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 HISTOEICAL EECOED 
 
 jOyerkpr-Gbsqbral's Body Guard, 
 
HISTORICAL RECORD 
 
 OF THE 
 
 abtmax-tytntXKl'& jio&g |)«ar&, 
 
 ITS STANDING ORDERS. 
 
 OAPT. FREDERICK O. DENISON, 
 
 COMMANDING GOVERNOR-GENERAL'S BODY GUARD. 
 
 Printed for the use of the Corps. 
 
 PRINTED BY HUNTER, ROSE & CO. 
 
 1876. 
 
(S-^iM 
 
 PEEFAOE. 
 
 Some fifty-five years have elapsed since the Governor- 
 General's Body Guard was first organized under the name 
 of the West York Cavalry. During that time the corps 
 has been out on active service in several important periods 
 of Canadian history. All the original officers are dead, 
 and many of the facts and incidents of the early history 
 of the corps are already lost or forgotten. Feeling this, 
 I have endeavoured, at the request of my comrades, to 
 gather together all the information I could obtain as to 
 the organization and services of the troop, both from the 
 official records, and from the personal recollections of the 
 surviving officers. In the following pages will be found 
 the result of my labours, which I have published in this 
 form for the use and information of the members and ex- 
 members of the corps. 
 
 The standing orders I have compiled from the orders 
 of several regular cavalry regiments, and have adapted 
 them to the use of the Body Guard, and published them 
 in connection with the Historical Record, to which, I 
 feel, they will serve as a useful appendix. 
 
 FEED. C. DENISON. 
 
 KUSHOLME, 
 
 Toronto, 29th March, 1876. 
 
 734 
 
HISTORICAL RECORD 
 
 OF THE 
 
 ovtrnor Itfturar?} jJ0dg-lhuaii<L 
 
 CHAPTER L 
 
 THE WAR OF 1812 TO THE REBELLION OF 1837. 
 
 Some time before the War of 1812 a Militia Law had 
 been passed and a military organization of the population 
 had been effected upon the basis of compulsory service 
 of all the inhabitants of Upper Canada capable of bearing 
 arms. The country was divided into regimental districts, 
 and officers were appointed to command the militia in 
 the different divisions. This organization of itself would 
 have been of little avail, unless followed up by a certain 
 amount of drill and instruction to both officers and men. 
 To provide this to a certain extent, and to ensure a 
 nucleus of drilled men in the least burdensome way to 
 the people, a system was adopted of drilling two com- 
 panies in each battalion, called the flank companies, and 
 of filling these by volunteers where practicable, and com- 
 pleting the quota by the ballot where such a measure was 
 
2 HISTORICAL RECORD. 
 
 required. These flank companies were the first to march 
 to the frontier on the declaration of war, those from 
 Toronto, called " The York Volunteers," doing good ser- 
 vice at Detroit, Queenston Heights and other fields. The 
 flank companies, supported by the militia generally, and 
 by a few auxiliary troops of cavalry organized by the 
 British Government for the war, formed the main force 
 of the Canadian Militia. 
 
 On the conclusion of the war the flank companies were 
 disbanded, and the old organization in regimental divi- 
 sions was retained ; and in order to have a quota of 
 cavalry engrafted on the system, it was arranged in 1822 
 in some districts to organize troops of cavalry to be at- 
 tached to the infantry battalions, and to be under the 
 command of the Lieut.-Colonels of them. In that year, 
 therefore, Col. Chewett, who was in command of the 1st 
 West York Regiment of Militia, being desirous of organ- 
 izing a troop of cavalry in connection with his battalion, 
 applied to Captain George T. Denison, of Bellevue, Toron- 
 to, then commanding a company in the 1st West York, 
 who took upon himself the duty of raising one. 
 
 Captain Denison had served throughout the war of 
 1812 with much credit, and was considered the most 
 available officer to undertake the duty, particularly as he 
 was a good horseman, well acquainted with the farming 
 community, and of an impetuous and energetic tempera- 
 ment. He selected Mr. Aaron Silverthorn, a farmer 
 who lived in the neighbourhood of Toronto, as his lieu- 
 tenant. Mr. Silverthorn had fought under General Brock 
 
THE WAR OF 1812. 3 
 
 and had done good service during the whole continu- 
 ance of hostilities, and was well qualified by his intelli- 
 gence and energy for the position. Mr. Charles Eich- 
 ardson was appointed cornet. 
 
 Cornet Richardson, after serving some years in the 
 troop, moved to the old town of Niagara, where he prac- 
 tised law for many years as a barrister. 
 
 In arranging the uniform of the new troop, it so 
 chanced that a master-tailor of Her Majesty's 13th Light 
 Dragoons, named Wedge, had just about that time left 
 the regiment, and emigrated to York (now Toronto),where 
 he had opened a tailoring establishment. This was 
 too good an opportunity to be lost. Captain Denison at 
 once decided upon adopting the 13th Light Dragoons as 
 a model. The tailor was employed to make the neces- 
 sary uniforms for officers and men, and in a short time 
 the troop was fully supplied. From that accidental 
 cause, the blue and buff uniform of the 13th Hussars 
 became in time the uniform of the great body of cavalry 
 of the Dominion of Canada. When the 13th Light 
 Dragoons were changed to the 13th Hussars, the corps 
 of cavalry in this country followed the change, and in 
 the Fenian troubles, when that splendid regiment was 
 sent to Canada, they found the Canadian cavalry dressed 
 in their own familiar uniform. 
 
 The troop was drilled from time to time for many 
 years, always being complimented for their spirited and 
 patriotic conduct in going to so great an outlay and 
 giving up so much time to drill without the slightest 
 
4 HISTORICAL RECORD. 
 
 remuneration \ and they were repeatedly promised by 
 the Government that swords and pistols would be issued 
 to them. So the troop went on for years, uniformed at 
 their own cost, and drilling in field movements, without 
 arms, until the rebellion of 1837 broke out. 
 
 When the remains of General Brock were removed to the 
 Queenston Heights, Captain Denison did not neglect being 
 present on the occasion to pay his last respects to the relics 
 of that gallant officer. The York Observer of the 18th Oct., 
 1824, in describing the re-interment on the 13th of the 
 same month, says : " We had the melancholy pleasure of 
 attending, on Wednesday last, the removal of the mortal 
 remains of Major-General Sir Isaac Brock and those of 
 his deceased aide-de-camp, Lieutenant-Colonel McDonell, 
 from Fort George to the monument at Queenston Heights. 
 The day was remarkably fine. The persons who attend- 
 ed to pay this last tribute of respect to their memories 
 were highly respectable and numerous. There could not 
 be less than 10,000 persons present," &c, &c. The 
 paper then goes on to give the order in which the pro- 
 cession was formed up \ following that of the " Officers 
 of the West York Militia, under the command of Lieut.- 
 Col. Bakie," appears the name of " Captain Denison, of 
 the York Dragoons." 
 
 In later years, when the new monument to General 
 Brock was inaugurated, the troop was present on the 
 occasion. 
 
 During the years from 1822 to 1837, the uniform of 
 the corps was in the old style — a blue coatee, with buff 
 
THE WAR OF 1812. 5 
 
 facings over the breast, thickly laced with silver for the 
 officers, and laced also on the sleeves and back; the shako 
 was of bearskin, of helmet shape, but with a plume 
 of red and white feathers standing erect up the side ; the 
 overalls had a double white stripe down the outside ; & 
 girdle or sash was also worn. 
 
CHAPTER II. 
 
 THE REBELLION OF 1837 AND 1838. 
 
 On the breaking out of the rebellion a great change took 
 place in the way in which the troop was treated by the 
 Government. The corps was at once placed on full pay 
 and taken into the service of the British Government. 
 Arms (including flint-lock carbines) and accoutrements 
 were supplied. The troop was given the honorary desig- 
 nation of the " Queen's Light Dragoons," and for six 
 months it was on active service performing despatch duty 
 and co-operating with Her Majesty's regular forces. 
 
 During this period the officers were Major George T. 
 Denison (of Bellevne), in command; his eldest son, 
 Richard Lippincott Denison, was lieutenant ; and Mr. 
 Perine Lawrence, a member of an old U. E. Loyalist 
 family, was cornet. Captain Button, at the commence- 
 ment of the rebellion, came down to Toronto with some 
 twenty men, and he and his party were attached to the 
 Queen's Light Dragoons, and placed under Major Deni- 
 son's command during the time they were on active ser- 
 vice, rendering him valuable assistance. The troop was 
 retained on full pay by the Imperial Government for six 
 months, drawing during that period the same pay 
 and allowance as the regular cavalry, the captain being 
 
THE REBELLION OF 1837 AND 1838. 7 
 
 allowed three horses and the subalterns two each. It was 
 relieved from active service in the month of June, 1838. 
 Shortly afterwards Major Denison (of Bellevue) was pro- 
 moted to the lieutenant-colonelcy of the 1st West York 
 Battalion, and Lieutenant Eichard L. Denison was pro- 
 moted to the captaincy. 
 
 On the 31st October, 1838, the Queen's Light Dra- 
 goons were again placed on active service, under 
 the command of Captain R. L. Denison, his brother, 
 George T. Denison (of Eusholme), and Edwin C. 
 Fisher, being his lieutenant and cornet respectively. 
 The corps took its turn of work, performing the usual 
 patrols, despatch and garrison duty. Among the old 
 orders in the Troop Orderly-book we find the following, 
 of the 16th November, 1838, copied from the Garrison 
 Order-book : — 
 
 " Militia General Order, No. 2. 
 " A sergeant, corporal and fifteen men of troop of cavalry 
 " commanded by Captain Denison will be sent to take picquet 
 " at the turnpike on Yonge Street ; during the night they are 
 1 ' to patrol eastward to the Don and westward to the Conces- 
 " sion Road west of Spadina Avenue. 
 
 " By order, &c." 
 
 Immediately after their recall to active duty, a Cavalry 
 School was organized at Niagara in connection with the 
 u King's Dragoon Guards M stationed at that post, under 
 the command of Captain Martin. The Queen's Light 
 Dragoons, as well as all other troops lying west of Co- 
 bourg, were ordered to furnish an officer and some men 
 
8 HISTORICAL RECORD. 
 
 to proceed to the School for instruction in cavalry drill, 
 and particularly in the interior economy of a regiment, as 
 most of the troops knew little or nothing of that most 
 important part of the discipline of a corps. The follow- 
 ing is a copy of the order issued : — 
 
 " Toronto, December 16th, 1838. 
 " District General Order. 
 " No. 1. Captain Martin, commanding the squadron of 
 ' King's Dragoon Guards at Fort George, having handsomely 
 ' proposed to give instruction in the movements to such non- 
 1 commissioned officers and others of the Militia Dragoons 
 S as might be ordered to attend him for that purpose, His Ex- 
 cellency the Lieutenant-Governor and Major-General Com- 
 'manding directs that a sergeant, corporal and private 
 ' from each troop of cavalry and volunteer dragoons 
 'at Toronto, Hamilton, and Niagara Districts, with their 
 ' horses, be immediately sent to Fort George for the purpose 
 1 stated, where they are to remain under instruction for a 
 1 fortnight after their arrival, or even three weeks should 
 ' Captain Martin think it necessary, and then return with- 
 ' out further orders to their respective troops. Captain 
 ' Martin will be so kind as to make a report of the proficiency 
 1 of the non-commissioned officers and privates, as well as of 
 ' the capabilities of their horses, to Colonel Foster, as Adju- 
 ' tant-General, for the information of His Excellency Sir 
 1 George Arthur. One officer of each troop is also recom- 
 ' mended to avail himself of so favourable an opportunity of 
 1 obtaining instruction in his cavalry duties. 
 
 " By,Command, 
 (Signed) "C. Foster." 
 Lieutenant George T. Denison (of Eusholme) with Ser- 
 
THE REBELLION OF 1837 AND 1838. 9 
 
 geant Coates (a discharged non-commissioned officer from 
 the 7th Dragoon Guards), Corporal Eutledge, Private 
 Samuel Beatty, and Trumpeter Eneas Bell, who had been 
 the bugler to General Sir Isaac Brock on the day of that 
 gallant officer's death at the battle of Queenston Heights, 
 were detailed by the officer commanding to attend the 
 school. 
 
 Lieutenant Denison and detachment returned to duty 
 after putting in their full course of instruction. The 
 Queen's Light Dragoons and Captain McGrath's troop of 
 cavalry performed alternately the despatch duty between 
 the Villages of Cobourg and Oakville, a distance of about 
 one hundred and twenty miles, in pursuance of the follow- 
 ing orders : — 
 
 M Commandant's Office, 
 
 " November 24th, 1838. 
 
 " The despatch duty will be taken by the troop of Militia 
 " Cavalry commanded by Captain Denison on and after Mon- 
 " day, the 26th instant, until further orders. 
 
 (Signed) "J. S. Macauley, 
 
 u Colonel Commandant" 
 
 " Commandant's Office, 
 
 " Toronto, 31st December, 1838. 
 
 " No. 2. Captain Denison's troop of Militia Cavalry will 
 " furnish the men for orderly duty for the month of January." 
 
 " No. 3. Major McGrath's troop of Militia Cavalry will 
 " furnish the men for despatch duty for the month of Jan- 
 " uary. 
 
 " By Command." 
 
10 HISTORICAL RECORD. 
 
 In the months of January and February this troop es- 
 corted His Excellency the Lieu tenant-do vern or to and 
 from the Executive Council Chamber. 
 
 On the 31st May, 1839, the Queen's Light Dragoons 
 were again reduced from active service by an order of 
 the 23rd April, 1839, which, among other paragraphs, 
 
 " It affords the Lieutenant-Governor and Major-General 
 " Commanding extreme gratification at being enabled to per- 
 ' l mit the whole of the Militia and Volunteer Corps, embo- 
 " died for six months' service only, or those who were called 
 11 out for an indefinite period, to return to their homes forth- 
 "with, pay being issued to them to the day of their dis 
 * * charge inclusive, and seven days'additional pay to take them 
 1 ' home. 
 
 " Sir George Arthur cannot dismiss these loyal and patri- 
 " otic defenders of their country without offering to them 
 "the assurance of his highest estimation and warmest ap- 
 " probation of their gallantry and zeal, as well as of the 
 "patience and perseverance with which they endured the 
 "hardships and privations which unavoidably fell to their 
 " lot during the period of their engagement, and His Excel- 
 " lency most confidently relies on their coming forward with 
 " equal spirit and determination should their valuable ser- 
 " vices be again required, &c, &c, &c. 
 " By Command, 
 (Signed) "C. Foster, CoL, 
 
 Asst. Adj. -General." 
 
 During the period the troop was on active service, 
 being in the winter, the Government issued to the men 
 good serviceable blue cloaks with buff collars, which com- 
 
THE REBELLION OF 1837 AND 1838. 11 
 
 pletely covered both man and horse ; the tall collars on 
 the cloaks, together with a fur cap, covered entirely the 
 back of the head and neck, and nearly the whole of the face. 
 The hats were of a peculiar construction, made of a sort 
 of imitation dog skin ; they looked as if made of an oblong 
 piece of fur, doubled in the centre, and stitched up each 
 side, with a bag of red cloth with tassel on one side some- 
 what like the present busby bag. 
 
 When mounted, the cloak and cap gave the men a very 
 soldierly appearance. During the rebellion, the uniform 
 was slightly changed — the buff facing on the breast of the 
 coatee was removed, and the lace or braid was put on 
 the cloth. While on service at this time the pay for non- 
 commissioned officers and men was very liberal, as may 
 be seen by an Order of the 8th April, 1839, which is 
 of sufficient interest to allow of its being copied in full : 
 
 " Headquarters, Montreal. 
 "General Order, No. 2. 
 " Great inconvenience having arisen from the division of 
 1 ' the pay of the non-commissioned officers and privates of the 
 " Volunteer Cavalry, owing to the additional 2s. Id. currency 
 " per day granted to them when employed on outpost or des- 
 " patch duty, &c, the Commandant of the Forces has been 
 1 ' pleased to direct that after the 1st May, 1839, there shall 
 "be but one fixed rate of pay under all circumstances : ser- 
 " jeants, 7s. Id. currency per day ; corporals, 6s. 5d. ; privates, 
 "6s., without any additional allowance for outposts or des- 
 * ' patch duty. 
 
 (Signed) " John Eden, D.A. G, 
 "8th April, 1839," 
 
 
12 HISTORICAL RECORD. 
 
 After being taken off active service, the arms, accoutre- 
 ments and clothing issued to the troop were returned 
 into store, as they belonged to the Imperial Government. 
 However, the officers immediately purchased sufficient 
 swords to supply the troop, and commenced another 
 system of clothing and arming the men. It was arranged 
 in this way. On a recruit joining, he was supplied by 
 the officer commanding with a sword and sword belt, 
 pouch and belt, shako and jacket. The man then gave 
 security to the amount of five pounds to return them 
 when leaving, in good order (fair wear and tear excepted), 
 and to show his good faith was required to get some friend 
 of substance to subscribe with him to this agreement ; 
 thus for years the whole troop equipment belonged to the 
 officers, and was merely loaned to the men. 
 
 Annually, after 1839, the men mustered to perform 
 their drill up to the passing of an Act, in the year 1846, 
 providing for the re-organization of the militia. In 1843, 
 Robert B. Denison was appointed cornet, Mr. Edwin 
 Fisher having retired after the rebellion was over. 
 
 During the period between 1839 and 1846, the troop per- 
 formed various duties; among others,in the year 1843 it es- 
 corted Sir Charles Metcalfe, afterwards Lord Metcalfe, who 
 was then Lieutenant-Governor, on his first visit to Toronto, 
 the capital of Upper Canada, by meeting him several 
 miles down the Kingston Eoad, below the Highland 
 Creek. On the escort arriving at his hotel, Lord Met- 
 calfe invited the officers to dine with him — they were 
 the only ones asked that night. The dinner was at the 
 
THE REBELLION OF 1837 AND 1838. 
 
 British Coffee House, where His Excellency had put up ; it 
 stood where the Kossin House now stands, and was then 
 the principal hotel in the town. Strange to say, on this 
 occasion the officers were three brothers — Richard L. 
 Denison, captain ; George T. Denison, lieutenant } and 
 Robert B. Denison, cornet. This is explained by the fact 
 that at that time there was a great difficulty in getting 
 officers who would take upon themselves the trouble, and 
 bear the expense, and one might almost say the odium, 
 attached to such a position — one without remuneration 
 of any kind whatever. Commissions were going begging 
 about for somebody to take them, although the number 
 required to officer the force at Toronto was small at this 
 time and for many years after. Besides, all the arms, 
 accoutrements and uniforms were owned by and supplied 
 at the expense of the officers, making, of course, a heavy 
 tax upon them. 
 
 Nothing was done under the Act of 1846 until the 
 following year, when the new organization commenced. 
 During the re-organization, Captain Richard L. Denison 
 being offered another position retired from the troop and 
 accepted a majority in the 4th Battalion of Toronto Seden- 
 tary Militia, commanded by his father, and shortly after- 
 wards became the lieut.-colonel commanding it. The Lieu- 
 tenant, George T. Denison (of Rusholme), was promot 
 ed to the Captaincy, and the " Queen's Light Dragoons " 
 was re-gazetted as the " 1st Toronto Independent Troop 
 of Cavalry." In 1848, Mr. Peter McGill McCutcheon 
 was gazetted cornet. 
 
14 HISTORICAL RECORD. 
 
 From 1846 till the year 1855 the troop met for a 
 certain number of days' drill each year, and were sup- 
 plied with clothing, arms and accoutrements at this 
 time by the captain. It was then indeed hard up-hill 
 work. They received no encouragement whatever from 
 the Government of the day ; even the people of the town 
 discouraged volunteering, thinking it useless — for after 
 the Battle of Waterloo, there being an almost unbroken 
 peace of forty years in Europe, many persons believed 
 in the near approach of the millenium, and nearly all 
 thought there was no necessity for soldiers on this con- 
 tinent, so that when the men appeared in uniform they 
 were laughed at for being soldier-mad. The result was, 
 that rather than show themselves on the streets, they 
 sought a quiet place to drill, where they would be left 
 undisturbed. Men who would do this were true patriots 
 — they did not join for pay, or for the dash and show 
 that no doubt attract many to the ranks of volunteer 
 corps, but from a sincere desire to perfect themselves in 
 their drill and duties in case of a foreign invasion. 
 
 In the year 1849, the troop rendered essential service 
 in escorting and protecting the Governor-General, Lord 
 Elgin, to open Parliament in Toronto, in the troubled 
 times which followed the riots over the Eebellion Losses 
 Bill in Montreal, during which the Parliament Buildings 
 there were burnt while the House was actually in ses- 
 sion ; at a time, too, when the troops of cavalry that 
 had been on regular service in Montreal for over ten 
 years forgot their discipline, forgot their duty to their 
 
THE REBELLION OF 1837 AND 1838. 
 
 Queen's representative, forgot their esprit de corps, and 
 sat on their horses and laughed while the mob were en- 
 gaged in pelting Lord Elgin with eggs. 
 
 This Toronto troop acted differently, and established a 
 name then for obedience to orders that should be looked 
 back to with pride by every man who ever servesin its ranks. 
 Unquestionably there was a great deal politically to tempt 
 them from their duty, and to lead them to remain inac- 
 tive if nothing worse. But their sense of duty to their 
 Queen, through her representative, was so strong that 
 they turned out, taking the Governor-General safely to 
 and from the Parliament Buildings, much against the will 
 of a noisy, turbulent crowd. This was an excellent proof 
 of what esprit de corps will do, and of the good state the 
 troop must have been in. His Excellency was so pleased 
 with the loyalty, discipline and general conduct of the 
 escort on this occasion, that he sent orders to the officer 
 commanding to dismount his men and bring them into 
 the drawing-room of the Government House. By His 
 Excellency's request, Captain Denison presented each 
 man individually to him, and he shook hands with them 
 all, thanking them personally for their services. They 
 were then invited to sit down to a handsome lunch with 
 His Excellency's staff. 
 
 In 1850, the following advertisement was issued; the 
 cool way in which the exemption from infantry service is 
 referred to as a great inducement, is in the true cavalry 
 spirit : 
 
16 HISTORICAL RECORD. 
 
 "1st Toronto Cavalry. 
 
 (Extract.) 
 
 "Militia General Order. 
 
 "Adjutant-General's Office, 
 
 " Toronto, July 19th, 1850. 
 
 " No. 4. The townships of York and Etobicoke have been 
 1 ' added to the limits of the 1st Toronto Independent Troop 
 " of Cavalry. 
 
 (Signed) " D. MacDonell, Lt.-Col., 
 
 * ' Deputy A dj .- Gm. Militia. " 
 
 Notice. 
 
 The above named townships having been added to the 
 limits of the 1st Toronto Cavalry, the captain commanding 
 the said corps is desirous of enrolling in his troop the names 
 of such active and intelligent young men of good character 
 and sound loyalty, and who have been accustomed to the use 
 of horses, as may be willing to join him as volunteers, by 
 which they will become exempt from serving in the infantry 
 corps within those limits. 
 
 George T. Denison, Jun., 
 Capt. Commanding 1st Toronto Cavalry. 
 Toronto, July 30th, 1850. 
 
 In the year 1853 a regiment of Volunteer cavalry was 
 raised in the County of York, of which this corps formed 
 the first troop. The order is as follows : 
 
THE REBELLION OF 1837 AND 1838. 17 
 
 " Adjutant-General's Office, 
 
 " 12th March, 1853. 
 ' ' Militia General Order. 
 
 " His Excellency the Governor-General has been pleased 
 " to direct that a volunteer regiment of militia cavalry, con- 
 " sisting of four troops, be formed in the County of York, to 
 " be composed of volunteers from the militia of that county, 
 " and to be styled the '1st Regiment York Light Dragoons,' 
 " and that Major George T. Denison's troop of Toronto In- 
 " dependent Cavalry shall compose the 1st troop of this regi- 
 "menfc ; and His Excellency is further pleased to appoint 
 "Major George T. Denison, of the 1st troop of Toronto In- 
 " dependent Cavalry, Lieutenant-Colonel Commandant of 
 " the 1st regiment York Light Dragoons. 
 ' ' By command, 
 
 "D. MacDonell, Lt.-Col., 
 "Deputy A djutant-Ge7ieral Militia." 
 
 At the same time Lieutenant Eobert B. Denison was 
 gazetted Captain. 
 
CHAPTER III. 
 
 THE ORGANIZATION OF THE ACTIVE MILITIA, 1855. 
 
 In the year 1855, the Imperial Government having 
 previously withdrawn nearly all the regular troops on 
 account of the Crimean War, were very anxious that an 
 auxiliary volunteer force should be organized in Canada, 
 and to encourage the Canadian Government to take up 
 the matter, the home authorities agreed to hand over all 
 the ordnance lands to our Government on the under- 
 standing that an efficient active force of 7,000 or 8,000 
 men should be raised, equipped and maintained. The 
 Militia Law of 1855 was accordingly passed, providing 
 for this organization, and in the fall of that year the 
 1st Toronto cavalry, or 1st York Light Dragoons, was 
 brought bodily into the new force. A second troop, 
 formed from the 3rd and 4th troops York Light Dra- 
 goons, was brought in, while the 2nd troop was put into 
 class B of the same organization. 
 
 The Government thereupon took into its own hands 
 the duty of equipping the men. New swords and belts, 
 new pouches and Colt's revolvers were issued to each 
 man. The pistols were carried on the sword belts in 
 patent leather cases. The Government, now anxious to en- 
 courage the volunteers, built store rooms on Queen Street, 
 
ORGANIZATION OF ACTIVE MILITIA, 1855. 19 
 
 near Bathurst Street, for the cavalry arms and accoutre- 
 ments, and for the artillery guns and harness. Some 
 years afterwards, when the regular army were entirely 
 withdrawn from Canada, the troop was given the block 
 house in the Old Fort. The artillery were also moved 
 up to the Old Fort and new garrison, and the spot where 
 the parade ground was, and where the store room stood, 
 is now covered with handsome shops and dwelling- 
 houses. 
 
 On the 15th May, 1856, a vacancy occurring, Mr. 
 Wm. Ridout, of Toronto, son of George Ridout, Esq., 
 who had been an officer of the York Flank Companies 
 throughout the war of 1812, was gazetted cornet. 
 
 The troops under the reorganization were very efficient 
 and brought forth expressions of satisfaction from Sir 
 Edmund Head, at that time Governor-General, as con- 
 tained in the following general order issued after he had 
 reviewed them. 
 
 " Headquarters, 
 
 " 18th June, 1856. 
 
 ' ' Militia General Order. 
 
 ' ' His Excellency the Governor-General and Commander- 
 -in-Chief desires to express to Lieut. -Col. Denison, com- 
 " manding the mounted forces at Toronto,and to the officers, 
 1 i non-commissioned officers, and men thereof, his entire sat- 
 * ' isf action at their appearance and efficiency on the occasion 
 ' ' of His Excellency's inspection of the Volunteer Field Bat- 
 u tery of Artillery, and the 1st and 2nd Troops of Cavalry of 
 " the County of York, yesterday, the 17th inst. The pro- 
 
20 HISTORICAL RECORD. 
 
 il gress made by these corps during the short period they have 
 " been embodied reflects great credit upon every person serv- 
 " ing in them. And His Excellency avails himself of this 
 " opportunity to record his satisfaction at the efficiency of 
 "the Volunteer force in the Province generally, as reported 
 " by the inspecting field officer for Lower and Upper Canada. 
 6 ' By command of His Excellency the Governor-General 
 " and Commander-in-Chief. 
 
 (Signed) " De Rottenburg, Col., 
 
 " Adjt.-Genl Militia." 
 On the 13th November, 1856, Captain Robert B. Den- 
 ison was transferred to the Toronto Foot Artillery ; the 
 following year, 15th January, 1857, Lieutenant George 
 T. Denison (Heydon Villa), namesake and grandson of 
 the original organizer of the troop, was appointed to the 
 command, with rank of lieutenant. 
 
 The command had been offered to Mr. John A. Donald- 
 son and others before being given to Lieut. Denison, who 
 was then only in his eighteenth year, and considered al- 
 together too young to command a troop. The command 
 was declined by all, and was finally given to Lieut. Den- 
 ison on the understanding that he should recruit the corps 
 up to its full strength, many men having left with Cap- 
 tain R. B. Denison to join the Foot Artillery. He suc- 
 ceeded in doing this, and on inspection showed a full 
 troop, and on 22nd April in the same year he obtained 
 his captaincy, Cornet William Ridout being gazetted 
 lieutenant, and Mr. Patrick Campbell,of Etobicoke, cornet 
 in the same Gazette. On the 8th October, 1858, Charles 
 L. Denison was gazetted supernumerary cornet ; and on 
 
ORGANIZATION OF ACTIVE MILITIA, 1855. 21 
 
 the 28th August, 1860, Lieutenant Edwin P. Denison, of 
 Weston, was gazetted adjutant. 
 
 On the occasion of the visit of His Eoyal Highness the 
 Prince of Wales, in 1860, the corps went into barracks in 
 the Crystal Palace, where they had excellent stabling, 
 and formed all the escorts for His Eoyal Highness dur- 
 ing his stay in Toronto. Among others, the troop es- 
 corted the Prince on his entrance into Toronto, the capi- 
 tal of Ontario \ for this escort the Oak Eidges cavalry, Col. 
 McLeod, were united with the troop. 
 
 Mr. Eobert Cellem, in his account of the Prince's visit to 
 Canada, says : — " Let us take our stand before the Prince 
 comes under the canopy, and look about us. Immediately 
 in front,on the level ground, stood Captain Denison's troop 
 of Volunteer Cavalry, and very soldierlike they looked in 
 their uniforms of blue and silver ; a few yards behind 
 them the amphitheatre of seats began," &c. Their escort- 
 ing on this occasion was no light task, for by the time 
 the Prince's carriage started through the streets it was 
 dusk, and the immense crowd of people who had been 
 waiting for hours to see their Prince, when they saw his 
 carriage, became frantic to get near it, some even crawl- 
 ing between the horses' legs of the escort so as to get near 
 the carriage and shake hands with the Prince, or at the 
 least to have a good look at him. This had bo be stopped, 
 as there was no knowing with what object they might 
 want to get through. The escort consequently was kept 
 pretty busy. Mr. Cellem says that " On the arrival of His 
 Eoyal Highness at Government House, he called for 
 
22 HISTORICAL RECORD. 
 
 Colonel Denison, commandant of the active force, who 
 was the first person presented, and thanked him for the 
 services of the Volunteer force, especially that of the cav- 
 alry escort, who ; His Royal Highness said, " discharged 
 their duty in a very praiseworthy manner." During 
 His Royal Highness's visit the troop took part with the 
 rest of the Volunteer force in a review held in the Queen's 
 Park in honour of the Prince. 
 
 On the 19th June, 1860, Cornet Patrick Campbell re- 
 signed, and on the 6th December following. Lieutenant 
 Wm. Ridout was placed on the unattached list ; Cornet 
 Charles L. Denison was gazetted lieutenant, and on the 
 27th December of the same year Mr. G-. Shirley Denison 
 was gazetted cornet. The troop turned out voluntarily 
 for a review on the 23rd September, 1862, on the occa- 
 sion of the visit of Viscount Monck, the new Governor- 
 General, to Toronto. On the 25th August, 1865, Cornet 
 G. Shirley Denison was gazetted out, and Lieutenant 
 Frederick C. Denison, of the Second Administrative Bat- 
 talion, was gazetted cornet. 
 
 Sometime in the year 1861, Major George T. Deni- 
 son (Hey don Villa) prepared a memorial, signed by Lt.- 
 Col. Richard L. Denison, Colonel George T. Denison, 
 (Rusholme), and Lt.-Col. Robert B. Denison, all ex-com- 
 manding officers of the troop, and himself, asking the 
 Governor-General of Canada, Lord Monck, to grant the 
 1st York Cavalry the title of Governor-General's Body 
 Guard, in consideration of the corps being such an old 
 one, and having performed escort duty so often and to so 
 
ORGANIZATION OF ACTIVE MILITIA, 1855. 23 
 
 many different Governors of Canada. This memorial 
 was presented by Lt.-Colonel Richard L. Denison per- 
 sonally to His Excellency. Through being mislaid, or 
 through other cause, this was never answered. 
 
 Afterwards, in 1866, the " Royal Guides " of Montreal, 
 a newly organized corps, were given that privilege. 
 Major Denison (Hey don Villa) immediately renewed 
 his application in person, and His Excellency was pleased 
 to grant it in consideration of the grounds before men- 
 tioned, and of its being the oldest troop continuously 
 kept up in the Province. The 1st York Troop then be- 
 came the Governor-General's Body Guard for Upper 
 Canada, and was given precedence over all other corps 
 of cavalry in the Province. The following is the Gene- 
 ral Order in reference to it : — 
 
 " Headquarters, 
 " Ottawa, 27th April, 1866. 
 
 " No. 1. With reference to the Militia General Order No. 
 " 4, of 13th April, 1866, His Excellency the Governor-Ge- 
 1 ' neral has been pleased to direct that the designation of the 
 11 ' Royal Guides ' is to be ' The Governor-General's Body 
 " Guard for Lower Canada.' 
 
 1 ' His Excellency has also been pleased to direct that the 
 " 1st Troop of York Cavalry shall henceforth bear the style 
 " and title of ' The Governor-General's Body Guard of 
 "Upper Canada.'" 
 
 Some years ago the " Royal Guides " became defunct, 
 and all the officers were gazetted out of the force \ so that 
 now the Body Guard, is the senior troop, and is 
 
24 HISTORICAL RECORD. 
 
 therefore the senior corps in the Dominion, which bears 
 out the motto of the troop, " Nulli Secundus." 
 
 In the year 1864 the G-overriment imported some ca- 
 valry saddles from England, and furnished the troop 
 with thirty-five sets of bridles and saddles complete. In 
 1866 carbines were issued, which were then carried with 
 slings from the cross belt and straps, with short carbine 
 buckets. This method of carrying them was changed in 
 1868, and a new style of bucket was substituted, made 
 after the pattern of those used in the 13th Hussars, which 
 covered all the carbine except the stock. They were, be- 
 sides, placed more conveniently on the saddle, being at 
 the back of the right leg instead of in front of it. 
 
CHAPTER IV. 
 
 THE FENIAN RAID OF 1866. 
 
 On the 8th March, 1866, the Government, fearing a raid 
 by the Fenians from the neighbouring Republic, ordered 
 out 10,000 men of the Volunteers of Canada. The Body 
 Guard received instructions to go into barracks in the 
 Crystal Palace. They remained there till removed from 
 active service on the 27th of the same month. On the 
 17th March the troop was ordered, to remain in barracks, 
 the horses saddled in case of any breach of the peace; but 
 everything passed off quietly. On being taken off active 
 service they received orders to drill two days a week till 
 further orders. 
 
 This was done up to the last of May. The next 
 month, when the Fenians crossed at Fort Erie, the 
 whole Volunteer force of Upper and Lower Canada 
 were again ordered out. The Body Guard received their 
 orders from Major-General Napier at about three on Fri- 
 day afternoon, the 1st June. It was the last corps or- 
 dered out in Toronto, and was nevertheless the first in Fort 
 Erie. It was all ready waiting orders to move at 12 o'clock 
 the same night, although some of the men lived as much 
 as twelve or fifteen miles apart. During the night orders 
 
26 HISTORICAL RECORD. 
 
 were received to embark at 7 a.m. on the steamer " City 
 of Toronto," for the Niagara frontier. 
 
 On Saturday morning about 8 o'clock the steamer put off, 
 arriving at Port Dalhousie about 11 a.m. Here news was 
 received of the fighting going on at Ridgeway, and telegra- 
 phic orders awaited the corps from Col. Peacocke, of the 
 1 6th Regiment, who commanded the forces on the Niagara 
 frontier, to move on as soon as possible by train to Port 
 Robinson. A train was soon in readiness to convey the 
 men and horses there by the Welland Railway, thus sav- 
 ing about two hours, besides relieving the horses of so 
 much fatigue. An order was telegraphed ahead to have 
 meals prepared and forage ready for men and horses in 
 half an hour's time. Not long after getting into Port 
 Robinson, the troop might have been seen marching down 
 the road to Chippewa. The troop reached that village in 
 an hour and a half. Lieut., Col. John Hilly ard Cameron, 
 of the Sedentary Militia, who was assisting Col. Pea- 
 cocke as a staff officer informed Lieut.-Col Gr. T. Denison 
 (Hey don Villa) that the force under the command of 
 Col. Peacocke was encamped at New Germany, and 
 would be likely to remain there some hours, and advis- 
 ed a halt for a time, to rest the men and horses until it 
 got cooler. 
 
 Many of the horses having lost shoes through the 
 march, and the hard riding of the previous night, it 
 was deemed advisable to do so. During this delay, as 
 there was no stabling convenient, oats were purchased, 
 and the men fed their horses on the road-side, or on the 
 
THE FENIAN RAID OF 1866. 27 
 
 side-walks. It was quite a picturesque sight to see the 
 men sitting and lying about the street, some watching 
 the horses feeding, while others took advantage of the 
 halt to throw themselves on the grass and snatch a few 
 minutes' sleep, as they had had none the previous night ; 
 while others again were busy in a blacksmith's shop, 
 shoeing horses, and sharpening the swords for more 
 active work. All the horses' shoes were put in order, 
 some twenty-five requiring attention. In accordance 
 with orders received, six men were left at Chippewa. 
 At 4.30 p.m.the"Mount" was sounded, the troop moving 
 on to join Col. Peacocke's column at New Germany. 
 Lieut. -Col. Denison marched by the Sodom road, which 
 runs through the interior a good way back from the river, 
 and is much more direct than the road along the bank, 
 which was taken by the other troops under Col. Pea- 
 cocke. The corps arrived at the village, with the horses 
 much jaded, between five and six o'clock, just as the 
 main column was moving off on the road to Sbephens- 
 ville. The troop was at once sent forward, by Col. Pea- 
 cocke's orders, to form the advance guard. Notwith- 
 standing the tired condition of the horses, the corps was 
 moved rapidly to the front, the men of the artillery and 
 infantry, both regulars and volunteers, cheering them 
 most heartily as they passed. The column moved on in 
 that formation, the " Body Guard " throwing out feelers 
 to the right and left, until near Bowen's farm they felt 
 the Fenian pickets at about dusk. At this time the ad- 
 vanced files of the troop noticed some men in the road 
 
28 HISTORICAL RECORD. 
 
 in front of them, at a place where the bush met on both 
 sides, and that they were gradually disappearing. A. 
 question was also raised by some farmers at the same 
 time as to which road would be the best to take, 
 on account of a bridge on one being reported to be 
 broken. 
 
 Word was sent back to Col. Peacocke, and a halt 
 was ordered. The troops sent out two patrols, one to 
 the front, and another down a side-line to the right, 
 the farmers of the neighbourhood having said that the 
 Fenians were lying just off and had been reinforced. Col. 
 Peacocke, fearing an ambush, sent on these parties to pa- 
 trol through the bush to try and draw the fire of the 
 Fenians and to discover their strength. But the patrols 
 were allowed to pass through and back unmolested — then 
 two infantry companies of the line were extended to 
 skirmish through the bush to beat them up. However, 
 by this time it had become so dark that the men could 
 make little, if any, progress, as they stumbled over stumps, 
 logs, and into bog-holes continually ; it was neces- 
 sary to recall them which was done, and the different 
 corps received orders to camp under arms until day- 
 light. 
 
 Lieut. -Colonel Geo. T. Denison, of Heydon Villa, in his 
 " History of the Fenian Raid," thus describes the work 
 that day : " After marching about nine miles, it began to 
 get dusk just as the advance guard arrived at a point on the 
 road where the woods (after skirting it on both sides for 
 nearly a mile, at the distance of about 600 or 700 yards) 
 
THE FENIAN RAID OF 1866. 29 
 
 came close up on both sides, leaving only the road allow- 
 ance clear through for about a quarter of a mile. 
 
 " The cavalry advanced files, on arriving within about 
 200 yards of where the woods came up to the road, 
 noticed a body of men standing in the opening. They 
 immediately halted, and signalled back that men were in 
 sight. I galloped on to the front, and inquiring from 
 my men, heard that a force was in front, and continually 
 dropping into the woods on the right, and on looking 
 myself saw that it was so. Col. Peacocke, soon after, 
 also galloped up, and on learning the cause of the halt 
 requested me to send two men on to reconnoitre more 
 closely. By this time nearly all had gone into the woods 
 on the right. I rode on with Cornet F. C. Denison and 
 three men, and detaching him with two to go down a 
 side road to the right, rode on myself with the other to 
 where we saw in the dusk a vidette standing where the 
 others had been. He also moved into the woods while 
 we were yet some distance from him. We rode on about 
 150 yards through the woods, but by this time it had got 
 so late that I could see nothing under the trees, it being 
 much darker there than in the open road. They did not 
 fire on us, consequently I could form no opinion of their 
 position or probable numbers. I therefore returned to 
 Col. Peacocke and reported that I could see nothing, 
 suggesting to him that as their outposts should properly 
 have fired upon us to alarm their camp, their not having 
 done so was a sign their force were on the alert, and 
 the place being so suitable it seemed to point to an 
 
30 HISTORICAL RECORD. 
 
 ambuscade, and that I thought the wood should be 
 searched. 
 
 " Colonel Peacocke seemed to have had a somewhat simi- 
 lar opinion, as in my absence he had sent for two com- 
 panies of the 16th (regulars) to come up to search the 
 bush, the main force being some distance in the rear. 
 While we were speaking the two companies came up, and 
 I went on with Col. Peacocke, who moved with them to 
 direct their movements. They opened out to the right 
 of the road to skirmishing distance, and moved on to the 
 front. It was so dark by this time that the men could not, 
 in the woods, see from one to the other ; and there being a 
 great deal of tangled brush and logs, and being very marshy 
 and wet, the men could make no headway whatever. 
 
 " At this time, while I was sitting close beside Col. 
 Peacocke, a voice in the dark said, ' You can't go down that 
 way, sir.' On looking closely we saw that it was a farmer 
 living about a quarter of a mile back, who had given us 
 some information as we passed. Col. Peacocke asked him 
 why not. He answered, ' The bridge is broken.' The 
 colonel questioned him closely, and he adhered to it 
 positively, that he could not get through. This infor- 
 mation, together with the inability of the skirmishers to 
 make their way through the woods, decided Col. Pea- 
 cocke to halt until daybreak." 
 
 The correspondent of the Buffalo Express, travelling 
 with the Fenians, in his letter the next day to that paper, 
 shows that the men the advanced guard had seen were Fen- 
 ian sentries, and that they had been obliged by the troops 1 
 
THE FENIAN RAID OF 1866. 31 
 
 ad van ce either to fight or else to beat a graceful retreat. In 
 this account, which was copied into many other papers, he 
 said : " All the sick and wounded, mentioned elsewhere as 
 " lying at Lewis' House and the Erie and Niagara Railway 
 " Station, were abandoned : not only this, but so rapid was 
 " the conception and execution of the plan of retreat, 
 " that no notice was given to the picket lines extended 
 " along the bank of the river. At the time our reporter 
 " left Black Eock, 3.30 a. m., the news had reached the 
 ' outposts, and a portion of the sentinels were already 
 u on the American side. Row boats were then crossing 
 " the river, evidently propelled with a vigour stimulated 
 " by fear ; and upon the further shore considerable groups 
 " of excited Fenians could be seen waiting their turn for 
 " transportation. So great was the eagerness to cross, 
 " that many trusted to a single plank as a means of sup- 
 u port, and two small docks on the shore were completely 
 " stripped for this purpose. Great indignation was mani- 
 " fested by the men who had been stationed on outpost 
 " duty, at being deserted by their comrades as they were. 
 li Had it not been for the approach of a detachment of British 
 " cavalry driving them in, it is probable that none of them 
 " would have learned of the evacuation in time to escape." 
 That night the men bivouacked, lying on the 
 sides of the road and in the fields adjoining, wearing 
 their accoutrements, and having their arms beside them, 
 the horses of the artillery and of the " Body Guard " 
 still with their harness and saddles on, all ready, in case 
 of a night alarm, to move into action at once. Some of 
 
32 HISTORICAL RECORD. 
 
 the officers made their beds that night on the soft side of 
 a pile of rails, rather than on the grass, which was co- 
 vered with dew. It being in June, very few of the offi- 
 cers or men had their greatcoats, they being left with 
 the baggage during the forced march. 
 
 During the night it was evident a number of signals were 
 going on between the Fenians on the Canadian side and 
 their allies on the United States side of the river as a quan- 
 tity of rockets were being discharged during a greater part 
 of the night, but the meaning of them we had no means of 
 guessing, but learned afterwards they were signals for trans- 
 ports to take the Fenians on the Canada side back again. 
 At about five o'clock on Sunday morning, after getting a 
 hard-tack biscuit served out to each man (the first meal 
 received since the dinner at Chippewa), in compliance 
 with an order received from Col. Peacocke to push on to 
 Fort Erie to reconnoitre, and to send back information, 
 the Body Guard was immediately pressed on to the front, 
 and on nearing the Lower Ferry a scow was discovered out 
 in the centre of the Niagara River densely packed with 
 Fenians, under the charge of the United States revenue 
 cutter " Michigan." It was reported again by farmers 
 along the road that the Fenians were in numbers 
 on the right, and that these men on the scow were 
 a reinforcement. Scouts or patrols were then sent 
 out to the right and right front. Lt.-Col. G. T. Denison, 
 in his History referred to, thus relates what happened : — 
 
 " I at once moved on with my command down the road 
 leading to the Lower Ferry, and inquired from all the farmers 
 
THE FENIAN RAID OF 1866. 33 
 
 that I met the position and numbers of the Fenians. It was 
 only about 5 a.m., and not many people were stirring ; but 
 they all agreed in stating that a large force of Fenians were 
 in the woods on our right, where we had heard they were the 
 night before. These stories were so confirmed by every one 
 I saw that by the time I reached the river I felt rather confi- 
 dent that my retreat to Colonel Peacocke's column was cut 
 off. On coming in sight of the river we saw a scow black 
 with men crowded upon it, who had just been emptying their 
 rifles into the stream. Wishing to obtain accurate informa- 
 tion before sending back to Colonel Peacocke, I went to a gen- 
 tleman who lived almost opposite to where the scow was 
 lying, and was told by him that the men on it were a rein- 
 forcement which had been prevented from crossing, and that 
 the Fenians were still on our side. This mistake was occa- 
 sioned by the fact that the tug, after capturing the scow up 
 the river, took it down by the American side, and then turned 
 outwards and moved over to the middle of the stream, where 
 it was moored ; seeing it came from the far side, he concluded 
 it was a reinforcement. Fearing that Colonel Peacocke might 
 be under the impression they had gone, and feeling that my 
 command was cut off from his force, I sent an orderly to him, 
 at full speed, with the substance of the information I had re- 
 ceived, sending back, at the same time, a small patrol to give 
 notice of any force that might attempt to close round our rear, 
 and also detached a number of scouts into the interior, to the 
 right, and up the river road towards Fort Erie, to search the 
 woods and give notice of the approach of the enemy, whilst 
 I proceeded up the bank in search of a boat, in order to go 
 on board the i Michigan. 5 By the kindness of Mr. Molesworth, 
 civil engineer, I was enabled to reach the l Michigan, 'and was 
 informed by Captain Bryson that the men he had captured 
 D 
 
34 HISTORICAL RECORD. 
 
 were the main force that had been in Canada, and that he 
 did not believe there were many left. On reaching the 
 shore, I sent a despatch to Colonel Peacocke, stating these 
 facts, and stating that the first information I had sent him 
 was incorrect. This despatch was about fifteen minutes after 
 the first. 
 
 " Recalling some of the scouts, we then proceeded on the 
 gallop up the river towards Fort Erie, being informed by the 
 people we met that a number of Fenians were still there. 
 On coming in sight of the village we saw men dodging in 
 every direction, but when we got up nearly all were hidden 
 or gone ; muskets, bayonets and belts were scattered along 
 the road, where men had dropped them in their flight. A 
 few prisoners were taken by us, and the wounded were placed 
 under a guard. Here we saw a number of the men who had 
 been captured in the fight in Fort Erie ; they received us 
 with great manifestations of delight. We ourselves were 
 greatly relieved on seeing them, as news had arrived in the 
 camp the night before to the effect that the whole command, 
 with the exception of four, had been killed and thrown into 
 the river. After placing guards over the prisoners and over 
 the arms, which were lying on the dock, the men and horses 
 were billeted in the taverns, as both were nearly used up by 
 about forty hours' almost continuous exertions. We reached 
 Fort Erie about 6 a.m. 
 
 A number of wounded Fenians fell into the hands of 
 the troop, and were kindly treated ; one man had a 
 very bad bayonet wound in his neck, received from a 
 man of Captain King's battery, showing they had got to 
 pretty close quarters. In the offices of the Erie and 
 Niagara Railway were found in one room some four or 
 
THE FENIAN RAID OF 1866. 35 
 
 five wounded Fenians, and Welland Battery men, lying 
 on the floor. One poor fellow had had his leg amputated 
 at the thigh the day before ; his doctor must have been 
 either too lazy or too busy to remove the amputated limb, 
 for there it was lying, rather withered up, under the 
 table — a constant reminder to the man and those lying 
 about him of what had happened. After our arrival 
 some good woman carried it off. and, after much fretting 
 and grieving, gave it a private burial on her own account. 
 
 About an hour after getting into Fort Erie, Colonel 
 Wolseley, now Major-General Sir Garnet Wolseley, C.B., 
 K. C. M. G., came in, preceding Colonel Lowry's column, 
 and afterwards followed Colonel Peacocke with the rest 
 of the force. Colonel Lowry took command of the com- 
 bined forces, being the senior officer on the ground. The 
 next morning the whole force was ordered into camp on 
 the high ground in rear of the village ; pickets were placed 
 all along the river and back of the camp ; also two cavalry 
 pickets from the Body Guard at the Upper and Lower 
 Ferry. 
 
 During the night of the 5th a false alarm was caused 
 through one of the infantry sentries firing a shot at some 
 object. This being followed by other shots alarmed the 
 camp. Although this alarm was totally unexpected, the 
 Body Guard turned out in an incredibly short space 
 of time. The horses were saddled and the men 
 mounted, ready to move, before the adjoining infantry 
 battalions had fallen in. Lieut. -Colonel Denison (Hey- 
 don Villa), not having confidence in the vigilance of the 
 
36 HISTORICAL RECORD. 
 
 outposts, during the first three or four days, while 7,000 
 Fenians were on the other side of the river, had ordered 
 his men to sleep fully accoutred j the consequence was, 
 that although a cavalry corps, the men were mounted and 
 formed in front of the camp some time before the other 
 corps were ready. The brigade remained under arms for 
 about an hour, until the cause of the mistake was dis- 
 covered. 
 
 On the 4th June, Sergeant-major Orlando Dunn rejoined 
 the troop, with a detachment of thirteen men under his 
 command. About the 15th June, the St. Catharines cavalry 
 having been moved down to Port Colborne, was ordered 
 to send a detachment to Ridgeway, and the Body Guard 
 were ordered to establish a post half-way between Fort 
 Erie and Ridgeway, so that communication could be kept 
 up by cavalry patrols with Port Colborne. On the 20th 
 June orders came for the whole volunteer force to pro- 
 ceed to their homes. The troop returned by the steamer 
 " City of Toronto," and marched through town on the 
 way up to the barracks. Many of the men carried 
 with them Fenian rifles and accoutrements — one had a 
 Fenian drum in front of his horse as a trophy. The 
 streets were crowded with the citizens, and on every side 
 the volunteers were greeted with cheers and waving of 
 handkerchiefs. On the 25th June the following resolu- 
 tion of welcome to the commanding officer was passed 
 unanimously in the Toronto City Council : 
 
 "That whereas this Corporation felt pleasure in recording 
 " by their resolution of the 4th June, that no less than four 
 
THE FENIAN RAID OF 1866. 37 
 
 " members of this Board were at the frontier in response to 
 " the recent call to arms of the volunteers, they now desire 
 il to convey to those gentlemen— namely, Councilman Major 
 " Boxall, of the 10th Royals, Councilman Major Denison, of 
 "the Governor-General's Body Guard, Councilman Captain 
 " Boustead, of the Queen's Own, and Councilman Parker, of 
 1 ' the Toronto Naval Brigade — their congratulations on the 
 61 active part they have severally had the privilege of taking 
 " in the recent military movements, and a warm welcome on 
 " their safe return to their civic and social duties." 
 
 Shortly after this, on the 28tli June, the inhabitants 
 of the Village of Weston and surrounding neighbourhood 
 got up a banquet to the officers, non-commissioned offi- 
 cers and men of the Body Guard as a compliment to the 
 corps, and to show their good feeling towards it. As 
 this was an interesting event in the history of the troop, 
 and exhibits the respect paid to the corps on account of 
 its age and of its services, it would be well to give the 
 report verbatim, as contained in the Globe newspaper of 
 the following day : — 
 
 " The inhabitants of Weston gave a supper to the Gover- 
 nor-General's Body Guard on the 28th instant, which was a 
 very stylish affair, and, as a mark of honour to the men, was 
 exceedingly gratifying to them. The idea of giving the 
 demonstration was not entertained till some three or four 
 days before it actually came off ; but the people set to work 
 with a will, subscribed liberally, and succeeded in getting up 
 a very handsome affair indeed. ' Mine host ' of the Kempt 
 Hotel was caterer on the occasion, and got through his part of 
 the duty in a creditable manner ; and the Committee of 
 Arrangements, with Mr. E. J. Musson's very valuable assis- 
 
38 HISTORICAL RECORD. 
 
 tance, did capital work in the brief period at their disposal. 
 Shortly after eight o'clock p. m. the men of the York Cavalry, 
 or Governor-General's Body Guard, drew up in front of 
 Kempt's Hotel and marched down to the spacious marquee, 
 erected near the Humber, where the supper was laid out. 
 Here about 250 persons were soon seated, and devoting their 
 attention to the eatables. The Berwick band, which was 
 engaged for the occasion, discoursed excellent music, and 
 gave a liberal allowance of it, too, at intervals during the 
 evening. Mr. W. Tyrrell, J. P., occupied the chair, and the 
 vice-chairs were filled by Dr. Bull, Mr. H. J. Boulton, and 
 Mr. Miles. On the right of the chairman sat Colonel Deni- 
 son ; Capt. Scoble, Acting Brigade Major, 5th District ; Capt. 
 G. T. Musson, No. 5 Company, 10th Royals ; Cornet F. C. 
 Denison, Mr. E. J. Musson ; on the left of the chair there 
 were Major Geo. T. Denison ; Adjutant Otter, Queen's Own ; 
 Lieut. Denison, York Cavalry ; Capt. E. H. Brown, No. 3 
 Company, 10th Royals ; Dr. De LaHooke, Surgeon, York 
 Cavalry ; Cornet Baldwin, Rev. U. F. English, Dr. Lizars, 
 Mr. J. R. Bull, Mr. Gracey, Mr. C. Mills ; Mr. B. Bull, 
 Reeve, Township of York ; F. R. Wadsworth, T. H. Musson 
 and T. H. Bull. We also noticed present F. A. Howland, 
 James Connor, E. Musson, senr., D. McFarland, J. B. 
 Gracey, J. A. Donaldson, Alan Gray, R. Johnston, post- 
 master ; Wm. R. Holley, R. Wood, Drs. Savage and Hickey. 
 In rising to propose the first toast, the chairman said that it 
 gave him great pleasure to see so large an assemblage present. 
 It displayed in Weston the same spirit of true British loyalty 
 which prevailed indeed throughout the Province. The en- 
 thusiastic demonstration that evening had been got up on 
 merely a few days' notice. Had they taken more time to the 
 matter, or, better still, had they left it in the hands of the 
 
THE FENIAN RAID OF 1866. 39 
 
 ladies of the village, the volunteers would perhaps have re- 
 ceived a more acceptable entertainment. The chairman then 
 read letters of apology from Rev. W. A. Johnston, Major 
 Goodwin, J. W. Gamble and others, and concluded by giving 
 as the first toast, " The Queen," which was received with all 
 honours. 
 
 Band, " God Save the Queen." 
 
 " The Prince and Princess of Wales and the Royal Family" 
 followed. 
 
 Mr. Edward Miles proposed as the next toast, " The Gov- 
 ernor-General." Toast enthusiastically responded to. 
 
 Dr. Bull then gave " The Army and Navy." The 
 toast was one, he said, in which they would all no 
 doubt enthusiastically join. An enemy had invaded their 
 shores and evoked a military spirit from end to end of the 
 Province, which did Canada infinite credit. As regarded 
 the Army, all the volunteers were fitly included in that 
 part of the toast, while the Navy of Canada might be said 
 to be as yet represented by that little tug on the Niagara 
 river — the ' ' Robb " — and of the achievements of the gallant 
 little band of men who sailed in her during the invasion 
 Canada would ever be proud. (Loud cheers.) 
 
 Colonel Denison being called on said that, although not 
 belonging to the Army or Navy, it gave him much pleasure 
 to return thanks for the manner in which the toast had been 
 responded to. 
 
 The Chairman then gave the toast of the evening, " The 
 Governor-General's Body Guard." 
 Band, " The British Grenadiers." 
 
 Major Geo. T. Denison responded. It was, he said, pecu- 
 liarly gratifying to him to do so. It was with pleasure he ac- 
 knowledged the handsome manner in which the people of 
 
40 HISTORICAL RECORD. 
 
 Weston had received them on their return from the theatre 
 of war. His position as commanding officer of the senior 
 corps in all Canada was one of which he felt proud, and as 
 commanding officer of the senior cavalry corps he felt more 
 proud still. His sympathies as a cavalry officer were with 
 that arm of the service, and since the late invasion he was 
 more convinced than ever that their services were greatly 
 needed in Canada. When he first entered the volunteer ser- 
 vice it was thought little of. People looked upon their move- 
 ments as playing at soldiers ; and from that time for five long 
 years the volunteers worked under every disadvantage. Then 
 came the " Trent" affair, since which time the position of the 
 volunteers had been materially changed for the better. For 
 a series of years the force was a very small one-^-now it num- 
 bered some 35,000. But he was sorry to note that the cav- 
 alry branch of the service did not receive that attention it 
 deserved. That force had diminished so that now they form- 
 ed only about one-seventieth part of the volunteer force. 
 The best military writers maintain that the proportion ought 
 to be one-fourth, certainly not less than one-tenth, and yet 
 in Canada it was only one-seventieth. This showed that the 
 cavalry force did not receive that consideration from the 
 Government to which it was entitled. That branch of the ser- 
 vice had been neglected in many ways, and then, because 
 they were not so efficient as the other corps, blame was at- 
 tached to them, whereas in reality the blame lay with the 
 Government. He trusted that in this respect the result of the 
 little campaign in which they had been lately engaged would 
 be a lesson to them. When the forces were ordered out, he 
 would explain, not one cavalry corps was ordered for service 
 to the front. (Hear. ) Consequently a whole day was lost. 
 On Friday afternoon he first received orders to turn out the 
 
THE FENIAN RAID OF 1866. 41 
 
 corps under his command for the front. Not a moment was 
 lost by them in making their way there ; for although start- 
 ing 18 hours after the last corps left Toronto, they got into 
 Fort Erie two hours before the first corps got there. (Loud 
 cheers.) The corps in the neighbourhood of St. Catharines 
 and Grimsby did not come up for some days after. With 
 all the expedition used by his corps they were still too late — 
 something which they could all see was much to be regretted. 
 Had they been on the march with Col. Peacocke he would 
 have known where the enemy were — would have known 
 where to effect a junction with Col. Booker, and would not 
 have let the Fenians get between his men and Col. Booker's. 
 Canada is perhaps the only country on the face of the globe 
 where a large force, such as that dispatched to Fort Erie, 
 would be sent out without cavalry. But he did not think the 
 same mistake would be repeated. In future the services of 
 cavalry would be appreciated. (Cheers.) Major Denison, 
 after some further remarks, went on to say that if there was 
 one thought more than any other which made him uneasy 
 during the march to Fort Erie, it was whether or not he 
 should bring all his men back. He felt that in an hour or 
 two a great many lives might depend on the way in which he 
 handled them. They pressed forward eagerly, and when he 
 saw the way they rode past the column at New Germany af- 
 ter the Fenians, he felt that the men would follow him 
 anywhere. Eleven of the troopers — as fine men as were in it 
 — were from Weston. (Cheers.) The Fenian trouble was 
 not probably at an end yet, and if ever they came again he 
 hoped the Government would send forward cavalry at once. 
 Having again returned thanks, Major Denison resumed his 
 seat amid loud cheers. 
 
 Mr. Henry John Boulton, in proposing the next toast, said 
 
42 HISTORICAL RECORD. 
 
 it had been feared at one time that Canadians were lacking 
 in some of the elements necessary to constitute a nation, but 
 the late danger had dispelled that delusion. As one man, 
 the volunteers had sprung to arms on the first alarm of dan- 
 ger ; and in every way Canadians showed themselves willing 
 and prepared to maintain their liberty. Their whole action 
 during the late raids, and the noble conduct of their volun- 
 teer force, had demonstrated that the country to which they 
 belonged was fitted to take her place among the nations of the 
 earth — (cheers) — and no doubt she would do so at a future 
 time. The toast which he had been called on to propose was 
 " The Volunteer Force of Canada." That force had evinced 
 that Canadians had the right material among them — (cheers) 
 — and as " Lundy's Lane" was the cry of the heroes of 
 1812, so hereafter would " Ridge way " be the rallying cry of 
 the men of 1866. He eulogized the valiant conduct of the 
 University boys, the Queen's Own and the Highland Company 
 at Ridgeway, and concluded by proposing the toast, i ' The 
 Volunteer Force of Canada," making special mention of the 
 Queen's Own and 10th Royals. 
 
 Colonel Denison, being called on, returned thanks as 
 senior volunteer officer of Upper Canada. He had been in 
 the force over thirty-three years, during the greater part of 
 which time, beyond getting authority to organize corps, very 
 little encouragement was given to the force. Very different 
 was it now, when the force was armed, clothed and equipped 
 by the Government, and when people vied with each other 
 to do the volunteers honour. (Cheers.) From the Report 
 of the Adjutant-General, he was glad to see that that au- 
 thority had changed his opinion as to the Volunteer Force 
 being of no value, and was now persuaded it was the best 
 that could be raised for the defence of Canada. In less than 
 
THE FENIAN RAID OF 1866. 43 
 
 ten hours, some 14,000 men were ready to take the field, 
 although only 10,000 had been called out. (Cheers.) The 
 conduct of the volunteers, too, while on service was of the 
 most creditable character, and in every way exemplary. In 
 regard to the corps to which special honour was done that 
 evening, he might mention that it had been raised forty-five 
 years ago by his father, had been commanded by himself, 
 and was now in the hands of his son, and he (Col. Denison) 
 was pleased to see present one of the first volunteers in that 
 corps, who served in it some forty-five years ago — Mr. E. 
 Musson, sen. One circumstance on which he (Col. Denison) 
 prided himself was that the corps had always been known 
 as " Denison's Troop," and he hoped it might continue to 
 be so for years to come. (Cheers.) 
 
 Captain Otter, of the Queen's Own, was also called on, and 
 replied in appropriate terms. 
 
 Captain Thurston, as representing the 10th Royals, re- 
 sponded on their behalf, stating in the course of his remarks 
 that the only thing which the 10th had to regret was that 
 they had not been ordered to the front as soon as the Queen's 
 Own. 
 
 This closed the regular list of toasts, when a number of 
 volunteer toasts were proposed and responded to. 
 
 Mr. J. A. Donaldson, in a very neat speech, proposed " The 
 Staff," coupling therewith the name of Capt. Scoble, who 
 was Acting Brigade-Major in Col. Dennis's place, the latter 
 being at Fort Erie . 
 
 Captain Scoble replied. ' ' The Medical Profession " was 
 given, and responded to by Dr. Lizars. Mr. E. Musson, 
 sen., in allusion to remarks from some of the previous speak- 
 ers, eulogized the York Cavalry in a spirited speech. The 
 
44 HISTORICAL RECORD. 
 
 toast of ' ' The Ladies " was responded to by Mr. T. P. Wads- 
 worth, and soon after the assembly dispersed. 
 
 Afterwards, on the 18th day of July, 1866, the City 
 of Toronto gave a public dinner to the whole Volunteer 
 Force, of the city, including the Governor-General's Body 
 Guard and the following Address was presented to the 
 Force : — 
 
 "TO 
 
 "COLONEL GEOEGE T. DENISON, 
 
 " COMMANDANT OF THE TORONTO MILITARY DISTRICT, 
 
 " &c, &c, &c, 
 
 " AND THE COMMANDING OFFICERS, AND OFFICERS AND MEN OF 
 " THE VOLUNTEER FORCE OF THE CITY OF TORONTO. 
 
 " The Mayor and Corporation, on behalf of themselves and 
 " your fellow- citizens generally, avail themselves of this, the 
 " first, opportunity afforded them since your return from 
 " active service in the field, to express their feeling of admi- 
 " ration of your noble and self-sacrificing conduct in promptly 
 " leaving your families, your homes and your business, at a 
 " few hours' notice, to repel a band of Fenian marauders from 
 " the neighbouring States. 
 
 " We desire to assure you of the heartfelt gratitude we feel 
 " towards you in your thus imperilling your lives in defence 
 u of our common country, and especially towards your gallant 
 " comrades in arms whose lot it was to meet and hold in check 
 "the daring foe. We feel proud that this city should have 
 " given to the defence of our country men so capable of 
 " maintaining the reputation and courage and daring of the 
 1 ' British people. 
 
 ' ' It is to us, however, a matter of the prof oundest sorrow 
 
THE FENIAN RAID OF 1866. 45 
 
 " that we have to mingle with this, our address of thanks and 
 " congratulations, that deep grief of the loss of the ' Queen's 
 "Own" in those valuable lives that have been sacrificed in 
 " repelling so unworthy a foe, and that a deep obligation 
 * ' rests upon us to protect those, near and dear to you, whom 
 "the fate of battle has deprived of their natural protectors. 
 
 1 ' While we cannot but thus proudly refer to this gallant 
 " corps and its associates, whom chance brought first in 
 "contact with the enemy, we would, also, express our con- 
 " viction that had it fallen to the lot either of the gallant ' 10th 
 " Royals,' the ' Governor-General's Body Guard of York Cav- 
 " airy,' the ' Naval Brigade,' or the ' Toronto Field Bat- 
 " tery,' to have been in the field with their brothers of the 
 " Queen's Own, they would equally have maintained the 
 " honour of our city and our volunteer soldiers. 
 
 " In the past you have done well — done and suffered nobly 
 " — and in the future we feel assured you will not fail. The 
 " eyes of your fellow-citizens and of the Province — nay, of 
 "the Empire — are upon you, and with you, you have the 
 1 ' prayers, as well as the admiration, of the people. May 
 " God bless you, and, f if again called to defend our country, 
 " prosper your arms. 
 
 (Signed) "F.H. Metcalf, 
 
 Mayor. 
 Council Chamber, City of Toronto, 
 "18th July, 1866." 
 
CHAPTER V. 
 
 OUTPOST DUTY AND SUBSEQUENT CAMPS. 
 
 In the month of August the Fenian brotherhood ad- 
 vertised that they intended having a large picnic at Black- 
 rock, on the Niagara Eiver, below Buffalo. The Govern- 
 ment, fearing this was a blind and meant to cover an 
 attack on Canada, issued orders for the formation of a 
 camp at Thorold, on the Welland Canal, to be under the 
 command of Colonel Wolseley, to consist of one wing of 
 the 16th Regiment, four guns of the Royal Artillery, two 
 battalions of infantry, and a troop of volunteer cavalry. 
 The volunteers it was intended should here put in their 
 annual drill of eight days. The Body Guard received 
 orders to leave on the 14th August, together with the 
 first infantry corps, for Thorold. They remained on the 
 Niagara frontier, forming a chain of outposts from Ridge- 
 way to Chippewa, during the whole time of the camp, 
 which lasted some two months. The Cobourg Cavalry, 
 under command of Lieut.-Col. D'Arcy E. Boulton, also 
 put in their eight days' drill at Thorold, but no other cav- 
 alry. The post at Ridgeway was commanded by Corporal 
 Winstanley, of the Body Guard : Fort Erie, by Lieut. 
 E. P. Denison : Black Creek, by Sergt. Stock : Chippewa, 
 by Sergeant-Major Dunn : Thorold, by the writer. This 
 
OUTPOST DUTY AND SUBSEQUENT CAMPS. 47 
 
 order was varied slightly afterwards, and during the last 
 few weeks of the camp Corporal Bond and a small party 
 were posted at Port Robinson. Colonel Wolseley in his 
 report of the camp to the Adjutant- General of Militia 
 says : — 
 
 "One troop of volunteer cavalry, the Governor-General's 
 Body Guard, commanded by Lieut. -Colonel Denison, 
 was distributed into small posts from Ridgeway to 
 Chippewa, following the lake shore and river. By 
 them that arduous duty was most efficiently performed, 
 and reflects the greatest credit upon that troop and the 
 officer commanding it." 
 
 The Body Guard was relieved from duty on the 6th 
 October. The annual drill for the following year, 1867, 
 was put in near Toronto. On the 1st October of that 
 year Colonel Jenyns, C.B., commanding the 13th Hussars, 
 was authorized to open a cavalry school for officers, non- 
 commissioned officers and men of the volunteer cavalry 
 of the Province ; two from each troop were allowed to 
 enter in the first squad ; Cornet Denison and Sergeant- 
 Major Dunn entered on that day from the Body Guard. 
 Sergeants James and Winstanley entered the following 
 week ; many more from the Body Guard joined subse- 
 quently, while the school was in operation, and obtained 
 certificates ; altogether about twenty of the troop went 
 through the school. 
 
 In July of the following year, Lieut.-Col. G. T. Denison 
 (Heydon Villa) published in London, England, his work on 
 11 Modern Cavalry : Its Organization, Armament and Em- 
 
48 HISTORICAL RECORD. 
 
 ployment in War," which was afterwards translated into 
 German and very favourably reviewed by both the English 
 and German press. About the same time he forwarded his 
 resignation of his commission in the volunteer force to the 
 Adjutant-General of Militia, as he declined to serve in the 
 force while Sir George Cartier was Minister of Militia. This 
 was caused by his dissatisfaction at the manner in which 
 he was treated by Sir George in an interview that took 
 place between them. It was accepted, and in August, 
 1868, he was gazetted out. Lieut. Edwin P. Denison, 
 of Weston, became captain; Cornet Fred. C. Denison, 
 Lieutenant; and Sergeant-Major Orlando Dunn was 
 gazetted to the cornetcy — the commissions to date 
 from the 18th August, the date of Lieut.- Colonel G. T. 
 Denison's retiring. 
 
 In the fall of the same year, on the 8th October, 
 the Body Guard, the Oakridge, Markham, Burford, 
 St. Catharines and Grimsby troops were ordered to 
 report themselves in Toronto, to go into a camp of 
 instruction about to be formed for cavalry and artillery, 
 under Colonel Jenyns, C.B., and Colonel Anderson. 
 This was the first instance of the camps in connec- 
 tion with the volunteer force, which have since become 
 a yearly occurrence all over Canada. The cavalry put in 
 their eight days' drill under that gallant officer, Colonel 
 Jenyns, learning a good deal of practical work from him. 
 Cornet Morrisey, the adjutant of the 13th Hussars, acted 
 as adjutant for the volunteer cavalry. A noticeable in- 
 cident of this camp in connection with the " Body Guard," 
 
OUTPOST DUTY AND SUBSEQUENT CAMPS. 49 
 
 and one greatly to their credit, was this. According to 
 the usual custom in the army, the adjutant, at the in- 
 spection of the guard, selected the cleanest man of all 
 the troops on parade for Colonel Jenyns' orderly. Singu- 
 larly enough, every day without one exception a mem- 
 ber of the Body Guard was called out and placed on that 
 duty, as being the neatest and cleanest man, notwith- 
 standing the determined efforts made by other troops to 
 take it from them. 
 
 In the year 1871, the officers of the Body Guard im- 
 ported helmets from England made of German silver, 
 with a white horsehair plume, supplying them to the 
 men at cost price. After they arrived the uniform was 
 altered somewhat from the old style, and a tunic 
 adopted something between a heavy dragoon and a lancer 
 one, with a plain front except a binding of white braid (or 
 of silver for the officers) all round the edge, presenting 
 a very neat and handsome appearance. The Militia De- 
 partment, at the request of the officers commanding, 
 ordered out sufficient to supply the Body Guard that 
 year j since then, however, we have been informed they 
 are generally adopting the same pattern tunic for all the 
 cavalry, as it can be made up for less than the hussar tunic. 
 
 On the 6th June 1871, the Body Guard turned 
 out under canvas at Niagara for the annual drill. The 
 volunteers in camp of all arms mustered 4,795 men and 
 511 horses. The Body Guard hardly had justice at this 
 camp being short-handed for officers, as the writer had 
 gone on active service the year before as an aide-de-camp 
 
50 HISTORICAL RECORD. 
 
 to Sir Garnet Wolseley, C. B., K. C. M. G., who com- 
 manded the Red River Expeditionary Force, and Cornet 
 Dunn was acting adjutant for the seven troops formed 
 into a provisional cavalry regiment during the camp, 
 while the captain met with a severe accident when 
 riding in a hurdle race, not long after the camp com- 
 menced, that laid him up for the rest of the drill. 
 
 During the fall following the camp an effort was made 
 to have all the cavalry of Western Canada formed into 
 two regiments, one numbered the 1st regiment, and an- 
 other, with headquarters at Toronto, numbered the 2nd 
 regiment. Had the officers of the Governor-Generals, 
 Body Guard consented to this arrangement the result 
 would have been that instead of its being the senior 
 corps in the whole Dominion of Canada, it would have 
 dropped into being a troop of the 2nd regiment, thus 
 taking up a secondary place, and losing perhaps for ever 
 its precedence. The officers of the corps remonstrated 
 strongly against it ; but the district commanding officer 
 had recommended that all the troops including the Body 
 Guard, should be thrown into a regiment. The officers, 
 seeing that something more must be done, and that 
 speedily, or else our precedence given up and allowed to 
 go for ever, a letter to His Excellency Lord Lisgar was 
 prepared, signed by all the officers, requesting him to 
 have the corps left undisturbed, and the writer was de- 
 puted to hand it personally to Lord Lisgar at Ottawa. 
 This was done, and His Excellency was pleased to state 
 that he would see if the matter could not be arranged as 
 
OUTPOST DUTY AND SUBSEQUENT CAMPS. 51 
 
 we desired it. In due course a letter was received from 
 Mr. Turville, the Governor- General's private secretary, 
 saying there would be no difficulty in meeting the wishes 
 of the officers of the Body Guard, and that the position 
 or precedence of the corps would not be changed. 
 
 On the 1st March, 1872, Captain Edwin P. Denison 
 retired, retaininghis rank. Lieut. Fred. C. Denison gotthe 
 command, and Cornet Dunn, his lieutenancy; subsequent- 
 ly, on the 10th May, Clarence A. K. Denison was gazetted 
 cornet. On the 12th June, 1872, the largest camp of 
 volunteers ever assembled in Canada up to this date 
 commenced to gather in Niagara. The parade states of 
 all the corps showed 5,873 officers and men under canvas. 
 The Body Guard was attached for pay and drill purposes 
 to the 2nd regiment of cavalry, and turned out stronger 
 in numbers at muster parade than any other troop pre- 
 sent. They kept up here the traditional reputation of 
 the corps for cleanness and smartness of appearance, as 
 is shown by the following quotations taken from the 
 letters containing the unbiased opinion of the two special 
 correspondents to the Mail and Globe, both ex-officers of 
 the regular army, and men of experience in the field. 
 
 This quotation is from the letter to the Mail of the 1 7th 
 June, 1872: — " A visit to the cavalry camp will show 
 " that branch of the force is getting into shape. They 
 " drilled as a regiment to-day for the first time, their 
 " time hitherto being occupied in riding school drill in 
 "the morning and foot drill in the afternoon. This is in 
 " accordance with the system adopted throughout the 
 
52 HISTORICAL RECORD. 
 
 " camp, and is a vast improvement on last year's plan of 
 " putting the cavalry at the most difficult manoeuvring 
 " before they know the right way of holding a sword or 
 " a horse. The palm in smartness of appearance must 
 " be voted to the Governor-General's Body Guard, who, 
 " however, as I am informed, assume rather too much on 
 " their prestige, and exhibit a disinclination to acknow- 
 " ledge the authority of the officers placed in command 
 " of the whole regiment." This last refers to a difference 
 of opinion between the writer and the officer command- 
 ing the 2nd regiment of cavalry, as to the right of the 
 Body Guard to retain a custom that had always existed 
 in the corps. This was eventually settled in a way per- 
 fectly satisfactory to the troop, and the custom retained. 
 Again this same correspondent, on the 26th June, in 
 writing of the Body Guard says : — " This corps is a good 
 " way ahead of the remainder of the cavalry in regard to 
 " appearance and drill," &c, &c. 
 
 The correspondent of the Globe, in his letter of the 
 22nd June to that paper, goes on to say — " At about 11 
 " o'clock, the line having been formed as it was on 
 " Thursday, with the exception that all the cavalry 
 " and artillery were on the right, the march past coni- 
 " menced. The ground was kept by the Body Guard, 
 " and a wonderful difference was manifest between the 
 "soldierlike way in which it was done to-day compared 
 " to the hurry-scurry galloping of yesterday. Captain 
 " Denison and Lieutenant Dunn were in command, and 
 " instead of being ridden at by a frantic mounted man 
 
OUTPOST DUTY AND SUBSEQUENT CAMPS. 53 
 
 " who had no control of either himself or his horse, the 
 " spectators had the satisfaction of being told where to 
 " go in a civil manner by the men under their command, 
 "without having to risk being ridden down." 
 
 On the 24th June the camp was divided, for the pur- 
 pose of a sham fight, into two forces, an attacking and a 
 defending one — the attacking force was to march out of 
 Niagara about a mile and three-quarters, then each 
 division had orders to wait for a signal gun before 
 moving off their ground. The Body Guard was put with 
 the attacking force, it was told off with an advance guard; 
 and everything ready, so that when the gun fired the 
 word of command was given with " Gallop," and off they 
 went. In no time they came upon part of the opposing 
 body rather unexpectedly, and took a company of rifles — 
 they being declared prisoners by the umpire. These 
 were the only prisoners taken by cavalry. The corres- 
 pondent of the Mail newspaper said : i( Indeed so com- 
 " plete was the surprise that a body of the enemy's cavalry 
 "surrounded and took prisoners a company of riflemen in 
 " the streets of the town/' The attacking force was suc- 
 cessful at .every point and won the day. 
 
 On the 28th the camp was entirely broken up ; the 
 Body Guard and Queen's Own left on the afternoon of 
 the 27th by the steamer " City of Toronto," getting into 
 town between nine and ten at night. They were dis- 
 missed for the night and re-assembled next morning at 
 the Old Fort, when their uniforms were taken in and the 
 men paid off. During the stay of His Excellency Lord 
 
54 HISTORICAL RECORD. 
 
 DufFerin in Toronto, in October, 1872, the Governor- 
 General's Body Guard furnished him with numerous 
 escorts on his arrival and departure, levees, drawing- 
 rooms, &c; and on the night of the grand ball given by 
 His Excellency to the citizens of Toronto, the corps sup- 
 plied a guard to line the entrance hall, where they re- 
 mained during the evening. The troop also furnished 
 escorts for the Lieutenant Governor at the opening and 
 closiug of the Ontario Parliament during that winter. 
 
 On the 3rd June, 1873, the Body Guard turned out 
 under the command of Lieut. Dunn, together with detach- 
 ments from the other volunteer corps of Toronto, to 
 attend in a body the funeral of the late Colonel Geo. T. 
 Denison, commandant of the 5th and 10th Military Dis- 
 tricts, one who for many years commanded the troop. 
 
 On the 8th October, 1873, the annual drill for that 
 year was commenced and continued until finished, the 
 weather being fine during the whole period. The troop 
 was inspected by Lieut. -Col. Durie, D.A.G., who expressed 
 himself much pleased with the clean and neat appearance 
 of the men. He then presented some prizes which had 
 been given by the officers for cleanest accoutrements and 
 smartest appearance. The first prize to Sergeant Mac- 
 dougall j second prize, Trooper F. Campbell ; third prize 
 to Corporal Long. The troop furnished the usual escort 
 at the opening and closing of Parliament. 
 
 In 1874 the drill was put in, as in 1873, at troop head- 
 quarters. The weather during the first four days was 
 bad, as it rained almost incessantly. Lieut. -Col, Durie 
 
OUTPOST DUTY AND SUBSEQUENT CAMPS. 55 
 
 inspected the troop. In July of this year the Body Guard 
 performed escort duty for His Excellency Lord Dutierin 
 during his short stay at the Queen's Hotel, and in the 
 fall the usual escort at the opening and closing of the 
 House. 
 
 On the 22nd June, 1875, the Body Guard having re- 
 ceived orders to move into camp at Holland Landing, 
 assembled at their store-room, and after the saddles and 
 other accoutrements were distributed, started about 3 
 p.m., and marched as far as Richmond Hill, camped there 
 for four or five hours to have tea and a short sleep, then 
 continued the march on to Holland Landing, getting in 
 a few minutes after six a.m. on the 23rd — doing the 
 whole distance of 38 miles, including stoppages, in about 
 15 hours. The Body Guard, the Markham Troop (Oapt. 
 Elliott), and the Oakridge troop (Capt. McConnell), were 
 formed into a provisional regiment and placed under the 
 officer commanding the Body Guard, as the senior cavalry 
 officer in the camp. The regiment mustered 135 horses 
 and men. The Body Guard was the largest troop in 
 camp, having four men over the establishment. The 
 brigade was inspected by Major-General Selby Smythe. 
 He afterwards addressed them, and said he was very 
 much pleased with the appearance of the men and with 
 the manner in which they did their work. 
 
 
LIST OF OFFICERS 
 
 WHO HAVE SERVED IN THE 
 
 (feabtmat (lateral's §abj)-<Suarb t 
 
 WITH THEIR SERVICES. 
 
 Denison, George Taylor (Bellevue), son of the late 
 Captain John Denison, who came out to Canada from 
 England in 1792. He served through the war of 1812 
 as an officer of the York Volunteers. He was 
 gazetted Lieutenant of the 3rd York Militia on the 
 25th April, 1820. Gazetted Captain, 16th August, 
 1822. Organized troop of cavalry and placed in 
 command of it the same year. Brevet Major, 
 15th December, 1837. Served through the rebel- 
 lion of 1837. Was, on the 1st November, 1838, 
 gazetted Lieut.-Colonel of the 3rd York Battalion ; 
 and on the 10th November, 1846, given the com- 
 mand of the 4th Battalion of Toronto Militia, remain- 
 ing in that position until 1851, when he retired, 
 the following Order by the Adjutant-General being 
 issued at the time ; — 
 
LIST OF OFFICERS. 57 
 
 " Adjutant-General's Office, 
 
 "Toronto, 28th Feb., 1851. 
 "Militia General Order, No. 2. — Lieut. -Col. George T. 
 Denison, of the 4th Battalion Toronto Militia, is 
 permitted to retire from the Militia service, retain- 
 ing his rank in that Force, and His Excellency, the 
 Governor-General, is pleased to express his high 
 sense of the long and zealous services in the 
 Militia of that officer. 
 " By command, 
 
 "D. MacDonell, Lt.-Col., 
 
 " Deputy Adjt.-Gen. of Militia." 
 
 Silverthorn, Aaron, was gazetted Lieutenant the 
 16th August, 1822, and retired in 1832. 
 
 Eichardson, Charles. — Appointed Cornet on the 16th 
 August, 1822, served a few years and then resigned. 
 
 Denison, Eichard Lippincott, son of George T. Deni- 
 son, and grandson of Captain Eichard Lippincott, a 
 well-known U. E. Loyalist officer, celebrated in the 
 history of the Eevolutionary War, was appointed 
 Lieutenant the 16th February, 1832; served through 
 the Eebellion of 1837 in that rank. Gazetted Cap- 
 tain 1st November, 1838, when his father, George 
 T. Denison, went into the 3rd York. He was out 
 during both rebellions, and was present at the action 
 at Gallows Hill, and in the operations during the 
 winter of that year, in the neighbourhood of Brant- 
 ford, and the Village of Scotland. Was gazetted 
 
58 HISTORICAL RECORD. 
 
 Major in the 4th Battalion on the 23rd February, 
 1848. Appointed Lieut. -Colonel of the 4th Bat- 
 talion, 7th March, 1851, and on the 6th February, 
 1869, when the Reserve Militia was reorganized, 
 was re-gazetted Lieut.-Colonel to same Battalion. 
 
 Lawrence, Perine, appointed Cornet on the 15th De- 
 cember, 1837 ; retired a short time afterwards. 
 
 Denison, George Taylor (Rusholme). — In 1837 was at 
 the action at Gallows Hill, and in the operations 
 during the winter of that year in the neighbourhood 
 of Brantford and the Village [of Scotland. Served 
 through the siege of Navy Island. Was appointed 
 Lieutenant 1st November, 1838. Gazetted Captain 
 23rd February, 1848 ; Brevet Major, 6th Decem- 
 ber, 1850. Gazetted Lieut.-Colonel in command of 
 regiment of cavalry composed of four troops, 12th 
 March, 1853. In 1856 he organized a field battery 
 in connection with the mounted force, and subse- 
 quently he organized and was given the command 
 temporarily of the 2nd Battalion, now the " Queen's 
 Own/' until he could recommend an officer to be 
 placed in command of it. Gazetted Colonel 10th 
 October, 1860, and appointed commandant of the 
 5th and 10th Military Districts. During the Fenian 
 raid of 1866 he commanded the Toronto Militia 
 Garrison, comprising several thousand men ; and was 
 for many years before his death the senior volunteer 
 officer in Ontario, being the only full Colonel in it. 
 
LIST OF OFFICERS. 59 
 
 Fisher, Edwin 0, appointed Cornet 1st November, 1838, 
 and served in the troop during the second Kebel- 
 lion ; retired in May, 1839. 
 
 Denison, Robert Brittain, appointed Cornet in 1843. 
 Ke-gazetted Cornet 11th February, 1846. Gazetted 
 Lieutenant 5th May, 1848. Gazetted Captain 6th 
 December, 1850. When the Act of 1855, relating to 
 the Active Militia, was passed, he took in the troop 
 under the provisions of it, and was, on the 27th De- 
 cember, 1855, gazetted Captain. On the 13th No- 
 vember, 1856, appointed to command the Foot 
 Artillery Company. 2nd April, 1857, gazetted Bre- 
 vet-Major in Foot Artillery. This corps afterwards 
 became No. 4 Company " Queen's Own." Appointed 
 to the command of the Toronto Field Battery 4th 
 December, 1857. Gazetted Captain of the Trinity 
 College Company, now No. 8 Company, " Queen's 
 Own," 3rd June, 1861. Appointed Brigade Major 
 of 10th Military District, 28th November, 1862 ; 
 Lieut.-Colonel, 2nd February, 1866. During the 
 Fenian raid he was, on the 2nd June, 1866, sent to 
 Clifton in command of a Battalion of 1 3 companies to 
 hold the Suspension Bridge, and to guard that por- 
 tion of the Niagara frontier. 
 
 McCutcheon, Peter McGill, appointed Cornet 5th 
 May, 1848. Gazetted Lieutenant 27th December, 
 1855. On the 11th December, 1856, he was per- 
 mitted to retire with the rank of Captain. 
 
60 HISTORICAL RECORD. 
 
 Denison, George Taylor (Heydon Villa), appointed 
 Cornet 15th September, 1854. Gazetted Lieutenant 
 20th March, 1856. Given command of troop tem- 
 porarily as Lieutenant, 15th January, 1857. Ga- 
 zetted Captain 22nd April, 1857. Brevet Major, 
 22nd April, 1862. Served through the Fenian raid 
 of 1866 on Fort Erie,and in command of the Cavalry 
 on the Niagara frontier. Brevet-Lieut. -Colonel, 13th 
 September, 1866. Having resigned, his name was 
 placed on the retired list to date from 31st July, 
 1868. 
 
 De La Hooke, Dr. J. Acland. — Gazetted Surgeon of 
 Huron Militia, 25th May, 1842. Transferred to 2nd 
 York Battalion, 13th May, 1853. Surgeon to troop, 
 22nd September, 1854. Gazetted Surgeon to 
 squadron, 20th March, 1856. Served during the 
 Fenian raid of 1866 on the Niagara frontier. 
 Transferred to 2nd Regiment of Cavalry, 10th May, 
 1872. 
 
 Boulton, G. D'Arcy. — Appointed Cornet 20th March, 
 1856 ; resigned 15th May, 1856. 
 
 Ridout, William. — Appointed Cornet 15th May, 1856. 
 Gazetted Lieutenant, 22nd April, 1857. Placed on 
 unattached list, 6th December, 1861. 
 
 Campbell, Patrick. — Appointed Cornet, 22nd April, 
 1857. Retired, 19th June, 1861. 
 
 Denison,CharlesL. — Appointed Supernumerary Cornet, 
 8th October, 1858. Gazetted Cornet, 19th June, 
 1861. Gazetted Lieutenant, 6fch December, 1861. 
 Retired, 25th August, 1865. 
 
LIST OF OFFICERS 61 
 
 Denison, Edwin P. — Appointed Lieutenant and Adjutant, 
 28th August, 1860. Gazetted Lieutenant, 25th 
 August, 1865. Gazetted Brevet-Captain, 7th June, 
 1867. Gazetted Captain, 18th August, 1868. Re- 
 tired, retaining his rank, 1st March, 1872. Served 
 during the Fenian raid of 1866 on the Niagara 
 frontier. 
 
 Denison, G. Shirley. — Appointed Cornet, 27th Decem- 
 ber, 1861. Retired, 25th August, 1865. He served 
 in the Montreal Volunteer Force during the Fenian 
 raid of 1866. 
 
 Denison Frederick Charles. — In January, 1865, join- 
 ed as Lieutenant the 2nd Administrative Battalion 
 at Niagara. Appointed Cornet, 25th August, 1865. 
 Served during the Fenian raid of 1866 on the 
 Niagara frontier. Gazetted Brevet-Lieutenant, 6 th 
 December, 1867; Lieutenant, 18th August, 1868. 
 Served on the Staff in the Bed River Expedition of 
 1870, as Orderly Officer to Major-General Sir Garnet 
 Wolseley. Gazetted Captain, 1st March, 1872. 
 
 Dunn, Orlando. — Appointed Cornet, 18th August, 1868. 
 Gazetted Lieutenant, 1st March, 1872. Served 
 through the Fenian raid of 1866 on the Niagara 
 frontier. 
 
 Denison, Clarence A. K. — Appointed Cornet, 10th 
 May, 1872. 
 
 Tuthill, . — Appointed Veterinary Surgeon, 27th 
 
 December, 1855. Left limits. 
 
STANDING ORDERS 
 
 Ijouqnor fljmraPii lo^-|)uari 
 
 The following standing orders will be observed in the 
 Governor-General's Body Guard, so far as relates to a 
 squadron, except where they may be at variance with 
 any orders that may hereafter be issued from the Militia 
 Department. As the Body Guard has generally when in 
 camp been attached to other troops as part of a regiment, 
 it has been thought desirable to prepare the standing 
 orders as if for a regiment, in order that the members of 
 the corps may understand and be able to perform their 
 duties properly when acting with others : — 
 
 THE DUTIES OF OFFICERS. 
 
 The officers should make themselves conversant with 
 the Militia Act, with the Standing Orders, and such books 
 as may be required by the Militia Regulations. 
 
 They are to consider punctuality as one of the first 
 
STANDING ORDERS. 63 
 
 principles of military duty, and are accountable for the 
 maintenance and observance of good order. The example 
 of ready and cheerful obedience to all orders on the part 
 of the officers has a beneficial effect on the men. 
 
 Whenever an officer has occasion to address another, 
 his senior on duty, he will always salute on approaching 
 him. 
 
 No officer is to dismiss a troop or detachment in the 
 presence of a senior without asking his permission to 
 do so. 
 
 A young officer will not be sent on duty until he has 
 first attended the orderly officer, and become acquainted 
 with his duties. 
 
 Any officer unable to attend parade from sickness must 
 report himself to the senior medical officer and to the 
 adjutant, and is expected to keep to his quarters during 
 his illness. 
 
 Officers are to be particular that their non-commissioned 
 officers and men appear clean and tidy. 
 
 All applications for leave of absence must be made to 
 the commanding officer,no matter for how short a period, 
 according to Form No. I. 
 
 Every case of drunkenness or misconduct should be 
 inquired into in presence of offender, and satisfactorily 
 decided. 
 
 Form I. 
 
 Camp. 
 
 Sir, — I have the honour to request that you will be 
 good enough to lay before the commanding officer my ap- 
 
64 STANDING ORDERS. 
 
 plication for leave of absence from (Thursday) to (Satur- 
 day), to visit on private affairs. 
 
 My address will be . 
 
 I have the honour to be, 
 Sir, 
 Your obedient servant, 
 
 Officers are never to allow an answer to a reprimand 
 on duty or parade. 
 
 No officer will appear in half uniform and half plain 
 clothes. 
 
 Officers should always treat non-commissioned officers 
 with civility and attention, and avoid reprimanding them 
 before the men. 
 
 Major. 
 
 The major will assist the commanding officer in carry- 
 ing on the duties of the regiment. He will visit the 
 stables frequently, in camp or barracks, and will pay par- 
 ticular attention to the interior economy of the regiment. 
 
 Paymaster. 
 
 All moneys for the use of each troop must be paid to 
 the officer commanding it, from whom he will take a 
 receipt. 
 
 The paymaster will be guided by his instructions from 
 headquarters ; any claims for allowances or other work 
 will be made out by him. 
 
 He will muster the regiment once a month, or before 
 leaving camp where annual drill put in. 
 
standing orders. 65 
 
 Quartermaster. 
 
 His duties are onerous if properly carried out. He is 
 responsible for and is expected to look after the accommo 
 dation of the troops in camp or barracks, and to the issue 
 of forage, rations and fuel, ammunition, camp equip- 
 ments, &c. 
 
 He will attend at the issue of the bread and meat, and 
 see that both are of good quality and proper weight. He 
 will inspect the forage, and see that it is good, and issued 
 in proper weight. 
 
 He is responsible for the cleanliness of the camp and 
 barracks. 
 
 He will arrange (when it is required) with the com- 
 manding officer for the conveyance of the baggage on the 
 march. All clothing must be marked by him before being 
 issued. 
 
 Surgeon and Assistant-Surgeon. 
 
 The surgeon will send in a daily state of the sick to 
 the orderly room. He will frequently visit the camp or 
 barracks, and report any want of cleanliness, and will 
 bring to the commanding officer's attention anything 
 likely to affect the health of the regiment, and make any 
 suggestions that will tend to their health. One of the 
 surgeons must attend ball practice. He will keep a book 
 in the surgery for the orderly officers to insert their 
 names when visiting the hospital. 
 
 Veterinary Surgeon. 
 
 He will attend to the Instructions laid down in the 
 E 
 
66 STANDING ORDERS. 
 
 Queen's Regulations ; to the general health of the horses ; 
 the shoeing, &c. 
 
 He will inspect the stables daily, and send in a daily- 
 report to the orderly room of the sick horses. He will 
 report to the commanding officer anything that he may 
 deem detrimental to the health of the horses. He will 
 report at once to the commanding officer any cases of 
 infectious disease. 
 
 The Adjutant. 
 
 All orders issued by the adjutant are to be obeyed as 
 from the commanding officer ; he receives and gives out 
 all regimental orders. 
 
 The drills and instructions of new officers are given 
 under his charge ; he is to parade all guards, orderlies or 
 escorts. 
 
 He keeps the roster of all officers' duties, leave of ab- 
 sence, &c, and has charge of the regimental books. 
 
 He will see that all guards and sentries understand 
 their duties. 
 
 He must require the strictest attention at his drills, 
 not allow talking in the ranks, and generally to correct 
 anything wanting in the appearance or bearing of the 
 men when off parade. 
 
 Captains and Officers commanding Troops. 
 
 They are responsible to the commanding officer that 
 their troops are always fit for active service. Every officer 
 commanding a troop should be able at any moment to 
 answer any questions about his men or horses. He will 
 
STANDING ORDERS. 67 
 
 make himself acquainted with the characters of his men, 
 and pay attention to their cleanliness and comfort. 
 
 They must see that the veterinary's directions are 
 carried out as to ventilation of stables, &c, and also visit 
 the sick men in hospital. 
 
 They will pay attention to the shoeing of their horses 
 and to the stable economy. 
 
 The greatest attention must be paid to the ammunition, 
 and when the corps parades on foot it must be inspected. 
 
 When an officer is appointed to the charge or command 
 of a troop, he must at once inquire minutely into its con- 
 dition, as he becomes responsible for everything. 
 
 When the troops are in barracks for any length of 
 time, the necessaries will be inspected once a month ; 
 commanding officers of troops will see that their men's 
 hair is cut and worn properly. 
 
 Officers commanding troops are held responsible that 
 the crimes of their defaulters are entered daily from the 
 guard reports, from which they can make a copy in the 
 orderly room. 
 
 Orders referring to the men must be read to them on 
 parade. 
 
 Officers should visit their men's rooms frequently, and 
 see that they are clean and well regulated. 
 
 Captain of the Day. 
 
 Be will attend the daily issue of forage \ if of bad 
 quality, he will stop the issue and report the same to the 
 senior officer in barracks. 
 
68 STANDING ORDERS. 
 
 He can exchange his duty, but must notify the adjutant 
 of the same. 
 
 He will not leave the barracks during his tour of duty 
 except on watering order parade or on duty. 
 
 Orderly Officer. 
 
 His duty commences at reveille, and ends at reveille 
 the following morning. 
 
 It is through him that reports of extraordinary occur- 
 rences are made to the commanding officer. He parades 
 the guard and marches it off— inspects it and the sentries 
 at watch setting, and once during the night. He will 
 hear the sentries give over their orders, when he must be 
 accompanied by a non-commissioned officer. He will 
 turn out the guard in the morning and inspect it. He 
 will not leave the barracks except when the troops go 
 out on duty, or for watering parade. He will go through 
 the stables during the night, after eleven, and see that 
 the horses are properly fastened. He will go round the 
 men's breakfasts and dinners to see if there are any com- 
 plaints as to the cooking or quality of the rations, and 
 will inspect the cook-houses to see if they are clean. He 
 will attend the delivery of the forage and rations, and see 
 that the proper quantity be issued and that it is of good 
 quality. He will attend the different stable hours, and 
 accompany the commanding officer when he goes round 
 the stables or quarters. In the absence of the adjutant 
 he will take his duty, as inspecting guards, &c. The 
 same in the quartermaster's absence. He will visit the 
 
STANDING ORDERS. 
 
 69 
 
 prisoners (if any). He will report any irregularity at 
 once to senior officer in barracks. 
 
 He will attend the watering parades and accompany 
 troops to exercise. He will send in his report to the 
 orderly room before office hour. The following form is 
 given as guide, to be varied as required : — 
 
 Governor General's Body Guard. 
 Orderly Officer's Report. Remarks. 
 
 1. I attended the morning stable duties, 
 was present at roll call and during the 
 whole of stable hour, and received the 
 reports from the troop sergeant-majors. 
 
 2. I inspected the men's breakfast, and 
 saw the beds were all made up and rooms 
 aired. 
 
 3. I inspected the bread and meat, and 
 saw the proper weight delivered to each 
 mess. 
 
 4. I inspected the horses, and attended 
 their exercise in watering order. 
 
 5. I superintended the issue of forage, 
 and saw the proper weight delivered ; 
 that it was of good quality, and issued 
 according to the returns received from 
 the troop sergeant-majors. 
 
 6. I attended the mid-day stable duties, 
 and was present during the whole of the 
 stable hour. 
 
 7. I inspected the men's dinners. 
 
70 standing orders. 
 
 Non-commissioned Officers and Privates. 
 
 The character and discipline of a regiment depends to 
 a great extent on the quality of the non-commissioned 
 officers. They therefore must be strictly attentive to 
 duty and of good conduct, and should set an example of 
 smartness and cleanliness to the privates. On promotion 
 from the ranks all familiarity with the men should cease. 
 All passes should be in the orderly room by office hour 
 in the morning. Non-commissioned officers and men if 
 taken ill must immediately report themselves, and will 
 attend morning parade and be marched to hospital by 
 regimental orderly-sergeant, and will not attempt to 
 doctor themselves. 
 
 Orderlies on dispatch duty must not exceed six miles 
 an hour unless otherwise ordered. Any man found cut- 
 ting or in any way altering his belt or clothing without 
 the commanding officer's permission will be punished by 
 fine or otherwise. Swearing and improper language is 
 forbidden, and any man offending will be punished. 
 Every trooper should take his own horse to be shod. 
 
 Any man found under the influence of liquor should 
 be confined at once, and taken there by his own com- 
 rades. 
 
 Any non-commissioned officer or man having a com- 
 plaint to make should make it through the officer com- 
 manding his troop. 
 
 The men are always to appear out of quarters in uni- 
 form, and clean and properly dressed. 
 
 If any soldier is ill used by another, he is not to take 
 
STANDING ORDERS. 71 
 
 the law into his own hands, but must complain of the 
 same to his commanding officer. 
 
 The non-commissioned officers and men must not wear 
 articles not their own, nor use another man's arms or 
 appointments. The men must acquaint themselves with 
 the orders. Ignorance of the orders will be no excuse. 
 
 Eegimental Sergeant-Major. 
 
 He is the adjutant's assistant, and under him has a 
 general supervision over every department. He is expected 
 to set an example of smartness, zeal, and soldier-like 
 conduct to the non-commissioned officers and men. He is 
 to keep a roster of the non-commissioned officers' duties 
 and of the privates, so far as relates to the number sup- 
 plied by each troop. 
 
 He must be present at the parading of guards, escorts, 
 &c, and inspect them when they come off duty. He 
 must inspect guard-room and prisoners' room daily. 
 
 He is on no account to overlook any irregularity or 
 slovenly conduct he may observe on or off duty. He 
 issues the regimental orders, received from the adjutant 
 daily, to troop orderly sergeants, and sees that they copy 
 them in their order books. He must be perfectly familiar 
 with the standing orders of the regiment, and enforce 
 them. 
 
 Quartermaster-Sergeant. 
 
 He is specially under the orders of the quartermaster, 
 and will adhere to orders received from him. He will 
 
72 STANDING ORDERS. 
 
 attend to the cleanliness of the barracks or camp, fre- 
 quently visiting the rooms and stables. 
 
 He will be present at the issue of the rations, fuel, 
 &c, at inspections of quarters, and receiving or deliver- 
 ing ammunition or other stores. He will superintend 
 the fatigues. 
 
 He will attend church and muster parades. 
 
 Troop Sergeant-Major. 
 
 Will be selected from the most deserving sergeants of 
 the regiment ; must be of good character and abilities, 
 seniority alone being no claim. The good conduct and 
 well-being of his troop should be his special care. 
 
 All troop returns required are to be made out or ex- 
 amined by him, as states, crimes, &c. 
 
 He will see that the regimental orders are read and ex- 
 plained to the men at the evening stable parade, when 
 every man must be present; at this parade all duties for 
 the following day will be warned. 
 
 He will attend the issue of forage, and see that his 
 troop has its proper quantity, and that it is correctly 
 divided among the horses. 
 
 He will also be present at the issue of the bread and 
 meat. 
 
 The efficiency of a cavalry regiment or troop depends 
 upon the condition of the horses ; therefore, grooming 
 and stable duties become one of the most important 
 duties, a dragoon has to attend to. Troop sergeant- 
 majors must therefore pay the greatest attention to all 
 
STANDING ORDERS. 73 
 
 the stable duties, and see that they are properly per- 
 formed by the men. The rooms and stables are under 
 his superintendence, and he is responsible that they are 
 kept clean and well ventilated. 
 
 Orderly Troop Sergeant-Major. 
 
 Comes on duty at reveille. He will not absent himself 
 from barracks except on duty. He will accompany the 
 orderly officer when he visits the men's rooms, at meals 
 and watch-setting, and going his round. He will visit 
 the cook-houses and see that they are clean. He will go 
 round all the troop stables and the veterinary stables be- 
 tween 2 and 6 p.m. and at about 10 p.m., and see that 
 the horses are properly tied. He will see that the dung 
 is removed from around the stables. 
 
 He will attend the veterinary surgeon at midday 
 stables, and get any orders from him about ventilation, 
 &c, and give them to the other troop sergeant-majors. 
 He will attend at watch-setting and gather the reports, 
 and hand them to the orderly officer. He will see the 
 lights out and close the sergeants' mess. 
 
 Trumpet-Major. 
 
 Is responsible that the trumpeters understand their 
 duties, and that the various duties are properly and 
 punctually sounded ; all trumpeters fit for duty to sound 
 noon stables, dinners and watch-setting. 
 
 He will keep a roster of trumpeters' duty. 
 
74 standing orders. 
 
 Sergeants. 
 
 A sergeant should be smart and active and very exact 
 in the performance of his duties. He should always be 
 first on parade. He will pay the greatest attention to 
 the grooming of the horses. He is responsible for the 
 order and cleanliness of his room. He must allow no 
 slovenly grooming. At evening stables he will see that 
 stablemen are appointed for the following day. 
 
 It is his duty to see that all the horses receive their 
 proper rations, and that none is destroyed. 
 
 He must be about the stables as much as possible dur- 
 ing mounted parades, and be very particular at his in- 
 spections, both mounted and dismounted, to see any 
 whose turn-out may be wrong, set right at once. He 
 will instruct the recruits in grooming, or anything in 
 military matters in which they may be deficient. Non- 
 commissioned officers will not confine a man, except in 
 extreme cases, without first bringing him to troop ser- 
 geant-major. 
 
 Eegimental Orderly Sergeant. 
 
 Mounts with the guard daily. He will perform all 
 troop duties that do not interfere with his work of re- 
 gimental orderly sergeant. He will collect the sick 
 reports, and march the sick to hospital. He accom- 
 panies the orderly officer when he visits the meals. He 
 will frequently visit the troop stables to see that they 
 are clean. He will visit the canteen, and confine any 
 defaulters there. He will see the fires and lights out, 
 and the men in bed. 
 
STANDING ORDERS. 75 
 
 Troop Orderly Sergeants. 
 
 They are appointed weekly, and will call roll at all 
 parades, when every man not on duty or leave must be 
 present. He will see that lights and fires are put out at 
 watch-setting, and that the men are in bed. He makes 
 out the morning and afternoon parade states. Copies the 
 orders into the troop book. He is responsible for the 
 warning for all duties in his troop, and must keep a cor- 
 rect muster roll. He will read the orders to the men, 
 and show them to the officers. He gets the captain's 
 signature to all passes before 10 a. m. ; he will attend 
 issue of forage. He is responsible for cleanliness of rooms, 
 and must see that the beds are properly made up. 
 
 Orderly Room Clerk. 
 He is under the orders of the adjutant, and will attend 
 to such instructions as he receives from him or the com- 
 manding officer. He will not disclose any thing coming 
 to his knowledge through his position of clerk. 
 
 Paymaster's Clerk. 
 
 He is under the paymaster's orders in matters relating 
 to his office. 
 
 Farrier-Major. 
 
 He is under the immediate orders of the veterinary 
 surgeon in matters in connection with the shoeing of the 
 horses. He will see that any man taking a horse to be 
 shod does not leave him, nor fasten him by collar 
 chain. 
 
76 STANDING ORDERS. 
 
 He has charge of farriers, and sees that they attend to 
 their work ; also that the sick horses are groomed. He 
 will not shoe horses belonging to other corps without per- 
 mission of commanding officer. 
 
 Hospital Sergeant. 
 
 In all matters with reference to the hospital, he is 
 under sole control of the surgeon j in points of discipline 
 he will attend to orders of commanding officer. 
 
 He is responsible for order and cleanliness in hospital, 
 and is exempt from all ordinary regimental parades and 
 duties. 
 
 Provost Sergeant. 
 
 Will parade and drill defaulters, and will allow no loose 
 or disorderly persons in barracks, and will carry out rules 
 for barrack cells. 
 
 He will march prisoners to Divine service. 
 
 Corporals. 
 
 A corporal must not be too familiar with the privates. 
 He should be an example in grooming, cleaning kit, and 
 punctuality on parade. 
 
 Must obey all orders promptly, whether from commis- 
 sioned or non-commissioned officers over them, and will 
 assist the sergeants, taking their places during their ab- 
 sence. 
 
 When in charge of a room he is responsible that no 
 disorderly conduct takes place in it. He will not himself 
 
STANDING ORDERS. 77 
 
 confine a man. except in an extreme case. He will not 
 allow men to quit the barrack-room without good cause. 
 
 Non-commissioned Officer of Canteen. 
 
 He will remain at canteen until it is cleared at watch- 
 setting or any other time, as ordered, and report any ir- 
 regularity to regimental sergeant-major. He is not to 
 permit gambling or disturbance. He will apply to re- 
 gimental sergeant-major for assistance on any emer- 
 gency. 
 
 Troop Orderly Corporal. 
 
 He is appointed weekly, and will assist troop orderly 
 sergeant in carrying out the orders laid down for them. 
 He regulates the manner in which the messes are to be 
 cooked, and will be present at cook-house at distribution 
 of the meals to the room orderlies. He warns and 
 parades fatigues. He keeps a roll of men confined to 
 barracks. 
 
 Farriers. 
 
 Will attend morning and evening stables. They will 
 inspect every horse in their respective troops, and report 
 casualties to sergeant-major. They will attend the forge 
 when ordered by veterinary surgeon. Every horse must 
 be shod once a month ; an orderly farrier will be de- 
 tailed weekly to assist in sick stables. A troop farrier 
 is responsible that each horse has spare shoes and nails 
 complete. Every horse's foot will be examined twice a 
 week, and loose shoes, &c, will be placed right. They 
 
78 STANDING ORDERS. 
 
 will report thrushes or any change in the healthy condi- 
 tion of the feet to the veterinary surgeon. They will 
 make their own nails whenever practicable. They will 
 not shoe horses not belonging to the corps without per- 
 mission. 
 
 The Armourer. 
 
 Will inspect the arms monthly, and report their state, 
 and is responsible for their efficient repair. All tools are 
 under his charge. He will be paid for work according 
 to scale laid down. 
 
 Saddler-Sergeant. 
 
 Is responsible for efficient state of the saddlery. He 
 will work under the orders of the quartermaster. He 
 will point out any damage done through negligence. 
 
 Master Tailor. 
 
 Will be under the immediate orders of the quarter- 
 master in matters connected with his business. He is 
 responsible for the proper fitting of the uniform clothing 
 of the corps. He will make none except of regimental 
 pattern. 
 
 Barrack Eoom Arrangements. 
 
 The non-commissioned officers of troops are respon- 
 sible that every man turns out of bed at reveille sounding, 
 and that the beds are properly made up. The beds to be 
 two feet from wall, to allow for ventilation. The neces- 
 saries to be hung neatly at their head. 
 
STANDING ORDERS. 79 
 
 No soldier is to be dirty in dress, or appear in clothing 
 not of regulation pattern. 
 
 Stables. 
 
 Between the 1st November and 1st March stables will 
 sound at 6.30 a.m. • during rest of the year at 5.30 
 a.m., unless otherwise ordered. 
 
 No man shall ever trim his horse's legs with scissors 
 — when required so to be trimmed a non-commissiened 
 officer must do it ; nor are the tails to be cut without 
 commanding officer's order. 
 
 The appointments and horses of sick men, men in prison 
 or on leave, shall be taken charge of by the men turn about? 
 who are to miss guard during this time. When per- 
 manently with two horses, they only do night guards. 
 
 All officers must attend their troop stables at midday, 
 and stay there till dismiss sounds. 
 
 The stable men are posted by orderly sergeant of 
 troop after dismiss from morning stables, and must not on 
 any account leave the stables without permission. They 
 must watch the horses to see that none are injured, so 
 far as they can prevent it — fasten up any loose, and 
 keep the stables clean and ventilated ; great care must 
 be paid to ventilation. They are to remain inside the 
 stables, and are responsible for stable utensils. Smoking 
 is strictly prohibited. The stable guard remains in 
 charge until relieved by night guard. As a rule, they 
 will only attend mounted parades. 
 
 In dry weather the litter will be made up in heaps 
 
80 STANDING ORDERS. 
 
 outside the stables, and in wet weather in a spare stall or 
 in centre of stable. Horses will draw bran once a week 
 — Saturday preferable. Horses to have as much water 
 as they can drink, except when warm. After the horse 
 is put in stall, the man who attends to it will unbridle 
 and fasten, then loosen crupper surcingle and breastplate. 
 He will then wipe off his bits — then, after changing his 
 things, return and groom his horse. All the men will 
 attend stables in fatigue dress. 
 
 Duties in Barracks. 
 
 The duties in barracks, unless otherwise varied, will 
 be as follows : — 
 
 Keveille will sound at 6 a.m. in winter, 5 a.m. in 
 summer. 
 
 Warning for morning stables at 6.15 a.m. Stables, 
 6.30 a.m. 
 
 Horses fed, 7.20 a.m. 
 
 Dismiss, 7.30 a.m. 
 
 Breakfast, 7.45 a.m. 
 
 Watering order at 8.45, until 10.15 a.m., 1J hours. 
 
 Stables (noon stables), from 10.30 a.m. to 1 p.m. 
 
 Officers' stables at 12.15. 
 
 Feed horses, 12.50. 
 
 Dinner, 1 p.m. 
 
 On field days, stables sound at 1.45, officers' call at 2 
 pjn., and stables off at 2 p.m. 
 
 Guard mounting, 2.30 p.m. ; on field days generally at 
 6 p.m. 
 
STANDING ORDERS. 81 
 
 Tea for men, 5 p.m. 
 
 Evening stables (warning), 5.20 p.m. 
 
 Feed and bed down, 5.45 p.m. 
 
 Defaulters' parade at 6.30 p.m., for one hour. 
 
 First post at 9 p.m. 
 
 Watch-setting or last post, 9.30 p.m. 
 
 Lights out at 10 p.m. 
 
 Instructions for Grooming. 
 
 All officers and non-commissioned officers should 
 understand the system of grooming, so as to instruct the 
 men when necessary. The first thing to be done is to 
 wash and pick out horses' feet. 
 
 When the horse has not been out, use brush over 
 neck, chest, shoulders and fore leg in succession, then over 
 rest of body, beginning with near side. Then use a 
 damp hay wisp in same order. Then brush head, fore- 
 top and mane, and afterwards wisp over and wipe down. 
 When a horse brought in very wet and muddy, his legs 
 should be rubbed down with a wisp of straw. The 
 horse is not clean until he is warm, and coat soft and 
 shining ; every grooming makes it easier. Men employed 
 by sergeants as grooms must be paid by them. 
 
 Forage. 
 
 The captain of the day, the orderly officer and regi- 
 mental quartermaster, shall attend issue and see proper 
 quantity issued to each troop. Troop sergeant-majors to 
 put in a report showing number of horses and quantity 
 
82 STANDING ORDERS, 
 
 of forage required. Captains of troops must have an 
 
 officer daily to see issue of forage to each horse. Men 
 
 should have their forage weighed, if they think they have 
 
 too little ; two horses' oats must not be put in one bag. 
 
 It is well to have hay sprinkled with water before being 
 
 measured out ; horses should be allowed lots of water to 
 
 drink. 
 
 Guards. 
 
 All guards must invariably be alert ; the men are not 
 to take off dress or accoutrements. It will be turned out 
 by officers or non-commissioned officers at daybreak and 
 watch-setting. No gaming, drinking or singing allowed 
 in guard-room, and no man must ever leave guard with- 
 out permission. The non-commissioned officer command- 
 ing guard will report anything extraordinary to adjutant 
 or orderly officer. Should any man of the guard or any 
 prisoner be taken ill, non-commissioned officer of guard 
 will at once notify the surgeon. Guards will confine men 
 promoting quarrels, and give alarm in case of fire. When 
 a man is confined, his crime must be delivered to officer or 
 non-commissioned officer of guard in writing. There can 
 be no excuse for escape of a prisoner. A non-commissioned 
 officer must always relieve sentries — not allow them to 
 relieve themselves. Nobody allowed into guard-room 
 except on duty. Officers or non-commissioned officers 
 commanding guards must inspect all relief of sentries, 
 both coming on and off, and frequently visit sentries at 
 uncertain hours during the night, as also in day, and keep 
 the men as vigilant as possible. Guards must pay all 
 
STANDING ORDERS. 66 
 
 proper compliments, and turn out when any armed force 
 approaches, and present arms if party commanded by an 
 officer, or for a general officer in uniform. Guards will turn 
 out at advanced arms for inspection, whenever ordered 
 by orderly officer or adjutant. A sentry should consider 
 his duties as a sacred trust. As the safety of a whole army 
 may depend upon the vigilance of a sentry, he must not 
 screen a comrade, but attend faithfully to his duties ; he 
 must never allow his arms to be touched by anybody; 
 he must not sit down or lounge upon his post. The sen- 
 tries will call " Guard turn out," in a loud clear voice, 
 when officer entitled to salute comes within fifty or sixty 
 yards of them, or when the officer of the day comes round. 
 After watch-setting, on any one approaching he will chal- 
 lenge, " Who comes there 1 " and port his arms. If the 
 answer is satisfactory, he will say, " Advance, friend, all's 
 well f should the answer be " Rounds," he will de- 
 mand " What Rounds 1 " If he is posted at the guard- 
 house, and the reply is " Grand Rounds " or " Visiting 
 Rounds," he will call " Stand, Grand (or Visiting) Rounds, 
 Guard turn out." If posted anywhere else, he will say, 
 " Pass, Grand (or Visiting) Rounds, all's well." If there 
 is a countersign, he will command them to " Advance 
 one and give the countersign." 
 
 A sentry must not quit his arms, and will pay proper 
 compliments to all officers. At night he will front and 
 challenge as above. He must abstain from conversing with 
 bystanders. He will not divulge his orders to any one, 
 except the officer of the day, the commanding officer 
 
84 STANDING ORDERS. 
 
 and adjutant. No sentry is to leave his post except re- 
 lieved by non-commissioned officer of guard, and must 
 do his duty faithfully while at his post. Sentries must 
 if possible be placed at different posts every time relieved. 
 No officer in plain clothes, except a member of the Eoyal 
 Family, is entitled to the compliment of a guard turning 
 out. 
 
 A sentry, when an officer passes, fronts the point he is 
 placed especially in charge of; as on a rampart, he faces 
 outwards and pays the compliment due. 
 
 Line of March. 
 
 All cavalry corps will commence their marches as early 
 as possible in the morning; they are not to go more than 
 four and one half miles an hour, unless specially ordered 
 to increase the pace; an advanced guard should be thrown 
 out ; a halt should be ordered every four or five miles; du- 
 ring halt, officers must see that their men look to the fitting 
 of saddles and valises, the shoes, tightness of girths, &c. 
 No officer to leave his men without special permission of 
 commanding officer, which should not be granted except 
 in cases of real necessity, as they may be required at 
 any moment. As soon as men have been billeted, offi- 
 cers of troops must visit billets, and see that forage is 
 good and the men comfortable. On marching into a 
 town where other troops are stationed, commanding offi- 
 cer must report arrival of detachment to the officer com- 
 manding station ; on line of march an officer will ride in 
 front, and an officer will always ride at rear of detachment 
 
STANDING ORDERS. 85 
 
 or squadron and prevent straggling, and see that an even 
 pace is maintained. "No man to leave ranks without 
 commanding officer's permission, and must then be ac- 
 companied by a non-commissioned officer. The rear- 
 guard will on no account allow stragglers behind it. 
 Every horse's back must be examined/ and if badly rub- 
 bed it must be led on next day ; if hair rubbed off, 
 or skin appears raised, the part should be bathed with 
 salt and water. Troop farriers must accompany their 
 officers round stables. The saddles are not to be removed 
 until two hours after arrival at quarters, unless otherwise 
 ordered by commanding officer. Before marching off, 
 every man must be in his place and billets must be paid 
 off. The horses must be examined by their riders both 
 before and after their day's work, to see if shoes good, 
 &c. 
 
 Billets. 
 
 Early on day of march, an officer or an intelligent non- 
 commissioned officer with one man will be sent on to 
 make arrangements about billets. He must have a state- 
 ment of the officers, men and horses to be billeted on 
 arrival ; find out at once the mayor or a magistrate, and 
 procure billets ; get billets as close together as possible ; 
 see sample of oats ; visit billets and inform landlord as 
 nearly as possible the hour of dinner or arrival ; select 
 and mark rooms and stables of officers according to se- 
 niority \ when all arrangements are completed, ride out 
 half a mile or so and meet troops, and give any informa- 
 tion to commanding officer possible. Each soldier and 
 
86 STANDING ORDERS. 
 
 horse are to be billeted together where possible ; in no 
 case should a man be one hundred yards from his horse. 
 Where insufficient accommodation in village, billets 
 will be taken forward en route rather than back. Before 
 filing off, the names of the billets and locality to be read 
 out to the men by the commanding officer. The men 
 are expected to be courteous to the parties they are bil- 
 leted upon, and must treat them with civility. An alarm 
 post must always be named, and every man must know 
 
 it. 
 
 Embarkation of Horses. 
 
 They should be put on board cool and their bowels open ; 
 bran should be given horses on the day or a day before. 
 Horses should be firmly wedged in \ no room allowed to 
 lie down ; they should be fastened pretty close. Every 
 man should lead his own horse on board, as horse will 
 follow him better. If a horse refuse to go on board, let 
 his rider lead him, while a man on each side with a rope 
 passed across his hams drag him slowly forward. 
 
 General Kegulations. 
 
 Officers select their quarters and stables according to 
 seniority. No meeting of officers or non-commissioned 
 to be held without permission of commanding officer. 
 Cleanliness is very necessary in camp or barracks, and 
 bathing should be encouraged as much as possible. When 
 on the field, strict silence must be kept. Nothing will 
 cause more confusion than talking in the ranks, and none 
 should be allowed on any pretence whatever. When at- 
 
STANDING ORDERS. 87 
 
 tending Divine service, men should conduct themselves 
 quietly \ all jingling of spurs or clattering of swords, &c, 
 to be avoided as much as possible. 
 
 Soldiers are liable to be tried by court-martial or by 
 civil courts for offences committed against civilians. 
 
 The officers, non-commissioned officers and men of the 
 Governor-General's Body Guard should endeavour by 
 every means in their power to keep up the credit of their 
 corps. In the past it has always merited and received 
 praise for its appearance and discipline, and it rests with 
 the present members of the corps to continue this repu- 
 tation. 
 
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