HOW TO FIGURE TYPE COMPOSITION BY KNOWN FACTORS A NEW, EASY, AND LABOR-SAVING METHOD OF FINDING THE NUMBER OF EMS IN ANY FORM OF TYPE MATTER ALSO REFERENCE TABLES. WEIGHT OF LINOTYPE COMPOSITION, AND OTHER INFORMATION OF VALUE TO PRINTERS, PUBLISHERS, AND PRINTING BUYERS B]) Martin Heir HEIR PUBLISHING COMPANY Box 274, EvanstoD, Illinois wiw w mi mm HOW TO FIGURE TYPE COMPOSITION BY KNOWN FACTORS A NEW, EASY, AND LABOR-SAVING METHOD OF FINDING THE NUMBER OF EMS IN ANY FORM OF TYPE MATTER ALSO REFERENCE TABLES, WEIGHT OF LINOTYPE COMPOSITION, AND OTHER INFORMATION OF VALUE TO PRINTERS, PUBLISHERS, AND PRINTING BUYERS By Martin Heir HEIR PUBLISHING COMPANY Box 274, £vaDston, Illinois Copyright, 1914 by MARTIN HEIR All Rights Reserved John A. Childs Printing Company, Evanston, Illinois INTRODUCTION 'TpHIS booklet, in bringing out a new, time-saving and absolutely reliable method -*• for finding the number of ems in the type page or any other form of type matter, is intended as a message of cheer and relief to those who have been struggling with this tiresome and somewhat intricate problem by the use of the methods now prevailing. The method here offered is so simple and easy that it can be mastered by any one with a knowledge of the rudiments of multiplication ; and it is so time-saving and reliable that the type contents of the biggest page can be found in a minute to the fraction of an em. We readily admit that this is a somewhat bold and broad statement that hardly will pass without proof. We hasten, therefore, to assure everybody concerned that this is not an attempt to market a freak idea, nor is it the result of a desire to add another untried experiment to the world's abundant supply. No, indeed not. For, although this method is simplicity itself, it is built on the time-honored mathematical principle of equivalents as taught in every school the world over where mathematics is included in the curriculum, and daily practiced by every engineer as long as history can record. It can therefore be claimed without fear of contradiction that it has a reasonably sound foundation. Besides, and to give the printer and printing buyer still less reason to waste energy on calculations, a series of reference tables have been appended shov/ing the number of ems in nearly every type page imaginable in all type bodies in common use. These tables have been arranged in such a manner that no matter how many type bodies a page or galley contains, the actual number of ems in such page or galley can be determined with as much ease and as quickly as if the page or galley had contained a single type body. By reason of the rules in force in machine composition offices in different cities of charging nothing less than twenty ems to the line of the type set for all machine composition, it has been found necessary to give both the actual number of ems to the line and the number of ems according to this rule for all measures up to 14 ems of 8 point and 17 ems of 10 point. (See appended rules for machine composition.) Note — It must be understood that the method here brought forth will give the actual number of ems in the page or galley, and therefore does not admit of any arbitrary addition or deduction. The aim has been to substitute mathematical correctness for uncertain guesswork. Every em in the page or galley is accounted for, no more and no less. The Author. 3 339511 Extract from an Article in the American Printer for March, 1914: "With a rule or tape graduated to inches any one can readily ascertain the number of ems of any body size a page contains. It is better to use square ems than square inches, for a page always contains a certain fixed number of ems, tho it seldom does of inches. Take a page 22 x 41 picas, for example, and with a foot rule tell me how many square inches it contains. The narrow way it is three and two-thirds inches, the long way six and five-sixths. The common field variety of rule is graduated to neither thirds nor sixths, for which reason the square-inch estimator must perforce approximate the dimensions in inches unless he happens to know that a pica is a sixth of an inch. If, however, he has this knowledge, he must multiply six and five-sixths by three and two-thirds. He has a problem something like this : "Eleven-thirds multiplied by forty-one sixths equals four hundred and fifty- one eighteenths. Four hundred and fifty-one divided by eighteen equals twenty- five and one-eighteenth square inches. "Or he might reduce the dimensions to sixths, when his problem would be : "Six and five-sixths equals forty-one sixths, three and two-thirds equals twenty-two sixths. Forty-one sixths multiplied by twenty-two sixths equals nine hundred and two sixths. In a square inch are thirty-six sixths. Nine hun- dred and two sixths divided by thirty-six sixths equal twenty-five and one-eight- eenth sixths, or twenty-five and one-eighteenth square inches. "Were the estimator a practical printer (which all estimators should be), he would first decide as accurately as possible which of the several sizes of body-type the composition would approximate if it were display composition, tho were it straight matter or tabular w'ork he would of course know the body size. Assuming the size to be ten-point leaded, the printer would multiply each dimension of the page by twelve, as there are twelve points to the pica. The problem would be : 22 X 12 equals 264 poins. 264 divided by 10 equals 26.4 lines or ems of ten-point body type. "41 X 12 equals 492 points. 492 divided by 10 equals 49.2 lines or ems of ten-point type. "The rule with printers is that if the fractional part of an em is less than half it will not be counted ; if it is a half or more it will be counted a full em. We have therefore 26 x 49 ems, which gives us 1,274 ems per page." Compare the above with the method advocated on the following pages, and draw your own conclusions. HOW TO FIGURE TYPE COMPOSITION BY KNOWN FACTORS NO argument is necessary to convince anyone with a little knowledge of com- posing room details that four 6-point ems are required to exactly and completely fill the space of one 12-point em. Theory and practice agree on this point, and experience has so often and decidedly proven this to be a fact, that no force of persuasion will ever change the printer's mind in this respect. But, if it is a fact that the smaller type body has a fixed fractional relation to the larger considered singly or individually in the unit of the em — if it is a fact that a certain fixed proportional term or equivalent will express the exact relation of the em of one type body to the em of the other — it must follow as a natural consequence that the same term can be used to express the exact relation of the tzvo type bodies in question no matter hozv many ems of the larger type body is to be considered; it must follow that this fixed relation can be relied upon with mathematical certainty in determining the number of ems in any form of type matter where the 12-point or pica em is the standard of measurement, and that as far as the relation of 6-point to 12-point is concerned it can be expressed by the fixed proportional term 4:1. Take a type page 25 x 40 picas in size, for example. Any printer having had a little experience in figuring type composition knows that this page contains 1000 pica ems, because 25 x 40 == 1000. He also knows, as stated above, that four 6-point ems are required to fill the space of one 12-point em ; consequently he will readily see that if this page is set in 6-point it will contain 1000 x 4 = 4000 6-point ems because of this 4:1 relation between the two type bodies. Another example : A page 23 x 41 pica ems in size contains 23 x 41 = 943 pica ems, or 23 x 41 x 4 = 3772 6-point ems, because of the same proportional relation. Without fear of contradiction it can therefore be stated as a mathematical fact that the number of 6-point ems in any form of type matter of a given number of 12-point ems is equal to the number of these 12-point ems multiplied by the number of 6-point ems contained in a 12-point em, that is, multiplied by the proportional term or equivalent 4. And this statement can just as positively be followed by another: The num- ber of ems in a given space and a given body of type is directly proportional to the number of times the unit or em of the type body in question is contained in the unit or em of the standard of measurement, the 12-point or pica em. In other words : just as surely and accurately as the number of 6-point ems in a type page of a given number of 12-point ems can be determined by multiply- ing said number of 12-point ems by the proportional term or equivalent 4, can the number of ems of the same page or any other page be determined in any other size of body type by multiplying its number of 12-point ems by the propor- tional term or equivalent of that type body as stated below. Being the term expressing the number of times each unit or em of the smaller type body is HOW TO FIGURE TYPE COMPOSITION BY KNOWN FACTORS contianecl in the 12-point unit or em, the equivalent of such type body is always a known factor which must be used as a multiplier of the other known factor, the number of 12-point ems in the type form in question. Briefly stated, therefore, the equivalent is an indicator showing how many times the unit or em of a type body is contained in the 12-point em, as well as how' many times said unit or em is contained in a known number of 12-point ems. It will thus be seen that there is no room for uncertain groping and waste of time and labor. Every operation is one of straight multiplication, and can be successfully performed by anyone having a rudimentary knowledge of this branch of arithmetic. Try it on any page you wish, and see how easily results are obtained. Having thus established the importance of the equivalent in figuring the type form, the next important step is to find such equivalent for all the type bodies in common use. This we do by reducing each body of type into its smallest possible unit, the square point, and then by dividing the square-point contents of the 12-point em by the square-point contents of the type body we wish to determine. The result obtained by this process shows that the space occupied by the 12-point em in any form of type matter is equal to 1.19 ems of 11 -point 1.44 ems of 10 -point 1.778 ems of 9 -point 2.25 ems of 8 -point 2.94 ems of 7 -point 4.00 ems of 6 -point 4.76 ems of 5>^ -point 5.76 ems of 5 -point and the exact number of ems of any of the type bodies here mentioned in a type form of a stated number of i2-point ems equals this number of i2-point ems multiplied by the equivalent of the type body in question as here given. This statement we will prove by again referring to the page of 25 x 40 picas in size. As stated before, the page contains 25 x 40 = 1000 12-point ems. To find the number of ems contained in this page of any of the other type bodies mentioned we simply multiply one known factor by the other. For example : 11 -point— 1000 X 1.19 = 1190 ems 10 -point— 1000 X 1.44 = 1440 ems 9 -point— 1000 X 1.778 = 1778 ems 8 -point— 1000 X 2.25 = 2250 ems 7 -point— 1000 X 2.94 = 2940 ems 6 -point— 1000 X 4 = 4000 ems 51^ -point— 1000 X 4.76 = 4760 ems 5 -point— 1000 X 5.76 = 5760 ems Therefore, if the number of 12-point ems in the type form are known, and you wish to find how many 11-point ems such type form contains, multiply by 1.19; if 10-point is desired, multiply by 1.44; if 9-point, by 1.778 (or 1.78 if you HOW TO FIGURE TYPE COMPOSITION BY KNOWN, FACTORS wish; it is close enough for all practical purposes); if 8-point, by 2.25, etc.. according to the table above. It will readily be seen that if this method is followed the finding of the correct number of ems in the type form becomes so easy and simple that pencil and paper hardly are required for 6 and 8-point, while the other type bodies having an equivalent of a more complicated decimal number can be figured in less than half the time necessary by any other known method. A few practical illustrations will prove this statement. Let us find the number of 10-point ems in a page 20 X 35 picas. We first multiply 20 x 35 to find the number of pica ems, which is 700; then we multiply this 700 by the 10-point equivalent 1.44 because we know there are just 1.44 10-point ems in one pica em, and consequently there must be 700 X 1.44 in a page containing 700 pica ems. The result obtained is 1008 10-point ems. The same page contains 700 x 2.25 (or 2%) = 1575 8-point ems because there are 2.25 (2^) 8-point ems in each pica em. Or another : One of the popular weeklies has type pages 57 picas wide by 77 picas deep. It is now set in 8-point. If the publisher of this weekly should decide to change his type matter to 7-point, how much more composition would he have to pay for on each page? Solution— 57 X 77 X 2.94 = 12904 57 X 77 X 2.25 = 9875 Difference 3029 ems Suppose he intended to change to 6-point, what would be the number of 6-point ems in each page ? 57 X 77 X 4 = 17556 6-point ems This, we hope, is sufficient to convince the progressive printer and publisher that if they use known factors in figuring their type matter a lot of valuable time can be saved for better and more profitable purposes. Furthermore, it will give the satisfaction of knowing that the figures obtained are absolutely correct. As will be noticed, the examples cited above have been of type pages containing one single type size or body. This may possibly lead to the objection that the catalog page, invariably containing two, three and even four sizes or bodies of type, cannot be figured as easily by this method. To find the correct number of ems in the catalog page has always been the bane of the printing estimator and has con.sumed a lot of his valuable time as well as caused a lot of his worries. As the greatest claim for this new method of figuring type composition is its time-saving possibilities — the quickness by which reliable results can be obtained — it would be inadequate to a degree of worthlessness if it couldn't offer a satisfactory solution of this complicated problem — the quick and reliable figuring of the catalog page. For the benefit of the printing estimator, therefore, as well as for the benefit of all who may have to struggle with this kind of pages, we will prove by a few illustrations how simple and easy the problem becomes when equivalents are used as multipliers and known factors substituted for guesswork. 7 HOW TO FIGURE TYPE COMPOSITION BY KNOWN FACTORS Suppose the page in question is taken from a wholesale catalog 50 x 70 picas in size. Our first known factor will be the 3500 pica ems contained in the page. Now suppose that the big part of the type matter is set in 8-point and the rest in 5j/2-point. For a ready illustration let us say that the Sj^^-point type matter would fill a space 20 x 20 or 400 pica ems. Then Solution— (3500 — 400) 3100 X 2.25 = 6975 400 X 4.76 = 1904 Total number of ems in page 8879 Another page in the same catalog is divided equally between 10, 8, 6 and 5- point. What is the content in ems of the type set? Solution— (3500 -^ 4) 875 X 1.44 = 1260 875 X 2.25 = 1969 875 X 4 = 3500 875 X 5.76 = 5040 Total number of ems in page 11769 An automobile supply catalog, size 36 x 52 picas, is set in 10 and 6-point. Suppose the type matter set in 6-point would fill the space of 19 x 36 picas on a page. What would the type contents of the page be? Solution— 36 X 19 X 4 = 2736 36 X 33 X 1-44 = 1711 Total number of ems in page 4447 Thus it will be seen that not even the catalog page should be a cause of worry in days to come. Now let us, by an illustration, solve the problem of machine composition in the galley. A printer received from his linotyper seven galleys of composition, all set 18 ems wide. There were four galleys of 10-point, respectively 120, 128, 130 and 132 picas in length ; two galleys of 8-point, 118 and 128 picas in length, and one galley of 6-point, 111 picas long. To find the correct number of ems in the type set the problem is solved in the following manner : Solution— 120 -f 128 -\- 130 -f- 132 = 510 picas 10-point 118 -f 128 == 246 picas 8-point 510 X 18 X 1.44 = 13219 246 X 18 X 2.25 = 9963 111 X 18 X 4 = 7992 Total number of ems 31174 How many 10-point ems in a galley 125 pica ems long by 21^ pica ems wide? Solution— 125 X 21.5 X 1-44 = 3870 HOW TO FIGURE TYPE COMPOSITION BY KNOWN FACTORS How many 8-point ems in a galley 125 picas long by 42 picas wide, according to the rules in force in machine composition offices? Solution— 125 X 42 X 2.25 X 1.5 = 17719 Note — In measuring type composition in the galley the same rule is applic- able as explained in regard to the type page : Find the number of pica ems in the galley ; then multiply by the equivalent of the type body or bodies in question. Where there are many galleys of the same length and width and of the same type body multiply the number of pica ems in one galley by the number of galleys, then by the equivalent in question. A still easier method is advocated under the heading. Pica for Standard Linotype Galley Length. A table showing the number of ems in such a galley in all type bodies and in all measures from 10 to 30 ems is given in the reference tables. We have claimed for this method that it is simple, practical and time and labor- saving; and this claim we have tried to substantiate with abundant proof. There remains, therefore, only one more point to settle: Is it reliable? Can it be de- pended on to give the correct number of ems in the type page or galley ? Although this question could easily be met with the counter question : Is it possible that there are more or less than four 6-point ems in one pica em ? the method in itself is so simple that the skeptic may find excuse for his doubt in its simplicity. Furthermore, the history of progress shows that every forward step from the complicated to the simple has been regarded with doubt. We will therefore make a comparison between this method of figuring type composition and the old-time printers' method (which, by the way, still is the prevailing method in most printing offices.) We will again consider the 10-point page mentioned above, 20 x 35 picas in size. According to the method here advocated, this page contains 1008 10-point ems. Of course, we could with propriety claim that any method by which more or less than 1008 10-point ems is found in this page is absolutely wrong in prin- ciple, but we will be guided rather by the old rule that proof is better than assertion. By the old-time method mentioned we first find the number of 10-point ems in the line, which is done by multiplying the number of 12-point ems (20) by 12 and dividing the product by 10. In this way we find that there are 24 10-point ems in the 20-pica line. In the same manner we find that there are 42 10-point lines in the 35-pica depth of the page. Then Solution— 42 X 24 = 1008 10-point ems If still more proof is demanded, attention is called to the fact that there are 144 square points in the 12-point em, 100 in the 10-point em, and 64 in the 8-point em. By dividing 144 by 100, 1.44 is the result obtained; by 64, 2.25 is the result. Make yourself a square containnig 100 12-point ems, 10 in a row ; then make one of 144 10-point ems, 12 in a row, and one of 225 8-point ems, 15 in a row. By comparing them you will find that the three squares occupy exactly the same space. The proportion, therefore, as set forth in the foregoing discus- sion, must be absolutely correct. HOW TO FIGURE TYPE COMPOSITION BY KNOWN FACTORS PRACTICAL WAY TO USE REFERENCE TABLES TT is a matter of every-day experience that, in these days of ])rice cutting and -^ fierce struggle for business, the printer best equipped with labor-saving devices of all kinds is the one carrying away the plums. The printer's customer is generally a busy one, whose time is valuable. As such he asks quick action, and can hardly be expected to look with favor on anyone taking more of his time than absolute necessity demands, be it in the production of his order or in estimating its cost. The printer, therefore, who finds it necessary to use pencil and paper in long, tedious calculation of the composition cost of a page of stated size and type body, is not likely to remain long in his favor. He will expect him to be in possession of the necessary data to settle such details with the least possible loss of time. With an honest desire to furnish such data in the most practical and reliable manner, the reference tables contained in this book have been worked out. The object in view has been to save the printer's time. To that end special attention has been given the page containing more than one size of body type. Suppose you wish to find the number of ems in a page 23 x 42 pica ems in size. 18 pica ems in length of this page are set in 10-point, 14 in 8-point, and 10 in 6-point. By referring to the page where the 23-em quotations are given, you will find under the respective headings : 6-point— 23 X 10 = 920 8-point— 23 X 14 = 725 10-point— 23 X 18 = 596 By adding the numbers together you have the correct number of ems in the page. Follow this method in all cases where there are more than one type body in the page. PLEA FOR STANDARD LINOTYPE GALLEY LENGTH T) Y considering the example given above of the printer receiving seven galleys -L* of linotype composition from the machine office, no two of which were of the same length, the question will of necessity present itself : Why were not these galleys made up in even lengths, or as many of them as could conveniently so be arranged ? This question leads to another : Why have not the machine offices adopted a standard galley length? There are at least three strong reasons why every machine office selling linotype composition to the trade, or otherwise handling linotype composition to any extent, should adopt such a standard galley length. First — Because it saves valuable time and increases the profit. If a standard galley length of, say 22 inches, is adopted, and the operators are instructed to 10 HOW TO FIGURE TYPE COMPOSITION BY KNOWN FACTORS fill their galleys accordingly, the dreary task of measuring the strings can be more or less dispensed with. What now generally takes the biggest part of the forenoon of a well-paid employe, can be accomplished in half an hour. Clear gain — a lot of valuable time. Second — Because the front office will at all times know where the precious linotype metal is located without having to depend on the figures handed in by careless office boys. This applies in the same measure to the customer who must account for the metal received. Clear gain — less friction between the linotyper and his customer in regard to metal received and shipped. Third — Because the customer will be pleased. He knows, or is very likely to find out, that there is no reason under the sun why his 10, 12 or 14 galleys of 10-point, all set to the same measure, can not be delivered to him in strings of the same length. His time is as valuable as the next man's, and he may not be able to see why he should be forced to waste it in measuring his galley proofs. Clear gain — satisfaction where it is ivorth something. Have a measure made exactly 132 picas in length, and instruct your operators to fill their galleys to the end of that measure, and no more. There is no loss of time, and the result will be immediately appreciated by all directly concerned. For the number of ems in such a galley in all type bodies from 5 to 12-point, and in all widths from 10 to 30 ems, half measures included, see pages 13 and 14. HOW TO ESTIMATE WEIGHT OF LINOTYPE COMPOSITION THE publisher of a weekly, semi-monthly or monthly publication, as well as the printer engaged in the production of technical or scientific books requiring many proofs, often are forced to have considerable quantities of linotype metal tied up from one month to another. This metal must be paid for by somebody, and the interest on such an investment must come out of somebody's pocket. To know with certainty how many pounds of linotype metal are required for a galley of composition of a certain number of ems or for a book page of a certain size, is therefore a matter of interest to them. For their benefit, therefore, we will show how linotype metal can be correctly estimated, in fact, as correctly estimated as it can be weighed on any ordinary scale. Linotype slugs, as they come from the machine in an average day's run in linotype offices where good slugs are required, weighs 7 pounds for each 1000 pica ems for all faces up to and incluidng 10-point; 11 and 12-point, 6]4, pounds. This is for solid slugs, free from air holes aiid trimmed correctly to the fraction of a point. 8-point set on a 10-point slug, or 10-point set on a 12-point slug, weighs a trifle more than 6^ pounds per 1000 pica ems. A galley 22 inches long weighs 1 pound for each pica em in width for all measures up to and including 13 pica ems; that is, a galley of linotype composition 13 picas wide and 22 inches long, weighs 13 pounds ; between 13 and 20 ems in width, a trifle less than a pound per pica width, varying about 3^ to ^ pound to the galley as the measure increases. A galley 20 pica ems wide weighs about 19^ pounds ; a galley 25 pica ems wide about 243/2 pounds, and a galley 30 pica ems wide about 29^ pounds. This too, 11 HOW TO FIGURE TYPE COMPOSITION BY KNOWN FACTORS is for a solid slug as mentioned above. For a slug 2 points thicker than the face, deduct ^ pound for measures of 13 pica ems or less in width ; ^A pound for measures 14, 15 and 16 pica ems in width; ^ pound for measures from 17 to 20 pica ems in width, and 1 pound for all measures above 20 pica ems in width. This wil Icome as close to the point as estimating an uncertain thing is possible, and will give satisfactory results. Furthermore, if you should in some way be the loser of a pound in one hundred, you can safely add a like amount as clear profit because of the labor and time saved. RULES GOVERNING SALE OF MACHINE COMPOSITION THE following rules governing the production and sale of machine composition, have been adopted by the Chicago Machine Composition Club, and are enforced in all offices belonging to this club : The minimum line measure is 20 ems of the type set. Copy intended for the machine should be legible and edited. Copy furnished in books, written on botft sides of the paper, or in any form which prevents it being readily handled, or poorly prepared copy, is objectionable matter. Type larger than 11-point will be charged as 10-point and charged at 10-point price. Counted lines to run around cuts, initial letters, etc., will be charged at double price and measured the full width of the job. Matter set over 30 ems wnll be charged price and one-half ; if lines contain small caps, italics or black face, double price. A minimum charge of 50 cents for each alteration will be made where no change of machine is required. Where change of machine or type is required, charge will be made on time basis. An extra charge on time basis will be made for assembling on galleys, two or more faces of type, heads, etc. All jobs of less than 5000 ems to be charged on the basis of hand composition. Matter containing a large proportion of figures or other technical matter will be considered as objectionable matter and charged on basis of time work. All matter which requires lines to be centered, price and one-half ; where centered over 30 ems, time work. Lines with small caps, bold face or italics shall be charged two lines for one ; 50 ems extra will be charged for each character inserted by hand. Captions over tabular matter to be set on time work only. Captions under cuts charged as double price. Jobs running in all italics or all black face will be charged at price and one- half ; where both are used in the same job, the charge will be on time basis. Matter running line for line is objectionable matter. Leader work is price and one-half ; with two justifications, double price. An extra charge will be made for Cheltenham and other "skinny" type. All metal must be paid for or returned within 30 days or a rental charge of Yz cent per pound per month will be charged. Minimum charge, $1.00. 12 REFERENCE TABLES Showing the Correct Number of Ems in the Galley or Type Page NUMBER OF EMS IN 22-INCH ( 1 32 PICA EMS) GALLEY Width of Galley in Pica Ems 5-pt. 5y2-pt. 6-pt. 7-pt. 8-pt. lO-pt. ii-pt. 12-pt. 10 7604 6283 5280 3880 2970 1901 1570 1320 10 *.. 7604 6283 5280 4520 3960 3168 11 8364 6911 5708 4268 3267 2091 1727 1452 11 *.. 8364 6911 5708 4520 3960 3168 12 9124 7539 6336 4656 3564 2281 1884 1584 12 *.. 9124 7539 6336 4656 3960 3168 12>^. .. 9504 7853 6600 4850 3712 2376 1963 1650 121^*.. 9504 7853 6600 4850 3960 3168 13 .. 9884 8167 6864 5044 3860 2471 2041 1716 13 *.. 9884 8167 6864 5044 3960 3168 uy2 .. 10264 8482 7128 5238 4008 2566 2120 1782 13/2*- 10264 8482 7128 5238 4008 3168 14 .. 10644 8796 7392 5432 4158 2661 2198 1848 14 *.. 10644 8796 7392 5432 4158 3168 uy2 ... 11024 9110 7656 5626 4304 2756 2277 1914 14>4*... 11024 9110 7656 5626 4304 3168 15 ... 11404 9424 7920 5820 4452 2851 2355 1980 15 *.., 11404 9424 7920 5820 4452 3168 15>^ ... 11784 9738 8184 6014 4600 2946 2434 2046 15><*... 11784 9738 8184 6014 4600 3168 16 ... 12164 10052 8448 6208 4748 3041 2512 2112 16 *... 12164 10052 8448 6208 4748 3168 165^ ... 12544 10367 8712 6402 4896 3136 2591 2178 i6y2*... 12544 10367 8712 6402 4896 3168 17 ... 12924 10681 8976 6596 5044 3231 2669 2244 17/ ... 13304 10995 9240 6790 5192 3326 2748 2310 18 ... 13684 11309 9504 6984 5346 3421 2826 2376 18/ ... 14064 11624 9768 7178 5488 3516 2905 2442 19 ... 14444 11938 10032 7372 5636 3611 2983 2508 19/ -. 14824 12252 10296 7566 5784 3706 3063 2574 20 ... 15208 12566 10560 7760 5940 3802 3142 2640 20/ ... 15588 12880 10824 7954 6090 3897 3221 2706 21 ... 15968 13194 11088 8148 6140 3992 3299 2772 21/ ... 16348 13508 11352 8342 6290 4087 3378 2838 22 ... 16728 13822 11616 8537 6440 4183 3456 2904 22/ ... 17108 14137 11880 8731 6590 4277 3535 2970 23 ... 17488 14451 12144 8926 6739 4371 3613 3036 •See R; ules Governing Sale of Mach ine Composi\ Hon. 13 HOW TO FIGURE TYPE COMPOSITION BY KNOWN FACTORS NUMBER OF EMS IN 22-INCH (132 PICA EMS) GALLEY Width of Galley in Pica Ems 5-pt. 5^^-pt. C-pt. 7-pt. 8-pt. lO-pt. ii-pt. 12-pt. 2zy2 ... 17868 14765 12408 9120 6888 4467 3691 3102 24 ... 18248 15079 12672 9314 7128 4562 3770 3168 24K' ... 18628 15392 12936 9508 7277 4657 3848 3234 25 ... 19008 15706 13200 9702 7426 4752 3927 3300 25>4 ... 19388 16020 13464 9896 7575 4847 4005 3366 26 ... 19768 16334 13728 10090 7722 4942 4084 3432 26/, ... 20148 16648 13992 10284 7871 5037 4162 3498 27 ... 20528 16963 14256 10478 8020 5132 4241 3564 27/. ... 20908 \7ZI7 14520 10671 8168 5227 4319 3630 28 ... 21288 17591 14984 10866 8316 5322 4398 3696 28/2 - 21668 17905 15048 11060 8465 5417 4476 3762 29 ... 22048 18219 15312 11254 8615 5512 4555 3828 29>^ ... 22428 18543 15576 11448 8763 5607 4633 3894 30 ... 22808 18849 15840 11642 8910 5702 4712 3960 NUMBER OF EMS IN TYPE PAGE Size Type Page in Pica Ems 5-pt. 5>^-pt. 6-pt. r-pt. 8-pt. lO-pt. ii-pt. 12-pt. 10x14 806 666 560 10x14* 806 666 560 11x16 1014 838 704 11x16* 1014 838 704 11x17 1077 890 748 11x17* 1077 890 748 11x18 1140 940 792 11x18* 1140 940 792 12x17 1176 971 816 12x17* 1176 971 816 12x18 1244 1028 864 12x18* 1244 1028 864 12x19 1313 1085 912 12x19* 1313 1085 912 12x20 1382 1142 960 12x20* 1382 1142 960 13x18 1348 1112 936 13x18* 1348 1112 936 •See Rules Governing Sale of Machine Composition. 14 412 315 202 167 140 480 420 336 517 396 253 209 176 548 480 384 550 421 269 222 187 580 510 408 583 446 285 235 198 620 540 432 600 459 294 243 204 600 510 408 635 486 311 257 216 635 540 432 670 513 328 271 228 670 570 456 706 540 345 285 240 706 600 480 688 527 337 278 234 688 540 432 HOW TO FIGURE TYPE COMPOSITION BY KNOWN FACTORS NUMBER OF EMS IN TYPE PAGE Size Type Page in Pica Ems 5-pt. 5i,^-pt. 6-pt. 7-pt. 8-pt. 10-pt. 11-pt. 12-pt. 13x19 1423 1172 ■ 13x19* 1423 1172 13x20 1498 1238 1040 13x20* 1498 1238 1040 13x21 1572 1299 1092 13x21* 1572 1299 1092 13x22 1647 1361 1144 13x22* 1647 1361 1144 13x26 1947 1607 1352 13x26* 1947 1607 1352 13x27 2022 1668 1404 13x27* 2022 1668 1404 13x28 2097 1733 1456 13x28* 2097 1733 1456 14x20 1613 1333 1120 14x20* 1613 1333 1120 14x21 1693 1400 1176 14x21* 1693 1400 1176 14x22 1773 1468 1232 14x22* 1773 1468 1232 14x28 2258 1866 1568 14x28* 2258 1866 1568 14x29 2338 1934 1624 14x29* 2338 1934 1624 14x30 2419 1999 1680 14x30* 2419 1999 1680 15x21 1815 1500 1260 15x21* 1815 1500 1260 15x22 1901 1572 1320 15x22* 1901 1572 1320 15x23 1988 1643 1380 15x23* 1988 1643 1380 15x24 2074 1714 1440 15x24* 2074 1714 1440 15x30 2592 2142 1800 15x30* 2592 2142 1800 15x31 2678 2213 1860 15x31* 2678 2213 1860 *See Rules Governing Sale of Machine Composition. 15 726 556 356 294 247 726 570 456 764 585 375 309 260 764 600 480 802 614 394 324 273 802 630 504 840 643 412 340 286 840 660 528 993 761 486 402 338 993 780 624 1331 790 505 418 351 1031 810 648 1070 819 524 433 364 1070 840 672 823 630 403 333 280 823 630 480 864 662 423 350 294 864 662 504 905 693 443 367 308 905 693 528 1152 882 564 467 392 1152 882 672 1193 913 585 483 406 1193 913 796 1235 945 605 500 420 1235 945 720 926 709 454 375 315 926 709 504 970 741 475 393 330 970 741 528 1014 775 497 411 345 1014 775 552 1058 809 518 429 360 1058 809 576 1323 1013 648 536 450 1323 1013 720 1367 1046 670 554 465 1367 1046 744 HOW TO FIGURE TYPE COMPOSITION BY KNOWN FACTORS NUMBER OF EMS IN TYPE PAGE Size Type Page in Pica Ems 5-pt. Si^-pt. 6-pt. 7-pt. S-pt. 10-pt. 11-pt. 12-pt. 15x32 2765 2285 1920 15x32* 2765 2285 1920 16x 5 462 361 320 16x 5* 462 361 320 16x 6 553 457 384 16x 6* 553 457 384 16x 7 645 533 448 16x 7* 645 533 448 16x 8 7Z7 609 512 16x 8* 7Z7 609 512 16x 9 830 685 576 16x 9* 830 685 576 16x10 922 762 640 16x10* 922 762 640 16x11 1015 838 704 16x11* 1015 838 704 16x12 1107 914 768 16x12* 1107 914 768 16x13 1199 990 832 16x13* 1199 990 832 16x14 1291 1066 896 16x14* 1291 1066 896 16x15 1384 1143 960 16x15* 1384 1143 960 16x16 1476 1219 1024 16x16* 1476 1219 1024 16x17 1568 1295 1088 16x17* 1568 1295 1088 16x18 1660 1371 1152 16x18* 1660 1371 1152 16x19 1752 1448 1216 16x19* 1752 1448 1216 16x20 1843 1523 1280 16x20* 1843 1523 1280 16x21 1935 1599 1344 16x21* 1935 1599 1344 16x22 2028 1676 1408 16x22* 2028 1676 1408 16x23 2120 1753 1472 *See Rules Governing Sale of Machine Composition. 16 1411 1080 691 572 480 1411 1080 768 235 180 115 95 80 235 180 120 282 216 138 114 96 282 216 144 329 252 161 133 112 329 252 168 376 288 184 152 128 376 288 192 423 324 407 171 144 423 324 216 470 360 230 190 160 470 360 240 517 396 253 209 176 517 396 264 564 432 276 228 192 564 432 288 611 468 299 247 208 611 468 312 658 504 323 266 224 658 504 336 705 540 346 286 240 705 540 360 752 576 369 305 256 752 576 384 800 612 392 324 272 800 612 408 847 648 415 343 288 847 648 432 894 684 437 362 304 894 684 456 941 720 461 381 320 941 720 480 988 756 484 400 336 988 756 504 1035 792 507 419 352 1035 792 528 1082 828 530 438 368 HOW TO FIGURE TYPE COMPOSITION BY KNOWN FACTORS NUMBER OF EMS IN TYPE PAGE Size Type Page in Pica Ems 5-pt. 5'/S-pt. 6-pt. 7-pt. 8-pt. 10-pt. 11-pt. 12-pt. 16x23* 2120 1753 1472 16x24 2212 1828 1536 16x24* 2212 1828 1536 16x25 2304 1904 1600 16x25* 2304 1904 1600 16x26 2397 1980 1664 16x26* 2397 1980 1664 16x27 2489 2059 1728 16x27* 2489 2059 1728 16x28 2582 2132 1792 16x28* 2582 2132 1792 16x29 2673 2209 1856 16x29* 2673 2209 1856 16x30 2765 2285 1920 16x30* 2765 2285 1920 16x31 2857 2361 1984 16x31* 2857 2361 1984 16x32 2949 2437 2048 16x32* 2949 2437 2048 16x33 3041 2513 2112 16x33* 3041 2513 2112 16x34 3133 2589 2176 16x34* 3133 2589 2176 16x35 3226 2666 2240 16x35* 3226 2666 2240 16x36 3318 2742 2304 16x36* 3318 2742 2304 16x37 3410 2818 2368 16x37* 3410 2818 2368 16x38 3502 2894 2432 16x38* 3502 2894 2432 16x39 3594 2970 2496 16x39* 3594 2970 2496 16x40 3686 3046 2560 16x40* 3686 3046 2560 17x 5 490 405 340 17x 6 586 486 408 17x 7 684 566 476 17x 8 782 647 544 *See Rules Governing Sale of Machine Composition. 17 1082 828 552 1129 864 553 457 384 1129 864 576 1176 900 576 476 400 1176 900 600 1223 936 599 495 416 1223 936 624 1270 972 622 514 432 1270 972 648 1317 1008 645 533 448 1317 1008 672 1364 1044 668 552 464 1364 1044 696 1411 1080 691 571 480 1411 1080 720 1458 1116 714 590 496 1458 1116 744 1505 1152 737 609 512 1505 1152 768 1552 1188 760 628 528 1552 1188 792 1599 1224 783 647 544 1599 1224 816 1646 1260 806 666 560 1646 1260 840 1693 1296 829 685 576 1693 1296 864 1740 1332 852 704 592 1740 1332 888 1788 1368 876 723 608 1788 1368 912 1835 1404 899 742 624 1835 1404 936 1882 1440 922 762 640 1882 1440 960 250 191 122 101 85 300 230 146 122 102 350 268 171 142 119 400 306 195 162 136 HOW TO FIGURE TYPE COMPOSITION BY KNOWN FACTORS NUMBER OF EMS IN TYPE PAGE Size Type Page in Pica Ems 5-pt. 5/.-pt. 6-pt. 7-pt. 8-pt. lO-pt. ii-pt. 12-pt. 17x 9 . 880 728 612 450 344 220 182 153 17x10 . 979 809 680 500 383 244 202 170 17x11 . 1077 890 748 550 421 269 224 187 17x12 . 1175 971 816 600 459 293 242 204 17x13 . 1273 1052 884 650 497 318 263 221 17x14 . 1371 1133 952 700 536 342 283 238 17x15 . 1469 1214 1020 750 574 367 303 255 17x16 . 1567 1295 1088 800 612 391 323 272 17x17 . 1665 1376 1156 850 650 416 343 289 17x18 . 1763 1457 1224 900 689 440 364 306 17x19 . 1861 1537 1292 950 727 465 384 323 17x20 . 1968 1618 1360 1000 765 489 404 340 17x21 . 2056 1699 1428 1050 803 514 424 357 17x22 . 2154 1780 1496 1100 842 539 444 374 17x23 . 2252 1861 1564 1150 880 564 464 391 17x24 , 2350 1942 1632 1200 918 588 485 408 17x25 2448 2023 1700 1250 956 613 505 425 17x26 2546 2104 1768 1300 995 637 525 442 17x27 , 2644 2185 1836 1350 1033 662 545 459 17x28 , 2742 2266 1904 1400 1071 686 566 476 17x30 2938 2428 2040 1499 1148 7?>2, 606 510 17x31 3036 2509 2108 1549 1186 759 626 527 17x32 3134 2590 2176 1599 1224 784 647 544 17x33 3231 2670 2244 1649 1262 808 668 561 17x34 3329 2751 2312 1699 1301 832 688 578 17x35 3427 2832 2380 1749 1339 857 708 595 17x36 , 3525 2913 2448 1799 1377 881 728 612 17x37 3623 2994 2516 1849 1415 906 749 629 17x38 3721 3075 2584 1899 1454 930 769 646 17x39 3819 3156 2652 1949 1492 955 789 663 17x40 3917 3237 2720 1999 1530 979 809 680 18x 5 518 428 360 265 203 130 107 90 18x 6 622 514 432 317 243 156 128 108 18x 7 726 600 504 370 284 182 150 126 18x 8 830 685 576 423 324 207 171 144 18x 9 933 771 648 476 365 233 193 162 18x10 1037 857 720 529 405 259 214 180 18x11 1141 943 792 581 446 285 236 198 18x12 1245 1028 864 636 486 311 257 216 18x13 1348 1114 936 689 527 337 279 234 18 HOW TO FIGURE TYPE COMPOSITION BY KNOWN FACTORS NUMBER OF EMS IN TYPE PAGE Size Type Page in Pica Ems 5-pt. 5;/^-pt. 6-pt. 7-pt. 8-pt. 10-pt. 11-pt. 12-pt. 18x14 .... 1452 1200 1008 742 567 363 300 252 18x15 ... 1556 1285 1080 794 608 389 321 270 18x16 .... 1659 1371 1152 847 648 414 342 288 18x17 .... 1763 1457 1224 900 689 440 364 306 18x18 .... 1867 1542 1296 953 729 467 385 324 18x19 .... 1970 1628 1368 1006 770 492 407 342 18x20 .... 2074 1714 1440 1058 810 518 428 360 18x21 .... 2178 1799 1512 1112 851 544 450 378 18.x22 .... .... 2282 1885 1584 1165 891 570 471 396 18x23 .... .... 2385 1971 1656 1217 932 596 493 414 18x24 .... .... 2489 2057 1728 1270 972 622 514 432 18x25 .... .... 2593 2142 1800 1323 1013 648 636 450 18x26 .... .... 2697 2228 1872 1376 1053 674 557 468 18x27 .... .... 2800 2314 1944 1429 1094 700 579 486 18x28 .... .... 2904 2400 2016 1482 1134 726 600 504 18x29 .... .... 3007 2486 2088 1534 1175 752 622 522 18x30 .... .... 3110 2571 2160 1587 1215 778 643 540 18x31 .... .... 3214 2657 2232 1640 1256 804 665 558 18x32 .... .... 3318 2743 2304 1693 1296 829 686 576 18x33 .... .... 3421 2829 2376 1745 1337 855 708 594 18x34 .... .... 3525 2913 2448 1798 1377 881 729 612 18x35 .... .... 3629 2999 2520 1852 1418 907 750 630 18x36 .... .... 3732 3084 2592 1905 1458 933 771 648 18x37 .... .... 3836 3170 2664 1958 1499 959 793 666 18x38 .... .... 3940 3256 2736 2011 1539 985 814 684 18x39 .... .... 4044 3342 2808 2064 1580 1011 835 702 18x40 .... .... 4147 3427 2880 2117 1620 1037 857 720 19x 5 .... 547 452 380 280 214 137 113 95 19x 6 .... 656 543 456 335 256 164 136 114 19x 7 .... 766 634 532 391 299 191 158 133 19x 8 .... 875 724 608 447 342 219 181 152 19x 9 .... 985 814 684 503 385 246 203 171 19x10 .... 1094 904 760 559 428 274 226 190 19x11 .... 1204 995 836 614 470 301 249 209 19x12 ... 1313 1085 912 670 513 328 271 228 19x13 .... 1423 1176 988 726 556 355 294 247 19x14 ... 1532 1266 1064 782 599 383 317 266 19x15 .... 1642 1357 1140 838 641 410 339 285 19x16 .... 1751 1447 1216 894 684 437 362 304 19x17 .... 1861 1538 1292 950 727 464 384 323 19 HOW TO FIGURE TYPE COMPOSITION BY KNOWN FACTORS NUMBER OF EMS IN TYPE PAGE Size Type Page in Pica Ems 5-pt. 5yi-pt. 6-pt. 7-pt. 8-pt. lO-jit. n-pt. 12-pt. 19x18 .... .... 1970 1628 1368 1006 770 492 407 342 19x19 .... .... 2080 1719 1444 1062 813 519 430 361 19x20 .... .... 2189 1809 1520 1118 855 547 452 380 19x21 .... .... 2298 1900 1596 1173 898 574 475 399 19x22 .... .... 2408 1990 1672 1229 941 601 497 418 19x23 .... .... 2517 2081 1748 1286 984 629 520 437 19x24 .... .... 2627 2171 1824 1342 1027 657 543 456 19x25 .... .... 2736 2261 1900 1397 1069 684 565 475 19x26 .... .... 2845 2352 1976 1453 1112 711 588 494 19x27 .... .... 2955 2443 2052 1509 1154 738 610 513 19x28 .... .... 3064 2533 2128 1564 1197 765 633 532 19x29 .... .... 3174 2624 2204 1620 1240 793 656 551 19x30 .... .... 3283 2713 2280 1676 1283 821 878 570 19x31 .... .... 3393 2804 2356 1732 1325 848 701 589 19x32 .... .... 3502 2895 2432 1788 1368 876 724 608 19x33 .... .... 3612 2985 2508 1843 1411 903 746 627 19x34 .... .... 3721 3076 2584 1899 1454 930 769 646 19x35 .... .... 3830 3165 2660 1955 1496 958 791 665 19x36 .... .... 3940 3256 2736 2011 1539 985 814 684 19x37 .... .... 4049 3346 2812 2067 1582 1012 837 703 19x38 .... .... 4159 3437 2888 2123 1625 1040 859 722 20x 5 .... .... 576 476 400 294 225 144 119 100 20x 6 .... .... 691 571 480 353 270 173 143 120 20x 7 .... .... 806 666 560 412 315 202 167 140 20x 8 .... .... 921 761 640 471 360 231 191 160 20x 9 .... .... 1036 857 720 530 405 260 215 180 20x10 .... .... 1152 952 800 588 450 288 238 200 20x11 .... .... 1267 1047 880 647 495 317 262 220 20x12 .... .... 1382 1142 960 706 540 346 286 240 20x13 .... .... 1497 1237 1040 765 585 375 310 260 20x14 .... .... 1612 1332 1120 824 630 404 333 280 20x15 .... .... 1728 1428 1200 882 675 432 357 300 20x16 .... .... 1843 1523 1280 941 720 461 381 320 20x17 .... .... 1958 1618 1360 1000 765 490 405 340 20x18 .... .... 2073 1713 1440 1059 810 519 429 360 20x19 .... .... 2188 1808 1520 1118 855 548 453 380 20x20 .... .... 2304 1904 1600 1176 900 576 476 400 20x21 .... .... 2419 1999 1680 1235 945 605 500 420 20x22 .... .... 2534 2094 1760 1294 990 634 524 440 20x23 .... .... 2649 2189 1840 1353 1035 663 548 460 20 HOW TO FIGURE TYPE COMPOSITION BY KNOWN FACTORS NUMBER OF EMS IN TYPE PAGE Size Type Page in Pica Ems 5-pt. 5i/>-pt. 6-pt. 7-pt. 8-pt. 10-pt. 11-pt. 12-pt. 20x24 2764 20x25 2880 20x26 2995 20x27 3110 20x28 3225 20x29 3340 20x30 3456 20x31 3571 20x32 3686 20x33 3801 20x34 3916 20x35 4032 20x36 4147 20x37 4262 20x38 4378 20x39 4493 20x40 4608 21x 5 604 21x 6 725 21x 7 846 21x 8 967 21x 9 1088 21x10 1209 21x11 1330 21x12 1451 21x13 1572 21x14 1693 21x15 1814 21x16 1935 21x17 2056 21x18 2177 21x19 2298 21x20 2418 21x21 2539 21x22 2660 21x23 2781 21x24 2902 21x25 3023 21x26 3144 21x27 3265 21 2284 1920 1412 1080 692 572 480 2380 2000 1470 1125 720 595 500 2475 2080 1529 1170 750 619 520 2570 2160 1587 1215 778 643 540 2665 2240 1646 1260 807 667 560 2760 2320 1705 1305 836 691 580 2856 2400 1764 1350 864 714 600 2951 2480 1822 1395 893 738 620 3046 2560 1881 1440 922 762 640 3141 2640 1940 1485 950 785 660 3236 2720 2019 1530 979 809 680 3332 2800 2058 1575 1008 833 700 3427 2880 2117 1620 1037 857 720 3522 2960 2176 1665 1066 881 740 3618 3040 2234 1710 1094 904 760 3713 3120 2293 1755 1123 928 780 3808 3200 2352 1800 1152 952 800 500 420 309 236 151 125 105 600 504 371 283 181 150 126 700 588 433 330 210 175 147 800 672 495 Z77 240 200 168 900 756 556 425 271 225 189 1000 840 617 473 302 250 210 1100 924 679 520 332 275 231 1199 1008 741 567 362 300 252 1299 1092 803 614 393 325 273 1399 1176 864 662 423 350 294 1499 1260 926 709 453 375 315 1599 1344 988 756 484 400 336 1699 1428 1050 803 514 425 357 1799 1512 nil 851 544 450 378 1899 1596 1173 898 575 475 399 1999 1680 1234 945 605 500 420 2099 1764 1296 992 635 525 441 2199 1848 1358 1040 665 550 462 2299 1932 1420 1087 696 'T^l'^ 483 2399 2016 1481 1134 726 600 504 2499 2100 1543 1181 756 625 525 2599 2184 1605 1229 786 650 546 2699 2268 1667 1276 817 675 567 HOW TO FIGURE TYPE COMPOSITION BY KNOWN FACTORS NUMBER OF EMS IN TYPE PAGE Size Type Pagi c in Pica Ems 5-pt. 5/2-pt. 6-pt. 7-pt. 8-pt. 10-pt. 11-pt. 12-pt. 21x28 .. 3386 2799 2352 1728 1323 847 700 588 21x29 .. 3507 2899 2436 1790 1370 877 725 609 21x30 .. 3628 2999 2520 1851 1418 907 750 630 21x31 .. 3749 3099 2604 1913 1465 937 775 651 21x32 .. 3871 3199 2688 1975 1512 968 800 672 21x33 .. 3992 3299 2772 2037 1559 998 825 693 21x34 .. 4113 3399 2856 2098 1607 1028 850 714 21x35 . 4234 3499 2940 2160 1654 1059 875 735 21x36 . 4355 3599 3024 2222 1701 1089 900 756 21x37 ...... . 4476 3699 3108 2284 1749 1119 925 717 21x38 . 4595 3799 3192 2346 1796 1149 950 798 21x39 . 4716 3899 3276 2408 1843 1179 975 819 21x40 . 4837 3998 3360 2470 1890 1210 1000 840 21x41 . 4958 4098 3444 2531 1937 1240 1025 861 21x42 . 5079 4198 3528 2593 1985 1270 1050 882 21x43 . 5200 4298 3612 2655 2032 1300 1075 903 22x 5 . 634 524 440 323 248 158 131 110 22x 6 . 761 629 528 388 298 190 157 132 22x 7 _. . 888 734 616 453 347 222 183 154 22x 8 . 1015 838 704 517 397 254 209 176 22x 9 . 1141 943 792 582 446 285 235 198 22x10 . 1267 1047 880 647 495 317 262 220 22x11 . 1394 1152 968 711 545 349 288 242 22x12 1521 1257 1056 776 594 381 314 264 22x13 , 1648 1361 1144 841 644 412 340 286 22x14 1774 1466 1232 906 693 444 366 308 22x15 1901 1571 1310 970 743 476 392 330 22x16 2028 1676 1408 1035 792 507 418 352 22x17 2155 1780 1596 1100 842 539 445 374 22x18 2281 1885 1584 1164 891 571 471 396 22x19 2408 1990 1672 1229 941 602 497 418 22x20 2534 2094 1760 1294 990 534 524 440 22x21 2661 2199 1848 1358 1040 666 550 462 22x22 2788 2304 1936 1423 1089 697 576 484 22x23 2915 2409 2024 1488 1139 729 602 506 22x24 3041 2513 2112 1552 1188 761 628 528 22x25 3168 2618 2200 1617 1238 792 654 550 22x26 3259 2723 2288 1681 1287 824 681 572 22x27 3422 2827 2376 1746 1337 856 707 594 22x28 3549 2932 2464 1811 1386 887 733 616 90 HOW TO FIGURE TYPE COMPOSITION BY KNOWN- FACTORS NUMBER OF EMS IN TYPE PAGE Size Type Page in Pica Ems 5-pt. 5K'-pt. 6-pt. 7-pt. 8-pt. 10-pt. 11-pt. 12-pt. 22x29 3676 22x30 3802 22x31 3929 22x32 4056 22x33 4182 22x34 4309 22x35 4436 22x36 4563 22x37 4687 22x38 4814 22x39 4942 22x40 5069 22x41 5196 22x42 5322 22x43 5449 22x44 5556 23x 5 662 23x 6 795 23x 7 927 23x 8 1060 23x 9 1192 23x10 1325 23x11 1458 23x12 1590 23x13 1723 23x14 1855 23x15 1987 23x16 2120 23x17 2252 23x18 2385 23x19 2517 23x20 2650 23x21 2782 23x22 2915 23x23 3047 23x24 3180 23x25 3312 23x26 3445 23x27 3577 23x28 3710 23 3037 2552 1876 1436 919 759 638 3142 2640 1940 1485 950 785 660 3246 2728 2005 1535 982 812 682 3351 2816 2070 1584 1014 838 704 3456 2904 2134 1634 1045 864 726 3560 2992 2199 1683 1077 890 748 3665 3080 2264 1733 1109 916 770 3770 3168 2328 1782 1140 942 792 3875 3256 2393 1832 1172 968 814 3979 3344 2458 1882 1204 994 836 4084 3432 2522 1931 1235 1021 858 4189 3520 2687 1980 1267 1047 880 4294 3608 2752 2030 1298 1073 902 4398 3696 2817 2079 1330 1100 924 4503 3764 2881 2129 1362 1128 946 4608 3852 2946 2178 1394 1152 968 547 460 338 259 166 137 115 657 552 406 311 199 164 138 766 644 474 362 232 191 161 876 736 541 414 265 218 184 985 828 609 466 298 247 207 1095 920 676 518 331 274 230 1204 1012 744 569 364 301 253 1314 1104 812 621 397 328 276 1423 1196 878 673 431 356 299 1533 1288 946 725 464 383 322 1642 1380 1014 776 497 411 345 1752 1472 1082 828 530 438 368 1861 1564 1150 880 563 466 391 1971 1656 1217 932 596 493 414 2080 1748 1285 983 629 520 437 2190 1840 1352 1035 662 547 460 2299 1932 1420 1087 696 575 483 2409 2024 1488 1139 729 602 506 2518 2116 1555 1190 762 630 529 2628 2208 1623 1242 795 657 552 2737 2300 1691 1294 828 684 575 2847 2392 1758 1346 861 712 598 2956 2484 1826 1397 894 739 621 3066 2576 1893 1449 927 766 644 HOW TO FIGURE TYPE COMPOSITION BY KNOWN' FACTORS NUMBER OF EMS IN TYPE PAGE Size Type Page in Pica Ems 5-pt. 5^-pt. 6-pt. 7-pt. 8-pt. lO-pt. ii-pt. 12-pt. 23x29 . 3842 3175 2668 1961 1501 960 794 667 23x30 . 3974 3284 2760 2029 1553 994 821 690 23x31 . 4107 3394 2852 2096 1605 1027 848 713 23x32 . 4239 3503 2944 2164 1657 1060 876 736 23x33 . 4372 3613 3036 2231 1708 1093 903 759 23x34 . 4504 3722 3128 2299 1760 1126 931 782 23x35 . 4637 3832 3220 2367 1811 1159 958 805 23x36 . 4769 3941 : 3312 2434 1863 1192 985 828 23x37 . 4902 4051 3404 2502 1915 1225 1013 851 23x38 . 5034 4160 3496 2570 1967 1258 1040 874 23x39 . 5176 4270 3588 2637 2018 1292 1067 897 23x40 . 5299 4379 3680 2705 2070 1325 1095 920 23x41 . 5432 4489 3772 2772 2122 1358 1122 943 23x42 . 5564 4598 3864 2840 2174 1391 1150 966 23x43 . 5697 4708 3956 2907 2225 1424 1177 989 23x44 . 5829 4817 4048 2975 2277 1457 1204 1012 23x45 . 5962 4926 4140 3043 2329 1491 1232 1035 24x 5 , . 691 571 480 353 270 173 143 120 24x 6 . 829 685 576 423 324 208 171 144 24x 7 . 968 800 672 494 378 242 200 168 24x 8 . 1106 914 768 564 432 277 229 192 24x 9 . 1244 1028 864 635 486 311 257 216 24x10 . 1382 1142 960 706 540 346 286 240 24x11 . 1520 1275 1056 776 594 381 314 264 24x12 . 1659 1371 1152 847 648 415 343 288 24x13 . 1797 1485 1248 917 702 450 371 312 24x14 . 1935 1599 1344 988 756 484 400 336 24x15 . 2074 1714 1440 1058 810 519 428 360 24x16 . 2212 1828 1536 1129 864 553 457 384 24x17 . 2350 1942 1632 1200 918 588 486 408 24x18 . 2488 2056 1728 1270 972 622 514 432 24x19 . 2627 2171 1824 1341 1026 657 543 456 24x20 . 2765 2285 1920 1411 1080 691 571 480 24x21 . 2902 2399 2016 1482 1134 726 600 504 24x22 . 3041 2513 2112 1552 1188 760 628 528 24x23 . 3179 2627 2208 1623 1242 795 657 552 24x24 . 3318 2742 2304 1693 1296 829 685 576 24x25 . 3456 2856 2400 1764 1350 864 714 600 24x26 .. 3593 2970 2496 1835 1404 898 743 624 24x27 .. 3732 3085 2592 1905 1458 933 771 648 24 HOW TO FIGURE TYPE COMPOSITION BY KNOWN FACTORS NUMBER OF EMS IN TYPE PAGE Size Type Page in Pica Ems 5-pt. y'/2-pt. 6-pt. r-pt. S-pt. lO-pt. 11-pt. 12-pt. 24x28 3871 24x29 4009 24x30 4147 24x31 4285 24x32 4424 24x33 4562 24x34 4700 24x35 4838 24x36 4977 24x37 5115 24x38 5253 24x39 5391 24x40 5530 24x41 5668 24x42 5806 24x43 5944 24x44 6083 24x45 6221 24x46 6359 24x47 6497 24x48 6636 25x 5 720 25x 6 864 25x 7 1008 25x 8 1152 25x 9 1296 25x10 1440 25x1.1 1584 25x12 1728 25x13 1872 25x14 2016 25x15 2160 25x16 2304 25x17 2448 25x18 2592 25x19 2736 25x20 2880 25x21 3024 25x22 3168 25x23 3312 3199 2688 1976 1512 967 800 672 3313 2784 2046 1566 1002 828 696 3427 2880 2117 1620 1037 857 720 3541 2976 2187 1674 1071 885 744 3656 3072 2258 1728 1106 915 768 3770 3168 2328 1782 1140 943 792 3884 3264 2399 1836 1175 972 816 3998 3360 2469 1890 1209 1000 840 4113 3456 2540 1944 1244 1028 864 4227 3552 2610 1998 1278 1057 888 4341 3648 2681 2052 1313 1085 912 4456 3744 2751 2106 1347 1114 936 4570 3840 2822 2160 1382 1142 960 4684 3936 2893 2214 1416 1171 984 4798 4032 2964 2268 1451 1200 1008 4912 4128 3034 2322 1485 1228 1032 5027 4224 3105 2376 1521 1257 1056 5141 4320 3175 2430 1555 1285 1080 5255 4416 3246 2484 1590 1314 1104 5369 4512 3316 2538 1624 1342 1128 5484 4608 3387 2592 1659 1371 1152 595 500 368 281 180 149 125 714 600 441 338 216 179 150 833 700 515 394 252 208 175 952 800 588 450 288 238 200 1071 900 662 506 324 268 225 1190 1000 735 563 360 298 250 1309 1100 809 619 396 328 275 1428 1200 882 675 432 357 300 1547 1300 956 731 468 387 325 1666 1400 1029 788 504 417 350 1785 1500 1103 844 540 447 375 1904 1600 1176 900 576 476 400 2023 1700 1250 956 612 506 425 2142 1800 1323 1013 648 536 450 2261 1900 1397 1069 684 565 475 2380 2000 1470 1125 720 595 500 2499 2100 1544 1181 756 625 525 2618 2200 1617 1238 792 654 550 2737 2300 1691 1294 828 684 575 25 HOW TO FIGURE TYPE COMPOSITION BY KNOWN FACTORS NUMBER OF EMS IN TYPE PAGE Size Type Page in Pica Ems 5-pt. 5^-pt. G-pt. 7-pt. 8-pt. 10-pt. 11-pt. 12-pt. 25x24 3456 25x25 3600 25x26 3744 25x27 3888 25x28 4032 25x29 4176 25x30 4320 25x40 5760 25x41 5904 25x42 6048 25x43 6192 25x44 6336 25x45 6480 25x46 6624 25x47 6768 25x48 6912 25x49 7056 25x50 7200 26x 5 749 26x 6 899 26x 7 1048 26x 8 1198 26x 9 1348 26x10 1498 26x20 2995 26x30 4493 26x40 5990 26x41 6140 26x42 6290 26x43 6440 26x44 6590 26x45 6740 26x46 6889 26x47 7039 26x48 7189 26x49 7339 26x50 7488 27x 5 778 27x 6 933 26 2856 2400 1764 1350 864 714 600 2975 2500 1838 1406 900 744 625 3094 2600 1911 1463 936 774 650 3213 2700 1985 1519 972 803 675 3332 2800 2058 1575 1008 833 700 3451 2900 2132 1631 1044 863 725 3570 3000 2205 1688 1080 893 750 4760 4000 2940 2250 1440 1190 1000 4879 4100 3014 2306 1476 1220 1025 4998 4200 3087 2363 1512 1250 1050 5117 4300 3161 2419 1548 1279 1075 5236 4400 3234 2475 1584 1309 1100 5355 4500 3308 2531 1620 1339 1125 5474 4600 3381 2588 1656 1369 1150 5593 4700 3455 2644 1692 1398 1175 5712 4800 3528 2700 1728 1428 1200 5831 4900 3602 2756 1764 1458 1225 5950 5000 3675 2813 1800 1488 1250 619 520 382 292 187 155 130 743 624 459 351 225 186 156 866 728 535 410 262 217 182 990 832 612 468 300 248 208 1114 936 688 527 2Z7 278 234 1238 1040 764 585 374 309 260 2475 2080 1529 1170 749 619 520 3713 3120 2293 1755 1123 928 780 4950 4160 3058 2340 1498 1238 1040 5074 4264 3134 2399 1535 1269 1066 5198 4368 3210 2457 1572 1299 1092 5322 4472 3287 2516 1610 1330 1118 5445 4576 3363 2574 1647 1361 1144 5569 4680 3440 2633 1685 1392 1170 5693 4784 3516 2691 1722 1423 1196 5817 4888 3592 2750 1760 1454 1222 5941 4992 3669 2808 1797 1485 1248 6065 5096 3745 2867 1834 1516 1274 6188 5200 3822 2925 1872 1547 1300 643 540 397 304 194 161 135 771 648 476 365 233 193 162 HOW TO FIGURE TYPE COMPOSITION BY KNOWN FACTORS NUMBER OF EMS IN TYPE PAGE - Size Type Page in Pica Ems 5-pt. 5;^-pt. G-pt. 7-pt. 8-pt. lO-pt. n-pt. 12-pt. 27x 7 . 1089 900 756 556 425 272 225 189 27x 8 1244 1028 864 635 486 311 257 216 27y^ 9 . 1400 1157 972 714 547 350 289 243 27x10 . 1555 1285 1080 794 608 389 321 270 27x20 . 3110 2570 2160 1588 1215 778 643 540 27x30 . 4666 3856 3240 2381 1823 1166 964 810 27x40 . 6220 5141 4320 3175 2430 1555 1285 1080 27x41 6376 5269 4428 3255 2491 1594 1317 1107 27x42 6532 5398 4536 3340 2552 1633 1349 1134 27x43 , 6687 5526 4644 3413 2612 1672 1383 1161 27x44 . 6843 5655 4752 3493 2673 1711 1414 1188 27x45 . 6998 5783 4860 3572 2734 1750 1446 1215 27x46 . 7154 5912 4968 3651 2795 1788 1478 1224 27x47 . 7309 6041 5076 3731 2855 1827 1510 1269 27x48 . 7465 6169 5184 3810 2916 1866 1542 1296 27x49 . 7621 6298 5292 3889 2977 1905 1574 1323 27x50 , 7776 6426 5400 3969 3038 1944 1607 1350 28x 5 . 806 666 560 412 315 202 167 140 28x 6 . 967 800 672 494 378 242 200 168 28x 7 . 1128 933 784 576 441 282 233 196 28x 8 . 1290 1066 896 659 504 323 267 224 28x 9 . 1552 1200 1008 741 567 363 300 252 28x10 . 1613 1333 1120 823 630 403 333 280 28x20 . 3226 2666 2240 1646 1260 806 666 560 28x30 . 4838 3998 3360 2470 1890 1210 1000 840 28x40 . 6451 5331 4480 3293 2520 1613 1333 1120 28x41 . 6612 5464 4592 3375 2583 1653 1366 1148 28x42 . 6774 5598 4704 3457 2646 1693 1399 1176 28x43 . 6935 5731 4816 3540 2709 1734 1433 1204 28x44 . 7096 5864 4928 3622 2772 1774 1466 1232 28x45 . 7258 5998 5040 3704 2835 1814 1499 1260 28x46 . 7419 6131 5152 3787 2898 1855 1533 1288 28x47 . 7580 6264 5264 3869 2961 1895 1566 1316 28x48 . 7741 6397 5376 3951 3024 1935 1600 1344 28x49 . 7903 6531 5488 4034 3087 1976 1633 1372 28x50 . 8064 6664 5600 4116 3150 2016 1666 1400 29x 5 . 835 690 580 426 326 209 173 145 29x 6 . 1002 828 696 512 392 251 207 174 29x 7 . 1169 966 812 597 457 293 242 203 27 HOW TO FIGURE TYPE COMPOSITION BY KNOWN FACTORS NUMBER OF EMS IN TYPE PAGE Size Type Page in Pica Ems 5-pt. 5/2-pt. C-pt. 7-pt. 8-pt. 10-pt. 11-pt. 12-pt. 29x 8 1336 29x 9 1503 29x10 1670 29x20 3341 29x30 5011 29x40 6682 29x41 6849 29x42 7016 29x43 7183 29x44 7350 29x45 7517 29x46 7684 29x47 7851 29x48 8012 29x49 8185 29x50 8352 30x 5 864 30x 6 1037 30x 7 1210 30x 8 1382 30x 9 1555 30x10 1728 30x20 3456 30x30 5184 30x40 6912 30x46 7949 30x47 8122 30x48 8295 30x49 8468 30x50 8640 30x51 8813 30x52 8986 31x 5 893 31x10 1786 31x45 8035 31x50 8928 31x51 9107 31x52 9285 31x53 9464 31x54 9642 1104 928 682 522 335 276 232 1242 1044 767 587 376 311 261 1380 1160 853 653 418 345 290 2761 2320 1705 1305 835 690 580 4141 3480 2558 1958 1253 1035 870 5522 4640 3410 2610 1670 1380 1160 5660 4756 3496 2675 1712 1415 1189 5798 4872 3581 2741 1754 1449 1218 5936 4988 3666 2806 1796 1484 1247 6074 5104 3751 2871 1837 1518 1276 6212 5220 3837 2936 1879 1553 1305 6350 5336 3922 3001 1921 1587 1334 6488 5452 4007 3067 1963 1622 1363 6626 5568 4092 3132 2004 1656 1392 6764 5684 4178 3197 2046 1691 1421 6902 5800 4263 3263 2088 .1726 1450 714 600 441 338 216 179 150 857 720 529 405 259 214 180 1000 840 617 473 302 250 210 1142 960 706 540 346 286 240 1285 1080 794 608 389 321 270 1428 1200 880 675 432 357 300 2856 2400 1764 1350 864 714 600 4284 3600 2646 2025 1296 1071 900 5712 4800 3528 2700 1728 1428 1200 6569 5520 4057 3105 1987 1642 1380 6712 5640 4145 3173 2030 1678 1410 6855 5760 4233 3240 2073 1713 1440 6998 5880 4321 3308 2116 1749 1470 7140 6000 4410 3375 2160 1785 1500 7283 6120 4498 3443 2203 1821 1530 7426 6240 4586 3510 2246 1856 1560 738 620 456 349 223 184 155 1476 1240 911 698 446 369 310 6640 5580 4101 3139 2009 1660 1395 7378 6200 4557 3488 2232 1845 1550 7526 6324 4648 3558 2277 1881 1581 7673 6448 4739 3628 2322 1918 1612 7821 6572 4830 3698 2366 1955 1643 7968 6696 4922 3767 2411 1992 1674 28 HOW TO FIGURE TYPE COMPOSITION BY KNOWN FACTORS NUMBER OF EMS IN TYPE PAGE Size Type Page in Pica Ems 5-pt. 5^-pt. 6-pt. 7-pt. 8-pt. lO-pt. ii-pt. 12-pt. 32x 5 .. 922 762 640 470 360 230 190 160 32x10 .. 1843 1523 1280 940 720 461 381 320 32x45 .. 8294 6854 5760 4234 3240 2074 1714 1440 32x50 .. 9216 7616 6400 4704 3600 2304 1904 1600 32x51 .. 9400 7768 6528 4798 3672 2350 1942 1632 32x52 .. 9585 7920 6656 4892 3744 2396 1980 1664 32x53 .. 9769 8073 6784 4986 3816 2442 2018 1696 32x54 .- 9953 8225 6912 5080 3888 2488 2056 1728 32x55 .10138 8378 7040 5174 3960 2534 2094 1760 32x56 .10322 8530 7168 5268 4032 2580 2132 1792 33^ 5 .. 950 785 660 485 371 238 196 165 33x10 .. 1900 1571 1320 970 743 475 393 330 33x50 .- 9504 7854 6600 4851 3713 2376 1964 1650 33x51 .. 9694 8011 6732 4948 3787 2424 2003 1683 33x52 .. 9884 8168 6864 5045 3861 2471 2042 1716 33x53 ..10074 8325 6996 5142 3935 2519 2081 1749 33x54 ...... .10264 8482 7128 5239 4010 2566 2121 1782 53x55 ..10454 8639 7260 5336 4084 2614 2160 1815 33x56 ..10644 8796 7392 5433 4158 2661 2199 1848 34x 5 .. 979 809 680 500 383 245 202 170 34x10 .. 1958 1618 1360 1000 765 490 405 340 34x50 .. 9792 8092 6800 4998 3825 2448 2023 1700 34x51 ...... .. 9988 8254 6936 5098 3902 2497 2064 1734 34x52 ...... .10184 8416 7072 5198 3978 2546 2104 1768 34x53 ..10380 8578 7208 5298 4055 2595 2145 1802 34x54 ..10576 8740 7344 5398 4131 2644 2185 1836 34x55 ...... ..10771 8901 7480 5498 4208 2693 2225 1870 34x56 ..10967 9062 7616 5598 4284 2742 2266 1904 34x60 ..11750 9710 8160 5998 4590 2938 2428 2040 35x 5 .. 1008 833 700 515 394 252 208 175 35x10 .. 2016 1666 1400 1029 788 504 417 350 35x50 ..10080 8330 7000 5145 3938 2520 2083 1750 35x51 ..10282 8497 7140 5248 4017 2570 2125 1785 35x52 ..10483 8663 7280 5351 4096 2621 2166 1820 35x53 ..10685 8830 7420 5454 4174 2671 2208 1855 35x54 ..10886 8996 7560 5557 4253 2722 2250 1890 35x55 ..11088 9163 7700 5660 4331 2772 2291 1925 35x56 ..11290 9330 7840 5763 4410 2822 2332 1960 35x57 ..11492 9497 7980 5866 4489 2873 2374 1995 29 HOW TO FIGURE TYPE COMPOSITION BY KNOWN; FACTORS NUMBER OF EMS IN TYPE PAGE Size Type Page in Pica Ems 5-pt. 5^-pt. 6-pt. 7-pt. 8-pt. lO-pt. ii-pt. 12-pt. 35x58 , 11693 9663 8120 5969 4568 2923 2416 2030 35x59 11894 9830 8260 6072 4646 2974 2457 2065 35x60 . 12096 9996 8400 6174 4725 3024 2499 2100 36x 5 . 1037 857 720 529 405 259 214 180 36x10 . 2074 1714 1440 1058 810 518 428 360 36x50 . 10368 8568 7200 5292 4050 2592 2142 1800 36x51 . 10575 8739 7344 5398 4131 2644 2185 1836 36x52 . 10783 8911 7488 5504 4212 2696 2228 1872 36x53 . 10990 9082 7632 5610 4293 2748 2271 1908 36x54 . 11197 9253 7776 5715 4374 2799 2313 1944 36x55 . 11405 9425 7920 5821 4455 2851 2356 1980 36x56 . 11612 9596 8064 5927 4536 2903 2399 2016 36x57 . 11819 9767 8208 6033 4617 2955 2442 2052 36x58 . 12027 9939 8352 6139 4698 3007 2485 2088 36x59 . 12234 10110 8496 6245 4779 3059 2528 2124 36x60 . 12442 10282 8640 6350 4860 3110 2570 2160 37x 5 . 1066 881 740 544 416 266 220 185 37x10 . 2131 1761 1480 1088 833 533 440 370 37x50 . 10656 8806 7400 5439 4163 2664 2202 1850 37x51 . 10869 8982 7548 5548 4246 2717 2246 1887 37x52 . 11082 9158 7696 5657 4329 2771 2290 1924 37x53 . 11295 9334 7844 5765 4412 2824 2334 1961 37x54 . 11508 9510 7992 5874 4496 2877 2378 1998 37x55 . 11722 9687 8140 5983 4579 2930 2422 2035 37x56 . 11935 9863 8288 6092 4662 2984 2466 2072 37x57 . 12148 10039 8436 6200 4745 3037 2510 2109 37x58 . 12361 10215 8584 6309 4829 3090 2554 2146 37x59 . 12574 10391 8732 6418 4912 3144 2598 2183 37x60 . 12787 10567 8880 6527 4995 3197 2642 2220 40x 5 ., 1152 952 800 588 450 288 238 200 40x10 . 2304 1904 1600 1176 900 576 476 400 40x50 .. 11520 9520 8000 5880 4500 2880 2380 2000 40x60 .. 13824 11424 9600 7056 5400 3456 2856 2400 40x61 .. 14054 11614 9760 7174 5490 3514 2904 2440 40x62 .. 14284 11804 9920 7292 5580 3572 2952 2480 40x63 .. 14515 11995 10080 7409 5670 3629 2999 2520 40x64 .. 14745 12185 10240 7527 5760 3686 3047 2560 40x65 .. 14976 12376 10400 7644 5850 3744 3094 2600 30 HOW TO FIGURE TYPE COMPOSITION BY KNOWN' FACTORS NUMBER OF EMS IN TYPE PAGE Size Type Pag( ill Pica Ems 5-pt. SJ^-pt. 6-pt. 7-pt. 8-pt. lO-pt. ii-pt. 12-pt. 41x10 .. 2362 1952 1640 1205 923 590 488 410 41x60 ..14170 11710 9840 7232 5535 3542 2927 2460 41x61 ..14406 11905 10004 7353 5627 3601 2976 2501 41x62 ..14642 12100 10168 7473 5720 3660 3026 2542 41x63 ..14878 12295 10332 7594 5812 3720 3075 2583 42x 5 .. 1210 1000 840 617 473 302 250 210 42x10 .. 2419 1999 1680 1235 945 605 500 420 42x50 ..12096 9996 8400 6174 4725 3024 2499 2100 42x60 ..14515 11995 10080 7409 5670 3629 2999 2520 42x61 ..14757 12195 10248 7532 5765 3689 3049 2562 42x62 .-14999 12395 10416 7656 5859 3750 3099 2604 42x63 ..15241 12595 10584 7779 5954 3810 3149 2646 42x64 ..15483 12795 10752 7903 6048 3871 3199 2688 42x65 ..15725 12995 10920 8026 6143 3931 3249 2730 42x66 ..15967 13195 11088 8150 6237 3992 3299 2772 42x70 ..16934 13994 11760 8644 6615 4234 3499 2940 42x80 ..19354 15994 13440 9878 7560 4838 3998 336Q 44x10 .. 2534 2094 1760 1294 990 643 524 440 44x30 .. 7603 6283 5280 3881 2970 1901 1571 1320 44x50 ..12672 10472 8800 6468 4950 3168 2612 2200 44x60 ..15206 12566 10560 7762 5940 3802 3142 2640 44x61 ..15459 12776 10736 7891 6039 3865 3194 2684 44x62 ..15713 12985 10912 8020 6138 3928 3246 2728 44x63 ..15966 13195 11088 8150 6237 3992 3299 2772 44x64 ..16220 13404 11264 8279 6336 4055 3351 2816 44x65 ..16473 13614 11440 8408 6435 4118 3403 2860 44x66 ..16727 13823 11616 8538 6534 4182 3456 2904 44x67 ..16980 14033 11792 8667 6633 4245 3508 2948 44x68 ..17234 14242 11968 8796 6732 4308 3560 2992 44x69 ..17487 14451 12144 8926 6831 4372 3613 3036 44x70 ..17741 14661 12320 9055 6930 4435 3665 3080 48x10 .. 2765 2285 1920 1411 1080 691 571 480 48x36 .. 9953 8225 6912 5080 3888 2488 2056 1728 48x60 ..16589 13709 11520 8467 6480 4147 3427 2880 48x64 ..17695 14623 12288 9032 6912 4424 3656 3072 48x65 .17971 14851 12480 9173 7020 4493 3713 3120 48x66 ..18248 15080 12672 9314 7128 4562 3770 3168 48x67 ..18524 15308 12864 9455 7236 4631 3827 3216 48x68 ..18801 15537 13056 9596 7344 4700 3884 3264 31 HOW TO FIGURE TYPE COMPOSITION BY KNOWN FACTORS NUMBER OF EMS IN TYPE PAGE Size Type Page ill Pica Ems 5-pt. 5/2-pt. 6-pt. 7-pt. 8-pt. 10-pt. 11-pt. 12-pt. 48x69 19077 15765 13248 9737 7452 4769 3941 3312 48x70 19354 15994 13440 9878 7560 4838 3998 3360 50x10 2880 2380 2000 1470 1125 720 595 500 50x65 , 18720 15470 13000 9555 7313 4680 3868 3250 50x70 . 20160 16660 14000 10290 7875 5040 4165 3500 50x71 . 20448 16898 14200 10437 7988 5112 4225 3550 50x72 . 20736 17136 14400 10584 8100 5184 4284 3600 50x73 . 21024 17374 14600 10731 8213 5256 4344 3650 50x74 . 21312 17612 14800 10878 8325 5328 4403 3700 50x75 . 21600 17850 15000 11025 8438 4500 4463 3750 50x76 . _.21888 18088 15200 11172 8550 5472 4522 3800 54x10 . 3110 2570 2160 1588 1215 778 643 540 54x70 . 21773 17993 15120 11113 8505 5443 4498 3780 54x71 . 22084 18250 15336 11272 8627 5521 4562 3834 54x72 . 22395 18507 15552 11431 8748 5599 4626 3888 54x73 . 22706 18764 15768 11590 8870 5677 4690 3942 54x74 . 23017 19020 15984 11748 8991 5754 4755 3996 54x75 . 23328 19278 16200 11907 9113 5832 4820 4050 54x76 . 23639 19535 16416 12066 9234 5910 4884 4104 54x77 . 23950 19792 16632 12225 9356 5988 4948 4158 54x78 . 24261 20049 16848 12383 9477 6065 5012 4212 56x10 . 3226 2666 2240 1646 1260 806 666 560 56x74 . 23871 19725 16576 12183 9324 5967 4931 4144 56x75 . 24194 19992 16800 12348 9450 6048 4998 4200 56x76 . 24516 20258 17024 12513 9576 6129 5065 4256 56x77 . 24839 20525 17248 12677 9702 6209 5131 4312 56x78 . 25161 ^0792 17472 12842 9828 6290 5198 4368 56x79 . 25484 21058 17696 13007 9954 6371 5265 4424 56x80 . 25806 21325 17920 13171 10080 6451 5331 4480 57x10 .. 3283 2713 2280 1676 1283 821 678 570 57x76 .. 24952 20620 17328 12736 9747 6238 5155 4332 57x77 .. 25281 20891 17556 12904 9875 6320 5223 4389 57x78 .. 25609 21162 17784 13071 10003 6402 5291 4446 57x79 ., 25937 21434 18012 13239 10131 6484 5359 4503 57x80 .. 26266 21706 18240 13406 10260 6566 5426 4560 57x81 .. 26594 21977 18468 13574 10388 6648 5494 4617 57x82 .. 26922 22248 18696 13742 10517 6731 5562 4674 57x83 .. 27251 22520 18924 13909 10645 6813 5630 4731 57x84 .. 27579 22791 19152 14077 10773 6895 5698 4788 32 ^^ ^H^^ u tp 63'^'^fl STAMPED BE^^AST DATE '^AY AnS TO ^J° ^° CENTS ON Thh Po''^^^ OVE^OUH. ''-^ ON THE Se'vI^^J-^^JJ Gaylord Bros. Makers Syracuse, N. Y, PAT, JAM. 21,1908 3^*75"^ //s UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LIBRARY ■^■i''^!--^ ;v'¥'s'*.'v