharing 
 in, without, 2, 381 ; w. viri, 
 unmarried, i, 479. 
 
 expl5ro, i, -avT, -atus (ex, out; 
 pI6r5, cry, wail), cause to flow 
 forth, search out, examine, ex- 
 plore, 2, 403. 
 
 exsanguis, -e, adj. (ex, out of; 
 sanguis, blood), bloodless, life- 
 less, 2, 831. 
 
 exsequiae or exequiae, -arum, 
 F. [sec-, follow], funeral pro- 
 cession, funeral services, T. 
 122. 
 
 exsero, 3, -rui, -rtus (ex, out ; sero, 
 bind) [SER-], stretch out, thrust 
 out, 2, 271. 
 
 exsisto or existo, 3, -stiti, 
 
 (ex, out; sisto, make stand) 
 [STA-], stand out, emerge, ap- 
 pear, 2, 264. 
 
 exspatior (expat-), i, -atus (ex, 
 fro7n ; spatior, spread), wander 
 from the way, spread, i, 285, 
 2, 202. 
 
 exsterno, i, -avT, -atus, terrify 
 greatly , frighten, i, 641. 
 
 exstinctus, -a, -um, adj. (p. of 
 exstinguo, put out), dead, T. 
 
 85. 
 
 exstinguo or extinguo, 3, -nxT, 
 -nctus (ex, out ; stinguo, put 
 out), put out, extinguish, i, 721 ; 
 abolish, destroy, i, 201. 
 
160 
 
 VOCABULARY. 
 
 exst5 or ext5, i, , (ex, 
 
 out ; sto, stand) [sta-], stand 
 out^ project, protrude, tower, i, 
 ZV-^ 2, 355' 854. 
 
 exsul (exul), -ulis, m. or f. (ex, 
 forth) [i SAL-, leap'l, exile, T. 
 
 74- 
 extempl5, adv. {Q^,fro7n ; *tem- 
 pulum, dim. of tempus, time), 
 immediately, at once, forthwith, 
 
 I, 715* 11^' 
 extendo, 3, -tendi, -tentus or 
 
 -tensus (ex, out ; tendo, stretch) 
 
 [ten-], stretch out, extend, i, 
 
 43» 536, 663. 
 exterreo, 2, -ui, -itus (ex, intens. ; 
 
 terreo, frighten) [ter-], strike 
 
 with terror, terrify, frighten, i, 
 
 638. 
 extimesco, 3, -muT, , inch. 
 
 (ex, intens. ; * timesco, become 
 afraid) [tim-, stun^ fear 
 greatly, fear excessively, 2, 
 
 503- 
 
 extremus, -a, -um, adj., sup. 
 (*exter, on the outside), outer- 
 fnost, farthest ; last; w. luna, 
 in the last quarter, 2, 117 ; last 
 part of, farthest part of, 2, 254, 
 517 ; the end of, tip, 2, 767. 
 
 exululo, I, , -atus (ex, out ; 
 
 ululo, howl), cry out, howl, i, 
 
 exuo, 3, -uT, -utus, take off, put 
 
 off, I, 622. 
 exuro, 3, -ussi, -ustus, burtt up, 
 
 consume, 2, 792. 
 exuviae, -arum, f., that which 
 
 is stripped off, spoils, booty, skin 
 
 of animals, i, 476. 
 
 fabricator, -oris, m. (fabrico, 
 make) [fac-], framer, maker, 
 builder, i, 57. 
 
 fabrico, i, -avT, -atus (faber, 
 workman) [fac-], make, build, 
 construct, forge, i, 259. 
 
 fabula, -ae, f. [i fa-, shine, show'], 
 story, narration, tale, scandal, 
 T. 68. 
 
 fades, ace. -em, f., appearance, 
 figure, form , i, 160, 412, 421, 
 2, 13,523.850. 
 
 facinus, -oris, n. [fac-, make, 
 do], deed, act ; bad deed, out- 
 rage, crime, i, 242. 
 
 facio, 3, feci, factus [fac-, make. 
 
 do], pass., fio, fieri, make, i, 27, 
 
 56, 78, etc. ; 7nake, cause, i, 547 ; 
 
 do, perform, execute, i, 617, 2, 
 
 187, 356, etc. ; grant, suppose, 
 
 allow, 2, 290; become, i, 237, 
 
 739, 740, etc. 
 factum, -1, N. (p. of facio) [fac-], 
 
 deed, act, i, 164, 2, 693. 
 faex, faecis, f., sediment, dregs, 
 
 I, 68. 
 falcatus, -a, -um, adj. (falx, sickle) 
 
 [falc-, FLEC-], sickle-shapedy 
 
 curved, i, 717. 
 fallax, -acis, adj. [fal-, trip]y 
 
 deceitful, i, 391. 
 fallo, 3, fefellT, falsus [fal-, trip]. 
 
VOCABULARY. 
 
 161 
 
 cause to fall ; deceive^ cheats i, 
 491, 696, 698, T. 89. 
 falsus, -a, -um, adj. (p. of fallo, 
 deceive) [fal-], feigned^ pre- 
 tended, false^ I, 212, 754, 2, yj. 
 fama, -ae, f. [i vk-, shine, show], 
 fame, renown, reputation, re- 
 port, I, 445, 2, 268, T. 87, 122, 
 126, 131. 
 famulus, -T, M., servant, attendant, 
 
 T. loi. 
 fas (only nom. and ace. sing.), n. 
 [l FA-, shine, show'], divine 
 law, right, 2, 57, 767, T. 89. 
 fastigium, -I, n., top of a roof, 
 
 roof, I, 373» 2, 3- 
 fateor, 2, fassus, dep. [i fa-, 
 shine, show'], confess, admit, 
 acknowledge, 2, 389, 836. 
 fatidicus, -a, -um, adj. (fatum, 
 fate) [i FA-, shine, show] [dig-, 
 point], prophetic, i, 321. 
 fatlgo, I, -avi, -atus (ago, drive) 
 [2 FA-, yawn] [l AG-], weary, 
 tire, disturb, i, 573. 
 fatum, -1, N. (p. of (for), speak) 
 [i FA-, shine, show], prophetic 
 utterance, fate, destiny, i, 256, 
 358, 2, 156, etc. 
 fauces, -ium, f., throat, 2, 282. 
 Faunus, -1, m. [fav-, glow], 
 Faunus, an old king of La- 
 tinum, who was worshiped as 
 god of agriculture and of the 
 shepherds. He was later iden- 
 tified with the Greek god Pan. 
 In the plu., fauns, sylvan dei- 
 ties with horns, pointed ears, 
 and goats' feet, i, 193. 
 
 favilla, -ae, f. [fav-, glow], 
 
 glowing ashes, cinders, 2, 231, 
 
 284. 
 favor, -5ris, m. [fav-, glow], 
 
 favor, partiality, T. 131. 
 fax, facis, f., torch, firebrand, i, 
 
 493 J torch of love, i, 461. 
 fecundus, -a, -um, adj. [fev-, 
 
 breed], productive, fruitful, 
 
 rich, abundant, i, 419, 680 ; 
 
 with child, T. 75. 
 fel, fellis, isi.,gall, bile, 2, ^JJ. 
 felix, -icis, adj. [fev-, breed], 
 fruitful, fortunate, prosperous, 
 
 happy, 2, 809, T. 81,83. 
 femina, -ae, f., a woman, i, 351 ; 
 
 female sex, woman, i, 413 ; of 
 
 animals, cow, 2, 701. 
 femineus, -a, -um, adj. (femina, 
 
 woman), of a woman, i, 413. 
 fera, -ae, f. (ferus, wild) [2 
 
 FER-], wild animal, wild beast, 
 
 animal, i, 75, 216, 249, etc. 
 ferax, -acis, adj. [i fer-, bear], 
 
 fruitful, fertile, i, 314, 693. 
 fere, adv. [3 fer-, hold, fix], 
 
 quite, almost, about, 2, 497. 
 ferinus, -a, -um, adj. (fera, wild 
 
 aftimal) [2 F'ER-], of wild ani- 
 mals, wild, 2, 523. 
 ferio, 4, , [2 FER-, wild, 
 
 strike], strike, beat, T. 50. 
 feritas, -atis, f. (ferus, wild) [2 
 
 FER-], wildness, ferocity, i, 198, 
 
 239- 
 f ero, f erre, tuli, latus [ i fer-, bear] , 
 bear, carry, bring, i, 248, 380, 
 545, etc.; bear, lead, impel, i, 
 I, ^97, 581, etc.; bear, produce, 
 
162 
 
 VOCABULARY. 
 
 1, 109; bear^ suffer^ endure^ i, 
 360, 669, 753, etc. ; bear^ say, 
 tell, I, 152, 158, 756, 2, 331 ; 
 pass., be bor7ie, proceed, go, 2, 
 69, 164, 207, etc. 
 
 ferox, -ocis, adj. [2 fer-, wild'], 
 wild, fierce, headstrong, high- 
 spirited, I, 758. 
 
 ferrugS, -inis, f. (ferrum, iron), 
 iron-rust, dusky color, 2, 798. 
 
 ferrum, -T, n., iron, i, 127, 
 141. 
 
 fertilitas, -atis, f. (ieitiMs, fruit- 
 ful) [i Y^K-I, fruitfulness, fer- 
 tility, 2, 285. 
 
 ferus, -a, -um, adj. [2 fer-, wild\ 
 wild, fierce, savage, i, 185, 241, 
 
 2, 61. 
 
 ferveo, 2, , , and fervo, 
 
 3, , [FVR-, FERV-, 
 
 rage\ boil, be hot, glow, i, 228, 
 2, 229. 
 
 fervor, -oris, m. [fvr-, ferv-, 
 ragel, heat, i, 119, 2, 175. 
 
 fessus, -a, -um, adj. [2 YK-,yawn'\, 
 wearied, tired, i, 582. 
 
 festum, -1, N. (festus, festive), 
 holiday, T. 13. 
 
 festus, -a, -um, ^l^]., festive, joy- 
 ful, 2, 795. 
 
 fetus, -us, M. [fev-, breed\ bear- 
 ing, producing ; offspring, i , 
 433 ; A^^'A I, 104. 
 
 fictum, -T, N. (p. of fingo) [fig-, 
 handle^ falsehood, i, 771. 
 
 fides, gen. (usually) fide, F. [i 
 FID-, bind, trust\ faith, trust, 
 faithfulness, i, 90, 129. 
 
 fiducia, -ae, f. (cf. fidus, trust- 
 
 worthy) [i FID-], trust, confi- 
 dence, reliance, i, 356. ^ 
 
 fidus, -a, -um, adj. [i fid-, trust'], 
 trustworthy, faithful, true, i, 
 562, 2, 837. 
 
 figo, 3, fixl, fixus [fig-, handle, 
 fix], fix, fasten, set up, pierce, 
 transfix, i, 91, 297, 463, 472, 2, 
 204, 504. 
 
 figura, -ae^ f. [fig-, handle, fix], 
 form, figure, shape, i, 88, 436, 
 547, 2, 698. 
 
 filia, -ae, f. [fe-, breed], daugh- 
 ter, I, 481, 2, 844, T. 75. 
 
 filius, -1, M. [fe-, breed], son, i, 
 148, 463. 
 
 findo, 3, ,fissus [2 Y\Ti-, split], 
 
 split, cleave, divide, 2, 211, 871. 
 
 fingo, 3, finxi, fictus [fig-, handle, 
 fix], touch ; form, shape, fash- 
 ion, I, 83 ; invent, suppose, 2, 
 
 74. 
 finio, 4, -ivi, -Ttus (finis, border) 
 
 [2 FID-], bound, end, finish, 
 
 cease, i, 548, 566, 661, 735, 2, 
 
 103. 
 finis, -is, m. (often f. in sing.) 
 
 [2 FID-, Split], boundary, border, 
 
 2, 131; end, cessation, i, 733, 
 
 2, 387, 502. 
 finitimus, -a, -um, adj. (finis, 
 
 boundary) [2 FID-], bordering 
 
 on, neighboring, adjoining, T. 
 
 III. 
 fi5, fieri, pass, of facio ; see facio. 
 firmo, I, -avi, -atus {fixmus, fir??i) 
 
 [3 FER-], make firm, strengthen, 
 
 secure, i, 715. 
 firmus, -a, -um, adj. [3 fer-, hold. 
 
VOCABULARY. 
 
 163 
 
 fix\ firm ^ strongs enduring^ 2, 
 
 403 ; constant^ lasting, T. 72. 
 fistula, -ae, f., pipe; reed-pipe, 
 
 shepherd'' s pipe, i, 688, 2, 682, 
 
 683. 
 flagro, I, -a VI, -atus [flag-, d/aze], 
 
 fiame, blaze, glow, 2, 104. 
 flamen, -inis, n. (flo, blow) [fla-], 
 
 blowing, wind, breeze, blast, i, 
 
 59, 263, 528, 2, 875- 
 flamma, -ae, f. (for *flagma) 
 
 [flag-, blaze'], fiame, blaze, fire, 
 
 1, 255, 2, 2, 123, etc, fire, light- 
 ning, I, 230; heat, I, 51 ; fig., 
 fiame, fire of love, i, 495. 
 
 flammifer, -fera, -ferum, adj. 
 (flamma, flame) [flag-] [i 
 P'ER-, bear] ,flam e-bearing, fiery, 
 
 2, 155- 
 
 flavus, -a, -um, adj. \Y\.h.Q-, blaze], 
 yellow, 1, 112, 2, 245; blond, 
 fair, A. 35. 
 
 flecto, 3, flexi, flexus [flag-, flec-, 
 crook], bend, turn, curve, i, 372, 
 409, 455, etc. ; bend, move, soften, 
 assuage, i, 378, 2, 482. 
 
 fleo, 2, flevi, fletus [flv-, fiow], 
 weep, shed tears, i, 367, 2, 676, 
 
 T.79- 
 
 fletus, -us, M. [flv-, fiow], weep- 
 ing, I, 584. 
 
 flexus, -a, -um, adj. (p. of flecto) 
 [flag-, FLEC-, crook], bent, 
 curved, i, 98. 
 
 florens, -entis, adj. (p. of floreo, 
 bloom) [fla-, Yl.o-, blow], bloom- 
 ing, fiowery, 2, 27, 791. 
 
 flos, -oris, M. [fla-, FLO-, blow], 
 fiower^ blossom, i, 108, 2, 861. 
 
 fluctus, -us, M. [yuv-, fiow], wave, 
 billow, I, 134, 3 10' 334- 
 
 flumen, -inis, n. [fla-, fiow], a 
 fiowing, fiowing water, streatn, 
 river, i, 39, in, 188, etc.; 
 personified, river ^ river-god, i, 
 
 577- 
 
 fliiinineus, -a, -um, adj. (flumen, 
 river) [flv-], belonging to a 
 river, river, 2, 253. 
 
 fluo, 3, fluxi, fiuxus [flv-, fiow], 
 fiow, 2, 251, 364; fiow, run 
 down, drip, i, 266. 
 
 fluvialis, -e, adj. (fluvius, river) 
 [flv-], of a river, river, i, 82. 
 
 foedus, -a, -um, adj. (for *fovidus) 
 [fav-, YQN-, glow, smoke], foul, 
 infamous, loathsom^e, abomi- 
 nable, I, 165. 
 
 fons, fontis, m. [yy-, pour], spring, 
 fountain, i, 38, 281, 2, 218, etc. 
 
 fore, forem, see sum. 
 
 foris, -is, F., door, gate, folding 
 door, I, 563, 2, 18, 113, etc. 
 
 forma, -ae, ¥., form, figure, shape, 
 appearance, i, i, 17, 73, etc.; 
 fine form, beauty, i, 489, 530. 
 
 formidabilis, -e, adj. (formido, 
 fear), frightful, terrible, for- 
 midable, 2, 174, 857. 
 
 formido, -inis, f., fear, dread, 
 fright, terror, 2, 66, 200. 
 
 formo, I, -avi, -atus, form, fash- 
 ion, prepare, I, 364. 
 
 formosus, -a, -um, adj. (forma, 
 form.), finely formed, handsome, 
 beautiful, i, 612, 2, 851, 859. 
 
 fornax, -acis, y., furnace, oven, 2, 
 229. 
 
16+ 
 
 VOCABULARY. 
 
 fors, (fortis), (only in nom. and 
 
 abl.), F. [i FER-, dear], chance, 
 
 luck, I, 297, 453, 2, 257. 
 forsitan, adv. (for fors sit an), 
 
 perchance, perhaps, it may be 
 
 that, 2, 76. 
 forte, adv. (abl. of fors, chance) 
 
 [i FER-], by chance, i, 254, 493, 
 
 2, 692. 
 fortis, -e, adj. [3 fer-, hold], 
 
 strong, powerful, brave, bold, i , 
 
 456; valiant, maftly, T. 18. 
 fortiter, adv. (fortis, strong) 
 
 [3 FER-], strongly, vigorously, 
 
 boldly, 2, 127. 
 fortiina, -ae, f. (fors, chance) 
 
 [l FER-], chance, luck, fate, 
 
 fortune, 2, 140, T. 8. 
 fortiinatus, -a, -um, adj. (p. of 
 
 fortune, make happy) [i FER-], 
 
 happy , fortunate, 2, 803. 
 forum, -1, N., market place, public 
 
 square, forum ; the Roman 
 
 forum, T. 18, 88. 
 fossa, -ae, F., ditch, trench, i, 97. 
 foveo, 2, fovT, fotus [fav-, fov-, 
 
 glow], warm, cherish, 2, 339, 
 
 T.41. 
 fragor, -oris, M. [frag-, break], 
 
 crash, peal, i, 269. 
 (fragum, -1), n., strawberry ; only 
 
 plu., I, 104. 
 frang5, 3, fregi, fractiis [frag-, 
 
 break], break, shiver, shatter, 
 
 2, 317. 
 frater, -tris, m., brother, i, 60, 
 
 145, 275, etc. 
 fraternus, -a, -um, adj. (frater, 
 
 brother), of a brother^ 2, 208, 
 
 fraus, fraudis, f., cheating, deceit, 
 
 fraud, I, 130. 
 fremo, 3, -ui, , roar, rage, 
 
 complain, i, 244. 
 frenum, -1, n., plu., freni, -orum 
 
 M., or frena, -orum, N. [3 fer-, 
 
 hold], bridle, bit, rein, 2, 121, 
 
 186, 191, 316. 
 f return, -T, n., strait, channel, sea, 
 
 1, 36, 2, 298. 
 
 frigidus, -a, -um, adj.,^^///, i, 19. 
 frigus, -oris, N., cold, i, 51, 56, 
 
 2, 174, etc. 
 
 frons, -ondis, f., leafy branch, 
 foliage, garland of leaves, leafy 
 crown, leaves, i, 44, 347, 449, 
 etc. 
 
 frons, -ontis, f., forehead, brow, 
 fro7tt, I, 173, 267, 2, 276, 476, 
 
 857. 
 
 fructus, -us, M. (fruor, enjoy), en- 
 Joyment, produce, fruit, reward^ 
 
 2, 285. 
 
 fruor, 3, fructus, dep., enjoy, 
 delight in, i, 487, 585, 2, 779. 
 
 frustra, adv., i7i vain, i, 233, 2, 
 172, 676. 
 
 frutex, -icis, m., shrub, under- 
 b7'ush, bush, i, 122. 
 
 (frux), frugis, f., fruit, crop, i, 
 109, 2, 288. 
 
 fuga, -ae, f. \v\g-, flee], flight, i, 
 511, 530, 544; exile, banish- 
 ment, T. 90, 102. 
 
 fugax, -acis, adj. [fvg-, flee], 
 fleeing, fleet, swift, i, 442, 541 ; 
 shunning, avoiding, T. 38. 
 
 fugio, 3, fugi, [fvg-, flee], 
 
 flee, jiee away, i, 129, 232,. ^02, 
 
VOCABULARY. 
 
 165 
 
 etc. ; flee from, shun, avoid, i, 
 474, 506, 515, 526; flee, depart, 
 disappear, i, 739; flee, be in 
 exile, T. 63. 
 
 fugo, I, -a VI, -atus [fvg-, flee'], 
 cause to flee, put to flight, i , 
 263, 469, 47i» 2, 144. 
 
 fulgeo, 2, fulsi, [flag-, 
 
 FVLG-, blaze'], gleam, glitter, 
 shine, i, 470, 2, 17, 509. 
 
 fulmen, -inis, n. [flag-, fvlg-, 
 blaze], lightning flash, thunder- 
 bolt, I, 56, 155, 197, etc.; thun- 
 derbolt, destructive power, i, 
 
 305- 
 fulvus, -a, -um, adj. [flag-, 
 FVLG-, blaze'], deep yellow, yellow, 
 I, 115, 2, 865 ; tawny, i, 304. 
 
 fumo, I, , (fumus, 
 
 smoke) [fav-, fv-, glow, smoke], 
 smoke, 2, 209, 242, 295, 324, 
 
 325- 
 fumus, -1, M. [fav-, FV-, glow, 
 
 smoke], smoke, vapor, i, 571, 
 
 2, 232. 
 fundo, 3, fudi, fusus [fv-, fvd-, 
 
 pour], pour, pottr forth, i, 269. 
 
 funestus, -a, -um, adj. (funus, 
 
 funeral) [fav-], deadly, fatal, 
 
 destructive, 2, 88. 
 fungor, 3, functus, dep., perform, 
 
 discharge, do, 2, 480. 
 furtim, adv. (furtum, theft) [i 
 
 FER-], secretly, furtively, T. 20. 
 furtum, -1, N. [i FER-, bear], 
 
 theft, I, 623, 2, 687, 696, 700. 
 
 galea, -ae, f., helmet, i, 99. 
 Gallicus, -a, -um, adj., Gallic, i, 
 
 533- 
 Gallus, -1, M., C. Cornelius Cal- 
 lus, a poet, T. 53. 
 Ganges, -is, m. (rd7777s), Canges, 
 
 a river of India, 2, 249. 
 gaudeo, 2, gavisus, rejoice, be 
 
 glad, I, 235, 476, 2, 152. 
 gelidus, -a, -um, adj., cold, icy 
 
 cold, cool, I, 217, 376, 689, 2, 
 
 171, 200, T. 3. 
 gemino, i, -avi, -atus (geminus, 
 
 twin-born), double, 2, 220, 702, 
 
 T.3'. 
 geminus, -a, -um, adj., twin-born, 
 double, twofold, 2, 195. 
 
 gemitus, -us, m. (gemo, groan), 
 groan, sigh, complaint, i, 732. 
 
 gemma, -ae, f., gem, precious 
 stone, jewel, 2, 109, 856 ; eye (in 
 the tail of the peacock), i, 
 
 723. 
 gemo, 3, -ui, , groan, pant, 
 
 sigh, I, 124, 651, 2, 807. 
 gener, -erl, m. [gen-, beget], 
 
 daughter's husband, son-in-law, 
 
 I, 145, 481, 659. 
 genetrix, -icis, f. [gen-, beget], 
 
 parent, mother, i, 757. 
 genitor, -oris, m. [gen-, beget], 
 
 begetter, parent, father, i, 486, 
 
 517, 754, etc. 
 gens, gentis, F. [gen-, beget]. 
 
166 
 
 VOCABULARY. 
 
 race^ nation, people, i, lOO, 
 
 226, 2, 215. 
 genu, -us, N. (76^), knee, i, 730, 
 
 2, 180, 823. 
 genus, -eris, n. [gen-, beget\ 
 
 birth, descent, origin, noble 
 
 birth, I, 352, 620, 761 ; race, 
 
 stock, I, 188, 203, 246, etc. 
 germana, -ae, f. (cf. germen, 
 
 sprout), own sister, 2, 803. 
 gero, 3, gessT, gestus [ges-, 
 
 carry], bear, wear, carry, sus- 
 tain, I, 565, 2, 15, 28. 
 gestamen, -inis, n. (gesto, bear) 
 
 [ges-], load, burden ; weapons, 
 
 arms, i, 457. 
 gesto, I, -a VI, -atus, freq. (gero, 
 
 bear) [ges-], bear, carry, wear, 
 
 2, 366. 
 Getae, -arum, m. (F^rai), Getae, 
 
 a people in Thrace, by the 
 
 Danube, T. no. 
 Gigas, -antis, m. (7^70$), giant, 
 
 son of Tartarus and Earth, i, 
 
 152. 
 glgno, 3, genui, genitus [gen-, 
 
 beget], bring forth, bear, beget, 
 
 1, 439»6i5, 748, etc. 
 glacialis, -e, adj. (glacies, ice), 
 
 icy, 2, 30, 173. 
 glacies, ace. -em, f., ice, i, 120, 
 
 2, 808. 
 
 glaeba (gleba), -ae, f., clod, i, 425. 
 
 glans, glandis, f., acorn, i, 106. 
 
 glomer5, i, -avl, -atus (glomus, 
 ball), roll into a ball, roll to- 
 gether, collect, I, 35. 
 
 gloria, -ae, f., glory, renown, i, 
 465. 
 
 gracilis, -e, adj., slender, slight, 
 
 1, 299, T. 86. 
 
 gradior, 3, gressus, dep. (gradus, 
 step) [grad-], walk, go, pro- 
 ceed, I, 775, 2, 80. 
 
 gradus, -us, m. [grad-, walk], 
 ^^^P^ I, 375 ; per gradus, step 
 by step, gradually, 2, 354. 
 
 gramen, -inis, n., grass, i, 299, 
 633* 2, 407,841. 
 
 grandis, -e, adj., large, great, 
 weighty, I, 29, T. 43. 
 
 grates, plu. (no gen.), f., thatiks, 
 
 2, 152, T. 132. 
 
 gratia, -ae, f. (gratus, dear), 
 favor, love, regard, friendship, 
 thanks, I, 145, 2, 293, 693, T. 
 117. 
 
 grator, i, -atus, dep. (gratus, 
 dear), wish joy, congratulate, 
 rejoice with, i, 578. 
 
 gratus, -a,'-um, adj., dear, pleas- 
 ing, acceptable, i, 204. 
 
 gravidus, -a, -um, adj., heavy, 
 full, loaded, i , no. 
 
 gravis, -e, adj., heavy, hard, 
 harsh, severe, i, 224, 266, 443, 
 548, 57 1, 2, 306. 
 
 gravitas, -atis, f. (gravis, heavy), 
 weight, I, 30, d'j, 2, 162, 821 ; 
 weight, dignity, i, 207, 2, 
 
 847. 
 grex, gregis, m., flock, herd, 
 
 drove, i, 513, 660, 2, 690. 
 gurges, -itis, m., surge, billow, 
 
 deep, waters, sea, i, 290, 2, 
 
 528. 
 
 gutta, -ae, f., drop, 2, 360. 
 guttur, -uris, N., throat, 2, 484. 
 
VOCABULARY. 
 
 167 
 
 H 
 
 habena, -ae, f. [hab-, have\ 
 holder^ rein; plu., reins^ i, 
 280, 2, 87, 151, 169, 390. 
 
 habeo, 2, -ui, -itus [hab-, have\ 
 have, possess, i, 20, 131, 169, 
 etc. ; have, hold, bear, contain, 
 I, 68, 558, 633, 2, 8 ; have, 
 show, I, 291, 2, 858; fas 
 habere, hold as right, 2, "](f]' 
 
 habitabilis, -e, adj. (habito, 
 dwelt) [hab-], able to be in- 
 habited, habitable, i, 49. 
 
 habito, I, -avi, -atus, freq. 
 (habeo, have) [hab-], dwell, 
 live in, inhabit, i, 74, 173, 195. 
 
 hac, adv. (f. abl. of hie, this ; sc. 
 via), this way, here, there, i, 
 170, 2, 133, 204. 
 
 Haemonia (Aem-), -ae, f. (Atyuo- 
 vla), Haemonia, old name for 
 Thessaly, i, 568. 
 
 Haemonius, -a, -um, adj., Hae- 
 monian,Thessalian, 2, 81. 
 
 Haemus (Aem-) or Haemos, -T, 
 M. (A?/>tos), Haemus, a moun- 
 tain range of Thrace, 2, 219. 
 
 haere5, 2, haesi, haesurus [haes-, 
 sticky hang, cling, i, 105, 485 ; 
 be fast, remain fixed, i , 551. 
 
 hamadryas, -adis, f. (dfiadpvds), 
 wood-nymph, dryad, i, 690. 
 
 hamatus, -a, -um, adj. (hamus, 
 hook), provided with a hook, 
 hooked, curved, 2, 799. 
 
 harena (arena), -ae, f., sand, 2, 
 262, 865. 
 
 harenosus (aren-), -a, -um, adj. ^ 
 (harena, sand), full of sand, 
 sandy, i, 702. 
 
 harundo (arun-), -inis, f., reed, i, 
 707 ; reed-pipe, made from 
 reeds of different lengths 
 joined together, i, 684 ; arrow- 
 shaft, arrow, i, 471. 
 
 hasta, -ae, f., staff, rod, spear, 2, 
 786. 
 
 haud (haul), adv., not even, not, 
 I, 176,2,34, 785- 
 
 Hebrus, -T, m. ("EjSpos), Hebrus, 
 a river of Thrace, 2, 257. 
 
 Heliades, -um, f. ('HXidSes), Heli- 
 ades, daughters of the sun-god, 
 Helios, who were changed to 
 poplar-trees, 2, 340. 
 
 Helicon, -onis, m. ('EXikwx/), Heli- 
 con, mountain of Boeotia, sa- 
 cred to the Muses, 2, 219, T. 23, 
 120. 
 
 herba, -ae, f., herb, grass, i, 522, 
 523, 632, etc. 
 
 herbosus, -a, -um, adj. (herba, 
 grass), full of grass, rich in 
 grass, grassy, 2, 689. 
 
 heres, -edis, m. and f., heir, T. 7. 
 
 heros, -ois, m. (^pws), hero, son of 
 a god, demigod, 2, 676. 
 
 herous, -a, -um, adj. (iipGjos), he- 
 roic, epic, T. 47. 
 
 Herse, -es, f. ("E/oo-t;), Herse, 
 daughter of Cecrops, 2, 809. 
 
 Hesperius, -a, -um, adj., Hespe- 
 rian, western, 2, 142, 258, 325. 
 
168 
 
 VOCABULARY. 
 
 hiC, haec, hoc, gen., huius, de- 
 monstr. pron., this^ these, the 
 foregoing, the aforesaid, i, 21, 
 29, 52, etc.; this, the followi^tg, 
 
 1, 208, 503, etc. ; this, here, i, 
 574 ; this present, i, 356 ; this 
 . , . that, the one . . . the other, 
 hoc . . . illud, I, 469, hie . . . 
 alter, i, 293, ille . . . hie, i, 
 296. 
 
 hie, adv., in this place, here, i, 
 
 318, 513, 2, 327. 
 hiems (hiemps), -emis, f., wiit- 
 
 ter, I, 117 ; personified, 2, 30; 
 
 by meton., cold, 2, 827. 
 hinc, 2id\.,from this place, hence, 
 
 2, 817; on that side . . . on this, 
 mine . . . hine, i, 619; here- 
 upon, next, I, 218, 269. 
 
 hinnitus, -us, m., neighing, 2, 154. 
 
 hirsiitus, -a, -um, adj., rough, 
 ^^aggy^ 2, 30. 
 
 hisco, 3, , , inch, (hio, 
 
 open), open, yawn, i, 545. 
 
 Hister, -tri (Ister), m. ("lo-rpos), 
 Hister, lower part of the Dan- 
 ube, 2, 249, T. 119. 
 
 homo, -inis, m. and f., human be- 
 ing, man, i, 78, 85, 88, etc. 
 
 honoro, i, -avl, -atus (honos, 
 honor), honor, 2, 515. 
 
 honos or honor, -oris, m., honor, 
 esteefn, praise, distinction, i, 
 194, 2, 99, 387, A. 40; public 
 honor, office, T. 't^'}^ ; m.ark of 
 honor, reward, prize, i, 449, 
 565, 2, 285.^ 
 
 hora, -ae, f. (alpa), hour ; personi- 
 fied, plu., the HourSf daughters 
 
 of Jupiter and Themis, attend- 
 ants of the sun, 2, 26, 118. 
 
 Horatius, -i, m., Q. Horatius Flac- 
 cus, the poet Horace, T. 49. 
 
 horrendus, -a, -um, adj. (p. of 
 horreo, bristle) [hors-], dread- 
 fid, fearful, horrible, i, 216. 
 
 horreo, 2, -uT, [hors-, bris- 
 
 tlel, bristle ; shudder at, tremble 
 at, 2, 494. 
 
 horresco, 3, horruT, , inch. 
 
 (horreo, bristle) [hors-], bristle 
 up, grozv rough, 2, 478. 
 
 horridus, -a, -um, adj. [hors-, 
 bpstlel, bristling, rough, rude, 
 wild, uncouth, i, 514; terrible, 
 frightful, horrid, i, 126. 
 
 horrifer, -fera, -ferum, adj. (hor- 
 ror, shaking) [hors-, i fer-, 
 bear~\, bringing shaking, caus- 
 ing terror, horrible, i, 65, 725. 
 
 hortamen, -inis, n. (hortor, urge)^ 
 urging, exhortation, i, 277. 
 
 hospes, -itis, M. (rarely f.), host, 
 guest, I, 144; stranger, 2, 692, 
 695. 
 
 hostis, -is, M. and f., stranger ; 
 public enemy, foe, enemy, i, 
 185, 458, 504, 507. 
 
 hiic, adv., to this place, hither, 2, 
 
 357, 513, 765- 
 hiimanus, -a, -um, adj. (homo, 
 
 man), of man, human, i, 55, 
 
 203, 213, 246, 2, 289. 
 humus, -T, f., ground, earth, i, 
 
 136, 138, 345, zi^^ 2, 477> 
 
 771. 
 Hymen, ('T/utJi'), Hymeft, 
 
 god of marriage, i, 480. 
 
VOCABULARY. 
 
 169 
 
 I 
 
 iaceo, 2, -cul, [iac-, throTvl, 
 
 lie^ 2, 201, 316; lie conquered^ 
 overthrown^ destroyed, i, 149, 
 156, 273; lie dead, i, 720; lie, 
 be situated, i, 338, 2, 179- 
 
 iacio, 3, ieci, iactus [iac-, throw], 
 throw, hurl, i, 394. 
 
 iacto, I, -a VI, -atus, freq. (iacio, 
 throw) [iac-], throw, hurl, i, 
 383, 387, 2, 308; throw about, 
 utter, waste, 2, 816; raise up, 
 
 2, 835. 
 iactiira, -ae, f. [iac-, throw], 
 
 throwing, away, loss, i, 246. 
 iactus, -us, M. [iac-, throw], 
 
 throwing, throw, i, 413. 
 iaculor, i, -atus (iaculum, dart) 
 
 [iac-], hurl, cast, 2, 61. 
 iam, adv., now, i, 11 1, 2, 363; 
 
 already, i, 141, 253, 291, etc.; 
 
 with neg., no longer, 2, 231. 
 iambus, -1, m. (ta/jL^os), iambic 
 
 foot, iambic poem, T. 47. 
 iamdiiduin, adv. (iam, now ; du- 
 
 dum, a while ago), long since, 2, 
 
 _843- 
 
 ianua, -ae, f., door, entrance, gate, 
 I, 662. 
 
 iapetus, -1, M. ('Ia7reT6s), lapetus, 
 a Titan, father of Prometheus, 
 I, 82. 
 
 ibi or ibi, adv., in that place, 
 there, i, 300, 316, 707. 
 
 Ida, -ae, or Ide, -es, f. (''ISa,''!^??), 
 Ida, a mountain in Crete, also 
 a mountain in Phrygia, south- 
 east of Troy, 2, 218. 
 
 Ide, see Ida. 
 
 idem, eadem, idem, demonstr. 
 pron., the same, i, 47, 238, 239, 
 etc.; likewise, also, i, 562. 
 
 ideo, adv., on that account, there- 
 fore, I, 515. 
 
 ieiunium, -T, n. i^hmmis, hungry), 
 fast, fasting, i, 312. 
 
 igitur, conj., then, therefore, T. 
 129. 
 
 ignarus, -a, -um, adj. (in-, not ; 
 gnarus, knowing) [gna-], igno- 
 rant, unacquainted with, 2, lOO, 
 156, 191, 496 ; in my ignorance, 
 
 1, 658; ignora7tt, blind, i, 453. 
 ignavus, -a, -um, adj. (in-, not; 
 
 (gnavus) navus, busy) [gna-], 
 
 lazy, inactive, sluggish, 2, 763, 
 
 821. 
 igneus, -a, -um, adj. (ignis, yfr^), 
 
 of fire, fiery, i, 26. 
 ignifer, -era, -erum, adj. (ignis, 
 fire) [i FER-, bear], fire-bearing, 
 fiery, 2, 59. 
 ignipes, -pedis, adj. (ignis, yfr^; 
 
 •^QSjfoot) [fed-], fiery-footed, 2, 
 
 392. ^ 
 ignis, -is, M.,fire, the element, i, 
 53» 432 ; fire, i, 229, 374, 2, 
 119, etc, fire, lightning, i, 254, 
 
 2, 281, 313, etc.; fire, funeral 
 pyre, A. 41; sun's heat rays, i, 
 417, 778 ', fiery productio7i, poem, 
 T. 45 ; fiame of love, T. d-]. 
 
 ignoro, i, -avi, -atus (* ignorus, 
 ignorant) [gna-, GNO-], not to 
 know, be ignorant, i, 642. 
 
170 
 
 VOCABULARY. 
 
 ignotus, -a, -um, adj. (in-, not; 
 (g)n6tus, known) [gna-, gno-], 
 unknown, strange, i, 88, 134, 
 2, 203. 
 
 ilex, -icis, f., oak-tree, holm-oak^ 
 I, 112. 
 
 iliac, adv. (f. abl. of illic ; sc. via), 
 on that way, i, 2. 
 
 ille, ilia, illud, gen., illius, de- 
 monstr. pron. (of the third 
 person), that, i, 32, 70, 79, etc. ; 
 he, she, it, i, 28, 46, 58, etc.; 
 this . . . that, the one . . . the 
 other, hoc . . . illud, i, 469, ille 
 . . . hie, I, 295. 
 
 illic, adv. (cf. ille, that), in that 
 place, there, i, 15, 54, 294, etc.; 
 in one place . . . in another 
 place, there . . . there, illic . . . 
 Ulic, 2, 316. 
 
 illinc, adv. (cf. ille, that), from 
 that side ; on that side, in oppo- 
 sition to hinc, I, 618. 
 
 illiic, adv. (cf. ille, that), to that 
 place, thither, i, 577, 2, 357. 
 
 imag5, -inis, f. (cf. imitor, i?nitate), 
 likeness, representation, appear- 
 ance, form, I, 87, 213, 239, etc. 
 
 imber, -bris, m., rain, shower, 2, 
 310. 
 
 imitor, i, -atus, freq., imitate, 
 resemble, 2, 2. 
 
 (immadesco), 3, -dui, , inch. 
 
 (madesco, become wet) [mad-], 
 become wet, only perf., i, 158. 
 
 immanis (inm-), -e, adj. (in-, not) 
 [i MA-, MAN-, measure'], mon- 
 strous, immense, huge, 2, 10. 
 
 immedicabilis (inm-), -e, adj. 
 
 (in-, not ; medicabilis, curable), 
 incurable, i, 190, 2, 825. 
 
 immensus (inm-), -a, -um, adj. 
 (in-, 7iot ; mensus, p. of metier, 
 measure) [i ma-, man-], im- 
 measurable, immense, vast, 
 boundless, i, 38, 309, 728, etc. 
 
 immineo (inm-), 2, , 
 
 (in, on) [2 MAN-, invii-, project], 
 project over, hang over, i, 52, 2, 
 7 ; be near, i, 542; seek after, 
 eager for, i, 146. 
 
 immitto (inm-), 3, -isT, -issus (in, 
 on; mitto, send) [mix-], settd 
 in ; send upon, let loose, i, 280. 
 
 immotus (inm-), -a, -um, adj. (in-, 
 not ; motus, P. of moved, move) 
 [mov-], un7?ioz>ed, immovable, 2, 
 502. 
 
 immiinis (inm-), -e, adj. (in-, 
 not; munus, service) [mv-], 
 free from service, untilled, i, 
 
 lOI. 
 
 impatiens (inp-), -entis, adj. (in-, 
 not; patiens, p. of patior, 
 suffer), intolerant, impatient, i, 
 
 479- 
 
 impedio (inp-), 4, -Tvi, -itus (in, 
 in; T^eSffoot) [fy.b-'], entangle, 
 encircle, bind, 2, 868 ; hinder, 
 check, impede, i, 703. 
 
 impello (inp-), 3, -pull, -pulsus 
 (in, on ; pello, strike) [pel-], 
 strike against ; set in motion, 
 move, impel, i, 529. 
 
 impensus (inp-), -a, -um, adj. 
 (p. of impends, weigh out) 
 [PAND-], ample, great, vehe- 
 ment, 2, 405. 
 
VOCABULARY. 
 
 171 
 
 imperfectus (inp-), -a, -um, adj. 
 (in-, not ; perfectus, P. of per- 
 ^zvby finish) [fac-], unfinished^ 
 incomplete^ immature^ i, 427, 
 526. 
 
 imperium (inp-), -T, n. (cf. impero, 
 command) f command, order; 
 dominion, realm, 2, 371. 
 
 impero (inp-), i, -avl, -atus, com- 
 mafid, order ; with inf., 2, 118; 
 
 ' with subj., I, 670 ; be master of, 
 rule, control, 2, 170. 
 
 impetus (inp-), -us, m. (in, against) 
 \yYr£-, fiy^ attack ; rapid motion, 
 impetus, force, 2, 73, i, 581 ; im- 
 pulse, ardor, passion, 2, 203, 356. 
 
 impiger (inp-), -gra, -grum, adj. 
 (in-, not; piger, indolent) 
 [PAC-], not indolent, active, 
 quick, I, 467, 779. 
 
 impius (inp-), -a, -um, adj. (in-, 
 not ; pius, dutiful), undutiful, 
 unpat7'iotic, wicked, i, 200. 
 
 impleo (inp-), 2, -evT, -etus (in, 
 in, up) [PLE-, yf//], fill up, 
 make full, fill, i, 723, 2, 155, 
 344» 372, 799;A^A discharge, 
 I, 245. 
 
 implico (inp-), i, -avi or -uT, 
 -atus or -itus (in, on) [plec-, 
 braid, fold\ entwine, encircle, 
 clasp, I, 762. 
 
 impluo (inp-), 3, , (in, 
 
 on; pluo, rain), rain upon, i, 
 
 573- 
 imp5no (inp-), 3, -posuT, -positus 
 (in, on ; p5no, put), place upon, 
 place, set, i, d^, 230, 2, 17, 
 etc. ; impose, infiict, 2, 522. 
 
 imprimo (inp-), 3, -press!, -pres- 
 sus (in, on ; premo, press) 
 [PREM-], press upon, press 
 against, 2, 786. 
 
 imputo (inp-), i, -avi, -atus (in, 
 to; puto, think), attribute, 
 charge, ascribe, impute, 2, 400. 
 
 imus, see inferus. 
 
 in, prep. w. ace. and abl. : {a) w. 
 ace. (of motion), into, i, 41, 95, 
 113, etc. ; into, to, of change to 
 another cojidition, i, i, 33, 35, 
 etc. ; on, upon, i, 231, 2, 312 ; 
 upon, between, 2, 363 ; (wer, i, 
 "J"] ; against, i, 235 ; about, con- 
 cerning, I, 148; for, I, 720, 
 735» 2, 48 ; in latum, in 
 breadth, i, ■T^'ifi ; in adversum, 
 in opposition, 2, 72 ; (b) w. 
 abl. (of rest), in, i, 6, 12, 18, 
 etc. ; on, upon, i, 27, 105, 133, 
 etc.; among, i, 426, 2, 495; 
 in the case of, i, 442. 
 
 inachides, -ae, m., hiachides, de- 
 scendant of Inachus, Epaphus, 
 
 1,753- 
 
 Inachis, -idis, adj., of Inachus, 
 Inachian, i, 640. 
 
 inachus, -1, m., Inachus, river in 
 Argolis. The river-god is the 
 son of Ocean us and Tethys, 
 father of lo, and founder and 
 earliest king of Argos, i, 583, 
 642, 645, 651. 
 
 inaequalis, -e, adj. (in-, not; 
 aequalis, equal) [ic-, Aic-], 
 tinequal, uneven, changeable, i, 
 
 117- 
 inanis, -e, adj., empty, vacant, i, 
 
172 
 
 VOCABULARY. 
 
 348, 2, 166 ; empty ^ useless^ 
 vain, 2, 340, 506. 
 
 inaratus, -a, -um, adj. {in-y not ; 
 aratus, p. of ar5, plough) [2 
 AR-], U7iplougkedy fallow, i, 109. 
 
 incalesco, 3, -calui, , inch. 
 
 (in, intens. ; calesco, grow 
 warm) [3 CAL-], g7'ow warm, 
 become heated, 2, 175 ; become 
 excited, be inflamed, 2, 87. 
 
 incedo, 3, -cessi, -cessus (in, 07t; 
 cedo, go) [cad-], adva7tce, pro- 
 ceed, 2, 772. 
 
 incendium, -T, n. (in, to) [cand-, 
 glow], fire, conflagration, 2, 
 
 215' ZZ^' 
 incido, 3, -cidi, (in, in, on ; 
 
 cado, fall) [cad-], fall i7i ; 
 
 light upo7i, come upon, 2, 500. 
 includo, 3, -SI, -sus (in, in; 
 
 claudo, shut) [clav-], shut in, 
 
 inclose, confi7ie, i, 47. 
 incognitus, -a, -um, adj. (in-, not ; 
 
 cognitus, knozvn) [gna-, gno-], 
 
 unknown, i, 439, 2, 46. 
 incola, -ae, m. and f. (in, i7i) 
 
 [col-, tiW], inhabitant, i, 512. 
 incubo, I, -uT, -itus (in, on ; cubo, 
 
 lie down) [CVB-], lie upon, rest 
 
 upon, I, 634. 
 incumbo, 3, -cubuT, -cubitus (in, 
 
 up07i) [cVB-, lie'], lay one^s self 
 
 upo7t, lean, 2, 338. 
 incurso, i, -avl, -atus, freq. (in- 
 
 curro, run into) [i CEL-, cer-], 
 
 run into, ru7i amid, i, 303, 2, 
 
 205. 
 incustSditus, -a, -um, adj. (in-, 
 
 not ; custoditus, p. of custodid. 
 
 guard), tmguarded, 7totwatched, 
 2, 684. 
 
 inde, adv. (of place), from there, 
 the7ice, I, 371, 2, 31, 152, etc. ; 
 (of cause), thence, therefore, i, 
 414; (for gen.) of them, i, 
 626 ; (of time) thereupon, then, 
 I, 181, 666. 
 
 indeiectus, -a, -um, adj. (in-, not ; 
 deiectus, p. of deici5, throw 
 down) [lAC-l, 7iot throw7t down, 
 I, 289. 
 
 index, -dicis, m. and f. (in, to) 
 [dig-, show, poi7tt'\, one who 
 points out, informer, witness, 2, 
 706. 
 
 indicium, -1, n. (in, to) [dig-, 
 show, point], 7zotice, sig7i, i7i- 
 dicatio7i, evide7ice, witness, i, 
 650, T. 100. 
 
 indigena, -ae, adj., m. and f. 
 (indu (old form of in), i7i) 
 [gen-, beget], native ; as subst., 
 native, 2, 840. 
 
 indigestus, -a, -um, adj. (in-, not ; 
 digestus, P. of digero, distribute) 
 [ges-], unorganized, confused, 
 
 1,7. 
 
 indignans, -antis, adj. (p. of in- 
 dignor, deem unwo7'thy) [dec-], 
 i7npatie7tt, indignant, i, 181. 
 
 indignor, i, -atus, dep. (indignus, 
 u7iworthy) [dec-], deem un- 
 worthy, be indignant, despise, 
 T. 103. 
 
 indignus, -a, -um, adj. (in-, not ; 
 dignus, worthy) [dec-], un- 
 worthy ; U7ideserving, i, 508, 
 631. 
 
VOCABULARY. 
 
 173 
 
 indolesco, 3, -luT, , be grieved^ 
 
 be distressed^ 2, 789. 
 
 induco, 3, -duxi, -ductus (in, in ; 
 duco, lead) [dvc-], lead in; 
 bring on^ draw (ruer^ spread 
 over, I, 263, 2, 307, 309, 395. 
 
 induo, 3, -uT, -utus, put on, as- 
 sume, I , ^^ ', dress in, clothe 
 with, array in, i, 270 ; put on, 
 wrap about, T. 29 ; .in pass, 
 w. 2s:q,., put on, assume, 2, 850. 
 
 Indus, -a, -um, adj. ('Ij/56s), of 
 India; as subst., plu., the in- 
 habitants of India, Indians, i, 
 
 778. 
 
 iners, -ertis, adj. (in-, not ; ars, 
 skill) [l AR-], without skill, 
 inactive, indolent, sluggish, 2, 
 772 ; stagnant, dead, 1,8. 
 
 inexpiignabilis, -e, adj. (in-, not ; 
 expugnabilis, assailable) [pac-, 
 PAG-), unassailable, not able to 
 be conquered, T. 65. 
 
 infamia, -ae, f. (infamis, infa- 
 ?nous) [i FA-], evil fame, evil 
 report, disgrace, dishonor, i, 
 211, 215, 2, 707. 
 
 infelix, -Tcis, adj. (in-, not ; felix, 
 fruitful ) [ F E V-] , u nfruitful ; 
 unfortunate, tin happy, i, 634, 
 2, 179. 
 
 inferius, see infra. 
 
 infernus, -a, -um, adj. (inferus, 
 lower), lower; of the lower 
 regions, infernal, 2, 261. 
 
 inferus, -a, -um, adj., lower, of 
 the lower world, i, 189 ; sup., 
 imus, -a, -um, lowest, deepest, 
 lowest part of, i, 336, 569, 583, 
 
 2, 761, 774; as subst., depth, 
 2, 265. 
 
 inficio, 3, -feci, -fectus (in, in; 
 facio, make) \¥ AC-'], stain, tinge, 
 color, 2, 832 ; infect, poison, 
 corrupt, 2, 784. 
 
 infit, defect., begins (to tell), 2, 
 511. 
 
 infitior, i, -atus, dep. (infitiae, 
 denial) [i FA-], not to confess, 
 deny, 2, 34. 
 
 inflo, I, -avi, -atus (in, into ; flo, 
 blow) [fla-], blow into, inflate, 
 I, 340. 
 
 infra, adv. (for infera; sc. parte), 
 on the lower side, lower, be- 
 neath, 2, 277 ; comp., inferius, 
 lower, 2, 137, 208. 
 
 infundo, 3, -fudl, -fusus (in, in ; 
 fundo, pour) [fv-, fvd-], pour 
 in, pour upon, spread over, i, 
 
 364. 
 
 ingemino, i, -avi, -atus (in, upon ; 
 gemino, double), redouble, re- 
 peat, I, 653. 
 
 ingemo, 3, -ui, (in, upon ; 
 
 gemo, groan), groan over, la- 
 ment, bezvail, groan, i, 164, 2, 
 
 774- 
 
 ingenium, -T, n. (in, in) [gen-, 
 beget ] , inborn quality, nature, 
 character, i, 126; talent, ability, 
 genius, T. 59, 126; genius, man 
 of genius, 2, 795. 
 
 ingens, -entis, adj. (in-, not) [gen-, 
 beget], not natural, great, huge, 
 enormous, mighty, i, 166,2, 401. 
 
 ingratus, -a, -um, adj. (in-, not; 
 gra-tuSf pleasing), not pleasing. 
 
V^'. .t\ 
 
 174 
 
 V(5CABULJ\RY. 
 
 disagreeable^ hateful^ 2, 780 ; 
 unthankful^ thankless^ 2, 488. 
 
 ingredior, 3, -gressus, dep. (in, 
 on ; gradior, walk) [grad-], 
 advance, proceed, 2, 791 ; go 
 into, enter, i, 219; move 
 through, 2, 835. 
 
 inguen, -inis, n., groitt, 2, 353, 
 823. 
 
 inhaereo, 2, -haesT, -haesus (in, 
 on ; haereo, cling), cling on, 
 adhere, fasten upon, i, 535. 
 
 inhibed) 2, -uT, -itus (in, in ; 
 habeo, have, hold) [hab-], hold 
 in, restrain, check, 2, 128, 202, 
 I, 511. 
 
 inhospitus, -a, -um, adj., inhos- 
 pitable, I, 218. 
 
 inicio (iniicio), 3, -ieci, -iectus 
 (in, in; iacio, throw) [lAC-], 
 throw in, put on, cast on ; 
 w. bracchia, attack, seize, i, 184. 
 
 iniquus, -a, -um, adj. (in-, not ; 
 aequus, even) [ic-, Aic-], un- 
 even, unequal, Uftjust, hostile, 
 T. 123. 
 
 iniiiste, adv. (iniustus, unjust) 
 [iv-, IVG-], unjustly, 2, 378. 
 
 inlaesus (ill-), -a, -um, adj. (in-, 
 not ; laesus, p. of laedo, hurt), 
 unhurt, unharmed, 2, 826. 
 
 inlustris (ill-), -e, adj. [lvc-, 
 shine'\, bright, shining, 2, 50. 
 
 innabilis, -e, adj. (in-, not) [na-, 
 swim], (only here) not liquid, 
 I, 16. 
 
 innatus, -a, -um, adj. (p. of in- 
 nascor) [gen-, gna-], inborn, 
 native, grown on, i, 332 
 
 innitor, 3, -nlxus, dep. (in upon 
 nitor, lean), lean iipon, i, 178. 
 
 innocuus, -a, -um, adj. (in-, not; 
 nocuus, htirtful) [2 nec-,noc-]; 
 harmless, innocent, i, 327. 
 
 innumerus, -a, -um, adj. (in-, not ; 
 numerus, number)\y^Y.^-, nvm-], 
 innumerable, numberless, i , 
 436, 460. 
 
 (inniiptus), -a, (-um), adj. (in-, 
 not ; (nuptus), P. of nubo, mar- 
 ry) [neb-, NVB-], unmarried, 
 single, virgin, i, 476. 
 
 inops, -opis, adj. (in-, not ; (ops), 
 help) [ap-, op-], helpless, weak, 
 bereft of, 2, 200 ; wretched, 
 poor, meager, i, 312. 
 
 inornatus, -a, -um, adj. (in-, not ; 
 5matus, adorjted), unadorned, 
 
 I, 497- 
 
 inquam, defect., say, i, 545, 689, 
 
 , 736, etc. 
 
 inquire, 3, -quisivi, -quTsitus (in, 
 into; quaerd, seek) [qvaes-], 
 seek after, investigate, inquire, 
 I, 148, 512, 616. 
 
 inrequietus (irr-), -a, -um, adj. 
 (in-, not ; requietus, p. of re- 
 quiesco, rest), restless, unquiet^ 
 
 1, 579» 2, 386. 
 
 inrided (irr-), 2, -risT, -risus (in, 
 at; rideo, laugh), laugh at, 
 jeer, mock, i, 221. 
 
 inritamentum (irr-), -1, n. (in- 
 rito, incite), ifzcitement, induce- 
 ment, I, 140. 
 
 inrito (irr-), i, -avi, -atus, incite, 
 arouse, i , 462 ; excite, irritate, 
 
 2, 805. 
 
VOCABULARY. 
 
 175 
 
 inritus (irr-), -a, -um, adj. (in-, 
 not ; ratus, p. of reor, reckon)^ 
 undecided, void, vain, useless, 
 I, 273. 
 
 inroro (irr-), i, -avT, -atus (in, 
 upon ; roro, drop dew), bedew, 
 sprinkle upon, i, 371. 
 
 inrumpo (irr-), 3, -rupT, -ruptus 
 (in, in ; rumpo, break) [rap-, 
 RVP-], break in, press in, burst 
 into, I, 128. 
 
 inscius, -a, -um, adj. (in-, not) 
 [2 SAC-, SCI-, distinguish'], igno- 
 rant, 2, 148. 
 
 insequor, 3, -cutus, dep. (in, 
 upon; sequor, follow) [sec-], 
 follow close upon, follow after, 
 pursue, I, 504, 511, 540. 
 
 insero, 3, -serul, -sertus (in, in ; 
 sero, bifid) [ser-], insert ; w. 
 oculos, look into, 2, 94 ; bring 
 in, let in, 2, 808. 
 
 insidiae, -arum, f. [sed-, sid-, 
 sit], snare, plot, ambush, i, 
 131, 198, 2, 78. 
 
 insignis, -e, adj. (in, on ; si- 
 gnum, mark), remarkable, dis- 
 tinguished, I, 768, T. 16. 
 
 insolitus, -a, -um, adj. (in-, not ; 
 solitus, accustoffted), unaccus- 
 tomed^ T. 106. 
 
 inspiro, i, -avi, -atus (in, into; 
 spir5, breathe), breathe into, 
 blow upon, I, 334; instill, 2, 
 800. 
 
 instabilis, -e, adj. (in-, not; 
 stabilis, yfr/«) [sta-], not firm, 
 ujistable, unsteady, tottering, i, 
 16, 2, 164. 
 
 instituo, 3, -uT, -utus (in, into; 
 statuo, place) [sta-], put in 
 place ; found, institute, estab- 
 lish, I, 446. 
 
 insulto, I, -a VI, -atus, freq. 
 (insilio, leap upon) [i sal-], 
 leap up, bound, dance, i, 134. 
 
 intabesco, 3, -buT, , inch. 
 
 (in, intens. ; tabescS, waste 
 away), waste away, pine, 2, 
 780. 
 
 intactus, -a, -um, adj. (in-, not ; 
 tactus, P. of tango, touch) 
 [tag-], untouched, unbroken, 
 
 I, lOI. 
 
 inter, prep. w. ace, between, i, 
 50, 2, 140, 273, T. 107 ; among, 
 I, 304, 690, 2, 508; inter se, 
 with each other, i, 389 ; with 
 one another, i, 712. 
 
 interdum, adv. (inter, between ; 
 dum, while), sometimes, now 
 and then, 2, 321; modo . . . 
 interdum, now . . . now, at one 
 time . . . at another, 2, 190. 
 
 interea, adv. (inter, among ; ea, 
 these things), meanwhile, in the 
 mean time, i, 388, 2, 153, 381, 
 T.27. 
 
 intereo, -Tre, -IT, -iturus (inter, 
 between ; eo,go) [i-],^^ among, 
 be lost, perish, 2, 306. 
 
 intermitto, 3, -misi, -missus 
 (inter, between ; mitto, send ) 
 [mit-], intermit, interrupt, 
 leave off, i, 746. 
 
 intono, i, -uT, -atus (in, upon ; 
 ton5, roar), thunder, 2, 311. 
 
 int5nsus, -a, -um, adj. (in-, not ; 
 
176 
 
 VOCABULARY. 
 
 tonsus, p. of tondeo, shear), un- 
 shoruy unshaven^ i, 564. 
 
 intremo, 3, -ui, (in, in; 
 
 tremo, shake) [2 ter-, trem-], 
 shake within^ tremble, i, 284, 
 2, 180. 
 
 intrdy i, -avT, -atus (cf. intra, 
 within), go into, efiter, i, 277, 
 2, 20, 797. 
 
 intumesco, 3, -mul, , inch. 
 
 (in, upon ; tumesco, swell ) 
 [tvm-], swell up, swells i, 419; 
 become angry, 2, 508. 
 
 intus, adv., within, inside, 2, 94, 
 768. 
 
 inutiliSy -e, adj. (in-, not ; utilis, 
 useful), useless, unprofitable, T. 
 21 . 
 
 invado, 3, -vasT, -vasus (in, into ; 
 vado, go) [VA-, VEN-], go into, 
 enter, rush into, i, 65. 
 
 invenio, 4, -venl, -ventus (in, 
 upon ; venio, come) [va-, ven-, 
 go'\, com.e upon, find, i, 426, 
 586, 654. 
 
 inventum, -T, n. (p. n. of in- 
 venio, find) [VEN-], device, 
 invention, i, 521. 
 
 invictus, -a, -um, adj. (in-, not ; 
 victus, P. of vinco) [vie-], un- 
 conquered, iftvincible, T. 104. 
 
 invidia, -ae, f. (invidus, envi- 
 ous) [viD-], envy ; personified, 
 Envy, 2, 760, 770. 
 
 invitus, -a, -um, adj., unwilling, 
 reluctant, against the will, i, 
 613,2, 152. 
 
 involv5, 3, -vT, -iitus (in, in; 
 volvo, roll) [3 VOL-], roll in, 
 
 roll upon, wrap up, involve^ 
 envelop, 2, 232. 
 
 16, lus, F. ('I(u), lo, daughter of 
 Inachus, changed to a heifer, 
 afterwards in Egypt, mother 
 of Epaphus, and honored as 
 goddess by the Egyptians 
 under the name of Isis, i, 584, 
 628, 629. 
 
 ipse, -a, -um, gen., ipsius, intens. 
 pron., self, myself, yourself 
 hi7nself herself itself i, 40, 
 178, 232, etc.; very, just, ex- 
 actly, even, i, 169, 426, 2, 268, 
 etc. ; of one^s self i, loi, 2, 
 
 _ 382. 
 
 ira, -ae, f., anger, rage, wrath, 
 passion, i, 166, 274, 330, etc. 
 
 iracundus, -a, -um, adj. (ira, 
 anger), angry, wrathful, 2, 
 
 483. 
 iratus, -a, -um, adj. (p. of irascor, 
 be angry), angry, enraged, T. 
 
 . 64- 
 
 Iris, -idis, f. ('I/sts), Iris, goddess 
 of the rainbow, daughter of 
 Electra and Thaumas, messen- 
 ger of Juno, I, 271. 
 
 is, ea, id, gen., eius, demonstr. 
 pron., this, that, these, those, i, 
 226, 2, III, 353; he, she, it, 2, 
 785, T. 7. 
 
 Ismarius, -a, -um, adj. (Ismarus, 
 mountain in Thrace) ("lo-^apos), 
 Ismarian, Thracian, 2, 257. 
 
 Ismenus or -os, -1, m. ('10-^77^65), 
 Ismenus, river of Boeotia, near 
 Thebes, 2, 244. 
 
 iste, -a, -ud, gen., istius, demonstr. 
 
VOCABULARY. 
 
 177 
 
 pron. (of the second person), 
 this^ that, he, she, it, i, 457, 
 488, 545, etc. 
 
 ita, adv. (referring to what pre- 
 cedes), in this manner, so, thus, 
 I, 69; especially after atque, i, 
 228,377, 711 ; (referring to what 
 follows) thus, in the following 
 manner, as follows, i, 350, 2, 
 278 ; correlative with ut, 2, 184. 
 
 iter, itineris, N. [i-, go'], going, 
 journey ; way, road, i, 170, 2, 
 78, 133, 830. 
 
 itenim, adv., again, a second time, 
 I, 208, 2, 245. 
 
 iubar, -aris, n. [div-, shine\ ra- 
 diance, light, brightness, i, 768. 
 
 iubeo, 2, iussi, iussus, order, com- 
 mand, bid, I, 37, 43, 55, etc. 
 
 iudex, -icis, m. and f. (ius, right) 
 [iv-] [pic-, point], judge, i, 93. 
 
 indicium, -1, n. (iudex, judge) 
 [iv-] [bic-], judgment, opinion, 
 decision, T. 40. 
 
 iugalis, -e, adj. (iugum, jj/^>^^) [iv-, 
 IVG-] , of a yoke, yoked ; matri- 
 monial, marriage, i, 483. 
 
 iugerum, -1, n. [iv-, ivg-, bind], 
 acre, i, 459. 
 
 iugulum, -1, N. (dim. of iugum, 
 yoke) [iv-, 1VG-], collar-bone ; 
 throat, neck, i, 227. 
 
 iugum, -I, N. [iv-, IVG-, bind], 
 yoke, I, 124, 2, 109, 162, 315; 
 summit, mountain ridge, height, 
 I, 62. 
 
 iunctura, -ae, f. [iv-, ivg-, bind], 
 joining ; joining membrane, 2, 
 375 ; joint, 2, 823. 
 
 iung5, 3, iHnxi, ianctus [iv-^, ivg-, 
 bind], join, unite, i, 9, 353, 
 683, 712, etc. ; partic, in con- 
 nection with, in union with, 
 I, ']\(^',yoke, 2, 118 ; w. oscula, 
 kiss, 2, 357. 
 
 liino, -onis, f. [div-, shine], Juno, 
 daughter of Saturn, sister and 
 wife of Jupiter, goddess of 
 marriage, i, 270, 2, 508, 518, 
 
 525- 
 
 lunonius, -a,-um, adj. {lunb,/uno) 
 [div-], belonging to Juno, Juno- 
 nian, i, 678. 
 
 luppiter (lupi-), lovis, m. (pater, 
 father) [pa-] [div-, diav-, 
 shine], Jupiter, Jove, son of 
 Saturn and Rhea, brother and 
 husband of Juno, king of the 
 gods, I, 106, 114, 1x6, etc.; 
 by meton., heaven, air, 2, 
 
 iuro, I, -avi, -atus (ius, right) 
 [iv-], swear, take oath, i, 188, 
 242, 769, etc. 
 
 ius, iuris [iv-, bind], that which 
 is binding, right, law, i, 576; 
 right, tie, T. 46 ; power, author- 
 ity, 2, 48 ; abl. as adv., rightly, 
 justly, T. 132. ■ 
 
 iussum, -1, N. (p. of iubeo, order), 
 order, command, i, 385, 2, 119, 
 (>1^. 798, 837. 
 
 iustus, -a, -um, adj. (ius, right) 
 \)N-],just, true, proper, i, '^'JT, 
 proper, suitable, sujficient, 2, 
 1 63 ; as subst., ^\\i., funeral rites^ 
 obsequies, T. 80. 
 
 iuvenalis, -e, adj. (iuvenis,^^?^^^) 
 
178 
 
 VOCABULARY. 
 
 {piY-l, youthful^ I, 564,2, 150, young, youthful, i, 531 ; as 
 
 T. 57. , suhsi., youth, i, 448, 2, 32, 106. 
 
 iuvenca, -ae, f. (iuvencus, bullock) iuventa, -ae, f. (iuvenis, young) 
 
 [div-], heifer, i, 652, 745. 
 iuvencus, -1, m. (iuvenis, young) 
 
 [piY-l, young bullock, i, 124, 2, 
 
 843, 850. 
 iuvenis, -is, adj. [div-, bright^. 
 
 [div-], the time of youth, youth, 
 T. 75- 
 iuv5, I, iuvT, iutus [div-, bright, 
 shiningi, help, aid, assist, bene- 
 fit, I, 275, 2, 141, T. 44. 
 
 Iabefaci5, 3, -feci, -factus (labo, 
 
 totter ; faci5, make) [lab-] 
 
 [fac-], make totter, loosen, 
 
 shake, 2, 402. 
 Iab5, I, -avT, -atus [lab-, slide'], 
 
 totter i waver, roll, 2, 163. 
 labor, 3, lapsus, dep. [lab-, slide'], 
 
 glide, flow, pass, i, 189, 2, 406, 
 
 824, T. 27. 
 labor, -oris, m. (cf. Xafi^dvcS), toil, 
 
 labor, work, hardship, i, 273, 
 
 414, 544, etc. 
 laboro, i, -avT, -atus (labor, toil), 
 
 toil, labor ; be in trouble, waver, 
 
 totter, I, 258, 2, 296. 
 lac, lactis, N., milk, i, iii. 
 lacer, -era, -erum, adj., mangled, 
 
 torn, broken, 2, 318. 
 lacero, i, -avT, -atus (lacer, vian- 
 
 gled), mangle, lacerate, tear, 2, 
 
 362. 
 lacertus, -T, m. [lac-, crook], 
 
 upper arm (in opposition to 
 
 bracchium, lower arm), i, 501; 
 
 arm, i, 236, 485, 555, etc. 
 lacrima, -ae, f., tear, i, 350, 647, 
 
 732, etc. 
 lacrimabilis, -e, adj. (lacrima, 
 
 tear), w 07' thy of tears, mournful, 
 2, 796. 
 lacteus, -a, -um, adj. (lac, milk), 
 milky ; sc. via, Milky Way, i, 
 
 169. 
 
 lacus, -us, M. [lac-, crook], hol- 
 low, lake, pond, i, 38, 2, 238, 
 
 379- 
 Ladon, -onis, m. (AtiSwi/), Ladon, 
 
 river in Arcadia, i, 702. 
 laedo, 3, -si, -sus, hurt, injure, 
 
 wound, I, 473, 508, 2, 408 ; in- 
 jure, grieve, insult, I, 387, 547, 
 
 2, 518, 527, T. 98. 
 laetus, -a, -um, 2A\., joyful, rejoic- 
 ing, happy, glad, i, 560, "776. 
 laevus, -a, -um, adj., left; as subst., 
 
 F., left, left hand, left side, i, 
 
 171,2, 25. 
 lambo, 3, , , lick, lap, i, 
 
 646. 
 Lampetie, -es, F. {Katnr6rl'ri),La??t- 
 
 petie, daughter of the sun-god, 
 
 2, 349- 
 languidus, -a, -um, adj., weak, 
 
 languid, dull, i, 716. 
 Iani5, i , -avi, -atus, tear in pieces, 
 
 tear, rend, i, 60, 2, 335, 350. 
 
VOCABULARY. 
 
 179 
 
 lapid5sus, -a, -um, adj. (lapis, 
 
 stone), full of stones, stony, i, 
 
 44. 
 lapis, -idis, m., stone, i, 393, 399, 
 
 2, 696, 697. 
 lascivus, -a, -um, adj., wanton, 
 
 sportive, roguish, i, 456. 
 lasso, I, -avi, -atus, make weary, 
 
 weary, exhaust, i, 308. 
 late, adv. (latus, wide) [ster-, 
 
 STRA-, STLA-], widely, far and 
 
 wide, I, 268, 2, 318, 825. 
 latebra, -ae, f., hiding-place, lurk- 
 ing-place, I, 216; lurking-place, 
 
 riddle, i, 388. 
 lateo, 2, -ui, , be covered, be 
 
 hidden, lie concealed, i, 70, 290, 
 
 502, etc. 
 Latinus, -a, -um, adj. (Latium, 
 ' Latium) [plat-, spread, fat'], 
 
 Latin, 2, 366. 
 Latius, -a, -um, adj. (Latium, 
 
 Latium) [plat-, spread, fat], 
 
 Latin, Roman, i, 560. 
 Latonia, -ae, f., Latonia, Diana, 
 
 daughter of Latona, i, 696. 
 latratus, -us, m. (latro, bark), 
 
 barking, 2, 491. 
 latus, -a, -um, adj. [ster-, stra-, 
 
 STLA-, streiu, spread], wide, 
 
 broad, extensive, i, 315, 336, 
 
 2, 130, etc. 
 latus, -eris, n. [plat-, spread, 
 
 flat], side, flank, 2, yjd, 865. 
 laudo, I, -avi, -dX-Kis,, praise, extol, 
 
 commend, i, 500, 2, 480. 
 laurea, -ae, y., laurel-tree, i, 566. 
 laurus, -T, M., laurel-tree, laicrel 
 
 (sacred to Apollo), i, 450, 559. 
 
 laiis, laudis, y., praise, fame, glory, 
 
 1, 462.^ 
 
 lector, -oris, m. [leg-, gather], 
 
 reader, T. 132. 
 lego, 3, legi, lectus \\.yg-, gather], 
 
 gather, pick, pluck, i, 104; 
 
 read, read aloud, recite, i, 92, 
 
 2, 338, T. 2, etc. 
 
 lenio, 4, -ivT, -itus (lenis, soft), 
 soften, soothe, mollify, i, 738. 
 
 lenis, -e, adj., soft, gentle, moder- 
 ate, I, 580, 2, 811. 
 
 leniter, adv. (lenis, soft), softly, 
 gently, 2, 809. 
 
 lentus, -a, -um, 2i^]., flexible, tena- 
 cious ; sluggish, lingering, slow, 
 2, 807. 
 
 leo, -onis, M. (Xiu)]/), lion, i, 304, 
 505; as proper name, constella- 
 tion Leo, a sign of the zodiac, 
 
 2,81. 
 
 lepus, -oris, m., hare, i, 533. 
 
 letalis, -e, adj. (letum, death), 
 bringing death, deadly, 2, 827. 
 
 letum, -i, N., death, i, 662, 670. 
 
 levis, -e, adj., light, not heavy, i, 
 53, 492, 503, 529, 2, 150, 161; 
 light, slight, trivial, unimpor- 
 tant, I, 620, 655, T. 66, 102. 
 
 levitas, -atis, f. (levis, light), 
 lightness, i, 28, 2, 164. 
 
 levo, I, -avi, -atus (levis, light), 
 lift up, raise, 2, 159; lighten, 
 relieve, m^itigate, support, 2, 
 281, T. 112. 
 
 lex, legis, p., law, enactment; 
 law, order, i, 90, 477, 2, 204. 
 
 liber, -brl, m., bark, inner bark, 
 I, 549-. 
 
180 
 
 VOCABULARY. 
 
 liber, -era, -erum, 2L.d].,/ree, unre- 
 strained^ I, 42, 2, 143, T. 28; 
 free^ outspoken^ i, 757. 
 
 libo, I, -avT, -atus [liqv-, lib-, 
 pour\ take a little of, pour out, 
 take out, 1 , 371. 
 
 libro, I, -avT, -atus (libra, balance), 
 balance, poise, 1,13; hurl, dash, 
 throw, 2, 311. 
 
 libum, -1, N., cake, T. 12. 
 
 Libye, -es, f. (AijSiJt;), Libya, 
 Africa, 2, 237. 
 
 licentia, -ae, f. (licens, free) 
 [lic-, LIQV-], freedom, license, 
 
 I, 309- 
 licet, 2, -uit and -itum est [lic-, 
 
 LIQV-, let, leave'], it is laiuful, 
 
 it is permitted, i, 661, 2, 51, 
 
 53' etc. 
 lignum, -i, n. [leg-, gather], 
 
 gathered wood ; wood, i, 556. 
 ligO, I, -avi, -atus, tie, bind, i, 
 
 25» 2, 375- 
 
 Ligur, -uris, m., Ligurian ; plu., 
 Ligurians, a people in northern 
 Italy about the Po, 2, 370. 
 
 limen, -inis, n., threshold, 2, 814. 
 
 limes, -itis, m., path, pathway, 
 road, 2, 19, 130, 699; bound, 
 boundary, limit, i, 69, 136. 
 
 limosus, -a, -um, adj. (limus, 
 mud), full of mud, muddy, i, 
 
 634- 
 limus, -1, M., mud, slime, mire, i, 
 
 347, 424- 
 lingua, -ae, f., tongue, 2, ']^'], 
 liniger, -gera, -gerum, adj. 
 (linum, flax) [ges-, carry], 
 clothed in linen, i, 747. 
 
 Iinqu5, 3, iTqui, [lic-, liqv-, 
 
 let, leave], leave, 2, 835. 
 
 liquidus, -a, -um, adj. [liqv-, 
 pour], flowing, liquid, i, 95, 
 324; clear, i, 370; clear, pure, 
 I, 23, 67 ; liquidas sorores, 
 sisters of the waves, water- 
 nymphs, I, 704. 
 
 liquor, -oris, m. [liqv-, pour], 
 liquid ; water, i, 371. 
 
 liquor, 3, , dep. [liqv-,/^//^], 
 
 be liquid ; melt, dissolve, 2, 808. 
 
 lis, litis, f., strife, i, 21. 
 
 littera (litera), -ae, f., letter (of 
 the alphabet), i, 649. 
 
 litus, -oris, N., seashore, shore, 
 beach, i, 37, 42, 6t„ etc. 
 
 liveo, 2, , , be black and 
 
 blue, be dark, be livid, 2, 776. 
 
 livor, -oris, m., bluish color ; envy, 
 spite ; personified. Envy, T. 1 23, 
 A. 39. 
 
 loco, I, -avi, -atus (locus, place), 
 place, put, arrange, i, 50. 
 
 locus, -1, M. (plu., loca ; some- 
 times loci), place, spot, location, 
 position, I, 25, 27, 28, etc. 
 
 longe, adv. (longus, long), far, 2, 
 374 ; comp., \Qn%\\x^, farther, 2, 
 292. 
 
 longus, -a, -um, adj., (of space) 
 long, extended, i, 13, 123, 136, 
 etc. ; (of time) loftg, prolonged, 
 lasting, I, 214, 273, 312, etc. 
 
 loquor, 3, -cutus, dep., speak, 
 talk, tell, I, 233, 525, 648, etc. 
 
 lorum, -i, N. [3 VOL-, roll], thong, 
 strap ; plu., reins, bridle, 2, 
 127, 145, 200, 315, 
 
VOCABULARY. 
 
 181 
 
 luceo, 2, luxi, [lvc-, shine\ 
 
 shine, glow, i, 239, 2, 24. 
 
 lucidus, -a, -um, adj. [lvc-, sAine], 
 shining, bright, clear, i, 669, 
 
 2, 365- 
 Lucifer, -T, m. (lux, light) [lvc-] 
 
 [l FER-, bear^ light-beari7tg ; 
 
 Lucifer, the morning star, the 
 
 planet Venus, 2, 115, T. 11. 
 liictisonus, -a, -um, adj. (luctus, 
 
 grief) [lvg-] [son-, sound\ 
 
 sad-sou nding, sorrowful, 1,732. 
 luctus, -us, M. [lvg-, distress^ 
 
 grief, sorrow, i, 655, 663, 2, 
 
 124, etc. 
 liiCUS, -T, M. [lA^c-, shine^ sacred 
 
 grove, around a temple ; grove, 
 
 wood, I, 189, 301, 2, 76. 
 liido, 3, -SI, -sus \LNTi;play\,play, 
 
 sport, I, 639, 2, 246, 845. 
 liidus, -1, M. [LVD-, play\, play, 
 
 game, i, 446. 
 iugeo, 2, luxT, luctus [lvg-, dis- 
 
 tress^, mourn, lament, i, 585, 
 
 2, 340. 
 liigubris, -e, adj. [lvg-, distressl, 
 
 m.ourning, sorrowing, 2, 334. 
 liimen, -inis, n. [lvc-, shine^ 
 
 light, 2, 4, 181, 261, 331 ; plu., 
 
 rays of light, bea?ns, light, i, 
 
 10, 135, 767, 2, 23, no, 149; 
 
 light of the eye, eye, i, 625, 684, 
 
 714, 716, 720, 740, 2, 787.857. 
 luna, -ae, f. [lvc-, shine'l, moon, 
 
 2, 117, 344; personified, Zz/««, 
 
 moon goddess, Diana, sister 
 
 of Phoebus, 2, 208. 
 
 lupus, -I, M., wolf, I, 237, 304, 
 505, 2. 495- 
 
 luridus, -a, -um, 2id.]., pale yellow, 
 ghastly, lurid, i, 147. 
 
 liisor, -oris, m. [lvd-, play\ 
 player ; playful writer, T. i. 
 
 lastro, 2, -avi, -atus (lustrum, 
 purificatory sacrifice) [2 LV-], 
 make bright; exatnitte, re- 
 view ; go through, wander over, 
 traverse, i, 213, 479. 
 
 lustrum, -1, N. [2 LV-, wash'], 
 purificatory sacrifice ; period of 
 five years, lustrum, T. 78. 
 
 lutulentus, -a, -um, adj. (lutum, 
 mud) [2 LV-], muddy, slimy, 
 
 I, 434- 
 lux, lucis, F. [lvc-, shine'l, light, 
 
 i> I7» 2, 35' 383 ; daylight, day, 
 
 I, 494, 630, 772, etc. 
 Lycaeus, -T, m. (Au/catos), Lycaeus, 
 
 mountain in southern Arcadia, 
 
 sacred to Pan, i, 217 ; adj., 
 
 Lycean, i, 698. 
 Lycaon, -onis, m. (AuAcawj/), 
 
 Lycaon, king of Arcadia, i, 
 
 198, 221, 2, 526. 
 Lycaonius, -a, -um, adj. (Lycaon), 
 
 belonging to Lycaon, Lycaonian, 
 
 I, 165; as subst., Lycaonia, 
 
 -ae, p., L.ycaonia, Callisto, 
 
 daughter of Lycaon, 2, 496. 
 Lycormas, -ae, m. (AvKdpfias), 
 
 Lycormas, river of Aetolia, 2, 
 
 245. 
 lyra, -ae, f. (Xi/pa), lute, lyre, a 
 
 stringed instrument, T. 50. 
 
182 
 
 VOCABULARY. 
 
 M 
 
 Macer, -crT, m., Aemilius Macer, 
 a poet, T. 44. 
 
 macies, , f., leanness, 2, 775. 
 
 maculo, I, -avi, -atus (macula, 
 spot)y stain, pollute, defile, i, 
 719. 
 
 madeo, 2, -m, [mad-, drip\, 
 
 be wet, drip, flow, i, 149. 
 
 madesco, 3, -dui, , inch, (ma- 
 
 deo, be wet) [mad-], become wet, 
 be moist, i, 66. 
 
 madidus, -a, -um, adj. [mad-, 
 drip"], wet, moist, drenched, i, 
 264, 339,422, 2, 198. 
 
 Maeandros, -dri, m. (Ma^aySpos), 
 Maeander, river of Ionia and 
 Phrygia, celebrated for its wind- 
 ings, 2, 246. 
 
 Maenalus (-os), -T, m., and 
 Maenala, -onim, n. (^olIvoKov), 
 Maenalus, mountain range in 
 Arcadia, sacred to Pan, i, 216. 
 
 Maeonides, -ae, m. {^aiovihyii), 
 Maeonides, native of Maeonia, 
 Homer, T. 22. 
 
 Maeonius, -a, -um, adj. {Mat6vios), 
 Maeonian, Lydian, 2, 252. 
 
 maereo, 2, , [mis-, 
 
 wretched\ be sad, m-ourn, la- 
 ment, bemoan, i, 664. 
 
 magis, adv., comp. [mac-, big], 
 more, iti a higher degree, i, 
 182, 757, 766, 2, 856. 
 
 magnanimus, -a, -um, adj. (ma- 
 gnus, great; animus, soul) 
 [mac-] [an-], great-souled ; 
 high-spirited, 2, III. 
 
 magnus, -a, -um, adj., comp., 
 maior, -5ris, sup., maximus 
 [mac-, mag-, big], great, large, 
 i> 35» 176, 3"' etc. ; great, 
 powerful, 7nighty, eminejtt, dis- 
 tinguished, I, 170, 748, 2, 62, 
 etc. ; in comp. and sup., elder, 
 eldest, T. 55, 2, 347 ; as subst., 
 N., great things, i, 751, 2, 54. 
 
 Mala, -ae, f. (Maia), Maia, 
 mother of Mercury, one of 
 the Pleiades, daughter of 
 Atlas, 2, 685. 
 
 maiestas, -atis, f. (maior, greater) 
 [mac-, mag-], greatjtess, gran- 
 deur, majesty, 2, 847. 
 
 male, adv., badly, ill, wrongly, 2, 
 148. 
 
 malignus, -a, -um, adj. (malus, 
 bad) [gen-, beget], ill-disposed, 
 envious, slanderous, T. 126. 
 
 malo, malle, maluT (magis, more ; 
 V0I6, wish) [mac-] [i vol-], 
 wish rather, prefer, 2, 182. 
 
 malum, -I, n. (malus, bad), evil, 
 misfortune, suffering, calamity, 
 
 1, 140, 289, 668, etc. 
 
 malus, -a, -um, adj., comp., peior, 
 
 -us, sup., pessimus, bad, i, 128 ; 
 
 comp. as subst., greater evils, 
 
 the worst, i, 587. 
 mando, i, -avi, -atus (manus, 
 
 hand) [2 DA-, put], put i7t 
 
 hand, commit, 2, 140. 
 mane, adv., early in the morni^tg, 
 
 2, ^?>' 
 
 maneo, 2, mansT, mansus [i 
 
VOCABULARY. 
 
 183 
 
 MAN-, MEN-, man^ mind, stay'], 
 
 stay, remain, continue, i, 17, 
 
 1 59, 288, etc. 
 manes, -ium, m., departed spirit, 
 
 shade, dead, i, 586, 2, 303, T. 
 
 91. 
 manifestus, -a, -um, adj., clear, 
 
 plain, evident, i, 168, 404, 2, 
 
 133- 
 
 mano, i, -avi, [mad-, drip], 
 
 flow, 7'un, drip, trickle, 2, 360. 
 
 manus, -us, f. [i ma-, man-, meas- 
 ure], hand, i, 143, 205, 259, 
 etc. ; band, company, troop, force, 
 I, 200. 
 
 mare, -is, n. [mar-, weak, die], 
 sea, I, 5, 41, 180, etc. 
 
 margo, -inis, m., border, edge, 
 margin, i, 14, 729. 
 
 maritus, -a, -um, adj. (mas, male) 
 [i MAN-], conjugal ; as subst., 
 M., married man, husband, i, 
 146. 
 
 marmor, -oris, n. (iJLdp/xapos), mar- 
 ble, I, 405, 2, 338. 
 
 marmoreus, -a, -um, adj. (fiapfid- 
 peos), of marble, marble, i, 
 177. 
 
 massa, -ae, f. (/la^a), kneaded 
 dough; mass, lump, i, 70. 
 
 mater, -tris, f. [2 ma-, produce], 
 mother, i, 420, 753, 756, etc. 
 
 materia and materies, -ae, f. 
 (mater, mother) [2 ma-], matter, 
 material, 2, 5, 213. 
 
 maternus, -a, -um, adj. (mater, 
 mother) [2 MA-], of a mother, 
 maternal, i, 387, 762, 2, 368. 
 
 matiitinus, -a, -um, adj. (Matuta, 
 
 goddess of dawn), of the morn- 
 ing, early, i, 62. 
 
 maximus, see magnus. 
 
 medicamen, -inis, n. (medicd, 
 medicate), drug, medicine^ 2, 
 
 122. 
 
 medicatus, -a, -um, adj. (p. of 
 medicd, medicate^, healing, 
 magic, I, 716. 
 
 medicina, -ae, f. (medicus, heal- 
 ing), healing art, medicine, i, 
 521, T. 118. 
 
 medius, -a, -um, adj., the middle, 
 in the midst, middle, midst, 
 midst of, I, 49, 337, 501, etc. 
 
 medulla, -ae, f., marrow ; heart, 
 
 1, 473- 
 
 mel, mellis, n., honey, i, 112. 
 Melas, , M., Melas, river of 
 
 Thrace, 2, 247. 
 melior, adj., comp., see bonus, 
 membrum, -1, n., limb, member 
 
 (of the body), i, 555, 2, 197; 
 
 part, division, i, 33 ; member, 
 
 part (of persons), T. 48. 
 memor, -oris, adj. [smar-, mar-, 
 
 think], mindful, remembering, 
 
 2, 378. 
 
 memoro, i, -avT, -atus (memor, 
 mindful) [smar-, mar-], bring 
 to mind ; mention, relate, tell, 
 2, 176, 684. 
 
 mens, mentis, f. [i man-, men-, 
 mind], mind, intelligence, char- 
 acter, disposition, heart, soul, i, 
 55' 76, 357, etc. 
 
 mensa, -ae, f. (from mensus, p. 
 of metior, measure) [i ma-, 
 MAN-], table, I, 165, 230, etc. 
 
184 
 
 VOCABULARY. 
 
 mensis, -is, m. [i ma-, man-, 
 measure], month, T. lo ; per- 
 sonified, 2, 25. 
 
 mensor, -oris, m. [i ma-, man-, 
 measure], measurer, surveyor, 
 I, 136. 
 
 mensura, -ae, f. (metior, measure) 
 [i MA-, MAN-], measure, T. 35. 
 
 mentior, 4, -It us, dep. [i man-, 
 MEN-, mind], invent, lie, de- 
 ceive, I, 615, 2, 514. 
 
 merces, -edis, y., price, reward, 2, 
 702. 
 
 mereo, 2, -ul, -itus, deserve, m,erit, 
 
 1, 243, 2, 279, 290, 291, 393. 
 mergo, 3, mersT, mersus, dip, 
 
 sink, bury, immerse, i, 295, 
 
 380. 
 meritum, -1, n. (p. n. of mereo, 
 
 deserve), merit, worth, value, 
 
 A. 40. 
 meritus, -a, um, adj. (p. of mereor, 
 
 deserve), deserving, unoffending, 
 
 2, 707. 
 
 Merops, -opis, m., Merops, king 
 of Ethiopia, husband of Clym- 
 ene, i, 763, 2, 184. 
 
 Messenius, -a, -um, adj., of Mes- 
 sene, a city of the Peloponne- 
 sus, 2, 679. 
 
 meta, -ae, f. [i ma-, man-, meas- 
 ure], cone; turning post, goal, 
 boundary, limit, 2, 142. 
 
 metamorph5sis, -is, f. {fieraiibp- 
 <po)(TLs), a ira?zsformation ; in 
 plu., Metamorphoses, -e5n, the 
 Metamorphoses, poem of Ovid. 
 
 metior, 4, mensus [i ma-, man-, 
 measure], measure, 2, 188. 
 
 metuendus, -a, -um, adj. (p. of 
 metuo, fear), fearful, dread, 
 terrible, 2, 765. 
 
 metuens, -entis, adj. (p. of metuo, 
 fear), fearing, reverential, i, 
 
 metuo, 3, -ui, (metus,/^^;;'), 
 
 fear, i, 745, 2, 860, A. t;]. 
 
 metus, -us, m., fear, anxiety, 
 dread, i, 91, 623, 736, etc. 
 
 meus, -a, -um, possess, adj. (me, 
 me), belonging to me, my, mine, 
 my own, i, 3, 4, 464, etc. 
 
 mico, I, -uT, , vibrate, quiver; 
 
 flash, sparkle, gleam-, i, 498,2, 
 2, 40, etc. 
 
 miles, -itis, m. and f. [mil-, asso- 
 ciate], soldier; collect., soldiery, 
 army, i, 99. 
 
 mille, num. adj., indecl. [mil-, 
 associate], thousa7td, i, 443; as 
 subst., mlUe, plu., milia or mil- 
 lia, N., thousand, i, 325, 326 ; 
 mile (sc. passuum), T. 4. 
 
 Mimas, -antis, m. (MtVas), Mimas, 
 promontory of Ionia, 2, 222. 
 
 minae, -arum, f. [2 man-, min-, 
 project], projections ; threats, 
 menaces, 2, 397, 857. 
 
 minax, -acis, adj. [2 man-, min-, 
 project], projecting ; threaten- 
 ing, I, 91, 2, 483. 
 
 Minerva, -ae, f. [i man-, min-, 
 mind], Minerva, identified 
 with the Greek Athena, god- 
 dess of wisdom, of the sci- 
 ences and of the arts of weav- 
 ing and spinning, the daughter 
 of Jupiter, 2, 788, T. 13. 
 
VOCABULARY. 
 
 185 
 
 minimus, -a, -um, adj., sup., see 
 parvus. 
 
 minister, -trl, m., attendant, pro- 
 moter, helper, 2, 837. 
 
 ministrd, i, -avT, -atus (minister, 
 attendant^, wait upon, serve, 
 A. 36 ; furnish, supply, 2, 
 289. 
 
 minitor, i, -atus, dep., freq. (mi- 
 nor, project) [2 MAN-, MIN-], 
 threaten, menace, 2, 199. 
 
 minor, i, -atus, dep. (minae, 
 threats) [2 man-, Mm-'], project ; 
 threaten, 2, 859. 
 
 minor, minus, -oris, adj., comp., 
 see parvus. 
 
 minus, adv., comp. (n. of minor, 
 less), less, i, 204, 2, 44; with a 
 negative, not less, likewise, 2, 
 340. 
 
 miraculum, -1, n. (miror, wo7tder) 
 [mir-], wonder, marvel, won- 
 derful thing, 2, 193. 
 
 miror, i, -atus, dep. (mirus, won-, 
 derful) [mir-], wonder, wonder 
 at, marvel at, admire^ i, 301, 
 2, III, 353»85^ A. 35. 
 
 mirus, -a, -um, .idj. [mir-, won- 
 der'], wonderful, i, 252. 
 
 misced, 2, miscuT, mixtus, mix, 
 mingle, i, 51, 82, 147, 2, 850, 
 T.94. 
 
 miser, -era, -erum, adj. [mis-, 
 wretched], wretched, miserable, 
 I, 508, 584, 651, etc. 
 
 miserabilis, -e, adj. (miseror, la- 
 ment) [mis-], lamentable, piti- 
 able, wretched, 2, 329. 
 
 miserandus, -a, -um (p. of mise- 
 
 ror, lament) [mis-], pitiable, 
 lamentable, i, 359. 
 
 misereor, 2, -itus, dep. (miser, 
 wretched) [mis-], pity, have 
 compassion, 2, 294. 
 
 mitis, -e, adj., mild, friendly, 
 kind, gentle, i, 380, 403, 2, 816, 
 ^Go\ ii' hole some, 2, 288. 
 
 mitio, 3, misi, missus [mit-, 
 se7td'\, send, throw, cast, hurl^ 
 I, 113, 154, 226, etc. . 
 
 moderamen, -inis, n. (moderor, 
 set a measure) [3 MA-, mad-], 
 management, control, 2, 48, 67. 
 
 moderate, adv. (moderatus, mod- 
 erate) [3 MA-, .'\D-], moder- 
 ately, I, 510, 511. 
 
 moderor, i, -atus, dep. (modus, 
 measure) [3 ma-, mad-], set a 
 measure ; rule, direct, guide, i, 
 
 83- 
 
 modo, adv. (abl. of modus, meas- 
 ure) [3 MA-, MAT)-], only, merely. 
 
 1, 325, 326, 647 , etc. ; Just now, 
 recently, i, 87, 299, 410, etc.; 
 modo . . . modo, sometimes . . . 
 sometimes, now . . . now, 2, 206, 
 866 ; so modo . . . interdum, 2, 
 189. 
 
 modus, -1, M. [3 MA-, MAD-, meas- 
 ure], 7neasure ; rhythm, T. 24 ; 
 manner, way, i, 181, 360, 628. 
 
 moenia, -ium, n. [mv-, shut, fas- 
 ten], walls, ramparts, city walls, 
 
 2, 214, 401. 
 
 moles, -is, f., huge mass, pile, i, 
 7, 156, 258; dam, bank, i, 279, 
 2, 12. 
 
 molior, 4, -itus, dep. (moles. 
 
186 
 
 VOCABULARY. 
 
 mass), use force; endeavor, 
 attempt, raise, 2, 135. 
 
 mollio, 4, -ivT, -itus (mollis, soft), 
 make soft, softe?t, i, 402; soften, 
 cook soft, I, 229. 
 
 mollis, -e, adj., soft, yielding, pli- 
 ant, tender, gentle, mild, i, 100, 
 549, 685, T. 65 ; as subst., soft 
 thing, I, 20. 
 
 Molossus, -a, -um, adj. (MoXoo-- 
 <r6$), Molossian, of the Molossi, 
 a people of Epirus, i, 226. 
 
 monitum, -T, n. (moneo, remind) 
 [l MAN-, MEN-], advice, warfi- 
 ^V» I, 397, 2, 126. 
 
 monitus, -us, m. (moneo, remind) 
 [i MAN-, MEN-], warning, ad- 
 monition, 2, 103. 
 
 m5ns, montis, m. [2 man-, min-, 
 project^ mountain, range of 
 mountains, i, 44, 95, 133, etc. 
 
 m5nstnim, -1, n. [i man-, men-, 
 mind'\, portent, wonder ; won- 
 derful change, 2, 367 ; monster, 
 
 1,437. 
 
 montanus, -a, -um, adj. (mons, 
 mountain) [2 man-, min-], of 
 mountains, mountain, i, 104, 
 310, 2, 841. 
 
 monticola, -ae, m. and f. (mons, 
 mountain) [2 man-, min-] 
 [col-], mountaineer, inhabitant 
 of the mountains, i, 193. 
 
 monumentum (monim-), -1, n. 
 [i MAN-, MEN-, mind'], re- 
 minder, memorial, monument, 
 
 I, 159- 
 mora, -ae, f. [smar-, mar-, 
 think"], delay, hesitation, i, 214, 
 
 369, 671, etc.; in abl., with 
 delay, by degrees, gradually, i, 
 402. 
 
 mordeo, 2, momordl, morsus, 
 bite, T. 124 ; bite, pain, vex, 
 consume, 2, 806. 
 
 morior, 3 and 4, mortuus, dep. 
 [mar-, weak, die], die, expire, T. 
 130. 
 
 moror, i, -atus, dep. (mora, delay) 
 [smar-], delay, stay, linger, 
 abide, 2, 846 ; gerund, by de- 
 grees, I, 421. 
 
 mors, -tis, f. [mar-, weak, die], 
 death, i, 224, 661 ; by meton., 
 the dead, 2, 340. 
 
 morsus, -us, m. (mordeo, bite)^ 
 bite ; bite, teeth, i, 538. 
 
 mortalis, -e, adj. (mors, death) 
 [mar-], subject to death, mortal, 
 I, 188, 260, 365, 2, 56; as 
 subst., mortal, i, 96, 223, 247. 
 
 morum, -T, n. (fiQpov), mulberry ; 
 blackberry, i, 105. 
 
 mos, moris, m. [i ma-, man-, 
 measure], way, habit, manner, 
 I, 745; custom, usage, 2, 345. 
 
 motus, -us, m. [mov-, MV-, move], 
 motion, moveme7tt, i, 284. 
 
 moveo, 2, movT, motus [mov-, 
 MV-, move], move, set in motion, 
 stir, I, 707, 2, 158, 817, 821 ; 
 move, hurl, send, 2, 308 ; move, 
 shake, I, 180; move, arouse, 
 excite, i, 55, 2, ']']%, T. 59, 66; 
 . move, persuade, affect, i, 381, 
 395» 53i» etc. 
 
 mox, adv., soon, presently, there- 
 upon, theft, I, 109, 222, 403, etc. 
 
VOCABULARY. 
 
 187 
 
 mucro, -onis, m., edge, point ; 
 
 sword, I, 227. 
 mugio, 4, -ivi, , low, bellow, 
 
 1, 746, 2, 851. 
 
 mugitus, -us, M. (mugio, low), 
 lowing, bellowing, i, 637, 732. 
 
 mulceo, 2, -SI, -sus, graze, touch 
 lightly, caress, i, 108; soothe, 
 calm, delight, i, 331, 391, 2, 
 683. 
 
 IVEulciber, -eris and -en, m., Mul- 
 ciber, surname of Vulcan, 2, 
 
 5- 
 
 multus, -a, -um, adj. (comp., 
 plus, sup., plurimus), much, i, 
 157, A. 38; as subst., of 
 things, much, 2, 187 ; many, i, 
 682, T. 61, 102 ; of persons, 
 many, i, 478, T. 127. 
 
 munduSy -1, m., world, universe, 
 earth, i, 3, 10, 57, etc. 
 
 miinus, -eris, n. [mv-, shut, fas- 
 ten'], service, gift, present, i, 
 616, 620, 2, 44, etc.; offering, 
 
 2, 341. 
 
 murex, -icis, m., purple-fish, shell- 
 fish, shell, I, 332. 
 
 murmur, -uris, n., murmur, mur- 
 muring, grumbling, growling, 
 I, 206, 2, 788. 
 
 Musa, -ae, f. (Mouca), Muse, one 
 of the nine Muses, who were 
 goddesses of poetry, music, 
 history, etc., T. 20, 117. 
 
 miiscus, -1, m., moss, i, 374. 
 
 mutabilis, -e, adj. (muto, change) 
 [mov-], changeable, 2, 145. 
 
 muto, I, -avi, -atus, freq. (moved, 
 move) [mov-], move, change, 
 alter, transform, 1,1, 2, 409, 
 547. 650. 
 
 miituus, -a, -um, adj. (muto, 
 change) [mov-], borrowed, lent ; 
 mutual, in exchange, in return, 
 
 1, 655. 
 
 Mycale, -es, f., Mycale, promon- 
 tory of Ionia, opposite Samos, 
 
 2, 223. 
 
 Mygdonius, -a, -um, adj., Myg- 
 donian, Thracian (the Myg- 
 donians migrated to Phrygia 
 and Lydia), 2, 247. 
 
 myrtus (mur-), -T, f. {]tL<)pToi), 
 myrtle, myrtle-tree, A. 37. 
 
 N 
 
 Nabataeus (-thaeus), -a, -um, 
 
 adj. (Na/3a^atos), of Nabathaea ; 
 
 Arabian, oriental, i, 61. 
 naias, -adis, f. (usually nais), 
 
 water-nymph. Naiad, i, 691. 
 nais, -idis, f., water-nymph, 
 
 Naiad ; nymph, i, 642,2, 325. 
 nam, conj., for^ i, 2, 22, 185, 
 
 etc. 
 
 namque, conj. (nam, /^r; -que, 
 and), for indeed, for in fact, 
 for, I, 361, 687. 
 
 nanciscor, 3, nactus or nanctus, 
 ^Q^., get, find, reach, i, 232. 
 
 naris, -is, f., nostril, nose, 2, 85. 
 
 nascor, 3, natus [gna-, beget], be 
 born, be produced, spring, 1,78, 
 108, 162, etc. ; partic, born of 
 
188 
 
 VOCABULARY. 
 
 son, daughter, i, (i'j'}^, 2, 686, 
 697, 797, 858. 
 
 Naso, -onis, m. (nasus, large- 
 7tosed), Naso, a Roman family 
 name. 
 
 nata, -ae, f. (natus, ^^r/z) [gna-], 
 daughter, i, 482, 584, 654, etc. 
 
 na talis, -e, adj. (natus, born) 
 [gna-], of birth ; as subst., m., 
 bh'thday, 2, 497, T. 11. 
 
 natOy I, -a VI, -atus, freq. (no, 
 swim) [i NA-], swim, float, 2, 
 268. 
 
 natura, -ae, f. (nascor, be born) 
 [gna-], Nature, as creating 
 power, I, 21 ; nature, created 
 things, creation, 1,6; nature, 
 condition, circumstance, i, 403. 
 
 natus, -1, M. [gna-, beget'], son, i, 
 157, 660, 669, etc. 
 
 navigo, i, -avT, -atus (navis, ship) 
 [i NA-], sail, I, 296. 
 
 navis, -is, f. [i na-, swim], ship, 
 2, 163. 
 
 navita, -ae, m. (navis, ship) 
 [i NA-], sailor, seaman, i, 133. 
 
 ne, adv. and conj. [2 na-, no], 
 {a) as adv., not, 2, loi ; only 
 not, I, 508; {b) as conj., that 
 not, lest, I, 34, 159, 191, etc. ; 
 after expression of fear, that, 
 I, 254, 2, 69; whether not, 2, 
 402. 
 
 -ne, enclit. part, interrog. [2 na-, 
 no], added to the first or prin- 
 cipal word of the clause, merely 
 the sign of the question, i, 
 ^53, 2, 74, 285 ; in indirect 
 question, whether, i, 249; 
 
 with an, whether . . . or, j, 
 585 ; only in second member, 
 or, I, 578. 
 
 nebula, -ae, f. [neb-, cloud], mist, 
 vapor, I, 54, 267, 2, 159. 
 
 nee or neque, conj. (ne, not; 
 -que, and) [2 NA-], and not, 
 nor, I, 8, II, 68, etc. ; nee . . . 
 nee, neither . . . nor, i, 305, 2, 
 54, 169, etc. ; nee n5n, and 
 besides, and also, i, 613. 
 
 necopinus, -a, -um, adj. (nee, not ; 
 (opinus), supposing, cf. opinor, 
 suppose), unexpected, i, 224. 
 
 nectar, -aris, n. (viKxap), nectar, 
 drink of the gods ; fig. for 
 wine, I, III. 
 
 nefas, indecl., n. (ne, not ; fas, 
 divine right) [i Yh.-], that which 
 is contrary to divine law, sin, 
 crim-e, wickedness, i, 129, 392, 
 2, 505, T. loi. 
 
 nego, I, -a VI, -atus (ne, not) 
 [2 AG-, say], say no ; deny, re- 
 fuse, I, 541, 621, 771, etc. 
 
 Neleus, -el, m. (NiyXei/s), Neleus, 
 king of Pylos in Elis, father of 
 Nestor, 2, 689. 
 
 nemo, , dat., nemini, m. and 
 
 F. (ne, not ; hom5, man), no 
 one, nobody, 2, 389, 687, T. 
 
 113- 
 
 nemus, -oris, n. [nem-, allot], 
 woodland, wood, grove, i, 479, 
 568. 
 
 nep5s, -Otis, m., grandson, de- 
 scendant, I, 482, 659, 2, 156. 
 
 Neptiinus, -1, m. [neb-, cloud], 
 Neptune, god of the sea, son 
 
VOCABULARY, 
 
 189 
 
 of Saturn and brother of Jupi- 
 ter, 2, 270. 
 
 nequeo, -Ire, -Tvi, (ne, not ; 
 
 queo, be able)^ not be able, be 
 unable, cannot, i, 409, 2, 488, 
 821. 
 
 Nereis, -idis, f. (Nrjpets, HHripTjis), 
 daughter of Nereus, sea-nymph, 
 Nereid, i, 302. 
 
 Nereus, -ei, m. (Nr/pei^s), Nereus, 
 sea-god, son of Oceanus and 
 Tethys, husband of Doris, 
 and father of the Nereids, i, 
 187, 2, 268. 
 
 nervus, -i, m. {y^vpov), sinew ; 
 cord, string, stringed instru- 
 ment, I, 518; cord, bowstring, 
 
 1,455- 
 
 nescio, 4, -ivT, (ne, 7tot ; 
 
 scio, know) [2 SAC-, sci-], not 
 know, be ignorant, i, 514, 585, 
 2, 234; nescio quis or qui, / 
 know not who, some one, some, 
 a certain, i, 461. 
 
 nescius, -a, -um, adj. (ne, not) 
 [2 SAC-, SCI-, distinguish^, not 
 knowing, ignorant, i, 578, 614, 
 2, 58, 503, 869. 
 
 neve or neu, adv. (ne, not; -ve, 
 or, and) [2 NA-], and not, nor ; 
 and that not, and lest, i, 72, 
 151, 445, etc.; neu . . . neve, 
 and that neither . . . nor, 2, 138. 
 
 nex, necis, f. [2 nec-, noc-, kilP^, 
 death, violent death, 2, 393. 
 
 nexilis, -e, adj. [i nec-, bind\ 
 tied up, bound together, 2, 499. 
 
 niger, -gra, -grum, adj., black, 
 dark, I, 444, 2, 198, 236, etc. 
 
 nihil or nil, indecl., n. (ne, not ; 
 
 hilum, a whit ) [2 na-], nothing, 
 
 I, 743' 2, 707, 796, T. 84. 
 Nilus, -1, M. (NetXos), Nile, river 
 
 of Egypt, I, 423, 728, 2, 254. 
 nimbus, -1, m. [neb-, cloudy, 
 
 rain-storm, shower, storm-cloud, 
 
 1, 261, 266, 269, 328. 
 
 nimis, adv. (ne, not) [2 na-] 
 [i MA-, measure\ beyond meas- 
 ure, too much, I, 494. 
 
 nimium, adv. (nimius, beyond 
 measure) [2 NA-] [i MA-], too 
 much, too, T. 99. 
 
 nimius, -a, -um, adj. (nimis, be- 
 yond measure) [2 NA-] [l MA-], 
 beyond measure, too great, 2, 
 164. 
 
 nisi, conj. (ne, not ; si, if) [2 na-], 
 if not, unless, except, i, 8, 400, 
 442, etc. 
 
 nitidus, -a, -um, adj. (cf. niteo, 
 shine), shining, bright, i, 74, 
 
 2, 3 ; sleek, 2, 694. 
 
 nitor, -oris, m. (cf. niteo, shine), 
 
 brightness, splendor; beauty, 
 
 grace, i, 552. 
 nxtor, 3, nixus or nisus, press 
 
 upon ; make way, advance, 
 
 struggle, 2, 72. 
 niveus, -a, -um, adj. (nix, snow), 
 
 snowy, snow-white, i, 652, 2, 
 
 865. 
 nix, nivis, f., snow, i, 50, 2, 222, 
 
 852. 
 
 no, I, -avi, [i NA-, swiml, 
 
 swim, float, i, 304, 2, 11. 
 
 nobilis, -e, adj. [gna-, gno-, 
 know^ well-known ; high-born, 
 
190 
 
 VOCABULARY. 
 
 of high rank, i, 172 ; exrel- 
 lent, superior, 2, 690. 
 
 nocens, -entis, adj. (p. of noceo) 
 [2 NEC-, NOC-, kill\ hurtful, 
 injurious, guilty, i, 141,2, 800, 
 T. loi. 
 
 noceo, 2, -cui, -citurus [2 nec-, 
 NOC-, kill\ hurt, injure, do 
 harm, i, 397, 662, 2, 519. 
 
 nolo, nolle, nolui (ne, not ; volo, 
 wish) [2 NA-] [i VOL-], not 
 wish, be unwilling, i, 438, 2, 
 
 5.8. 
 
 nomen, -inis, n. [gna-, gno-, 
 know\ means of knowing, 
 name, i, 169, 201, 317, etc. 
 
 non, adv. (for old noenum, ne, 
 not ; oenum, unum, ^«^) [2 na-], 
 not, I, 9, 34, 49, etc. 
 
 Nonacrinus, -a, -um, adj., of 
 Nonacris (mountain of Arca- 
 dia) ; Nonacrian, Arcadiaii, i, 
 690. 
 
 nondum, adv. [2 na-, 'no'], not 
 yet, I, 94, 97, 164, etc. 
 
 nosco, 3, novi, notus [gna-, 
 GNO-, know\ come to know, 
 know, ascertain, i, 96, 132, 
 198, etc. 
 
 noster, -tra, -trum, possess, adj. 
 (n5s, we), our, ours, of us, i, 
 211, 356, 379»etc. 
 
 nota, -ae, f. [gna-, gno-, know], 
 means of recognition, mark, 
 
 ^^s^") i> 761- 
 
 notabilis, -e, adj. (not5, mark) 
 [gna-, gno-], notable, conspicu- 
 ous, I, 169. 
 
 noto, I, -avi, -atus (nota, means 
 
 of recognition) [gna-, gno-], 
 
 mark ; mark, scratch, i, 509. 
 notus, -a, -um, adj. (p. of nosco, 
 
 know) [gna-, gno-], kno%vn ; 
 
 well-known, famous, T. 56 ; 
 
 customary, usual, i, 370. 
 Notus or Notos, -T, m. (N6tos), 
 
 Notus, south wind, i, 264. 
 novem, num. adj., indecl., nine, 
 
 T. 77, 78. 
 noverca, -ae, f. (cf. novus, 7tew) 
 
 [i NV-], stepmother, i, 147. 
 noviens (-ies), num. adv. (novem, 
 
 nine), nine tim.es, T. 4. 
 novitas, -atis, f. (novus, 7tew) 
 
 [i NV-], newness, strangeness, 
 
 2,31- 
 novus, -a, -um, adj. [i nv-, now], 
 new, I, II, 437, 439 ; new, 
 fresh, I, I, 554, 2, 365 ; young, 
 2, 27 J strange, i, 709; un- 
 usual, unknown, i, 310, 640, 
 678, etc.; sup., last, i, 772, 2, 
 
 nox, noctis, f. [2 nec-, noc-, 
 kill], night, I, 219, 224, 2, 
 143, G.\.z.\^ night, darkness, i, 
 721. 
 
 noxa, -ae, f. [2 nec-, noc-, kill], 
 harm,, injury, i, 214. 
 
 nubes, -is, f. [neb-, nvb-, cloud], 
 cloud, mist, i, 54, 66, 263, etc. 
 
 nubifer, -era, -erum, adj. (nubes, 
 
 cloud) [neb-, NVB-] [l FER-, 
 
 bear], cloud-bearing, 2, 226. 
 niibila, -orum, n. (plu. of nubilus, 
 cloudy) [neb-, NVB-], clouds, 
 rain-clouds, i, 268, 328, 357, 
 etc. 
 
VOCABULARY. 
 
 191 
 
 nubO) 3, nupsi, nupta [neb-, 
 NVB-], veil one's self, be mar- 
 ried^ marry, T. 70. 
 
 nudo, I, -avi, -atus (nudus, 
 naked), make naked, lay bare, 
 expose, I, 346, 527. 
 
 nudus, -a, -um, adj., naked, bare, 
 I, 501, 2, 28. 
 
 nuUus, -a, -um, gen., nullius, adj. 
 (ne, not ; uUus, any) [2 NA-], 
 not any, no, i, 10, 89, 96, etc. ; 
 as subst., no one, nobody, noth- 
 ing, I, 17, 103, 2, 202. 
 
 numen, -inis, n. [2 nv-, nod'], 
 nod ; divine will, divine power, 
 I, 411 ; divinity, deity, god, i, 
 192, 320, 327, etc. 
 
 nuinerosus,-a,-um, adj. (numerus, 
 number) [nem-, nvm-], full of 
 numbers ; melodious, T. 49. 
 
 numerus, -T, m. [nem-, nvm-, 
 allot], number, i, 47, 428; 
 numbers, rhythm, T. 25. 
 
 numquam or nunquam, adv. (ne, 
 not ; umquam, ever) [2 NA-], 
 never, i, 441, 736, 2, 182. 
 
 nunc, adv. (num, now; -ce, de- 
 monstr. suff.) [i nv-], now, at 
 
 this time, under these circum- 
 stances, I, 58, 187, 235, etc. 
 
 nuntia, -ae, f. (nuntius, messen- 
 ger) [i 'i>iY-'], female 7nessenger, 
 I, 270. 
 
 nuper, adv. [i nv-, now], recently, 
 lately, newly, i, 80, 294, 454, 
 etc. 
 
 nurus, -us, f., a daughter-in-law ; 
 young married woman, 2, 366. 
 
 nusquam, adv. (ne, not ; usquam, 
 anywhere) [2 NA-], nowhere, in 
 no place, under no circum- 
 stances, I, 587, 2, ^^6. 
 
 nuto, I, -avi, -atus, freq. [2 nv-, 
 nod], nod, i, 717. 
 
 nutri5, 4, -ivi, -itus [i na-, nv-, 
 swim], suckle; nourish, sup- 
 port, cherish, i, 420, 496. 
 
 nutus, , abl., nutu, m. [2 nv-, 
 
 7tod], nod, command, will, 2, 
 849. 
 
 nympha, -ae, and nymphe, -es, 
 F. {viixcjiri), bride ; nymph, es- 
 pecially in plu., demi-goddesses, 
 inhabiting the sea, rivers, foun- 
 tains, woods, and mountains, i, 
 192, 320, 472, etc. 
 
 0, interj. of feeling or surprise, 
 O ! oh ! I, 196, 351, 363, etc. 
 
 Obambulo, i, -avi, (ob, be- 
 fore ; ambulo, walk) [va- (ba-)], 
 walk before, wander, 2, 851. 
 
 Obduco, 3, -duxi, -ductus (ob, be- 
 fore ; duco, lead) [dvc-], draw 
 
 before, overspread, cover, 2, 329. 
 
 Obeo, -ire, -ivi, -itus (ob, before ; 
 ®^> S^^ [i"]' S*^ before ; go over, 
 surrou7td, envelop, i, 552. 
 
 Obici5, 3, -ieci, -iectus (ob, before ; 
 iaci5, throw) [iac-], throw be- 
 fore, put before, present, I, 725. 
 
192 
 
 VOCABULARY. 
 
 Obiecto, I, -avT, -at us, freq. 
 (obicio, throw befoi'e) [lAC-], set 
 against; charge, impute, re- 
 proach with, 2, 400. 
 
 obliquus, -a, -um, adj. [lac-, lic-, 
 crook ^ sidelong, oblique; slop- 
 ing, I, 39; crosswise, 2, 130; 
 sidelong, 2, 787. 
 
 oblitus, -a, -um, adj. (p. of obli- 
 viscor, forget'), forgetful, un- 
 mindful, 2, 493 ; unmindful, 
 indifferent, T. 105. 
 
 oborior, 4, -ortus, dep. (ob, 
 before ; orior, rise) [oL-, or-], 
 rise before, spring up, arise, 
 rise, I, 350, 2, 181. 
 
 obruo, 3, -ui, -utus (ob, over ; 
 ru6, throw down) [RV-], ove7'- 
 throw, cover, bury, i, 124, 156, 
 
 309- 
 
 Obscurus, -a, -um, adj., dark, ob- 
 scure, I, 388, 2, 514. 
 
 obsequor, 3, -cutus, dep. (ob, 
 towards ; SQ(\\iox, follow) [sec-], 
 comply, gratify, agree, i, 488. 
 
 observo, i, -avl, -atus (ob, before ; 
 servo, keep) [2 sal-], watch, 
 care for, attend to, i, 514. 
 
 Obses, -idis, m. and f. (ob, before) 
 [SED-, SID-, J//], hostage, i, 
 227. 
 
 obsisto, 3, -stiti, -stitus (ob, 
 against ; sisto, set) [sta-], set 
 agai7ist, resist, withstand, op- 
 pose, I, 58. 
 
 obstipesco (obstup-), 3, -puT, , 
 
 inch, (ob, before ; stupesco, be- 
 come amazed), be astonished, be 
 stupefied, be struck dumb, i, 384. 
 
 Obsto, I, -stiti, (ob, before ; 
 
 sto, stand) {^tk-I, stand before, 
 
 oppose, hi7ider, withstand, i, 
 
 18, 2, 159, T. 115. 
 obtusus or obtunsus, -a, -um, 
 
 adj. (p. of obtundo, blunt), dull, 
 
 blunt, obtuse, i, 471. 
 Obvius, -a, -um, adj. (ob, before ; 
 
 via, way) [vag-, veh-], i7i the 
 
 way, 77ieeting, opposite, i, 528, 
 
 2, 75- 
 
 occasus, -us, M. (ob, down) [cad-, 
 fall\ falling ; setti7tg, sunset, 
 west, I, 354, 2, 190. 
 
 occido, 3, -cidi, -casus (ob, down ; 
 cado, fall) [cab-], fall down, 
 perish, be ruined, i, 240. 
 
 occiduus, -a, -um, adj. (ob, down) 
 [cad-, fall], going down, set- 
 ting, I, 63. 
 
 occulo, 3, -cului, -cultus (ob, ove7') 
 [2 CAL-, cover], cover over, hide, 
 C07tceal, 2, 255. 
 
 OCCUlto, I, -avT, -atus, freq., hide, 
 conceal, 2, 686. 
 
 occultus, -a, -um, adj. (p. of 
 occulo, cover over) [2 cal-], 
 hidden, concealed, secret, 2, 806, 
 T. 108. 
 
 0CCUp5, I, -a VI, -atus (ob, towards) 
 \_CAF-, take], take into possession, 
 occupy, seize, i, 293, 548, 667, 
 2, 150 ; cover, fill, i, 721. 
 
 Dceanus, -T, m. {^^Keavbi), ocea7t, 
 the outer sea, the stream that 
 flowed around the world ; per- 
 sonified, Oceanus, son of 
 Caelum and Terra, husband 
 of Tethys, 2, 510. 
 
VOCABULARY. 
 
 193 
 
 ocior, ocius, adj., comp. [2 ac-, 
 
 swift^ swifter^ quicker^ i, 502, 
 
 541, etc. 
 ocius, adv. [2 AC-, swift^ more 
 
 quickly ; the quicker the better^ 
 
 immediately, i, 242. 
 OCUlus, -1, M. [i AC-, sharp], eye, 
 
 I, 239, 499^ 629, etc. 
 odi, odisse, osurus, hate, 2, 383, 
 
 782. 
 
 Oeagrius, -a, -um, adj. (Otd7ptos), 
 Oeagrian, of Oeagrus, king of 
 Thrace, 2, 219. 
 
 Oetaeus, -a, -um, adj., Oetaeaji, 
 ofOeta, I, 313. 
 
 Oete, -es, m. and f., or Oeta, -ae, 
 F. (OfrTy), Oeta, mountain range 
 of Thessaly, 2, 217. 
 
 Oifendo, 3, -fendl, -fensus (ob, 
 against ; *fend6, strike^, strike 
 against; offend, displease, 2, 
 "~~ 519. 
 
 offero (obf-), offer re, obtulT, obla- 
 tus (ob, before ; fero, bear') 
 [i FER-], bear before, presejtt, 
 offer, I, 644. 
 
 officium, -1, N. (for opificium, 
 opus, work) [ap-, op-] [fac-, 
 do'\, service, functioft, part, i, 
 744, 2, 286, 385, 480. 
 
 oliva, -ae, f. (iXaia), olive, olive 
 branch, T. 95. 
 
 Olympus (-pos), -T, m. ("OXu/xttos), 
 Olympus, a mountain on the 
 borders of Thessaly and Mace- 
 donia, regarded as the abode 
 of the gods, I, 154, 2, 225; 
 heaven, sky, the dwelling-place 
 of the gods, I, 212, 2, 60. 
 
 omnipotens, -entis, adj. (omnis, 
 all ; potens, powerful) [pot-], 
 all powerful, almighty, i^ 154, 
 2, 304, 401 ; as subst., M., the 
 Ahnighty, i.e., Jupiter, 2, 505. 
 
 omnis, -e, adj., all, every, the 
 whole, I, 34, 129, 261, etc.; as 
 subst., N. plu., all things, every- 
 thing, I, 5, 69, 102, etc.; as 
 subst., M. and f. plu., all men, 
 all persons, i, 199, 242, 247, etc. 
 
 onerosus, -a, -um, adj. (onus, 
 load), burdensome, heavy, i, 53. 
 
 Onus,-eris, n., load, burden, weight, 
 
 1, 47, 2, 165, 681, T. 36. 
 Opacus, -a,-um, adj., shady; dark, 
 
 2, 274. 
 
 Operosus, -a, -um, adj. (opera, 
 labo7') [ap-, OV-'],full of labor ; 
 toilsome, elaborate, artfully con- 
 structed, 1l^ 258. 
 
 Opifer, -era, -erum, adj. ((ops), 
 aid) [ap-, op-] [i FER-, bear'l, 
 aid-beai'ing ; as subst., M., 
 helper, healer, i, 521. 
 
 opifex, -icis, m. and f. (opus, 
 work) [ap-, op-] [fac-, make, 
 do'], worker, mechanic, maker, 
 
 I, 79- 
 
 Oppidum, -T, N. (ob, aver ; * pedum, 
 ground) [PED-, tread], town, 
 city, I, 97. 
 
 oppon5, 3, -posui, -positus (ob, 
 against ; pono, put), put 
 against, place against, 2, 276. 
 
 opprimo, 3, -essT, -e^sus (ob, 
 against; ^xtrosi, press) [prem-], 
 press against, weigh down, bur- 
 den, prostrate, 2, 275. 
 
194 
 
 VOCABULARY. 
 
 opprobrium (obp-), -i, n. (ob, 
 against ; probrum, shame) ^ re- 
 proachy disgrace ^ dishonor, i, 
 
 758. 
 
 (ops), opis, F., no. nom. or dat. 
 [ap-, op-, work, help'], aid, help, 
 
 1, 380, 545, 648, etc.; property, 
 wealth, riches, i, 140, 2, 795, 
 T. 22. 
 
 Opt5, I, -avi, -atus [ap-, op-, lay 
 hold, work], choose, wish, de- 
 sire, 2, 56, 102, 141, 148. 
 
 Opus, -eris, n. [ap-, op-, lay hold, 
 work], work, toil, workman- 
 ship, production, i, 445, 469, 
 
 2, 5, III, T. 20, 124; fig., in 
 nom. and ace. w. sum, need, 
 want, I, 279, 2, 785. 
 
 6ra, -ae, f., border, edge, shore, 
 coast, country, T. no. 
 
 oraculum or oraclum, -1, n. (6r6, 
 speak) [os-, mouth], divine att- 
 nouncement, oracle, i, 321, 392, 
 491. 
 
 orbis, -is, m., ring, circle, disk, 2, 
 1Z^ 344» 382 ; orbit, i, 740; ball, 
 \^'T^^', earth, i, 31, 187, 203, etc.; 
 world, universe, i, 6, 770, 2, 
 849; part of the earth, land, i, 
 94, 2, z^Z- 
 
 orbo, I, -avi, -atus (orbus, bereft), 
 bereave, deprive, rob, 2, 391. 
 
 orbus, -a, -um, adj., bereft, de- 
 prived, destitute, i, 72, 247. 
 
 5rd5, -inis, m. [ol-, or-, grow, 
 rise], row, order, 2, 108, 109; 
 order, regularity, 2, 168; rank, 
 position, T. 7. 
 
 origo, -inis, f. (orior, rise) [ol-. 
 
 OR-], beginning, source, descent, 
 origin, i, 3, 252, 352, 415; 
 source, creator, i, 79; race, 
 stock, I, 186. 
 orior, 4, -ortus (3d pers., oritur) 
 [ol-, or-, grow, rise], rise, i, 
 774, 2, 160; come forth, spring, 
 
 1, 431; be born, T. 10. 
 
 oro, I, -avi, -atus [os-, mouth], 
 speak ; beg, entreat, implore, i, 
 510, 648, 704, etc. 
 
 Orontes, -ae and -is, m., Orontes, 
 river of Syria, 2, 248. 
 
 ortus, -us, M. (orior, rise) [oL-,oR-], 
 rising, east, i, 354, 779, 2, 112, 
 190 ; birth, descent, 2, 43, T. 95. 
 
 Ortygius, -a, -um, adj. ('Oprj^yios), 
 Ortygiaft, of Delos, i, 694. 
 
 5s, oris, N. [os-, mouth], mouth, 
 lips, I, 181, 339, 386, etc.; 
 mouth, jaws, i, 234, 281, 538, 
 etc.; face, countenance, i, 85, 
 
 2, 775 ; in plu. for sing., i, 93, 
 484, 552, etc. 
 
 OS, ossis, N., bone, i, 383, 387, 
 394, etc. ; bones, remains, 2, 
 
 osculum, -T, N. (6s, mouth), little 
 
 mouth, §weet mouth, i, 499; 
 
 kiss, I, 376, 556, 646, 2, 357. 
 Ossa, -ae, m. or f. ("Oo-o-a), Ossa, 
 
 mountain in Thessaly, i, 155, 
 
 2, 225. 
 ostendo, 3, -di, -tus (ob(s), before ; 
 
 tendo, stretch) [ten-], stretch 
 
 before, show, point out, expose, 
 
 i» 329, 347, 2, 697. 
 ostium, -1, N. (cf. 6s, mouth), door; 
 
 mouth, 2, 255. 
 
VOCABULARY. 
 
 195 
 
 Othrys, -yos, m. ("Odpvs), OtArys, Ovidius, -i, m., Om'd, the name of 
 
 mountain in Thessaly, 2, 221. a Roman gens and of the poet 
 
 Otium, -1, N., leisure^ ease, rest, PubHus Ovidius Naso. 
 
 peace, i, 100, T. 40. ovis, -is, F., sheep, i, 304. 
 
 P., for Publius, -T, M., a Roman 
 praenomen. 
 
 pabulum, -1, n. [va-, feed'], food, 
 fodder, grass, 2, 212. 
 
 pactum, -1, N. (pactus, agreed) 
 [PAC-, PAG-], agreement, con- 
 tract, compact, 2, 818. 
 
 Padus, -1, M., Po, river of north- 
 ern Italy, 2, 258. 
 
 Paean, -anis, m., Apollo, god of 
 healing, i, 566. 
 
 paelex or pelex or pellex, -icis, 
 F., mistress, concubine, i, 622, 
 726, 2, 508. 
 
 paene, adv., nearly, almost, i, 
 443' T. 69. 
 
 paeniteo, 2, -uT, , make sorry ; 
 
 repent, grieve, impers., 2, 49. 
 
 palatium, -T, n. (Pales, Italian 
 goddess of shepherds), Palatine 
 hill ijt Rome ; plu., palace, as 
 the residence of Augustus was 
 on the Palatine hill, i, 176. 
 
 palearia, , n. plu. (only nom. 
 
 and ace), dewlap (of an ox), 2, 
 854. 
 
 Pallas, -adis and -ados, f. (ITaX- 
 Xcis), Pallas (maiden), Athena, 
 Greek goddess of wisdom, art, 
 and war, daughter of Jupiter, 
 identified with Minerva, 2, 834. 
 
 palleo, 2, -ui, , be pale, lose 
 
 color, fade, i, 374, 2, 824. 
 
 pallesco, 3, pallui, (palleo, 
 
 be pale), turn pale, 2, 180. 
 
 pallor, -oris, ui., paleness, pallor, 
 
 2, 775- 
 palma, -ae (iraXdfjiTj), palm, flat 
 
 hand, hand, i, 646, 2, 341. 
 palpor, I, -atus [pel-, pvl- (pal-), 
 
 drive], stroke, pat, caress, 2, 867. 
 palus, -udis, F., swamp, marsh, 
 
 pool, lake, I, 324, 418, ']yj, 2, 
 
 46. 
 
 paluster, -tris, -tre, adj. (palus, 
 swamp), swampy, m,arshy, of 
 the marsh, i, 706. 
 
 Pan, -OS, M. (ndi/). Pan, god of 
 forests and shepherds, repre- 
 sented with horns, hoofs, and 
 tail, I, 699,705. 
 
 pando, 3, pandT, pass us [pat-, 
 PAD-, Spread], spread out, ex- 
 tend ; spread, dishevel, 2, 238. 
 
 par, paris, adj., equal, like, T. 6. 
 
 parco, 3, pepercT or pars!, parsus, 
 spare, not injure, 1,311,2, 127, 
 361, 362. 
 
 parens, -entis, m. and f. (p. of 
 pario, bring forth) [PAR-],/^r- 
 ent, father, mother, i, 383, 393, 
 578, etc. 
 
1% 
 
 VOCABULARY. 
 
 parentalis, -e, adj. (parens, par- 
 ent) [par-], parental, of par- 
 ents, T. 87. 
 
 pareo, 2, -ui, [par-, part, 
 
 breed\ appear, be at hand ; 
 obey, comply, i, 385, 2, 126. 
 
 pario, 3, peperl, partus [par-, 
 part, breed'], bring forth, bear, 
 I, 417- 
 
 pariter, adv. (par, equal), equally; 
 together, at the same time, i, 
 369, 2, 312, 505, 698, 701. 
 
 Parnasus (-os), -I, m. (na/)»'ao-6s), 
 Parnassus, mountain in Phocis, 
 sacred to Apollo and the 
 Muses, at whose foot lay 
 Delphi, I, 317, 467, 2, 221. 
 
 paro, I, -a VI, -atus [par-, pa^-t, 
 breed], make ready, prepare, i, 
 183, 225, 249, etc. 
 
 pars, partis, f. \yK^-,part, breed], 
 part, I, 191, 315, 407, etc.; 
 part, side, i, 35, 46, 2, 227, 
 839 ; direction, quarter, section, 
 I, 667, 2, 160, 317 ; part, duty, 
 devotion, i, 245. 
 
 partim, adv. (ace. of pars, part ) 
 [par-], partly, in part, i, 40, 
 228, 436. 
 
 partus, -us, m. (pario, bring forth) 
 [par-], bearing, birth, i, 669. 
 
 parvus, -a, -um, adj. (for*pau- 
 rus) \yKY-, little], little, small, 
 I, 319, 2, 214, 855; little, 
 short, I, 671 ; small, low, 2, 
 788 ; comp., minor, -us, less, i, 
 215, 465, T. 127 ; as subst., 
 younger, T. 55 ; sup., minimus, 
 -a, -um, T. 67. 
 
 pasco, 3, pavi, pastus \yK-,feed], 
 cause to eat, feed ; pass., be fed, 
 feed, graze, i, 630, 632, 2, 841, 
 A. 39. 
 
 pascuus, -a, -um, adj. (pasco, 
 feed) [pa-], grazing ; plu. as 
 subst., ^., pastures, 1 J 665, 2, 
 689. 
 
 passim, adv. (cf. passus, out- 
 spread) [pat-, pad-], scattered 
 about, here and there, at ran- 
 dom, in every direction, i, 57, 
 
 2, i93-_ 
 
 passus, -us, M., step, pace, i, 532, 
 2, ']T2, T. 27. 
 
 pastor, -oris, m. \yK-,feed], shep- 
 herd, I, 513, 676, 681. 
 
 pastorius, -a, -um, adj. (pastor, 
 
 ' shepherd) [PA-], of a shepherd, 
 2, 680. 
 
 Patareus, -a, -um, adj., Patarean, 
 of Patara, a seaport of Lycia, 
 I, 516. 
 
 patefacio, 3, -feci, -factus (pateo, 
 lie opeit ; facio, make) [pat-] 
 [fac-], make open, ope7i, i, 
 284, 2, 112, 819. 
 
 pateo, 2, -ui [pat-, spread], lie 
 open; open, 2, 768 ; extend, 
 stretch, i, 241 ; lie open, be evi- 
 dent, be manifest, i, 518. 
 
 pater, -tris, m. [va-, feed], father, 
 I, 154, 163, 481, etc. 
 
 paternus, -a, -um, adj. (pater, 
 father) [pa-], of a father, 
 father's, i, 363, 2, 47, 126, etc. 
 
 patiens, -entis, adj. (p. of patior, 
 suffer), suffering, bearing, en- 
 during, 2, 123. 
 
VOCABULARY. 
 
 197 
 
 patior, 3, passus, dep., suffer, 
 
 bear, endure, i, 243, 644, 2, 
 
 86, etc. 
 patria, -ae, f. (patrius, of a 
 
 father) \^A-'\, fatherland, native 
 
 country, 2, 323, T. 3. 
 patrius, -a, -um, adj. (pater, 
 
 father) [pa-], of a father, 
 
 father's, i, 148, 646, 6-]^^, etc. 
 patruelis, -e, adj. (patruus, 
 
 uncle) [pa-], of a father'' s 
 
 brother, i, 352. 
 patulus, -a, -um, adj. [pat-, pad-, 
 
 spread\ spreading out, broad, 
 
 1, 106; opeji, wide, 2, 379. 
 paulatim, adv. (paulum, a little) 
 
 [PAV-], little by little, gradually, 
 
 2, 827, 866. 
 
 paulum, adv. (paulus, little) 
 
 [PAV-], a little, 2, 277. 
 paveo, 2, pavl, , fear, be 
 
 afraid, tremble with fear, i, 
 
 376, 386, 2, 31, etc. 
 pavidus, -a, -um, adj. (paveo, 
 
 fear), trembling, fearful, timid, 
 
 I, 386, 2, 66. 
 pax, pacis, F. [pac-, fix\, com- 
 pact ; peace, i, 25, 2, 795; 
 
 calm, rest, 2, 858. 
 pectus, -oris, n. [pac-, fix\, 
 
 breast, i, 554, 657, 2, 66, etc.; 
 
 breast, heart, soul, miitd, i, 
 
 495, 520, 726, etc. 
 pecus, -oris, n. \yAC-,fix'\, cattle, 
 
 I, 680, 2, 288. 
 pecus, -udis, f. [pac-, fx"], head 
 
 of cattle, brute, animal, sheep; 
 
 plu., herd of cattle, i, 235, 286. 
 peior, -us, adj., comp. ; see malus. 
 
 pelagUS, -i, N. (iri\ayo^), sea, i, 
 
 331, 2, 273, T. 107. 
 Pelion, -T, N. {Jl-qXiov), Pelion, 
 
 mountain in Thessaly, i, 155. 
 pellis, -is, f., skin, hide, 2, 680. 
 pello, 3, pepulT, pulsus [pel-, 
 
 drivel, drive, beat ; drive away, 
 
 expel, banish, 2, 525, 838, T. 
 
 93- 
 
 Penates, -ium, m. \vK-,feed\ the 
 Penates, household gods, i, 
 231 ; hyxneion., house, dwelling, 
 home, I, 174, 773. 
 
 pendeo, 2, pependl, [pand-, 
 
 pull, jerk"], hang, be suspended^ 
 I, 120, 268, 497, -etc.; hang, 
 float, 1 , 12; hang, depend, be 
 dependent, i, 186. 
 
 Peneis, -idis, adj., f. {^-qvtiii), of 
 the Peneus, Penean, i, 544 ; 
 referring to Daphne, the daugh- 
 ter of Peneus, i, 472; voc, 
 Penei, i, 504. 
 
 Peneius, -a, -um, adj. {Jly\viiioi), 
 of Peneus, Penean, i, 452; as 
 subst., F., the Penean, daughter 
 of Peneus, i, 525. 
 
 penetrans, -e, adj. (penetro, 
 enter) [pa-], inner ; as subst., 
 N., interior, inner room, shrine, 
 I, 287, 574^ 
 
 penetro, i, -avT, -atus (cf. penus, 
 provision) [pa-], enter, pene- 
 trate, 2, 260. 
 
 Peneus (-os), -1, m. (ni7»'ci6s), 
 Peneus, river of Thessaly, i, 
 569; river-god, father of 
 Daphne, 2, 243. 
 
 penitus, adv. (cf. penus, provi- 
 
198 
 
 VOCABULARY. 
 
 sion) [pa-], inwardly, deeply, 
 far within, far away, 2, 179. 
 
 penna, -ae, f. (*petna) [pet-, 
 fly'\, feather, i, 722; plu., 
 wing, I, 267, 466, 540, etc. ; 
 sing., collect., wings, i, 506, 2, 
 376. 
 
 per, prep. w. ace. [per-, through\ 
 through, throughout, over, i, 
 285, 473, 521, etc.; through, 
 during, for, i, 117, T. 70 ; 
 through, by means of, i, 368, 
 2, 38, 181 ; through, by (agent), 
 I, 517, 518; by (oaths), i, 188, 
 763, 768, etc.; through, of, i, 
 102 ; through, by, within (man- 
 ner), 2, 354, T. 105. 
 
 perago, 3, -eg!, -actus (per, 
 through; ago, drive) [i AG-], 
 drive through, carry out, exe- 
 cute, 2, \\<^', go through, live in, 
 
 1, 100; set forth, show, i, 650. 
 percalesco, 3, -calul, ,inch.(per, 
 
 through ; calesc5, grow warm) 
 [3 CAL-], be heated through, be- 
 come very warm, i, 418. 
 
 percenseo, 2, -ui, (per, 
 
 through; censeo, tax, cozint), 
 count over ; go over, travel over, 
 
 2, 335- 
 
 percutio, 3, -cussi, -cussus (per, 
 through ; quatio, shake), strike 
 through, pierce, smite, strike, i, 
 283, 466. 
 
 perdo, 3, -did!, -ditus (per, 
 through) [2 DA-, piit\ make 
 way with, destroy, i, 188, 224, 
 261, etc.; kill, I, 444; squan- 
 der, throw away, waste, i, 531. 
 
 perdomo, i, -ui, -itus (per, 
 through; domo, tame) [dom-], 
 tame thoroughly ; conquer, van- 
 quish, I, 447. 
 
 peregrinus, -a, um, adj. (peregre, 
 abroad) [i AG-], strange, for- 
 eign, I, 94,2,337. 
 
 pereo, -ire, -ii or -ivi, -iturus (per, 
 through ; eo, go) {l-^pass away; 
 perish, i, 240, 2, 214, 280, etc. ; 
 die, T. 32,82 ; be lost, i, 273. 
 
 perfidus, -a, -um, adj. (per, 
 through) [i FID-, trust], 
 promise-breaking ; faithless, per- 
 fidious, 2, 704. 
 
 perfringo, 3, -fregi, -fractus 
 (per, through; f range, break) 
 [frag-], break through, i, 
 154. 
 
 perfundo, 3, -fudl, -fusus (per, 
 over ; f undo, pour) [fv-, fvd-], 
 pour over, besprinkle, drench, 
 I, 157,2, 339. 
 
 perhorresc5, 3, -rul, inch, (per, 
 through ; horresco, bristle up) 
 [hors-], bristle up ; tremble 
 greatly, shudder, i, 203. 
 
 periculum or periclum, -i, n. 
 [per-, through], trial ; peril, 
 danger, i, 353. 
 
 periurus, -a, -um, adj. (per, 
 through ; ius, right) [iv-], 
 oath-breaking, perjured, 2, 705. 
 
 perlucidus, -a, -um, adj. (per, 
 through ; lucidus, shining) 
 [LVC-], shining through ; tratis- 
 parent, 2, 856. 
 
 permaneo, 2, -mansT, -mansurus 
 (per, through ; maneo, stay) 
 
VOCABULARY. 
 
 199 
 
 [i MAN-, MEN-], hold out, re- 
 main, continue, T. ^y 
 
 permitto, 3, -mlsl, -missus (per, 
 through; mitto, send) [mit-], 
 let pass, let go, give up, allow, 
 permit, i, 58. 
 
 permulceo, 2, -mulsl, -mulsus 
 (per, through ; mulce5, stroke), 
 rub gently, touch gently, soothe, 
 I, 716. 
 
 perosus, -a, -um, partic, dep. (per, 
 completely ; 6di, hate), hating 
 greatly, detesting, 2, 379. 
 
 perpetuus, -a, -um, adj., con- 
 tinuous, constant, perpetual, i, 
 4, 486, 565. 
 
 Persis, -idis, f., Persia, country 
 of Asia, I, 62. 
 
 perspicio, 3, -spexi, -spectus (per, 
 through; specie, look) [spec-], 
 look through, view, examine, 
 inspect, 2, 1 1 2, 405. 
 
 perterreo, 2, , -itus (per, 
 
 thormighly ; terreo, frighten) 
 [2 TER-], frighten thoroughly, 
 greatly terrify, 2, 254. 
 
 pertimesco, 3, -mm, , inch. 
 
 (per, thoroughly ; *timesc6, 
 become frightened) [2 TEM-, 
 TIM-], be frightened^ fear 
 greatly, i, 638, 641, 2, 495. 
 
 pervenio, 4, -venT, -ventus (per, 
 through; veni5, come) [va-, 
 VEN-], come through, arrive, 
 1,41,2,765. 
 
 pervius, -a, -um, adj. (per, 
 through ; via, way) [vag-, 
 VEH-], passable, accessible, 2, 
 762. 
 
 pes, pedis, m. [ped-, tread\ foot, 
 I, 448, 534» 551, etc. 
 
 pestifer, -era, -erum, adj. (pestis, 
 plague) [i FER-, bear^ destruc- 
 tive, noxious, baleful, i, 459. 
 
 peto, 3, -ivi or -ii, petitus [pet-, 
 fly\ seek, aim, at, repair to, 
 I, 316, 534, 2, 33, etc. ; seek, 
 woo, court, I, 478 ; seek, beg, 
 ask, I, 616, 2, 44, 54, 91. 
 
 Phaethon, -ontis, m. (^aidwv, 
 shining one), Phaethon, son 
 of Apollo and Clymene, i, 
 75i» 755' 765, etc. 
 
 Phaethiisa, -ae, f. (^a^dovaa, 
 shining one), Pha'ethusa, sister 
 of Phaethon, 2, 346. 
 
 pharetra, -ae, f. ((papirpa), 
 quiver, i, 443, 468, 559. 
 
 pharetra tus, -a, -um, adj. (phare- 
 tra, quiver), wearing a quiver, ■ 
 quivered, T. no. 
 
 Phasis, -idis or -idos, m. ($a<rt$), 
 Phasis, river of Colchis, 2, 
 249. 
 
 Phegiacus, -a, -um, adj., Phegian, 
 of Phegia, a city of Arcadia, 
 by which the Erymanthus 
 flows, 2, 244. 
 
 Philyreius, -a, -um, adj., Phily- 
 reian, w. herds referring to 
 Chiron, son of the nymph 
 Philyra, 2, 676. 
 
 Phlegon, -ontis, m. {(t>\iy(jov, fam- 
 ing), Phlegon, one of the horses 
 of the sun, 2, 154. 
 
 phoca, -ae, f. {cfxhKT}), seal, sea- 
 dog, I, 300, 2, 267. 
 
 Phocis, -idis, f. (^w/cis), Phocis, 
 
200 
 
 VOCABULARY. 
 
 country of central Greece, west 
 of Boeotia, i, 313. 
 
 Phoebe, -es, f. (^oi^tj), Phoebe, 
 sister of Apollo, Diana, 
 goddess of the chase, i, 476; 
 Inoon goddess, i, 11. 
 
 Phoebus, -1, M. (<l>o?j3os, shining 
 one), Phoebus, name of Apollo, 
 the sun-god, i, 451, 452, 463, 
 etc. ; by meton., the sun, 2, 1 10 ; 
 w. uterque, the sun as to his 
 position, the east and the west, 
 
 Phor5nis, -idos, f., Phoronis, lo, 
 daughter of Inachus, a de- 
 scendant of Phoroneus, king 
 of Argos, I, 668, 2, 524. 
 
 piceus, -a, -um, adj. (pix, pitch), 
 pitchy, pitch-black, i, 265, 2, 
 233, 800. 
 
 pietas, -atis, f. (plus, dutiful), 
 duty, devotion, piety, i, 149; 
 love, affection, loyalty, i, 204. 
 
 piger, -gra, -grum, adj. [pac-, 
 fix\ , unwilling, slow^ dull, slug- 
 gish, I, 551, 2, 174. 
 
 piget, 2, -guit or -gitum est, im- 
 "^QT?,., it grieves, disgusts, causes to 
 repent, makes sorry, 2, 183, 386. 
 
 pignus, -oris or -eris, N. [pac-, 
 fix\, pledge, token, assurance, 
 2, 38, 91. 
 
 pigre, adv. (piger, slow) [pac-], 
 slowly, sluggishly, 2, 771. 
 
 Pindus (-os), -T, m. {Jllvhoi), 
 Pindus, mountain in Thes- 
 saly, I, 570, 2, 225. 
 
 pinetum, -1, n. (pinus, pine), 
 pine forest, i, 217. 
 
 pinus (-us), abl., pinu, f., pine, 
 pine-tree, i, 95 ; wreath of pine 
 leaves, i, 699; ship, 2, 185. 
 
 Pirenis, -idis, adj., f. (Ilei/oTyWs), 
 of Pirene, fountain in the 
 citadel of Corinth, 2, 240. 
 
 Pisaeus, -a, -um, adj., Pisaean, 
 of Pisa, city in Elis, T. 95. 
 
 piscis, -is, Vi., fish, I, 74, 296, 2, 
 13, etc. 
 
 plus, -a, -um, adj., dutiful, pious, 
 I, 221 \ just, right, I, 392. 
 
 placeo, 2, -cm (or placitus sum), 
 -citus, please, be pleasing, i, 
 225, 512, 2, 58, etc.; be de- 
 termined, I, 260, 2, 279. 
 
 placidus, -a, -um, adj., gentle, 
 quiet, calm, i, 107, 390, 702. 
 
 plaga, -ae, f. [plec-, braid\ 
 hunting net, snare, 2, 499 ; 
 stretch of country, region, zone, 
 1,48. 
 
 plangor, -oris, m. (plango, strike), 
 striking, beating, wailing, 2, 
 346. 
 
 plaustrum, -T, n. [plv-, flow'l, 
 wagon, ca?'t, wain, 2, 177. 
 
 plebs, plebis, or plebes, -ei or -1, 
 F. [PLE-, PLV-, yf//], common 
 people, I, 173. 
 
 Pleias or Pleas (Plias), -adis, f. 
 (TrXr/tds or TrXeids), a Pleiad, 
 daughter of Atlas and Pleione, 
 one of the seven stars, i, 670. 
 
 plenus, -a, -um, adj. [ple-, fill\ 
 full, abou7zding, brimming, i, 
 344, 2, 113, 484, I^Z^ A. 36. 
 
 pliima, -ae, f. \y'L\-,flow'\, downy 
 feather, feather, 2, 374. 
 
VOCABULARY. 
 
 201 
 
 plumbum, -I, n., lead, i, 471. 
 
 plurimus, see multus. 
 
 plus, see multus. 
 
 pluvius, -a, -um, adj. [pLV-,^^ze/], 
 
 rainy, bringing rain, i , 66. 
 poculum, -1, N., drinking-cup, 
 
 howl, beaker, A. 36. 
 poena, -ae, f. {iroLvf]), recompense, 
 
 fifte, punishment, penalty, i, 
 
 91, 209, 243, etc. 
 poeta, -ae, m. (iroL'f}T'r}s),poet, T. 
 
 41, 125. 
 poUuo, 3, -ui, -utus (pro, before ; 
 
 luo, loose^ [lv-], soil, pollute, 
 
 contaminate, 2, 794. 
 polus, -I, M. (7r6Xos), end of ajt 
 
 axis, pole (of the earth and 
 
 heavens), sky, heavens, 2, 75, 
 
 131, 173, etc. 
 pompa, -ae, f. {ttoil-k't]), procession, 
 
 parade, i, 561. 
 pondus, -eris, n. [pand-, pull'], 
 
 weight, I, 13, 20, 26, etc.; 
 
 weight, 7nass, body, 1,8; burden, 
 
 load, 2, 163. 
 pon5, 3, posuT, positus (for 
 
 *porsin6, por- (pro), forth, 
 
 down; sino, set'), put, place, lo- 
 cate, arrange, i, 174, 300, 477, 
 
 etc. ;/«/ aside, i, 330, 401, 675, 
 
 etc. 
 Ponticus, -T, M., Ponticus, a poet, 
 
 T.47. 
 
 pontus, -1, M. (7r6»'Tos), sea, i, 292, 
 309, 2iZ1'> ^tc-> ivater, as ele- 
 ment, I, 15. 
 
 popularis, -e, adj. (populus, peo- 
 ple) l^'LK-'], of the people ; of the 
 country, native, i, 577. 
 
 populifer, -era, -erum, adj. (popu- 
 lus, poplar-tree) [i fer-, bear], 
 poplar-bearing, i, 579. 
 
 populor, I, -atus, dep., lay waste, 
 ravage, ruin, plunder, i, 249, 
 
 2, 319- 
 
 populus, -T, M. [p'L¥.-,full], a peo- 
 ple, nation, people, i, 252, -Tfi-T^, 
 439, etc. 
 
 porrigo, 3, -rexl, -rectus (por- 
 (pro), before ; rego, guide) 
 [reg-], stretch out, extend, hold 
 forth, offer, i, 14, 645, 767, 
 etc. 
 
 porto, I, -a VI, -atus [per-, 
 through], bear, carry, 2, 388. 
 
 posco, 3, poposcT, (for 
 
 *porcsc6) [PREC-, pray], de- 
 mand, request, i, 138, 2, 97, 
 99, 144, 677. 
 
 possido, 3, -sedT, -sessus (por- 
 (pro), before; sid5, sit) [sed-, 
 SID-], take possession of, occupy, 
 I, 31. 355. etc. 
 
 possum, posse, potuT, (potis, 
 
 able; ^\xm., be) [POT-] [es-], 3^ 
 able, can, i, 77, 288, 360, etc. 
 
 post, prep. w. ace. [pos-, behind], 
 behind, i, 383, 394, 2, 187; 
 after, since, i, 125, 346, 776, 
 etc. 
 
 posteritas, -atis, f. (posterus, 
 coming after) [pos-], the future, 
 after-generations, posterity, T. 2. 
 
 postis, -is, M., post, door-post; 
 plu., door, I, 562, 2, 767. 
 
 postquam, conj. (post, after) 
 [pos-], after that, after, i, 24, 
 113, 205, etc. 
 
202 
 
 VOCABULARY. 
 
 potens, -entis, adj. (p. of possum, 
 
 be able) [pot-] [es-], able, pow- 
 erful, I, i73»67i. 
 potentia, -ae, f. (potens, able) 
 [pot-] \y.?)-\ power, 7night, rule, 
 
 1, 522, 2, 259, 520. 
 potestas, -atis, f. (potis, able) 
 
 \voi:-'\, ability, power, might, 2, 
 522. 
 
 poto, I, -avi^ -atus, drink, i, 
 634. 
 
 praebeo, 2, -m, -it us (prae, before ; 
 habeo, have), hold forth, offer, 
 furnish, afford, i, 10, 2, 213, 
 332, 866, T. 117. 
 
 praeceps, -cipitis, adj. (prae, be- 
 fore; caput, head) [cap-], head- 
 foremost, headlong, steep, pre- 
 cipitous, I, 97, 2, 185, 207; as 
 subst., N., in praeceps, head- 
 long, 2, 69, 320. 
 
 praecingd, 3, -clnxl, -cinctus (prae, 
 before ; cingo, surround), gird, 
 encircle, i, 699. 
 
 praecludo, 3, -sT, -sus (prae, be- 
 fore ; claudo, shut) [clav-], 
 shut off, close, I, 662. 
 
 praecordia, -orum, n. (prae, be- 
 fore ; cor, heart) [card-], dia- 
 phragtn ; breast, heart, i, 549, 
 
 2, 799- 
 
 praeda, -ae, f., booty, spoil, prey, 
 plu7tder, I, 534, 2, 873. 
 
 praemium, -I, n. (prae, before) 
 [em-, take'l, reward, prize, 2, 
 694, T. 96. 
 
 praepon5, 3, -posui, -positus 
 (prae, before ; pono, put), put 
 before, place before, T. 127. 
 
 praeruptus, -a, -um, adj. (p. of 
 praerumpo, break off before) 
 [rap-, RVP-], steep, abrupt, i, 
 568, 719- 
 
 praesaepe (praesepe), -is, n. 
 (prae, before; saepes, hedge), 
 stable, stall, 2, 120. 
 
 praesagium, -I, ^., foreboding, pre- 
 sentiment, T. 129. 
 
 praesagus, -a, -um, adj., pro- 
 phetic, presaging, 2, 124. 
 
 praesens, -entis, adj. (p. of prae- 
 sum, be before) [es-], at hand, 
 present ; as subst., N., the pres- 
 ent, prese7it circu77i stance, T. 
 123. 
 
 praesepe, see praesaepe. 
 
 praesto, i, -stitl, -stitus (prae, be- 
 fore ; st5, stand) [sta-], sta7id 
 before ; be responsible for, fulfil, 
 show, prove, present, T. 104. 
 
 praeter, prep. w. ace. [pro-, prae-, 
 before^, before, besides, except, 
 but, I, 96. 
 
 praetereo, -ire, -iT, -itus (praeter, 
 before ; eo, go) [i-], go by, pass, 
 outstrip, 2, 160. 
 
 pratum, -1, n., 7neadow, i, 297. 
 
 precor, i, -atus, dep. ((prex), 
 prayer) [prec-], pray, i, 220, 
 504, 2, 361, etc.; supplicate, 
 implore, i, 367. 
 
 prehendo (prae-) and prendo, 3, 
 -dl, -sus, lay hold of, grasp, 
 seize, catch, i, 705, 2, 476. 
 
 premo, 3, -essl, -essus [prem-, 
 press\ press, press down, cover, 
 oppress, press zipon, drive, i, 
 30, 48, 70, etc. 
 
VOCABULARY. 
 
 203 
 
 prendo, see prehendo. 
 
 pressus, -a, -um, adj. (p. of premo, 
 
 press) ly'R.Y.M.-']^ pressed, pressed 
 
 down, low, 2, 139. 
 pretiosus, -a, -um, adj. (pretium, 
 
 price), costly, precious, i, 115. 
 (prex, precis), f., used in plu. 
 
 [v'&.Y.c-, pray'], prayer, entreaty, 
 
 supplication, i, y]'], 548, 701, 
 
 etc. 
 primo, adv. (^x\m\x%, first) [pro-, 
 
 VKl-'], at first, first , i, 221,2, 
 
 336, 860. 
 primum, adv. (n. of primus, 
 
 first) [pro-, VKl-], first, at first, 
 
 1 , 119, 121, 123, etc. 
 primus, -a, -um, adj., sup. [pro-, 
 
 PRI-, before'], first, i, 3, 89, 452, 
 
 Qic; first part of, beginning of, 
 
 princeps, -cipis, adj. (primus, 
 first) [pro-, PRI-] [cap-, take], 
 first in order, first, chief , prince, 
 sovereign, T. 98. 
 
 principium, -1, n. (princepsjyfz-j/), 
 [pro-, PRI-] [cap-], beginning, 
 commencement, 2, 386 ; as an 
 adv. in abl., at first, in the first 
 place, I, 34. 
 
 prior, -us, adj., comp. (for sup. see 
 primus) [pro-, PRI-, before], for- 
 mer, I, 251, 738 ; at first, i, 385. 
 
 prius, adv., comp. (n. sing, of 
 prior, former) [pro-, pri-], be- 
 fore, I, 135, 190, 2, 168, etc.; 
 sooner, 2, 696. 
 
 pro, prep. w. abl. [pro-, before], 
 before, in front of ; instead of, 
 for, as, I, 42, 182, 400, etc. 
 
 proavus, -1, m. (pro, before; 
 avus, grandfather), great 
 grandfather ; forefather, an- 
 cestor, T. 7. 
 
 prob5, I, -a VI, -atus (probus,^^^^), 
 esteem good, approve, i, 244; 
 commend, admire, i, 613 ; shoWy 
 prove, 2, 92. 
 
 procedo, 3, -cessT, (pro, be- 
 fore ; cedo,^^) \q,kt>-], go before, 
 proceed, go forth, 2, 685. 
 
 procul, adv. (pro, before) [pro-] 
 [i CEL-, drive], at a distance, 
 far, afar, far off , far away, i, 
 666, 2, 22, 323, 841, 
 
 procumbo, 3, -cubul, -cubitus 
 (pro, before) [cvb-, lie], fall 
 forward, fall down, fall pros- 
 trate, I, 375, 730, 2, 347. 
 
 prodeo, -Ire, -ii, -itus (pro, prod, 
 before ; eo, go) [l-], go forth, 
 come forth, appear, i, 142. 
 
 prodo, 3, -didi, -ditus {^xo, forth) 
 [2 DA-, put], put forth, reveal, 
 disclose, betray, 2, 704, 705. 
 
 proelium, -1, n., battle, contest, 
 fight, 2, 859. 
 
 prof anus, -a, -um, adj. (pro, in 
 front of ; fanum, shrine) [i FA-], 
 out of the shrine, not sacred, com- 
 mon, profane, unholy, wicked, 
 2, 833. 
 
 profugus, -a, -um, adj. (pr5, be- 
 fore) [fvg-, flee], fugitive, i, 
 727. 
 
 profundum, -1, n. (profundus, 
 deep) [FVD-], depth; the deep, 
 sea, I, 331, 2, 267. 
 
 profundus, -a, -um, adj. (pro, 
 
204 
 
 VOCABULARY. 
 
 forth; fundus, bottom) [fvd-], 
 deep^ 2, 229. 
 
 progenies, , ace. -em (pro, 
 
 forth) [gen-, beget\ desce^tt, off- 
 spring , child, 2, 34. 
 
 prohibed, 2, -ul, -itus (pro, before ; 
 habed, ho/d) [HAB-Iy hold before, 
 keep away, prevent, prohibit, 2, 
 528. 
 
 pr51es, -is, f. (pro, forth) [ol-, 
 grow\, offspring, child, 2, 19, 
 367, 496; race, age, i, 114, 125. 
 
 Promethides, -ae, m., son of Pro- 
 metheus, Deucalion, i, 390. 
 
 promissum, -1, n. (p. of promitto, 
 prornise) [mit-I, promise, 2, 45, 
 
 51- 
 promitto, 3, -mlsl, -missus (pro, 
 
 forth ; rD\\Xo,send) \wn:-\send 
 
 forth ; promise, i, 252, 2, 259. 
 promo, 3, prompsi, promptus (pro, 
 
 forth; emo, buy) [^m-I, tahe out, 
 
 I, 468. 
 promptus, -a, -um, adj. (p. of 
 
 promo, tahe out) [em-], set 
 
 forth, prepared, ready, inclined, 
 
 1, 126. 
 
 ^promptus, -lis), only abl., 
 promptu, M. (promo, take out) 
 [em-], in phrase, in pr5mptu, 
 at hand ; easy, 2, 86. 
 
 pr5nus, -a, -um, adj. [pro-, before"], 
 bentover, leaning forward, head- 
 long, I, 84, 376, 508, 2, 477 ; 
 steep, 2, 67. 
 
 propago, -inis, f. (pr6,/^r//^)[PAC-, 
 fix\, offspring, descendant, child, 
 
 2, 38; breed, race, i, 160. 
 prope, adv., near, 2, 41, 503. 
 
 propero, i, -avl, -atus (properus, 
 quick) [par-], hasten, i, 510, 2, 
 128. 
 
 Propertius, -1, m., Propertius, a 
 poet, T. 45, 53. 
 
 propior, -ius, gen. -oris, adj., comp. 
 (for sup. see proximus), nearer, 
 2, 22, 207, 303, 369. 
 
 propositum, -1, n. (p. of propono, 
 put forth), plan, design, pur- 
 pose, 2, 104. 
 
 proprius, -a, -um, adj., own, i, 
 638. 
 
 prospicio, 3, -spexT, -spectus (pro, 
 before; specio, look) [spec-], 
 look forward, look forward 
 towards, view, 2, 190. 
 
 prosum, prodesse, profui (pro, 
 prod, before ; sum, be) [es-], be 
 of use, be of advantage, profit, 
 serve, i, 306, 524, 2, 224, 519. 
 
 proter5, 3, , -trltus (pro, be- 
 fore ; tero, rub) [i ter-], tram- 
 ple down, crush, 2, 791. 
 
 Proteus, -ei, acc.-ea, m. (Ilpwrei/s), 
 Proteus, a Greek sea-god, who 
 assumed many forms, 2, 9. 
 
 protinus (-tenus), adv. (pro, be- 
 fore ; tonus, to the end) [pro-], 
 right onward, directly, forth- 
 with, immediately, at once, i, 
 128, 262, 474, etc. 
 
 proximus (-umus), -a, -um, adj., 
 sup. (cf. prope, near), nearest, 
 next, I, 28, 64, 2, 173; last, 
 T. 80. 
 
 piiblicus, -a, -um, adj. (populus, 
 people) [PLE-], of the people ; 
 common, public, 2, 35. 
 
VOCABULARY. 
 
 205 
 
 pudeo, 2, -ui or puditum est, be 
 
 ashamed ; impers., is a shame^ 
 
 1,758. ^ 
 pudor, -oris, m., shame^ modesty^ 
 
 propriety^ i, 129, 618, 755. 
 puella, -ae, f., dim. (puer, boy)^ 
 
 girl, maiden, i, 712. 
 puer, -eri, m., boy, lad, young man, 
 
 1, 456, 2, 127, 198, etc. 
 puerilis, -e, adj. (puer, boy), boy- 
 ish, childish, youthful, 2, 55. 
 
 pugna, -ae, f. {vac-, Jix'\, hand-to- 
 hand fight, battle, T. 14. 
 
 pugnax, -acis, adj. (pugno, y?^y^/) 
 [PAC-], fond of fighting, com- 
 bative, opposed to, I, 432. 
 
 pugn5, I, -avT, -atus (pugna, 
 fight) \yAC-'\, fight, contend, i, 
 19, 142; struggle, strive, en- 
 deavor, I, 685, 2, 822. 
 
 pulcher, -chra, -chrum, 2^^^^)., beau- 
 tiful, fair, I, 484, 2, 804. 
 
 pulmo, -onis, m., lung, 2, 801. 
 
 pulso, I, -avT, -atus, freq. (pello, 
 drive) [pel-], strike, beat, dash 
 against, i, 42, 303, 310, etc. 
 
 pulverulentus, -a, -urn, adj. (pul- 
 vis, dust), full of dust, dusty, 
 
 2, 256. 
 
 pulvis, -eris, m. or f,, dust, i, 649. 
 
 purpura, -ae, f. {Trop(t>TLfpa), purple 
 color, purple, T. 29. 
 
 purpureus, -a, -um, adj. (7rop<^i5- 
 peos) , purple-colored, purple, 
 dark red, violet, rosy, 2, 23, 
 
 purus, -a, -um, 2,dJ^., pure, clear, 
 2, 856. 
 
 puto, I, -a VI, -dXVi^, clean ; clear 
 up, arraftge ; reckon, judge, 
 think, imagine, i, 242, 502, 
 587, etc. 
 
 Pylius, -a, -um, adj., of Pylos, 
 Pylian, 2, 684. 
 
 Pyrois, , M. (irvpdei^, fiery), 
 
 Pyrois, one of the horses of 
 the sun, 2, 153. 
 
 pyropUS, -1, M. (7ru/)W7r6s, fire- 
 faced), alloy of copper and 
 gold, gold-bronze, 2,2. 
 
 Pyrrha, -ae, f. (IliJppa), Pyrrha, 
 daughter of Epimetheus, wife 
 of Deucalion, i, 350, 385. 
 
 Pythia, -orum, n. (IliJ^ta), Pythian 
 games, celebrated at Delphi in 
 honor of Apollo once in four 
 jears, i, 447. 
 
 Python, -onis, m. (XIi/^w^), Python, 
 a serpent that Apollo slew on 
 Parnassus, i, 438, 460. 
 
 qua, rel. adv. (f. abl. of qui), 
 where, as far as, i, 187, 241, 
 299, etc. 
 
 quacumque, adv., wherever, 
 wheresoever, 2, 791. 
 
 quadriiugus, -a, -um, adj. (quat- 
 tuor, four ; iugum, yoke) [iv-, 
 IVG-], of a team of four ; M. 
 plu. as subst., a four-horse 
 team, 2, 168. 
 
206 
 
 VOCABULARY. 
 
 quadrupes, -pedis, adj- (quattuor, 
 four ; pes, foot) [ped-], with 
 four feet ; as subst., M. and F., 
 quadruped ; horse, 2, 84, 121. 
 
 quaero, 3, -sivl, -situs [qvaes-, 
 seek'], seek, look for, i, 307, 653, 
 T. 98 ; seek, ask, inquire, i, 
 250, 614, 687, etc. ; seek (in 
 vain), miss, lack, 2, 239. 
 
 qualis, -e, adj., interrog., of what 
 kind ? rel., of which kind, as ; 
 with omitted demonstrative, 
 such as, 2, 14, 382. 
 
 qualiscumque, qualecumque, adj. 
 (qualis, of what kind), of what- 
 ever kiftd, of any kind what- 
 ever, 2, 487. 
 
 quam, rel. and interrog. adv. (qui, 
 who), as; how, 2, 520; (after 
 comp. or word of comparison) 
 than, I, 205, 573, 2, 57, etc. 
 
 quamquam, conj., though, al- 
 though, I, 185, 395, 613. 
 
 quamvis, adv. and conj. (quam, 
 as ; vis, you will) [i vol-], 
 however much, although, i, 
 629, 686, 2, 177, etc. 
 
 quantus, -a, -um, pronom. adj., 
 rel. and interrog., how much, 
 how great, as much as, as great 
 as ; as subst., N., how much, i, 
 214, 2, 520 ; abl. w. comp., 
 by how much, by as much as, 
 I, 52, 464. 
 
 quare, adv. (qua, by what; re, 
 means), by what means, where- 
 fore, why, 2, 512. 
 
 quartus, -a, -um, adj. (quattuor, 
 four), fourth, 2, 154, T. 54. 
 
 quasi, adv. (quam, as ; si, if), as 
 if, as though^ i, 614. 
 
 quater, num. adv. (cf. quattuor, 
 four), four times, 2, 344, T. 10 ; 
 terque quaterque, three or four 
 times, over and over again, 
 repeatedly, i, 179, 2, 49. 
 
 quattuor, num. adj., indecl.,/d??/r, 
 I, 118. 
 
 -que, conj., enclit., and, i, 3, 7, 8, 
 etc. ; after neg. clause, but, i , 
 
 623, 725 ; -que que, both . . . 
 
 and, not only . . . but also, i, 
 13O' I97>_267, etc. 
 
 quercus, -iis, f. [car-, scar-, 
 hard, scrape], oak, oak-tree, 
 wreath of oak leaves, i, 563. 
 
 querella (querela), -ae, f., lamen^ 
 tation, complaint, 2, 342, 371. 
 
 queror, 3, questus, dep., com- 
 plain, bewail, lament, i, 637, 
 708, 733, etc. 
 
 qui, quae, quod, interrog. pron. 
 (subst. and adj.), who ? which ? 
 what? what kind of? i, 210, 
 247» 359» etc. 
 
 qui, quae, quod, rel. pron., who, 
 which, I, 5, 7, 40, etc.; (in 
 place of a demonstr. pron. and 
 conj.) he, she, it, they, this, i, 
 24, 49, 163, etc.; (in purpose 
 clauses) in order that, to, 2, 38, 
 149, 380. 
 
 quia, con]., because, i, 18, 2, 796. 
 
 quicumque, quaecumque, quod- 
 cumque, indef. rel. pron. (qui, 
 who), whoever, whatever, who- 
 soever, whatsoever, all that, i, 
 263, 354, 448) etc. 
 
VOCABULARY. 
 
 207 
 
 quidam, quaedam, quoddam and 
 (as subst.) quiddam, indef. 
 pron., a certain^ somebody^ some- 
 thing, in plu., certain, some, i, 
 404, 426, 427, etc. 
 
 quidem, adv., to be sure, cer- 
 tainly, indeed, i, 209, 438, 488, 
 etc. 
 
 quies, -etis, f., rest, i, 626. 
 
 quiesco, 3, -evi, -etus (quies, rest), 
 rest, be quiet, 2, 489, A. 39. 
 
 quilibet (-lubet), quaelibet, quod- 
 libet and (as subst.) quidlibet, 
 indef. pron. (qui, any ; libet, 
 it pleases), any one you please, 
 any one soever, i, 451, 2, 388. 
 
 quin, conj. (abl. qui, why ; -ne, 
 not ), why not ? in a dependent 
 clause, so that . . . not, but that, 
 from, I, 60. 
 
 quini, -ae, -a, num. adj., distrib. 
 (quinque,fve),fz/e each, i, 742. 
 
 quinque, num. adj., indecl., five, 
 2, 129, 497, T. 13. 
 
 quintus, -a, -um, num. adj., ord., 
 the fifth, I, 46. 
 
 quippe, adv., of course, certainly, 
 indeed, forsooth, i, 430, 2, 852. 
 
 quis, quid, interrog. pron. (only 
 in nom. sing. m. and nom. and 
 ace. N. ; other forms same as 
 qui), as subst. and adj., who? 
 what? I, 248, 358, 397, etc.; 
 quid (as adverb), why ? 2, 100, 
 279. 
 
 quis, qua, quid, indef. pron. 
 (with si, ne, num or nisi), any 
 one, anything, some one, some- 
 thing, I, 288, 502, 2, 300, etc. 
 
 quis, dat. or abl. plu. of qui. 
 
 quisquam, m., quicquam (quid- 
 quam), n., indef. pron., as adj. 
 and subst. (quis, a7iy ; -quam, 
 indef. suff.), any, any one, any- 
 thing, I, 8, 68, 322, 2, 59. 
 
 quisque, quaeque, quidque and 
 (as adj.) quodque, indef. pron. 
 (quis, who ; -que, indef. suff.), 
 whoever it be, each, each one, 
 everybody, everything, i, 59, 
 183, 507, etc. 
 
 quisquis, quicquid (quidquid) 
 and (as adj.) quodquod, indef. 
 rel. pron. (quis, who, doubled), 
 whoever, whatever, i, 32, 679, 
 2, 95, 692. 
 
 quivis, quae VIS, quid vis and (as 
 adj.) quod vis, indef. pron. (qui, 
 who ; vis, you will) [i vol-], 
 whoever it be, anything; as 
 adj., any whatsoever, 2, 44. 
 
 quo, adv. and conj. (dat. and 
 abl. of qui, who), to what place, 
 whither, 2, 19, 233, 356; of 
 purpose, in order that, that, i, 
 757. 2, 44. 
 
 quod, conj. (ace. n. of qui, who), 
 as to which ; that, in that, be- 
 cause, I, 523, 2, 286, 288, etc.; 
 but, 2, 293. 
 
 quondam, adv. (quom, when; 
 -dam, demonstr. suff.), at some 
 time, once upon a time, some- 
 times, at times, i, 751, 2, 480, 
 490, T. 34. 
 
 quoniam, conj. (quom, when, 
 since; iam, 7tow), since, seei^tg 
 that, as, I, 194, 557- 
 
208 
 
 VOCABULARY. 
 
 quoque, con j. (usually placed after quot, rel. adj., plu. indecl., asy 
 an emphatic word), also, too, i, as many as, T. 42, 107. 
 57, 1 01, 235, etc. ; even, i, 145, quotiens or quoties, adv. (quot, 
 2, 60, 868. as many as), how often ? how 
 
 many times? 2, 489, 491. 
 
 rabies, , -em, -e, f., madness, 
 
 frenzy , fierceness, i, 234. 
 radi5, i, , (radius, rod, 
 
 ray) [2 rad-], shine, gleam, 
 
 beam,, 2, 4. 
 radius, -T, m. [2 rad-, sprout^, 
 
 rod, staff; spoke, 2, 108, 317; 
 
 ray, beam (of light), i, 62, 768, 
 
 2, 171 ; crown (of sunbeams), 
 
 glory, 2, 41, 124. 
 radix, -Icis, f. [2 rad-, sprout'], 
 
 root, I, 551, 2, 349. 
 ramus, -1, m. [2 rad-, sprout \ 
 
 branch, twig, i, 303, 550, 555, 
 
 etc. 
 rapidus, -a, -um, adj. [rap-, 
 
 snatch'], tearing away ; swift, 
 
 quick, rapid, rushing, i, 36, 2, 
 
 IZ^ 123. 
 rapid, 3, -pui, raptus [rap-, 
 
 snatch], snatch, seize, carry off, 
 
 overwhelm, bear away, i, 287, 
 
 311, 2, 70, etc. 
 rapto, I, -avT, -atus, freq. (rapio, 
 
 snatch) [rap-], carry off, drag, 
 
 hurry away, 2, 234. 
 raptum, -T, n. (p. of rapio, snatch) 
 
 \yiAV-'\, plunder, booty, i, 144. 
 rarus, -a, -um, adj., thin, rare, in- 
 frequent, I, 145. 
 rastrum, -1, n., plu., rastri, -orum. 
 
 M., also rastra, n. [i rad-, 
 scratch'], hoe, rake, mattock, i, • 
 Id, 2, 287. 
 
 ratio, -onis, F. [ra-, count], reck- 
 oning, mode, manner, way, i, 
 688. 
 
 ratis, -is, f. [2 ar-, ra-, plough], 
 raft, boat, i, 319. 
 
 raucus, -a, -um, adj., hoarse, 
 rough, discordant, 2, 278, 484. 
 
 recandesco, 3, -dm, , inch. 
 
 (re(d)-, back; candesco, become 
 bright) [CAND-], grow bright 
 again, become warm again, 
 glow, I, 435. 
 
 recede, 3, -cessi, -cessus (re(d)-, 
 back ; cedo, go away) [cad-], 
 go back, retire, withdraw, i, 61. 
 
 recens, -entis, 2^.^^)., fresh, recent, 
 new, I, 80, 164, 424, etc. 
 
 receptus, -us, m. (re(d)-, back) 
 [cap-, take], taking back ; re- 
 treat, withdrawal, i, 340. 
 
 recessus, -us, m. (re(d)-, back) 
 [cad-, fall], going back ; re- 
 treat, recess, inner room, room, 
 
 I, 177- 
 recid5, 3, -dl, -sus (re(d)-, back ; 
 
 caedd, cut) [2 sac-, scid-], cttt 
 
 back, cut away, i, 191. 
 recingo, 3, , -cinctus (re(d)-, 
 
VOCABULARY. 
 
 209 
 
 back; cingOy surround), U7tgird, 
 
 loosen, I, 398. 
 recipio, 3, -cepi, -ceptus (re(d)-, 
 
 back; capio, take) [CAV-I, take 
 
 back, take, admit, receive, i, 41, 
 
 686. 
 recito, i, -avi, -atus (re(d)-, back ; 
 
 cito, rouse, call) [ci-], read 
 
 aloud, recite, rehearse, T. 45. 
 recondo, 3, -didl, -ditus (re(d)-, 
 
 back ; condo, hide) [2 Vth.-^ put 
 
 back, hide, conceal, i, 139, 583. 
 rector, -oris, m. [reg-, guide'], 
 
 guide, leader, pilot, helmsman, 
 
 2, 186; ruler, i, 331, 668, 2, 
 
 60, 848. 
 rectum, -1, n. (p. of rego, guide) 
 
 [reg-], rectitude, virtue, right, 
 
 1, 90. 
 
 rectus, -a, -um, adj. (p. of rego, 
 guide) [reg-], straight, direct, 
 
 2, ']'](i, 822. 
 
 recurvo, i, , -atus (recurvus, 
 
 bent) [CVR-, CIR-], bend back- 
 ward ; recurvatis undis, wind- 
 ing, 2, 246. 
 
 recuso, i, -avI, -atus (re(d)-, back ; 
 *caus6) [i CAV-], decline, re- 
 ject, refuse, i, 385. 
 
 reddo, 3, -didi, -ditus (red-, back ; 
 do, give) [i DA-], give back, 
 restore, return, i, 348, 423, 2, 
 no, 695. 
 
 redeo, -Ire, -ii, -itus (red-, back; 
 ®^> ^^) \}'\ S^ back, rettirn, i, 
 281, 698, 741, 2, 698. 
 
 redigo, 3, -egi, -actus (red-, back ; 
 ago, drive) [i AG-], drive back, 
 force, reduce, 1, 33. 
 
 refello, 3, -fell!, (re(d)-, 
 
 back; falld, deceive) [fal-, 
 trip], show to be false, refute, 
 disprove, i, 759. 
 
 refero, referre, rettuli, relatus 
 (re(d)-, back; fero, bear) 
 [i FER-], bear back, draw back, 
 2, 303; bring back, restore, i, 
 437 ; call to mind, recall, i, 
 165 ; recompense, requite, 2, 
 286 ; reply, answer, i, 656, 
 2, 35 ; tell, relate, say, i, 700, T. 
 loi, 113. 
 
 refugio, 3, -fugl, (re(d)-, 
 
 back; fugio, flee) [fvg-], flee 
 back, flee from, draw back, i, 
 556, 641, 2, 501. 
 
 regalis, -e, adj. (rex, king) 
 [reg-], of a king, royal ^ i, 
 171, 2, 842. 
 
 regaliter, adv. (regalis, royal) 
 [reg-], royally, domineeringly, 
 
 2, 397- 
 regens, -entis, m. (p. of rego, 
 guide) [reg-], governor, ruler, 
 
 1, 207. 
 
 regia, -ae, f. (regius, royal) 
 
 [reg-], royal abode, palace, i, 
 
 257, 516, 2, I, 298. 
 regina, -ae, f. (rex, king) [reg-], 
 
 queen, 2, 512. 
 regio, -onis, f. [reg-, stretch], 
 
 direction, line ; region, i, 72, 
 
 2, 203. 
 
 regius, -a, -um, adj. (rex, king) 
 [reg-], of a king, royal, 2, 868. 
 
 regno, i, -avT, -atus (regnum, 
 royal authority) [REG-], reign, 
 rule, I, 241. 
 
210 
 
 VOCABULARY. 
 
 regnum, -i, n. [reg-, guide], 
 royal authority^ sovereignty^ 
 empire, i, 182 ; kingdom, realm, 
 I, 61, 152. 
 
 rego, 3, rexT, rectus [reg-, guide], 
 guide, direct, control, i, 59, 2, 
 86, 393 ; rule, govern, i, 197, 2, 
 370. 
 
 relaxo, i, -avl, -atus (re(d)-, back ; 
 laxo, extend^, stretch out, loosen, 
 open, I, 281. 
 
 relinqu5, 3, -iTqui, -lictus (re(d)-, 
 back; linqu5, leave) [Lie-, 
 LIQV-], leave behind, i, 347, 
 494, 526, etc. ; leave, forsake, 
 I, 150, 2, 167, 315, etc.; give 
 up, 2, 186. 
 
 remaneo, 2, -mansT, (re(d)-, 
 
 back; maneo, stay) [i man-, 
 MEN-], stay behind, remain, i, 
 
 552. 
 
 reminiscor, 3, (re(d)-, back) 
 
 [i MAN-, MEN-, mind, stay], re- 
 call to mind, remember, i, 256. 
 
 remitto, 3, -mlsl, -missus (re(d)-, 
 back ; mitto, send) \m.yy:-], send 
 back; let go back, loosen, give 
 up, let go, 2, 185, 191, 200, etc. 
 
 remoUesco, 3, , , inch. 
 
 (re(d)-, back; mollesco, become 
 soft), become soft again, be in- 
 fluenced, be moved, i, 378. 
 
 removeo, 2, -movT, -motus (re(d)-, 
 back ;vsvQ\^Q, move) [mov-, mv-], 
 move back, take away, put off, 
 remove, i, 279, 328, 674. 
 
 remugidy 4, , (re(d)-, 
 
 back; mugio, low), loiv back, 
 bellow in reply, i, 657. 
 
 remus, -T, m. [2 ar-, ra-, plough, 
 row], oar, i, 294. 
 
 renovo, i, -avl, -atus (re(d)-, back; 
 novo, make new) [i NV-], renew, 
 restore ; cultivate, i, no. 
 
 reor, 2, ratus, dep. [ra-, count], 
 reckon, think, believe, stcppose, 
 imagine, i, 394, T. 42. 
 
 repagula, -orum, n. (re(d)-, back) 
 [PAC-, PAG-, fix, make fast], 
 barrier, bars, 2, 155. 
 
 reparabilis, -e, adj. (reparo, re- 
 pair) [par-], capable of being 
 repaired, reparable, i, 379. 
 
 reparo, i, -avi, -atus (re(d)-, back ; 
 paro, m,ake ready) [par-], get 
 again, restore, repair, renew, i, 
 II, 413, etc. 
 
 repello, 3, reppuli (repuli), re- 
 pulsus (re(d)-, back; pello, 
 {drive) [pel-], drive back ; push 
 back, shove back, 2, 157; with- 
 draw from, spurn, 2, 786 ; keep 
 off, ward off, repulse, 2, 817. 
 
 repend5, 3, -pendT, -pensus (re(d)-, 
 back; pendo, weigh) [pand-], 
 weigh back ; repay, requite, re- 
 ward, 2, 694. 
 
 (repercutio), 3, , -cussus 
 
 (re(d)-, back; percutid, strike 
 through), strike back; shine 
 back, reflect, 2, no. 
 
 reperio, 4, repperl (reperi), re- 
 pertus [par-, vovi-, part, breed], 
 find again, find, discover, i, 
 214, 654, 2, 337 ; find out, in- 
 vent, I, 687. 
 
 repeto, 3, -IvI, -Ttus (re(d)-, back ; 
 peto, seek) [pet-], seek again; 
 
VOCABULARY. 
 
 211 
 
 ' repeat^ bring to mind, i, 388 ; 
 draw for ih, 2, 125. 
 
 repleo, 2, -evi, -etus (re(d)-, back) 
 \y\.Y.-, fill\ fill again, fill up, 
 fill completely, i, 338. 
 
 repono, 3, -posui, -positus (re(d)-, 
 back ; pono, put), put back, put 
 away, lay aside, i, 259. 
 
 reprimo, 3, -press!, -pressus 
 (re(d)-, back; premo, press) 
 [PREM-], p7'ess back, repress, 
 check, restrain, i, 755. 
 
 repugno, i, -avi, -atus (re(d)-, 
 back; pugno, fight) [PAC-, 
 YKQ-^ fight back, resist, strug- 
 gle against, 2, 87 ; contend 
 against, oppose, object to, 2j 103 ; 
 be in opposition to, stand in the 
 tuay of, I, 489. 
 
 repulsa, -ae, f. (p. of repello, 
 drive back) [pel-], refusal, de- 
 nial, 2, 97. 
 
 requies, -etis, , ace, requie- 
 
 tem or requiem, f. (re(d)-, 
 back, after ; quies, rest), rest 
 after toil, rest, repose, respite, 
 I, 541, T. 118. 
 
 requiro, 3, -sTvT, -situs (re(d)-, 
 back; quaero, seek) [qvaes-], 
 seek again, search for, seek, 2, 
 336 ; seek to know, inquire for, 
 ask for, 2, 692. 
 
 res, rei, F. [ra-, cozmt], thing, i, 
 9, 419, 433, etc. ; world, ujii- 
 verse, i, 79, 2, 259, 300, 395; 
 affair, case, circtcm stance, con- 
 dition, I, 380, 2, 89. 
 
 rescinds, 3, -scidi, -scissus (re(d)-, 
 back; scindo, split) [2 sac-, 
 
 SCID-], cut off, annul, rescind, 
 
 2, 677, 678. 
 resec5, i, -cm, -ctus {re(d)-, back ; 
 
 seco, cut) [2 SAC-, sec-], cut 
 
 back, cut off, T. 58. 
 resided, 2, -sedT, (re(d)-, 
 
 back; sedeo, sit) [sed-], sit 
 
 back; remain, abide, reside, i, 
 
 575- 
 
 resisto, 3, -stitl, (re(d)-, back ; 
 
 sisto, fnake stand) [sTA-], stand 
 back, remain standing, stop, 
 stay, 1 , 503 ; resist^ contend 
 against, overcome, i, 288. 
 
 resolvo, 3, -solvT, -solutus (re(d)-, 
 back ; solvo, loose) [lv-], loosen, 
 
 1, 382 ; cut off, 1, 227; open, 
 
 2, 282. 
 
 respicio, 3, -spexl, -spectus 
 (re(d)-, back; specie, look) 
 [spec-], look back at, gaze at, 
 2, 190, 874. 
 
 respiramen, -inis, n. (respiro, 
 breathe back), windpipe, 2, 828. 
 
 restituo, 3, -uT, -utus (re(d)-, back ; 
 statue, set up) [sta-], set up 
 again, restore, replace, 2, 407. 
 
 rest5, I, -stitl, (re(d)-, back; 
 
 st5, stand) [sTA-], resist; 
 stand back, remain, be left, i, 
 365, 700, 728, etc. 
 
 resupinus, -a, -um, g-dj. (re(d)-, 
 back ; supinus, backwards), bent 
 back, I, 730; 071 the back, 2, 
 267. 
 
 retempto (-tento), i, , 
 
 (re(d)-, again ; tempto, try) 
 [ten-], try anew, attempt 
 again, i, 746. 
 
212 
 
 VOCABULARY. 
 
 reticeo, 2, -cul, (re(d)-, back ; 
 
 taceo, be silent) [tag-, silent \ 
 
 keep silence^ be silent^ i, 655. 
 retineS, 2, -tinuF, -tentus (re(d)-, 
 
 back ; teneo, hold) [ten-], 
 
 hold backy 2, 349 ; hold fasty 
 
 restrain^ 2, 1 92 ; hold backy 
 
 refrain fronty i, 647; keepy 
 
 retainy i, 81, 675. 
 retro, adv., backwardy backy i, 
 
 529.^ 
 revello, 3, -vellT, -volsus or -vulsus 
 
 (re(d)-, back ; vello, /////) [vel-, 
 
 VOL-], pull away, tear offy 2, 
 
 316. 
 reverentia, -ae, f. (revereor, stand 
 
 in awe of)y respecty regardy 
 
 reverence, 2, 510. 
 reverter, -T, -versus (re(d)-, back ; 
 
 yeitby turn) [vert-], turn back, 
 
 returny T. 91. 
 reviresco, 3, , , inch. 
 
 (re(d)-, back; viresco, grow 
 
 green), grow green again, 2, 
 
 408. 
 revoc5, i, -avi, -atus (re(d)-, back ; 
 
 voco, call) [voc-], call back, re- 
 
 ^^^A I, 335» 503- 
 
 rex, regis, m. \yi¥J^-y guide^ kingy 
 rulery i, 251, 2, 261, 844, A. ^y 
 
 Rhenus, -T, m., Rhine, river be- 
 tween Gaul and Germany, 2, 
 
 258. 
 
 Rhodanus, -T, m., Rhone, river in 
 
 Gaul, rising near the Rhine, 2, 
 
 258. 
 Rhodope, -es, f. ('Po567n7), Rho- 
 
 dope, a mountain range in 
 
 Thrace, 2, 222. 
 
 rictus, -us, M., open mouth, jaws, 
 
 1, 640, 741, 2, 481. 
 
 rideo, 2, -sT, -sus, laugh, 2, 704. 
 
 rigeo, 2, , [REG-, stretch, 
 
 guide'], be stiff, be rigid, 2, 823. 
 
 rigesco, 3, -gul, , inch, (ri- 
 geo, be stiff) {yi^G-l, grow stiff, 
 hardeny 2, 364. 
 
 rigor, -oris, m. [reg-, stretchy 
 guide], stiffness, hardness, i, 
 401. 
 
 rima, -ae, f., crack, cleft, fissure, 
 
 2, 211, 260. 
 
 ripa, -ae, f., banky margin (of a 
 river), i, 39, 42, 639, etc. 
 
 risus, -lis, m. (rideo, laugh), laugh- 
 ter, laughing, 2, 778. 
 
 ritus, -us, M. [ra-, count], religious 
 usage y rite ; custom, wayy m,an- 
 nery i, 695. 
 
 robigo (rub-), -inis, f. [rvb-, red]y 
 rust; filthy tartar y 2, 776. 
 
 robur, -oris, n., hard woody oaky 
 tree trunk, i, 303 ; strength, 
 firmness, 2, 404. 
 
 rogo, I, -avi, -atus, ask, request, 
 implore, i, 248, 386, 735, etc. 
 
 rogus, -1, M., funeral pile, T. 86. 
 
 R5manus, -a, -um, adj. (Roma, 
 Rome), of Rome, Roman, i, 
 201. 
 
 roro, I, -avi, -atus (ros, dew), drop 
 dew ; drip, trickle, shed mois- 
 ture, I, 267, 339. 
 
 rosa, -ae, f., rose, 2, 113. 
 
 rostrum, -T, n. (rodo, gnaw) [i 
 RAD-], bill, beak, sttout, mouth, 
 i> 536, 2, y]^. 
 
 rota, -ae, f. [2 ar-, ra-, plough. 
 
VOCABULARY. 
 
 213 
 
 'row"], wheels 2, io8, 133, 317; 
 
 car^ chariot J i, 448, 2, 139, 312. 
 roto, I, -avi, -atus (rota, wheel) 
 
 [2 AR-, RA-], turn rounds roll, 
 
 revolve, 2, 74. 
 rubens, -ends, adj. (p. of rubeo, 
 
 be red) [rvb-] red, ruddy, 2, 
 
 375- 
 rubesco, 3, -bul, , inch, (ru- 
 beo, be red) [rvb-], grow red, 
 
 turn red, 2, 116. 
 rubeta, -orum, n. (rubus, bravi- 
 
 ble) [rvb-], bramble bush, i, 
 
 105. 
 rubigo, see robigo. 
 rubor, -oris, m. [rvb-], redness, 
 
 blush, I, 484. 
 rudis, -e, adj. [i rad-, scratch'], 
 
 unwrought, unformed, rough, 
 
 I, 7, 87, 406, 429. 
 
 ruina, -ae, f. [rv-, fall\ fall, 
 downfall, overthrow, ruin, i, 
 202, T. 99. 
 
 rumpo, 3, rupi, ruptus [rap-, 
 RVP-, break], break, burst, i, 
 208, 384. 
 
 ruo, 3, ruT, rutus [ky-, fall], fall 
 down, go to ruin, 2, 296 ; rusk, 
 run, I, 285, 2, 167, 204. 
 
 rupes, -is, f. [rap-, snatch], rock, 
 
 ^W^ I, 719- 
 
 rus, ruris, n., country y^ fields, i, 
 232, 676, 694, etc. 
 
 rusticus, -a, -um, adj. (rus, coun- 
 try), of the country, rustic, ru- 
 ral, I, 192; as subst., country- 
 man, peasant, rustic, 2, 699. 
 
 rutilus, -a, -um, adj. [rvb-, red], 
 red, golden-red, glowing, 2, 112, 
 319- 
 
 sacer, -era, -crum, adj. [i sac-, 
 fasten], dedicated, sacred, i, 254, 
 368, 446, 2, 122. 
 
 sacrum, -1, n. (sacer, sacred) 
 [i SAC-], sacred vessel, sacred 
 thing, sacred rite, altar, shrine, 
 I, 287, 2, 223, T. 19. 
 
 saeculum or saeclum, -T, n. [sa-, 
 sow], generation ; age, century, 
 T. 125; personified, Age, Cen- 
 tury, 2, 26. ' 
 
 saepe, adv., often, many times, 
 frequently, i, 428, 481, 482, 
 etc. 
 
 saepes, -is, f., hedge, fence, i, 
 493- 
 
 saeta (seta), -ae, f., stiff hair, 
 bristle, i, 739. 
 
 saevio, 4, -ii, -it us (saevus, rag- 
 ing), rage, rave, be furious, i, 
 200, 2, 399, 400. 
 
 saevus, -a, -um, adj., raging, fierce, 
 savage, cruel, i, 126, 161, 453, 
 etc. 
 
 sagitta, -ae, f. [i sac-, ?>kG-, fas- 
 ten], arrow, I, 460, 519. 
 
 sagittifer, -fera, -ferum, adj. (sa- 
 gitta, arrow) [l SAC-, SAG-] 
 [i fer], arrow-bearing, i, 468. 
 
 saltern (-tim), adv. [2 sal-, 
 save], save; at least, 2, 126, 
 390- . 
 
214 
 
 VOCABULARY. 
 
 (saltus, -us), M. [i SAL-, leapl, 
 leap, spring, bound, 2, 165, 314. 
 
 saltus, -us, M., forest, woodland, 
 2, 498, 689. 
 
 salus, -utis, F. (salvus, sound, safe) 
 [2 SAL-], soundness, safety, i, 
 
 534. 
 
 sanabilis, -e, adj. (sano, make 
 sound), curable, capable of being 
 healed, i, 523. 
 
 sanctus, -a, -um, adj. (p. of sancio, 
 make sacred) [i SAC-], sacred, 
 revered, i, 372; noble, i, 76. 
 
 sanguineus, -a, -um, adj. (san- 
 guis, blood), bloody, i, 143, 2, 
 360. 
 
 sanguis, -inis, m., blood, i, 157, 
 162, 719, etc. ; blood, murder, 
 slaughter, i, 30 1, 235; blood, 
 race, side, 2, 90, 368. 
 
 sapienter, adv. (sapiens, wise), 
 wisely, 2, 102. 
 
 Sarmatis, -idis, adj., f., Sarma- 
 tian. See note, T. no. 
 
 satis, adj., indecl., enough, suffi- 
 cient, I, 500, 2, 358, T. 91 ; as 
 adv., enough, sufficiently, i, 196, 
 357, 406, 2, 385. 
 
 satur, -ura, -urum, adj., full, 
 sated, 2, 120. 
 
 Saturnius, -a, -um, adj. (Satumus, 
 Saturn) [SA-], of Saturn ; de- 
 scendant of Saturn, fupiter, i, 
 163 ; as subst., f., Satumia, 
 daughter of Saturn, funo, i, 
 612, 616, 722. 
 
 Saturnus, -T, m. [sa-, sow"], Saturn, 
 son of Uranus and Gaea, liv- 
 ing in Italy in the golden age, 
 
 identified with the Greek god 
 Kpbvos, I, 113. 
 
 satus, see sero. 
 
 satyrus, -T, M. {(ydrvpos), a satyr, 
 forest god in the train of Bac- 
 chus, with short horns and 
 goat's feet, i, 193, 692. 
 
 saucius, -a, -um, adj., wounded, 
 hurt, 2, 361 ; torn, i, 102 ; 
 melted, 2, 808. 
 
 saxum, -1, N. [2 SAC-, sec-, split\ 
 broken stone, stone, rock, i, 376, 
 400, 411, etc. 
 
 sceleratus, -a, -um, adj. (p. of 
 (scelero, pollute), polluted, im- 
 pious, wicked, accursed, i, 127, 
 
 131- 
 
 scelus, -eris, n., wicked deed, 
 crime, sin, T. 90. 
 
 sceptrum, -1, n. ((rKTJirTpov), scep- 
 tre, royal staff, i, 178, 2, 847. 
 
 scilicet, adv. (scire licet) [lic-, 
 LIQV-, let'], you may know, cer- 
 tainly, plainly, 2, 90. 
 
 scindo, 3, scidi, scissus [2 sac-, 
 SCID-, split], cut, split, cleave, 
 divide, 2, 159. 
 
 scio, 4, sclvi, scitus [2 SAC-, SCI-. 
 distinguish], know, understand, 
 perceive, i, 162, 2, 170, 392, 
 T. 89. 
 
 scitor, I, -atus, dep., freq. (scio, 
 knoi.v) [2 SAC-, SCI-], seek to 
 know, ask, inquire, i, 775, 2, 
 511. 
 
 scorpius (-os), -T, m. (a-Kopvios), 
 scorpion; as a sign of the 
 zodiac, the Scorpion, 2, 83, 
 196. 
 
VOCABULARY. 
 
 215 
 
 scribo, 3, scripsi, scriptus, 
 scratch; writer compose^ T. 
 24, 26, 61. 
 
 Scythia, -ae, f. (Sku^^), Scythia^ 
 the country of the Scythians, 
 the northern lands of Europe 
 and Asia extending from the 
 Danube river to the Caspian 
 Sea, I, 64, 2, 224. 
 
 secerno, 3, -crevi, -cretus (se-, 
 apart; cemo, separate^ [cer-, 
 CRE-], put apart ^ separate, di- 
 vide, I, 23. 
 
 sec5, I, -cm, -ctus [2 SAC-, sec-, 
 split'\, cut, divide, cleave, sepa- 
 rate, I, -^^1, 46, 370, 2, 130. 
 
 secundus, -a, -um, adj. (sequor, 
 follow) [sec-], following, next, 
 second, i, 659. 
 
 securus, -a, -um, adj. (se-, with- 
 out ; cura, care) [i q,K'^-'\, free 
 from care, untroubled, i, 100 ; 
 safe, secure, free from danger, 
 I, 151. 
 
 sad, conj., but, but yet, i, 93, 138, 
 160, etc. 
 
 sedeo, 2, sedi, sessus [sed-, sit^ 
 sit, rest, remain, i, 177, 267, 
 293, etc. 
 
 sedes, -is, f. [sed-, sit'l, seat, 
 bench ; seat, dwelling-place, 
 abode, i, 218, 574, 2, 513; 
 place, position, 2, 846; founda- 
 tion, ground, 2, 147. 
 
 seduco, 3, -duxi, -ductus (se-, 
 apart ; duco, lead) [dvc-], lead 
 apart, draw aside, 2, 691 ; 
 separate, part, i, 80. 
 
 seges, -etis, F., corn-field, growing 
 
 corn, crop, i, 137, 272, 295, 2, 
 213. 
 
 semel, adv., once, i, 692, T. 58. 
 
 semen, -inis, n. [sa-, sow^ seed, i, 
 108, 123; seed, race, stock, i, 
 748 ; seed, origin, essence, source, 
 element, i, 9, 78, 81, 419. 
 
 semesus or semiesus (trisyllable), 
 -a, -um, adj. (semi-, /^^(/"y esus, 
 p. of ado, eat) [ed-], half-eaten, 
 2, 771. 
 
 semideus, -a, -um, adj. (semi-, 
 half ; deus, god) [div-, di-], 
 half-divine ; as subst., M., demi- 
 god, I, 192. 
 
 (seminex), -necis, adj. (semi-, 
 half; nax, death) [2 nec-], 
 half -dead, i, 228. 
 
 semper, adv. [sem-, like'\ [per-, 
 through^ ahvays, ever, i, 558, 
 565^ 633, etc. 
 
 senex, senis, adj., old, aged, i, 
 580, 2, 243, 510; as subst, old 
 man, 2, 688 ; comp., senior 
 (used as positive), old, aged, i, 
 645 ; as subst., old man, 2, 
 702. 
 
 sensim, adv. (sentio,/^^/) [sent-], 
 gradually, little by little, slowly, 
 2, 870. 
 
 sententia, -ae, f. [sent-, feel'\, 
 thinking ; opinion, purpose, i, 
 
 243- 
 santes, -ium, m., thorns, briers, 
 
 I, 509; fig., 2, 799- 
 saritio, 4, sensl, sensus [sent-, 
 feel^ feel, perceive, notice, 
 I, 554, 2, 167, 230, 687; think, 
 judge, believe, 2, 488. 
 
216 
 
 VOCABULARY. 
 
 separo, i, -avi, -atus (se-, apart ; 
 
 ■gaiOy prepare) [par-], separate ^ 
 
 divide, i, 313. 
 sepelio, 4, -pelivT, -pultus, bury, 
 
 inter, T. 81. 
 septem, num. adj., indecl., seven, 
 
 I, 64, 2, 255, 256, 528. 
 septemfluus, -a, -um, adj. (septem, 
 
 seven) [flv-, flow\ sevenfold 
 
 flowing, with seven mouths, i, 
 
 422. 
 septemtrio, see Triones. 
 septeni, -ae, -a, num. adj., distrib. 
 
 (septem, seven), seven each; 
 
 seven together, 2, 682. 
 sepulcrum or sepulchrum, -I, n. 
 
 (cf. sepelid, bury), burial-place, 
 
 grave, tomb, 2, 343. 
 sequor, 3, secutus \^y.<z-, follow'], 
 follow, accompany, pursue, i, 
 
 362, 507, 532, etc. 
 serenus, -a, -um, adj., clear, bright, 
 
 serene, i, 168, 2, 321. 
 series, , ace. -em, abl. -e, no 
 
 plu., F. [SER-, string], row, 
 
 series, order, T. 54. 
 sermo, -onis, m. [ser-, string, 
 
 bind], speech, talk, discourse, 
 
 I, 208, 683. 
 sero, 3, sevi, satus [sa-, sow], 
 
 sow; bring forth, 1,89; be born, 
 
 1, 771 ; perf. partic, born of, 
 son of, I, 82, 751 ; as subst., N., 
 sowing, crop, i, 286. 
 
 serpens, -entis, m. and f. (p. of 
 serpo, creep), creeping thing ; 
 serpent, snake, i, 439, 447, 454, 
 
 2, 772, T. 44; as a constella- 
 tion, the Serpent, 2, 173. 
 
 serpo, 3, -psi, -ptus, creep, extend 
 gradually, spread, increase, 2, 
 826. 
 
 serta, -orum, n., and sertae, 
 -arum, F. (p. of sero, bind) 
 [ser-], garlands, wreaths, 2, 
 28, 867. 
 
 serus, -a, -um, adj., late, i, 219, 
 
 T.73- 
 
 servio, 4, -IvI, -Itus (servus, slave) 
 [ser-, bind], serve, be subject to, 
 be under, i, 516. 
 
 servo, I, -a VI, -atus [2 SAL-, 
 save], make safe ; preserve, keep, 
 guard, watch, i, 237, 624, 627, 
 etc. 
 
 sevOCO, I, -avi, -atus (se-, apart ; 
 voco, call) [voc-], call apart, 
 call aside, 2, 836. 
 
 sex, num. adj., six, 2, 18. 
 
 si, conj., if, I, 175, 297, 358, etc. 
 
 sic, adv., so, thus, in this manner, 
 in like manner, as follows, i, 
 32, 47, 87, etc. ; yet, 1,16. 
 
 sicco, I, -avT, -atus (siccus, dry), 
 make dry, dry, 2, 12, 257. 
 
 siccus, -a, -um, adj., dry, i, 19, 
 119, 2, 218, etc. 
 
 sidereus, -a, -um, adj. (sidus, con- 
 stellation, star), of the constel- 
 lations, starry ; of the sun, 
 bright, shining, i, 779. 
 
 Sidonis, -idis, adj., f. (Sidon, 
 Sidon), Sidonian, Phoenician, 
 2, 840. 
 
 sidus, -eris, N., constellation, star, 
 heavens, sky, i, 71, %(i, 153, 
 etc. ; sun, i, 424. 
 
 signo, I, -avi, -atus (signum, 
 
VOCABULARY. 
 
 217 
 
 mark)y mark, mark out, desig- 
 nate, I, 136, 2, 326. 
 
 signum, -1, n., mark, sign, indica- 
 tion, proof, I, 220, 334, 764; 
 statue, I, 406, 2, 831 ; sign (pi 
 the zodiac), 2, 18, 197. 
 
 silentium, -T, n. (silens, still), 
 silence, stilhtess, i, 206, 208, 
 232, etc. 
 
 silex, -icis, m. and f., hard stone, 
 flint, 2, 706. 
 
 silva, -ae, f., wood, forest, i, 44, 
 302, 346, etc. 
 
 Silvanus, -1, m. (silva, forest), 
 Silvanus, (an old ltalia.n) god of 
 forests ; plu., gods of the forest, 
 sylvan deities, i, 193. 
 
 silvestris, -e, adj. (silva, forest), 
 of the forest, rough, 2, 681. 
 
 similis, -e, adj., comp., similior, 
 sup., simillimus [sem-, sim-, 
 together, like], like, similar, i, 
 406, 499, 535, etc. 
 
 simul, adv. [sem-, sim-, together], 
 at the same time, together, i, 
 230, 286; w. ac, as soon as, i, 
 729, 2, 167 ; without ac, as soon 
 as, 2, 19. 
 
 simulac, see simul. 
 
 simulacrum, -T, n. (simulo, make 
 like) [sem-, SIM-], likeness, fig- 
 ure, form, 2, 194. 
 
 simulo, I, -avT, -atus (similis, 
 like [SEM-, SIM-], make like, 
 imitate ; pretend, 2, 697. 
 
 sincerus, -a, -um, 2A].,pure, unin- 
 jured, whole, I, 191. 
 
 sine, prep. w. abl., without, i, 20, 
 26, 87, etc. 
 
 sinister, -tra, -trum, adj., left, on 
 the left, I, 45, 2, 18, 839; 
 comp., sinisterior, too far to the 
 left, 2, 139; as subst., F. (sc. 
 manus), left, 2, 681. 
 
 sino, 3, -sivi, -situs, let down, fix ; 
 let, allow, permit, i, 195, 630, 
 2, 89, 149; perf. pass, partic, 
 laid away, buried, 2, 327. 
 
 sinuo, I, -avT, -atus (sinus, fold), 
 curve out, swell, bend, 2, 875. 
 
 sinus, -us, M., fold, curve ; fold 
 of a garment, garment, i, 267, 
 
 2, 335- 
 
 siquis, see quis, indef. pron., and 
 si. 
 
 sisto, 3, stiti, status [sta-, stand], 
 place, set ; intrans., place one- 
 self, stand, rest, i, 307. 
 
 situs, see sino. 
 
 sive or seu, conj. (si, //; -ve, or), 
 or if; sive . . . sive, be it that 
 . . . or that, whether . . . or, i, 
 78, 80, T. 131. 
 
 smaragdus, -T, m. and f. (o-/xdpay- 
 dos), green precious stone, emer- 
 ald, jasper, 2, 24. 
 
 socer, -eri, m., father-i^i-law, i, 
 I45» 2, 526. 
 
 socia, -ae, f. (socius, sharing) 
 [sec-], companion, partner, i, 
 620. 
 
 sodalicius, -a, -um, adj. (sodalis, 
 friendly), of fellowship ; as 
 subst., N., fellowship, brother- 
 hood, T. 46. 
 
 sol, solis, M., sun, I, 63, 135, 418; 
 sunlight, sunshine, 2, 762, 808 ; 
 sunbeam, i, 435 ; as proper 
 
218 
 
 VOCABULARY. 
 
 name, Sol, Sun, sun-god, i, 751, 
 771, 2, I, etc. 
 solacium, -T, n. [2 sal-, save], 
 comfort, consolation, solace, T. 
 
 117- 
 
 SOleo, 2, , solitus, be accus- 
 tomed, be wont, i, 639, 2, 69, 
 278, etc. 
 
 solidus, -a, -um, adj. [2 ^h.\.-,save'\, 
 whole, complete ; firm, solid, i, 
 31, 409, 2, 147. 
 
 solitus, -a, -um, adj. (p. of soleo, be 
 accustomed), accustomed, usual, 
 common, i, 234, 2, 162, 838. 
 
 solium, -i, N. [SED-, sit], seat, offi- 
 cial seat, throne, 2, 24. 
 
 soUertia, -ae, f. (soUers, skilled) 
 [2 SAL-], skill, I, 391. 
 
 soUicitus, -a, -um, adj. (soUus, 
 complete ; citus, stirred) [ci-] 
 [2 SAL-, save], thoroughly 
 moved ; anxious, restless, 2, 
 125, T. 38, 116, A. 38. 
 
 solum, -1, N., lowest part, ground, 
 floor, 1,73; ground, earth, soily 
 I, 420, 2, 260. 
 
 solus, -a, -um, adj., gen., solius 
 [2 SAL-, save], alone, only, sole, 
 i> 35i» 359> 73i» etc.; /^«^/j/, 
 deserted, 2, 489. 
 
 solv5, 3, solvT, solutus (se-, apart ; 
 luo, loose) [lv-], loose, unfasten, 
 release, free, T. 24 ; open, i, 181 ; 
 pay, I, 209 ; w^//, 2, 853. 
 
 somnifer, -era, -erum, adj. (som- 
 nus, sleep) [sop-] [i fer-], 
 sleep-bringing, i, 672. 
 
 somnus, -1, m. [sop-, sleep], sleep, 
 slumber, i, 224, 685, 714, etc. 
 
 sonans, -antis, adj. (p. of sono, 
 sound) [son-], sou7tding, re- 
 sounding, I, 333, 2, 121. 
 
 sonitus, -us, M. [son-, sound], 
 jioise, dift, sound, i, 573. 
 
 (sons), sontis, adj., [es-, be], 
 guilty ; as subst., the guilty, 
 the wicked, 2, 522. 
 
 sonus, -1, M. [son-, sou7zd], sound, 
 noise, i, 61^%, 708. 
 
 sopor, -oris, m. [sop-, sleep], deep 
 sleep, slumber, i, 686, 715. 
 
 sorbeo, 2, -ui, , suck in, swal- 
 low, absorb, i, 40. 
 
 sordidus, -a, -um, adj. (sordes, 
 dirt), dirty, foul, squalid ; 
 stained, 2, 29. 
 
 soror, -oris, f., sister, i, 643, 763, 
 2, 14, etc. ; cousin, i, 351; 
 female friend, companion, i, 
 704. 
 
 SOrs, -tis, F. [SER-, bind], lot, cast- 
 ing of lots, 2, 291 ; oracle, proph- 
 ecy, oracular response, i, 368, 
 381, 389; lot, fortune, condi- 
 tion, 2, 56, 386. 
 
 sortior, 4, -It us, dep. (sors, lot) 
 [SER-], cast lots ; allot, assign, 
 2, 241. 
 
 spar go, 3, sparsT, sparsus, strew, 
 scatter, sprinkle, i, 253, 542, 2, 
 193, etc. 
 
 spatium, -1, n., space, room, dis- 
 tance, interval, i, 440, 2, 26, 
 197, etc.; path, track, 2, 168; 
 space, portion of time, interval, 
 period, i, 118, 411, 427. 
 
 Species, , f. [spec-, see], 
 
 sight, appearance ; resemblance. 
 
VOCABULARY. 
 
 219 
 
 likeness, form, 1,35, 436 ; beatify, 
 
 I, 612. 
 specto, I, -avT, -atus, freq. (specio, 
 
 look at) [spec-], see, behold, 
 
 look at, I, 84, 497, 544, etc. 
 speculor, i, -atus, dep. (specula, 
 
 watch-tower) [spec-], watch, 
 
 observe, look, i, 667. 
 Spercheis, -idis, adj., f., of the 
 
 Spercheos, river in Thessaly, 2, 
 
 250. 
 Sperchios, -IT, or Spercjieos, -el, 
 
 M. (STrepx^^os), Spercheos, river 
 
 in Thessaly, i, 579. 
 sperno, 3, sprevl, spretus, despise, 
 
 scorn, spurn, i, 701. 
 spero, I, -avT,.-atus (spes, hope), 
 
 hope, I, 491, 496, 536. 
 spes, spei, F., hope, i, 396, 539, 659. 
 spiceus, -a, -um, adj. (spica, 
 
 point), of corn, of grain, 2, 28. 
 spinous, -a, -um, adj. (spina, 
 
 thorn), of thorns, thorny, 2, 
 
 789. 
 spinosus, -a, -um, adj. (spina, 
 
 tho7'n), full of thorns, thorny, 
 
 prickly, 2, 810. 
 spissus, -a, -um, adj., thick, dense, 
 
 I, 23. 
 (spons, spontis), f., free will ; 
 
 only abl. sing., of one*s own ac- 
 cord, freely, willingly, i, 90, 
 
 417, 2, 128, T. 25. 
 spiimosus, -a, -um, adj. (spuma, 
 foam), full of foam, foamy, i, 
 
 570. 
 squaleo, 2, -uT, [2 cal-, 
 
 SCAL-, cover^ be stiff ; be filthy, 
 
 be squalid, 2, 760. 
 
 squalidus, -a, -um, adj. [2 cal-, 
 
 SCAL-, cover^ stiff; dirty, filthy, 
 
 squalid, 2, 381. 
 stagno, I, -avT, -atus (stagnum, 
 
 standing water) [STA-], cover 
 
 (as a lake), i, 324. 
 stagnum, -i, n. [sta-, stand'], 
 
 standing water, pool, pond, lake, 
 
 1, 38, 2, 379. 
 
 static, -onis, f. [sta-, stand~\, 
 standing ; station, position, 
 watch, I, 627, 2, 115. 
 
 Stella, -ae, f. (for * sterula) [ster-, 
 strewl, star, 2, 114, 205, 321, 
 etc. 
 
 stellans, -antis, adj. (stella, star) 
 [STF-R-I, starry ; shining, i, 723. 
 
 stellatus, -a, -um, adj. (stella, 
 star) [ster-], set with stars; 
 many-eyed, i, 664. 
 
 sterilis, -e, adj., unfruitful, bar- 
 ren, sterile, i, 496. 
 
 sterno, 3, stravi, stratus [ster-, 
 strew'], strew, scatter; throw 
 down, overthrow, prostrate, i, 
 272, 460, 2, 477. 
 
 Stheneleis, -idis, adj., f., ofSthen- 
 elus, king of the Ligurians, 
 father of Cycnus, 2, '}fi']. 
 
 stillo, I, -avT, -atus (stilla, drop), 
 make drops, distil, drip, i, 112, 
 
 2, 364. 
 
 stimulus, -1, M., prick, goad, spur, 
 I, 244,2, 127, 399; sting, pain, 
 torment, i, 726. 
 
 stipes, -itis, m., log, stock, trunks 
 tree, i, 553, 2, 351. 
 
 stipula, -ae, f., stalk, straw, stub- 
 ble, I, 492. 
 
220 
 
 VOCABULARY. 
 
 stirps, -pis, F. or m. [ster-, s^rew], 
 stocky stem, root; race, stock, 
 family, i, 159, 760 ; descendant, 
 child, T. 9. 
 
 st5, I, steti, status [sta-, stand'\, 
 stand, I, 133, 374, 563, etc.; 
 stand firm, remain, i, 243, 2, 
 818. 
 
 strings, 3, -inxT, -ictus, draw tight, 
 touch, graze, i, 536. 
 
 struo, 3, striixl, structus, place 
 together, heap up, build, erect, 
 I, 153, T. 86; set in order, ar- 
 range, I, 677; prepare, devise, 
 
 1, 198. 
 
 Strymon, -onis, m. {Zrpv/jubp), 
 Strymon, river of Macedonia, 
 
 2, 257. 
 
 studiosus, -a, -um, adj. (studium, 
 zeal), full of zeal; zealous, 
 fond, friendly, devoted, T. 91. 
 
 studium, -1, N., zeal, eagerness, 
 devotion, favor, i, 199, 694 ; 
 pursuit, T. 21, 30, 64. 
 
 stupeo, 2, -ui, , be stunned, 
 
 be stupefied, be amazed, 2, 191. 
 
 Stygius, -a, -um, adj., of the Styx, 
 Stygian, of the lower world, i , 
 139' 189^ 1Z1^ 2, loi, T. '^Z. 
 
 suadeo, 2, suasi, ^VLdi^yxs, persuade, 
 advise, urge, i, 392, 618, T. 39. 
 
 sub, prep. w. abl. and ace. ; w. 
 abl., under, beneath, i, 70, 189, 
 260, etc. ; under, near, at the 
 foot of, 2, 702, 703 ; during, by, 
 at, I, 494; under, under the 
 direction of, connected with, i, 
 114, 213, 410, etc.; w. ace, 
 during, at, i, 426. 
 
 subdo, 3, -didi, -ditus (sub, under) 
 [2 DA-, put'\, put under, place 
 beneath, i, 62. 
 
 subeo, -ire, -ii, -itus (sub, under ; 
 eo, go) [i-],^^ under, enter, i, 
 121 ; come after, sticceed, take 
 the place of, i, 114, 130. 
 
 subicio, 3, -iecT, -iectus (sub, un- 
 der ; iacio, throw) [iac-], throw 
 under, place under, i, 155, 229, 
 298, etc. 
 
 subitus, -a, -um, adj. (p. of subeo, 
 go under) [l-], sudden, i, 202, 
 315, 2, 180, 349. 
 
 sublimis, -e, adj. [lac-, lic-, 
 crook, deepen^ lofty, high, ex- 
 alted, I, 85, 168, 666, 2, i; lofty, 
 eminent, distinguished, T. 121. 
 
 submoveo (summ-), 2, -movl, 
 -motus (sub, under ; moveo, 
 move) [mov-,* mv-], put out of 
 the way ; drive off, remove, i, 
 664. 
 
 suboles, -is, f. (sub, under) [ol-, 
 grow'\, sprout ; offspring, prog- 
 eny, race, i, 251. 
 
 subsidS, 3, -sedi, -sessus (sub, 
 under ; sid5, sit) [sed-], sit 
 down ; fall, sink, subside, i , 
 43» 343, 2, 277. 
 
 subsisto, 3, -stitT, : (sub, 
 
 under ; sisto, place) [sta-], 
 take position ; stop, cense, i, 
 207. 
 
 succedo, 3, -cessi, -cessus (sub, 
 under ; cedo, go) [cad-], go 
 under, enter, 2, 766; follow 
 after, succeed, i, 125, T. 71 ; be 
 successful, go on well, 2, 788. 
 
VOCABULARY. 
 
 221 
 
 successor, -oris, m. (succedo, suc- 
 ceed) [cad-], successor^ T. 53. 
 
 successus, -us, m. (succedo, suc- 
 ceed) [cad-], success^ 2, 781. 
 
 succumbo (subc-), 3, -cubul, 
 
 (sub, under) [CVB-, bend\ fall 
 dow7t, sink, I, 714; yield, sub- 
 mit, T. 103. 
 
 succutid (subc-), 3, , 
 
 (sub, under; quatio, shake), 
 shake up, toss up, 2, 166. 
 
 SUCUS, -1, M., juice, liquor, mois- 
 ture, I, 407, 2, 120, 211. 
 
 sudor, -oris, m., sweat, perspira- 
 tion, 2, 198. 
 
 suffundo (subf-), 3, -fudi, -fusus 
 (sub, under; fundo, pom-) 
 [fvd-] , pour below ; overspread, 
 suffuse, I, 484, 2, 777. 
 
 sui (gen.), dat., sibi or sibi, ace. 
 and abl., se, sing, and plu., 3d 
 pers. reflex, pron., himself, her- 
 self, itself, themselves, i, 27, 
 102, 250, etc. ; in indirect dis- 
 course, referring to principal 
 subject, he, she, it, i, 772. 
 
 sulcus, -1, M.., furrow, i, 123. 
 
 Sulmo, -onis, m., Sulmo, town in 
 Italy ninety miles east of 
 Rome, T. 3. 
 
 sum, esse, i<x\, futurus [es-, be^, 
 be, exist, live, be found, be situ- 
 ated, I, 6, 15, 16, etc. ; be, have, 
 belong, possess, w. dat., i, 192, 
 659, 2, 146, etc. ; in futurum, 
 for the future, i, 735. 
 
 summa, -ae, f. (summus, highest ; 
 sc. res), top ; sum, whole, sub- 
 stance, 2, 300. 
 
 summus, see superus. 
 
 sumo, 3, sumpsi, sumptus (sub, 
 under ; emo, buy, take) [em-], 
 take, take up, assume, put on, 
 I, 335' 430» 672, etc. 
 
 super, adv. and prep. (cf. superus, 
 upper), {a) adv., above, over, 2, 
 ^5^5 W PJ'ep-) above, over, i, 
 67, 2, 17, 265, 284. 
 
 superbus, -a, -um, adj. (super, 
 above), proud, haughty, arro- 
 gant, I, 454, 752^ 
 
 superOy I, -avi, -at us (superus, 
 upper), go over, rise above, i, 
 317 ; surpass, excel, 2, 5. 
 
 superstes, -itis, adj. (super, 
 above) [sta-, stand'], standing 
 by; remaining alive, surviv- 
 i^g^ I, 35I' A. 42. 
 
 supersum, -esse, -f ui (super, over ; 
 sum, be) [es-], be over, be left, 
 remain, survive, i, 325, 326, 
 743, 2, 300. 
 
 superus, -a, -um, adj., comp., 
 superior, sup., supremus and 
 summus, upper, higher ; as 
 subst.. M. plu., superi, -orum 
 (-um), those who are above, the 
 gods, I, 161, 170, 177, etc. ; 
 summus, -a, -um, uppermost, 
 highest, 2, 3 ; highest part of, 
 top of, I, 27, 163, 212, etc.; 
 surface of 7.^ 235 ; as subst., 
 M., highest, chief, 2, 280 ; N. 
 plu., highest places, heights, 2, 
 206 ; supremus, -a, -um, high- 
 est ; last, A. 41. 
 
 supplex (subp-), -icis, adj. (sub, 
 under) [fi,ec-, fold], (kneeling)^ 
 
222 
 
 VOCABULARY. 
 
 submissive y suppliant, i, 92, 
 ^35' 2, 396, 477. 
 
 supplicium (subp-), -1, n. (sup- 
 plex, suppliant) [plec-], kneel- 
 ing down, supplication ; pun- 
 ishment (because criminals 
 kneeled to be beheaded), pen- 
 alty, 2, 782. 
 
 supp5no (subp-), 3, -posui, -posi- 
 tus (sub, under ; pdno, put), 
 put under, place beneath, 2, 
 810. 
 
 supprimo (subp-), 3, -pressT, 
 -pressus (sub, U7ider ; prem5, 
 press) [PREM-], w^>&^ sink ; hold 
 back, check, repress, i, 715. 
 
 supra, adv. and prep, (for supera, 
 abl. of superus), above; as 
 i^re^., above, over, i, 295, 331. 
 
 supremus, see superus. 
 
 surgo, 3, surrexT and subrexT, 
 
 (sub, from under ; rego, 
 
 guide) [reg-], rise, arise, stand 
 up, I, 44, 345»2, 771, 820. 
 
 suspectus, -a, -um, adj. (p. of 
 
 suspicio, look up) [spec-], sub- 
 ject to suspicion, suspected, i, 
 618. 
 
 suspicio, 3, -spexT, -spectus (sub, 
 from under) [spec-, see\ look 
 upwards, look up at, 2, 840. 
 
 suspirium, -i, n. (cf. suspiro, 
 sigh), deep breath, sigh, sighing, 
 I, 656, 2, 125, 774. 
 
 suspiro, I, -a VI, -atus (sub, un- 
 der ; spiro, breathe), draw a 
 deep breath, sigh, i, 707. 
 
 sustineS, 2, -tinuT, -tentus (subs 
 = sub, from under ; teneo, 
 hold) [ten-], hold up, bear, 
 support, 2, 297 ; bear, endure, 
 tolerate, i, 530, 2, 228, T. 74; 
 wear, A. 37. 
 
 suus, -a,-um, possess, adj. (cf. suf, 
 of himself), his own, her own, 
 its own, their own, his, her, its, 
 their, i, 13, 17, 30, etc. 
 
 Syrinx, -ingis, f. (SOpi*/^), Syrinx, 
 a nymph changed to a reed, i, 
 691, 705. 
 
 tabes, -is, f., wasting, decline, de- 
 cay, 2, 807 ; plague, pestilence, 
 poison, 2, 784. 
 
 (tabum, -1), N., only abl. sing., 
 corruption, putrid gore, plague, 
 2, 760. 
 
 taceo, 2, -cuT, -citus [tac-, silent\ 
 be silent, say nothi7ig, i, 758. 
 
 tacitus, -a, -um, adj. (p. of taceo, 
 be silent) [TAC-], silent, quiet, 
 noiseless, T. 27. 
 
 taeda, -ae, f., pitch-pine, fagot; 
 marriage torch, i, 483; mar- 
 riage, wedding, i, 658, 763. 
 
 taedium, -1, n. (taedet, /'/ wearies), 
 weariness, tediousness, T. 116. 
 
 Taenarius, -a, -um, adj. (Taena- 
 rus, Taenarus), Taenarian, of 
 Taenarus, a promontory of 
 Laconia, near a fabled entrance 
 to the lower world, 2, 247. 
 
 Tagus, -I, M., Tagus, river of 
 
VOCABULARY. 
 
 223 
 
 Lusitania in Spain, 2, 251, A. 
 
 34- 
 talis, -e, demonstr. adj. [ta-, 
 
 that']^ such, of such a kind, 
 
 thus, as follows, i, 181, 200, 
 
 250, etc. 
 tarn, adv. [ta-, that^ so, i, 551, 
 
 2, 55> 859- 
 
 tamen, adv. [ta-, that^ never- 
 theless, for all that, yet, still, 
 however, i, 127, 185, 210, etc. 
 
 tamquam, adv. (tam, so ; quam, 
 as^ [ta-], so as, as much as, as 
 if 2, 360. 
 
 Tanais, -is, m. (Tdmts), Tanais, 
 river of Sarmatia, now the 
 Don, 2, 242. 
 
 tandem, adv. (tam, so; -dem, 
 demonstr. ending) [ta-], at 
 length, at last, i, 735, 748, 2, 
 222, 794, T. 109. 
 
 tango, 3, tetigi, tactus [tag-, 
 touch\ touch, reach, arrive at, 
 move, affect, i, 375, 538, 644, 
 etc. 
 
 tantum, adv. (tantus, so great) 
 [ta-], so much; only, alone, 
 merely, i, 137, 656, 2, 355, T. 
 
 51- 
 tantummodo, adv. (tantum, 
 
 only ; modo, only) [ta-], only, 
 
 alone, i, 675. 
 tantus, -a, -um, adj. [ta-, that^ so 
 
 great, such, i, 60, 202, 288, etc.; 
 
 as subst., N., so much, i, 440, 
 
 2, 284 ; abl. of difference, by so 
 
 much, so much the, i, 53,465. 
 tarde, adv. (tardus, slow), slowly, 
 
 T.56. 
 
 tardus, -a, -um, adj., slow, slug- 
 gish, 2, 177. 
 
 Tartarus (-os), -1, m., or Tartara, 
 -onim, N. (Tdprapos, Tdprapa), 
 the infernal regions, lower 
 world, Tartarus, i, 113, 2, 
 260. 
 
 Taurus, -1, m., Taurus, mountain 
 range in southeastern part of 
 Asia Minor, 2, 217. 
 
 taurus, -1, M., bull, bullock, steer, 
 2, 701, 850, 869; as proper 
 name, Taurus, the Bull, a con- 
 stellation forming one of the 
 signs of the zodiac, 2, 80. 
 
 tectum, -i, N. (p. of tego, cover) 
 [teg-], covered structure, house, 
 dwelling, palace, roof, i, 170, 
 218, 231, etc. 
 
 tego, 3, texT, tectus [teg-, cover^ 
 caver, hide, conceal, i, 5, 44, 50, 
 etc. 
 
 tegumen, -inis, n. [teg-, cover'], 
 cover, covering; hat, cap, i, 
 672, 674. 
 
 tellus, -uris, f. [tal-, lift], earth, 
 globe, I, 12, 48, 630; as ele- 
 ment, earth, i, 15, 16, 29, etc. ; 
 earth, land, ground, i, 102, 
 109, 291, etc. ; land, country^ 
 I, 65, 2, 839; personified, 
 Earth, the goddess, 2, 272, 
 301. 
 
 telum, -1, N., weapon, dart, spear, 
 I, 259, 330, 443, etc. 
 
 temerarius, -a, -um (temere, 
 rashly) [2 TEM-, TIM-], rash, 
 thoughtless, inconsiderate, i, 
 514, 2, 50. 
 
224 
 
 VOCABULARY. 
 
 tem5, -onis, m., pole^ tongue^ 2, 
 107, 316. 
 
 Tempe, n. plu., indecl. (T^/xTn;), 
 Te77tpe^ valley of the river 
 Peneus in Thessaly, between 
 Olympus and Ossa, i, 569. 
 
 temperies, , ace. -em, abl. 
 
 -e, F. (tempers, abstain) [i 
 TEM-], proper mixture^ i, 430; 
 moderate temperature, i? S^- 
 
 tempero, i, -avi, -atus (tempus, 
 time) [i TEM-], abstain; rule, 
 govern, i, 770. 
 
 tempestas, -atis, f. (tempus, time) 
 [i TEM-], time, period, i, 183. 
 
 tempestive, adv. (tempestivus, 
 timely) [i tem-], at the right 
 time, opportunely, T. 81. 
 
 templum, -T, n. [i tem-, cut^, 
 open place, consecrated place ; 
 temple, shrine, i, 375, 381, 750. 
 
 tempto (tents), i, -avT, -atus, 
 intens. (tendo, stretch) [ten-], 
 try, attempt, i, 190, 397, 684, 
 etc. 
 
 tempus, -oris, n. [i tem-, cut~\, 
 section of time, time, i , 1 1 6, 7 24 ; 
 time, period, age, i, 4, 211, 256, 
 etc. ; timt, need, emergency, T. 
 106. 
 
 tempus, -oris, n. (tempus, time) 
 [l TEM-], vital spot, temple, i, 
 451. 
 
 tends, 3, tetendi, tentus or ten- 
 sus [ten-, stretch\ stretch, ex- 
 tend, hold out, I, 636, 2, 477 ; 
 hold a course, go, tejtd, T. 17. 
 
 tenebrae, -arum, f., darkness, 
 gloom, I, 475, 2, 144, 181, 395. 
 
 tenebrosus, -a,-um, adj. (tenebrae, 
 
 darkness), full of darkness, 
 dark, gloomy, i, 113. 
 Tenedos (-us), -T, f. (T^j/eSos), 
 Tenedos, island of the Aegean 
 Sea near the coast of Troy, i, 
 
 516. 
 
 teneo, 2, tenui, [ten-, 
 
 stretch'], hold, keep, retain, hold 
 
 back, occupy, i, 73, 206, 321, 
 
 etc. 
 tener, -era, -erum, adj. [ten-, 
 
 st7'etch'], soft, tender, 2, 359, 
 
 851 ; tender, gentle, young, 
 
 youthful, T. I, 15, 2tZ- 
 tenuis, -e, adj. [ten-, stretch^, 
 
 drawn out; thin, fine, i, 549, 
 
 571 ; light, slight, i, 708. 
 tenuo, I, -avi, -atus (tenuis, thin) 
 
 [ten-], make thin, contract, 
 
 weaken, 2, '}p'}^. 
 tenus, , N. [ten-, stretch], 
 
 stretched cord (old) ; as prep., 
 
 w. abl., all the way to, up to, 
 
 as far as, 2, 275. 
 tepeo, 2, , [tep-, warm], 
 
 be moderately warm, be tepid, 
 
 I, 107. 
 tepesco, 3, , inch, (tepeo, be 
 
 tepid) [tep-], become warm, 
 
 be warmed, i, 63. 
 tepidus, -a, -um, adj. [tep-, 
 
 wa7'm], warm, tepid, 2, 269. 
 tepor, -oris, m. [tep-, warm], 
 
 gentle warmth, 2, 811. 
 ter, num. adj., three times, thrice, 
 
 I, 179, 2, 49, 270, etc. 
 tergum, -1, n. [trag-, drag], 
 
 back, I, 383, 394, 541, etc. 
 
VOCABULARY. 
 
 225 
 
 tero, 3, triyi, tritus [i ter-, bore^ 
 rub\ rub ^ graze ^ i, 298. 
 
 terra, -ae, f. [ters-, parch\ the 
 earthy i, 34; as an element, 
 earthy i? 52 ; earth, land, i, 5, 
 14, 22, etc. ; earth, ground, i, 
 84, 633, 2, 347, etc. ; country, 
 land, I, 654, 774 ; personified, 
 Terra, Earth, mother of the 
 Titans and Giants, i, 157. 
 
 terrenus, -a, -um, adj. (terra, 
 earth) [ters-], of ea^-th, earthy, 
 
 ^ I, 68, 408. 
 
 terreo, 2, -uT, -itus [2 ter-, shake, 
 scare'], frighten, terrify, scare, 
 
 1, 232, 357, 727, 2, 261, 492. 
 terribilis, -e, adj. (texxeo, frighten) 
 
 [2 TER-], frightful, terrible, 
 dreadful, i, 147, 265, 2, 61. 
 
 terrificus,. -a, -um, adj. (terreo, 
 frighten) [2 ter-] \YhC-,'make'\, 
 causing terror, terrible, fright- 
 ful, i,_i79- 
 
 terror, -oris, m. [2 ter-, shake, 
 scare], fear, dread, terror, i, 
 202, 440, 2, 398, 484. 
 
 tertius, -a, -um, num. adj., ord. 
 (ter, thrice), third, i, 125, 2, 
 
 350- 
 testificor, i, -atus, dep. (testis, 
 
 witness) [fac-, make], make a 
 
 witness, attest, testify to, T. 100. 
 testis, -is, M. and f., witness, i, 
 
 400, 2, 45. 
 testor, I, -atus (testis, witness), 
 
 call to witness, invoke, 2, 304 ; 
 
 show, declare, bear witness to, 
 
 2, 486. 
 
 Tethys, -yos, f. (Tt/^iJs), Tethys, 
 
 a sea-goddess, daughter of 
 
 Uranus and Gaea, mother of 
 
 Clymene, 2, 69, 1 56, 509. 
 Teuthranteus, -a, -um, adj., of 
 
 Teuthras ; Mysian, Teuthran- 
 
 tean, 2, 243. 
 thalamus, -T, M. (^dXa/xos), inner 
 
 room, chamber, 2, 526, 797 ; 
 
 fnarriage, wedlock, i, 658. 
 Thalia (-lea), -ae, f., Thalia, 
 
 Muse of comedy; Muse, T. 
 
 56. 
 
 Themis, -idis, ace, -min, f., 
 Themis, daughter of Uranus 
 and Gaea, goddess of justice 
 and of prophecy, who presided 
 over the oracle at Delphi 
 before Apollo, i, 321, 379. 
 
 Thermodon, -ontis, m. (QepfKjbdojv), 
 Thermodon, river of Pontus, 
 by which the Amazons lived, 
 2, 249. 
 
 Thybris, -is, ace, -im or -in, m. 
 (Qv^pis)^ Tiber, river of Italy 
 (poet.), 2, 259. 
 
 TibuUus, -T, M., Albius Tibullus, 
 an elegiac poet, friend of 
 Ovid and Horace, T. 51. 
 
 tigris, -dis, plu., tigres {rl'^pii), 
 M. or f., tiger, i, 305. 
 
 timeo, 2, -ui, [2 TEM-, TIM-, 
 
 stun], fear, be afraid, i, 92, 
 176, 254, etc. 
 
 timide, adv. (timidus, fearful) 
 [2 TEM-, Tiu-],fea7 fully, tim- 
 idly, I, 746. 
 
 timidus, -a, -um, adj. [2 tem-, 
 TIM-, stun] , afraid, timid, fright- 
 ened, I, 525. 
 
226 
 
 VOCABULARY. 
 
 timor, -oris, m. [2 tem-, tim-, 
 stunl, /ear, dread, fright, i, 
 359' 539» 2, 66, 180. 
 
 tingo (-guo), 3, tinxi, tinctus, wet, 
 bathe, dip, 2, 172 ; dye, tinge, 
 stain, 2, 798. 
 
 Titan, -anis, m. (Tird?'), Titan, 
 name for the sun-god (Sol, 
 Helios, Phoebus), son of Hy- 
 perion, I, 10, 2, 118. 
 
 Titania, -ae, f., Titania, descend- 
 ant of a Titan, Pyrrha, i, 395. 
 
 Tm51us, -I, M. (T/LtwXos), Tmolus, 
 mountain of Lydia, 2, 217. 
 
 toga, -ae, f. [teg-, cover], toga, 
 outer garment, citizen's cloak, 
 T. 28. 
 
 tolero, I, -a VI, -atus [tal-, tol-, 
 ///*/], endure, bear, 2, 301. 
 
 toll5, 3, sustulT, sublatus [tal-, 
 TOL-, /{//], lift, raise, i, 86, 
 731, 2, 266, etc. ; remove, take 
 away, 2, 506. 
 
 Tomitae, -arum, m., inhabitants 
 of Tomis or Tomi, a frontier 
 town, not far from the Hister 
 or Danube, T. 97. 
 
 tonans, -antis, adj. (tono, thun- 
 der), thundering ; as subst., 
 the thunder er, Jupiter, i, 170. 
 
 tonitrus, -us, m., plu. nom. and 
 ace, tonitrus, M., or tonitrua, 
 N. (tono, thunder), thunder, i, 
 55» 2, 308. 
 
 torpor, -oris, m., numbness, torpor, 
 
 I, 548- 
 
 torqueo, 2, torsi, tortus [tarc-, 
 turji], turn, twist, spin, whirl, 
 2,71. 
 
 torred, 2, torruT, tostus [ters-, 
 parch'], parch, roast, bake, 
 scorch, I, 229, 2, 283. 
 
 tortilis, -e, adj. (torqueo, turn) 
 [tarc-], twisted, winding, i, 
 
 tortus, -a, -um, adj. (p. of torqueo, 
 turn) [tarc-], twisted, 2, 138. 
 
 torus, -1, M. [STER-, spread], 
 swelling, muscle, 2, 854 ; cush- 
 ion, couch, bed, i, 319, 353, 
 620, etc. 
 
 torvus, -a, -um, adj., staring, wild, 
 stern, savage, 2, 270. 
 
 tostus, see torreo. 
 
 tot, num. adj., indecl. [ta-, that], 
 so many, i, 254, 325, 326, etc. 
 
 totidem, num. adj., indecl. (tot, 
 so many ; -dem, demonstr. end- 
 ing) [ta-], Just as many, the 
 same number, i, 45, 48, 50, 2, 
 18. 
 
 totus, -a, -um, gen., totius, adj., 
 all, the whole, entire, i, 6, 71, 
 187, etc. 
 
 tractus, -us, m. [trag-, drag], 
 dragging, track, course, region, 
 I, 59> 2, 320. 
 
 trado, 3, -didi, -ditus (trans, over ; 
 do, give) [i DA-], give up, yield, 
 deliver, show, give, i, 249, 624, 
 764, 2, 291^ 
 
 traho, 3, traxT, tractus [trag-, 
 d7'ag], draw, drag, draw away, 
 I, 191, 2, 71, 79, etc. ; bring on, 
 
 1, 219; take on, assume, i, 412, 
 
 2, 236; draw in, breathe in, ^^ 
 230. 
 
 traicio, 3, -iecl, -iectus (trans, 
 
VOCABULARY. 
 
 227 
 
 across; iacio, thi-ow) [iac-], 
 throw across^ pierce^ penetrate^ 
 transfix^ i, 473. 
 
 transeo, -Ire, -ii, -itus (trans, over; 
 ®o, go) [l-], go over, go across, 
 pass over, cross, i, 216, 779. 
 
 tremo, 3, -m, [2 ter-, shake\ 
 
 shake, tremble ; tremble at, 
 shudder at, 2, 519. 
 
 tremor, -oris, m. [2 ter-, shake'l, 
 shaking, trembling, 1^ 2"](i. 
 
 tremulus, -a, -um, adj. [2 ter-, 
 shake'l, shaking, quivering, wav- 
 ing, 2, 875^ 
 
 trepido, i, -avi, -atus (trepidus, 
 agitated) [tarc-], be agitated, 
 be disturbed, tremble, i, 251, 
 506, 2, dd; tremble, beat, i, 
 
 554- 
 trepidus, -a, -um, adj. [tarc-, 
 
 tur7{\, agitated, anxious, 
 
 alarmed, 2, 194. 
 tres (tris), tria, gen., trium, num. 
 
 adj., three, 2, 131, T. 10, 34. 
 tribuo, 3, -ui, -utus (tribus, tribe), 
 
 assign, bestow, give, 2, 45. 
 (tricuspis, -idis) (tres, three ; 
 
 cuspis, point), with three points, 
 
 three-tined, i, 330. 
 tridens, -entis, adj. (tres, three ; 
 
 dens, tooth), with three teeth ; 
 
 as subst., M., three-tined spear, 
 
 trident, i, 283. 
 trifidus, -a, -um, adj. (ter, thrice) 
 
 [2 FID-, Split 1, thrice-split, 
 
 three-cleft, three-forked, 2, 325. 
 trio, -onis, m. [i ter-, rub^, 
 
 plough ox; plu., constellation 
 
 of the Wagon or Great Bear, 
 
 2, 1 7 1 , 528 ; by meton., sing., the 
 North. I, 64. 
 
 tristis, -e, adj. [2 ter-, shake'], 
 sad, soi'rowful, gloomy, i, 650, 
 2, 763, T. 112; Tristia, -ium, 
 N. plu., sad things, Tristia, 
 name given by Ovid to his ele- 
 gies written in exile. 
 
 trisulcus, -a, -um, adj. (ter, thrice; 
 ^vXtVi^, furrow), with three fur- 
 rows, three-cleft, three-forked, 2, 
 848. 
 
 Triton, -5nis, m. {^piriav), Triton, 
 sea-god, son of Neptune and 
 Amphitrite, i, 333, 2, 8. 
 
 Tritonia, -ae, f., Tritonia, a name 
 for Minerva, either from the 
 brook Triton in Boeotia, where 
 she was early worshipped, or 
 from lake Triton in Africa, 
 where she was said to have 
 been born, 2, 783. 
 
 Tritonis, -idis or -idos, adj. (Tpt- 
 rb3vii), Tritonian, of Minerva, 
 of Pallas, 2, 794. 
 
 tritus, -a, -um, adj. (p. of tero, 
 rub) [i TER-], oft-trodden, fre- 
 quented, worn, 2, 167. 
 
 triumphus, -T, m., triumphal pro- 
 cession, triumph, victory, i, 560, 
 
 A. ZZ- 
 truncus, -a, -um, adj. [tarc-, 
 
 turn], maimed ; ufideveloped, 
 
 imperfect, i, 428. 
 truncus, -1, m. (truncus, maimed) 
 
 [tarc-], stem, stock, trunk, 2, 
 
 358, 822. 
 tu, tui, pers. pron., thou, you, 
 
 I, 2, 197, 204, etc. 
 
228 
 
 VOCABULARY. 
 
 tuba, -ae, f., trufnpet, war trum- 
 pet, I, 98. 
 tueor, 2, tuitus or tutus, look at, 
 
 gaze at; watch over, guards 
 
 protect, I, 563, A. 40. 
 turn, adv. [ta-, that'^, then^ at 
 
 that time, i, 119, 121, 123, etc.; 
 
 next, then, thereupon, i, 36, 
 
 689, 2, 122. 
 tumesco, 3, -mui, , inch. 
 
 (tumeo, swell) [tvm-], begin to 
 
 swell, swell, i, 36. 
 tumidus, -a, -um, adj. [tvm-, 
 
 swell\ swollen, i, 460 ; swollen 
 
 with pride, puffed up, haughty, 
 
 I, 754. 
 tumulus, -1, M. [tvm-, swell^ 
 
 heap of earth, hill, i, 309; 
 
 burial mound, grave, tomb, 2, 
 
 326. 
 tunc, adv. (turn, then ; -ce, de- 
 
 monstr. ending) [ta-], then, at 
 
 that time, i, 321, 339, 2, 68, 
 
 etc. 
 tunica, -ae, f., undergarment, 
 
 tunic, shirt, i, 398. 
 turba, -ae, f. [tvr-, harry. 
 
 crowd^ turmoil, tumult ; crowd, 
 throng, traijt, i, 92, 747 ; people, 
 
 I, 355. 
 
 turbo, I, -avT, -atus (turba, tur- 
 moil) [tvr-], disturb, frighten, 
 confuse, trouble, 2, 176. 
 
 turbo, -inis, m. (turbo, disturb) 
 [tvr-], whirlwind ; spiral, 
 twist, I, 336. 
 
 turpis, -e, adj. [tarc-, turn'], 
 ugly, unseemly, foul, filthy, i, 
 
 turris, -is, f., tower, i, 290. 
 
 tiis (thus), turis, N., incense, 
 frankincense, i, 249, 2, 289. 
 
 tutus, -a, -um, adj. (p. of tueor, 
 guard), safe, secure, without 
 danger, i, 93, 144, 196, etc. 
 
 tuus, -a, -um, possess, adj. (tu, 
 thou), thy, your, thy own, your 
 own, I, 462, 463, 465, etc. ; M. 
 plu. as subst., your people, 
 friends, i, 204. 
 
 tyrannus, -1, m. {ripawoi), mon- 
 arch, ruler, i, 218, 276. 
 
 Tyrius, -a, -um, adj., of Tyre, 
 Tyrian, 2, 845. 
 
 u 
 
 iiber, -eris, adj., abounding, rich, 
 full, T. 3. 
 
 ubi or ubi, rel. adv., where, i, 
 294, 639, 2, 195, etc. ; when, 
 whenever, as soon as, i, 32, 177, 
 318, etc.; interrog., where? 2, 
 
 233- 
 ubique, adv. (ubi, where; -que, 
 
 indef. suff., -soever), everywhere, 
 
 in every place, i, 214. 
 iidus, -a, -um, adj., wet, damp, 
 
 moist, I, 418. 
 uUus, -a, -um, gen., uUius, adj., 
 
 ^^JJ'j i> 72> loi, 680, etc.; as 
 
 subst., any one, anybody, i, 323, 
 
 2, 174- 
 
VOCABULARY. 
 
 229 
 
 ulmuSy -1, F., elm^ elm-tree^ i, 
 296. 
 
 ulterior, -ius, adj., com^.y farther ; 
 N. as 2.6.^., farther, more, longer, 
 2, 302, 872. 
 
 ultimus, -a, -um, adj. (sup. of 
 ulterior), farthest, last, utter- 
 most, 2, 517 ; last part of, 2, 
 67 ; as subst., N., the farthest 
 places, I, 31 ; (of time) the 
 last, I, 127, 150, T. 73 ; d!^ last, 
 
 1, 728. 
 
 iiltra, adv., on the other side ; 
 
 farther, more, besides, i , 530, 
 
 668. 
 umbra, -ae, f., shadow, shade, i, 
 
 681 ; shade, ghost, i, 139, 387, 
 
 T. 86, 87. 
 umbrosus, -a, -um, adj. (umbra, 
 
 shade), full of shade, shady, i, 
 
 467, 693. 
 iimeo, 2, , , be ?noist, be 
 
 wet, be damp ; partic, as subst., 
 
 N. plu., wet, wet things, i, 19. 
 umerus, -T, m., upper arm, 
 
 shoulder, I, 332, 457, 741, etc. 
 iimidus, -a, -um, adj. (cf. umeo, 
 
 be moist), moist, damp, i, 407, 
 
 432, 2, 143. 
 iimor, -oris, m. (cf. umeo, be moist), 
 
 liquid, moisture, i, 30, 417, 
 
 430, 2, 237. 
 iina, adv. (unus, one), in the same 
 
 place, at the same time, at once, 
 
 2, 781. 
 
 unda, -ae, f. [vd-, spring, well], 
 wave, billow, water, sea, i, 16, 
 22, 74, etc. 
 
 unde, adv., whence, from what 
 
 place, from which place, i, 
 390, 613, 667, etc. 
 
 undique, adv. (unde, whence; 
 -que, indef. suff., -soever), from 
 all parts, on all sides, every- 
 where, I, 568, 2, 232, 273. 
 
 unguis, -is, m., nail, claw (of the 
 fingers or toes), i, 742, 2, 
 
 479- 
 
 ungula, -ae, f. (unguis, nail), 
 hoof, I, 742. 
 
 iinus, -a, -um, adj., gen., unius, 
 num. adj., one, single, i, 185, 
 186, 227, etc. ; alone, only, i, 
 552, 583, 657 ; one and the 
 same, like, i, 6, 18, 721. 
 
 urbs, urbis, f., walled town, city, 
 I, 301, 749, 2, 15, etc. 
 
 uro, 3, ussi, ustus, burn, scorch, 
 dry up, I, 119, 496, 2, 212, 
 809. 
 
 ursa, -ae, f. (ursus, bear), bear, 
 she-bear, 2, 485, 494. 
 
 ursus, -1, M., bear, 2, 494. 
 
 usquam, adv., anywhere, i, 586. 
 
 usque, adv., all the way, without 
 interruption, even, T. 7. 
 
 usus, -us, M. (cf. utor, use), use, 
 practice, benefit, advantage, i, 
 99, 408, 2, 36, 332, 345. 
 
 ut or uti, adv. and conj.,^^, 1,45, 
 492, 493, etc.; though, i, 15, 
 370, 404, etc. ; as, when, after, 
 I, 163, 207, 268, etc. ; in order 
 that, that, to, so as to, i, 94, 
 547, 615, etc. 
 
 uterque, utraque, utrumque, adj., 
 each, either, each one, both, i, 
 50, 142, 338, 375, etc. 
 
230 
 
 VOCABULARY. 
 
 uterus, -1, lA.jWomb^ belly, paunch, 
 
 2, 354- 
 utilis, -e, adj. (utor, use), useful, 
 
 serviceable, proper, T. 69. 
 utinam, adv. (uti (ut), that ; nam, 
 
 for), oh that I would that! i, 
 _ 363* 2, 51, 93. 
 utor, 3, usus, dep., use, employ. 
 
 make use of, i, 278, 442, 2, 127, 
 
 146. 
 utrimque, adv. (uterque, each), on 
 
 both sides, in both directions, 2, 
 
 196. 
 uva, -ae, y., grape, 2, 29. 
 uxor, -oris, F., wife, T. 69. 
 
 vacca, -ae, f. [voc-, call^ cow, 
 heifer, i, 612, 621, 2, 694. 
 
 vac5, I, -a VI, -atus, be empty, be 
 vacant, be without, be free from, 
 2, 256, 764. 
 
 vacuus, -a, -um, adj. (cf. vaco, 
 be empty), empty, vacant, free, 
 I, 520, 533» 2, 165. 
 
 vadum, -1, ^., shallow place, ford, 
 river bed, i, 370. 
 
 vagus, -a, -um, adj. [vag-, veh-, 
 m,ove'\, roving, wandering, i, 
 308. 
 
 valeo, 2, -ui, -iturus, be strong, be 
 able, avail, 2, 60, 183, 192 ; be 
 well, be in health ; imper., fare- 
 well, adieu, good-by, 2, 363. 
 
 valles or vallis, -is, f., valley, 
 vale, I, 43, 2, 256, 761. 
 
 valvae, -arum, f. [3 vol-, roll, 
 twist"], double door, folding door, 
 
 1, 172, 2, 4. 
 
 vapor, -oris, m., steam, vapor, 
 warmth, heat, i, 432, 2, 283, 
 301. 
 
 varius, -a, -um, z.^-^., variegated, 
 mottled, diverse, various, i, 270, 
 
 2, 193- 
 
 vastus, -a, -um, adj., empty, waste ^ 
 
 vast, immense, monstrous, 2, 60, 
 
 194, 520. 
 vates, -is, m. and f., seer, prophet ; 
 
 bard, poet, T. 42, 1 29. 
 -ve, conj., enclit. [i vol-, will], 
 
 or, or if you will, i, 448, 508, 
 
 614 f repeated, either . . . o'^, 
 
 I, 693, T. 58. 
 veho, 3, vexT, vectus [vag-, veh-, 
 
 move, carry], carry, bear, con- 
 
 ^<y» I, 304> 305» 319' etc. 
 vel, conj. (old imper. of volo, 
 will, wish) [i VOL-], choose; 
 or, or if you will, i, 545, 2, 
 145 ; vel . . . vel, either . . . or, 
 
 1, 494.^ 
 
 vel5, I, -avi, -atus (velum, sail) 
 [vag-, veh-], cover, wrap, en^ 
 velop, veil, i, 382, 398, 2, 
 
 23- 
 velox, -ocis, adj. [2 vol-, fly], 
 swift, quick, rapid, i, 306, 551, 
 
 2, 118,818. 
 
 velum, -1, N. [vag-, veh-, move, 
 
 carry], sail, i, 132. 
 velut or veluti, adv. (vel, even ; 
 
 ut, as), even as, just as, just as 
 
VOCABULARY. 
 
 231 
 
 //", just as though y i, 483, 2, 
 
 117, 229. 
 vena, -ae, F., blood-vessel^ vein^ 2, 
 
 824; metallic vein., metal ^ i, 
 
 128 ; vein (in stone), i, 410. 
 venatrix, -Icis, f. (venator, 
 
 hunter)^ huntress., 2, 492. 
 venenum, -1, n., strong potion., 
 
 poison^ I, 444, 2, 198, ']']'] ^ 801. 
 venia, -ae, f., indulgence., favor ^ 
 
 forgiveness, pardon., i, 386. 
 venio, 4, venl, ventus [va-, ven-, 
 
 go., come\ come, ar7'ive, i, 220, 
 
 ^39' ^77y etc. 
 venor, i, -atus, dep., hunt, 2, 
 
 492. 
 venter, -tris, m., belly, stomach ; 
 
 body (of a serpent), i, 459. 
 ventus, -1, M., wind, i, -^(i, 56, 
 
 120, etc. 
 Venus, -ens, F., Venus, goddess 
 
 of love and beauty, daughter 
 
 of Jupiter and Dione, or born 
 
 from the foam of the sea, 
 
 mother of Cupid, i, 463. 
 ver, veris, n., spring, i, 107, 116, 
 
 118 ; personified. Spring, 2, 27. 
 (verber), -eris, n., lash, whip, 
 
 scourge, 2, 399. 
 verbosus, -a, -um, adj. (yerbum, 
 
 word), full of words, wordy, 
 
 T. 18. 
 verbum, -1, n., word, i, 91, 175, 
 
 389, etc. 
 verecundus, -a, -um, adj. (vereor, 
 
 reverence), ashamed, bashful, 
 
 modest, i, 484. 
 vereor, 2, -itus, dep., reverence ; 
 
 fear, be afraid, i, 587, 2, 69. 
 
 Vergilius, -T, m., P. Vergilius 
 Maro, VergitiYiQ poet, T. 51. 
 
 vero, adv. (verus, true), in truth, 
 in fact, 2, 518 ; but in fact, but 
 indeed, but, 2, 178, 227. 
 
 versus, -us, m. [vert-, turn'l, 
 line ; line of poetry, verse, T. 
 26. 
 
 vertex, -icis, m. [vert-, turn\, 
 whirl ; highest point, peak, 
 summit, i, 316. 
 
 vertigo, -inis, f. [vert-, turn'l, 
 turning round, whirl, whirl- 
 ing, 2, 70. 
 
 verto or vorto, 3, -ti, -sus [vert-,. 
 turn'l, turn, i, 235, 425, 2, 
 842 ; turn, change, alter, trans- 
 form, I, 160, 408, 2, 216, etc. 
 
 verum, -1, n. (verus, true), truth, 
 I, 129, 223, 225, etc.; truth, 
 reality, fact, i, 215. 
 
 verus, -a, -um, adj., true, real, i, 
 764, 2, 38, 43, etc. 
 
 vesper, -eri or -eris, m., evening 
 star, evening. West, i, d^. 
 
 vester or voster, -tra, -trum, 
 possess, adj. (vos, you), your, 
 I, 278, 280, 2, 296. 
 
 vestigium, -1, n., bottom of the 
 foot, sole, I, 536; footstep, step, 
 I, 372, 2, 21, 852, 871; foot- 
 print, foot-track, I, 399, 532 ; 
 trace, track, i, 237, 2, 133; 
 trace, remnaitts, 2, 318. 
 
 vestio, 4, -ivi, -itus (vestis, 
 clothes), cover with a garment, 
 clothe, 2, 376. 
 
 vestis, -is, f., clothes, garment, 
 attire, i, 236, 372, 382, etc. 
 
232 
 
 VOCABULARY. 
 
 veto, I, -ui, -itus, not to suffer^ 
 forbid^ prohibit y i, 251, 489, 2, 
 172, 521. 
 
 vetus, -eris, adj., sup., veterri- 
 mus, -a, -um, old^ former^ 
 earlier, i, 237, 417, 2, 707, 
 T.7. 
 
 vetustas, -atis, f. (vetus, old), 
 old age, age, length of time, i, 
 400, 445. 
 
 via, -ae, f. [vag-, veh-, carry\, 
 way, road, i, 168, 2, 63, 67, 
 etc. ; way, passage, i, 284, 2, 
 828 ; way, journey, coming, 2, 
 
 viator, -oris, m. (via, way) [vag-, 
 VEH-], wayfarer, traveler, i, 
 
 493- 
 
 vibro, I, -avi, -2X\xs>,set in motion, 
 shake, cause to flutter, i, 528 ; 
 brandish, hurl, 2, 308. 
 
 vicinia, -ae, f. (vicinus, near), 
 neighborhood, 2, 688. 
 
 vicinus, -a, -um, adj. (vicus, vil- 
 lage), of the neighborhood, near, 
 neighboring, 2, 507 ; as subst., 
 N. plu., neighborhood, vicinity, 
 
 I, 573- ^ 
 
 (vicis), vicis, f., change, alterna- 
 tion, turn, I, 626. 
 
 victor, -oris, M. [vie-, conqtier'], 
 conqueror, victor; in apposi- 
 tion, victorious, conqueriftg, T. 
 
 96. 
 
 victus, -us, M. [viv-, live'\, suste- 
 nance, nourishment, food, i, 
 312. 
 
 video, 2, vidi, visus [vid-, see], 
 see, perceive, look at, behold, i. 
 
 ^5» i63» 326, etc.; pass., be 
 seen, seem, appear, i, 567, 621, * 
 733 ; seem best, i, 366. 
 
 vigil, -ills, adj., awake, wakeful, 
 watchful, 2, 112. 
 
 vigilax, -acis, adj. {Yigilo, watch), 
 watchful, restless, 2, 779. 
 
 vigilo, I, -avi, -atus (vigil, awake), 
 watch, keep awake, i, 687. 
 
 vilis, -e, adj. [vag-, veh-, carry], 
 of little value, cheap, poor, 
 worthless, mean, A. 35. 
 
 villa, -ae, F., country-house, villa, 
 I, 295. 
 
 villus, -1, M., shaggy hair, wool, 
 I, 236, 2, 478- 
 
 vincid, 4, vinxT, vinctus [vi-, 
 VIC-, twine], bind, fasten, en- 
 circle, I, 122, T. 95. 
 
 vinco, 3, vTcT, victus [vie-, con- 
 quer], conquer, overcome, de- 
 feat, subdue, vanquish, i, 149, 
 378, 449, etc. 
 
 vinculum or vinclum, -I, n. 
 (vincio, bind) [vi-, vie-], bond, 
 band, cord, fetter, i, 631, 2, 
 790. 
 
 vindex, -icis, m. and f. [Die-, 
 show], defender, deliverer, aven- 
 ger, judge, I, 89, 93; as adj., 
 aveitgiftg, punishing, i, 230. 
 
 vindico, i, -avi, -atus (vindex, 
 defender) [Die-], assert a claim 
 to, demand, set free, restore, 
 give back, 2, 523. 
 
 vindicta, -ae, f. (vindico, demand, 
 set free) [Die-], rod, liberating 
 rod, defense, satisfaction, re- 
 dress, vengeance, i, 210. 
 
VOCABULARY. 
 
 233 
 
 vinetum, -i, n. (vinum, wine) 
 [vi-, VIC-], vineyard^ i, 298. 
 
 violentia, -ae, f. (violentus, for- 
 cible)^ violence^ ferocity^ fury, 
 
 1, 238. 
 
 violentus, -a, -um, adj., forcible, 
 violent, impetuous, i, 162, 2, 
 81. 
 
 vipereus, -a, -um, adj. (vipera, 
 viper), of a viper, of a snake, 
 
 2, 769. 
 
 vir, virl, m., man (opp. mulier, 
 woman), i, 323, 325, 412, etc. ; 
 plu., men, people, i, 286, 2, 15; 
 husband, i, 146, 479, 660. 
 
 virago, -inis, f. (virgo, virgin), 
 man-like woman, female war- 
 rior, heroine, 2, 765. 
 
 vireo, 2, , , be green, 
 
 flourish, bloom, 2, T]"], 795. 
 
 virga, -ae, f., slender branch, 
 twig, I, 122 ; wand, staff, i, 
 671, 675, 716, 2, 819. 
 
 virgineus, -a, -um, adj. (virgo, 
 virgin), of a virgin, of a maiden, 
 2, 219, 867. 
 
 virginitas, -atis, f. (virgo, vir- 
 gin), virginity, maidenhood, i, 
 487, 695. 
 
 virgo, -inis, F., virgin, maiden, 
 young woman, girl, i, 539, 2, 
 845, 868 ; as proper name,Virg6, 
 Astraea, which see, i, 149. 
 
 viridis, -e, adj., green, i, 112, 
 297? 2, 371 ; sea-green, 2, 12; 
 youthful, fresh, T. 17. 
 
 virus, -T, N., potent juice, poison, 
 venom, 2, 800. 
 
 vis, gen. (late) vis, plu., vires, 
 
 virium, F., force, strength^ 
 
 power, I, 26, 278, 305, etc.; 
 
 violence, i, 131. 
 viscus, -eris, and usually viscera, 
 
 -um, N., inner parts, inwards, 
 
 vitals, I, 138, 2, 274. 
 viso, 3, -sT, -sus, freq. (video, see) 
 
 [viD-], look at attentively, be- 
 hold, I y c^6i ; go to see, visit, i, 
 
 94. 
 vita, -ae, f. [viv-, live], life, i, 
 
 356, 585^ T. 31, 92, 105. 
 vitalis, -e, adj. (vita, life) [viv-], 
 
 of life, vital, 2, 828. 
 vitio, I, -avT, -atus (vitium,yj3;^^//) 
 
 [vi-, VIC-], make faulty, injure, 
 
 corrupt, infect, vitiate, 2, 295, 
 
 826. 
 vitiosus, -a, -um, adj. (vitium, 
 
 fault) [vi-, VIC-], full of 
 
 faults, faulty, T. 61. 
 vitium, -T, N. [vi-, vie-, twine], 
 
 fault, defect, vice, crime, 2, 769. 
 vitta, -ae, f. [vi-, vie-, twine], 
 
 band, fillet, chaplet, i, 477. 
 vivax, -acis, adj. [viv-, live], 
 
 tenacious of life ; life-giving, i , 
 
 420. 
 vivo, 3, vTxi, [viv-, live], 
 
 live, be alive, i, 144, 429, T. 
 
 83, etc. 
 vivus (-vos), -a, -um, adj. [viv-, 
 
 live], alive, living, T. 121 ; M. 
 
 plu. as subst., the living, A. 
 
 39- 
 vix, adv. [vie-, conquer], with 
 
 difficulty, hardly, scarcely, i, 
 
 58, 69, 548, etc. 
 voco, I, -a VI, -atus [voe-, call], 
 
234 
 
 VOCABULARY. 
 
 call^ summon^ i, 167, 333, 669, 
 etc.; call^ na?ne, i, 569, 691, 
 2, 559 ; call, bring J df-aw, 2, 
 
 235- 
 
 Volcanius (Vulc-), -a, -urn, adj., 
 of Vulcan, 2, 106. 
 
 volo, velle, volui [i vol-, will, 
 wis hi, will, wish, be willing, 
 I, 635, 2, 128, 347»395- 
 
 volucer, -ucris, -ucre, adj. [2 
 NO\.-, fly\, flying, winged, swift, 
 rapid, 2, 153, 234; as subst., 
 F., bird, 1,75, 308, 722, etc. 
 
 volumen, -inis, n. [3 vol-, roll, 
 Iwisl], coil, whirl, fold, 2, 71. 
 
 voluntas, -atis, f. [i vol-, will, 
 wis h'\, will, wish, desire, 2, 53. 
 
 VOlutO, I, -avT, -atus, freq. (volvo, 
 roll) [3 VOL-], roll, twist; re- 
 volve, consider, discuss, i, 389. 
 
 yolv5, 3, vol VI, volutus [3 vol-, 
 roll, twist\ roll, roll down, roll 
 along, I, 282, 570, 2, 320. 
 
 vomer, -eris, m., ploughshare, i, 
 102. 
 
 VOmo, 3, -ui, -itus, vomit, throw 
 forth, emit, 2, 119. 
 
 vos, see tu. 
 
 votum, -1, N. (voveo, vow), prom- 
 ise, vow, prayer, i, 221, 2, 186 ; 
 
 wish, desire, prayer, i, 489, 2, 
 89 ; thing wished for, hope, i, 
 
 273- 
 
 VOX, vocis, F. [voc-, caW], voice, 
 I, 638, 715, 2, 373, etc.; voice, 
 cry, 2, 483 ; sound, tone, music, 
 i> ZZ^-i ^7^j 709 ; "voice, call, 
 shout, word, i, 205, 244, 384, 
 etc. 
 
 vulg5 or volgo, ij -avi, -atus 
 (vulgus, people), spread among 
 the multitude, make common, 
 spread abroad, i, 164. 
 
 vulgus or volgus, -1, N., people, 
 mass, multitude, crowd, popu- 
 lace, I, 220, A. 35. 
 
 vulnero (voln-), i, -avi, -atus 
 
 (vulnUS, W0U7td) [VEL-, VOL-], 
 
 wou7id, injure, i, 717. 
 
 vulnificus (voln-), -a, -um, adj. 
 (vulnus, wound) [vel-, vol-] 
 [fac-] , wound-inflicting, wound- 
 i^gy 2, 504. 
 
 vulnus (voln-), -eris, n. [vel-, 
 VOL-, tear, pluck 1, wound, in- 
 jury, cut, blow, I,' 444, 458, 
 520, etc. 
 
 vultus (volt-), -lis, M., counte- 
 nance, looks, face, appearance, 
 I, 6, 86, 238, etc. 
 
 X 
 
 Xanthus, -1, m. {^6.vOoi), Xanthus, 
 a river that flows northwesterly 
 
 across the plain of Troy, the 
 Scamander, 2, 245. 
 
 zephjrrus, -T, m. (Zi<f)vpos), west die, belt ; region^ zone, i^ 46, 2, 
 
 wind, zephyr, i, 64, 108. 131. 
 
 zona, -ae, f. i^^d)vr{), woman^s gir- 
 
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