IC-NRLF DOCUMENTS DEPT. OF THE UNIVERSITY OF DOCUMENTS REPORT TO THB THIRTY-FIRST GENERAL ASSEMBLY OF THE COMMITTEE ON Slate Educational institutions APPOINTED BY THE THIRTIETH GENERAL ASSEMBLY. DBS MOINE8 BERNARD MTJBPHT, BTATH PHINTBB 1906 REPORT TO THE THIRTY- FIRST GENERAL ASSEMBLY OF THE COMMITTEE ON Educational institutions APPOINTED BY THE THIRTIETH GENERAL ASSEMBLY. DES MOINES BERNARD MURPHY, STATE PRINTER 1906 OOOUMBBTS DOCUMENTS REPORT OF COMMITTEE. To The Thirty-First General Assembly: The committee appointed by the joint resolution No. 7, of the Thirtieth General Assembly, to investigate the system of management and affairs of the state educational institutions of Iowa, beg leave to report as follows: By the terms of said resolution the committee was directed to in- quire into the entire system of management and affairs of said educa- tional institutions, their business management and educational policies and to make the Thirty-first General Assembly a detailed report of its findings and conclusions, supported by all the facts and supplemented by a comparison and examination of the methods elsewhere employed. After the appointment of this committee as provided by the terms of the resolution, it organized by electing Mr. Whipple chairman and Mr. Langan secretary. The committee visited each of the educational institutions of Iowa, the universities of South Dakota, Minnesota and Wisconsin and the Northwestern University of Evanston, Illinois., At Iowa City and at Ames, the evidence was taken by stenographers and was afterwards transcribed and a copy furnished to each of the members of the com' mittee. At Cedar Palls and at each of the other places visited, ques~ tions were submitted to be answered by the presidents and others con- nected with the several institutions. A copy of all the testimony taken at the places visited, including testimony given by other prominent educators is now on file in the office of the secretary of state. STATE UNIVERSITY. The State University, is by the constitution, permanently located and established at Iowa City. Constitution, Article 11, section 8. Government Board of Regents Powers. It is governed by a board of regents, composed of the governor, the superintendent of public instruction and one member from each congressional district. It has power to appoint a president and the requisite number of pro- fessors and tutors, with such other officers as it may deem expedient, and fix the compensation to be paid them, including that of the secre- tary and treasurer, and the amount to be paid for tuition. The secre- tary and treasurer are elected by the board, which has power to re- move any officer or employe connected with the University when in its judgment the good of the institution so requires. The board is author- ised to sell university lands, upon such terms as it shall prescribe, at any regular meeting or one called for that purpose. It may invest funds in manner as provided by section 2638 of the Code and i from time to time expend of the income of the university fund such portion as it may find expedient in the purchase of apparatus, library and a cabinet of natural history, and may provide suitable means to preserve and keep the same, and procure other necessary facilities for instruction. Code, sections 2609, 2635, 2638, 2639. Compensation. Regents of the university and trustees of the other educational institutions are allowed four dollars for each day actually and necessarily engaged in the performance of official duties not ex- ceeding thirty days in any one year, and mileage at the rate of five cents per mile. Claims for compensation and mileage must be itemized, showing the date of such service and the nature thereof and must be certified to by the president and secretary of the board. They must then be filed with the auditor of state, who shall compute the mileage due each claimant by the nearest travelled route from his home to the place of meeting, and shall enter such mileage upon the claim, and, if it be found to be in due form of law, the auditor shall draw his war- rant upon the treasurer of state for the amount of such attendance and mileage. No other or further compensation is allowed any member of the board, except, that the limitation of thirty days does not apply to the building committee, which shall not consist of more than three members. The compensation of the members of such committee is limited to sixty days attendance in any one year. Code, sections 12, 2617, 2618. Further as to regents and trustees of the state educational insti- tutions, see chapter twenty-one of the Code. Meetings. The regular meetings are held in January, April, June and September or October of each year. The governor may call special meetings when found expedient, or they may be called by the secretary of the board upon the written request of any three members thereof. Code, section 2635. Reports. On the first day of October preceding the meeting of the general assembly, the president of the university shall make a report to the board of regents, which shall exhibit the condition and progress of the institution, the different courses of study pursued, the branches taught, the means and methods of instruction adopted, the number of students, their names, classes, and residences, with such other mat- ters as he may regard important. The board of regents, on the fifteenth day of October in each odd-numbered year, shall make report to the governor, which report shall show the number of professors, tutors, and other officers, the compensation of each, the condition of the uni- versity fund, the income received therefrom, the amount of expendi- tures with the items thereof, and such other information and such recommendations as it shall regard important. Code, section 2641. Secretary of the Board of Regents. The secretary is elected by the board and holds his office at its pleasure. Section 2636 of the Code provides that he shall keep a record of the proceedings of the board- also of the university lands sold, when and to whom sold, the price and terms of sale, the portion of the purchase money paid, and date thereof, the amount due on each sale, from whom, how secured, and when payable, the lands remaining unsold, where situated, their appraised value, if appraised, if not, their estimated value, the per- manent fund of the university and how invested, the amount of each kind of bond, if any, with the date thereof and when due, the interest thereon and when and where payable, the amount of each note, if any, when made, to whom payable, how secured, the rate of interest, and when and where payable. All conveyances or other instruments, when made, shall be recorded in the manner above set forth, and he shall countersign and register all orders drawn upon the treasurer, keeping an accurate record thereof. He shall give bond in such sum as the board may require for the faithful discharge of his duties, with sureties to be approved by and filed with the secretary of state. The duties of the secretary are further defined by the action of the board. Most of the supplies are purchased through him. The printing is done through him. He receives bids for most of the pur- chases and contracts are made with the lowest responsible bidder. Bills for goods purchased are filed in his office. They are approved by the party who received them, show- ing that they were received, and the person that has ordered the purchase O. K.'s them as to being correct. The secretary re-foots the bills in his office, and stamps them showing the re-footing. The bills are then presented to the executive committee and each of them are gone over by each member of the committee and the finding is endorsed on the back thereof. It is also the practice of the president of the university and secretary of the board to run over the bills and if for any reason they think special attention should be called to any bill, it is laid aside and the attention of the executive committee is called to it. Accounts. The secretary keeps an account with the various de- partments of the institution. Each department is credited with the amount of money due from appropriations made as fixed and deter- mined by the board of regents at its meetings in June of each year. The account is charged from time to time with the amounts paid out for salaries and expenses. Balances are made every thirty days and right after the allowance and approval of bills by the executive committee. The balance book as kept by the secretary shows the exact condition of any department fund, at any time. Every warrant issued is receipted for by the party receiving it. University Funds. The university has eighteen different funds. They are: 1. Income fund. 2. Building tax fund. 3. Special land fund. 4. Medical building fund. 5. The Carr scholarship fund. -;:-;- 6. The Bryan prize fund. 7. The Lowden prize fund. 8. The repair and contingent fund. 9. The donated land fund. 10. Law Loan and Book Account. 11. Gymnasium and armory fund. 12. Natural science building fund. 13. Equipment and supply fund. 14. New medical buildings. 15. Paving and sidewalk fund. 16. Tunnel and extension fund. 17. Engineering building fund. 18. Dam and water power fund. Separate vouchers are drawn on the separate funds. Income Fund. iThe largest is the income fund. From this fund is paid the salaries and expenses of all the colleges. Last year (1904- 1905) the income for the support of the University from all sources, outside of what was expended for buildings, but counting repair and special appropriations for library and things of that kind was in the neighborhood of $270,000.00. (Judge Babb, Transcript, page 3.) "The amount of money that goes into the salaries is about 65 per cent of our total income fund; the amount of money that goes into fixed charges is 16 per cent. The rest represents library and depart- mental supplies." (McChesney, Transcript, page 64.) The board before making its appropriations for the year makes an estimate as to the income. "We estimate what our income will be for the entire year. We receive in the support fund from the state $185,000 We receive for repair and contingent fund 7,500 (These items are annual.) We receive from a special appropriation for the library. . 10,000 Tuitions, matriculation and diploma fees 50.000 Interest on permanent fund 11,750 Breakage deposits 250 Dental clinic fees 5,000 Rents and miscellaneous items 500 $270,500 This is an approximate statement of our income for the present year, 1904-1905." (McChesney, Transcript, 66-67.) Following is a statement of the total income of the University from all sources and for all purposes as furnished by Secretary McChesney, for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1904: From State Appropriations: Code, 1897, Sec. 2643, support $ 65,500.00 27th G. A., Ch. 142, Sect. 1, support 10.000.00 28th G. A., Ch. 152, Sect. 2, support 50,000.00 29th G. A., Ch. 183, Sect. 2, support 35,000.00 29th G. A., Ch. 183, Sect. 2, special fund 27,000.00 29th G. A., Ch. 171, Sect. 2, 1-5 mill, building tax 96,000.00 29th G. A., Ch. 183, Sect. 2, repair and contingent 5,000.00 29th G. A., Ch. 183, Sect. 2, equipment, new medical building 35,000 . 00 $323,500.00 Productive Funds: Building fund, material sold $ 80.64 Special land fund, material sold 798.03 Donated land fund, rents, etc 539.85 A. Whitney Carr free scholarship income fund 2,470.39 F. O. Lowden, oratory prize income fund 175 . 00 W. J. Bryan prize income fund 3.62 $4,067.53 From Miscellaneous Sources: Tuitions $50,836 . 75 Diploma fees 890 . 00 University hospital receipts 14,683 . 85 Homeopathic hospital receipts 5,365 . 30 Law loan book account 355 . 00 Rents 274.09 Laboratory deposits, net 287.58 Miscellaneous cash . 695.74 $91,369.65 The total cash receipts for 1903-1904, as itemized above amount to $418,937.18. Q. How will that compare with your receipts for the following biennial period? A. I would say that there will be a little increase. For instance, the last general assembly gave us $25,000 annual support fund. That is permanent. And they gave us $7,500 repair and contingent fund, in place of $5,000 before." (Transcript. 66-69.) A. Whitney Carr Fund. A. Whitney Carr is a resident of Jordan, New York. He is without heirs. He gave $50,000 to the University, to help deserving poor students, making the conditions. The gift was accepted by the board of regents and the executive council on behalf of the state, under provisions made in the Code. (Transcript, 67-68.) Interest on Permanent Funds. The item of ''interest on perman- ent funds" referred to in the foregoing statement, is the interest on a fund obtained by the sale of land granted to the University. The fund amounts to $235,000 in round numbers. Rent. We have, in round numbers, about 2,700 acres of land that is not sold, that explains the item of rent. Most of that is timber land, but we have some pieces that we receive rentals from. There is a 40-acre piece west of town in Johnson county. We receive $60 a year rent from that. (Transcript, 69.) Permanent Endowment Fund. This fund has been created by the sale of University lands and in round numbers amounts to $235,000. In making sales of lands the board of regents is governed by the law as found in section 2638 of the Code and which is as follows: "No sale of University lands shall be made, save upon the order of the board of regents, made at a regular meeting or one called for that purpose, and then in such manner and upon such terms as the board shall prescribe. No member of the board shall be directly or indirectly interested in the purchase of any of the lands, nor shall the secretary or treasurer or other officer of the institution. Any por- tion of the permanent endowment fund not otherwise invested, and any surplus income not immediately required for other purposes, may be invested by the treasurer, upon the order or direction of the board, in bonds of the United States or this state, or by note and mortgage on unincumbered real estate worth double the amount of the sum loaned after deducting the value of perishable improvements thereon, and hold the same either as a permanent fund or as an income to de- fray current expenses, as said board may direct, but in no event shall any part of the permanent fund be used to defray the ordinary expenses of the institution." This money is loaned at from 5 to 6 per cent. Same Treasurer. The treasurer, Lovel Swisher, has charge of this fund and the A. Whitney Carr fund of $50,000. He cashes all warrants. He rents all University lands. He passes upon abstracts and securities. He has given a personal bond in the amount of $150,- 000 and receives a salary of $800 a year. His salary was $1,400 but has been reduced to $800 within a year. The auditing committee makes examination of all the acts of the treasurer, his accounts, mortgages and abstracts. Judge Babb, says, that the loans are "gilt edged." "I have had occasion to examine several times in years gone by, and three months after the first of January every cent of interest had been paid up. We are a little more fortunate than a private individual. Our loans never outlaw. The statute of limitations does not run against the state, so that our loans once made continue as long as the party pays the interest promptly and it is well secured." (Transcript, 3, 12, 81.) Executive Committee. Section 2642 of the Code provides, that the board of regents shall appoint an executive committee, consisting of three of its members, which shall select one of its members as chair- man, which committee shall First Audit all claims against the University, Second The chairman shall draw all orders upon the treasurer for all claims allowed, which orders, being countersigned by the secre- tary of the University shall be paid, and Third A record of all matters involving the expenditure of money shall be kept by the secretary of the University, as secretary of the committee, and be submitted to the board of regents at each of its regular sessions. Auditing of Bills. All bills against the University have to be audited by the executive committee before they can be paid, and these bills are required to be filed with the secretary by the 15th of the month. The meetings of the committee are usually held from the 18th to the 25th of the month. (Transcript, 5.) Disbursements. The executive committee looks after the disburse- ments made from the appropriations allowed by the board to the sev- eral departments. The professors make a statement to the committee of what they want to purchase out of their appropriations and pur- chases are authorized by the committee. "Sometimes there are some technical matters connected with the department, for laboratory sup- plies, that the professor can order and purchase much better than the secretary of the board, but practically all the purchases are made through the secretary of the Board." (Judge Babb. Transcript, 6.) Other Duties. "There are a great many other questions that come before the board and the executive committee besides the bills and the disbursements of money. Different kinds of questions will come up, and they will be discussed by the board, and perhaps be referred to the executive committee, some details of them, or the board will adopt some general plan and the executive committee simply carry it out. In other words, the executive committee rarely initiates anything. If anything comes up that has not been planned by the board in the in- terim of the board, the executive committee simply refer that to the full board. If it is a matter which the board has acted on and we are ' to carry it out, of course we carry that out, and act on those matters that are incident to it." (Judge Babb, Transcript, 8.) Building Committee. The committee on buildings and grounds consists of Regents Babb, Holbrook, Abernathy and Wright. Erection of Buildings. "The manner of erecting buildings is this: "Of course, if tliey are built out of a special appropriation, the first thing is to get the appropriation, but if they are built out of the gen- eral building tax which the legislature has given to the University, the board of regents determine what building shall be erected, then where located. They then employ architects to get up the plan of the build- ing. Then after the plans and specifications are prepared, they ad- vertise for bids, and the work is always let to the lowest bidder. * * * Now when the contract is let for the superstructure, the superin- tendent of buildings and grounds, Mr. Ellsworth, superintends the con- struction. * * * When this work is let, it Is turned over to the building committee. The building committee meet once a month as a rule, * * * Sometimes we come oftener than once a month, but usually Ellsworth can manage anything that is here. He corresponds Tvith me about how things are going." (Judge Babb. Transcript, 22, 23.) Same Superintendent of Buildings and Grounds. The superin- tendent of buildings and grounds, Mr. G. H. Ellsworth, is a mechanic and civil engineer and receives a salary of $1,800 a year. For some years prior to his employment at the University, he was employed in such capacity at the University of Nebraska. He superintends the erec- tion of the new buildings, looks after the repairs of the old buildings, the building of walks, and such things. He has been in charge of this work for about three years. He drew the plans for the armory build- ing and superintended the construction of it. He is also the head jani- tor and has charge of the force of firemen and engineers. He takes the initiative in the matter of employing help. He confers with the president and they make recommendations to the board, which acts through the executive committee. The salaries to be paid are fixed and determined by the board. Janitors are paid $45 to $50 a month. In some of the buildings students are employed and are paid 15 cents an hour. Students performing labor register on the time clock, showing the time when they go on duty and the time when they leave. (Tran- script, 22, 23, 26. 86, 88.) Hall of Liberal Arts. "It was let to two different contractors. The foundation was let to one and the superstructure to another, in sepa- rate contracts. We will never do that again, because it makes a great deal of trouble. They quarreled as to where the foundation ended and the building commenced. Since that we have let everything to one contractor. The contractor furnished all the material." (Judge Babb, Transcript, 22.) "We let the contract for the liberal arts building before the rise in the price of steel and building material, which made a big difference. That is the reason the contractor went to pieces on it. He could prob- ably have gone through with it if prices had remained stationary, or if he had gotten all his material placed before the material went up; but he did not, and some of his sub-contractors went back on him and he could not carry it through. The real cost of that building, not what the University paid, but what the contractor expended, completed as it stands today, would be $225,000, while we got it at $200,000, count- ing the heating and all." (Judge Babb, Transcript, 35-36.) Science Building. Quoting from the record of the board of regents, June 13, 1904, page 128, the "Bids for the museum and science build- ing were opened and found to be as follows: Henry W. Schlueter, Chicago. For the south wing and central portion With Columbian fire proofing system $174,000 With Roebling fire proofing system 171, 000* With semi-porus tile fire proofing system 178,500 Addition for Adamant plaster, material to be mixed at factory 1,600 For the north wing With Columbian fire proofing system 68,000 With Roebling fire proofing system 67,550' With semi-porus tile fire proofing system 70,500 Additional for Adamant wall plaster as above 500 There were several bids, and they appear in full in that form on the records. James Rowson and Son had completed the liberal arts building after the original contractors failed. They also built the new- medical building, and were the lowest bidders for this science build- ing as well as for the gymnasium. Quoting from the record: 10 "Moved by Regent Wright that the bid of James Rowson and Son for the central portion and south wing be accepted, and that the mat- ter of the contract be referred to the building committee, said com- mittee to determine at the time the contract is made whether or not they shall use the Columbian system of fire proofing, the Mclntosh orna- mental iron, and Adamant plaster, and that the committee be author- ized also, if possible, to take an option, to expire not later than July 1, 1905, for the construction of the north wing under the bid made by James Rowson & Son at this time. Adopted." The building com- mittee made a contract with Rowson & Son for the central portion and south wing, and secured from them an option on the north wing. Then, later on. it was determined to move the science building, and we ac- cepted the option on the north wing, and made contract to cover the- entire building. (Judge Babb, Transcript, 24-25.) The following is a complete statement of the bids for the science building, as taken from the printed record of the board, of date June 13, 1904, as made by Henry W. Schleuter of Chicago, J. C. Robinson of Chicago, E. W. Nichols & Company of Des Moines, O. H. Olsen of Stillwater. Minnesota, Tri-City Construction Company of Davenport, James Rowson & Son of Iowa City, Butler Brothers of St. Paul, Min- nesota, and Marcus M. Hall of Cedar Rapids, Iowa. For the south wing and central portion Schleuter with Columbian fire proofing system $174,000 Robinson " 204,93fr Nichols & Co. " " " " " 214,700 Olsen " " " " " 196,711 Tri-City Co. " 187,000 Rowson & Son " " " " " 166,000 Butler Bros " " " " " 200,000- Hall " " " " " 207,999 Schleuter with Roebling fire proofing system 171.800 Robinson " " " " " 204,4.36- Olsen " " " " . " 196.711 Tri-City Co. " " 185,400 Rowson & Son " " " " 164,80fr Butler Bros. " " " " 198,000 Hall " " " " 207, 15 Schleuter with semi-porous tile fire proofing system 178,500- Robinson, with semi-porous tile fire proofing system 203,936 Olsen, with the trussed Concrete Steel Company's system... 196,711 Tri-City Co., with the St. Louis Expanded Metal Company's system 185,050* Rowson & Son, with the St. Louis Expanded Metal Company's system , 167,735 Rowson & Son, with the trussed Concrete Steel Company's system 178,000* Butler Bros., with semi-porous tile fire proofing system 209,000 Hall, with semi-porous tile fire proofing system 209.02? Schleuter, additional for Adamant plaster 1.600* ll Robinson " i' 000 Nichols & Co., Olsen i' 600 Tri-City Co., i' 800 Rowson & Son Butler Bros., " MOO Hall " " 925 For the north wing Schlueter, with Columbian fire proofing system 68,000 Robinson, " " 80,573 Nichols & Son, " 89.400 Olsen " 83,000 Tri-City Co., " 77,000 Rowson & Son " 66,300 Butler Bros " 85,000 Hall, " 85,382 Schleuter, with Roebling fire proofing system 67,550 Robinson, " 80,573 Olsen, " 82.550 Tri-City Co., " " " 76,350 Rowson & Son," 66,089 Butler Bros., " " " 85,000 Hall, 85,075 Schlueter, with semi-porous tile fire proofing system 70,500 Robinson, with semi-porous tile fire proofing system 79,673 Olsen, with trussed concrete steel company's system 83,000 Tri-City Co., with St. Louis Expanded Metal Company's system 76,340 Rowson & Son, with St. Louis Expanded Metal Company's system 66,58*6 Rowson & Son, with trussed concrete Steel Company's system 70,731 Butler Bros, with semi-porous tile fire proofing system 88,000 Hall, with semi-porous tile fire proofing system 88,345 Schleuter, additional for Adamant wall plaster 500 Robinson, " " " " " 500 Nichols & Son, " " " " " 450 Olsen, " " " " " 900 Tri-City Co., " " " " 800 Rowson & Son " " " " " 500 Butler Bros., " " " " " 300 Hall. " " " " " 475 Acceptance of Bids. "We have the architect make an estimate be- fore we adopt the plan. We have Mr. Ellsworth make an estimate of what that building is going to cost before we adopt the plans or call for bids and then we have the bids and their estimates, and we have past experience. Now, for instance, putting up this science building, if you followed the figures closely, you will see that the building is go- ing to cost more than the Hall of Liberal Arts, although it is the same 12 sized building, a building of the same material practically. But we let the contract for the liberal arts building before the rise in the price of steel and building material." (Babb. Transcript, 35.) Q. The contractor, in following specifications, I suppose has some range in the selection of materials? Mr. Ellsworth. In cement of course, he has to conform to the speci- fications. We do not specify the brand, but require certain tests, in brick similarly, certain things we have to specify so that he has na choice. If we specify Blue Medford stone or a certain kind of marble, he has to bid on that material. We incorporate in all our specifica- tions practically the American Society of Civil Engineer's specifica- tions for testing cement, and test on that basis. In the matter of hardware, my practice has been to exclude hard- ware from the general contract and to let that by the board on com- petitive bids. It is pretty difficult to put into a contract specifications- in hardware, specifications that will allow any competition. On the natural science building we mentioned the kind of hardware, that would be furnished by the University, and was to be put on by the- contractor. We have not taken any steps yet to let the hardware con- tract. Before we do we will have competitive bids, with samples ex- hibited. It is more satisfactory. It gets real competition. About the same thing applies to the plumbing fixtures, perhaps in a more marked degree. All of those things we handle in the same way. We furnish plumbing fixtures ourselves, and buy them on competitive bids, and the same is true on electric lighting fixtures. There are- other advantages in it. You know, when the general specifications are made they are generally made in a hurry; at the earliest stages things are not worked out, developed. A lot of things, if specified then, will not be what we find we want when we get nearer to the completion of the work. (Transcript, 37-38.) . . .Acceptance of Buildings. "When the building comes to completion, before the final payment, * * * there is a special inspection by the- architect, superintendent of grounds and buildings, building commit- tee, the secretary of the board, and me. The full board comes up and they make a tour of inspection and formally accept the building, mak- ing sometimes allowances, saying that here this is accepted as the- equivalent for that, and they make final adjustments and settlement." (President MacLean, Transcript, 63.) Coal Storage of. Contracts for coal, for year ending September, 1905, were awarded to the E. E. Pinney Company of Cedar Rapids, and to J. B. Frahm Company of Davenport. The E. E. Pinney Co. Oskaloosa, Iowa, mine run $2.61 Oskaloosa, Iowa, fancy sjteam 1.85 Oskaloosa, Iowa, lump for storage 2.80 The J. B. Frahm Co. Springfield, Ills., district, mine run. . . .$2.80 We have storage for 1,000 tons. Our coal bill in a year will run? from $11,000 to $15,000. (Transcript, 27-29.) 18 Supplies. In addition to what has already been said on this sub- ject, it appears that the board of regents requires that the head of a department, at the end of the fiscal year, in June, shall turn in to the secretary's office a list of all material he has in his department. Ac- cording to the rule of the regents, no man can draw his last month's salary until his inventory of University property is filed. The office supplies are kept in the secretary's office. Janitor and other supplies are kept in a store room in the basement of the old capitol building. All provisions for the University Hospital are purchased of wholesale grocers. (Transcript, 73-74.) Appropriations to Departments. In the early part of each year, the heads of the departments are called on by the president of the Uni- versity to make estimates of what they need for the different chairs and departments for the next year, and these reports of the different chairs and departments go into the hands of the deans of the respective col- leges. The deans and the president go over these reports. These re- quests sometimes double the amount which can be appropriated for the different chairs. They are gone over, scaled down by the deans and the president, tabulated, and are then presented at the April meeting of the board. The president at the same time makes a written report to the board, showing what the outlay has been in each of the depart- ments, and for what, during the past year, also what has been asked and what is recommended by him. The amount recommended gener- ally exceeds the amount the board has to appropriate. The board then makes allowances, having in mind the available fund to be approp- riated. (Transcript, 2-3.) Good System of Keeping Check on the Officers. Judge Babb: We have as we think a very good system of keeping check on the officers. It is easy enough to keep check on officers paying out money, because they cannot pay anything out except on an order authorized by the ex- ecutive committee of the board, and they have got to have the order signed by the chairman of the executive committee and the secretary of the board as a voucher for every cent they pay out. It is easy enough to keep check on what is received from the state treasurer, because that is fixed by law, and the amount per quarter is fixed, and requisitions have to be made on the state treasurer for every cent of money that is drawn from the state treasury, and those requisi- tions must check up with the treasurer's accounts as to what he re- ceives from the state treasurer. It is easy enough to check up the income from the endowment fund, the interest is paid up; the endowments on the notes and books show the payment of interest. The difficult thing was for some time to devise an efficient method of keeping check on the tuitions as paid in. They are now, this year, paid in to the secretary instead of the treasurer practically as agent of the treasurer, but it is paid into the secretary's office. Every student before he can register in the University, is required to bring to the registrar a receipt for his tuition. That receipt shows what he has paid in tuition. When he registers, the registrar enters on his regis- 14 tration card the date, and the amount he has paid for tuition. When the secretary receives tuition each day, he makes deposit with the treasurer, taking a treasurer's receipt. You can keep check on the amount he receives in tuitions by the registrar's card, and she knows it from the student, as when he registers he must show his receipt. There is no possibility of anything wrong unless there should be a col- lusion all around, a combination; and we could get at that, because the number of students in the University, and the number of free students would show very closely the amount of tuitions paid in. (Transcript, 12-13.) Tuition. Judge Babb: The Board of Regents fix the amount of tuition. The amount of tuition in the professional colleges is $50 a year, with a $10 matriculation fee, and in the col- lege of liberal arts $20 a year. There are a number of cases where students entering are exempted from paying tui- tion in the college of liberal arts, but not in the professional col- leges. There was one exception in the college of law. About fifty a year do not pay any tuition. Those matters come up before the execu- tive committee, and we exempt them, under the action of the board where they bring the proper certificate from the supervisor or two county officers. Our tuition is less than that of the denominational schools of the state. It is about the same as state universities of other states. They vary a little in each state, but it is about an average of what the fees are in the various state universities by which we are sur- rounded here, both in the professional schools and the college of lib- eral arts. Every student pays a matriculation fee of $10 in addition to the tuition. A diploma fee of $10 is also collected. (Transcript, 13-14.) President MacLean: In the universities of Michigan and Wiscon- son, they do not have a tuition system. They advertise practically that they are free institutions, but they have a series of fees that brings them in more than our tuition. The theory of the state universities far and near, is so far as the college of liberal arts is concerned, that they are free, but this fee system has grown up and has come to be a sort of substantial contribution to the income of the institution, dis- tributed among many, and it is pretty well established in the older state universities like Michigan and Wisconsin. On the contrary, the University of Kansas and the University of Missouri have absolutely free tuition. The tuition fee is free in the professional schools in Missouri as well as in the college of liberal arts, and it is the theory that is held largely by the directors in these state universities that we ought to approximate free tuition; that that is what we were founded for. The paying of some tuitions to prevent hasty registering, and to prevent an appearance of pauperizing, is considered desirable by quite a number of educators. At present, under the new law the tuition fees for a full course in the law department would be $170; $10 matriculation fee, $10 diploma $20, and then three years at $50 a year $150, $170. It would be the same in the College of Dentistry. The Colleges of Medicine have 15 a four years' course, so that the total would be $220. The College of Pharmacy has only a two years course, so the cost there would 1 In the Northwestern University College of Medicine They Charge a matriculation fee The annual tuition, payable in advance, is $150, making a total in four years of _< And the total cost of the entire course, in fees, is. .$605.00 Deposit fees of $10 are required in laboratory courses, as a pre- caution against breakage. In The College of Law The annual tuition fee, payable in advance, is $100 for three years * 300 - 0() In the School of Pharmacy Matriculation fee Tuition $40 per term of 14 weeks (course is completed in f< terms) .. 16(K(H Diploma fee 10 ' $175.00 In the Dental School The following is the schedule of fees: First Year. Matriculation fee $ 5 General ticket 100 . 0( Histological laboratory ticket 5.00 Dissecting fee 10-00 120.00 Second Year. Matriculation fee $ 5.00 General ticket 100.00 Histological laboratory ticket 5.00 Dissecting fee 10.00 120.00' Third Year. Matriculation fee $ 5.00 General ticket 100.00 Final examination fee 20.00 125 . Oft $365.00- Following is a statement of the tuition cost in the professional coJ. leges of the Universities of Michigan, Minnesota and Wisconsin: 16 University of Michigan. To To non- Residents. Residents. Department of Medicine Matriculation fee $ *10 . 00 $ 25.00 Annual tuition, residents $35; non-residents $45, total 140.00 180.00 Diploma fee 10.00 10.00 $160.00 $215.00 Department of Law. The same fees are charged as in the Col- lege of Medicine, and in addition a library fee of $2.00 a year, making the totals, for a three years course: To Residents $131.00 To non-residents . . 176 . 00 School of Pharmacy. The same fees are charged .as in the de- partment of medicine, making the total for two years: To residents $ 90.00 To non-residents 125 . 00 Department of Homeopathic Medicine. The same fees are charged as in the department of medicine. Department of Dental Surgery. The same fees are charged as in the department of medicine, and in addition there is a special charge of $3 a year for supplies. University of Minnesota. College of Law Matriculation fee $ 10 . 00 Tuition fee, $60 per year, total for three years 180.00 190.00 College of Medicine Tuition fee, $100 per year, total for four years 400.00 College of Homeopathic Medicine Tuition per annum for first two years,$100 $200.00 Tuition per annum for last two years, $80 160.00 360.00 College of Dentistry Tuition per annum for each of the four years, $100.. 400.00 College of Pharmacy Tuition, first year $ 75.00 Tuition, second year 90.00 165 . 00, University of Wisconsin. Course in Pharmacy To To non- Residents. Residents. Tuition, per semester, to residents, free; to non- residents, $20, for full course of four semesters free 80.00 Incidental fee per semester, $15, for full course of four semesters $ 60.00 60.00 $60.00 $140.00 17 II College of Law Tuition for first year $ 75.00 Tuition for second year 50.00 Tuition for third year 25.00 15K) . 00 (See Transcript, 70,76,80.) Interest on Deposits. The funds of the University on hand with the treasurer, are deposited in the First National Bank of Iowa City, and the bank has been paying 2 per cent on daily deposits since July 1, 1904. The average daily balance is about $50,000. Financial Statement. Financial report for the biennial period end- ing June 30, 1905, prepared by Secretary McChesney is set out on pages 562 to 612, of the report of the executive council. The said re- port shows: 1. Receipts and expenditures for last biennial period. 2. Receipts and disbursements for fiscal year ending June 30, 1904. 3. Receipts of income fund for year 1903-1904. 4. Disbursements from income fund for year 1903-1904. 5. Expenditures from income fund for year 1903-1904, on ac- count of College of Liberal Arts. 6. Expenditures from income fund, year 1903-4 College of Law. . 7. College of Medicine expenditures from income fund, year 1903-4. 8. College of Homeopathic Medicine, expenditures from income fund, year 1903-04. 9. College of Dentistry, expenditures from income fund, year 1903-4. 10. College of Pharmacy, expenditures from income fund, year 1903-04. 11. Library, expenditures from income fund, year 1903-4. 12. Summer session and Library School, expenditures from income fund, year 1903-4. 13. Administration, expenditures from income fund, year 1903-4. 14. University extension, expenditures from income fund, year 1903-4. 15. Fixed charges, expenditures from income fund, year 1903-4. 16. University Hospital account receipts and disbursements, 1903-4. 17. University Homeopathic Hospital account, receipts and dis- bursements, 1903-1904. 18. Dental clinics, receipts and disbursements, 1903-1904. 19. Law, loan and book account, receipts and disbursements, 1903- 1904. 20. Alumni book account, receipts and disbursements, 1903-1904. 21. Library tax fund, receipts and disbursements, 1903-1904. 22. Permanent Land Endowment fund, 1903-1904. 23. Donated Land Fund, receipts and disbursements, 1903-1904. 24. Special Land Fund, receipts and disbursements, 1903-1904. 25. One-tenth mill building tax fund, 1903-1904. 26. One-fifth mill building tax receipts and disbursements. 1903-4. 27. Natural Science Building Fund, receipts and disbursements, 1903-1904. 28. New Medical Building Fund, receipts and disbursements, 1903- 1904. 29. Equipment Fund, receipts and disbursements, 1903-4. 30. Repair and Contingent Fund, receipts and disbursements, 1903- 1904. I 18 31. A. Whitney Carr Free Scholarship Fund, 1903-1904. 32. A. Whitney Carr Free Scholarship Income Fund, 1903-1904. 33. F. O. Lowden Oratory Prize Fund, 1903-1904. 34. F. O. Lowden Oratory Income Fund, 1903-1904. 35. William Jennings Bryan Prize Fund, 1903-1904. 36. William Jennings Bryan Income Fund, 1903-1904. Then follows a like statement of accounts for the year 1904-1905, and additional. 37. Gymnasium and Armory Fund, receipts and disbursements, 1904-1905. 38. Engineering Building Fund, receipts and disbursements 1904-1905. 39. Tunnel and Extension Fund, receipts and disbursements, 1904-1905. 40. Paving and Sidewalk Fund, receipts and disbursements, 1904-1905. 41. Equipment and Supplies Fund, receipts and disbursements, 1904-1905. The committees of the board are: 1. Finance Committee. 2. Buildings. 3. College of Liberal Arts. 4. Legislation. 5. Colleges of Medicine and Homeopathic Medicine. 6. College of Law. 7. Library and Apparatus. 8. College of Dentistry. 9. College of Pharmacy. 10. Natural History Collections. 11. Hospitals. 12. Executive Committee. 13. Graduate College. 14. Salaries Committee. 15. Honorary Committee. 16. Auditing Committee. Further as to the officers of the board of regents and administra- tive officers, see any one of the many announcements of the University. Map of the Grounds. For a good map of the grounds of the Uni- versity, showing location of buildings and proposed buildings, see Ap- pendix A. University Management. President MacLean: The Board of Regents elects the president, professors and every employe of the in- stitution. The election is upon the initiative of the board through some committee of the Board that makes research, when a president is chosen. When professors are chosen, the president of the University and the dean of the college concerned, are a committee to recommend to the board of regents. The power of dismissal is with the board. We all exist absolutely at their pleasure, and there is no statutory pro- vision by which we may require even the thirty days notice. * * * The function of the board is to create the educational staff and the laboring staff, and that is their chiefest function, to make wise appoint- ments. Secondly, they administer these funds of the legislature by allotting, in accordance with the general appropriations you have set cut, the funds to the different colleges and different departments, and they are 19 recognized as the supreme authority in that matter. You saw yester- day that each professor and the president prepare a preliminary budget, but the board of regents does not feel itself at all bound by that budget, and makes and remakes it, consulting with the president and oftentimes with the officers concerned. The board next, having author- ized expenditures in considerable detail, through its executive com- mittee still further authorizes expenditures for individual departments, if there is the least variation from anything set out in the budget. Next, the board of regents is a board of audit. Every individ- ual bill is audited by the executive committee monthly. Then the full board by its auditing committee, audits every warrant that has been issued at least annually, and checks up with the treasurer, with the secretary's office, and with the registrar's office. The board of regents is, first, the appointive board, second, it is a complete financial board for authorization of expenditures under the acts of the legislature, and a board of audit. Educational Policies. Now, the third point in regard to the board of regents is that it is the board that determines ultimately the gen- eral policies of the institution; the educational policies are ultimately issued by the board of regents. The educational policies oftentimes originate with the individual faculties, almost always originate with the individual faculties and the president and the deans. We consider that this is the great work committed to us as educators. (President MacLean, Transcript, 50-52.) Revision of the Courses of Study. The faculty of the college of Liberal Arts has just revised the courses of study. They have brought them out from the old, four by nine, little college course of study into a university college course of study, .where, in short, we have groups of studies instead of courses, with certain principles, giving freedom of election to full sequences in studies that are cognate. The student does not have absolute freedom to hop, skip and jump, to elect snaps and things he fancies. But he enters and can immediately take up groups of studies that are going to lead, for example, to his specializa- tion in his upper years in political science and administration, or pol- itical science, economics, and commerce, etc., or philology, or the natural science, or the physical sciences. There are naturally about ten great groups of cognates in a modern university. This revision by which we do away with three courses of study, classical, philosophical and general scientific, brings your university up to date among modern universities, and makes them more distinct from the small colleges. (President MacLean, Transcript, 52.) The board of regents shapes the general policies by approving these matters of courses of study. * * * The moment, however, that the board of regents would arrogate to itself the initiation of courses of study, your institution would be in jeopardy. A board not engaged in the work of education, in that way, even with the best intentions, would become a source of danger. From time immemorial universi- ties have been jealous of what is known as academic freedom, and * * * the government of the university has rested in the faculties in 20 some form or other, for purposes of discipline and for purposes of educational policies. (President MacLean, Transcript, 53.) Courses of Study. For full information as to courses of study of- fered in the University, see announcements of each of the colleges and schools. They are: The College of Liberal Arts. The College of Law. The College of Medicine. The College of Homeopathic Medicine. The College of Dentistry. The College of Pharmacy. The Graduate College. "The College of Liberal Arts embraces: The School of Political and Social Science, which includes: A Course in Commerce. A Course in Administration. A Course in Modern History. A Course in Philanthropy. The School of Applied Science, which includes: The Civil Engineering Course. The Electrical Engineering Course. The Mechanical Engineering Course. The Municipal and Sanitary Engineering Course. The Mining Engineering Course. Groups of studies leading to the degrees of A. B. a-id B. S., and also of A. B. and LL. B., of B. S. and M. D. and o: B. S. and D. D. S. The College of Law embraces: A Three Years' Course. The College of Medicine embraces: A Four Years' Course. A Nurses' Training School. The College of Homeopathic Medicine embraces: A Four Years' Course. A Nurses' Training School. The College of Dentistry embraces: A Three Years' Course. A Dental Assistant's Course. The College of Pharmacy embraces: A Two Years' Course. The Graduate College embraces: Graduate Courses in Thirty Departments." Professors and Assistants Hours of Service. President MacLean: Every semester every head of a department makes returns on blanks for the purpose of showing the hours of scheduled service given by him and every one in his department. The blanks go into details, telling the room in which he is at work, the kind of work he is doing, whether lecture work or recitation room work, or seminary work, or office work, or reading papers, so that we are able at the end of each semes- ter and at the end of the year, to tabulate and know just how many hours of service and what kind of service we have from every one in the employ of the institution educationally, and I never knew an insti- tution with such complete returns in that particular. (Transcript, 82.) The following statement was submitted to the committee showing hours of service per week, given by each of the professors and assist- ants during the school year 1903-1904: of Students partments. mag pug $ :::::::::: S* : : : : g^ r^~- WIN 0* ... Jp^l . . . *QlO - . IS :::.:::::: g :::.::: lours per Week of Lecture Number or Recitation. in De mag $ST W<> :::::: : : : : : S^iSSS* 8 * 60 : : : : ::::** 5 :.:::: i ':: i Ct-l raes PS : : : : : :::::; ^ :::::::.:..: ~**~~. . ; ; . mag $BI N S WCO : : a | | | a ^^ aSSS^^c :? ' ': i? 5 ? :fc : : j S5 55 Hours per Week of Office or ] Laboratory. WI, \ "^^ :::::::::::: m x * S^^oo 2S2S2^SI2S^ W - meg pug ..:;;::::::: ^J! :::::::::::: ^ :::::::::::: K .OOCDSOC5OOJ*1O?CO*OO P i-H'*' o !Z5 mag (}8i \m ^^ ^23 iSSSfl a ~~ * " f r*"- 5 : S5 55 55 COaOCflOj5QCO5C3g*t- o ::.::;::::::::::::: ; S 1 : :' : \ \ : 1 : ' : : '. ': : ': ': : :' I : | |j::|:::|:V:i|:::::?! (Jyn ecology i mm 3 -S |-S .X.V.V.V.V:! .. Obstetrics & 5 li* " g'So" " " " a o a a, EJ aoH s : tf i fr II . "g ^HQQScQo-^lSO'tEaD ^WSSaDWoaca ffl Ot-N **> o 125 : - in ^dOft I 1 m nil Illl 111! f Students tment. raag pug *, t 8 S B S ss "* Number o in Depai mag %BI o* d 1 g ec 10 * - ^ us oo o o o i-l C4 C4 s - a Week of L Recitation. ra9g pug CN * ^_c CO, OO O ^l O C "I 0* 55 *~ K S ra9g ! " e m \M S* CO CO 10 M * 55 o> e* ** g X ^-* 90 wS . <- Sij A\ ^ 1 V 2 cr 3 ^ i i < ^ 2 1 lWL ^t ii 'UI9g pug a i" c S5 ^ JS2cf ; ^ |i ^ S ) cf s * *^ ftt- " 2 Hours Pei Li ui9g *BI s - as &K "o c 41 C Z * t ^ ^ i 3 ^ j 1 s ' j : : & ::'::::: c \ 1 g g :;:::.. . , : ! :: 1 j "Z . 143 - B C J ( 1 Chase FT all :: fcfc S^ ^-M- ^oiO'*^' 00 C fcfc fcfc ^5 mm o d Q^ ^lf5S 8ia# ll OQ st: S Q sfl &"" ^ || fi | uiag pug ctiag (8i 'TB^oi mag png s raag 8j 8 sb I! 'Ioi X 5!g ^ ^ raaQpag ui9B !>BI M hW il i 1-. 1$ I I sll I f! oo o oo <* n os fcfc aaa c 0c 111! S '- : : i ; , . . ; M M ! !l IS: III 27 nS P"3 nwg - t- II @ IliJ il i 1 if fe ^ d? QJ^^ e?H I T i 3 : i | i I : Pu tt : I 1 3 >3 EH * dap, 22 000 Q I Jo M l Hi IfiJS 80 o 5 o A A * ^SmS -.1*3 31 Num i 2 : a : :S S IO-T* looo co\f< o a> ** .-I W.-I r-\ (M ,-,_ \N meg P2 raag !*BI J. . . , 1 1= 4 1 s : X & t \\\ \\l\\ \\\ :': : ! : : i ; jj- ijllj j \\\ lljjj Hi :; M jj : a N ; liJ5J j sfe is Ij si i l II ll II I lii! I t>OQt>CB =: s Number of students in departments. uwg pag e!S : ^^ osa> <* c iSSH il as i i . F." ar all of Deatal, Freshmen and Juniors are also in this department. This adds three lecture and four laboratory classes. ' ean daily, six days per week . T afternoon except Saturday. " r the whole day in the German Library. " : : < 1 J >. jgooeo x;* gs il\ : : Hours per week of lecture or recitation. -mo, sIIsSS QO ^ pi 5 2S SS2SS S : : ; areg png oQsoooeocoeo " oo Odco oioioooio o : II! u,, 8W s s + m S ^^^ " : : . : Hours per week of office or laboratory . W oa, 22 2 ^ s .Kff.* a . ssss ^ s -- OB O NJ4 \M N ^t^ TH98 8i : f 000^*-* J ! flOj-OsaOS '.'.'.'. Q '. -'II : : : : : : : : a :::::::: Mathematics . '.'.'.'.'.'.'. Electrical and Engineer... : : : : :.:::::.: Hiitologj < i .. Law. . ^- 8 g j :":nnn1h::ih! ::::: : : * ' 'and on afternoons, M. W ' 'During second half of ye @ "2-5 P. M.' assumed torn S And ' 'a large parfc of eren % ' 'In the German library. ' ' ** "Mr. Wiehr spends nearly ||jj | o s - a I ^ . .1 la Illlg 1 feS-s|g8a|i gs PlIJ g gSlllS^o^ f^fr fSQDHt^M f 2 ^ajaDWaDt-jHsKoD Salaries of Teachers. The board at its April or June meetng before making appropriations for the respective departments, fix the salary of each professor and assistant professor and instructor in the Uni- versity. (Transcript, 5.) Question. How do the salaries in this institution compare with those at Michigan, for instance? Judge Babb: They are about $300 to $400 lower on the average. Probably six years ago I made inquiry of President Angell about the salaries they were paying, and their full professors were paid from $2,500 to $3,000. $2,700 was about the average. The highest that we pay in the college of liberal arts to any one is $2,400. We have paid higher in some of the professional colleges. The highest we pay is to the dean of the college of law, $4,000. We do not pay as high salaries in the college of medicine as in some other colleges. The dean only gets $1,200. In the medical college there are only a limited num- ber that give their whole time to the work. They practice outside, and they deliver their lectures here and hear their classes in the medical college, and practice in connection with it. About $1,100 or $1,200 is the average professor's salary in that college. There are men in the laboratories who give their whole time, who get about $1,800. Those who receive $2,400 in the college of liberal arts are Professor Mac- Bride, Dean Currier, and Professor Calvin. Professor Weld receives 2,300, $100 being compensation as dean of the graduate college. President MacLean: We are below Minnesota and Wisconsin, Mis- souri and Nebraska, when it comes to those salaries. (Transcript, 18.) Same. The following statistical table of salaries paid in the Uni- versity was presented by President MacLean and is to be found in the transcript at pages 20-21. Instructional Staff of the University, 1904-1905. College of Liberal Arts Salaries. Average. 32 Professors $1,200 $3,600 $1,912 (1 salary of $3,600; no others above $2,400.) 5 Assistant Professors 1,100 1,400 1,220 13 Instructors 600 1,100 854 5 Assistant Instructors 400 900 600 8 Assistants ... 75_ 750 293.75 College of Law 5 Professors 1,500 4,000 2,180 (Deans's salary, $4,000; no other above $2,300.) 1 Lecturer 500 50Q College of Medicine 10 Professors 500 _ 3)000 M6g (I salary of $3,000; no other above $2,200.) 5 Instructors 800 _ M00 96Q 2 Assistant Instructors gOO ftOO 34 2 Demonstrators 150 150 1 Assistant Demonstrator 50 50 1 Assistant in Surgery 1,250 1,250 9 Assistants 50 300 128 3 Lecturers 50 2QO 117 College of Homeopathic Medicine 5 Professors 750 1,200. 990 2 Assistants 800 1,200 950 1 Lecturer 50 50 College of Pharmacy 1 Professor 2,000 2,000 1 Instructor 700 700 Administrative Officers President 6,000 Secretary 1,800 Treasurer 800 Registrar 100 6 Assistants, clerks, etc 225 1,000 621 Other Employes (Salaries per month are set out.) 1 Engineer at power house 75 6-7 (Average number through the year.) Firemen at boiler plants 40 55 10 Janitors 30 55 30 Sweepers and scrubbers (on part time) 2 38 1 Night watchman 50 1 Watchman 39 1 Campus laborer 39 Same. Tabulation of salaries paid to members of the administra- tive and instructional staff of the University, 1904-1905, by amounts: $6,000 1, the President of the University. $4,000 1, the Dean of the College of Law. $3,600 1 Professor. $3,000 1 Professor. $2,400 3 Professors. $2,300 2 Professors. $2,200 8 Professors. $2,100 1 Professor. $2,000 4 Professors. $1,900 2 Professors. $1,800 5 Professors and 1 Secretary of the Board. $1,700 1 Professor. $1,650 1 Professor. $1,600 4 Professors. $1.500 5 Professors, and I Assistant Professor. $1,400 1 Professor. $1,300 2 Professors. ,$1,250 1 Assistant in Surgery. $1,200 7 Professors, 3 Assistant Professors, 1 Lecturer and Demonstrator. $1,100 5 Professors, I Assistant Professor, and 1 Instructor. $1,000 1 Assistant in Secretary's Office, 1 Acting Librarian, 7 Instructors, and 1 Demonstrator. $ 950 2 Professors. $ 900 1 Secretary to the President, 2 Instructors, 1 Assist- ant Instructor and Acting Dean of Women. $ 800 1 Treasurer, 6 Instructors and 2 Demonstrators. $ 750 1 Professor and I Assistant. $ 700 1 Executive Clerk, 1 Assistant, and 1 Instructor. $ 650 1 Storekeeper. $ 630 1 Cataloguer. $ gOO 1 Assistant Registrar, 2 Instructors, and 4 Assistant Instructors. $ 500 2 Professors, 1 Assistant Instructor, and 1 Clerk. $ 450 l Assistant in Library, 1 Stenographer, and 1 Attend- ant. $ 400 1 Assistant Cataloguer, 1 Assistant Instructor, and 1 Law Librarian. $ 300 4 Assistants and I Taxidermist. $ 250 1 Lecturer. (Transcript, Appendix A.) Teachers' Salaries. Question. Why were teachers' salaries increased so materially after 1900? Judge Babb: It comes from the fact that there are a great many more teachers than there were. There is very little increase in the salary. You take and compare the salary list, take any teacher and run through the records, the salary paid to an individual has been raised a very trifling sum, probably a couple of hundred dollars. Some of them of the lower class have been gradually raised from instructors to assistant professors and from assistant professors to professors. But the great increase has come from broadening and lengthening the courses of study in the different colleges. We went before the legis- lature when we first got a large increase in the support fund, which was probably five years ago this winter, with a definite promise of add- ing a number of different departments and broadening the work in certain lines. Now you take the medical course, we lengthened that from a three years course of six months to a four years course of nine months. Of course, in doing that, we provided for more work, more work by the same men, and additional work that had not been carried at all, that had to be done by new men. The law course was length- ened from two to three years. That required additional instruction. And the same way in the dental school, the course was lengthened there and additional work was added there, and in homeopathic medi- 36 cine and in the college of liberal arts. It would be a little more dif- ficult to detail in the college of liberal arts, but those of you who went through the liberal arts college this morning noticed that we are preparing to do and are entering upon quite important graduate work. That is distinctively the work of a University as distinguished from a college. There used to be years ago, and it has not all died out yet, a feeling that there was a rivalry between the State University and the denominational colleges. That feeling has largely died out. The work of the University is supplementing the work of the colleges of the state in affording a place in the development of work that the denominational colleges have not the means to do. It is not only the person that wants to read medicine, study law, practice dentistry or pharmacy, that goes to the University for training in his professional work; but a student wants to take advanced work in different fields of science or literature, and here, if he is to receive it in Iowa, is the place where he must receive it. And we have been trying to accomo- date that class of students and to do that class of work, which is true University work, as any university person knows. It is work that we are somewhat laggard in, as compared with some other universities, even in the West. Wisconsin is ahead of us, and Michigan, and we are clear behind the universities farther east in that work; and the con- sequence is that the better class of students have been migrating to th Eastern schools. Now we have broadened the course. You take it in what might be called administration political science social science and in that line of work, we have broadened the work because we thought there was a demand for it, and where there was a single chair of political economy or something of that kind, it has branched out into four or five different chairs. * * * We are developing lines of study along lines of finance and admin- istration and the higher studies for a man that wants to go into com- mercial life, just as all the progressive universities of the country are doing at this time. Wisconsin, Michigan, Chicago University, Minne- sota they are all developing these fields. We are tryng to keep pace with the best work at least in the Central West, if we cannot reach some of the older institutions in the East. And the same way in chem- istry, in botany, and in the various fields of natural science, we are trying to get better equipment and doing a higher grade of work, so as to carry the student as far as that subject will enable him to go anywhere. Now to do that has required additional instruction. More persons are required for that work, because when you branch out into these lines the classes get smaller, the work is more nearly individual work. Now, some of us were walking through the hall of liberal arts this morning. There was Professor Weld going through some experi- ments with one person, a young lady doing certain graduate work. He was working some experiments with her, doing that work for her. * * * It is a higher grade of work, it is original investigation, it is a class of work that is not done in any of the colleges of the state, but it is a work we have to do if we are going to become a great University, and if Iowa is going to build up a University of which she shall feel a 37 pride, in comparison with the other universities of the country. That is the theory on which the board and the faculty have worked for the last four or five or six years. We are developing the chair of English here. We have probably some six hundred students in English now. They are developing a department of English here that is build- ing up a reputation all over the country not confined to state lines, but it is getting a reputation beyond state lines, of doing the best work in English that is being done in any o'f the Universities around. That requires a great deal of work preparing papers, etc. It is largely lab- oratory work, as applied to English. We are building up a depart- ment of psychology under Professor Patrick and Professor Seashore that is the equal of any in the country anywhere. They are pursuing a great deal of original investigation, investigation which is very help- ful to the students, inspires them to a higher class of work, and is giv- ing the institution a reputation everywhere where the character of the work is known. So that will answer your inquiry. I am simply giving you an outline of where you will find the development. (Transcript, 15-17.) High School Inspector. Question. Is the inspection made care- fully in each of the high schools of the state? President MacLean: Systematically and carefully. We have blanks which are filled out by the inspector. Each one of these schools, as it becomes accredited, makes an annual return on its blanks. The Code (Sec. 2640) provides that the State University shall begin its instruc- tion where the high schools leave off. How can a university know where the high schools leave off? Either by examining individual students, or by going to the schools and inspecting them, and admitting graduates of inspected schools. The western system is to admit students from accredited schools. It is the Michigan system, the system in all the great states of the Middle West. Later it was dis- covered that we must have a closer relation with the schools, hence this visitation or inspection. It was implicit in the Code, it is a duty laid on the University, and it shows how the University is looked upon as a member of the public school system by the Code of Iowa. There are today in round numbers, 180 accredited schools on our list, schools that prepare fully for the State University. We have 59 schools on the partially accredited list. They do not prepare fully. They are three-year high schools for the most part. There is a gap there. It has been seen that it was the University's business to allow the boys of these three-year high schools to connect it was due to the small communities. This last year the regents made arrangements by which a graduate of a three-year high school may be admitted as an irregular or unclassified student, and he may enter upon such work as he is prepared for, and bring up his year later. (Transcript, 40-41.) Graduate Work Small Colleges. Another practical way the Uni- versity serves the people is in serving the colleges. This state is very strong in small colleges. We have been trying to get out of competi- tion with them. These colleges have bright students whom they want to send on for graduate work. They have young instructors and they have professors who want to brush up in their lines and they come to our graduate college at very little expense, as compared with going on to Chicago and East, and we have a large number of students who are entering from these small colleges. (President MacLean, Transcrip 4 ;. 41.) College of Medicine.- Another way in which we are serving the state practically is in our college of medicine. A great many of the poor people of this state come and get the best scientific treatment free, because if they will go into the clinic they will get it free. We now have an overflowing clinic and an overflowing hospital. That is practical. In the dental college we have between 9,000 and 10,000 patients annually. State Bacteriological Laboratory. The state bacteriological labora- tory which you gentlemen established here has already proved a great success. It has 600 sub-stations, where are deposited little flasks and little swabs, etc., so that if there is a case of diphtheria, if there is a case of typhoid fever, instantly the physician can take the sputum or the specimen, send it here by mail for examination, and by wire have a definite answer as to what the disease is. That, in turn, gives our students an opportunity to test these things practically, and gives you the cheapest kind of service in the state. And it gives an impulse to research work by not doing it theoretically and fancifully in the lab- oratory, but in the service of the people and practically. (President MacLean, Transcript, 41.) Difference Between a College and a University. There is a dis- tinct difference between a college and a university. The college chooses men who are called professors whose chief business is to im- part knowledge. They have stock knowledge. But a university has a higher type of professor. If the colleges of this state are going to send their graduates here instead of sending them to the Atlantic Sea- board or the University of Chicago or Northwestern, they require that our professors be more highly built up in knowledge, and be men who are doing research work, and publishing. They do not require that of the college professor. They want simply a good teacher, to impart stock knowledge. We want a man who is adding to the stock of knowl- edge, and teaching our students not simply by the impartation of stock knowledge, but teaching them how themselves to be the dis- coverers of knowledge, and how to apply old truths to the immediate problems, social and material, in the field of knowledge. We have to have men who have had their college education, their university edu- cation, who have travelled abroad, have been to the greatest masters of the world, and who must continually keep in touch with the growing tips of knowledge. The Northwestern University is doing that kind of work. (Presi- dent MacLean, Transcript, 43-44.) Expansion in the Last Five Years. It has been estimated that it would take a single person 99 years to pass all the courses offered in the University. For expansion in the last five years see the number of courses of study in photograph of diagram shown the last legislature. Following is a copy of the diagram referred to: College*. Departments. Cour- ses. " 1 Archaeology 2 Astronomy 18 4 5 1ST ATE UNIVEBS'TY OF IOWA. 1902-'03. 1 3 4 5 6 T 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 Graduate Dentistry 36 months Law 27 months Medicine 36 months Univ. Hospital School for Nurses Horn. Medicine 3fi months Horn. Bospital School and Nurses Liberal Arts Pharmacy 18 months School Applied Sciences 38 months Univ. Extension School Pol. and Soc. Science 36 months Summer Session 6 weeks Library School 3 Botany 4 Chemistry 5 Civil Engineering 6 Electrical Engineering 7 Education 8 English 9 French 10 Greek 11 German 12 Geology 18 History 14 Italian < 16 Latin 18 Morphology 17 Mathematics 18 Mining Engineering 19 Mining & Metallurgy 20 Military Science 21 Philosophy 22 Physics 23 Political Science 24 Public Speaking 26 Sociology 26 Scandinavian 27 Spanish 18 10 12 16 20 16 18 8 16 6 2 24 16 18 6 6 13 20 20 18 20 18 2 8 6 14 6 6 26 8 12 8 12 14 14 2 6 10 14 28 Sanskrit 4 ^20 Z^olosrv 10 4 The right hand column under "Courses" shows the 170 courses of- fered in the college of liberal arts in 1893-1894, the left hand column shows the 358 additional courses added up to and including 1902-1903, making a total of 528 courses in 1902-1903. The diagram suggests the whole story. The greater facts are the establishment of the grad- uate college in 1900, developed to an attendance of above 180 last year, the organization of the school of applied science in 1903, with a freshman enrollment multiplied by three this year; the opening of new departments like public speaking, mechanical engineering, etc.; the increase of the teaching staff in practically every department; the bringing up of the equipment all along the line; the raising of the standards of admission, of supervision, of instruction, of time for grad- uation, always the university as over against the college ideal has been applied. We have sought the best. The last two sentences will be our guides for the future of which you ask. The co-ordination of the edu- cational forces of the state, with the university as the servant of all, and the service of the highest civilization of the state in every practical way in which science can be applied to humanity is within the scope of the University's charter and future. (President MacLean, Tran- script, 81.) Work in the College of Liberal Arts. I think you 'will find that the work in the college of liberal arts falls into three quite diverse groups. The language and letters men do their work largely by lectures, recitations and text books. The material science men do theirs largely through laboratories and experiments. The political science men, history men, do their work by lectures and recitation and parallel readings, through a hundred and one books and papers that are presented. The department of English has almost become a group by itself. To teach PJuglish by the modern, or laboratory method, each student pre- pares themes very frequently. These themes are corrected with red ink, and then the student sits down with the theme reader to have the benefit of oral criticism, and that is called the laboratory method. So there will be different kinds of hours appearing on the schedule sub- mitted, and unless these explanations are made, great injustice, for example, would be done to, we will say, a man in letters and languages. We will say that he meets classes twelve or fifteen hours a week, and then he has his office hours, and then some hours, perhaps, for theme readers. He does not make what looks like a heavy return of work. The man in natural sciences is scheduled from eight to twelve and from one to five, and his total for the week will be apparently thirty to forty hours, and the casual observer will say that that professor is do- ing the state full justice, and the other is loafing. (President MacLean, Transcript, 83.) Iowa Students in Other Universities. There were 1,900 students last year out of this state in the leading universities of this country. (Transcript, 46.) The Board of Control. The Board of Control visits us once in two years, in advance of the meeting of the legislature. The full board gen- erally comes and spends several days here. They go to the secretary's office and check up or audit the accounts, look over the minutes of the board of regents from the time of their last visitation to that date, look into all the accounts, call for the original vouchers, and make ap- parently a thoroughgoing investigation as to our keeping of accounts, management of funds, and our expenditures. They then make their recommendations in their report to you. (President MacLean, Tran- script, 50.) Investigation by Board of Control. "In addition to the powers heretofore mentioned to be exercised by the Board of Control, the said board shall investigate thoroughly the reports and doings of the regents of the State University, and the trustees of the State Normal School, and the State College of Agriculture and Mechanic Arts and the books and records of said institutions, for the purpose of ascertain- ing: (1.) Whether the persons holding positions have faithfully ac- counted for all moneys of the state which have been drawn from the state treasury or have come into their hands otherwise. (2.) If appropriations have been drawn from the state treasury In accordance with law and so expended. (3.) Whether such persons have drawn money for services per diem, mileage or expenses, or otherwise, not authorized by law, or have authorized expenditures without authority of law." Code Supplement, Sec. 2727-a53. Same Power to Subpoena and Examine Witnesses. "The said board shall have power to visit the educational institutions, subpoena and examine witnesses and enforce attendance, and to require the production of books, records, papers and memoranda." 41 Code Supplement, Sec. 2727 a54. Same Examination of Contracts. "It shall be the duty of said board to investigate the manner in which all contracts for the educa- tional institutions have been let, and to ascertain whether or not the matters in charge of such officials are conducted in an economical and business like manner; and to report the result of such investigation to the governor with the other reports to be filed with that officer." Code Supplement, Sec. 2727 a55. Same Estimates of Costs of Improvements. "And when any one of the three last above named educational institutions shall ask ap- propriations for any building or betterments, said institution or insti- tutions shall first have prepared- by the architect provided for in this act estimates of the cost, plans and specifications of said buildings or betterments, and submit the same to the following general assembly." Code Supplement, Sec. 2727 a56. TABULATION OF METHODS OP ADMINISTERING UNIVERSITIES OF THIRTY STATES. 1902. Twenty-nine out of the thirty universities tabulated have adminis- trative boards, called regents, trustees, curators, etc., which adminis- ter all the" affairs of their respective universities. Twelve of these boards are appointed those of Alabama, Cali- fornia, Georgia, Idaho, Kansas, Minnesota, North Dakota, Ohio, Utah, Washington, Wisconsin and Wyoming. Four of these boards are elected by the people those of Colorado, Illinois, Michigan and Nebraska. In Indiana three trustees are chosen by the alumni of the Uni- versity and five by the State Board of Education. In Iowa the regents are chosen by the legislature for six-year terms. In New York the regents are chosen by the legislature for life terms. Definite information concerning methods of election in the other states was not available. In fourteen states, Alabama, Arkansas, California, Georgia, Illi- nois, Iowa, Minnesota, Mississippi, New Mexico, New York, Ohio, Okla- homa, Tennessee, Vermont, governors are members of boards, ex- officiis. In eleven states, Alabama, California, Illinois, Iowa Minnesota, Mississippi, New Mexico, New York, Tennessee, Wisconsin, Wyoming, superintendents of public instruction are members of boards, ex-of- ficiis. In eight states. Colorado, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota. Utah, Vermont, Wisconsin, Wyoming, the presidents of state universities are members of boards, ex-officiis. Other ex-officiis members, varying in different states, are such of- ficers as lieutenant-governors, speakers of houses, and presidents of boards of agriculture. In none of these thirty states is found a university acting under 42 on^ Board of Financial Control and another Board of Educational Con- trol. In every instance the board of regents or trustees administers the university, both as to finances and educational matters. Alabama Board of twelve trustees. The governor and superin- tendent of public instruction are trustees, ex-officiis. Ten members "by appointment." Term, 6 years; J of board elected every 2 years. Arkansas Board of seven trustees. Governor is president of board, ex-officio. California Board of twenty-three regents. The governor, lieuten- ant-governor, speaker of the assembly, state superintendent of public instruction, president state agricultural society, president Mechanics' Institute of San Francisco and president of the university, are members ex-officiis. Sixteen other members of the board are appointed by the governor, with approval of the senate. Colorado Board of seven regents. President of university mem- ber and president of board, ex-officio. Six members elected by the peo- ple. Term, six years & of board elected every two years. Georgia Board of twenty-one trustees. Governor is president of board, ex-officio. The president of board of trustees' of School of Tech- nology, president board of commissioners, Georgia Normal and Indus- trial College, and President of board of Commissioners, Industrial Col- lege for Colored Youths (these institutions being parts of the Uni- versity of Georgia) are members of board, ex-officiis. Seventeen mem- bers are appointed by the governor, with approval of the senate, being one from each congressional district, four from the state at large, and two from Athens, Georgia. The university has departments at six different places in Georgia, the larger part being at Athens. "The immediate control and manage- ment of each of the departments of the university situated elsewhere than at Athens is entrusted (subject to general control of the Uni- versity trustees) to a "Local Board" of trustees or a "Commission," the number of members, mode of appointment, and terms of office of which vary." Idaho Board of five regents, appointed by the governor. Term, six years; one-third elected every two years. Illinois Board of twelve trustees. The governor, president of state board of agriculture, and superintendent of public instruction, are members of board, ex-officiis. Nine members are elected by people. Indiana Board of eight trustees. Three are chosen by alumni of the university, and five by the state board of education, which is com- posed of "the governor, state superintendent of public instruction, the president of the State University, the president of Purdue University, the president of the State Normal School, the superintendent of com- mon schools of the three largest cities in the state, and three citizens of prominence actively engaged in educational work in the state, ap- pointed by the governor, at least one of whom shall be a county super- intendent, none of whom shall be appointed from any county in which any other member of the state board of education resides, or from which any other member was appointed." Term, three years; one- third of board chosen every year. I 0wa Board of regents. Governor and superintendent of public instruction members, ex-omciis. The legislature elects the other eleven members, one from each congressional district. Term, six years; one-third of board chosen every two years. Kansas Board of seven regents. The chancellor of university is member of board, ex-officio. Six members are appointed by the gov- ernor, with approval of the senate. Term, four years; one-half ap- pointed every two years. Michigan Board of nine regents. The president of the universi is president of board of regents, ex-officio. Eight members are elected by the people. Term, eight years; one-fourth of board elected every two years. Minnesota Board of thirteen regents. President of University, governor, and superintendent of public instruction are members, ex- officiis. Ten members are appointed by the governor, with concurrence of senate. Term, six years; one-third of board appointed every two years. Mississippi Board of seventeen trustees. Governor and superin- tendent of public instruction are members of board, ex-officiis. There is one member from each congressional district, and there are nine from the state at large. Missouri Board of nine curators. Term, six years; one-third of board chosen every two years. Nebraska Board of six regents, chosen by the people. Term, six years; one-third of board chosen every two years. New Mexico Board of seven regents; the governor and superin- tendent of public instruction, ex-officiis, and five other members. New York Board of twenty-three regents. The governor, lieuten- ane-governor, secretary of state, and superintendent of public instruc- tion, are members ex-officiis. Nineteen members are chosen by th legislature for life. North Dakota Board of five trustees, appointed by the governor, the senate concurring. Term, four years; one-half of board appointed every two years. Ohio Ohio State University at Columbus. Board of seven trustees appointed by the governor, the senate concurring. Term, seven years. Ohio University at Athens. Board of twenty-one trustees. The governor is president of board, ex-officio. Twenty members "are ap- pointed by state authority." Oklahoma Board of six regents. Governor is member, ex-officio. Five other members. Oregon Board of nine regents. South Dakota Educational institutions, including university, under control of "regents of education," five in number. Tennessee Board of thirty-three trustees. Governor, secretary of state, and superintendent of public instruction, are members of board, ex-officiis. Thirty members are "chosen from the different congres- 44 sional districts of the state, who serve for life, or until removal from the state, or resignation." Utah-=-Board of regents. Chancellor of university is member, ex- officio. Eight members are appointed by the governor. Term, two years. Vermont Board of twenty trustees. The president of the university and governor of the state are members, ex-officiis. There are nine trustees "on the part of the University of Vermont," and nine "on the part of the Vermont Agricultural College." The terms of the latter are six years, one-third of them being chosen every two years. The University of Vermont was established in 1791, receiving lands, moneys, etc., at that time and subsequently. The Vermont Agricultural Col- lege was established in 1862, receiving certain lands from the United States. By an act approved Nov. 6, 1865, the two were incorporated into one institution by the name of "The University of Vermont and State Agricultural College." "This corporation is invested with the property, rights, powers and privileges which belonged to both or either of the corporations so combined, and 'shall be and remain a body corporate forever, for the purpose of carrying out the objects contemplated in the respective charters.' ' "Sec. II of the Charter provides that, for the purpose of receiving property by gift, grant, be- quest, or otherwise, and for certain other purposes therein specified, each of the original corporations shall be deemed and treated as hav- ing continued in life." Virginia Board of nine visitors. Washington Board of seven regents, appointed by the governor, with concurrence of senate. Term, six years. The terms of part of the board expire. every year. West Virginia Board of nine regents. Wisconsin Board of fifteen regents. The president of the uni- versity and the state superintendent are members, ex-omciis. Thirteen members of the board are appointed by the governor, two from the state at large, and one from each congressional district. Term, three years. Wyoming Board of eleven trustees. President of university and state superintendent of public instruction are members, ex-omciis. Nine members are appointed by the governor, with concurrence of senate. Term, six years; one-third of board appointed every two years. Statement concerning the governing board of the University of Maine, made by President George E. Fellows of that university, March 27, 1905, in a letter to President MacLean. g g g aasg|^| j-itH Cfcl Jlilll :S : ... 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July 1, 1898 Paid Proudfoot & Bird, on account of plans, Liberal Arts building $1,000 . 00 April 28, 1899 Paid Proudfoot & Bird, on account of plans, Liberal Arts building 2,000 . 00 April 17, 1900 Paid Proudfoot & Bird, on account of plans, Liberal Arts building 200.00 October 25, 1900 Paid Proudfoot & Bird, account Liberal Arts building and power house 1,500.00 November 1, 1901 Paid Proudfoot & Bird, account Liberal Arts building 1,500 .00 October 3, 1902 Paid Proudfoot & Bird, balance on plans, Liberal Arts building 56'9 . 00 Medical Laboratory and Anatomy Buildings. October 3, 1902 Paid Proudfoot & Bird, on account $2,000.60 December 19, 1902 Paid Proudfoot & Bird, on account. ... 1,000.00 March 19, 1903 Paid Proudfoot & Bird, on account. ..... 400.00 February 16, 1904 Paid Proudfoot & Bird, on account. . . . 600.00 December 16, 1904, Proudfoot & Bird, balance 362.00 Natural Science Building. February 16, 1904 Proudfoot & Bird, on account $ 400.00 " June 23, 1904 Paid Proudfoot & Bird, on account 3,000.00 October L'S, 1904 Paid Proudfoot & Bird, on account.... 1,200.00 Fiiriiiture for Medical Laboratory and Anatomy Buildings. January 25, 1905 Paid Proudfoot & Bird, plans and specifi- cations $ 360.00 Engineering Building. April 13, 1905 Paid Proudfoot & Bird, on account $1,000.00 Pay roll of persons employed by the University during the year 1904-1905, not included within the administrative and instructional staff: G. H. Ellsworth, superintendent of construction and maintenance and of grounds and build- ings, paid from building tax, medical build- ings, and natural science building funds $1,800.00 D. S. Welch, assistant to superintendent, at $60 a month, paid from building tax fund 720.00 74 Janitor's Pay Roll. Wm. Barry, general janitor, J pay for July, 1904. Ellsworth Bright, janitor old capitol, Sept., 1904, to June, 1905, inclusive at $45 450 . 0( Robert Howe, janitor, Liberal Arts Bldg., July, 1904, at $37.50 O. D. Lonstreth, janitor, Liberal Arts, 26 J days, Aug., 1904, at $1.75 J. P. Jenks, janitor, Liberal Arts, about Sept. 20, 1904, to June 30, 1905, at $50 W. H. Vermillion, janitor, Dental Building, Sept. 1, 1904, to June 2, 1905, at $50 454.00 B. M. Kingsbury, janitor, Dental Bulding, 24 days in June, 1905, at $50- a month Ellen Hennessey, janitor, Dental Bldg., Sept. 1904, to June, 1905, inclusive, at $25 250.00 Irene Hennessey, janitor service, Dental Bldg., Sept., 1904, to June, 1905, at $5 a month. . . 50.00 Henry Flannery, janitor, Medical Bldg., 1 months, July and August, 1904, at $40 65.00 Aleck Story, janitor, Anatomy Building, Sept., to June, at $55 550.00 Dan O'Donnell, janitor, Anatomy Bldg., Sept. to June, at $40 400.00 Chris Larsen, janitor, Medical Laboratory Bldg., Sept. 11, to June 30, at $45 433.50 Frank Rebal, janitor, University Hospital, 3 months, 4 days at $30 94.00 Assistant janitor, Liberal Arts Bldg, by the hour, night work, during the year 225.94 319.94 Chas. Rogers, Janitor, University Hospital, 4 months, 29 days, October to February, at $30 149.00 Ed. Depew, janitor, University Hospital, 2 days in March, at $30 a month 2.50 O. J. Gowey, janitor, University Hospital, 3 months, 29 days, March to June, at $30 118 . 00 Joe Bywater, janitor, Homeopathic Hospital, July and Aug., 1904, at $30 60.00 Albert Marsh, janitor, Homeopathic Hospital, Sept. to April, at $30 240.00 Stephen Jacob, janitor, Homeopathic Hospital, May and June, at $30 60.00 John C. Miller, janitor, Chemical Laboratory, July and August, at $35 70.00 Edward Blake, janitor, Chemical Laboratory, Sept. to June, at $45 450 . 00 Jacob T. Seitsinger, Janitor, Armory, 4 months, 2 days, February to June, at $50 203 . 33 Tf John S. Rossler, bath room attendant, 4 months, 2 days, Feb. to June, at $50 203.33 Mrs. M. Reese, janitor, Women's Gymnasium, Nov. 18 to June 30, at $30 222.00 E. A. Green, janitor, Physics Bldg., 8 9-10 month, October to June, at $25 222.50 James Barry, night watch, 3 months; watchman, Athletic Field, 9 months, at $39 468.00 Frank Flood, night watch, July, Aug., Sept, 1904, at $37.50 112.50 Oscar Hostetler, night watchman, Oct. 1 to March 15, at $50 275.00 Jas. Lodge, night watchman, 3 months, 21 days, March to June, at $50 184.76 Charles Klema, general helper, at $39 through the year 468.00 Jas. Klema, labor caring for east campus, July, August, and September, 1904, at $45 135.00 Mary A. Churchill, scrub woman, Science Bldg., 10 months, at $18 180.00 Washing towels 26.33 206.33 Kate Katzenmeyer, scrub woman, pharmacy labor- atory, 10 J months at $18 189.00 Mary A. Hulzhauser, scrub woman, Science Bldg., 7 months, 12 days at $18 a month 133.20 Lydia A. Rogers, scrub woman, old Capitol and museum, 1 month at $18 18.00 Washing towels 2.22 20.22 Lizzie Budrow, scrub woman, Liberal Arts -Bldg., and Old Capitol, 2 months at $18 36.00 Assistant janitor by the hour 7.05 43.05 Kate Bartlak, scrub woman, Liberal Arts Bldg., 1 month at $18 18.00 Assistant janitor by the hour 7.95 25.95 Ella Leek, scrub woman, Liberal Arts Bldg., 1 month at $18 18 . 00 The following persons largely students were employed as assist- ant janitors and paid at the rate of 15 cents an hour. A few were employed in cleaning the buildings during the summer vacation, at $1.75 a day and C. W. Wassam was paid $2.50 a day for superintend- ing the summer cleaning. N. D. Wells $ 4674 C. H. A. Stelling 88^3 John J. Ryan . . 121 84 Bruce Ensley ..........':. i." .'I.'.' .' .' .' 57.'l5 Purley Rinker 66.53 M 76 J. Robert Wright 112.88 R. J. Joynt 22.35 H. A. Brandt 40.46 F. P. Nordeck 2.04 Harry Baum 27.35 O. R. Gregg 45 C. A. Manahan 10.i3 H. B. Dice 11.18 Albert Meade 23.95 Ray Files 52.55 Wm. Brinton 51.60 C. E. Burton 24.50 C. W. Wassam 78.50 Fletcher Meade 40.50 S. M. Savage * 5.25 C. M. Tierney 66.50 Wm. Klema 7.11 H. D. Repass 72.08 C. A. Randall 97.05 W. S. Randall 75.45 Lensen Moeller 64.28 B. J. Winterberg 102.51 Herbert H. Hoar 94.21 Louisa Sebek 174.91 W. R. Bosworth 84.08 George Brown 142.79 Stella Sebek 175.66 Ella Leek 13.95 D. A. Lewis 13.20 F. R. Hoar ' 23.41 F. Vasku 23.37 A. E. Miller 4.65 S. E. Felt 4.13 E. E. Rorick 2.25 E. W. B. Mark 20.13 H. S. Kacherian 54.00 E. E. Page 33.83 R. F. Sackett 44.56 R. A. Kelley 27.91 H. Stelling 8.70 J. A. Ferguson 6.75 R. R. Randall 33.75 C. R. Harken 14.71 L. A. Canfield 18.45 E. L. Kauffman, labor at $2 a day 12.00 Frank Russell, labor at $2 a day 4.00 (James Russell, labor at $2 a day 10.00 Honorah O'Connell,, washing 39.34 Hummer Mercantile Co., supplies 7.26 77 Firemen's Pay Boll. H. Pennenbacker, engineer at power house, at $75 a month. . $900.00 W. T. Johnson, fireman at power house at $55 a month 660.00 G'A' Walker, fireman at power house, September, 1904, to June 1, 1905, 10 months at $50 500.00 Pat Burke, fireman at power house, 6 months, 10 days, between September and May, at $50 a month 318.67 Joe A Jenks, fireman at power house, October and November, 1904, at $50 100.00 Joe Kendall, fireman at power house, December to June, 7 months, at $45 ' 315.00 P. Fowler, fireman at power house, 4 months, 4 days, between November, 1904, and April, 1905, at $45 188.00 Joe Erb, fireman at power house, Dec. 15, 1904, to March 4, 1905, 2 months, 19 days, at $45 118.50 James Klema, fireman, Chemical Laboratory and Homeopathic Hospital, October, 1904, to June, 1905, 9 months at $45. . 405.00 Harry Klema, fireman, Chemical Laboratory and Homeopathic Hospital, Oct. 29, 1904, to March 31, 1905, 5 months, 2 days, at $40 204.00 Win. Baughman, fireman at University Hospital, Sept. 11, 1904, to May, 31, 1905, 8 months, at $45 390.00 Frank Flood, fireman, University Hospital, October, 1904, to June, 1905, 9 months, at $40 360.00 George Klema, extra fireman at Chemical Laboratory and Homeopathic Hospital, 4 nights at $2, $8.00; labor at boiler house, $6.00 14.00 Herman Bogs, labor in boiler house in January, 1905 8.89 University Hospital Pay Roll. Antonia Epeneter, superintendent, July, at $50 $ 50.00 Bertha Wilkinson, superintendent, August, 1904, to June, 1905, 3 months at $60, 8 months at $65 700.00 Lola Douglas, matron, July, 1904, at $30 30.00 Bertha B. Quaintance, matron, August and 5 days in Septem- ber, at $45 54.00 Jeanne Loizeaux, matron, September 26, 1904, to May 31, 1905, 8 months plus, at $20 163.32 Anna Slater, matron, June, 1905, at $30 30.00 Marian Fidlar, head nurse, October 22, 1904, to June 30, 1905, ,8 months plus, at $40 324.30 Candace Somes, 3d year nurse, 2i months, at $10 25.00 Nancy Leseuer, 3d year nurse, 2 months, 8 days, at $10 22.55 Sarah Mahood, 3d year nurse, 7 J months, at $10 75.00 Lutie De Garmo, 3d year nurse, 8* months at $10 82.50 Pearl Millard, 2 d year nurse, 2 months, at $8; 3d year nurse, 10 months, at $10 116.00 Margaret Erickson, 2d year nurse, 5 months, at $8; 3d year 78 nurse, 7 months, at $10 110.00 Regina Rooney, 2d year nurse, 8 months, at $8; 3d year nurse, 4 months, at $10 104.00 Leta Lins, 2d year nurse, 9 months, at $8; 3d year nurse, 3 months, at $10 102.00 Laura Everett (Natson), 1st year nurse, 2 months, at $5 10.00 Rena Myers, 1st year nurse, 2 months, at $5; 2d year nurse, 9 months, at $8; 1 month, at $7 89.00 Mae Robertson, 1st year nurse, 4 months, at $5; 2d year nurse, 7 months, at $8; 1 month, at $7 83.00 Troutti Horton, 1st year nurse, 6| month, at $5 32.50 Isabel Broadie, 1st year nurse, 7 months (from June, 1 to Dec. 31, 1904), at $5; 2d year nurse, 5 months, at $8; 1 month, at $7 82.00 Note. A "1st year" nurse is one in the first year of her course in the nurses' training school; a "2d year" nurse, one in the second year; and a "3d year" nurse, one in the third year. The rate of pay for 2d year nurses was changed June 1, 1905, from $8 a month to $7 a month. Bertha Seeds, 1st year nurse, 9| months, plus, at $5 47.84 Mary Rjish, 1st year nurse, November 3, 1904, to June 30, 1905, at $5 39.67 Mary Hamilton, 1st year nurse, 8 months, at $5 40.00 Marie Murdock, 1st year nurse, 7| months, at $5 37.50 Agnes Metcalf, 1st year nurse, November 19, 1904, to June 30, 1905, at $5 a month . .^ 36.82 Dolorosa Everett, 1st year nurse, 51 months, at $5 28.75 Ida Miller, 1st year nurse, 4 months, plus, at $5 20.17 Jennie Switzer, 1st year nurse, 3 J months, at $5 17.50 Edna Curtis, 1st year nurse, 3| months, at $5 17.50 Osabel Coe, 1st year nurse, 21 months, at $5 . . . . ; 13.75 Lola Lauer, 1st year nurse, 1 month, 26 days, at $5 9.35 Flora McCammon. 1st year nurse, 1 month, 21 days, at $5 8.50 Rose Crowley, 1st year nurse, part of 1 month 2.15 Machio Takeuchi, cleaner, at $30 a month 360.00 Margaret Connell, cook, June 15, to Oct. 12, at $30 117.00 Mrs. Predericka Ricke, cook, Oct. 13 to Oct. 31, 1904, at $30. . 18.00 Nellie Pfeifer, cook, November 1, 1904. to June 15, 1905 225.00 Hattie Bolton, laundress, 2 months, 22 days, at $30, and extra work 96.00 Jenny Bell, laundress, at $1 a day, 26 days, and extra work. . 29.90 Mrs. Rowe, laundress, by the hour 174.60 Chum Ling, laundryman, at $40 a month 56.24 May Gibson, laundress, at $30 a month, 7 days . 7.00 Mrs. Jas. Evans, laundress and cleaner, 14 days at $1 14.00 May Fisher, laundress, 92 days, at $1 92.00 Mrs. McKinley, laundress, 155 days, at $1 155.00 Mrs. Day, laundress, 18 days at $1 18.00 Mrs. Long, laundress, 3 days, at $1 3.00 79 Lilly Connell, maid, June 15 to Oct. 12, 1904, at $12 46.80 Agnes Olney, maid, 4 months at $12 48.00 Julia Brennan, maid, 2 months, at $12 24.00 Anna Zaruba, maid, 3 months, plus, at $15 49.50 Mary Barcus, maid, about 1 J months at $12 17.20 Celia Nieder, maid, Feb. 6 to April 1, 1905, at $12 22.00 Mary Olney, maid, 1 month, at $12 12.00 Bertha Hanson, maid, IS months, at $12 16.00 Louise Meyer, maid, 22 days, at $12 a month 8.86 Willette Shadeler, maid, 9 months, plus, at $12 110.80 Allie Peterson, maid, 2 months, at $12 32.00 Clara King, maid, 9 days, at $12* a month 3.60 Lottie Wells, maid, Sept. 26 to Nov. 2, 1904, at $12 14.80 Vera Johnson, maid, Sept. 26, 1904, to Mar. 5, 1905, at $13. . . 67.37 Hazel Davis, maid, Mar. 8 to June 15, 1905, at $12 38.80 Irene Shaedeler, maid, about 21 months, at $13 36.13 Nellie Price, maid, Feb. 28, to April 2, 1905, at $12 13.20 Gertie Punkople, maid, 17 days, at $12 6.80 Anna King, maid, 17 days, at $12 a month 6.80 Mrs. Belle Brown, maid, Mar. 27 to April 15, 1905, at $15 a month 9.50 Marie Soderland, maid, part of 1 month, at $12 a month 11.60 Mrs. Anna Cook, kitchen maid, 1 months, at $15 22.50 May Graham, maid, May 27 to June 15, 1905, at $12 8.00 Blanche Rogers, kitchen maid, 4J months, at $12 52.00 Kittle Evans, help in kitchen, 50 days, at $1 50.00 Mrs. McRaith, cleaner, 5 days, at $1 5.00 Mrs. Budreau, cleaner, paid by the hour 6.00 Mrs. Barylak, cleaner, paid by the hour 13.00 Frace Bond, sewing, 18 days, at $1 18.00 Miss Scott, sewing, 1 week 7.00 Mrs. Jager, canning fruit, cleaning, etc., 108 days, plus, at $1. . 108.40 Homeopathic Hospital Pay Boll. Elva M. Dunham, superintendent, 11 \ months, at $50 $575.00 Alice C. Beatle, superintendent, J month, at $50 25.00 Charlotte A. Rhodes, 3d year nurse, 1 month, at $10 10.00 M. Fern Williams, 3d year nurse, 4 months, at $10 40.00 Orah M. Gates, 2d year nurse, 1 month, at $8; 3d year nurse, 10J months, at $10 113.00 Sarah B. Clark, 2d year nurse, 3 months at $8; 3d year nurse, 8 i months, at $10 109.00 Susan Engeldinger, 2d year nurse, 5 months, at $8; 3d year nurse, 6 J months, at $10 105.00 Sadie Trier, 2d year nurse, 8 months, at $8; 3d year nurse, 4 months, at $10 104.00 Harriette E. Rich, 8 months, at $8; 3d year nurse, 4 months, at $10 104.00 Elsie M. Dunham, 2d year nurse, 10 months, at $8; 3d year nurse, 2 months, at $10 100. OC Ethel L. Dunham, 2d year nurse, 1 month, at $8 Mabel King, 2d year nurse, 1 month, at $8 Ralpha Moyer, 2d year nurse, 1 month, at $8 Sue R. Denne, 1st year nurse, 3 months, at $5; 2d year nurse, 9 months, at $8 - 87 - Viola Seibert, 1st year nurse, 7 months, at $5; 2d year nurse, 5 months, at $8 75 - Cora Truax, help, 8 months, at $8 64.00 Mrs. Ritta Spreng, help, Oct. 25 to Nov. 14, 1904 13.50 Ella Wilkinson, help, December to March, part time 38.00 Nora Kennedy, help, 2 months, at $12 24.00 Mrs. Floyd Bott, help, parts of 2 months 20.00 Missie Havard, help, 2 months, at $12 24.00 Ella O'Connell, cook, at $20 a month, and extra work 244.00 Mrs. Ellen Thompson, laundress 337.85 The foregoing tables and statements have been compiled from statements made to the committee by Secretary McChesney, of date, July 31, 1905, August 17, 1905, August 19, 1905, and November 13, 1905. His said statements are now on file in the office of the Secre- tary of State. IOWA STATE COLLEGE OP AGRICULTURE AND MECHANIC ARTS. Management. The college shall- be under the management and control of a board of trustees, but neither the president nor other officer or employe of the college and farm shall be eligible to member- ship therein. Code, Sec. 2646. Board of Trustees Powers. The board of trustees shall have power: 1. To elect a chairman from their number, a president of the college, secretary, treasurer, professors and other teachers, superin- tendents of departments, steward,' librarian, and such other officers as may be required for the transaction of its business, fix the salaries of officers, prescribe their duties and appoint substitutes who shall discharge the duties of such officers in their absence; 2. To manage and control the^ property of the college and farm, whether real or personal; 3. To arrange courses of study and practice and establish pro- fessorships, as may seem best to carry into effect the provisions of this chapter, and precribe conditions of admission to the college; 4. To grant diplomas upon the recommendation of the faculty to any students who have completed any of the courses of study prescribed by it, or an equivalent thereof; 5. To remove any officer by a majority vote of all its members. 6. To direct the expenditure of all the appropriations the general assembly shall from time to time make to said college and farm, and 81 the income arising from the congressional grants and all other sources; 7. To keep a full and complete record of their proceedings, and to do such other acts as are necessary to carry out the intent of this chapter. 8. To institute and prosecute to final judgment any action found necessary for the protection of the property intrusted to their care. Code, Sec. 2647. Auditing Committee. The president and secretary shall consti- tute an auditing committee, which, subject to the rules of the board of trustees, shall examine and audit all bills presented for payment for which an appropriation has been made, and a minute of such auditing shall be endorsed upon each bill and signed by both members of such committee. No bill shall be paid without such joint endorse- ment, unless allowed by the board. It shall examine the treasurer's books and vouchers monthly and at such other times as it shall consider necessary, and all its proceedings shall be reported by the secretary to the board at its next meeting. Code. Sec. 2653. Same. The rules of the board provide: 1. The board of audit shall not approve any bill presented for allowance unless the same shall contain the date at which the goods were purchased or the service rendered, and such full and itemized statement of the subject matter as will furnish the board of audit and the board of trustees sufficient grounds for determining the propriety of allowing or disallowing the claim. 2. No bill shall be approved or allowed which is not made out by the firm or person to whom the account is due (labor bills excepted). 3. All bills for telegraph service paid by the college shall be accompanied by a certified copy of the message. 4. All bills in favor of professors, trustees, teachers, or other officers of the institution shall be presented to the board of trustees and allowed by them previous to payment. 5. Lecturers before college departments shall not be employed except with the approval of the president, and bills for the same shall be presented to the board of trustees for audit. (See printed compila- tion of laws and rules (1905) as prepared by Secretary Stanton, page 68.) It also appears from the testimony of Secretary Stanton that all bills are certified as correct by the respective heads of departments before they are presented to the board of audit. (Transcript, 56.) Ques. Are bills that are passed upon by the auditing committee afterwards approved by the board of trustees? Secretary Stanton: In a general way, yes. The board committee which settles with the treasurer examines, as already stated, the receipted bills in the hands of the treasurer and reports upon them to the board. The bills for the year are so numerous that it is im- possible for the committee to give each one a minute examination. They do, however, examine carefully a large number of them and thus get a good idea of the general character of all. (Transcript, 57.) Secretary. The secretary shall keep a record of the proceedings of the board, and all documents and papers connected with the office, and conduct the correspondence. All acts of the board relating to the management, disposition or use of the lands, funds or other property of the institution shall be entered of record, and show how each member voted upon each proposition. He shall also prepare the bien- nial report of the board to the governor; and report to the executive council annually, and at such other times as may be required by it, all loans made since his last report to it; and also, to the board, all loans made since its last meeting, unless otherwise ordered; but such reports must be made at least quarterly. Upon the election of any person to any office under the board, he shall give notice thereof to the secretary of state. He shall also keep an account with the treas- urer, charging him with all money paid him, and crediting him with the amounts paid out upon the order of the board of audit, which account shall be balanced monthly. Code, Sec. 2652. Same. In carrying out the provisions of the Code the secretary's office has developed into a sort of auditing or accounting office in which an account is kept with the different college funds. There is no financial transaction connected with the institution, a record of which is not made in this office. The secretary handles no money whatever, but keeps an account with the different financial officers and with the information thus obtained is prepared to report to the board of trustees at any time the exact financial condition of the college. The secretary keeps a record of the proceedings of the board con- ducts its correspondence, prepares the financial part of the biennial report to the governor makes to the executive council an itemized statement of the receipts and expenditures of the institution in all its departments, reports all items of income to the general assembly, has charge of contracts and bonds, and is chairman of the purchasing committee having charge of all purchases for the institution. (Secre- tary Stanton, Transcript, 1.) When a loan is complete the papers connected therewith are forwarded to the secretary of the board who enters an abstract of the same in his loan register and then forwards the papers to the state treasurer. All releases of mortgages are signed by the secretary and the chairman of the board of trustees. The state treasurer reports to the secretary of the board at the end of each month the interest collected during that month. The secretary enters the proper credits on his loan register and is thus enabled to keep an exact account with each loan. The books of my office will show at any time: 1. The cash in the hands of the financial agent awaiting payment to the borrowers. 2. The endowment fund, cash and bonds in the hands of the state treasurer. 3. The condition of each loan. The secretary's office as you thus see is a complete check upon the financial agent and state treasurer. Any failure for instance of the treasurer to account for interest collected will cause the loan to show on the secretary's book as delinquent and lead to its being reported for foreclosure. (Secretary Stanton, Transcript, 16-17.) Treasurer. The treasurer shall receive and keep all notes and other evidence of indebtedness, contracts, and money arising from the income of the congressional grant, apropriations of the general assem- bly, sales of the products of the farm, payments by students, and all other sources, and pay out the same upon bills for which appropriation has been made, when audited as above prescribed, and retain such bills with receipts for their payment as his vouchers. He shall keep an accurate account of the revenue and expenditures of the college from all source?, so that the receipts and disbursements of each of its several departments shall be apparent at all times, and report to the board of trustees at their annual meeting and such other times as they may direct. He shall execute duplicate receipts for all money received by him, specifying the source and the fund to which it belongs, one of which must be filed with the secretary, and no receipt shall be valid unless the duplicate is so filed. He shall be elected annually, and give bond in double the highest amount of money likely to be in his hands at any one time, which bond shall be filed with and the sureties thereon approved by the secretary of state. He may appoint a deputy, who shall receive such compensation as the board of trustees shall fix, and for whose acts he shall be responsible on his official bond. Code, Sec. 2654. The Treasurer's Department. As treasurer, I receive and receipt for all money arising from the income of the endowment fund; ap- propriations of the general assembly; sales of the products of the farm, creamery, experiment station and other departments; payments by students of room rent, hospital and laboratory fees, fires and lights and other charges; and for money arising from all other sources. In receipting for this money Section 2654 of 'the Code of Iowa reads as follows: "He shall execute duplicate receipts for all money received by him, specifying the source and the fund to which it belongs; one of which must be filed with the secretary and no receipts shall be valid unless the duplicate is so filed." The treasurer's office receives from the board of audit, daily, vouchers which are charged to the treasurer on the auditor's books. These vouchers being ready for payment are at once handed to the bookkeeper, who carefully marks on the outside of the voucher, under the auditor's names, the account to which they shall be charged. The treasurer then personally examines each bill; first, to see that the account is correctly marked according to the specification of the board of audit; second, to determine what method shall be pursued in paying the same; third, to see that he understands the item and discounts. (Statement of Treasurer Knapp, page 1.) Method of Paying Vouchers. The general labor bills and pay rolls are paid direct over the counter in cash or check, the individual to- st whom they are due receipting the vouchers in the presence of the cashier. The cash paid at the counter amounts on these vouchers to about $150,000 annually. Chicago and New York drafts are purchased for bills which we owe to persons not residing in Ames or vicinity. These drafts are furnished free of exchange to the college. With every draft is sent a letter of remittance and a blank receipt for the party to use in receipt- ing to the college for the amount. These receipts are checked back on the draft register so as to keep track of the fact that they are all returned and attached to the voucher to which they belong. The bills due the merchants in Ames are paid through the Union National Bank, allowing each merchant the privilege of taking his bill to his place of business, carefully examining the same, placing the credits on his books and returning it to the bank for payment. These bills are then carefully examined by the treasurer and a check against the college funds is given to the bank in payment for the same. The method of payment of bills due from one department to an- other will be explained more minutely under the system of collections. The money for the college freight is advanced by the Union Na- tional Bank to the Chicago Northwestern as soon as the bill has been certified to by the drayman. The college, however, does not become personally responsible to the bank for the payment of any bill which should not legitimately be charged against the college accounts. The bank loans to the treasurer all of the freight vouchers; the treasurer sends to each department an itemized statement of its freight bills for the month. These itemized statements are signed correct by the heads of the departments, sent through the board of audit and audited in the regular way and then the voucher signed by the agent of the Northwestern Railway is attached to the bill as a receipt; the money being paid back to the Union National Bank at this time. Everything which relates to the payment of bills and vouchers by the treasurer of this college is so adjusted as to strictly conform to the law that no voucher shall be paid until it has been -properly audited according to Section 2653 of the Code of Iowa. System of Bookkeeping. We have, in this office, a system of three general ledgers. The first covers all of the general college accounts, including the income and expenditures. The second ledger covers the income and expenditures of the experiment station. The third covers the income and expenditures of the fires, lights, and incidentals, and hospital accounts. The system of bookkeeping might be described as a cash book, journal, and ledger, combined in one ledger. The day book entry is the voucher. Each voucher is posted once to cash and then to the department to which it is to be charged; the vouchers being filed so that those for the different departments are independent of each other. The head of the farm department or of any other department can examine all of his expenditures for a year or part of a year without being required to handle more than the exact vouchers which belong to his account. The books and vouchers of the treasurer's office are checked monthly with the board of audit and the board of 85 trustees make settlement with the treasurer at the close of each fiscal year. After each monthly settlement with the board of audit the treasurer mails to each head of department a statement of the bills which he has paid for that department during the month. This enables the head of the department to check his account the same as a private individual would check his bank account. The head of the department has kept a statement of each bill which he has sent to the board of audit to be charged to his department. The board of audit has audited that bill, has sent it to the treasurer, the. treasurer has paid the same and has rendered back to the head of the department a statement that it has been paid. The head of the department can check this against his statement of the bills sen't to the board of audit, and adding the unpaid bills to the treasurer's balance should give the balance on the department books. This enables the head of each department to monthly check the treasurer in addition to the checking which he receives from the board of audit. This system of checking is not required by law but has been found to be a good thing in practice. How Income is Drawn. In drawing our income funds, all money appropriated by the state to the college is drawn on requisitions, signed by the chairman and secretary of the board of trustees, requesting the auditor of state to issue a warrant to the treasurer of the college for the sum desired and specifying under what law or act of the genera! assembly this warrant is to be issued and under what particular item of the act. A copy of this requisition is furnished and filed with the chairman of the board of trustees. The board of control, in checking the accounts of the treasurer's office have heretofore been furnished an itemized list of the warrants issued by the auditor of state. These have been checked with the treasurer's books and up to this date have been found correct, the treasurer having charged himself with the proper amount of money as received from the state auditor. The treasurer also issues the customary receipts for these warrants, which are countersigned by the secretary of the board of trustees. The money received from the state of Iowa for buildings and re- pairs is drawn under Section 109 and 110, Code of Iowa. Money received from the United States Government comes in two ways. The annual appropriation under the Morrill Act is remitted by the United States Treasurer to the state treasurer and drawn by the college treasurer from the state treasurer by means of sight drafts, to which the college treasurer is obliged to attach his receipt, properly countersigned by the secretary of the board of trustees. The money from the United State Government for the experiment stations is received in a quarterly warrant of $3,750 direct from the United States Treasurer to the college treasurer. For this warrant the customary receipt is issued, countersigned by the secretary. For the collection of this annual amount for the experiment station the treasurer is required to furnish certificate under seal of the state of Iowa, to the assistant treasurer of the United States at Chicago, show- ing that he has been duly elected by the board of trustees and has filed his bond with the secretary of state and that the bond has been 86 approved. This certificate is required each year before the payment of the warrant on October 1st. The experiment station accounts are inspected annually by a special inspector sent out by the United States Department of Agriculture for the purpose of inspecting the different experiment stations of the United States. The experiment station books are required to be so kept as to make a distinct and separate showing of the expenditures of the $15,000 appropriated to the experiment station by the United States Government. A report of the expendi- tures of all funds connected with the experiment station including the part furnished by the state is required by the United States De- partment of Agriculture, annually before the first of September. An annual report of the expenditures under the Morrill Act is re- quired by the department of the interior, on or before the first of September. An annual report of all the receipts and expenditures of the office is filed with the board of trustees at their annual meeting in July and such other reports and showings of the accounts as are, from time to time, required by different committees and departments. The treasurer also holds himself in readiness at any time to check any statements or settle whether bills have been paid by the departments or whether accounts rendered by certain firms and individuals are true and correct according to the statements which have been rendered by the college. System of Collection. Some fifteen years ago there was established in the treasurer's office, a system founded upon Rule 21, page 71 of the College Rules and Regulations, which reads as follows: "The Heads of all departments shall certify to the treasurer on or before the first day of each month all charges against students or patrons which have not already been reported. The accounts against students shall be collected by the treasurer. All accounts against patrons shall be col- lected by the treasurer, who shall certify all such payments back to the officer from whom the charge or account came." This department is also made use of for the charges of one department against another. During the last year the total collections made through this office numbered four thousand and two hundred fifty. The moment the col- lections are received from the heads of departments they are booked in the Collection Register and a card made out for each item. These cards are filed alphabetically and show who owes the account, an item- ized statement of the amount of the bill, and to what department it shall be credited when collected. These cards are placed in a card catalogue so that the cashier at the counter at any moment can de- termine the entire amount which each department or individual owes the college. The moment these amounts are paid, the card is re- moved from this division of the card catalogue, stamped paid, used in determining the cash balance that night, and then posted to the ac- count of the collection register and from these cards and the register a cash report is drawn semi-monthly in duplicate and sent to the head of the department to be certified. The head of the department signs the original and returns it to the treasurer, keeping the duplicate on 87 file in his office. The amount of the cash report is then charged off the collection register and a regular monthly receipt is issued to the head of the department for the amount of the cash report and the amount is credited to the department to which the sales belong. Each department can determine which accounts are unpaid, and if necessary to force a collection, he can join with the treasurer in determining what is the best method of procedure. This method also prevents the cred- iting up of uncollectable accounts and makes the head of the depart- ment very careful against whom he allows charges to be made. The treasurer also stands ready to advise with the heads of depart- ments as to persons who are slow in payment and thus to avoid bad accounts. A trial balance is taken monthly on this account which is checked with the heads of departments to see that their accounts and the accounts of the treasurer in regard to collections always agree. It will readily be seen that this system places the head of a depart- ment and the treasurer in close touch with each other in regard to these collections and that it requires all moneys to pass through the hands of the treasurer who is a bonded officer. (Statement of Treas- urer Knapp, pages 2-7.) Department Appropriations and Their Expenditure. The following rules of the board apply to department appropriations and their ex- penditure: 1. The general policy of the expenditure of appropriations shall be determined upon consultation with the president. The work of all departments shall be under his general direction, and control, and he is authorized, at his discretion, to dispense with the services of persons employed by the college other than those directly appointed by the board of trustees. 2. All assistants shall be employed by the president, on the recom- mendation of the heads of the various departments, and shall be respon- sible to the heads of the departments, and finally to the president. All other employes shall be employed with the approval of the president, and are made finally responsible to him. 3. When any unsual expenditure is contemplated the head of the department shall counsel with the committee of audit before the ex- penditure is incurred. 4. Repairs and improvements of the heating, lighting, water and plumbing systems shall be under the charge of the superintendent of the fires and lights department; the sewerage and drainage of the col- lege buildings, excepting farm barns, shall be under the supervision and charge of the college engineer in consultation with the health of- ficer; other repairs and minor improvements of buildings shall be under the charge of the custodian of the buildings and grounds. 5. When appropriations are made to departments for improve- ments other than on buildings, no part of such improvements that have or can be made or carried on by the regular force or employes of such department shall be charged to such appropriation. 6. Purchases for departments shall be billed against the college N and in no case shall such purchases be billed in favor of an officer or teacher of the institution. 7. Any head of department or any other college officer who shall desire to divide or change any bill presented against the department of which he has charge shall return the same to the maker of the bill for such division or change. 8. At the close of each fiscal year the head of each department shall present to the president the needs of his department for the en- suing fiscal year. The appropriation made by the board at its annual meeting shall be considered as meeting such needs as far as the income for the year will permit. No additional appropriation shall be asked for during the year. 9. Each department is authorized to use its ordinary income to meet in part its current expenses. 10. All appropriations are subject to the provision that only so much thereof as may be necessary shall be expended. Appropriations from the support funds shall only be available pro rata as the months pass except with the consent of the auditing committee obtained before the incurring of any obligation to be paid out of such appropriation. 11. Immediately , after the adjournment of the board, and at any other time when requested, the secretary shall furnish each head of department, in writing, with the amounts appropriated for the use of such department; and no part of any appropriation for improvements, repairs, instruction, or any purpose whatever, shall be expended by the party having charge thereof, until he shall have secured from the sec- retary such written statement of the amount appropriated and all con- ditions connected with its expenditure. 12. The head of each department shall keep a current and ac- curate memorandum of all appropriations to his department, and of all orders which may be issued against the same. No obligation shall be incurred in excess of such appropriation, and for such excess, and for any and all obligations not authorized by a recorded vote of the trustees, the head of the department contracting the same may be held personally responsible. 13. The professor of military tactics is authorized to purchase prizes for his department from the appropriation made to said de- partment by the board. 14. Department libraries or reading rooms shall not be fitted up or equipped with regular department appropriations nor with books from the college library, unless by vote of the trustees. 15. The president of the college, the librarian of the faculty com- mittee of the board of trustees shall apportion the available library funds to the different departments and shall approve all lists sub- mitted by the heads of departments before bids on such lists are asked for by the purchasing committee. 16. Reprint of scientific articles shall be paid from department funds only on special authority of the board. 17. All experimental work shall be charged to the experiment 89 fund. Only such investigations as are directly related to department instruction shall be charged to department appropriations. (Compilation of Laws, 68-70.) Department Accounts: 1. The board of audit, as they see fit, shall provide blanks upon which department accounts shall be presented. 2. All departments employing labor are required to keep a per- manent and itemized book account of dates of such service, character of service and hours employed each day, to be open on call to the in- spection of the board of audit. 3. The heads of all departments shall certify to the treasurer on or before the first day of each month, all charges against students or patrons which have not been already reported. The accounts against students shall be collected by the treasurer. All accounts against patrons shall be collected by the treasurer, who shall certify all such payments back to the officer from whom the charge or account came. 4. All moneys collected by college departments shall be promptly paid over to the college treasurer not later than the sixth of the fol- lowing month. All officers of the college who may sell any property of the college shall return it to the treasurer with the money received therefor, a clear, itemized statement of the amount and kind of property sold, the date of sale, the party to whom sold, with postoffice address and the price, and the treasurer is instructed to lay before the board of trustees at the close of each year these statements for approval. 5. The head of each department shall, on or before the tenth of July, file with the secretary of the board an inventory of all apparatus, books, stock, feed, machinery or other articles belonging to the college, in his department. The items of the inventory shall be valued at their actual cash value. All articles not in use, or not liable to be used, shall not appear in the inventory, but be listed by themselves each year and valued at such sums as can probably be realized for them. The list shall be attached to the inventory. The secretary shall report to the board the aggregate sum of each inventory. 6. The veterinary department shall, without compensation, perform the professional services that may be needed for any of the animals that are the property of the college or its farm. 7. It shall be the duty of the head of each department to examine and approve or disapprove all bills against his department and in favor of other departments promptly when the same are presented, and to at once file such bills with his approval or disapproval endorsed thereon, with the board of audit, giving such bills preference over all others. In case any head of department shall fail to pay any bill or account against his department and in favor of another department of the col- lege within ten days after such bill or account shall have been ren- dered him by the treasurer, the treasurer shall consider that unless written exceptions or objections to such account shall have been filed the bill is approved. He shall thereupon make endorsement to this 90 effect upon the bill and submit the endorsed bill to the auditing board for audit in the usual way. 8. Bills for expenses incurred in the month of June shall be pre- sented by the heads of the departments on or before a date to be fixed by the board of trustees or the president of the college. 9. Heads of departments and other officers employing labor or purchasing material or supplies of any kind on account of the col- lege (under the authority of the purchasing committee) will be held responsible for the presentation of a proper bill for the same to the board of audit on or before the, twentieth of the month following that in which the expense is incurred. 10. Bach department shall as far as possible confine itself to not more than one bill for each person or firm monthly. (Compilation of Laws and Rules, 70-72.) Repair Accounts: 1. No head of a department or other officer or employee of the college shall erect or repair any college building, unless legal provi- sion shall have been made for the expense thereof, and authority for making the particular improvement shall have been obtained of the building committee in writing. 2. The mechanical department in making repairs for other de- partments may, when necessary for convenience and economy, use ma- terial which it has in stock, promptly billing the same at the end of each month against the proper repair account; but in case new material is purchased, it shall be charged directly to the state appropriation. 3. The farm and the mechanical departments are authorized to employ their regular workmen, who are paid by the month, in making authorized repairs and improvements, but in every such case itemized bills against the proper state appropriations shall be made out and sub- mitted to the board of audit. Except as herein provided no person em- ploying labor or purchasing material in connection with any building shall charge the cost of the same to any department account. All items appearing upon any bill against the college for material which might be used in any way in the erection, repair, or improvement of any building, shall be fully explained upon said bill by the officer making such purchase. (Compilation of Laws, 72.) Committees of the Board. The general committees of the board, are: 1. Committee on Faculty and Courses of Study. 2. Finance Committee. 3. Building Committee. 4. Committee on Rules. 5. Committee on Bonds and Contracts. 6. Purchasing Committee. 7. Committee on Endowments. 91 The department committees, are: 1. Committee on Agriculture. 2. Committee on Engineering Department. 3. Committee on Scientific Departments. 4. Committee on Literary Departments and Library. 5. Committee on Public Grounds and Assignment of Rooms. 6. Committee on College Hospital and Sanitary Arrangements. Purchasing Committee. The purchasing committee, consists of the secretary of the board, the treasurer of the college, and a member of the board of trustees, appointed by its chairman. It is by a rule of the board, made "the duty of the committee to obtain, whenever practicable, competitive bids on all supplies to be purchased by the college. This committee shall have full authority and it shall be their duty to pur- chase or direct the purchase of all supplies necessary for the main- tenance of the college and they shall have full authority as to how, of whom, and by whom these purchases shall be made and shall formulate such methods of handling the business as they shall find to the best Interests of the college, subject to such rules as the board shall ^nact. No purchase shall be made by any department, except upon the written consent or this committee." (Compilation of Laws, 64.) Coal. We use largely a pea steam mixture. This is considered the best for our purposes. It can be furnished in the quantities needed only by a few of the larger companies. Lockwood and Co. of Ames have the contract this year. The prices F. O. B. Ames are as follows: Lump coal $2.88 per ton Mine run coal 2.53 " Nut coal 2.38 Nut steam mixture 1.77 " Pea steam mixture 1.62 Purchases of Lumber. Bids are secured by the committee from our local dealers. These are submitted to Trustee Dixon, who is himself engaged in the lumber business and is therefore acquainted with both prices and quality. If he finds that the lowest bid is a reasonable one, contract is entered into running, say, for six months, under which the dealer furnishes the different departments with supplies in such quan- tities and at such times as suits their needs. The present contract with Munn & Son expires July 1. next. It should be noted that since the erection and improvement of the college buildings are done almost entirely under the contract system; the annual purchases of lumber by the college are comparatively small in amount, averaging about $2,000 per year. The trustees have under consideration the erection, as they may reach it, of a small storage shed which will be under the charge of the custodian and which will enable the committee to purchase building material of the standard grades in car load lots. In the mean time the present arrangement is convenient and, everything considered., fairly satisfactory. Ques. How do you buy your oils? Ans. Bids are submitted by different parties for lubricating oil, kerosene and gasoline. The contract is let to the lowest bidder, taking quality into account. Our purchases for the year are considerable. The present prices are as follows: Perfection kerosene oil. .. .104 cts. per gallon Crown gasoline 131 cts. per gallon Delivered on grounds from tank wagon. 87 degree gasoline, in iron barrels, 19 cts. per gallon, delivered at Ames. Lubricating oils, at correspondingly low figures. 1 per cent discount is allowed where bills are paid promptly at the end of the month. Ques. How are laboratory supplies purchased? Ans. Upon competitive bids of houses furnishing standard goods. A considerable portion of our scientific apparatus and laboratory material is imported. The chemicals, for instance, needed in the dif- ferent laboratories for a given time are listed and bids secured from the leading importing houses. The order is then placed, the goods im- ported duty free as the law provides, and the college gets the benefit ooth of competition and the non-payment of custom duties. Three- fourths of the chemicals used in our departments are imported. The saving to the college by this method amounts to from 40 to 60 per cent. Ques. Explain, to the committtee your method of handling sta- tionery and printing. Ans. The purchasing committee has a contract with the college book-store by which paper and ordinary stationery are furnished to the departments in such amounts as they need at wholesale rates without charge for freight or express or expense of distribution, the book-store paying all these expenses and making its margin of profit from its cash discounts. Ques. Does the purchasing committee make all purchases? Ans. No, there are purchases which the heads of the departments can make to better advantage than the purchasing committee. For example, the Dean of Agriculture and the Professor of Animal Hus- bandry are better judges of farm stock and stock values, and are ther- fore better qualified than the committee to make purchases along this line. Again, in some of the purchases connected with experimental work, the competitive idea has no legitimate place. The expert in charge and he only can determine where and when to buy the partic- ular thing needed. The rules of the board of trustees permit the com- mittee in all such cases to give the head of the department written authority to make the purchase. It is the idea of the committee to avail itself as much as possible of the technical knowledge and profes- sional acquaintance of the professors for whose department the sup- plies and equipment are bought and to make the business system an aid rather than a hindrance to successful departmental work. The books and accounts of the college are kept in such itemized form as to fully exhibit to the trustees the work of the committee. (Secretary Stanton, Transcript, 55.) Financial Agent. Subject to approval by the executive council, the board may appoint a financial agent to negotiate loans in accordance with the provisions of this chapter, and take charge of the foreclosure of mortgages and collections from delinquent debtors to said fund, when so directed by it. Such agent shall hold his office during the pleasure of the board, and, before entering upon the discharge of his duties take the oath required of civil officers, and give bond in the penal sum to be determined and with sureties to be approved by said board. Conditioned for the faithful performance of the duties of his agency and the payment into the state treasury of all funds which shall come into his hands in connection therewith. Such bond shall be in a sum at least double the amount of funds, liable to come into his hands at any time, and be for the use and benefit of said college. And ac- tions for a breach of its conditions may be brought in the name of said board. Code, section 2668. Compensation. The financial agent shall receive a compensation to be fixed by the board of trustees not exceeding the sum of twelve hun- dred dollars annually, eight hundred dollars annually, in addition, for assistants and sub-agents, and all necessary expenses connected with the discharge of his duties to be paid as that of other officers out of the treasury of the state. Code, section 2669. Same. The contract with W. A. Helsell, financial agent, provides that he shall receive a salary of twelve hundred dollars per annum, payable monthly and all necessary expenses, connected with the dis- charge of his duties, and also not to exceed the sum of eight hundred dollars per annum in addition for assistants and sub-agents. The twelve hundred dollars to be paid out of the state treasury in equal monthly installments as provided by law, and the expenses and money for assistants and sub-agents, to be drawn as required by itemized state- ments duly verified by the financial agent and approved by the chair- man and secretary of the board of trustees. The said contract among other things, provides, that The rate of interest shall be such as is or shall be designated by the board of trustees, payable annually, to be due in not less than five or more than ten years, and the borrower can have the privilege, after such time as shall be fixed by the board, to make payments of principal in sums of $100 or multiple thereof, at such times as interest matures. He is authorized to loan not less than five hundred dollars nor more than ten thousand to any one person and is allowed to have in his pos- session and under his control not more than ten thousand dollars at any one time. He is also by the terms of the contract at all times sub- ject to the rules, orders and directions of the board of trustees. Agent Helsell's Bond. Is in the amount of fifty thousand dollars and is properly conditioned. Interest and principal on all loans are made payable to the state treasurer. "When a loan is complete the papers connected therewith are forwarded to the secretary of the board who enters an abstract of the same on his loan register and then forwards the papers to the state treasurer. The state treasurer reports to the secretary of the board at the end of each month the interest collected during the month. The 94 secretary enters the proper credits on his loan register and is thus en- abled to keep an exact account with each loan." (Secretary Stanton, Transcript, 16-17.) Lands. Question. How much money has he (Helsell) loaned this last year? Ans. About $88,000. Ques. Is that a fair average? Ans. The amount loaned is sometimes less sometimes more. The loans made during the present fiscal year will probably amount to $114,000. The loan for the last six years (including the estimate for the present year) will aggregate $728,850 or $121,475 annually. The expense of maintaining the agency during this same time including the salary of the agent averages about $1,490 annually. The following statement was made by Secretary Stanton, showing the condition of the endowment fund on the first day of March, 1905: Land under lease at 8 per cent, 336.02 acres $ 1,774.08 Polk county tract, 40 acres, under temporary least at $85 2,418.55 Farm mortgages bearing 7 per cent interest 15,300.00 Farm mortgages bearing 6 per cent interest 107,200.00 Farm mortgages bearing 5 per cent interest 507,100.00 Farm mortgages bearing 5i per cent interest 23,300.00 Total yielding .income $657,062.63 Balance uninvested: In hands of state treasurer $16,645 . 89 In hands of Agent Helsell 10,000 . 00 26,645 . 89 $683,708.52 (Transcript, 18.) No loans are made outside of the state. Loans. It may loan said funds upon approved real estate security, subject to the following regulations: 1. Each loan shall be for a term not exceeding ten years, at a rate of interest to be fixed by said board, payable annually. 2. Each loan shall be secured by a mortgage paramount to all other liens upon improved farm lands in the state, the loan not to ex- ceed fifty per 'cent of the cash value thereof, exclusive of buildings: 3. Principal and interest shall be payable to the order of the board at the office of the state treasurer, the notes and mortgages to provide for the payment by the borrower of all expenses, attorney fees and costs incurred in collecting the same. 4. A register containing a complete abstract of each loan, and showing its actual condition, shall be kept by the secretary of said board, and be at all times open to inspection. The attorney-general, under the direction of the executive council, shall prepare the neces- sary blanks, forms and instructions to carry into effect the provisions of this section and to keep such loans secure and unimpaired. Code Supplement, section 2667. 95 Value of College Buildings and Equipment. Secretary Stanton: The following exhibit gives a fairly correct idea of the extent and value- of the college property, exclusive of the dairy farm and the new build- ings now in process of erection: Land: Farm proper, 531.38 acres at $100 $58,138 . 00 Experiment station grounds, 60 acres at $100. 6,000.00 Plots for horticultural experiments, 13 acres at $85 1,105.00 Orchard and arboretum, 25 acres at $100.... 2,500.00 College campus, 125 acres at $100 12,500.00 College park, 38 acres at $60 2,220 . 00 Total for 841.38 acres $82,463 . 00 82,463 . 00' Buildings: Margaret Hall 60,000 . 00 Morrill Hall 40,000.00 Chemical and physical building 36, 000. 00 Music Hall 5,000 . 00 Chime and clock tower ..........*.. 7,000 . 00 College hospital 5,500 . 00 Office building 7,000 . 00 Book department building 1,800 . 00 Boarding cottages 10,000 . 00 Engineering Hall (not including furnishings) .195,000.00 Engineering laboratory 12,000 . 00 Carpenter shop 5,000.00 Forge shop 5,000.00 Power station 7,000 . 00 Old pumping station plant 500 . 00 Fire department building 400 . 00 Foundry store house 75.00 Greenhouses 19,000 . 00 Veterinary hospital 8,000 . 00 Agricultural hall 110,000 . 00 Horticultural barn . 5,500 . 00 Cattle barn 15,000 . 00 Feeding sheds 2,500 . 00 Experiment station barn 18,000 . 00 Horse barn and stock judging pavilion 15,000.00 Corn and stock judging pavilion 13,000 . 00 Hog house 1,500 . 00 Moveable hog houses (fifteen) 500 . 00 Sheep barn 1,500 . 00 North hall 2,500.00 98 Residences occupied by: President Storms , 13,000 . 00 Professor Curtiss 5,000 . 00 Professor Weems 2,500.00 Professor Bissell 2,500 . 00 Professor Summers 2,500 . 00 Professor Noble 3,000 . 00 Professor Stanton 5,000 . 00 Professor Marston 4,500 . 00 Professor Holden 1,500 . 00 Horticultural foreman 1,000 . 00 Experiment station foreman 1,000 . 00 Farm laborer 800 . 00 Boarding club 800 .00 General Equipment: Waterworks, including water tower, deep well pumping machinery and piping system.. 36,500.00 Power plant, including three boilers, four high- speed engines, four dynamos, boiler and engine room equipment, appliances, etc. . 15,000.00 Electric light, including switch board appli- ances, pole line and transformers 7,000.00 Sewage system 5,500 . 00 Sewage disposal system 3,000 . 00 Office building furniture 2,000.00 Furniture of public rooms 3,114 . 35 College hospital furniture 1,035 . 25 Board department 549.80 Fire department : 1,525 . 00 Total general equipment $75,224. 40 Department Equipment: Experiment station Agronomy section 2,624 . 55 Animal husbandry section 4,660 . 50 Horticultural section 1,298 . 05 Chemical section 4,530 . 91 Botanical section 851.00 Dairy section 79.50 Entomological section 1,427 . 05 Veterinary section 850 . 33 Total station equipment 1 i Farm department 26,857. 70 Agronomy department 541.24 Farm Mechanics department 12,103 . 29 Farm crops department 730.82 97 Soils department '. 4,206 . 96 Animal husbandry department 509.25 Dairy 679 . 50 Creamery 304 . 66 Horticultural department 1419 . 70 Veterinary department 2,663 . 55 General Chemistry 10,850 . 00 Zoology 15, 6 52. 69 Botany 18,626.30 Physics and Electrical Engineering, including equipment and furniture 25,978 . 74 Civil Engineering, including equipment and furniture 15,440 . 00 Mechanical Engineering, including equipment and furniture 47,000 . 00 Mining Engineering and furniture 10,462 . 47 Domestic Economy 1,309 . 74 Military department 215.00 English, literature and rhetoric 270.00 Public grounds 224 .35 Library 55,000 . 00 Music department 2,049 . 00 Pipe organ and Piano 1,750 . 00 Chimes and Clock . 9,000.00 Total department equipment $263,846.96 Total value of college property, ex- clusive of endowment fund $1,089,131.25 College Endowment. The endowment fund amounts to $683,708.52 of which $589,754.01 is to be credited directly to the original land grant and $93,954.51 to the transfer and investment, in the early years of the college, of the surplus interest fund. There were 203.- 993.66 acres in Iowa's share of the original land grant. Iowa located its land script within the state and leased the land thus acquired on ten year leases bearing 8 per cent interest upon a valuation fixed by the board of trustees. These leases gave to the lessee the right of purchase at the expiration of the lease at the valuation fixed upon when the lease (which was really a contract of sale) was made. Tran- script, 8.) Sales of Departments. The sales of departments are not included in the statement of "Resources." They are offset by corresponding purchases equal in amount, and unless in the total of these transac- tions of buying and selling as for instance in buying cattle and sell- ing the same, buying cream and selling butter there is a net profit, the fund for maintaining and developing the college is not increased. In an educational institution its departments cannot be expected to be self-sustaining so there is no profit to be thus taken into account. These sales, however, and the purchases which balance them appear among the gross receipts and disbursements and are accounted for on the college books as is other cash received and paid out. (Secretary Stanton, Transcript, 22.) Ques. Suppose you show by concrete example how the omission of these sales effects the general funds? Ans. Take, for example, the sales made by the farm department. Cattle worth $3,000 are sold in July. In Augst this fund is used to purchase other cattle. The $3,000 appears, of course, on each sale of the treasurer's cash account. It has, however, no ligitimate place in a public statement designed to show the regular annual income of the college on the cost of maintaining its departments. If the annual maintenance fund can be increased in this way to the extent of these sales an institution might be made rich through buying and selling though each particular transaction represented in itself a loss. Take for another example the college creamery. Several years ago its sales of butter aggregated $19.000 annually. The butter fat pur- chased and the cost of manufacture represented an outlay of about an equal amount. Last year these sales and purchases had fallen to $6.000. The annual income of the college available for the carrying on of its work has not, of course, decreased $13,000 because less but- ter fat is purchased, manufactured into butter and the finished product sold in the market. This, however, is true. A department like the creamery is both educational and commercial. The commercial side may help to reduce the net expense of maintaining the department as a whole. Our people consider that the commercial feature helps the educational part of the work in that it brings the student into touch with the practical side of the creamery business. At the same time it lessens net expenses. The creamery at the Wisconsin University, which is purely educational, costs $8,000 annually, while ours of equal educational worth, costs only $2,000. Ques. In calculating expenses do you include the salaries? Ans. Yes. The salaries of those directly connected with the run- ning of the creamery. I do not include the salary of the professor of dairying nor the salary of other instructors. These salaries are charged to the educational support fund. The farm, the creamery and the shops are primarily educational plants. In so far as the commer- cial side of these departments reduces the net expense of maintaining them the result is not at all displeasing. It can hardly be expected, however, that the gains on the commercial side will wipe out the en- tire cost of the department as an educational feature of the institu- tion. (Secretary Stanton, 27-28.) Method of Accounting. As to method of handling and ac- counting for cash received, I might say: First The college treasurer issues a duplicate cash receipt for all money coming into his hands. Both the original and duplicate are filed in my office. Across the face of the original is printed "Dupli- cate filed in my office." This I sign, and tearing off the original re- turn it to the treasurer, retaining the duplicate as the basis of the charge against the treasurer on my books. This plan is followed in all cases. Second State appropriations are drawn upon requisitions signed by the chairman and secretary of the board of trustees. Those relat- ing to buildings and repairs are subject to the limitation prescribed in section 109 of the Code that no part of the appropriation can be drawn until the same is needed for use within thirty days from the date of the requisition. When warrants are received from the state auditor on account of these building funds, the college treasurer issues his re- ceipt therefor in duplicate as already explained. The state support funds are payable quarterly but are not drawn except as needed. Third The national support fund which is first remitted by the national government to the state treasury is drawn therefrom by the college treasurer upon a sight draft, to which is attached the treas- urer's receipt with a certificate that a duplicate has already been filed in his office. This fund too is only drawn as needed. A considerable balance of support fund is now in the hands of the state treasurer. Fourth All laboratory fees are, under the regulations of the board, paid to the college treasurer and no student is allowed to begin laboratory work until he presents the treasurer's receipt to the pro- fessor in charge. In order to avoid unnecessary delay the treasurer issues in these cases an individual receipt, from his laboratory receipt book and at the end of a couple of weeks more or less makes out dupli- cate cash reports of all monies received which he sends to the several professors. Each professor checks the cash report with his class book and certifies to its correctness. The original is then returned to the treasurer while the duplicate is retained by the professor. The treas- urer then issues to the department from his college receipt book re- ceipts in duplicate covering the items included in the cash report, which receipts pass through the secretary's office as heretofore ex- plained. Fifth Janitor fees paid by students are treated in a similar way, the superintendent of the fires and lights department checking up and certifying to the correctness of the cash reports. Sixth The amount received from sales of departments is either paid directly to the treasurer or first to the head of the department making the sale and then by him to the treasurer. The rules of the board require that whenever practicable payments shall be made direct to the treasurer. There are cases, however, as in the sale of farm stock, etc., where a rigid enforaement of such requirement would greatly embarrass college business. Whenever an officer of the col- lege, received payment for property sold he is required to pay the money received therefor promptly to the treasurer and to file with him an itemized statement of the amount and kind of property sold, the date of sale, the party to whom sold, with postoffice address and the price. Thus directly, or indirectly, through the head of the de- partment the money received from sales reaches the treasurer. Dupli- cate receipts for such monies are issued by him as in other cases. Seventh These duplicate receipts filed in the secretary's office make known to him all items of cash received from whatever source. The following additional checks upon the receipts should be noted: 100 1. A careful comparison of the books of the secretary's office with those of the state auditor and state treasurer are made at least once each year. 2. A statement of the cash items placed to the credit of each de- partment is sent the professor in charge at least once each month. Each professor keeps a watchful eye upon the fund which has been granted his department. The appropriation from the support fund and the credits arising from fees and sales are never more than sufficient to meet the current expenses of the department and allow for a mod- erate increase in department equipment. Any failure to credit the fund with all monies belonging to it would be noticed at once by the professor and explanation asked. (Secretary Stanton, Transcript, 22-24.) Tuition Admission. Tuition in the college herein established shall be forever free to pupils from the state over sixteen years of age, who have been residents of this state six months previous to their admission. Each county in this state shall have a prior right to tui- tion for three scholars from such county; the remainder, equal to the capacity of the college, shall be by the trustees distributed among the counties in proportion to the population, subject to the above rule. Transient scholars otherwise qualified, may at all times receive tuition. Code, section 2649. Same. Students from outside the state pay a tuition fee of $12 per semester or $24 per year. Fees are charged in the different laboratories to meet, in part at least, the cost of materials used by students. In some departments this fee does not equal the cost, while in others it comes very close to covering the expense of the material used. Janitor's Fees. A janitor's fee of $5.00 per semester is charged each student. Diploma Fee. Each graduate pays $5.00 for his diploma. (Tran- script, 24-26.) Resources. "The following exhibit shows approximately the avail- able resources of the college for the biennial period, ending July 1, 1906: 1. For general expenses and support of educational departments, Interest on Endowment Fund (estimated). .$ 36,000.00 Morrill Fund 25,000.00 State Appropriation annual Appropriated in 1900 $25,000 . 00 Appropriated in 1902 35,000.00 Appropriated in 1904 50,000.00 110,000.00 $171,000.00 2. For support of experiment station: National appropriation annual 15,000. 00 State appropriations annual 25,000.00 40,000.00 3. For repair of buildings and minor improvements: State appropriation annual 23,000.00 4. Tax levy, fc mill, running five years, estimated annual proceeds 126,000.00 5. Minor items, including laboratory and janitor fees, room rent, tuition paid by students from outside of state, etc., esti- mated 30,000.00 Total 390,000.00 Special Appropriation for the Biennial Period For the completion of the Central building. $ 95,000.00 For Dairy building and Dairy farm and equip- ment 84,500.00 For Central heating plant 54,500.00 For good roads experimentation. 7,000.00 For engineering experimental work 6,000.00 Total $247,000.00 Summary Receipts from annual appropriations for the biennial period $ 780,000.00 Special appropriations 247,000.00 Total $1,027,000.00 (Secretary Stanton, Transcript, 21.) Expenditures Erection of Buildings Architects. Secretary Stan- ton: Regarding the expenditure of the funds granted the college by the state for the erection of buildings, the following is an outline of the plan adopted by the board of trustees. An architect is employed who advises with the board and consults fully with the president of the college and the heads of the departments to be accomodated by the building. Plans and specifications are then prepared by the architect under the direction of the building committee of the board and bids are advertised for. These bids are opened by the board and if not in excess of the money available the contract is let to the lowest bidder. A list of the bids is entered on the records of the board and the bids themselves, and the contract, are kept on file in the secretary's office. An approved bond in a sum equal to one-fourth of the amount of the contract is required of the contractor. This bond is filed with the secretary. (Transcript, 30.) Building Committee. The building committee has general over- sight of the work of construction of buildings. The architect inspects the work several times each month as it progresses and the board ap- points a local superintendent who has direct supervision of the con- struction. He appoints inspectors who represent him in the work. Pro- fessor Marston is the college engineer and is generally chosen as local superintendent. In the case of the agricultural buildings Professor Curtiss is associated with him. Proudfoot & Bird of Des Moines, have been our architects for the later buildings. (Transcript, 31.) Ques. Does the local superintendent prepare estimates of the legiti- mate cost of a building so the board may have something to guide them in making contracts? Ans. I take it you have in mind large buildings. In the case of repairs and minor improvements such estimates as you mention are made by the college carpenter, the custodian of buildings, and college engineer, or if heating, lighting and plumbing are in question, by Professor Bissell, our professor of mechanical engineering. But in the case of large buildings the trustees rely largely, as I have already stated, upon the architect employed by them. Sometimes the architect and college engineer go over the estimates together. Ques. Does the architect at the time of submitting plans and speci- fications make, also a written estimate of the amount and cost of ma- terials, or does he give this information verbally? Ans. Verbally, in general. He is present with the board when the bids are opened and acts as their advisor. He always sits with the committee which tabulates the bids and makes recommendation to the trustees. The board consider that as far as estimating the cost of the building is concerned he is the highest and best authority. He must naturally gather the data for such estimate before preparing the plans and specifications. He is acquainted with the cost of buildings; he has had experience in making estimates; it would seem as if in the very nature of the case he would be well fitted to advise the trustees and protect them from a collusion of bidders. Ques. Does your superintendent of construction take a list of materials and prices and make an estimate of what the proposed build- ing should cost? Ans. I think not. After the contract is let the college engineer makes monthly estimates, as the work progresses, in which he takes account of all the material that has gone into the building and the price of the same. Ques. This is the contract price? Ans. Yes, but he can tell of course by comparison whether the contract price is high or low. Ques. What we want to know is whether, aside from the architect's estimate, any effort is made to ascertain just what this material and work should cost? Ans. No, the board relies upon the architect with his ability, in- tegrity and expert knowledge to give them this information and keep them from accepting an unreasonable bid. It should be remembered, too, that generally a number of bids are received varying considerably in amount. In the case of our new Engineering Hall the bids varied from $161,800.00 to $188,786.00; in the case of the farm mechanics addition to Agricultural Hall from $37,974 to $47,747.00; in the case of the new Central Building from $325,267 to $364,892. The lowest bid in this last case was afterwards reduced through certain omissions to $262,000. The method of letting contract upon the basis of com- petitive bids is the one employed by the National Government and by all large corporations. In practice it has given the college first class buildings at a low cost. It is possible for bidders to combine, but a competent and reliable architect safeguards the college against serious loss from such combination, while on the other hand, there is much of danger in an institution attempting to employ labor, purchase material and oversee the details of the erection of a large building. Ques. Does the building committee consult with the college en- gineer as to the materials used? Ans. By Trustee Wilson: As a member of the building committee, I can answer that. yes. Ques. Then it is true that the engineer makes an independent estimate of the cost of the building and compares it with that of the architect? Does he submit a written statement? Ans. By Wilson: No, sir. Ques. Have you ever made any investigation, independent of the architect, and obtained figures as to whether you could save anything on these buildings by erecting them under the direct supervision of your superintendent of construction instead of by contract? Ans. In some cases, yes. The heating system in the Central Building, for example, is to be put in by the L. H. Kurtz Co. of Des Moines, at cost of material and labor plus 10 per cent for supervision, use of tools, etc. The company guarantees, however, that the entire cost shall not exceed the lowest bids submitted to the board in con- nection with this work. In general, however, in the erection of large buildings, the board follows the plan of competitive bids and letting the contract to the lowest bidder. Mr. Dixon, chairman of the building committee, is here today and will be glad. I know, to answer any questions about these building matters you may see fit to ask. (Secretary Stanton, Transcript, 31-33.) Mr. Dixon, Chairman of Building Committee. From the testimony of Chairman Dixon, which is found on pages 74 to 83, inclusive, of the transcript, it appears, contracts for the construction of the large buildings are let by the board of trustees. Bids are advertised for and the contract awarded to the lowest bidder. Estimates as to cost are made by the architect, and his advice is largely relied upon. "He knows the value of work of that kind. Architects have a system of measure- ments by which they can tell about what a building should cost." Oral, not written statements are made by the architect. Ques. Do you consider an estimate made in that rough way, relia- ble for so large a structure? Ans. It is probably not very close, but we could tell pretty nearly what die building snould cost. The board roli.e? on the architect "the competition of the bidders and the general cost of a structure of that kind." Bids are frequently rejected "We advertised very thoroughly on the heating and plumbing bids for the new central building. The lowest bidder was Kurtz & Company of Des Moines, and in consulta- tion with Professor Bissell, an estimate was made by him, and after considering the matter, we concluded the bids were too high. We de- cided to buy the materials ourselves and get some one to do the work for us. We made a contract with Kurtz & Company to superintend the work on what was known as the per cent basis. Ten per cent was al- 104 lowed for purchasing this material for us and ten per cent for his profit in furnishing the labor, and he guarantees that the entire con- tract shall not exceed the lowest bid, which was his own. Professor Bissell checks over his purchases, and we are protected in that way That is the only contract we ever let on that basis for work of that magnitude, we did not have the men nor the equipment and could not have. done the work." Ques. Then what would be your idea about employing a man for that purpose? Ans. Well if we could get a man that was an expert plumber, mechanical engineer, expert architect and contractor as well as builder, for a reasonable salary, I think it would be a good investment. After receiving bids "we take the lowest bid and consult with the architect and engineer, and if we think the lowest bid a good and rea- sonable one, we accept it, and award the contract." Bids on Central Building Benson & Marxer $390,000 Cap City Brick & Pipe Co 367,000 James Rawson & Son 402,196 H. W. Schlueter 351,685 Now these bids were all rejected. May 6, 1903, bids were opened. George J. Grant $364,892 H. W. Schlueter 325.267 James Rawson & Son 346,418 W. J. McAlton 355,100 Cap. City Brick & Pipe Co 365,000 You will find on the biennial reports, for the last three or four re- ports, bids on all the buildings erecting during that time. The amounts are given in that report. Bids on Dairy Building H. W. Schlueter . .- $47,800.00 Marcus N. Hall 59,000.00 John R. Gear 55,841 . 00 E. W. Nichols & Co 59,487.45 The bid accepted was that of W. H. Schlueter at $45,800. Same Manner of Letting Contracts. Prof. Marston: In regard to the method employed by the college in letting contracts for build- ings, I would say that it is exactly the method which is employed by the best business corporations in private work and which is often pre- scribed by law for public work. This method is that of having the cost of the building estimated by an expert architect, of advertising thor- oughly for sealed bids, and of awarding the work to the lowest respon- sible bidder, with the advice of our architect, assisted by the college engineer and our mechanical engineer on the engineering features. Experience in attempting to do state work in any other way than awarding contracts in this public and guarded way is disastrous, and It has been found that such work has been, as a rule more costly than 105 contract work, besides opening many more opportunities for favoritism and other objectionable practices. In regard to estimating the cost of a building, I would say that the architect who prepares the designs really has more complete and detailed information regarding the features of the building and is bet- ter able as a good architect to estimate the cost than any other person you could employ. He is familiar with all the features, and an expert architect has a higher degree of skill than the ordinary builder or superintendent. I have had much experience in connection with the estimating of work and my experience is that the best experienced man finds it impossible usually before hand to exactly estimate the cost of the work. * * * Contractors' themselves make wide differences. I can recall a difference of $40,000 made on a bid for a single building for the college. This was the case with the central building, the bids which were let some time ago were $325,000 and $365,000. In the case of engineering hall the lowest bid on the main part of the work was $155,000, while the highest bid was $190,000 or more. In connection with the possibility of preparing exact estimates be- forehand, I would say that the courts have held that if the actual cost of the building comes within 25 per cent of the estimated cost the architect who agreed to prepare plans for a building to cost a certain sum has fulfilled his contract. That is, 25 per cent variation from the estimated cost is not an unreasonable amount. My experience Is that this rule of the courts should be just and proper. I have known esti- mates made by skillful men to vary 50 per cent from the actual cost. Ques. For example, take the Dairy Building. If you had decided upon the size, plans, specifications, material to be used inside and out. and the fire-proofing, by going upon the market and getting the best prices on the material named, could you not have made a pretty close estimate on the cost of the building? Ans. Yes, I think I could have made a pretty fair estimate. Of course there should be allowed a considerable per cent, perhaps 25 per cent, in accordance with the court rule before mentioned, for un- avoidable uncertainties in such estimates. (Transcript, 84-86.) Method of Inspection of Work on Buildings. I have general charge of the work and visit it frequently. The work on the new Central building is within sight of my office window. I also employ inspectors to remain constantly on the work inspecting it as each part progresses. These inspectors determine whether the mortar is mixed in the proper proportions, they throw out any defective sacks of cement or poor brick or other materials, and see that the masonry is laid and all other work done in strict accordance with the specifications. They report promptly to me any features of poor workmanship or materials and I decide what shall be done in doubtful cases. When I find poor work- manship or defective material on my visits to the work I require them to be corrected even to the extent of tearing down work already in. I would say that our materials are tested as they arrive. For ex- ample, a certain number of samples are taken from each car of cement and tested in our cement laboratory and the cement is required to 106 meet certain specified requirements as to strength and other qualities. In the case of steel, I employ inspecting companies who inspect and test the material first at the mills where it is manufactured and second at the shops where it is worked up into the forms in which it is to be used in the building. They test the tensile strength, ducility, chemical composition, and other properties of the steel and make regu- lar reports which are kept on file. The erection of the steel. is inspected at the college. Our men, for example, test the rivets to see whether they are tight, and other features of the erection work are inspected carefully. Our inspectors employed at the college are, as a rule, advanced en- gineering students of previous experience in engineering work. Our head inspector on the central building is a student who had had sev- eral years experience in engineering work before coming here, and one of the sub-inspectors was employed several years in a structural steel drafting room before coming here. I employ a sufficient number of inspectors to enable one to be kept constantly on the work. These men are paid by the hour. By our system we have men in general charge who are more ex- pert engineers than any superintendent employed by the year for all classes of work could be, and we have inspectors constantly on the work, where a superintendent could be only part of the time, since his other duties would require part of his time to be spent elsewhere. Moreover the total cost of superintendence and inspection is much less with us than the salary of a superintendent, as our inspectors are paid only when work is actually going on, and our local superintendents are not allowed any increase in salary for this work. Architects Compensation. Architect for making plans and speci- fications and for superintending the work during the erection of build- ings is paid three per cent of the cost price. He visits the college three or four times a month. (Transcript, 81.) Architects Compensation. Following is a statement of the amount paid architects for five years ending June 30, 1905: Proudfoot & Bird. August 29, 1900 $ 1,500 . 00 June 19, 1902 151.18 November 22, 1902 812.87 February 19. 1903 1,000 . 00 May 28, 1903 1,000.00 July 15, 1903 4,000 . 00 September 23, 1903 300.00 May 3, 1904 500.00 June 2, 1904 1,850.75 June 2, 1904 , 563.57 August 26, 1904 151.20 November 7. 1904 1,000 . 00 June 30, 1905 481.00 $13,310.57 107 Liebbe, Nourse and Rasmussen. August 23, 1900 25.00 September 29, 1900 12.00 October 1, 1900 237.00 May 1, 1901 200.00 August 4, 1902 345.60 $ 819.60 Hallett and Rawson. September 22, 1900 , . 145.95 November 17, 1900 131.43 April 16, 1902 198.60 $ 475.98 (Treasurer Knapp to the Committee, December 2, 1905.) Educational Work. President Storms: As to the scope of the edu- cational work of the institution I would refer you to page 5, section 4 of the Rules and Regulations, which gives a statement from the original land grant act. * * * "Certain money shall go to the endowment, support and maintenance of at least one college, where the leading object shall be, without excluding other scientific and classical studies, and including military tactics, to teach such branches of learning as are related to agriculture and the mechanic arts, in such manner as the legislatures of the states may respectively prescribe, in order to promote the liberal and practical education of the industrial classes in the several pursuits and professions of life." Supplementing that on page 9, section 1, of this report, it says: "Certain money to be applied only to instruction in agriculture, the mechanic arts, the English language and the various branches of math- ematical, physical, natural and economic science, with special reference to their application in the industries of life and to the facilites for such instruction." On page 34, section VIII, from the State Statutes: "There shall be adopted and taught practical courses of study embracing in their teaching branches such as relate to agriculture and the mechanic arts, and such other branches as are best calculated to thoroughly educate the agricultural and industrial classes in the several pursuits and professions of life, including military tactics, and, as a separate department, a school of mines, in which a complete course is theoret- ical and practical mining in its different branches shall be taught." Perhaps that is sufficient to indicate the evident scope and purpose of the educational work of the institution in the minds of its founders and as stated in the statutes, and we have construed this to mean, as indicated, the broad and thorough education of the youth who come here for that purpose; the difference between this and the older type of school and the older curricula being the transfer of emphasis from the classical studies to the science and the sciences as applied to the 108 industries of life. It becomes, therefore, in a large sense an institu- tion of technology with special reference to the leading industries and the application of science to those industries. We believe that the study of science and of applied science has an educational value that is not inferior to the value of the older curricula and that in dignity and educational value an institution of this kind with its purposes and spirit and scope stands along side of the older type of university and college, and we believe that when young people pass out from instruction here they are more in sympathy with the actual indus- tries of the world and are better prepared to put themselves to the business of the world with efficiency than they would be with a more abstract type of education. However, it never has been construed to be an attitude inimical to classical culture whose value we recognize* as all men do. Now in carrying out this purpose the institution is de- veloping its work in science as fundamental to all our courses. The courses in science include general culture studies, particularly in English and a general survey of history and the science of methe- matics and economic science and civics or civil government, and lay a broad foundation for the study of the pure sciences, as chemistry (no student can pass through any four years course without at least a year of chemistry) botany, zoology and physics. The four years science courses lead to the degree of Bachelor of Science and are more generally understood than the technical sides of our work. (Transcript, 90-91.) Same. Dean Curtis: Our work in this department of the institu- tion has been more, largely in the collegiate courses, than in most of the institutions of similar nature in adjoining states. In the sur- rounding states the short courses has been emphasized, and until re- cently the attendance in some of the institutions has been almost en- tirely enrolled in these courses. Recently, however, they have strenth- ened and emphasized the work in the four year collegiate courses cor- responding to those in this institution, and the attendance in those courses in other institutions has increased very rapidly of late. Our work differs from that of other institutions in that we have always emphasized the work in the collegiate courses and have always had the greater number of our students enrolled in these courses. Then, in addition, we have established two weeks courses in stock judging, agronomy and dairying, and during the past winter work in Domestic Science was offered in connection with this, and that has proven very popular. This institution was first to establish the special two weeks courses, and since then at least six or seven other institutions have of- fered similar courses. Then, in addition to the two lines of work I have mentioned, namely, the collegiate four year courses in agriculture and the special two weeks courses, we have an arrangement by which those who feel that they cannot afford to give four years time to college work can take special courses of one or two years, and they are allowed to select special courses of study along the lines of agriculture in which they wish to work. Those studies are selected from the four years 109 collegiate course. Many of the students who take up that work as special students conclude to complete a four years course and the work which they took up as special work is credited on the four years course. We also have a one year course in butter and cheese making. (Transcript, 63-64.) Same. Professor Marston: As regards the history of our en- gineering departments and their development, I would say that since beginning we have had the courses in engineering, especially mechan- ical and civil. Electrical engineering was a later development and was established about fifteen years ago, at about the same time as courses in electrical engineering were first developed at other tech- nical institutions. The course in mining engineering was established in obedience to a special act passed by the legislature in 1892. As regards the nature and the standard of our engineering work, I would say that we have about the same requirement for admission as the Universities of Nebraska, Wisconsin, Minnesota and Illinois, with all the schools through which we come in close relationship along these lines. As regards the nature of the work in the engineer- ing courses, it is about the same as is given in the engineering courses of the good engineering schools of the country. Transcript, 92.) Professor Barrett High School Inspector President Storms: He has the chair of Civics, and there has been also assigned to him the somewhat indefinite task of reorganizing the college in its relation the secondary schools of the state. We find, for instance, that less than one-half the high schools of the state are on the accredited list or the partially accredited list. There are 175 high schools not on the list at all and we feel there should be some knd of relation- ship established between the college and these schools that the way might be opened for them to come to the college for work which we offer. It is a large field and he is particularly qualified to deal with that question because of his six years experience as state superintend- ent. Ques. Does he visit high schools? Ans. The board has authorized him to do so as far as he can and carry his work here. We have tried to arrange his time so that the latter part of each week he can make engagements outside. Ques. Is not the same work being done at the University? Ans. They have a high school inspector who spends his entire time in the state. By co-operation of the colleges and the university there has been compiled a partial list of the schools of the state. Ques. Do Professor Barrett and the University man act together u,nd consult each other? Ans. There has been no mapping out of the state between them so far as I know. The college has been in co-operation with the State Teachers' Association which includes the University and has gladly accepted and gladly given any information obtainable from any re- liable source as to the work being done by the high schools, and thus no we have made up our list of accredited and partially accredited schools. (Transcript, 104.) Same. President Storms: Concerning Professor Barrett's work it should be added that Professor Barrett, at the request of the presi- dent and as chairman of the faculty committee on entrance require- ments, has taken over from the president's office largely the corres- pondence concerning entrance to the college and has shared with the president the responsibility of meeting so far as possible the requests from teachers associations and institutes, through the state, for ad- dresses upon educational themes. The high school inspection or vis- iting thus far done has been quite limited as Professor Barrett has had but little time to give to this work. (Transcript, 105.) ill STATEMENT OF THE WORK OF INSTRUCTORS. The following detailed statements have been made to the- committee under date of November 25, 1905: DEPARTMENT OF MATHEMATICS. Below is a table showing in detail the work of each in- structor in the Department of Mathematics: Name of Instructor. Hours Instruction. Hours Laboratory. Number Sectious Students in Section. Prof E W Stanton 11 30 each Maria M Roberts 19 3 sections 1 day 20 each B. A. Pattengill 25 * .::...' '.'.'. 8 sections 1 day 5 sections daily 1 additional section 14 davs from 5-40 from 17-81 Julia T. Colpitts 23 5 sections 3 days Annie Fleming 25 * hrs. 4 secti jn 2 days 5 sections daily from 17-30 1 additional section from 14-28 13 dttvs Ward M. Jones 25 * 5 sect ions daily 1 additional section from 19-31 16 days J F TraviB 20 * 4 sections daily 1 additional beet-ion 11 days from 16-88 Margarat Stanton 11 2 sections 4 days 28-38 19 * Erma Wiley 5 1 section daily 25 * .Keo Anderson 5 1 section daily 20 * Agnes Moshfcr 5 1 section daily 10 174 * This makes on an average 85 sections daily in the department. One section has only 5 students, there are 7 others under 20. The remaining 27 range in size from 20 to 40. * Student Assistants. Notel. With the exception of Mathematics XIII. 2 hours and Mathematics XVI. 4 hours, all classes are 5 hours per week. Note 2. The several instructors meet each day and average of different students as follows : Prof. Stanton 60 Miss Roberts 78 Mr. Pattengill 117 Miss Colpitts 101 Miss Fleming 108 Mr. Jonen 119 Mr. Travis 117 Note that the above is the number of different students on the average per day. he basis of individuaslg per week this would be: Miss Stanton . . 57 Miss Wiley 35 Miss Anderson 29 MissMosher 10 On Miss Stanton 282 Miss Wiley .' 125 Miss Anderson 100 MissMosher 50 8,910 Prof. Stanton 300 MissRoberts 890 Mr. Pattengill 585 Miss Colpitts 505 Miss Fleming 540 Mr. Jones 590 Mr. Travis 570 There are 859 classified students in different studies in the department. Note 3. In addition to the above time, which is given to the class as a whole, the various teachers put in on the average, the following number of hours individual help with students : Miss Roberts. 5 hours per week. Mr. Pattengill, 5 hours per week. Miss Colpitts, 5 hours per week. 112 Miss Fleming, 2 hours per week. Mr. Jones, 2 hours per week. Mr. Travis, 3 hours per week. The student teachers each average an hour or more daily in private work with stu- dents and for this they receive no pay. Note 4. Before classes began this term, the teachers of the department were occu- pied as follows : Miss Roberts, 14 full days preparing classification cards and helping with classi- fication on opening days. Mr. Fattengill, 10 days om same work as Miss Roberts. Mils Colpitts, 4 full days (including evenings) on examinations. Miss Fleming, 6 days on time table committee. Mr. Jones, 4 days on classification work. Mr. Travis, One day on examination. Note 5. During the year .we examine a large number of schools in their mathe- matics. The department force will spend not less than 100 hours in this work this term, fully 80 of which is done by Miss Colpitts. Note 6. Miss Roberts takes charge of the Mathematical Offices afternoons daily, and on the average puts in four additional hours each day at this work. Her time is occupied in consulting students about their work in the department, changes in their classifica- tion, and with special examinations. She also keeps up the records of the office, attends to the department mail, directs the work in mimeographing such supplemental work as is used in the various classes and such other work as naturally falls to a department office. Note 7. Time given to preparation for classes. In order to conduct large classes ia mathematics with success, instructors must devote much time to preparation, especially in the advanced work. Preparation in algebra, trigonometry, analytic geometry, calcu- us, etc. should take, for instance, as much time on the average as for classes in any other department. DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING. Number of students classified in the four years' course in Mechanical Engineering, 129. Number of students from other courses taking work in the Department of Mechanical Engineering, 275. Below is a detailed statement of the work of each instructor in this department : Name of Instructor. Hours Instruction. Hours Laboratory. Number Section. Students in Section. H W Dow 7 8 7 19-19 29 27 23* W M Wilson 11 3 81-37-58 M P Cleghorn 4 16 5 27-11-13-15-19, E C Potter 44 11 168 F H Ricker 18 is 13-22-18 W E Reuling 8 2 11-22 F 6 Allen .... 2 28 9 319 J H Lyton . . . 30 11 296 E M Slangier 44 11 163 J. GK Hummel , 44 11 120 87 11 188 D M Ourl 44 11 183 W H Meeker 5 16 7 38-46-40-11-18; Q W Bissell 7 16 g 15-9 44 19-46-40-10 10-10-10 118 DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING. Number of students in the four year course in Civil Engineer- ing, 261. Number of students classified in other courses taking work in your department, 127 (This is for second semester only). Below is a table showing in, detail the work of each instructor in this department. Name of Instructor. Hours Instruction. Hours Laboratory. No. Sections. Students in Section. .A.. Marston f 0* 3 82 to 52 L E Ashbaugh 7 18* ft 30 to 85 F. G. French ... g 19* 7 17 to 42 T. H. MacDonald J. E. Stewart 2 4 12** 33 S 7 80 to 40 14 to 47 C. Johnson 4 21 6 14 to 36 * The above doea not count in any of the office work. In the case of Professor Marston the office and general work would probably average about eight hours per day. In the case of professors Ashbaugh and French, they are consulted by students in. the office frequently, besides their correspondence and other office work. ** Most of Mr. MacDonald's time is taken up by the good roads work and is paid for from the Good Roads Fund. In his laboratory work there are two student assistants who have immediate charge of the rooms and. Mr. MacDonald exercises only general oversight. Mr. MacDonald's work would probably average ten hours per day. Note. In addition to the above, student assistants are employed in marking the Des- criptive Geometry problems, of which hundreds require examination every week. DEPARTMENT OF MINING ENGINEERING. Number of students classified in the four year course in Min- ing Engineering, 30. Number of students classified in other courses taking work in the Department of Mining Engineering, 48. Below is a table showing in detail the work of each Instructor in this Department: Name of Instructors. Hours. Instruction. Hours. Laboratory. No. Sections. Students in Section. 8. W. Beyer 13 General over- 1 10 (5 hr. ) E. B. Bugbec 17 sight of Labor- atory impossi- ble to estimate in hours 9 Thesis work 1 1 Seminary 35 (5 hr.) 7 (S hr. ) 14 (1 hr.) 13 (3 hr. ) I. A. Williams 5 3 Mining 2 9 (3 hr. ) 4 (4 hr.) 4 (1 hr. ) 8 (8 hr ) 8 Gen'l Geol. 6 (3 hr. ) 114 DEPARTMENT OF DAIRYING. Number of students classified in the four year course in Dairying, 17. Number of students classified in other courses taking work in the Dairy Department, 23. Below is a table showing in detail the work of each instructor in this department: Name of Instructor. Hours. Instruction per week. Hours. Laboratory. No. Section. Students in Section. Q. L. M'Kay 2 1 1 5 F. W. Bouska 1 18 2 1 1 1 3 17 C. Larsen 1 2 8 2 1 1 1 1 9 5 5 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 6 4 9 9 DEPARTMENT OF SOILS. Number of students classified in the four year course in Agronomy, 13. Number of students classified in other courses taking work in the Department of Soils, 24. Below is a table giving in detail the work of each instructor in the Department : Name of Instructor. W H. Stevenson . Hours Instruction. 6 Hours Laboratory. 6 Number Sections. 3 Students In Section. 18 18-10 G. I. Christie 12 2 18 I O. Schaub 12 10 115 DRPARTKENT OF ANIMAL HUSBANDRY. Number of students classified in the four years course of Animal Husbandry, 122. Number of special students classified for work in the Depart- ment of Animal Husbandry, 43. Number of students classified for work in other courses tak- ing work in the department of Animal Husbandry, 105. Below is a table showing in detail the work of each instructor in this department. Name of Instructor. Hrs. Instruc- tion per Week Hours Laboratory. Number Sections. Students in Section. W. J. Rutherford II VII 2 2 4 1 1 37 36 x 2 1 24 Post Graduate . . . 1 1 3 Wayne Dinsmore II 1 33 2 1 29 v 2 1 63 Carl W. GET II 1 37 IV W W Smith II 2 1 1 25 27 IX 2 1 41 Dairy X 1 1 8 O. W. Rubel assists Professor Rutherford's section of II. DEPARTMENT OF FARM MECHANICS. Number of students taking workjin the department of Farm Mechanics, 78. Below is a table showing in detail the~work of each instructor in this Department : Name of Instructor. Hours Instruction. Hours Laboratory. Number Sections. Students of Sections. O. J. Zintheo * H N Bainer 5 14 8 1 2 78 18-24 A. C. Athwton 24 12 108 John Hoover 8 3 16-18-10 * Student Assistant. DEPAPTMENT OF HORTICULTURE. Number of students in the four year course in Horticulture. Number of students classified in other courses taking work in the Department of Horticulture. Below is a table showing in detail the work of each instructor in this Department. Name of Instructor. Hours Instruction. Hours Laboratory. Number Sections. Students in Sections. AT Erwin . .. g 7 1C9 HP Baker Q g 3 22 M.L. Merritt 8 12 6 104 One-half time belongs to the Experiment Station. 116 DEPARTMENT OF CHEMISTRY. Number of students taking work in the Department of Chem- istry, 302. Below is a table showing in detail the work of each instruc- tor in the Department : Name of Instructor. Hours Instruction. Hours Laboratory. No. Sections. Students in Sections. A A. Bennett 14 24 g 90 L A Placeway 11 24 4 110 W. P. Conver 6 24 3 62 . B C McKinney 6 24 2 41 flT. A. Bevan 24 E. Mckimm 24 B. 81ter 24 The last three names on the list employ their morning hours in preparation of materials, etc. DEPARTMENT OF BOTANY. Total number of students taking work in the Department of Botany . Below is a table showing in detail the work of each instructor in this Department : Name of Instructor. Hours Instruction. Hours Laboratory. No. Sections. Students in Section. L H. Pammel XIV I 2 XV 2 3 1 g I 1 2 28-47 XI 1 3 1 g X 1 3 1 2 Ill 3 1 T4 VIII 2 XVI 1 21 XVI 1 1 Post Graduate . . . 2 3 5 R. B Buchanan 12 3 12 24 7 4 148-167 ~~ 25-2-2-2 Estelle Fogle 16 4 28-26-21-21 H. 8. Fawcett 16 4 20-18-19-18 117 DEPARTMENT ZOO' OGY. Number of students taking work in department of Zoology, 224. Below is a table showing in detail the work of each in- structor in the Department : Name of Instructor. Hours I nstruction. Hours Laboratory. No. Section. Students in Section. H E Summers 12 Too variable 9 54-55-20 to estimate. 19-15-15 21-21-1 In laboratory work, 4 students, each working individually 9 hours per week, part of their time being simultaneous, part separate. j. 'E. GFuthrie 20 5 148 0. E. Bartholomew 20 5 148 DEPARTMENT OF ECONOMIC SCIENCE. Number of students taking work in the Department of Econ- omic Science. Below is a table showing in detail the work of each instructor in the Department. Name of Instructor. Hours Instruction. Hours Laboratory. No. Section. Students in Section. B H Hibbard I 5 1 54 V 3 1 22 VI n 1 17 IV 2 1 27 DEPARTMENT OF DOMESTIC SCIENCE. Number of students in the four year course in Domestic Science. Total number of students taking work in the Department of Domestic Science, 304. Below is a table showing in detail the work of each instructor in this Department: Name of Instructor. Hours Instruction. Hours Laboratory. No Section. Students in Section. Frances Williams 2 18 6 15-15-16 Ruth Morrison 2 9 4 12-13-9 Qeorgetta Witter 4 12 5 19-13-30-11 19-19-16-H-25 Total number of students taking work in the Department of Literature and Rhetoric, 867. Below is a table showing in detail the work of each instructor in this Department. N ame. Course. Hours. Instruction, Hours. Laboratory . Hours. Preparation. Sect. Students. A. B Noble Lit. VII 2 1 4-8 1 14 11 Eng. VI 5 1 3 12-14 10-20 6-12 1 1 37 80j E McLean Lit. Ill 8 3 26-28 1 20-40 9-18 3 1 90 21 Eng. VI V O 2 2 5 15 10 3 6-12 4- 8 8- 5 1 2 1 73 86 21 Helen Reed Eng VI 12 1 29 14 22-87 6-12 6 1 201 86 " III 10 15 10 2 44 Effle White Eng. VI " IV 11 1 2 5 29 14 16 9 16-12 4-10 44- 8 5-10 3 1 2 1 80 26 78 26 Ro^e Abel Ene VI 8 (As reader) SO 12-14 18-28 6-12 4 130 30 10 M IV 5 18 7 10-12 4- 6 3 1 97 18 *Blanche Thoburn. Eng. II 8 10 5 87-39 22 6 20-30 8 4 2. 1 110-40 50 . 18 Elizabeth Moore Sng. IV " III 2 10 13 19 10-15 10-16 2 2 62 51 D. Thompkins Eng. II 12 10 2 32 22 5 20-30 5-8 4-6 4 2 1 113 50 20 15 27 9-14 8 70 *For several weeks Miss Thoburn read one set of essays in English V 119 DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC SPEAKING. Number of students taking work in the Department of Pub- lic Speaking, 314. Below is a table showing in detail the work of each instructor in the Department : Name of Instructor. Hours, lastruction. Hours. Laboratory. No. Sections Students in Sections. A.M. Newens 13 10 &A 13-10-11 Miss Lentner 7 18 6 12-8 25-"21 3 Miss Tilden (Physical Culture.) 8 5 4 25-31-19 About 18 each. Also has: Junior Class Play, Senior Class Program, Declam- atory Contest, State Oratorical Contest, Grinnell Debate. Oration papers, 30 to 45 each term. DEPARTMENT OF FRENCH AND GKRMAN. Number of students taking work in the Department of French and German, 366. Below is a table showing in detail the work of each instructor in this Department: Name of Instructor. Hours. Instruction, Hours. Laboratory. No. Sections. Students in Section. Lizzi* M Allis 23 5 g Grace Norton 25 5 8 17 12 30 26 Florence Lucas 22 5 86 23 M 16 6 Lisle McCollum 24 6 33 3 7 6 g !? 30 10 16 120 DEPARTMENT OP HISTORY. Number of students taking work in the Department of His- tory, 538. Below is a table showing in detail the work of each instructor in the department : Name of Instructor. Hours Instruction. Beading Papers. Sections. Students in Sections. O H Cessna 15 7 82 P 8 Pierce .... 17 15 11 830 Mae Miller 20 10 5 96 Ethvl Ces*na 10 8 2 so Besides overseeing the Department and service as chaplain, which equals at least 48 hours. D PARTMENT OF CIVICS. Total number of students enrolled in the Department of Civics, 66. Below is a table showing in detail the work of the Instructor in this Department:- Name of Instructor. Hours Instruction. Hours Laboratory. No. Sections. Students in Sections. R. C. Barrett 6 3 11-3C-19 Same. Secretary Stanton : It is not an easy matter to tabulate the work of our officers and instructors in this way. In my own case, for instance the table simple shows a part of the work done in the department. You will see at once that a man having charge of a department employing several assistants and with an enrollment of nearly eight hundred students, must necessa- rily have work outside of the class-room. I am also Dean of the Junior College and am responsible for the classification and class work of some 800 or 900 students. As secretary and member of the Board of Audit I am required to pass upon all bills paid by the College. An account is also kept in my office of every finan- cial transaction connected with the institution. All purchas- es of supplies and equipment are made by the Purchasing Com- mittee of which I am chairman. I cite my own case simply as an example. 121 SSoo :o 'oSooooo 88SS : :8SS8888 inn 1-4 & -i-J" oa4iJc4Wf"F oooooo -oo 3 oo o ' ' oo'ooo '< 28S :' rH- of-H'ef :*;* ~ -naff OO<*5o :8coo88 coSoo > ic o o o 33383 s? :SSS . : :8 IO'SO'^-T'^CQ' " . o r-Tr-Tw r-T ocoooooo co "COOOOOOT-. t- >o : o* O^^'N T-T ss :398 '(jJ-nVT rH-*" -^H tD O r-i < sii 88 ;8 8 :888888 .^- o-v-ivr 88 :888 ,8S :8 :s?s! -0N( :8S8 'c5o 8 :S 80 :8 ^r NT-TM' >o .o !g :3 ;8 .88S88 o o o o o o :S :g88'c '-* " Of CO'-*' 88S8 8 8 . 8 :8 0o 'o 55 O rH .-T 'oo?o ^o^o :5S 'of 8 *8 88 :8 :8 - :888 8888 888 88 .8 .888 : ^r 8 :8 S8 :8 S8 :S :S : iS ~~ -O f . jtfj I C3CI3C S :8 88 8 8 :88 ;888 :5: s^.iraa^ 12! 888858 ,88 : : .SSSggSSSS sssssssssssss : . : 88 :8 :8 SSSSSS88S8SS88SS88S888S 888888 8S8888 oorH~fcafo'co't-"'eo' 8888888888S888888SS8S8 8 5cS88S88888SS8S888S8S8S8S *sTO i 4 Oi i"H rH QJ -^ rH Di ^ OJ ^* rH ^ CC CD CO I CQ Pi t-H SS888888888M88888S88S8SS O5 t-COOO 58S88888888S88888S88888 )t-Ot-OB^i-IOO^lt-Ot-C OOiOO *3 3888888888fiS888S888S888 8888888SS88888888 oocSooo pOQQQCD 8888888888888888888888 >O"OOC5OOOOOC3C5OOOOOCJOo'oC> :g :| tlilffl 1^3^ O 0) 5 a? :^3 sc 6CO !S| . nH<5 .:3 -S I ^-2 bNa.s'&'aj.S'il3'3'5!r 2 bo : S J gT3 ? r ||| p||a g I "1 ]iifl|li |fii| I |H|I siioN3a3ofe >j1 ' ~ 124 s" IPs fcJO c TJ crl .2 'S3 i Is II IS a g 60 S : S8888888888S odoooo'ooduido 888 ^8888888888 :gS888Sg 8888 888SS 88 : S888S is'ss 88888 S888S 151 388 :8 lli ; |I a -g 3 -s & * * "^ '*S 51 ^o& H* SSS 8888 88 88 88 IS888888 ig|8 :82 8888888S 8g||82gl 88885888 g||8 of 888 8888888888888 8888888888888 88888888S88 |8 f'ooOO^tOOOOiflS O O^OOC-CvMOQOr^ -CD O ~t > a : 3 ill, TI a ^ : be ^o : *O :fc J:-gTfcS5ie --ga :o IfiSSli S : H ^:? -s I! : d : aj ^S : 0)4=60 5S-S |S MfbSji] !! ^2 i! 3-8 126 President's Office Expenses. The expense of the president's of- fice are "included under administrative and contingent expenses as illustrated in the statement of such expenses for 1904 and 1905" sub- mitted by President Storms to the committee of date Sept. 11, 1905, and which is now on file in the office of the secretary of state. Said statement is in words, following: Secretary and stenographer, for president's office -...$1,600.00 Catalogues, printing, stationery and advertising 4,000.00 Ringing chimes 115 . 00' Telephone service 1 . . 125.00 Proctors 175 . 00 Manuals for chapel use . 50.00 Advertising in Student 50.00 Advertising in Iowa Engineer 50.00 Advertising in Agric 50.00 Address before college and trustees 100. 00 Annual fee of Agricultural College Association 15.00 Insuring treasurers balance 13.50 Harvest home excursion 250 . 00 Commencement week expenses 50.00 High school inspection 100 . 00 President's fund 400.00 Total .;. $7,143.50 Employees Other Than Teachers. President Storms: The follow- ing are the statements of department employees other than teachers, for 1904-1905: Department of Military Science Department of Language Department of Botany Stenographer $ 180.00 Laboratory Assistants 162.00 342.00 Dean of Women Student labor, 1,800 hours at Sets 144.00 Office of Secretary Stanton For regular stenographers, accountants and stu- dent help (see attached list for detailed statement) 1.000 . 00 Office of Purchasing Committee Ira J. Welch, secretary 300.00 Gertrude Jones, stenographer 100.00 400.00 Office of E. W. Stanton, Dean of Junior College For clerical and stenographic work (See at- tached statement) 375 . 00 Office of Dean Stanton, Classification Work, During opening of semester For clerical work (see attached statement)... 318.04 Library For student assistants in the library 225.00 Department of Economic Science Student labor, 20cts per hour 8 00 Treasurer's Office Cashier, $55 per month 660.00 Bookkeeper, $55 per month 660 . 00 Stenographer, $55 per month. . 660.00 Record clerk, $50 per month 600.00 2,580.00 itr Department of Public Speaking Clerical and stenographic work Department of Zoology Department of Chemistry Dispensing clerk, 9 mo. at $26 per month 234.00 Dispensing clerk, 9 mo. at $13.40 per month. . 105.60 Department of Soils Stenographer, $30 per month 360 Department of Mechanical Engineering Stenographer, $55 per month 660 Department of Domestic Science 20 hours stenographic work, at 25cts per hour. 5 Department of History Department of Husbandry Stenographer, $27.50 per month 330.00 Stenographer, $60.00 per month 720.00 Department of English Stenographic help, 2171 hours at 25cts per hour 54.44 Clerical work, 255 hours at 15cts 38.30 Civil Engnieering Department Stenographer, $60 per month 720.00 900 hourse stenographic help, at 25cts per hour 225.00 Agronomy Department Stenographer, $30 per month 360.00 Stenographer, $25 per month 300.00 Office assistant, one-half time 390.00 1,050.00 Civics Department Stenographic work, 87| hours at 25cts per hour 21.85 Clerical work, 20 hours at 15cts per hour 3.00 24.85 Dairy Department For stenographic work 524.77 For student labor, at 12 Jets per hour 184.58 For drayage Ill . 15 820 . 50 Veterinary Department Clerical work, 4421 hours at 20cts per hour. .. 84.55 84.55 Department of Geology and Mining Engineering Clerical work, 85 J hours at 15 to 25cts 17.56 Student labor, 873 hours at 15 to 20cts 170.40 Stenographic work, part time at rate of $50 per month 245.32 433.28 Department of Electrical Engineering Stenographic, one-half time, $25 per month.. 225.00 Mechanician, $40 per month for 9 months .... 360.00 Student asssitance, 160 hours, 25cts 40.12 625.12 Horticultural Department For stenographic help 419 . 00 For gardner 700 . 00 For teamster 400.00 For student labor on campus and in fields at the rate of 12| to 15cts per hour 1,800.00 3,319.00 138 Agricultural Division, Director's Office and Farm Department Sam Nicholls, care of horses 600 . 00 Win. Burlton, care of cattle 804 . 00 Wilson Rowe, care of hogs 720 . 00 David Evans, care of sheep 600 . 00 Elmer Koons, teamster 480 . 00 Emmett Packer, teamster 480 . 00 Victor Jones, teamster 456.00 Victor Grub, assistant herdsman 456. 00 Wm. Thompson, handyman 250 . 00 Student labor, 7 to 15cts per hour 300.00 Stenographer, two-sevenths time 240.00 Extra stenographic help, 25 and 30cts per hour two-sevenths time ." 50.00 Clerical assistants, at 15cts per hour 40.00 5,476.00 Total salaries $20,757 . 68 LIST OP EMPLOYES IN SECRETARY'S OFFICE. Ira J. Welch, stenographer and accountant, 3i mo. at $50..$ 175.00 Ethel Carpenter, stenographer and bookkeeper, 2 months at $50 per month; 10 months at $60 per month 700.00 Ciola Chambers, 300J hours at 20cts. per hour, clerical work 60.10 Seaman Knapp, department mail carrier, 48 J hours at 15cts 7.27 J. W. White, reading proof, 10 hours at 20cts 2. 00 Gertrude Jones, stenographer, 1 month with machine 49.18 Lottie Burns, typewriter, 11 J hours at 25cts. per hour.... 2.87 J. M. Wilson, typewriting, 15 hours at 20 cts. per hour. .... 3.00 A. L. Sanford, clerk, 3| hours at 15cts. per hour .58 $1,000.00. LIST OF EMPLOYEES IN PURCHASING COMMITTEE OFFICE, Ira J. Welch, sec'y of committee, 6 mo. at $50 per mo 300.00 Gertrude Jones, stenographer, 1 9-11 mo. at $55 per mo. ... 100.00' $ 400.00 LIST OF EMPLOYEES IN OFFICE OF DEAN OF JUNIOR COLLEGE. Ira J. Welch, clerk, 2i months at $50 per month $125.00 Florence Dunham, clerical work, 13 hours at 15cts per hour 1.95 Gertrude Jones, 50 hours at 25cts $ 12. 50 49 J hours at 27cts. (including machine)... 13.37 Two-elevenths months at $55 10.00 1 month at $60 (including machine) 60.00 95.87 H. J. Gould, clerical work, 22 hours at 15cts per hour 33.59 G. B. Guthrie, clerical work, 412J hours at 15cts per hour 6190 Gurine Anderson, clerical work, 63 hours at 15cts. per hour g 45 Minta Anderson, clerical work, 76 hours at 15cts per hour 11 50 R. L. Collett, clerical work, 15 hours at 15cts. per hour 2 25 129 10 L. J. Murphy, clerical work, 66 hours at 15cts. per hour 9.90 Earl Waycott, clerical work, 13 1 hours at 15cts per hour 2.02 Angie McKinley, clerical work, 64| hours at 15cts. per hour . 9.72 Ethel McKinley, clerical work, 8 hours at 15cts. per hour 1.30 A. L. Sanford, clerical work, 71 hours at 15cts. per hour 10.65 $ 375.00 LIST OF EMPLOYES OR ASSIGNMENT COMMITTEE. Employed in making registration cards and time schedules, for students, and class list for instructors at the beginning of each semester. Agnes Mosher, 158i hours at 15cts. per hour $ 23.70 D. C. Barrett, 32 hours at 15cts. per hour 4.80 Viola Chambers, 73 hours at 15cts. per hour 10. 95 Iva Brandt, 128 hours at 15cts. per hour 19.20 Ruth Walker. 5 hours at 15 cts. per hour Jeanette Bartholomew, 9 hours at 15cts. per hour 1.35 Rose Goble, 2 hours at 15cts. per hour .30 A. Q. Adamson, 99 hours at 15 cts. per hour 14.85 F. W. Cessna, 20 hours at 15cts. per hour 3.00 Mary Wilson, 6 hours at 15 cts. per hour .90 Keo Anderson, 81 hours at 15cts. per hour , 12. 15 Margaret Stanton, 139 hours at 15cts 20.85 H. J. Gould, 199 hours at 15cts. per hour 29.85 G. B. Guthrie, 374J hours at 15cts. per hour 56.15 C. J. Crawford, 72 hours at 15cts. per hour 10.80 Erma Wiley, 125 J hours at 15cts. per hour 18.82 Edgar Stanton, jr., 102 J hours at 15cts. per hour 15.38 Florence Kimball, 4 hours at 15cts. per hour .60 Frank Cave, 60 hours at 15cts per hour 9.00 Mary Clyde, 53 hours at 15cts. per hour 7.95 M. J. Evinger, 52 hours at 15cts. per hour 7.80 Carolyn Gabrielsen. 66 hours at 15cts. per hour 9.90 H. L. Lundeen, 22| hours at 15cts per hour 3.37 Angie McKinley, 57 hours at 15cts per hour 8.55 Genevieve Milness, 47 hours at 15cts. per hour 7.05 F. V. Skelley, 12 hours at 15cts. per hour 1. 80 May L. Jackson, 47i hours at 15cts per hour 7.12 May Kennedy, 47 hours at 15cts per hour 6.90 Winifred Thompson, 28 hours 4.20 $318.04 Enrollment. According to the enrollment by departments, it will be seen that the total enrollment for 1905, is slightly less than for 1904. This difference is accounted for by the fact that the dairy 180 building was in process of erection and equipment and we could not accomodate the students in dairying. During the past year we have advised all applicants to wait until the dairy building was completed. In the main divisions of our work otherwise we had an increase in the enrollment over any previous years. The standards for admission for our freshmen classes in all courses have strongly raised. We have anticipated that this might temporarily result in a decreased enrollment of students. We are finding, however, that the enrollment of the present year promises to be in excess of any other and the class of students who are coming to us are much better prepared to stronger and more satisfactory work. We estimate the enrollment this present year will be, to make a conservative estimate, some fourteen hundred students * * * The total enrollment as given does not include the short course students. The short course enroll- ment is attached herewith. (President Storms, Sept. 11, 1905.) Expansion in Courses of Study. An analysis of our courses will im- mediately suggest that the total attendance of students is only one factor to be taken into consideration in estimating the amount of work done and the expense incurred in running a technical school. For example, the old curriculum had one general course in agri- culture. We now have six general courses. Under the simpler system that formerly prevailed, a single department like that of Agronomy, had but few studies offered. Now the studies have been multiplied and courses increased until we now have more than forty distinct courses offered in the department of Agronomy alone. It is this development and enrichment of our courses of 'study which is giving our institution its prestige and leadership among institutions of its kind throughout the world. Secretary Wilson said to me last week, in private conversation: "The College at Ames is far and away the best institution of its kind in the world." If the secretary is right in his judgment, it is due to the enrichment and variety of courses offered in applied science in the field of agriculture and Engin- eering. IOWA STATE COLLEGE - STUDENT ENROLLMENT FOR THE YEAR 1904-5 By classes Post Graduate 13 Senior 170 Junior 119 Sophomore 22 Freshman . 373 Academic 291 Special 149 Special Dairy 12 Music 15 Total in regular college work 1,363 181 SHORT COURSES Agriculture Live stock and grain judging 530 Domestic economy 26 Total in short courses 556 ENROLLMENT BY COURSES FOR THE YEAR 1904-5 Animal Husbandry Senior 24 Junior 17 Sophomore 24 Freshman *. 56 Academic 49 Special 54 224 Agronomy Senior 8 Junior 7 Sophomore 7 Freshman 11 Academic 10 Special 30 73 Dairy Post Graduate 1 Senior 5 Junior I 2 Sophomore 5 Freshman 1 Academic 3 Special 13 30 Horticulture Senior 2 Junior . 3 Sophomore 2 Freshman 7 Academic 2 Special 2 18 Science and Agriculture Freshman 1 Academic 1 2 Total in division of agriculture 347 Veterinary Senior 14 Junior 3 Sophomore 12 Freshman 33 $2 Total in Veterinary Division 62 182 Civil Engineering Senior 33 Junior 29 Sophomore 59 Freshman 81 Academic . . 55 Special 6 263 Mechanical Engineering Senior 20 Junior 18 Sophomore 19 Freshman 45 Academic 44 Special 9 155 Electrical Engineering Senior 25 Junior 22 Sophomore 52 Freshman 82 Academic 66 Special 2 249 Mining Engineering Senior 5 Junior 6 Sophomore 5 Freshman 9 Academic 7 Special 7 39 Total in division of Engineering 706 Science Senior 16 Junior 6 Sophomore 13 Freshman 19 Academic 33 Special 14 101 Domestic Science Junior 1 Sophomore 1 Freshman 2 Academic 2 Special 11 17 138 General and Domestic Science Senior 18 Junior 5 Sophomore Freshman 27 Academic 1? Special 13 102 Total in the division of Science 220 Total in Music 15 Total enrollment 1,350 Post Graduates ^ 13 Grand total 1,363 RECAPITULATION. Division of Agriculture 347 Veterinary Division 62 Division of Engineering 706 Division of Science 220 Music 15 Total 1,350 Post Graduates . 13 Grand total 1,363 (President Storms, Sept. 11, 1905.) MAINTENANCE OF BUILDINGS AND GROUNDS. Labor 1903-04 1904-05 Stenographic and Clerical $ 1,299 . 96 $ 1,068 . 33 Custodian, one-half salary 600 . 00 575 . 00 Superintendent 1,000 . 00 Janitors 6,126.01 6,490.15 Plumbers 1,234.90 2,403.31 Engineers and Firemen 4,679.81 5,171.73 Electricians 495.28 558.41 Night Watch 405.25 594. 9S Miscellaneous dept. work 214.17 180.33 $15,055.38 $18,042.24 EXPLANATORY. Stenographic and Clerical Labor. Includes five-elevenths of time of two bookkeepers at $55.00 per month; one-half time of stenogra- phers and bookkeeper at $50.00 per month; office assistant at $30.00 per month; salary of accountant $100.00 per annum. Janitors. During the sessions of college about twelve regular janitors are employed at wages ranging from $40.00 to $45.00 per month; in the case of the head janitor at Engineering Hall, $50.00 per 134 month is paid. A considerable amount of janitor work is done by students and is paid for at the rate of 15 cents an hour. Engineers and Firemen. The chief engineer, Mr. W. H. Tripp, has been with the institution since an early day, and although advanced in years, is still carrying the full responsibility of his position. He is paid by the month at the rate of $83.00 per month. During a large part of the year when it is necessary to run the morning lights, he goes to work at half past five or six o'clock, and with the exception of periods off for meals, is in constant attendance until 10:30 in the evening. The assistant engineer receives $60.00 per month for a ten hour day. The college employs firemen both at the power house and at various small heating plants at the college. Altogether during the winter season seven such men are employed. They are paid usually by the month, their wages varying from $4 5-. 00 to $55.00 per month, depend- ing upon the hours of service and the amount of labor involved at the various plants. During severe weather when it is necessary to keep firemen in attendance all night, student labor is employed. Such .labor is paid for at the rate of 15 cents, and in a very few cases, at 17i cents per hour. Plumbers. Owing to the large amount of repair work, it is nec- essary to keep two regular plumbers and one assistant in constant service. The head plumber is a man who is not only able to do good plumbing work, but is also able to take hold of and oversee the carry- ing out of almost any kind of repair work which we are called upon to do, such as handling all machinery and setting of boilers, repair of boiler furnaces, and the like. This man receives $60.00 per month, and the assistant receives $45.00. During certain seasons of the year, especially during vacation time when we have a great deal of this work to do, we are usually able to obtain student assistance. Our ex- perience has been, that with careful oversight this class of assistance is exceedingly efficient. Such students are paid by the hour, the rate varying from 15 to 17 J cents, depending upon the skill and experience of the men. Electricians. The electrical work is done entirely by students of the advanced classes who are paid 25 cents per hour. Night Watch. Paid $50.00 per month for the first year; $45.00 for the second. Miscellaneous Work. Sawing wood at 50 cents per cord and split- ting wood at 15 cents per hour. PUBLIC GROUNDS. Labor 1903-4 1904-5 Stenographic and clerical labor at 20cts per hour$ 49.20 Teamsters 1,112.30 835.11 Miscellaneous labor . 723.82 682.08 $1,885.32 $1,517.19 EXPLANATORY. Teamsters. One regular teamster at $70.00 per month for man and team; extra teaming in busy season 35 cents per hour; hauling wreckage of old Main Building upon college roads, 25 to 40 cents per load according to distance. Miscellaneous Labor. A considerable amount of student labor is employed upon the grounds at 15 cents per hour; other labor is paid from 15 to 20 cents per hour; regular hands in haying, $45.00 to $50.00 per month. (President Storms, Sept. 11, 1905.) Concerning the Expense for Employees of the Departments of the College Appropriations and Expenditures. Our method of appropria- tions and expenditures is such, that to put the statement in the form which you suggest, would require going through all of the depart- ments expense bills for the entire period, and the services of an expert for the purpose for several weeks at least. The business details of an institution like this, are numerous and complicated. It is very dif- ferent from an ordinary school of Liberal Arts, or a professional school. Our bills number something like many thousands in the biennial period. We appropriate at the beginning of each year, a definite amount to each department of the college, and to each section of the experiment station. This appropriation is based upon a careful esti- mate of the needs of each department in certain specific lines, viz.: for office expenses and clerk hire, and equipment for the departments and incidental expenses. Anl appropriation is divided into twelve parts for the twelve months of the year, and the head of the department is limited in his expenditures to this monthly proportion; all bills being audited before payment. We find in experience that the great need for equipment in itself serves as a most effective inducement to economy in the running ex- penses of a department. At the end of the fiscal year, the department accounts are examined, and the estimate made of needs for the coming year. This method does not leave upon our books a division of the funds in the way you indicate for employees and other expenses, except as the details should be culled out and re-arranged. I will undertake to do this if your committee requires it, but am giving in the present summary, a statement of the appropriation for expenses and equip- ment to the several departments for the period indicated in your letter of request. (President Storms, Sept. 12, 1905.) Stenographers and Clerks. The following is a list of the stenog- raphers and clerks in the different offices and departments with the salary of each: Office Building Miss Wormley, president's private secretary $ 75.00 per mo. J. M. Fuller, president's stenographer 55.00 " Ira J. Welch, secretary's clerk and secretary for building committee 58.33 Miss Carpenter, stenographer and auditing clerk .. 60.00 Miss Rice, treasurer's bookkeeper 55.00 138 Miss Mereness, cashier in treasurer's office 55.00 Miss Stewart, stenographer, treasurer's office 55.00 Miss Goble, recording clerk, treasurer's office 50.00 " Agricultural Hall 'G. E. Stayner, secretary agromony dept 65.00 G. V. Welch, Prof. Curtiss' private secretary 70.00 " Miss Loughran, Prof. Curtiss' stenographer 60.00 Miss Small, secretary, An. husbandry dept 60.00 " Miss June Carpenter, stenographer Agron. dept. ... 50.00 Miss Murphy, horticulture dept. stenographer 55.00 " Miss Lesher, horticulture dept. stenographer 55.00 Miss Besack, agronomy dept. stenographer 60. 00 Engineering Hall Miss Dunham, clerk and stenographer civil engin- eering department ^5.00 Mrs. Douglass, stenographer electrical engineering and mining engineering 50.00 Miss Brandt, clerk and stenographer mechanical en- gineering department 55 . 00 Miss Dickerson, stenographer, botany department.. 40.00 " Total $1,138 . 33 " (Transcript, 45-46.) Janitors and Other Workmen. The following is a list of janitors and other workmen employed by the college, with the salary of each: I. B. Thomas, Margaret hall and office building. . . .$ 50.00 per mo. James Stanley, Morrill hall 45.00 L. Williams, agricultural hall and chemical building 45.00 Fred Kelley, agricultural hall 45.00 H. W. Houghland, chemical building (J time) 22.00 John Morgan, night watch on campus 55. 00 " Bertha Rowland, Margaret hall 1.00 per day Joseph Stanley, emergency hall 1.45 " F. A. Fox, agricultural hall 1.45 " I. E. Otto, engineering hall 50.00 per mo. C. P. Hicks, engineering hall 1.45 per day Joseph Stebbins, engineering hall 1.45 " David Ives, engineering hall . . 1.45 " Robt. Gray, veterinary hospital 40. 00 per mo. H. P. Ashby, stock judging pavilions (i time) 20.00 Homer Hubbard, music hall 10 . 00 " Engineers, firemen and plumbers H W. Tripp, chief engineer 83.00 Wm. Muir, second engineer 60.00 " Andrew Steil, fireman power station ' . . . . 50 . 00 " J. L. Wilson, fireman and store room keeper 40.00 " J. McDonald, fireman emergency hall and creamery 50.00 " W. T. Stillwell, fireman Morrill hall 55.00 A. Gilchrist, fireman Margaret hall 55.00 " 137 A. L. Cameron, fireman power station 50. 00 J. F. Snyder, fireman agricultural hall 50.00 W. M. Clark, plumber 60.00 J. L. Johnson, plumber 50.00 A. H. Huerth, plumber 45.00 Fred Stocker, carpenter 60.00 F. W. Lanphear, electrician .25 per hr. Farm workmen John Buckler, station herdsman 65.00 per mo, Chas. Marshall, assistant station herdsman 45.00 F. D. Lyons, teamster horticultural section 40.00 Wm. Burlton, sheep herdsman 67.00 Wm. Mohme, assistant sheep herdsman 38.00 Nelson Rowe, hog herdsman 50.00 Sam'l Nichols, shepherd and barn man 50.00 F. B. Baker, head teamster 40.00 (Transcript, 46.) IOWA STATE NORMAL SCHOOL. Board of Trustees Teachers for the Common School. The Nor- mal School at Cedar Falls, for the special instruction and training of teachers in the common schools, shall be under the management and control of a board of trustees, of which the superintendent of public instruction shall be by virtue of his office, a member and president. Code, section 2675. Same : The remaining members, six in number, are elected by the general assembly. Code, section 2609. Compensation. Is the same as is allowed to the regents and trustees of the other educational institutions. Code, section 2617-8. Powers of Board. The board has power 1. To employ a sufficient number of suitable and competent teachers and other assistants; 2. To fix the compensation of such employes; 3. To make rules and regulations for the management of the school ; 4. To charge a fee for contingent expenses not to exceed one dollar monthly, and a tuition fee of not more than six dollars a term, if necessary for the proper support of the institution. 5. To contract with school boards, for pupils to supply the train- ing department, for a period not exceeding two years at a time, at a rate not to exceed fifty cents per week, for each pupil. 6. To provide for the admission of pupils from the several counties in the state on equal terms, requiring that each one received as a pupil shall furnish satisfactory evidence of good moral character and the honest intention of following the business of teaching school in the state. Code, section 2675, 2678. Meetings. The board meets four times a year. In addition to- the regular meetings, special meetings are sometimes had. Committees. To facilitate the business the trustees divide the work among their standing committees as follows: 1. The executive committee of three members having charge of buildings, grounds, and the general conduct of the school between the quarterly meetings of the trustees. 2. The finance committee of three members which quarterly in- vestigates all bills paid by the officers, ascertains the reasonableness of these expenditures, makes full report to the trustees in session, recommending any change or improvement in either system or practice that seems desirable, affixing their signatures to the several bills th-jt have been paid as examination is had and they are found satisfactory 3. The building committee of three members, which carries out the plans and contracts for all the buildings as may be directed by the trustees. This committee is selected by ballot and is supervisory and executive in so far as it has no powers except such as are granted by the trustees from one quarterly meeting to the next. (President Seerly to the committee.) The Method of Auditing Bolls. In order to economize time, guarantee proper care and insure satisfactory supervision in the paying of all accounts an auditing committee consisting of the resident trustee, the president of the school and the secretary of the board of trustees is empowered to audit all bills against the school and authorize payment, provided they comply with contracts that have been made. Contracts for all large amounts are made by the trustees in session, contracts of small amounts are made as department supplies are made by the president on detailed requisitions made by the de- partments. The auditing committee is limited in its duties by these two kinds of contracts and can verify the correctness by examining the contracts and requisitions on file in the president's office. The method of auditing is as follows: 1. The bill must be presented to the president, all its details being shown by the claimant. 2. The bill must be vised by the receiving officer or by the member of the faculty who has special knowledge of the quality of material or supplies that have been received. Such person thus selected is re- quired to sign his name approving the quality and quantity as con- forming to the bill as presented for payment. This bill is then care- fully investigated by the president's secretary, who compares it with the contracts on file in the president's office, ascertaining its correct- ness in every particular. After this is done, the president approves the bill by affixing his signature, when it is ready to be submitted to the resident trustee who is authorized to make personal investi- gation farther should he so desire. After his signature is attached the secretary draws a warrant on the treasurer paying the said ac- count. At the next quarterly meeting of the trustees, the finance com- mittee inspects the bill and if satisfied affix their signatures as final ap- proval. All this routine is required to insure as many checks to the 189 auditing as is deemed essential and prudent and thus insure the best business management. (President Seerley to the committee.) The Purchase of Materials, Supplies and the Making of Con- tracts. As has been already suggested, great care is used in the securing of material of all kinds and of supplies for the school. All contracts involving large amounts are decided by the board in session, bids being received from all sources possible. The decision of the board is determined by the price, the quality, the suitability and the serviceableness of the articles in competition. After the vote of the trustees, duplicate contracts are prepared, one copy being given to the contractor and one copy being filed in the office of the president. Purchases requiring small expenditure which are needed by the different departments of the school in the conduct of the work are purchased by the president when he is satisfied that such things are necessary, a detailed requisition being made out by the department making the application giving quantity, quality, price and definite description of the supplies needed. All these supplies are bought in the market of the cheapest and most reliable houses, granting competi- tion where that is possible in every case. (President Seerley to the icommittee.) Methods Employed in Constructing Buildings. The trustees un- dertake to build of the best material and to secure the best work- manship, and as a consequence they contract for all material used In the construction of buildings and see to it that the quality, quan- tity and character of the material in every case exactly complies with the contracts made. These contracts are made after receiving bids from all sources possible. Advantage is also taken of the price in the market by purchasing material or supplies at the time of the year In which such material can be bought at the lowest price. Then the erection of the buildings is undertaken earlier in the spring of the year than labor is demanded elsewhere because the building season has not yet opened, thus permitting labor, to be obtained at a com- paratively lower price. To insure the lowest possible expense account In the payment for the work of erection, bids are received from con- tractors who are willing to erect the buildings according to plans and specifications using the material already purchased. When the contractors do not offer to do the work at as reasonable a price as the trustees are able themselves to do the same through their superin- tendent of buildings and grounds, then the trustees proceed to secure workmen, pay them by the day and erect the buildings themselves. Experience has proven that the state has thus secured good buildings at the lowest possible price and generally at much lower comparative expense than other public buildings in Iowa are being erected under other systems. Examples establishing this fact can easily be given, but it is hardly appropriate in this report to make such comparisons for obvious reasons. (President Seerley to the Committee.) The Normal School's Method of Building. Before constructing a building for any special purpose it is the custom to send the president 140 to investigate what has already been done in this single direction in the other parts of the country. After visitation of localities where such buildings have been recently constructed, and conferring with experts who know the needs in these particulars, a definite report is prepared submitting to the trustees all the information and presenting therewith the necessary things to be accomplished in order to have a model building. These ideas are finally incorporated into floor plans and sketches by the superintendent of buildings and grounds, Mr. James E. Robinson, who after due time submits such a report with sketches, estimates and definite conditions as he has been able to de- velop from his practical experience. These facts, sketches and conditions are then submitted to a professional architect who completes the draw- ings, adds to the plans in any particulars deemed necessary or de- sirable, and after a regular presentation of his report at a special meeting of the board of trustees and a complete investigation is made, modifications and improvements are suggested, amendments are ac- cepted or rejected in due form and finally the plans are adopted as completed and the construction of the building ordered. Then fol- lows advertising for bids, letting the contract if bids are for what is known to be reasonable. If no reasonable price is obtainable the superintendent of buildings, under the direction of the trustees em- ployes labor and conducts the work. The Normal School has been specially fortunate in its superin- tendent of buildings and grounds. He is a good architect, he is a superior mechanic, he has had much experience as a contractor, he is competent to discover errors and correct them, he is ingenious in devising the necessary construction in any special problem, having due regard to the appearance and also to the function, and besides all these qualifications he is honest, reliable and painstaking in reference to everything in his care. To this selection of a capable man is due much of the success that has attended the work that has been already accomplished in planning and constructing the entire plant. (Presi- dent Seerley to the committee.) The Cost of Construction With and Without Contracts. Propo- sitions have uniformly been made to receive bids for material, thus giving competition and securing the lowest market rate. This system has been followed to insure the obtaining of the best material in every case. Proprositions from contractors have also been received for the erection of the buildings as planned, using the material already pur- chased. When these propositions were much above the estimates made by the superintendent, they were rejected and the building committee directed the superintendent to employ wbrkmen and proceed with the construction according to plans and specifications. The results obtained have been extremely satisfactory as is able to be shown from a few examples 1. The Smoke Stack. For the construction of the same. (a) Best original proposition to erect $1900.00 This was rejected by the committee. 141 (b) Revised proposition on second receiving of bids for the erection (rejected) 1,600.00 (c) Cost to the school for the work on the stack as com- pleted by the superintendent 975.00 2. Stone Work On Gymnasium, (The best proposition received was $720.00 more than the work cost. 3. Brick Work On Gymnasium. This cost for labor and material $2,600.00 less than the best proposal received. There has developed this fact, that the profit in contracting public buildings comes from two sources: 1. The furnishing as cheap material as the specifications will permit. The writing of general specifications that will allow com- petition as regards material and yet insure quality is almost an im- possible task. Hence, the board has purchased the material to be used from the market as a good policy. 2. The doing as low a grade of work with as low a grade of workmen as can pass the superintendent's approval, thereby getting as large a percentage of profit as possible on each laborer. Since the board must have a superintendent at any rate the procuring of the best workmen and directing the work has not added to the expense. 3. As an illustration of these facts, I give the following: The lowest bid on construction of smoke stack, above foundation, the contractor to furnish all material and labor was $4,600.00. The board bought the material from the trade, employed the labor and paid, including the foundation, a total of $3,800.00, making a saving of about $1,200.00 on the entire job. The material used, the work- men employed and the construction secured were all of the best kind and quality. (Superintendent Robinson to the committee.) Superintendent of Buildings and Grounds. The following duties have been performed by the superintendent of buildings and grounds since the connection of the present superintendent with the office: 1. The preparation of all preliminary floor plans of every kind used for buildings, and of all plans for furnishings and special work necessary to be done before adoption of general plans by the trustees. 2. Correcting, changing and perfecting completed plans as fur- nished the board by the architect employed, since it is often necessary to modify particular things when the construction is in progress, no architect, however competent, being able to furnish plans and specifi- cations which do not need such attention, if the building is to be as perfect as intended. 3. Superintending the construction of buildings from the laying of the foundation to the last finishing touches, since the architect is not employed nor paid a salary to superintend such work, he being paid a percentage for plans and specifications alone. This requires the selection of material, the passing of the same on delivery as to quality and quantity, and the ordering of the same as needed, endeavoring to time matters so as to cost the school as little as possible to receive material and unload it where it will be used. There Is much expense saved by close attention to these matters as a second 142 handling is avoided. In most of the work no second handling has thus been necessary and expenses have been at a minimum. 4. Submitting to the board complete invoices of material to be purchased specifying quantity, quality, character, kind and other in- formation necessary to permit bidders to comprehend fully what is needed. Such invoices are made to fit conditions and for the purpose of adapting the cheapest material where it is just as serviceable and useful as would be expensive material. For example, a heating tunnel is to be constructed. At this locality the walls of such tunnel can be. built more cheaply and yet as satisfactorily with ruble lime rock as with better stone or even brick. In such a case the cheaper material is specified, thus saving as much as the difference between $2.56 per foot for rock constructed by the day labor system and $7.00 per foot for merchanable brick under contract system. 4. Contracting with all labor and keeping the time of all laborers so as to enable the pay roll to be accurately determined at each pay day. Determining the value of the work of each laborer on acquaint- ance with his service, paying him in proportion to what he can do, and discharging him for any cause that shows that his services are not suitable or economical. Insisting, therefore, upon a reasonable amount of work for the wages given and at the same time endeavoring to have satisfaction and harmony among the workmen thus employed, for without the right kind of feeling and co-operation any workman can slight his tasks and make his service expensive. It is proper to say that no disagreements of any kind have occurred under this system of management, as employment was with the individual work- man and the pay was graded according to the individual service, the longer the hours required the longer the pay given. 6. The workmen are paid bi-weekly through the assistant secretary whose office is with the president. The pay roll is made up from the time book and each workman signs the pay roll as he receives his pay. All this clerical work is done by the assistant secretary basing the settlements upon the time reports taken daily by the superin- tendent. 7. In addition to the varieties of work that belong to the con- struction of buildings, the superintendent receives and checks up all supplies furnished all departments, employs all the permanent help such as engineers, firemen, janitors, yard men, etc., determines their special duties, gives attention to the services rendered by each in- dividually, and pays such salary monthly to such employees through the assistant secretary as the executive committee of the board directs. 8. The superintendent performs these services under the direc- tion of the board of trustees and their respective committees. In order to carry out these duties he regularly consults the president and secures his approval, and endorsement of all matters to be done, whether absolutely necessary or not in order to be prudent in the transaction undertaken and secure as far as possible the fullest in- formation obtainable. Until there is a mutual agreement between 143 the superintendent and the president as to transactions being con- sidered no action is taken. This course of procedure has prevented friction, loss of confidence between officials and has given unanimity of counsel in all matters important and essential. It has also enabled the best judgment of all combined to be employed in directing the work. It is to be said that thus far there has not been any lack of harmony regarding all these matters and that co-operation has cheer- fully been given the superintendent in the way that are essential to the best results. (Superintendent Robinson to the committee.) The Responsibility of the Management President vs. Board of Trustees. In endeavoring to study the problem of responsible man- agement of a state educational institution, it is easy to over estimate the province of the members of the board of trustees. They have a part in the management and an important part at that, but their function is limited by law and by custom, to legislative and supervisory duties, and hence they can hardly become executive or administrative since these powers properly belong to the president and the faculty, because they are definitely selected to do the actual work required of the institution. The business of the trustees is therefore preliminary to the organization and the conduct of the school, and their function is afterward naturally limited to that of supervisors in what they can accomplish. The success of an educa- tional institution so far as results are concerned, must be the special part of the business committed to the faculty, and if the institution is not well conducted or highly commended, it is their fault rather than that of the trustees, unless the latter body of officials refuses and neglects to see to it that capability and competency exists in the inner organization the teaching and administrative body. (President Seer- ley to the committee.) Teachers. Time Employed. Each teacher in our faculty is re- quired to have twenty-five recitation periods per week, each period being forty-five minutes, and in addition are to have a business hour covering from two to three sixty minute hours per week, in which individual instruction and office work is given. The faculty, of course, do a great deal of other work such as committee work and department work of various kinds that is not found among these hours, but they are indefinite and irregular and are not found in any of these trans- actions. (President Seerley to the Committee.) Compensation to Architects. The following is a statement of the expenses that our board has had since we began building as to architects. A competitive proposition was opened in 1900 to get plans and specifications for the auditorium building, at which the persons who were second and third in choice received $100 and $75 respectively, the architect selected receiving the fees agreed to in the contract. There was paid for this kind of work the following amounts: Oct. 17, 1900, Proudfoot and Bird, auditorium building $1,000.00 Oct. 17, 1900, H. Liebbe, second prize, auditorium 100.00 Oct. 19, 1900, W. A. Robinson, third prize, auditorium 75.00 April 17, 1901, Proudfoot and Bird, auditorium building 117. 8G- 144 April 19, 1902, Proudfoot and Bird, auditorium 550.36 June 3, 1903, Proudfoot and Bird, gymnasium building.... 500.00 Nov. 6, 1903, Proudfoot and Bird, gymnasium 700.00 Nov. 6, 1905, Proudfoot and Bird, science building 1,000.00 Note We still owe on gymnasium building about 900.00 $4,943.22 (President Seerley to the Committee, ll-25-'05.) Tuition and Other Fees. Enrollment fees of $5.00 per term are paid into the treasury by all students. * * * Other fees are charged as follows: The first year of chemistry is free as laboratory expenditures are very small. After that time they pay $1.00 per term. In manual training the students pay the exact cost of all wood and other material that they use, the settlement being made at the end of the term. In domestic science there is no fee for the first year. For the second year the expense is covered by the cost. The students furnish all their 'own material and if we do any assisting in this respect such things are sold to them at wholesale prices. The music students pay the fees for private lessons to the teachers who thus supplement the small salaries that are paid them for part of a day's work. Pianos are rented to the students on fees of $2.00 per term, one hour of practice being permitted. In the gymnasium no fees are at present charged except for swim- ming lessons and that is limited to the expense of the water and its heating, being about ten cents per lesson. Diploma fees of $2. 00 for degree course and $1.00 for certificate courses are collected and paid into the commencement contingent fund, defraying the expenses of that occasion. (President Seerley to the Committee, Nov. 25, 1905.) Expansion in the Last Six Years. Previous to the last six years the Normal School had more attendance than it had either teachers or room. Hence, there was no chance given to properly organize and direct the work up to that time. Since then physical training, manual training, domestic science, literary society work, kindergarten train- ing, and musical training have been added to the course of instruction. Since we limit all these lines to those intending to be prepared for teaching, as the laws require, we have had more comparative expense in the beginning of these departments than enrollment. Were we not required to enforce the restriction and were permitted to enroll students without regard to becoming teachers, the number in attend- ance would be greatly increased. I have assumed that the state expected us to faithfully keep the Normal School lor teachers and thus exclude other general students. * * * Time will bring the enrollment increase also in the new departments, as they are essential to a creditable teachers' school. (President Seerley to the Committee, Nov. 18, 1905.) 145 11 IOWA STATE NORMAL SCHOOL. Teachers Employed and Compensation Paid Each During Years 1896 to 1905, Inclusive, for the Regular School Year. FALL, WINTER AND SPRING TERMS. 28888888888 :888 :888888888888 :8: : : . :8885388o3s888 0880 .888388885888 -8 >00000* 0< 3 O O O O 'O O < ; c-oooo^ oo tc CM OO W- GO 00 : : :888S888 . -88888 :888 888888888888 -8 -8 > O O < siTSo < 18 : : i ;| 8 :::::: -.SoSSSs: I CM OS OS t- t^ ! 888 CO 0000 : : 8888 8 :8 8888888 8888 -888 S8888888888S8 SOOOO OOCri^ - OC Oc 8 -8888 8888 888 i00 . S8SS88 8808 .8888 - .888 ^888888 )O >- - ooc l U3 C5 C 888 ill 808 888 888 -88888 S88888S8 888 .88 : : 888 88 :8888888 : -88 8 :8 -8 :88 . : :SSSSSSSSSSSSS '8888 : :gggg : gggSSgSgg .000 o 8 :888888g83$ : : gg 88 8 :g8Sg8888g : :8 :gg 888 :888 8 : : g :gg88 :ggg : -8 -88 8 :8 - '88 88 : :8 [88888888 C3 'QOOOOCJOO o -ooooo>ooo :g . :8 : : :8S : . -8 : .8 : : ig : :88S888S8 :8 : .88 : i :88 TH -r : oooooo 8 :8 : :8 =8 -88 : ' : :8 i : !S8 . : :S -O 'fc- -t-ao -S : :8 ' '8 888 :8 - 88 : :888 : 88 8 : '8 88 :S : 88 j j88 a : g : : :g : .gg : : : : wab a c :'S -i-S- -.'^5 Sjimtl:!! if|l m^gllffc* islfellli|l 149 :8g?S8 358 i IS!:! 'el II lMl*ifI I mm I 150 IOWA STATE NORMAL SCHOOL. Annual Salaries Paid Employees Other Than Teachers for Years 1896 to 1905, Inclusive. S : : :8 : : : : : : =888 : :8S888 S :8 : 8 S SB : :8 : : '8SS '8S ::: 28SS S : 8 :S S 88 588 : : 32 : : :8SS8888 g 8 : -8 .8 | : : j j : ; |8 iS I i<5 i i I i : i| :g : :!S : -8 SS j - .83 : : : : :SS : 8 : :iS : -o . -8 sSllil i>r-*ri,-; SO.-HOO ssa 888 8 ' >* eft w* nv S PI ^ t aaia Summer Term Salaries. 1904. 1905. David S. Wright, mathemetics $ 350.00 $ 350.00 Anna E. McGovern, methods 270.00 270.00 Sara M. Riggs, history 240.00 Julia E. Curtiss, music 50.00 50.00 Abbott C. Page, chemistry 350.00 Melvin P. Arey, natural science 350.00 350.00 Leonard W. Parish, political science 350.00 350.00 Mary E. Simmons, English 280.00 280.00 George W. Samson, psychology 350.00 350.00 Arthur W. Rich, mathematics 350.00 350.UC Etta Suplee, training school 188.00 300.00 G. W. Walters, didactics 350.00 350.00 Henrietta Thornton, drawing 240.00 240.00 Myra E. Call, Latin 240.00 Bertha L. Patt, drawing '. 200.00 200.00 Eva L. Gregg, English 200.00 C. P. Colgrove, psychology 350.00 350.00 P. A. FitzGerald, instrumental music 200.00 Wilbur H. Bonder, training school 350.00 350.00 Laura Palkler, elocution 200.00 George W. Newton, natural science 350.00 350.00 C. A. Pullerton, vocal music 350.00 350.00 Enola Pearl Pierce, elecution 240.00 Sara P. Rice, history 240.00 240.00 Harry C. Cummins, penmanship 220.00 240.00 P. C. Eastman, Latin 350.00 350.00 Ira S. Condit, mathematics 350.00 350.00 Jennie G. Hutchison, Latin 170.00 Elizabeth Hughes, physiography 170.00 Laura Seals, mathematics 170.00 Louie Begeman, physics 350.00 350.00 S. P. Hersey, physics 250.00 290.00 W. W. Gist, English 350.00 350.00 Karl P. Geiser, political science 350.00 350.00 J. B. Knoepfler, German 350.00 350.00 Ida Fesenbeck, indust. work and mathematics 170.00 200.00 Bertha L. Marsh, physiography. 170.00 George B. Affleck, physical training 250.00 310.00 Dennis M. Kelly, mathematics 300.00 Guy Stanton Ford, history 280.00 y Clara A. Tilton, physical training 200.00 X Matilda Harrington, Latin 180.00 Louise M. Rowe, drawing 180.00 Nellie B. Wallbank, English 160.00 Sarah Quigley, mathematics 140.00 Alice C. Inskeep, vocal music 125.00 Blanche Renne, vocal music 90.00 151 Ethel Lovitt, vocal music 90.00 Clinton O. Bates, physical science 250.00 250.00 Flora Wilber, primary methods 200.00 200.00 B. W. Merrill, instrumental music 160.00 160.00 Mrs. Emma Dahlin Ingalls, drawing 160.00 160.00 Ralph Rigby, vocal music 150.00 160.00 Robert Fullerton, vocal music 150.00 160.00 Emma Paffendorf, physical training 200.00 Grace W. Knudsen, physiography ...... 240.00 Alison Aitchison, physiography 140.00 Frank D. Eaman, oratory 240.00 C. S. Hammock, manual training 280.00 Mrs. Elma E. McMahon, domestic science 200.00 Harrietta E. Gunn, kindergarten 200.00 Nannie Love, vocal music 100.00 Emma Lambert, mathematics 170.00 C. L. Hawk, manual training 35.00 Grace Owens, manual training ,. . . . 35.00 Alda Flansburg, manual training 35.00 Ellen Hull, training school 35.00 Elizabeth J. Conner, physical training 50.00 Forrest Z. Wheeler, physical science 60.00 Mary Williamson, kindergarten 30.00 $12,243.00 $12.440.00 Iowa State Normal School. Total enrollment of students, years 1895 tp 1905, inclusive, not in- cluding summer term students. Year. Normal Dept. Preparatory Dept. Total. 1895 888 70 958 1896 986 93 1,079 1897 1,091 104 l,19i 1898 1,299 iai 1,430 1899 ...1,356 153 1,509 1900 1,400 151 1,551 1901 1,368 136 1,504 1902 1,262 207 1,469 1903 1,337 152 1,489 1904 ..'. 1,192 122 1,314 1905 1,225 124 1,349 Average attendance by the terms in the years as stated. 1895 630 57 687 1896 726 70 796 1897 778 72 850 1898 916 85 1,001 1899 965 101 1,066 1900 975 101 1,076 1901 958 86 1,044 165 1902 909 82 991 1903 930 101 1,031 1904 868 76 944 1905 872 81 953 Attendance at Sum- Year, mer Term Normal Dept. 1897 180 1898 339 1899 471 1900 795 1901 925 1902 941 1903 1,159 1904 1,009 1905 1,203 Note. We include preparatory department in our yearly enroll- ment, as these students are men and women, over sixteen years of age, lack the scholarship necessary for the normal classes, but who pay regular tuition, and are non-residents of Cedar Falls. UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA. Organization. The statute law of Minnesota provides for the es- tablishment of five or more colleges in the University of Minnesota. Government. Its government is vested in a board of thirteen re- gents. Nine of the members are appointed by the governor by and with the advice and consent of the senate. Provision is made for four ex-officio members. Power is given to the board of regents to elect officers, professors and instructors and to fix salaries and among other things to regulate the course of instruction ana prescribe the books and authorities to be used. Board of Control. The board of control shall have and exercise full authority in all financial matters of the State^ University, the state normal schools, the state public school, the schools for the deaf and blind. The said board of control shall disburse all public moneys of the several institutions named, and shall have the same authority in the expenditure of the public moneys appropriated therefor, as in the other institutions named in this bill, except as hereinafter otherwise provided, and such board shall appoint a purchasing and disbursing of- ficer or officers for such institutions. Said board of control shall also have supervision of the construction of all buildings and betterments erected at the cost of the state, but shall cooperate with the local boards of the different institutions in the preparations of the pians and speci- fications therefor. Such board of control, however, shall not have control over or authority to disburse any private donations or be- quests made by gifts or devise, by any private individual, to any edu- cational institution of this state, but said private gifts or donations or bequests shall, unless otherwise directed by the terms of such gifts or bequest, be applied by such various board of the said educational 156 institutions, to the use proposed by the terms of the. gift. But the various boards now in charge of the several educational institutions shall have and retain the exclusive control of the general educational policy of said institutions, "of the course of study, the number of teach- ers necessary to be employed, and the salaries to be paid, and such various boards shall have the exclusive right to employ or dismiss the teachers and others engaged in carrying on the functions of said institutions and shall also have the exclusive control of the grounds, buildings and other private property of their several institutions, ex- cept as herein specifically reserved to said board of control. All con- tracts with employees of said educational institutions and a concise statement of all supplies needed shall be reported by the board in charge of said several institutions to the said board of control, and provision shall be made by said board of control, by suitable rules, for the payment of salaries of such employees, and any expenses incurred by the members of said local board and for the purpose of all necessary supplies by such purchasing agent to be appointed as herein provided, as in the case of the other public institutions of this state. Laws of 1901 (Minnesota), ch., 122, section 18. Present Powers of Board of Control. At the last session of the legislature, the provision of the law, last quoted, was in a large part repealed. The board of control is now charged only with the duty of purchasing fuel, placing insurance and superintending the erection of new buildings. History of Board of Control Legislation. President Cyrus Northrop of the University of Minnesota: The governor of Minnesota desiring to ascertain the practice of states that had boards of control appointed a commission of three persons to visit such states and to report as to their practice and as to the desireableness of establishing a board of control in Minnesota. The committee attended to its duties and made a report in favor of establishing a board of control to take charge of the charitable in- stitutions of the state. The bill was introduced into the legislature accordingly, providing for such board of control. This bill encountered strong opposition especially from the towns where the charitable in- stitutions were located. A member of the senate living in one of these towns moved an amendment to the bill, providing that the board of control should have authority over the educational institutions in- cluding the university and normal schools, his object in moving this amendment being to kill the bill it being supposed that if the amend- ment were adopted the friends of the educational institutions would vote against the bill, as amended. This amendment was not introduced because any fault was found with the management of the university by the regents, or with the management of the normal schools by the school board, but simply and solely to defeat the whole bill for establishing the board of control. However, the amendment was adopted and on the face of it educational as well as charitable in- stitutions were placed under the board of control. The constitution of Minnesota required that every bill shall state in its title the purpose 167 of the bill. The bill to establish the board of control had been limited to charitable institutions and after the educational institutions were included in the bill the title was not amended. The question arose whether the provision including the educational institutions was con- stitutional and that matter having been brought to the supreme courl decided by a vote of three to two that the educational institutions were sufficiently charitable institutions to be included under the title as that so far as the normal schools which had brought the suit were concerned they were properly included in the bill. For two years while these matters were going on the university continued under the board of regents, but the legislature having met and failed to re- lease the university the latter came under the board of control, so far as its expenses were concerned, except salaries and the educational management. The regents still retained control of the educational policy of the institution and the appointment of instructors and pro- fessors and fixing their salaries, this being provided in the bill es- tablishing the board of control. The university continued thus under the double-headed management of the regents and the board of control for two years; both boards did as well as they could to avoid friction, but the situation was very unpleasant and very trying. The amount of circumlocution necessary to get things done was annoying and the general effect upon the university was in all respects depressing; the officers of the institution felt it and everybody connected with the university felt it. There was an entire absence of an air of free- dom about the university, that freedom which is so necessary to the best work in education. It became evident enough that under the most favorable circumstances the double-headed arrangement of man- aging the university was a bad arrangement and the alternative was presented of either freeing the university and letting the board of regents manage the institution or of placing the institution wholly under the board of control and abolishing the board of regents. The matter came before the next legislature and the bill introduced and ultimately amended so as to give the whole control to the board of regents, except in the matter of purchasing fuel, placing insurance and superintending the erection of new buildings was passed by the house of representatives by a vote of 78 to 27 and by the senate by a vote of 48 to 8 and the university was thus practically in all essen- tial respects freed from the board of control and the possibilities of further friction was removed. This bill goes into effect on the first of August, 1905, but in anticipation of what is to come the board of control is not so strenuous in the exercise of its authority in these closing months, as it otherwise might be. Small Educational Board of Control. President Northrop: So far as related to the establishment of an educational board to have control of all the educational institutions of the first grade in the state the proposition has been talked about in Minnesota by cer- tain persons, but it has never come before the legislature in any serious way and I do not think that it is likely to present itself in the near future. At present the board of regents manages the affairs 163 of the university and they do it without any salaries for themselves and without any expense to the state, except in a few cases, the traveling expenses of regents who live a considerable distance from the uni- versity are paid and in like manner the affairs of the normal schools are. managed by the normal board, a body of gentlemen who serve without compensation. The proposed arrangement involves, instead of these boards made up of gentlemen peculiarly fitted for their work, public spirited having an interest in education and proud to do their best for the state without pay; involves I say, the establishment of a small board the members of which are to be upon a salary the powers of which are to be almost unlimited, in which case probably two men would have in their hands virtually the direction of the whole higher educational work of the state, the establishment of chairs in the university, the removal and appointment of presidents, professors and instructors; and if in any case, as is more than likely the board should be political in its character with the influence of passions and the enemities and friendships of politicians it could not fail to result in a degradation of the institutions and education of the state, while it might become an instrument of vengeance in the hands of a board of politicians, rather than of educators. Large vs. Small Boards. President Northrop: Large boards are much better than small ones where the exercise of a policy is largely in the hands of the president and faculty of the university and only the general direction and supervision of policies is in the hands of the board. With a board of twelve men it is almost impossible that there should be in its action anything unjust or unfair or undesirable. Such members being broad minded citizens serving the state, not for money, but for the good of the state, will look up all questions fairly and decide equitably. No one would think of es- tablishing so large a board all of which were to dra\v salaries. An educational board appointed to govern the educational institutions of the state will necessarily be small, power will be concentrated, pressure for appointment on the board becomes like that which is felt when public offices are to be filled. Very different indeed from the honorable position which one holds on the board of regents not for pay or selfish considerations, but for a sincere desire to be of service in the great work of education. Under a small board of paid mem- bers quite likely selected for political reasons; quite likely having other interests to serve than the pure educational interests; quite likely to change officers of institutions, in order to gratify friends and to promote their policies no faculty would feel any measure of security for its continued existence and the educational work of the state would be impaired by the absence of that peace which is ab- solutely essential to the best educational work. Faculties can not do their best work when they are in constant apprehension of their positive dissatisfaction or removal. It is an established principle that it is a good policy to let well enough alone. The board of regents has enough to occupy its attention. It can do its work well enough because its attention is centralized upon one institution and it does do its work well because of that reason. All the members of the board of regents are usually in their places at the meetings of the board and the questions discussed are seldom decided with a board very much divided. If there is a difference of opinion in a marked degree the board usually waits until there is a concensus of opinion and then it acts. In this way may be seen the wisdom of having a large board; no prejudices, no bitterness of feeling, no scheming for revenge, no selfish motives whatever govern and claim control and the board when it acts acts without prejudice or selfish motives of any sort. The present arrangement is more economical than the arrangement with a salaried board; it is safer, it is freer from politics, it makes education of the best character its object to be obtained and it awakens an interest in the work through the personal influence, character and standing of members of the board of regents appointed from various parts of the state. Put the whole higher education in the hands of a small paid board, quite likely to be composed of politicians, rather than for educational knowledge and it will be a distinct loss both in respect to the security of men who have devoted their lives to par- ticular studies and who will be in danger of being beheaded at any time; it will be distinct loss in the inspiration to the highest edu- cational work; it will be a distinct loss in the air of freedom which ought to surround every institution of higher learning, and it will be a gain only to the politicians who may hold the positions as mem- bers of the board, or their associates who may hope to make the institution the means of promoting their own political or pecuniary advancement. All the great colleges of the country are governed by boards to whom only their intreests are committed and who are able to do the very best work because their attention is concentrated upon a single institution. It is quite possible to carry the corporation and trust idea too far and the people of this country long for something of liberty in the matter of education and they do not long for monopo- lies of control in educational institutions, or in the management of the educational work of the state. Same. "The manifest advantage of a large, board is that there is less personal piques, passions and prejudices controlling and a chance of wider discussion and a more unbraided decision also a larger board is more thoroughly democratic and more thoroughly representative of the people of the state." (President Northrop to the Committee.) Current Expenses. ("The total amount of our current expenses not including buildings is about $480,000." (President Northrop to the Committee.) Number of Colleges and Schools. 1. The College of Science, Literature and the Arts. 2. The College of Engineering and the Mechanic Arts. 3. The College of Agriculture. 4. The College of Law. 5. The College of Medicine and Surgery. 6. The College of Homeopathic Medicine and Surgery. 7. The College of Dentistry. 160 8. The College of Pharmacy. 9. The School of Mines. 10. The School of Chemistry. 11. The Dairy School. The Graduate Department. "This department affords an ex- tension of the work of the College of Science, Literature and Arts, the College of Engineering and the Mechanics Arts, the School of Mines, the College of Law, and the College of Agriculture." (University Bulletin, Nov. 1, 1904. Short Course for Farmers. The Bulletin announces a short course for farmers. Enrollment. "The enrollment in the College of Science, Literature and Arts is about : Graduate students about School of Chemistry about 50 College of Engineering about 400 School of Mines about ' 125 Department of Agriculture 700 College of Law 500 Department of Medicine 450 The University Summer School 230 The total of these figures would be 2,825 "Our last year's registration was about twenty larger than this and our registration this year is about as large." (President Northrop to the Committee.) Tuition. See statement of President MacLean under the head- ing Iowa State University. Salaries. President Northrop: Salaries paid to professors vary from $1,500 to $2,500, and instruc- tors vary from $600 to $1,200. Assistant professors from $1,200 to $1,500 and subordinate employees receive less. President a Member of the Board. President Northrop : The president by having a vote becomes the peer of the other members of the board of regents and as no one else can have greater interest than he it is eminently proper that he should have a vote in determining the policy of the board. It puts him on a level with the other members of the board, instead of in the position of a hired school teacher. Governor a Member of the Board. President Northrop: I think it is desirable that the governor should be a member of the board because of his influence and the desirability of having him thoroughly acquainted with A the university and interested in its welfare. Appointment of Regents by the Governor. President Northrop: I think the appointment of regents by the governor is a good plan. The personal responsibility of the governor for the excellence of his appointment tending to making him careful. We have rarely had an unworthy person appointed by any governor of our state. 161 12 Plans for Buildings. President Northrop: The state architect, under the authority of the board of control makes the plans for the public buildings and superintends their con- struction. EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS OP SOUTH DAKOTA. Board of Control. The management of the educational institu- tions in the state of South Dakota is vested in a board of five regents, appointed by the governor, by and with the consent of the senate. Same Compensation. A salary of $1,000 a year is allowed to each member of the board, and a similar sum its secretary and stenog- rapher. An allowance of $1,500 a year is made for the expenses of the board, and an allowance of $500 a year for the expenses of the secretary. Powers of Board. General powers are given to the board and to it is given the "power to employ or dismiss all members of the faculties of instruction of said institutions," and other employees, to determine their number, their qualifications, define their duties, fix the period of term of their employment and the rate and manner of their compensation. Meetings. At the monthly meetings the members of the board examine the accounts of each institution and perform such other busi- ness as comes before them, At the annual meeting, usually held in the month of May the members of the faculty of each institution are elected. Strength and Weakness of the System. President Garrett Drop- pers: The system of control over state educational institutions now established in South Dakota can certainly not be recommended in all of its details, or recommended to other states for imitation. The first cause of difficulty lies in the fact that the governor has power of removal, practically without cause, of any member of this board of control. This power tends to put the members into an entirely docile and submissive state of mind so far as the governor is con- cerned, or, more than this, that they must carry out the wishes of the governor so far as they pertain to the state educational institutions. It was reported in this state, on seemingly good authority, that a member of the present board of regents stated that the regents were the creatures of the governor and must carry out his orders. I can- not, however vouch for the absolute accuracy of this statement. This law, passed in the session of 1901, giving the governor power of re- moval of the members of the board, practically without cause, must be considered hardly less than a public calamity, and I have no doubt personally that the regents themselves of this state would coincide with this view. Had the law made the governor ex-officio member of the board, there would have been not so much room for criticism, for in the latter case the governor would merely be one of six regents, who would in that case know all the facts and would have to use his power of persuasion to effect his purposes. Under the present law, however, the governor need acquaint himself with none of the facts, and yet make demands upon the board of regents which they are 162 bound to obey or resign from the board. It is hardly to be gainsaid that under such a law the average man is more likely to obey the governor than resign his office. Under this system politics will in- fluence the actions of the board more than under the other system, for the governor can make his demands upon the board of regents without giving any reason or assigning any notice whatever for his action. As a member of the board, he would be forced to consider the rational aspects of every question, use persuasion, and be guided by the actual conditions of the case. The above is the fundamental weakness in the state educational organization in South Dakota. Another point of weakness is that the regents of education receive a small salary, viz., $1,000 a year, for their services. They are neither a board of control with sufficient pay to enable them to devote their entire time to their work, nor do they serve in a purely honorary capacity, as a board of trustees. The result is more or less disastrous, and in consequence, the educational interests of the state suffer. Men who serve purely in an honorary capacity are likely to be bound to a higher ideal of efficient service to the institution which they represent. Pay without adequate pay is perhaps the poorest policy that any American state ever invented with the idea of solving an educational problem. There are merits in a small board of control say with a membership of three men with entirely sufficient pay, men of independence and adequate education. Such a board of control would devote all of its time to the educational institutions, and, as an object to public scrutiny, would be forced to show results. There are also great merits, probably even more, in a board serving without pay, where the members receive only expenses for their actual services. Such men are apt to be chosen in an honor- ary sense. While they cannot give all of their time to the institution which they are appointed to serve, yet they will have in mind prob- ably excellent ideals of the advancement of the institution, and they will not be willing to serve political ends. As there is no pay in it for them, they are at a pinch ready to resign their offices rather than to comply with political exigencies. But South Dakota seems to have the disadvantages of both systems. The members of the board are paid small salaries just enough, perhaps, to make them anxious to retain their places, and yet not enough to give them leisure from the demands of their own professions. Nearly all the members of the board of regents of the state of South Dakota are busy men, having to practice their proper professions with unceasing diligence. The con- sequence is that they necessarily cannot understand the educational questions and conditions which arise as they should. Under the honor- ary system, where the board consists of a considerable number of members without pay, they are more willing to leave the administration of matters entirely in the hands of the institution it- self. Such men are not inclined to interfere except at rare intervals. They are more a court of appeal and criticism thai* an executive board. In South Dakota, the interference of the board of regents with the actual conduct of affairs in each institution constantly tends to increase. 163 Another difficulty springs from the fact that in South Dakota the agricultural college and the university are separate institutions. This is a source of constant friction. No amount of protest that each insti- tution is animated by good will toward the other seems to be effective. At bottom, it is generally suspected that the agricultural college is aim- ing to supplant the university and that, on the other hand, the uni- versity is aiming to absorb the agricultural college. But for this fact the adjustment of governing board might be more easily arranged for. In my opinion, the most ideal condition is in the state of Wisconsin, where there is a separate board of regents for the university, which however, includes the agricultural, college, the school of mines and all other technological schools, and this board of regents has exclusively the advancement of the university and its interests in charge. There are, however, on the other hand, seven normal schools which have similar aims and purposes, which are put into the hands of another and separate governing board. Where the arrangement of institutions is as it is in Wisconsin, I can conceive of no improvement on this situa- tion. It seems to me that in this instance a governing board for the uni- versity, serving in an honorary capacity, merely having its expenses provided for, is an ideal state of things. The university has all the requisite vigor, independence and power to prosecute its proper work, progress on conservative lines and to set its own limits. The work of the regents is in the highest degree merely judicial and advisory. Where the situation, however, is different, where the agricultural school is a separate institution from the university, it is a matter of some difficulty to decide the question as between a board of control highly paid and efficient, and a board of trustees serving in an honor- ary capacity without pay. On the whole, I am inclined to think that with but three state educational institutions in Iowa Ithe University, the Agricultural College and the State Normal School while it must be admitted that it is a profound mistake to have the Agricultural College separate from the University, and while it must be admitted that the union of these two institutions would put an end to many of the difficulties that now exist, yet I am inclined to believe that Iowa is far better off than she suspects under the present system. A board of control highly paid and efficient may be successful in solving all the difficulties that now exist. I am unable to decide finally with regard to this point, but I cannot help believing that it is a mistake to in- augurate a system which does not in any respect depend upon unpaid effort. I trust that a stage of society will never arrive when there are no men who will work unselfishly, and impartially for the cause of the general good. It would be a pity, it seems to me, to reduce every office to a commercial basis. A board of control for the charitable and penal institutions is unquestionably a- wise move. Prom what I can understand, I have no hesitation in saying that a small and highly paid board of control, as Iowa has at present with regard to the penal and charitable institutions, is a final solution of the question of the control of these organizations. But with regard to educational insti- tutions, the point of view is radically different. Penal and charitable 184 institutions are a necessary evil. They bespeak the weakness of so- ciety. The more perfectly society develops, the less will be the import- ance attached to penal and charitable institutions. They are signs of imperfect development. With educational institutions of the higher sort, all this is different. With the progress of society these institu- tions must play a more important part, and therefore their claims for assistance rest on more ideal grounds than those of charitable and penal institutions. The appropriations required by charitable and penal institutions must be granted. They arise from the necessities of the case. The claims of educational institutions are less tangible and must appeal to more remote and less obvious motives. It is possible that a small board of control efficient and highly paid may accomplish all that can be accomplished now by an honorary board, but I do not think that any priori reasoning can settle this point. The only final test will be the test of experience. Men can bandy arguments pro and con on questions of this complexity until the crack of doom without ar- riving at any final conclusion. On one point, however, we may be certain that there are only two alternatives; on the one hand, a small board highly paid and efficient, devoting all of its time to the educational interests, and that may be, as far as possible, independent of all political, and especially partisan, influences; on the other hand, a larger board, serving in an honorary capacity, less efficient but animated perhaps by higher and more non- commercial ideals. The system as organized in South Dakota is a com- promise between these two alternatives, and is fatally defective. If experience has taught us anything in this state (SouthDakota), it has taught us that an underpaid public service is the most expensive labor of all; that a small salary is as much a bribe as a large one, and perhaps even more so; that any connecting link between the political powers and the educational interests of the state is a fatal defeat so far as the real interests of the people are concerned; and that to have efficient instruction of a higher character in state institutions implies complete independence of thought and speech on the part of the educators. Salaries. The president of the University receives a salary of $3,000 a year. The dean of the College of Law receives $2,500 and the professors receive from $1,200 to $1,800 a year. Assistant pro- fessors and instructors receive salaries ranging from $720 to $1,200 a year. NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY, ""T- J Evanston, Chicago. Colleges and Schools. The University comprises the following de- partments of instruction, each having a distinct faculty: The College of Liberal Arts, in Evanston. The Medical School, in Chicago. The Law School, in Chicago. The School of Pharmacy, in Chicago. The Dental School, in Chicago. 165 The School of Music, in Evanston. The following non-degree-conferring departments are maintained by the University: The Academy, at Evanston. Grand Prairie Seminary, at Onarga, Illinois. The Elgin Academy, at Elgin, Illinois. Garrett Biblical Institute. A theological school authorized by its charter to confer degrees in divinity, is established on its own founda- tion and under separate management. The buildings of the institute are on the University campus in Evanston, and the school is in close co-operation with the University. The Norwegian-Danish Theological School in Evanston is located with the institute. The Swedish Theological Seminary is an independent school located on the University campus in Evanston. The Cumnock School of Oratory is conducted on the University campus at Evanston. Government Board of Trustees. President Thomas F. Holgate: The board of trustees of this University consists of forty-four members, of whom thirty-six are elected by the board, and eight are elected by four annual conferences of the Methodist Episcopal church. These latter are elected one annually in each conference to serve for two years; the former are divided into four groups, the members of each group being elected for a period of four years, so that nine trustees of this class retire each year, but in practice are usually re-elected until a vacancy occurs by death or removal so distant that it is practically impossible for the trustee to perform his duties. The board is thus practically self-perpetuating and continuous. The changes in any one year are so slight as not to disturb the workings of the board. Meetings of the Board Committees. President Holgate: Where detailed administrative work is to be handled by the board, it is nec- essary that there should be frequent meetings in order to avoid tedious delays. If a board is large this becomes almost impossible and this University has found It advisable to hold but four meetings of the board during the year. The most important of these is perhaps the meeting in June, at which time the informal reports are presented by the president of the University and the business manager, and the elec- tions of members and officers of the board are held. The annual meet- ing, so-called, is held in October, when the formal reports for the pre- ceding academic year are presented, and the work of that year re- viewed. The financial situation of the University is carefully discussed at that time and the general educational policy is considered. The meetings in February and April are less formal, and are usually given over to discussions of questions that may be raised by the president of the University, or of any question that may come up for special con- sideration at the time. To avoid more frequent meetings of the board there exists an ex- ecutive committee of sixteen members, mostly resident within easy access of the University. This committee has the full power of the 166 board during the intervals, except that it may not elect a president of the University or a full professor. It meets monthly and handles all the detailed business of the University. The various sub-committees of the board are appointed to consider in particular matters relating to the several departments of the University. For example, there is a committee on the College of Liberal Arts, consisting of five members. During the year this committee meets at the call of the president of the University, and frequently with the dean of the college. Any mat ter relating to the internal work of the college will be discussed with this committee before it goes to the executive committee or to the gen- eral board. The establishment of new departments of study, the elec- tion of the professors and instructors, plans for new buildings, and the like go in the first instance to this committee. These committees on the several departments report to the executive committee or to the board such recommendations as they may deem wise for the depart- ment concerned. Salaries. President Holgate: The salary of the president of the University has been $7,500, and will hereafter be probably as much as that together with a free house. The salaries of professors in the professional schools average higher than do salaries in the College of Liberal Arts. A professor in the law school or medical school who is giving full time to the work of the school will receive from $3,000 to $4,000. The deans of the law school and dental school have salaries of $5,000. The salaries of other professors in these schools vary ac- cording to the time devoted to the schools. In the College of Liberal Arts the highest salary paid to any professor not an administrative of- ficer is $3,300. This salary is paid to three men. Then there is a group of other professors who receive $3,000 a year. Some others re- ceive $2,700, some $2,500 and one as low as $1,800. An associate professor's salary is $2,200, and an assistant professor receives from $1,500 to $2,000, according to length of service. An instructor's sal- ary varies from $1,000 to $1,200. Only one instructor receives $1,300. ' Tutors and laboratory assistants receive smaller salaries varying with the amount of time given. Time Employed by Professors and Instructors. President Holgate: The number of hours a week of lectures by various professors differs somewhat according to the department and also according to the kind of work to be done. A college professor's duties may be grouped under three heads; first, teaching; second, administrative; and third, scien- tific investigation or literary production. A man who does no work of investigation would naturally be expected to give a greater amount of time to teaching or admiTiistration, and it is generally recognized that one who has the gift of investigation should be left largely free for that work. Ordinarily a professor will lecture from eight to twelve hours a week. Those who supervise laboratories are expected to give fewer lectures and the teachers of foreign languages, as a rule, meet more classes a week than do the men who lecture on history, economics, or literature. A young instructor will teach from fifteen to eighteen hours a week, much of this, however, being duplicate work. Purchase of Supplies and Materials. President Holgate: All pur- chases for the offices, laboratory, library, etc., are made through the business manager's office. The officer of instruction needing supplies will make out a requisition and send it to the dean's office where it is tabulated and note taken that the purchase does not exceed the appro- priation for that purpose. After the requisition has secured the signa- ture of the dean it is forwarded to the business manager's office, and a record made of the order. After the business manager signs the requisition it is then forwarded to the merchant, who fills the order, delivering the goods and sending the bill to the person originating the order. The bill then receives the O. K. of the professor receiving the goods and is transmitted to the dean's office for record, and next to the business manager's office for payment. Checks are drawn monthly and all bills and checks pass under the eye of the auditor before being recommended to the executive committee for payment. The action of the executive committee ordering payment is purely formal, but serves as a safeguard for the business manager. The routine here outlined may seem cumbersome, as it did to us when it was first put into operation, but we have found that the care taken in placing orders fully repays the effort. It is the only means by which the business manager can know what orders for supplies are out, and what bills he will be expected to meet at the end of the month. In fact, it is the only way to know what the actual indebted- ness of the University is at any given time. Enrollment. President Holgate: The enrollment for the year 1904-05 in the different colleges was as follows: College of Liberal Arts 879 Graduate students 61 Undergraduate students 818 Medical school 591 Law school 225 School of Pharmacy 252 Dental school 454 School of music 344 Total 2,745 Deduct names counted twice 63 Total in degree conferring departments. ... 2,682 Total in non-degree conferring departments 1,259 Total 3,941 Deduct names counted elsewhere 257 Total in all departments under the control of our board 3,684 Affiliated Theological Schools . 175 Total 3,85t Deduct names counted twice 16 Net total 3,843 168 Tuition and Other Fees. President Holgate: The fees for students are as follows: College of Liberal Arts, per year $ 80 Special fee for children of minister 50 Laboratory fees for use of scientific laboratories, from $4 to $15, varying with the laboratory. . Medical school tuition fee, per year 175 Law school tuition fee, per year 105 School of pharmacy tuition fee, per year 135 Dental school tuition fee, per year 150 School of music tuition fee, depends on course taken. . . . Per Capita Cost. President Holgate: I regret to say that I have not the data at hand which will give an accurate estimate of the cost month by month in the several schools. In general, it may be said that the tuition fees in the medical, pharmacy, dental and music schools express the cost of instruction, since these schools are self-supporting, the dental school alone yielding a slight net Income over expenditures due to the receipts from the large clinic. In the college of liberal arts the average cost of instruction for each student for the academic year is $156.50. In this estimate is included the cost of maintenance of buildings and grounds. If we take simply the cost of instruction, omit- ting all appropriations for apparatus, maintenance of the library, ad- ministration, and miscellaneous items, the cost is almost exactly $103. a year for each student. In the law school the actual cost of instruc- tion for each student is $159.50. Sources and Amount of Income. President Holgate: The annual budget of this University for the year 1905-06 anticipates an income for the year of $559,782. Of this amount $204,923 comes from in- terest on invested funds and rental on improved property, mostly in Evanston and Chicago. Against this item there is, however, a counter- charge of $100,997, for interest on indebtedness mostly secured by mortgages on improved property, for the care of property, assessments, legal expenses, etc. The tuition receipts in all departments amount to about $328,000, of which $62,000 is received from students in the College of Liberal Arts. There is also an anticipated income of $27,500 for board and rooms in the women's dormitory and is off-set by an equivalent item for expenditures there. The receipts of tuition from the medical, law, pharmacy, dental, and music schools are slightly in excess of the cost of operating these schools the law school being the only one which experiences an annual deficit. The anticipated expenditures for the year are as follows: General administration, including the president's office, business manager's office, annuities to retired professors, general advertising, commencement, and such other items as are not charged to a particular department, $30,110; College of Liberal Arts, $133,981; Medical School, $77,660; Law School, $33,315; School of Pharmacy, $28,595; Dental School, $69,280; School of Music, $34,637; Academy, $23,558. Small vs. Large Boards. President Holgate: Whether a board of 169 trustees should be large or small depends entirely upon how it 13 chosen and what its functions are. If a board is to be purely legisla- tive, then, in my judgment, it should be large enough to be thoroughly representative. If the board is to manage a state institution, it is perhaps necessary that it should represent all sections of the state geo- graphically, but in addition to this, it should represent the varieties of interest involved. Except as it may be necessary to meet the need for geographical distribution, a board of from 15 to 21 members should be large enough for all practical purposes. Educational Policies How Determined. President Holgate: The educational policies of the University are mainly in the hands of the president, while the carrying out ef these policies and the adjustment of all details are left to the deans and faculties of the several depart- ments. An educational policy is seldom adopted by the president until after consultation with the faculty concerned, or with the deans of tke departments. Before any act, either of the faculty or the president of the University, which shapes the future activities of the University, can become effective, it must be approved by the executive committee or the board of trustees; that is to say, educational policies originate with the president or the faculty. They become effective only after approval by the board. Financial Policies How Planned and Carried Out. President Hol- gate: The large business interests of this University because of its extensive real estate holdings, make the appointment of a business manager a necessity. This officer is under salary and devotes a large share of his time to the work of the University. The only business managers so far chosen have been members of the board of trustees, and naturally he is one of the most active of the board. With him is associated various committees of the board; for instance, all invest- ments are passed upon by the finance committee, and the annual budget which is prepared from the educational side by the president of the University in conjunction with the deans of the several depart- ments, and from the commercial side by the business manager is re- ferred to the finance committee for detailed examination before being approved. Real estate transactions are referred to the so-called land committee. It may be said that the business manager does the financial planning for the University, and when authorized by the board, ex- ecutes all financial transactions. The Iowa Situation. President Holgate: Since the visit of your committee last May, I have made as careful a study of the educational situation in Iowa as could be made from the printed circulars of the several schools, and as the time at my disposal would allow. This, together with my previous general knowledge of the situation, gives me, I think, some moderate conception of the difficulties which con- front your committee. You have, as I understand, a State University at Iowa City, with its College of Liberal Arts and Graduate School as a core, and the profes- sional schools growing up about it; the College of Agriculture and the Mechanic Arts at Ames, with its magnificent equipment and rapid de- 170 velopment along practical lines; and one or more State Normal Schools, all of these under separate boards appointed by or representa- tive of the state. Between the State University and the College of Agriculture there is a considerable amount of duplication of work, with a tendency to increase this amount, and some rivalry for claim upon the attention of the state legislature. The trustee board, or board of regents, of these two schools are naturally interested in the develop- ment of their own school and each board presses its claims independ- ent of the needs of the other. Some feeling of rivalry may exist be- tween the Normal Schools and the others, particularly as the others are developing departments of pedagogy, but this is perhaps not so keen. I will first express an opinion as to what seems to be the proper line of division between the schools, and then make some suggestions as to how this may be brought about. In the first place, it would seem natural that at Ames should be concentrated all of the work of a technical and mechanical sort under- taken by the state. By technical I mean technoligical, rather than professional in the ordinarily accepted sense; that is to say, it seems to me that all of the work of engineering, whether mechanical or civil, or mining, should be concentrated there. All of the work in agriculture and allied subjects, including veterinary surgery, would naturally go there. And to my mind also the work in domestic science should be concentrated at Ames. I doubt if this school should offer a course in general science for pure culture apart from its purpose as technical training. On the other hand, at the State University should be found the College of Liberal Arts and the Graduate School, with their scien- tific departments elaborated and extended for the study of pure science apart from its professional applications. The study of pure science will, of course, lead to many applications, but in the College of Lib- eral Arts the applications should be the incident, rather than the pur- pose of the study. Advanced investigations may be carried on which will find their application in the technical schools at Ames. To be specific, it would seem to me that the school at Ames should surrender its courses which do not lead to some technical degree, and on the other hand, the school at Iowa City should yield its department or school of applied science. In the working out of this scheme there will of course be some dup- lication. To give a complete and rounded course at Ames it will be necessary to carry on a considerable amount of work in mathematics, English, history, economics, and the modern foreign languages. But these departments of study should be treated as the basal subjects for a technical education. In other words, I doubt if the work in these departments should extend much beyond what every student in the college is expected to pursue, French and German should be taught to an extent sufficient to give students a good reading knowledge of those languages, with perhaps slight opportunity for specializing. His- tory and economics belong in such a school, but, in my judgment, not elaborate courses. Mathematics must be taught, especially those branches of mathematics which apply directly to the work of engineer- ill ing. In the University at Iowa City the subjects here mentioned will, of course, have to be duplicated but work in those departments should be greatly extended beyond what is offered at Ames. It seems to have been the plan to concentrate the professional schools of law, medicine, dentistry, pharmacy, and commerce at Iowa City. Between these and the school at Ames there should be no con- flict. Between the University at Iowa City and the College at Ames, and the Normal Schools there could, it seems to me, be no conflict except in the work in pedagogy. But since the Normal Schools are confined almost wholly to the training of grade teachers, any work in pedagogy that might be taken up by the State University would naturally be of a different character. Now as to how these things may be brought about. The Normal Schools have a field which is so entirely distinct from either of the other schools that I think they may well be left to work out their own problems with perhaps an independent board of trustees. But for the other two schools, I am inclined to think that better results would be secured by having a single board of trustees for the two schools. This board would of course have to be representative of the state, and perhaps would need to contain as many as twenty-two members if it is to represent eleven districts of the state. Then certain ex-officio members of the board would probably bring the number up to twenty- five. It would seem to me that a smaller board, not exceeding fifteen in number, would be better. This board might be subdivided so that one part would give special attention to the school at Iowa City, and the other to the school at Ames, but if so, the two parts should have several members in common, and the findings of neither part should be final until passed upon by the whole board. The administration of the two schools would have to be, I think, considering their distance apart, practically independent, each school having its own president and faculty. When new departments of study are to be added in either school, or any department of study enlarged, the approval of the board should be secured and all appointments should be made by the full board. For instance, if a department of domestic science is to be established, it should rest with the board to determine, after considering the whole situation, whether this school should be located at Iowa City or at Ames. Or, if the work in elec- trical engineering is to be enlarged so as to provide better facilities Tor instruction in this branch, the board should determine whether this enlargement should go at the one place or the other. In short, it seems to me that the solution of the difficulty is most likely to come through a single board of trustees, with the appointment of such small executive committees as are necessary for flexibility, and with separate administrative heads for the two institutions. Care will need to be exercised in any legislation establishing such a board to secure permanency. A rapid fluctuating board managing the two schools would be much more hazardous than such a board having only one 178 school in charge. After such a board has once passed upon the general policy to be carried out during any given year, the administrative of- ficers of the separate colleges, in consultation with the president of the board, or such small executive committee as may be appointed, might carry out the work during the year with little difficulty. UNIVERSITY OP WISCONSIN. Government Board of Regents. The government of the University shall vest in a board of regents, to consist of one member from each congressional district and two from the state at large, at least one of whom shall be a woman, to be appointed by the governor; the state superintendent and the president of the University shall be ex-officio members of said board; said president shall be a member of all stand- ing committees of the board, but shall have the right to vote only in case of a tie*. Wisconsin Statutes, Sec. 378 (as amended by chapter 255, Laws of 1901.) Same Powers. 1. The Board of regents shall possess all the powers necessary or convenient to accomplish the objects and perform the duties prescribed by law. 2. Shall have the custody of the books, records, buildings, and other property of the University. 3. Shall enact laws for the government of the University in all its branches. 4. Shall elect president, professors, instructors, officers and other employees and fix salaries. 5. Have other general powers. Wisconsin Statutes, Sections 379, 381. Colleges and Departments. ^The statute provides that the Uni- versity shall consist of the following colleges or departments, to-wit: 1. The College of Letters and Science. 2. The College of Mechanics and Engineering. 3. The College of Agriculture. 4. The College of Law. 5. Such other colleges, schools or departments as may from time to time be added thereto. Wisconsin Statutes, Sec. 3S5. Courses of Study and Schools. In addition to the colleges name* in the statute, the University as now organized consists of the follow- ing courses and schools: 1. The Course in Commerce. 2. The Course in Pharmacy. 3. The Course in Home Economics. 4. The Graduate School. 5. The School of Music. Large vs. Small Boards. A board of regents should be sufficiently large to be essentially a legislative body when acting as a unit, leaving detailed investigations and recommendations to committees of the board which are to report to the full board. (President Van Hise.) 173 Boards Compensation. President Van Hise: In Wisconsin, & governing board not paid has secured men of the highest ability, the strongest men in the state in their respective lines. A non-salaried position on the board is regarded as an honor. If members of the board were paid, such men as Colonel Vilas, ex-postmaster general, United State senator, and secretary of the interior, would not consider a position on the board. President a Member of the Board. President Van Hise: The president should be a member of the governing board, but his influence should be mainly by advice and opinion rather than by voting. Our law here is that the president of the University is a member of both the board and all its standing committees, but has a vote only In case of a tie. The law has worked admirably. Small Boards. President Van Hise: A University controlled by a board of regents consisting of representatives from all* parts of the state is more virtually connected with the people than it would be if controlled by a board of three members. Moreover I frankly confess it would be my fear, if there were a paid board of three members, this board would be likely to desire to exercise to a greater or less extent the duties which ought to be performed by the president. Paid vs. Non-Paid Board. President Van Hise: A paid board would necessarily consist of few members, and such a board could not represent the different districts. A non-paid board, however, may be large enough to represent each of the congressional districts, and this I think is advantageous. Superintendent of Buildings ^Architect. President Van Hise: We have an architect and superintendent of buildings and grounds, and a foreman of the grounds. Former draws plans and specifications for buildings and supervises their construction, lays out general plans for improvement of grounds, which are executed under direction of fore- man. Educational Policies. President Van Hise: At Wisconsin educa- tional policies initiated by faculty, but where important departures are made must be approved by the regents. Financial Policies. President Van Hise: Financial policies largely initiated by president, presented by him to budget committee, which committee reports to the regents who approve same. Duplication of Work University and Agricultural College. Presi- dent Van Hise: The Situation at Iowa involves difficulties of a dual system for higher education which we do not have at Wisconsin, so what I may say upon this point is a matter of opinion rather than of experience. It seems to me that the presidents of the two institutions should co-operate upon the basis of what is best for the educational interests of the state. Also in this connection it seems to me advan- - tageous if the regents of the two institutions would meet together with the presidents and discuss co-operation from this point of view. If voluntary co-operation does not succeed in solving the difficulties, and consolidation is necessary it is my opinion that the consolidated insti- tution should be under the control of a large non-paid board rather 174 than a small paid board of control. Such a board could first be made by consolidating the two boards or regents and provision could be made for gradual change to a single board of proper size. Needs How Presented to the Legislature. President Van Hise: At Wisconsin statement of needs of University prepared by the presi- dent, presented to the regents, approved by them and a legislative com- mittee of the board, including the president, appointed to present the case to the legislature. Purchases. President Van Hise: Funds alloted by budget to var- ious colleges and departments. After allotment made supplies obtained by requisition, which requisition must be approved in turn by the head of the department, the dean of the college and the president, and by the executive committee. This seems complex, but is comparatively simple. All purchases made through the regent's office, the purchasing agent being the paid secretary of the board. Control of Educational Institutions. President Van Hise: Control of educational institutions by a non-paid board has been satisfactory in a large number of the states and therefore I think it would be wise to pursue a conservative policy. My own remedy would be along the lines of reform or consolidation of the boards rather than so radical a change as abolishing the regents and substituting a small paid board. Receipts and Disbursements. The receipts of the University of Wisconsin for the year ending June 30, 1904, were in the amount of $711,665.83 Disbursements for the same year 711,053 . 36 Salaries. From a tabulated statement of disbursements made by the regents of the University of Wisconsin for the year ending June 30, 1904, we take the following: Salaries Agricultural College and Experiment Station-. . . .$33,691.16 Salaries College of Letters and Science 184,790.93 Salaries College of Engineering 47,241. 74 Salaries College of Law 13,241 . 55 Salaries School of Pharmacy 4,600 . 00 Salaries Washburn Observatory 4,540 . 00 Salaries General Library 6,713 . 37 Salaries Agricultural Institute Fund 2,200.00 Salaries Summer Session 9,175 . 00 Salaries Administration 9,750 . 00 Total $315,943 . 75 Janitors and Labor Agricultural College and Experiment Station $21,358.22 College Letters and Science 6,695 . 33 College of Engineering 2,623 .03 College of Law .281 . 25 School of Pharmacy 306.25 Washburn Observatory 540.00 General Library 480.00 Agricultural Institute Fund 59.04 Summer Session 169.70- Total $32,512.82 175 Salaries College of Agriculture Dean $ 4,000.00 Seven Professors $1,000 to $3,000 average 2,200.00 Salaries College of Letters and Science Dean ? 4,500.00 Fifty-five Professors $1,400 to $3,000 average 2,044.00 Salaries College of Engineering Dean : $ 3,250.00 Fifteen Professors $1,400 to $2,500 average 1,900.00 Salaries College of Law Dean $3,500.00 Two Professors each 1,012 . 75 Two Professors each 1,012 . 75 Salaries School of Pharmacy Edward Kremris $ 2,300.00 Four Instructors $400 to $800 Salaries Administration President C. R. Van Hise $ 6,500 . 00 Secretary of Regents 2,750.00 Expenditures Wisconsin, 1904 The total expenditures for the year ending June 30, 1904, is shown in the following statement, taken from the regents report to the gov- ernor: Salaries $315,943 . 75 Apparatus 28,241.38 Furniture 4,246 . 17 Heat, light and water 58,164 .45 Library 18,439.30 Repairs, insurance and building 52,792 . 52 Postage, printing, advertising, freight and express 16,662.32 Salaries and expenses, institute workers 7,583 . 71 Expenses of regents and visitors 1,034 . 15 President's contingent and clerk and office expenses.... 15,186.88 Live stock, seeds, tools, feed, farm expences, etc . 60,766.75 Janitors and labor 32,512 . 82 Armory, traveling and incidental expenses 6, 265. 54 Cranberry investigation 2,500 . 00 Tobacco Investigation 1,403 . 11 Miscellaneous 149,310.51 Total expenditures $771,053 . 36 178 Attendance Number of Students During Year 1903-4 College of Letters and Science 1,312 College of Mechanics and Engineering 744 College of Agriculture 525 College of Law 201 Course in Pharmacy 36 School of Music 172 Summer Session 330 Summer School for Artisans and Apprentices 70 Less twice enumerated 239 The summer session of 1904 has a registration of 395 and the library school of the same summer was attended by 59 persons. Tuition Fees. See statement of President MacLean under head- ing: University of Iowa. UNIVERSITY OP NEBRASKA. Government. In Nebraska the government of the University Is vested in a board of six regents, elected by the electors of tne state at large. Powers Compensation. The board of regents have general powers and act without compensation. Organization and Government. "The University of Nebraska is a part of the public school system of the state, embracing all the grades of the system above the twelfth. * * * The University has no pre- paratory department. It maintains, however, secondary schools in agriculture, mechanic arts, and domestic science." University Bulletin. Colleges and Schools. The University comprises the following col- leges and schools: 1. The College of Literature and the Arts. 2. The College of Law. 3. The College of Medicine. 4. The Industrial College. 5. The Graduate School. 6. The School of Agriculture. 7. The School of Mechanic Arts. 8. The School of Domestic Science. 9. The School of Fine Arts. 10. The Affiliated School of Music. 11. The Summer Session. "The Industrial College comprises the general and special groups of studies in science, agriculture, forestry and engineering, leading to the degree of Bachelor of Science. The course for this degree requires, as a rule, four years of residence work. With the Industrial College are also three secondary schools as follows: The School of Agriculture is a secondary school, training students for an intelligent farm life. There are two terms each year for three 177 13 years. For those who cannot spend a larger time at the University, there is a short course of nine weeks. The School of Domestic Science is a secondary school, teaching women the principles of household economics. The School of Mechanic Arts is a secondary school, with a two years course, teaching the principles of practical mechanics." Uni- versity Bulletin, Series 10, No. 7. Accredited Schools. -The inspection of high schools is performed by an inspector of accredited schools appointed by the board of regents. The report of the inspector, together with the official reports of the schools forms the data on which the University bases its action. Uni- versity Bulletin. Attendance The Graduate School 107 The College of Literature, Science and Arts 948 The Industrial College 754 The College of Law 183 The College of Medicine 150 The School of Fine Arts 92 The University School of Music 360 The Summer Session . 191 Grand total . . . Deduct for repeated names Total registration 2,513 The foregoing figures were taken from the report of the registrar to the chancellor and board of regents, found in the University Bulle- tin. Salaried Board of Control. Ques. What are your objections, if any, to a salaried board of control, consisting of three or five members? Answer by President E. Benjamin Andrews: The number five is large enough, and if they are faithful, they will earn good salaries, but I should fear that salaries would invite placemen, not in sympathy with education, outsiders holding the power of the purse, but unable or unwilling, or both, to get really at the nature of the work they are the expected to supervise. Salaried Boards. I should prefer men willing to do the work with- out salary. Such are more certain to have sympathy with it. (Presi- dent Andrews.) Sources and Amount of Income. About half a million a year, mainly from legislation, appropriations, partly from endowment and sale of lands. (President Andrews.) Salaries Paid Professors and other Employees. Chancellor, $5,000; professors (average), $2,000; deans, $2,500; associate professors, $1,700, assistants, $1,500; adjunct, $1,200; instructors, $1,000; jani- tors, $500. (President Andrews.) 178 Duplication. The Normal School can easily be kept off the ground of the other two institutions. The University and College as long as they are separate, must duplicate to a considerable extent. Both must teach history, English, biology and engineering. The legislature might decide which institution should lead in each of the branches named, i. e., it might enact that in a given branch, as history, the one institu- tion or the other should limit its teaching to elements, while the other should be permitted to take up advanced work and research. In making and preserving such adjustments, a single board of gov- ernment might, theoretically, work to great advantage, but I should fear that in practice it would not improve things much over the old plan. * * * In a great state like Iowa, with separate institutions, you must duplicate much of the work. (President Andrews.) Hours of Work Required From Professors and Instructors. Twelve hours a week is regarded as good service, though most of our professors and all of our instructors do more. Most of our teaching people work too many hours. UNIVERSITY OP MICHIGAN. Government. The governing body of the University of Michigan is a board of regents, eight in number, elected by popular vote for a term of eight years. Organization of the University. The University comprises the fol- lowing departments: 1. The Department of Literature, Science, and the Arts (includ- ing the Graduate School.) 2. The Department of Engineering. 3. The Department of Medicine and Surgery. 4. The Department of Law. 5. The School of Pharmacy. 6. The Homeopathic Medical College. 7. The College of Dental Surgery. Attendance (School Year 1903-1904 Department of Literature, Science and the Arts 1,422 Department of Engineering 823 Department of Medicine and Surgery . . 418 Department of Law 865 School of Pharmacy .'. 65 Homeopathic Medical College 69 College of Dental Surgery 94 3,756 Deduct for names counted more than once . 97 Total, exclusive of Summer Session 3,659 Summer Session 298 Grand total . 3,957 Hi Tuition Fees. See statement of President MacLean under head- ing State University. Receipts and Disbursements. The receipts for the school year 1903-1904 were in the amount of $787,302.67 Disbursements, same year 765,297.61 Salaries of Professors. See statement of Regent Babb, under head- ing State University. President James B. Angel, in a letter to the committee, says: "I regret to say that I cannot undertake to answer your questions, because our organization in this state is so different from that in Iowa or in any other place that we have no experience which will throw light on your problem. By our state constitution the board of regents is really a co-ordinate branch of the state government, having absolute control (independ- ently of the legislature or executive) of its own finances and internal administration, except in so far as it receives legislative appropriations. The Agricultural College and Normal School boards have not the same authority. Naturally enough the consolidation of our boards has never been a vital question here. Therefore, I do not feel that I am prepared to express opinions on the points you raise, and shall have to ask you to excuse me from so doing." INDIANA UNIVERSITY. President Win. L. Bryan of Indiana University to the Committee. I believe that the experience of American educational institutions jus- tifies the judgment that each institution should have its own board of trustees. It is without doubt important that the various state educational institutions should arrive at a harmonious plan of action so as to avoid unwise duplication of work. I believe, however, that it would be pos- sible and that it would be best to arrange such a plan by a conference between the trustees of the several institutions. A large board of control may be, of coure, more widely and fairly representative. On the other hand, it is likely to be less effective. I should prefer a number not less than five nor greater than ten. The best men in Indiana count it an honor to serve the state as members of the boards of educational institutions. It would be quite impossible to secure better men or better service, if salaries were paid, for the reason that we already have the best service of the best men in the state. Five members of our board are elected by the state board of edu- cation and three members by the Alumni of the University. We are very well pleased with this plan. It does not seem to me important that the president of the Uni- versity should be a member of the board, or that he should have a vote. If the measures which he proposes can command only a technical majority of the board, they should in most cases be postponed or dis- missed. Successful administration in a University requires substantial unanimity. One vote more or less is unimportant. 180 If the board and the president are working together in a harmon- ious administration, the president will naturally be a consulting mem- ber of all committees. It is not, however, important in my opinion that he should have a vote upon any committee. The president must have weight not by his vote but by his ideas, by his knowledge, by his judgment, by his disinterestedness, by his character. If he is reduced to sustaining himself by his vote, the time is at hand for his resigna- tion. Receipt from the State Educational tax $123,470 .98 Interest on endowment 27, 4 45. 78 Interest on University bonds 7,200 . 00 Total $158,116.76 Receipts from other sources Interest on college loans $ 2,587 . 92 Interest from city school trustees 180.00 Fees collected 10,748 . 44 Sundry items 238.86 Total $ 13,755 . 22 Net Income $171,871 . 98 Indiana University has a superintendent of buildings and a keeper of grounds. The former is at the head of the janitor and plumbing force. He recommends the appointment and discharge of his helpers and oversees their work. He sees that all buildings are kept in re- pair, including plumbing, both water and heat. He is paid $720 per year. The keeper of the grounds has charge of all work on the campus, outside the buildings. He is paid $600 per year. The proposal of educational policies comes naturally for the most part from the president. Often, also, from members of the faculty or from members of the board of trustees. The determination of edu- cational policies rests with the faculty and the trustees jointly. The point as to the exact division of authority in this matter is not pressed. We try to work together and prize a harmonious spirit more than the immediate success of this or that project. The president prepares an annual budget for the consideration of the board. The board of trustees exercises final authority upon every point in the budget. At present I am only prepared to suggest that a conference might be arranged between representatives of the several institutions to de- termine upon the field of each. A committee of three members of the legislature appointed by the governor visits the University a short time before the opening of the legislature. The University submits to that committee an elaborate typewritten report. The legislative committee, in turn, makes recom- mendations to the legislature. The present law has been in force for six years. Within that time the legislature has always adopted the recommendations of the committee. 18! All supplies are purchased through the purchasing agent. De- partmental supplies are purchased upon the written requisition of heads of departments. In case of minor purchases the lowest market price is determined by correspondence. Large contracts, of all sorts are submitted to competitive bidders. I should fear that if the position of trustees commanded a large salary, it would be in peril of falling into politics. As it is, our board has been for fifty years free from politics. If there were a conflict between two or more state educational in- stitutions with regard to the ground which each should cover and iT this conflict were so sharp that it could not be settled by a conference between the representatives of those institutions, the appointment of a common board for the institutions would not, in my judgment, settle the difficulty. It would only change the field of conflict. I should fear for the internal harmony and efficiency of a board which had such a conflict perpetually on its hands. EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS OP MONTANA. The State Board of Education consists of eleven members. The governor, state superintendent of public instruction and attorney gen- eral are ex-officio members. The remaining eight are appointed by the governor by and with the advice and consent of the senate. Powers of Board. They have the general control and supervision of the State University and the various state educational institutions. They do not receive any compensation for their services but are al- lowed travelling expenses. State University. The University of Montana is controlled directly by the State Board of Education. .Other Educational Institutions. The School of Mines, the Agri- cultural College and the State Normal School have executive boards, each composed of five members. These boards have the immediate di- rection and control of the affairs of the institution, subject only to the general supervision and control of the State Board of Education. SALARIES. Kansas State Agricultural College. Ernest R. Nichols, president $4,000 . 00 Nineteen professors,. .1,650 to $1,200 average 1,318.00 Assistant professors and instructors receive from $600 to.. 1,100.00 The University of Minnesota. Dean of Agricultural Department $4,000 . 00 Dean of Engineering and Mechanics 3, 000. 00 Dean of School of Mines 3,000 . 00 Salaries of the leading department in the agricultural division 2,400.00 Salaries of the heads of the leading scientific departments, $2,400 to 2,700.00 Salaries paid to assistants and instructors, $500 to 1,500.00 182 Washington University. "Our professors of civil engineering, mechanical engineering and electrical engineering receive now, or will receive when they have ad- vanced to the highest salary, $2,750." The deans receive $500 more than comes to the full professorship. "As a rule we do not appoint any man assistant professor until he receives a salary of $1,500. Gen- erally instructors receive $1,000." Some as low as $600. (Chancellor Chaplin, 11-29-1905.) University of Michigan. Our salaries for professors run from $2,500 to $3,000. For junior professors they are $2,000; for assistant professors, $1,600; for in- structors, from $900 to $1,200 dollars. The dean of the literary de- partment has $300.00 as dean and $3,000 as professor. The dean of the engineering department is paid $3,500 for all his services; the dean of the medical department $3,000 for his professorship and dean- ship combined. The dean of the homeopathic medical college has the same, the dean of the law department, $5,000 for his professorship and deanship combined. We pay assistants all the way from nothing up to $500 or $600. I may add that we are feeling keenly the importance of raising the whole scale of our salaries because the stronger institutions in the country are trying to pick them off by offers of much larger sal- aries than we pay. (President James E. Angell, Nov. 29, 1905.) Michigan State Agricultural College. President's salary, $5,000 and house; regular salary of heads of departments, $1,000 and house, or $2,000 without house; two excep- tions, professor of agriculture receives $2,200 and house, director of station, $2,000 and house. Assistant professors receive $1,200 to $1,500, and instructors from $500 to $1,000. We have no deans." (President J. L. Snyder, Nov. 29, 1905.) Massachusetts Institute of Technology. We do not have deans for the different courses. The salary of the heads of our engineering courses is $4,000 . 00 The average salary of an associate professor is 2,500.00 The salary of an assistant professor ranges from $1,500 to. . 2000.00 The salary of instructors varies from $800 to 1,500. 00 And that of assistants from $500 to 600.00 The University of Kansas. The regular salary of deans is $2,300 . 00 Salary of full professors, $1,800 to . 2,200 . 00 Salary of associate professors, $1,400 to 1,800.00 Salary of assistant professors, $1,000 to 1,400.00 Salary of instructors, $600 to 1,000 . 00 (Chancellor Strong, Dec. 2, 1905.) 183 Purdue University Salary paid a full professor 2,250. 00 Salary paid associate and assistant professors, $1,400 to. ... 1,800.00 Salary paid instructors, $1,000 to 1,400 . 00 Salary paid assistant instructors, $500 to 1,000.00 (President W. E. Stone, Nov. 29, 1905.) Columbia University. At present, deans receive no compensation in addition to their pro- fessional salaries. The heads of engineering departments receive $5,000 as a rule. The heads of the leading scientific departments receive $5,000 as a rule. Assistants are appointed for one year and receive $500; tutors are appointed for one year and receive a salary of $1,000, with an annual increase of $100 yearly with each reappointment, up to a maximum of $1,500. Instructors are appointed for one year and receive a salary of $1,600, with an annual increase of $100 yearly with each reap- pointment, up to a maximum of $2,000. (President Nicholas M. But- ler, 12-1-1905.) University of California. No deans are given salaries as such. The head of our agricultural department, Professor Hilgard, has received $4,000; Professor Wick- son, the horticulturalist, $3,000; the other teachers in agriculture re- ceive $2,000 or somewhat less; the heads of engineering departments receive $3,000 to $3,300; heads of other departments of the Uni- versity the same. There are a few cases where the salaries of pro- fessors are the same, and in one or two cases professors receive $4,000 and $5,000. Associate professors receive $2,000 and upwards, as- sistant professors, $1,400 to $1,800; instructors, $900 to $1,400, and assistants $500 to $600. (President Benj. I. Wheeler, 12-8-1905.) Ohio State University. The statutes of Ohio provide that no professor shall receive more than $2,500. We hope to have that limit repealed at the coming leg- islature. We do not pay our' deans any thing for their services as deans. In the department of agriculture our salaries are just about as they are in other departments; no special difference being made. Until last year the highest salary paid in any department was $2,250. For the current year some of the professors of long standing have been put up to the limit of the law, $2,500, where it was twenty years ago. It so happens that our men in the department of agriculture are young men and therefore are not beyond the $2,250 point. With reference to engineering departments the same principle holds. The dean of the college of engineering, who is professor of ceramics, the professor of mechanical engineering, the professor of 184 mathematics, and some others receive $2,500 this year. It happens that the head of the department of electrical engineering and one or two others are young men and have not therefore come up to the highest salary paid. The leading scientific departments might be mentioned as physics, chemistry, zoology, physiology, botany, and these all receive $2,500, the heads of these departments being men of long standing in the University. The other scientific departments have younger men at their heads who will eventually be promoted. So far as I can see there is no distinction in this University between engineering, agricul- ture, science, and other departments. In the matter of assistants. We have some men to whom we have given the rank of professor within a department, not heads of depart- ments, who are receiving $2,000; others are receiving $1,800. These men will eventually be given some increase, a little at a time, until they come within two or three hundred dollars of the amount paid the head of the department. Associate professors are paid from $1,500 to $1,800. Assistant professors are paid from $1,200 to $1,800. In- structors are paid from $900 to $1,200. Laboratory assistants are ^paid from $500 to $800. (President W. O. Thompson, 12-19-'05.) State University Salaries. (See an excellent article written by Foulk and Earhart In the Sep- tember number of the Popular Science Monthly.) Per Diem and Mileage of Trustees of Agricultural College for the year ending June 30, 1905: Name. Per Diem. Mileage. Total. J.H.Wilson $116.00 $202.40 $318.40 G. S. Allyn 56.00 77.40 133.40 W. K. Boardman 44.00 9.00 53.00 W. O. McElroy 84.00 84.90 168.90 W. R. Moninger , 120.00 135.85 255.85 Vincent Zmat 112.00 252.30 364.30 J. B. Hungerford 200.00 295.00 495.00 Ellison Orr 120.00 330.00 450.00 John P. Riggs 32.00 27.30 59.30 E. A. Alexander 68.00 51.20 119.20 H. M. Letts 152.00 356.20 508.20 W. J. Dixon . . 244.00 500.20 744.20 $1,348.00 $2,321.75 $3,669.75 Per diem and Mileage or regents of State University for the year ending June 30, 1905. Name. Per Diem. Mileage. Total. Johns F. Riggs $40.00 $46.00 $86.00 J. W. Lauder . . ., 48.00 61.50 109.50 Carroll Wright 96.00 86.00 182.00 V. L. Traynor 68.00 132.00 200.00 185 A. Abernathy 96.00 120.00 216.00 W. I. Babb 168.00 189.00 357.00 J. R. Lane .' 36.00 22.00 58.00 P. H. Holbrook 144.00 325.80 469.80 T. B. Hanley 44.00 19.60 63.60 W. D. Tisdale 104.00 84.60 188.60 J. H. Allen 140.00 175.60 315.60 C. E. Pickett . 16.00 8.60 24.60 $1,000.00 $1,271.20 $2,271.20 Per diem and mileage of trustees of Iowa State Normal School for year ending June 30, 1905: Name. Per Diem. Mileage. Total. I. J. McDuffie $140.00 $183.60 $323.60 W. A. Mclntire 88.00 107.80 195.80 Roger Leavitt 72.00 1.60 73.60 J. F. Riggs 40.00 43.60 83.60 E. H. Griffin 112.00 133.00 245.00 B. F. Osborne . 104.00 84.00 188.00 $556.00 $553.60 $1,109.60 A. Grundy, secretary $104.80 104.80 $1,214.40 186 3> cd a TOTAL ENROLLMENT OF STUDENTS FOR YEARS 189c-1896, TO 1904-1905, INCLUSIVE. 1111 TEACHERS SALARIES PER STUDENT FOR YEARS 1895-1896 TO 1904-1905, 1INCLU8IVE. i pi to oo oot- O CO *-H oo't^cT *O on* oo g o, W5 a ^ Total of salaries paid employees for the year 1905 ~$95 746 72 Total of salaries per student for theyear!905 j~ \QQ 47 The last estimate is based on the average attendance, for the reason, that the enrollment shows many one-term students. 3332 i as State University Total amount expended in salaries of administrative and instructional staff for year 1905 Total amount expended in salaries for other employees for the year 1905 I 7RE AND MECHANIC ARTS, j of expenditure enditures made on account of students taking the short courses ar FORMAL SCHOOL. $ 8MB6.W6 103.228.28 67,540.00 SSSI i |ss iHS SSSs i a; ill s'ss liil i a; 58 in cod looooc *li I 35 il BBS ill 3 51.U5U.OUl 47,093.33 87,950 OOl -!! i 00? 03 Total of salaries paid employees for year 1905 Total enrollment for the year 1905 , Total of salaries per student for said year COLLEGE OP AGRICULTl Total of salaries paid teachers for the year 1905 Secretary and stenographer, for President's office and certain other itemi Total of Salaries paid emplo yees other than teachers Total of salaries paid employees for the year 1905. . . Total of salaries per student for said year. . . In making the foregoing estimate, the income from the farm and exp IOWA STATE ] Total of salaries paid teachers for the year 1905 I n s m s gsg -QOO OS CD sssg i 3535 State University College of Liberal Arts. .. College of Agriculture and Mechanic Arts. . . lowaritate Normal School State University College of Liberal Arts College of Agriculture and Mechanic Arts.... Iowa State Normal School Same Average Attendance State University, College of Liberal Arts .. . College of Agriculture and Mechanic Arts.... Normal School based on average attendance 187 IN CONCLUSION. We have endeavored in the foregoing pages, to place before this legislative body a statement of both the law and the facts, showing the organization of our educational institutions, how they are governed, the methods employed in determining their educational and financial pol- icies, the agencies employed in carrying out these policies and the efficiency of such agencies. We have undertaken to set forth, briefly, a like statement touching the management of the educational institu- tions in many of our sister states. Statistical tables have been pre- pared showing salaries paid teachers and other employees in the sev- eral institutions of our state for the years 1895-1896 to 1904-1905, inclusive. Salaries of teachers per student, current expenses and other items of expenditure are shown in these tables. Opinion evidence, given hy heads of educational institutions, in this and other states, is set forth at some length under appropriate headings. Presidents North- rop, Holgate, Van Hise, Droppers, Andrews, Bryan and other prom- inent educators have given an expression of their views touching the proposed board of control and kindred questions. The student will find in the evidence submitted material upon which to base an argu- ment for or against a common board of education. Many of the findings of the committee are set out in the foregoing pages and need not be repeated here. Duplication of Work Normal School. The Normal School at Cedar Palls, was created "for the special instruction and training of teachers in the common schools." The statute authorizing its organi- zation has never been amended. Contrary to the spirit and intent of the law the Normal School now undertakes to prepare teachers for the higher grades of work in public schools and offers a four year course. Persons completing this course are entitled to the degree, "Bachelor of Arts in Education." "This diploma is the highest scholastic honor conferred by the board of trustees. It corresponds in grade of excel- lence and in extent of scholarship to a similar degree commonly granted by colleges and universities, and it has in addition a definite amount of technical instruction and training in the science and practice of teaching. It is conferred for the completion of four year's work, all of which must beyond the education and training given by a fully ac- credited high school." (June Bulletin, 49-50.) A student showing himself qualified to enter the freshman year of this course is entitled to be admitted as a freshman to any of the four year courses offered by the State University or the College of Agriculture and Mechanic Arts. Greek language and literature, Latin, German, psychology, ad- vanced physics and chemistry, analytical geometry, trigomometry, dif- ferential and integral calcus, surveying, astronomy, taxidermy, ad- vanced elocution, argumentation, repertoire, dramatic work and ora- tory are taught in this institution, organized for the express purpose of preparing teachers to teach in the common schools. Much of this work is being duplicated in each of the other educational institutions of our state and all of it is being duplicated in one or the other of said institutions. 188 A study of the statistical tables presented herewith, develops the fact that teacher's salaries have advanced from $27,300, in the year 1895- 1896 to $78,588.33 in the year 1904-1905. The salaries of employees other than teachers have advanced, during said time, from $3,665.47 to $17,158.37. The same tables show that the average attendance of students, including persons enrolled in the preparatory department, in, the first of said years was 796 and in the year 1904-1905 was 953. With an increased attendance of 157 students, there has been added to the salaries paid ten years ago the sum of $64,481.23. The total of salaries per student in the first of said years amounted to $38.90 and in the last year to $100.47. The highest enrollment and the high- est average attendance was reached in the year 1900. The average attendance that year was 1,076. Such attendance in the year of 1904- 1905 was 953. With a decreased attendance of 123 students the salaries have advanced from $51,300.17 in the year 1900 to $95,746.70 in the year 1905. The teachers in Latin, in the year 1905, received a salary in excess of that paid to the Latin teachers at the State Uni- versity. The amount paid professors and instructors in the college of liberal arts at the State University, in its various courses, in the year 1904-1905, is only $8,781.20 in excess of salaries paid to teachers at the State Normal School. From the June Bulletin of the State Normal School, we take the following: "The following statements explain the full requirements for the several diplomas given by the State Normal School : (1.) Bachelor of Arts in Education. Four years of work beyond the secondary school, covering a requirement of forty-eight term credits. (2.) Master of Didactics; Director of Music; Physical Training, Etc. a. Four years of work beyond the standard of a two year county certificate, covering a requirement of forty-eight term credits. b. Three years of work beyond the graduation of a high school, covering a period of thirty-six term credits. (3.) Bachelor of Didactics, Teacher of Physical Training, Manual Training, Music, Etc. a. Three years of work beyond the standard of a two year county certificate, covering a requirement of thirty-six term credits. b. Two years of work beyond the graduation from a high school, covering a requirement of twenty-four term credits." To the members of this committee it seems plain, that we have in the State Normal School a miniature university, where a large part of the work is a duplication of that done at Iowa City. Same State University Agricultural College. Between the State University and the College of Agriculture and Mechanic Arts there is a considerable duplication of work. Some of this duplication is nec- essary and some is unnecessary. Under the present system the tend- ency is to increase the amount of duplicated work. No good reason can be given in support of further unnecessary duplication of work at these two institutions. The governing boards and the presidents and faculties of each of our educational institutions press their respective claims upon the legislature without regard to the needs of the other institutions. A spirit of rivalry is engendered that is, in many re- spects, detrimental to the educational interests of the state. The Twenty-ninth General Assembly let down the bars and levied a special millage tax upon the taxable property of the state, for the purpose of providing for the erection, repair, improvement and equip- ment of buildings at each of the educational institutions. Power was thus given to the respective boards of the several institutions to erect such buildings, as might be determined upon by them. At the time, a law written into the Code by the Twenty-seventh General Assembly, and which has not been amended or repealed, provided, that when any one of the three educational institutions "shall ask appropriations for any buildings or betterments, said institution or institutions shall first have prepared by the architect provided for in this act estimates of the cost, plans and specifications of said buildings or betterments, and sub- mit the same to the following General Assembly." The thought of the law-makers of the Twenty-seventh General Assembly was to provide a way by which the members of each succeeding legislature might be advised as to the needs of the educational institutions so far as they related to the matter of buildings and betterments. An architect was provided for, whose duties required of him that he should furnish plans and specifications and make estimates of the cost. The order of things, in part has been reversed. The tax now is first collected and the respective boards then proceed to erect buildings employing such architect or architects as to them may seem best. The sum of $30,- 640.37 has been paid by these institutions to architects for the five years ending June 30, 1905. A detailed statement of the amounts paid, to whom paid and when paid will be found in the foregoing pages. Duplication of Work High Schools. Between the state institu- tions for higher learning and the high schools there is a considerable amount of duplication of work. Graduates of the 180 accredited high schools are admitted to the freshman year in any of the four year courses offered by any of the institutions. The College of Agriculture and Mechanic Arts offers an academic course, introductory to the var- ious regular courses, and "graduates of small high schools who have had two or three years of high school work" are admitted to review or regular work in the academic classes. In the school year 1904-5, 291 students were enrolled in thjs preparatory department. The board of regents at the State University recently made pro- vision for the admission of graduates from three year high schools, as irregular or unclassified students. Students, except those able to pass the required examinations to enter the freshman class, should not be admitted to either of the two institutions last named without first having graduated from one of the accredited schools. The people of the state should not be taxed twice to do the same kind of work. 190 The University and the College of Agriculture should not be allowed to enter into competition for students who ought to study in their high schools until they have finished their course, in view of the fact that we have practically an average of two of such accredited schools in every county of the state. Government. A study of the laws of the several states touching ' the management of educational institutions, develops the fact that boards of education are given general power to do any and everything necessary to carry out the purposes for which such institutions are organized. They administer the funds appropriated by the legislature, and in all respects are the supreme authority. In most, if not all of the states, except South Dakota, members of boards act without com- pensation, further than an allowance for actual expenses. In some states, as in this, a small per diem is allowed, and additional, mileage at the rate of three to twenty cents per mile. In South Dakota the management of the educational institutions is vested in a board of five regents, each of whom receives a salary of $1,000 a year and expenses. With the exception of South Dakota and Montana, the management of the several institutions is vested in sep- arate boards. In no one of the states is found a common board of edu- cation, the members of which are required to give their entire time and attention to the management of its educational institutions. Board of Control. The proposition to create a small and salaried board of control is a new one. To place general and unlimited power with such a body would be a dangerous experiment. From the very nature of the case its appointees would have to be selected by the people or named by some person or persons. Under either method of appointment, the salaries that must necessarily be paid to men for as- suming such responsible positions would invite place-hunters and men incompetent by reason of lack of education and experience in educa- tional work, to creditably perform the duties assigned them. The tendency would be to place on such a board, politicians rather than educators and men of first class business qualifications. The tendency would be to lose sight of the educational side of the work, in an effort to make a favorable showing on the financial side. However, the man- agement of the finances of our several institutions may be improved upon. Without going into details, an examination of the evidence sub- mitted will convince the enquirer that there is room for improvement along this line. There is also room for improvement in the educational work that is being done at the several institutions. What we desire, and what the people demand is, that every dollar appropriated for our educa- tional institutions shall be so employed as to get the very best results. Employees of the state, heads of departments or day laborers, should be required to give their time to the work that they are em- ployed to do, and no employee of any of the institutions should be called upon to perform more than he is able to do. Under the present sys- tem, too many opportunities are given to idle and fritter away time. 191 A scheme should be devised that will give to the state good and effi- cient service on the part of each and all of its employees. There should be uniformity in the methods employed to get the best results. There should be less duplication of work at the several institu- tions. One high school inspector is all that is required to gather data touching the management and efficiency of our secondary schools. Greater care should be exercised, at one or more of the institutions, in the matter of purchase of supplies and in the letting of contracts for buildings and other improvements. There should be more uniformity in the tuition and other fees charged the students at the several institutions. The problem is how to bring about harmony of action and uni- formity of methods at our educational institutions; how to prevent waste and how to get the best results, allowing only such duplication in the work as is necessary to make each a first class institution. To bring about this condition of affairs there must be a change in the management. A system should be devised, that will remove from politics, as far as possible, the administration of our educational insti- tutions and at the same time, secure to the state good and efficient business management. Board of Regents. President Holgate has well said "Whether a board of trustees should be large or small depends entirely upon how it is chosen and what its functions are." A board called upon to make rules and regulations respecting the management of educational insti- tutions, to approve or disapprove educational policies as suggested by presidents and faculties should be large enough to be thoroughly rep- resentative. Its members should be broad minded men, who are willing to serve the state without pay and who will act from a pure sense of duty, hav- ing in mind the educational interests of the state they are called upon to serve. To the presidents and faculties of the several institutions, properly belongs the duty of initiating courses of study. A board of the kind and character suggested would never think of arrogating to itself such work. It would be competent to pass judgment upon any policy proposed, and would be in a position to give to the needs of each of our institutions the consideration they should have. Such a board, required to meet four times a year, and to make a study of the needs and conditions at each of the educational institu- tions, possessed of such information as it may obtain from the several presidents and faculties, and supplemented with such informa- tion as may be furnished to it by an executive committee employed to give its entire time and energy to the cause of education and the administering of the finances of the several institutions, under such limitations and restrictions as may be placed upon it by the legisla- ture and the rules and regulations of such board, will be able to make to the taxpayer, and to the legislature, recommendations having the same 192 authority and value as those made by the present board of control of state institutions. The government of. educational institutions should be and remain in the faculties for the purposes of discipline and for purposes of educational policies. The presidents and faculties may, as a rule, be relied upon to recommend only such policies as will best subserve the cause of education. The policies should become effective, only, after approval by the board. We therefore recommend, for the favorable consideration of this Gen- eral Assembly, the creation of a board of regents for the three state edu- cational institutions. That it may be thoroughly representative, we sug- gest that it should be made up of fifteen members. The powers vested in the board should be such as are generally conferred upon like bodies. Its members should be appointed by the governor by and with the advice and consent of the senate, and should hold office for six years. The original members should be appointed for terms of two, four and six years. One of the weaknesses of the .present system is the failure, in many cases, to get value received for appropriations made. We therefore^ recommend that power be given to such proposed board of regents to appoint an executive committee from outside its membership, to per- form the duties now required by law of the treasurer of the State Uni- versity, the financial agent of the College of Agriculture and Mechanic Arts, and the executive committee of the board of regents of the State University, and such other- duties as may be required by law or by the board of regents. The members of this committee should receive a salary of not less than three thousand dollars a year and they should be required to frequently visit, and keep a duplicate set of books and accounts with,* each institution and to make a detailed report in writing of their Vork, with recommendations, at each meeting of the board of regents. The members of this committee, as in the case of the presidents and other employees of our educational institutions, should be elected sub- ject to removal at the pleasure of the board. No powers of a legisla- tive or judicial character should be given to this committee. The work required of it should in all respects be subject to the direction, examination and approval of the board of regents. W. P. WHIPPLE, DAN TURNER, THOMAS LAMBERT, R. M. WRIGHT, R. C. LANGAN, LORENZO D. TETER. 193 14 DBS MOINKS, IOWA, JAN. 31, 1906. The following letter and tables are added to report, in accordance with the request made by President Storms. COMMITTEE. January 30, 1906. MY DEAR SENATOR WHIPPLE: The exhibit sent you Sept, 12th was prepared under the following supposition, that your committee desired some general information as to the range of salaries at this institution, covering a period of the ten years past. No attempt was made to discriminate between educational work, station work or administration; neither was any attempt made to give the exact figures for partial years of service but simply the salary basis was stated in most cases at the maximum, for the full year, so as to show the amount of individual salaries paid. Some errors, moreover, appear in this exhibit as prepared by the assistant employed for that purpose. The figures published by the committee in Its report are conceded to be those furnished to it by the college. Learning since that you wished to discriminate as to the expenses of the institution for its educational work, we would respectfully ask the sub- stitution or addition of the following exhibits, showing the amounts paid the instruction force in educational departments and including a summary show- ing the cost of such instruction for each department. In these last exhibits the year 1896, etc., is considered to cover the fiscal year beginning July 1, 1895, and closing June 30, 1896. In the previous exhibit, as submitted, the year 1896 was considered to cover the period from July 1, 1896, to June 30, 1897. You will find also appended to the exhibit now submitted an ac- count of partial salaries paid from the Engineering Experiment Station fund, |rom the repairs, improvement and room rent fund, and the net cost per student for instruction work proper. In exhibit B is shown the salaries of the administrative officers, in- cluding the librarian and assistants, and in exhibit C the amount of the state and national funds paid out on account of current expenses and equipment -of the different educational departments. Exhibit D shows the general ex- penses of the College, aside from the exhibits already made. In addition you will find a statement of the salaries for stenographers, clerical help, etc, and for help in the departments in preparation of material, in making and caring for apparatus, etc. , and for labor connected with heating, lighting and jan- itor service and the care of the grounds. Appended is also a statement of the Experiment Station funds, covering a period of ten years; giving the salaries of the station staff and assistants and for the expenses of the various sections of the Experiment Station. These exhibits, as prepared by Secretary Stanton, we believe to be accurate and complete as covering all points in your inquiry and for the purposes vou have in mind. Very sincerely, A. B. STORMS. HON. W. P. WHIPPLE, Des Moines, Iowa. 194 * - i-c C* c e* .-. I 000 8 S 8S8 8 : : 8 5S S8 88 8 S 00 OC 09 Of :8 s a g i 88 8 8 I 8 - 2 S5 & 8 : -r 8 S AO oi Tf< O4 rH "s 83 O r-K. 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