UBRARt UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA RIVERSIDE p o> RUTGERS COLLEGE THE CELEBRATION OF THE ONE HUNDRED AND FIFTIETH ANNIVERSARY OF ITS FOUNDING AS QUEEN'S COLLEGE 1766-1916 PUBLISHED BY THE COLLEGE MAY 1917 . 7 THE EDITORIAL COMMITTEE Prof. J. Volney Lewis, Chairman Prof. Louis Bevier Prof. John C. Van Dyke Prof. Fred H. Dodge Mr. George A. Osborn Mr. Earl Eeed Silvers, Secretary CONTENTS Introduction 1 FRIDAY, OCTOBER THIRTEENTH Commemoration Exercises 9 Address on behalf of the State of New Jersey Governor James F. Fielder 13 Historical Address, President William H. S. Demarest 16 Address on behalf of the Reformed Church in America Reverend Ame Vennema 45 Address on behalf of Holland Chevalier W. L. F. C. van Rappard 48 The Anniversary Pageant 56 Reception by Mr. James Neilson 85 The Anniversary Dinner 86 Speech, President Hibben 87 Speech, President Finley 92 Speech, President Faunce 97 Speech, Chevalier van Rappard 105 Class Reunion Dinners 108 Torchlight Procession and Singing 108 SATURDAY, OCTOBER FOURTEENTH Recognition of Delegates and Conferring of Degrees Ill Addresses on behalf of Colleges and Universities Address, President Butler 114 Address, President Meiklejohn 117 Address, President Sparks 122 Address, Baron Chuzaburo Shiba 125 Conferring of Degrees 128 Presentation of Tablet by Sons of the American Revolution 134 Alumni Parade and Football Game 137 Reception by Daughters of the American Revolution 138 Alumni Dinner 139 Introductory Speech, Haley Fiske, Esq., '71 140 Greetings from the City of New Brunswick Honorable W. E. Florance '85 146 "The College Graduate in the World of Learning" Professor Lane Cooper '96 148 "The College Graduate in the World of Business" Mr. Leonor F. Loree '77 154 "The College Graduate in the World Evangelism" Reverend Dr. W. I. Chamberlin '82 163 "The College Graduate in the College World" Mr. Philip M. Brett '92 170 v vi CONTENTS Presentation of Memorial Tablet by the Class of 1880 Dr. B. Hasbrouck Sleght '80 174 Presentation of Portrait of President Demarest by the Alumni Dean Louis Bevier '78 176 The President 's Response 178 SUNDAY, OCTOBER FIFTEENTH Anniversary Sermon, Reverend A. V. V. Raymond 183 Presentation of Tablet by the Society of Colonial Wars 198 Response by President Demarest 201 Vespers 202 THURSDAY, OCTOBER TWELFTH Educational Conference Address of Welcome, President Demarest 211 1 ' The Federal Government and Public Education ' ' Commissioner Philander P. Claxton 213 "An Organic State School System" President Henry Suzzallo 224 Discussion by Commissioner Calvin N. Kendall 231 Deputy Commissioner Thomas E. Finegan 237 "A College of Liberal Arts Nevertheless" President Rush Rhees 243 "The College of Agriculture as a Public Service Institution" Dean Eugene Davenport 258 "The Mechanic Arts College in a State Institution" Dean Edward Orton 272 "The Factors Entering into a State Program of Vocational In- struction ' ' Director Arthur D. Dean 288 Discussion by Assistant Commissioner Albert B. Meredith 304 Assistant Commissioner Lewis H. Carris 309 APPENDIX Organization 315 Invitations 317 General Program 320 Letters of Congratulation 329 Names of Delegates 356 Officials of the City of New Brunswick 365 Ministers of New Brunswick Churches 365 Faculty of New Brunswick Theological Seminary 365 Register of Alumni Attendance 366 The College Register Board of Trustees 378 Faculty 379 Graduate Students 380 Undergraduates 381 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS Old Queen 'B Frontispiece PAGE Governor Fielder, Chevalier van Rappard, President Demareet 4 Academic Procession, Friday 12 General View of the Pageant Setting 56 Pageant, Prolog : Philosophy and the Liberal Arts 60 Pageant, Episode I : The Fatted Calf 64 Pageant, Episode I : The Dutch Crossing the Karitan 68 Pageant, Episode II: The Granting of the Charter, 1766 72 Pageant, Episode III : Colonial Militia 76 Pageant, Episode III : The Reading of the Declaration 80 Pageant, Episode IV : The Laying of the Cornerstone 84 Pageant, Prolog : Knights and Monks 88 Pageant, Episode V: The Ball at Buceleuch 88 Pageant, Episode V : The Ball at Buceleuch 92 Pageant, Episode VI : The Flag Raising, 1861 96 Pageant, Episode VI : Citizens at the Flag Raising 100 Pageant Epilog: The Expansion of Learning 104 Pageant, Epilog : The Colonial Colleges 108 Academic Procession, Saturday 112 Academic Procession, Saturday 116 Alumni Parade, Saturday afternoon 120 Alumni Parade, Saturday afternoon 124 Alumni Parade on the Neilson Field 128 Parade on Neilson Field Flag Carried by Students 132 Tablet to Rutgers Men in the Revolution 136 Members of the First Intercollegiate Football Team 140 At the Football Game : Washington and Lee vs. Rutgers 144 Resolutions of the Board of Commissioners of New Brunswick 148 Tablet to Rutgers Men in the Civil War 174 Tablet to President Milledoler 174 Interior of the Kirkpatrick Chapel 184 Hardenbergh Memorial Window 192 Hendrick Fisher Tablet . . .198 vii INTRODUCTION The celebration of the one hundred and fiftieth anni- versary of the granting of the Eoyal Charter in 1766 to Queen's College, now Eutgers College, was formally de- termined and arrangements for it were actually begun by the Board of Trustees in 1915 when they appointed Clarence Ward, Ph.D., Professor of Architecture, Chair- man of a Celebration Committee to be organized by him. He associated with him as members of that committee Professor Louis Bevier, Dean, Professor Ralph G. Wright, Associate Professor Edmond W. Billetdoux, and Librarian George A. Osborn ; and this committee at once entered into consideration of the necessary arrangements for the occasion, having the President of the College, Dr. W. H. S. Demarest, in constant consultation with them and the Field Secretary of the Alumni Association, Mr. Earl R. Silvers, in constant cooperation. Professor Ward, as chairman, exercised general over- sight of all details, took under his individual direction all printing, and was in full and immediate charge of the pageant, which he personally prepared and directed. To Professor Bevier was given responsibility for the selec- tion and securing of speakers and for drawing up the lists of institutions and societies to which invitations should be sent. Professor Billetdoux was placed in control of the issuing of all invitations and of the entire correspond- ence with institutions, delegates, and guests. To Pro- fessor Wright was given charge of all arrangements for hospitality and transportation, for dinners and lunch- eons. Mr. Osborn, with Mr. Silvers, secretary, and Mr. Ralph W. Voorhees, assistant secretary, took upon them- selves all arrangements especially related to the alumni. Professor Walter T. Marvin was later designated to ar- 2 RUTGERS CELEBRATION range for the reception of guests, Professor Richard Morris for their registration, and Professor Frederick C. Minkler for the transportation to and from the pa- geant. The plans were so perfectly organized and the details so perfectly managed that the entire program was car- ried out with remarkable satisfaction and success at the appointed time. The days chosen for the celebration were Friday, Sat- urday, and Sunday, October 13, 14, and 15, the exact date of the granting of the Charter, November 10, being con- sidered too late for anticipating favorable weather condi- tions. Preceding the historical and academic exercises of these days, on Thursday, October 12, an educational conference was arranged, especially for the school officers and teachers of the State of New Jersey, and it became an important part of the Celebration exercises. The citizens of New Brunswick, deeply interested in the Celebration, were enlisted to insure its success, especially giving their cordial cooperation in opening their homes to visitors, in placing private conveyances at College disposal, in participating in the pageant, and in composing the anniversary chorus. The local Board of Trade offered their service in any possible way and distributed College banners of their own design through the City. The officials of New Brunswick, the mem- bers of the City Commission and heads of departments, by special attention gave all appropriate facilities. The Pennsylvania Railroad most courteously arranged all desired special stops of trains and in other ways most carefully and generously served the College's comfort and convenience through the four days. The undergraduates undertook large and indispensable service in many ways, not only by taking part in the pageant, but as well by placing their dormitory rooms at the disposal of guests and by acting as escorts from trains and to registration rooms, to lodgings, and at the places of meeting. INTRODUCTION 3 The property of the College received special appro- priate care and some notable renovation. The most note- worthy change was in the Kirkpatrick Chapel, where inner partitions were removed and the entire interior made into one assembly room. This was rendered possible by a gift of $10,000 for the purpose made by Mr. William P. Hardenbergh, as a memorial to his great-great-grand- father, the first President of the College, and the work was carried out by Mr. Henry J. Hardenbergh, his brother, who originally designed the building, and who at this time added as further memorial to President Hardenbergh a large stained glass window in the chancel, " Christ, the Great Teacher." The work of change and renovation could not be begun until August 12 and responsibility was laid upon the con- tractors for the most rapid construction consistent with first class workmanship. Remarkable skill, diligence, and personal interest shown by the contractors brought the work to completion in two months. The result is a Chapel even more attractive than before and providing an in- crease of nearly three hundred in seating capacity. Under the direction of Professor John C. Van Dyke, the portraits were hung in a more artistic way and in a way more consecutive historically. Two new portraits were added to the collection one of the recent President of the College, Dr. Austin Scott, presented as a graduation gift by the class of 1916, and one of President Demarest, presented at the anniversary time by the alumni of the College. Two tablets also were erected on the interior wall of the Chapel, one in memory of Hendrick Fisher, a founder of the College with Dr. Hardenbergh and first President of its Board of Trustees, presented by the New Jersey Chapter of the Society of Colonial Wars, and one in honor of Eutgers men enlisted for the Union in the Civil War, presented by the class of 1880. A third tablet, in memory of President Philip Milledoler, the gift of his grandson, Mr. Gerard Beekman, has since been erected. The organ, given in memory of George Buckham, Esq., 4 RUTGERS CELEBRATION of the class of 1832, by his daughter, Mrs. William J. Wright, and built by the Ernest M. Skinner Organ Com- pany of Boston at a cost of $10,000, was not completed at the anniversary time but has since been installed. The photographs of the graduating classes which had been in the Chapel lecture room were hung in the Alumni and Faculty House, the reception room of which had been entirely refurnished. The President's office which had also been in the Chapel building was removed to the Queen's Building. Arrangements had been completed for the needed paving of two sides of the Queen's Campus, and for the removing of telephone poles between it and the Neilson Campus, but the work, not done at the time, was completed a little later. A further change in the property marking the anniver- sary, to the great satisfaction of all, was the painting of the cupola and doors and window frames of old Queen's Building white. This change restored its early fashion, departed from more than fifty years ago, and greatly emphasized the Colonial character of the building and its beautiful proportions. Upon the outer wall was erected a tablet in honor of the Queen's College men who served in the Revolutionary War, the gift of the New Jersey Chapter of the Sons of the American Revolution. Within the building, the original Chapel room, used in later years for classroom purposes, was completely reno- vated and made the Fine Arts Room, the collections being disposed in it under direction of Professor Van Dyke on their removal from their room in the Chapel building in consequence of the renovation there. In Van Nest Hall was the general registration bureau, in charge of Professor Richard Morris and his associates, and the bureau of information, under the supervision of Professors William H. Kirk and J. Volney Lewis; the Alumni and Faculty House was the registration bureau for alumni, in charge of Mr. Charles P. Wilber, '05, and his associates. The Engineering Building was the men's building, in charge of Professor A. A. o O INTRODUCTION 5 Titsworth and his associates, where check rooms were provided and where the delegates from other institutions assumed their robes for the academic procession on Fri- day morning and where the Faculty similarly formed on Saturday morning. The Chemistry Building was made the women 's building, with all similar facilities provided. The Library was made a reception room for delegates and visitors at all times, and the delegates formed in academic procession there on Saturday morning with the Trustees and the candidates for honorary degrees. The Fine Arts Boom in the Queen's Building became the robing room for the Faculty forming in academic pro- cession on Friday morning. In the Physics Lecture Room of Geological Hall at the same time the Trus- tees held their brief meeting and put on their academic robes. The Chapel was made the assembly room of Trustees and delegates on Friday morning, and was the starting point of the academic procession. The John Howard Ford Dormitory was entirely given to delegates and other guests, the students having vacated their rooms and finding temporary quarters in Winants Hall or in fraternity and club houses, which also afforded accommodations to many visiting alumni members. The Theological Seminary also courteously placed its gym- nasium at the disposal of the College for dormitory use and many students were thus provided for. The Robert F. Ballantine Gymnasium was entirely set apart for the dinners and luncheons which were managed there by the caterer with great skill and efficiency. All of the collections of the College, including among others the scientific collections in Geological Hall Mu- seum, in New Jersey Hall, and in the Entomological Building, the fine arts collection in the Queen's Building, and the athletic collections in the Gymnasium, were open to visitors. Of especial interest was the collection of portraits in the Chapel and the historical collection in the Library, which was arranged in special and advantageous way, including manuscripts, publications, prints, photo- graphs, and various relics related to the early history of 6 RUTGERS CELEBRATION the College. Some valuable gifts were added at the time. Articles of historical interest were loaned to the collec- tion for the days of the Celebration. The collection re- mained a special exhibit for two weeks after the Celebra- tion, together with greetings from colleges and univer- sities and photographs and other items related to the Celebration itself. The weather during the four days was favorable save on Friday afternoon when slight rain lessened a little the effectiveness of the pageant, not, however, preventing or interrupting it. At its close the storm increased, con- siderably affecting the attendance of guests at the recep- tion given by Mr. James Neilson at "Woodlawn." The visitors coming for the Educational Conference came very generally for the day only, arriving by morning trains and leaving by late afternoon trains. Approxi- mately three hundred were in attendance, and the two sessions commanded great interest. Delegates, visitors, and alumni began to arrive on Thursday and many gath- ered with the Faculty at an informal reception at the President's house. Arrivals continued during Friday and the maximum number was in attendance on Saturday. About two hundred delegates, representing about one hundred and fifty institutions of higher learning, were present at one or the other formal academic function. Alumni were registered to the number of nine hundred, and more than one thousand were present for a part or for the whole of the Celebration. Visitors from the City and from elsewhere, several thousand in all, formed a great assembly at the pageant on Friday afternoon and at the football game on Saturday afternoon. By Sunday morning most of the delegates, out of town vis- itors, and alumni had departed; the large congregation at the anniversary sermon service was chiefly composed of those in close affiliation with the College. These with many fellow townsmen filled the old First Church to overflowing at the musical thanksgiving service which in the afternoon brought the Celebration to a splendid con- clusion. FRIDAY OCTOBER THIRTEENTH COMMEMORATION EXERCISES AND HISTORICAL ADDRESS First Reformed Church, 10:30 A. M. The formal celebration, following upon the Educa- tional Conference 1 of the preceding day, began on Friday, October 13th. The academic procession formed at 10 A. M. The Trustees and the delegates from other insti- tutions assembled in the Chapel; the Faculty, Judges of the New Jersey Courts, Commissioners of the City of New Brunswick and other guests, not delegates, and the honorary graduates assembled in the Queen's Building. The alumni formed on the Queen's Campus and the undergraduates formed with the College battalion on the Neilson Campus. The battalion, followed by the other students, fresh- men first and seniors last, marched through the Queen's Campus past the Chapel ; the alumni, in order from latest graduation to earliest graduation, marched past the Chapel into line ; the honorary graduates and guests and Faculty followed ; and the delegates and Trustees passed out of the Chapel at the end of the procession, President Demarest and Governor Fielder being last. Led by the band and by the Chief Marshal, Professor Ward, the pro- cession moved, two by two, each division led by its mar- shal, through George Street, Paterson Street, and Neilson Street, lined with spectators, to the old Dutch Reformed Church. When the head of procession reached the church it stopped, the line was divided, division after division, by its marshal, until the Chief Marshal, passing back through the centre, reached the President of the College and the Governor; he then returned, followed by them, and the procession, thus reversing itself, passed into the church in order of academic and graduation precedence. The 1 The program of the Educational Conference begins on page 209. 10 EUTGEES CELEBEATION procession filled the body of the church and the galleries. Seats at the sides of the church had been reserved for the most immediate friends of the College and were filled. Few of the undergraduates or general visitors were able to secure place. All remained standing until the last of the procession had entered the church. The President of the College, the Governor of the State, Chevalier W. L. F. C. van Rappard, Minister from the Netherlands, President Ame Vennema of Hope Col- lege, the Rev. John W. Beardslee, D.D., LL.D., of the class of 1860, and the Rev. Henry E. Cobb, D.D., of the class of 1884, were on the platform. The exercises were of great interest and were carried out with great spirit. The singing of the hymns was stirring in the extreme and the speakers were enthusiastically received by the audience. COMMEMORATION EXERCISES Governor FIELDER: The invocation will be offered by the Eeverend John W. Beardslee, of the class of 1860. Invocation Kev. JOHN W. BEARDSLEE, Class of 1860 Almighty God, our Heavenly Father, we have met to- gether this morning in Thy name to render thanks and praise to Thee for the great blessings Thou hast granted unto us. We pray Thou wilt help us to come with the right spirit, remembering that every good and perfect gift comes from Thee. And as we speak of all Thy good- ness to us we pray, God, that we may have grace given to us to use the blessings unto Thy glory and unto the good of those about us. As we are assembled here this morning our hearts go back through the years that have passed, and we remem- ber what our fathers have done with faith and love, look- ing unto Thee because Thou hast promised a blessing. We thank Thee that all down the history of those years we can see how Thy guiding hand has been upon us as an institution of learning. We thank Thee for the grad- FRIDAY, OCTOBER THIRTEENTH 11 ual development of its resources and for the Institution as a working force in the world. We rejoice this morn- ing as we think of how many men have gone forth from its walls to do good service to God and to their fellow men. We pray, as we are sitting here this morning, we pray Thee we may have grace given unto us that we may appreciate the great responsibilities that come upon us because of this record of the past. Forbid that we should come here rejoicing in what we have attained through Thy grace and blessing, and failing to look forward to the greater things which are for us to do in the future. Lift up our minds, enlarge, we pray Thee, our under- standing of Thy work in the world. May we go forth in Thy name and do greater deeds than our fathers have done. We pray that Thou wilt bless all that may be done this day and during these exercises, and that as we go back to our homes and to our fields of labor we may have and we may carry with us higher aspirations and truer visions of the Kingdom of God in the world and a deeper sense of our obligation to do good unto each man as we have opportunity. So may the lessons of Thy providence quicken our faith and may we be consecrated in the good work and word whereby Thy name may be glorified and those about us may be brought up into a higher and bet- ter life. Bless this College in all its work, and we pray that it may ever cherish the motives which directed its founders and which have inspired the men who have brought it to this point. Hear our prayer, O God; command Thy blessing in the years to come as Thou hast done in the past ; and so may the progress of the Institution carry greater light and greater inspiration to men everywhere ; and as they go forth all over the earth we pray that they may carry with them the Gospel of Jesus, which underlies all our prosperity. We ask it in the name of Jesus Christ, our Saviour. Amen. 12 EUTGERS CELEBRATION Governor FIELDER : Let us all join in singing the hymn "A Mighty Fortress is our God." EIN' FESTE BURG A mighty fortress is our God, A bulwark never failing; Our helper He amid the flood Of mortal ills prevailing; For still our ancient foe Doth seek to work us woe; His craft and power are great, And armed with cruel hate, On earth is not his equal. Did we in our own strength confide, Our striving would be losing, Were not the right Man on our side, The Man of God's own choosing: Dost ask who that may be? Christ Jesus, it is He! Lord Sabaoth, His name, From age to age the same; And He must win the battle. And though this world, with devils filled, Should threaten to undo us, We will not fear, for God hath willed His truth to triumph through us: The prince of darkness grim We tremble not for him; His rage we can endure; For lo, his doom is sure; One little word shall fell him. That word above all earthly powers No thanks to them abideth; The Spirit and the gifts are ours, Through Him who with us sideth: Let goods and kindred go, This mortal life also; The body they may kill, God's truth abideth still; His kingdom is forever. Martin Luther 1529; Tr. by Frederick Henry Hodge 1852. FRIDAY, OCTOBER THIRTEENTH 13 ADDRESS JAMES F. FIELDER, LL.D. Governor of the State of New Jersey It is peculiarly fitting and proper that in these inter- esting exercises commemorating the one hundred and fiftieth anniversary of the founding of old Queen's Col- lege the State of New Jersey should be officially repre- sented, and I count myself fortunate and honored that at this moment I happen to be the Governor and there- fore entitled to speak for the State. We who belong to New Jersey by birth and for whom the State holds all the affection that attaches to the home land are especially proud of this old College that for a century and a half has been one of the State's noted landmarks. Those sturdy ancestors of ours, intent upon establish- ing a permanent home in the new country to which they had come, understood well that the structure of a success- ful civilization must be builded upon religion and educa- tion; and so, from the earliest times, the church and the schoolhouse were linked together and the pastor of the one was frequently the schoolmaster of the other. It was therefore only natural that the movement for the estab- lishment of colleges in the Province of New Jersey should be led by the clergy, and so through the efforts of the Presbyterian Church, Princeton College was founded, and shortly thereafter the Reformed Dutch Church, through the Governor of the Province, obtained a royal charter from King George the Third, in 1766, and brought into existence old Queen's College. Mutterings of the dreadful days to come were already in the air. The stirring days that preceded the final break with the mother country were almost upon the founders of the College, but the desire to establish a theological seminary and an institution for higher edu- cation was so deeply imbedded in their hearts that they were in no degree dismayed. Scarcely had the College 14 RUTGERS CELEBRATION been established, however, when the Revolutionary War broke in all its fury, calling faculty, scholars, and founders to bear their part in the great struggle for the independence of the Colonies. Through the vicissitudes of war and the embarrassment of financial troubles the College bravely struggled, the loyalty, faith, and efforts of her supporters never failing, until she finally emerged from the trials that beset her and proceeded on her way toward the success she has since achieved. In 1825 application was made to the State for leave to change her corporate title, which request was promptly granted, and from thenceforth, in honor of her warm friend and patron, Col. Henry Eutgers, she has been legally known by the corporate title "The Trustees of Eutgers College in New Jersey." It must have been prior to that date, for I find no record subsequent to that time, that the interests of the College and the State first became closely united, through the designation of the Governor, the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court, and the Attorney-General as ex officio members of the Board of Trustees. This relation has continued to this time, and while the multitude of other duties has prevented me from performing the duties of the honorable office of trustee of this great College as I would wish, I have greatly enjoyed the several times I have been here and I have learned to appreciate the advantages of the close ties existing between the State and the College. From time to time it became apparent that much closer connection with the College would be of benefit to our citizens and this has been accomplished through various acts of the Legislature, the earliest passed in 1864, whereby the State designated Eutgers College as the State College and adopted it as part of its school system, providing free scholarships therein and making pro- vision for its support out of State funds. This closer union has proved of great advantage to many a deserving youth of the State whose family financial conditions could not provide a college education, but who, through the co- FEIDAY, OCTOBER THIRTEENTH 15 operation of the College and the State, have been enabled to pass through these halls. Many of them have taken prominent positions in the business and civic life of this country, which otherwise might not have been theirs. Agriculture is the fundamental industry of the world. Through wise and liberal appropriations the State has encouraged and assisted the agricultural department of the College and has helped to make it notable for its thorough and efficient courses of instruction. The great popularity and value of these courses is attested by the increasing number of scholars in attendance each year, and through the knowledge of scientific and intensive farming thus disseminated, the State has greatly in- creased in agricultural wealth. Would the occasion permit, I might at greater length point out the advantages accruing through the union be- tween the State and the College, but it is sufficient now to say that the relation is permanent and to the lasting benefit of our citizens. May I express to the President of the College my appreciation of his efforts which are so largely responsi- ble for the cordial understanding which exists between the State officials and his Board of Trustees; and may I congratulate him, the Trustees, and the Faculty upon the position Rutgers has attained among the colleges of our country; and may I give voice to the hope, which I know is in the heart of her sons and in the heart of every true Jerseyman, that this, our College, shall continue to grow and prosper as a force for the higher education of our people. Governor FIELDER : May I now present the President, Dr. William H. S. Demarest, who will deliver the his- torical address. 16 RUTGERS CELEBRATION HISTORICAL ADDRESS W. H. S. DEMAEEST, D.D., LL.D. President of Rutgers College It is fitting that we gather in this house of God to honor the College now one hundred and fifty years old. Nearly three centuries ago the first minister came from the Netherlands to New Amsterdam, and the first school- master. Two centuries ago this church was organized in this new Dutch settlement. One century ago this house was built. Midway between the organizing of this communion and the erecting of this house, the College was founded, with the minister and the elder of this church counted among the living stones of its foundation. Here in the day of the College's birth, John Leydt preached the word and urged the start of a training school for the elect young men of his blood and faith ; and Hendrick Fisher, ruling elder, high in the councils of the Province, spared no toil that the College movement pros- per. Jacob Rutsen Hardenbergh, minister of this church, was first President of the College. Ira Condict, minister of this church, presided over it when its present oldest edifice was built in 1809. The churchyard here, a step from where we sit, is the resting place of many men who served the College in their day: Hardenbergh, Condict, Livingston, Frelinghuysen, Presidents ; De Witt, Ludlow, Van Vranken, Schureman, Woodhull, Cannon, Pro- fessors. The people of the Netherlands, sturdy in the Reforma- tion faith, were, as we well know, likewise pledged to the cause of sound and broad education. Their univer- sities and common schools in the earlier days of the modern times bear witness to their zeal for the higher learning and for the common intelligence. The families from that fatherland, coming from such tradition, did not come for the sake of their religion or for the sake of freedom in thought or conscience. Nor did they come FRIDAY, OCTOBER THIRTEENTH 17 in flight from poverty to find a chance to make at least a living. They came bringing their freedom and, well to do, to make investment of themselves and their pos- sessions in a new land which promised rare opportunity for worldly welfare. There were churches soon and ministers here and there in New Amsterdam, Brooklyn, Fort Orange, Kingston, Bergen, in the midyears of the seventeenth century. And ancient schools there were, in New Amsterdam and Bergen and the other centers of the farming and trading life. The missionary Bertholf, only Dutch minister in New Jersey until 1709, made his missionary journeys up and down these valleys of the Earitan, the Hackensack, the Passaic, moving the people to build into a church life the faith they held. And then these churches in the provinces of New York and New Jersey were much without the needed ministry. The ministers, it was thought, must come from the father- land. Whence, otherwise, in the earliest days could they come, trained to their work and speaking a language understood? Even later on, when men trained in the- ology might be found on this side the water and when the English tongue had begun its conquest over the Dutch, whence could the needed soundness of the faith and excellence of discipline come save from the old and well-tried schools? Perhaps it was the ministers them- selves rather than the congregations that insisted on this Holland education and ordination. Among them leaders must arise, who, alive to the needs of the churches and to the trouble and expense of education abroad, would give themselves to the making of an American church and of home institutions of sacred and secular learning. In 1719 Theodorus Jacobus Frelinghuysen came from the old country and took upon himself the charge of all the churches in this Earitan Valley, in what are now the counties of Somerset and Middlesex; and with him was Jacobus Schureman, the schoolmaster. The church of this immediate vicinity was three miles west of this spot, Three Mile Eun. There was his home, and there he was 18 RUTGERS CELEBRATION buried. His labors in this widespreading parish began a new era in its life. He was an evangelist of rare spirit- ual power. With Tennent and Whitefield he was a fel- low spirit and he played his part in the Great Awakening at its crest, in the fourth decade of the century. He was the progressive of his church and time. In 1738 he and some men of like mind with him held first formal con- ference looking to some freedom from old Amsterdam; and three years later an organization was formed, own- ing still allegiance to the Church abroad, but undertaking some free privilege. Here and there a young man was taught in the home of some minister and in due time ordained by a circle of the ministers assuming that right. In challenge of this hint of independence, ministers and elders more conservative formed their rival conference, and a sharp controversy lasting almost a generation was born. It was natural that the men of American ideals should grow steadily in zeal for an academy, a university of their own. Nor was it an instant and sure conclusion that Amsterdam herself would disapprove of this; it is worth while to propose it there and even to think of gaining rich support in Holland. Indeed on this point as well as on that of church authority it would seem as if the fathers in the old world were less anxious about their prerogatives in the new world than were their zealous sons established here. And again it is a strange twist of view, but aptly born perhaps of ruffled feelings, that the champions of the old world rule became the advocates of other connection in this land as against the zeal for a foundation of their own. For we have reached the time when colleges were founded by others close at hand : Princeton, then known as the College of New Jersey, in 1746, with the question pending between 1750 and 1752 whether it should be at New Brunswick or Princeton; Columbia, then Kings, in 1754. Young men would go to one or to the other, or to Yale or to Pennsylvania per- haps, and there was fair chance to argue that the sons FEIDAY, OCTOBER THIRTEENTH 19 of the Hollanders needed at least no academic institution of their own, only the chair of theology attached with an existing college, primarily Kings or perhaps Prince- ton. It was a son of the first Frelinghuysen who called the independent party to action. One son, John, was in the parsonage at Raritan, now Somerville, serving churches that his father had served before him. There in a room set apart one young man or another was being taught language and theology. One son, Theodorus, was min- ister at Albany, in the old Fort Orange Church. He it was and we are reminded that we are thinking of a people and a question not confined to this valley or this Province but belonging to the Province of New York as well he it was who, after a journey on horseback in the dead of winter through the Hudson Valley declaring his cause and gathering strength from the ministers and parishes, called ministers and elders to meet at New York City "to deal with our church affairs, as well as an Academy where our youth who are devoted to study may receive instruction." Assembled in such convention May 27, 1755, from a score of places, the churches of the Hudson, and as far as Schenectady, of Long Island and Staten Island, of northern and central New Jersey, and of the Delaware over thirty men in all they ap- proved the proposed academy and a plan of contribu- tions and appointed Mr. Frelinghuysen delegate to proceed to Holland in this behalf, giving him a high commission in sonorous Latin: "Therefore we * * * do resolve in these present critical times to strive with all our energy, and in the fear of God, to plant a university or seminary for young men destined for study in the learned languages and in the liberal arts, and who are to be instructed in the philosophical sciences; also, that it may be a school of the prophets in which young Levites and Nazarites of God may be prepared to enter upon the sacred ministerial office." From the day of that deliverance the founding of the College was never in 20 RUTGERS CELEBRATION doubt. But it was not to come without hardness and delay. The church at Albany was unwilling to let its minister leave it for the long absence and the other task. The opposition was sharp, especially from the minister in New York. In Amsterdam little sympathy was shown. After four years of perplexity and of impatient waiting, the delegate to Holland took his departure, writing his wife as he starts a letter telling rare affection and com- pelling conscience in the journey before him. It was an ill-starred journey after all. We know little of it, but plainly he had no very great success; and, journeying home, approaching New York, by some mischance he was lost from the vessel, drowned in the waters of the harbor. He had given his life to the cause. John Fre- linghuysen too, at Raritan, had finished his work. In his parsonage, pastor of his church, was Jacob Eutsen Hardenbergh, from the Hardenbergh Patent near Kings- ton on the Hudson, a young man who had studied with him and who married his widow, the famous Dinah van Bergh, the Juffrow Hardenbergh. He was a patriot, a statesman, a man of spirit and faith. The college enter- prise fell into strong hands when it came to him; and John Leydt at New Brunswick was no whit behind him. And northward at Tappan was Domine Samuel Ver- brycke, with whom attaches, as it happens, the first ref- erence we have to the charter effort itself. In a letter of early 1762 it is said this minister "had engaged, with other ministers * * to obtain from the Governor of New Jersey a Charter for the erection of an academy in that province" "and, when refused by one governor, sought it from his successors." In 1763 Hardenbergh went to Holland where, a letter runs, "he has already begun to gather in the moneys secured by Rev. Freling- huysen." In 1764 he himself writes "that two governors have refused their request, they mean to try it with the third." Their persistence then is crowned with success, for on November 10, 1766, the charter of Queen's College was granted by George the Third, in answer to petition of his loving subjects of the Church of the Netherlands. FRIDAY, OCTOBER THIRTEENTH 21 No copy of this charter is, so far as we know, in exist- ence. Its contents may be surely known, almost with completeness, from the second charter, granted in 1770, a copy of which printed in that year is in the College's possession. It begins: "George the Third by the grace of God, of Great Britain, France, and Ireland, King, Defender of the Faith, etc." It grants "that there be a college, called Queen's College, erected in our said Province of New Jersey." It declares the object of the College : ' ' for the education of youth in the learned lan- guages, liberal and useful arts and sciences, and espe- cially in divinity, preparing them for the ministry and for other good offices." The charter lays no church re- quirement on members of the Board of Trustees or of the Faculty any more than on the students. This one thing is required, that the Trustees in electing a Presi- dent of the College shall always choose a "member of the Dutch Reformed Church aforesaid." It provided for a professor of divinity. It required that there should be "at least one professor, or teacher, well versed in the English language." It directed that the Board of Trustees should consist of forty-one members, four of them (later three) officers of the Province (later the State) of New Jersey, including the Governor, who should be ex officio president of the Board when present at its meetings. A call for a meeting of the Trustees was issued, which rehearsed the securing of the charter, the list of those constituted by it the original Board of Trustees and summoned the members to assemble at the "County House at Hackensack Town" on the second Tuesday of May, 1767. Among these Trustees and those named in the charter of 1770 differed in only one or two particulars were Philip Livingston, Colonel Hardenbergh, and his son the minister, Sir William Johnson, a Hasbrouck, Hoffman, Brinckerhoff, Vrooman, Ten Eyck, Schenck, Zabriskie, Du Bois, Philip French, and Hendrick Fisher, apparently the first president of the Board in the absence 22 RUTGEKS CELEBRATION of the governor. Meetings were thenceforth called twice a year, in May and October: they were held sometimes in New Brunswick, sometimes elsewhere, usually at the public house. The College did not start at once. Prob- ably lack of resources was the chief reason, but lack of agreement as to its location may have had something to do with it. There evidently was much rivalry. There is some reason to think that Domine Frelinghuysen of Albany, ten years before, had his mind on an academy there as the good foundation. Domine Goetschius, it was now said, had established an academy at Hackensack as a good prelude to the College going there. Domine Ver- brycke at Tappan was equally alert in his locality. And here at New Brunswick (where Jacobus Schureman probably had taught in the very early days) there was founded a school perhaps as early as 1762, certainly before 1770, which, preceding the College in actual work, has continued until now, with virtually unbroken record, the Grammar School of the College. A meeting held at Hackensack, May 7, 1771, decided that the College should be planted at New Brunswick. Hackensack lost the prize for which it urgently strove by the close vote of ten to seven. The reason stated for the choice was the larger financial offer of New Bruns- wick. A fact also in point, no doubt, was the large in- fluence of Domine Hardenbergh and Hendrick Fisher. One thing suggested as also bearing upon it was the nearer vicinity of the German churches of Pennsylvania, at that time quite united with the Dutch, from which students might be expected. The town was at that time still very small, of course. Some English settlers were here early, and the ferry over the Baritan on the high road from New York to Philadelphia made it familiar in the Colonial life. The Dutch settlers came from Albany, giving that name to the street where they lived; and at the accession of the House of Brunswick the growing town received its present name. It had formed its city government in 1734, one of the earliest cities in all the FRIDAY, OCTOBER THIRTEENTH 23 colonies. The Swedish traveller, Peter Kalm, in his ac- counts of American travel, speaks of the city as it was when he visited it in 1748 ; and in his ' * Travels in Amer- ica," 1759-60, Rev. Andrew Barney describes it: "A small town of about 100 houses, situated upon Raritan River, where there are also very neat barracks for 300 men, a church, and a Presbyterian meeting house. It is celebrated for the number of its beauties and indeed at this place and Philadelphia were the handsomest women that I saw in America. At a small distance from the town is a copper mine, belonging to a Mr. French (I was told a pretty good one)." This mine was partly on the present Neilson Campus. When once the place had been determined, the start of college work did not delay. The second Tuesday of November of that year, 1771, five years perhaps to a day after the granting of the first charter, Queen's College opened its doors. The Trustees in announcing the College say that they have appointed Mr. Frederick Frelinghuysen as the tutor who is to instruct the students in order to prepare them for the usual degrees and is also to teach the English language grammatically. They add: "It is supposed that the character of the gentleman appointed tutor is become so well known by discovering his scholarly genius in the course of his studies at Nassau Hall (where he had a liberal education) that it needs no further recom- mendation from us." They also say that the Reverend Messrs. Light, Har- denbergh, and Van Harlingen are to take the government and direction of the College, with the tutor aforesaid, until a well qualified President can be procured. "The public," they say, "may depend upon finding good and sufficient board at private houses and as cheap (if not cheaper) than at any other place where colleges are located. As said College is calculated to promote learn- ing in general for the good of the community therefore the general students may be expected to be treated with 24 RUTGERS CELEBRATION becoming candour without any discrimination with re- spect to their religious sentiments." Six months later the tutor himself advertises that the College was actually started at the appointed time. He adds: "Any parents or guardians who may be inclined to send their children to this institution may depend upon having them in- structed with the greatest care and diligence." "The strictest regard will be paid to their moral conduct and, in a word, to everything which may tend to render them a pleasure to their friends and an ornament to their species. Also to obviate the objection of some to send- ing their children, on account of their small proficiency in English, a proper person has been provided who at- tends at the Grammar School an hour a day and teaches reading, writing, and arithmetic with becoming accuracy. It is hoped that the above considerations, together with the healthy and convenient situation of the place, on a pleasant and navigable river in the midst of a plentiful country, the reasonableness of the inhabitants and the price of board and the easy access from all places, either by land or water, will be estimated by the considerate public as a sufficient recommendation of this infant Col- lege which (as it is erected upon so catholic a plan) will undoubtedly prove advantageous to our new American country by assisting its sister seminaries to cultivate truth, piety, learning, and liberty." Mr. Frelinghuysen was the son of the Eev. John Frelinghuysen, the step- son of Eev. Jacob Eutsen Hardenbergh. He had been graduated from Princeton in 1770, and began work as tutor of Queen's College when less than nineteen years of age. No doubt he began the work well, but it does not appear that he continued long in charge of it; as he himself said, he had learned patriotism as well as Greek at the feet of Witherspoon, and he was soon busy at the bringing forth of the new nation, serving with distinction on the field and in council. He became a Colonel of militia and after the war Brigadier General. He was eminent in the profession of law. He was a member of FRIDAY, OCTOBER THIRTEENTH 25 the Provincial Congress, the Continental Congress, and the Committee of Safety, and was a United States Sen- ator. In private life he was held in singularly high esteem and his death, on his fifty-first birthday, seemed sadly premature. With him in the college work soon after its start was John Taylor, his classmate at Prince- ton. Perhaps he had been in charge of the school at first. He too became a Colonel in the patriot army and was as well a trusted counsellor in general affairs. He remained in charge of the College when Frelinghuysen withdrew. He left his students from time to time, in the exigencies of war, but apparently did not, for a long time, surrender his responsibility for them. Meantime the Trustees were looking for a president. No doubt Dr. Hardenbergh was informally or temporarily in that position but the Trustees, he guiding them no doubt, wrote to Amsterdam for advice as to some one who might come over to fill the office and at the same time be pro- fessor of divinity. The Church approving this, the quali- fications which they present as appropriate, in a letter of 1772, indicate that Trustees were perhaps more exact- ing in those days than they are now: 1. He is to teach theology ; 2. He is to teach the languages, through tutors ; 3. On the Lord's Day he will have to do more or less of the work of a minister; 4. He must be a man of tried piety; 5. He must be attached to the constitution of the Netherland Church; 6. A man of thorough learning; 7. Well natured; 8. Free and friendly in conversation; 9. Master of the English language, though he may dictate in Latin ; finally, he should be pleased to dictate on Marks Medulla. Who is sufficient for these things ! No wonder there was no president secured from Holland and no president for a dozen years from anywhere; and, more, the chair of theology even then was not filled. The Dutch Keformed Church, having in its wisdom decided to found its own professorship in 1774, after delay due to the war, filled it in 1784 by the choice of the Rev. Dr. John Henry Livingston, a choice which was the origin of the Theo- 26 EUTGERS CELEBRATION logical Seminary, the oldest in the land, which removed to New Brunswick in the person of Dr. Livingston, in 1810. So it was that, at the very beginning, the College and the Church failed to enter into the union which had been contemplated through all the years preceding. The college work was housed in the building at the corner of what are now Albany and Neilson Streets, later owned by Dr. Hardenbergh and on the site later for many years and until now occupied by a hotel, the northeast corner of the streets. The work was at times removed from New Brunswick in the circumstances of war, for New Brunswick was in the pathway of the armies. The British were in the city at different times. They occupied it in large force from December, 1776, to June, 1777, while Washington watched them from his camp at Middlebrook, a few miles away, where he and Dr. Hardenbergh became familiar friends. Just above the river, just beyond the College on what is now the college park, Alexander Hamilton planted his small bat- tery to arrest, if he might, the crossing of the British into the town. Maps recently drawn from long time hiding places show just where the British regiment encamped. One regiment was on the seminary hill and northward, and a Hessian battalion was stretched on what is now the college campus itself, crossing Hamilton Street from Bleecker Place to where old Queen 's building now stands. The College was transferred at one time, and perhaps more than once, to Hillsboro, now Millstone, where the old Van Harlingen home which housed it still stands at the end of the road which winds down to the bridge. At other time it was transferred to what was then called North Branch, at the forks of the north and south branches of the Raritan, where its students were gath- ered in the church at the fork of the road (long since disappeared, and replaced by the church at Eeadington) or in the Vosseler house nearby. Some knowledge of those early college days comes to us from the John Bo- gart letters discovered not long ago, letters written by FRIDAY, OCTOBER THIRTEENTH 27 John Taylor, early tutor, and by students of Queen's College to John Bogart, student and graduate, and others written by Bogart himself. He was graduated in 1778. For a time prior to that apparently he was in charge of the Grammar School, removed to Earitan, and on occa- sion John Taylor left the college students at North Branch in his charge. On July 2, 1779, John Taylor writes to John Bogart: "In consequence of a letter from Eliz: Town I am under the necessity of going off to-morrow morning to take command at that Post. As Tutor of Queen's College and Lt. Colonel of the State Regiment I desire that you will parade next Monday morning at the N. Branch and do me the favor, and your Country service by taking care of the students." And he adds his directions as to the studies each student is to pursue, Natural Philosophy, Euclid, Xenophon, Arithmetic, Logic, Geography, Virgil, the Eclogues, Cicero, as the case may be for Mr. Van Arsdalen, Mr. Blauvelt, Mr. Van Wyck, Mr. Courtland, and the rest. The first public commencement was in October, 1774. The account states : "Mr. Matthew Light of New Bruns- wick was the only candidate for the degree of Batchelor of Arts, who delivered orations in Latin, Dutch, and Eng- lish with high applause." Certain members of the next class "spoke with gracefulness and propriety on various subjects. ' ' A number of ladies and gentlemen of the town entertained the audience "and the whole was conducted in a manner that gave satisfaction to the very numerous and respectable assembly." Dr. Hardenbergh presided that day and he no doubt did so during his pastorate at Earitan, which continued until 1781. There were not many students or graduates during those first years, but they were a distinguished group. There were men who, as ministers of the gospel, gained distinction. There was James Schureman, citizen, soldier, churchman, United States Senator; Simeon De Witt, who became geographer in chief of the American army, Chancellor 28 EUTGERS CELEBRATION of the University of the State of New York, engineer of the Erie canal and of upper New York City, founder of the public land system of the United States; Jeremiah Smith, member of Congress, Chief Justice of New Hamp- shire, Governor of New Hampshire, whose son, still liv- ing, has in only recent years retired from active pro- fessorship in the Harvard Law School. In 1783 the Trustees chose Dr. Dirck Romeyn as President, the min- ister of the Church of Hackensack, who later in the church of Schenectady became the virtual founder of Union College. He was chosen because the churches of New Brunswick and Six Mile Run, which were to have the College President as their pastor, insisted upon him ; but he declined, and in 1785 Dr. Hardenbergh, who had been the Trustees ' first choice, was chosen. The churches assented, and he accepted. He had been for three or four years in the church of Rochester, Ulster County, New York, and he now returned to the neighborhood of his earlier parish. In the same year Andrew Kirk- patrick, afterward Chief Justice of the State of New Jersey, whose family name attaches with the College Chapel, took charge of the Grammar School. Student problems in those days were not entirely different from those of the present. We find the price of student board much discussed; and the students of Queen's College in- vite their friends to the exhibition of a tragedy; and they address to the Trustees proposals of reform in the operation of the College. The College, as we have said, was at the corner of Albany and Neilson Streets, but in 1787 to 1788 a change was undertaken ; the College was moved to the site where the Soldiers' Monument now stands, where the Second Presbyterian Church stood, at the foot of Livingston Avenue. George Street then ended there on the south. The College owned much land east of George Street and northward. The college hall was a frame building, front- ing north, without cupola or belfry. When the College was through with it twenty years later it was moved FEIDAY, OCTOBEE THIRTEENTH 29 to allow street extension and placed on Schureman Street, the north side, east of George, where a portion of it still stands. The Grammar School also was housed in the building and for a time had its exclusive use. During these years still, the graduates were a line of rather unusual men, but there were not many of them. The College was having hard times. Money did not come in, and in 1790 Dr. Hardenbergh died. He had lived a long time in his few years. A leader in the Church and College and State, he was worn out at fifty years of age. On the stone at his grave, a few rods away, you may read the inscription, written probably by Dr. Livingston, pay- ing high and affectionate tribute to him. Naturally after his death the situation of the College became even more serious. John Taylor had taught now and again, and now withdrew to the newly founded Union College to give to it the few remaining years of his life. There seemed no one ready to take up the work. A plan was fully devised for the union of Princeton and Queen's and in 1793 a committee was appointed to confer with a committee from Princeton; and then the Trustees of Queen 's refused to approve of the proposal by a vote of nine to eight. And at this time, curiously, there was a medical school attached for a short time, certain pro- fessors, seceding from a New York medical school, enter- ing into connection. Dr. William Linn, of the Collegiate Church of New York City, became acting president, but such formal leadership could not give the College growth nor even keep it long active. The idea arose that it was best to give all support to the Grammar School; and so after the commencement of 1794 the college courses were suspended and for nearly fifteen years, it proved. The time becomes the background for the rare character and noble service of two men. One was John Croes. The Grammar School had been continued and in 1801 Mr. Croes, Episcopal minister, received a call from the Col- lege to take charge of the school and a call from Christ Church of New Brunswick to be its rector. He served 30 EUTGERS CELEBRATION both the school and the church for seven years. He had high reputation as an educator ; the school was advertised in the South as well as North, and students came from a distance, many of them. His name deserves high and lasting remembrance for the devoted and fruitful service he gave this school of the Dutch foundation. In a way it really was the continued life of the College. He nobly represents the Protestant Episcopal element which through all the history of the College has played so fine and large a part in the Board of Trustees, Faculty, and student body. In 1808, when the school was still pros- perous, he felt the double burden too great, and confined himself thenceforth to the pastor's office alone. In 1816, just one hundred years ago, he became first Bishop of New Jersey. The other man standing out in the period is Dr. Ira Condict, the Dutch Church minister, who became acting president. With others, he would not give up the College and in time he gave himself in rare self-sacrifice to a new beginning of the work. Chief Justice Kirk- patrick in 1807 offered a resolution, which was unani- mously carried, approving a new start and the building of a college hall, "in view of the country's rapid increase in wealth and the desire for sound education." The General Synod of the Dutch Reformed Church was ap- proached with view to union of theology with the College. The so-called Covenant of 1807 was adopted. The land of the present Queen's Campus was secured by gift and a little by purchase from the family of James Parker of Amboy; plans for the building were made by John McComb, architect of the City Hall and St. John's Church in New York and of Nassau Hall at Princeton. Dr. Condict, Abraham Blauvelt, and others devoted them- selves to the securing of subscriptions and to the erec- tion of the building, and their devotion was crowned with success. Through fifteen years only the eastern end of the hall was complete; part of the west end was used, and the center was not usable at all. Dr. John H. Livingston was elected President and in 1810 he re- FRIDAY, OCTOBER THIRTEENTH 31 moved to New Brunswick to serve the College and to continue his work in theology. He had been the church's professor in New York and on Long Island since 1784 and he now united the chair with the College as had been really intended nearly forty years before. It was under- stood that he was not to give other college instruction, indeed not much college administration. He was to be the official head and there was to be a Vice-President. Dr. Condict held this office at first but died in 1810, worn out with his abundant labors, and Dr. John Schureman succeeded him. Robert Adrain was called from Colum- bia College to be professor of mathematics. The gen- eral synod of the Church was to have a certain superin- tendence. Thus we have a university plan: a graduate school of theology attached with the undergraduate or literary school; and it is interesting to note that during this period there was, for the second time and very brief time, also a medical school attached with the College, growing out of circumstance similar to that in 1792, as a third incident of the same sort was to be in 1827. The union of the theological school and literary school seemed promising, but it did not prove enduring. Theology was dominant and the literary department did not grow strong. Between 1809 and 1816 some students were graduated, of later distinction, as Professor Jacob Green of Princeton, Supreme Court Justice Mundy of Michigan, Governor Stratton of New Jersey. More money was needed, a "professorial fund" was raised, but it was for the chair of theology. In the necessity for larger endow- ment a lottery was resorted to, as so often in those days by various institutions, including the churches. The Legislature granted the lottery privilege in 1812. It was put in the hands of a committee of trustees and they se- cured a professional manager. It appears from the re- ports that large prizes were actually distributed. It does not appear, however, that the College was much the gainer. Another incident of the time, a very happy one, was the gift of Elias Van Bunschooten for the aid of 32 RUTGERS CELEBRATION students for the ministry or for other purposes of Queen's College. He was domine of the Dutch Church on the Delaware and well to do as things went in those days. Dr. Livingston had put the cause before him with much earnestness. At the Synod of 1814 he marched up the aisle of the church where the session was and laid upon the table $14,000. It was a large gift for those days. It was later increased. It was perhaps the first gift of its kind and it became the incentive to large like liberality from many sources through the years after. In 1816, after much debate, the literary department was again discontinued and the building was surrendered to theology and to the Grammar School, with some part of the building reserved for residence ; for it is interest- ing to note that from the beginning until 1865 professors resided in the old Queen's Building, at either end, Pro- fessor Samuel M. Woodbridge being the last to so occupy it, save Professor Bowser who as recently as 1910 had his living room on the top floor in the west end. Pre- paratory work and theology continued through the years until in 1824 the literary department was again revived. A new covenant was entered into between the Synod and the Trustees, the Covenant of 1824, and the building was sold to the Synod. This was done that the College might have funds to meet its obligations and because theology so largely used the hall. At the same time the Trustees made petition to the Legislature for a change of name to Eutgers College. The change seems to us now rather extraordinary. King's College had changed to Columbia soon after the Revolutionary "War, and change at that time is quite readily understood. Perhaps the Queen's College Trustees felt that the College had not by high prosperity confirmed any name it bore and that change might help in the new era. No sentiment for the old name appears. Henry Eutgers was a foremost citizen in New York City and a leader in the Church, wealthy and a liberal supporter of all good causes church, city, education, benevolence. He had been a Trustee of Queens FRIDAY, OCTOBER THIRTEENTH 33 and a supporter of it. After the College was given his name, not before, he gave $5,000 to it, still held in trust for it by the Synod. "His name is given the College," the record runs, "as a mark of their respect for his character and in gratitude for his numerous services rendered the Reformed Dutch Church." Dr. Livingston died in 1825. He had lectured to his classes the preceding day and was found lifeless in his bed. To succeed him Dr. Milledoler was elected, who had been for some time a professor in the theological school. He was a graduate of Columbia. He had served as pastor of Presbyterian and Reformed churches. He was a man of rare piety and great pulpit power. The new start was a strong one. Professor Adrain returned. Professors Brownlee, Woodhull, Dewitt, with Adrain and Dr. Milledoler, made a splendid Faculty. The service of some was short. Brownlee soon went to the Collegiate Church, Woodhull died after a year, Adrain went to the University of Pennsylvania; but the high standard had been set. Professor Nelson, graduate of Columbia, the blind teacher of rare ability, came to succeed Brownlee ; Theodore Strong, graduate of Yale, came to succeed Adrain. Professor Nelson retired after short service but was succeeded by Alexander McClelland, graduate of Union, teacher of languages, unsurpassed in his gen- eration. James Spencer Cannon of the towering frame and courtly fashion, succeeded Woodhull. Lewis C. Beck, the scientist, came in 1830. Later came John D. Ogilby and Jacob J. Janeway. It was a splendid group of men, and students came at once. In 1827 there were sixty- four of them. They had number and spirit enough to start at once the two literary societies which endured to the end of the century one of them now exists the Philoclean and Peithessophian, a singularly fruitful in- fluence on students' minds and public address. The first decade and a half of the new and growing strength of Rutgers was under President Milledoler. The funds of the College were somewhat increased. The 34 EUTGERS CELEBRATION Grammar School had continued to occupy a room or rooms in the old building and the time had now come when a new building must be erected for it. In 1832 the work was undertaken on an enlarged plan in order that the two literary societies might share the new building. So it was that the school, in the early '30s, crossed the street to the corner it now occupies and the two societies moved with it, to return to the campus only when Van Nest Hall was completed, fifteen years later. Already in 1828 the graduating class was twenty men and there- after about that number was graduated each year. Many important leaders in all the professions were among them ministers, lawyers, bankers, statesmen, educators: Judge Vredenburgh of the Supreme Court; Professor Forsyth of West Point; Dr. Hasler, the scientist; John Romeyn Brodhead, the historian ; George William Brown, the banker ; Robert H. Pruyn, Minister to Japan ; Talbot W. Chambers, Biblical scholar and minister of the Col- legiate Church; John F. Mesick, of the Class of 1834, who died only sixteen months ago at the age of 102. Then came the famous class of 1836, with Bradley, Jus- tice of the Supreme Court of the United States ; Freling- huysen, United States Senator and Secretary of State- both on the Electoral Commission; Alexander Brown, the banker ; Professor Coakley of New York University ; Governor Newell of New Jersey and of the State of Washington, and creator of the life saving service ; Cort- landt Parker, president of the American Bar Associa- tion ; Congressman Waldron of Michigan ; and others of distinction in a class of only twenty-one. In 1832 the Alumni Association was formed. A hint of the college life early in the decade comes from the Landon letters (Yale) just now published. It appears that some stu- dents had not been in high esteem at Yale and either voluntarily or necessarily had departed for other institu- tions. Twelve of the rebels are said to be at Eutgers. One writes from New Brunswick in 1830: "My situa- tion here is very agreeable. The Faculty are more like FRIDAY, OCTOBER THIRTEENTH 35 associates than masters. They converse with us as fel- low students." An incident of far reaching significance during the time was the great revival of the spring of 1837; starting with visiting preachers in the Baptist Church which then stood just east of the College, it won- derfully moved the student body as well as the city. Scores confessed their repentance and faith. The ac- count of commencement is of occasion strangely different from the usual, solemn and intense; and twelve out of twenty-one graduates that year entered the ministry, in- cluding the father of the present President of the College. Vivid accounts come to us also of the great tornado that swept through the city in 1835. The decade was not far advanced when the union be- tween the theological and literary work of the institution began to show strain. The professors of theology thought that they were called upon to do too much col- lege work. It was urged that the two schools should be separated and the property sold back to the Trustees. Perhaps Dr. Milledoler's last days in the presidency were not the happiest possible, and he resigned in 1839, serving, however, into the year 1840. He had done a faithful, noble service; the College had revived and strengthened and become a sure foundation ; his influence had told on hundreds of exceptional young men. The Trustees then turned to a member of their own board, and from a clergyman to a layman, and chose the Honorable A. Bruyn Hasbrouck, a graduate of Yale, a lawyer, and a publicist. His home was in Kingston. He had rendered distinguished public service in Congress and he was a man of rare fineness and social quality. The Church now leased to the College certain land on each side of the college building; a president's house was erected on the one side and on the other side a building for the literary societies and other purposes. Dr. Mille- doler had lived in the college building. Dr. Livingston had lived on the road now Livingston Avenue in the house on the terrace. The new house, occupied by Presi- 36 RUTGERS CELEBRATION dent Hasbrouck, became a center of lively social life for the College and the aristocracy of the city. Accounts of the commencement levees abound in tribute to the youth, beauty, and learning there assembled. The house was occupied by three presidents, until 1889. Since then it has served changing purposes as Fine Arts Building, and now as the Alumni and Faculty House. Van Nest Hall was built by subscriptions, but perhaps not a little by gift of Abraham Van Nest, for whom it was named. He was a leader and strong supporter of the Dutch Church of New York, a Trustee of the College and a con- stant giver and worker in its behalf. It is fair perhaps to give him first place in the roll of the College 's friends and supporters at this period, as Mr. J. R. Hardenbergh, son of the first president of the College, who died in 1841, had been during the preceding years its most active Trustee. It was resolved at once, upon President Has- brouck coming to his office, that no professor in the semi- nary, save the professor of theology, should be excused from teaching duty in the College. This settled the ques- tion for a while, but, as might be expected, was not an enduring solution of it. Professors Cannon and Mc- Clelland continued in the double duty. Professors Strong and Beck also remained in the Faculty. It was an able Faculty, enlarged by the coming of Professors Proudfit, Crosby, Van Vranken, and others as the decade ad- vanced. The College continued to send many men into the ministry, foreign missionary workers as John V. N. Talmage of the class of 1842, the pioneer in China, and the Scudders in India; and preachers like Taylor, Van Nest, Cole, Stryker, Gaston, Dean E. A. Hoffman; law- yers and physicians, a notable number of whom were to engage in the Civil War, among them General George H. Sharpe, who married President Hasbrouck 's daughter and later held many official and influential positions. The commencement account speaks of Mr. Sharpe 's Latin salutatory as very unusual, of the grace of the speaker and the polish of his Latin. Students were not FRIDAY, OCTOBER THIRTEENTH 37 always well ordered in those days, nor townspeople either, perhaps. From 1847, for a few years, Junior Ex- hibition was prohibited on account of riotous conduct; and it was directed that the literary societies on entering their new rooms in Van Nest Hall should hold their meetings in the day time, an order afterward rescinded. The college property was apparently in very poor condi- tion and not until 1849 was it much improved. The en- dowment was increased by about $30,000 in 1845 ; in 1844 modern languages had become a part of the regular course of instruction. Through these years of President Hasbrouck's administration the connection between the General Synod of the Church and the College was con- stantly growing less evident and formal. The Board of Superintendents finally, in 1848, entirely omitted to make any report to the Synod. The sentiment was growing that the theological instruction should be withdrawn from the building in which the literary work was done, for now the situation was reversed: in 1815 the theological work was supreme ; in 1850 it was no longer so. Presi- dent Hasbrouck fell into ill health when the decade had nearly run its course and, in 1849, he resigned. The Trustees turned to Theodore Frelinghuysen, Chancellor of New York University, and finally secured him. He was of the family that had so largely served the College enterprise, the son of General Frederick Frelinghuysen, the first tutor and later United States Senator. He was graduated from Princeton at the time when the literary work of Queen's College was suspended, in 1804, after studying at the Grammar School of Queen's College. He was a lawyer by profession and had been in the United States Senate. He had been candidate for Vice-President of the United States on the ticket with Henry Clay. He was a leader in the Church and every noble enterprise, the leading layman in the church's organized work, presi- dent of the American Bible Society, of the American Tract Society, of the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions. He was President for twelve 38 RUTGERS CELEBRATION years, from 1850 to his death in 1862, during which years his influence in public affairs continued and his rare quality as a Christian gentleman told largely on the col- lege generations that passed before him. His inaugura- tion was a great occasion and at his death there was deep and widespread sorrow. During his term no new build- ings were built ; the number of students continued about the same or increased a little ; some professors continued with him from the earlier time : Proudfit, Van Vranken, Von Romondt. Into his Faculty came some distinguished men: John Ludlow, who came from office of Provost of the University of Pennsylvania; William H. Campbell, the masterful teacher of Biblical languages; William Irvin; Samuel M. Woodbridge; Howard Crosby, Greek scholar and preacher ; Marshal Henshaw, mathematician ; T. Romeyn Beck; Gustavus Fischer; John Forsyth; and George H. Cook, destined to be so large a factor for so many years in the life of the College and of the State and of the Church as well. At the commencement of 1851 the orator before the societies deplored the "too much attention to classics to the exclusion of natural sciences and other more practical studies." But men of rare quality and efficiency we find produced by the discipline which the orator deplored ; in the class of 1859, the largest until then, thirty-eight men, thirty-one of them graduat- ing: such men as Colonel Abeel of the Union Army; Judges Dixon and Vredenburgh and Cogswell of the New Jersey courts; Judge Bookstaver of the New York Su- preme Court ; Dr. Doolittle, professor and vice-president of Rutgers; John G. Floyd, the editor; George William Hill, the world's greatest celestial mathematician; and fifteen ministers of the Gospel. Before that, in the decade, there had been Judge Larremore, Governor Lud- low, and other distinguished public men. The endowment was considerably increased by the securing of subscrip- tions in the form of scholarships; and although no new college buildings were built, the important property item of the time was the erection for the Church of the Peter FRIDAY, OCTOBER THIRTEENTH 39 Hertzog Theological Hall, north of the College, to which the theological classes were removed, leaving the old building to the college classes alone. For a few years still, however, the theological professors continued to teach somewhat in the College. In 1860 a writer in a Philadelphia paper, after a visit to New Brunswick, exclaimed upon the beauty of the campus, upon Howard Crosby's preaching in the chapel, upon the College 's good fortune in having Marshal Hen- shaw. The strong group of professors Henshaw, Crosby, Cook, and Beck was attracting students and the class of 1863 was the largest that had entered in the history of the College. A member of that class was Garret A. Ho- bart, afterward Vice-President of the United States. The commencements of those days were popular affairs, seats were reserved for hours before the time of begin- ning, police had to preserve some semblance of order, and there were in 1858 twenty-one selections of music and seventeen speeches. On the death of President Frelinghuysen, Dr. William H. Campbell was chosen, a clergyman succeeding two laymen, as two laymen were to follow him in the presi- dent 's chair. He was graduated from Dickinson College ; he had taught at Erasmus Hall, Flatbush, and at the Albany Academy, whence came so many distinguished teachers to Rutgers. He had been Professor in the Semi- nary for a number of years, and he served as President for twenty years. He is remembered and honored by many in this assembly today. He was a great scholar and teacher, a Scotchman of strong will and personality, shrewd, energetic, with a sense of humor and with a temper as well. He was held in high esteem in the Church ; he at once appeared before Synod ; he launched an endowment effort; he gave new vigor to the work. New professors came: David Murray, who was to go from Eutgers to start modern education in Japan; T. Sandford Doolittle, the preacher, the writer, the lover of all fine things; Jacob Cooper, the versatile scholar 40 EUTGEES CELEBEATION and devoted friend of every student; George W. Ather- ton, who was to go to lead Pennsylvania State College into its promised land ; and from the Rutgers graduation itself, Edward A. Bowser, the mathematician, and Fran- cis C. Van Dyck, in honored life and service with us still. A radical, far reaching thing soon came to pass. The Church, having another home for its Theological Seminary now, readily sold back to the Trustees of the College the land and building to which through all these years from 1826 it had held title. With the proceeds of the sale houses were built on the Seminary campus and the line of family residence in old Queen's came to an end. The transfer was, however, with the condition that three- fourths of the members of the Board of Trustees should be communicant members of the Kef ormed Dutch Church, a condition afterward changed to two-thirds, and in still more recent years entirely removed by common consent. The charter had never changed, and in the fullness of time the College was back upon its old free platform. The Seminary professors withdrew from college work. The superintendence of the Synod was of course no longer known. But with the definite separateness there remained the close sympathy and mutual service which endure to this day, fifty years later. But the second great milestone of the time was the attaching of the State College with this ancient founda- tion. The Land Grant Act was passed by the United States Congress in 1862. The various states were avail- ing themselves of its provisions, applying them to some existing or new state foundation or in a few instances to a college of other and old foundation. The Scientific School of Eutgers was organized by the Trustees, and the State government made the Trustees the stewards of this new educational work. The United States grant proved for New Jersey very small, a final capital amount of $116,000 ; but the building on this foundation has been far from small. The later legislation by the United FRIDAY, OCTOBER THIRTEENTH 41 States and the State, for instruction and for research, has made the work of far reaching significance. With large importance it carries the military training of the students, today newly emphasized, valued, and developed. Viewing this new service of the old College, it is interest- ing to remind ourselves that President Hardenbergh said in his inaugural that agriculture might be left to dunces ; and also that Simeon De Witt wrote earlier than 1819 on the necessity of establishing agricultural colleges for the training of young men for the profession of farming. Dr. Campbell had been President nearly ten years when new buildings were undertaken. Now came the Chapel and Library, one building, and the so-called Geological Hall, in the early seventies. The small Observatory, in- deed, had been built in 1869, the gift of Daniel S. Schanck. The Geological Hall, receiving the valuable geological collections which were forming, housed as well the sci- ences, taking them from Van Nest Hall. The Chapel was built with funds bequeathed by Mrs. Littleton Kirk- patrick, widow of the son of Chief Justice Andrew Kirk- patrick, early Rector of the Grammar School. These were splendid additions to the college plant. The College grew somewhat. Large classes had entered at the end of President Frelinghuysen 's time, the classes of 1862 and 1863. But the growth was not great. Indeed some decline in attendance set in toward the end of the decade 1870 to 1880. But it was a strong and promising line of Rutgers sons in those days and they were days of college spirit, strong and fine. One of the marks of the time at the midpoint of this administration was the organizing of college athletics, before that unknown of football in 1869, of baseball in 1870, of rowing. Another was the coming of the first students from Japan to Rutgers. Through the missionaries of the Re- formed Church those first men of the Orient in the search for the Western learning came here, many of them some of them destined to become very distinguished on 42 BUTGEES CELEBRATION their return to their homeland, some of them to sleep under the willows in the heart of this city, far distant from their homes. And from the College that welcomed these visitors went Professor Murray to Japan to serve as Adviser to the Emperor for seven years in the found- ing of the new education in the Land of the Rising "Sun. Dr. Campbell resigned in 1882, full of years and honor, seeking relief from executive care, but offering his con- tinued strength to a newly organized church as its pas- tor, to serve it seven years until his death. From 1882 until today three presidents have in suc- cession served the College all of them living. The story of their times cannot have a long rehearsing now. The beginnings and the earlier evolution most command our interest. But just the word: The College turned again to Albany Academy and took its head, Dr. Merrill Edwards Gates, graduate of Eoches- ter University. From 1882 to 1890 he filled the office, resigning then to go to Amherst. It was when the Scientific School, in the educational current of the times, began its greater growth, when the election of the sci- ences began to surpass election of the classics, and when the importance of the State connection began to be more realized. The United States Morrill Act and Hatch Act were passed. The Experiment Station was founded. Experts of the first rank in the sciences related to agri- culture were added to the staff. Until now the mechanic arts or engineering had been the prevailing line of scien- tific work as in the state colleges all along the seaboard. There was some increase of endowment. In 1889 Mr. Garret E. Winants gave the dormitory which had been suggested so early in the College history and now for years had been urgently desired. At the end of the decade, just as his hopes and efforts had come to high fruition, Dr. Cook died, leaving behind the story of a life work unsurpassed perhaps in the State of New Jersey for familiarity with its people, influence on the common welfare, guidance to its natural resources the untold FRIDAY, OCTOBER THIRTEENTH 43 wealth in its fields, its mines, its water courses: a man of skill and power, of stalwart character, and of rare worth to the College he loved so well and served so long. In 1890 Dr. Gates resigned. Dr. Austin Scott, grad- uate of Yale, professor in the College since 1883, was elected in his place, and inaugurated in 1891 ; he served for fifteen years. In 1906 the present President was in- augurated, graduate of Eutgers and at that time pro- fessor in the Seminary. In 1892 came the gift from Mr. Eobert F. Ballantine of the greatly needed Gymnasium. In 1904 came the new Library, gift of Mr. Ealph Voor- hees, Van Nest Hall was improved, the Ceramics Depart- ment was founded, and the State scholarships work was confirmed. Mr. James Neilson added to the Neilson Campus, al- ready partly given by him. The Engineering Building has been built on it, and the Chemistry Building, and the Entomology Building; the late John Howard Ford has given the dormitory which bears his name. Mr. James B. Ford has added valuable properties to the College holdings, the State has built the Agricultural Building and other smaller buildings at the farm, the farm has been increased from ninety acres to three hundred and fifty acres, short courses in agriculture have been estab- lished, a summer session assembles six hundred students, graduate students have come and increase in number, undergraduates have grown in number beyond five hun- dred, the curriculum has been revised and is now revised again. Would that I could dwell upon men who have taught and who have made the College in these recent years the men who now in recent memory have gone to their re- ward : Professors like Doolittle and Cooper and Bowser, Austin and Wilber and Speyers, Nelson and Smith and Voorhees, Duryee and Chester and Prentiss. "Would that I might rehearse the labors and achievements and char- acter of Irving S. Upson, so long the Eegistrar and 44 RUTGERS CELEBRATION Treasurer, the trusted adviser. Would that I might tell the devotion and fruitful oversight of trustees like Henry L. Janeway, Henry R. Baldwin, Edward B. Coe. How impossible to bring before you in an hour any fair review of one hundred and fifty years! A few names, a few dates, a few events, when there has been the stream of life, which none can measure, always sweeping on ! Let this hour of remembrance be at least a tribute to the men of faith and sacrifice who laid the foundations of this ancient College. Let it be at least a witness to the power of men and institutions to keep the faith, to grasp new truth, and to fit service to each day and generation. Let it be at least the story of our gratitude to Almighty God for the springs of life, for the growth of wisdom, and for the harvest, thirty, sixty, and a hundred fold. Governor FIELDER: Let us join in singing the hymn: "0 God, Our Help in Ages Past." HYMN O God, our help in ages past, Our hope for years to come, Our shelter from the stormy blast, And our eternal home: Before the hills in order stood, Or earth received her frame, From everlasting Thou art God, To endless years the same. A thousand ages in Thy sight Are like an evening gone; Short as the watch that ends the night Before the rising sun. Time, like an ever-rolling stream, Bears all its sons away; They fly forgotten, as a dream Dies at the opening day. O God, our help in ages past, Our hope for years to come, Be Thou our guard while troubles last And our eternal home. Isaac, Watts 1719. FRIDAY, OCTOBER THIRTEENTH 45 Governor FIELDER : We shall now listen to an address on behalf of the Reformed Church in America by the Reverend Ame Vennema, President of Hope College and lately President of the General Synod. ADDRESS AME VENNEMA, D.D. President of Hope College, Lately President of General Synod, Reformed Church of America I can assure you, President Demarest, that the oldest Church in America your Church and the Church of your fathers takes a keen interest in this happy event. It was the Reformed Church in America that gave birth to this now flourishing institution. Moved by the conviction that the interests of the churches of her con- nection would be best served by young men prepared for their sacred office in New Netherland rather than in old Nederland, however excellent the universities of Leyden and Utrecht were, she took steps that led finally to the establishment of this seat of learning. It was the Reformed Church that most tenderly nursed and cared for her new born child while yet in swaddling clothes and later. It seems to have been subject to nearly all the infantile hardships and handicaps that church colleges in their early history are heir to. As of the mother of Moses it may be said of the Church that "when she saw him that he was a goodly child she hid him." When the home of Queen's College in New Brunswick was destroyed by fire, we hear of the College now in Raritan, then in Millstone, then of its doors closed for a season, and afterward of its return to its original home town. Those were troublous times; the country was poor, the Church herself was not of one mind as to the wisdom of training her ministry at home, political conditions were unsettled, the Revolutionary War was causing its ravages. But the spirit of the child, fostered by its loving mother, was brave and tenacious and even- tually rose superior to all those untoward conditions. 48 BUTGERS CELEBRATION It was the Eeformed Church that kept a gentle but firm hand of control upon the affairs of the College until she recognized that it had attained sufficient stability and maturity to stand upon its feet and shoulder re- sponsibility for its own conduct. Not only has the Church contributed liberally toward its financial support, but it has helped to shape its educational policies and conserve its high ideals. And I desire to bring to you today the assurance of the Church's high appreciation of the magnificent service you have rendered to the denomination with which you have been so closely affiliated for a century and a half. Her sons, into whatever fields of service they may have been subsequently led, have found ample provision here for their intellectual equipment. By a thorough and liberal training you have laid in them a foundation deep and broad for a career of usefulness and honor. Many of them have held and are holding positions of con- spicuous importance in the industrial and commercial world as well as in the Church and State. And parents have felt that they could send their sons here without misgivings because you have never failed to place proper emphasis upon character building and wholesome religious influence. Kutgers has always been considered a safe college. In some correspondence re- cently had with a young man, a son of a minister, who had made application for a place on our faculty, he stated frankly, "I intended to enter the ministry. Then began a period of doubt, brought about, needless to say, by certain courses in the curriculum and certain free think- ing professors. For years I struggled against doubt and tried to force myself back into religious peace. Most people in my position find such an attempt of no avail and I was no exception. The light of faith has gone out." This is pathetic, and we honor Rutgers for not contributing toward such disturbing and paralyzing ex- periences in the lives of young men entrusted to her care. Of your graduates an unusually large number have 4H been enrolled among the ministry of our Church. For the distinguished service they have rendered to the cause of our common Master in our own fair and favored land, and no less in the battle with false religions in heathen countries, the Church freely acknowledges its indebted- ness. There have not been those who have understood the spirit of the Reformed Church better, or have been in more hearty sympathy with its missionary enterprises, or have labored more earnestly and successfully, or have filled its pulpits more ably and eloquently, than those who own this College as their Alma Mater. The Church of our love, the Church of the Reformation, offers you most hearty congratulation today. And now speaking for Hope College we bring to our older sister our most respectful salutations and felicita- tions upon her one hundred and fiftieth birthday anni- versary. We saw the light just one hundred years after you did. How much we have in common! Born of the same mother, moved by the same spirit, fostered by the same care, confronted by the same problems, struggling with and surmounting similar difficulties, it is easy for one who knows us both to note the family resemblance. A fine spirit of helpful reciprocity has always charac- terized the relations between the two sisters. Before we had risen to the dignity of a college we sent to you the graduates of our Academy that you with your better facilities might carry forward in them the work we had begun ; and such names as John and Jacob Vander Meu- len, Christian Vander Veen, John H. Karsten, Egbert Winter, Dirk Broek, Peter De Free, Peter Lepeltak, Adrian Kriekaard, Mannes Kiekintveld, E. Christian Oggel, Henry Utterwick, John W. Warnshuis, and Adrian Westveer grace the list of your Alumni from 1858 to 1865. On the other hand, men whom you had so well prepared have rendered valuable service in laying the foundation and rearing the superstructure of our educa- tional system. Hope College delights to honor the names of John Van Vleck, Abraham Thompson, T. Romeyn Beck, Cornelius E. Crispell, Charles Scott of an earlier 48 RUTGERS CELEBRATION day, and those of James G. Sutphen, John H. Gillespie, J. Tallmadge Bergen, and John W. Beardslee, Sr., of a later time. I cannot imagine a situation that would interfere with the cordiality of the relations between Rutgers and Hope through the coming years. President Demarest, from the time of our first ac- quaintance in the fall of 1879 when I sat as a pupil in homiletics at the feet of your honored father, we have been thrown together not a little in one way and another, as friends, as ministers in the same classis, as members of the Board of Education, and now as college presidents. I have watched with increasing satisfaction and delight your growth in power and efficiency, in ever enlarging spheres of usefulness. And I desire from a full heart to tender you my personal congratulations today, and to express the earnest hope that old Rutgers under your prudent and progressive administration and in the plenti- tude of its power may ever stand in the vanguard of American colleges and fulfill more than ever the ambi- tious hopes of its founders and its sublime mission in the world. Governor FIELDEE: I take pleasure in presenting the next speaker, Chevalier W. L. F. C. van Rappard, Minis- ter Plenipotentiary from the Netherlands, who will speak on behalf of Holland. ADDRESS CHEVALIER W. L. F. C. VAN RAPPARD Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary from the Netherlands MR. PRESIDENT AND TRUSTEES OP RUTGERS COLLEGE, LADIES AND GENTLEMEN: Thankful for the permission granted to me to deliver a short address on occasion of the celebration of the one hundred and fiftieth anni- versary of the founding of Rutgers College, I wish in the first place to fulfill a most agreeable duty. Her Royal Majesty the Queen of the Netherlands, my most Gracious Sovereign, has been pleased to order me to FRIDAY, OCTOBER THIRTEENTH 49 represent Her at this ceremony and to convey to Rutgers College not only Her most hearty congratulations with the one hundred and fifty years of strenuous, useful, splendid work that lie behind you and upon which your College can look with satisfaction and pride, but also Her most sincere wishes for as beautiful a future. I am in- structed to assure you that Her Majesty, the Queen of the Netherlands, has always been intensely interested in everything that regards this great Republic, and always appreciates every event demonstrating on this side of the water that the Americans do not forget the old relations between our two countries, do not forget that the old Dutch settlers when they came over to these shores brought with them those principles of freedom, of liberty of thought, and of religious tolerance which formed the base for your Constitution, and which also prompted the early Dutch Colonists in New York and New Jersey to secure in 1766, from the King of England, the Royal Charter by which your College was founded one of the very few Colonial colleges in the United States and, if I am not mistaken, the only one founded by the Dutch. After having conveyed to you the congratulations of my Queen, and expressing my appreciation of the great honor Rutgers College has conferred upon me, I think you will allow me to dwell for a few moments on the country and the people which I have the honor and the privilege to represent on this important occasion. For, in celebrating the one hundred and fiftieth anniversary of this College and in remembering its founders, you are at every turn reminded of Holland and of those Hol- landers who, with prophetic foresight, laid the founda- tions of this historic and renowned institution which has given to the State of New Jersey and to this nation so many men of distinction. Holland, as you all know, is a small and as compared with yours an insignificant country. And yet, small as it is, it has, I dare say, a history second to no other nation of modern times. In ideals and in their contributions to 50 RUTGERS CELEBRATION human progress and to civilization, small countries often have not been inferior to the larger ones. Those who have studied Holland's history concede that she has played as great a part in human affairs as countries to whom nature was kinder. Centuries of struggle with the elements have made the people hardy, resourceful, and enterprising. Through self-government in their cities, through long experience in cooperate rule, the Hollanders moreover were taught the value of liberty. Under the spur of necessity they became the most in- ventive of all the nations of Europe. It would take me much too long to give you the list of their inventions, neither can I recount the discoveries of the Dutch ex- plorers, who left no corner of the globe unsearched. In the Americas, the Indies, and the Pacific they established colonies, many of which still survive. It is not commonly known that in 1595, long before the discovery of Man- hattan Island by Hudson, seven Dutch ships, in an at- tempt to discover the Northwest Passage, anchored for some days at Staten Island. It was the same enterprising race that discovered Tasmania and New Zealand and that first rounded Cape Horn. In consequence of these discoveries and of the found- ing of the Dutch East and West Companies, an enormous wealth flowed into the country. Amsterdam became the emporium of Europe. With the advancement in com- merce learning and the arts kept pace. Money was always ready for educational purposes. You all know probably how the University of Leyden originated. Pre- ferring learning to perpetual immunity from taxes, the citizens founded and fostered what has been, and is still, one of the greatest of all modern universities; for no other institution has produced so many great men. With regard to the arts, the northern and southern Nether- lands together produced hundreds of painters of lasting distinction. And one must not forget that at the time of Holland's glory the whole race was less than the present population of New York City. FRIDAY, OCTOBER THIRTEENTH 51 Poets there were too, not less distinguished in their own country than the painters poets whose works will compare favorably with the best of antiquity and with the first of the modern. However, their names will not sound so familiar to you as the names of our painters, because naturally the Dutch language is a great obstacle; yet, no one can ap- preciate the greatness of the Holland of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries without a study of the works of our poets, more especially of Vondel, the Dutch Shakespeare, whose "Lucifer" suggested to Milton the plot and the characters of ' ' Paradise Lost. ' ' An English translation of "Lucifer" has been made by Prof. Leon- ard van Noppen, Queen Wilhelmina Lecturer at Colum- bia University, the only institution thus far in this country that has a chair devoted to the history and the literature of the Netherlands. I feel sure that the United States would profit by a closer study of that Dutch history and literature. It is an American, it is true, the historian Motley, who has done more than any other to lift the curtain of ignorance concerning my country ; but even Motley, well as he knew the political history of Holland, was less acquainted with Holland's contribution to the sciences, to the arts, and to literature ; and therefore I feel happy to speak at the actual moment before such an institution as Rutgers College which, because of her early relations with Hol- land, seems to me the first to promote true knowledge of the history and the contributions of the Netherlands. And there are other and even stronger reasons why Dutch history should be studied on this side of the water. Researches of Douglas Campbell, Griflfis, de Vries, Torchiana, and van Noppen have brought to light the remarkable influence of the Netherlands on the social customs and the political institutions of America, which were in nearly every essential copied from those of the Netherlands. John Adams, no mean authority, who negotiated the 52 RUTGERS CELEBRATION treaty whereby Holland acknowledged the independence of the United States she was the second nation to do so said as follows: " Holland's history and the great characters it exhibits in the various arts of peace as well as of war, by sea and land, have been particularly studied, admired, and imitated in every state. ' ' He then goes on to speak of the resemblance between Holland and the United States in respect to freedom of inquiry, the right of private judgment, and the liberty of conscience. Dis- covering striking analogies of government and of customs and institutions he adds : * * The originals of the two re- publics are so much alike that the history of one seems but a transcript of that of the other." These analogies can be found through the whole history of our two countries. In 1581 the United Provinces, be- cause of Spain's violation of its pledges, issued their Declaration of Independence. Because of its resemblance, that instrument may be well regarded as the prototype and the pattern of the American Declaration as written by Jefferson. In the Dutch declaration of 1581 was not only written a formal deposition of Philip II, similar to the American renunciation of George III, but also an absolute repudiation of the authority of Spain. Then followed that war which Motley called "the longest and bloodiest of history," lasting eighty years and ending with Holland victorious and with Spain defeated on land and on sea, her power forever shattered, while on the other hand the triumphant Dutch Republic began that glorious career for the details of which I refer you to Motley's "Rise of the Dutch Republic." It was to this rising Holland that, in 1609, the Pilgrim Fathers fled from English persecution. They remained eleven years at Leyden, and in Holland they learned those lessons of liberty and those duties and privileges of citi- zenship in a republic, which later should profit them and their descendants in the founding of the English Colonies in the New World. In Holland they found freedom of conscience, of the press, and of speech ; they found a free FRIDAY, OCTOBER THIRTEENTH 53 Bible read by a free people, and a state wholly inde- pendent of the Church. They found moreover a system of free schools such as England was not to know for centuries ; and last, not least, they found that in Holland did not prevail the old principle "Cujus regio ejus re- ligio ' ' existing in England that the people should be of the same religion as the ruler. In England under Henry VIII, Elizabeth, and the Stuarts, dissenters, nonconform- ists, and schismatics were treated as criminals ; the Puri- tans therefore were forced to seek freedom of worship elsewhere. As to free schools, the English attitude was curiously expressed by Gov. William Berkeley of Virginia, a col- ony untouched by the Dutch influence, when he said : "I thank God there are no free schools or printing, and I hope we shall not have them this hundred years. God keep us from both ! ' ' It would lead me too far if I wished to enumerate all the things and customs the American Colonies got from the Netherlands. Let me only point out to you that in the structure of your government the most striking evi- dences of the Dutch influence are to be found. Benjamin Franklin already said : ' l In all things Holland has been our example," while James Madison, one of the makers of your Constitution, said: "The example of Holland proved that a toleration of sects dissenting from the established sect was safe and even useful, that religion flourishes in greater purity without than with the aid of government. ' ' I have not now the time to compare one by one the various features of your Constitution with those estab- lished by the Dutch Republic. Suffice it to say that every important provision of yours was paralleled by some similar provision of theirs. For particulars I might refer you to Douglas Campbell's interesting book, "The Puri- tan in England, Holland, and America." Now, while the extent of the influence of Holland on American institutions is not exactly determinable, yet 54 RUTGERS CELEBRATION it must be apparent that Holland and her history and institutions would be an interesting subject of study at the different colleges of America, and as representative of the Netherlands .1 permit myself to express the hope that the good example given by Columbia University in establishing a lectureship in Dutch History may be fol- lowed by others. Says the historian Davies : ' ' There is scarcely any nation whose history has been so little understood or so generally neglected as that of Holland, and there is none which better deserves the consideration of every thinking mind." Thanking you for the occasion you have kindly given to me briefly to point out to you what our two countries have in common, I avail myself of this opportunity, Mr. President and Trustees of Eutgers College, to offer you also my most sincere personal wishes for the perpetual welfare of your distinguished institution. Governor FIELDEE : After the singing of the next hymn the benediction will be pronounced by the Reverend Henry E. Cobb, class of 1884, and the audience will please re- main standing until the academic procession has left the church. We will now join in singing "America." AMERICA My country, 'tis of thee, Sweet land of liberty, Of thee I sing; Land where my fathers died, Land of the pilgrims' pride, From every mountain side Let freedom ring. My native country, thee, Land of the noble free, Thy name I love; I love thy rocks and rills, Thy woods and templed hills; My heart with rapture thrills Like that above. FRIDAY, OCTOBER THIRTEENTH 55 Let music swell the breeze, And ring from all the trees Sweet freedom's song; Let mortal tongues awake, Let all that breathe partake, Let rocks their silence break, The sound prolong. i Our fathers' God, to Thee, Author of liberty, To Thee we sing: Long may our land be bright, With freedom's holy light; Protect us by Thy might, Great God, our King. Samuel Francis Smith 1832 Rev. HENRY E. COBB: May the Lord God be with us as He was with our fathers ; and let Him not leave us nor forsake us, but let Him continue with us that we may follow in His footsteps and keep His commandments. The Lord bless thee and keep thee; the Lord make His face to shine upon thee and be gracious unto thee; the Lord lift up His countenance upon thee and give thee peace. Amen. At the close of the exercises the President of the Col- lege and the Governor retired, led by the Chief Marshal ; and the procession, following in academic order, preceded again by the band, returned to the Queen's Campus where it dispersed. At one o'clock luncheon was served at the Kobert F. Ballantine Gymnasium, delegates and guests and alumni joining with the Trustees and Faculty to the number of perhaps one thousand. 56 EUTGEES CELEBEATION THE ANNIVERSARY PAGEANT The College Farm, 2:00 P. M. On Friday afternoon delegates and guests were con- veyed by automobiles to the College Farm to witness the Anniversary Pageant. The alumni and the people of New Brunswick who were at all related to the College also had been given cards of admission. Arrangements had been made for hundreds of additional visitors, and a great audience gathered at the natural amphitheatre just within the entrance to the Farm sloping to the pond. The setting was very beautiful the natural stage with its background of shrubbery and trees and water and the sloping lawn beyond the water. Professor Ward, the Director, had conceived the Pageant with rare historic sense and artistic feeling. Its scenes were singularly appropriate and they were splen- didly executed. The music, under the direction of Mr. Howard D. McKinney, of the class of 1913, the College Musical Director, and Assistant Professor Harry N. Lendall, the College Chorister, was of rare quality and effectiveness. There was no dialogue. No words were spoken save those in song and in the reading of the Declaration and brief addresses. Preparations for the Pageant had been begun in the spring and were carried on during the summer, but only a few rehearsals, and they in the last few days, were possible. The interest and zest of those participating, however, made the prep- arations effectual and the production a remarkable suc- cess. An element of great interest was the fact that so many, among the several hundred participating, were descendants or connections of early presidents, trustees, professors, and graduates, that so many of the names of distinction in the early College history appeared in the list the names of Hardenbergh, Neilson, Schureman, Kirkpatrick, and others. The cloudiness of the afternoon deprived the scene of some of the beauty which had been especially marked in the sunshine of the dress rehearsal FRIDAY, OCTOBER THIRTEENTH 57 on the Wednesday afternoon preceding. Moving pic- tures, as well as ordinary photographs, were taken of all the scenes. The full Pageant program follows. THE ANNIVERSARY PAGEANT A Symbolical and Historical Pageant given by Citizens of New Brunswick and the Faculty, Alumni, and Under- graduates of Rutgers College in connection with the cele- bration of the One Hundred and Fiftieth Anniversary of the Granting of a Eoyal Charter to Queen 's College, now Rutgers College. Pageant by Professor CLARENCE WARD Music arranged and Musical Notes compiled by Mr. HOWARD D. McKiNNEY Historical Notes compiled by Mr. WILLIAM H. BENEDICT FOREWORD In presenting this pageant there is no claim to abso- lute historical accuracy either in action or costume. Rather is it the purpose of pageantry to produce scenes as imagination pictures them. It is hoped that the spec- tators will judge the result attained from this standpoint and that they will find, in the episodes represented, pic- tures of "the good old days and good old ways," as they themselves have pictured them. PROLOG The Background of Learning CAST PHILOSOPHY: Mrs. Thomas J. Headlee THE LIBERAL ARTS THE TRIVIUM THE QUADRIVIUM Grammar: Miss Elizabeth Hill Geometry: Mrs. Edward L. Stevenson Master John Swope Arithmetic: Miss Margaret Auten Dialectic: Mrs. Lucius P. Janeway Music: Miss Molita Donohue Rhetoric: Mrs. Joseph Duffee Astronomy: Mrs. Philip 8. Ordway TROUBADOURS Mr. Eric V. Goodwin Prof. Harry N. Lendall 58 EUTGEES CELEBEATION Winfred C. Bloom Cornelius B. Boocock Harold I. Fawcett Alexander E. Ferguson David M. P. Abt Joseph H. Edgar Harry L. Janeway Frederick Summerill Harold C. Taylor Malcolm S. Pitt Abbot: David G. Ackerman Willis W. Angus Charles E. Bloodgood Herbert W. Boes G. Howard Buttler Marcus A. Canfield, Jr. Byron P. Croker Ernest T. Dewald Joseph Duffee Taylor H. Edwards Eev. Edward W. Hall Frederick A. Hall Frederick B. Heitkamp Albert W. Holzmann KNIGHTS Arthur F. Hope Clifton H. Luster Eobert A. McKenzie Lawrence D. Thompson SQUIRES Howard H. Thomas J. Wallace Thomson James D. Williams Wm. Stanley Woodward PAGES Wm. Kirby Holmes MONKS Prof. Charles H. Whitman Harry E. Klein Eoy F. Layton Prof. J. Volney Lewis Noel D. Ludlow Eobert A. Lufburrow Andrew F. Lynch Brooks C. Martin William N. Packard Gustav Patz George J. A. Perpente C. William Pfeil Leonard S. Sibley W. Phillips Thorp, Jr. Cyril Wimpenny The prolog is a symbolical representation of the learning of the Middle Ages from which our own colleges and universities have sprung. This learning may be briefly described as of two sorts, secular and theological, the one represented by the no- bility and the institution of chivalry, the other by the monastic and secular clergy and the Church. The pageant opens with a prelude 1 followed by the i The music for the entire pageant has been drawn from that actually used at the time represented by the action, or from some more modern source reflective or indicative of the characteristics of the various periods. Considerable care has been taken to present the music as accurately as possible, thus giving actual reproductions of music used at the different historical periods of the pageant. The orchestral prelude and martial music used during the prolog are taken from the "Pomp and Circumstance" military marches of the great English composer, Sir Edward Elgar (1857- ). These marches were first produced in 1901. The ones rendered, numbers one and two, are very suggestive of the time here represented. FRIDAY, OCTOBER THIRTEENTH 59 martial music of the "Pomp and Circumstance" military marches, during which the action of the prolog begins. The figure of Philosophy first appears, followed by those of the Seven Liberal Arts: The Trivium (gram- mar, dialectic, rhetoric) and The Quadrivium (geometry, arithmetic, music, astronomy). Each has a symbolical character. Philosophy has a ladder up her body, representing the steps by which one arrives at the perfect knowledge of the Queen of Knowl- edge. A sceptre in her left hand indicates her authority. A closed, surmounted by an open, book in her right hand are probably the Old and New Testament. The Greek letters theta and pi on her robe stand for theoretical and practical philosophy. Grammar holds a ferrule and teaches a child from a book. Dialectic has a serpent wound round her neck, indicating wisdom and skill in speaking. Rhetoric writes upon a tablet. Geometry has a drawing board and compass. Arithmetic holds small balls for counting in her hand. Music strikes upon a row of bells. Astronomy holds a disk with a broken line run- ning through it, an instrument for measuring the dis- tances of the stars. This was the customary method of representing these Liberal Arts in the carved stone and painted glass of the medieval cathedrals. As they take their places, forming the background and keynote of the scene, the sound of a troubadour's song is heard. 2 WHEN THE NIGHTINGALE SHALL SING (Quant 11 Rosignol Jolis) When the nightingale shall sing Songs of love from night to morn, When the rose and lily spring And the dew bespangles the thorn; Then should I my voice expand Like a lover fond and true, Could I but its tones command And the tender strain pursue; But his love who fears to tell Notes of passion ne'er can swell. 2 The ballads used in the prolog were selected from those used by the medieval singers, the Troubadours of France and the Minnesingers of 60 BUTGEBS CELEBRATION During the song a company of knights and squires is seen approaching. Another ballad singer among them is singing. MINSTBEL SONG3 (Minnelied) Light roundelays I'm singing, And dancing all day long; Of pretty little maidens Is all my merry song. Thru distant hills I wander Of maidens tender singing To many a list'ning throng. The sprightly maids of Frankland Are always fresh and gay, They laugh and look so sweetly, They steal my heart away. I watch their fingers flying As swift their thread they're plying; I'd learn to spin all day. The lovely maids of Suabia Ah! bright their golden hair; And busy sit they spinning, The maidens over there; With flaxen locks entwining Within the meshes shining Thy soul they will ensnare. The maidens of the Bhineland Of all the fairest prize, Their lips so softly smiling, So shadowy sweet their eyes, The filmy silk wreaths flinging While low lovelays they're singing In love-lore wondrous wise. During the music, the knights and squires form a tableau illustrating the secular learning of the Middle Ages as embodied in chivalry. Its chief principle was honor. This was taught by the knight to his squire and Germany. The accompaniment, supplied by Mr. Granville Bantock, is modern. "When the Nightingale Shall Sing" is an early manuscript (1180-90) to be found in the Paris National Library. The composition of the words and music is ascribed to a French knight and troubadour, the Chatelain de Coucy, who lived towards the end of the twelfth century. The transla- tion is from Burney 's ' ' History of Music. ' ' Sung by Mr. Eric V. Goodwin. s The Minstrel Song is a strolling ballad monger 's song, dating from the early fifteenth century. Sung by Prof. Harry N. Lendall. FRIDAY, OCTOBER THIRTEENTH 61 pages. Added to this were reading and writing, chess playing, playing the lute, singing and making verses, the rules and usages of courtesy, the use of arms in war and peace, the tournament, and management of large and small bodies of men. As the tableau is formed, the sound of church bells is heard followed by the notes of an organ. A company of monks, symbolizing Theology, which was the keynote of the entire life and thought of the Middle Ages, approaches. As they reach the pageant stage, the knights and squires kneel as if to receive their blessing. THE LAY OF THE LAST MINSTREL SIR WALTER SCOTT Canto Sixth XXX And slow up the dim aisle afar, With sable cowl and scapular, And snow-white stoles, in order due, The holy fathers, two and two, In long procession came; Taper and host and book they bare, And holy banner, flourished fair With the Redeemer's name. Above the prostrate pilgrim band The mitred abbot stretched his hand, And blessed them as they kneeled; With holy cross he signed them all, And prayed they might be sage in hall And fortunate in field. Then mass was sung and prayers were said, And solemn requiem for the dead; And bells tolled out their mighty peal For the departed spirit's weal; And ever in the office close The hymn of intercession rose; And far the echoing aisles prolong The awful burden of the song, DIES IRAE DIES ILLA, SOLVET SAECLUM IN FAVILLA, While the pealing organ rung. Thus the holy fathers sung. The monks advance as if down the aisle of a church, and, taking their places in the choir, sing the * * Dies Irae, ' ' perhaps the most famous and characteristic chant of the period. 62 RUTGERS CELEBRATION Dies irae, dies ilia Solvet saeclum in favilla Teste David cum Sibylla Quantus tremor est futurus, Quando iudex est venturus Cuncta stricte discussurus. Tuba mirum spargens souum Per sepulchra regionum Coget omnes ante thronum. Mors stupebit et natura Cum resurget creatura ludicanti responsura. Liber scriptus proferetur, In quo totum continetur, Unde mundus iudicetur. Iudex ergo cum sedebit, Quidquid latet apparebit, Nil inultum remanebit. Quid sum miser tune dicturus? Quern patronum rogaturus, Cum vix iustus sit seeurus? Bex tremendae ma jest at is, Qui salvandos salvas gratis, Salva me, fons pietatis! Recordare, lesu pie, Quod sum causa tuae viae, Ne me perdas ilia die! Quaerens me sedisti lassus; Redemisti crucem passus; Tantus labor non sit cassus! lustae iudex ultionis, Donum fac remissionis, Ante diem rationis! Ingemisco tanquam reus, Culpa rubet vultus meus; Supplicanti parce, Deus! Qui Mar lam absolvisti, Et latronem exaudisti, MiM quoque spem dedisti. DIES IRAE* Day of wrath! O day of mourning! See fulfilled the prophets' warning Heaven and earth in ashes burning! Oh, what fear man's bosom rendeth, When from heaven the Judge descendeth, On whose sentence all dependeth! Wondrous sound the trumpet flingeth, Through earth's sepulchres it ringeth, All before the throne it bringeth. Death is struck, and nature quaking, All creation is awaking, To its Judge an answer making. Lo! the book exactly worded, Wherein all hath been recorded; Thence shall judgment be awarded. When the Judge his seat attaineth, And each hidden deed arraigneth, Nothing unavenged remaineth. What shall I, frail man, be pleading? Who for me be interceding, When the just are mercy needing? King of majesty tremendous, Who dost free salvation send us, Fount of pity then befriend us. Think, good Jesu! my salvation Caused Thy wondrous Incarnation; Leave me not to reprobation. Faint and weary Thou hast sought me, On the cross of suffering bought me: Shall such grace be vainly brought me? Righteous Judge of retribution Grant thy gift of absolution, Ere that reckoning-day's conclusion. Guilty, now I pour my moaning, All my shame with anguish owning; Spare, O God, Thy suppliant groaning. Thou the sinful woman savedst; Thou the dying thief forgavest; And to me a hope vouchsafes^ * The chant sung by the monks is the ancient plain song, ' ' Dies irae, dies ilia," written in the 13th century, both the words and music being attributed to Thomas of Celano. On certain festivals the liturgy of the early church contained the sequentia, a species of hymn of which a great many examples were once in existence, though only a few, including the "Dies Irae," now remain. The free translation by W. J. Irons shows the present listener how well the philosophy of the Middle Ages is summed up by this old sequeutia. FRIDAY, OCTOBER THIRTEENTH 63 Preces meae non sunt dignae, Bed tu bonus fac benigne, Ne perenni cremer igne! Inter oves locum praesta, Et ab haedis me sequestra, Statuens in parte dextra! Confutatis maledictis, Flammis acribus addictis, Voea me cum benedictisl Oro supplex et acclinis, Cor contritum quasi cinis, Gere curam mei finis! Lacrimosa dies ilia, Qua resurget ex f avilla, ludicandus homo reus. Huic ergo parce, Deus. Pie lesu Domine, Dona eis requiem. Worthless are my prayers and sighing, Yet, good Lord, in grace complying, Rescue me from fires undying. With Thy favor 'd sheep O place me, Nor among the goats abase me, But to Thy right hand upraise me. While the wicked are confounded, Doom'd to flames of woe unbounded, Call me with Thy Saints surrounded. Low I kneel, with heart-submission, See, like ashes, my contrition; Help me in my last condition. Ah! that day of tears and mourning! From the dust of earth returning Man for judgment must prepare him! Spare, O God, in mercy spare him! Lord all pitying, Jesu Blest, Grant them Thine eternal rest. At the close of the singing, the monks leave the stage, the knights disperse, and only the figures of the Liberal Arts are left, a final reminder of the limited extent of the learning of the Middle Ages from which the great universities of Europe derived their beginnings. From this life and thought of the twelfth to the fifteenth cen- turies sprang such universities as Oxford and Cambridge, Bologna and Padua, Prague and Heidelberg, Paris and Salamanca, Leyden and Utrecht, and from these in turn our own early colleges are descended. The prolog closes with the withdrawal of these figures. EPISODE I English and Dutch 1730 CAST INHABITANTS OF NEW BRUNSWICK (ENGLISH) Mrs. Albert C. de Regt Miss Helen Deshler Mrs. Henry G. Parker Mrs. Frank K. Runyon Mrs. William V. B. Van Dyck Mrs. Helen Yarnell Children: Ruth Yarnell, Leonard Lipman FERRYMEN Mr. Alfred M. Hickman Mr. C. Elwood Reese Mr. G. Harold Buttler Rev. Edward W. Hall Mr. D. M. Vail Kinports Mr. Frank B. Merritt Prof. Charles H. Whitman 64 EUTGEBS CELEBRATION DUTCH SETTLERS Mrs. Charles H. Hart Miss Edna Garretson Mrs. Alvah T. Jordan Misa L. Elizabeth Wilber Mrs. Frederick C. Minkler Mr. William G. Bearman Mrs. Albert L. Wycoff Mr. Ernest T. Dewald Miss Alice Barbour Prof. Harry N. Lendall Miss Helen Cathcart Children: Khoda Minkler, Daniel Lipman, Edward Lipman From early times a considerable proportion of the citi- zens of New Brunswick have been of Dutch ancestry. There is no record of the arrival of any large number of Dutch settlers at any one time but there is reason to believe that some of them came here from Albany about 1730. It is upon such a supposition that the action of the episode is based. New Brunswick had been settled long before 1730, in fact Cornelius Longfield and John Inian had settled here in 1681. The earlier settlers all seem to have been English. In the scene represented a number of the inhabitants of the town (New Brunswick was granted a city charter December 19, 1730) are seen about their daily tasks. On the opposite side of the water, which in this scene corre- sponds to the Baritan River, a number of Dutch settlers appear. They call for the ferry which goes across to meet them. 5 As they await its coming they are heard 5 Two Indian trails, converging and crossing the river at what was known as the Falls, are responsible for the first streets of New Brunswick. One ran north and south. It was the Minnisink Path, which became Burnet Street. The other ran east and west from the Kills to the Falls of the Delaware at Trenton. This became French Street, taking its name from Philip French, who owned the land on both sides of it. Some time after 1741 the name was changed to Albany Street by reason of purchases along it made by settlers from Albany, N. Y. The Indian ford was possible only at low tide and when there were no freshets. To facilitate the crossing of the river, John Inian, one of the first settlers of the region, established a ferry in 1686. From it the town derived its early name of ' ' Inian 'a Ferry. ' ' Inian opened the roads, be- came the first sheriff of Somerset County, and was a member of Governor Hamilton's Council, 1695 to 1698. In facing the pageant stage the spectator should imagine that he is look- ing down Albany Street toward the river, the road along the back of the stage corresponding to Burnet Street. PAGEANT, EPISODE I: THE FATTED CALF BEFORE THE ARRIVAL OF THE DUTCH FRIDAY, OCTOBER THIRTEENTH 65 singing the twenty-seventh Psalm in its old Dutch set- ting. 8 PSALM XXVII Whom should I fear, since God to me Is saving Health and glorious Light; He is my strength against my Foes What dangers can my soul affright? With fierce Intent my Flesh to tear, When cruel Foes beset me round, They stumbled and their haughty crests, With sudden Ruin, struck the ground. Henceforth to dwell within His House, My heart's Desires shall ever be; To know His will I'll there resort, The beauty of the Lord to see. My humble Heart on God depends, And dares with. mighty Hosts to cope; Since He's my help, in doubtful War, For certain conquest I will hope. For there alone my Soul shall find Sweet Rest in time of deep distress, And safe as on a rock, with joy, Abide in that secure Recess. Whilst God, by His Almighty pow'r, My head o'er all my Foes shall raise, My soul Thank offerings shall make, And sing before Him Songs of Praise. The English go down to the shore to meet them and as they return to the stage, both English and Dutch are singing. The settlers are welcomed to New Brunswick and land is pointed out to them on which to build. They are then led off, as if to their homes, by the English villagers. 7 The chant of the Dutch settlers was taken from a service book pub- lished in New York in 1767, containing English translations of the Psalms set to music, as used in the Reformed Dutch church. Before this transla- tion was made, about 1730, the time represented by the action, the Dutch language was still used, the same music being employed. The tune of St. Anne was written by a "Mr. Denby" and published in Barber's Psalm Tunes, in 1687. Note the general similarity between this and the Dutch Psalm tune. * There is a description of New Brunswick which includes a reference to the Dutch settlers in the diary of Prof. Peter Kalm, the Swedish botanist and traveler. He writes: "October 29, 1748 at noon we arrived at New Brunswick. The town extends north and south along the river. Such 66 RUTGERS CELEBRATION EPISODE II The Charter 1766 Governor Franklin of the Province of New Jersey Grants a Royal Charter to Queen 's College CAST GOVERNOR FRANKLIN^ Mr. Alan H. Strong MEMBERS OF THE COUNCIL Prof. Arthur J. Farley Prof. Stuart A. Stephenson, Jr. Mr. Ambrose Hardenbergh Mr. Charles S. Van Nuis Mr. J. Bayard Kirkpatrick Mr. Douwe D. Williamson Mr. Robert W. Searle PETITIONERS Rev. Edward P. Johnson Mr. Mayne S. Mason Prof. Albert R. Johnson Prof. Richard Morris Prof. John H. Logan Mr. J. Claude Thomson While neither the original charter of Queen's College, nor any copy of it, is known to be in existence, it is known that it was granted on November 10, 1766, in the name of King George the Third by His Excellency Will- iam Franklin, Governor of the Province of New Jersey. houses as consist of both wood and brick have only the walls towards the street of brick, all the other sides being merely planks. Before each door there was an elevation to which you ascend by some steps from the street. It resembles a small balcony and had some benches on both sides, on which the people sat in the evening in order to enjoy the fresh air and to have the pleasure of viewing those who passed by. The town has only one street lengthways and at the northern extremity there is a street across. Both of these are of considerable length. One of the streets is almost entirely inhabited by Dutchmen who came here from Albany, and for that reason called it Albany Street." s Governor Franklin, natural son of Benjamin Franklin, was the last Colonial governor of New Jersey, 1763-1776. He was a strong Loyalist and of his council six were termed Loyalists as well. They were David Ogden, Charles Reid, John Ladd, James Parker, John Smyth, and Frederick Smyth. Five were Patriots: Lord Stirling, afterward one of Washington's generals; John Stevens, whose steamboat, the Phoenix, was just a few weeks behind Fulton's in being launched, and so lost the exclusive rights to New York state waters granted to Fulton; and Peter Kemble, who pre- sided in the absence of the governor. He lived in New Brunswick, and another Peter Kemble, his nephew, was in the first class in Queen's College. Samuel Woodruffe was also a Patriot as was Richard Stockton, of Prince- ton, who succeeded him in office on November 15, 1769. This Richard Stockton was a signer of the Declaration of Independence. FRIDAY, OCTOBER THIRTEENTH 67 The scene of the episode is the meeting of the Council of the Province at which the charter was granted. 9 To the strains of "Rule Britannia," Governor Frank- lin and his Council are seen approaching. As they as- semble, a group of Petitioners, clergymen and laymen of New Brunswick and other parts of the Colonies, ap- proach. To them is handed the Eoyal Charter under which Queen's College was established. At the sound of music all rise and "God Save the King" is sung. 10 GOD SAVE THE KING God save our Lord, the King, Long live our noble King, God save the King. Send him victorious, Happy and glorious, Long to reign over usj God save the King. O Lord, our God, arise, Scatter his enemies, And make them fall! Confound their politics, Frustrate their knavish tricks, On Thee our hopes we fix, God save us all. Thy choicest gifts in store, On him be pleased to pour, Long may he reign! May he defend our laws, And ever give us cause To sing with heart and voice, God save the King. At the conclusion of the singing the meeting breaks up 9 While the first charter of the College is unfortunately missing, there is preserved the rough draft of a petition of the Trustees for a change in it. It was perhaps due to this petition that the second charter was granted in 1770. The name Queen's College, as fixed by the charter, was undoubtedly selected by Governor Franklin as a compliment to the Consort of King George III, Charlotte of Mecklenburgh-Strelitz. She became queen Sep- tember 8, 1761, and was evidently a capable as well as a beautiful woman. 10 The two English national songs used were written about the same time, "Rule Britannia" by Dr. Arne in 1740 and "God Save the King," ascribed to Henry Carey, in 1743. 68 RUTGERS CELEBRATION with mutual congratulations and hearty wishes for the success of the new college. 11 11 The Dutch dominies evidently understood the text "Be ye wise as serpents," when they made up the list of petitioners for a charter for Queen's College. These petitioners were among the most prominent men in the Province. Peter Hassenelever, Colonel Theunis Dey, Captain Kuyper, and Hendriek Fisher were men of wealth or of official position or business prominence. Van Metern was a great land holder in Salem County, owning about 6,000 acres. William Ouke was mayor of New Brunswick, 1763 to 1779. Dr. John Cochran was Surgeon General during the Revolution and familiarly called "Dear Bones" by Washington. Rev. Ab m Beach, an Episcopal minister of this city, was later an assistant at Trinity Church, New York. Johannes Johnson was mayor of New York and Ab m Lott was a treasurer of the Colony. The latter at one time lived in the neighbor- hood of Morristown, and Mrs. Washington visited with the Lotts while the General was in camp near their home. The following is a copy of a rough draft of the petition for a change in the first charter. Restorations of parts missing from the torn original are inclosed in brackets, []. the petition of the trustees of qu[ens] Colige of new Jersy most humly shewet. that by a former petition, & adres to your Ex y & honors, thay most sinsably exprest thare greadf oul sentements of the destinquig favour grantet by the Royle Charter for EReeting a simenery of larning by the nam of Quens Colige of new Jersy by which favours, your Ex y & Honers disCovert a most tender and imparsioll Regrardt for the good of all mankined in ginarle & for Removing those Devickletis the duch in thise parts laybert onder of sending thar Jouth to holland to be adecaytet for the Cosspel ministry in pertikoler. by which generis a Disposotion th[a]y whare in- Coritge to supleCad[e for th]e alteration of Garten Classis, in sad Chart [er whijch thay aperhandit woult (if not alteret) be pre[judi]tial to the progras of s d intetewion and that as your Ex y & honers did not thinck proper at that time to grant thare Request wee your Hum 1 petitionars, are onder this disagreable need sesity to truble your Ex y & honers agin at this time weth our most persing suppleCation. wee Can now from sad Expieren ashour your Ex y & honers. that weth out those alterations wee have the greatist Reson to vear that this inteteuion tho Ever so wise & Cearf ouly planet Can never with Credit & Repewtaion be Caret in to Execution or answer the good pu[rp]oses intendit thareby your Ex y & honer will be sinable that the funds nesysary for Erecting & suporting [the sa]d instetewtion will prinsably depend upon the [li]verle doanation from the duch inhabetens of our nabring provensis as well as of this Collony and wee have to much Reson to suspect that Chanel ever to open onles those imbarrisens are Removet aspasiely that alarming thestinction between Resydens & non Resydens of this Collony. wee have from time to time apintet meetings of the trosteas. But have not bin able even to form a bourt Except the last & then not a suvitiont no' of layman to Elect other trusteas in the Room of such as have then Resingnet or Revuse to quallivy and that the prinsable Reeson wy som Revuse to qualyfy & others in- FBIDAY, OCTOBER THIRTEENTH 69 EPISODE III Patriotism of City and College 1776 The Reading of the Declaration of Independence in New Brunswick CAST COL. JOHN NEILSON: Mr. Robert Hude Neilson (d) RIDER: Mr. Russell E. Watson CITIZENS OF NEW BRUNSWICK (Descendants of Colonial citizens are marked "d") Mrs. Charles H. Bonney (d) Miss Marie Cowenhoven (d) Mrs. Oliver Davidson (d) Miss Helen Janeway (d) Mrs. Edward W. Hall (d) Miss Helen Janeway, Jr. (d) Mrs. J. Bayard Kirkpatrick (d) Miss Katherine Janeway (d) Mrs. Jacob G. Lipman Miss Adelaide Parker (d) Mrs. George W. C. McCarter (d) Miss Catherine H. Sehneeweiss (d) Mrs. John H. Raven (d) Miss Julia Wells Mrs. Alan H. Strong (d) Miss Helen Williamson (d) Mrs. Mott Bedell Vail (d) Miss Julia Williamson (d) Mrs. William H. Waldron (d) Mr. George V. N. Baldwin, Jr. (d) Miss Elizabeth Rutgers Baldwin (d) Prof. Arthur J. Parley Miss Margaret Bayard Baldwin (d) Mr. Ambrose Hardenbergh (d) Miss Sarah Clark (d) Mr. J. Bayard Kirkpatrick (d) Children: Annie Chamberlain, Mary Chamberlain, Ethel Schlosser Asher Atkinson, William Atkinson, Leonard Lipman FIFE AND DRUM CORPS Robert O. Bowlby Kenneth C. Hand William D. Burch, Jr. Robert V. E. Martin Chester C. Cubberley Graham Pelton Harold W. Faint John K. Powell MILITIA Captain: Capt. Shelby Carl Leasure Lieutenant: Francis J. Scarr Lauren S. Archibald Herbert C. Koehler Everett B. Bleecker Perry M. Moore Joseph Breckley Henry R. Perkins Frank L. Clayton Alfred P. Skinner Willis P. Duruz Joseph H. Sprague, Jr. Norman K. Eypper M. Joseph Truscott Isidor B. Glucksman Pierre Van Dyck Earl S. Harris [Cli]neable to Resine & so very bakward in atefnding] are those Restric- tions Complaind off] in our former petion wee thare four in behalf of that loydable & most promising instetewtion. do a most Ernestly desyre & pray that your Ex y & honors will be pleeset to take this very salm afayr in to your most searis Consetheration ft to grant such Releve ft asisten thearin as to you in your gread wisdom shall seeme meet and wee as in dewty bound shall Ever pray singd by order of the trusteas Conviend at hakinsake the 4 U of Octob' 1769 70 RUTGERS CELEBRATION While the exact date on which the Declaration of Inde- pendence was read in New Brunswick is not known, the manner of its reading and its reception by the citizens is recorded. It was read by Colonel John Neilson from the top of a table brought out of a house on Albany Street. It is on this information that the action of the episode is based. 12 Citizens of New Brunswick pass to and fro. The sound of fife and drum 13 is heard from a direction correspond- ing to Burnet Street. A company of Colonial militia ap- proach, Colonel John Neilson at their head. 14 As they reach the center of the stage, they disband and mingle with the townspeople. A rider is heard approaching from the Princeton road. He rides to the center of the 12 Force's Archives tell us that the Declaration of Independence was read in the State House in Philadelphia on the 8th of July, at Trenton, N. J., the same day, and in Nassau Hall at Princeton on the evening of July the 9th. From other sources we learn that it was read by Col. John Neilson in New Brunswick, from the top of a table or barrel brought out of the house of his brother officer, Moses Scott, M.D., surgeon of the same regiment which Col. Neilson commanded. Lieut. Col. Azariah Dunham, Major John Duychinck, and Major John Taylor were also officers in this regiment. So too was John Van Emburgh. As the militia were engaged watching the British along Newark Bay and the Kills from Amboy to Elizabethtown and Powles Hook until the 20th of July, when they were allowed to go home to gather the harvest, the reading was probably at or about that date. This may account for the absence of a note in Force's Archives as to its reading. Some opposition was expected, but none de- veloped. On the contrary, it was well received. The pageant deviates to some degree from historical accuracy in the interest of the action. is The music played by the fife and drum corps as the militia appear is called ' ' The Federal March. ' ' This was probably first published in Boston in 1780 or 1790, but was played considerably before this time. i* The first company raised in New Brunswick was a company of minute men. Their standing, equipment, organization, and employment were not satisfactory, and Colonel Neilson asked that they might be put on a better footing. Col. Neilson was first the Colonel of the Minute Men and after- ward Colonel of the 2d Regiment, Middlesex Foot Militia. The officers who were associated with Col. Neilson whether under the first or second or- ganization it is difficult to say were Lieut. Col. Azariah Dunham, Major John Duychinck, Lieut. Col. Richard Lott, Major John Taylor, Major John Van Emburgh, Surgeon Moses Scott, and Lieut. Jas. Schureman. In later days, 1824, when LaFayette passed through New Brunswick his escort consisted of the first squadron of Horse Artillery, Major Van Dyke commanding, the New Brunswick Artillery Company, in which Jas. Neilson was an officer, and the City Guards. FRIDAY, OCTOBER THIRTEENTH 71 stage, dismounts and asks for the Colonel. He is directed to him and hands him a paper. A table is brought and, mounting upon it, Colonel Neilson reads the Declaration of Independence to the citizens and soldiers. THE DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE A declaration by the representatives of the United States of America, in Congress assembled. When in the course of human events, it becomes necessary for one people to dissolve the political bands which have connected them with another, and to assume among the powers of the earth the separate and equal station to which the laws of nature and of nature's God entitle them, a decent respect to the opinions of mankind requires that they should declare the causes which impel them to the separation. We hold these truths to be self-evident: that all men are created equal; that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable rights; that among these are life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness; that, to secure these rights, governments are instituted among men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed; that whenever any form of government becomes destructive of these ends, it is the right of the people to alter or to abolish it, and to institute new government, laying its foundations on such principles, and organizing its powers in such form, as to them shall seem most likely to effect their safety and happiness. Pru- dence, indeed, will dictate that governments long established should not be changed for light and transient causes; and accordingly, all experience hath shown that mankind are more disposed to suffer, while evils are suffer- able, than to right themselves by abolishing the forms to which they are accustomed. But when a long train of abuses and usurpations, pursuing invariably the same object, evinces a design to reduce them under absolute despotism, it is their duty, it is their right, to throw off such government, and to provide new guards for their future security. Such has been the patient sufferance of these colonies, and such is now the necessity which constrains them to alter their former systems of government. We, therefore, the representatives of the United States of America, in General Congress assembled, appealing to the Supreme Judge of the world for the rectitude of our intentions, do, in the name and by the authority of the good people of these colonies, solemnly publish and declare, that these United Colonies are, and of right ought to be, free and independent states; that they are absolved from all allegiance to the British crown, and that all political connection between them and the state of Great Britain is, and ought to be, totally dissolved; and that as free and independent states, they have full power to levy war, conclude peace, contract alliances, establish commerce, and to do all other acts and things which independent states may of right do. And for the support of this declaration, with a firm reliance on the pro- tection of Divine Providence, we mutually pledge to each other our lives, our fortunes, and our sacred honor. The reading is followed by applause. The militia fall 72 RUTGERS CELEBRATION in and to the tune of "Yankee Doodle " the company disperses. 15 EPISODE IV Expansion 1809 The Laying of the Cornerstone of Queen's Building, April 27, 1809 CAST PRESIDENT CONDICT: Rev. John H. Raven TRUSTEES Prof. Alva Agee Prof. Albert C. de Regt Mr. Asher Atkinson Prof. Charles Hale Prof. Maurice A. Blake Prof. Thomas J. Headlee Mr. Philip M. Brett Prof. Harry R. Lewis Mr. Holmes V. M. Dennis, Jr. Dr. J. Percy Schureman (descendant) PROFESSORS Prof. William P. Kelly Prof. Alfred A. Titsworth Mr. Charles J. Scudder STUDENTS Joseph L. Chambers Elmer W. Packer Donald H. Davenport A. Leslie Pfeil Harold B. Hill John W. Rastall R. Stuart Jones H. Wolcott Rogers George W. Ingling Jaques M. Stryker Francis E. Lyons Roller D. Van Wagenen Frank P. Merritt Arthur J. Wirth Ross H. Miner CITIZENS or NEW BRUNSWICK Mrs. Asher Atkinson Miss Julia Bogart Mrs. Lewis B. Chamberlain Miss Evelyn Knox Mrs. Holmes V. M. Dennis, Jr. Miss Maud Schenck Mrs. George A. Osborn Miss Helen E. Searle Mrs. Eliot R. Payson Miss Agnes W. Storer Mrs. J. Percy Schureman Miss Elizabeth Strong Mrs. William B. Twiss Prof. Frederick C. Minkler Miss Louise Benedict Dr. Arthur L. Smith Miss Elisabeth R. Bevier Prof. William B. Stone The accounts of the laying of the cornerstone of the new building for Queen's College are extremely meager. is The tune of "Yankee Doodle" is played as it probably sounded in 1776. This version is taken from a selection of Scottish, English, Irish, and foreign airs published in Glasgow about 1775 or 1776. FRIDAY, OCTOBER THIRTEENTH 73 The Trustees' minutes record the fact that twelve Trus- tees were present at the meeting held on the day that the cornerstone was laid. It is also a tradition that coins were thrown into the mortar at the conclusion of the ceremony. Upon these minutes and this tradition the action portrayed is based. 16 A procession of Trustees, Faculty, students, and citi- zens wends its way from the city of New Brunswick to the College grounds. Upon their arrival President Condict lays the stone and the old Dutch hymn, "We Gather To- gether to Ask the Lord's Blessing," is sung. "A PRAYER OF THANKSGIVING" We gather together to ask the Lord's blessing, He chastens and hastens His will to make known; The wicked oppressing, cease them from distressing, Sing praise to His name, He forgets not His own. Beside us to guide us, our God with us joining, Ordaining, maintaining His kingdom divine, So from the beginning the fight we were winning; Thou, Lord, wast at our side, the glory be Thine. We all do extol Thee, Thou Leader in battle, And pray that Thou still our Defender will be. Let Thy congregation escape tribulation; Thy name be ever praised O Lord, make us free. IB The laying of the corner stone of the third building in which Queen 's College held its sessions took place on April 27, 1809. There is, however, no satisfactory account of the ceremonies. Twelve of the Trustees those who could readily be called together held a meeting on that day. It is therefore quite possible to assume that they had a part in the exercises. Tradition says that the President, Rev. Ira Condict, then but 45, laid the stone with his left hand. The other trustees were Rev. John M. Van Harlingen, 48 ; Rev. John Schureman, 31 ; three clergymen and nine lay- men: J. R. Hardenbergh Jr., John Neilson, James Schureman, Dr. Levi Dunham, Rob 1 Boggs, Staats Van Duersen, Dr. Chas. Smith, W. P. Deare, and Ab m Blauvelt. The last named published the city paper and no doubt wrote an account of the ceremony, but unfortunately no paper of the data can be found. All were citizens of New Brunswick. Of the Faculty, there were present, Daniel H. Condict and Robert Adrain; and of the city clergy, Rev. Dr. John Croes, Rector of Christ Church, who was also a teacher in the Preparatory School, which attained a high degree of excellence under his administration. He was later the first Bishop of New Jersey. The eighteen students, the wives of the Trustees and Faculty, and the enthusiastic friends of the College must have completed the company which wended its way from the town to the barren hill where "Old Queen's" was to stand. "Old Queen's" itself was designed by John McComb, the architect of 74 RUTGERS CELEBRATION At its conclusion there is mutual congratulation, coins are tossed into the mortar, and the procession returns to the city. EPISODE V Social Life of City and College 1840 A Ball at "Buccleuch" 17 CAST COLONEL JOSEPH W. SCOTT: Mr. Charles T. Cowenhoven, Jr. MRS. RICHARD VARICK DEY: Mrs. Edward W. Hicks GUESTS Mrs. Dniry W. Cooper Miss Laura B. Kirkpatrick Mrs. J. Douglas Fisher Rev. J. Frederick Berg Mrs. W. Edwin Florance Mr. J. Douglas Fisher Mrs. John W. Mettler Mr. John W. Mettler Mrs. Walter R. Newton Mr. Ralph N. Perlee Mrs. Ralph G. Wright Mr. Charles H. Reed Miss Catherine L. Davidson Mr. Henry P. Schneeweiss Miss Mary Gillespie Mr. Percy L. Van Nuis GUESTS WHO DANCE Miss Elizabeth Baldwin Mr. Henry C. Berg Miss Mary Baldwin Mr. John S. DeLamater Miss Margaret Daly Air. J. Ralston Lippincott Miss Ella Halsted Mr. Robert G. Test Miss Katherine Runyon Mr. W. Phillips Thorp, Jr. Miss Katherine Stevenson Mr. Pierre D. Van Mater Miss Dorothy Strong Mr. Anson "W. Voorhees Miss Katherine Weigel Mr. Charles L. Walker MUSICIANS Morris Breitkopf John R. Van Arsdale Raymond J. T. Swing SERVANTS Roy E. Anderson Mefford R. Runyon M. Harold Higgins The Colonial mansion of Buccleuch, built about 1742, has been famous for its hospitality. For more than a century and a half it was the scene of notable events. Among them was a ball given in 1840 by Colonel J. W. the New York City Hall. Clothed in its new coat of white, it has again, after many years, assumed its rightful place among the beautifully pro- portioned buildings of our early American architecture. " The history of the Colonial mansion of Buccleuch begins with its oc- cupancy by Anthony White, who married Elizabeth Morris about the same time that Edw. Antell married her sister Anne. Both were daughters of Gov. Lewis Morris. It was about 1742 that White built the "Whit* FRIDAY, OCTOBEE THIRTEENTH 75 Scott, at which his daughter, Mrs. Richard Varick Dey, acted as hostess. Other New Brunswick homes were famous for their entertainments, among them the tem- porary residence of Baron Hyde de Neuville, French minister from 1816 to 1822. A famous ball was given by him in 1815 to which there were issued two hundred invitations. We possess accounts of both this and the Buccleuch ball and it is upon the basis of the social life which they suggest that the action of this episode is based. As the musicians commence to play the host and hostess take their places to receive the guests. These arrive and are welcomed. A quadrille is formed and danced, after which the guests take their partners and leave the stage as if for supper. 18 I. Le Pantalon The first strain, eight measures, played once before the dance commences. Figure. The first strain repeated, the second and third played straight through and Da Capo every time figure is performed. Bars 1st. The four opposites advance and retire 4 2nd. Chassez to the right and left 4 3rd. Set to your partners 4 4th. Turn your partners with both hands 4 5th. Ladies chain 8 6th. Chassez across, all eight set and back again 8 The other dancers do the same. House," now Buccleuch, and Antell built the house, now called Ross Hall, almost directly opposite across the river. Shortly before the Revolution White sold his house to Gen. Wm. Burton, who had married Isabella Auchmuty, daughter of the Rector of Trinity Church, New York. It was confiscated by the Commission of Forfeited Estates and sold in 1783. While held by the Commission it was occupied briefly by George Janeway and then by the Inniskillen Dragoons. Charles Stewart was the next owner; then John Garnett, who lived in it 23 years, and at his death Col. Joseph Scott. Mr. Dey, who inherited Buccleuch, and with his sister pre- sented it to the city for a park, is a descendant of Col. Theunis Dey, of Bergen County, one of the petitioners for the charter of Queen's College in 1766. The house itself is a fine example of the ' ' Colonial Architecture ' ' of New Jersey. Not as rich in decorative detail nor as pure in design as some of its New England contemporaries, it is nevertheless well worth a visit for the lover of what was best in the art of our early days. 18 The directions for the quadrille as here presented were taken from "A Companion to the Ball Room," by Thos. Wilson, published in London about 1820, containing directions for all the dances in vogue at the time. 76 RUTGERS CELEBRATION II. L 'Et6 The first strain played once before the dance commences. Figure. The first strain repeated, second played straight through and Da Capo every time the figure is performed. Bars 1st. The opposite lady and gentleman advance and retire 4 2nd. Turn your partners 4 3rd. Cross over, giving right hand to the opposite lady, and set 4 4th. Chassez to the right and left 4 5th. Cross back again to places, giving the left hand, and set 4 6th. Chassez to right and left 4 The other dancers do the same. When all couples have finished the dance, then hands all around for the finale, which will take the first strain once. A ball at Buccleuch which was given in 1840, and a preceding ball at Baron Hyde de Neuville's have been reviewed in a most interesting manner by Miss Mary J. Atkinson in a paper read before the New Brunswick Historical Society. It is unfortunate that the limited space of a program does not permit the reproduction of this article. It gives a very clear in- sight into the life of the period and its list of guests contains numerous names identified with New Brunswick from the earliest times and still borne by many of her citizens. This ball at Buccleuch was in costume and a description of it in verse has come down to us. Besides the account of the guests which this description contains there is an interesting refer- ence to the refreshments of such an occasion. "Then all did justice to the fare, (Not fair) that with great gout they swallowed. The oysters vanished quickly there, And many a sandwich followed. A maid I was admiring there, She seemed a nun just from the cloisters, But she ate up a plate (I swear) Of luscious pickled oysters. The grapes were gathered rapidly, Almonds and jellies vanished fast, And one might see The mottoes flee Like leaves upon the blast. Thus ends my song my pen is tired With making food for others' laughter. If any more should be required, 111 give it you hereafter." O. G. WARREN, New York, March 6, 1840. As the guests are assembled for the ball the musicians play some of the waltzes of Johann Strauss, whose dance music had just come into vogue at this time. The quaint, old-fashioned quadrille used is by Phillipe Musard (born in Paris 1793), one of the best French composers of dance music, being especially well known for his quadrilles. The dull title page of this composition, which was printed in New York, reads "Les Echos, Quadrille, as performed at the Assemblies and Private Parties by Kammers' Cele- brated Band." FRIDAY, OCTOBER THIRTEENTH 77 EPISODE VI Patriotism Reaffirmed 1861 The Flag Raising of May 13, 1861 CAST PRESIDENT FRELINGHUYSEN : Prof. E. Livingston Barbour PROFESSORS Prof. Edwin B. Davis Prof. J. Volney Lewia Mr. Leigh W. Kimball Prof. Walter R. Newton CITY OFFICIALS Prof. Charles H. Whitman Mr. G. Harold Buttler CITIZENS OF NEW BRUNSWICK Mrs. Alva Agee Miss Calista Allen Mrs. J. Frederic Berg Miss Josephine Atkinson Mrs. Maurice A. Blake Miss Margaret S. Cook Mrs. Thomas J. Buckley Miss Charlotte K. Drury Mrs. John S. Clark Miss Loraine C. Harrison Mrs. James A. Edgar Miss Fanny Marshall Mrs. William P. Kelly Miss Elizabeth Metlar Mrs. W. Johnson Kenyon Miss Katherine Metlar Mrs. Harry R. Lewis Miss Louise Mundy Mrs. John W. Mettler Miss Helen Pitman Mrs. Frank B. Pratt Miss Juliette V. N. Schwenger Mrs. J. Preston Searle Miss Mary Spader Mrs. L. Kirkpatrick Smith Dr. David C. English Mrs. Charles W. Stevens Mr. John W. Mettler Mrs. Gerard Swope Mr. J. Claude Thomson Mrs. Clarence Ward Children: Ruth Berg, Margaret Stevens, Henrietta Swope, Helen Ward Frederic Berg, Treadwell Berg, Champion Ward STUDENTS David G. Ackerman Roy F. Layton Willis W. Angus Prof. Harry N. Lendall Lauren S. Archibald Noel D. Ludlow Charles E. Bloodgood Andrew F. Lynch Herbert W. Boes Brooks C. Martin Byron P. Croker William N. Packard Joseph Duffee Gustav Patz Taylor H. Edwards George J. A. Perpente Elmer H. French C. William Pfeil, Jr. Lawrence H. French Sidney Seidler Vincent J. Gallagher, Jr. Leonard A. Sibley Frederick B. Heitkamp Charles LeR. Steegar Albert W. Holzmann Cyril Wimpenny Harry R. Klein Wm. Stanley Woodward 78 RUTGERS CELEBRATION SOLDIERS Captain: Capt. Shelby C. Leasure Lieutenant: Francis J. Scarr Karl O. Baird Paul W. Lukens Norman G. Becker Henry R. Perkins Everett B. Bleecker Neal D. Quimby Joseph Breckley Austin M. Rice Frank L. Clayton Alfred P. Skinner Thomas F. Colleran J. Horace Sprague, Jr. Willis P. Duruz Edwin B. Thompson Norman K. Eypper M. Joseph Truscott Isidor B. Glucksman Jerome S. Underbill Warren L. Griffin Pierre Van Dyck Earl S. Harris Sheldon E. Ward Charles H. Hollenbeck William G. Whitney Herbert C. Koehler The Christian Intelligencer of May 23, 1861, gives an account of the raising of the Stars and Stripes over But- gers College amid the unbounded enthusiasm of the stu- dents, a number of whom had already enlisted. The flag, made and presented by the young ladies of the city, was fourteen by twenty-two feet in size. The venerable presi- dent, Hon. Theodore Frelinghuysen, made the address, and the Hon. G. B. Adrain made the presentation speech. The flag raising was at four o'clock and about five hun- dred persons were present. It is upon this account, sup- plemented by similar accounts from other sources, that this episode is based. 19 A crowd is seen gathering to witness the raising of a new flag above Queen's building. The President of the College, members of the Faculty, and important towns- people take their places on the platform. Students and citizens gather about. The President makes a speech: "We are gathered together, my friends, on a most solemn and important occasion. In a time when we were in the full tide of national blessings, when our country's banner was cherished at home, respected and honored abroad, we find that seven sister states have separated from us and raised the armed hand of rebellion to overthrow the government. . . . Our fore- fathers saw and felt the defects springing from the independence of single ! A paper read before the New Brunswick Historical Society by Dr. J. H. Raven, contains a most interesting and comprehensive account both of this flag raising and of the laying of the cornerstone of Queen's College. 79 states, and that there could not be either safety or glory in thirteen inde- pendent factions. Hence the framers of the Constitution assembled for the purpose of forming a wise and permanent bond of union. The Union formed then is the Union of today, and under it our prosperity has been so great that we are willing to sacrifice the last drop of our blood to see it maintained against traitors. Secession is only a name gotten up to palliate treason. The doctrine would be amusing were it not so abominable. Why, if seven states can secede, what is to hinder one! Nay, may not Middlesex county secede from New Jersey and New Brunswick from Middlesex county! The next thing will be that our very wives will be seceding from us. ... The first cannon shot against Sumter struck the great heart of the American people and that heart shall never cease beating until this wrong is avenged. (These seceding states) are endeavoring to coil a ser- pent among the stars and stripes, whose fangs shall strike out the emblems of seven states from its glorious folds. If a foreign foe had attempted this the nation would have risen up as one man to hurl down the aggressor, and how much worse was it when the foe came from within our own bosom. . . . We must fight! There is no alternative. Rebellion must be crushed, and then we shall become once more a happy and united people." The students sing "The Flag of Our Union." 20 THE FLAG OF OUR UNION FOREVER A song for our banner, the watch-word recall, Which gave the Republic her station. United we stand, divided we fall, It made and preserved us a nation. The union of lakes, the union of lands, The union of states none can sever; The union of hearts, the union of hands, And the flag of our union forever! The flag 21 is raised amid cheers, followed by the sing- ing of "The Battle Hymn of the Republic." THE BATTLE HYMN OF THE REPUBLIC Mine eyes have seen the glory of the coming of the Lord, He is trampling out the vintage where the grapes of wrath are stored, He hath loosed the fateful lightning of His terrible swift sword: His truth is marching on. Chorus : Glory! Glory! Hallelujah! Glory! Glory! Glory! Hallelujah! Glory! Glory! Hallelujah! His truth is marching on. 20 The singing was led by three young men of the college, and consisted of "America," "The Star Spangled Banner," and "The Flag of our Union. ' ' 21 The flag used in this episode was owned by a gentleman of Brooklyn and was flown from his residence in that city upon the receipt of the news of each victory of the Union armies. 80 RUTGERS CELEBRATION I have seen Him in the watch-fires of a hundred circling camps, They have builded Him an altar in the evening dews and damps; I can read His righteous sentence by the dim and flaring lamps: His day is marching on. Cho. He has sounded forth the trumpet that shall never call retreat; He is sifting out the hearts of men before His judgment-seat: Ohl be swift! my soul, to answer Him! be jubilant, my feet! Since God is marching on. Cho. In the beauty of the lilies Christ was born across the sea, With a glory in His bosom that transfigures you and me; As He died to make men holy, let us die to make men free, While God is marching on. Cho. A company of soldiers marches by on the way to the front. Some of the college boys run out to join them. The crowd then disperses to the strains of "Tenting Tonight. " TENTING ON THE OLD CAMP GROUND We're tenting tonight on the old camp ground, Give us a song to cheer Our weary hearts, a song of home And friends we lov'd so dear. Chorus: Many are the hearts that are weary tonight, Waiting for the war to cease, Many are the hearts waiting for the right, To see the dawn of peace. Eefrain: Tenting tonight, Tenting tonight, Tenting on the old camp ground. We've been tenting tonight on the old camp ground, Thinking of days gone by, Of the lov'd ones at home who gave us the hand, And the tears that said ' ' good-bye ! ' ' Chorus and Eefrain We're tired of war on the old camp ground, Many are dead and gone, Of the brave and true who've left their homes, Others been wounded long. Chorus and Eefrain EPILOG The Expansion of Learning CAST THE ARTS AND SCIENCES Mrs. Louis Bevier, Jr. Mrs. Carl R. Woodward Mrs. Floyd E. Chidester Miss Elisabeth R. Bevier FRIDAY, OCTOBER THIRTEENTH 81 Miss Elizabeth Buckley Miss Helen Janeway Miss Margaret Connors Miss Katherine Janeway Miss Sydney S. Cook Miss Dorothy McCurdy Miss Catherine L. Davidson Miss Marian McKinney Miss Mary Dennis Miss Frances Runyon Miss Mary Gillespie Miss Catherine H. Schneeweiss Miss Mabel Hoitt Miss Elizabeth Scudder Miss Caroline Tnghara Miss Margaret Shield THE COLONIAL COLLEGES W. Leland Childs Harold Hawkins Norman F. Dahl W. Copley Herbert Searle B. Dougherty M. Harold Higgins Arthur D. Drake August W. Hock Anson M. DuBois Morris B. Jackson Harold W. Faint Enos F. Jones Arthur L. Fink George A. Kuyper C. Russell Gildersleeve John R. Riker, Jr. Churchill Franklin Franklin S. Thompson Roy E. Anderson Anton F. Ward COLOR GUARD Frank S. Beckwith Rudolph Elmer Floyd E. Mehrhof In contrast to the prolog, in which the figures of the Seven Liberal Arts and Philosophy are symbolical of the learning of the Middle Ages, the epilog symbolizes the broader learning of today. As exponents of this learn- ing, and in deference to the occasion, the ten Colonial colleges of America are chosen. Founded even before the Eepublic itself, they were the first exponents in this country of that higher education which had its beginnings in the monasteries of the Middle Ages and gradually ex- panded, first in the universities of Europe and then in our own colleges, direct descendants of these universities. Learning may no longer be symbolized by the Trivium and Quadrivium, and so in place of the medieval figures of Philosophy and the Seven Arts, there now appear twenty figures representative of twenty of the leading branches of study taught in our present-day colleges and universities. They are dressed in the colors of the ten Colonial colleges and each has a symbol of the branch of learning which she represents. Thus Theology has a cross and an alpha and omega; Astronomy, the moon and stars; History, a scroll; Chemistry, a retort; Art, 82 RUTGERS CELEBRATION a palette; Agriculture, a plant; and so on through the list. The figures form a tableau of the Arts and Sciences. As they take their places two men are seen advancing, dressed in Colonial costume, carrying the banner of Har- vard, first of the Colonial colleges. As they reach the center of the stage one verse of "Fair Harvard" is sung. They are followed in turn by similar figures for the other nine institutions in the order of their founding. 1. FAIR HARVARD Fair Harvard, thy sons to thy jubilee throng, And with blessings surrender thee o'er. By these festival rites, from the age that is past, To the age that is waiting before. O relic and type of our ancestors' worth That has long kept their memory warm, First flow'r of their wilderness! star of their night, Calm rising thro' change and thro' storm! 2. ALMA MATER WILLIAM AND MARY Hark, the students' voices swelling Strong and true and clear, Alma Mater's loves are telling, Ringing far and near. William and Mary, loved of old, Hark upon the gale: Hear the thunders of our chorus, Alma Mater, Hail. 3. DEAR OLD YALE Bright college years, with pleasure rife, The shortest, gladdest years of life; How swiftly are ye gliding by! Oh, why doth time so quickly fly? The seasons come, the seasons go, The earth is green, or white with snow, But time and change shall naught avail To break the friendships formed at Yale. 4 HAIL PENNSYLVANIA Hail ! Pennsylvania ! Noble and strong; To thee with loyal hearts, We raise our song. Swelling to Heaven loud, Our praises ring; Hail, Pennsylvania, Of thee we sing! FRIDAY, OCTOBER THIRTEENTH 83 5. OLD NASSAU PRINCETON Tune every heart and every voice Bid every care withdraw, Let all with one accord rejoice, In praise of old Nassau. Chorus: In praise of old Nassau, my boys, Hurrah ! Hurrah ! Hurrah ! Her sons will give, while they shall live, Three cheers for old Nassau! 6. SANS SOUCI COLUMBIA One last toast ere we part! Written on ev'ry heart, This motto stay, "Long may Columbia stand Honored throughout the land, Our Alma Mater grand, Now and for aye ! ' ' 7. ALMA MATER BROWN Alma Mater, we hail thee with loyal devotion, And bring to thine altar our off 'ring of praise. Our hearts swell within us with joyful emotion, As the name of Old Brown in loud chorus we raise. The happiest moments of youth's fleeting hours, We've passed 'neath the shade of these time-honor 'd walls; And sorrows as transient as April's brief showers Have clouded our life in Brunonia's halls. 8. ON THE BANKS OF THE OLD RARITAN RUTGERS My father sent me to old Rutgers And resolved that I should be a man, And so I settled down In that noisy college town On the banks of the old Raritan. Chorus: On the banks of the old Raritan, my boys, Where old Rutgers evermore shall stand. For has she not stood Since the time of the flood, On the banks of the Old Raritan? 84 RUTGERS CELEBRATION 9. THE DARTMOUTH SONG Come fellows, let us raise a song, And sing it loud and clear; Our Alma Mater is our theme, Old Dartmouth, loved and dear. Dartmouth ! Dartmouth ! Challenge thus we fling I Dartmouth ! Dartmouth ! Hear the echoes ring! Thy honor shall be ever dear, Old Dartmouth green without a peer, As long as we can give a cheer, For Dartmouth! Wah-hoe-wah! 10. HAMPDEN-SIDNEY SONG Here's to old Hampden-Sidney, the garnet and the gray, And the team of tried heroes who defend her name today, And to old Alma Mater, we'll e'er be true to thee, For we'll spread with song and story, the fame of H. S. C. When the group is completed a color guard with the Stars and Stripes forms the center of the tableau and the pageant closes with the singing of the "Star Spangled Banner," the audience joining in the singing. THE STAR SPANGLED BANNER Oh, say can you see, by the dawn's early light, What so proudly we hailed at the twilight's last gleaming, Whose broad stripes and bright stars, thro' the perilous fight, O'er the ramparts we watch 'd were so gallantly streaming? And the rockets' red glare, the bombs bursting in air, Gave proof thro' the night that our flag was still there. Oh! say does that star spangled banner yet wave O'er the land of the free, and the home of the brave? On the shore dimly seen thro' the mists of the deep, Where the foe's haughty host in dread silence reposes, What is that which the breeze, o'er the towering steep, As it fitfully blows, half conceals, half discloses t Now it catches the gleam of the morning's first beam, In full glory reflected now shines on the stream: 'Tis the star spangled banner; oh, long may it wave O'er the land of the free and the home of the brave. 00 I-i of H P o> H K O H 02 M 3 H w EH FEIDAY, OCTOBER THIRTEENTH 85 And where is that band who so vauntingly swore That the havoc of war and the battle's confusion A home and a country should leave us no more? Their blood has washed out their foul footsteps' pollution. No refuge could save the hireling and slave From the terror of flight or the gloom of the grave; And the star spangled banner in triumph doth wave O'er the land of the free and the home of the brave. Oh, thus be it ever when freemen shall stand Between their loved home and wild war's desolation; Blest with vict'ry and peace, may the heav 'n-rescued land Praise the Pow'r that hath made and preserved us a nation! Then conquer we must when our cause is so just, And this be our motto : "In God is our trust ! ' ' And the star spangled banner in triumph shall wave O'er the land of the free and the home of the brave. RECEPTION BY MR. JAMES NEILSON "Woodlawn," 4:00 to 6:00 P. M. Immediately following the Pageant Mr. James Neilson, a Trustee of the College and member of the class of 1866, tendered a reception in honor of the delegates, guests, Trustees, Faculty, and alumni at his residence, "Wood- lawn," adjacent to the College Farm. It was largely attended and very enjoyable. Many members of the Pageant cast attended in the quaint costumes of earlier days, adding a touch of variety and picturesqueness. The heavy rain which had begun to fall interfered somewhat with the attendance and with the convenience of guests in arriving and departing. 86 THE ANNIVERSARY DINNER The Ballantine Gymnasium, 7 :30 P. M. The Celebration Dinner in honor of delegates and guests was given in the Gymnasium, the Trustees and Faculty serving as hosts. At the head table with Presi- dent Demarest, who presided, were Ambassador W. L. F. C. van Rappard, President W. H. P. Faunce of Brown University, President John Grier Hibben of Princeton University, Dr. John H. Finley, Commissioner of Educa- tion of the State of New York, President Frank J. Good- now of the Johns Hopkins University, Dr. Merrill Ed- wards Gates, sometime President of Rutgers College, and Mr. Leonor F. Loree, of the class of 1877, President of the Delaware and Hudson Company. During the dinner there was music. After the dinner the speaking was as follows : President DEMAEEST: I wish first to say just a word of very cordial welcome to our guests, the delegates from the colleges and universities. Tomorrow morning I may be permitted, perhaps, to speak at somewhat greater length. I would like to read certain letters I have received but I shall not stop for that. President Woodrow Wilson has written expressing his extreme regret that he is un- able to be here. He had hoped to come. The stress of circumstance at the last moment compels his absence. He sends his heartiest congratulations to Rutgers. The Ambassador from Great Britain, Sir Cecil Spring- Rice, and Dr. Henry van Dyke, Minister of the United States to the Netherlands, have also written, expressing their regrets and sending their very cordial congratula- tions to this College. The first speaker of the evening represents the uni- versity closest to us, a university with which we have had close connection through the many years. Princeton University, then the College of New Jersey, sent, as I said this morning, to Queen's College its first tutor, Frederick Frelinghuysen, and its second tutor, his class- mate, John Taylor. There was proposal to unite the FRIDAY, OCTOBER THIRTEENTH 87 two institutions at one time. Cordial relation continues between them and warm personal sympathy between those who preside over their life. I have very great pleasure in introducing the President of Princeton University, Dr. John Grier Hibben. SPEECH JOHN GRIER HEBBEN, Ph.D., LL.D. President of Princeton University PRESIDENT DEMAREST, LADIES AND GENTLEMEN, AND MEN OF RUTGERS: I bring to you not only for myself personally, but for the College of New Jersey of the dis- tant past and for Princeton University of the present, my very sincere and happy felicitations upon this occa- sion the more so because of the intimate relations be- tween the two institutions to which you have so kindly referred. It has been one of the most delightful experiences of my administration that I have had the cordial and very happy friendship of Dr. Dem- arest. We feel that we are bound together, Dr. Demarest, not only by the personal ties of the pres- ent, which are very delightful to me, but also by those ties that go back to the beginning. For as we follow, in our imagination, lines back to that past, the origin of Rutgers, which we today celebrate, and the origin of the old College of New Jersey, the past is not that of two institutions, but it is one past. We have had the same kind of academic ancestors. The men who founded Rut- gers and the men who founded the College of New Jersey were men of the same type of religious convictions. They possessed the same theory of conduct, the same theory of government. Their hearts beat with the same kind of patriotism. And so we feel that our origin has been the same, and as we are here tonight to celebrate these early beginnings, it seems to me that for a few moments I can very fittingly speak of the spirit of the past. We cannot regard it in the way of a personal memory. 88 RUTGERS CELEBRATION Those men are too far away from us. We have heard of them, we have read of them, and ours is a tradition which we highly prize. The men themselves are strangers to us. They belong to that great choir invisible of the departed dead. But it is not only a tradition, ladies and gentlemen, which we prize. It is more than that for some of us, or for most of us, I dare say. We have today in our blood the inheritance of these ancestors of ours. We are descendants from them and I am disposed to think that the very best that is in us the striving after the high and the noble and the good that we feel in our lives ; any attainment that we may have made or that we may be able to make in it all, in the very best that is in us, our ancestors are speaking in and through us, are striving in and through us, and in that best of us there is the re- incarnation of their spirit. How amazed they would be if we could summon them to- night from their tombs and point to the electric light and tell them its story ; if we could take them, in the light of the day, to this great station that you have in your neigh- borhood that sends out its wireless messages across this great continent. And could we not tell them the story of the aeroplane, and the submarine, and of all the great progress that the world has made in these one hundred and fifty years! And with what shame, also, we would have to tell them of the great European War; of the engines of destruction tearing down what they and their kinsmen on the other side of the Atlantic have been building up for centuries in faith and in hope. And out of their amazement they would perhaps turn to us, their sons, and they would ask of us at this time the very searching question: "But what of the moral and the spiritual progress of this country? Are you as proud of that as you are of all of these material achievements!" And how would we be able to answer that question! The answer we would have to give is that we are not thor- oughly satisfied, to say the least, with our advancement in this regard. We say to our ancestors tonight: "We crave for the present and for the future a double portion PAGEANT, PROLOG: KNIGHTS AND MONKS PAGEANT, EPISODE V: THE BALL AT BUCCLEUCH FRIDAY, OCTOBER THIRTEENTH 89 of your spirit. We would not go forth into this unknown future of ours in our country and the unknown future of the world without stopping at least at this time to secure some benediction from the past." There is a man who is very much in the eye of the American public today, one of the greatest manufac- turers of our country, who said not long ago and it was quoted in all of our newspapers that he was not inter- ested in the past, that the past had no meaning for him, that the man of affairs must live today wholly in the present and with an eye toward the future. Ladies and gentlemen, I wish to state and in stating this I believe I express the feeling of every one here that we at least dare not forget the past and the lessons of the past. I believe in every progressive movement in this country, and I believe that we cannot make too great progress in certain directions. Let us make all the progress that we can, not merely the progress that our self interest would urge, but that our intelligence also can justify. But, as we go forward into the future of the great progressive movements of the day, I beg of you that we take some- thing of the past with us. The absolute condition of any progress of which we may be proud is that in rushing forward along the line of that progress we should seek to conserve the essential values of the past. And what is more valuable in this inheritance than that which comes to us from these founders of colleges? What is most distinctive about their lives, which we may well emulate? I could touch upon many things would time but permit it. But I have only one idea I would like to present to you concerning these men and what they may teach us tonight. It is this: That these founders of colleges had with the idea of the School, so planted with it that they could not distinguish the two, the idea also of the Church; and with the idea of the School and the Church was a third, also indistinguishable in their thought and in their feeling, that of the State. The men who founded Rutgers College in the old Colony of New Jersey were the public spirited men of their day. 90 KUTGERS CELEBRATION They were not only interested in education, but they were pioneers also in the cause of God and His Christ. And when the call came at the time of our Revolution, we find that they were patriots, willing to lay down their lives for the sake of their country. And having made America free they gave their best thought to the fundamental con- stitution which should govern us throughout all the years to come. In these ideas of the school and of the church and of the state there was one underlying element that they all had in common, and I would characterize that as the "group" idea. These men were not particularly inter- ested in themselves ; there was no individualism in their theory of life; it was the service of the group. If that group happened to be at the time the school, the college, they gave their hearts and thoughts to it; the other group, of the church, they identified their lives with it; and the larger group of the state, their nation, they were willing to lay down their lives for it. Today I think in our education we are perhaps neglecting this idea, not only in the schools and colleges, but back to the first school, that of the home. We are unconsciously holding out before our young men and our young women the idea of an individual career in life as the aim of all living. Now I say no ! God forbid that the young man should go out from Eutgers or Princeton or any of our institu- tions with the idea that he should look out for himself from the commencement day to the end of his life and cut clear from the beginning his path of success, his petty career! What about the group to which he belongs, which he should serve? He may say: "I have no group to which I belong. I have no responsibilities to any group of men." If that is his answer I say : " God help him in this age, when we are all living and feeling together; where our destiny is one, high and low, rich and poor. ' ' In this land no man can live for himself and no man can die for himself. Our fathers had this idea. It was the main impulse of their lives. They could not express it in words ; I can not express it in words. Words are FRIDAY, OCTOBER THIRTEENTH 91 too feeble. But they had two great symbols to which they referred from time to time in their lives, and they were the last symbols before their eyes when those eyes closed in death: the symbol of the Flag and the symbol of the Cross. And they are not two symbols, after all, but they are one. The symbol of the cross certainly is that of vicarious sacrifice, and I would like to insist also that the symbol of the flag is that of vicarious sacrifice. Looking at our flag superficially, our first thought per- haps is we glory in it because it is our protection. That is only part of the story, ladies and gentlemen. That flag does not merely protect us, but we citizens of this country are to protect that flag and all that it stands for ; and with that spirit we must look upon it as a sym- bol of sacrifice, just as the cross is the symbol of sacri- fice, for the citizen of our country. And the young man who leaves the college must be taught that this is the first and the central and the last lesson of his education : The symbol of the flag is that of sacrifice. What is patriotism? Love of country, yes. Love of country that shows itself in consciousness of obligation and a readi- ness for sacrifice, not only in times of war, but also in times of peace. And finally, Mr. President, my best wish for you in your administration, and for the welfare of Rutgers is that you may so discharge the trust that is committed to you that in the coming generation the children yet unborn may rise up and call you blessed, as you today gratefully celebrate the inheritance which you have in the founders of this institution of a past generation. President DEMABEST: The relation of Rutgers to col- leges and universities in the State of New York has been varied and constant through the years, and especially has there been interesting personal bond with what we call the University of the State of New York, at Albany. A very early graduate of Queen's College, Simeon De- Witt, became Chancellor of the University of the State of New York, and in more recent years David Murray, 92 RUTGERS CELEBRATION so long a professor here, became Secretary of the Board of Regents of the University, to return still later to Rutgers as a trustee. Dr. Finley now represents the Regents, as Commis- sioner of Education of the State of New York. We have been acquainted with him, not simply in that office, but as, prior to that, in the Faculty of Princeton University. He was also connected earlier than that with one of the so-called small colleges, with which this college, of course, has an especial fellowship. I have great pleasure in introducing to you Dr. John Huston Finley. SPEECH JOHN HUSTON FINLEY, LL.D., L.H.D. President of the University of the State of New York ME. PRESIDENT, AND MB. GOVERNOR, AND I SALUTE ALSO THE COMMISSIONER OF EDUCATION, DR. KENDALL, IN WHOSE EDUCATIONAL TERRITORY I AM LADIES AND GENTLEMEN, AND MEN OF RUTGERS : I was informed on reaching this place tonight that it is a mere fortuity that Rutgers College is not located in Albany. That it is here is due to the high- mindedness of an Albany man whose name has been men- tioned gratefully here tonight. "We may well applaud his disinterested highmindedness. On the other hand, it would have greatly contributed to my convenience if Rutgers College had been located in Albany, for I had to come all the way down from Albany this afternoon and I have to go all the way back to Albany tonight. And I am sure that Mr. Loree is sorry with me that Rutgers College is not located in Albany. We have there an institution referred to as the University of the State of New York, a mystical sort of an institution which has no professors and no students. If Rutgers College, with its professors and students, were there, it would have been more profitable for the D. & H. Railroad. Still, I am very glad, after all, that Rutgers College was not established in Albany, because President Dema- PAGEANT, EPISODE V: THE BALL AT BUCCLEUCH FEIDAY, OCTOBER THIRTEENTH 93 rest would be President of Rutgers College, which would be, I suppose, the University of the State of New York, and I do not know where I should have been perhaps still a professor at Princeton. These are trivial reasons I must admit. I add a more cogent one. President Hibben (" Grandpapa Hibben") has just been talking about our ancestors and about chil- dren still unborn. He has referred to these lights and to some power house, I think outside. Well, if Rutgers College had been located in Albany, then probably the Albany Academy would not have been established. And probably a certain boy, who was the son of a day laborer there, would not have entered that school and he would not have become the man who made all these lights pos- sible. I found in the church records the other day the entry: " Joseph Henry, the son of a day laborer, Samuel Henry, and Ann Alexander, baptized. ' ' He was the man who made the discovery there in a little room in the Academy in Albany which made it possible for us to sit here in this beautiful place tonight, lighted by electric light. So, perhaps, it was just as well that Rutgers Col- lege was established in New Brunswick. I am familiar with the environment of this beautiful College. In days long past, I used to walk occasionally from New York to Princeton, and from Princeton to New York. One night after I passed this cloistral and ghostly campus about midnight, as I was going into the deeper darkness toward Princeton, I came to a road leading off from the turnpike, and I was not certain whether it led toward Princeton or not. In the darkness I saw the deeper shadow of a sign-post, and though I used up all the matches I had save one, I could make nothing out of its legend except the numerals of competing classes. Finally I decided to resort to my last match and to light with it some scraps of paper I had in my pocket. (They were the papers on which I had written the thoughts I expected to use some time later, on an occasion like this. ) I rolled them into a little lamp-lighter, and just as I was 04 RUTGERS CELEBRATION about to apply the match (like Abraham of old), I heard wheels of a carriage coming from New Brunswick and I was able to ask my way. Well, ladies and gentlemen, and Mr. President, I find myself tonight in much the same condition. I have nothing but a few scraps of paper here before me to save me from utter darkness. I do not know whether I shall be able to find my way out. What I had written on these scraps of paper has to do with old age, for I thought this anniversary occasion would be a fitting time to speak of old age. In the Book that is not as much read as it should be in these times, I was reading the other day a chapter which is usually omitted by those who read even the other parts of the book. It was a chapter in Genesis, a genea- logical chapter, which may be called, I think, * ' The Mosaic De Senectute." It is not as extensive as Cicero's essay on old age, and it is not as difficult. There are only two verbs used in the major part of that chapter " lived" and "begat." It begins, or at any rate, it runs thus: "And Methuselah lived an hundred and eighty and seven years and begat Lamech ; and Methuselah lived after he begat Lamech seven hundred and eighty and two years. ' ' And later we learn that "Terah lived seventy years and begat Abram, ' ' and then he died in the prime of his man- hood, or I should better say his young manhood, at the age of two hundred and five. Aiid Terah's early mor- tality was the prophecy of the shortening span of human life, which lives and begets, and is generally forgot be- fore the years of Methuselah's age when he begat Lamech. I, of course, cite these statistics from Genesis as authoritative. I cannot pause to ask why it was that the men of those times lived to such great age. I use these statistics simply as a preamble to explain the reso- lution of modern man somehow to make it possible to live, in the midst of civilization, as long as his ancestors in the nomadic state. FRIDAY, OCTOBER THIRTEENTH 95 What does modern man do? He becomes a creator himself. He gathers the aureate dust or the argent clay and makes a corporation, into whose nostrils he breathes the breath of his own life; or he takes the " lengthened shadow of a man," as Emerson said, founds an institu- tion, and bequeathes his purpose to it, a corporation which no ferric hydroxide can corrode, an institution which no bacteria known to the bacteriologist can de- stroy. Plato, in Cicero's discussion of old age, gives four reasons why old age is thought to be miserable : the first is, as I recall, that man in old age is called away from active duties. In the second place, his body becomes more feeble. In the third place, he is deprived of most of the pleasures of life, and, in the last place, he is not far from death. But if Plato were to be asked about the old age of corporations or institutions such as this, he would not have to use his eloquent arguments in be- half of old age. A corporation never relinquishes an interest once it has put its hands upon it; secondly, a corporation or an institution, once it has passed the period when it may be subject to poliomyelitis, is likely to grow stronger. Thirdly, pleasures (dividends) multi- ply with the flight of time. And, again, and fourthly, paradoxical as it may seem, the older a corporation or institution becomes, the farther off its death is. For the continued life by even one year of a healthy institution gives promise of a greater life and a longer life yet. Is it not sol By every consideration then, we come to the conclusion of Cato, that old age at any rate institutional old age- is enjoyable, or as Cicero said, is not only not irksome, but to be desired. The University of Chicago we are inclined to com- miserate on its youth; and we should be sorry for the Carnegie Foundation if its concern for the old age of teachers did not somehow mitigate its infancy. And yet, Mr. President, we must recognize the infirm- 96 RUTGERS CELEBRATION ities of institutions despite all that has been said about the delights of old age. We must be reminded of the fact that there are institutional bacteria as well as physical, and I have found some of these in my labora- tory. There is, for example, the "bacillus numericus," the bacillus which attacks an institution and makes it think that numbers mean progress. There is another which causes fatty degeneration of the heart, or in some cases institutional elephantiasis. Then there is the mi- crobe which causes us to revert to the past years, and always to oppose any change. The condition that results from that is sclerosis of the open mind. But I am not here to make a catalog of collegiate ills ; I am here simply to bring you greetings of the State of New York. I am not here as a diagnostician, and I would far rather talk about friendship than old age. I am here representing the State that was once the province of New York. (We are still thought to be provincial.) But that province and the province of New Jersey, which is also provincial still I suppose, in its way, were the Regents at the birth of this institution, this institution that was born of a Queen, that is herself a Queen. In these demo- cratic days we do not dare to say in the language of old, ' ' Oh Queen ! Live forever ! ' ' But we do dare to prophesy that Rutgers will live forever! President DEMAEEST : The college founded just before Queen's College, among the Colonial institutions of our country, was Brown University. It has been said that New Brunswick always has some connection with everything of note that happens any- where. I was very much interested to find, the other day, in glancing through the history of Brown University, published since the celebration of its one hundred and fiftieth anniversary two years ago, that James Manning, who was so largely instrumental in the founding of that institution, was born very close to the City of New Bruns- wick in the little community that we call Piscataway. I PAGEANT, EPISODE VI; THE FLAG KAISING, 1861 FRIDAY, OCTOBER THIRTEENTH 97 was greatly gratified to know that our City was thus so close to that work of foundation upon which has been built so great a structure as the present Brown Uni- versity. Dr. Hibben spoke of our friendly relations. My friend- ship with Dr. Hibben has been a very happy thing during these recent years, and, from the time of my entering on the office of President of Rutgers College, I have some- how or other had a peculiar feeling of friendship also with the President of Brown University. I have pleasure in introducing him tonight Dr. William H. P. Faunce. SPEECH WILLIAM H. P. FAUNCE, D.D., LL.D. President of Brown University I am very happy to bring greetings from another Colonial college which, two years ago, celebrated its one hundred and fiftieth anniversary, and heartily hope that you may find in your festival all that we found in ours. We listened this morning to one of the most compact, comprehensive and interesting historical addresses ever delivered on any academic occasion. And, listening, I was convinced that no other college in America has quite so picturesque a one hundred and fifty years as has Rut- gers College. The tragedy, or comedy, of these interacademic festi- vals is that there are so many dignitaries present that none of us amounts to very much. At home we are ac- customed to being large men in small places, and when we get here some of us find we are small men in a large place. When rainbow colored hoods are seen by the score, when dignitaries foregather under every green tree, when notabilities crowd the curbstone, somehow the individual withers, and our home dignities are lost in the melting pot of fame. On one of these occasions some time ago the presiding officer, being my friend, or professing to be, introduced 98 RUTGERS CELEBRATION me in a somewhat nebulous and dubious manner when he said: "I now have the pleasure of presenting to you the well known Dr. Brown of Roger Williams Uni- versity ! ' ' I want to say at this place that we found two years ago at Brown University that we were entering into a very unexpected experience. We discovered what we had known before but had failed to realize: that a festival of this kind looks forward quite as much as backward; that by understanding our past we come to understand our present task as never before ; that by going back to the founders all the horizon of the present is clarified and all the pathway of the future illuminated with fresh light. I am sure that will be the experience of Rutgers through this, its great festival. Here at Rutgers you have a fine and rare combination of the privately endowed institution with the state sup- ported enterprise. We have been taught in America for many years that privately endowed institutions are in one class and the state supported in quite a different and wholly unrelated class. We have been told that in the privately endowed institutions we have the warm, rich loyalty, the fine old tradition and the spirit of sacrifice for the common good. There every building is the gift of some individual; every bust or portrait speaks with eloquent voice of the spirit of sacrifice for the common good. And the power of personality suffuses and pene- trates the entire institution. On the other hand, we have been told that the state university as an institution is really a group of voca- tional schools penetrated by a commercial and material- istic aim, where efficiency is at the front, and where bread and butter by all means are to be secured. But right before our eyes that contrast is disappearing today, and Rutgers has furnished and is furnishing suggestions to our institutions all over the land. That contrast, I say, is disappearing. Has any privately endowed institution in this country received a greater private gift than came FRIDAY, OCTOBER THIRTEENTH 99 a few years ago to the University of Wisconsin? Has any privately endowed institution in this country re- ceived from private means more spacious buildings than some which have come to the University of California? From the very beginning was not the University of Vir- ginia filled with personal loyalties, with noble and fine traditions, with allegiance to the individuals who sacri- ficed greatly that it might exist? On the other hand the State of New Hampshire has been contributing for many years to Dartmouth College. The State of Rhode Island has, in recent years, made an annual grant to Brown University for graduate study for training the teachers for the high schools. Thus our state universities are coming to acquire those personal qualities which have meant so much in the upbuilding of the older institutions, and we who represent the older ones are coming to de- pend on public sympathy and that necessarily, in the end, means public means as we did not in the beginning. So I say that the story that has been told us today is significant to the life, not only of Rutgers, but of our country at large. The older and privately endowed colleges have been marked by great simplicity and directness of aim. They aimed at the making of men. They aimed at the founda- tions of personality, and how well they achieved their purpose the whole history of America shows. President Wheeler of the University of California was telling me some time ago that he went, in his youth, to a private school among the hills of New England. I said : "That is a very excellent school, but why did you go there? Did you have any special relations with it?" "No," he said; "but my father sent for the catalogs of all the schools in New England, and then he selected that one because it was described as being 'twelve hundred and fifty feet above the sea and seven miles from any form of sin.' " Well, that describes exactly the location of many of our old schools and colleges ; though, alas, not all of them. 100 RUTGERS CELEBRATION We all claim distance from sin. But the older schools achieved a growth of personality which has penetrated all the institutions of this country, and they cast light upon a saying of Goethe which I have quoted many times to the teachers of my own faculty. Goethe said, as you know, "We exist for the sake of that which may be done in us ; not for the sake of that which may be done through us." There you have the dividing line in the two types of educators struggling for the mastery in this country today ; those who believe personality should be foremost, and those who believe that we exist for results outside the person. At least there is this possible reconciliation : nothing worth while ever will be done through the young people of this country unless first something is done in the young people of this country. What is it that makes a great teacher? What was it that produced teachers who could thus shape personality and careers and lend inspiring power? It was not the laboratories, because the little colleges had almost none. It was not the libraries. Yale began with forty books, and began greatly. It was not the buildings. They were shabby and dilapidated in many cases. It was not the campus. What is it that made the great teachers in this country? It can be summed up in the one word "per- sonality. ' ' The students know that something is happen- ing in the teacher 's mind, that he is now conquering new intellectual territory. When a class know that some- thing vital and important is happening in the teacher's mind they hang on his lips, throng his classroom, and give him the homage of the immature mind to the rich and great mind. And there is no substitute for that. While buildings may grow and campus may extend and equipment increase, it will still always be that vital thing that will make the great teacher, the personality behind the desk that kindles young minds into flame. And then the fire spreads. It burns up laziness and apathy and runs through a college as fire through dry forests. These old Colonial colleges taught the creators of 3 P H << QQ FRIDAY, OCTOBEE THIRTEENTH 101 America how to think. Twenty-five years ago, even ten or fifteen years ago, we all disparaged the doctrine of mental discipline. We said it had gone by the board, that there is no such thing as general mental power but only unrelated powers. But today that old doctrine is being rehabilitated by some of our best psychologists. It will never come back in its old form, in that old pure abstraction, which was first presented ; but we are coming to believe that there is a possibility of so developing the personality that it can grapple with more than one task in life and fill more than one sphere. I received some years ago a letter from the head of one of the largest industrial enterprises in this country. And, if I mistake not, some of the other college execu- tives here tonight received one also. He said : "We want to get a man to take charge of our two thousand em- ployees. We want him to engage and dismiss them and train them for their work." He sent me a chart of the qualities required; and I wish I had that 1 chart here to- night. It came from a man whose whole life has been spent in the industrial world. "The man we want," he said, "first of all must be a good analyzer. Secondly, he must be able to observe the limitations of men. Third, he must be able to discern the possibilities of men. Fourth, he must be able to perceive by what course of training these men may be made to realize their possi- bilities and so be promoted." I sent the names of two or three men, but my suggestions did not seem to take effect. The man he chose had those qualities. He was last week inaugurated as President of Dartmouth Col- lege. If a man could accurately read men's limitations and possibilities and lead men out of limitations to possi- bilities he could have almost any job that the world could offer. When I spent a few days in Singapore, out under the equator, a few years ago, I met there an agent of the Standard Oil Company, and we talked about the young men they were putting into the various positions through- 102 RUTGERS CELEBRATION out the Orient. He said: "A few years ago we used to train our men in America, and after testing them at the home offices we brought them here. We have dropped that now. For the very training in America sometimes spoiled them for this region. The very things that will fit one for the position in the home office in America may unfit him for the position here in the Orient. Now we are taking young men without any business experience whatever, we are taking them from the commencement platform in the American college, and we plunge them into the Oriental business. To succeed out here we feel that the man should have a broad view; he should have a trained mind ; he should have the ability to concentrate ; he should have the ability to adapt himself to all climates and all kinds of people ; and we find we can do best today by getting the graduates of our American colleges, who may know nothing about business but who are ready for life." The business leaders are looking today to the American college more than ever before in the history of our country for the material with which to build their organizations. Now, on the other side, just a moment. These state educational enterprises in this land are giving to our older institutions a new and deep conception of their public duty and of the possibility of public service. I have not used the phrase "private institutions" tonight, for there is no private institution in the country. No one has any business to say his college is a private institu- tion. It may be privately endowed but it is publicly re- sponsible. What is a good man? What makes a good citizen today? You may judge of an era by its definition of goodness. In the Middle Ages the good man was typified as standing on his pillar amid the scorching heats of summer, drawing up by a cord the food the people brought him as they stood at the base of the pillar ador- ing the good man. No one of us accepts that conception of a good man today. We know what the good man was FBIDAY, OCTOBEE THIRTEENTH 103 according to John Bunyan. To John Bunyan the good man was the escaping man, the man in flight. There is truth in that allegory, but by no means the whole truth, and anyone who accepts that as a complete picture of the truth is totally out of sympathy with the needs of the twentieth century. What is a good telephone? A good telephone is not only made of the right material or of correct pattern, but it is primarily one that is in touch with all other telephones on the line; one in communication with the central telephone exchange and so in touch with all of the other telephones in the homes and offices of the city. To be good is to be in right relation with our fellow men, and the very essence of goodness is in that Tightness of relation. "When ye pray," says the New Testament, "when ye pray, say Our." Not only when we pray but when we toil, when we plan, when we study, when we educate, we must say, ' ' Our. ' ' The lost boy in the great city of New York is our boy and we are responsible for his being lost. That lost girl is our girl, and her fall is a part of the fall of the social order that tolerates and produces her. That case of infantile paralysis in the tenement is our paraly- sis, and if we ignore it the disease will come creeping down the street and into the room where our little ones lie in the cradle. Not only when we pray, but when we build cities, when we build our colleges, when we come out on nights like this into the greater sphere of greater American education, we are learning to say ' ' our. ' ' Then we go back to our task heartened and inspired, each one of us facing his own private difficulty, each one to bear his own personal burden, each one to fight his own pri- vate battle, with new courage and hope because of this feeling that all his colleagues with him are saying, "This is our task, our battle, our country that we are trying through these colleges to serve." That, after all, is the great benefit of this academic festival. It is more than parading in bright colors; it is more than listening to 104 RUTGERS CELEBRATION after dinner speeches. It is the assurance that each one of us acquires that his life is a contribution to the life total, that his problems are not individual problems but part of the nation's task. And so we go back to our task when the festival is over with a new zest; the drudgery is illuminated and the burden is lightened, and our petty problem becomes a problem for the whole country to solve. If our colleges, founded before the Revolution, can re- tain that power to develop well nurtured, well developed personality; and if, in addition, they can acquire that corporate consciousness, that sense of social responsi- bility, that silent partnership with the state which has come to some of them, they will not be found wanting in the crises of the nation's life. A friend of mine years ago was watching the building of the Houses of Parliament in Ottawa, since half ruined by the great fire. He spoke to three stone cutters. To the first one he said : "What are you working for! " And the man said, "If you want to know, I am working for two dollars and a half a day." That was all he could see; he had no thought beyond it. Then he said to the second: "What are you doing here?" And, pointing to the blueprint, the second replied, ' ' I am trying to cut this stone so it will look like this blueprint." There was a man who had some little understanding of his task as related to the tasks of other men. Then he said to the third stone cutter: "What are you doing here today!" And, pointing up to the rising walls and parapets and pinnacles of the great home of legislation for that part of the British Empire, he said: "I am trying to do my part in making that." There was a man whose daily drudgery was redeemed by his vision, who realized the relation of the work of his hands to the building of the world. May this festival bring this consciousness to Rutgers College ; and not to Rutgers alone, but to all of us who today have enjoyed its abundant and gracious hospitality. FEIDAY, OCTOBEE THIRTEENTH 105 President DEMABEST: We have been greatly honored in having with us the Minister from the Netherlands. He spoke to us this morning, reading what he had to say. We enjoyed it, but I think he himself more enjoys speak- ing freely, and he will say a few words to us again to- night. SPEECH CHEVALIER W. L. F. C. VAN RAPPARD Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary from the Netherlands MR. PRESIDENT, LADIES AND GENTLEMEN: It is very kind of you that after having had to listen to me this morning you still invite me to speak a few words this evening also. This morning I spoke especially as representative of my country, as Minister from the Netherlands. Perhaps you will allow me this evening to speak more personally and tell you why I am so happy that you kindly give me again the occasion to address you. A diplomat, when he comes to a new country, always tries to get as much in- formation about the country to which he is sent as pos- sible. So when three years ago I was appointed Minister to Washington, I went everywhere in Europe to get my information about this country. I heard a great deal that pleased me, but there were also some small things that made me afraid. One of the small things I heard of and I do not think it is a small thing any more was that Americans were great after dinner speakers. Put, so I was told by my informants, the average American man on his feet during or after a banquet and he will keep his audience pleasantly busy between ten minutes and two hours. Probably, they added, you, a foreigner, will not enjoy those American after dinner speeches as much as the other members of the audience, because it is always the custom for after dinner speakers to tell jokes, and probably you often will not understand them. And even today I had the proof of that. I listened with great 106 RUTGERS CELEBRATION attention to what Mr. Finley, the President of the Uni- versity of the State of New York, said just now; and I must admit lots of his jokes I did not understand. For instance why, in the name of heaven, did he call the young looking President of Princeton, "Grandpapa Hibben?" My informants on the other side further said that in those jokes very often colored people were introduced as heroes, and those colored people used quite a peculiar slang, which would be difficult for me to understand, they thought. Finally they told me that the representative of a foreign country was always a much sought after person for after dinner speeches, and that to speak after dinner was in their opinion more the attribute and requirement of a diplomat than to write political reports to his country; because those reports, they ironically hinted, would probably never be read by his Government, whereas his speeches, if the newspaper men were pres- ent, would appear in the newspaper and would be very much read. So figure yourself in my position, not even accustomed to speaking in public in my own language, now obliged to speak in a language not familiar to me, knowing nothing about the colored people, their customs or slang. You bet your life I was scared! I remember my first experience in this line. I had to speak at a banquet in New York a few days after my arrival in the United States before three or four hundred people. I had carefully prepared my speech, thinking that that would do. But immediately I saw that would not do. I quickly felt and realized that I could not com- pete with American citizens in speaking after dinner. After that I changed my tactics. I stopped trying even to be clever and decided when it was my turn to speak simply to get up and let my heart speak. I said quite simply what came into my mind. And then I suddenly remarked that by acting in that way I came in touch with my audience. There seemed to be a sympathy be- tween them and me. I explain this sympathy because, as a rule, I had to speak before audiences who were Nether- FEIDAY, OCTOBER THIRTEENTH 107 lands citizens or American citizens descendants of the old Dutch settlers; we were of the same family. And curiously and happily, now that I am speaking to you, I have that same feeling and I know that we go along to- gether, with the same friendly feelings existing between us as existed between the founders of this college and their motherland. I state with pleasure and satisfaction that you, as their successors, have taken over that Dutch cordiality, joviality, and hospitality that surely those old Dutch settlers had. And if, in 1766 when this college was founded, the united provinces had been able to send over to you a representative of the Netherlands I feel sure that that man should not have found a kinder re- ception at Rutgers College than I have had one hundred and fifty years later the pleasure of meeting at your hands. And therefore when I let my heart speak, it only utters words of gratitude. I thank you for this kind reception, and I thank you, Mr. President and Rutgers College, more particularly for the great honor that you will confer upon me to- morrow morning by giving me the degree of Doctor of Laws. Thirty years ago I began my law studies at the renowned University of Leyden. Now I reach the crown of my law studies by getting the degree of Doctor of Laws at Rutgers College. By honoring me in that way you associate me with two of the foremost educational institu- tions which have given, not only to their countries, but I dare say also to the world, men of great distinction. Mr. President, I listened this morning with the greatest attention to your historical address and I will prove to you that I listened to it. You told us that years and years ago, when there was a question as to where your college should be established, there was one gentleman I do not remember his name just now who said it was better to pick New Brunswick. One of the reasons he gave was because there were such beautiful women in New Brunswick. I have been here twenty-four hours, I have had occasion to see a pageant this afternoon, I have 108 RUTGERS CELEBRATION had the pleasure of being introduced to several ladies of New Brunswick, now I see lots of the fair sex in the galleries above me, and I wish to state that the old gentle- man who two hundred years ago made the choice of the site of the College was quite right. If I had been in his place I should surely also have voted for New Bruns- wick. Therefore, after my words of gratitude to you, I make my bow to the ladies of New Brunswick. President DEMABEST : The speeches of the evening are over. I simply want to add that the delegates are to unite in procession to the Kirkpatrick Chapel tomorrow. They will meet in the Library at half past nine and the exercises will begin at the Chapel at ten. CLASS REUNION DINNERS On Friday evening also the class reunion dinners of the alumni were held. Certain anniversary classes had reunions by themselves. In most instances because of limited rooms available, the classes met in groups. Ar- rangements in general were made by the alumni chair- man and secretaries in New Brunswick, and the classes assembled as shown in the program given in full in the Appendix. Probably six hundred alumni in all attended these dinners. TORCHLIGHT PROCESSION AND SINGING Also on Friday evening the undergraduates formed on the Queen's Campus, paraded in torchlight procession through tiie city, and on their return gave a program of college singing on the campus at the old Queen's Build- ing, where the alumni in large number joined with them. SATURDAY OCTOBER FOURTEENTH RECOGNITION OF DELEGATES AND CONFER- RING OF DEGREES The Kirkpatrick Chapel, 10:00 A. M. The second formal academic session, the reception of delegates and the conferring of honorary degrees, came on Saturday morning. The day was bright and fine, perfect weather following on the unpleasant weather of the afternoon before. The Trustees, candidates for hon- orary degrees, and delegates assembled at the Library at half past nine. The Faculty assembled at the Engi- neering Building. The academic procession moved from the Library, led by the President of the College with Nicholas Murray Butler, Ph.D., LL.D., Jur.D., President of Columbia University ; the Rev. William Bancroft Hill, D.D., Trustee, followed with Alexander Meiklejohn, LL.D., President of Amherst College. The candidates for honorary degrees with Trustees as escorts were next ; Chevalier W. L. F. C. van Rappard, and his escort, the Hon. A. T. Clearwater, LL.D. ; the Hon. Joseph H. Choate and Luther Laflin Kellogg, LL.D. ; Chancellor Robert E. Walker and William E. Florance, Esq.; Mr. Robert E. Speer and the Rev. William I. Chamberlain, D.D. ; Dean Virginia Crocheron Gildersleeve and the Rev. Henry E. Cobb, D.D. ; President Ernest Martin Hopkins and Charles L. Edgar, Esq.; the Rev. David James Burrell and the Rev. Joseph R. Duryee, D.D. ; the Rev. Elisha Brooks Joyce and the Rev. John H. Raven, D.D. ; the Rev. Ame Vennema and the Rev. J. Preston Searle, D.D. ; Professor Chuzaburo Shiba and Mr. Leonor F. Loree; Mr. Peter Cooper Hewitt and Mr. Paul Cook ; Professor John Livingston Rutgers Morgan and Philip M. Brett, Esq.; Mr. Henry Janeway Hardenbergh and Frederick Frelinghuysen, Esq.; Professor Austin Wakeman Scott and Alfred F. Skinner, Esq. in 112 RUTGERS CELEBRATION Entering the Chapel the President of the College, the speakers, the candidates for degrees, and Trustees pro- ceeded to the platform. The delegates and the Faculty occupied the body of the Chapel. The remaining seats were filled by guests and by alumni who entered without procession. The exercises were marked by great sim- plicity and dignity, the speakers and the candidates for degrees were given enthusiastic reception, and the pro- gram was not prolonged by interludes. The full program was as follows: President DEMAEEST: Prayer will be offered by the Reverend William Bancroft Hill, D.D., Professor in Vas- sar College and Trustee of this College. Rev. W. BANCROFT HILL: blessed Father of Light and Power, God of our Fathers, Our Father and Our God: In the multitude of Thy mercies we come before Thee this morning; we lift our hearts unto Thee in thanksgiving for all the glorious past of this College and all those who have labored here. We thank Thee for the strong men who have gone forth from these walls trained for Thy service and the service of their fellow men. We thank Thee for the influences which have reached forth to the very ends of the earth, and for the high purposes and noble achievements of those who have called them- selves sons of Rutgers. We ask that all the memories of the past and all the rich charities which have come down to us may be blessed and sanctified and made of use to us. Our prayer is unto Thee, God, for the future ; that as the past has been rich in achievement the future may be even more so ; that in power and wisdom and strength those who have the charge of this College and its in- terests and those who are trained herein may be able to render to their country, to their fellow men, and to Thee the service that the time and the occasion shall de- mand; that ever and always they shall be a source of power in the world. SATURDAY, OCTOBER FOURTEENTH 113 Consecrate unto us, God, this pleasant hour. May we, in the consciousness of Thy high claim upon each one of us, bow before Thee in humility and loyalty, seek- ing Thy blessing and pledging ourselves to Thy service. We ask it for the sake of Christ, our Saviour. Amen. President DEMABEST : In the joy of hospitality it seems that a word of welcome to the delegates from other in- stitutions is almost needless. We would like to add to the deed, however, the word the word of cordial greet- ing to those who have come to us from institutions far and near, to share with us the joy of this anniversary time. I have particular pleasure in welcoming you within these walls. I like to welcome you as representatives of institutions of learning and institutions of religion, as again and again we remind the young men who gather here daily that religion, the faith of the fathers, is the foundation of all sound wisdom. I am glad to welcome you within these walls on which hang portraits of men who laid the foundations of this institution, who wrought faithfully in their day and generation, and whose works do follow them. They are looking down upon us here Frelinghuysen and Taylor and DeWitt, and the many whose names I shall not rehearse, but which carry to some of us vivid memories of fine character, of high scholarship, of diligent service. I welcome you then, the representatives of institutions in fraternity with Eutgers College ; representatives of old Colonial colleges in the peculiar fellowship of that early time before the Revolution; representatives of colleges founded afterward the old classical colleges, as we used to call them and perhaps call them still, founded in the early years of the last century and during all the decades of that century; representatives of the great universities and privately endowed foundations; repre- sentatives of technical schools, of great state universities or state colleges; representatives of the universities of foreign lands, of learned societies, and of theological 114 RUTGERS CELEBRATION seminaries, as theology was so closely connected with the origin of this College, its early life, and indeed through all the course of its history. I give recognition to the delegates present here, bring- ing by their very presence greeting to this College, by simply reading the names of the institutions. (At this point the President read the list of institu- tions, societies, etc., represented by delegates, as printed in the Appendix.) To each delegate personally here present, representing an institution, I give cordial welcome as I give it to the institution itself. King's College was founded earlier than Queen's Col- lege. It has become Columbia University. I have great pleasure in introducing Nicholas Murray Butler, Presi- dent of Columbia University. ADDEESS NICHOLAS MURRAY BUTLER, Ph.D., LL.D., Litt.D., Jur.D. President of Columbia University MB. PRESIDENT, TRUSTEES, FACULTY, ALUMNI AND STU- DENTS OF EUTGERS COLLEGE, AND FELLOW GUESTS: In the midst of the many evidences of our nation's youth we are doubly glad to make careful mark of all evidences of age. For a generation past, since we celebrated with pomp and circumstance the centenary of the Declaration of Independence, we have sought one opportunity after another to recognize the passing of the milestones in the history of various institutions in our American life. It is fortunate and it is significant that in almost every case the coming to an age of one hundred years or one hundred and fifty years or two hundred years, and in a few rare cases of two hundred and fifty years, has been on the part of an institution devoted to education or to religion. This fact of itself reflects the conditions under which and the causes out of which our civilization in America was established and by which it has been chiefly made. SATURDAY, OCTOBER FOURTEENTH 115 Today I am bringing the particular greetings of a col- lege once called King's to a sister once called Queen's on a century and a half of truly royal accomplishment. The names, the passing of the years, mark the difference in the two epochs of the then and the now. In the inter- val we have passed from one world to a wholly new one. Our thoughts are quite new and would seem strange in- deed to the founders of this old College. Our very vo- cabulary contains a host of familiar words which would have meant nothing to them, for the things and the thoughts which they mark were then undiscovered or un- recognized. But across this great gap of one hundred and fifty short years short in terms of years, but how great in terms of contrast! across this great gap there is something real and vital and continuing which binds us to the beginning of this College and to the thoughts of the past and to the faith out of which this College sprang. I like to think that what binds us to those early days is a common aspiration, an aspiration to know, to enjoy, and to advance the things of the spirit; and that the spirit, like the air we breathe, surrounds us on every side and makes our every act and doing possible and significant. It is this aspiration which raises men and the society of men above a hive of industrious and intelligent bees, or above a hill of intelligent and indus- trious ants. It is that aspiration which founded this Col- lege. It is that aspiration which nourishes it. It is that aspiration which will continue it for decades and for generations and centuries to come. A college is primarily a home of the spirit, for the cultivation of the things of the spirit, and for the passing on of the spiritual tradition of the race from generation to generation. It may have other and passing purposes that are important, but that is its chief and dominating and continuing purpose, before which every other fades into insignificance. There is a notion abroad in the world, a notion which seems to me as unworthy as it is 116 RUTGERS CELEBRATION shallow, that each newborn babe is at liberty to recreate the world for himself ; that his own pleasures and pains and tendencies and instincts are to be given a value and a weight in excess of all the recorded achievement and experience and findings of the race. Surely that is what Mr. Arthur Balfour has described as a depraved view of education. The college, on the other hand, exists to hold before the zealous and eager youth the mirror of race experience, that he may see what manner of being he is ; what forces and tendencies have produced him and the world in which he lives ; what things have been tested and tried in the great laboratory of human experience ; what things have been set aside by the sane and sagacious judgment of the race as untrue, unlawful, and of evil report; what things are acclaimed and loved and ap- plauded as the basis of human thinking and human en- deavor. This College, and every college which feels the blood of the spiritual life coursing through its veins, exists to that end and for that purpose. It is a fine and splendid thing that here on this red soil of middle Jersey there has been for a century and a half a group of earnest scholars carrying forward the spiritual tradition of the race. They have gone each his way, they have gone most of them to their long reward, but their service is marked in the lives of hundreds and thousands of youth who have carried from this hearthstone the in- extinguishable fire of spiritual interest and spiritual am- bition. We are not today celebrating the end of anything. We have come only to what may be called a station, or perhaps as Xenophon would have had it a completed parasang, in the long march of the spiritual tradition. This College will not end with the completion of one hundred and fifty years of accomplishment. It will still gain from contemplation of its past and from this cere- mony new strength and new inspiration for the limitless years that lie ahead and beyond. The lesson of education is a difficult and a dark one to learn. There seems to be 03 o 3 !H GO M o W o * 3 "> O O &. SATURDAY, OCTOBER FOURTEENTH 117 no end to the possibility and the capacity of human enter- prise, of human intelligence, and of human aspiration. We may not measure it, we dare not attempt to measure it, in terms of quantity ; we dare not attempt to describe it in terms of years, or of things that are weighed and counted and measured; for it eludes all these. We can only measure it in terms of human power that power which has sound intelligence, guided by a fine and noble spirit and driven by a strong and earnest character and of human service. That goal is the goal of this College, the goal of every college which gladly comes today to bring its word of congratulation and of greeting; and when our children and grandchildren and great-grand- children come back to these lawns and trees after an- other century and a half may they find the tradition not only unimpaired but strengthened. May they find this noble, constructive work still going on, and may they take note of the fact with what joy and satisfaction and confidence we have brought our greetings this morning to Rutgers College, once called Queen's, on the comple- tion of its first century and a half of a worthy life and service to American citizenship and to American scholar- ship. President DEMAREST: Queen's College, Rutgers Col- lege, always has had a characteristic life in common with what are commonly called the classical colleges, the small colleges, the liberal culture colleges it has that sympathy and that service still enduring within these halls. It gives me great pleasure to introduce the President of Amherst College, Dr. Alexander Meiklejohn. ADDRESS ALEXANDER MEIKLEJOHN, PH.D., LL.D. President of Amherst College MB. PRESIDENT: I bring to you today the greetings and congratulations of the "small old colleges of the East." 118 RUTGERS CELEBRATION May I say at the beginning that I am often resentful of the terms of endearment which are applied to these institutions for which I speak. They are often called the "dear old colleges" very much as we speak of the "dear little old red schoolhouse" or as boys talk of "dear old dad." Underneath the endearment one gets the suggestion of compassion for the doddering and aged. "Oh, yes, he was a good fellow in his day, but of course his day has gone by." Now I am here to protest and, if need be, to demon- strate that these "dear old colleges" are just coming into the first flush of their lusty youth. And the proof is very easy to establish. One might remark that the old colleges are just beginning to be aware of the pres- ence of the "other sex" in the field of education. This would seem to me to place them in age somewhere be- tween fifteen and twenty in the life of a man. And in like manner an examination of their structure and func- tion would point to the same conclusion. If there are three ages of man, the first in which he gathers bulk, builds up tissue and substance ; the second that of corre- lation, of self-conscious seeking for unity and organiza- tion; and the third the period of falling away, alike in tissue and in form ; then surely it is not hard to find for the college its proper place in the series. Are we not still seeking for bulk, for numbers, for buildings, for students, for more? A few evenings ago in my study, a young friend said to me in joyful tones: "He's only three months old and he weighs fifteen pounds." And I caught in him just our own attitude as we watch for the size of the freshman class. Oh, yes, we are still, even the oldest of us, in the time of appropriation, in the flush of early youth. And younger still, there are beside us those huge young things which pile thousands upon thousands of students, millions upon millions of endow- ments. These surely are still in the stage of sprawling infancy. And before them as before us there yet lie the days of manhood, the days in which the college shall SATURDAY, OCTOBER FOURTEENTH 119 become conscious of its own strength, shall search its heart and bring together all its yearnings, its impulses, its motives into one resolute purpose, the well defined task of higher education in a democratic civilization. This morning I should like to mention one of the phases of college life in which the lack of correlation is clearly and painfully evident. It is that of the relations between the college and its graduates. Here, it seems to me, we have hardly begun to think of the principles and pur- poses involved. Is it not true that our demands upon the alumni are almost wholly external and quantitative? Who is the loyal graduate of a college? Is he not, in our common view, the one who sends in more students, who attends the alumni banquet, who organizes the alumni council, who makes gifts of money or of buildings to the college which he loves? Now I do not mean that these are not proper activities for a graduate nor that they do not express college loyalty. But, on the other hand, they have to do with externals and unless there is something deeper within them the graduate and his college are not properly related. Or again, one of our most common tests of the grad- uate's contribution to his college is his success in some chosen activity. "He best brings glory to his college," we say, ''who justifies her training by the achievements which he makes." And so we go to "Who's Who" and count the numbers and measure the values which the college has given. If a college has trained good lawyers and doctors and ministers and business men it is a good college and nothing more need be said. But the trouble is that very much remains to be said. The test is good so far as it goes, and it goes fairly far on the surface, but it does not go deep. What is the real test of a graduate's loyalty? In my opinion it is not hostile to these of which we have spoken except when they are substituted for it. Then for the sake of it, for the sake of the spirit as against the body, we must rise up and destroy them, must insist that every 120 RUTGERS CELEBRATION graduate submit to the genuine test of membership in a college community. What man is loyal to a college? Surely it is the man who is interested in the ''interests'* of the college. If a college teaches biology, that man is of the college who wishes to know what biology has to tell. If the college has given itself up to the pursuit of knowledge and ap- preciation philosophic, literary, scientific, humanistic, no man who has ceased from that pursuit is in any genuine sense a member of the college community. I sometimes think that the only real test of our teaching is that of the extent to which pupils continue to study our subjects after they leave us. If philosophy be successfully taught it must become a permanent intellectual interest from which the learner will never depart. If economics be not studied by the graduate, it was studied to very little ef- fect by the undergraduate. Some day I am hoping to take part in a discussion of this thesis: "No subject has a proper place in a college curriculum unless we have a right to expect the students to continue the study of it so long as they live." The statement is, of course, an exaggeration, but I am begin- ning to think that it has the root of the matter in it. If it be true, then the college is a place where a boy may learn what intellectual pursuits are worthy of his follow- ing; it is a place of the beginnings of study and the end of it is very well called the commencement. You will see at once that what I am attacking here is the pernicious doctrine that it "makes no difference" what subjects one studies in college; the one essential is that the mind be "trained" by studying something properly. That theory of college instruction seems to me hopelessly false and bad. It makes of literature and science and philosophy and history, not vital and essen- tial human interests, but exercises for the discipline of children. They are things to be used for drill and then forgotten things to be put aside when one becomes a man and begins to do something worth while. As against this notion I am dreaming of the college SATURDAY, OCTOBER FOURTEENTH 121 community as a body of thousands of men teachers, graduates, undergraduates all of whom are engaged in the same intellectual operation, in the same great enter- prise of the mind. I want to see college teachers recog- nized as men to whom the whole nation comes for guidance and counsel. I am eager to see boys coming for instruction to men from whom the fathers of the same boys are still eagerly receiving instruction. Do you think we should fail to "grip" the boy if that were true? Do you think we shall ever succeed in gripping him until it is true! How shall the dream be realized? It must be done, for without just such intellectual activities as this no democracy can live. How shall it be done? Of course the first step is to get the gospel believed. It was sug- gested by the new President of Dartmouth that we should establish summer schools for alumni and the same sug- gestion has been recently made to me by one of our Am- herst graduates who has been feeling the same need and dreaming the same dream. Much can be accomplished, I am sure, by the development of the graduate magazines into organs of study and discussion. But I must not try to solve the problem in detail this morning. These eager young colleges have many glori- ous tasks before them. I have tried simply to indicate one of them. Mr. President, on the one hundred and fiftieth birth- day of Kutgers College, I congratulate you upon its lusty youth; I predict for it a splendid and vigorous man- hood. President DBMABEST: Rutgers College, having its en- during sympathy and co-work with the colleges which President Meiklejohn has especially represented, has also a peculiar sympathy and co-work with the state univer- sities and state colleges of our land, through the State College of New Jersey being grafted into its life. I introduce to you President Edwin Erie Sparks of Pennsylvania State College. 122 RUTGERS CELEBRATION ADDRESS EDWIN ERLE SPARKS, Ph.D., LL.D. President of Pennsylvania State College MB. PRESIDENT, FRIENDS AND ADMIRERS OF THE ANCIENT AND HONORABLE, YET YOUNG AND VIGOROUS RUTGERS: Rarely is it given to a man to bring felicitations upon the one hundred and fiftieth birthday and to find the recip- ient active, vigorous, and in full possession of his mental power and unlimited in his usefulness by any eight hour law of national or local enactment. I bring, sir, the greetings of that particular class of institutions known as the State College and the State University, to which Rutgers was admitted, as has been said by her President, in the year 1864. The evolution of the idea of a public institution sup- ported by public taxes was a natural complement of the idea of a public school system similarly supported. The capstone simply awaited, if you please, the proper set- tling of the foundation. At the present time the support of the public school system, of the state college or the state university, is regarded by the American people, I am happy to say, not alone as a duty, but even as a privilege. Therefore I have the brashness to think my- self commissioned by the one hundred million people of the United States, speaking through sixty-six institu- tions which represent one hundred and thirty thousand students. In the development of this modern idea of education Rutgers has always been abreast of the front line of progress. She has aided her sister colleges and uni- versities in bringing education out from the musty clois- ter into the open light of the thronged market place. She has helped to develop an applied education for the public health, the public prosperity, and the public wel- fare. Service has always been her watchword. "Take the College of the State to the people of the State" is the SATURDAY, OCTOBER FOURTEENTH 123 slogan Tinder which Bulgers has aided the colleges in wresting secrets of truth from mother nature in agri- cultural and engineering experiment stations, and in sending them forth by those missionaries of betterment, the college extension workers. In this line of public service well may Rutgers say, "My campus is the Com- monwealth. ' ' In another particular Rutgers has powerfully aided her sister institutions, and that is in the constant adjust- ment of the college curriculum so as to maintain the old time cultural in this present urgent demand for the prac- tical. Fifty years ago, in 1864, the scion of utility was easily and readily grafted upon the ancient tree of Rut- gers culture, and she has held fast also to the old while ad- mitting the new. In the beginning of that great industrial period following our Civil War, which is still upon us, Rutgers heard the demand for the training of the hand, and out of the simple " mechanic arts" she helped de- velop the wonderfully complex and varied present courses in engineering. A few years later agriculture, the handmaiden, if you please no, better, the Cinderella of the land grant col- leges, was found sitting by the fireside, discovered by the Prince of High Prices ; and immediately Rutgers Col- lege answered the call and the enrollment of students in agriculture increased by leaps and by bounds. It is in- teresting to notice how the public call is always responded to in these state institutions. Somebody has well said that education is nothing more nor less than a constant adjustment of knowledge to need. Fifty years ago there was only civil and military engineering. About thirty years ago this College instituted a course in electrical engineering in response to public demand. A little later came a demand for that big thing which we scarcely rec- ognize and do not yet know exactly how to handle, called electrochemical engineering; and Rutgers responded to the call immediately. Then came the excitement over the prospect of the exhaustion of our national resources, 124 RUTGERS CELEBRATION and elementary forestry responded immediately. Sit- uated here, close to the greatest market in the world, her students have enrolled in market gardening and in dairy husbandry. At the present time, in her catalog, I find an unusual enrollment of students in industrial chem- istry. What does it mean? It indicates the call, the pressing demand of the ammunition needs of a great war, and a war not in this country, but away around on the other side of the globe. Truly always education is the adjustment of knowledge to the need. Rutgers College has kept abreast of her sister state universities and colleges in answering the call of the people ; yet she still holds fast, as I said a moment since, to the old while taking on the new. I need go no further than the catalog to ascertain that while she now offers the Bachelor of Science, she continues, according to her traditions, to offer the Bachelor of Arts and the Bachelor of Letters. I open her catalog and I find that a student who desires urgently to pursue the study of commercial pomology, of microscopic petrography, of mineralogy, of toxicology, or of microbiology of soils must still have in that diet a sprinkling of English, of literature, of history, and of economics. In assimilating that diet, let us earn- estly and profoundly hope he learns how to read, to write, and to spell ! I turn to the list of the Faculty and I find here the Professor of Agriculture neighboring the Professor of Logic and Mental Philosophy, let us hope on a perfectly neutral basis. Still further I find that Rutgers College, faithful to tradition, even in the practical present, sup- ports a Professor of Latin and also a Professor of Greek, thereby demonstrating that Rutgers for one does not rank these professorships with the dodo and other extinct species. Therefore, Mr. President, because Rutgers answers so nobly the call to public service as exemplified in a tax supported institution, because she responds so efficiently in the adjustment of the curriculum to human needs, and HP SATURDAY, OCTOBER FOURTEENTH 125 because she has maintained so courageously the ulti- mately satisfying element in education while adding the presently profitable, I greet her with a hearty "Well done" and wish her many happy returns of a centennial day. President DEMABEST: Education at Rutgers College has had an especial touch with education in Japan. In the seventies the earliest students coming from Japan to America for the Western learning came to New Bruns- wick, to Rutgers College and to its Preparatory School. Graduates of Rutgers went to Japan to do pioneer work in education there. David Murray went from his pro- fessorship in this College to be the pioneer in organizing the modern educational system of that country. We have with us a delegate from that far distant land ; I Lave greatest satisfaction in introducing Baron Chuza- buro Shiba of the Imperial University of Tokyo, Japan. ADDRESS BARON CHUZABURO SHIBA, Doctor of Engineering Professor in the Imperial University of Tokyo MR. PRESIDENT, TRUSTEES OP THE COLLEGE, LADIES AND GENTLEMEN : I am not sure whether any one with us to- day remembers the Japanese name of Sugiura, who was studying here in this College some fifty years ago, when quite a young man of course. After his return to Japan, changing his name to Hatakeyama, he was in Govern- ment service and then was elected to be the first Japanese President of the Kaisei-Gakko, the first Government in- stitution of university grade. This Kaisei-Gakko, a young tree or sprout, if I may compare it to a plant, became later on a well formed and developed tree with many branches and is now known as the Imperial University of Tokyo, to which I now belong. I consider myself greatly honored to have been ap- pointed to be present here on this grand occasion as an 126 RUTGERS CELEBRATION official delegate from our University, which is in a certain sense an offspring of Rutgers College. Aside from Sugiura or Hatakeyama, referred to a moment ago, this College has accomplished a great service in the develop- ment of my country by educating other able young men. These young men, after returning home, played a most prominent part in the modern civilization of Japan. As for Dr. Murray's work in our educational world, it is almost needless to mention it here, because it is so well known to all. The present President of our Tokyo Imperial Univer- sity, Baron Keujiro Yamakawa, has a fond recollection of this town. He was, I was told, a student in your in- stitution. I feel therefore rather sorry that I was not here myself as a student in this excellent College; but here today, by your courtesy, you have bestowed upon me a very great honor, and I beg to assure you, Mr. President, that I am proud to be able henceforth to call myself a fellow alumnus of Rutgers College. Now I have very great pleasure in delivering to you the official message from our University, which I was asked to present to you and which reads as follows : (Translation) President and Trustees of Rutgers College, New Brunswick, New Jersey. Dear Sirs: On the felicitous occasion of the 150th Anniversary of the foundation of Rutgers College, the Imperial Uni- versity of Tokyo has the honor of sending as delegate Professor Baron Chuzaburo Shiba, of the Engineering College, to be present at the great function. We think that universities are the fountain-heads of a nation's culture and that the ideals and the moral char- acter of a nation are largely embodied and fostered by them. That your Institution has, during the 150 years of its career, rendered signal service to the welfare of your country is universally acknowledged and admired. SATURDAY, OCTOBER FOURTEENTH 127 And the relation of your Institution with our University and our educational world at large is no slight one, for it was Professor David Murray of your College who came to Japan in the early years of Meiji as adviser to our Ministry of Education and who achieved so great development in all departments of our educational sys- tem. Moreover, many of our students who studied in America have, either directly or indirectly, been indebted to the guidance of your professors. It is therefore with a deep sense of gratitude that we recall what your Insti- tution has been to our Imperial University and to our educational world. Now the European War is going to turn the current of the world and both East and West have been thrown under its influence. Spiritually and materially they are on the verge of a great upheaval. The activity, at this juncture, of the universities of all countries will be a grand spectacle in the history of twentieth century civili- zation. It is believed and expected on all hands that your In- stitution will continue to make contributions, even greater than heretofore, toward the promotion of peace and humanity. Begging you to accept our heartiest congratulations and wishing your Institution every prosperity and suc- cess, We remain, dear Sirs, Yours respectfully, Baron KENJIBO YAMAQAWA, Rigakuhakushi, President of the Imperial University of Tokyo. President DEMAEEST : The Trustees of Rutgers College have directed that certain honorary degrees be conferred, appropriate to this anniversary occasion. Candidates for these degrees will present themselves as their names are called. 128 RUTGERS CELEBRATION HONORARY DEGREES HENRY JANEWAY HARDENBERGH The Trustees of Rutgers College have directed that the honorary degree of Master of Arts be conferred on Henry Janeway Hardenbergh, great-great-grandson of the first President of Rutgers College, bearing also the name of an especially honored graduate and trustee of this College, architect of this Chapel in the earliest practice of his profession, now architect of its renovation, designer of splendid university buildings near by and of great erec- tions in the nearby metropolis, in recognition of his good taste and skill and large achievement in a vocation pledged to high ideals of beauty and strength. AUSTIN WAKEMAN SCOTT The Trustees of Rutgers College have directed that the honorary degree of Master of Arts be conferred on Austin Wakeman Scott, son of the recent President of the Col- lege, graduated from Rutgers with highest honors in the class of 1903, graduated with highest honors from the Law School of Harvard University in 1909, Professor of Law in the Law School of Harvard University, sometime acting Dean of that School and sometime Dean of the Law School of the University of Iowa, author of text- books for the study of law, in recognition of his attain- ments in the field of his special study, his marked success as a teacher, and his high position as a member of the Faculty of the first College or University founded in this country. JOHN LIVINGSTON RUTGERS MORGAN The Trustees of Rutgers College have directed that the honorary degree of Doctor of Science be conferred on John Livingston Rutgers Morgan, bearing names greatly dis- tinguished in the history of this College, graduated from Rutgers with honor in 1892 and from the University of SATURDAY, OCTOBER FOURTEENTH 129 Leipzig in 1895, Professor of Physical Chemistry in Columbia University, author of works of scientific im- portance, in recognition of his ability in research, his fruitful service as a teacher of science, and his high posi- tion as a member of the Faculty of the University which was King's College when Rutgers was founded as Queen's. PETER COOPER HEWITT The Trustees of Rutgers College have directed that the honorary degree of Doctor of Science be conferred on Peter Cooper Hewitt, descended from a father and a grandfather greatly honored in the public life of their times, resident of New Jersey and familiar with the great resources and industries of the State, student of science, discoverer of some of her secrets, pioneer in the applica- tion of important truths, inventor of methods of electrical efficiency, in recognition of his devotion to the practical problems of science and his great contribution to the con- venience and comfort of the common life. CHUZABURO SHIBA The Trustees of Rutgers College have directed that the honorary degree of Doctor of Science be conferred on Chuzaburo Shiba, Baron, graduate of the Imperial Uni- versity of Tokyo, Master of Science, Doctor of Engineer- ing, Professor of Mechanical Engineering in the Imperial University of Tokyo, member of the Institution of Naval Architects (London) and of like Society in Japan, de- signer of ships and technical adviser for the Oriental Steamship Company of Japan, author of a textbook on steam engines, lately President of the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers, honored in 1914 by the Emperor of Japan with the decoration of the Sacred Treasure, Third Class, in recognition of his scholarly attainments, his distinction in varied scientific work, and his presence here as delegate from the leading University in that far distant land whose sons have been so closely bound with the sons of Rutgers in the life of education. 130 RUTGERS CELEBRATION MABGABET CAMPBELL DELAND The Trustees of Rutgers College have directed that the honorary degree of Doctor of Letters be conferred on Margaret Campbell Deland, niece of Rutgers 's honored President of half a century ago, William Henry Camp- bell, author of verses and stories of singular charm and interest, whose idea of that Rutgers President, whose admiration and affection for him, entered into the Dr. Lavender of her Old Chester Tales, in recognition of her intellectual force, her literary skill, and her abundant production of books cleverly portraying many and varied aspects of life. AME VENNEMA The Trustees of Rutgers College have directed that the honorary degree of Doctor of Divinity be conferred on Ame Vennema, graduate of Hope College and of the New Brunswick Theological Seminary, President of Hope College, sometime President of the General Synod of the Reformed Church in America, and sometime pastor of important parishes in that denomination, pastor, preacher, educator, administrator, in recognition of his fine quality of Christian manhood, his excellence as a minister of Jesus Christ, his unfailing support of all moral enterprise, and his distinction as President of the College in the west, born of the same ancestral blood and faith as this College, just fifty years ago. ELISHA BBOOKS JOYCE The Trustees of Rutgers College have directed that the honorary degree of Doctor of Divinity be conferred on Elisha Brooks Joyce, graduate of Yale University and of the General Theological Seminary, New York City, minister of tho Protestant Episcopal Church in New Brunswick from the beginning of his ministry until this present year, in recognition of his fine personal quality as a minister of Jesus Christ, his earnest, steadfast preaching of the word in season and out of season, his SATUEDAY, OCTOBER FOURTEENTH 131 unreserved devotion in the pastoral care of God's people, and his leadership for thirty-four years of a church closely related to this College for more than a century and knit with it especially in the shared service of the minister and teacher who was Rector of the Church and Rector of the College Grammar School before becoming first Bishop of New Jersey just a century ago. DAVID JAMES BUBBELL The Trustees of Rutgers College have directed that the honorary degree of Doctor of Divinity be conferred on David James Burrell, graduate of Yale University and of Union Theological Seminary, senior minister of the Collegiate Church in New York City, devoted champion of the word of God and evangelical religion, preacher of the Gospel to the passing multitude at the centre of the great city, writer of sermons that reach a congregation far beyond the bounds of his parish, in recognition of his pulpit power over unfailing audiences year by year, his unwavering steadfastness in the truth as he apprehends it, his versatile application of it to all the experiences and needs of men, and in recognition of the twenty-fifth anni- versary of his entering the pastorate of the oldest Dutch Reformed Church and oldest church of any order in the United States of America. ERNEST MARTIN HOPKINS The Trustees of Rutgers College have directed that the honorary degree of Doctor of Laws be conferred on Ernest Martin Hopkins, graduate of Dartmouth Col- lege, inaugurated President of Dartmouth College one week ago, student, social worker, administrator, versed in the principles of social and educational life and af- fairs, in recognition of work well done, of fine service given his Alma Mater, and of the qualities of manhood and leadership which have commanded his call to the chief executive office of the College founded next after Rutgers, still in the days of the thirteen Colonies. 132 RUTGERS CELEBRATION VIRGINIA CROCHEBON GILDERSLEEVE The Trustees of Rutgers College have directed that the honorary degree of Doctor of Laws be conferred on Vir- ginia Crocheron Gildersleeve, graduate of Barnard Col- lege and Columbia University, Professor of English, Dean of Barnard College, in recognition of her attain- ments in literature, her influence as a college teacher, her ability in executive work, and her conspicuous success in presiding over a great institution during its years of swift development and in giving without reserve to the higher education of women her noble powers of mind and spirit. ROBERT ELLIOTT SPEEB The Trustees of Rutgers College have directed that the honorary degree of Doctor of Laws be conferred on Rob- ert Elliott Speer, graduate of Princeton University, Secretary of the Presbyterian Board of Foreign Mis- sions, speaker of rare spirit and power, writer on religion and missions, guide of leaders and workers in statesman- like policy, servant of the Church and the worldwide Kingdom of God, an example in word and life to many friends, in recognition of his unswerving steadfastness in the faith once delivered, his unsparing devotion to the missionary cause, his gift of high incentive to young men in all our universities and colleges, his power in organ- izing great forces of the Church, and his executive posi- tion in a great denomination always sharing largely in the life of this College. EDWIN ROBERT WALKER The Trustees of Rutgers College have directed that the honorary degree of Doctor of Laws be conferred on Edwin Robert Walker, lawyer, jurist, Chancellor of the State of New Jersey, in recognition of his high ability in the practice of his profession, his fine judicial sense in considering questions of law and equity, his clearness and correctness in preparing decisions of far reaching ALUMNI PARADE ON THE NEILSON FIELD FLAG CARRIED BY STUDENTS IN THE ALUMNI PARADE SATURDAY, OCTOBER FOURTEENTH 133 importance, and his service in the highest judicial posi- tion in the State of New Jersey, as Chancellor, presiding over the Court of Errors and Appeals. JOSEPH HODGES CHOATE The Trustees of Eutgers College have directed that the honorary degree of Doctor of Laws be conferred on Joseph Hodges Choate, graduate of Harvard, honorary graduate of many colleges and universities at home and abroad, lawyer, statesman, diplomatist, president of the New York Constitutional Convention in 1894, Ambassa- dor of the United States to Great Britain 1899 to 1905, Ambassador and first delegate of the United States to the International Peace Conference at The Hague 1907, Fellow, Trustee, President of various clubs, societies, associations, in recognition of his great ability in the field of law and civic affairs, his high ideals of public life, his far reaching service in matters of municipal and national welfare, his ready leadership in the movement for world peace and for national security, and his some- time holding of the exalted office of Ambassador from the United States to the great nation whose King in our Colonial days gave the charter to this College. W. L. F. C. VAN EAPPARD The Trustees of Eutgers College have directed that the honorary degree of Doctor of Laws be conferred upon Chevalier W. L. F. C. van Eappard, trained in the law at Leyden University; sometime Secretary and Counsel- lor to the Eoyal Legations of the Netherlands at Brus- sels, Petrograd, Vienna, and Berlin; later Envoy of the Netherlands to Morocco, Africa ; now Minister Plenipo- tentiary and Envoy Extraordinary from the Netherlands to the United States of America; in recognition of his learning, his diplomatic skill and long continued fine service in international relations, and his exalted posi- tion as now representing at our seat of national govern- ment the land and the people of splendid life, spirit, and 134 RUTGERS CELEBRATION tradition which one hundred and fifty years ago gave to this College its honored founders and secured its royal foundation. President DEMAEEST: It is requested that after the benediction the congregation remain standing while the academic procession leaves the Chapel. Any delegates having manuscript of greetings from the institutions which they represent may leave them with the Chief Marshal as they pass forward and out of the Chapel. Benediction The grace of the Lord Jesus Christ, the love of God, and the communion of the Holy Ghost be with you all. Amen. At the close of the exercises the academic procession left the Chapel in the same order in which it entered and dispersed on the campus. At one o 'clock luncheon was again served at the Robert F. Ballantine Gymnasium where delegates, guests, and alumni gathered with the Trustees and Faculty to the number of perhaps twelve hundred. PRESENTATION OF MEMORIAL TABLET BY SONS OF THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION Queen's Building, 2 :00 P. M. On Saturday afternoon at two o 'clock ceremonies were held by the New Jersey Chapter of the Sons of the Amer- ican Revolution on the Queen's Campus at the entrance to Queen's Building, appropriate to the presentation of a tablet by the Society to the College. Members of the Society and of the College and celebration visitors were assembled. The tablet was erected on the outer wall of the building, at the side of its front doorway, balancing the historical tablet on the other side of the doorway, erected three years ago by the graduating class. It is here reproduced. (See "List of Illustrations.") SATURDAY, OCTOBER FOURTEENTH 135 PRESENTATION SPEECH WILLIAM CLINTON ARMSTRONG, A.M. Chaplain of the New Jersey Society of the Sons of the American Revolution MR. PRESIDENT : The Society of the Sons of the Amer- ican Revolution was organized for a single purpose. It has one aim, and only one. It seeks to perpetuate Amer- ican ideals; it seeks to keep before the public a clear conception of the foundation principles on which this government was established; and in defense of those principles, it seeks to implant and foster the most tender feelings of the human heart. We are not a religious society, although our members without exception recognize religion as a strong support to free and just government. We are not a historical society, although we are deeply interested in the history of our country and we do all that we can to encourage its study. We are not a genealogical society, although we limit our membership to those whose ancestors did things in 1776. The theoretical caviler who may object to such a bond as exclusive is put to complete silence by the fact that this bond works and produces results that are worth while. Our sole object, I repeat, is the perpetuation of Amer- ican ideals ; and in order to attain this object, our Society engages in many lines of work. Are our national holi- days to be fittingly celebrated? We lend a hand. Is a law necessary to prevent the desecration of the American flag? We lend a hand. Are immigrants to be instructed in the duties of citizenship? We lend a hand. We are thoroughly alive to everything that concerns the welfare, prosperity, and honor of our country. The purpose of our assembling here today is to honor the memory of men who assisted in establishing the American Republic. Our committee, Mr. President, was glad when permission was obtained from the College authorities for the placing of a bronze plate on old 136 RUTGEBS CELEBRATION Queen's in memory of the Rutgers patriots of 1776. Complying with the direction of the Board of Managers, we take great pleasure in reporting that the tablet has been prepared and is now in position. RESPONSE BY PRESIDENT DEMAREST On behalf of the Trustees, Faculty, and students of Rutgers College, I accept this memorial with sincere thanks and deep appreciation. The gift is peculiarly welcome, coming from the New Jersey Chapter of the Sons of the American Revolution and testifying to the interest of that Society in this College of Colonial founda- tion. It is in highest degree gratifying to have a tablet erected on this ancient and noble building to perpetuate the memory of the men of old Queen's who fought to lay the foundations of our national life nearly a century and a half ago. They were a noble group of patriots, the tutors, Frederick Frelinghuysen and John Taylor, the graduates, James Schureman, Simeon De Witt, Jeremiah Smith, and the rest. It is a happy incident of this oc- casion that Frederick Frelinghuysen, twelve years of age, son of Frederick Frelinghuysen, grandson of Frederick T. Frelinghuysen, both trustees and graduates of this College, great-great grandson of the tutor and patriot of the same name in the revolutionary days, unveils the tablet. The words on the enduring bronze will speak with eloquence to all the coming generations of students enter- ing these halls the lesson of fervent patriotism command- ing youthful intellect and strength. True to its tradi- tions, Rutgers, old Queen's, pledges to you its faithful service in holding before young men the high ideals of citizenship and the high duties of unselfish patriotism. It is a gift of rare dignity and beauty with which your Society has honored this great anniversary occasion and I beg that you will accept our most grateful acknowledg- ment. j TO THE MEMORY OF j THE MEN OF { RVTGERS COLLEGE r HO FOVGHT FOR THE i CAVSE OF INDEPENDENCE IN THE [ERICAN REVOLVTION THIS TABLET IS PLACED BY THE EW JERSEY SOCIETY ) F THE .& SONS OF THE ERICAN REVOLVTION THE 150TH ANNIVERSARY (NOVEMBER 10,1916) OF THE FOVNDING VTGERS COLLEGE 137 ALUMNI PAEADE AND FOOTBALL GAME Neilson Field, 2:30 P. M. At the same hour on Saturday afternoon the alumni and undergraduates were assembling around their class banners on the front Queen's Campus. Forming in order, the oldest graduates first, the procession moved toward Winants Hall, then to Queen's Building, and so marched out of the 1883 Gates into the main street of the City. Probably more than one thousand alumni were in line. Every man wore his badge and carried his pen- nant. Each class carried its banner and there were sev- eral large College banners distributed through the long line of the procession. An item of special interest was the carrying of an immense flag of the United States by members of the undergraduate cadet corps. The procession, with its several bands of music, passed down George Street to Monument Square, at the foot of Livingston Avenue, round the monument and back to Hamilton Street and to College Avenue and to Neilson Field to witness the football game between Washington and Lee University and Rutgers. The alumni, after parading round the field, were seated in the west stand and the undergraduates were seated in the east stand. The cheering of the undergraduates, led by Frederick B. Heitkamp '17, Herbert W. Boes '17, and Wilbur Copley Herbert '17, was particularly fine and stirring; and cheers of the alumni, led by Charles C. Hommann, Jr. '10, Walter K. Wood '16, and Clarkson A. Cranmer '16, responded. About five thousand persons attended the game. An item of remarkable interest was the presence of eleven of the original team of twenty-five that played with Princeton in 1869 the first game of intercollegiate football in this country. They were : Douwe D. William- son '70, Ezra D. DeLamater '71, George E. Pace '71, John W. Herbert '72, George H. Large '72, Rev. William J. Leggett '72, Rev. John A. Van Neste '72, Bloomfield 138 RUTGERS CELEBRATION Littell '73, Eev. Abram I. Marline '73, Rev. Jacob 0. Van Fleet '73, and Rev. Charles S. Wright '73. They grouped themselves on the field and gave their college cheer and were given a great ovation. The football game resulted in a tie, 13 to 13. The players were : WASHINGTON AND LEE RUTGERS Harry M. Adams Left End Robert C. Elliott Herman R. Crile (substitute) Karl H. Johnson Left Tackle William A. Feitner B. D. Bryan Left Guard Laurence Sliker Alfred F. Pierotti Center Howard Fitz R. Mason Lindsey L. Moore Eight Guard Alfred T. Garrett E. Turner Bethel Right Tackle Samuel J. Weller Merrill H. Thompson (substitute) S. Mercer Graham Right End John N. Wittpenn, Jr. Lane R. Larkin (substitute) Percy J. Hauser (substitute) Battle Bagley Quarterback Francis J. Scarr Robert V. Ignico Right Halfback Frank B. Kelley Harry K. Young Left Halfback Elmer G. Bracher John H. Sorrells Fullback Homer H. Hazel A. G. Paxton (substitute) The officials were: Referee F. W. Murphy (Brown). Umpire A. M. Farrier (Dartmouth). Head Linesman Edward J. Madden (Yale). Field Judge L. L. Draper (Williams). "Buccleuch" Mansion, 3:30 to 6:00 P. M. The Jersey Blue Chapter of the Daughters of the American Revolution gave a reception Saturday after- noon in honor of the College and its guests and alumni in the Buccleuch mansion. The entire house with its historic furnishings was thrown open to inspection. It was lighted throughout by candle light and the ladies who officiated on the various committees were attired in Colonial costumes. The reception committee consisted of Mrs. Mott Bedell Vail, Regent of the Jersey Blue Chapter, Miss Kate Desh- ler, Honorary Regent, Miss Mary A. Demarest, and Mrs. SATURDAY, OCTOBER FOURTEENTH 139 James A. Edgar. These ladies received in the west par- lor. In the dining room Mrs. John S. Clark of Middle- bush and Miss Adelaide Parker of New Brunswick presided at the tea table; Mrs. John J. Morrison, Miss Calista Allen, Miss Emily Darrow, Miss Sadie Cutter, and Miss Frances Cropsey were "floaters." The com- mittee in charge of the reception consisted of Mrs. James A. Edgar, chairman, Mrs. Edward P. Darrow, Miss Josephine Atkinson, Mrs. Charles H. Bonney, and Mrs. Frederick C. Minkler. ALUMNI DINNER The Ballantine Gymnasium, 6:30 P. M. On Saturday evening at half past six the general Alumni Dinner was held in the Robert F. Ballantine Gymnasium. The tables filling the main room were in- sufficient to accommodate the great company assembled, and hundreds of the younger graduates were served in- formally in the large adjoining room recently erected. Probably one thousand men were present at the dinner. Music was rendered by the band while the courses were being served. At this time also opportunity was given to the Honorable W. E. Florance, a graduate of the class of 1885, a Trustee of the College, and Senator from Mid- dlesex County, to present to the College greetings from the officials of New Brunswick, the City Commission. Mr. Haley Fiske, of the class of 1871, President of the Alumni Association of the City of New York, presided. After the four announced addresses Bevier Hasbrouck Sleght, M.D., of the class of 1880, was given opportunity, and on behalf of the class presented to the College a tablet in honor of the Rutgers College men who served the Union in the Civil War. The tablet had been erected on the inner wall of the Chapel. Opportunity was also given the Dean of the College, Louis Bevier, Ph.D., of the class of 1878, who, on behalf of the alumni, presented a portrait of President Dem- arest. 140 RUTGERS CELEBRATION The program was as follows: TOASTMASTEB FisKE : Grace will be said by the Rev- erend William Elliot Griffis of the class of '69. REV. WILLIAM ELLIOT GRIFFIS: Almighty God, our Heavenly Father : We are gathered in Thy name and in the name of our beloved Institution that calls upon Divine Justice to illuminate us and those who come after us. We pray Thee tonight to open Thy hand and feed us. Give us grace to serve Thee. Strengthen us in body and mind ever to love Thee and to be loyal to our fellow men and ever devoted to Thee. Make our hour one of enjoy- ment and one to be enshrined in memory all the days of our life; and grant that after this reunion upon earth, we may meet Thee in the house not made with hands, eternal in the Heavens. In the name of Jesus Christ, our Lord. Amen! INTRODUCTORY SPEECH HALEY FISKE, ESQ. Class of 1871 FELLOW ALUMNI: We have come to the close of this great celebration and I think the first thing that we want to do is to congratulate the College, its administration, and ourselves upon its wonderful success. We must give the credit first and foremost to the Presi- dent of the College. I understand that the arrangements were made by a committee, of which he was the head. Dr. Bevier was his adjutant; and Professors Ward, Wright, and Billetdoux and Mr. Osborn, the Librarian, were the rest of the committee. To all of them I think the alumni owe their sincere and hearty thanks. The literary part of the celebration was, I understand, under the direct supervision and direction of the President him- self. The oration which he delivered was a classic. The alumni are proud of it. There has not been any failure, except this afternoon SATURDAY, OCTOBER FOURTEENTH 141 on the football field, and that was only a half failure, as the game was a tie. I think it was very kind of the other college to make a fumble at a critical point or we might not have been so happy tonight. I have been looking over some of the historical and other pamphlets issued in connection with the celebra- tion, and I read that the College began its sessions in the year 1771. Coming back here after a long absence and seeing the metamorphosis which has come over the ap- pearance of Rutgers, I really believed that I was grad- uated in 1771. The records make it 1871. In those days we did not have a celebration, as I think we should have had with our class, for the hundredth year of the College 's existence ; for in those days it was said that 1770 was the date of the beginning of the Col- lege. I have been trying all the evening to remember a celebration then, and I have been making inquiries, but it is the sad part of my period of life that I cannot find anybody around here who was born as early as that. Subsequently they moved back the date of the College so as to make this the 150th anniversary, and my hope is that as time goes on they will occasionally move it back still further so that I may celebrate the 200th anniversary. I really have felt sorry for myself all day. I came here almost literally a stranger. In my day, 1871 and I am rather proud of the fact that I go back over about one-third of the history of the College we had, as I can remember, only four buildings. There was old Queen's, and that contained the administration office, such as it was ; the room of the President, which I am sorry to say I had to visit occasionally; the Chapel was in the same building. To the left was the President 's house, unknown to students except annually when there was a reception to the alumni, from which they were kept out. All we did was to stand on the outside and see the festivities going on inside. Then there were the Geological Building and Van Nest Hall, the little Hall for the Literary Societies. 14 2 RUTGERS CELEBRATION I do not remember any other building except the little tower overlooking the railroad yard, which was called the Observatory, and to which the class in astronomy was never led so far as I can remember. What comes back to my mind was the magnificent campus unoccupied by buildings, so that as we look back, we wonder that we needed any buildings at all. It should have been like the ancient schools, and the professors should have walked up and down among those majestic old trees and held their classes there. Then as I read this printed sketch of the College I have felt almost as much disturbed by seeing this tremen- dously long list of the Faculty. As I remember it, we had but eight or ten in those days. And memory does go back to the dear old men who were then the professors. First of all came the one we used to call "Prex" Doctor Campbell, a courtly gentleman of the old school, learned devout, dignified, but not without a sense of humor. I can remember on one occasion when I was called before him that I entered into a discussion whether it was psychological or theological, I don 't know as to whether one could commit an offense without an intention to commit it; and as I never could find that that dear old Calvinist ever learned the Catholic doctrine of intention, I don 't believe I got off. In his day he had always to be asking for money for running the College, and he used to say and I suppose Dr. Demarest has much the same kind of feeling that when he died he only wanted one epitaph "And the beggar died." The courtly manners of the old gentleman would be a study for the modern man of business. I recall being in the President's room on one occasion. Why I was there is none of your business and you need not inquire. Professor Meyer called, and after a short interview they proceeded to the door. With the utmost deference and ceremonial courtesy they bowed to each other, each time their heads going down to the waist line; and they bowed and rebowed, neither being willing to go out of the door before the other. At least SATURDAY, OCTOBER FOURTEENTH 143 six of those bows went on, and while I was amused, I was quite contented with the fact that I was forgotten and left behind and went free ! Then there was the dear old face of Dr. Cooper, and it is a link with the past that sits next to me here his son, who was not born then, so I could not have known him! A quaint, delightful old gentleman, the Professor of Greek. The most that I remember about him is that he could be easily led into discussions ; and in recitations, when we were a little backward, we led him into some- thing which would lead him to take up the hour with a delightful talk about things having nothing to do with the subject. Who could forget that really great man, Dr. Cook, Professor of Chemistry, with the broad and happy smile with which he used to remark in class at the end of a demonstration: "The experiment is a success." And then there was the stately Doolittle, Professor of Rhet- oric, who even in conversation was a rhetorician. The only thing that I remember I learned from him was not to read the newspapers "They are all trash. Bead something better." He especially warned us against reading the Washington correspondence, which he said was mostly predictions of what never in fact happened ; and I think we might all be benefited today by following his advice. And then there was the martial David Murray, a gen- tleman through and through. Oh, I could go on with reminiscences of these dear old people. There is a link connecting us. In those days the present Professor Van Dyck was called an instructor. I think he went abroad about my time to complete his studies. I spent some hours with him the other day and upon my word I didn 't see very much difference in his manner and appearance after this long time. I thought I could not be as old as I knew I was ; for he looked just as he did when he was instructor, forty-five years ago. Somehow or other in going back over these memories 144 RUTGERS CELEBRATION one does not remember the instruction that he got. I don't believe I remember anything of Latin and Greek; I am quite sure I don 't. I don 't know that I could recite the motto of the College without making a mistake. But it is curious that memory goes back to these little idio- syncracies and peculiarities of the Professors. In those days smoking was not as prevalent as it is now. It was rather a rare thing. I remember an occa- sional cigarette seemed to me the commission of a grave crime. Does anybody here remember Dr. Atherton, Pro- fessor of Logic and History! Now, the only thing I re- member about him is that he let me off of a condition, or I would never have received a degree. But on this subject of smoking I don't know that it is so now but in my days students always regarded their professors with a kind of awe. Do you feel so now! Are there any undergraduates here now who feel that way! The pro- fessors never had any bad habits, either small or great, in our minds. And it was an awful shock to me one night, on George Street, when I met the Professor smoking a cigar. I think I showed that I was shocked. Of course I did not say anything; but he must have looked at my face, and he said, "Well, I am doing this by the advice of a physician. He says it promotes digestion." The modern student must have a wonderful digestion. I sup- pose these undergraduates here smoke more now than our entire College did during the four years we were here. After all, isn't the fact that we remember these small and trifling things, so to speak, significant of something? Isn't it significant of the advantages of a small college! We were small then. The total number of students, I think, was less than the freshman class of today. But the small college has this advantage that the professors know their students. They do not merely lecture to a class. They know the deficiencies and the qualifications of every man ; and there is that personal attention, that intimacy, so to speak, between professor and student, which I suppose the large colleges never know. AT THE FOOTBALL GAME WASHINGTON AND LEE vs. RUTGERS SATURDAY, OCTOBER FOURTEENTH 145 And can we look over the roster of Rutgers, and very likely of other small colleges, without the strong convic- tion that proportionate to the number of students there are more eminent graduates out of the small colleges than out of the large ones? At any rate, in our American history do we know a more eloquent Senator, a more useful Secretary of State, than Frelinghuysen f A greater Judge than Bradley? An abler lawyer than Cortlandt Parker? A more cele- brated physician than Janeway? A more eminent scien- tist in his line than Hill ? A railway expert and president greater than our Loree! A more useful clergyman than Dean Hoffman! In the history of sociology, in the mat- ter of social welfare and uplift, a nobler exponent than Graham Taylor? It would be wearisome to go over the list of eminent graduates. Anybody can read the Eed Book, recently published ; and in going down the list you see those who have usefully served their generations or are now use- fully serving this generation in Church, in State, in the pulpit, in the service of education, in government; so that Rutgers surely never need be ashamed of this list of her alumni. That is a tremendous satisfaction to us as to the past. But can 't we look to the future with great anticipation I Isn 't it a great pride to the alumni of this College that now we have a President who is one of their number, an honored name in New Brunswick for genera- tions, studious and serious from his youth, amazingly eloquent in his public speech, persuasive in his private discourse, saturated with loyalty to his College, keen in pursuit of his ambition for the institution, resourceful in planning, persistent and of untiring energy in carry- ing out his plans? The modern president is, first of all, of course, an administrator. In my day, presidents taught. In these days, they have no time to teach. But this character whom we have been describing in terms that are conservative and moderate must give us for the future a vision of certain progress, of enduring fame 146 RUTGERS CELEBRATION for the College ; and so tonight we congratulate ourselves most of all, I think, upon the possession of Doctor Dem- arest as our head. Toastmaster FISKE: There has been prepared for us by the Committee a program of extreme excellence. I think that we ought, in deference to the City of New Brunswick, first to introduce one who will present the Greetings of the municipality, in the person of the Hon- orable W. E. Florance of the class of '85, who was once Mayor of this City. GREETINGS FROM THE CITY OF NEW BRUNSWICK HONORABLE W. E. FLORANCE, A.M. Class of 1885 MR. TOASTMASTER, THE PRESIDENT OF THE COLLEGE, AND FRIENDS : In behalf of the Commissioners of the City of New Brunswick, I have been requested to present to you something that will pass down in the history of the Col- lege as showing the attitude of the City toward the In- stitution. We think that the College is a part of the town. We know that you love the old town; we know that you know it of old. Your Toastmaster, I am sure, was one of those who in ancient times in New Brunswick took his exercise by walking over the pavements of our city. It was the only gymnasium we had, and it undoubt- edly developed every muscle that there was in him. Things have changed in this old town. We have im- proved, as you have improved. This pageant that you gave the other day was a splendid illustration of the history of New Brunswick in its connection with Rutgers College. And how essential New Brunswick was to you in making that pageant a success ! Because, what would it have been if it had not been for the beauties of New Brunswick, as illustrated in our gallery tonight and as exemplified in every one of the episodes of the other day. SATURDAY, OCTOBER FOURTEENTH 147 The great trouble with you is that you are growing so great that you are compelling us to live up to your stand- ards. You have made the banks of the old Earitan so famous that we have to dam the Raritan to make it a real river. This town is progressing. The Commission that I represent tonight, in presenting to you these resolutions, has planned a great future for this town. You know you have always considered that the water of the City of New Brunswick was both food and drink. You now know that the plan is to make this a dry town, and every class that banqueted at New Brunswick last night felt con- vinced that it was a dry town. Now, what are we going to do? We are going to filter the water of New Bruns- wick so that hereafter you will have no justification for drinking anything except water. To show you the feeling that there is in New Brunswick with regard to the College, the Commissioners have passed the following resolutions, which express that feel- ing in detail: "RESOLVED: That the following minute be fully in- scribed upon our official record and a certified copy thereof, signed by the Mayor, attested by the Clerk, and under the corporate seal, be transmitted to the President of Rutgers: "We, the Board of Commissioners of the City of New Brunswick, earnestly congratulate the President, Fac- ulty, officers, alumni, and student body of Rutgers College on the celebration of the one hundred and fiftieth anni- versary of that institution of learning, which through a century and a half has ever so richly deserved the high place she has held in the esteem of the American people, and whose honor and prestige have always been so valua- bly reflected upon this town 'On the banks of the old Raritan*; "That, as the governing body of this municipality, we deeply wish for her, so long our special pride and glory, a future even greater than her renowned past. To her 148 RUTGERS CELEBRATION visiting alumni, guests, and friends, the official welcome of the City of New Brunswick is hereby extended, and with it goes the whole hearted desire of our people for their stay here to be replete with genuine pleasure and contentment ; and that their visit shall serve to more in- tensely make the expression 'Town and Gown' in this community truly indicative of a sturdy mutual loyalty and love." Toastmaster FISKE: The first address has as its sub- ject "The College Graduate in the World of Learning." It seems particularly appropriate to introduce as the speaker one who has studied and received his degree from Rutgers, studied at Yale and got a degree there, studied at Columbia, studied at Berlin, studied at Leip- zig and got his degree there, and studied at Paris; one who is known as an author of distinction, who has em- bodied in himself the best traditions of his father of whom I have spoken a man of learning, Professor Lane Cooper of Cornell. SPEECH LANE COOPER, A.M., PH.D. Glass of 1896; Professor of the English Language and Literature in Cornell University THE COLLEGE GRADUATE IN THE WORLD OF LEARNING MR. TOASTMASTER, ASSEMBLED GUESTS, AND BRETHREN OF THE ALUMNI OF RUTGERS : Let me thank you heartily for your welcome. I am indeed grateful for the kindly allusion to my honored father, whose spirit is doubtless with us at this moment. Would that a portion of his eloquence were mine, that I might fitly say what you should willingly hear about "The College Graduate in the World of Learning." Does the title need explanation? 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