ndbt Si I i v A HANDBOOK IfK \JTvJJ TO MODERN GREEK BY EDGAR VINCENT COLDSTBEAai GUABD8 T. G. DICKSON WITH A PREFACE BY PROFESSOR J. S. BLACK IE Bonbon MACMILLAX AXD CO. 1879 [All rights reserved] LiBRAK* OXFORD: Printed by E. Pickard Hall, M.A., and J. H. Stacy, PRINTERS TO THE UNIVERSITY. /r< '. v^K INTRODUCTORY. THIS book has been written, not to prove a theory, but to supply the want of a practical work on Modern Greek. In its present condition, Modern Greek is of the greatest interest to the classical student and the philologist, but hitherto it has (in England at least) been strangely neg- lected. By many it is believed that a corrupt patois of Turkish and Italian is now spoken in Greece ; and few, even among professed scholars, are aware how small the difference is between the Greek of the New Testament and the Greek of a contemporary Athenian newspaper. The changes in the language during the last 1800 years are certainly less important than those which took place in English between the times of Chaucer and of Shakespeare. For further treatment of this subject we may refer our readers to the Preface, which has been kindly contributed by Professor Blackie. To a traveller in the Levant a knowledge of Modern Greek is of the greatest advantage, as it enables him to dispense with the services of an interpreter. Throughout iv Introductory. the East the principal merchants are Greeks, and in Pera, the only quarter of Constantinople where Europeans reside, Modern Greek is more useful than Turkish. Another circumstance which renders the language inter- esting is that every year it is becoming more pure and classical : Turkish and Italian words are eliminated ; old grammatical forms, which have been lost for centuries, are again brought into common use; while vulgarisms and foreign constructions are discarded. This change is not confined, as might be supposed, to the literary classes. Education is widely diffused in Greece, and the grammar which is taught in the National Primary Schools (8r)p.oTiKa o-xoXeia) differs but^ittle from the "Parry" which is taught at Eton, while the young Greek is too proud of his knowledge to use any but the most classical phraseology he is acquainted with. The following are the special features of this work : The Exercises are composed of sentences constantly used in ordinary conversation. The English and Greek of the Exercises are given side by side for the convenience of those who wish to gain a rapid conversational knowledge. In the Dialogues (Part II) an endeavour has been made to give reliable information about Greece and the Greeks, in addition to teaching the requisite phrases. The subjects Introductory. v mentioned include travelling in the interior, its probable expense, Greek customs, the pay of dragomen and inter- preters, the best way of visiting the antiquities, a Greek lesson, etc. Some letters have been added to serve as models, compris- ing invitations, applications to have letters forwarded, orders for rooms, a form of enquiry of the Minister of the Interior respecting brigands, etc. Part III contains examples of the Greek of successive periods from B.C. 85O-A.D. 1821. Passages have been taken from 1. Homer B.C. 850. 2. Herodotus ...... 450. 3. Xenophon . 395. 4. Plutarch A.D. 100. 5. Theophanes and Malalas . . 75- 6. Anna Comnena noo. 7. Belthandros and Chrysantza . 1370. 8. Fragment ...... 1453- 9. Scuphos . . . . . 1 68 1. 10. Klephtic Ballad . . . . ,,1750. 11. Koraes ...... 1803. 12. Tricoupis ...... 1821. Translations in Modern Greek are given with the passages from Homer, Herodotus, Xenophon, and Plutarch, to exhibit the changes which 3000 years have wrought in the language. vi Introductory, Part IV contains selections from the best contemporary Greek writers, both of the literary language and of the ver- nacular. Two translations have been also given the first, of Othello's speech, ' Most potent, grave, and reverend signiors/ the second, of a scene from the Frenc'h comedy ' Rabagas,' by V. Sardou. In Part V (Vocabulary) the words are divided into groups according to subjects, to facilitate learning by heart, but each group is arranged alphabetically to render this part of the work suitable for reference. The authors desire to offer their sincere thanks to Mr. J. Gennadius, Mr. George A. Macmillan, Mr. J. D. Mitzakis, and Mr. T. N. Marino for valuable assistance and advice. In a work of this kind, it is impossible to avoid some inaccuracies and imperfections; in view of future editions the authors will therefore be most grateful for any hints or suggestions, which may help to render the book more useful or more complete. List of Authorities. vii LIST OF AUTHORITIES". The Modern Greek Language, in its relation to Ancient Greek, by E. M. Geldart, B.A. (Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1870.) Grammaire Abregee du Grec Actuel, par A. R. Rangabe. Practical and Easy Method of learning the Modern Greek Language, by Dr. Ang. Vlachos. An Elementary Greek Grammar, by Edward St. John Parry, M.A. i} TT/S 'E\\r]viKtjs FXaxro^s, VTTO F. FewaSi'ov. ri rfjs Neas 'EXXj/WKT/j FXaxro-T/r, wro F. Ttpaxr]. Hora3 Hellenicae, by John Stuart Blackie, F.R.S.E., etc., etc. Grammatik der Griechischen Vulgarsprache, by Pi-ofessor Mullach. Modern Greek Grammar, by T, Sophocles. History of the Greek Language, by D. Mavrophredes. (Smyrna, 1871.) Romaic Greek, by Professor Clyde. The Pronunciation of the Greek Language, by Constantinus Oekonomos. (St. Petersburg, 1829.) Compendium der Vergleichenden Grammatik, by Professor Schleicher. Introduction to Greek and Latin Etymology, by John Peile, M.A. PREFACE. IT has always appeared to me a great mistake, and one of which our British Hellenists have good reason to be ashamed, that Greek in this country is always talked about as if it were a dead language, and Modern Greek, if mentioned at all, thrown aside as a paiois, an acquaintance with which would rather hinder than advance the student in his mastery of the great classical tongue. This notion is both philo- logically false and practically pernicious. Modern Greek is not a patois, a mongrel, hybrid, or degraded dialect in any legitimate sense of the word : it is the same language in which St. Paul delivered his discourse to the Athenians from the hill of Mars in the first century, with only such slight variations as the course of time naturally brings with it in the case of all spoken languages which have enjoyed an unbroken continuity of cultivated usage. No doubt there do exist in Greece, and always have existed, certain local perversions of the cultivated speech, which may in a loose sense be called patois ; just as we have a peculiar local type of English in Dorsetshire, another in Lancashire, and that on which the genius of Burns has impressed a classical type, Preface. ix onimonly called Scotch. This may be called a patois, in the same sense that the Greek of Pindar might be so called, or the Italian of Milan or Venice, not otherwise. But upon this low stratum of purely popular Greek, we have the Greek of the pulpit, the Greek of the newspapers, and the Greek of a living literature increasing every day in variety and in sig- nificance. To call this a patois is to shew an ignorance either of the facts, or of the use of language altogether inexcusable ; and to throw such a phase of the Greek speech as is now written and spoken in Greece by all educated men, altogether out of view in the study of that famous tongue, can proceed only from a certain limitation of range and narrowness of sympathy, sometimes observed in per- sons whose curious familiarity with dead books renders them averse from the society of living men. The more natural, obvious, and healthy view of the matter is this, that a language which has come down to us in an uninter- rupted stream of vitality, from the time of Homer to the present hour nearly 3000 years and is still spoken ex- tensively not only in Greece proper, but in various parts of the Mediterranean, by confessedly the most acute, the best educated, and the most progressive people in those parts, has a legitimate claim to be treated and studied as a living language, and not to be stretched out, as dead bodies are on an anatomical table, for the purposes of the grammatical x Preface. dissector. Such a method of studying Greek would not only be a clear gain to the scholar, by placing under his eye the whole process of growth exhibited in the history of the lan- guage, otherwise artificially cm-tailed by an arbitrary limit called the classical period : but it would bring the student of the Christian scriptures directly into the current from which the writers of the sacred volume, and the fathers of the Church drew their peculiar phraseology ; for that Modern Greek is in some of its main features identical with apostolic and ecclesiastical Greek, is a proposition from which no accu- rate scholar will allow himself to dissent. But further : to practical men as Englishmen and Scotsmen are fond by way of eminence of being esteemed it must be a consideration of the greatest weight that all spoken languages are learned, by hearing and speaking, in a much shorter space of time than dead languages by the usual scholastic method ; German, for instance, which to Englishmen is a somewhat difficult language, is for every practical purpose of understanding and being understood, acquired perfectly by a young per- son of ordinary talent, conversing daily with native Ger- mans in six months or less; and there is no reason in the nature of things why Greek should not be acquired the same way; and even without going to Greece, there are well-educated Greeks in London, Liverpool, and not a few other places, from whom Greek could be learned as a living Preface. xi language, with as much facility, and with as much effect as German, Italian, or French. Nor is there the slightest danger that the pi-actical hold thus got of the language of Homer and Plato and St. Paul, as a living organ of expres- sion, will act as a hindrance to the scientific study of the language : on the contrary, the familiarity with the language, which spoken use most readily and most abundantly gives, will present more ample and more various materials on which the generalizing faculty of the philosophical gram- marian may operate. The present little book is conceived upon a plan which I have always recommended as the only natural and rational plan, not less in the acquisition of dead languages properly so called than in the more obvious sphere of spoken tongues. The principle of this plan is that the ear and the tongue should be exercised largely from the beginning, and not merely the memory and the understanding. This implies that no rules should be learned which are not immediately put in practice, and that it is wiser to educe the rule from familiar materials than to inculcate the rule and leave the materials to be painfully searched for as an after business. Of the prac- tical utility of such a little book in the present state of easy and frequent intercourse between people and people there can be no doubt ; and it gives me pleasure to think that the authors of a volume supplying such an obvious xii Preface. desideratum in our elementary Greek discipline should have considered my name worthy of being associated with theirs in a work of such manifest utility. Possibly I may yet live to see the time when not only young men in the public service of the country frequenting various parts of the Mediterranean will, as a matter of course, speak Greek as readily as French, but when even the professional in- culcators of scholastic Greek in our great schools and universities will relax somewhat of the rigidity of their method, and institute practical exercises in colloquial Greek, as a most beneficial adjunct to the severity of their strictly philological drill. 1 JOHN STUART BLACKIE. COLLEGE, EDINBURGH, September 25, 1879. 1 As these prefatory remarks are necessarily short, I have to refer those who may wish to see the proof of my views in detail to the three papers on the subject of Modern Greek, Greek Accent, and Romaic Literature in my Horae Hellenicae, London, Macmillan and Co., 1874. CONTENTS. PART I. PAGE Grammar .... i PART IT. Dialogues 121 Letters 164 PART III. Passages from Ancient Greek Authors, with translations in Modern Greek . . . . . . . .177 PART IV. Selections from Contemporary Greek Writers . . .213 PART V. Vocabulary 247 APPENDIX. The Written Character 270 PAKT I. Introductory. SECT. PAGE I. The Alphabet I 2. Pronunciation of the Vowels .... 2 3- Pronunciation of the Diphthongs 2 4- Pronunciation of the Consonants 3 5- Observations on Pronunciation of Modern Greek . 5 6. Accentuation ....... . 6 7- The Acute Accent ...... 7 8. The Grave Accent ...... . 8 9- The Circumflex Accent ..... . 8 10. Special Rules for Accentuation .... . 8 ii. 12. Enclitics ........ 9 13- Breathings ........ . 10 14. Stops . ii 15- The Article . ii Substantives. 16. Remarks on Declension of Nouns . ii 17. * 18. First Declension . . . . . 13 19. Remarks on First Declension .... 15 20. Second Declension ...... 17 21. Diminutives in -tov- ...... . 18 22. Contracted Nouns of Second Declension . 19 23- Third Declension ...... . 22 2 4 . TJncontracted Nouns of Third Declension . . 22 25- Remarks on TJncontracted Nouns 2 5 26. Third Declension. Contracted .... . 26 27- Third Declension. Irregular .... 3 28. Third Declension. Remarks on Contracted Nouns 3 1 2 9 . Supplementary Declension ..... 3i 30. Terminations instead of Prepositions . 32 31- Patronymics 33 Contents of Part I. xv Adjectives and Numerals. SECT. PAGE 32. Adjectives of Three Terminations 35 33- Adjectives of Two Terminations .... 37 34- Adjectives of One Termination . . . 37 35- Irregular Adjectives .... 38 36. Remarks on Declension of Adjectives . . 39 37- Comparison of Adjectives ..... 39 38. Comparison with irXtov, /xaAAoj' .... . 40 39- Irregular Comparison . 40 4 o. Adverbs formed from Adjectives .... 41 41. Numerals ........ 44 42. Numeral Adverbs ...... . 46 43- Proportional Numbers ..... 47 44- Abstract Numbers ...... 47 45- Fractional Numbers ...... 47 46. Dates, Seasons, Feasts, Holidays, etc. . . 48 Pronouns. 47- Pronouns 5 48. Personal ...... 5i 49- ,, Reflexive ...... 5i 50. Reciprocal ...... 52 51- Possessive ...... 52 2. 5 A. 53- ,, Demonstrative ..... 54 54- Relative 54 55- Indefinite 55 Verbs. 56. Verbs ......... . 60 C7. 60 *} 58. The Augment ....... . 61 KQ 62 oy- 60. Auxiliary Verbs ....... . 62 61. . ........ . 86 74- Neuter Verbs ....... . 90 75- Verbs in -pi . 90 76. Impersonal Verbs ...... . 90 77- Irregular ........ 92 Prepositions. 7 8. Prepositions. Classification of . . IOO 79- Prepositions governing Genitive .... . 101 80. Dative .... . 102 81. Accusative . IO2 82. Gen. and Ace. . 102 83- Gen. Dat. and Ace. . I0 4 84. Remarks on Prepositions . I0 5 Adverbs. 85- Adverbs ........ . 107 86. followed by Genitive . 107 87. ofTime . 108 88. ofPlace ...... . 109 89. Miscellaneous Adverbs . 109 90. Conjunctions ....... . no 91. Interjections ...... . Ill Syntax. 92. Peculiarities of Modern Greek Syntax . 112 93- Observations on the Article .... . 112 94. Cases III 95- ,, ,, Adjective I'3 96. Numerals . II 4 97- Pronouns . II 4 98. Verb .... . 116 99. Prosody . 120 r - " '* eu MODEKN GEEEK 1. THE GBEEK ALPHABET. The Greek Alphabet is composed of 24 letters, of which 7 are vowels and 17 consonants. Character. A a B ft r y A 8 E Z fcl H *] e 6, ^ i i K K A X M p- N V g 1 O n 7T, IT p P 2 i2 fJLfyct Omegha. For the written character, see p. 269. 2 Modern Greek. Besides these letters there originally existed the following, viz. : (1) F, Vau, or as it is called from its shape, Dighamma. (2) lj, ?, Koppa. Latin Q. Used as symbol for 90. (3) ~^> Sampi, used as symbol for 900. (4) r', Stigma, originally a form of Vau : in MSS. = or. Symbol for 6. 2. VOWELS. Letter. Name. Pronunciation. a alpha a, in father ; fj rpdnffa, the table ; TO oY/zo'- TrXoioi/, the steamer. e Spsilon e, in let, met ; eVen-a, afterwards ; eVr/jeTTf , ought, Imperfect of npfirfi. ij eta e, in the ; 6 /ca^/y^s, the professor, i eota same as eta, e in the ; j Kpivis, the crisis, judgment ; mva>, I drink. omicron o 1 ; f) 86t-a, glory; TO 5n\ov, the gun. v epsilon e in the ; tn/^Xdy, high. w omegha o in hope 1 ; KaXwj, well. 3. DIPHTHONGS. ai e, in met ; TrfTraiSeu/iiei/oj, educated ; 6 irais, the boy. av af, but before /3, y, 8, ^, X, /*, v, p and all vowels, soft, like v ; auQevriicos, authentic ; 77 avyrj, the dawn. ^ e, in the ; TO tl8os, the kind. fv ef, but subject to same exceptions as au; pleasant; fvyevfjs, polite, noble, rju ef, but subject to same exceptions, as av ; increased ; rjvpa, 2 Aor., I found. 01 e, in the ; dvo'iyu, I open ; KOIVOS, common, ou oo, in too ; ovros, this ; ovSeis, nobody. vi e, in the ; 6 vio'?, the son. 1 Very little difference is made in conversation between omicron and omegha. Consonants. Remarks. 1 . "When the latter of two vowels composing a diphthong is surmounted by a Diairesis (") the two vowels composing it are pronounced separately, Kai^eVe, poor fellow ; TO KOMI, the caique. 2. The vowels 77, i, v, and the diphthongs , 01, vi, have all the same sound in Modern Greek, that of e, in me or the. 3. In Diphthongs both accent and breathing stand over the second vowel, except when the first vowel is in large character. 4. CONSONANTS. Letter. Name. Pronunciation. veta. v; 6 /3/oy, life; avaftziw, I ascend. y ghamma a sound between g and h ; TO yaka, milk. Before e, r/, i, v, it has a sound like y in yes, or the German j in jeder, (yiyas, giant, is pronounced yeghas) : yy and yn like ng, nasal, 6 ayyeXos, the angel. 8 dhelta soft voiced th, as in the, then ; 6\'o>, I give ; TO 8ev8poi>, the tree. f zeta z, in zebra ; CJJTW, may he live, hurrah. 6 theta breathed th, as in thin and death ; fj 0ia, the root ; ptVra), I throw. hard hissing s ; o-eoord? , correct : hefore j3, y, 8, \i, as soft s ; TO ao-pa, the song. t ; TOT?, then ; but preceded by v, it is pro- nounced as d ; the Germans e^-a. At the beginning of a word like the Florentine c, but soft before t, i], v 6 xpos, the dance ; 17 x i< *>"} the snow. ps ; TO \^o)/it, the bread ; 17 fyts, the appearance. Division of the Consonants. Smooth. Middle. Aspirate. (with p sound TT $ Mutes-j k K y x ( t T 8 6. Semi-vowels. X fj, V p (T. Aspirated Consonants. X are considered as the aspirated forms of T, TT, K ; when one of the latter is followed by an aspirated vowel it takes its aspirated form. In the vernacular when two slender con- sonants meet in the same word, the former is aspirated. Pronunciation. 5 Double Consonants. kse, is composed of K, or y, or x, and a-. f zeta, o- and 8. ty pse, 3, or TT, or <, and a-. The following combinations of consonants are used, in words of foreign origin, to represent the sound of letters which the Greek Alphabet does not contain. P.TT stands for the sound b ; as, 6 nndpp.7ras = barbas, the uncle ; 6 Mmi'ipav, Byron ; 6 MTroVo-ap^y, Botzaris. I>T represents d ; as, TO vriftavi = deevanee, the divan. 5. PRONUNCIATION. In addition to the above rules for the pronunciation of each letter, the following hints may be found useful. 1. The closest attention must be given to the accentuation, as the syllable on which the accent falls is pronounced with a stress, and is further prolonged to the exclusion of any difference, in duration, between long and short vowels. For example, avdpuTros is pronounced ui>6p (omegha) is pronounced short, like o (omicron). 2. In many words of two or three syllables, the accented syllable alone is pronounced distinctly. The Greeks clip their words at the beginning as well as at the end. 3. The hard breathing is written but never pronounced. All initial vowels and diphthongs are pronounced with a soft breathing. 6 Modern Greek. 4. Particular attention must be paid to the y (ghamma) and to the x (he), which is an entirely different sound from K (kappa). 5. When two vowels are linked together by the ' Syni/e- sis,' they are pronounced as one syllable. Ex. TO. x a P r t2, the papers. 6. ACCENTUATION. 1. The following rules on Accentuation are such as apply to all classes of words. To add all the special rules affecting each particular class (substantives, pronouns, verbs, &c.) before the words themselves are known, would only cause confusion ; they will be given with the words which they affect. 2. The accentuation in Modern Greek is the same as in Ancient. 3. The accent can never be thrown further back than the antepenultimate. 4. There are three kinds of accent : (a) Acute ('), o|fia, as in tpiropos, merchant; TroXinjs, citizen; icpirrjs, judge ; which can be placed on any of the last three syllables. (b) Grave ( x ), /3apela, as in pa0r)Tf)s, pupil ; which can onlj r be placed on the last syllable. (c) Circumflex (~ ), Ktpwrnaiievri, as in TI/IOJ, I honour ; a-copa, body ; which can be placed on the last syllable or the penultimate. 5. No difference is made in pronunciation between the Acute, the Grave, and the Circumflex. The Acute Accent. 7 7. THE ACUTE ACCENT. 1. The Acute Accent can be placed on the last syllable when the word is called oxytone ; on the penultimate when the word is called paroxytone ; on the antepenultimate when the word is called proparoxytone. 2. Words not oxytone or circumflex, with the last syllable long, are accented on the penult; as, /SAa/Sr/, like English carpet. 3. Words not oxytone or circumflex, having the last syllable short, are accented on the antepenult ; as, ayyeAoj, like English agony. 4. When the last syllable is long and the accent falls on the penult, it must be acute. 5. The accent can only be on the antepenult when the last syllable is short ; as, avdpuiros : in the genitive (avBpamav) the last syllable is long, and the accent is brought forward to the penult. 1 At the end of a word the diphthongs ot, at, are considered short, except in adverbs. 2 6. Words only take an acute accent on the final syllable, when they are followed by a stop or an enclitic ; ris, who, interrogative, forms an exception to this rule, and takes an acute accent on the first syllable throughout. 7. When an oxytone word occurs in the middle of a sentence, the acute accent is changed into a grave : as, 17 reAerq tjpxia-ev, the service has begun, but rjpxurev TJ TfXenj. Note the difference of accent on reAerj; in the two sentences. 8. It. is conjectured that the Greeks formerly raised their voices at the end of a clause with completed sense. 1 This may not be a scientific analysis of the process, but it is the clearest way of stating the result. 2 There is no Optative. 8 Modern Greek. 8. THE GRAVE ACCENT. i. The grave accent can only stand on the last syllable. It is placed upon oxytone words when they occur in the middle of a clause or sentence. Ex. f) KaXri ypanfinriKT). The good grammar. The grammar is good. 9. THE CIKCUMFLEX ACCENT. 1. The circumflex accent can only be placed on the last syllable, and if the last is short, on the penult : in the former case the word is called perispomen, in the latter properi- spomen. 2. TO pijXov, the apple, becomes in the genitive rov /ijjXov ; the accent being changed from circumflex to acute, because the last syllable is long. 3. It can never be placed on a short vowel. 4. If, when the penult is long and {he last syllable short, the accent falls on the former, it must be circumflex ; as, TO 1O. SPECIAL RULES FOE ACCENTUATION. The following rules (Parry) may assist the student in de- termining the position of the accent : (a) Oxytones are Verbal substantives in pf], pos, rrjp, rpls, rpos ; as, TTOITJT^S, creta-pos. Substantives in evs; as, ftacriXevs, linrevs. Adjectives in TO?, IKOS, p,6s, po?, rjs, vs ; as, prjropiKos, (froftfpos, tvpevris, f)8vs. (b) Paroxytones are Substantives in t'a, Verbals in Te'os ; as, Sow/^acria, \vreos. Diminutives (of three syllables) in iov, and in I'O-KOS, tXo?, ; as, veavlffKos, Traiftiov. Adverbs in anctr, ina, 8qv ; as UVTIKO, o-vXXi7(3Sjyi', 7roXXai> ; TLS, nvos, rives, iroTe. 3. At the beginning of a sentence, they keep their accent. 4. "When the preceding word is accented on the last sylla- ble, the accent of the enclitic is absorbed. TroTf fjiov. Never in my life. 6 Ka\6s p.ov Trarfjp. My good father. 5. When the preceding word is paroxytone, a dissyllable enclitic keeps its accent, while the accent of a monosyllable is absorbed. at TTpa^et? crov. Your actions. Trpdfis rives. Some actions. 6. When the preceding word is proparoxytone or pro- perispomen, the accent of the enclitic is thrown on to the last syllable of the preceding word, and becomes acute. Ex. TO fj.d6t]fjui fiov. My lesson. TO crS)fj.d p.ov. My body. 7. If several enclitics follow one another, each throws its accent back on to the preceding one. Ex. 86s fj.oi TO. Give it me. io Modern Greek. 13. BREATHINGS. 1. There are two breathings, (a) the hard breathing or aspirate (') (b) the soft breathing (') -v/^tXiy. 2. Every vowel and diphthong at the beginning of a word is written with a hard or soft breathing. 3. In Modern Greek the hard breathing does not affect the pronunciation. 1 4. v (epsilon) and p (rho), at the beginning of a word, are always written with the hard breathing. When two ps meet in one word, the former is written with a soft, the latter with a hard breathing. 5. p (rho) is the only consonant which is written with a breathing. 6. To determine which breathing should be written, a good plan is to place a preposition, such as a^o or Kara before the word. The ear will tell whether u and naff or an and HUT are right. In the former case the vowel takes the hard breathing, in the latter the soft. For example. eKaoroy, Kara tKaaTTjv, Kad' eKa'ar^i/, every day. erepos, dnb erepov, a(^>' ere'pov, Oil the other hand. evavrla, uno fvavrias, fivr' (vavrias, on the contrary. EOTA SUBSCRIPT. The Eota Subscript is not pronounced. It indicates that the vowel, under which it is placed, was formerly followed by an eota. 1 Cf. Peile, p. 425. ' Different as was the origin of h in the two lan- guages .(Greek and Latin), it is quite certain that the letter was rapidly vanishing in each of them, at the classical period of their literature, or even earlier.' Declension of Nouns. 1 1 The most ordinary cases in which it is written are the 2nd and 3rd pers. sing, of the subjunctive (ra \vys, ra \VD), and the dative singular of substantives and adjectives. 14. STOPS. 1. A full stop, Tf\fia o-Tiyfj.fi (.), has the same force as in English. 2. The ava> reXe/a or fifcrr) cmyfj.fi () takes the place of our colon and semi-colon. 3. The comma (wnHrrty/^) and note of exclamation (eTn- tyuvTjuaTiKov) are the same as in English. 4. A semi-colon (;) has the force of our point of inter- rogation (f 15. THE AETICLE. The definite article, o, fj, TO, the, is declined as follows : Singular. M. F. N. Nom. o i] TO Gen. TOU TTJs TOV Dat. T

\ov. Plural, Nom. Voc. Ace. gv\a. 5. The lower classes drop v (Ne) at the end of a word, except before a vowel or K, TT, T. For example, they say, 8ia TO 6t6, for God's sake, instead of fita TOV 6e6v ; fls TT) 6W- x'ia, in misfortune, for els rtjv 8vv and first declension in as, 779. 5. Feminine are the occupations of women, the names of towns, trees, islands, and countries ; terminations in ia and first declension in a, 77. 6. Neuter are the letters of the alphabet, most diminutives, and verbal substantives ; the second declension in ov^ and the third declension in ^ta, t, v. 1 This classification is adopted by the Greeks. First Declension. 18. FIRST DECLENSION. The First Declension contains Masculine nouns in as and TJS. Feminine nouns in a and q. i. 'o radius, the cashier. Singular. Nom. 6 rapla Gren. rov Tapio Dat. T<3 TO/ilCt Ace. TQV Voc. 2) Like ra/i/as are 6 veavias, the young man. Plural. 01 TO) I/ ToTs roiis ra/j.ais rafuat. I 6 (co^Xias, the shell. 2. 'O TroXtVqs, the citizen. Singular. Nom. 6 Gen. TOW Dat. raj Ace. TOV iroXiTijv Plural, ot TroXTrat TU>V TToXlTWI' rolf TroXirats 1 TOVS TroXt'raf & TToXirat. Like 7roXtY?;s are 6 vavTrjs, the sailor, o iroiT]Tr)t, the poet. the tobacconist. , the prefect. 3. 'H yXSo-o-a, the tongue or language. Singular. Nom. 17 yXw Gen. TT;S -yXcocrcrr;? Dat. r^ yXwo-CTT; Acc. nji/ yXwcrcraj/ Yoc. & Plural. ai yXwtrcrat TU>V y\ TlfJ.rjV VoC. oi Tt/it)/ Like TIM are ^ ^001/17, the voice. 17 tiperij, the virtue. r), the soul. the honour or price. Plural. al TifJLal ras Tifias rets Ttfias 17 pvrjw, the memory. 17 Ko^r), the hair. 17 eopTf), the fete, holiday. 5. 'H apa, the hour. Singular. Nom. 77 wpa Gen. T^J upas Dat. 777 wpa Ace. rfjv &pav Voc. w wpa Like /jat Toil' wpco:/ rals a>pau a>pat. the wisdom. ia, the agreement, the heart. And all feminines in a preceded by p or a vowel. First Declension. 15 6. C O 'ETrafjifivaiv&us, Epaminondas. Singular. Plural. 6 y E7rap.eiva>i>8as Gen. TOV t EnctfjLfivcL>i'8a Dat. ru> Acc. ruv Voc. a> Like 'ETrami'wi'Say are ot T>I> ros TOVS 6 Ilu&ryo'pny, Pythagoras. 6 Aeamftas, Leonidas. 6 'Avavias, Ananias. 19. REMARKS ON THE FIEST DECLENSION. 1. Masculine nouns in TTJS, Trrjs, apx 7 ]*) l J - fr P T lf, TrwX^y, U>VTJS, s, Xarpr;y, and the names of nationalities as Ilepo-T/s form the vocative in a short. Ex. HfpdTjs, the Persian, Voc. Uepa-a the prefect, vo/jiap^a s, the bookseller, /3t/3Xto7rcoXa. 2. In the vernacular all Feminine Substantives of this declension, in a, form the Genitive in as. In writing, this is only done when the final a of the nominative is preceded by p or a vowel. 3. The Genitive Plural of all words of the first declension has a Circumflex Accent on the last syllable. Ex. T&V KOTrvoTTtoXwi/, of the tobacconists. The only exceptions are feminine adjectives, of which the masculine ends in or. Ex. 6 ayios, fj ayt'a, Gen. Plur. TU>V ayiav. 4. All parisyllabic oxytones take a circumflex in the Genitive and Dative, and an acute in the other cases. 5. The Dative Plural originally ended in -ato-i in the first declension and -oto-i in the second. These forms are found in poetry. 1 6 Modern Greek. 6. The vulgar form of the Accusative Plural raly d|ats for TO? 86gus is Aeolic and an acknowledged archaism. It was originally Tavs 86gavs. The v has been lost, and the vowel consequently modified. Vocabulary. he cheated, rjiraTrjo-e (a was, TJTO (ef/xcu). he accused, eKanjyop/jcre yopat). they do, Kapvovv IS, flvai (ei/wu). they asked, ff)Tr)o-av between us, /ierav p it has been dissolved (broken), he became, eyeive (yivo^ai). he has not spoken, 8ev a>/- \r)o~f (o/jiiXci)). for the last hour, jrpo fiias &pas. Exercise. FIRST DECLENSION. HPQTH KAI2I2. The cashier has cheated the 'O ra/xt'as ^TrarT/o-e TOV TTOX/TT/J/. citizen. The language of Ananias was *H y\>o-o-a TOV 'Avavla T\TO false. ^/ev8fjs. Silence more often arises 'H O-IUTTT) irpoep^fTai o-vx^^Ttpa from stupidity than from eVc TTJS (SXaxeias t) C'K TTJS o-o- wisdom. v8a I The sailors asked the way to Ot vavrai e$ TT l ' av Tov 8p6p.ov the tobacconist's. els TOV Second Declension. The bank is closed on fete- 'H Tpan-efa efyai /cXeto-rij TUS days. copras. The sea is a good Subject for 'H daXaa-a-a dvai KaXbv dvTi- a poet. KflfJLfVOV dta TOV TTOl^TIJV. The agreement between us 'H o-vp-favia /zera|u pas 8). i. 'O avdpunos, the man. Singular. Nom. 6 avdpaaros Gen. rov dv0pa>TTov Dat. TO) dv0pu>ir

7TOis TOVS dvdpanrovs s, the lead. 6 Xaor, the people. 6 Tonos, the country. 6 S)fjLos, the shoulder. i8 Modern Greek. Singular. 2. 'H 656s, the road. Nom. fj Gen. T?]S Dat. TJ7 ACC. TT]V Voc. 686? 68oG 68c3 TOLS Tas Plural. 6 Sol 68S>v 68ols 68ovs 6801. Like 686? are f] vfja-os, the island. rj voaos, the disease. TJ pfdo8os, the method. 17 Xt'^/3os, the boat. 17 Xioff, Chios (Scio). 17 Sa/xor, Samos. 3. To p68ov, the rose. Singular. Nom. TO p68ov Gen. TOU p68ov Dat. TO) poooa Ace. TO p68ov Voc. & p68ov Like poSov are r6 irrrjvov, the bird. TO irpoo-ayjrov, the face or front. TO /3tl3\iov, the book. TO ovetpov, the dream. TO \fgiic6v, the lexicon or dic- tionary. Plural. ra T>V TOIS TCI pdSa. TO vfpov, the water. TO [ifTuXXov, the metal. TO oTrXov, the gun. TO poSaxtvov, the peach. TO (TVKOV, the fig. 21. 1. To the Second Declension belong Diminutives in iov, as TO ^a>[jiiov, the bread. 2. In the vernacular the final syllable ov is dropped, and the Nominative Singular ends in i, oxytone. The other cases are formed from the original form iov. Second Declension. 3. These words have no diminutive force in ordinary use. 1 4. To x a P T h the paper. Singular. Nom. TO Gen. roC Dat. not used Ace. TO x a P T * 1 Voc. w x a P Like XPT! are ro tyafjLi, the bread. TO Kpao-i, the wine. TO OUT/, the ear. TO jeXetS/, the key. TO ytaXi, the glass. TO TrovXi, the bird. TO fjLori, the eye. Plural. \apTia TO. T>V x a p Tl ^ ) not used TCI TO Kf(j)d\i, the head. TO oo-r< OCTTOVV Like oo-Toi5' are &nr\ovv, the double. TO OCTTa TOJV OOTO)!' TOtS OOToIs TO. OCTTQ w oo~Ta. ro Kvavovv, the blue. Vocabulary. honoured, he has, ex t (^X 01 )- he died, a-ntdavtv (a.Trodvr)pa TOV vtov ZTOVS flvat eV Useless. ytvfi axprjo-ra. The ship is small ; you will To TT\O?OV tlvai piKpov' 8fv 6a not enjoy the passage. evxapio-Tr)0r)Tf tls TO Tagfi8tov. Go up that street. 'Ava^iJTf TTJV 686v TOVTTJV. You must go straight up the D/jeVet va dvafirJTf KOT evOflav hill. rbv \6(pov (va TTOTC "aia tirdvco fls TO ftovvo). Bring me the keys. $/pe p.oi TO. /cXetSt'a. Are there any birds about 'YTrdp^ovan f8> Trepi -mr^vd ; here 1 The current of the stream is 'O povs TOV -rroTapov ftvai vo\v very strong. SP^TIKOS. The departure of the boat C O aTroVXoDf TOU TrXo/ou fftpd8wf was 'delayed. (*lpyw f }' He has a superior mind. " E X fl CKTOKTOV vovv. The crafty man met with his , |, p, v, the contest. Singular. Plural. Noin. 6 dywf eu dyaives Gen. TOV tiycoi/os TU>V ay(i)vu)v Dat. ro> dycovi TO'IS dycocri Acc. TOV dyfova TOVS dywvas Voc. a> dyobc Like dyuiv are 6 aicoi/, the age or century, o Tloo-eidav, Neptune, o dvdiov, the flower-garden. 2. C Singular. Nom. 6 yepcav Gen. TOV ytpovTos Dat. TW ye/aoi/Ti Acc. TOV ytpoirra Voc. 2> yepoi> Like ytpwv are 6 Xewy, the Hon. | 6 SpaKWf, the dragon. 6 Ka>8wi>, the bell. 6 Treptorepewj/, the pigeon- house. the old man. Plural, ot yepovTfs Tols yepovai TOVS ytpovTas 3> yfpovTts. Simple Nouns. 3. C O pf]T(op, the orator. Singular. Gen. TOV prfropos Dat. Tp are 3, the agent. Plural. ot prjTOpes TOtS p1}TOpa, the stream. Plural. Toiy (f)v\ai Tons (pvXaKas 6 (ivdpa, the coal. 17 o-apl, the flesh. 5. 'H e\TTis, the hope. Singular. Nom. fj Gen. TTJS Dat. TJ) f\iri8i Ace. TTJV f\TTida Voc. a) eXnls Like e'Xms are 17 $>povris, the care. 57 TTaTpis, the native land. cu TQDV Tals TO.S Plural. eXjriSes fXirUri TJ cravls, the plank, the board. Modern Greek. 6. 'H a>pai6rr)s, the beauty. Singular. Gen. TTJS Dat, rr, Ace. TJ)I> Voc. & Like o>pai6rr)s are T) KocrfjuoTijs, modesty. TI rearms, youth. r] Xa/iTrpoYj/s, brightness s, barbarity. 2, 7. To paiOTTjTf.S. , goodness. , childhood. , firmness. Plural. TCDl' TOIS TCt 2 TO p^/xa, the verb. TO alVty/za, the enigma (puzzle). It is unnecessary to give the full declension of the follow- ing words, as when the Genitive is known, all other cases can easily be formed. o K\rjTr)p, the policeman, r) vv, the night, 6 rpiirovs, the tripod, 6 vpwr, the hero, ,, TOV fjpccos. r) 'EXXaf, Greece, rfjs 'EXXaSor. Gen. TOW K\r}Tijpos. ,, TJ}? VVKTOS. TOU TiiroSos. Uncontracted Nouns of the Third Declension. 25 r) SaXa/n's, Salamis, Gen. rf/s 2aXfi/ui/or. 6 yeirwv, the neighbour, ,, TOV yfiroi/o?. 6 Xi/iTji', the harbour, ,, TOV Xf^cvor. 6 yiyas, the giant, ,, TOV yiyavros. >7 XaiXa^, the tempest, ,, ri;? XaiXnTTOj. r) x<*P ls > the grace (favour), ,, rrjs ^dpiroy, Ace. TTJV x < *p tv - 25. REMARKS ON UNCONTEACTED NOUNS OF THE THIRD DECLENSION. 1. The common language changes the termination of the Nominative in this Declension. Thus, with Masculine words the Accusative Plural is used for the Nominative Singular, and the Singular declined after the modern Supplementary Declension. The Plural is regular. 1 With Feminine words the Accusative Singular is used for the Nominative. The other cases are regular. 2. The Stem of Substantives of the Third Declension may generally be found by cutting off the termination -os from the Genitive. Ex. XeW, a lion ; Gen. Xe'oir-oy, Stem, \(OVT. yiyas, a giant ; Gen. yiyavr-os, Stem, yiyavr. 3. The accent remains on the same syllable in all cases, if the quantity of the last syllable allows it. In the Genitive Plural the final syllable is long, so that the accent cannot be further back than the penult. Ex. Trpaypa, Gen. Trpuyfioros-. Gen. Plur. Trpayp.dTwv. 4. Monosyllables, which increase in the Genitive, arc- accented on the last syllable, with a circumflex if it is long, and with an acute if it is short. 1 In many words of this class the Nominative only is irregular ; as, '> ftpovras, TOV ytpovros, K,T.\. 2.6 Modern Greek. 5. Nouns in a>v, if accented on the last syllable, retain the long vowel in the Genitive. Ex. 6 dywv, the contest, Gen. ToC dywvos. But if not accented on the last syllable, the u is changed to o. Ex. 6 dai/icw, the demon, TUV Saipoms. 6. Neuter nouns of this declension in i and v keep the termination pure in the oblique cases, but those in a in- tercalate a T. Ex. TO acrrv, the city, ToC aore-os. TO crco/ia, the body, TOV p,a-T-os. 7. The 8, T, and v sounds are discarded before an., in the Dative Plural. Ex. Dat. Sing. Xa/i7rat, Dat. Plur. X 8. v (Ne) is added to the Dative Plural for euphony when- ever the following word begins with a vowel. 1 9. The Accusative Singular of all Masculine and Feminine Nouns originally ended in -v. This was pronounced after Consonant Stems by inserting a ; as, Ae'oi/r-a-i/. In the Plural this termination was -vs; as, \eovr-a-vs. 26. CONTRACTED NOUNS OF THE THIRD DECLENSION. Several nouns of the third declension are called contracted because in one or more cases the final vowel of the root and the vowel of the termination are contracted into one syllable. They may be divided into three classes. 1 Cf. Quintilian xii. 10. 31. ' Graeci n literam jucundam et in bine pns- cipue quasi tinnientem ponunt.' Contracted Nouns of the Tliird Declension. 27 First Class. Masc. in TJS ) Fern, in a>, coy / Neut. in or, es Gen. ovs. -, Gen. i. 'O dXq&jr, the true man. Singular. Plural. Noill. 6 Gen. roO (a\7j^os) d\r)6ovs Dat. Tw (dXij&'t) d Acc. rov 01 rS>i> TOLS TOVS n\t]deis Like d\r]6r)s are declined all proper names ending in ytfTjy, Kparrjs, ffl&is, Trfjdrjs, a-ffevrjs, K\er]s and all adjectives which form the masculine and feminine in rjs, as 6 ' Apio-To(pui>r]s, Aristophanes. 6 AtoytVjyy, Diogenes. y, Hippocrates. . s, Archimedes. s, Demosthenes. 6 fvrv^s, the happy man. ^y, the false man. fis, the temperate man. 2. 'H *) the echo. Singular. Nom. 17 ^o> Gen. rijs Dat. TV Acc. rrjv Voc. w ^o! Like ^w are declined Trei^w, the persuasion. Plural. TttlS ras J, ^ atficos, the modesty. 28 Modern Greek. 3. To fdvos, the nation. Singular. Nom. TO eQvos Gen. TOV (edveos) edvovs Dat. T(5 (eflve'i) tOvfi Ace. TO fdvos Voc. 3> fdvos Plural. Ta T(OV ToTs TO. (fdvea) Like f^i/oy are declined all neuter nouns in os, as TO Tf t^oy, the wall (of a city). TO ^fiXos the lip. TO ytvos, the race. TO Trddos, the suffering or passion. And neuter adjectives in es, as tvrtXtt,, mean. s, happy. Second Class. Masc. in us ) n / ux \ Gen. e (accent antepenult). Fern, in is ) Neut. in v, i Gen. eos. the ambassador. Plural. TO)V ToTs 7rpeo~/3eo"t I. 1 O Trpeo Singular. Nom. 6 TTpea-fivs Gen. TOV TrpcVjSews Dat. TO) 7rpe(T/3ei Acc. Tot' Ttpecrftvv Voc. > 7T/)e(Tj3u Like 7r/36o-/3us are s, the cubit or forearm. | 6 7reXe*cus, the axe. 2. 'H TrdXts, the town. Singular. Nom. 17 Tro'Xty Gen. T^S Dat. rfj (TroXet) Trd ACC. T^V TToAtZJ Voc. & TroXf Acnt Tr Plural. roXf Contracted Nouns of the Third Declension. 29 Like TrdAtr are Trpagis, the act or practice. 17 irlaris, the faith. 17 vppts, the insult. 17 Kii>r] aarei Ace. TO aoru Voc. S> aarv Like aarv are TO aivdm, the mustard. Plural. \ In \ 1 TO (aarea) ao TU3V aarfUV Tois a lepev Like fepevj are vs, the horseman. vs, the king. 6 -yoi/evy, the parent. 2. 'O Singular. Nom. 6 lx&vs Gen. TOV Ixdvos Dat. T&> i\^vi' Ace. TOV Ix&vv VOC. ^ tv^v Plural. ol (tepe'es) lepels TCOV lepecov roif tepevo"t TOVS (If peas) lepels & (tepees) tepety. 6 Iletpaievs, Pirseus. 6 Kovpevs, the barber. the fish. Plural. TWV TOtf Modern Greek. Like IxQvs are 6 /ivs, the mouse. 17 ofppvs, the eye-brow. fj 8pvs, the oak. 27. There are several irregular nouns in common use The following are the principal. Nom. Gen. the man, the father, the mother, the daughter, the milk, the knee, the well, Jupiter, the woman, the hair, the witness, the spear, the ox, the ship, the water, rip, 17 P.TITTJP, 17 dvyaTrjp, &c., are called syncopated noun,s, because in the Genitive and Dative Singular and Dative Plural the -e is dropped by syncope. They all make the Dative Plural in -do-i. 'Aor^p, a star, makes Dative Plural aa-Tpao-i, but is not syncopated in other cases. The syncopated cases of nouns take an acute accent on the syllable after the stem if it is short ; a circumflex if long. The other cases are accented regularly. 6 avjp, 6 Trarfjp, 17 p-rjTrjp, 17 6vya.TT]p, TO ya\a, TO yovv, TO (ppeap, 6 Zevs, T] yvvr), 17 5pi'|, 6 fjLaprvs, TO 86pv, 6 ftovs, 77 ^avr, TO vSw TOV avpt. rov Trarpds. TT)S fjujrpos. rrjs 6vyarpos. TOV yaXa/cro?. TOU yovarns. TOV (ppeaTos. TOV Ato'y. rJJs ' rr/s roO TO roO T^S TOO Contracted Nouns of the Third Declension. JT 28. REMARKS ON CONTRACTED NOUNS OF THE THIRD DECLENSION. % First Class. Feminities form the plural like the Second Declension. All words of this Class have a circumflex on the last syllable in the Genitive Plural. The Second Class forms an exception to the general rules- on accents. Those words which are not accented on the last syllable in the Nominative are accented on the antepenulti- mate in the Genitive, although the ultimate is long. Third Class. Substantives in rus form the Accusative in ea, and are oxytone in the Nominative. Some Neuters in v are declined like Neuters in t of the Second Declension. 29. SUPPLEMENTARY DECLENSION. This Declension is only used in the spoken language : it is composed of nouns which increase in the Plural but not in the oblique cases of the Singular. I. 'O TTOTTTray, the priest. Singular. Plural. Nom. 6 Trmmas Gen. ro'j ira-mra Dat. not used Ace. TOV Tramrav v OC. i> Dat. not used not used Ace. TTfV fj,a'ip.ovv TO.S fta'ip.ov8as Like p.aip.ov is f) oXfjroi! (a\u>Trrj^ } the fox. 30. TERMINATIONS USED INSTEAD OF PREPOSITIONS. Certain particles are added to the termination of Substan- tives and have the force of Prepositions. They are : 1. -61, denoting rest in a place, as oinoQi, at home. 2. -6tv, denoting motion from, as oiKodev, from home. 3. -o-f and -8). that I may put, va 6tru> (6e-ru>, mod. form of T'I&IJIII). she gave, eda>Kfv (8i8a>, mod. form of Si' did he complain 1 he felt pain, rom, fia-Gavtm TTOVOV (TTCJ/CO, aiaffdvopai). 34 Modern Greek. Exercise. THIRD AND SUPPLEMENTARY DECLENSIONS. The policeman was the hero 'O KKrjrrjp r/ro 6 rjpus TOV dy&>- of the contest. vos. The beauty of night in Greece 'H wpaioY^f TTJS WKTOS lv 'EXXdSt is remarkable. tivai a^ioo-T/^eiWos. A Greek has always hope for 'O "EXX^ e'^ei TrdvroTf eXTrt'Sa his Country. fita TI)I> TrarpiSa TOV. Burke was an orator of the C O Bovput rjro p^mp rtjs TrapeX- last century. 6ovpr]s eKarovrafTrjpidos. The act was honourable and 'H trpagis TJTO evrip.os KO.I yev- brave. vata. Did you see the fine oak on EtSere rfjv ttpaiav 8pvv eVl TOU the mountain ? opovs ; You forgot to Order the 'EX^cr^idi/^cres va irapayyelXrjs ra COal. Kapfiovva (avdpaKas). The herald announced their 'O Kfjpvg di^yyeiXe TTJV irpovey- approach to the guard. yia-iv TU>V els TOV (pv\aKa. The wall (of the city) is not To rei^os 1 8V elvat. xaXa KTI- well built. (Tfj.fvov. He was caught in the act. ^vve\f](p6ij ev rfj TTpd^ei (eV av- Not a word escaped his lips. Ovdcpla \eis Siefpvyev e*e T>V Xfi\a>v TOV. They have great faith in that "EXOW TTO\\T)V ireiroidtjmv els remedy. TTJV Qepairelav TavTTjv. The master has asked for two C O otKoSeo-Trdr?;? f^rrjo-e 8vo CUpS of coffee. KCXpeSef. 1 The wall of a city is TO rti^os, 3rd decl. : the wall of a house o fxos, 2nd decl. Adjectives, 35 The shoemaker wastes his 'O u7roS^/xaro77ot6r (TranovTo-rjs) time in reading country ^ai/et TOV naipov TOV avayivaxr- newspapers. KM ras eVap^taKas e0r;/nepiSas. He complained of a pain in riapen-omro on TO y6w TOV his knee. firovei. 32. ADJECTIVES. 1 . Adjectives may be divided into three classes : (a) of three terminations, one for Masculine, one for Feminine, one for Neuter. (b) of two terminations, one for Masculine and Femi- nine, another for Neuter. (c) of one termination for all genders. 2. The Adjective agrees Avith its Substantive in Number, Gender, and Case. 3. Adjectives are declined according to one of the fore- going Declensions. A. Adjectives with three terminations are declined after the subjoined types. Nona. Gen. /caXof, -77, -6v, -ov, -fjs, -ov } good. S, -a, -oi>, -ov, -ay, -ov, just. ovs, -77, -ovv, -ov, -rjs, -ov, golden. apyvpovs, -a, -ovv, -ov, -as, -ov, silvery. ovs, -fia, -v, -e'oy, -das, -f'os, sharp. \aptfis, -fO~p /caX-cii' Dat. KoX-oi? xaX-alf KaX-ot? Acc. KaX-ovs icaX-as KaX-a. Singular. M. F. N. IVnrn '' o^*~ 'f Gen. o^e-os o^ei'-ay o^e'-os Dat. o|e'-T, o^et oei'-a o^e-t, o^ Acc. o^ii-v o|ei-av o^ii Voc. o^v-s o^et-a ov. Plural. N. V. o^e-es, oely o^ei-at o^e-a Gen. 6e-a>v 6fi->v 6f-a>v Dat '^ ' m ' ' ic '^e-o-i Acc. ozs, o^elf o^ei'-as o^ea. Adjectives. 37 B. 33. ADJECTIVES WITH Two TERMINATIONS. To this class belong nearly all Adjectives compounded of two words, such as l^aiperos (e -atpw), excellent, Fern. eai- pfTOs, Neut. faipfTov ', enifj.ovos, eW/iOi/oj, fnipovov (erri -pfvoi), persevering; all adjectives in 775 (for declension see 26), as dXrjdrjs, dXrjdrjs, d\r)0s, true; and a few in os, as fidpflapos, ?, ftdpftapov, barbarous ; fja-vxos, rjavxos, TJO-VXOV, quiet ; ?, *ct'/357jXor, Ki'/SS^Xoi/, false, sham ; ox^eXt/xov, useful ; aKo\ov6os, aKoXovdos, di(6\ov6ov, following. i. 'EgaipeTos, excellent. Masculine and Feminine. Singular. Plural. M. F. N. M. r. N. Nom. f^aiperos e^aiperov Gen. faipfTov f^aiptTov 13at. faipfTCi> f^aiperta f^aiperois f^aiperois \ >>/ )t/ t * u Acc. tgaiptTov f^aiperov eatpeTovs tgaipfra Voc. taipfTf ft-alpfTov c. 34. Adjectives with one termination for the Masculine and Feminine without a Neuter are few in number. They are declined after the Third Declension. 6 KOI f] apnag, usurper ; Gen. TOV Kai TTJS apirayos. 6 Kai fj /3Aa, stupid ' } Gen. TOV KU\ TTJS /3\aKoy. 6 Kai fj (pvyds, fugitive ; Gen. TOV Kai TTJS Of Nom. TroXXoi', 3- llpaos, meek. Singular. F. N. Trpaeta rrpaov Trpacias irpdov Trpafia Trpdw TTpafiav Trpaov irpaela Trpaov. Comparison of Adjectives, 39 Plural. Nom. Trpaot (Trpaetr) irpaflat irpaea Gen. 7rpda>i/ (TTpafcav) TrpafiS>v Trpdcw (jrpaecov) Dat. npdcHS (TrpaeVt) Trpaeiais irpdois Acc. irpdovs (npaf'is) Trpaeias Trpaea rrpaoi (jrpaels} irpaelai Trpaea. 36. BEHAEKS ON THE ADJECTIVES. 1. Adjectives in oj of three terminations form the Feminine in T), unless the termination is preceded by p or a vowel when the Feminine ends in a. 2. The a of a Feminine termination is long, if the Mascu- line ends in or. Therefore if the accent in the Masculine is on the Antepenult, it is brought forward in the Feminine to the Penult, as eXevdtpos, \evdepa, free. agios, dgia, worthy. 3. The Feminine is the same as the Masculine in (a) Adjectives ending in -rjs, -u>p, -av, but not in Par- ticiples. (6) Adjectives compounded of two or more words, as eg-vKvos, sharp ; d-8id-6fTos, indisposed. 4. Adjectives in -TOS, -KOS, -pos, -pos, -TJS, -vs, are oxytone, as os, (poftepos. 37. COMPARISON OB ADJECTIVES. I. Adjectives in oy, 77, oi>, os, a, ov, form the Comparative by changing the terminations to orepos, orepa, orepov, if the 4O Modern Greek. preceding syllable is long ; or wrtpos , a>Ttpa, urepov, if the pre- ceding syllable is short ; and the Superlative by changing the terminations to oraros, orarr], orarov, if the preceding syllable is long; or eararos, wran;, (ararov, if the preceding syllable is short : Ex. BLKOIOS, just, dutaiorepos, diKaioraros ; ffofpos, wise, (ppov- 38. The Comparative is also formed by adding or paXXov (more), before the Positive : Ex. aVt^os, dishonour- able, comp. irXeov artfios, more dishonourable ; evxapicrros, pleasant, comp. TrXeop tvxdpurTos, more pleasant ; and the Superlative by placing the definite article before the Com- parative, as raxvs, swift, comp. raxyrtpos, superl. 6 raxvTfpos, the swiftest ; nripos, dishonourable, comp, ir\eov art/ioy, superl. 6 TrAe'oi/ art/ios, the most dishonourable. Remark. This form of the Superlative, viz. the Compara- tive with the definite article, is the one usually employed in the vernacular. 39. The following Adjectives form the Comparative or Superlative irregularly. Examples : Adverbs. 41 POS. COMP. SUPERL. KaXo'y, good, KdXXlWpO?, KaXXicrros, and upicrroj. KOKOS, bad, Xfipdrepoy, KaKto-roy, and xeipKrros. t*f'yas, large, fjifyaXeirfpos, p-eytoroy. TroXvy, much, ^ ir\(ioTfpos ^ TrXelcrroy. V dv6pu>TTd)v, the wise man is the happiest of mankind ; but napd, or an-6 with the Accusative, is more generally used in conversation : Ex. elvai TrXeov ev^tzptorof fls raj 'A.6rjvas Trapa fls TOV Ueipata, it is more pleasant at Athens than at the Pireeus ; fia-de v^ijXo'rtpos OTTO TOV 6fl6v vas, you are taller than your uncle. 40. ADVERBS FORMED FROM ADJECTIVES. 1 Some Adverbs of Manner and of Kind are formed from the Genitive Plural of Adjectives by changing a>v to as. Ex. Gen. Plural. Adverb. ?, simple, air\>v air\S>s. , prudent, vaxppovcov a-ox^povcos. The Comparative of this class of Adverbs is the same as the Neuter Singular of the Comparative Adjective ; and the Superlative as the Neuter Plural of the Superlative. 1 For other Adverbs, see 85. 42 Modern Greek. In the spoken language the Neuter Plural is also used for the Comparative. Ex. aa(pS>s, clearly, Comp. a-acpfa-Tepov or cra(pe'orepa, Superl. Vocabulary. blue, p.al3vs (KVOVOVS). the railway, 6 cn8r)p68pop.os. the company, 17 eraipla. per cent. TO?? enarov. per annum, KUT eror. was published, f8rjp.oa-ifi>0j] indisposed, abtd disposed, 8(TCO). the Piraeus, 6 witty, ev(pvr]s, 7TVfVfj,aTd>8rjs. customary, a-vvfi0r]s. cross, 6v/j,fjivos. Exercise. ADJECTIVES. What a big ship that is ! Ti ptyaXo (TTO'O-OI/ p.*ya) irXolov fLVUL ! The fruit is small this year. At onapai (TO oVwpiKa) fivai fj.iKpa.1 ffperos (TO eroy TOUTO). A short time ago. lipo d\tyov Kaipov. What bad weather we are Ti aa^rjuov Kaipov e'^o/nei'. having. It is simpler SO. EiVat aTrXovorfpov trcri (ovrcas). He was very ill. 'HT-O iro\v da-devrjs. She was indisposed. 'HTO dSidderos. I am not disposed to do it. Aev flp.ai 8iaTf0tip.evos va TO Time is the best counsellor. '0 XP VOS f * vai KaXKlrepos Most of them came late. Ol Trepia-a-OTfpoi rjXdov dpyd. Athens has 70,000 inhabi- Ai 'Adijvai f^ow e/ tants. 8us KOTOIKOIV. Adjectives. 43 The Piraeus has 24,OOO in- 'O Ilf ipaifi/s e^e < f "KOUI Tfcrcrapas habitants. ^tXtaSay KOTO'IKM. It was bought for three francs. 'Hyopda-drj Sta Tpia (ppdyKa. What a thin skin this orange Ti TJsiXfj <^Xoi}Sa (Xe-rrrov (pXoiov) has. That young man is stupid. He is rather witty than wise. It is not usual for her to be so cross. They are worthy people, but very simple. The railway company from Athens to the Piragus pays 1 2 per cent, per annum. e^ei TO noproKa\\cov TOVTO. veos OVTOS flvai p.a>p6s. fj.a\\ov fv$>VT]S r) crowds. Aev rfj elvai crvvrjdfs va rjvai roaov dXXa The monthly balance-sheet was published yesterday. 7TO\V OTrXot. *H fraipla rov an 'A.6r]v5>v els Heipata cri8ripo8p6fj.ov TrXrjpovet 8o)8e/ca rots etcarbv xar' f'ros. 'O p,T]viaios tcroXoytcr/nos e'S^/xo- / ' > nine hundred evvfaKoaiocrros nine hundredth T,OOO a X/Xta one thousand YIAIOCTTO? one thousandth 2,000 j3 8vo ^tXtdSfs two thousand OlCTVlAlOOTOS two thousandth IO,OOO / Se/ca ^tXtdSes ten thousand Se/caKio-xiXtoo- ten thousandth TOS 50,000 % TTfVTTjKOVTa fifty thousand "ZTrT" fifty thousandth 100,000 jp fKarbv ^iXia- a hundred tKarovrdKis #- a hundred thou- 8es thousand XlOOTOf sandth I,COO,OOO fv fKarop.p.11- a million fKa.TOfj.p.vpiocr- a millionth piov TOS 2,000,000 8vo eWo,^- two millions SiaeKaTOfjifj.vpi- two millionth. pia OVTOS In Greek the letters of the alphabet are used as figures. The letters a-6 stand for the units, 1-9. i-v tens, 10-90. p-oi hundreds, 100-900. 46 Modern Greek'. els, rpels, rea-a-apes, one, three, four, are declined as follows : Nom. els pia Gen. evbs /iias Dat. ei/i jua Ace. era filav rpfLS, rpia rpicov rpicrl rpels, rpia. Tecrcrapfs, recrcrapa Tfcrcrpwv recrcrapcri Tfcrcrapa. -at, -a- ^iXtot, -ai, -a, etc., are declined like the plural of an adjective of three terminations ; ai Kepas Kal fjui The debate lasted two hours and a half. ava Svo or 8vo-Svo, two by two or by twos. ava Tfo-crapes, by fours. ava (Is, one by one. Kemarks. Per Cent, is expressed by the Dative ; as Five per cent, per annum, irevTf TOIS exaroi/ /car' ero?. The railway pays 8 per cent., 6 (n8rjp68po/j.os TrXypovei OKTW TOIJ 46. DATES. To express a date the cardinal numbers are used, those that are declinable being put in the neuter, as In 1879, r TO %!Xia oKTaKoa-ia e/SSo^Kovra cWea. A longer form is also em- ployed as Kara TO ^tXioo-Tov oKTaKO&ioa-Tov e^o^Koarov fvvaTov fTOS. SEASONS. The four seasons of the year, at TeWnpes &pai TOU erovs. Spring, f} avoigts, TO tap. I Autumn, TO Summer, TO KaXoxalpt, TO Bfpos. \ Winter, 6 THE MONTHS. January, 'lavovdpios. February, 4>6/3povaptos. March, April, ' May, Mai'os. June, 'lovvios. July, 'lov August, Av September, October, 'O November, December, Dates. 49 THE DAYS or THE WEEK. Sunday, Monday, Aevrepa. Tuesday, "Wednesday, Thursday, Friday, UapacriavT]. Saturday, Sd/S/Saroi' HOLIDAYS. Christmas, TO Xpurrovytwa. New Year's Day, ^ fTovs, TO veov eras. Carnival, al airo Lent, f] Good Friday, 9 MeydXq Ilapa- 0~KVT). Easter, TO ndo-^a, 17 Aa/i7rpd. The Holy Trinity, 17 d-y/a Tptds. St. George's Day, (17 ^e'/ TOV ayiov Fewpyt'ov. Vocabulary. the full moon, ^ traweXrjvos, the bathing, TO in full leaf, eVreXws T)vdio-^va. of the Protestants, TOW Aia- on the thirteenth, TIJP Exercise. Tuesday is a day which the 'H TpiVr? elvai ^p.pa, T^ oiroiav Greeks regard as unlucky. ol "EXX^i/e? deapova-tv ws dn-o- (ppd8a. Last Wednesday we went to Tr/v irape\6o\iV djrd/cpeo) flvai fw^pat, fav the day is fine. rj rjp.fpa Tfvai wpaui. E 50 Modern Greek. In Greece January is generally C O 'lavovdpios eV 'EXXdSt tlvai bright and fine. (rvi'rjScas Xa/i7rp6y *ai wpalof. The trees are in full leaf by Ta 6/Spa tlvai fVreX&is rivOurpfva the middle of March. Kara TO. p.eVa TOV Mapriou. The Greek Easter is April To 'EXX^i/iKoi/ ndo-^a (Aap.7rpa) 113 this year. TO eras TOVTO elvai TTJV 113 Everybody in Athens spends ndi/res eV 'A^i/ais 8idyovo-t May-day in the country. Trpwr^i/ Maiov els T^V e| June, July, and August are 'o 'louj/ior, 6 'loOXioj Kal 6 Av- intensely hot. -youo-i-os etVat , I. Singular. Plural. (fl.OV~-fJ.OV (flOlfJ,O\ (fiffjf or ffteva ificav \ rjfj.1v > pas . f]fJ.as ) Second Person o~u, tbou or you. Singular. av or ( or Third Person avros, Singular. . avros, ar], avro Gen. avroC TOV, avTovTov Dat. aura, avrfj, avrtp ACC. aVTOVTOV, aVTt]VTT)Vj aVTOTO , avTo, he, she, it. Plural. avrai, aiira avrois, avTcus, avros avrdsTas, avrd TO.. 49. 2. The Reflexive Pronoun. The reflexive pronoun is declined as follows 'Eyw (av avrbs ) 6 2 52 Modern Greek. Singular. Plural. T>V favT&v /xay (era?, TCOJ>) (rots eavrols) Gen. TOV eavTot! (J.OV (GTOV, TOV) Dat. (TO> eauTw) Acc. TOV eavTov pov (o-ov, TOV) Ex. He went himself, vntj-ycv 6 ?Stos. I hit myself on the arm, eVrvTn/o-a TOV eauToV pov fls TOV vs pas (e TOVS eavTovs as eras 50. 3. The Reciprocal Pronoun. aXXi?Xa>i/, one another. Plural. Gen. aXX^Xwf Dat. dXX^Xois aw ois Acc. aXXjjXovs as, aXXjjXa. ADJECTIVE PRONOUNS. 51. 4. Possessive Pronouns. The Possessive Pronouns are formed by the Genitive (abbreviated form) of the Personal Pronouns, placed after the noun, and, if emphasis is to be expressed, by the addition of ISiKos, loiKT), ISiKov, which answers to the English ' own.' Ex. My horse, TO SXoyov pov. Whose horse did you ride 1 TWOS aXoyov imre My own, TO l8iKov p.ov. How did you pay for it ? n&>? eVX^pwo-aTe 8C I paid for it with my own money, eVXjjpwo-a p.ov xjjr)iJLaTa. My garden, 6 KTJTTOS pov, or, 6 IOIKOS /xou Our house, ^ OIKI'O pas, or, r/ l8iKfj p.as oiKta. Pronouns. 53 Thy book, TO fiijSkiov crou, or, TO I8i*6v a-ov /3t/3Xtov. Your liat, 6 TrtXdr o-ay, or, 6 IdiKos v, or, at t'SiKat TWI/ tSeat. In writing, the Ancient Greek forms, epos, a-6s, rjne vptTfpos are sometimes used. Remark. The article is used with Demonstrative and Possessive Pronouns, as This good young man, avrbs 6 KO\OS Vfos. Their possessions, TO K-n^ard -rav. 52. 5. Interrogative Pronouns. Two Interrogative Pronouns are used in Modern Greek, (a) Tt'y, TI, who, what (lit.). (6) Trotof, Trot'a, TTOIO^, who, what (common). Nom. (a) Ti'y, T/ is declined as follows : Singular. Tlf. Tl Gen. TtVos Dat. TtVt Ace. TWO. Tl Plural. Tiva Tivas, Tiva. (6) nolos, Trota, irolov is declined regularly. Ex. Who is it ? Tt'y, or, Trotos elvai It is I, eyw flftai. Whose book is this ? TWOS tlvai TO j3t/3Xt'ov TOVTO ; Who knocks 1 zroiof KTVITO. ; Come in, etcreX&Te (eprrpos). Wait, irepi[j.fveT(. Trderoy, TTO'O-T;, TroVov, how much, is declined regularly. Modern Greek. 53. 6. Demonstrative Pronouns. There are two Demonstrative Pronouns, OVTOS, av-nj, TOVTO, this, and fKflvos, y, ov, that. i. OVTOS is declined as follows : Singular. Plural. Nom. OVTOS, avTr], TOVTO Gen. TOVTOV, TaVTTJS, TOVTOV Dat. TOVTCO, TOVTr], TOVTCp ',. TOVTOV, TdVTTJV, TOVTO OVTOI, avTm, TCIVTCI TOVTUV TOVTOIS, TCIVTCILS, TOVTOIS TOVTOVS, TaVTUS, TaVTCl. 2. 'EKflvos is declined regularly. 54. 7. Relative Pronouns. There are two Relative, just as there are two Interroga- tive Pronouns, one used in literary style, the other in common language : (a) OQ-TIS, fJTis, O,TI, who, which (lit.). (6) oTToToy, oTroia, onolov, who, which (common). Singular. Nom. OCTTIS, TJTIS, O,Tl Gen. OVTIVOS, rjo~Tivos, OVTIVOS Dat. (OTIVl, f]TlVl ) (OTLVl Ace. ovrtva, rjvriva, O,TI a. Plural. , ctiTives, ariva ocrrtcrt, aortcrt, ocrrtut ovo'Ttvas, ao~Tivas, aTiva. Singular. Nom. oTrotoj, onoia, onotov (jren. onoiov, onoias, OTTOIOV Dat. OTTOIW, OTTOt'a, OTTOtW Acc. ono'iov, onoiav. onoiov Plural. oTTOtot, onoiat) onola onoiatv s, OTTOLOIS OTTOIOVS, onoias, onola, Pronouns. 55 The ancient Relative, or, f}, 5, is used rarely even in writing. The people use oVou and TTOU for all cases of the Relative Pronoun. Ex. The child that cries, TO nai8l TTOU xXaiet. I received the book you sent me, eXa/3a TO /3tj3Xioi/ TTOU /n' eoreiXes. 2. "Oa-Tis, fjris, 8, TI ( ) c , , , , < ojiTTore V whosoever, whatsoever, Oiroios, orroia, OTTOIOV ( J are declined regularly as above. Ex. Whoever does it will be punished, oo-no-orjiroTe or 6770100-- S^TTOTe TO Kajivei 0a>vri Plural. ToioOrot, TQiavrai, roiavra TOIOVTM Toiovroty, TOIO.VTOIS, TOIOVTOIS A. TOIOVTOV, TOiavTrjv, TOLOVTO(V) TOIOVTOVS, rotavras, TOtaCra. The common form is T/roior, reVota, TCTOIOV, declined regu- larly. Ex. It is impossible to work with such tools, etvai dSui va epyaa-dr) TIS fie roiavra or reVota epyaXeta. 8. *O iSios, a, ov, ) iStoj, a, ov, ) avrds, T), 6, } the same. Ex. He died the same day, antGavt TTJV loiav or Tr/v Come at the same hour to-morrow, l\6e rfv Idlav or TTJV avrrjv >pav avpiov. I went myself, vrrrjya 6 "idios. 9. TtVore, anything or nothing. Ex. Have you bought anything 1 ? 'Hyopaaas Tiirore or /cart Tt; Nothing, TiTrore. , 10. Kaw'?, Kap.fMta, Kavlv, nobody supplies the place of Pronouns. 57 ov8(p.la, ovSeV, in the common language. It is declined as fol- lows : Singular. Norn. Kaveis, Ka/i/ii'a, Kavev Gen. Kavevos, Kaupias, Kavevos Acc. Kaveva, Kafjifj.iav, Kavev, Ex. Is any one there 1 dvai TIS eKel ; There is nobody. Sev dvai Kaveis. 1 1 . Kadeis, Ka@ffj.la, Kadev, each, every, is the common form of (Kaaros, ?;, ov. It is declined like Kaveis. Ex. Every one did as he wished, 6 Kadfls (eicaoTos) e*a^ef onus TJdtXf. He told it to each one, TO flnev els rbv KaOeva. 12. O 8flva. n 8f"iva, TO Seii/a. ) , ' , , , > such a one. O TaSe, 17 TaSe, TO TQJbe. ) 'O TaSe and 6 oVwj are not declined. Ex. Give it to Mr. (name forgotten), Ad? TO els rbv Kv Vocabulary. pleased (fem. ), rjv^api(rrr)fjifvr} lend (Imp.), ddveiaov they belong, dvrjKovcn I leave, aiva>. they are wrong, f^ovcrtv Exercise. I have a horse of my own. "EX^ a\oyov IBiKov //ov. It is my turn to play. Eivai f/ creipd fj.ov va Trai^u. Lend me this. Aai/eio-oV /not TOUTO. A friend of mine gave it me. Mot TO eSa/cev els rS>v 'ATTO TTOIOV &p6/j,ov 6a i"i KaTTOLOS (ItpTJVf TO (p6pffj.d TOV. 0a TO Ka/ico Trpoj X a P iv cra ^- AeV 6a TO eVparTov 81' aXXoi' Tivd. Xpetd^opai Kai TCI 8vo (dp(pdrepa). Tlr/yaivu exit Ka6 fKacrTrjv. Ady p.oi ocrov 8vvao-ai Trepicrcrd- Ttpov. Eyfi Tocra ocra vp.fif. TL KufjLTrocra TraiSt'a. Ti ex (Tf '> TiVore, OuSeVoTe fl 60 Modern Greek. VERBS. 56. THE VERB. 1. The Modern Greek Verb has two Voices, the Active and the Passive. There is no Middle Voice ; its place is supplied by the Passive, which is used with a Middle Sense. The only relic of the Middle is the Aor. Imp. Pass., \va-ov for Xvdijri (see under Aorisfc). 2. The Verb Finite has four Moods : the Indicative, the Subjunctive, the Conditional, the Imperative. 3. The Verb Infinite comprises the Infinitive and the Participles. 4. There are seven Tenses : the Present, Imperfect, First Future, Second Future, Aorist (ist or 2nd), Perfect, and Pluperfect. 57. The Verbs can be divided into two classes : (a) Uncontracted or Paroxytone Verbs. (6) Contracted or Circumflex Verbs. (a) Uncontracted or Paroxytone Verbs take the accent on the penult in the first person Singular Present Indicative Active (Xa/i/Savo), efyuWw), and throw the accent back as far as the quantity of the last syllable will allow, throughout the Cdnjugation (Xa/n/Sai/ouo-t, f^apfiavov). There are four exceptions to this rule, viz. : the Subjunctive, Infinitive, and Participle of the Aorist Passive, and the Perfect Participle Passive : Ex. w \vd>, \vd^vai or Xvdrj, \v6fts, AeAv/ueW. (b) In the Present, Contracted Verbs take the accent on the contracted syllable, except the second Singular Imperative. It is circumflex, if in the Uncontracted form the accent was on the first of the contracted vowels, if not, it is acute. Ex. take r) instead of e. (6) The Temporal (so called because it increases the length of the first syllable, but does not, like the Syllabic, increase the number of syllables) is employed with words commencing with a vowel or diphthong, as Present. Imperfect. Aorist. apx<-&, I begin, f>PX l v , nPX l(ra - 3. The rules respecting the change of vowel or diphthong are as follows : Present. Imperfect. a changes to 77, aXXdo-o-w, I change, rj\\ao-, I increase, rjv^avov. fv T)v, tvKaipS), I have time, a), 6/LuAo>, I speak, 01 6), OlKTflpG), I pity, i, v, become ?, v. ov, et, and the long vowels do not change. 1 The Augment was originally a word consisting of the letter a-. It is surmised that it was an Instrumental ' case of a Demonstrative Pronoun and meant ' there.' At first a separate word, it by degrees coalesced with the Verb. 62 Modern Greek. 4. Verbs compounded of Nouns take the Augment at the beginning ; as, olKo8op.>, I build a house, (pKo86p.ow. 5. Verbs compounded with Prepositions take the Augment between the Preposition and the Verb ; as, Trepi^e'i/w, I await, TTfpiffj.evov ; but in the vernacular the Augment is often placed before the Preposition ; as, iftptfttmv. 6. Verbs of more than two syllables, or beginning with a vowel do not in the vernacular take an Augment. 59. THE REDUPLICATION. 1. In Modern Greek the Reduplication is only found in the Perfect Participle Passive. (See 69.) 2. The Reduplication is used in Verbs beginning with a single consonant, or with a mute followed by a liquid ; as, XW, yfypafifievos. 3. Verbs beginning with a double consonant, a vowel, or p-, take the Augment instead of the Reduplication. 4. Verbs beginning with an aspirated consonant take the corresponding hard consonant in the Reduplication. 5. Verbs compounded with Prepositions take the Redupli- cation after the Preposition : in the spoken language these Verbs do not take a Reduplication. 60. AUXILIAEY VEBBS. 1. There are three Auxiliary Verbs in Modern Greek, viz., e^w, I have ; ct/uu, I am ; $e'Ao>, I wish or will. 2. All the tenses are given below, but the Present and Imperfect only are used in the Conjugation of other Verbs. Verbs. 3. "E X a> is used in the Perfect and Pluperfect ; t Ipai in the Perfect Passive ; 6fXa> in the Second Forms of the First and Second Futures. They are conjugated as follows : 61. "EXW, I have. ACTIVE VOICE. Indicative Mood. Present Tense. Sing, evo) Plur. Sing. tl x ov (fl x a) (I X (S Sing. 6a 6 a 6a Imperfect. Plur. f'i X o/j.(v First Future. Plur. 6a 6a or Sing. e X fi Plur. f X fl The Verb e X a> is defective : e\af3ov is used as the Aorist, and #, I take or receive. Subjunctive Mood. Present. Sing. va e X a> Plur, va f X cofjifV va e X r)Tf va e X ). 64 Sin. 0a i Modern Greek. Conditional Mood. Present and Imperfect. Plur. 6a or Sing. fj8e\ov ?x fj6f\fs ex 61 Plur. f)df\Tf fjdf\ov Sing. Imperative Mood. Plur. As as exoxri (?x VI; )' Infinitive Mood. , usually written e Participle Present. Sinular. M. Norn. , etc. (See Xv. M. Singular. F. Xa/SoDcra (See Xvco.) Verbs. Sing. epcu Sin. ^(7O (rjaavv) TITO Sing. 6a 6a 6a r\vai 62. Etfiai, I am. Indicative Mood. Present. Plur. Imperfect. Plur. First Future. Plur. fivai or five. / \ Tjvav (r/rav). 6a 60. r Or 6(\co fla-dai, etc. The verb e'/itat is defective. The aorist and second future are taken from inrapxo>, I am or exist, and yivofiai, I become. Ex. o, or tyeiva, I have been. lvM, I shall be or become. 1 The Third Person Singular and Plural can be written either ilvai or five. The oldest form of this word is tvri, which appears in the Doric dialect for both numbers. In classical Greek it is written tvi (Demosthenes), in such phrases as OVK tvi, evict for karlv 01. It is not unlikely (says Mr. Geldart) that it was the vulgar word in regular use for evrl or etm, though known to literature only in such short phrases as the above. In the Acts of the Council of Constantinople (536 A.D.) we find (vi used simply for lor/, ' T/s eVt JXearopios ; ' In Ptochopro- dromus, the first Romaic writer, we get tvt, and soon afterwards the present form eivai or (ivt. It is to be remarked that ef/*cu presents the appearance of a verb in the Middle Voice. 66 Modern Greek. Sing. Subjunctive Mood. Present. Plur. va va va ijvai or fjve va r)crf va rival OF rjvf. Sing. 6a 6a rjcro 6a rjro Conditional Mood. Present and Imperfect. Plur. 0a a f]v (oirai) Fern. ovva Neut. 5v, etc. Verbs. Sins:. 63. e'Xw, I wish or will ACTIVE VOICE. Indicative Mood. Present. Plur. Imperfect. Sing. rjOfXov (rjdeXa) Sing. 6a 6() Plur. 1)65 r)0e) TJdf\OV First Future. Plur. 6a 6e. a 6e\rjs Sing. Tj6e, Sing. 6a dfXrjcru 6 a deXrn 6a 6a 6& 6a 6fXu>(Ti (da dtXovv). Aorist. Plur. ndfXric Second Future. Plur. ^a 6(\r)a-(0fjiei> Sin. va 6e\a> va va 6e\g Subjunctive Mood. Present. Plur. va 6f) va va 6fX va $6X17077? va Aorist. Plur. va 6e\r](T(Ofjiev Conditional Mood. Present and Imperfect. Sing. Go. fjde\ov 6a Ba Sin. Plur. 6a T) 6a T) 6a ijQf\ov. Imperative Mood. Present. Plur. as 6e\ai Ol a b *3 b C^ srj 1 - g - b ^ b ^ < ^ V S o. 3 3 .rj -^ iCq papaogjd 'raiiy .2 .2 *S o 03 ~ S3 rTTjTl o O ill x b ^b * ,< -a x b 'S 3 ^ H > -B '3 '3 '3 '3 -8 d s" b r 3 "3 &H ^ Subjuncti X w a. j 6 3 R; C: 3 sr- 3 ^b s b v b ^b x b x b 'B '3 -3 'B '3 '3 S S " * *s - s - v ^ g -^ fl x b - .| X ^1 "^ "/< ^ /< S g, S "^ Q w ** O ^ o N TO/I jo pva^sui - d !js[Jtoy aqq. a^JI 2. 5 _o H to 3_ t- a B 3 vi 8 3 B 3 ft RS 3 c- 3 b b b b b b >^ p /< x< S w b - ^ b S ^ w M/ ^ ^z> K *- % b x b ^ .J ,,^ b b b v b v b b 'B ^3 '3 'B -3 -3 3 S 5 o" t o * S 1 o" fc o 02 PL! t/2 PH 00 PH' 02 PH' wv aan^nj; ptiooag ^ W dn H b b b b Verbs. 8 3 .^ 'I b b S - ' g 9500 PH ' 0-3 fe * fe 3 o o o 3^3 QQ * d P S 01 5 '3 ^* y3 i' ^ ^ .2 8 'S ~O ."S ^ "S^ CU a & >b 6 ,x< ~ ! -^ ? '-5 2 *"^^* 3 ' ~ti ^ ^ S * * "* S B C- Jg ^ 1C" \u > ce u > " ^ Q <3 p ^ /< S ^< -3 M E^ C- C- C- C- C- 5 5 5 5 5 5 3 C S o~ fc S GO PH ^T^L ^ " " 2 W o V ean'jn^; puooag ^J, a<1 74 Modern Greek. Q "S 1 J , g & cT a_ S P V 95 i [z; ,^ v g P. g. O 33 .33 1 3 M E? <* s r r -< c prill O r ' b b -^ b b i J3 ** 1 C 3 05 C- C- . "3 "^ <5i ^> ^ ^ ^) o -3 -^ X< /^ rj /< /< j" 3J o *w c* - *, v ^ 3 | J s 1 3 f Is 1" Oi ^00" ,S a b b assive O PH--C" S3 33 PH O o J2 ^* c- . ^< ,< /< /< 05 ? 7 * w I 5z; d t^' d a 'S -2 '3 a 2 cc o 5 S p . -4^ 05 .,1 i i CJ ^ n O 1 as" oo s ^s w > *" *' J" J" CJ O f< /< /< ^< ^ 2? 1 11 -|J c, ^J g. g. s . \r J ^ ^ v ~ o r ** s vu sr- ^ /< /< ^ s 5>*^ '^ /^ /^* o c vy , I flee. 2. By strengthening the characteristic letter ; as, TVTT TVTTT-O, I Strike. 3. By inserting a syllable between the True Stem and the termination ; as, evp evp-'io-K-d), I find. Xa/3 Xa/j/3-ai>-a>, I receive. 4. By prefixing a Reduplication to the True Stem ; as, Be Ti-6r)-fjLi (Mod. &TO>), I place. 5. The Present Stem is sometimes the same as the True Stem, as in Au-o>, Xe'y- Xvei, for 6e\u> \veiv. 3. The Present Subjunctive changes the e, ft, o, ov of the Indicative into ?/, n, <> : in all other respects the Subjunctive and Indicative are identical ; as, 7 6 Modern Greek. Indicative. Subjunctive. \vfi, va \vfl. \vfTf, va \vi)re. Xvoptv, va Xvap-fv. 4. The Present Participle Active is formed by adding v to the Present Indicative; as, Auo>, \va>v (originally Avows, consonants dropped, vowel lengthened by compensation). In the Passive it is formed by changing pai, to pevos ; as, Xvo/xm, XvofjLfvos. The Participles are declined regularly. 5. The Imperative is formed from the Indicative by chang- ing w into e ; as, AJJW, Ave. 66. THE IMPEBKECT. 1. The Imperfect is formed from the Present by adding the Augment and changing the termination -o> to -ov in the Active, and -opai to -ofjujv in the Passive. The vernacular changes the -ov to -a, as eAva for eAuoi/. 2. In uncontracted verbs the accent is thrown back to the antepenultimate in the Imperfect Active ; as, fi\fna>, e/SAen-ov ; Aww, eXvov. 67. THE AOEIST. 1. Modern Greek has retained both the First and Second Aorist, but in no one verb are both forms in use. 2. The First Aorist is generally employed. The following verbs are the chief exceptions, and use the Second Aorist : Pres. Aor. ), to flee, eyco, to eat, efayov. 7Tiva>, to drink, eniov. ai, to Come, T)\6ov. > } to take, Verbs. 77 The common language joins a First Aorist termination to a Second Aorist stem, as, eiTra, I said, for flirov. 3. In the Indicative the Second Aorist is declined like the Imperfect ; in the other moods like the Present, with the following exceptions : (a) The Infinitive is accented with a circumflex, as flne'iv. (b) The Second Singular Imperative is accented on the last syllable, as, tme. 4. The Second Aorist Passive is formed from the Active by changing ov into rjv. 5. The First Aorist Active is formed from the True Stem by prefixing the Augment, and adding -, to put, /3aXa. 9. If e occurs in the stem of a monosyllabic liquid, it is changed to a in the Aorist Passive, as, oreXXw, fo-raXrjv. 10. The vernacular uses eXvo-ey, eXvo-ere, for eXvaas, 78 Modern Greek. ixrare, and e\v6rjKa (perhaps a vestige of the Perfect), for 11. The Aorist Subjunctive is formed from the Aorist Indicative by dropping the Augment and by changing the termination a into to in the Active, and i\v into , it is written ft instead of at, as, 6e\ca Xvcret, e^a) Xvcret. 14. The Aorist Infinitive Passive is formed by dropping the Augment and changing 6i\v into 6ijvai (lit.), or 6rf (com- mon), as, fXvdrjv, \v0rjvat, Or \v6rj. 15. The Aorist Participle Active is formed from the Indicative by dropping the Augment, and changing a into as, as, eAuo-n, Xvo-ar. It is declined regularly, like Tray, iraa-a, ndv. 1 6. In the Passive the Participle is formed by dropping the Augment and changing Br\v into 6ds, with accent on the last. 68. THE FUTURE. I. The Ancient Form of the Future is very rarely used ; it may be considered as lost, and is replaced by compounded tenses. Verbs. 79 2. There are two .Futures in Modern Greek : (a) The First (or Imperfect) Future (MeXXcoi/ iraparaTiKos). (6) The Second (or Perfect) Future (MeXXaw o-wreAtKoj). (a) The First Future, expressing a continued or repeated action, is formed by 6a (see 67, 5) and the Present Sub- junctive; or by 6f\a> and the Present Infinitive, as, 6a Tfrfyaivu) naff ficdo"n)i>, I shall go every day. &'A(B TreptTrare I l Ka6e npcai, I will walk every morning. (b) The Second Future is used when reference is made to an action to be performed once, without prolongation or re- petition, and is formed by 6a and the Aorist Subjunctive, or by 6f\a> and the Aorist Infinitive, as, 6a VTrdyca crfjfjiepov, I shall go to-day. &'Xw irepnraTris. EXemov ore Trepicra'OTepov TOVS 82 Modern Greek. The aide-de-camp was not at the Te Deum: something must have happened to him. The seeds of these plants should be collected when they are ripe. \Ve thought he had announced to you the news. We thought that perhaps you would come this way. The last hard winter was foretold by the shep- herds. They generally forecast the weather accurately. He wrote such nonsense in the magazine, that he could not be admired. They are delighted with the town, so that they are never tired of praising and ad- miring it. I admire your picture (por- trait) : it is above all praise. I admire his courage and fore- tell a brilliant future for him. I bought the paper ruled. I cannot write Greek cor- rectly. O VTracTTrtcrriyr (\tnrfv UTTO tr\v SooAoyt'ai/' TrpeVm va TCO . 'O TfAeurator Spifivs ^fi/ia)i/ Ttpo- f\^dr) VTTO rwv Troip.(va>v (OTTO TOVS Trot/LieVar). rjdcay 7rpo\eyov(Ti. TOV Kaipuv rocras voijcras (s TO TTfptoSlKOl/, UXTTf f]TO dbvVdTOV va Tois dpe(Ti. Qavfj.da> TTJV d<6va eras' fivat dvatTepa -rravros eVraiVou. Oavfj.da> Tr)v dvSpeiav TOV Kal TrpoAtyw fit' avTov \a^.npov /ie'AAof. 'Hydpao-a TO X a P X a P aKO) ^' vov. AeV fjfirropS) va ypd(pa> op6ws Ta Verbs. Tell me why you knit stock- ings, when you can very easily find a woman to knit them for you. They made an excursion (pic- nic) to Eleusis, but when they began luncheon, they found that the knives and forks were missing. They were disheartened when they found how many things were missing. Eirre fj,ov 8ia T'I Tr\(K(i d<' ov Svvatrai TTO\V va fvpys yvvaiKa va ray ir\f^rj. 'E^eSpapov eh TTJV 'E\fva!va Kal fv , and oo>, but the Modern language changes o&> into iva> and conjugates it as a simple verb. There are therefore only two classes (a) In ao, as rt/idw, I esteem, I honour. (6) In to), as KaXe'w, I call. Both of which contract into , TI/LIW, Ka\S>. The contractions only occur in the Present and Imperfect of both voices, which are given below. The other tenses are conjugated like those of simple verbs. 2. The following are the Hules of Contraction : First Class. Second Class. aoi 1 , e(pi\r)cra. Sins. Sin, First Class. 72. Tijidw, -w, I honour. ACTIVE VOICE. Indicative Mood. Present. Plur. fTifiaov -wv fTifiaes -as eVt'juae -a Imperfect. Plur. -cofj.ev Tip.dfTf -are -wen (TI/JLOVV}. fTipaouev -u>fj.ev fTiudere -are fTiaaov -lov. Aorist, fTi future, Ba TtyDjcra), or 6e\(o TLfJ,r)(Tfi. va Tifjim -a> va Tifj.drjs -as va Tifj.dr] -a Subjunctive Mood. Present. Plur. va 7 -a>fj.ev va Ti/J.dr)Te -are va Tip.doxri -UHTI (va Ttfj,oi/v) . Verbs. Sing. Tifj.ae -a Imperative Mood. Present. Plur. -arco) -are as Tip.ovv -arcoo'ai'). Infinitive Mood. Present, Tip.de tv -av. Participle Present. Singular. F. Tifidowa -Sxra TifiuovarjS -tacrrjs -OXTTJ ovaav -axrav Plural. Xum. Tip.dovres -Stvres Tifidovirai -Sxrai Gen. TLp.aoirra>v -a>vra>v ripaovcrcav -axrtav I)at. rtfMocri -coat Tifiaovaais -cocrats Acc. Tifj-uovras -a>fras Tipaovcras -axras M. Nona. Tip,dv ->v Gen. Tifj.dovros ->VTOS Dat. Tip.dovTi -OIVTI Acc. Tifjujovra -S)vra N. Tip.dov -S>v TlfJ.doVTOS -UtVTOS TlflttOVTl -O)VTl ripdov -5>v Tip.dovTa -u>vra Tl/J.o(Tl -CO TlfJiClOVTO. - Sin. rtp.ofj.ai - PASSIVE VOICE. Indicative Mood. Present. Plur. Tifjuiofieda -a>p.(6a Tip.decr6e -dcrdf TlfJ-doVTOL -WVTal. Imperfect. :lg. (Tip,a6p.r]v -d>p.r]v Plur. / - / > -\ fTip.afa'O -aero (fTip,(a) fTlfJ.d(TO -UTO Aorist, Irip.ri6r]v. Future, 6a Ti^Qui (ripr]df)/iat ->p,ai va TLfMT) -a va Tip.a.rjTai -arai Plur. va Tifj.ao)fj.{0a -uifieda -ao-8f va Tipaoivrai -fovrai. Sing. Imperative Mood. Plur. TLU -aadf as TipSiV -dcrdcaaav). Infinitive Mood. Present, rifjuifcrdai -aadai. Participle Present. Singular. M. F. N. Nom. TLfj.a6p.fvos -a>p,fvos TinaofJifvr] -a>p.fvrj TifjLaofjLfvov -cafievov Gen. Tipaofievov -co/xeVou Tip.aofjL(vrjs -co/zeV^y rifj.aofifvov -co^eVou, etc. Plural. Nom. rifjuiofjifvoi -taptvot rifj.aop.evai -co/zei/at Tifj.a6p.fva -a>p.eva Gen. Tip.aonfva>v Tifj.a>p.fva>v, etc. Sing. KaXe'co -o> Second Class. 73. KaX&o -u, I call. ACTIVE VOICE. Indicative Mood. Present. Plur. Ka\eofJ.fv -oi>fj.v Sing. e/cdXeoi/ -ovv -fis Verbs. Imperfect. Plur. -ov[j.ev -etre -ti fKaXfOV -OVV. Aorist, fKaXeo-a. Future, 6 a /caXeVto or &'Xa> Subjunctive Mood. Present. Sing. va KaXeco -G> va KaXerjs -TJS va Plur. va Ka\ea>fj.fv -ai/L va KaXfijre -fjre va KoXeoxri -wo-t Sing. as Imperative Mood. Plur. KaXetTe -fire as Ka\ovv Gen. Dat. Acc. Gen. Dat. Acc. Infinitive Mood. Present, KaXei> -e'tv. Participle Present. Singular. M. F. N. Ka\fa>v -)V Ka\fovcra -oucra KaXeov -ovv Ka\fovros -OVVTOS Ka\fovv -ovvrcav Ka\ova->v -ov&aw KaXeovrav -ovvruv RoXcbtttn -ovcri Ka\eov or 6e\a> K\r)6f). Subjunctive Mood. Present. Sing. va Ka\ea)fj.ai -a>p.ai va Koer) - va /Jif6a -a va KaXerjcrde -r)cr8f va Ka\evrai Infinitive Mood. Present, KaXefcrdai -eladai. Participle Present. Singular. M. p. N. Nom. Ka\e6fjifvos -ovjj,fvos KaXeofievr) -ovp.fvr) KaXfopevov Gen. KaXeo/ieVov -ovpevov Ka\eofjt,fvr]S -ovpevrjs /caXeo/neVou -ovpevov Verbs. hold ! she washes, ir\vv(i. the linen, TO. dinrpo I Would that ! enedvuovv va. warm the plates, {evrave TO. Vocabulary. Prime minister, 6 TTtvaKia the boys sing, TU Trai8la v/mX- \ovcri (rpaycoSovv). at the concert, els TIJI/ 8idov8vT>ovpy6s. 'O virovpybs T&V e{-<0Te- piK&v naprjTTjdrj (has resigned). 'O vnovpybs Tvr]cre paKpov KO\ evyXcoTTOv \6yov. '0 ftaaiXevs enedeatprjcrf TO. aTpaTfvuaTa TTJV Trape^6ovcrav ejB8op.d8a. Efiefiaiuxrav TOV TrpeaflevTyv Trept TO>V (piXiKoiv alcr0r)/ji.dTa>v T = Tidrjfu, I place. I give. i, I show. 76. IMPERSONAL VERBS. The following verbs are Used impersonally : Present. Aorist. it rains, X<-ovi(fi, it snows, it lightens, , it thunders, f(m)v, it is warm, tua^e Kpvov or tyvxos, it is cold, fKa^ie Kpvov or \jsi>xo Ppa8vaci, it is growing late, e/3paSuas. /SaatXfwet. to expose yourself, va fKredrjre it is very stormy, etvat ntyd^r) (K0T(l>). Karaiyls. it harmonises, o-v^t0Q>m. besides, eVcros TOUTOV. good taste, ij KakaiuQ^aia. Exercise. Me XvTreT va ere /3Xe7rcj ^wXai'i/ovra ToeT-ov. ai!/erat ort (KTvrrrjcra TOV TrdSa /nou Trfpicrfforfpov d<^)' o,rt tvof 4>atVerai ort etV$e X/av d&td(popos TTfpl rij e^o/xei' 8e TroXiii/ 8po/ioi' va Ka/iwuei/. Eivai Tocr7 f' at IWKTSS o/iwy fvrnvda tlvai iravrorf 8potrpat (cat Kara TO rrjv crTiyp.r)V 92 Modern Greek. Ka\oicaipi (Qepos). Tijv irapf\dovcrav VVKTO. TJTO irayutvia, aXXa vop,i(0 OTI 6 irayfrbs 8t,f\v6r) (irapTJXde). 'O 17X10$ 8vei (/3apas. 2a? p.e\ei va ({-fpfflcrde orav /3pe\?7 5 Upenei va Trpoo-e'^Te rav % vat ^ypos Kaipos. Upenfi va peivr/re f8a> TO ftpddv, eiVai /zeyaX?; Karaiyts. Aev (popovp-ai va et-f\6a> orav ftpovra Kal dtrrpaTrrei. 'O ovpavos elvai Kadapuirtpos' aXXa 8ev eiravcre va ftpexfl aKopr). Xiovi&i els TO jSowa. *O 'Y/XTJTTOS elvai K(KaXvp.pei>os tr^eSoi/ ^XP L v TrpoiroSav. *H ^aXa^ia (tdpavcre) crxfftbv oXa ra Trapadvpa 7ro\\cov OIKI>VJ KOI fKa (AiKpfov riovXiaiv (TTTrjvwv) evpeOrjffav tyofpia (v(Kpa) fls TOVS KTJTTOVS. 'Srravioos (TVfiftaivet Sty Kara TTJV avrrjv &>pav TOV erovs. Aev ZrrpfTre va (KTeflrjrf OVTO>, Aei/ firpeire va VTrdyy rf]v VVKTU rounjf' dvai (l p.f TTJV 77. IRREGULAR VERBS. The following are the principal verbs, which form their tenses irregularly. There is no Middle Voice, the Perfect and Pluperfect are formed from the Aorist; the Second Future is the same as the Aorist Subjunctive, thus the Aorist is the only tense which need be given here. Present. Aorist. d/jLaprdvai, to sin, fjnaprov or ^dprrj^a. i/u/3aiVw, to ascend, dvefirjv or dvtfirjKa. uvayiyva>(rK.a>, to read, aveyvav or dvcyVfiMTO. dvaipco, to retract, dvypeo-a. aTrodvTjcrKa), to die, aTTtdavov. dpea-Kd), to please, fjpfo-a. avdva>, to increase, rjv^a-a. dipivu, to allow or leave, a or /3a<, to place, e3a\ov (Pass. cP\r)dr]v or Verbs. 93 Present. Papvvop.ai, yrjpao-Kw, yivop.ai, 8epva>, 8vvap.ai f to go, to be weary, to see, to moisten, to grow old, to become, to bite, to beat, to show, to teach, to receive, to give, to be able, Aorist. fi8ov. fyr)pao~a. eyeiva. e8dyKao~a (Pass. e8eipa. eScocra or e8u>Ka. Exercise. Have you seen Paul 1 he has grown old very fast, and wants to become a monk. What a fearful day ! I am wet through, and the dog has bitten me. He beat me because I showed him his caricature and said to me, I will teach you to laugh at me. At what o'clock did you give the letter to the messenger, because I did not get it till eight in the evening, and he could not take more than twenty minutes coming. EiSare TOV HavXov j eyrjpacre TTO\V ra^ews Kal 6f\ei va yfivrj KCL- \6yfpos. Tt rpofifpa fipepa ! eftpaxyv oXos, 6 8e , to succeed, to hit, to take out, to rise, or to get up, to be astonished, to be ashamed, to come, to find, to have, to be able, to wish, to place, to sit down, to burn, to make, to know, ejSyuXa. f]yfp6r]v. %\6ov. qvpov (evpov). il\ov (Imp.). Wfcra. cKadrjaa. fKavcra. eKap.a. rj^evpa. Exercise. He got up and went out in a 'Hyepdy rage. George went into my room and took my money out of the cupboard : when I came in, I was surprised to find him and asked, Are you not ashamed to take my money 1 He began to cry and said, ' You make a mistake in thinking I am a thief; I take the money for your good that you may not be able to drink much wine.' e'ijX0 'O Teupyios fa^rjKfv (Is TO TIOV p,ov Kal ee/3aXe TO XpfjfMTa e< TOV dpfjiapiov (vTovXaTriovy OTav elarjkdov ((n\dyr]v evpa>v ai'TOv Kal Tjpa>TT)o-a, ' Aev cVrpeVf crai va p.ov Trdpr/s TO. xpr]p,aTa ; i/a K\airj Kal dntv, '"Execs \ddos vopifav OTI flaai K\eTTTT]s' Traipvco TO. xpW a T a 8ia TO KaXov crov, Sta va HTJ va ivivrjs iToXii tcpatri- Verbs. 95 I was struck by the fore- thought of my servant and said, ' You shall remain in my house and receive 20 francs a month more.' What have you learnt at the University ] I have learnt to suffer with for- titude and to fight bravely. As I came through the garden, I plucked the flowers. Grood-day, sir, how are you ? Very well, thanks, but I want to sit down. Do you know where Colonel R. lives? Near the Cafe Solon, I think. Let us sit down here ; it is very hot walking about; the sun has burnt up the trees. How do you do ? What are you doing 1 I go every day to Phalerum. I go out in a boat and bathe. A capital plan, but take care you are not drowned. The wind blows tremendously sometimes. Let us walk a little : you need not go far without sitting down. 'EKTrXayds /ze TTJV Tipovotav TOV VTrrjpeTOv fj.ov, flirov' ' Qd fjLfivrjs fis Trjv otKiav [j,ov Kal 6d Xafjipdvys 2O (ppdyica KOTO Ti Ip.d6ere els TO v Ep.adov vd iiTTO(p(p(i) Kaf, KOI vd fjidxca/jiai yewauor. Ev co 8ir)px6[jir]v 8id TOV KTJTTOV fKo\lsa fd avdrj. KaXijf rj/jifpav, Kvpit, TTCOS nepvaTf ; IIoXv Ka\d, evxapiaTaj, aXXa 6e\pi(Tf TTOV KaTOtKel 6 avvray- p,aTap)(r)s P ; IlX^O't'oi' TOU Ka(pfvfiov SdXcoi'os', vofj.la>. *As Kadricruufv e'Sco' fivat TroXi) e/cauo-e TO TI Kd Hrjyaivv Kaff fKaaTijv eir TO &d\r]pov' irrjyaiva /ue TTJV XffJipoV KOL KOfJiVO) \OVTp6v. HoXv KaXa fcdjai/ere, aXXa iff i o-cpodpoTaTa fvioTf. *As TrepiTrarijcrco/itei' o\tyov' 8tv f'XfTf dvdyKrjv vd vndyrjTe odv X^P' 5 vd Ka6f]. \av8dvofuu, to be mistaken, eXavddadrjv. Xeyw, to say, etjrov. to learn, epadov. to fight, (Menu, to remain, Trdcr^o), iradaivco, to suffer, firaQov. iraipvco, to take, fTrfjpa. TrepvS), to pass, fTrepatra. TrerS), to fly, to throw away, eVeraa. TTTjyaivco. to go, imrjyov. TTtVa), to drink, e?rtoj/. TriTrro), to fall, eTrecra. to Sail, tTrXeucra. to suffocate, to drown, tWi^a. (pvcrS>, to blow, e(pv(TT)a (e^ , TJTIS 6d o~e (pepy us TOV (TTaujJiov TOV cridrjpo- 8po/j.ov. Aev TjfjLTropt'is vd KO- fj.rjs \d8os. Tt fj.io-66v Xap/3ai/eT Kara p.rjva ', Movov 300 (ppdyKa Kara [j.r)va OK KadrjyrjTr]s, dXXa Kep- Si^co aKo/jLT] KOTI ypd(pu>v els Tag efprjp.epio'as. 2^(ca>, aXXcoy 6d OTftXtB TOV 81- 8do~Ka\ov fj.e TTJV pdfiftov. 'Nop.i^eis OTI TOV (pofiovfiai ; H Xffj.^oy lara&rf 6d p.ds drto- fls TTJV t]pdv ; Present. Tpe, T P*X>, (paii/op-ai, (ptvyai, (pddvco, (pdfiput, English, to draw, to noui-ish, to run, to eat, to happen, to go, to promise, to appear, to flee, to arrive, reach, to destroy, waste, to be happy, rejoice, to pour out, spill, to lie, to roast, cook, H Aorist. e(paya. fTV^OV. VTTTJyOV. f X^P iv r *l s f 60 '? 5 ' M ou * a ' &* v efpaya TtVoTe eirl 8vo T)p.epas. Aei/ (paivecrai OTL vTre. the hill, 6 \6 o~f]fj,fpov Kovpa(Tfj.evos, "EirptTre va rov dvayKao~rjTe v dvaipeo-rj o, TI fine. 'H TroXtopKi'a rjpQr) (SieXv^) Trpb fvbs erovs. 'E-mrpetyaTf p.ot Verbs. 99 v d(pr)(T va. TO Trdpco ety TTJV f fjiov. 'AfprjcraTf pe va (ppovricro) dvff vutov Sta TO. cru/itp/poird uov. BaXeTe TO Kadur^a cray 7r\r](riov TOV napadvpov. Hrfyaivo) f'/cet inra TJJS e/SSo/wzSoy. 'YmiytTf fKfl oaov Svvaadf crv^vorepov. x\i)TLK6s. ET//ot /3pey^teVoy. Karavrare TroXu yepwv 'Pfyf ray e'rnaroXas rauTay ety TO Ta^uSpo/zetoi'. Aei Vocabulary. I can, I could, Svvapai: Aor. f]8vvr)6rjv (Lit.). rjfjLtropS) : Aor. t]fnrapeaa (Com.) I will, I would, &?Xo>, ^eXov or I Ought, ot^etXw, Trpeirti. I must, Trp/TTft, ai/ayKafo/x I should, enpfTTf. information, at TrXrjpo^op the affair, 17 virodfais. the decision, 17 a-nofyaa-is. to yield, give in, fv8i8cra>. 2i rjfjiTropels va epyaiQys' TO (vpLffK.u> evxapKTTOTfpov va ere /SX/Treo ep- ya6ufvov. Qa eVpaywfioucrare eav 6 SiSdarKaXos 0"ay r/ro e'5w Sta i .1 way (ri'VoSfva-rj J Ga >JTO r}v-)(apicrTr]fj.(vos (av rj^vvaTO va tdrj T^IV (f)i\ov TOV dK.6jj.rj p,iai> (popdv. Ti ^a eXeyey eav f/p^fTO a-f]p.epov ; H 2 ioo Modern Greek. 'H6f\op.tv vndyfi fls TTJV t^o^rjv avpiov tav rj dfieX^Hj pas 8tv f)O-0fVfi. v E/ TTtpl UVTOV. Kadr)Kov e^ere va pr] dVTai ra faia rocrov crK\T]p>s. 'Hp.Tropei va \tyrj o, TI dt\fi' Kavfls 8ev rov Triarcvfi. "OTTOIS KOL av fXfl, fttv elvai l8iKTj (TOV 8ov\eid (it's no business of your's). AeV dvvapui va KaraXd/3a) TI evvoei ypd(piJ:(v TOV (TiS^poSpo/iOf dvvducda va inrdyfofjifv e(f> dudgrjs. npfirei va vndpxn ^afiaia irapeworjo-is p.tTav TO>V. Ti va tyivf TO iratdiov ' } enpfTre va TJTO e'Sai Ttpo uids eopas. 'Eya> 6" dmiroiovp.r]v } aXX' avTrj Bev 8vvaTai v dpvrjdfj TiTTOTf. Tls 6a TO erricrTeve ' } (TIS jJ^eXe TO ma'Tfi/crfi j) PARTICLES. 78. PKEPOSITIONS. 1. In Modern Greek many Prepositions govern other cases than in the Ancient language. 2. The Accusative is often used instead of the Genitive and Dative. 3. There are 18 Prepositions, which may be divided into 5 classes : (i) 4 Prepositions which govern the Genitive. (a) 2 Dative. (3) 3 Accusative. (4) 6 Accusative or Gen- itive. (5) 3 Accusative, Geni- tive, or Dative. Prepositions. 101 79. Prepositions which govern the Genitive : irpo, dvrl, (K, diro. 1. irpo (does not drop the omicron before a vowel) : (tt) of Time before : rjKdov els rds 'A.6rjvas Trpb Tpi>v trStv, I came to Athens three years ago ; elo-rj\6f irpb e^oy, he entered before me. (6) of Place in front of, before : 9 Aiyiva Kelrai irpb TO\> Ueipaiws, Aegina lies in front of the Piraeus. 2. dm instead of, in exchange for : /*oi eSco/ce yaeTTas(xa^Kbv) dvri dpyvp>v vofjuo-paTtav, he gave me coppers in exchange for silver coins ; vTnjyf dvr e^ov, he went instead of me. In composition dvrl has also the force of 'against'; as dvriiteipcu, to be opposed to, to be set against. Followed by ra and the Subjunctive it means instead of; as, dvrl va enia-rpe^rj eudvs, instead of returning at once. 3. CK, before a vowel e< rov dedrpov, he came out of the theatre. (6) made of, of : as, TO 8aKrv\i8i eivai tx ^pvuoi), the ring is made of gold. (c) from (cause, origin, agent) : as, dnedavev en irvpeTov, he died from fever. (d) from (of time), since : as, <' eKeivys TTJS &pas, from that hour. 4. diro : (a) from, since (of time) : as, elvat e'Sto dirb rpi>v e^So/zafiwz/, he has been here three weeks (since three weeks). (6) from (of place) : as, e(pvyev dirb Tys olnias TOU, he fled . from his house. OTTO is vulgarly used with the Accusative : as, TO rjnowa dif CLVTOV, I heard it from him ; dirb gv\ot>, made of wood 5. The following Adverbs are used like Prepositions with IO2 Modern Greek. the Genitive case: tWa, on account of; ai/ev, without; pexpt, a^pi, as far as, until; x"P tv > f r the sake of; pfragv, between; 8iKT]v, like, as. 80. Prepositions which govern the Dative : eV, o-vi/. If, in : as, tv OVTIJ rfj xpa, i n this country. Replaced in common language by els with Accusative. ow, with (lit.) : as, di^wp^o-e avv rf] oiKoyevfia TOV, he went away with his family ; trvv 9f<5, by the help of God. 81. Prepositions which govern the Accusative : fls, dva, pe. 1. els: to, towards, in, into, at : as, 6a virdyco ds rrjv ndXn/, I shall go to Constantinople (Stamboul) : 6a ef/iai fls rty olxlav evrbs evos Terdprov, I shall be at home in a quarter of an hour. Used in an elliptical construction with the Genitive : as, $a crvvaTravTT}dS)fjLfv fls TOV virovpyov, for, 6a crvvairavTr]Ga)p.fv fls TTJV oiKiav TOV vnovpyov, we shall meet at the minister's. 2. di-d : (a) up, upstream : as, TrXe'w dva (TOV} irorapov, I sail up the river. (6) by (signifying divisions) : as, &8fvo-av dva Te?, through the city ; 8ia 6a\d TTJV BaaiXtcro-av T^S 'AyyXi'as, India is under the Queen of England. (d) Upon, on (of conditions) : imb TOVS Spovs TOVTOVS, on tliese conditions. JO4 Modern Greek. 5. (a) With Genitive against : as, 6 apwyos rfjs av (reas fKap.f \6yov Kara roC vnovpytiov, the leader of the opposition made a speech against the ministry. (b) Down to, down on : as, eVeae Kara yrjs, he fell to the ground. (c) With Accusative according to : as, elvai dpiorovpy^a Kara TTJV yvu>p.rjv p,ov, or, nor efj.e, it is a masterpiece to my mind ; Kara ray Treptcrrdo-fiy, according to circumstances. (d) With Accusative at (in point of time) : as, f'y(vi>f)8r] KCIT lueivov TOV XP" W , be was born at that time. 6. utrlp : (a) With Genitive for, in favour of (opposed to Kara) : as, ?Ka/ze \6yov inrep rrjs 'AyyXiay, he spoke in favour of Eng- land ; vTrep TrarpiSos, for his country. (6) With Accusative over (motion) : e^wpio-t virfp TOE (a-KnfjLfj,eva, he exceeded the bounds of decency. (c) Over, more than : as, JJ.T] 8ia/j.eivriTf VTrep ras rpels rj Trap' ai>Tov, it was written by him. (6) With Dative by, with, and at the house of : as, 17 aperij Kadiara rjpas dyaTrrjTovs Trapa 6f\T)s TOV AovSivov arvve^rj em. KapoXov B', the great plague of London occurred in the time of Charles II. (c) With Dative on account of, for, on : as, \vnov^ai em TjJ aa-6fvfia o-ar, I grieve on account of your illness ; ori TOUTW, whereupon, upon this. (d) With Accusative on, upon, down on (implying motion) : as, eppi^e TO iraidl eVl TO e8a(pos, he dashed the child on the ground. \e) During : as, eVt crapavra f]fj,epay 8fi> f(paye xpeas, during forty days he did not eat meat. 3- """pos: (a) With Genitive (elliptical construction) for the sake of, by : as, irpbs Atop, in the name of Jupiter. (6) With Dative in addition to : as, irpos rois aXXois /iay fine, in addition to other things, he told us. (c) With Accusative to, or towards : as, aneravBr] npbs (fie, he addressed himself to me ; dievdvvfy irpbs rr)v BouXiji/, he went towards the Chamber. 84. REMAKKS ON THE PKEPOSITIONS. 1. Prepositions (except tv, els, ) are oxytone before their case : after their case many are paroxytone, but in Modern Greek they are seldom found in this position. 2. All Prepositions may be compounded with Verbs. io6 Modern Greek. 3. When followed or compounded with a word beginning with a vowel, prepositions drop their final vowel. IIp6 and iTfpl are exceptions to this rule. If the word has a rough breathing, T and ?r are changed to 6 and //-, to y before y, *, x, , and before X, p, p, a- to these letters. N.B. When o-w precedes , or o- followed by another consonant, the final v is dropped : but with lv the final v is retained. Ex. ^ o-i^^o-ts-, the debate ; eva-ndpu, to instil. Vocabulary. to run, the wisdom, ^ the integrity, 17 upright, honest, the prison, 17 , TO ep- ycHrrrjpiov. the cage, 6 /cXwjSo's- ( to draw caricatures, K ye\oioypavia. the chain, 17 aXucru. my wife, ^ a-vvy6s p.ov. Exercise. He ran up the hill. Why are you always speaking against rne and in favour of my rival 1 Because in my opinion (according to me) he is far above you in wisdom and in- tegrity. What do you know about wisdom ] In two years' time, you shall be in prison with your wise and upright friend. Go through the town, and look towards the East ; on the hill you will see a house with marble walls. In the shop was a man in a cage, and beside it two black slaves. It is against the law to draw caricatures on the wall. Adverbs. 107 Mind your own business ; the house was built by me, and I shall put anything I like upon the walls or inside it, on the top or underneath it. The police are coming. Quick ! give me something to wipe it out. Come and stand in front of it to hide it from the eye of the law. Throw me a sponge out of the window. For goodness' sake, be quick, or they will be round the corner. I shall be bound with chains and torn from my wife and family. 85. ADVERBS. i. Adverbs of Manner and of Kind, Those Adverbs of Manner and of Kind which are formed from Adjectives have already been mentioned in 40. Of the rest the following are the most important. dXXcW, otherwise. i'o-a, Straight ; Ex. Go Straight up, Urjyaive crra tirdvn. icra tcra, or taia tcria, exactly. eVtn, thus (ourws). era-t K erai, pretty well, so so ; Ex. How are you 1 IIw? fla-df ; Pretty well, eVcri K ertri. TTwj, how. Ka6a>s, cos, OTTU>S, thus, as. 86. 2. Adverbs of Time and Place. Some Adverbs of Time and Place govern the Genitive : eVavw, up, above. Kara, under, below. io8 Modern Greek. (go, outside. Ttpiv, before. Ex. Kara TOV opovs, at the foot of the mountain. eo> TTJS oiKias, outside of the house. Trplv TOV xei/teoi/oy, before the winter. But in the common language a preposition is inserted, as, Karoo curb TO opos, eo> OTTO TO (TTTITI, etc, 87. Adverbs of Time. X&s, yesterday. (rfjfifpov, to-day. avpiov, to-morrow. es, the day before yesterday (used for any recent day). v, the day after to-morrow (used for any immediate future day). QTro'^e, this evening. e(ptTos, this year. n-epva-i, last year. TOV xpovov, next year. Trore, never; Ex. Trore /nou, never in my life. when 1 f, always, rdre, then. rwpa, or Topa, now. fls TO fgr/s, for the future. fvdvs, immediately. r, immediately, at once. r], yet. e'm, oKovev, continually, incessantly. Adverbs. 109 88. Adverbs of Place. Snov, TTOV, where. navTov, everywhere. e'Sai, fvrevdfv, here, hence. eVcel, eKfWfv, there, thence. ava>, lTrdvcat av, at least, even. TrXeoi', more J Ex. Aei/ rjfjinopS) n\eoi> va Trpo^copijcrw, I can go on no more. no Modern Greek. na\iv, again. \iav, very. Ex. 'YiTTj-yfTf have you been ? Nat, yes. Avvaa-df va TO Ka/i^Te ; can you do it ? MdXiora, certainly. To eKapeTt ; did you do it 1 "Oxh no - Aei> T0 *Kapa, I did not do it. MIJ TO Ka/j.r]s, do not do it. Hdpa Tj-oAu dicpiftd, too dear, "la-ios 6a 7, perhaps he will come. Eii/at \iav cnrXovs, he is very simple. f tydvr], he did not even appear. 90. CONJUNCTIONS. Kal, and. av itai, though, although. oiiTe ovTf, neither nor. oi>S<=, neither, nor (emphatic). fj,f)Tf prjTf, neither nor. pei> 8e, indeed but. 6 fifv 6 8e, the one the other. dXXa, but. o^o)s, however ; ov% TJTTOV o/xws, nevertheless. fdi>, av, if. I] T), either or. 6iTe etrf, either or. Srav, when. eats, until. TTpiv, before. dtp' ov, d(pov, since. ev w, eVw, whilst. a^ia, as soon as. oTt, because. f, so that. iva, that. vd, that (followed by Subjunctive). Ex. &Xa> va Xvo> (Anc. &'Xo> \veiv), I wish to loose. Interjections. 1 1 1 With the Imperfect it expresses a desire : Ex. Na exa^e avro, Oh, that he wcmld do that, ort, that. OTTUIS, in order that, /i?}, lest, that not. 91. INTEEJECTIONS. TL Kpipa, what a pity. pa rov Aia, by Jupiter. Kavpevf, poor fellow. dvorjTf, you fool. Xa/i7rpa, splendid. evye, well done. /L7r/)a'/3o, bravo. Zj7rTros, that man. "OXos and was when used in the sense of ' all ' follow the same rule. 4. Names of Persons, Cities, Countries, are generally preceded by the definite Article : as, 6 Kvptos OvdSSiyKrcav, Monsieur "VVaddington ; f) Kvnpos, Cyprus ; TO Aoi/8ij/oi/, Lon- don j 6 a-uvTayfjLaTdpxrjs Ovair, Colonel White. 5. In writing, all the words which depend upon a sub- stantive can be inserted between it and the Article : as, fj irepl ?is 6 Xdyos (iriTpoTrrj, the commission in question. In the same manner dependent words can be inserted between a substantive and a participle : as, yvvalica (yvvf]) ev TII xnpfiq $taTf\ovcra, a woman continuing in widowhood. 6. The Article is often used in the place of avros, avrf], avro, he, she, it: as, TO /3ot>KaXi xpao-i, a bottle of wine ; ev {(vyapi, ydvria, a pair of gloves. 4. The Genitive Absolute is used in writing but not in conversation. 95. THE ADJECTIVE. 1. The Adjective stands before the Substantive, Avith which it agrees, except when the two together form the Predicate. Even then, the Adjective usually stands first, as, 6 Ka\6s avdpomos, the good man ; 6 VTr^peY^r (Ivat KO\OS (ivdpanros, Or, livdpamos Ka\6s. 2. If an Adjective stands without a Substantive, avdpairos, a man, is understood if it is Masculine ; Trpayp.a, a thing, if it is Neuter. Ex. o 7rXov' o TL, a(' ocrov, as, fivai KaXXirepos avdpanros Trap' 3 n o-ToxafccrOt, he is a better man than you imagine. 96. THE NUMERALS. 1. When Numerals (up to 12) are employed in the Femi- nine, &pa, hour, o'clock, is understood, as, tls TTJV piav (8>pav} } at one o'clock ; els ras OKTW (upas), at eight o'clock. 2. To denote a date they are put in the Neuter Plural (7-77, years, understood), as, fls TO. ^iXta OKTCIKOVUI Trfvfjvra (trr)), in 1857 ; or, in more elevated language, Kara ro x' OKTOKocrioa-Tov irfVTrjKoa-rbv e/SSo^ioi* CTOS. 3. xi^ l( **, a thousand, is properly a Substantive, and governs the Genitive, as, rpels x i ^ l ^ es avdp&irwv, but it is frequently used as a Numeral Adjective, as, rpe'is i, three thousand men. 97. THE PRONOUNS. 1. The Personal Pronouns are only used before the Verb, when special emphasis has to be laid on the person, as, tya> TO fKafj.a ox 1 fKfivos, I did it, not that man. 2. The monosyllabic Personal Pronouns (^ov, /te, etc.) are placed before the Verb, unless it is in the Imperative, as, o-e tide, he saw you ; but afprja-e p.e, let me alone. 3. If two such Pronouns are employed in the same sen- tence, one in the Accusative and the other in the Genitive or The Pronouns. 115 Dative, the one in the Accusative is placed last, as, 86s poi TO, give it me. 4. In the Compound Tenses these Pronouns are placed before e^w, but between &'Xw and the Verb, as, TOV e^co eiTm, I have told him ; tfe'Xco rbv tin-ei, I will tell him. They are also placed between the Particles, 6a, av, ^, ofv, as, vd, and the Verb, as, 6a TO *ca/ia>, I will do it ; ay TO Xa/%, let him take it. 5. The Possessive Pronouns can either follow the Substan- tive they depend on, or stand between the Adjective and the Substantive, as, 6 fjMvpos om'Xor pov, or, 6 pavpos pov o-xuXor, my black dog. 6. The Relative Pronoun agrees in Gender, Number, and Person with its antecedent, but in Case it belongs to its own clause, as, 6 tlvdptmos, TOV onolov (8ia>gav, the man whom they sent away ; y&>, Sort? fKapa TOVTO, I, who did this. 7. What ! How ! are expressed by TI (indecl.), as, TI vpaia Ma ! What a beautiful view ! rt Xa/wrpoV ! How splendid ! 8. Some one (indef.) can be rendered by T/S (indef.), as, fjiol dire riy, some one told me, I was told. The more usual rendering is by the third person singular passive, as, Xe'-yercu, it is said, or, the third person plural active, as, Xeyouo-t, they say. 9. As in French, the Negative Pronouns, navels (contrac- tion of Kal-av-ds), nobody, somebody, nore, never, TtiroTf, nothing, require a second negation with the Verb, as, 8 ii. It is worthy of notice that in the Modern Forms (fj.fva for f^f and eaeva for a-f the original v of the Accusa- tive is preserved. This v represents the Sanscrit m, as, mam, tvam. I 2 u6 Modern Greek. 98. THE VERB. 1. In Modern Greek there is no Middle Voice, but the Passive has in some cases a Reflexive and in others a Reci- procal force, as (l) vlm-a/mi, I wash myself; (2) dycnrapeda, we love one another. 2. Neuter Verbs are both Active and Passive in form, but cannot govern an object in the Accusative, epxM a '> I come ; Tnjyaiva), I go. 3. The Ancient Infinitive is rendered by va and the Sub- junctive, or by on and the Indicative. Thus #e'Xo> IXfalv is rendered $eXo> va e\6a> mo-reva aKoveiv is rendered Trioreuo) OTI 4. The Participles are much less frequently used. The language is more analytic. Thus fpxd^fvos t?8ov is rendered orav f]pxop.r)v eiSov ; but in some phrases the relative Pronoun and the Indicative in English is rendered by the Participle in Greek. The man who bears this letter, 6 (pepuv TTJV firiorToXrjV ravTrjv. 5. The distinction between the Tenses formed from the Present Stem (viz. the Imperfect, First Future, and First Conditional) and those formed from the Aorist Stem (viz. the Aorist, Second Future, and Second Conditional) must be carefully observed. The former have reference to repeated or continued action, the latter to an action to be performed once. Ex. $a Trijyaivco (First Future) eis rrjv 'A/cpoTroXii/ KO.& fKa(TTT)i>, I shall go to the Acropolis every day ; 6a virdyu (Second Future) 0-rjfj.fpov els rfp rpdnffav, I shall go to the Bank to- day (once) ; eypatpov (Imp.) orav fiV/JX^e, I was writing when he came in.; r^yepdrjv (Aor.) orav eloyXfa, I rose when he came in. 6. The Perfect is very seldom employed. The Aorist and Imperfect denote all stages of past time, thus, I have been Exercises on Rides of Syntax. 117 four times, and, I went four times, are both translated by the Aorist, vnfjya TfTpdms. EXERCISES ON THE FOREGOING RULES OF SYNTAX. I. TO AP0PON. 6\iyov '^dpt,, 8fv Svvarat TIS va s UVTTJV. Aev 8vvap.ai va o~ov 8ao~V fa>TepiKa>v 3 (1879). 'O dopvjBos TTJS 6a\do~crris. 'O avdpumos 6 OTTOLOS pevft tls TTJV oiKiav (Ivai avvfjdcios CVTVX^S. H evtpyttq. TTJS TovpKias K.CU TJ T>V Awd/iecoi/ faxov fTrippof/v eVl TOVTOV. 'O (rvljjyos TTJS (pepfTai TToXv acr^j;/ia 4 Trpbs Ta TfKva TOV, II. nAPATHPHSEIS EDI TON RTQ2EQN. *H X/^ijSos 5 ?fTo ytpaTT) (nXrjprjs) vtpov, uxne eScoica fiiav irarcra- ovpa 6 (tv fidxTpov} fls TOV vTrrjpeTrjv /cat TOV flirov va TTJV (nroyylar). Ta /zaXXti/a (poptpaTa tivai TO. 8poa-fpa>Tfpa 7 Kara TO Qepos. ToO w/i/X^aa, dXXa 8tv r]6f\ri- povvrat 1 VTTO Ttvatv on V7rrjpav rjfjLideoi. Ol (ppovipoi avdpumoi Kapvovv ficopias fviort. ~Eivai TTO\V p.aicpvTpa dirb 'Bpfvrriov fls ' A\fdv8p(iav fj an' ' A.0T)vu>v. EiVat KaXXiTepoi/ va vnayrj TIS 8ia fr/pgs 2 rj Sta 8a\dcr(rr)s. Ta ar/zoVXota TTJS TaXXiKfjs fraipias 3 tivai Ka\\iTfpa T>V aXXajv fTatpi>v. Ol 8po/j.oi. rrjs fivai TroXu j3po>fjifpoi* (aKa IV. API9MHTIKA. Tt a>pa fivai ; Hivai TeVtrapes. 'EKrunrja-ev 1^ Km /atcnj (jipi MaXiora trpo fifjucreias &pas. Kara TTOIOV eras eyfvvrjdr] 6 Tlirr ', 19 TO ^i'Xta fTrraKocrta Trevf/VTa tvvta Kal eyfive Trputdvirovpybs fls ra ^iXta eTrravdcrta oyborjKovra Ttcrcrapa. EIKOCTI ^iXtaSey crrparoi; TjBvvavro va StajSaxri ro crvvopa. V. ANTONYMIAI. 2as Xe'ya), Kvpie, ort eyw TrpeVfi m Xa^w ra ^pij/wira 5 *ai o^t eVfi *O^i, d(pfVTT), e eya> eKa/za oX?;t/ T^I/ tpya&iav. AUTO? OTI TO eix 6 ^ S<(r et? avTov. K.Tinrr)s ', Ti wpaia Trpona ! Ti KaXoy avQpoyrros irov fivai ! OvSeVoTe ij/fi>&(Tai, dXX' at Tr\rjpo~ (^opi'ai 11 TOV eifat OTeXfTf. Aei/ eXnjSof fVioroXar trqf 1 Are regarded. 2 By land (literally, dry). s Messageries Mari- times. 4 Dirty, foul. 5 That I ought to receive the money. e Master; a corruption of avOfVTTjs ; adopted by the Turks as a title and re-intro- duced by them into Greece. 7 I will hit you back. 8 To stab with a knife. 9 Dusty. 10 Has been stolen. u His information is incomplete. Exercises on Rules of Syntax. 119 VI. PHMATA. EKTvnr)6r]v l fv va ^or]6cafj.ev d\\T)\ovs (/Sojj&o/Lte&z) fdv crv fj.civrjs Trioro'r. 2 Ilijyatvft. va o-u/i/3ovXev$J7 TOV larpov. v H/cot><7u QTI 8ev fivai /caXa, wore rjKBov va epcoT^cro) nfp\ O.VTOV. Qa rrrjyaivrjTf 3 tls TO BfaTpov TOV %eifj.iova TOVTOV] O^t TOO-QV II Trovatore ' /car' ifalptoiv* AiapK.ovo-T]s Trjs firavao~rdo-fu>s 5 ol EXXr/ves fTro\(p.Tio-av yevvaieas. 'O avdpanros, 6 OTroio? e'XjyaTtv&y, 6 flvat 6 Tpa7ftiTT)s fJ.ov. Ai/p^frat rtr TOV naipov TOV evxapio-Tcas 7raia>v iridvo (K\et5o/ci;/i/3aXoi'), *E^co ypd\jsfi (eypa^a) fis roi' eV A.ovoiva> TrpaKTOpd 7 fiov. "Eypa^a o~f]fi.fpov r)T(av TTfpicro-OTepa XP*lP ara - Aeyoucrtc on 6d o-vfi^fj TTO\ITIKT] Kpto~is. AtaSi'Strai 8 on 6 TTpeo-ftvs (V Kcavo'TavTivoviToXfi. rraprjTridr) Kal OTI dvTiKaTeo-rddr] VTTO TOV A. KaTroios' fiol f'mev OTI r/o-0e fls TOV %opbv TTJV TrapeXQovo-av vvKTa. A

ia rhymes with Kapbia, without reference to any letter before the . PAKT II. DIALOGUES AND LETTERS. CONTENTS. DIALOGUES. PAGE 1. Ordinaiy Phrases 123 2. Travelling by Steamer (Corfu to the Piraeus) . . .124 3. Arrival at an Hotel 129 4. With a Greek Master J 3 2 5. With a Guide 135 6. Asking the Way 137 7. Presenting a Letter of Introduction 137 8. At the Post-Office 139 9. Athens. .......... 142 10. About a Family in which to Keside 145 11. With the Head of a Family (Terms, etc.). . . . 147 12. Arrival in a Family . . . . . . . .150 13. Meeting in the Street 151 14. In a Cafe* 152 15. With a Washerwoman. . . . . . . .154 1 6. In a Bookseller's . . . . . . . . 155 17. In a Stationer's . . . . . . ,. 157 1 8. Travelling in the Interior . . . . . . .158 19. Shooting . . . . . . . . . .162 122 Modern Greek. LETTERS. PAGE 1. Invitations. Answers . . . . , . .164 2. To the Director of the Post-Office 166 3. To a Greek Master 166 4. To Engage Rooms at an Hotel . . . . . .168 5. To a Doctor 168 6. Requesting a Letter of Introduction 170 7. To the Minister of the Interior, asking whether it is safe to travel in the Interior . . . . . .170 8. Reply to No. 7 . . 172 9. Information about Athens 172 PAET II. DIALOGUES. (1) ORDINARY PHRASES. Good morning. How do you do 1 How are you ] Good bye. Au revoir. Good night. Excaise me. It is mine. Give me that, please. I cannot understand you. Please repeat. Please speak slowly. Can you talk English, French, German, or Italian 1 Write it down. "What do you mean 1 I do not know. Very well. Splendid. Thank you. I am much obliged to you. You are most kind. Never mind. I do not care about that. I am very sorry. Please tell me your name. "Where do you live 1 "What o'clock is it ? When do you leave for Con- stantinople 1 iji/ Tj(j.fpav (pronounced KO\' T)fj.f'pa). It Ka/jLVfre', H>s (IcrOe j Xai'pere. KaXiji/ aira/xaxrii'. toprjv. Eivat IbiKov juov. Aoy fjLoi eKflvo, TrapaKaXw. Ai> 8vvafj,ai va eras ewojjtra). "ErravaXdjSfTe 7rapaKa\>. 'O/*i- \rjcraTf apya, 7rapacaXw. 'O/itXelre 'AyyXtKa, FaXXiKa, Fep- p.aviKa T) 'iraXiKa ; Tpd^fare TO. Tt twoflre ' } Aei/ IIoXv KaXd. Aa/i?rpa. Ei JLlffdf TTO\V KO\OS. AeV TTfipdfci. AeV pe peXei 81 aiiTo. A.VTTOVfJ.ai TToXv. EtTre pot. TO ovopd crov Tra Iloi; KaroiKfire ; Ti wpa f ij/at ' Ilore dpaj(tpf1rt 8ia rrjv 124 Dialogues. Take care. Go faster. Stop, IIpoVee. Hrjyaive ypqyoptorepa. coachman. Turn to the Srao-ou a/ia. right left. Wait. Return at Go on. ii p.m. How far is it ? apiorepa. npo^copft. nepi/xez/e. ' fig TUS fvftfKa p. fJL. TLotrov p.aKpav eivai', (2) TRAVELLING BY STEAMER. Corfu to the Piraeus. Has the steamer from Trieste arrived ? It will be late to-day, on account of the bad weather. When does the steamer for Piraeus sail 1 In two hours. Is the captain on board 1 I want to speak to him. Yes, sir; I will take you to him. Where is my cabin ? For how many persons, sir 1 I am alone. What luggage will you have in the cabin 1 I want all my luggage in. You are not allowed, sir, to have the large box in the cabin. TASEIAION (nEPIHFHSIS) Al' ATMOIIAOIOY. 'ATTO KepKiipas (Is Heipcua. f TO UT/J. JTrXoioj/ e/c Tep- G' apyrfcri} (rrjfJifpov Vxa rrjs KdKOKaipias. TLore ava^pfi TO uTp-orrXotov 8ia TOV Heipata ; Mera 8vo eopaj. 'O 7r\oiap)(os eivai els TO drp.6- TrXoiovj 0e\a) va TOV 6p.iXi^cra). MdAicTTa, Kvpif 6a o~as oSrjyfj&o) irpbs aiiTOv. Ilov flvai 6 6a\a.fiicrKos p.ov ', Am Trocra aro/jia, Kvpif ] Ei/xat p.6vos. Hold Trpay/xara (TTO/OS anoo~Kevas) KOV KTI TI. Ads me an omelette, some beef, /not piav 6pt\eTTav, d\iyov /3coSt- and a bottle of Corinthian vbv Kal piav (pid\T)v KopivdiaKov Avine. Kpavi. When will you have it, sir ? ndre TO. deXfTt, Kvpit ; At Once. As SOOn as we Start. IltzpavTa. Eii6vs apa dj/a^copijo-w- Let me be alone in the cabin 6e'Xa> vd rjpat pdvos, el if possible. rw 6a\apio-Kq>. There is only one sheet on the 'Yndpxei ev povov o-tvSovi els TO bed. KpeftftaTi. That is the custom here, sir. OVTGJ o-w(i6ifTai tvravda, Kvpit. I do not care what the custom A> pe pf\ei no'ia flvai f) a-vvr/dfta is : I insist upon having eWaC&r empfva) vd poi 806010-1, two. fivo. Give me a glass of water. Ac's poi tv iror^piov vfpd(v). Wake me to-morrow before Simvrjo-f pe avpiov irplv (pddo-ca- we reach Cephalcnia. pev fls TTJV KftpaXXrjviav. Wake me tO-morrow at &ix. Sinrvrja-e pe avpu.v fls TOS (. Are we in sight of Cepha- BXeVo/xej/ T^V Ke(pa\\rjviav ; Ionia? Yes, sir ; we shall arrive in MaXiora, Kvpie' 6d (p6do-u>pcv half-an-hour. peTa fjpiaeiav capav. Put some hot water in the BaXe o\iyov eo-rov vepov els TTJV basin, and clean my boots. \fndvrjv Kal Kadupio-ov (yvd pov. 126 Dialogues. Bring me some coffee and a &tpf pov oXiyov *ap.ev fls ras ud- rpas; We shall be there at 7 p.m. Qa (pdda-afjifv fKtl fls rds tnTa and stay till u p.m., and reach New Corinth at 6 to- ynpa. IIw? 6vop.dtTai TI 'ApyocrroXiov. Eti/at f] Trputrr] (popd, naff t)V *QX 1 ' rjXQov fls rfjv 'EXXaSa TrpoTtpov, dXX* oiiSfVore rjXdov did rrjs 68ov ravrrjs. H 6ea tivai (opaioraTri. To opoy at>r6 elvai fj.fyaXonp(irfS. IIou eii/at -f) 'idaKij ; Em fj.aKpdv irpos rd dpiartpd. Tt yvfj,vbs ftpaxos (pntverai.. 'H vrjcros avrij tivai r) Zdxvvdos j morrow morning. Do you intend to go ashore 1 p.. p.., tta p,ftva>fj,v pfXP 1 Tr ) s fv 8drr]S p.p.. KOI Gd p.fv fl rrjv Neav KopivGov fls rds e avptov TO TT/JCOI. i/d feX6r)Tf fls TT} Corfu to the Piraeus. 127 How much do you charge to take me on shore 1 Two francs. That is too much ; I will give you one. Very good, sir ; here is my boat. Bring that luggage. Have you put all my things in the boat 1 How many packages are there? Three, sir. There ought to be four. Look for the other. Now are you ready 1 ? Push off. There is a franc for you. Have I time to go to the Consul's before the steamer starts 1 Yes, sir. The steamer does not leave for four hours, and the Consul lives close by. Is this New Corinth 1 Yes. We have to disembark at once, and drive across the Isthmus. Shall I not have time to ascend Aero-Corinth 1 No ; the steamer sails from Kalamaki as soon as the passengers have crossed. Ilocra 6f\fis vd /x (va p.f aTTOjSt/Sacn/s 1 ) ' Auo (ppdyKa. Eii/ai Trapa TroXu' 6a trov Scocrw fva. EToXv aXa, Kvpif' efiw dvai fj avra ra Trpyp.ara. *E[3a\(s oXa TO. Tj-pdyp.ard fiov (Is TTJV \fpj3ov j Ilocra 8e'/j.ara (aTrocr/ceiiai) (ivai ] Tpi'u, nvpif. "'ErrpfTTf va TJVO.I reVcrapa' Ki/rra^f 8ia TO oXXo. Eicrat fToip.os Ta>pa ', ' v ti> fppdyKov. Kaipbv va VTrayco els TO HpofV(iov Trplv dvaxtopyo"!) TO ar/noTrXoioi/ j MaXtora, Kvpte' TO aTuon^oiov 8(v & dva^oDpfjcrr] napa p.fTa Tfcrcrapas u>pas, Ka\ 6 irpo^evos AUTT; etVai fj Ne'a Koptv6os', MaXiora' TrdpavTa Trpfnfi v diro- /SijSacr^co/Liej' xat va 8if\6d>fjiv e'^)' ap.d{-r)s TOV 'l&dpov. Aev 6a e^w Kaipov v ai/a^w fls TOV 'AltpOKOplvdoV ' } "OX 1 ' TO dTfj.oTT\oiov aj/a^ajpci IK. ToO KaXa/uaKtou tvdiis ap.a ol eVt/3drat 8ia/3wcri TOV I va [tiad /juav IdidJTiKfjv. Aaxrare fj e (ppdyxa. Tpo(po8oTa (770181), Trocra oXw 8'/ca (ppdyita, Kvpie. 'lov fv vdfiirrfj.a fJiOl (So'? fJ.Ol OTT/tTG)) SfKd. KVplf. 'l8ou TO JjfJLlO~V fVOS XopTOvofj.icrp.aTos TO>V S/(ca (ppdyKa fls Mot Bibfis ndpa TroXXa. Op^t, xvpie' TO ^apTOVo/itcr/ia Kal 6 ^aX/cos 1 fivai V7TOTfTip,T)p.fva. TvXi^e (Is xapTiov, 7rapaaXco, TOJ> x a ^ KOV TOIITOV. KaXa/xaKtov, "E^w dyayiov, ST tXe ai BfiXe ra Trpd.yfj.aTa JJLOV eVi TTJ (i/j.dr)s. Ta^ecor. Tprjyopa. Hr)yau>f Taxvrepov. M^ KTVTTOS (TO~I Ta dXoyci &ov. 'Eice'ivo elvai TO drfMOTrXoiov 8ia TOV Hfipcua ; 0a eV^St/Sacr^w Arrival at an Hotel. 129 Steward, I want some break- Tpo$o5oYa, &'Xa> va fast. Let me have some fish TIV \\ the hotel you recommend ? TO gevoftoxe'iov TO onoiov awi- orare ; The best hotels are in the To KaXXirepa |evoSo^ia Vat fls Square of the Constitution. T>/> uXaTflnv TOV SwrdyuaTos. Have you any rooms free 1 K Dialogues. We want a sitting room and two bed rooms. How much do you charge a day for the three rooms 1 The price is twelve francs a day for each person, includ- ing meals. Will you dine in the public dining-room 1 We prefer to have our meals in our own room. Let us have dinner immedi- ately ; we want to go to bed early. Make a good fire in the sitting room. We are covered with dust, I should like a bath. If you want it we have every- thing ready. Waiter, show the gentlemen their rooms. If you take the 1'ooms by the month, it will be much cheaper. Waiter, bring my luggage into my room. Where are my things ? Are you sure that the bed is quite dry 1 The sheets seem very damp. You must change the sheets. OfXofjifv \iiav aWovo~av Kal 8vo 8a>p.dTia TOV VTTVOV, Hoo~ov i]TflTf fKawrriv fjuf'pav 8 to. Ta Tpia Scoudrta '. C H TI/J.T) fivai 8a>8fKa (ppdyKa Kara .e TO 6eArre va yevpari^re fls TO va rpwyw/xei/ s TO da/umoi; /xar. *Ay Sein-vro-wxej/ evdvs' Qe *Ai/a\/fe KaXijt/ (pcoTiav fls T: alOovcrav. Ei'/*e$a KeKaXvp-fifvoi dnb fJ.aTlOV ftOV. TLov fivai TU Trpdyp-ard /JLOV ', Etcrat /3e/3aiof on TO *cp^/3drt fivai eVreXeoj (TTfyvdv ] Ta crivdovia (paivovrai vroXv vypd. Upenei v aXXd|^re ra (rivoovia. Arrival at an Hotel. 131 Tell the waiter to make the Ein-e fls TOV vTrrjptTrjv va fToip-dcrrj bed and air the room whilst TO Kpe/3(m KOI v dfpio-y TO I am Out. 8u>p.aTiov, eV w fl[J.ai eo>. There is no bell in the room. AeV v-rrdpxfi /ccoScoi/ fls TO Sw/xa- TLOV. At what o'clock d6 you wish Kara jrolav &>pav fmOvfj.f'iTe va to be called in the morning 1 o-as o-rjKtao-ow TTJV vpwtai ; I think I shall require another No/u'o> oVt 6a Xa/3o> dvd-yKtjv KU\ blanket on the bed. XXov xp a ^ ov (nww). My head is too low, bring me To KtzpdXt p.ov flvai rrd\v another pillow. Put out /pe ^on *cal ; the light. (irpoe'pe pov &O-TOV vfpov fls TUS half-past seven in the morn- mi KO\ rjnio-eiav TO nptat. ing. Where are my boots 1 lloC tivaiTa nami/To-id p.ov (TO Have my boots been cleaned 1 'EKa6apio-6r]crav TO. vnoSfmaTd I want more towels. GeXco I have forgotten my tooth 'E^ brush. Go and buy me one TO>I>. nfjyatvf va uov dyopdo-rjs as soon as you can. filav TO Taxinepov. Take my clothes and brush nape TO. povxd P.OV KCU geo-Kovio-e them. TO. My hair-brush is in the port- C H @ovpTo-a T&V p,ah\i>v flvai manteau. Have you found fls TO 8io-aKKiov. Evpfs TO my comb 1 KTWI p.ov ; Bring me some better soap. 4>f'pe (JLOV KoXXtVepoi/ o-anovvt. Put plenty of cold water in BaXf Sxptiovov Kpvov vepov els TO my bath. XouTpoi/ p.ov. K 2 I 3 2 Dialogues. I should like to have four candles instead of two. Would you prefer a lamp ? Waiter, bring me the bill. Have you made out our ac- count ] You charge a great deal. 'ETj-fdiifjiOvv va f\o> T(To-apas crrrepp-aTo-fTas (jcrjpia) dvrl Svo. IJpoTifiaTe piav \dfj.nav ' } ITatSi, (ptpf pov TOV \oyapiaa-p.6v. TOV \oyapiacra>iJitv TOVTO TrapaTfivovres TO re'Xos roO p.a- MdXtcrra, dXXa Sei> flvai TO avro Qa firipeivat va rjo-de r/Trore o"f]fj.fpov ; TOV FaXXwcoC TOVTOV 8pdfj.aTot. lo-0 TroXv eVt/zeXjjj KOI KapveTf TroXXas 1 npoodovs. Qa 8iopd O\ vo~Ttpov 6a 1 For words used in lesson, see Vocabulary, p. 267. With a Greek Master. Please write clearly, especially Tpd\f/aTf, TrapaKd\a>, Kadapd, Idi the kappa and the lamvtha. TO icdirna KCU TO \dp.$oa. The accent is wrong. Here is a mistake. TCIVTTJS ; 'H yevixr) TTJS Xe|eo>y Taints elvai IToios eiVat 6 evfO'Tas Trjs 6pio~- TlKr/S TOV pJ]fJ.aTOS TOVTOV j Qa TrupaTrjprio'd) els TO Xe^iKoV. Has op6oypd(p(Tai ] TIolov fivai \ ~ / . STfyvmcrov TTJV o-fXt'So TavTTjv. 6 Kov8v\tov. 'O TOVUTflOS fivai 'l8ov tv \ddos. What is the Genitive of this TLola dvai 17 yeviKi] TTJS word ? The Genitive of that word is not used. What is the Present Indica- tive of this verb 1 I will look it out in the dic- tionary. How is it spelt 1 What is the first letter 1 Blot that page. Wipe the pen. Have you a pencil ? Will you take the French Udpere, 7rapaKa\S>, TO copy; I will take the Greek, and you can translate aloud what you have just written. It will give you facility in finding the words. I cannot read it off in Greek very fast. Weil, try as fast as you can. I cannot remember the words at the moment, although I know them well. A little practice will remedy that difficulty. Bravo ! You are getting on capitally. I will say the dialogue I have learned. dvriypafav f'yw 6a ndpa) TO > vids 8e 8vvao-(o 'EX- XTJPIOTI TToXv oyprjyopa. oo~ov 8waaai AeV 8vvafj.ai va fvdvfj.mfj.ai TO.S \efis els Trjv a'Tiyfj.Tjv, fj,o\ov6ri KO\U>S TO.S yvcopifa. 'OXi'yj; npaKTiKri 6a dfpaneixrt] TTjV 8v(TKO\iaV TdVTTjV. Evyf. Upoftai'vfTe d^ioXoya. Qa e'lirta TOV 8id\oyov } TOV onolov ep.adov. '34 Dialogues. I will read the Enlish. 6' dvayv TO ' *As vnodea-a/jifv art t rtcrai, e^cov 8e 6a Ka/ii>o> TO fuas TT\vo~Tpas fj evbs evc Now I will say a sentence in TW/JO 0a Xey&> (ppda-iv nva 'E\- Greek, and you shall answer \rjviar}. KOI a-v 6d /not a me . Let us suppose that you are call ing upon mewithalet- ter of introduction. (See Con- versation on this subject.) I will take the part of a washer- woman or a hotel-keeper. Before next lesson I will learn two or three of the dialogues, and then I shall be able to understand and answer in those subjects. You can have the Vocabulary of the subject open before you. You will be able to find the word you require. I must read some modern poetry to get used to the pronunciation by accents. Very good ; we will try some of the extracts. Take care about the accented syllable, and the other syllables will take care of themselves. The pronunciation is difficult. Do I pronounce that right ] Not quite. You should learn a piece of poetry and say it aloud whilst you are dressing. IIpo [j.dda> ftvo 77 rpels 8ia\6yovs, Kal TOTS 6a r//j.ai iKavbs va tvvo> Kal v airavTO) els ra dvriKtifjifva Tavra. 'H/Mropfire va fx1 Tf TO ^'C*~ Xoyioj/ TOU StoXoyou TOVTOV avoiKTOv fvwTTiov o~as. Ot/ro> fie ^a Suvrjcrde va (vptopds Sia TOU TOVlCTflOV. TioKv Ka\d' 6a SoKt/iacrcojueV Tiva TO>V OTroo'Trao'/LiaTwi'. Tlpoa- fov els TTJV Toviop,fvr)v crv\\a- PTJV, Kal ai aXXat crvXXa&al 6a p.6vai TO>V 81 eavTas. 'H Trpo(popa flvai T6 (v Tfp.)(iov Troiarof Ka va TO ev co With a Guide. 135 I am tired of the house. Let us not lose this glorious day. We will go for a walk to- wards old Phalerum. With great pleasure. We can talk Greek all the way. I do not understand. Tell me what you said in English. Thanks ; now go on talking Greek. Be so good as to speak Greek. I did not come here to learn French. Please speak slowly and dis- tinctly. I am a little deaf. The time is up. I must be going away. When will you come again ? To-morrow at the same time 1 ? I fear it is impossible. I am engaged, but I will come in the evening at nine. Very good. I shall be ready. Please be punctual. Good- bye. At nine to-morrow. 'Ej3apvv6r)v TTJV oiKiav. *As pf) xd(TO)p.fv TTJV Xa/jorpav TO.VTTJV fjfjtepav. 0a nfpnraTf)(ji(v TTpos TO TraXaibv 3?a\rjpov. Mera p.(yd\r)s fl^apifrr^dfus. Avvdpfda va 6p.i\a>fj.ev 'EX\T)viKa Kaff o\r]V TTJV 686v. Atv fvvoa>. Afyf fJLOt O,TI enrts, 'AyyXtcrTi. ~Evxapi(TTO)' Topa r(rov va Ari/3Te TT)I> Ka\ocrvi>T)i> va 6[ 'E\\rjvu(d. Aev rj\6ov eSoi va fiddo) FaXXtAca. 'OfjitXetTf, irapaK(i\a>, dpya KOI Kadapd. Eipm 6\iyov Kaxfros. 'O xpovos iraprj\6e' npfirei v dva- iraXiv ; T^c avTr)v uipav avptov ', oj3oi5/iat ort ctvai abvvarov. "EX^CO Scotret uTrotr^ecrti', dXXa $a f\6a> TO fcnrepas fls Tag fvvtn. IIoXv caXa. 0a r)fj.ac erot/ioy. 'Eore, irapaKa\a>, aKpiftrjs fls TTJV a>pav. XalpfTe. \ourov avptov els TUS evvta. (5) WITH A GUIDE. I want a good guide, so that I may lose no time in asking my way. MET" OAHFOY. dvayajv KO\OV 6Sr;yo{! 8ia va fir) -)(dva> TOV Kaipov pov rjTv 136 Would you like one who can speak English 1 Certainly not. I want one who can speak Greek, that I may practise. Are you a guide 1 Yes, effendi. What do you charge a day? Six francs a day, sir. Do you recommend me this man ? Yes, sir, he is honest, and intelligent. Well, I shall hold you re- sponsible if he cheats me. I shall be here a week, and want to see all the most beautiful things well. You must always speak Greek. Not too fast. Re- peat what you said. Say it in French, in Italian, in English. What is that building hill street house ? What is the name of this square ? You must be here at eight to-morrow morning. Very good, sir, I will be punctual. Dialogues. 0eXeTC 68r]ybv ofuXovvra Be/3aiW o\i. QeXco oBrjybv 6p.i- Aowra TTJV 'EX\T]viKr)v 8ia va KafJLVG) ai fls ras O/CTCO. IIoXu KaXd, Kvpif, da rjpai Presenting a Letter of Introduction. 137 (6) ASKING THE WAY IN A OIIQ2 ZHTH2Hi TI2 TON TOWN. APOMON EN THt IIOAEI. Can you tell me where Mr. AVWKT& vd p.oi fin^re TTOV KOTOI- Coumoundouros lives 1 *ei 6 n. Kovp.ovv8ovpos ; Is this the house of Mr. Tri- C H olicia OVTT) elvai TOV K. Tpi- COUpis 1 Kovnrj ; Will you show me the way to Evapfa-Tflo-de va /xol Sei^re TOV the Railway Station to the 8p6/j.ov irpbs TOV "2,TaQp.bv TOV English Legation ] 2i8rjpo8p6fj.ov npbs TTJV \\y- Which door ought I to knock Uoiav Bvpav irpfirfi va atl Knock and go in. You will KTUTnjo-are Km eiVeX^re. 6a find a second door. tvprjTf 8tvTpav nopTav (6vpav). Go straight up the hill. n^ycuVre tcrta firdva> ds TOV \6(pov. (7) PRESENTING A LETTER EFXEIPISIS 2Y2TATIKH2 OF INTRODUCTION. EDI2TOAH2. Is it far to the house of Mr. Eivai paKpav r) olxia TOV K. 1 1 dflva ] No, sir, it will take three "O^i, Kuptf, dne^ei rpia \(TTTII //e minutes in a carriage. TTJV a^a^av. Drive to the house of Mr. Tpd/3a els TTJV olniav TOV K. Go and fetch a carriage ; n^yaii/e va (ptprjs piav choose a good one. Km 8idee p.iav Ka\f)v. Close the carriage. It is KXeio-e TTJV ap.aav. cold. \lfvxpa. Is Mr. at home ? 'O K. SfiJ/a dvai ds TO CTTTITI ; No, sir, he is out. *X l > ifvpif, fivai e|a> (o^co). 1 Proper Names are declined. i 3 8 Dialogties. At what hour shall I be most likely to find him ? When will he return 1 Not before dinner. Kara iroiav uipav flvai triQavbv va TOV evpco '. da emo'Tpe'^r} j ev da f7riaTpe\lsT) npb TOV ytvp.a- TOS. Give him this letter and my Ad? TOU TTJV emo-To\rjv Tavnjv xa\ card, and tell him I will call to - morrow morning at TO (Trio-Kfrrrfjpiov p.ov, KOI fine TOV OTI da Trepdcrat avpiov eiy TUS eleven. ei/Sexa. Very good, sir. HoXv xaXd, Kvpif. Please give him this letter napaKaXw bos TOV TTJV eVtoro- and ask him if he will see me. How do you do, sir 1 I am delighted to receive any one who has a letter from my \fjv TUVTTJV KOI (poi 6f\y va /ne iSj;. Tt Kapverf, s o-as TTO\U, dXX' v raised to go with a friend to the Syllogue Parnassus to hear a lecture. o-xtrjv v viryv p.tr TWOS (pi\ov p.ov fls TOV ' Hapvao-o-ov ' OTTOS OKOVO-CO SiaTptfirjv Tiva. You do not lose time. The Aev ^aVere Kaipov. Oi trtJXXoyoi tlvai V f(prjfjLtpi8av KOI bvvaa-Ge vd (IcrcXAjrv. Upend v aj/a^wp^aco ra>pa, Kvpif. To irp6ytvp.a irapariBfrai fls TO ^fj/oSo^elov fls TOS ZvSfKa. Xeu'pere. 6a XajSa) T^V TL^V vd avpiov. 'Edv 8vvap.m vd irpdi-a TI imep vp.)v, ads irapaKa\> TOV Spo/zoi/. lifitTTfi vd yvpurgrt f8S> Trpbs TO dpiV 'E 140 Dialogues. You will easily recognise it a TO dvayvcopio-fJTe evxoXa dno by the crowd. TOV TroXui/ Kocrpov. Is it that building just above MIJTTCOJ ewai TO KTipiov (Kelvo the English Embassy and the d/fpi/3a>s Traparrdz/w dnb TJ}V ayyXiKrjv npecrfifiav Kal TO ypa- (pelov TTJS 'E(j)T)pfpto'os ', Yes, sir ; it is at the corner above. (Trdvco ycoviav. When does the post leave for ndYe dra^wpei TO England ? office of the ' Ephemeris ' ? M(iXio~Ta, Kvpif, flvat els TTJV On Thursday and Saturday at 6 p.m. The postage is 30 lepta for abroad. 8ia TTJV 'AyyXt'ai' ; rfjv HffjnrTrjv Kal TO els ray e p., p. Ta Ta^u- Te'X; eivai TpiaKovra \enTa 8ia TO e^COTfplKOV. When do letters reach Eng- IJoVe (frddvow al eVto-ToXai els land? They take about a week. A letter posted on Thursday reaches London on Wednes- day, and one posted on Saturday will be received on the following Saturday. When does the mail arrive from England? On Thursday and Saturday morning. You have only a few hours to write replies. For Greece, the postage is only 20 lepta. Give me three stamps of 30 lepta and two of 20. Is that right ? TTJV 'AyyXiav ; pfiafoirat p.iav irov. Mia e'TnoroXi) els TO Ta^v8pofj,flov TrjV TIe[j.TrTT)v (pddvfi els Aov8~tvov TTJV TfTa'p- TT]v, Kai aXX?j pxpflflcra (Is TO Ta^uSpo/iftoi' TO 2a/3/3aToi> > 6a \T)(pd>j TO fTTO/JifVOV 2d/3/3aTOI>. dre (pddvfi TO Ta^vSpo/xeToj/ e' rrjv Kal TO 2d/3/3aroi> TO 'OX/yay povov &pas Trjv n Trp&n. Aia Trjv 'EXXdSa Ta Ta^vo'pop.iKa Te\rj elvai fiovov eiicocri XfTTTa. Adr poi Tpla ypappaToo-rjpa TCOV Tpidxovra \enTcov Kal 8vo TCOV flKOCTl. ~Eivai The Post Office. 141 No, sir ; you must put on *Oxi, Kvpif, Trpen-et another 60 lepta. OKO/^ !/ TO>V But it is ' Papiers d' Affaires,' 'AXX' elvai Manuscript. You must write it on the outside, and leave the ends open. Then it will be suffi- ciently stamped. Are there any letters for me 1 MTJTTCOJ inrdpxova-iv eVtoroXai 5i' fp.e ; UpeTffi va TO ypd\lsr)T( drr' ea> Kal v d(f)t]O-r]Tf TO. aKpa di ToTe $a exj] TO npeirov What is your name, sir ? There is my card. No, sir, there are none. Kvpif ', 'l8ov p.ov. i, Kvpif' 8(i> i If any come, will you send 'Eai> eX$com' rives, them to the Hotel d'Angle- terre des Etrangers New York ; and please send them as early as possible, as they may be important, and re- quire answers. You can rely upon me, sir. Take these letters to the post and stamp them. Ask whether the post has arrived. No, sir; the boat has been detained by bad weather. va ras irfp\rr)Te (Is TO evo8o- \flov rrjs "AyyAtas TOW SeVcoi/ TTJS Near 'Yapps' ai Trapa- KaXw (TTfiXare ras TO Ta%v- Tfpov, SiOTt terms eivai cnrov8aiai Kal jfppfouero' dnavTi](res. MetVaTe fjcrv^os, Kvpie, Kal 6f\a> (ppOVTl(Tfl. Hrj-yaivf ras emcrroXay Tavras tls f'ioi' Kal ^aXe 'Epoirrja-ov tav TO O^i, Kvpie' T vo-Tfprja-fv W*a 142 Dialogues. (9) ATHENS. AI A6HNAI. The Museums are open to the Ta Movo-fla elvai OVOIKTO. (dvoi- public on certain days in the yovrai) 8ia TO KOIVW naff wpicr- week. ftevas fjfj.fpas Trjs e; Is the Mycenae collection on 'Eer$7 17 o-vXXoyij TU>I view at Athens? els 'Adfjvas Trpbs 6eav ; Yes ; it is in the Polytechnic. MdXiora' elvai tls TO There is a large piece of Mo- saic in the Royal Garden in a good state of preserva- tion. There is a fine collection of ancient coins in the Univer- sity. Some interesting discoveries have been made in the recent excavations on the southern side of the Acro- polis. There has been an attempt to revive the Olympian Games in the Stadium. Plato's Academia, and Co- lonus, the scene of one of Sophocles' plays, are within an easy walk of the city. The best view of Athens is from the top of Lycabettus. You can reach the top in half an hour. p.*ya Moxrakoi/ roG /Sao-tXiKoO Kfjnov, fievov eV KaXr &>/Wa o-v\\oyrj 'Snovbaiai Tives dvait VOVTO els TO.S e'crvdi vyeis eye- yevopevas TrXevpdv TTJS ' 'EyeveTO irpoo~7rddeid TIS va eira- 'iv ev rw SraSi'o) 01 yaives. 'H 'AKaSTj/ii'a TOV nXorcoi-o? (cat 6 KoXcoi/o'y, 17 o-Krjvr) fnias Tpaya&ius TOV SocpoKXeovs, Ktlvrai fls p.iKpav dnotTTatTiv en Ttjs TTO- Xewj. 'H wpaioTtpa 6ea T>V 'Adrjv^v eivai (K TTJS KopvCprjs TOV AVKO- jS^TOU. Avi/atr^e v dvafirJTe els Triv Kopv- A thens. 143 Mars Hill is on the other side 'O "Apo? IJa'yo?, (6 \6os TOV of the town, close to the "Apews) tivai 71736? T^V (t\\T]V Acropolis. TT\fvpav TTJS TrdXewy, Trs The view of the Temple of 'H &a TOV Qrja-fiov flvai TTO\V Theseus is very fine from apata e TOV o-iS^poSpo'/uou aua the train as you enter the fla-eXOere fls TOV ora^/xoV. station. The Ceramicus is also very *O KepapeiKos elvai eVc'cr^s TTO\V near the railway station. nXija-iov TOV o-ra^/xoO TOV o-i8rj- There are some fine monu- ments in it well preserved. It takes a long day to drive to Marathon and back. Eleusis, through the pass of Daphne and along the Sacred Way, is not too far for a good walker. On Easter Tuesday the annual fete at Megara is held. Many strangers go there to see the peasants dance. The costume of the peasants is very picturesque. Another delightful excursion is to mount Pentelicus. To be at the top in time to see the sun rise, one must sleep overnight at the monastery at the foot. ev aurw TWO. /w;/ma K(i\5>s 8iaTT)povpeva. Xpeiaerva KOI va iirurrpfyfl, 'H 'EXeuo-Jy 810 TOV a-Tfvov TOV KOI 8ia TTJS If pas 6dov TTO\V aKav Sia Ka\6v fopTT) fls TO. Mfyapa. IIoXXoi tvoi Trrjyalvovv e'/cel va t'Scotrt TOVS ^wpiKOv? va xP v ~ &>(Tl. At fv8vfiao-iai TCOV ^coptKou/ dvai ypaTaTai. AAA?7 fv^dpio-Tos fK^popr] flvai fls TTJV HfVTfXrjv. Ata va pala, dXX' o) Tepov fKTeTOfjievT] TTJS deas rrjt 'Enedv/Jiovv va VTrdya) els rag MVKTJVOS. Eivai evKO\ov va virdyrj TIS (Kfl C H evKoXcorepa 68bs flvai 8ia ^aXao-o-^s ^XP 1 NawrX/ou, OTTOU 7rpm va /uio-$a> * ev 'EXXaSt. 'Yirdyei TIS evros Svo a>pS>v e^iTT- TTOS % e'0' a^d^s K TTJS Kopiv- 6ov els TO KaXa/^aKi, o^ei' TO dr/idn-Xoioi/ pa>i>. Hoiav &pav TOV erovs Ga ege\e- yere 8ia Tat-ei8iov ev TW eacore- ai TJJS Residence in a Family. 145 \fyov KOI va rpcoyco. Aev uavddvfi TIS 'EXXrjviKO. KOT- oiv. Qe\a> va TOVS aKOvia va c^uAcocri >ca( va 6/iiXto /cat eya) Trpos avrovs. G. "AXXo, Kvpie, 8ev flvai (rvvrj- 6(ia e'Sai va ^e'^coi/rat (vovs. Ta tdiud fj.at et'cat TroXv Sicetpopf- riKa. Aef 6a eras ettat TroXi dvanavriKov. 146 Dialogues. E. It is the Only way to learn Greek quickly, and I shall adopt it, whether I am comfortable or not. E. EiVat 6 p.6vos rpoTroy va p.ddrj TIS 'E\\T]viKa Ta^ews, KOI da TOV TrapaSex&o ei're da gvat evupecr- TOV fire 8ev 6a f/vai. G. I admire your determina- G. 9av/zaco rfv tion. But in a few days uas. *AXX' euros oXiyav rjue- yOU will return to your pmv da eVtcn-pe^Te fls TO hotel. {-evo8o-xel.ov. E. We shall see. In the meantime, how am I to find a family? E. 0a 18v pc I fear it will be difficult. Povpai OTI da yvai 8vo-KO\ov. E. I think I shall put an E. No/i/fu ort da Kara^wpi'o-w advertisement in the "Gpa. fidonolrjcriv Ttva (Is TTJV '"Qpav\ G. Such a thing was never G. Totovrdi/ ri ouSen-ore rjKOva-drj. heard of. It is impossible. Eivai d8vvaTov. E. If it is extraordinary it E. 'Eai* yvai Trapd8ogov da e\- will attract attention, and that is the object of an advertisement. G. But only a low class of G. 'AXXa rdrf p.ovov fj KOTCO Tais people will answer the ad- TOV XaoO da Xa/3?; 1^77' fyw TTJV vertisement. E. Well, I shall go and see them and judge for myself. I am determined, so come TTJV Kal OVTOS tlvai 6 (TKOTTOS p.ids and help me write the ad- vertisement. 'An Englishman desires to enter a Greek family. He requires two rooms, and E. IloXii xaXa, a tTruyco va TOVS t6'a> Kat va Kpiva) p.dvos fiov. Eifj.ai aTroc^acrtcr/ieVos, wezre eXa va ypd^l/a) TIJV '"AyyXcs TIS firtdvad va (iafX&rj f'is Tiva e\\r)viK^v oiKoytvfiav. dvdyKTjv 8110 Sw/iaricoi' /cat Residence in a Family. wishes to take his meals with the members of the family, in order to talk Gre*ek. Terms, 300 francs a month. Address, M. A. Hotel des Etrangers.' G. Yes, I think that will do ; 300 francs a month is quite enough . E. They ought to include in- struction for that sum. In France, Germany, and Italy I paid much less. fTri6vfjLfl va rpasyrj pera T>V fjLfhwv Tijs oiKoyevt las OTTOOJ 6/xt- XT; {X\r)viK.d. TIJU^ 300 (ppdyKa TOV fj.r)va. &ifvdvvo~is M.A. G. MaXicrra, vouifa ort e^a KaXcos' 300 (ppdy oua>s 8fv dvai custom, and you must pay Ka\ Trpfnfi va wXrjpcaa-^Te rather more. Give the ad- vertisement to this man ; he will take it to the office, and pay what is due. crorepov. Aore TTJV fidoTroirjcriv fls TOV nvdpcanov TOVTOV, o(ms 6a TTJV vnayrj fls TO ypa(pfloi> ~T] TO irpevov. K.a.1 6a (11) CONVERSATION WITH THE HEAD OF A FAMILY. SYNAIAAESIS ME TINA 01- KOFENEIAPKHN. G. I have seen your adver- G. E$W, Kvpie, TTJV tisement in the paper, sir. d rpo>ya> [J.av craj ; G. ^o^ovuai.oTi6drjvai8ii(TKo\ov. E. 'AXX.' fivai dvdyKr]. f^vrrov^at Se Stori Sec crvfji(pa>vovuv. Xm- ptrf, Kvpie. G. MaX lora, kvpie , av T}fj.noprfTf va Tpa>yrjTe ra e'XX^i/tKU p,as (payrjrd. E. AeV ue ue\fi 8id r/7rore, (pfldvei uovov fj otKt'a va fjvai Kadapd. G. UpoyevnaTi^ofjifV els rds 11.45 Ka ' yfvnaTiopfv els rds 6. frjv 7rpa>iav 6d -nivrjTf Ka(pe \ JT\\ Kai o. n aAAo E. Ai >pai avrai flvai iro\i> TaXX^Xot fit* tfif. Ti TOV fif/va (81 exacrrov G. AeV 8vvafj,at va repov T>V 35 4 > P^7 Ka)V K p.rjva, Kal (ras /3f/3atw on E. Tore eicr^e TroXu KOKOS OIKO- Kvprjs. Aec St'Sco irepicrcroTepov TU>V 300 (ppdyxcav Kara prjva fit* oXa, Kal tvvoa> vd uol 8i8rjTf eXXrjviKov p.d6rjfMa p.ids &pas Kaff e OTTO rovy Tlapicriovs, KOI o/icos eVcet eir\riptivoi> 300 (ppdy da K(p8i](T(i> ((cepS/ao)) ri- TTOTf. Qa 8(%du> VTTO TOV opov va o prjvas TOv E. 'H^TTopai va VTTOtpe oXXo a/^ieo-co?. * 1 ri (s avra TO. o-vprpia ; Avoige a-Kfvodr]Krjv (TO VTOV- AaVi). GeXw va Kpffida-u TO KaddpLO-ov, TrapaKa\a>, Ta vTroSq- (j.aTa p.ov Kal Qmvr\epe p.ov oXiyov feoToi' vtpbv fita HoYe 6a rjvai fToip.ov TO yfvp,a ', '"Hpyrjarfv fj8rj fv TfTapTOV TTJS &pas. 'O dtpevTTjs (OIK AeV fie fj.e\fi. AeV f)fj,Tropu> va Trepip-fvo). Bia^o/iat. BaXe TO (payrjTov fls TO Tpanffr. 2as dpto-Kfi TO (payrjTov TOVTO ', MaXtara, p. apfffnovv oXa TO Xa^awxa, ISicas TO. fyaaovkia. Qf\(T( okiyrjv ffaXflTaf /Lie TO see Vocabulary, p. 253.) Meeting in tJie Street. Thanks, I have finished. Will you excuse me 1 I must go out at once. The Theatre begins at 8, and it is twenty minutes' walk. At what o'clock shall you be back? About 1 1 ; but I had better take a key, so that the ser- vants need not sit up. Give me the key of the front door. If the dogs bark at you, throw a stone at them, and they will run away as fast as they can. Thanks ; I have iny stick. I am not afraid. Ga fj.f (TvyxwpTjcnjTf ; IZpeVei va ff\6a> dp.f(rs. To dearpov dp^i^et (Is ras OKTU> KOI Trperrei va. j$a$icru> TLolav tapav 6a Vtcrr/3\|^Te ] Ilepi ras ev8fK.a dXXa repov i/a Trdpat (va K\fi8l, 8ia va fj.fj pevovv ol vTryperai aypv- TTVOl. Ady IJMI. TO K\fi8iov rrjs (fJLrrpo(T- 6u>rJ flvpas. "Eav TO. CTKvXtg era? yavyi^ovcn ptyarf fjiiav TreTpav KOI 6a (pvyovv TO raxyrepov. ' e^co TTJV paftSov /ion. (13) MEETING IN THE STREET. 2YNANTH2I2 KAe' OAON. How do you do 1 How are Tt icap-vere ; Tins elade ; you? Very well, thanks ; and you ? ZIoXv KaXd, (vxapurrw' vfieis 8t ; I have a bad cold. E^ai 770X1; Kpvo\oyrjfj.evos. I am very sorry to hear it. AvTrov^ai TroXv aKovav rovro. Well, and how are you getting Kai TTUS TrrjyaiveTe tls ra 'EX\rj- on in Greek ? VIKU ; 152 Dialogues. Capitally. The language is Aaairpa. Etvai fvxdpio-ros y\S>o~- very pleasant and not so o-a Kal o^i TOO-OV Svo-KoXoy oo-ov difficult as I expected. ev6fj.iov. One learns without working Mavddvei TIS if one talks Greek all day edv 6/itXi/ TTJV rffiepav Kat TI vea long. AVell, what news is there 1 Not much. I fear there will be war, however; the peo- ple are excited. Have you heard the report that Moukhtar Pacha, the Commissioner for the Rec- tification of the Frontier, has retired, and will be replaced by Said Pacha 1 ? It cannot be true, Said Pacha will not leave Constantino- ple. ndXtr. I heard it on good authority. To rjnowa e* TOVTOIS OTI 6a yeivrj TrdXe/ioj' 6 Xaos Tie.' eivai egrjfj.fj.fvos. KOvfrare rfjv ftSrjcriv OTI 6 MOVK- rap nacras, o fTTiTpoiros eVl rijs TU>V (Tvvopcw Kal on 6d dvriKara- VTTO roO 2atS iraaa. ', lvai 8vvar6v v n\r)6fvrj. 'O irrjyrjs. (14) IN A CAF& Which is the best Cafe here ? The Cafes Solon and Kout- soukos are the best. You must go past the Chamber and straight on down the hill. They are in the Place de la Concorde. EI2 KA4>EIGN (KASENEION). IToioi' elvai TO KaXkiTepov Ka(pflov (teacpfvf'iov} emavda ', Ta KCHpf'ia. roil SoXcavoj, Acal roO ~K.ovrcrovK.ov tivai TO. KaXXiYepa. Upend va -rrepdcrrjTf TT)V Bov\f]v Kal va KaTaj3r)Tf 1- ers. trw) TOVS VTnjpeVas TOV Kafpeiov. AVaiter, bring me a sweet- IlatSi, (pep* p.ov li/ y\vKio-fj.a, meat, a glass of water, and ev TTOT^PLOV vSaros *cai TO a- the chess. Tpimov. What is that liqueur they Ti TTOTOV elvai e'/ceji/o TO OTTO'IOV are drinking 1 nivovai ; It is ' mastique.' Eti/at /iaaT/^a. Tell the boot-black to come EOTC TOV \ovo-Tpov va e\drj. *E, here. Here, Loot-black ! \ovo-Tpe ! Here, cab ! Drive to the club. 'A/*aa, eXa e'Sw. Tpd/3a eis TTJV Have you any English news- "E^ere dyy\u- irpoTip.^ tv TTOVpOV. Are you ready 1 Let us go. E?o-#e (TOI^OS ; *As vTrdy 154 Dialogues. (15) WITH A WASHERWOMAN. How soon can you let me have my linen back 1 I cannot send the shirts before Thursday, sir. The other things you can have to-mor- row. Very good, but you must promise them for Thursday evening. There is a list of my things. 7 shirts, 7 collars, 5 pair of socks, 1 2 pockethaudkerchiefs, 2 pair of drawers, 3 undervests, 6 white ties. You may put as much starch as you like into the shirt- fronts. I forgot to ask how much you charge. My prices, sir, are rather high, but the washing, sir, will be thoroughly well done. Very good. I trust to you, and remember, not later than six on Thursday. Certainly, sir, without fail. ME HAY2TPAN. Eif TTOCTOV xpovov rj^nopfls va P.OII (7rt va eras TO VTTOKafjLicra irpb rfjs Kvpif. Ta aXXa pov%a jj/iTropcire va ra t^re avpiov. HoXii KaXa, aXXa Trpeirei va lito- rjs, on 6a ra (pfpys TTJV TO fcnrepas. 'l8ov 6 /cardXoyos T>V pov^v pov. 7 VTroKa/jtia- 7 KoXXdpot (Tre 5 C ^y? KaXrcrwi', 1 2 //afS^Xia (J>iv6p.aKTpaJ, 2 fVaj/Spa/ea, 3 (pav(\(g, 6 aenrpoi Xa/no8Yai. 'H/iTropfTs va jSaX^y OOTJV KO\\OV 6e\is (h ra iTtiv 'E\T)- X?7 TTJS TrdXecor YTrdpftovcri 8vo KaXa /3(/3Xio7ra>- Xeia, Ktlfuva TO ei> 7r\r]o~ioi> TOV (TWlOTOTf ] epy e%(i geva /SijSX/cr ds 'O oXa TO. fXXrjvtKa /3i/3- Xia, TU>V oirouav fX fT( dvdyKrjv. Gf'Xco v dyopdcrai TTJV ' HaTTicro-av '1&awav vnb 'PotSov, 77 pol \eyovv flvai TTO\V ( MaXttrra, eivai TO tv(pvffJLa>8ias TWOS TOV SapSou. ' ' Avayvuxrare p.fTCL TrpOffO^TJS piaV O~KT)Vr]V KOI fls TOS dvo yXu>o-o-as. KXei'traTe (K. TOV FaXXlKOV. Ti Xa/iTrpoj TpoTros ! 6d Ka/J.r} (VTf\a>s 8iao-Kf8ao-TiKT)i>. MaXjaTa Kai 8td TOU Tponov TOV- TTJS y\a>o~o-r]s tvros Dialogues. When you can read easily, you ought to begin the history of Greece, by Paparrigopou- los, a really great work, or the History of the Revolu- tion, by Tricoupis. "OTUV 8vvr)6riTf v dvayi (VKo\a>s, -nptirfi v dpxicrr)T TTJV 'lo~Topiav TTJS 'EXXaSoy VTTO K. (pyov, fj TIJV 'iaTOpiav 2. TpiKoinrrj. AXX' tTTiQvfj.S> va Jidda KOTI Ttepl 'EXXa'Soy rrdpavTa. ri 8vo yea fpya' TJ ' Nea 'EXXa?' LITTO AovSojStKou 2ep(i>r KOI T) ' 'EXXa? oia (ivai inrb yiapdiTivrj. 'AfJL els TO A.ov8lvov va pav OTCtXoW ff aVTlTVITOV. Thank you, and please send 2as f^apta- /cai it to the Hotel des Etraugers Tre'^are TO els TO ev for me as soon as you receive it. "EXXr/ves Ttjs TaKfpfj-av, 6 oirolos TJTO irpf(TJ3vs TTJS 'Ap.fpiKr]s ev Adrjvais. Eivai \iav fv)(iipL. Ge'Xeo p.fya\f'iTfpov ^aprl drrb TOVTO KCli [teplKOVS v\\a' Kii^j.- vfi TO SXov ev (ppayKov. Qa cray ficocra) ^aXfcoi/. Tore Kap.vei tv (ppdyKOv Kal fiwa- TTfiTf XfTrrd' 6 aX6y elvai fls dvdyKrjv aXXov TIVOS, TO onolov va dvvapai va o~as TrwXij- crw TTJV Trpwiav Tavrrjv ', MdXitrra, ^e'Xw oXiyoi' ftovXoKfpt Kal oo-rifs. ai aKovutv OTI OCTTLfS. Atari ', Eti/at TTO\V >o/o/tat on itfvas TOII J. dyy\iKas 158 Dialogues. No, sir; but you will find "O^i, Kupte, ciXXa 6a eupr/Te Tav- these very good. TOS I will try a few. Wrap them 9a 6 up with some blotting-paper. TOS ^e d\iyr>v I cannot bear the sand you Aei/ fiwa/*cu va incept pa TTJV use in this country. 0/j.fj.ov, TTJV onoiav ^Tu^fipi- fO-0f fls TOV TOTTOV TOVTOV. Where shall I send the parcel Uov va o-Tf tX aXoyo, everything for 80 francs a Tpotpyv KOI TCI iravra 8ia 6y8o- day, for all. f/vra (ppdyKa Trjv rjiJLfpav 81 o\ovs. Travelling in the Interior. 159 That seems a great deal, but I will ask my friends. We accept. We shall start from Katacolo and ride across to Nauplia and Epidaurus. That is a beautiful journey. You will see the plain of Olympia, the temple of Apollo Epikourios at Bassse, Argos, Mycenae, and Tiryns. You can return from Nauplia to the Piraeus, or ride to Epidaurus and take a boat there. We must ride faster, or it will be dark before we i-each Argos. No, sir, the horses cannot gallop. They must. Drop the bridle. Is anybody there 1 Ostler ! Put our horses in the stable. Is there a house here, where we can pass the night 1 Yes, sir, follow me. We wish to sleep here, have you a clean room 1 Yes, sir, here is a beautiful room, but it has no beds. Fortunately I have brought one. Mot (palvovrai TroXXd, dAXa 6d fpajT/jaxu rovs (f)i\ovs fjiov. Ae^o/ze^a. 0' dVa^wpijo-w/jf v OTTO TO KcmiKcoXoi/ Kat 6d \nrd- ycop.fi/ eepiTTTTOt eis NauTrXtov Kat Eivai atpdlov Tafi8iov. rfjv TtfBidda TTJS 'OXu/iTriay, TOV vaov rov Errixovpeiov ATroX- Xcovoj, TO "Apyos, ras MvKrjvas Kal rrfv Tipvvda, 'H/Lt7ropetTe va fTfavfXdrjTf Sta NavTrX/ou els Iletpaia ^ va i>7rdyr]T (ipi-mroi fls 'ETriSavpov Kat eVcet va Tra fj.iav Xe/i/3oi/. ripeVf t va TropevOtH aXXwy 6a vvKTaxrrj irpiv r) (pdd- iifv et? TO "Apyos. "O^i, Kvpif, ra aXoya 5e/ ^/ povv va Ka\7rdcr ; ImroKO BdXe TO oXoyd par eifToi/ YTTfip^et Kap.p.[a oiKia tvrav&a, onov va 8vvT)6a>p.ev vd &ie\6a>ftev TTjV VVKTO ', MriXiora, Kvpie, duoXovdrjcraTf p.e. ''Eiridvaov/Jiev vd KOip,T]dS>fj.ev ev- ravda, e^ere Kadapbv Scop.aTtoi' ; MdAtaTa, Kvpi(,l8ov a>palov 8S f'yw ( TOV Stfp/xrjj/ea. Would you like potatoes ? The meat is not cooked enough. Cook it a little more. Send cur dragoman here. Give me a light. What have we to pay ? 100 francs, sir. Show me the bill. I will cor- rect it. Pay him 50 francs. It is enough. There are 50 francs. Take them and let me go. Get out of the way. Drive on, coachman. Let him talk. Hold your tongue. I shall not listen. We ought all to have brought our own beds, and as much food as possible. The hotels are abominable. Order three horses, two for gentlemen and one for a lady, to be ready to-morrow at seven o'clock, if it is fine. Would you not prefer a mule, they are more sure-footed ? No, a mule is so uncomfort- able to ride. Aos Ti KVplf. Aft^w fj.oi rbv KardXoyov. Qa TOV 8iop6u>cra>. TlXijpuxTaTf TOV TTfVTrjKovra (ppdy- Ka. Eivai dpKerd. I8ov 7Tvf)VTa (ppdyKa. Tldpe ra KCU a(f)fs pe va . <$>vye an e/nTrpoy /xou. Tp/3a, duaa. "Afprjcre rov va *Eirpfrre va (pfpupev 0X01 TO Kpe3- /3s @aXp.fvr). 'H a>i>Tj TTJS o-fXas fivai vaxrrd ', 2vr)v (TTJV vyyXav). e T ^] V ^VTjV \(O~(pl;6 TTJV To yntyna ravra fivai TroXv it.iK.pd. Ta Tjvia fivai TroXu To aXoyov TOVTO e^et dc TJCTV^OV ', XwXai'j/ft oklyov. O%i, Kvpif, rravTOTf eVft Ta TreraXa ravra fivai KaXd ', KpaTrjo-f TOVTO TO aXoyof, ev TTJV Kvpiav v dvaj3fj. OoTjyei TO aXoyov p.e Tas d?ro- o~Kfvds. Awd/xe^a va 8ia^S)fj.fv tvTavda TOV TTOTOflOV ', MaXiora, cvpte, f\fi p.6vov dvo no8oiiv fiddos. 2TfIXe Sia TOV TraTnrav TOV ^taplov TOV 8i8dcrKaXov TOV Trpov- %ovTa TOV ArjfjLapxov. KaXijuepa, Kvpif, f7ri6vp.ovp.fv va dif\dd)p.fv TTJV VVKTU evravda. KaXwj utpicrarf. Ta irpos dvd- Travo~iv ftvai e' Tiva TrapaKaXovp-fv vet pas obrjyrjcrr]. Tloaov fiaKpav fivai eco? eis TO NavTrXtov J M 1 62 Dialogues. How many hours shall we ndo-aj &pas 6d /ca take to reach Mycenae on /zei> ds ras MvKfj horseback ? The road is very steep and 'H 68bs elvai no\v narrow. (19) SHOOTING. Where is the wind ? It is in the north. We shall have good sport. It is in the south. The birds will be up in the mountains. It is no use going out. Have you got my cartridges 1 Fetch the dogs from the boat. Have you loaded the gun the rifle ? Bird on the left on the right. Do you see where they went 1 They have gone over the mountain. I have hit him. I have wounded him. Look out. There's a pig in those bushes. Keep the dogs back. Don't make a noise. There he is. Come along, he is wounded. He cannot get away. KYNHHON. 'Arro TTOU et^ai 6 ai/f/xoj ' Eii/at jSdpeior. a e^w^iej/ Ka\6v Kvvfjyiov. Eti/ai VOTLOS. Ta TrovXia $a rjvai els TO. /3owd. Eti/ai dv TO. fpe TO. cKi (TO oir\ov) ] Ev 77OU\i TTpOS TO dptCTTfpd - eta. BXeVere TTOV vrrfjyov j VTTfp TO OpOS. To eTrerua. To eVX Tlpoa-f^e. 'iSov tK(l ev yovpovvi flS TOVS /SaTOVS fKflVOVS. KpaTrjcrov OTrtVo TO. (TKV\id. M^ Kafirjs dopv/Bov. 'Efcei fivai. Na TO ! 'AKoXovOrjcrov, firhrjyudr]. Aev va y\VToxrr]. Shooting. 163 Give me my knife. Take care, sir. All right. I am ready. Well, how many woodcocks did you get ? It was too warm or wood- cocks. They are in the mountains. Is there any game in that country 1 The wood is full of game. Take the bag back to the yacht and get dinner ready. We shall be back in an hour. Aoy fj-ov TO fj.axo.lpi p.ov. IJoAu KaAd. "Elfj-ai eroi/xos. Kat TTocrais t>AoKorai9 traTe j HTO TroXv e, 28*7 tara/ne'voti (JLTJVOS, 6.30 /i./i. AEIANTH2I2. 'O Kvpios A. Xa/i|3avt rqv TifJLrjv va evxapumjaj] TOV Kvpiov Kal rfjv Kvpiav B. fita TIJI/ tvyevrj Trp6(TK\T)(TLV rfjLev yfvp.aTa dno TOV 6ava.TOi> TJJS 0eias pov npo SeAcaoAtTw (j.r]v>i>. 'Eav eV rouroty evapecrnj^ijrf ya fXdrjTe va TrijjTf TO Tf'iov fifS" Tjpoiv TO earre'pas, ^a ev^apto-rr/^w/xfi/ va eras ta>^ev Kat v' ilKovp.(v Trjv diTjyrjcnv TO>V (Is Meyapa TTJS oiKias. *O crvfvyos p.ov fivat Xt'av aTrr/cr^oX^/nevos t? ray TraXaioap^aioTr/Tds TOV, ware va ^tj) crKeirTrjTat, mpl aXXou rtvoj t IOOO T?;. 'EX7riX< va Xd/3w T^V va eras ffwavTrjo-ca {s TOV pfyav vaKTOpiKov %opov T TOV vtov ZTOVS, els ov, fj.ol fmov, Travres TrpocrKaXovvrat. 'Elfu p.tTa 7ro\\TJs dydiTTjs rj (piXr/ eras, Y. X. i66 Letters. (2) To THE DIRECTOR OF THE POST OFFICE. Sir, I beg to inform you that I am now living in the house of Mr. Coupa, near the palace, and request that you will have all my letters sent there. I am, sir, your obedient servant. To THE SAME. Sir, I beg to draw your attention to the following cases of negligence on the part of the Post-office. On Thursday last the mail came in at 1 1 a.m., but the postman did not bring my letters until late in the afternoon. On Saturday the mail came in at 10 a.m., but I did not receive my letters until late at night. As the mail for Europe goes out on Thursday and Saturday at 6 p.m., I was unable to answer the letters I received, and am forced to wait until next week. This is a matter of the utmost importance, and I request that you will enquire into it, and make every endeavour to have it rectified. I am, etc. a . To THE SAME. Sir, I am leaving Athens on the 26th of this month, and request that all letters for me may be re-directed to Poste Restante, Trieste, until the 6th prox., and after that to Hotel Continental, Paris. T I am, etc. g. (3) To A GREEK MASTER. Mr. has recommended you to me as a teacher of Modern Greek. I should like to know what your usual charge is, and what time you have free. If you can come to my hotel at 4 o'clock to-morrow afternoon, I shall be glad of a personal interview. Yours faitMully- To the Director of the Post-Office. 167 (2) HPO2 TON AIEY9YNTHN TON TAXYAPOMEIQN. Kvpie Aiev$uird, i\apftdva> TTJV Tifj.Tiv va yva>o~TOTToiT)o~o) ifuv ori KaroiKO) f)8r] (Is TTJV oiKiav TOV Kvpiov Kovira, Tr\rj va diard^rjTf va crreXXwvrai eVfi oXai al cTrtoroXat /iou. AiarXa> pera crf^acTfiov vfJ.(Tpos depajruiv. HPO2 TON AYTON. Aa/i/3aj/a> TTJV Tifttyv va eras Trapa/caXt'cra) va eVtcrriycrjjTe 7171* vptrepav Trpocrox^v eVt TWV e^s Titptwraxre^v a/ieXetaj TOU raxydpofifiov. Trjv TrapfXdovvav TleuTrrriv TO Ta\vbpop,fiov f(pdacr(v fls ras ev8fKa Tr.fj.., aXX' 6 ypa^i/iaroKO/LUC7 r njs' $fv poi efpepe ras eVtoToXas f'^^ apyu /ifra /j-fcrrjijiftpiav. To Sd/S/SaTov TO Ta^vSpofj.e'ioi' fipdacrfv fls ras Sexa TT./X., aXXa fiev eXa^ov Tas eVtcrToXd? /iou ftjiuj dpya 71711 VVKTU. 'ETTfiSi) TO Ta^vSpo/zeTov Sia T^V 'Evpatmjv dva\a>pel TTJV Hffj.TiTr]v Kal TO SdfifiaTov els TO.S e^ M-M-5 &* v ^^vrjdrjv v dnavTrjcro) fls Tas eVuTToXdj, Tas onoias \aftov KOI dvayKa^onai v' dvapfva) rr)v Trpoffe^rj 6(38o/id8a. TotTO eivat, diTiKftfitvov vtyicrrrjs o~7rov8aidrr]Tos Kal TrapaxaXa) vpas va fpfvvrjo-rjTt KarajSaXXovres rcacrav irpocriv. N . ^ AiaTfAa) K.T.A. , DP02 TON AYTON. Kvpte jiai v' dva% a>pr) crco e^ 'A6r]vu>v rrjv (iKOCTTrjV eKTr)V TOV p.r)vbs TOIITOV Kal TTapaKoXS) oXat at Tfpos fie eVicrroXat va 8iev6vva>vrai els Tepyeo-rrjv ' Poste Restailte ' p.fXP l T ^ (KTTJS Trpocre^ovs Kal els TO Hotel Continental ds Hapuriovs. . - -. AtaTcXw K.T.A. (3) HPOS EAAHNA AIAA2KAAON. Kupie, x ' *O K. -- orvve(TTi]o-(v v/iaj ws StSdcr/coXoj/ TJJs Was yXcoacrr/j-. 'Enedvpovv va fidda) rroiav dfj.oij3r)v \ap.j3dv(Te Kai rcoias tapas ex fTf f^evdepas. 'Eai/ bwrjOiJTe va eXdrjre (Is TO (vo$oxeiov (Is TO.S Tfacrapaj p.p.. TTJS avpiov, da ev^aptcrr^^cij va Xd/3o> TrpocrajTrtKTjf Ttra o-vvevTviv. < / Y/zerepoy. 1 68 Letters. ANSWER. Sir, My terms are three francs an hour for Greek lessons, but if you were here for some time, I would naturally make a reduction. I am employed at the Gymnasium (College) all the morning, but could come to you either in the afternoon or evening. I shall await your reply with impatience. Yours obediently. Sir, I am going down to Phalerum to-morrow afternoon, so that I shall be unable to take my lesson. If you are disengaged in the evening, about 9 p.m., please come and see me. Yours truly. (4) To ENGAGE BOOMS. Sir, I shall arrive at your hotel by the steamboat from Marseilles to the Piraeus next week. Be so good as to retain a sitting- room and two bedrooms for me, and send a guide t6 meet the steamer at the harbour. Yours, etc. (5) To A DOCTOR, DEMANDING INSTANT ATTENDANCE. Sir, Be so good as to come and see me at once, as I am in great pain, and fear that it is the beginning of a severe illness. Yours faithfully. To a Doctor. 169 AIIANTH2I2. Kupte, avu> Tpia (ppdyKa TTJV &pav did p.a6r)p.aTa TTJS eXX??- VIKTJS, dXX' fdv Ba SicifjLfivrjTf evraiiBa eirl nva ^povov, da eXarrwaa) (pvcriKco rw Xoy&> TTJV Ttprjv. Et/iai tvrjcrxo\rjfj.fvos 5\r]i> TTJV Trpu>iav fls TO yvpLvdtrinv, dAXa 8vvap.ai va fp^co/xat Trpos v/j.as ^era p.fcrrjfj.^piai> fj TO ffTTrepas. 'Aj/uTTo/ndfco? dvctfjifva) TTJV airdvnjO'iv o-as. "OXeos Kvpif, 6a /careX^a) fls $d\rjpov avpiov ptTa fie(TT}fj.^piai>, 8vvrj6ci) va Kufito TO fiddrj/jid fjiov. 'Eav 8ev tX1 T * ((nrfpas Kara TTJV (VVCITTJV, f\6tT(, TrapaxaXaJ, va p.f (4) HP02 ENOIKIA2IN AOMATIQN. Kvpie, a (Is TO ^fvoBo^f'iov eras 8ia TOV e/c MacraaXtas fls Hfipaid ar/iO7rXoi'ou TTJS Trpocre^oCy e^So/iaSos. Ad/Sere TTJV KaXo- crvvrjv va /nol (cparijcr^Te ^ttiav aWovcrav Kal 8vo Koirwi'a? (cat ei/a 6&7yw, Kara T^I> acpi^iv TOV dr/iOTrXot'oii eis TOI/ Xi/zeVa. AiareXai (5) EIII2TOAH HPO2 IATPON, Al' H2 ZHTE1TAI KATEIIEirOY2A Kvpte, Aa^fTf r^f Ka\oa~vvrjv va f\6r)Te vd f7rti8rj VTTOfpfpco TroXii Kai (po^ovfj.ai OTI TOVTO fivai dp^r/ croftapds do-0fvfias. 'YfJifTfpOS. 1 70 Letters. (6) KEQUESTING LETTER or INTRODUCTION. Sir, I am about to make a journey to Corfu. As I know that you are a native of that place, I venture to ask you to give me a letter of introduction to your friends there. Before leaving, I shall call to thank you for your extreme kindness to me during my stay here. Yours very sincerely. (7) To THE MINISTER OF THE INTERIOR. Sir, I have the honour to inform you that I propose to make a tour through the interior of Greece, going from here to Mycenae, and request that you Avill give me an assur- ance as to whether there is any danger to be apprehended from brigands. I was told in England by a friend, who is in the Turkish service, that it was unsafe to visit the Acropolis without a guard of soldiers. At first I did not venture to go there, but, encouraged by the example of some fellow-travel- lers, I sallied forth one day at i p.m. armed with a revolver, a heavy geological hammer, and my umbrella. As no attack was made upon me, I repeated the experiment, and, em- boldened by success, now go there in the moonlight, unarmed and unattended, to the consternation of my wife, who threatens to come out from England and protect me from brigands. Although, as you will perceive from the above account, I am a man of great courage and no prejudices, my duty towards my family would not allow me to start on my journey to Mycenae without an explicit assurance from you, sir, that I shall incur no danger. I have the honour to be, sir, AIT Your obedient servant, To the Minister of the Interior, etc. etc. To the Minister of the Interior. 171 (6) Al' H2 ZHTEITAI EIII2TOAH 2Y2TATIKH. Kupie, HpoTi6fp.ai va ratSeuorco p-fXP 1 Kepfcvpay. 'ETmSi) Se yva>pica ort Kardyecrde en TOV TOTTOV fKflvov, roX/zaJ va J^TTJCTCO Trap vfj,>v crvaTaTiKrjv /TTtcrroXjji' irpos TOVS fuel (pi\ovs eras, Tlplv 17 dva^copTjcrco 6e\ fita rrjv pfyaXrjv npbs fpe KaXcxrvvrjv eras Kara TTJV Ivravda dtapovrjv p.ov. (7) 11P02 TON KYPION EHI TON E2QTEPIKON YHOYPrON. Kupte 'YTTOvpye, Aafipdva TTJV rtfirjv va yva>crroTroir] vp.1v on Trporidffjiai va 7T(pie\d(i) TO faanepiKov rrjs 'EXXafiof, Trrjyalvaiv evrevflev fls MvKrjvas, (cat TrapaKaXw va p.e 8iaj3ef3ai OTTO X^o^rdy. $i'Xos p.ov ns ev 'AyyX/a, SiarcXaJj/ eV TovpKiKrj V7rj;pecr/a, poi etTrev ort ^ro (TriKivdwov va eni(TKf(p6f} ns Tr]v AKpojToXiv avev (Tvvodfias Tv Tivwv f^rjkQov rjp.epav riva TTepi rrjv Trputrrjv JJL. p.. (pfp\oyiK.f]v cr(pvpav, Kal p.iav ofjmpeKav. 'ETTfiSrj ov8fp.ia Trpoa/SoX?) eyeVero /car' f'/zov, ijraveM$OV TO neipafjia Kal evdappvvdfls tK TTJS tgavjflas TrrjyaLvo) rcopa ecet, OTOV rjvai o~f\r]VT), aoTrXoy *:at avev (rvvodfias irpbs (poftov TTJS crvvyov p-ov, fjris dneikft va e'X$// OTTO TTjV 'AyyXiav OTTCOS p.e Trpoo~fu>s fK. p.fpuvs inrovpye, on SeV 6a Starpe^w Kivdvvov Tivd. TTI TOVTOIS i Tw Kvpico errl T>V 'Ea-uTfpiK&v 'Ynovpyat or Ilpor ro eVi 1/2 Letters. (8) REPLY. Ministry of the Interior, Athens, April i, 1879. Sir, In reply to your communication to the Minister of the In- terior, I am ordered to inform you that no case of brigandage has occurred within the frontiers of the Greek kingdom during the last eight years, and that you can travel anywhere you please in Greece without the slightest danger. Any re- ports you may have heard to the contrary are inspired by ignorance, prejudice, or malevolence, and may be entirely disregarded. I may further remark that Turkish officials are not usually the best authorities on Greek affairs, and that their views are too often discoloured by interest or by prejudice. The earnest desire of the Greek Government is that Englishmen should travel in Greece, and learn to know the country and the people, and thus that knowledge of the truth may expose the absurdity of these stories. I am, sir, your obedient servant. * (9) INFORMATION ABOUT ATHENS. Dear Mr. , Should you like to become a member of the Club during your stay at Athens ? Strangers are admitted for a month without subscription, and I shall be most happy to put down your name, if you desire it. You will find there the ' Times ' and ' Daily News/ with all the foreign and Greek newspapers and reviews, among others the ' Nineteenth Century.' There are billiard and card-rooms, but no restaurant. If you will call there at 5 p.m. this afternoon, and ask for me, I will introduce you to the principal members and show you the rooms, Yours very truly. Reply from Minister of Interior. 173 (8) AIIANTH2I2. 'El/ 'Atfjjwziy rfj iri 'ArrpiXwu 1879. TO EDI TQN E2QTEPIKQN YnOYPFEION. Kvpie, Eis aTrdvTTjffiv TTJS vp.fTfpas alTTjo-fias Trpbs TOV vnovpyov T>V e^w eVroXjjj/ va TT\r)po(j)opT)(ra> vuds on 8tv vrrdp^ft. \Tjo~Tfias fVTos TO>V o~vvopu>v TOV f\\rjviKov jSacrtXei'ov irpo TU>V Tf\tvTaia>v OKTW trSiv KOI on Svvaade va ra^etSeva-^re o7rouS)j7roTe fvapf(TT7)crd( eV 'EXXaSt, avev TOV eXa^tarov Kiv8vvov. Uacra s ol /iaXXov a^tOTTicrTOi TrpoKti/jifvoi ntpl T>V npayp.a.Tv at df yvo>/Jiai TWV Trr)ydovo~iv fK o~VfJ.T]poTtpa (TTidvfiia TTJS fXXrjviKrjS Kvfiepvr)O-a>s fivai TO va. Ta(i8evo-i TTJV x&pav KOI TOV \aov, OTTUS 17 yvaxris TTJS d\T]6(ias tK.6fO"r) TO ye\olov TUIV fj.v6(av TOVTCOV. AtareXoi peTa TTJS Trpoo~r]KOvo~r]S (9) HAHPO^OPIAI HEPI A9HNQN. /JLOI Kvpie - , lTt va yfimjTf fitXos TTJS Aftr^rjs Kara TTJV tv 'A.df]vai<; 8ia[Jiovriv o~as ', Ol evoi tlvai 8fKTO\ ev avrfi eVt eva fj.rjva avev o-vv8po/j.rjs' 6a rjp.at be Xtai/ evrv^ijy va Karaypd^w TO ovop.d o~as, av fvapfo-Ti)o~6f. Qa evprjTe eKfl TOVS ' Kaipovs ,* ra ' 'H/iepjjcrta Nea, KOI oXaj ray f-tvas Kal AX?;i/iKa? f(pr]nfpi8as Kal TrepiobiKa, ev ols Kal TTJV ' Anton}* 'E.vvaTT]v 'EKarocraerr/piSa.' 'YTrap^ovcrt o-Te fi. p.. TTJS o~r]fjLfpoi> Kal fj.e r)Tr]O-T)T, 6a Trapovo~ido~(>> vp.as fls Ta Kvpio>Tepa peXrj Kal 6a o~as 8(ia> TO. Sco/xdna. ^ "OXws veT 1 74 Letters. Dear Mr. R. , I have only just received your kind note, owing probably to some mistake on the part of the messenger, and hasten to answer it with all speed. The proposal you make I shall accept most gladly, and will call at the Club, as you suggest, at5 P- m - Yours sincerely. Dear Mr. G.- You told me the other day that you would like to come and see us play lawn-tennis at Phalerum. If it is fine to- morrow, I am going down by the 2.30 p.m. train, and expect to meet the officers of the English ship at the Piraeus there. If you will meet me at the corner of the Rue Hermes and the Place de la Constitution at 2.10 p.m. we can go in a carriage or by omnibus to the station. It is only ten minutes by rail to Phalerum, so that we can have a game and take the 4 p.m. train back to Athens. I believe I am right in thinking that trains run every half-hour in the afternoon from both Athens and the Piraeus. Please send an answer by the bearer. v Yours very truly. Dear Sir, I should have been delighted to come to Phalerum with you, but to-morrow afternoon am obliged to attend the funeral of an old friend, who died this morning. It would be inter- esting for you to come too, and I can promise you that it will not be so lugubrious a ceremony as in England. The procession will pass the Chamber of Deputies at 2.15 p.m., where I hope you will join me. We can go to Phalerum some other day, but you must not count on me as a player, your English games are too violent and dangerous. Yours very truly, p Miscellaneous. 175 f p.oi Kvpif P. MdXty irpo p.iKpov eXa/Soi/ TTJV fvutvij f7Tio~TO\T)V eras, tvfKa \d6ovs TWOS ntdavov TOV Kop.io~Tov, Kal o~TTfv8 v aWaiTijcrw. Trjv TrpoTao-iv, Trjv onoiav p.oi Kap.vfTf, dno8fxf JLM X/ai/ do-p.fv f\6fi fls TTJV AfvxTjv u>s p-oi ypd(pere fls ras TTevrf pera fj-ea-rj/jL^piav. i, 6 (pi\os V rjfjiepaiv OTI fii^apicrruss 6a f\6i)Tf va i8rjre f;pas nai^ovras lawn-tennis fls ^aXrjpov. 'Eav rjvai KaXos xaipbs avpiov TrpoTidtfiai va KarfXda) 8ia TTJS ap.a^o(TTOi)(ias ra>v dvo KOI fjfjLKrfias p.. p.., f\Trio)v va crvvavrf)'Ta> rovs d^KouartKovs TOV dyyXiKou TrXotov TOV o-Ta8p.fvovTOS fls Ileipata. 'Eaj* 6f\rjTf va p.f (rvvavrrjO-ijTf fls TJJV ycoviav TTJS 68ov 'Epp.ov Kal TrXaTetaj SvvrdynaTos fls Tas Svo p.. p.. 8vvdfj.fda va invdyutpLtv ((poptiov fls TOV (TTa6p.6v. Mfxpt &a\r)pov 8ia TOV o~i8r]po8poaov flvai pdvov 8fKa X7rra, tao~Tf 8vvdfifda va Tfai^wp,fv Kal va f7ravf\6v p.. p.. No/Lii'^w on 8tv cr(pdX\a> (ppuvwv OTI at dp.a^oo-Tot^iai dva^copoCv, dXX' avpiov p.fTa p.fo-r]p,^piav flp.at VTro^pfco/ieVoj v aKO\ov6f)O-a> TTJV KT]8fiav TraXatoi) 6a p.f (TvvavTr](rriTf . 'Hp.nopovp.fv va KaTaftooutv fls ^dXrjpov aXkrjv Tiva T]p.fpav, aXXa 8fv npfnfi va p,f 6fa>prjTf a>s TraiKTrjv' ra dyy\iKa d eras flvai TroXv /3t'ata Kal Kiv8vva>8r]. "O\O)S Vp.fTfpOS, PART III. PASSAGES FROM GREEK AUTHORS FROM B.C. 850 TO A. D. 1821. CONTENTS. :AGB *B.C. 850, HOMEB, Odyssey, Book VI, lines 48-157 . . .178 * ,, 450, HERODOTUS, Book VIII, Chap. 59, 60 ... 186 * 395, XENOPHON, Anabasis, Book IV, Chap. 7, 18 . . 188 *A.D. 100, PLUTARCH, Life of Themis tocles, 11-17 . r 9 2 300, NUBIAN INSCRIPTION 198 750, THEOPHANES AND MALALAS 199 noo, ANNA COMNENA 200 1370, BELTHANDBOS AND CHRYSANTZA .... 200 1453, FRAGMENT, ANONYMOUS (-with translation by Professor Blackie) 201 1681, FRANCISCUS SCUPHOS. On Rhetoric .... 203 i8th century, KLEPHTIC BALLAD 105 1803, KORAES, Salpisma Polemisterion .... 207 1821, S. TRICOUPIS, Funeral Oration on Lord Byron. . 209 * Translations in Modern Greek are attached to Nos. i, 2,3, 4. 178 Passages from Greek Authors. ANCIENT GKEEK. I. HOMER, B.C. 850. ODYSSEY, Book VI, lines 48-157. AUTI'KO 8* ^o)4 rfkQev evdpovos, rj fj.iv eyeipev NatKriKoai/ evTrerr\ov' atpap 8' dTredavfiatr' oveipov Bf) 8' "ifj.eva.1 Kara Sat/Miff, tv dyyeiXfie roKevcriv, 5 IlaTpi /cat prjrpi Kt^^(raro 8' evSov eovras. 'H /xej eV ecr^aprj rjaro crvv dpfpiTroXoKTi yvvaiiv, 'HXaKara crTpaxpaxr' aXnropfpvpa' rw 8e 6vpae 'Es j3ov\r)v, Iva fjitv xaXeoi' ^airjKfs dyavoi. 'H 8e /^dX" ay^i oracra (pi\ov Trarepa iX', OUK av 817 jiot ((poir\i(T(Tias dirt)vr]v fjv VKVK\OV, iva K\vra et/xar' aya/iai Es TTOTdfjiov TrXweovara, TO /AOI pfpvnaifjitva Karat, ' } Kat 8e crot aurw eoiKf /xeTa irpwrotcnv eovra 60 BovXa? ftov\ei>fiv Ka6apa XP' e '/^t""' e^ovra. IleWe 8 rot (plXoi vies ev\ jueyapois ytydacrtv, Oi 8v' oiruiovTfs, rpeis 8' yiQeoi 6a\t6ovTes' Oi 8 1 aid fde\ovcal dfj.fi/3eTO fj.v6a>' " Ovre TOI i]fj,iovu>v rpdoveco, Texas, ovre rev aXXou. ' drdp TOI Spates e'^OTrXi'cro-ovcrtj/ dirr]vr)v r)v evKVK\ov, virepTepir] dpapvlav." 'JO *Qs eiTroji/ o'fj,a>eo-crii> eiceicXfTu, TOI 8' firidoiro. Ot pel* ap' e'/cTos afj.aav evrpo^ov f)fj.i.oveirjv v, THJLIOVOVS ff vnayov evdv 6 ITT Homer, Odyssey, VI, 48-157. 179 MODERN GREEK. I. FROM THE TRANSLATION or D. ViKELAS. 1 Kt' orav eVpo/SaX' 17 Auyij, ere fida *H NavcrtAcaTy 'u7rw? s TO TrepiyiaXi, Ta nTrXvra (popepaTa va 7r\vva> 's TO rrornfu, FtaTi croC rrpeVet 's TTJV ftov\f)v, onov trai /ie(r' TOVS npatovs, Na (f)aivfo-ai /*' oXoTraarpa ol SoOXot fa cr' TO e\jsovv '2 TT)V afjui^a TTJV v^Xiy, Tj)f re^i/o/ca/nco/iev?;." AtVet s Toi/y 8ovXouj Trpoo~Tayr), KI' dp. CTCBS e Kal evyovv TO. fj.ov\dpia, 1 This translation is in the common dialect of the people. N 2 180 Passages from Greek Authors. ANCIENT GBEEK. Kovpj; 8' en 6a\dp.oir> (pepev itrd^r Kai TTJV fj.fV KaTfdrjKfv evt-fcrTO) eV aTriji/fl, Mf)TT]p 8' fv KICTTJ; eridd pfvotiKe' e'Sa>8iji' HavTairjv, fv 8' o^ra ridft, eV 8" olvov 'Aovcco ev atyet'a)* Kovpi] 8' eVe^ijtre A^Kfi' 8 xpvcrer] Iv \rjKv6(f> vypov e\aiov, Euuf ^urXcberatTO CTVJ' dn(pnro\oi(n yvvaiit>. 80 'H 8' eXa/Sec jjAcmya (cat ^vi'a crfyaXo'ei'Ta, Mdort^ei' 8' fXdaj/' Kava^r) 8' ^j/ TjfjLiovouv. At 8' aporov TCIVVOVTO, (pepov 8' f(r6iJTa Kal CLVTTJV, OVK oir)v' afj,a T;J ye (cat d/x(^)(7roXot (ctoi* aXXat. At 8' ore 8)) TTOTap-dlo poov 7rept(caXXe' IKOVTO, "Evff TJTOI TrXui/ot ^o-ai/ nrgcrwo), TroXii 8" iJSwp KaXov VTTfKTrpopefi, fidXa irtp pvnoavra Kudrjpat, "Evff at y r)p.i6vov<: fifv imeKirpoe\v(rav dnrjvrjs. Kat ras jLtev (reiaj> irorap&v Trdpa Stt^evra Tpcbyeti' aypaxmv fj.f\ir)8ea' Tat 8' a7r' dirrjvrjs 90 Etftara %(p(rlv eXovro /cat eVcpo'peoi' /xeXav u8 fj KOprj TO. Xap.7rpa (popep.ar' eV Ta V QaiaKcav. 'EXvo'aj' OTT" TTJV ci[iaa rj veais TO. /xovXapta, Kai s T' dtpoio-fJifvov irorafj.ov TU fSiu>av TO. TrXtxyta, 'E\ev6(pa va p6x vfi 's TTJV t-rjpa TO KV/J.O TO. \tddpia. Kat Ta Kopnuui \ovo~dr)Kav KI aXfifpdrjKav p.e XdS(, K fKaQiuav va <}>o.v ijsa>p.\ 's TOW irorafjLov TO TrAtiyi, 'Ei/w Ta poi>\a (Treyvcavav 's TOV fp^.tov TTJV Xap,7rpa3a. Kai OTCIV etyayav ^iap-i, f\vcrav Ta ;uaXXtd TOV?, Kat /Jif TTJV o-ai, Kovpai Atoy atyid^oto, ' Aypoi>6p.oi iraiov>v 8' vnfp fj yf Knpr) e^ei r)8e /ie'rwTra, 'Peia T* dpiyvaiTT) Tre'Xerat, *uAal Se re iraaif)Ka>v dv8pS)v TTO\IV rjyr] /SacnXfta' @adeir) 8' 6/x/3aXe 8iVj; f Ai 8' rt p.a, re'cov awre fiportav fs yalav tKavot', H p' ot -y' v/3piorrai re Kai aypioi ov8e 8i*catot, I 2O 'He (ptXoi/oi, (cat (r^tv voos e'crrt dtovbr/s', "Q? re /ne Kovpdmv dfj.(f>tj\v6( 6fj\vs diJTrj, Nv/i0aa>i>, at e^ovcr' opeatv alnetva Kapijva Kai Trriyas irorap.K>v Kai TTiVea noirjiVTo, 'H ww TTOU dv6pa>TTa>v dpi (T^eSov avbrjevTatv ' } 'AXX' ay' e'ycoj' avros TTfipfjcronai f)8f t'8eo/xat." Qs etTrcbv 0dp.vu>v vTreSuorero Sios ' TTOpGoV K\d(T Trepi ^pot p.fj8ea ?, 130 "Os r' etV vopevos Kai dij/ievoy, eV 8e ot ocrae Aa/erat' avrap 6 /3ovovs' KfXerai 8e' e ya(rrf]p Homer, Odyssey, VI, 48-157. 183 MODERN GKEEK. K' j] Nvp.(pais TT)V aKo\ovdovv, TOV Ai'a Ovyarfpats, Tpf^ovv Kai nai^ovv, K f) ATJTW 6a>pei KI ai/ayaXXtaffi, Tt e^' dn oXat? TrtoJ^ijXa (Kfivr) TO *epi(Tai, av KI oXais eiv aipaiais. "ETCT' OTT' rats 8ov\ais rrjs KI aunj, dp.opV &aidico>v. TTJV VT) eavpav TO. Kopdcria. 'O 66pv$o<; f^i>rrvTj(Tf TOV So'Xioi' 'OSncro'ea K' fKadiaf, Kal aKovf, K eXoytafe 's TOV vov TOV '. " 'AXXoi'/ioi'DC ! TTOV ^piTra>v fJ-fpr) ', MTJV fivai aypiot, o~K\T)poi, )(a>p\s SiKaiocrvvrj j *H BiKaioi, V TTOTOHWV, TO. dpocrfpd XnyKaSia ; H fiTjTrass ovv e85> dvrjToi KI dvdpa>Triva \a\ovve , 'E^tTrpoy, as Trdya> vd TOVS '8a>, vd p.ddu> KOL TTOV e?/iat.' EtTTf, KI dvadr]Kf di'd^ifcr' an' TOVS 0dp.vovs, K' fva K\(0vdpi, (povvrwTO, fie TO fiapv TOV ^epi 'ETo~dKio~f K fo-K(nao~e T' 6Xoyv/ii/o Koppi TOV. 'Qo~dv @ovvlo-ios Xeorra? nov 's TT)V eppia Trpocrp-evet, Kat d\l/T)(pdfi Kal /3pf>x?7 KI ayepa nov TOV 8epvovv, 'Evw 's TO fj.\T) TO ytpd TTJV 8vva/j.i TOV voi6fC Bydovv ra p-dria TOV (pcoTid, KOI nefpTfi 's o, TI tvpfi, 2e ^wSia, yi8ia, 7rpo/3ara, Kal ere yopyd t\d(pia' 17 TTflv dif TO jSowa TOV (TTrpw^w; vd 184 Passages from Greek Atitkors. ANCIENT GBEEK. MTJ\U>V TTfipT)p.et>os oXfirj, Tpetrcrav 8' aXXvSts aXX?; r' rfiovas npov^ovcras. Q*T) S* 'A.\Ktvoov dvydrijp p.evf' rfj yap 'A0f)VTj Qdpaos fin (ppeal QrjKe KOI IK 8eos eiXero yuio)f. 140 STJ) 8' avra u^o^ifvr]' 6 Be /j,(pp,r]piev 'Oftvcrcrevs *H yovvtov XicrtroiTO XajScov evtbyriSa Kovprjv, *H avrws fTTefcrV dvdpdnTTUIV TO. ^COptO Kd\ 's TO! fiavSplO. VO. 77/077* *ETO~I KI auTOs, av na\ yv/j.vos, rbv fCTTrpaxv' 17 dvdyKT) Net tTfii^rj TCI xpvo-d/uaXXa Kopacria, 'f T dxpayidXi. 'H vriais, afj.a TOV "Save yvp.i>6, GaXacrcraifjifvo, Tpopd^ave K ftjKopTricrav 's rou? jSpd^our, Sa>$' fKfldf. 'H Koprj navy aTTf^five TOV ^acrtXrja fj.f ddppos, T\Jl > A^7;^a_a7^' ra yovara rrjs ruyaXe TOV (po/3oi>, K' fcrTd&rjKf. K' e\6yia(V 6 SoXtoy 'OSiicrcreay, H va (TifJiuxr' OTTO KOVTO. va TTJV Trnpa.Ka\fcrr), H va TTJS TT// ano p,a.Kpia fj,e Xdyta fif\a>pfva } Na Sft^v TTOV 'vai TO ^wptd, al va TOV 8o>crrj pov^a. Kai TOV (CpdvTjKf KaXo *' ti^eXi/^o TTCOS ^a 'vat 'ATTO paitpid \vnr)Tf pa va TTJV TrapaKaXfcrrj, MIJ T\)) T) Koprj KL opyicrdfj TO yov av TTJS dyyl^rj. Kat Xeyft TTJS dnb fj.aKpia p.e Xdyta /leXw/zei/a : popV flvfy rjv 6 6tfj.ii f)Triv OVK e(pepe ot Kocrp-ov ovSeVa Kcmiyopffiv' 6 8e aXXou Xdyou , Xeycoi' rdSe* I. *' 'Ei/ (rot vuv tort craxrai TTJV 'EXXdSa, r/v ffiol rrfi6rj vavpa^iriv avrov p.eva>v jroteeo-6ai, [j. T]8e, Trfi66p.evos TOVTO>V TOtcri Xeyovcri, dvaevr)s rrpos TOV 'lcr6fi.ov TO.S vrjas. avrlQts yap fKtiTepov, dieovo-as. Trpos p.ev TW Icrdp.^ o~vp.j3aX\a)v, fv TreXdyei' fva) vavp.axr)o-ei.<;, es o ijKtora TJ/JUV or^KpopdV e'art, vfjas fiapvTepas KOI dpid/Jiov eXdcro'oi'ay* TOVTO Se, aTroXetis 2aXa- fj.lvd TC KOI Me'yapa Kal Atyivav, fjvirfp /cat ra aXXa ei/Tv^fjO'ca^ev, apa yap rw VOVTIKCO avTtav e^erai /cat 6 7reos crrpaToy. /cat OVTUI o-(peas avros afis eVi TTJV HthoTrovvrjo-ov, KivSwevcrfis Te airdcTT) Ty 'EXXdSt. 2. *Hv 8e TCI eya> Xeya) Troirjcrrjs, roo~d8f fv avTolai xprjo-Ta (vpf)0"fts % irpayra fifv, ev v earl' ev eupv^wpti; 8e, Trpos v' avTis 8f, SaXaptr nepiyivfTai, es TTJV f]iuv vTre'/c/cftrui Texva Herodotus, VIII, 59, 60. 187 MODERN GREEK. II. TRANSLATED BY J. GENNADIUS. LIX. "OTf \onrbv (TVVT]6poia-6r}(rav i Trplv r) 6 Evpv/StdSj/j exdeoy TOV Xdyoi', TWOS fvena crvvfKaXfcre TOVS o~TpaTTjyovs, 6 Qffj,i(TTOK\T)s KOTtyivfTO TroXXa \fya>v, a>s pfyd\a>s (Trfiyofifvos' 6p.i\ovvTos 8' avrov, b Kopivdios (rrpaTrjyos, 'A8fi/J.avros, 6 vibs TOV 'Qnvrov, turtv' " O e/woTOKXftv, els TOVS aySovas ol irpodipcas fyeip6/j.fvoi pairifaovrai. 'O 8t Qfnio~TOK\rjs 8iKato\oyovp.fvos fin fit' " 'AXXi TraXti' ot aTroXetTrd- fJLfVOL OTTlVaj 8fV V irp&rtpov Xey^^e'i/rwf fKfivav \6yu>v, OTI drjXadf] 6a dpaTTfTfvo-uxnv orav a.7roTr\ev(ra>(riv ano rrjs SaXa/xivos' 8idn TO Karr]yop(iv TOVS o~vp.fj.d^ovs irapovras 8ev TJTO 7roo~S>s KO&IUOV' fTTf\ti(pdT) 8' aXXou f7ri^(ipTjfj.aTos, \tycov TO fi)s' " Els v ficrrjs' p]8e Trava(pepr/s TO. TrXoia els TOV 'icrd/jLov, Treidofitvos tls TO. \ey6fj.fva TOVTO>V frrfiBrj, o-vyKpivov TO.S bvo yvonfias, aKOixras fKdTfpav' eav e\6jjs tls ^eipas Trapa TOV 'lo-dpov, fls dvoutrov neXayos 6a vavfia^rjo'rjs, oircp eXa^tora crvfifpfpei fls was, f^ovras rrXota ftapvTtpa, KOI Kara TOV dpiQ^iov 6\iyd>Tfpa' d<^)' fTtpov de ff diro\so~rjs TTJV 2aXa/xij/a Kal TO. Mfyapa /cat Trjv A.*yivav, OKO/AT) Kal fav Kara TO. oXXa fTriTvx&fifv' Stem TO VCIVTIKOV airwj' ^TUIV liepcratv^ 6a Trapa- Ko\o\idr]o-r] dp.fs Kal 6 7reoy o~TpaTos' Kal OVTCD (JL(V' Stdrt TO vavp.a)(f1v fv OT6J/&) flVf VTTfp f)p.S)V' fV tVpV)((i)pla OfJis airrov re /xevcov, Trpovavfia^fjcrfis Tle^oirovvfjO'ov, KOI irpos TO) 'lo-$p,<5 % ov8f crfptafj et ?rfp ev (f>povefis, a(is eVt rjjv neXoTrow^croi/. 3. HJ> 8e ye Kat TO eya> f\Trta> yevijTai, KOI viKfjcra>p.fv rfiTrr]i,as yvoopas." III. XENOPHON, B.C. 395. ANABASIS, Book IV, Chap. vn. 18-27. 'EK TOVTOV ot EXX^i/e? d(piKovTo CTTI roz/ "hpiravov Trora/nov, tvpos rerrapcov TrXe^pcoi/. 'EvreC^ev eTropfv0r)(rav Sia SKV^tFoiv crra^/xoys rerrapar, Trapatrayyas e'lKocri, 8ta TreSiov ety Ka>fj.as' fv ais fytOfttf rjfiepas rpet?, cal eVetrtriVai/ro. 'Ei'rer^ei' St^X^op crradp-ovs r/rrapay, Trapacrayyay elco(ri, Trpbs TTO\IV pfyd\r)v KU\ eiSai/toi/a, oiKov/j.fvr)v' fKaXelro 8f Tvfj.vids. 'EK Tavrijs 6 Trjs ^copas apxcov rols "'EX\rjo-iv rjyfuova TrefjiTTfij oircas did rfjs eaurwi/ 7roXep;ias ^wpas oyoi avrovs. 'E\6a)v S' fKflvos Xe'yei on a^et avrovs Trevre fjnepaiv fls ^copiof, o^ey 6d\ciTTCiv' fl 8e p.f), reOvdvai eV^yyeXXero. Kal f]yov XenopJion, A nab. IV, vii, 18-27. 189 MODEEN GEEEK. yvvaiKfs. Kal /xoXicrra finnrdpxfi fls TO.VTO. KOI TOVTO, nfpl ov p.fyd\a>s fi>8ia(pfpfo-de' ai/TOv p.fva>i> } 6fJ.oia>s 6e\fis vavfin^rjo-fi vnep TJJS Hf\(j7rovi>ris Kal Trapa TO> 'lcr6p.S>' ov8f, av opdofppovys, 6a (ptpys O.VTOVS [rois Uepcrasj (Is TTJV UeXoTroj/j^croi/. 'Eav Se TW OVTI yivotcri Kal o } KOI viKrj(Tcofj.fi> jue ra TrXoia, cure Ka.6' ii^.u>v fls TOV 'lcr6fj.ov 6a f\6u>cri.i> ol /3ap/3apot, ovre 6a 77po/3&)cri TTfpav rrjs 'A.TTIKTJS, dXXa $a crii> uSo^co?. 0a Ktp8ia(afj.fi> Se Kal TO. Mfyapa, crv. TeXoy, OTO.V fiev ol iiv6pa>TTOi crKfTTTiavrai Kara TO. Tridaixarepa, ravra a)? eVi ro TT\einii>as III. TEAKSLATED BY J. GESNADIUS. Mera raira ol "EXXr^i/ej 1 e(pdacrav els TOV "Apnao~ov TTOT TrXarous Ttvo-dpcav TT\t.dpu>v. 'Evrevdfv itroptv&ija'av 8ta TO>V Envdivfov (TTa6fj.ovs Tfaaapas Trapacrdyyas fiKoa-iv ava p.fo-oi> TreStaSos, (pdatravres fls ^copta, OTTOU fp.fivav rpf'is f]p,fpas Kal f(pa>8id(T0i]a'av p.f rpofpds. 'EvTtvdfv f7rpo^u>pr]crai> o-ra6p.ovs rtao-upas napaadyyas f'lKoiriv ewr fls TrdXii/ nva p,fyd\r]v KOI TrXovaiav, KaToiKrjp.fvTji>, TJTIS eKaXtlro ds. 'Ex ravTTjs 6 ap^wv TTJS nfpLo^rjs Treprret 68r)ybv npos TOVS O7ra)s TOVS 68r)yT)o~r) 8id TTJS f^dpiKtjs avTutv xv 8pop.oi> fls fifos o6f.v 6a iSaxrt 6d\ao~o~av' tl $e fir), TOVS inrfpav' (Ka e'X$ot, ov TJJs T(av 'EX\f)va>v fvvolas. Kai d(pLKVovvrai e'rri TO opos TIJ irffJiTTTrj fjjjLfpa' oVo/xa 8e rw opei ^v Qrjxn^- 'ETretS)} Sf ot npuiroi iyivovro Tf\ TOV opovs, Kai KarflSov rfjv daXarrav, Kpavyrj TroXXi) eyevfTO. 'AKOIKTCLS fie 6 Sfvo^wv KOI ol 07Ticr6o(j)v\aKfs, (arjGrjcrav ffinpoadfv aXXovy fniTidecrdai Tro\fp.iovs' eiirovTo yap Kai oirurQtv ol K TT}S KcuofJivr)s ^aipas' KOI CLVT&V ol oTncr6o/j.oj36fia dfj.((H TO. fiKoariv. ETretSij Se jSoij ir\eia>v Te fyiyvero Kai eyyvrfpov^ /cat 01 aet tiriovrts fdeov 8pofJLco (Trl TOVS aet ftocovras, KOI TroXXw p.cia>v tyiyvero rj j3or], ova fijj TrXet'ous (yiyvovro, e'SoKft Si) p.f'i6v n flvai TW Sfvotp&vri- Kai dvafias f(p' ITTTTOV, /cat A.VKIOV KOI TOVS 'nnrtas dvaXaftaiv, Trape- f3or]6fi' Kai ra^a 817 d/covowi ftoa>VTa>v T>V crTparitarmv, SdXarra, , Kai napfyyvuivrcav. "Evda 8r) fdeov airavrfs, Kai ol oiricrOo- s, Kai TO. virovyia rj\aiivfTO Kai ol tmrot. 'Evrei fie dffiiKOvro fTrl TO aKpov, evTavda 8r) Trfpif^a\\ov d\Xfj\ovs, Kai o-Tparrjyovs Kai Xo^ayovs, Sa/cpvoirer. Kai f^aTrivrjs, OTOV 817 Traptyyvrjo-avTos, ol (TTpaTi&Tai VOV p,f'yav. 'EvTavda dvfTideo~av 8(pfj.dTu>v irXrjdos w/xo^oeicoj/, /cat fiaKTrjpias, KOI TO. at^/LidXtora ytppa, /cat 6 fjyepuiv OVTOS Te Kar(Tfp.vf TO. yfppa, KOI TOIS aXXoif 8te/cfXei)eTo. Mra TavTa TOV fjyffJLOva diroTre/jiTrova-iv ol "EXXrjvfs, 8>pa 86vTes aWo KOIVOV, ITTTTOV, Kai (pidXrjv dpyvpdv, /cai crKfvfjv HtpcriKTjVj Kai Sapei/covs Se/ca* r*Tet 8e /^dXiXi'ovs, /cat eXaj3e TroXXovs Trapa TCOV o~TpaTia>Tu>v. K.WUTJV fie Sfi'aj avTols, ov tnapnprawrty /cat TTJV 68ov *jv rropfvcrovTai fls MaKpu>i>as, eVei ecnrepa tyevfTO, CO^STO TTJS VVKTOS Xenopkon, Anab. IV, vii, 18-27. 1 9 1 MODEKN GKEEK. V eftdpav rov t TOVS irpofTpfTTf vd Kaioxri Kai (p6fipa>o-iv a oil Kai fycvcTO KOTa(pavfs STL 8id TOVTO rfkdf, KM ov%l eWjca tvvoias irpds TOVS "EXX^ray. Kai TTJV Tvefj.TTTr]v fjfupav (frddvaxnv els TO opos' u>vo[J:dfTo 8e TO opos Qfjxn s ' OTUV S* ol Trpwrot f(p6ao-av enl roC opovs Kai fl8oi> (pavfpa TTJV da\ao-crav, peyas aXaXay/xo? eyevtro. 'AKovaas oe 6 Stvofpciv KOJ. ot 6mo~0o(pv\aKfs, v6fjuo~av OTI aXXot f%6po\ firtTfdrjarav eyarpoo-Btv' Siort rjKo\ov6ovv Kai onio-6(i> ol (K TTJS opas' KOI Tivas f ai)T{vo-av Kai v a-TTjo-avrts fveSpav' Kai eXajSov Trepiirov e'lKoffiv ao-rridas ( a.K.aT(pydv Sep/iarcoi' Sacrt/taXXa)!' /3oa>P. ErreiS^ 8e KOI irepio-o~OTpa J3or] tyeipero Kai (K TOV TrX^trie'crrepoi', Kai ol oKovev Trpoo-fpxdfJ.fvoi erpe^oi' 8pofj,ea>s Trpos TOVS aSiaKoVcoy (p(ovdovras, TJ 8f /3oi) e'yiVero TroXv p.eya\r)Tfpa naff oj-ov Treptir- aoTfpot v ped' eavTov TOV A.VKIOV Kai TOVS 'nrTffls, edpap.v fls ftorjdfiav. Tore TrXeof ra^ews aKovovcri TOVS (TTparicoray vdovTas " 0aXaus av TIS TrpotTpc^stv avTovs, ol crrpartwrat crmpov' (Trl TOVTOV efleaav TrXrjdos Sfp/xdrwi' aKaTfpydcrTiav Kai pdftdovs, Kai TO.S Kvpitv6flcras dcrm'Say, Kai avTos 6 68r]yos Kare'/coTrre ray do-Tri8as KOI TOVS aXXous 7rappa } ITTTTUV 8r]\a8r) Kai TroTTjplOV dpyvpovv Acat o~Tohrjv ttfpo-iKTjv Kai 8tKa SaptiKovs' e'ffjrei 8' OVTOS Trpo Trdvroiv TO. 8aKTV\i8ia, Kai e'Xa/3e TroXXa Trapd Tcav o~rpartcorcoj/. Aei'^ay 8' fls avTovs xa>pioi> OTTOV T)8vvavro vd KaTao~Kr]vo>o-u>o~i, Kai TTJV 686v TJV vd j3aSio-(i>criv fls MaKpavas, d(pov fnr)\6fv rj (o 8id VVKTOS. 192 Passages from Greek Authors. ANCIENT GREEK. IV. PLUTAECH, A.D. 100. LIFE OF THEMISTOCLES, 11-17. "A/ia d' rjp-fpa 3fpr)S p.ev ai/a> Ka6ijo~TO TOP fMfdopim TTJS MfyapiSos, vnep T>V Ka\ovp.(vu>v Kepdrav, ^pvcrovv 8i(ppov Qffifvos, KOI ypap.paTf'is noX\ovs TrapacrTJjcra/xei'oj, $>v epyov fjv aTToypafpfcrdas Kara TTJV ^a\r]v TO. Trparrofifva. Htpl 8e TOV n\r]dovs rS>v flappapiKtav vf>v Ala^yXos 6 Troirj- rfjs, o)s av eiSwj KCU 8iaj3ej3aiov/^ei'oy, Iv rpaywSta Hepaais \eyei Tavra' 8 (ai -yap o?Sa) x i ^ l & s t"^ v fy TO ir\fjOos' at 5' virtpKOfiTroi Ta^ti v Sis faav tirTa &'. ^flS' et Ac>os. Ttov S' A.TTIKUIV, eKUTOV oySofjKovra TO TrX^os olaaiv, iltdoTi) TOVS dirb TOV KaTO.crrpwp.aTos fia%o/j.evovs OKTvKalo'fKa f?x.cv' &>v ro^orut T6viai> &pav TrapayevtaSai, TO Trj/er/ia \ap,Trpbi> fK. TreAa- yovs del Kai KV/JLU 8ta TO>V v Kardyovo-av' o ras p.tv E\\T]i/LKas OVK efi\aiTT vavs, d\iTfVfls ovtray Kal raTreii/oTepay, TOS 8f flapftapiKas, Tats re Trpvp-vais uz/es p&v \eyei 6 ^avoS^/xos, vnepdva TOV vaov TOV 'Hpa/cXe'ouy, OTTOV /Spa^u jrepa^ia 2 \a>pi^ei TTJV 'A.TTiK.r]v KOI TT)V vrjcrov, a>s 8' o 'AKfpos, Kara TO. crvvopa rrjs Mryapidos, iirepdvui T>V \(yo/j.fvu>v Kepdrtov, tpyov rjv va ra ara TT/V P'd^ijv yivofJitva.* Hepl 8e TOV ir\r]6ovs TWV f3ap@apiKa>v ir\oia>V 6 Troirjrrjs ajs yvaipifav avra KOI 8vvdfj.fvos va TO. fteftaioHTr], Xeyet TavTa els TT/V TpaycoSiav TOVS Tlfpaas' Tow Sfpov ?JTOV (TO fifctvpoi) \i\ias o dpi9fj.bs TUJV Tr\oicav TO. 8f Ta^iaTa Sis ?)aav (KaTov K tTrra us Ae'-ytrat. At 8e 'Arrucat rjuav {KUTOV oySo^Koiro TOV dpidfiov, KOI ficdon] et^e dfKaoKTto TOVS fjLa^op,fvovs fK TOV KaTaorpw/xaroy' 5 en TOVTODV Se Tecr- (rapes f/aav ro^orai, /cat 01 XotTrol oTrXtrai. 4>atferat &' on 6 Ge^iicr- ToicX^s fvv6r)o~f KOI Trapfp.6vevo~f 6 TOV natpbv ov% TJTTOV KaX>s fj TOV TOITOV, KOI &fv 7rap(Tae TOS Tpirjpeis TOV irpos TO.S /3ap/3apt*cas Trplv t) v OTTO TOV TreXayovs' Stori ray pev 'EXhrjviKds, ovo-as ^auTjXay, KOI p.r/ eyeipopfvas TTO\V {nrtp TT)V fnKpdvfiav 8 TTJS GaXdcro'rjs, 6\iyov e^XaTrre* TTITTTOIV 8' els TOS ftapftapiKas, aiTives 1 As soon as it dawned. 2 A passage, strait. 3 Surrounded. 4 To describe the events of the battle. 5 On the deck. 8 Waited for. 7 The usual hour. 8 The surface. O 194 Passages from Greek Authors. ANCIENT GREEK. orpu>\i.acnv v^opo^ovs KOI Saptias fnt(p(pop.evas tcr(pa\\f Trpocr- iriiTTOV, Kal TrapfSiSov Tr\ayias TO'LS EXXrjcriv oea>s Trpooxpepope'- vois, nal T< Qfp,urTOK\fl TrpotTt^ovcriv, &>? opcoiri /naXttmi TO a-v^f- pov' Kal OTI KOT' tKflvov 6 Sfpov vavap^os ApkOftnrqs, vnvv e^wv [j.fya\T)v, &crrrfp dnb Tfi^ovs (Tofv( KOI fjKovri^fv, dvrjp dyaObs &>v, Kal TO>V (3aari.\(s d8f\v TTO\V KpdricrTos re /rat SiKaioraros. TOVTOV fj.ev ovv A/j.eivias 6 AfKeXeir, KOI 'Ss at vrjes dvrinpoopoi Trpoa-TTfcrovo'ai Kal crvvfpfivacrat. rots xaXKtojiacru' fvecrxedrjaav, (m^aivovra rrjs aiirSiv rpirjpovs, VTrooravrer Kal TOIS Sopao-t TVTTTOVTfs, fls Trjv 6d\acraav eV/jSaXov 1 Kal TO (rco//a /uer' aXXcoi' (pp6fj.evov vavayiatv 'Aprf/iicr/a yva>picra(Ta Trpbs Sep^rjv dvfjveyKev. 'Ev 8e Tovrcf TOV dya>vos OVTOS, (j)5)s p.ev eKXap.\|/ai pfya \sycwft9 daXdrrrjs, a>s avdpancov 6p.ov TroXXcui/ TOI* p-vcrriKov fayay6vTu>v*laK\ov. EK 8e roC ir\r)6ovs T>V (pdeyyop-fvcov, KOTO. fiiKpbv d-rrb yrjy dvafapo- fjLtvov vffpos e8o(v avdts imovoaTfiv KO\ KaTacrKf]TrTfiv fls Tas Tpirjpfis, "Erepoi 8rj (pdapaTa Kal elfiwXa KadopZv ?8o^af eVorrXtov dvfiptav, drr* Alyivrjs ras X"P a * dve^6vra>v Trpb TUIV ' E\\T)VIKWV Tpiijpwv, ovs tina^ov AlaK&as flvai, 7rapaK(K\r)fjifvovs ev^a'is Trpb TJJS fJ-d^rjs firl rrjv Hp>Tos fttv ovir \afj.3avei vavv AvKop.t)r)s, dvfjp ' Plutarch, Life of TJicmistocles, 11-17. T 95 MODEKN GEEEK. et^or opdds TCIS T^pv^vas, Kcii fv Karacrrpco/Ltdrcoj/ raj fco$et row 8pop.ov rcof, 2 Km ray Trap.StSe TrXa- yicas fls TOVS "EXX^ray, drives 7rpocre/3aAXoi> p-fff^ op/if/y, Trpocre'^oiTf y Kvpicds 3 fls TOV Ge^uaroKXrJi', Siort TOVTOV f6apovv a)? fvvoovvTO. inrep TTavra ('XXov TL rfrov TO crv(ji.(pfpoi>, KOI Start npos TO p.epos eiceivov 6 vavapxos TOV Sfp^ov 'Aputfjifvrjs, TJ'Aotoi' e^oiv fJ-f~/f>, fro^fve KOI TJKOV- Tt^'ei', wj UTTO Tet^ovs, 4 tlvrjp 'IKO.VOS &>v /cat aptcrros Kat SiKatdraros K TUIV d8f\(pu>i> TOV j3a(riXea)f. Ovroy, crav Trpoo-fP\f]dr) vno TOV AeKf Aecos 'A/ietn'ov /cat ScotrKcXeour roi) neSiecoy, oiTtves crvi/e'VrAfoi' eVt rov airoi) TT\OLOV, KOI at Tpifjpeis (TTfcrav eV dAAi}Xa)i> Trpoipav Trpus irpcapav, Kal /ia^oynej/at Sta rajf fp.(36\a>v o'vv(K.oX)(.i}6r]o~av ! 5 eppifpdr) fls TO TrXoiov aiiTwv. Airot S* dirtcrrain-fs, /cat KrfTrwi'Tef avTov 8ia TUIV 8opaTu>v rcof, rov (ppityav fls TTJV BaXacra'av, Kat ro crai/^a O.VTOV (pfpofjifvov p.tTa TUV aXXcoi/ vavaylcov dveyvaipicrfv rj 'Apre^tuta, (cat TO fs av" 1 TroXXot uvdpunroi 6p.ov f^yov TOV pvcrTiKov "laK\ov. f 'E roD fj.faov df TOV Tr\r)6ovs T>V Kpavya6vT<>>v f(pdvri vefpos [Ba&p.ijdbv 9 v\l/ovp.(vuv, KOI eVeira, TraXii/ vTro^utpoiiv^ (TreTTfo'fv els ray r/ji^pety. AXXot S' fvofjucrav ort dSov v } 0776 r?y? Alyivr/s fKreivovrw ray ^eipas Trpo Tcav '\\T)viK.u>v Tpirjpuiv, KOI f'lKa^ov u ort rjaov ot Ataici'Sai, ov? tl^ov Trpo rrjy pd^r/s eTTiKaXfcrOf) 8t* ev^(u>v fls jSo^etaf. Ilpcoroy Xotn-of fK.vpifv(Tf TrXotoi' 6 A.vKop.fj8ris, Tpirjpap%os 'Atfqi'atoy, 1 Were borne forward. 2 Drove them out of their course. 3 Paying particular attention. * Shot his arrows and javelins as if from the wall of a city. 5 Fighting with their rams, were locked together. 6 Filled. Usually in modern Greek ' to pay.' 7 As if. 8 The mystic shout of Bacchus. 9 By degrees. I0 Receding. n Conjectured, supposed. O 2 196 Passages from Greek Authors. ANCIENT GREEK. &v, TJS TO. TrapdcrTjfia TrepiKo^as dvedrjKev ATrdXXcon 8avi8rjy, rr]i> KaXfjv fKtunjV Ka\ irfpi- fB6r)Tov dpdfjLfvoi VLKt]v, rjs ovff "EXX^ati/, ovre ftapjSdpois tvdXiov epyov eipyacrrai \ainrp6repov, dvfipeiq p.ev KOI Trpodv/JLia KOIVTJ TO>I> i/au/za^fj- v, yvaifirj de /cat StivoTijTi Ge/xtOTOfcXeovs. ndXetoi/ fj.ei> ovv TTJV Alyun/rap dpicrTfva-ai (pr/a-iv 'HpdSoTos, Qefjucr- TOK\fl 8e (j(ai Trep aKovres VTTO (pdovov) TO irparf'iov dnfftcxrav anav- Tfs. 'ETrel yap dva-%u>pr)8peias, eTf\iov e8a>pT](ravTO, KM TpiaKcxriovs TCOV vfu>v TTO/ZTTOVJ a^pi T>V opcav (rvvegerrep^av. A/yerai d\ 'OXv/X7Ti'a)J/ TO>V e(pet]s dyop.fV(ov, Kal ira.pe\66vTos els TO crrdStov rou Qe[U(TTOK\eovs, d/ieXij- (ravras T>V dya>viv TOVS Trapovras, S\TJV TTJV f)fj.fpav eKfivov 6edcr6ai, KOI TOIS tvois eTTibeiKvveiv a/ia davpdfavras Kal KpoTovvras' &V virep Tijs 'EXXdSoy aurw Tro Plutarch, Life of Themistodes, 11-17. J 97 MODERN GREEK. Kat avTov dncKo^fas TO TrapnV^a, 1 TCI d^ifpuxrfv fls TOV 8a(pvr)(p6poi> 2 ATToXXwya. Of &' oXXot, to-oi /cara TO n\fj6os yu>op.fvoi Trpbs TOVS pappapovs, 7ro\ffj.ovvras fVTos crrei/oO, KOI niTTTOVTas TOVS p,fv erii TOVS Of, TOVS fTpttyav, a<}> ov avreo-Tadrja-av p(XP l Sei'Xqy, 3 a>s Xeyei 6 'Sifiavio'Tjs, TTJV KaXrjv Kal TreptjSoijroj/ fKfivrjv 6piap.lBevo~a.VTfs VIKTJV, rjs ovd* vc0v ovd' VTTO fiapftaputv TTOTC aXXo \ap.TrpoT(pov 6a\d(7(nov KaTcapfftadrj 4 fpyov, Sta TJJS dvftpeias p.fv KOI Trpo6vp.las TravTuiv 6fj,ov Ts K0\ TT)S tKaVOTIJTOS TOV QffJ.l(rTOK\eOVS. Kat fj,(Tav jjxv T>V noXfcov Xeyet 6 'HpoSoTOS ort rjpicrTfvcrfV 5 fj TUV AlyivrjTcav 6 fls Se TOV Qf/j.io-TOK\fa, et KO\ axovres VTTO (p66vov } 7 d.TTf8ct)Kai> oXot TO npaiTflov. AIOTJ, OTQJ/ dva-^a>pr](ravTfs fls TOV ladfjiov, tyrjfpocpopovv ol orpaTrjyol fls TOV /3a>/LidV, TrpwTov p.tv KOTO. TTJV dvSptiav firpoTfivfv fKaoros favTov, 8 SfvTfpov Se /xe^' favrov TOV Qfp,LO~TOK\fa. Of 8e A.aKf8aifj.6vioi } Xa/3dvrfs avTov fls Tr)v 'S,TrdpTr)v ) fd(t>o-av eXai'ay paiOTfpav TTJS a.fj.aav, Kal fo~Tfi\av fj.fT avrov TpiaKoo~iovs TOIV vfTa fj.fTa Tavra 'OXu/^TTta, Kal irpoffit] fls TO orddiov S) ol GfOTul d(pr]Kav TOVS dycovt^ofjifvovs, Kal O\TJV TTJV T]p.fpaV (KflvOV pOVOV ffiXflTOV, KO.I 0av/JLaoVT(S Kal \flpOKpOTOVVTfS TOV fTrfdtiKwov fls TOVS fvovs, n wore Kal avTos fv^apio~Trjdfls a)/zo- \6yt]o-tv fls TOVS fvovs, on aTroXa/ii^di/et TOV Kapnbv TO>V inrfp. TTJS 'EXXaSos dyu>v(ov TOV. 1 Emblems, decorations, figure-head. 2 Laurel-bearing. s Until the afternoon. 4 Has been performed, achieved. 6 Distinguished itself most. 6 That (the town) of the Aeginetans. T Although unwillingly, through jealousy. 8 Everyone proposed himself. ' As a prize. 10 To escort him in pomp. u Pointed him out to strangers. 198 Passages from Greek Authors. V. NUBIAN INSCRIPTION, A. D. 300. The numerous Nubian inscriptions give us an idea of the Greek which was spoken in Aethiopia about the time of Dio- cletian. The spelling is in many cases grossly incorrect, but at the same time most interesting, from the evidence it affords that the pronunciation at that period was the same as the Greek pronunciation now. Among other faults of orthography -e- is written for -at- ; ?;, i, v, (i, 01, are used one for the other so frequently as to prove that their sound was identical. The following extract is a Nubian inscription by a king Silco (Corpus Insc. Ill, p. 486), which possesses some his- torical interest. Date, about 300 A.D. 'TLya> 2i/\.Ka> ftacriXiaKos Nou/3a8coi> Kai oXcoi/ T>V AldioTrcav rjXdov (Is TeX/xtv icai Tdcpiv, aira $vo fnd\fp.r)cra pera T>V JfXfppvcav, Kai 6 6(bs f8K(v poi TO 1/1*77/10 ptra rfav f-^QpSav a7ra, (ViKTjtra TraXtv Kai eKpaTTjcra ras ir6\(is avrutv, fKadfcrdi^v pera rS>v o^\a>v /xou' TO p.fi> jrpa>Tov ana eviKTj(j.opr]driv els TO. ava> pepr] nov. ore eyfyovofJLrjv /3ao~tXto"Kos OVK anf/Xdov oXeus oTr/crco rSav aXXcoi/ fiacn- \(pav avrav (I /ni) KaT^^ia>o~dv fi( Ka\ napaKa- \ovcriv K.aB((r6r]vai. 'E-ycb yap ds Karco fitpt} Xtov el pi Kai tls ava> ^(pr) i.t flpi, (iro\( prja'a p.(ra rSav B\fp,/j.vu>i> KOI TLpifjuttrt ( fj.T* (fjiov. OVK d avrovs Ka6(o-drjvai (Is TTJV crKtav (lp.rj vTTOK\ivovo~i pot Kai OVK eiraxav vrjpbv fcrco els TTJV oiKiav avTtHv. ol yap (iKovo~i pot af>ndv yvvaiKatv Kai TO. TratS/a avTiav, Theophanes and Malalas. 199 VI. THEOPHANES AND MALALAS, A. D. 750. From the age of Diocletian clown to the eighth century the language in which books were written was an artificial Attic, distinct and very different from the dialect spoken at the same period. But towards the end of the eighth century Theophanes and Malalas began to introduce into the literary jargon, then fashionable, a host of ancient words with new meanings, and grammatical forms, which, though they had been used in speaking for centuries, had been entirely disregarded by dignified historians. Among the latter may be noticed (i) 1 The terminations -d8fs, -ddcav, -dSay in the plural of nouns in -as. (2) The endings -is, -iv, for -toy, -iov as, 6 xvpis, TQV Kvpiv. (3) as \a\r]a-a>nev, for \a\rja-a>p.ev. (4) The Perfect Participle without a reduplication. (5) dnb with the Accusative, ds used for ei>, and v, tvra for y, tv. (5) The termination -air for -ai and -ay in the First Declension. 1 Timayenis and Sophocles. aoo Passages from Greek Authors. YH. ANNA COMNENA, A.D. noo. The following lines are given by Anna Comnena, who wrote a history of the Byzantine war about A.D. noo, as an example of the popular dialect of the time. To o-a/3j3dT6>, eVdijo-es for f'vorjvas, the enclitic TO, x a Pti s f r X a P f ^ s use( l optatively, TTJV SfVTfpav for TTJ Sfvrepq, Ka\5>s as a form of salutation still common in Greece, and the diminutive yepduv for VIII. BELTHANDKOS AND CHEYSANTZA, A.D. 1370. The crusades did not pass over the South-East of Europe without leaving their trace in Greek literature. To the 1 4th century belongs the great epic poem, ' Belthandros and Chrysantza/ a romance of knight-errantry, in which this in- fluence is clearly discernible. The Greek mind is not romantic, nor is it easily susceptible of that religious enthusiasm, which then inspired the poets of Western Europe. The Una and Duessa of the Greek epic are regarded as simply women, not as types of the True Church and the Scarlet Lady. " The plot of 'Belthandros and Chrysantza' is simple but imaginative 2 . The hero is Belthandros (a Grsecism for Bertram), the son of Rhodophilus, king of Romania, who has two sons Bertram 1 Saturday of the cheese-week, i.e. the week before Lent. 2 Geldart. A Fragment. 201 and Philarmus, one of whom he loves, and the other of whom he hates. Belthandros, the unfortunate object of his father's displeasure, takes a journey eastward, and after heroic exploits performed at the expense and on the persons of his father's men-at-arms, who are dispatched to bring him back, he reaches Armenia, and the fortress of Tarsus. Hiding by the side of a small stream, he espies a gleam of light in the running waters, and follows up the course of the rivulet a ten days' journey. It leads him to a magic building called the Castle of Love, built of precious stones, and surrounded and filled with every imaginable form of wonder in the way of automaton birds and beasts of gold, reminding us of Vulcan's workmanship. Then follows an introduction to the King of the Loves, the owner of the enchanted palace, who gives him the task of choosing the most beautiful out of forty women. He first selects three, and having thus equalized the problem to that which Paris had solved of old, he proceeds to award the palm to Chry- santza, who turns out to be the daughter of the King of Antiochia, and whose subsequent appearance at the Court of Rhodophilus reconciles the father, and terminates the story with the slaying of the fatted calf." IX. A FBAGMENT, Written probably soon after the taking of Constantinople by the Turks, A.D. 1453. Hflpav TTjV TTO\IV TTTJpdv TT]V, TTfjpClV TTjV 'Sa\OViKTjV ) Hrjpav KIU TT]V ayiav 2o(piav TO p.eya fj.ova(rrrjpi > if ef^e TpiaKoffia a"fjfjLavrpa, Koi f^rjKovra 8vo Kafinavfs' Ka$e Ka^Trava KOL iraTnras KaQe Tramras Kal ftiaKos. 2O2 Passages from Greek Authors. 2t/xu va ftyovv TO. ayia, K 6 /3acrtXear TOU KocrfJiov, <& ^rah.fjito&iav va ^a/ijXcocrovj' T' ayta, Kcu oTfiXfTt Xoyof tls TT/V (ppayKidv, va epflovv va ra Tridcrovv, Na Trapovv TOV \pvabv crravpov, KOI T' ayiov eiayyeXtof, Kai Tiji* aylav rpuTTf^av, va pr) TTJV dfj.a\vvovv. 'S.av T aKovcrfi fj Aecnroiva, $aKpvovv al tiKova' 2d>7ra, Kvpa AeaTrou/a ! pr] K\air]s, fir) Saicpvfaf, IlaXe /ie ^pdi/ovf, p.e Kaipovs, rraXe BIKO. crov flvat. LITERAL TBANSLATION, BY PEOFESSOR JOHN STUART BLACKIE. They have taken the city, they have taken it they have taken Thessalonica, They have taken also St. Sophia, the large minster Which had three hundred altar-bells and sixty-two bells in the steeple. And to every bell a priest, and to every priest a deacon. And when the Most Holy went out, and the Lord of the world, A voice was wafted from Heaven, from the mouth of an- gels, ' Leave off your singing of psalms, set down the Most Holy, And send word to the land of the Franks, that they may come and take it, And they may take the golden cross and the holy gospel And the holy table that the infidels may not pollute it.' When our Lady heard this, her images wept ; 'Be appeased, Sovran Lady, and do not weep, For again with the years, and the seasons, again the min- ster will be yours.' Franciscus ScupJws. 203 FRANCISCUS SCUPHOS, A.D. 1681. This writer was born at Cydon, in Crete, and educated in Italy. The work on Rhetoric, from which the following extract is taken, was published at Venice in the year 1681. Me TO cr^rjua rrjs 8fr]o~fttis 6e\a> TrapaKa\ecrfi rbv e\ev6fpa>Tt]V TOV K.6o~fj.ov XptcrTOVy vd e\fvdfpV 'Ayapqvwv, KOI OTTO ras x f ' l P as TOV 'OTOpaviitov Bpidpecoy. Qdavei, Kpira Si/catcorare, (pddvfi ! "Ews Trore 01 Tpiad6\iot ''EXX^i/ey eleven va f\.piVTai fls TO. SecrfJia rrjs SovXelas, Kal p,e iTTfftrj^iavov TrdSa va TOVS nartj TOV \aifj,ov 6 /3ap/8apos GpaK^s J ecoy Trdre yevos TOCTOV ev&o^ov Kal evyeviKov va TrpocrKwa. eTrai'w fls /3acri\i- KW dpovov eva aCfov Tov\ovnuvi, Kal rj ^copaiy fKfivais fls Tals oTroiais dvareXXfL 6 opaTOS rj\ios, Kal fls avdpatnivrjit popfprjv dverfi\as Kal tcrv o dopaTOs, drro TJUKTV (ptyydpi va ftacrCktvcavTai ', *A, fv0vpT)V dvouias crov e^d\Kfvcrav TO. dcrTpone- XeKia, 5ia va TOVS dfpavicrrjs dno TO TrpocraiTrov TTJS olKoipfvrjs, ecrv OTToO ei(jai oXos et'crTrXay^j'ta, crvy^u>pr]craL Kal cr!Bio~ai tKflva us TO 7re\ayos TTJS dnfipov crov f\friuocrvvr]<:. 'Evdvufjcrov, deavdpane 'irjo'cv, Trots TO fXXrjvtKov yfvos fcrTadrj TO TrpG>Tov, OTTOV tivot^e rat? dyKaXais, 8ta va df^Oj] TO Qtiov crov fvayytXiov' TO npcoTOV OTTOV fppi^f XM a ' T ^ ?3a>X, Kal Kpfp.dp.fvov els eva v\ov ere fnpr.crKv- vr/crfv a)f 6tov' TO TTpatTov, OTTOV dvricrTdBr) Toovv aTTO TOV Kocrp.ov TT)V JTtOTiv, Kal OTTO THIS KapSt'ais TO>I> xpio-Tiavaiv TO dflov crov ovopa' jue TOVS l8pa>Tas TOIV 'E\\fjvu>v rjvavt, XpicrTe pov, fls 6\rjv Tt/v OJKOV- 204 Passages from Greek AutJiors. pfVTjv ij fKK\Tjcria crov' ot "EXX^i/fs TTJV (TrXovTrjcrav pf TOVS drjcravpovs TTJS (Tofpias, TOVTOI KOI p( TTJV y\u>ao~av, Koi pt TOV KaXapov, pt TTJV l&iav a>T]V TTJV 8iafpfVT(Vcrav [defenderunt] TpSJfOfnt pf anfipov pfya\o\lsvx'iav KOI (Is Tals Trov, KO.\ 5ia va Xa/x\^; CTTOU Xd^i- TTft 6 ^Xtoff, rov trravpov r/ &oa KOI TO p.vcrTT]piov' odtv, cos ev- (TTrXay^i'oy, p.e TTJV Of'iKrjv pos xal ndpo^os dvTcnroftoTTjs, dvoiyovras TOVS 6r)o-uvpov? r&>i> 6fia>v (rov TotVj vfyaHTai irakiv fls TTJV TipoTepav 86av TO yevos, Kai, drtb TTJV KOTrpiav, fls TTJV onoiav KadeTai, 86s TOV TO crKTJirrpov Kal TO ^atri- Xetoi'. Nat, ere TrapaxaXS) pa TO X a 'P e emi>o, OTTOV fiptpf TTJV \apav fls TOV KOO-pOV' fJLO. TTjV SflOV (TOV fKftVTjV fVaapKOXTlV, flS TTJV OTTOiaV ovTas Qf6s, fyivr]K.es avdpunros, 8ia va (pavfjs p.f TOVS avdpcanovs (pi\dv- dpconos' p.a TO pdiTTio-fJia, OTTOV pas fTT\vvf dno TTJV apapTiav' pa TOV o~Tavpov OTTOV pas avoif TOV 7rapd8(io~ov > pa TOV ddvaTOv OTTOV pas f8a>Kf TJ]V C a>r ) v ) Ka -L P a T 'l v *v8oov fKfivrjv fyfpcnv, o7roC pas dve'0a(re (Is TO. ovpdvia. Kai av 'Laais KO\ TJ (jxavals TOVTOIS 8(v o~f 7rapaKivovo-iv (Is cnr\dyxvos, as o~f TrapaKivTjo-ovv Ta 8aKpva } OTTOV pov rpJ(mn> OTTO TO oppaTa, Kal tav 8(v (pddvovv Ka\ raOra, TJ (pcovais, TJ TrapaKtiXecrats TWV dyttav crov, oirov diro oXa ra pfpf) TTJS rptcra^Xt'aj'EXXa'Soy (pa>vdovcri. vdd OTTO TTJV IldXti/ et/as XpvaocrTopos, Kal erf. TrapaKaXfl va pyv KvpifvfTni OTTO TOVS fX&povs TOV Ylov fKfivrj fj X^P ) OKOV piav (popav d(pi{pu>0T) TTJS M?;- Tpos KOI Uapdfvov' (pavd^fi 17 AtKcrrepiva, Kal 8dxvovTd crov TOV Tpo- X^v, fls TOV OTTolov fpcipTvpTjcrfj o~f TTapaKa\fi 6 Tpoxos TrdXt va yvpiarr/ TIJS TVX>IS fita TTJV 'A\(dv8p(iav' (pcavd^ovcnv ol 'lyvanoi dno TTJV 'Avrioxfiav, ol Ho\vKapnoi dno TTJV SpvpvTjv, ol Atowcrioi OTTO TOS 'AdTjvas, ol 'nvpi8a>v(s dno TTJV Kvnpov, Kal Set'^voj/ras crov TOVS Klephtic Ballad. 205 \eovTas OTTOV TOVS f^e(T^io~av i TOLS (pXoyais onov TOVS fKavo~av, ra cri'Sepa OTTOV TOVS edepurav, eXTTi^oucri dno TTJV axpav crov tvo-7T\ayxviav TCOV eXXijWKWV TtoXe&v /cat 0X77? T^S 'EXXdSos TTJV XI. KLEPHTIC BALLAD. No collection of examples of Modern Greek literature can be complete which does not include one of those ballads which kept the spirit of the Greeks alive under the Turkish yoke, and fired them with that enthusiasm and courage, by which a portion eventually regained their freedom. THE BUEIAL OF DEMOS. C O ijXtos eflacrtXeve, K 6 A^oy Siard^Vt 1 ' Supre, TraiSia pov, 's TO ffpov, ^a>/ii va tpdr' aTro^e. Kai crv, Aa/JLTrpaKT] p.' dve^if, na6ov e'Sw KOVTU /MOD* Nd ! r apfjiaTa fj.ov (popecre, va ^crat KaniTavos' Kat crels, TratStd pov, rrapere TO eprjfJLo o-rradi pov, Tlpdo-iva Ko\l/T /cXaStd, crrpaiiTre p.ov va Kat (pepTe TOV TTVfvp.aTi.KO va fj.' e^ Na TOV finu> Ta KpipaTa TTOV e^ v aT Kd/iere TO KijSovpt fj.ov ?rXarv, ^jyXo va y Na crrtV opdos va TroXe/nw, Kat StVXa j/a K' OTTO ro p-epos TO fie^t dcprjo-Tf irapadvpi, Ta ^eXtSoVta j/a 'p^wirat, TIJI* avoiiv vu (pfpovv, Kat T* dySdi/ta roi/ KaXbv Mat va ^e paOaivovv.' 2o6 Passages from Greek Authors. Professor Geldart gives the following as a nearly literal translation : The sun was falling from his throne when Demos thus commanded : ' Oh ! children, get you to the stream, to eat your bread at even; And thou, Lambrakes. kinsman mine, come near and sit beside me ; There, take the armour which was mine, and be like me a captain. And ye, my children, take in charge the sword by me for- saken ; Cut branches from the greenwood tree, and spread a couch to rest me. Go fetch me now the priest of God, that he may come and shrive me, For I would tell him all the sins that I have e'er committed, While thirty years a man-at-arms, one score and five a robber. And now to take me death has come, and I for death am ready. Then make my tomb on every side right broad, and high above me, That I may upright stand to fight, and stoop to load my musket : And on the right hand side, I pray, leave me a little win- dow, "Where swallows in the early year may bring the spring- time with them, And of the merry month of May the nightingales may tell me.' Adamantios Coraes. 207 XII. ADAMANTIOS CORAES. Adamantios Koraes, from whose writings the following extract is taken, is by far the greatest figure in the history of Modern Greece. He was born in Smyrna in 1748, but left the East and studied Medicine, first at Amsterdam and then at Montpellier. In 1788 he came to Paris, where he remained throughout the Revolution. His literary studies soon spread his fame throughout Europe, while his eloquent letters and pamphlets did much to stimulate the national spirit of his countrymen. The Salpisma Polemisterion was published in Paris, on the death of Rhegas, in 1803. It contains some of the finest passages in Modern Greek, passages indeed which are surpassed by few in any language for their exalted pa- triotism and fervid eloquence. 2AAIII2MA HOAEMISTHPION. Ilo\ffj.r)craTf XOITTOI', o> /icyaXoT^v^a Kal yevvaia TfKva T>V HaXaicov *'E\\r)vas TOV MopaOcovos, TTJS 2aXa|iij/os, TUIV llXaratwv, TO>/ Oep/^toTTi/Xcoi/, TOVS aKUTafiax^Tovs irpoyovovs eras. 'AXXa rl Xeyta 6e\ti eras f^icroxTfiv ; Ta>i> TovpKuv 6 Stcoy/nos OTTO TT/V 'EXXaSa 6f\ei vas Karaorijcreti' TOCTOV tv8ooTfpovs KOI CZTT' ai/Tovs TOVS MtXTidSar, TOVS 0e/irro*cXear Kal TOVS Aea>vi8as, oo~ov (v ivai va (jj.iroo'icrr) TIS TTJV apxyv TOV e^dpbv va tpftfj ds TTJV TOV. irapa va TOV Stco^?; dcpov xpovovs TTO\\OVS piat6;/ ds avTrjv. IIoXe/^Tjcrare, (pi\oi Kal d8f\(poi } TOVS dirav0panrovs TovpKovs' o%i oucas cos TovpKoi, o%i ms fpovels, dXX' cos yevvaioi TIJS fXtvdepias OTparaJrat, u>s virepaarmo-ral TTJS If pas r)p.S>v 6pij(rKfias Kal TTJS Trarpi'Sos. Xvcrere ^coptj f\fov TO alfia T>V f^Bpiav, ocrovs tvpeTf fdyrr\io~fJ.ej/ovs KOTO. TTJS e\(vdfpias, Kal fTolftovs va eras 208 Passages from Greek Authors. TT]v farjv. *As aTroOavT) OCTTIS TvpavviKo~i TO. 8(o~p,d ra>v. 'AXXa CTTrXay- Xvio-6r)T( rbv IJCTV^OI/ TovpKov, oor/y fqrei TTJV arwTrjpiav TOV /ne rf]v 'EXXdSa, vTroracrao/nei'os els vop.ovs SiKaiovt, KOL yevofifvos KOI avros rous Kapnoiis rtjs eXevdeplas, Ka6a>s ol rpatKol. Ka6v (pifiepd, dXX' a? yevy pe SiKatocrvvrjv. *A? 8fi{-a>[j.fi> (Is TO aypiov ra>v MoucrofX/nai'CDj/ yevos, on p.6vrj TTJS eXtvdeptas fj fTTidvuia, Kal o%i f) 8tya TOV (povov KOI TTJS apirayrfs, pas f^wTrX^cre TO.S x.etpas. *As fjiddaxriv ol anduBpanroi Tovpzoi a7r6 TTJV f)p.eTfpnv niav, on fita va 7ravo-p.(voi, y(vvaloi TOV 'E\\T)VIKOV ovo^aTOs K\T)pov6p.oi, Tro\(fJir]o-aT( y(vvaia>s Trepi Trio-T((i>S, TTfpl TTOTpiboS, TT(pl yVVUlKOIV, TTfpl TfKVtoV, TT(pl Trdo~T]S TTJS irapovcrrjs Kal TTJS p^o//ewjy y(V(ds T>V rpatKutv, TOV Tpio~^dpQapov, TOV ao-it\ay\vov Tvpavvov TTJS 'EXXaSor, av 6e\(T( va V naXaiuv 'EX\f)va>v aTroyovoi, av 6e\(T( va d(pr)o~riT(, a>s (Kelvoi, TO ovopd o~as ddfjLvrjVTOv (Is TOVS aiwvas TO>V alaivcav. T(VOITO ! 'ATpo'/xj;ros 6 eVc Mapadcovos. Funeral Oration on Lord Byron. 209 xin. TRICOUPIS, A.D. 1821. The following notice was prefixed to S. Tricoupis' collected speeches, published in 1862. It will draw the attention of the reader to the change which has taken place in the Greek language between 1821 and the present day. ANAFNQ2TA ! 'EK8i8a>v TOVS ava ^eipaj Xdyovf fj6t\Tjo-a va StaTT/pijcrw TO yvfjviov avTwv v(j>os' 1 TOVTOV XP lv Touj Tvjrovo) OTTCBS TOVS aTTijyyeiXa. 'O rpOTros OVTOS TTJS (K^ocretas \i TI KaXoV SeiKvvei onolas fj.(ra- ^oXas 2 vTTtcrTT) f] ev noivfj -^pi](Tfi y\K>(T(ra OTTO TOV 1824, naff ov Kaipois a.TTT)yyf\6ri 6 TrpStros Xdyos ^XP 1 TO ^ 1 86 1, Kaff ov dmjYyf \0r) 6 TfXevraios. 'Ev 'Affrjvais, 1862. 2. TPIKOYIIH2. FUNERAL ORATION ON LORD BYRON. Adyo? 'ErrtK^Setoy 3 tls TOV AdpSoj* NdeX Mirdipava,* anoQuvovra Kara TTJV 6 'AnpiXiov TOV 1824 (TOVS, TTJ KvpiaK;/ TOV Ildo^a tv Me(roXoyyi6), OTTOU KOI f^f(f} Xpto-Tos dveorrj, tycivtv axapis, TTJV r]p.epuv TOV 1 To preserve their genuine form (style). * What changes. s Funeral oration. * This spelling has now fallen into disuse, and 'Vvpcuv ' is generally adopted. 5 Joy and exultation. 6 Sadness, melancholy. 2io Passages from Greek Authors. (Is ra X f ^ kl J T " >v 'EXXijvwi' XpumaNM>, ot orroloi, OTTOV Kal av o~vva-navrovo~av evas TOP aXXov TO irpati TTJS Tjpepas (KflvTjs, irpiv CLKO^TJ o~vv(vxT)6ovv Tas KoXas eoprar, crvvepaTovvro, ira>s dvai 6 MvXopSos ; XiXidSer avdponroi mfoyftfroi va 8u>o~ovv p(Tav TU>V TO Qtlov TTJS ayajrTjs (Is TTJV fvpvxvpov TreStaSa e^w TOV TfL^ovs TIJS pas, ((paivovro OTI crvvaxdlKav fiovov KOI p.6vov 8ia va TOV fXevdfpatTTjv TOV Tlavrbs 2 vrrtp Ttjs vytias TOV o~vvayu>vio~rov TTJS eXfvdfpias TOV Tfvovs pas. Kai TTWS TITOV Svvarov va prj trvvrpiftfj fj KapSia o\ fvpfdrj SXXijv (popav TO fiepos TOVTO Tr/s 'EXXdSor fls 7Tfpicro~OTpav xP e ^ av Ka ^ dvdyKrjv Trapa tls TTJV fnox^v, Kaff TJV 6 TTO\vQpf]vr)TOs Mv\bp8 'MTraipcov fVepacre Ktv8vvevo~as *coi avrfiv TTJV farjv TOV fls TO MetroXoyyt j s Kal rdre Kai els ovov naipov o~uvtr]o-( (i.at) pas, 8(v fdtpdirtwe TO TrXoucrtoTrdpo^dv * TOV X*P l Ta XpTjpaTiKa 8fivd pas, TO. onola f) Trrw^eta pas TO. afavev d8tdp$a>ra ; nocra aXXa KaXd, jroXii aKoprj peya\T)Tfpa, T)\iriapev an' avrov TOV avftpa j Kal o-Tjpepov, dXXoipovov I o-f]pfpov 6 Triiepos Ta(pos tcaTawivei teal avrbv teal Tas (\iri8as pas ! 'AXXa 8ev f/piropovo-f rd^a Kadfjpevos Kal epiav TTJS aapbias TOV (Is [Bofjdeidv pas ', TOVTO dpKovo-f 8ia rjpds' 7 fj 8oKipavpevT) (ppovrjo-is 8 TOV IlpofSpov Trjs BovX^s Kal AIOIKTJTOV pas rj&ehev oiKovopfio-(i pe pova avTa Ta pto~a TTJV do-(f>d\(iav TGOV p(p>v TOVTU>V' dXXd, av dpKovo~( TOVTO 8ia fjpds, 8fv dpKovo~(v, QXI, 81 avTov' TT\ao~p(vos dyro rf)v o~iv TU>V o~vyypanp.TG)v TU>V aava.Ta>v Trpoyo- va>v pas, TO. onola StSa'cncow oaovs f)tvpovv 1 va TO. 8iaf3dovv, o%i fiovov T'L flvin, ttXXa Kal ri Trperrei va fjvai, /cat T'I fjfj.Troptl 2 va r/vai 6 "Av0pu>Tros, ft'Se TOV faxp(iu>fj.cvov, 3 TOV d\vcro8fp.evov tivOpamov rrjs EXXaSos va eVi^eipicr^/y va aruvrptyi) 4 TUS piKTas dXutrous TOV Kai TU (rvvrpip-fjiaTa TWV aXvcrav TOV va Kaprj KCTrrepa i(prj 8ia va dvaKTTjO'r) fjLt T!]V ftiav o, TL TOV ap7rao~tv 17 @iu, etSe, nal afpTjafv o\as ras nvcvpariKas KU\ o~u>fj.uTiKas diroXavcrfis TJ]S Y,vpumrjs, /cat 'l\6f va KaKOTraBrjcrrj Ka\ va Ta\anru>pr]6f] G fiatf pas, crvvayu>vt^6fj.fvos O^l fAOVOV /J.f TOV 7r\OVTOV TOV, TUV OTTOIOV fif f\VTT"f]6r], U%1 fJLOVOV /jl Trjv yva>o~iv TOV, TTJS oiroias pas fdcoKf Tocra crcorr^p/coS^ OT)fJ.fla t dXXa Kai p.e TO criraBi TOV aKovurpevov 7 evavriov TTJS rupavvias KM TJJS @apfiapoTT)TOS' f)\8fv, els fva \6yov, Kara rr/v uapTVptav TUIV oiKiaKuv TOV, uf drrofpaaiv 8 va dnoddvr) (is TT/V 'EXXaSa Sta TTJV 'EXXdfia' TTWS XotTTOf va pr] crvvTpi^fi o\u>v fiat f] KapSi'a fita TTJV ffTtp-qcriv OVTOV TOV dvftpos j 77a>j va fir) K\avo-u>iJ.(v Trjv (TTfprja'iv TOV a>s yevtKrjv vi6fievos va Kvpifixrrj avTo, KOI vd Ka6v7roTdi) 1 TOVS 2ot/Xia>Tar dXX oj veoi CZVTOI STrapriaTai, ffj.irvt6p.evoi 2 dnb TO itpbv aiV oir\av TOV, Kcrretpvyev (Is TTJV tvvafj.iv T>V xpT)fj.d.T(i>v, (\iria>v OTI 81 avrStv T)6f\e KaropQuHTfi * TOVS (TKoirovs TOV. "Odfv o-Te'XXet (is TO SovXtov, KCU fit' avrutv Trpoo-fpepei 8vTa? , vTToo-^ofKvos eis avTovs Kal do~v8ocriav 6 Kal o SijTTOTe -yaias 7 TOV ^TJJO-OJOTI irpbs dnoKardo-TafTiv TO>V, dp Trapaba>(ra)O~i TOVS aTropdf)Tovs ftpdxovs TOV SouXiou TCOV. 'looii Se TJ OTraiT^crif TOV ^patKOv TOUTOU Xaov et9 Taj TOU 'AXjjTraCTa : " Be^tp 'AX;7racm ere ^aip(Tovfi(v g ! 'H TraTpi's /^as tfai dirdpus y\vKvrepa Kal dirb Ta ucrirpa Tou. ot *cat fj.(yd\oi." 1 And to subdue. * Inspired by the holy sentiment. * Beat back. * In the hope that by their means he would attain his ends. 5 Two thousand purses a Turkish purse = 500 Piastres, about 5. 6 Exemption from tribute. 7 And whatever lands they might ask of him to settle on. 8 If they would only give up the impregnable rocks. 9 We greet thee. 10 Your money, literally white coins. *Ev darrrpov, one farthing. n You labour in vain. l2 Of the last Suliote. Tricotipis. 215 6 ' A\j]iraV yewaiav SovAiorroii', irpocrecpvyev ds TCI rrjs SiatpeVewr 2 KOI TTJS TrpoSocrtar. 'Eirpoa-TrdQq&e \oinov va s s TOV SovAtwT^f Zepfiav, Kal dia rrjs TrpoSocrtav vxfl TTJV VTroSovXtocriv TOV SovA/ou. "Qdev ftrpocrfaptv Is avrov OKTaicocria Trouyyi'a Kal /neyi'crray ri/j.ds, av (rvvrfXeo-r) * etv rovs O-KOTTOVS TOV. 'AXX' 6 SouAtwrJjs Zep/3as tSov ri aTrrjVTrjfff TTpos TOV ' A.\T]irci(rav '. " 2e ei^apioTw, 'Bf^ipr], 8tci TIJI> Trpos tyue dyaTr^v trov' TrA^v ra oKTaKovia TTovyyt'a TrapaxaAoi i/a /xi) ^lov ra OTeiA^r, eVetS^ /cat 8ei/ r)fvpa> va TO. nfTp-fjcrm' KOI &i> rj^evpa TraXtv 8ev TJJJLOVV ev^apicrTT}- /neVos ovTe p.iav irerpav Ttjs Trarpi'Sos fj.ov va trot Stocrco 61* dvTar\T)- pa>p.i']v, 5 Km oti^i Trarpi'Sa oAoxAr/pov wr (^afTa^eerat. 6 'H TI^I) 8e OTTOV 7 [iov i>n6o-\fo-ai p.ov fivai axpTjcrros. 8 IlAoOros KOI Tipy els p,f tlvai ra ap/xara (iuv, 9 p.e ra OTroTa a7ra$a!/an'(J'a> 10 ro fjLOv, vnfpaaTTi^dfjLevos TTJV yXvKVTaTTjv [JLOV Trarpi'Sa. II. TRICOUPIS. Article from the Newspaper, 'H"flpa, of April 12/24, l &79- ENE2TQTA. 'Aptarr; 17 crv/i/SovAj?, TJV eV r< ^Bfcrivm avrfjs v eK TOV Trav(r\afito~fJiov Kiv8vvayV Tacrfcov KOI TO>V 8o\oir\oKiS)V TOV iravcr\a^io-fjiov eXa/3e Kal f) TovpKia, dXX' fK T7)s irdpas Tavrrjs ov8ev cr^eSoi' rj Hv\r) tdiftaxdij. Kat a-vvrjdes p.ft> TOVTO rfj Tlv\rj, TO TrapaSo^orepoi' Spas eivat, OTI rr\v avTTjv TTJS Hv\rjs dp^Xvainiav 3 8fiKi>vfi tv rw ^rjj/ian TOVTCO f) dvTihr)TTT<0p * TTjs TovpKias 'AyyXia. KaiVoi rj Kv$fpvr]ais TOV \6p8ov Br]Kovcr(pi.\8 avtypa^fv tv TW Trpoypa/iuart TTJS ai/aroXt/c^r avrijs iroXiTiKTJs TTJV KaraTroXe^crii' TOU Trai/erXajStcr/iov, rocroOroi' oXi'yov f'wofl Trjv d\T}6rj a-rj/jLafriav TOV KtvSvvov, ov ex TOV Trav(T\a^io-fJ.ov diaTpe'xei f] Tovpxia, coore awl va o-vvto-Ta 5 TTJ Hv\j) vTro irpos TTJV 'EXXaSa X"*P lv wnirpd^tats /ier' avrf/s Kara TOV ), Tovvavriov crvvaivel 6 e('s vno')(a>pr)v vnb TOV fi(po\ivfiov &vo-tS>v TTJS HV\T)S. 'Arravrtav ecr^aTwy 6 K. Aai'ytapS tis TWO. rrpf- eirrev, OTI ol aXavoi 6e\ovo-i KaTcnrviei 8 TTJV evdev TOV At/zou av 6 Alpos 8ev KaTa\r)V o6a>[JMViKt0v OTpaTfvp.aT(ov. "OTTCOS 8e 6 ayy\os Trpecr^euTJ^y, oirra) ical ot ayyXoi vTTOvpyol 7riKa\ovvTai TT]V rrepl TJJS eXXijviK^s edvoTrjTos pepifivav, otrd/cis df\ovcri v dvTiTaxdaxri KOTO. Ttav d^iucreatv TOV Travo-XajBurpov. 'Evtpyfiav Sfjuas anovbaiav VTrep 9 T^S eXXrjvtKrjs fdvorrjTos Sia TUV 7rpoo~(p6pv ovdeniav oaii/tarcoeri, TOVVUVTIOV Se fvdvs u>s eveKd T&V dXXa^o'^i dyy\iKcav (rvfj.(pfp6vTa>v t) ev(Ka \6yatv u>pr)cra>o-iv dvayKaiav TTJV vnox^d>pT)criv dntvavri T>V ^creaii' ov (JLOVOV \rjcr (J.OVOVCTI TTJV Trept 'EXXdSos /j.pi[jivav, dXXa 8ev dtorafotio'ti', 10 av 17 Trepi'crTacrt? TO eTnTpeirrj, tva 1 Has embraced. 2 Taught by cruel experience. 3 Dimness of sight, short-sightedness. * Defender, protector. 5 Instead of recommending. 6 Assents to, acquiesces in. 7 Pursuing. * Stifle. In favour of. 10 Do not hesitate. Tricoupis. 217 TroiTjo~u>iTai TTJV VTro^a>prjo~iv dva\a)p.ao'i TTJS 'EXXdSos. Tovro oe (pali>(Tai (rvfiftalvov KOI 77877 e' d(popp.TJs TU>V TTJS dvaTO\iKTJs 'Pw/iuXios. 'O 'AX/Kos Tracras Boyopi'Sr7s dva$ei\6els 8ioiKTjTTjs TTJS dwiroXiK^s 'Pu>fj.v\ias, lyKpicrfi TU>V fvpa>ira'iKa>v bwdpfcov, cnrevdei rrplv TJ eyKOTa- (TTaOfi fv XT; vfq avrov 6f(T(i, tva S^/iout'a irpoeKdr) v rfjs BovXyaplas. 'H Be fj.fraj3a(Tis rov KO/XTJTOS 2ov/3aXo)^) fls Bievvrjv, dvapevofievov avroOi a7r6\j/f, vnoTidfTat ov^i ncr^eros 3 irpbs TTJV fiwos 6\iya>v ^epwi/ crvyKporrj6r)(rop.tvT]i> ftovXyapucrjv avve- \(V(rii> Trpos (K\oyrjV Tjytfjiovos Kal Trpbs TTJV Trapa(TKevaonei>r)v dvdp- prffriv fTT\ TOP fiovKyapiKov Opovov rov dveyvutpia-pivov ino rrjs Evpa>nr;s SiotKTjrov rfjs dvardXiKfjs 'P/j,v\ias. K.iv8vvei,fl ovrcas r) ayyXiKT) Kv(3epvT](Tis va i8rj Karappfov 5 irp\v rf ert firicnfyacr6rj TO nap' avTrjs tTrivor]6ev oLKo86/j.rj^.a TTJS dvaTci\i.KT)s Pw/iuX/a? KOI TOITO or)criv, ort dcr(pa\(s e8a(pos dvTKTTacrftos (v rots dcriv els TTJV ai/nroXiK^i/ 'Pu>/j.v\!uv r]TO r) f\\r]voTovpKiKr] crvfjifjia^ia. TTJV. (rvfj.fia^iav ravTrjv 8ev dtroKpoiovaiv ol ayyXoi vnovpyoi, Tovvavriov Se avvi&TuxTiv avTTjv ev Xdyots' o oe K. \aiyiap8 TCIVTTJV TTJV avftfta^iav 'AyyXt'a T]6f\rj(Tav va KaTavoTja^ariv, 'Ev nXXats Trepio-Tdafo-iv tacos Kal TTJS 'E\\ddos at aTratTT^creiy SV $a rjcrav ivTrpny/jLaTOTroLT/Toi, 7 ocrov eivai al (TTjfj.(pivai. 'H 'EXXa? crr)p.(pov KaTavoovcra, on fv TTJ crvfiirpd^fL 'EX\d8os Kal Tovpxius eyKfiTai T) (TtoTrjpia TOV f\\Tjvicr^ov Kal TJ tv TW p.e\\ovTi dvcnrTvis OVTOV ov8ev aXXo uTratTft cos opov TTJS TOiavrrjs avfJLTrpd^fws TJ TTJV $iappvffp.i(Tiv TOV fX\T]VOTOVpKLKOV ftfT^fiaTOS, KaS" OV TpOTTOV IKalOVlCTtV ailTTjV T) EvpaifiT) fv avv(o'pia>. 'EvvoTjcrfv TJ EvponnTj, on Trpos vvvftfcriv cr^e- V o~uv6pa>v uprj ras d(>opfias rcav ia(pu>via>i>. 8 "Orav 1 Governor. 2 Candidate. 3 Is not unconnected. * The assembly, conference. 5 Tumbling down 6 Before it is roofed in. 7 Practicable. 8 Causes of discord. 2i8 Contemporary Greek Writers. fj 'EXXa? dnoKTf](TT] u>s crvvopov Tov"O\vp.noVj TO. Kanftovvia KOI TO. 8iaxa>piovra rr)v "HTretpof UTTO TTJS -AXfiafUtS (pvatKa crvvopa, dvvarai Kal fVTtp,a>s Kal XvcrireXwj rrpbs TOV eXX^j/Kr/ioc va o-vvd^l/rj cr\icr(ts Trpbs TTJV yf'nova fnutpaTtiav cru/ijua^tKas Trpbs vTrepdo-mo-iv TOV VTTO rrjs (3epo\ivfiov crvvd!]Kr}5 K(idiepa>6fvros KaSfcrTforos. 1 "Avev Se rf/s 7rpay/j.aTonot.ris TOV opov TOVTOV CLVT\ oroi^ei'ou a-vvrrjprja-fats TOV Ka6((rra>Tos ecrrai dwzTroSpacrrcos 2 ff 'EXXas KOI 6 eXX^i/icr/ios crTOf^eiof 8ta\v(Tfa>s KOI trpos Idiav eavTov {jifiiav, aXXa Kal npos o\fdpov TTJS Tli-\r)s. 'Ev6(r$Xa>rroucrt 3 Ttpbs TOS dXrjdfias ravraj, f) Xvcris TOV (\\rjvoTOVpKiKOV rjTT][j,aTOS Ba ixpia-Tarcu dvafto\t)V. 'AXXa icat f] Hv\rj Kal ij'A-yyXia $a eaKo\ov6a>(Ti TV(p\aiT- rovcrai, 4 ecdcra) ytWrcu irpbs ai/Tas ^p^crts \IQVQV TCOV eVt^tpr//iars dyyeXdfv apdpov T-^S " raXXiK^r A^oKpariW igrlBlfn TO. emxeiprfp-aTa TavTa 8ui TTJS (rvvT)6ovs Trj f(pr)p.pi8i cKfivr] deivoTi/Tos' aXX' dvfirapKf)s v diro&eixdf) Kal rj crvirrjyopia avTT), av p.r) drjfiiovpyrj&rj eVt^aXXoDcra TTJ Hv\r) /cat TTJ 'AyyX/g tvepyeiav dwnep- deTOV fv ra> eXX^ft/ew ^rjTrjp.aTi. TTJV 8r]piovpyLav TTJS KaTaordcrea)? ravr^y dvapevfi f/ Kvftepvijo-is CK T>V aXXcof rj eK TTJS TV^S, 8ei> five 8' dftvvarov va eire\6r] (K TOIOVTOOC d(popfj.a>v roiavrr; /cardcrTacriff. 'AXXd TO Kaff f]p.ds (ppovovufv, OTI 8ev tTTtTfXei TO KaOrjKOV avrr^s T) KV/Bepinjais f) 8vvap.fi>ri va 8r)fJ.iovpyf)(TT) KaTaorao'ti', favayKaov(rnv TOS Avvafjitis (Is (TTiTfXfcriv TOJV uTrocr^eVea)!' avT&v Kal p.rj Tof5ro, dfpivovtra of, tva Trapep^toi/rai dXXjjXo3ia8d^cos 6 at (VKaipiat o\iycopovp.vov TOV f\\r)viKov ^rjTT]fJ.aTOS, OTTfp OTTO TTJS VTTO- ypafprjs TTJS ftepoXivflov o-vvdi)Kr)s ov8e (Is TO. 7rp6cra>. s 1 The established order of things consecrated by the Berlin Treaty. 2 Unavoidably. 3 Are blind. * Note construction. 5 Arguments. 6 Successively, by turns. 7 Hitherto. 8 Forward. Stefanos Xenos. 219 III. STEFANOS XENOS. Extract from the Newspaper, "'O BpfrraviKos 'Aarrip,''' June 4/16, 1878. IIEP1 TOY YIIOYPrElOY TON AHMO2IQN EPFQN. napaSe^d/neroi 1 a7ra| ort 17 eXX^n/ci) Kv(3fpvr](Tis e^ei ra xprjfiara KO.\ T) loia avaXa^tj3ai/f t 2 fita TOV virovpydov TO>V OTjpoo-iGov epyaiv rus TTfpl ov 6 \6yos eVtxetpTjo-eis, 3 otyfiXopev va i'Tro8(ia>[J.fv t OTI TO virovpyelov TOVTO irpiiTfi va Staipedf) els 8id(popa rny/tara (KCKTTOV* vno fl8iK.Siv Ixaorov (cXaSou "AyyXtoj/ cai ov^l 'E "Ayy\(av oiTives ytvTj(TovTai SCOTCH 5 a^ta rfj d(piei ratv Iv 'EXXd8t, "AyyXcoi' 7!-apaKo\ovdovfj.fva>v 6 vno rov dvayKaiov TrpocratTTiKov avr)v, o OVTOI 6a (K\ta>cri KOL ipfpcoai p.fff eavrSiV eKacrros Ttpos Siopydvaxriv TOV xXaSou ro)j/. Tory Tfj.rjfj.aT(ipxcis TOVTOVS f) KVJ3(pvT)cns o^ftXet va TrpoaXdftrj fK T>V SifvdvvT&v T>V TTpcaTicrTvv @iop.r])(aviKS>i> KaracrTrj/jidTcov 7 rrjs 'AyyXias, ra cnrola OVTOI opyavivavrfs Trpo 8tKcnrfVTafTias ToiXa^to-roi/ fatvduvowiv, ov^l avSpas (vpa>7ra'iKT)s fprjfJ-f]S r/ 6fa>pT)TiKOVS (rvyypa- s n\ovcrios /SovXevT^s 9 Ste'p^eTat TO TrXeiarov pfpos TOV /Si'ov TOV tv AovSiVw paKpav TOV (pyo&Tacriov TOV. Ol TOIOVTOI avSpts TrdvroTf aval e^wStacr/zeVot p.Ta T>V dvayKaia>v JTTO- Tcav aXXcoi/ tpyoo-racriaiv, ev ols iraiSiodtv flpydadrjcrav 7roXvTt/ia UTToSfiKTiKO. Trjs iKavoTTjTos, Ti/j.ioTrjTOs Kal eyKpa- Tei'as 11 TUIV as Kal TOV x a P aKT nP of TO>V. Ovftffiiav fie 5vo~KO\tav 1 Admitting, acknowledging. 2 Undertakes. s The enterprises in question. * Must be divided into various departments, each one directed. 5 Greek citizens. 6 Accompanied by. '' Industrial establishments. 8 But humble, practical foremen. 9 M.P. 10 Fur- nished with the necessary certificates. 1( Of ability, honesty and sobriety. Contemporary Greek Writers. df\(i aTTavTrjcrrj fj eXX. KV/3fpvr]o~is TOIOITOVS Sv8pas dva^rjTovo~a va evp/7, av XP T l~y*l cr ll npos TOVTOIS TOV avTov fj.io-dbv Kai Tivas (dviKas yaias TI VTroxpetodf) 1 els fj.e\)(ova'dv Tiva dp.oifir]v /Afro, rfjv 8iopydvV fpyooracruoj>' \f'yop.fv (K Tre/pas 2 OTI ov8ffj.iav 8vcrKO\lav 8(\ti diravrfjfrij f) Kvfifpvrjvis irpbs TOVTO 8i6ri dnb TOV 187 2 1875 SujX^o/zev ras fiioprjxaviKas TroXets rrjs 'AyyXias TTpbs irV 7r\ei(TTa>i> TOVTO>V, Kal fjKovo-aiJiev TroXXovs TOVTCOV TrpOTeivairas Trpcorovy, on (Tre6vp.ovv 3 va eXdaxri els 'EXXd8a, /cat dvoiu>piovcri Tivas inro^'^avi- KOVS Kal e'pydras 4 TrpeVei va crv/iTTapaXd/Scocri p. ff eaurcoi'. To oXov de TTJS VTro6to~ea>s 8ev flvai fTfpov r/ OTI ol *Ayy\oi \tyovo~i 8(ivdpia, (TfKlvia Kal Xipas 5 . At' 6 fj f\\t]viKr) Kv^tpinjcns 6(pc!Xfi va nXypoMTrj TOVTOVS ovj(l cos TOVS Tp.T]p.aTdp%as aitTrjs TWV aXXcov VTrovp- yfla>v, uXXa \i\ias Kal ^iXtay TrevraKoaias Xt'pas crrs 6 *caraXXr;Xoy 6 dvrjp 6f\(i ot/coi/o/zfi er TroXXa? ^tXidSas Xi'pas 7rpoXap/3di'a)i' 7 TO. T>V firj^avStv o-vp-ftaivovra, TTJV (pdopav TOVTCOV Kal ra? KaTa^prjcreis' 8 TO Kvpia>Tfpov de irdvrwv, (Is ^etpas TOU rj eTrt^ei'p^crt? ecrerat aoxpaXr^y' OVTOS 8' ecrerat \mtv6vvos nepl TOV Trpoo~o8o(f)6pov rj eTrtf^t'ou 9 evbs Trpo'iovros TOV fpyocrTaeriov, TO 8e Kvpta>Tfpov TTOVTOIV, OVTOS ofptlXei va 8iddr) TOVS fJif\\ovTas va StaSe^^axri TOVTOV Kal fLop(pa>o~T) TTJV o-^oXijf tnanpt TOV K\d8ov avTOv, TTJV p.T) eVtSf^oynei');!' 8fVTepas fj TptTrjs Ta^fco? fvaivov 10 avdptonov. Ol TOIOITOI, Kvpioi a\\as yvuxrfis 8ev f^ovaiv f) TOV errayyeX/uaTos J1 TO>I>, Trpoy 6 alarddvovTai (rvvrjdws 8iaTrpvo-iov f'patTa, TO fTrdyyeXfjia. TO>V flvai TJ fj.epip.va avTa>v, 6 KapKivos Tiav' flvai 8e o-vv8pop.ijTal els p.ovov Tas fTTio-TrjuoviKas f(f)rjfj.fpi8as, r) o~vy- ypdp.fj.aTa TOV (7rayye\p.aTos TO>V } Kal napaKoKovdovo'i Tas ((pevpecrtis 1 Or pledge itself. 2 We speak from experience. 3 That they desired. * What subordinates and workmen. 5 Pence, shillings, and pounds. 6 Suitable, proper. 7 Guarding against. 8 Abuse. 9 Responsible for the profit or loss. 10 Cheap. n Profession, trade, calling. Ang. Vlachos. 221 rrjs Tjp-epas, KpciTovvres tn^etaxms KOI owes firfj/jiepoi KOI Trjs eXTt&jafajff 1 rj Trpo68ov TTJS yvofj.evr)s (*s TI epyoaracriov' rj a 2 rs fK fiovoTovlas irfpicrrpfCpovTai navai povov p.frav ru>v dvdpwTrcw TOV eVayyeX^aros TWJ/, ai crvfuyot KOI Td reKva ra>v ov8(v aXXo yva>pt^ov(ri KOI fiera^v TCOV (rvvSiaXtyov- Tdl T) TOVTO. Ol avdpaiiToi oiiTot aTTOTfXovcri 3 TTJV rd^iv T>V (T(j3ai> rijs ayyXiKtjs Koivatvics,* e^ouat 8e TTJV ^eyakfirepav TOW dpercov, 8t]\. fKfivrjv TOV yivaxTKfiv va v7roTa(Tcra>vTai tls povov TO fvnp.ov' 5 8ib 8ev TjdfXov vTra/covcrei fit' o\ov TOV KOCT^IOV els TI TO onclov fj8vvaTO va apavpcatj-r] e'tre TTJV fnicrTrjuoviKr/v fj rjdtKTjv a\ira>v VTr6\r)ifsii>. e IV. ANG. VLACHOS. This extract is given as an example of the Greek spoken by the middle classes. The language they write is much more correct and pure. H E2HEPI2 TOY KYPIOY 2OY2AMAKH. A' C O Kvpios Hap8a\bs xal f) Kryn'a Ila/jSaXoi! five rrpoaTfpov OVTOV, aXX' ets dno^ 1 Improvement. 2 Correspondence. 3 Constitute, form. * The community. s The honourable. 6 Eeputation. 7 Are invited. 8 Clerk, subordinate. 9 By the kind co-operation of his superior. 10 To make up for. 222 Contemporary Greek Writers. TOS o(f)6a\[j.ov SfKairevTe errj Tj\iKias TreptcnroYepa, KOI els aT T>V TTfpio-o-fvovTwv SeKairevTe trS>v TpiaKovra Trevre ^tXtdSas 8pa^fia>v Trpouea. 'O oX/3ioy Soucra/mKjys' ecrvXXoyi'cr^T/ TO KUT ap^ds, 1 (Is Travriyvpio-fj.ov TOV ffrrovSaiov TOVTOV Kai evTv^ovs irrj ^opov els TOVS 7rapavvfJ.(f)ovs rr)v avrrjv TU>V ydfj.a>v TOV (crirepav' f<-X f ^* /iaXiora TrapafcaXecret Kai vna^Lai^iariKov riva 3 (friXov rov va T\dovTov, ev K\apiv(TTOv Kai ev Tpo/jnrovt, f/rot eva jrXayiavXov, eva ovav\ov Kai. p.iav /3apvcrdX7riyya, wy ypdipovcri (rrjfJLfpov ol veocpui- TJCTTOI T^S yXwo'cr^s KaBapitrrai, 5 ona>s TO evap/j.6viov avr&v TTTepaxyrj TOVS TrdSas TO>V Trpoa-KfKXrj/jievoiv. *AXX' ctVa aKf(>df\s 6 art 8ev TJTO *caX6f va irupaTfivr] TO pfTat-v TTJS (rrfyeuis 7 Kai Trjs di7Ofjiova>o-f(as avrov xpoviKov bido-Tijfia, Kai dn(f)d(Tio-f va dvaj3d\rj els 7rpoTfpov Kaipbv TOV xP fVTlKOV T v yap.a>v TOV Travr)yvpio~(J.6v. QVTCO \oiTTOV /Liera Tivas fJif/vas, rjfJLfpav Tiva nifamfV TTJS e'/3So/idSos els TOVS yvcopi/Jiovs Kai (friXovs TOV Kvpiov SoDcra/ia/c^, d>v ev ?Xa,Se ' " C O Kvpiov Kai T) Kupi'a 'Sovcrafji.a.Kr] TrnpnKaXowri TOI Kvpiov Kai TTJV Kvpiav IlapSaXoi) va. Xd/3coo-t TTJV Kd\oo-vvr)v va ndpaxri TO T^d'i els Tr)v olniav TO>V TTJV K-vpiaKrjv, IO Noep.j3piov, els TUS 8 TO ecrnepas." 2rjp.ei<0Tfov 9 ort rr)v rj/j-epav Tavrrjv ee\eev TJ aftpa itpovoia 10 Trjs Kvpias Sotiffa/^aK?;, KadoTi rfjv KvpiaKrjv eKeivrjv o-vvemTTTev rj entTfios n TTJS eopi^s TOV veapov TTJS o~vvyov 6 ^ovcrafiaKrjs eKaXeiTO Opeorrjs xal fj ve6vv/ji(j)os n.ao~icri. 8ia TOV OVTOV ^opou Kai 8ia TOV avTov KvireX\ov Teiov 12 o re ydfjios TTJS Kai fj eop-rr) TOV trvftfttou TTJS. 1 At first. 2 In celebration of this important and happy event. 3 He ha OIKCO TOV Hap8a\ov. As fjLvrjnov(vo-a>iJ.fv tv TrapdSw, 3 ai TrpiJ/ 77 eicreX^w/nej/ ets ray olxias TOV 'Afj,(j)iTpvovos /cat TOV tvov TOV, OTI TTJV Trporepaiav TO fffTTfpas* Kad' rjv o~Tiyfj.r]v 6 K. TlapSaXbs f]Toip.dtTO va dva\a>pr]O'D ('K TOV ypa(pdov, 7rXij<7iacrej' ets OVTOV SeiXws 5 6 Sovtra^idxTys, xai iTfpif\ia'o~u>v fls TOVS SaKTvXovs TOV TTJV akvffiv TOV wpoXoyiov 6 TOV, iva 8iao~Kf8do-Tj TTO)? T7)i/ SetX/av avTov, TW etTTf, p.fiSia>v y\vKfpbv fj.fi8iafj.a o-fj3afj.fi> avpiov TO eairepas, K.vpie AKV- dvvrd ] Xwpls XXo, 7 'K.vpie 'S.ovcrap.dKri . . . ^capis aXXo ! dirrjVTT](Tfv 6 Kvpios IlapSaXdy, di>Tip.fi8ia)v KOI fKflvos /xetSi'a/ia VTrfpo^f KOI - 'OplffTf dfpfVTT) ! 9 Ilijyati'e va Trida-ys ev d^id^t 10 . . . /ifTU p.icrr)V >pav ! lies' TOU va iTfpdo-rj J1 Kal dnb TTJS Aifte, va p.ov Trdprj tva evydpi ydvria 12 . . . fTTTau.iav dpi6fj.6, aanpa ! efpanTja-fv (K TOV 8(iifiaTiov TTJS f] Kvpia 'Eixppoo-vvrj. - KaXd . . , Kal TOpa fvdvit.r)6r]s va irdprjs ydvTia, ev^oyr]p.fvr) ; 13 To f\r]crfj.6irr)o-a I TI 6t\tis va KOfUt TOpa ; - MJJ -^fipoTfpa \ (*l/idvpio-(v 6 crvvyos, Kal 8if^i^ao~f Trjv na- payyf\iav els TOV vnrjpfTrjv, OCTTLS dTrrjvrrj&e fj.ev fi{yd\us : - IIoXu dTT~s 2 Ka/i/zia (popd ! A' 'O Kvptof IIapSX6s flfffpxfrai fls TOV KOIT&VO. rou, Acai TrpoanaGfl i/a fvSvdrj. 3 "AXXa TOVTO five dduvarov, Kadon rj tvcrcofjios o~vvy6s TOV (Xfi TrXfJpej ro Satudriov fadrjrcav, p.ecro(popia>v } /nai'SuXi'tui', (TTr)6o8f- crp-uv Kai TrdtTTjs rrjs 7rdXviJ.6p(pov crv) ev aurco TTJV fi>8vfjLao-iav TOV. 'AXXa /zer' oXt'-yoj' eV^u/xftrai, on five dvpi- d\iv fls TOV KoiTfova, dvoiyoK\fifi 7 TTJV Gvpav, Sta/iaprvpo/ieV^r TTJS Kvpias ITapSaXoO, on ^a TTJV Kpvo>o~rj /cat fmo-TpeCpfi K.paTa>v TO vpdp 6fpfjLav6fj, dp/ceirai fls TO ^rv)(p6v, KOI ap^fTai 7rtpia\fLv 9 /i o~drra>va Trjv o~iayova Kai Tas napfids Tou, 10 \fyoov Kaff eavTov '. 0a (jLov f\6r] 7rd\iv KafJ.fj.ia KaTaifiacria. ll fls TCL Sovria, TTOV va fif TpfXXdvjj' dXXd . . . TI va. yfivtj ! Kai T)Toifj.dfTO va. (peprj TO vpd(piov eVl TTJV irapfiav avTOV' ore fjX f ^ Ka ' ^dXiv 6 Ka)8coi/ 1- Trjs dvoiyofj.fvrjs dvpas. - 'Sit flcrai, Qo8a>prj ; (pcoi/ei 6 IlapSaXds 1 , Trpo/SaXXooi' 6\iyov TTJV o~aTra>v6(pvpTov avTov p.op(pT]v Sta TTJS dupas. "O^t, d(pevrtj ! aVoira KaTOidfv 17 (pwvr) TTJS vTrrjpfTptas, fivf tvas Kvpios . . . 6f\ei (can va o-a? flnf}, 13 1 M'cra els TTJV \dffirrjv. In the mud. 2 Ah ! shall not I become master ? 3 Endeavours to dress. 4 The multifarious apparatus. 6 A looking-glass and a candle. 6 Unshaved. 7 Opens. and shuts. 8 The requisite articles, 9 To smear, lather. 10 His chin and cheeks. u A cold, a chiU. 12 The bell rings. 13 Wishes to say something to you. Aug. Vlachos. 225 As TTtpdo-rj piav aX\r)v &pav. E^w epyaviav. Eive dvdyKTj va eras I8fj Topa, dnavrq ^iera Tiva r/ (pa>VT) TTJS virrjpfTpias. - AXXo KaKOV ! Xeyet Kaff eavrbv 6 OTV^T;? ^rjfjLTjTpaKrjs, KOI prf dwdfifvos va trpd^rj aXXcus, drrojidcrcrei 2 ev ra^fi rbv adrrava UTTO rrjs p-optprjs TOU, Koi et-epxerai TOV ypafalov TOV, Va> 6 wKTepivbs im- (TKfTmjs dvaQalvfi TTJV (cXi/ia/ca. H Kvpia Tpa^avd, Xe'yei p.ei$i>v 6 i/ecoari e'X^coi', eras oreXXet TO cXei8t TOV dewpfiov * 81 aTrd^e . . . av dyairarf. . . . Eii^aptoToiJ/ici/ TroXu, TtaiSi JJLOV . . . ti/xapicrrovfjitv . . . aXXa e'tpfda Trpoavav e< TOV 6vp.ov. s f KOI avTTj TTJV rjfj.(pav KOI TTJV capav va p.as o~T(i\r) TO TT]S. IIoTos rfTov ' } 7 (pa>vfl aTrb TOV KOITOVVOS TTJS f) Kvpia HapdaXov. - C H Kvpia Tpaxava v&vp.r)drj va p.ds n(Xg TO 6e, dSeXcpiy ! aKonrj 8ei> vpLor0T)Ka. eVco Kt oXa Kal KOTaKoV^Ka. 11 . . . Ov, Kav/J.eve I eXa 'Sw TroC ?x (i T(pio-o-oTfpov

AiToO ; Kal TTOU va errata) ; (Is TOV depa ', 1 After a second or two. 2 Wipes off. 3 The new-comer. * Box at the theatre. 5 I do homage ; an expression used by the lower classes on parting. 6 Growling with an- XT. 7 Who w as it ? 8 May she live long ! 9 She remembers us. I0 Are you nearly ready ? u I have cut myself to pieces. Q 226 Contemporary Greek Authors. "EXa, 1 eXa To'pa, /cat croO KU/J.I>O> TOTTOV. 'Eyw eYeXa'axra (rxftiov' fJ.6vov TT]V rpa^jjXta 2 ^ov f%a> i/a /3dXs, Xa/j/Sdvei ndXiv TO (pas, TO KaTonrpov Kal TO vpd(piov, Kal Tjfjuf-vpio-Tos /-ifra/SatVei fls TOV KOLTCOVO, OTTOV fvpiaKft rrjv ~Ev(j)po(rvi>T]v ToiTo6fTr)iJifvr)v Trpb rov KaroTrrpov (jurat-it Ttcrcrdpatv KTjpiwv Kal KaTayivofj.evr]v * pera TroXXoO KOTTOV va 8fO"rj oTTicrBev TOV Tpaxfaov 5 T7]S piKpav tK p.f\avos ftfXovftov raiviav, 6 afi ^s Kpfparai eVt TOU VTvepan^a^ovTOs CTT^OV? njs xpw(roCj Xo^i'crKOs. 7 Kal TTOV 6e\fis va o~ra6a> lyu> ropa ' } VTro\afj.[3dvfi 6 TaXaiVwpos IlapSaXoy, p,i] I3\ir avrb TO /3eXou8a/, 9 KOI crov d 5\ov TOV Torrov eXevdepov. 'O IlapSaXos yivfTai K.O.T dvayiajv npbs (TTiyprjv KO.\ 6a\ap.r)Tro\os 10 T^S o-vvyov TOV, TJTIS fpaTol reXos TTJV fvbvfj.acriav avT^s Kal KUTO- s Kal do~dfj.aivovo~a la eVt TOV dvaK\ivrpov, (pvo-a>o~a a>s n) Kal dfpiop.fvrj 810. TOV jj.av8v\iov 12 TTJS, eVw 6 o~vvy6s TTJS A ! &T)i4T)TpdKT) . . . Xeyet, fj-oXts KaTOpdovad va. dpdpa>o-T) TOS eis, ere /3e/3atdi/a) . . . /xeyaXo ^ro TO ^aT^pi o~ou ajro^e 13 . . . va o\ov avrbv TOV KOTTOV, fiia va. Vayo) va iriat TO T^d'i TOV ITOV . . . "Evvoia crov, 1 * &pocra> pov, dnavTa 6 IlapSaXo?, irovT)pS>s fieio'icov, evvoia o~ov KOI 8tv 6d Trigs fJ-ovov TO T^di o~ov divo^f els TOV l.ovo'ap.dKTj . 'O 'Opfo~Tijs fvpei. Kal Kafj.v. TO. Trpay/iara Ka6u>s Ttpe- TTi . . . 6d fids exi) Ka ' o"aj/rj3tT^ Kal Kpao-aKi Kal (ppovra . . . 1 Come. Imperative of tpx/ xeu - 2 Neck-ornament. 3 Touched. * Striving. 5 Neck. 6 Velvet ribbon. 7 A locket. 8 Softly chiding, ' Diminutive, little velvet ribbon. 10 Lady's maid. u Gasping, out of breath. 12 With her handkerchief. 13 This evening. u Never mind. Ang. Vlachos. 227 IIov TO evpeis ; V7roXa/j./3ai'ei rjTnwTepov fj Kvpia $pd<70), rJTis, \aifjiapyos (pvo-et Kal Tro\v(pdyos, fjp-^i^e va o~vyxa>pfj els TOV 2ov- crafj.aKrjv TTJV crvvavaa'Tpocprjv TOV X^P lv TOV SeiTrvov TOW. To eupa>, SioYt TOV eida crfjuepov TO 7rp .... Kpo'rof dfj.dr)s TTJS Kvpias IlapSaXov. Na ! dve(pa)VT)(Tev 6 /J.6\ts TTJV o~Tiyfj.r]i> fKeivrjv TfXftovcav TO vpl(TfJ,d TOV AT)(J.T]TpdKT]S, TO tip.dl ?j\df, K fyu> flfJiai UKO/JLTj al/lTTTOS. Kal o~77oyyio-6e\s eV Ta^et fjpl-a.TO aTrobvofj-fvos. "E^oyLtev dKOfjLT) u>pai>, TrapfTT]pT)o~ev fj Kvpia, /3XeVoi/po\6yi.ov. Ewe O/CTQJ napa TfTapTov, 'O Hap8aXbs (popel ev Ta^tt TOV Kadapov TOV xiTuiva, Kal SeWt fj8T] TOV \ai/j.o8fTi]v TOV, ore e^atdev TTJS 6vpas aKOveTcu fj (puivfj TTJS inrr/pfTpias '. 'A(j)VTT) ! KaXd, AcaXd, as (TTaQf) XtyaKi, 3 (po>vdfi dvdfi d(f) eTtpov '. "E,v (popel ev ftlq TOV eTrevdvTTjv TOV Kal flo-ep^eTai els 1 He was buying. 2 It can be borne sooaehow. 3 For o\iydni, a little. * Another surprise. 5 Strange, 6 That we are late. 7 Our clock must be terribly slow. 8 Show him into the drawing room. Q 2 228 Contemporary Greek Authors. TTJV aWovo~av, OTTOV dvafievet avTov fietXdy, TTtplXvnos Kal /caTa/3e/3Xj- pfvov e\u>v TO rjQos i 6 Kvpios 'Sovo-afj.aKrjs. Ma? crvyxatpels rrov Tjpyfjo-a/j.fv } (p[\TaTf Kiipie Soncra/m^, \eyei 6 Kvpios IlapSaXos elo-pxop.evos Kal Tfivuv Trpoo-rarevTiKSts TTJV 'X.fipa Trpos TOV VTrd\\rj\6v TOV, aXXa TO ti/juil-i 8ev pas rjXde aKOfju], Kal . . . \ KaXr/orrepa o~af, Kvpie 2ovo~a/j.aKTj, v7roXa/i/3aWi StaKOTTTOvcra TJ Kvpia JLv(ppo<7vvr] } flo~ep^o[J:evTj Kal ayrf) dpia/jiftfVTiKtos fls TTJV aWovo~av Kal lo-Ta/jievT) irXi/tr/OV ToO \auTTTrjpos, onus crnivdrjpifacri 2 /cdXXto*' ot dSd/xavres TTJS. H5>s flo-df ] 17 Kvpia five aXd ', fiutOa fTOlfJLOl /SX/TTCTC . . . , Kupt'a p-ov, dnavra pera fj.(yd\r)s crrtvo^a>pias 6 7rpO(77TO4OV/^efOS OTt 8fV f/KOVO-f TO Tf\(VTa1.0V fiepOS TTJS (ppdo~f ei/^at caXa . . . aXXa 17 Ilacrxfrdr) . . . Hias ] Tt Tpe^ei j KaKoStd^eTos 1 tcrtos ! . . . 8fv elve TITTOT . . . fif TOV %op6v rrtpva ! 3 TrapaTrjpel pfTa TroXX?}? o~Ta>fi,v\ias 4 17 Kvpia rTapSaXou. "Evvoia aas, K e'yd) TTJV Kauvco Kal ^opewft TroXu . . . Ov ! fvvotiTai, 6 %opbs five 8id TO.S Kvpias TravaKeia, TrpoadeTfi ev TeXet 6 Kvpios IlapSaXos ^trr avrapecrKov /jteibidfjiaTOs, TrpoQepwv @paea>s TTJV TfXeVTalav Xfiv, olovel evaftpwo/Jievos fit' aiiTrjv, 5 Kal e7rava\ap.l3dva>v eidvs, en j3pa8vTfpov, Tra-vd-Kfi-a ! Nat, vat . . . aVoira fietXws 6 'SovaapaKr/s Kal Trpoo~na0fl va fTrio-rjs. HXrjv . . . SUCTTU^WS . . . /cat aTa/xaTa, 6 u>s av fv avTov fj 8vi>ap.is va TeXeidxTTj. TtTroTe (rnovSaiOTepov ; u> ! enxpavel 6 Trpo'io~Tdp.fvos avTov' Kal iras ; Aev Tj^evpa) ) TTJ aXTj&i'a, eKpvaxre (paiveTai, Kal fX fl T dpa OTTO TO p.TT)ij.(pi eva (pofifpbv rrvpfTov' five fls TO *cpe^/3aVt rrpo TpiS>v o>p)v . . . S>s 6t\fi vd TOV uavrfvo-fl' 6 Kvpios Hap8a\bs KOI 77 Kvpia Tlap8d\ov torai/rai aTTfvavri TOV a(pa>voi, u>s fpoiTTjuaTiKa irrijma, 1 fKflvos de aiatfaWrai on 17 y\S>o~crd TOV fKO\\tjQr) ev TCO \dpvyyi TOV. - Ii\rjV oTTOts SfproTe, StaXoyi^fTai, TO irpdyua TrpfTrei va TfXeiaxrjy. TivfTOl XoiTTOV TO\fJLTJpOTfpOS, KOI K\ei TT/V Tifj.rjv . , . 8ev rj^fvptre TTCOS Xu7roi)/iat, nvpie Aifvdvvrd, . . . eras fteftaiova) . . . fi tpxerai va ff/cacrw 2 . . . *A ! r/7rore, TiVore . . . dnavra ^vxp^s 6 K. IlapSaXoV, ev^o- fiai va 771/6 TTfpacrTiKa . . . C H Kvpia napSaXou ovSev Xeyei* vov, wy avTouaTa, TTJV KfVTa OVTO>S fliffiv fBfjuaTa TOV eVi TTJS crKOTfivrjs K\ip.aKos, ov8f\s be f(rvX\oyio-6r] va (paTto-fl TOV affXiov, OTTOS pr) KaTpaKv\fio~rj TOV KaTrjfpopov.* E' *O ArjurjTpaKr]s Kal fj ep-fivav aovoi. 2iw7rco(rt Se dp.(poT(poi, KaiToi 8id(popa alo-dfjuaTa Kvuaivovcri TUS Kapbias TO>V Kara TTJV (j)pdo~iv TWV TpayiKcov T]fj.S)v TroirjTcav. Ta ctocc TO J Xeyet eVl TC\OVS, urj Swauevrj irKeov vd Kparr)6rj, p.rjTe e6vuaivovo~a dpKovvrats 6 Sia p.6vov TOV (pvo~i']uaTOs } f] Kvpia 1 Notes of Interrogation. 2 I shall go mad. 3 Is it not so ? n'est ce pas ? 4 That he might not fall down stairs headlong. 5 No longer able to restrain herself. 6 Nor finding sufficient vent. 230 Contemporary Greek Authors. O. Ta eiS/s ra J 'OploTt Topa ! "Orav troC eXfya eya> z>a A? paraKia 2 /itou, ri 6e\eis va Kafirj 6 civdpa>7ros ', d(pov dppca- 8r]K.av TraXt, 3 Ka6a)S m>pftalvi TUKTIKO fjtiav (popav TTJV e/38o/xSa ToiXa^tcn-oi', KOI TO TcraKcapd rovs '^ecnracrf 's TO Ke(f)aht [ias ai>Tr]v TT/V (popdv. ^rjfjLficoTfov evravda, x^P lv T ^ ? irepiepyfias T>V fjfJLtTfpaiv dvayvai- o~i TroXXaKty 01 avSpes. 'H Kvpia Soucra/xaKTj e'Sico^e TTJS oiKias TO Ko/jLicrdevra (K TOV fa^apOTrXacTTeiov 4 dfpdovms yXtiKta/iara, $poo-io-riKa K. r. X.' 6 2ou- 0-ap.aKrjs ejua^e roiiro xara T^V a(piiv TOV, Kal opyio~6fls Ka\ (ppvdas (ftpovTrjo-e Kara r^s HaV ^fipoav TTJS, TO Trdrw/ia 8id TOV TTo8bs avTrjs KOI TOV 'Opfo~TT)v Sia T^S TravTov(p\as 6 TTJS, Kal e^aTrXw- Beiva els TTJV K\ivrjv TTJS, 7rpo(T67rot7j^j; TTJV Xfinodv/jiov 7 f(p' OQ-TJV wpav ev6fj,io~fv iKavyv, OTTWS TTficrdfj 6 o~vvyos TTJS, OTI Tracra eo-TTfpivrj (ruvavao-Tpo(pf) rjv dbvvaTos. Trjs KOTaiyl8os 8 TOVTTJS f"8ofifv irpo v.iK.pov TO OTroreXecr/na irapd rai Kvpia> IlapSaXw. MoXty fi%e TeXficorm TTJV (ppdfriv avTTjs f) Kvpia <&poo-a>, Kal veos Kporos dfj.d^Tjs fTravo-f Trpo TTJS dvpas TTJS oiKias IlapSaXoO. "HTO 17 a/za^a, TJV p.fTa TroXXoC KOTTOV KaTtapdcoae vd evpj] 6 1 Ildfjif for inraycafifv. 2 My love ; o/t/ut, dim. on^dnov, '/J.O.TIOV, dim. of dim. fMTaKia. 3 They have quarrelled again. * Confectioner's. Dowry. 6 Slipper. 7 Pretended to faint. 8 Storm. D. Vikelas. 231 TJV oKe\Tn d^ia^Xdrou, TJTOVVTOS ddpav l cnro^rjiJiLaxnv en\ TW /uaTaiw KOTTCB, IlapSaXou, d^iovvTOs va TrKrjpaxj-rj p.lav fiovrjv 8pa\fjiT]v, Kal TOV 8vorvxovs GoSa>p?7, evptcrKO/iei/ou ds Sucr^ep^ KOI 8t>pyi(rp.evov Kvpiov TOV KOI TOV d/xa^Xdrov, ov OVTOS H (TKTjvT) 8ie\v0r) fTrl Tf\ovs, dTrofriJLiccdfVTOs TOV apa^r)\aTov. Aev KaTcap6(iio-a/j.ev o/xwr ra et-aKpil3a>p.fv rl fnXrjpcacrfv 6 Kvpios HapSaXd?. H Kupt'a HapSaXov wpKtV^ij 3 va ^v virdyrj irXeov TTOTC ets 6r]Ka' 4 a^ro fiv fj d\T)6eia' To fyK\r)pji /J.OV tlv avTO' avTO Kal o^t aXXo. XovSpa rd Xeyco' 5 fvfiop(pa va 6/j.i\u> SeV evpa>' 8 'ATTO rov Kaipov TTOV eKa^av avra e8a> TO. x*P la Movov 7rrd tVcov /xvaXdv, 7 &>s Trpo fj.r)v>v evvea, AovXeuow fis TOV TroXe/uoi' ACOI waifov* p.f rd o?rXa, Ki' OTTO TOV Koo-fj.ov aXXo rt Sej/ 'tvpa> TOV p.fyd\ov Ilapd TroXe/xwj' Trpdy/zara Kal rajv /aa^j 0-vfj.pdvra' 1 Ample. 2 Whom he had hired. s Has vowed. * Modern form of Aorist. 5 Rude am I in my speech. 6 For rifevpcu, I know. 7 Pith, marrow. 232 Contemporary Greek Authors. KOKO. 6a OToXr$# f] inrfpd(nri p.t>vos fJ.ov. 'AXXa, /ne rfjv abeidv eras, 1 M' oA/ya Xo'yta orpoyyvXa KI doroXtora 2 eras Xe'yco HS>s q\df rj aydirr) pas' rl fiorava, T\ /iayio, ('A^ov wy pdyos (rrjuepa e'Sw KCT?;yopot)/Liat) 'ETrXdj'ecrai' 8 n)i/ Koprjv rov. BPABANTIO2. Mia Kop; crffivoTarrij Kai Tjwxr), K eVrpoTraXij, n-ot) 4 wj /cal T^J/ cnaai/ riys 'EvrpeTrero ! Kat yiverm ra Trdira v* d^frjtprjcrr], 5 ff)v f)\ii(iav, TTJV Tiprjv, TOV TOTTOV, rf]v (f)V(nv, Kai rcbpa v tpaiTevdf} p avrov, irov efpoflfiro Na TOV I8t) j Tlpenei Kavf\s 17 va HTJV exit H va TTflf fxU 7raXa/3iji' J B Sta va TO TrioTevcr Or tjHTTOpei TOVS vopovs TTJS T] (pvcris va Kai TOO-OV va TrapeKTpcmfj, dno TTJV CirrXeiaP ri;f, 'Eai' fitz/ flvat. Sarafa fvtpyeia 's TT\V uf'o-rjv, 1 *Qnov va KO/JLIJ TO KUKOV I Aonrbv /cai ird\iv Xeya>, "Ort avTos p.t ftoTava TTOV evfpyovv 's TO alp.a, Me 8vvap.iv vaTaviKrjv Kai (ptXrpa fiayevneva Trjv VXai/ftre ! AOFHS. 'O Xoyor (TOV aTroSet^tj 8 8ev fivai. 'AvT\ fie TridavoTTjTas Kai pe (rvfJ.TTfpao'fJiovs 9 trov, npenfi e8a> ^ie do-(pa\els, yw/trt'as a7ro8ei^et5 Na e\6rjs fvavrlov TOV. A'. TEPOY2IA2TH2. EITTC juas av /n' d a>rjv fiov ! AOFH2. 06EAA02. 'O8rjyT)(re rovs, 'idyo fiov' &v '^evpeis irov Trjv ex Kt' ws TTOV j/a e\6rj, KaGapa crai' 3 va e/ioXoyoi)juai 's TTJV Trapovcriav TOV 6eov Ta KpiuaTa irov e^u> } Me To 'ATTO Ta TraiSiaKicria fiov TO ^pwta TTJV farjv, 'Qs TTJV o-Tiyp.r]v TTOV ' KadrjTO KaL p rJKOVf va \eya>. 1 Admiralty, the Sagittary. 2 Reputation. s For waav, as if; fno\oyov/jai, I confess. * Modern Form; the Accusative Plural used for the Nominative Singular. 5 He made me tell. 6 For kirtpaaa, Aorist of irtpvw, to pass through, undergo. 234 Contemporary Greek Authors. Kal eXeya TTJV TV^V /xou, TOVS (poftepovs KivSvvovs, Ta TpofjLfpa. o-vfi^dvra fiov 's TOV Kap-irov T) 's TO Tovs rrapa rpt'^a yXuTw/iovs 'y e(f)68ovs Kal KapTtpia, 1 U>s fTTfcra els TOV e^pov T dyptev/zeya 2 X e/ P la Kai o~K\dj3os (Tra>\T)6ijKa' 3 TTJV Kal Ta Taei8ia ra TroXXa TTOV eKa/j.a Ta crrrj^Xaia T' aWpaiTa cai TOS ^pa Tovs /Spd^ovs, Ta '^^Xa /3ovi/a TTOI) (pddvovv a>s TO. Vf(pr]' A.vra rov firfpiypctfpa, KOI TOVS avdpo>Tro(pdyovs, Kat TOW? dypiovs TOVS (ppiicrovs, 5 KOI repara TTOV e^ovv Trjv Kf dvdp.fo~a 's TOIS TrXaTatj (frvTpupevrjv. 'H &vcrdaip.6va f)px(TO nepiepyij v d/covr), 'AXX' at (ppovri8fs TOV cmiTiov 6 TTJV fKOfiav va (pfvyrj, Kat /Stao-Tt/ci) 7 erijyaaw TO xp*l TJ?S fa Kdp.Tj, K' e7reo~rpf(pe, TO. Xo'yta [MOV v a.Kovo~r] 17 d K' e-yw TO jrapfTT)prjo~a Kal rjvpa (vxaipiav, Kal ;vpa TpoTrov fj,dvr) TTJS va. Tov rrodov TOV ryKapStov, ia , KaTaXenraif roy ^t'ov /now OTT' IT)? dp^r/v 's TO TeXos, Hov aKpats fj.fo~ais fj^fvpev OTT' oo"a et^' aKouo-et. Tijs flira oXa* KOI av^ra T^f 'SaKpvcre TO '/xaTt, 10 'Ei/w T^? Trpa>TT)s [lov a>rjs TTJS eXeya TO Trddr}- Kal OTCV fTeXdcocra, /A" eVXiypwo-e Toy KOTTOV Me era K.6o~p.ov 8ciKpva Kal dvao~Tevayp.ovs n TIJS. Moi) eiTre Trio? fdavfj.ao~f, fdavfj.avo~ els a/c "OTI XuTraToi 8t' e^ie, KardfcapSa IIws rjQeKe KaXXiYfpa ya /iij TO et'^' 1 ' Of hairbreadth 'scapes i" th' imminent deadly breach.' 2 Enraged, infuriated. 3 I was sold. * Rocks and hills, whose heads touch heaven, '\prj\a for ty>r)\a. 5 Horrible savages. TtpaTa = monsters. K Household cares ; TO O-JTITI, Lat. hospitium, house. 7 In haste. 8 With greedy ear, athirst. Reveal. 10 ^tart for 6fi.fia.Tiov, the eye, curtailed at both ends. u Sighs. 12 Supply fia.0p.6v, in the highest degree. 13 She pitied from her heart. John K. Kampouroglos. 235 Kt' ojucof fiaKapi nal avrfj va Xdj% reroiov avSpa. Mou fine TTUIS p eu^apicrTeT, Kt' av 'icroos e^co (f>!Xoi>, 'Orrou TTJV (pmreveTai KOI OeXei TTJV KapSiav TTJS, Na TOV Sta TTJS eiVa. '2 avTT]v rf)v vv^iv TTJS K eyco dvoL^0r]Ka 2 fJ.af) TTJS. At' ocra fKivdvvevcra p.' rjydnrja-fv fKeivrj, Kai TIJI/ rjya7rr](Ta e'yco, Start JM' e\V7rrjdr]. m^ ' -,~v f >\\/ la jitayta TTOU TT;? fKa/JLa aval avra Kat fjiova. 'l8ov, T] ve'a fpxfTdi KOI as TO fjiaprvprjcrr]. 17 AvaSat/xdi/a, 6 'layoy, at V II. VICTORIEN SAKDOU. Rabagas. Act ii, Scene n. TRANSLATED BY JOHN K. KAMPOUROGLOS. Monaco. The office of the ' Carmagnole,' journal of the opposition at the inn of the Crapaud Volant. Room on the first floor. At the bottom of the stage, in the centre, a glass door, communicating with the billiard-room. On the walls, notices, caricatures, etc. PAMnAFAS Kaj/j./y5ia fj.fra(ppaaO(iffa VTri 'ludvvov K. Ka/J.novpoy\ov. HPAHI2 AEYTEPA. 5KHNH ENAEKATH. [To ypa.(fyf?ov TTJS Kap^avioXas iv TO) KaraffTrj/j.aTi TOV Mira/catca. (Elvf aiOovffa TOV -npunov TraT(i>fj,aTOs). E TrpeVet va eras ^TJJCTW avyyv&iujv, 8ta TTJV dra^iav . . . 1 For tiirrj. 2 On this hint, I spake, I opened my mind. 3 Rabagas, Barrister, leader of the republican opposition. * Era, an American lady, just arrived in Monaco and appointed Mistress of the Robes by the Prince. 5 On the threshold. 236 Contemporary Greek Atithors. EY"A. *E%(Tf terns tpyacriav . . . 'PAMUAFAS. 'ETeXeuarra KaVt (vox^TiKas viro6f, Kadt'jcraTf, Kvpta, eras' 7rapa*caXa>. (Ylr/yaivd va ry irpocrfpfprj TO irpos 8eia Kadio-pa, dXX' evpicrKei iif OVTOV TTJV iriirav 2 TOU, TTJV oiroiav TfxvrjeiTcas cnroKpvirTet, dertav imb TTJV rpdirffav TO Ka6i(rp.a.) *ii, p.e avy^uipfire . . . ot vTr^/jerat e'Sai bev f(ppovTicrav . . . (inro- dfiKvvei Trpbs TTJV Evav TOV ava.K\ivrr]pa 3 apurrtpa). EYA. Me fiirav, Kvpte, (Is TO (TTTITI eras, OTI T)TO jnBavov va eras evpa) e'SaJ. 'PAMnAFAS. Hpayp.aTiKa>s, Ku/x'a . . ' EYA. 'AXXa SeV 6a eras eVo^X^crw TroXi; 4 . . 'H crv/ijSouXTj TTJV onolav rjK6a va ^TT^O-CO aTro Ta (p>Ta eras, a>s (vr). . . 'PAMZIAFAS (Xapftdvcav Ka6icrp.a dpicrTepoQfv oTTicrfav TOV dva- K\ivTr)pos). 9 A ! Kvpla, dcrdf . . . EYA. 'ApepiKavls ! 'PAMETAFAS (jrpocrK\iva>v). 'O TiVXoy eras avTos, Kvpia p.ov, KOI fjiovos p.o\ enifidXXd iraerav crvfnrddeiav .... (Ka^^rat). Aonrbv p EYA. *Qs ftiKTjyopov 5 . . Kai, eVj/oeirat, TOV /xaXXoi/ 8iaKfKpififvov. G 'PAMITAFAS. AjXa8)j, Kupt'a ^uou, TO TroXu TroXu, TOV p.d\\ov a/cepaiov. 7 EYA. At' o\iy(ov, s Kvpif, iSou irfp\ TIVOS irpoKfiTat . . , *HX$a ex s' dXX' eVftSi) f^ia^np.rjv TroXv 9 Kal 8ev T)6(\a va f^o> piav vTrripeTpidv p.ov . . . 'AXXa Tt /j.av6dva> x@* s j "O Hv fa (Kpd- TTjcrav fls TO TeXaivflov 11 TTJS Tevovrjs, Xo-yw OTt TO (popep.aTd fiov TroXXaij SavTfXXats, 12 Kal OTI five Xa^pe/xiroptov. 13 .... 'PAMHAFA2 6\iov dneoTTev.fvos. u 7 A ! Sta 1 I have just finished some tiresome affairs. g His pipe. s Sofa. 4 But I will not trouble you much. 5 As barrister. 6 And it is understood the most distinguished. 7 The most honest. 8 In a few words. 9 But as I was in a great hurry. 10 I sent them on. 11 Custom-house. 12 Lace. 13 Smuggling. u Somewhat disen- chanted. John K. Kampouroglos. 237 EYA. 4>ajTacr^Te, Kvpie fj.ov, TTOJS p efpdvij ! Aei> fKOifU)0T)V * o\.r]V rr]V VVK.TO.. Aev e^co e'Sw /nafv ynou Trapa TO (f)6p([M TOV ra^fi- 8tou, 07TOV 2 (popw xai (V aXXo rov ^opoO ! MoVov duo (popepaTa drro fi/cocrtSuo, OTTOU e^co ! Tt va -ytVco Tcopa /xe 8uo fpopefj.ara KOL rpta- Kocria /zi'XXia fj.aKpav ano n]v pdrrrpidv 3 fiov ', 'PAMnAFAS. Bf^atcos, Kvpi'a p.ou, pe^aius . . . (KUT iSi'ac) Etv' air" eKfivais ! * EYA. ^avTaadr/Tf TTJV dfdiv pav I 5 'PAMnAFAS. *Q, TTJV (pavrd^ofiai, Kupt'a (JLOV, r?)i/ tfiavrd- ^ofj.ai ! EYA. Aev f/e rpo/ifpdi/ J 6 'PAMIIArAS. Tpopepdc, Tpo/xepcoraroi' ! Not eras ewco TT)I/ dX?j- ^etav opcos ^ ety rfjv dp\TjV fvo/jiicra Kafifiiav vTrddecriv . . . KUTTOIS fariporepav . . . Kavtv olKoyeveiaKov 8pdfj.a, 7 d(pi" fvos crvfryov tcrcos . . a(p erepov . . . EYA. "O^t, fip,ai x*IP a 8 'PAMnAFAS. AOITTOV, aV. EYA. KaXe Tt', 10 Kvpie ; Tiepi oxrw Ki/3a8e\(pov pov, 6 onolos tlve novadiKos 8ia roiavras VTrodeaeis. 11 EYA. Ilcoi-, Kvpte, p dpvelcrde TTJV VTTO(TTr]pi{v cray ; 12 'PAMHAFA2. Av7roi/jiat woXv, Kvpt'a, dXXa dev EYA. 'AXXd, Kvpie, TO. (popefj-ard p.ov 8ei> elvt f 1 I did not sleep. 2 OTTOU for the relative pronoun. 3 Dressmaker. 4 She is one of them, i.e. one of the aristocrats. 5 Imagine iny situation. Put yourself in my place. 6 Is it not terrible. 7 Some domestic drama. 8 I am a widow. 9 To return to our business. ! What are you talking about. n Let me give you the address of a colleague, who is the only man for such cases. u Do you refuse me your support. 13 I do not plead for goods. 338 Contemporary Greek Atithors. 'PAMILAFAS (e'yetpd/xei/oy). EtW Ka\\iT(xvT]p.aTa, dev dfj, ! 1 'AXXa 6 Katfets fie TTJV eiStKOTTyrd row' 2 i] IdiKrj p.ov five TO TroXmicd ! (Tpdfpfi dievdvv&iv Tti/a, opdios eVt rijs rpcmf&s fiesta). EYA. 'A ! vn(pct(T7ri((r6 imodeaeis rrjs TroXmKJyy j 'PAMIIAFAS (e'aKoXov$a>j>). Kcu p.fT emrv^tas, Kupia /xou, ToX^w va e?7ra>. EYA. *Icrta, term XoiTroj/' 3 ^ iSwc^ /iou ai/dyerai ('$ ra T^y TroXi- TlKTjS' TfpOKtlTdl TTfp} TO)V T\O)Vfi(t>V. 'PAMHArAS (o-ra/xarwi', 8i6ri rw fjpecrfv f) iS/a ai/r?;. 4 Hpoarfp- \6p.vos). 'A.\7]65)s . . . t(7tos. . . VTTO ni/ay 7ro'\^ety. . . 'AXX' ety TO 186s rrjs, 8ev five aipaia f] vir66fcrls va eaydy crdrvpav, TWOS dpiOpovs facrty . . . Ga eiTrov/xej' : . . . Karecr\ov ety TO Ki/3a)Tid cray Kal KaraStcoKouj' TT)I/ V TVTTOV 1 10 2ety eur$e 'A/xeptxai/ty ! Hfpt(pT)pa I 'Avayi- 1 They are works of art, I do not doubt. 2 But everyone has his speciality. 3 Just the thing then. 4 Stopping, because the idea has pleased him. 5 Some copies of an interdicted newspaper. 6 All my boots are wrapped up in newspapers. 7 With caricatures. 8 Against the government ? 9 Oh, capital, excellent. 10 They have seized them in your trunks and destroy (hunt down) the liberty of the press. John K. Kampouroglos. 239 VCOCTKCO eV aKpoaTrjpiov TO.S f(prjfj.epi8as ! * FtWrat (TKcij/SaXoi' ! . . . yiverai, KpoTos ! . . KaraiKae(7$e ! " EYA. At; 'PAMnAFAS. 'Eyw o/^coj eViTiry^avo) ! 3 EYA. KaradiKao/iai ; 'PAMIIAFA2. T A p,7ra ! Eiy piKpov Trp6(mp.ov ! 4 2as pevovv ra (pope'/iard eras ! J Av TO ffT]p.(i(ap.aTdpi6v 6 row). IloXii KaXa. "Epx^opai e'ya) ets ro CTTTITI eras- cai ra Xa/u/Sava) ! (*Op6ios Sia.TiQffj.fvos va ypa^/ff). HoG Kadfade,' EYA (Ka07][j,fvr) arapa^cos OTTO TJJs dtaeais TJ;S). Ets ro TraXcm ! 'PAMHAFAS. A? ; EYA (a>s dfcorepw). Eiy TIJJ/ 8fiav Trrepuya, 5ta T^S /ieydXj;y K\ifjLaKos . . SevTepov Trdrw/jta ! 8 'PAMHAFAS. Hoi); ^ie . . EYA. Me TOJ* irpiyiaira I Nat, a?r6 X^* s ftpta MrydXj Kvpta (cat TratSaytoyoy T^J 7rpty(c?/7reV>;f ! 'PAMIIAFAS. Kat fp^eadf ds epe vd . . . *A ! yia ! (/car' idt'op). Ma ftVe, etve . . . aV fKeivais ! EYA. Hats etnaTf, Kvpte ; 'PAMELAFAS^'yeXctii'). A^XaSij, Kvpta pofc, pe cnry^wpetTe . . aXXa etVf TroXii v6(TTLfj.ov ! . . "Eiodf ofj.a>s evT] ! . . 'Ayi/oftre tcrtus . . (pvcrtKa ! . . EYA. AeV KaraXapjSdj/a) . . . 'PAMHAFAS. Na pa AcaraXa/i/Sai/o) . . . 'Evvodrai, 8ev flp.Tropel.Tf .... 'PAMnAFAS . . Not eras VTTTjpa(nricr65> ', 'Abvvarov ! * * era?, a ! Tore evavrlov eras . . . EYA. 'TLvavriov pay ', 'PAMHAFAS. 'Ewoeirai . . . Er0e C'K TOV e%6piKov tra? KTOiTroi ! EYA. 'Errata) eiy Tjjf vn66fcriv p.ov ', 'PAMHAFAS. Eiy avrrjv TJ)J/ IBlav ! aj/ pe dvarfOfj ! 5 EYA. 'AXXa e^a> ro Stxaiov, TO enraTf. 'PAMIIAFAS (/xetStaJj' eVl T^ aTrXoY^Ti' TTJJ). 'Ev 7rpa>TOt?, Kvpia fiov, Kar' dpxi)V irore Kavtls 8ev f%fi TTO\V TroXu SiKaiov ! Acat Sevrtpov, ri ar)p.aivfi Ta^a ! ai> e'yw 8vvr)6> v aTroSet'^a) Trco? ex Te ^Sutov ', EYA. 'AXXa irpo p.iKpov p aTreSet'^are . . . 'PAMIIAFAS (jjifidiSiv) . IIpo piicpov ! 8ia(pfpti TO Trpay/za ! Twpa o/xcos flp.TropS> vd eras a7roei'a> ^ie T^V avrrjv tvKo\iav TO fvavriov ! EYA (StaKOTTTOuo-a OVTOV 6 ). 'AXX' at e(prjfj^pL8fs fKflvai ai frrjpai ; 'PAMETAFA2 (6/zo/ws). Ti KaXXiVepov e7rt^e('p;/xa ; 7 (f>ih.6aro(poi, cruyypafpf'LS, \oyoypd(poi, oiTLVfi VVKTOS 6Xr Qpavovrts TO o~rfjdos era? tnl TOV ypafaiov ! 8 1 If it was wanting ! Without it ! 2 That all the actions of the government may be attacked. 3 From conviction. * Opponent. 5 If it is offered me. 6 Interrupting him. 7 What better argument ? 8 Who have sat up entire nights, crushing your chests on the desk. John K. Kampouroglos. 241 va tS?/Te fls TI p.eTaxfipi(Tai avrrj f/ AvXi? 1 TO crvyypd/i/iarn eras ! . . . nepiruX/crcrei fie avra TO vTroSiy/iara yvvaiKos . . Kal noias yvvaiKos ! 2 EYA (co77paiy). A? if ' 'PAMOAFAS (i7S rj\6f fj crTLynf) eKfivr) . . Totaura \OITTOV Kal aXXa ocra 6t\tT (IfjLiropS) va Xeyco ! EYA. 'QpaTa ! 'AXXa^eTC /SXfTTO) TroXu ev*coXa raj eras. 3 'PAMHAFAS. 'AXXafco ; KafloXov ! . . . AeV ^^ ! EYA. T A ! 'PAMIIArAS. Eif TOVS ftiKrjyopovs five TreptTrat! /idXiora ! 4 y AXXcoy TC KOI 8ev e'lueda vTro^pew/zeVoi va Triorevco/if f o, ri Xeyo/^ei/, dXXa j/a TO Ka6KTTu>p.fv irKTrevrov ! Kal 8ia(j>fpfi TTO\V ! O KarrjyopovfjLfvos, TrapaSeiy/zaros -^apiv, five evo^os' 8ev TO yvapifa rd^a j 5 Kal irfpicrcroTepov OTTO Ka$e aXXo^, d0o{) et/nat 8iKr;y6pos TOV ! AXXn oo~co TrfpiacroTepov flvf tvo^os, rocra) Trepiaaorfpav a^iav e^w av dno8fit-p.fv TO. yvcocrTa, va Xfywfifv TO. Traaiyvaxrra, Tore ti 6a f\p(idovTo ol Siicrjyopoi, ', EYA. Tcopa ^SXeVa), Kvpie, OTI fi%av 8iKaiov otrot era? $f&tiaim> fls epf. . . Eicrde dvwTfpos Kal TTJS I8eas TTJV onoiav (i%a 8ia rrds I 'PAMDAFAS (npo(TK\ivu>v}. "Q, Kvpia ucv ! EYA. Ta>pa fvvout /cat roi' rpdrrov 6 rrjs AVTOV 'Y^/rj\oTr]Tos. . . 'PAMHAFAS (farjpus). Tfjs AVTOV 'Y^Xorqros ; EYA. . . . ore crrj/jLipov TO Trpau dvexpa^e, TrpoAcetfteVov 8id TOV reXevTatw o~as Xdyoj/. 7 . . " Tl vovs I rl 'iKavoTtjs !" 'PAMHAFA2 (payivStls). *A ! 'O irpiyKrj^ eirre ; . . EYA. "*Q. . ." TTpoo-fdeo-f. . . " av eVo'X/ia)i/ !" 1 This Court. 2 It wraps up the boots of a woman with them (your writings) . . . and of what a woman ! 3 I see that you change your convictions very easily. * To lawyers they are super- fluous. They are even injurious. 5 Do you suppose that I do not know it. Tax strengthens the expression. 6 The manner. 7 On the subject of your last speech. 242 Contemporary Greek Authors. 'PAMFIAFAS (faripus). *A? EYA (fyfipopfvrj). 'AXXct Sev eVeXeuotre rr]V fppdcriv TOV. 'PAMIIAFAS (dTTf\rno-6fis). KpT/ua, Kplpa I 1 EYA. Kupte /zou, eras dcplvct' Kal \vnovpai Sta 8vo Xoyovs . . 'PAMIIAFAS (cbs uvcoTfpa). Kvpta pov. . . EYA. AIOTI 8ev $a eras e^o) StKi/ydpov pov, Kal fitoYt fit' avro Sec $a e^co Ti^f fvxapifj.tv ! . . 'PAMHAFAS (fihfTratv irtpl eavrbv Kal ^a/j.r]\6va)v TOV rj^ov TTJS (pwvfjs rou). 3 Ti va yivr) ! *Av Sv ^TO TO (cd/n/xa ! 4 EYA (^fj.op(pa.^ova-a p.e /xeiSt'a/ia). Ou<^> ! 5 'PAMFIAFAS (TrapaTrjpSw arraf- irepi TOV). 'EniTpeirfTf . . . /ue'xpt TTJS apdgrjs eras 6 . . . J EYA (/uft&iwcra). Kai ro Kappa ' } 'PAMZIAFAS (dnocpacncrTiKws, irpocrfpepcov TOV jSpa^iova TOV Kal ptpovpevos TOV dva>Tfp<0 pop va o~ds fK&fo~a> 1 8 Xat'pCTf, Kvpie. 'PAMFJAFAS (e^wv aKoprj TOV /3pa^iova /zerewpov 9 a>? eav TOV Trpoo~ffpfpe). Xaipere ! (Karrwy reTapay/nevos. 10 ) Tt Xe'ya) ! 'ETTtTpe- fyaTe pot, Kvpia, v dnavTrjcro) : Au revoir ! EYA (iroirrjpSis fTrl TOV ovSov). At ... Kal TraXtv .... Tt? oiSe ! (Xaiperifei Ka\ e^fp^eTnt). 'PAMOAFAS (X/av aTrrjXTncrpevos, aKo\ov6Siv avTrjv 8ia TOV /3Xep.- Tis o'Se ! . . Kai I8ov TO irav ! . . Tt va crr)patv(t TOVTO ; Kal pe TTf parai^ei ; 1J 1 (Disappointed). What a pity ! 2 That I shall not have the pleasure of a visit from you. 3 Looking round him and lowering his voice. * If it was not for the party. 5 Pouting and smiling. 6 Allow me ... as far as your carriage. 7 And imitating her previous gesture (expression.). 8 I do not wish to expose (compromise) you. 9 Holding his arm up. 10 Somewhat agitated. J1 Can it be that she is laughing at me? Zalacosta. 243 TO 'Yno Tttopyiov X. ZaXa/ccoora. Zalacosta is principally known through his translations from the Italian, and his songs for the people. The specimen given is sung everywhere in Greece. Mid /SocncoTrovAa 1 dyaTtrjcra, pia fij Kai ri)V dydirrjcra TroXu, xpov>v yopi. Mia pfpa 5 TTOV Kadofj.aa'df ara \6pra r* dvdio '[leva Mapa), 7 eva Xoyo ^a crou Trw, 8 Mapa>, rfjs eara, ere dyair5>, TpeXXaiVo/xai yia creVa. 9 rr) fjifcrri pe apiraf, p.f Kal fjiovire' yia dvaff Fia TTJS dydirr]s rovs Eicrai fjLiKpos a/co/Lta. MeydXwaa *cai TTJV fr/rw . . . aXXoi> f^r^ 17 icapdia rrjs Kal pe f%dvfi T op(pavo . . . 'E-yw Sficos 8fv TO Ilore TO (pi\r][jid rrjs. 1 The Accusative ; the final v is dropped in the vulgar dialect. 2 Cherished, sought after. 3 I was a silent child (bird). 4 A boy. 5 One day. The Accusative. 6 While \ve were sitting in the flowery grass. T Mary. " Hi for tinea. 9 Ai^ ae . lo Kissed. u She forgets me, the orphan. 12 I do not forget. B 2 244 Contemporary Greek Authors. COMMON DIALECT. ATHANASIUS CHEISTOPOULOS (1772-1847). Christopoulos has been called the ' Modern Anacreon.' His songs are principally devoted to the praise of love and wine ; many of them are of great originality and beauty. Els /Sovpof 1 eyo> KI 6 *Epo) K* fj dyaTTT) p,ov /iafij, 2 Ki' 6 6eos Kaipos 6 ytpos 3 'H dydrrr) p.' aTrocrroCcre 4 Elf TOV SpOfJiOV TOV (TK Kal 6 *Epa>Tas TTfpvovcre BuKTTLKa 5 fj,e TOV Kaipov. Sracrov, 6 Xeyw, "Eptord p.ov, Kal /Jir) rpe-^fT op.irpo(rdd. 'H Kcihf) crvvrp6(picrcrd' 7 pov 'H dyaTrr) p 8fv /Satrra. 8 Tore /SXeTrco KOI ravv^ovv, 9 Kai 01 8vo rovf ra (prepa, Kal T' 7rXdi'ow>', Kal dpxl^ovv, Kal irtTovv, irerovv ytpd. 10 "^/Xe, Xeytu, TTOU TTfrare ', Toarj fila 8ia Tt'; 11 'H dyaTT^ /zas, KUTTarfj 12 "Qpav Sup dSwarfl. 15 Tor' 6 *Epa>tas yvpifci, Kal p.e Xeyet, ro TrapoV 14 IIws ap^^ej' 15 a-vvetdi^fi Na Treta /ie 701* Kaipov. 1 Mountain. 2 Together. 3 For yepoav. * Irregular Imperfect of airoffTaivw, to be weary, tired. 5 Hurried on. 6 Stay. 7 My companion. 8 Hold out. 9 Stretch. 10 Tepa, same meaning as Sward, strongly. n Why such haste ? M Observe, mark. 1S Becomes weaker and weaker. M This, the following. 15 From the beginning. Anonymous. 245 Et? TO pevpa. The following beautiful song, although German rather than Greek in character, is popular not only in Greece, but in all the countries through which the Greeks are scattered. It is anonymous. Eiy TO pevp.a TTJS fw^S /*ou Ata TI va cr' dnavrrjcro) ' At' e'/^e dtp' ov $(v ^cro va 8pat TOV li Spring, fj'Avotgis (To'Eap). Summer, TO KoXoratpi, Qepos. Autumn, TO &dit>6irers, Trpbs fvKoXvv&iv rrjs dvayvaxreoas ruiv 'E\\T)VIK>V ' Advance, to, Advertisement, f] dyyeXia. Agency (Havas, Reuter), TO HptiKTOpfiov (Xa/3ay, 'Pe'ovTep). Ambassador has been ap- pointed, 6 8ia>pt(r6r]. Archbishop has resigned, o Army (of occupation), 6 arpa- TOS (rrjs Ka Arrange, to, Article, leading, TO Kvpiov Sp- 6pov. Attache, 6 di<6\ovdos. Bill was voted, TO Bishop was insulted, 6 r/- (TKOTTOS vfipicrdr). Boundary, TO avvopov. Budget, 6 TrpoiJTroXoyi.a-p.os. Chamber of Deputies, ^ 60^X77. Circular note, 17 eyKVK\ios 8ta- KOIVOHTIS. Commission, the commis- sioner, T) fTTiTpOTTT), 6 flTl- TpOTTOS. Concession, 17 Conference, rj Conservative party, TO VTayp.a. Consul, 6 Trp6evos. Correspondent, 6 dvTc Debate was adjourned, Embassy, 17 Empire, 17 avTOKparopia. Evacuation, f) fKKf Excitement, 6 e Frontier, TO Government, 17 vrrovpyflov. House of deputies was dis- solved, f] @ov\r) 8if\vdr], Interview, 17 Judge, 6 8iKa King, constitutional, o /3ao-i- \tvs, 6 avvTaynaTiKos. Leader of the Opposition, 6 dpxrjyos TTJS dvTnro\iT(i>cri>s. Libei-al party, TO v ' Minister of Home Affairs, 6 Yirovpybs TU>V J Minister of Public Instruction, 6 'Yrrovpybs Tijs Ar)p.o(Tias Vocabulary. Minister of Religion, 6 ' yor TO>I> ''EKK\T](Tla(TTlKU>l>. Minister of Justice, 6 'Ynovp- yos TTJS AiKaiocrvvrjs. Minister of War, o 'Yirovpyos TU>V 2rpcm&m/ca>i'. Provisional scheme, TO Tr COplfOf (T%fSlOl>. Published daily, is, exc^' (itaff eKOOTijl Queen, 77 /3ao-iXro-a. Question, Eastern, TO Minister of Navy, 6 'Yirovpybs \ TO dvaTo\i/<6i>. Radical party, TO 'PLO6v- Trovpyus Kal ITpofSpo? TOV 'YirovpyiKov Prince, princess, 6 ^ Progress^ 77 Arrival, 77 Bag, 6 traK TIKOS TVTTOS. Resigned, has, TrapyTTjdrj. Retreat, 77 vT Revolution, ?) fV Riot, 77 o^Xn Rumour, 77 Secretary, private, 6 Tpap.p.a- TfVS, 6 IBiaLTfpOS. Special correspondent, 6 eldiKos ai>TaTroKpiTt]s. State, r6 KpaTos. Stated, it is, Ae'yerai. Successor (to throne), 6 8id- fio^or. Treaty, fj avv6r)KT). Vice-president, o dvTurpoeHipos. Viceroy, 6 dvTiftacrihevs. Want of confidence, r} eXXfn/>i? fp.TTltTTOO'VVrjS. War, 6 TroXe/ioy. Archbishop of Canterbury, 6 'Ap^l67T(CT/<0770S TTJS KaVTO.- /3ptyt'aj. Marquis of Salisbury, 6 Map- Travelling, T6 Tad8ioi>. Baggage, r; d T , Berth, 17 Qea-is (place). 252 Modern Greek. Blacksmith, 6 criorjpovpyos. Box, TO Kij3a>Tiov. Bridge, fj yetpvpa. Bridle, 6 ^oXti/os. Cabin, 6 6aXap.ia-K.os. Change, to, horses, dXXdo> imrovs. Clothes, TO eV CrOSS, to, Oif Custom, 77 Custom-house, TO Custom-house-officer, 6 Dangerous (not at all), 8tdXou Deep, fiadvs. Departure, 17 d Doctor, 6 larpos. Dragoman, 6 8ifpp.r)vevs. Duty, 6 (popos. Foot (on), TTf&s. Gallop, to, KaX7rdo>. Girth, fj vyyXa, 17 fiaQvs. How far, TTOO-OV p-aKpav. How long will it last, noa-ov 6a diapKfaj). Key, 17 K\fis, TO K\(i8i. Land, by land, 17 t-ypa, 8ia r)pas. Lengthen (Imp.), na Let go, afpfs. Lock, lock (Imp.), TO K\eWpov, 17 KXejfiaptd, K\fi8o) / otapaToj. Path, TO fj-ovoTrdri, f] dr POTTOS. Pocket-book, TO Porter, 6 6vpa>p6s. Priest, 6 lepevs. Prohibited, dTr Koad, 6 8p6p.os, 17 6o6s. Rocky, Ppax&orjs. Rope, TO a-^niviov, TO Saddle (Imp.), a-ap.dpoo-oi> (fni- cra^ov). Sea (by sea), 0dXao-o-a (5ta 6a- Shoe (horse), TO Tre Shore, TO irapd\iov. Shorten, a-vvrep-vo). Stay (to make a), Steep, Kprjp.vo>8rjs. Stirrup, 17 cDcdXa, 6 dvafioXevs. Strap, TO Xoopioi/. Stream, 6 pva^. String, 6 o-irdyos. Tighten (Imp.), o-. Walk, 6 TTfpiiraTos. Way (shortest), 8p6p.os, 6 /3pa- Vocabulary. 253 Food, Almonds, ra a/iiry8aXa. Apple, unripe, /x/JXoj/, awpov. Apricots, ripe, ra fiepvKOKKa, 3>pifj.a. Artichokes, green, at dyyivdpes, \\ojpal. Asparagus, ra o-rrapdyyia, ol do-irdpayoi. Bacon, fried, TO ^oipo/ie'pt, r?;- yavio~p.fvo. Bake, to, i^wo. Beans, French, TO. KOVKIO, TO Beans, Haricot, ra (pao-ov\ia. Beef, TO /Swoti/oV. Beef, boiled, TO pcaStvbv IBpacrrov. Beef, roast, TO ftaSivbv ^TOV. Beer, bottled, 17 umpa, 6 vdos els (f>id\as. Biscuit, TO TTa^ifj.ddi, TO 8iirvpoi>, Boil, to, ftpdfa. Bottle, 17 . CrUSt, T) KpOVCTTa, 6 CJJXOLOS. Cucumber, TO dyyodpi.. Cup, TO (f)i\Tdvi, TO Kv~e\ov. Currant, /; KopwdLciKr) a-ra^is. Cutlet, 77 KOToXfTTO. Date, 6 Koi'p/nay, i. Dessert, TO Tri86pmoi>. Dine, to, yevfiarifa. Dinner, TO yev^a. Dish, 77 TriciTeXa, T7apo\^fis. Duck, T) TraTTta. Egg', TO cool/, avyov. Egg, boiled, TO UHJV, avyoi>, Egg, poached, TO udv, avydv. fj-dri. Fat, TO XtVos, Tra^oy, Xt a/Dor, na^vs. Fish, TO \l/dpi, Fork, TO TTflpOVVl. Fowl, 7^ opvis, TO TTOuXt. Fruit, TO. cmupiKd, TO. fypovra. Game, TO Kwriyiov. GlaSS, TO TTOTTIplOV. Goose, 17 xn va - Grapes, TO. y. Honey, TO p.e\i. Ice, TO TraycoTov. 254 Modern Greek. Ice-lemon, TO Traya>rov-\e^6vi. Jam, TO y\vKo. Jug, 6 \dyr)vos. Knife, TO na^aipiov. Lamb, TO dpviov. Lean, TO fy-axvov. Leg of mutton, TO /UTTOVTI, TO firjpbv Trpofjdrov. Lemon, TO Xf/ioVtoi/. Lemonade, f) Xe/zoi>da. Lettuce, TO napovXi. Lobster, 6 do-TaKo's. Meat, TO Kpeas. Meat, fat, lean, TO Kpeas, Medlar, TO pe Melon, TO Milk, TO ydXa. Mulberry, TO po Mustard, f) Mutton, TO Trpoftfiov Kpeas. Napkin, f] nero-fTa, TO X fl P~ fj.a.Krpov. Oil, TO eXmoi', XdSi. Omelette, f) o/ieXeYa, TO vfpoy- yarov. Onion, TO Kpop.v8i (Kp6p.vov), Kpofj.vSa.Ki. Orange, TO Oyster, TO Partridge, fj ne Peach, TO pofta Pepper, TO iwrepi. Pie, TO fl)/iaptKoV, 17 1TT)Ta. Pig, TO yovpovvi. Plate, TO Tridro. Pork, TO xoipivov Kptas. Potato, f) 7raTaTa, TO yeuf Pudding, f) TTOvSiyya, Eadish, TO pairdvi. Ptice, TO pvt. Roll, 17 crcra. Spice, TO p.vpa>8iKu, dpa>naTa. Spinach, TO anravaKi. Spirits, TO, oivcnrvevnaTa. Spoon, TO Ko^Xtdptoj', xov\idpi. Sugar, 17 CXP'f- Sweetmeats, TO Table, 17 rpdne^a. Table-cloth, TO Tart, TO y\VKiToypd(j)os. Poet, TroirjTTjs. Policeman, KX^Tijp. Politician, TTO\ITIKOS. Priest, lepevs. Professor, Schoolmaster, Shoemaker, Student, (poirrjrrjs, crTrovS Tailor, paTTT^s. Tobacconist, Kam>oir\r]s. Tradesman, TTjS. Undertaker, Upholsterer, Waiter, v Washerwoman, Watchmaker, cbpoXoyoTroio'y. Wine-merchant, olvepiropos. Writer, ypa^)evs, o-vyypcxpevs. 1 All Greek words in this Vocabulary are masculine except Trhv 256 Modern Greek. Public Buildings; parts of a town, TTJS TrdXecoy. Kripia' Ta Academy, f] a Arsenal, 6 vavcrraSnos' f] OTT- \odr)KT). Asylum (for idiots), TO ao-i/Xoi/ jjiaipaiv. Asylum (for orphans), TO op- (pavorpotpfiov. Bank, National, Ionian, C H Tpa7rea, fj 'EdviKrj, f) 'lovucf). Barracks, ol o-rpaTaves. Cabstand, o V afj.aa>v. Coffee-house, cafe, TO Katpelov, TO KCXpfVtlOV. Capital (of a country), 17 Trpa>- rfvovcra. Carriage, open, shut, ^ a/ma, Cathedral, f] Cemetery, TO Chapel, TO TTapeKK\r}). Shore, TO TrapaXiov, f] OKTIJ. Square, ^ wXaTfia. Statue, TO ayaX/ia. Street, winding, ij oSo'y, eXtKo- (i8rjs. Suburb, distant, TO Trpoacrreiov, The Terrace, rj rapdra-a, TO 8>fj,a, Tower, Venetian, 6 nvpyos, 'EvfTlKOS. Town, sea-, commercial-, 17 TroXiy, 7rapa$aXaacrioj-, e^t- Town-hall, TO University, student, TO TTlO-TTIfUOV, 6 6vva-is. Envelope, 6 <^a/ceXXoy. Expression, ^ <=K(ppacris. Grum, T) yofipa, TO Ko/ijut. Ink, TI fj.t\dvT]. Inkstand, TO p.f\avoBoxfiov. Letter, TO ypdpfia, r] eVioroX^. Letter-box, TO ypap.p,aTOK.ij3s. Wait for an answer, dndvrr](Tiv. Wafer, 17 odpov y crapova). Brush, f) ftovpTcra, 17 Candle, to light, TO nypi, dvdrr- TO). Carpet, TO x^> Tarrrjs. Castle, T] ejravXis, TO (ppovpiov. Ceiling, TO Taftdvt, 17 6po(pfj. Cellar, 17 d Arrange (Imp.), TcucTorroirja-ov. Back room, TO oirio-Bfv da>p.d- TIOV. Balcony, 6 fgoHrrrjs. Barrel, TO ^apeXt, 6 Ka8or. Basement, TO Bason, to wash, fj \ficdvr), t, \ovofj.ai. Beam, f) SOKO?. Bed, to lie down, TO Bedding, to sleep, TCI a-Tpv, KaSto- vifa. Blanket, 17 iraravia, TO e. House, 17 otKi'a. Jug, f) \dyr)vo$. Key, to unlock, TO avoiyw (^ffcXeiSovco). Kitchen, to cook, TO Kitchen utensils, ra (TKfVrj. Knocker, TO porrrpov. Ladder, staircase, fj tr/caXa, Lamp, to trim, 17 Xd/irra, 6 Xi)^ vos, fToipafa TOV \vxvov. Lock, f) K\fifta>vid, TO K\fWpov. Looking-glass, 6 Kad Marble, TO fj.dpjj.apov. Mat, 17 \^d$a, f] Matches, to light, ra o-iripra, Mattress, TO o-Tpoi/ia. Nail, TO Kapfpt, 6 TJ\OS. Padlock, TO \OVKfTTOV. Pane of glass, TO v Pavement, TO irf^o8 Peg, to hang up, TO KfltfJUt, Pianoforte, TO TO iridvo. Picture, to paint, 17 (LKV, fa>- ypafpifa. Pillar, 17 o-Trj\r]. Pillow, TO pagiXdpi. Plank, plaster, 17 aavis, 6 ytyos. Portrait, rj flv. Roof, 17 o-Ttyr). Room, TO ScB/iaTtov. Saucepan, 17 KaTo-apoXa. Sheets, clean, dry, TO crwo'ovia, Kadapd, o-reyvd. Shelf, TO pd(pi, fj cravis. Shutters, open, shut (Imp.), TO Trapa6vp6ipv\\a, avoi^f, Smoke, 6 KCITTVOS. Soap, TO o-aTtovvi, 6 v. Sofa, 6 . Stone, 6 \i6os. Stove, f) 0fpp.do-rpa. Sweep (Imp.), o-Kovmo-f, o-dpu>- . Tablecloth, TO Tpcnr(u[j.dvv- \ov. Towel, 17 Trero-eVa. Trunk, TO O-(VTOVKI, TO KI^OITIOV. Tumbler, to drink, TO TTLVO). "Wall, 6 TOI^OS, TO Tft Washhand stand, 6 Well, TO Tnjydfti, TO (ppeap. S 2 260 Modern Greek. Window, TO TTCtpddvpOV. Wood, yard, court, TO v\ov, Articles of Dress, Ta ^tp-q TTJS fv8vfM8vp.a, TOV CTVpfJBDV. Coat, great, 6 eVei/Si/n/s. Collar, 6 Ko\dpos, TO Trepirpa- xfjXiov. Comb, TO KTevi. Cuff, TO paVlKfTTl, f] Drawers, TO eo-aftpaK Fit, to, Taipida>. Gloves, TO. ydvria, TO, Handkerchief, silk, TO Xto/, TO pivonaKTpov, TQV. Hat, TO KaTT(\OV, 6 7TXoS. Necktie, 6 \aip.ofTt]s. Pistol, TO TTtO'ToXlOl'. Pocket, f) Ta-fiTT), TO QvKamov. Purse, TO jSo Razor, TO vpd(piov. Ring, TO 8aKTv\i8iov. Seal, f) o-v Tooth-powder, f} O^OVTOKOVIS. Trousers, TO Trai/TaXoVt, ai Umbrella, 17 o/z7rpe'Xa. Waistcoat, TO -yeXext, 6 virev- dvrrjs. Walking-stick, TO /wrao-rowt, jj j3aKTT]pia., TO paf38iov. Watch is slow, TO a>po\6yu>v nrjyaivd onicrca. Watch is fast, TO wpoXo'yto/ Tnjyaivd yprjyopa. Watch- chain, f] SXva-is TOV a>po- \oyiov. Watch-key, to wind up, TO K\(i8iov TOV wpoXoyt'ou, Kovp- Vocabulary. Shooting, To Barrel of a gun, fj Boar, 6 KOTrpos, 6 d Covey, TO KOTraSt. Double-barrelled gun, OTrXov. Fire (Imp.), Trvp ! Foxhunting, TO Kvvtjyiov d\d>- TTfKOS. Game, TO Kvvfjyiov, fj aypa. Gun, TO TOV(f)fKl, TO OTT\OV. Hare, 6 Xayws. I have hit, fKrimja-a. Load (Imp.), y((j.ia, TO. Hrr]va, K.T.\. Animal, TO >ov. Bear, fj apKros. Bee, 17 /leXtCTO-a. Bird, TO TTTrjVOV. Boar, TO yovpovvi, 6 xoipo Butterfly, 17 nfraXovda, 17 Camel, fj KdprjXos. Cat, f) yard, fj yaXf/. Chicken, TO 6pvt6oTroiJ\i. Cock, 6 KOKOpdS, 6 TTfTflVOS, 6 0\fKTO>p, Cow, beef, 17 ayeXdr, TO Pcabtvov. CuckoO, 6 KOVKKOS, 6 KOKKvg. Dog, 6 o-KvXoj, 6 KVW, Dolphin, 6 8e\(pit>. Donkey, TO ydidovpi, 6 ovos. Duck, wild duck, f] -nama, iffjcrcra, 17 dypioTrdiria. Eagle, 6 deros. Egg, TO avyov, TO v. Ox, 6 POVS. Oyster, TO &vi, 6 Taws. Pheasant, 6 (pa\iJKi, 6 a-KwXijg Wolf, 6 \VKOS. Trees, Flowers, Fruits, To AvSpa, Ta"A.v6r], at 'Oncopat. Almond, TO a/xiry5aXoi>. Apple, TO fjLTj\ov. Apricot, TO ftfpVKOKKOV. Ash-tree, 17 /^eXi'a. Bark, 6 . Lilv, TO Kplvov. Lime tree, 17 8r]s. Impatience, impatient, r\ dv- VTrop.ovrjo'ia, dvuno^ovos. Incivility, uncivil, 17 ayeWta, Intellect, 6 vovs, fj bidvoia. Jealousy, jealous, 17 Joy, happy, 17 x a P a , ^ Knowledge, 17 yvaxris. Life, to live, 17 C W) 7> C 1 ^- Memory, to remember, ^ pvr)p.ri, (vdvp.ovp.ai. Passion, passionate, TO -rrddos, TTfpnra6fis. Pleasure, 17 evxapi Politeness, polite, 17 evyeveta, Reason, TO Remembrance, f] dvdp.vr)o-is, Shame, TO au 264 Modern Greek. Sight, eye, f] opao-is, 6 oypa(piKt]. Water-color, ^ v Oil-painting, f) f\aioypa(pia. Landscape, TO TOTreioi'. Portrait, f) fl<^v. Fresco, T) roix.oypa(pia. Mosaic, TO ptocraiKOV. Colouring, 6 xP a> t JLaTla 'i J -os. Shading, 77 Canvas, TO Brush, f) ypaTol KIOIXS. Capital, TO Kiovoxpavov. Metope, 17 /ieTOTTT?. Base, 17 jSatrir, TO ftdffpov. Colonnade, TJ KtovocrTOi^ia, r) CTTOa. Caryatides, ai KapvaTtSer. Arch, r) d\//ty. Gate (of city), 17 TTV\T). Temple, 6 vaos. Altar, TO OvcriacrTi'ipiov, 6 /3co/io'y. Statue, 6 dvdpids, TO aya\p.a. Cathedral, 77 wTporroXis. Church, 17 tKK\r)cria, 6 vaos. Harmony, 77 ap^ovia. Proportion, 77 dvaXoyia. Ruins, TO (pfiTTia. Vandals, 01 BavSaXot. Barbarians, ot fidpftapoi. Venetian Tower, 6 'EvfTiKos jrvpyos. Broken, destroyed, vov Man, 'O av Ancestors, ot npoyovoi. Parents, ot yovtls. Father, 6 rraTTyp. Mother, 77 /^T/ip. Brother, 6 a6eX(po'r. Sister, 77 dSeX^jj Grandfather, 6 .. Child, TO TfKVOV. Son, 6 jjtds. Daughter, 77 Grandson, 6 Z Descendants, ot d Uncle, 6 ddos. Aunt, 77 Qt'ia. Cousin, o eu8eXu/iev/ieVor. Old man, 6 ytpw. Old woman, f) ypala. His age, 17 fjXiKia TOU. The Human Body, To d Head, f) Kftpdkr). Hair, ru /xaXXia, f) Forehead, TO Face, TO npocramov. Eyes, eyebrows, ot o(pda\pol, al o(ppvs. Nose, fj pis (f/ fj.vTTJ). Ears, TO 2)Ta. Teeth, ot o6i>T(s. MoUth, TO (TTOfia. Tongue, fj y\a>acra. Cheeks, ra p.dyov\a, al irapfiai. Beard, TO yevetov. Moustache, o Neck, 6 Xat/idf, 6 Throat, 6 \dpvyg. Chest, TO a-Trjdos, Bosom, 6 /co\77oy. Shoulder, 6 Back, 17 pd)(is, Arm, 6 Hand, TO Finger, 6 Thumb, 6 dvri Nails, 01 ovv%f Side, 17 TrXeupa. Lungs, 6 m>tvf Stomach, 6 Hips, TO Thigh, 6 p.rjp6s. Leg, 17 KVTJM- Calf of the leg, f] Knee, TO y6w. Foot, 6.7TOUS. Skin, TO 8epp.a, fj fTri8fpfj.is. Bones, Ta oo-ra. Flesh, TO Kpeas. Muscles, 01 p.v>vfs. Heart, 17 Kapdia. Tears, TO. dd/uo-i?, 17 ' Air, 6 drjp. Bank (of a river), f) o^fy. Bay, 6 KO\TTOS. Beach, TO napdXtov, fj dupo- da\aTT]plOV. Continent, 17 fjireipos. Vocabulary. 267 Corn, 6 alros. Cotton, 6 /3a'/z/3a. Dust, blinding, 6 Koviopros, TV(ft\0)V(idV. Earth, 17 yfj. Earthquake, 6 o-fto-p.o'y. Estate, TO vnocrTariKov, TO Krr]fj.a. Field, fertile, TO xcopa8(S. Mud, 17 \do-nrj, 6 j36p[3opos. Ocean, 6 oiKeavos. Olive trees, Ta e'Xato'Sei'fipa. Peasant, 6 Peninsula, 17 Plain, 17 Tredids. Plough, TO ciporpoi'. Points of the compass, TO crrj/jLtla Trjs Trv^idos. North, 6 poppas. East, 17 avaTO\r]. South, 77 p.fo-r)p.j3pia. West, 17 8vo-is. Rock, 6 /Spd^or. Sea, 77 ^dXacro-a. Shepherd, hardy, 6 Shore, sandy, 77 OKT^, a^wSr;?. Sky, blue, 6 ovpavos, Kuai/ous-. Stars, Ta acTTpa. Sun, 6 fj\ios. Swamp, feverish, 6 jSdXTor, TTVpTU>8rjy. Tide, TO pevfia. Tree, TO 8ev8pov. Valley, green, f/ KoiXd?, irpa- (rivr). Water, good to drink, TO vSwp, ir6vov. Contracted, trwgpiff&ios. Conversation, 17 crwSiaXff-is. Copy out, to, dvTtypdfpa. Dative, 17 SOTIK^. Declension, f) K\IO-IS. Defective, Dialogue, 6 Dictation, 17 vn-ayopevo-is. Difficult, Svo-KoXos. Diphthong, 6 8i6oyyos. Dual, 6 OVIKOS. Educated man, 6 Trtrraiofvp.(i>os avdpconos. Exclamation (note of), TO Exercise, TO yvp-vao-pa, TO dep.a. Expression, fj eKv, TTp&TOS, dfVTfpOS. Gender, TO ytvos. Genitive, 17 yevinrj. High style, TO v\l/r)\6v v(f>os. Imperative, 17 Imperfect, 6 Impersonal, aT Indicative, 17 o Infinitive, TO a Interjection, TO iri(pa>vr)p.a. Irregular, di/o Leaf, TO (pv\\ov. Learn, to (by heart), fj.av6dvu> (e'/c (TTTjdovs, djr' e^w). Lesson, TO pddr)fj.a. Libraiy, 17 pipXiodrjKT). Long vowel, TO p.aicp6v Margin, TO Mark, TO crr Masculine, TO d Master, 6 8i8ao-aAoj. Mean, to, evvoSi, Meaning, 17 ewoia, 77 Middle voice, 17 p.f/ d Vocabulary. 269 Prose, 6 7re6s Xdyoy. Pupil, 6 Quickly, Read (Imp.), dvdyvaxrov. Repeat (Imp.), enavaXa^ov Rule, 6 Kava>v. Rulev, 6 Kava>v. Say, to, Xeyw. School, TO a)(o\ftoi>. Semicolon, ij avco TeXei'a, 17 Short, /Spa^uy. Singular, o eviKos. Slowly, /SpaS/co?. Spelling, TJ 6p6oypa(j)ia. Spell (Imp.), opdoypa^ov, ervX- Xa/3t(roj'. Stop, TI TfXfia. Study, to, o-n-ouSd^w, /ieXerco. Subjunctive, j \moraKTiKr]. Substantive, TO ov Superlative, TO vi Syllable, 77 o-v\\afifj. Syntax, y (rvvra^is. Teacher, 6 6\SacncaXo?. Tell, to, Xeyco. Tense, 6 xpwoy. Termination, r; (caro Title, 6 TiVXo?. Tragedy, 17 Translation, T) e^rj University, TO Used in conversation, ev s. Vocabulary, TO Vocative, ?; doriKfj Vowel, TO (f)a>vtjfv. Vulgar, THE WKITTEN CHARACTER GREEK handwriting varies as much as English, and is just as difficult, for a foreigner who has not a thorough knowledge of the language, to decipher. The forms given below are those in ordinary use, written in a clear, bold hand, to aid the beginner. The abbreviations must be learned by practice. PRINTED. WKITTEN. CAPITAL. SMALL. Alpha ... a ... l J/(Q t Jfo ct Veta ft _x Ghamma ... 7 ... ./ Dhelta ... B Epsilon ... e Zeta ... ^ Eta ... v ... rjto. ^6; -rt Theta ... ^ Eota ... i Kappa ... K Lamvtha... > ... ^/(O) -/U jj Me tt The Written Character. 271 FEINTED. Ne . Xe Omicron ... Pe Eho Seghma . . . Taf Epsilon . . . Fe He Pse Omegha ... , 9 X WRITTEN. CAPITAL. SMALL. 06, 06 'd' o n I. f X * ._ 7*7 K^*i^w.j | / / / v *. &* QiV lvUi,W / f fl ' 01 " I v .._ :._: . r /fc4ff nwfl'a*s Lav t PA* / / / 1 i \ t r * 273 'Ev 'AQvjvoitt, r-fj 30>j 'Airpihiw, 1879. ava.yKa.iyOfj.ai va py of^Qx ryv 5\55,\ V 'I7l< 1$ TYJV KOp(/[J.yV TSfjf aVplOV. CiTT i(f>V A.O,? jtxoy, aa$ irapaKaXa va [ty Trape^YjyrjyYjre ryv airowriav [t.'jv, KOI ^larekS) ^ter' l^ianipag t/Tr&A^ewf Kai A. Pp. K . UC Southern Regional Library F A 000 494 775 o