.MEJCJjLr.^lM'sj '/>£am.W 
 
 yC-NRLF 
 
 ^B ^s^ aob 
 
>4. 
 
 rf^ 
 
 {> 
 
 ^ /^ 
 
^ 
 
 /i 
 
 f -. 
 
 S/ 
 
 a 
 
Digitized by the Internet Archive 
 
 in 2007 with funding from 
 
 IVIicrosoft Corporation 
 
 http://www.archive.org/details/drLllbookindictiOOnnetcrich 
 
DRILL BOOK 
 
 DICTIONARY WORK 
 
 COMPILED BY 
 
 THOMAS METCALF 
 
 AND 
 
 CHARLES DE GARMO 
 
 REVISED AND ENLARGED 
 
 CHICAGO 
 A, C. McCLURG AND COMPANY 
 
 1915 
 
Copyright, 
 
 By maxwell & CO., 
 
 A.D. 1879. 
 
 COPYBIGHT, 
 
 By a. C. MoOLURG & CO., 
 A.D. 1895 — A.D. 1897. 
 
 W, F. HALL PRINTING COMPANY, CHICAGO 
 
INTRODUCTION. 
 
 Errors in pronunciation are of frequent occurrence in 
 nearly all our schools. It is true, the Dictionary is con- 
 suited by persons who wish to pronounce correctly; yet 
 learners do not easily form the habit of frequent reference 
 to the Dictionary, and even when they seek its aid are com- 
 monly slow in interpreting its directions^ if, indeed, they 
 do not utterly fail. 
 
 Has the inquirer a clear idea of the value for which the ' 
 ** key-word ** is given ? Perhaps his ear has been trained to 
 note only the wider differences of sound ; or it may have 
 become so accustomed to erroneous utterances of whole 
 classes of words, that tongue and ear are leagued against 
 the right. From whatever causes, there is often a failure 
 to interpret at sight the authorized pronunciation. 
 
 Yet there can be no doubt that the average grammar- 
 school pupil can be made so familiar with the method for 
 indicating sounds, that, with the Dictionary in hand, he 
 can in a moment assure himself of the correct pronuncia- 
 tion of any English word. To secure such ability on the 
 part of the pupil is the aim of this handbook. 
 
 The essential steps to this end are five in number : 
 
 1st. A thorough study of the elementary sounds, and 
 their mode (or modes) of representation. 
 
 3 
 
 346543 
 
4 INTRODUCTION. 
 
 2d. Ample practice, both in reading various combinations 
 found in the Dictionary, and in representing spoken values 
 *by appropriate phonetic characters. 
 
 3d. Practice in placing accent, primary and secondary, 
 and in giving just force to the vowels in unaccented 
 syllables. 
 
 4th. The study and application of a few of the leading 
 Principles of Pronunciation; and, to give efficacy to the 
 foregoing, we add, 
 
 5th. A thorough drill on several hundreds of words, 
 most of which are frequently mispronounced. 
 
 THE CHART, 
 
 sound by sound, must first receive careful thought and 
 forcible utteran(?e. Pupils will more readily master this, 
 the "Key to the Symbols," if the sounds are first intro- 
 duced as represented each by a single character, and 
 exemplified by a single word. To aid in attaining perfect 
 accuracy in uttering the elementary sounds, careful direc- 
 tions are given touching the position of the vocal organs, 
 especially when forming those sounds that are often mis- 
 conceived. Then follows a 
 
 TABLE OF EQUIVALENTS — 
 
 a valuable acquisition to any one who is to form the habit 
 of consulting the Dictionary. 
 
 THE CHAPTER ON ACCENT 
 
 is quite full, especially in reference to placing the secondary 
 accent, and to determining the value of unaccented vowels ; 
 
INTRODUCTION, 6 
 
 since, if we except the gross error of misplacing the pri- 
 mary accent or giving a false value to the unaccented vowel, 
 nothing sooner mars pronunciation than a pedantic overdoing 
 or a vulgar suppression of an unaccented vowel. 
 
 THE PRINCIPLES OF PRONUNCIATION, 
 
 to which considerable space has been given, are expressed 
 in simple language. The Principles must first be under- 
 stood, then applied, then enforced in all subsequent utter- 
 ances. To aid in this, extended 
 
 LISTS OF WORDS OFTEN MISPRONOUNCED 
 
 are next presented. Many words which are used in illus- 
 tration of the Principles are here repeated — in this instance, 
 however, unmarked. 
 
 HOW TO USE THE LISTS. 
 
 From the very beginning, let the common error or errors 
 in pronunciation be exposed, the fitting Principle applied, 
 and, in general, the meaning of the word determined. Here, 
 if anywhere, haste makes waste. 
 
 EACH PUPIL'S CHARACTERISTIC FAULTS 
 
 should be noted — the more if they occur throughout classes 
 of words ; for, however offensive may be such utterances as 
 liorHzon, Febyuary, in'quiry, perzist, deestriclc, it is of far more 
 importance to note an error which runs all through one's 
 speech. One pupil can not utter the word move correctly : 
 it contains the sound oo. Another does not sound the r in 
 baim, horse, ivord. A third says " bot,'' for bought : broad o 
 is foreign to his tongue. Whatever the fault, it is probable 
 
6 INTRODUCTION. 
 
 that a list of words adapted to its correction has been 
 inserted, either under a Principle or under the head, " How 
 to find the Elementary Sounds " ; if not, let a list be formed. 
 Let the pupil have daily drill upon this list until the fault 
 disappears. All this care will be rewarded, for correct pro- 
 nunciation is an essential element in a good education. 
 
 A Principle having been mastered by the pupil, he has 
 
 A GUIDE TO THE PRONUNCIATION 
 
 of many words. So far as they are concerned, all uncer- 
 tainty is removed. But this very confidence will show him 
 the wisdom of consultation in all cases of doubt. In this 
 way the intelligent use of the Dictionary will become a habit. 
 Concluding the volume will be found 
 
 A MARKED LIST FOR STUDY. 
 
 Such a list has little value for recitation, but will be 
 found a great saving of time in the looking up of words. 
 Pupils should not consult this list while reciting upon the 
 test lists. 
 

 ^O 
 
 CHAPTER I. 
 
 *?, 
 
 /^ 
 
 PHONIC CHARTS, TABLES OF EQUIVALENTS, AND TESTS 
 IN PRONUNCIATION AND REPRESENTATION! 
 
 7 ■ 
 
 WEBSTER'S GUIDE TO PRONUNCIATION. 
 I. — Key to the Symbols. 
 
 i 
 
 a as in ale, fate, la'bor. 
 a as in sen'ate, del'icate, ae'rial. 
 a as in care, share, par'ent. 
 vi. a as in am, add, ran'dom. 
 a as in arm, far, la'ther. 
 a as in ask, grass, pass, dance. 
 ,^^<^^^as4^fi^ft«l, Indian t,-§-uid'ane€ . 
 ^ as in all, awe, swarm, talk.) 
 e as in eve, mete, serene'. 
 f t as in event', depend', soci'ety. 
 "^ ^ as in end, met, excuse', efface'. 
 e as in fern, her, er'piine, ev'er. 
 ^ e as in re'cent, de'cency, pru'dence. 
 i as in ice, time, sight, inspire'. 
 ^ 1 as in ide'a, tribu'nal, btol'ogy. 
 i i as in ill, pin, pity, admit'. 
 o as in old, note, over, propose'. 
 6 as in obey', tobac'co, sor'row. 
 6 as in Orb, lord, or'der, abhor'. 
 o as in odd, not, tor'rid, occur'. 
 u as in use, pure, du'ty, assume'. 
 
 \ 
 
 u as in unite', ac'tuate,educa'tion. N 
 u as in rude, ru'mor, intrude', j^ 
 u as in full, put, fulfill'. ^^-/V / 
 ii as in up, tub, stiid'y. / -' 
 u as in urn, furl, concur 'y' 
 y as in pit'y, in'jury, divin'ity. 
 oo a^n fool, food, moon, woo'ing. 
 do as in foot, wool, book, good. 
 ou as in out, thou, devour'. 
 oi as in oil, nois'y, avoid'. 
 N, representing the nasal tone (as 
 
 in French or Portuguese) of the 
 
 preceding vowel ; as in ensemble 
 
 (aNsaNb'l). 
 • (for voice-glide), as in par'don 
 
 (par'd'n), eat'en (et'n). 
 
 g (hard) : as in go, begin, anger. 
 
 s (surd, or sharp): as in so, this, 
 haste ; for c, as in cell ; for sc, 
 as i7i scene ; for ss, as in hiss. 
 
8 
 
 DRILL-BOOK 
 
 z (like sonant s): as in zone ; for s, 
 as in is, wise ; for x, as in Xeno- 
 phon. 
 
 ch ( = tsh) : as in chair, much ; 
 for tch, as in match. 
 
 sh : for ch, as i7i machine ; for ce, 
 as in ocean ; for ci, as in social ; 
 for sci, as in conscious ; for s, 
 as in sure ; for se, as in nau- 
 seous ; for si, as in pension ; for 
 ti, as in notion. 
 
 zh ( = sh made sonant) : for z, as 
 in azure ; for zi, as in glazier ; 
 for s, as in pleasure ; for si, as 
 in vision ; for g, as in rouge, 
 cortege. 
 
 j ( = dzh) : for g, as in gem ; for 
 gi and ge, as in religion, pigeon ; 
 for di, as in soldier ; for dg, as 
 in edge. 
 
 k : for ch, as in chorus ; for c, as 
 
 in cat ; for ck, as in pack ; for 
 
 qu, as in conquer ; for que, as 
 
 in pique. 
 kw : for qu, as in queen. 
 ks (surd) : for x, as in vex, exit. 
 gz (sonant) : for x, as in exist, 
 
 exact. 
 f : for ph, as in philosophy ; for 
 
 gh, as in laugh. 
 hw : for wh, as in v^^hat, w^hy. 
 t : for ed, as in baked ; for th, as 
 
 in Thomas, thyme. 
 ng : as in long ; for ngue, as in 
 
 tongue. 
 n (like ng) : for n before the sound 
 
 of k or hard g, as in bank, 
 
 linger. 
 n (the ordinary sound) : as in no. 
 th (sonant) : for th, as in then, 
 
 this, breathe. 
 th (surd): as in thin, worth. 
 
 Summary for Becitation. 
 
 p X jfLong (narrow 2) vowels eeua^aOodo 
 
 I Short (wide 2) vowels .1 — ii eS a 6 — ob 
 
 Long unaccented vowels a e i 6 u 
 
 Obscure unaccented vowels before 1 
 
 > a e 
 Z, n and . . . .• i 
 
 Cognates 1 1 Subvocals b d j g v tb z zh 
 
 I Aspirates p t ch k f th s sh 
 
 Liquids ImnrnN 
 
 1 By cognate sounds is meant those tbat are produced with the vocal organs in 
 similar position: as in 9,, S; a, a; v, f; x, s. ) 
 
 2 By narrow and wide are meant the relatively narrow and wide positions of the 
 vocal organs when uttering the so-called long and short vowels : this is observed, for 
 example, in the cognates e, 1 ; a, S ; a, a, etc. 
 
IN DICTIONARY WORK, 
 
 II. — Values and Names of Phonetic Characters. 
 
 CHARACTER. 
 
 e 
 e 
 u 
 a 
 
 a 
 
 a 
 a - 6 
 
 o 
 t» o oo 
 
 Long Vowels (Accented). 
 
 VALUE. NAME. 
 
 as in . . . eve long e 
 
 earth tilde e 
 
 urn caret u 
 
 ale long a 
 
 air long flat a 
 
 arc long Italian a 
 
 or broad o 
 
 own long o 
 
 ooze .... . long double o 
 
 Long Vowels (Unaccented). 
 
 a as in .... . ae'rial, chaot'ic, sal'utary 
 
 e " epit'ome, create', society 
 
 i *' tde'a, biol'ogy, trtbu'nal 
 
 6 ** obey', tobac'co, eu'logy 
 
 ti '* tinite', em'ulate, na'ture 
 
 6 
 
 a 
 
 a^ 
 
 5 
 
 do 
 
 Short Vowels. 
 
 . . . in short i 
 
 ... up '' u 
 
 ... ell " e 
 
 . . . an "a 
 
 . . . ask {all brief) . short Italian a 
 
 . . . odd short o 
 
 . . . book short double o 
 
 CHARACTER. 
 
 i 
 
 oi 
 ou 
 u 
 
 Diphthongs. 
 
 l^ALUE. NAME OF ELEMENT. 
 
 ice long I 
 
 oil diphthong oi 
 
 out '* ou 
 
 mute long u 
 
10 
 
 DRILL-BOOK 
 
 
 
 
 Consonants - 
 
 — SONAI 
 
 b . , . asin , . . 
 
 but 
 
 d 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 did 
 
 J 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 jiig 
 
 s: 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 gav . 
 
 V 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 vine 
 
 tb 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 this 
 
 z 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 zone 
 
 zh 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 azure 
 
 Sonant, or Subvocal. 
 
 same as that of character 
 
 . . . . . . sonant th 
 
 same as that of character 
 
 Consonants — Surd,i or Aspirate. 
 
 p . . 
 
 . as in . 
 
 . . pay . . 
 
 . same as that of character 
 
 t . . 
 
 u 
 
 . . tin . . 
 
 U (( u 
 
 ch . . 
 
 u 
 
 . . church . , 
 
 (( (( (( 
 
 k . . 
 
 u 
 
 . . kin . . 
 
 (( (( u 
 
 f . . 
 
 u 
 
 . . fine . '. 
 
 u (; tt 
 
 th . . 
 
 
 . . thin . . 
 
 non-sonant th 
 
 s 
 
 . . say . . 
 
 . same as that of character 
 
 sh 
 
 u 
 
 . , shine 
 Liquids. 
 
 U (( (( 
 
 1 
 
 , . as in . 
 
 . . low 
 
 . same as that of character 
 
 m 
 
 " 
 
 . . may 
 
 U (( (( 
 
 n 
 
 u 
 
 . . no 
 
 u u u 
 
 r 
 
 u 
 
 . . ray 
 
 (( U (( 
 
 n 
 
 u 
 
 . . sing 
 
 underlined n 
 
 N 
 
 It ^ 
 
 . . entree . 
 
 nasal n 
 
 y 
 
 w 
 h 
 wh 
 
 Other Consonants. 
 
 . . yes . . . same as that of character 
 . . way ... " " " 
 
 . . he, hi, ho . " *' " 
 
 . . while . . " *' « 
 
 1 See § 169, Webster's Guide to Pronunciation. 
 
 \ *• 
 
12^ DICTIONARY WORK. 
 
 11 
 
 III. —Table of Equivalents.! 
 
 CHAR. EQUIV. 
 
 e = ee = i 
 e = i =y 
 a = e 
 a = e 
 
 = a (broad a) 
 oo = o = u 
 
 CHAR. EQUIV. 
 
 j = g (soft) 
 g = g (hard) 
 z = § 
 
 CHAR. EQUIV. 
 
 CHAR. EQUIV. 
 
 i = y 
 
 i = y 
 
 = 6 
 
 ol = oy 
 
 
 ou = ow 
 
 
 u = ew 
 
 6 = a 
 
 
 ob = o = u 
 
 
 CHAR. EQUIV. 
 
 CHAR. EQUIV. 
 
 k = « = eh 
 
 n = ng 
 
 f=ph 
 
 X = ks 
 
 8 = c (cedilla c) 
 
 5=gz 
 
 sh = ch 
 
 
 1 Some of these equivalents are used by Webster only in the Unabridged and older 
 Dictionaries. They are explained on p. Iv in the International. 
 
12 DRILL-BOOK 
 
 HOW TO FIND THE ELEMENTARY SOUNDS.^ 
 
 I. 
 
 Of the characters presented in the chart, all but three 
 (do, % and zh) are initial in the words chosen for illustra- 
 tion [see pp. 7-9]. In general, to arrive at the value of 
 any character, pronounce the illustrative word, being mind- 
 ful to prolong the initial element ; after doing this several 
 times, drop all sounds but the first. This will be the value 
 sought. Pronounce eve , prolonging the^. Now begin again, 
 but stop before sounding v. Long e is thus produced. Pro- 
 nounce ray, prolonging r. Drop the sound of a, and the 
 value of r is left. 
 
 In the same way find the initial values of the following 
 words : eve, e ; earth, e ; urn, u ; ail, a ; air, a ; arc, a ; or, 6 ; 
 own, o ; ire, i ; oil, oi ; out, ou ; vine, v ; zone, z ; fine, f ',4ow, 1 ; 
 may, m ; no, n ; ray, r ; yes, y ; way, w ; shine, sh ; say, s. 
 
 II. 
 
 Each of the short vowels, except oo, can be sounded by 
 giving explosively the initial element of the illustrative 
 word. Find the initial value in each of the following 
 words : in, i ; up, ti j ell, 6 ; an, ^ ; ask, a ; odd, 6. To 
 arrive at the sound of oo, pronounce book. Pronounce 
 again, omitting the b. Short double o is now initial, and 
 its value may easily be obtained. Eepeat, sounding these 
 vowels with great force. 
 
 1 Consult the cuts on p. Iviii of Webster's International Dictionary. These 
 show the positions of the vocal organs when vowel sounds are produced. 
 
IJ^ DICTIONARY WORK. 13 
 
 III. 
 
 The four subvocals 6, d, j, g should be sounded with full 
 effusive utterance. Their cognates, p, t, ch, and /c, are ex- 
 plosive, and, like the explosive vowels, should be given with 
 much force. These values may be derived from the illustra- 
 tive words, or, perhaps better, thus : Pronounce with great 
 vigor 6b, ed, 6j, 6g, ep, 6t, 6ch, 6k; then pronounce these 
 syllables, and after each give the sound of the final conso- 
 nant: 6b, b; 6d, d; 6j, j ; 6g, g; 6p, p; 6t, t; 6ch, ch ; 6k, k. 
 Practice on these sounds until you give them forcibly. 
 
 IV. 
 
 In learning the exact phonetic value of a few of the 
 characters, some special difficulties arise, of which the fol- 
 lowing paragraphs will treat. 
 
 1. To arrive at the sound of e, first give e ; then, with 
 the organs in position for this spund, drop the middle of 
 the tongue slightly and give the first sound heard in earth. 
 Many persons place the tip of the tongue against the lower 
 front teeth in sounding e. It may with advantage be held 
 there in giving e. 
 
 Since the sound of e is always followed by that of r, the 
 teacher may, if he choose, allow these two elements to be 
 given with one impulse of the voice. In case this is done, 
 the teacher must be sure that the tongue is raised after the 
 vowel, for only in this way can the sound of r be made. 
 
 The sound of u is most easily obtained by prolonging that 
 of its cognate u. It will be observed that the sound is pro- 
 duced well back in the mouth, whereas that of e is made at 
 the front, as described above. For more specific information 
 
14 DRILL-BOOK 
 
 concerning these two sounds, § 87 and § 139 of the Guide 
 to Pronunciation in Webster's International Dictionary 
 should be consulted. 
 
 2. To sound oo correctly, draw in the cheeks, project the 
 lips, and pronounce this sound as heard in ooze, too, do. 
 This value can not be given without projecting the lips. 
 
 3. The vowels a, 6, and do are perhaps the most difficult 
 ones to master. The first two, though entirely distinct, are 
 often confounded. To sound a, give explosively the syllable 
 ah. Observe very closely the position of the organs, which 
 is somewhat wider than that used in pronouncing the full 
 syllable ah. To give 5, drop the chin lower than for sound- 
 ing a, and throw the sound upward to the back part of the 
 roof of the mouth. Notice that in sounding 5 the opening 
 in the back part of the mouth is greater vertically than in 
 sounding a. 
 
 Many persons, especially those with full cheeks, find it 
 difficult to sound do correctly. The cheeks should be drawn 
 in, and the lips protruded. To give the true value to this 
 character without projecting the lips is impossible. 
 
 4. In giving ou, be careful not to fall into the somewhat 
 common error of sounding it as ao ; and, on the other hand, 
 be equally careful to avoid eo. According to Webster, the 
 value of this character is a_oo, pronounced with one impulse 
 of the voice. 
 
 5. Long u = 100. Sound i ; then oo. Kepeat the two utter- 
 ances, making the interval between them shorter. Continue 
 thus, until, at one impulse of the voice, the two sounds 
 blend. Or, pronounce lute. Pronounce again, omitting the t. 
 KoV pronounce lu, taking special notice of the sounds of u. 
 Sound again and omit the Z, and you will have the exact 
 value of long u as found in such words as lutej lucid, jury, 
 
IN DICTIONARY WORK. 16 
 
 suit, etc. In certain other words, such as use, pure, mute, 
 the diphthong is impure, involving the insertion of the 
 semivowel y between the initial and the closing vowel 
 elements (§ 19, a and b. International). For this reason 
 long u initial in a word (or in a syllable, unless immediately 
 preceded by r or sh) appears to be introduced by the sound 
 of y. Thus, unit = yoo nit ; iyiure = in yoor. 
 
 6. The consonant values of w and y are never terminal 
 in a syllable, but are followed in the same syllable by a 
 vowel. In attempting, for phonic practice, to sound either 
 of these consonants apart from its vowel, make it continu- 
 ous, not abrupt. 
 
 7. H cannot be separated from its accompanying vowel. 
 Pronounce ha, he, hi, ho, hu, hy. Notice that the office of h 
 is to cover the following vowel with breath. It will be seen, 
 on careful examination, that any attempt to sound h alone 
 will result in whispering a vowel with it. 
 
 Wli has for its initial sound simply unvocalized breath, 
 poured through the lips placed in position for w. As a 
 whole' the digraph is sounded as it would naturally be if 
 the order of the letters were reversed, thus, hio ; as, when, 
 while, luhip, pronounced hiven, hwile, hicij}. 
 
 8. Lisping children and Germans need to be carefully 
 taught respecting the sounds of s and th. 
 
 The sound of s is formed by forcing unvocal breath 
 between the tip of the tongue and the upper gum. 
 
 Th is produced by placing the tip of the tongue between 
 the teeth or against the upper front teeth, and forcing vocal 
 or unvocal breath between the tongue and the teeth. If 
 vocal breath is used, sonant th is heard, as in this; if unvocal 
 breath, then non-sonant th is produced, as in thin — this last 
 is the sound made for s by those who lisp (lithp). 
 
16 DRILL-BOOK 
 
 9. It is the habit of many persons, nearly or entirely to 
 supx^ress the sound of r when not immediately followed by 
 a vowel in the same word. This is wrong. Let r have its 
 full sound wherever it occurs. 
 
 10. Even after the pupils have become tolerably familiar 
 with the sounds represented by the letters, and can utter 
 them quite well individually, there is likely to be much con- 
 fusion over the pronunciation of words containing the sounds 
 of a and a, 6 and o, o and o, a and o. To overcome these 
 difficulties, pupils may pronounce the following lists as 
 directed : 
 
 (1) A and a. — Make a decided difference between the 
 sounds of a in day, dare ; fay, fair ; flay-er, flare ; hay, hair ; 
 layer, lair; may, mare; bay, bear; nay, ne'er; pay, pair; 
 ray, r§,re; stay-er, stare; pray-er, prayer; weigh-er, wear; 
 sway-er, swear ; they, their ; whey, where. 
 
 (2) and 6. — The following list is designed to correct 
 the common error of changing o to 6, or some kindred 
 sound. Pronounce in pairs, giving to o or a in the second 
 the sound of awe : Bot, bought ; cost, cause ; cod, cawed ; 
 cot, caught; dog, daub; dot, daughter; fond, fawned; 
 fox, fought ; got, gall ; God, gaudy ; hot, haughty ; knotty, 
 naughty; lost, laws; mock, mawkish; nod, gnawed; not, 
 naught and ought; pond, pawned; r5t, wrought; sot, 
 sought; sod, sawed; tot, taught and thdught. 
 
 (3) and o. — Show the difference between 6 and o in 
 the following words: For, four and fore; or, ore; war, 
 wore ; born, bourn ; cord, cored ; lord, low-ered ; morn, 
 mourn ; warn, worn ; corse, course. 
 
 (4) An error much harder to correct is that of substi- 
 tuting the brief sound of ah (a) for short o. There are a 
 few words in which 6, followed by ss, st, or tli, verges 
 
IN DICTIONARY WORK. 17 
 
 toward broad o, as in loss, cost, broth ; but there is no word 
 in which short o verges toward short Italian a. To say 
 dag for dog, Gad for God, lang for long, is wrong. Let 
 the learner pronounce the following list, giving the same 
 sound to o or a in all the words, and frequently testing, to 
 be sure that he gives to none the sound of brief ah : Bob, 
 botch, bother, bots, box, coral, con, compound, cobweb, 
 corrupt, coxcomb, dock, doctrine, dog, dollar, domino, fog, 
 doxology, forage, foreign, forest, fossil, fox, gobble, God, 
 goddess, gods, gondola, gospel, gossip, hobby, hock, hod, 
 hog, hominy, honor, hop, horizontal, horrid, horror, hostile, 
 hot, hovel, job, jog, j5t, lobster, lobby, lock, locket, lodge, 
 log, lombard, lop, lot, lottery, lozenge, mobilize, model, 
 modern, modest, modify, monster, moral, morrow, n5d, non, 
 nonplus, nonsense, nostril, not, novel, object, occupy, odd, 
 on, pollen, pod, pot, quarry, quash, rob, rock, rod, rot, s6b, 
 sock, sod, soggy, sop, sorry, sot, squad, squash, swan, top, 
 torrid, wad, wan, wand, warrant, was, wash, wasp, watch, 
 what. 
 
 For drill, the elements should be given with much more 
 force than when they are used in continuous reading or 
 speaking, because much of indistinct, feeble utterance is 
 due, on the one hand, to weak or half-formed consonants ; 
 and, on the other, to abridged or meager vowels. The 
 sonant consonants must be full, sounding; the siird or 
 aspirate consonants, sharp, well defined. Thus, the hearer 
 should be in no doubt as to whether the speaker is saying 
 bad or bat, cab or cap, ridge or 7'ich, sag or sack, leave or leaf, 
 with OT withe, trice or tries. 
 
 The long vowels should not be unduly shortened, nor should 
 
18 DRILL-BOOK 
 
 the short vowels be drawled. Children, invalids, and indo- 
 lent persons are likely to introduce the sound of e after the 
 short vowels — thus, p^en for pS-n, p6en for p6n, pien for 
 pm, poed for pod. Careful drill alone can correct this 
 error. 
 
 EXEECISES IN PEONOUNCING AND EEPEE- 
 SENTING. 
 
 1. Until a pupil is trained to recognize the value of 
 phonetic combinations, he is often unable to interpret the 
 Dictionary. As a test of his readiness, let him pronounce 
 the following syllables, all of which are taken from Web- 
 ster : al, al, al, al, gog, cho, an, an, gl, gy, pik, pik, ther, 
 asp, fae, as, a§, fiz, Qad, cad, tik, or, or, jjer, p6r, anx, anx. 
 In, in, ine, pish, they, ar, ar, ar, war, ga, shur, sur, tot, tet, 
 bor, bor, bor, bose, dwor, bo'enif, sgf'alus, bra'ehi, bra, bre, 
 cho, cho§, choos, cog, aft, gast, mass, mock, la, lis, lis, u, 
 pass, wach, com, com, eon, koo, to, coo, rant, krancht, daph'ne, 
 dal san'yo, d6m 6 nl', di shev', dl v6,', 6nou', ta, ta'zhi a, ha, wi, 
 yan, ha ha, aha', phy, pid, gee, ghee, tord, kad, sm6e, 
 spring, spung. 
 
 2. The practice of representing words phonetically is 
 useful, in that it enables the pupil more readily to recog- 
 nize forms and their values. 
 
 There are two principal methods of representing words. 
 In the first, diacritical marks, such as ", "', ^, are employed 
 upon the letters of the word, and the word is not rewritten ; 
 in the second, the word is rewritten in chart characters. In - 
 the older dictionaries Webster uses both methods ; in the 
 International all words are rewritten. 
 
 Let the pupil study the two methods in the following 
 words ; 
 
IN DICTIONARY WORK. 19 
 
 1st method. 2d method. 
 
 1. advgrtig^' 1. coquetry (kokgt'ri) ^ 
 
 ' 2. eas'/iimer^ 2. dictionary (dik'shunar'i) \>J^'^ '^'"' 
 
 3. chog^n 3. decision (de sizh'tin) -^^^ 
 
 4. Qiv'il 4. conscientious (kon'shi gn'sMs) 
 
 5. ea/m 5. delusion (delti'zliun) 
 
 6. cam ' 6. national (nasli'unal) 
 
 7. broach 7. aytxilTary (agzil'yary) 
 
 8. b6m)i 8. exaggerate (ggzaj'erat) 
 
 9. Ap^ala'chian 9. question (kwSs'chun) 
 10. app^r'gl 10. azure (azh'ur) 
 
 Note 1. — In the first set,* it will be noticed that the silent letters 
 are crossed out ; it should also be observed that unaccented vowels ' 
 are marked. 
 
 Note 2. — Observe, that, in the pronunciation of such words as 
 array ^ allots connect^ dissent^ the sound of the double consonant is 
 dwelt upon, or prolonged. In such words as arrow, passive, attic, 
 alley, it is not dwelt upon. 
 
 When a double consonant occurs and its parts belong to different \ 
 syllables, cross out the second consonant if the accent falls upon the / 
 first syllable ; otherwise let both stand. Thus : t^^' 
 
 al^/y, ally', ar'/'o^ff, ar ri^'. 
 
 In the older dictionaries the above methods are often 
 combined. Thus: avarl'cioiis (rlshtis), Bgd'ouin (b6d'o en), 
 become' (kum), bgnefi'cial (fish al). 
 
 For practice in representation, let the teacher select 
 words from the lists, and require the pupil to use the first 
 method whenever it is adequate. 
 
20 DRILL-BOOK 
 
 CHAPTER II. 
 
 ACCENT — HINTS ON INDISTINCT VOWELS. 
 
 ACCENT. 
 
 One syllable of every polysyllabic word receives, in pro 
 nouncing, more force than another j, This stronger force is 
 called Accent, and the syllable which receives this force 
 is said to be accented. 
 
 Let the pupil pronounce each of the following familiar 
 
 words, and state whether the first or the second syllable 
 
 receives the greater force : marble, harness, attack, hemlock, 
 
 success, circle, immense, canker, eclipse, approve, pleasant, 
 
 dungeon, disgust. 
 
 %j?^ Pronounce the following with the accent on the first 
 
 ^ J syllable ; each of the words when so accented is a name- 
 
 i C vs word, or noun : instinct, August, compouyid, compress, concert, 
 
 ^^}^ conduct, conflict, contest, contract, contrast, convert, convict, 
 
 y->L escort, export, extract, forecast, incense, accent, insult, object, 
 
 ^ <^ prefix, protest, retail, survey, ferment, converse, torment, 
 
 transfer, transport, undress. 
 
 Pronounce the foregoing list, placing the accent on the 
 second syllable. All but the first two words have now 
 become verbs. Very many words, however, may be used 
 either as nouns or verbs, without change of accent. Thus : 
 a gallop, and to gallop ; Si polish, and to polish; also, prattle, 
 offer, slander, abode, ally, address, etc. 
 
IN DICTIONARY WORK. 21 
 
 Which syllable of the following words is accented? 
 Atlantic^ discover, expensive, enjoyment, introduce, engineer, 
 recollect, honesty, accident, providence. 
 
 Listen while you pronounce the word lemonade. Which 
 syllable is accented? Omit that syllable, and pronounce 
 the other two with the same force as before. Which of 
 these two syllables is the stronger ? This word, then, has 
 two accents ; the stronger is called primary, the other, 
 secondary, 
 
 Marks of Accent. 
 
 The primary accent is marked with a firm oblique, 
 stroke, thus: oh[ject, object^, discov^er. The secondary 
 accent is marked by a similar but lighter stroke, or some- 
 times by two light strokes, thus: lem'onade^ (or lem^^on- 
 ade^). 
 
 In order to obtain a perfect control of accent, the mind 
 should be free, for a time, from all other thoughts. Some- 
 times, even with the accent distinctly marked before him, 
 a pupil's mind is so occupied with determining the strange- 
 looking syllables of the new word, or is so prepossessed 
 by a false pronunciation, that he fails to place the accent 
 properly. Let the pupil practice on the following combina- 
 tions of easy syllables, until, at the call of the teacher, he 
 can give any one of them without hesitation : 
 
 V2 (one' two) 
 
 1'2 3'4 
 
 1^2 3 4' 
 
 1 2' (one two') 
 
 V2 3'4 
 
 12'3 4 5 
 
 1'2 3 (one' two three) 
 
 1'2 3 4 
 
 1'2 3 4'5 
 
 12'3 
 
 12 34' 
 
 1'2 3'4 5 
 
 1'2 3' 
 
 12'3 4 
 
 12'3 4?5 6'7 8 
 
22 DRILL-BOOK 
 
 When the foregoing exercise has been mastered, let the 
 pupil pronounce the following, line by line : 
 
 1'2 — in'stinct, con'strue, prod'uce, lev'ee. 
 1 2^ — instinct', ally', mamma', dessert'. 
 
 -I ^r» o (a'rea, con'trary, gon'dola, ex'quisite, pri'mary, 
 
 ( straw 'berry, rasp^berry, in'dustry. 
 1 2 '3 — coquet 'ry, inquir'y, lyce'um, Balmor'al. 
 1'2 3' — et'iquette', co'terie', ad'vertise', av'alanche'. 
 1 r2 '3 — pass 'o'ver, high 'way 'man. 
 1'2 3'4 — ad'vertis'ing, su'perstruct'ure, mau'sole'um. 
 1 '2 3 '4 — leg 'is! a 'tur e, veg 'eta 'tive, des 'ulto 'ry. 
 1'2 3 4 — dis'putable, a'eriform, pri'marily. 
 1 2 '3 4 — accli 'mated, artificer, pyram'idal. 
 1'2 3 4' — an'tepenult', rec'itative', rod'omontade'. 
 1 2 '3 4 5 — incom 'parable, censo'riousness. 
 1 '2 3 4 '5 — char 'acterist 'ic, ad 'amante 'an. 
 1 '2 3 '4 5 — par 'liament 'ary , ex 'tratrop 'ical. 
 1 2 '3 4 '5 — obit'ua'ry, confed'era'ted. 
 1'2 3 4 '5 6 — in'tercuta'neous, ex'traprofes'sional. 
 1 2'3 4'5 6'7 8 — incom'prehen'sibil'ity. 
 
 UNACCENTED VOWELS. 
 
 Every vowel, when under either the primary or the 
 secondary accent, is distinct ; that is, the exact sound of 
 the vowel is evident, as short a, long i, broad o, etc. In an 
 unaccented syllable, the vowel sound is sometimes doubt- 
 ful ; in most instances, however, it is not. For instance, a 
 correct speaker says: atten'tive, an'gcdote, comprehend', 
 allega'tion, chap '61, prgs'ent, Eminent, prai'rie, au'dignce, 
 cal'lous. 
 
IJSr DICTIONARY WORK. 23 
 
 It must be borne in mind that the subdued utterance 
 of a vowel is a very different thing from its entire suppres- 
 sion. Say mountain (6n), not mounfn; present (ent), 7iot 
 presnH. In the International and other recent dictionaries 
 Webster rewrites all words in chart characters to show 
 their pronunciation; in his older editions he leaves most 
 unaccented vowels unmarked^ to show that they are light. 
 
 Usually, when not silent, a vowel letter, followed, in an 
 unaccented syllable, by any consonant except r, has its 
 natural short sound ; ^ a and o, however, in such positions 
 verge somewhat toward short u. Examples: civ'il, reb'6l, 
 cher'ub, ber'yl, colic, mat'ln, silence, intent'; di'al, bedlam, 
 Ger'man, pleas'ant, fel'on, hav'oc, car'ol, fag'ot, gal'lop, 
 at'om, bal'lot. In the International, o in such positions is 
 rewritten as short u, as in hisJiop (bish'ilp), while a is itali- 
 cized to show its obscure quality, as in pleasant (plgz'ant).^ 
 
 The vowels in the unaccented terminal syllables ar, er, 
 ir, or, ur, yr, are alike in sound, and may be fairly repre- 
 sented by tilde e or short u.^ 
 
 A in the unaccented (or but slightly accented) termina- 
 tions ace and age has nearly the sound of short e as in men- 
 ace, mucilage, and is marked a; thus, menace (mgn'as), 
 mucilage (mu'si laj).'^ Usually, a has the same sound in 
 terminal ate, as in frigate (at), pirate (rat), moderate (at); 
 but in verbs the ate is pronounced at ; also in the adjective 
 prolate, and in a few nouns, as candidate, magistrate, check- 
 mate, playmate, casemate. 
 
 ^ See, however, Principle V, p. 25. 
 
 * See Guide to Pronunciation^ §§ 68, 69. 
 
 »/6ic«.,§88. *Ibid.,%4S. 
 
 \ 
 
 ^ 
 
 
24 DRILL-BOOK 
 
 CHAPTER III. 
 
 \ 
 
 PEINCIPLES OF PRONUKCIATIOK 
 
 Note to the Teacher. — It is earnestly recommended that the 
 pupil memorize every list that is marked thus (*). 
 
 Principle I. 
 
 The letter u should not be sounded as ob, except 
 when immediately preceded by the sound of r, (§ 136. i) 
 
 Exceptions: sure and its derivatives, also sifmo^, tulle, 
 hurrah, pugh. 
 
 Pronounce rule, fruit, garrulous, ruin, sure, tune, mule, 
 institute, constitution, suture, duty, lucid. 
 
 Note 1. — i^^constituting or__^ending a syllable should not be 
 changed _t o_3J]ov^ '" Say accurate, not ac u rate ; particyular, not 
 partic u lar. 
 
 Note 2. — Excepting in the word sure and its derivations, u follow- 
 ing the sound of sh or zh, and having the value of oo, occurs only in 
 unaccented syllables, and is, therefore, somewhat indistinct ; as in 
 fissure., almost fish dor ; mensuration^ almost shoo ; luxury^ lukshoo ry ; 
 azure ^ azh dor ; yneasure, mezh dor. 
 
 Principle II. 
 A constituting- or ending an unaccented syllable is 
 short Italian a, JJ_<5pO ~ 
 
 » The references are to sections in the Gvdde to Pronunciation, in Webster's Inter- 
 national Dictionary. 
 
IN DICTIONARY WORK. 25 
 
 Examples: canine', lapel', again', alas', fatal'ity, al'kalip 
 or'nament, pal'atable. 
 
 Note 1. — A at the end of an unaccented syllable is long,, however, 
 when immediately followed by a vowel ; as in ae'rial, ch^ot'ic, aor'ta, 
 sab'aoth. 
 
 Note 2. — A in the termination ary, verges toward th6 sound of 
 short e, and in respelling is marked a, as in dictionary (a) culinary, 
 sublunary, salutary, secretary, sedentary, statuary, February ^ January, 
 seminary, solitary, visionary, honorary, hereditary, estuary, dignitary. 
 A has the same sound in miscellany. 
 
 Notice that when the a of terminal ary or any is immedi- 
 ately preceded by an accented syllable, it has the sound of 
 short Italian a, as stated in Principle II. ; thus, pri'mary, 
 epiph'any. 
 
 Principle III. 
 
 J^ or o constituting or ending' a syllable^is_ long, 
 
 (§ 78 and 112.) " ~" ~'~ 
 
 Examples : event, memento, locomotion, society, noto- 
 riety, sobriety, superior, inferior, theories, coterie, loco-foco.' 
 
 Note (§ 112). — The element 5 ends with a "vanish," which is aJ^in 
 to 6o. This closing sound should be omitted when o ends an unac- 
 cented syllable. E at the end of an unaccented syllable has its true 
 long sound, but is somewhat abbreviated. To give to these letters in 
 unaccented syllables their full long sounds, as heard in accented sylla- 
 bles, creates a disagreeable drawl in the pronunciation. Test this in 
 the words locomotion, society. 
 
 To indicate tlie omission of this vanish from o and the shortening of 
 e when at the close of unaccented syllables, Webster's International 
 Dictionary uses the following symbols : 6, e ; thus, 16 c6 mo'tion, 
 so ci'e ty. 
 
 ( 
 
26 DRILL-BOOK 
 
 Principle IV. 
 
 I constituting" or ending* an unaccented syllable 
 n!^ not initial, is always short, and is usually short even 
 in initial syllables, if unaccented. (§104.) 
 
 Examples: divide, direct, finance, philosophy, imitate, 
 piazza, tirade, intimate, indivisible, nobility. 
 
 In the initial syllables i, bi, chi, cli, cri, pri, tri, however, 
 i is generally long. 
 
 Examples : idea, idle, isothermal, biology, Chinese, chirur- 
 gery, climatic, criterion, primeval, triangular, tripod. 
 
 Note 1. — When i is long but unaccented it is marked thus { ; as in 
 bi ol'o gy. 
 
 Note 2. — In Principle IV., no reference is had to proper names, 
 such as Levii Eli ; nor to Latin words, such as alibi, literati. 
 
 Principle V. 
 
 (1) E before terminal n should always be silent in 
 participles, and also in most other words. (§ 95.) 
 
 lExamples : given (giv'n), taken (taWn), bitten (bit'n), broken, 
 spoken, riven, fallen, stolen, swollen, frozen, hidden, laden, 
 ridden, shaken, written, arisen, beaten, bidden, chidden, eaten, 
 forsaken, gotten, risen, smitten, stridden, stricken, trodden, 
 graven, proven, riven, slidden, striven, woven (participles) ; 
 also heaven, seven, eleven, often, even, sadden, widen, madden, 
 lengthen, oaken, wooden, brazen, leaden, burden, craven, golden, 
 garden, gladden, happen, harden, haven, open, ripen, token, 
 waken, warden, chasten, awaken. 
 
m DICTIONARY WORK. 27 
 
 (2) But in the following' words e must be sounded: 
 
 *Aspen, chicken, gluten, hyphen, kitchen, lichen, linden, 
 marten, mitten, patten, rowen, sudden, yewen. 
 
 (3) It must also be sounded in any word (not a 
 participle) in which terminal en is immediately pre- 1/ 
 ceded by Ij in, n, or r.^ ^ 
 
 Examples: women, lingn, omen, barrgn, Hel6n, Align, 
 Ellgn, woolen, poll6n. 
 
 Principle VI. 
 
 (1) E before terminal I should usually be sounded. 
 
 (§ 02.) -^ 
 
 Examples: lev6l, bev6l, nov6l, nickel, canc6l, vessel, 
 cliapgl, gravgl, hov6l, camel, channel, kernel, Ab6l, Mabel, 
 panel, model, funnel, flannel. 
 
 (2) But in the following words the e before termi- 
 nal I must not be sounded: 
 
 *Betel (peHl), chattel (chaftl), drivel, easel, grovel, hazel, 
 mangel-wurzel, mantel, mussel, navel, ravel, shekel, shovel, 
 shrivel, snivel, swivel, teasel, weasel, and their derivatives. ^ 
 
 Principle YII. 
 In all but the following words, i before terminal 
 ^ or n must be sounded : "^ devil, evil, weevil, basin, 
 cousin^ raisin. 
 
 Pronounce Latin, satin, matin, spavin, anvil, civil, cavil, 
 council, peril, javelin, lentil, pistil, resin, fusil, coffin, codicil, 
 axil. 
 
28 DRILL-BOOK 
 
 Note (§ 42). — The termination ain^ when accented, is an; when 
 unaccented, it is usually en. Thus, remain' = reman' ; cap'tain = 
 cap'ten ; mountain = mounten. 
 
 Principle YIII. 
 
 The eig-lit words, ""hath, cloth, lath, moth, inouth, 
 oath, path, wreath, and these only, require sonant 
 ths in the plural. (§264.) 
 
 Pronounce moths, pa^/is, truths, oaths, heaths, cloths, baths, 
 laths, deaths, ivreaths, mouths. Sabbaths, sheaths, piths, plinths^ 
 lengths, widths, depths, breadths, earths, myths, Goths, fourths, 
 breaths. 
 
 Principle IX. 
 
 O in a final unaccented syllable ending* in a con- 
 sonant, frequently verges toward the sound of short 
 u; as in custom, felon, bigot, bishop, method, carol, 
 Bfntofi. But it has its regular short sound in penta- 
 gon, hexagon, octagon, etc. (§ 39.) 
 
 When, however, the termination on is immedi- 
 ately preceded by c, cJc, s, or t, the o is commonly 
 suppressed. (§§ 39, 95.) 
 
 Examples : bacon (bak'n), beacon, beckon, benison, button, 
 cotton, crimson, damson, deacon, garrison, glutton, lesson, 
 mason, mutton, parson, person, poison, prison, reason, reckon, 
 season, treason, venison. It is also silent in ''^blazon, pardon, 
 iveapon. 
 
 Principle X. 
 Too much stress upon unaccented syllables should 
 be avoided. (§ 41.) 
 
IN DICTIONARY WORK. 29 
 
 Note. — This direction is an important one, since it is quite common 
 in this country to give undue force to unaccented syllables. The error 
 is most likely to be made on initial syllables, and on the penult of 
 words in which the accent properly comes on the fourth syllable from 
 the end. 
 
 Examples: lo'ca'tion for location; saVva'tion for salva'- 
 tion; gi'gaii'tiG for gigan'tic; stu'peyi'dous for stupen'dous; 
 ter'rito'ry for ter'ritory; mat'fimo'ny for mat'7imony ; prepar'a- 
 to'ry for prepar^atory. 
 
 The pupil should be taught to omit the " vanish " from o 
 in unaccented penultimate syllables. The English go to the 
 extreme of pronouncing it as short u; thus, matrimuny, 
 territury. This is not recommended. 
 
 Kemark. — According to Webster, dis is pronounced diz 
 in the following words : disaster, discern, disease, dismal, dis- 
 solve, and their derivatives. It may be pronounced either 
 dis or diz in the following : disarm, disdain, dishonest, dis- 
 honor, and disown. (§ 258.) 
 
 List of Words containing Short Italian A. 
 
 The following words, nearly all of which are in common 
 use, are marked by both Webster and Worcester with the 
 short Italian sound of a. In practicing the list, the pupil 
 should avoid giving so full a vowel as in the word arm, and 
 should with still greater care shun the sound of a heard in 
 dm. 
 
 abaft 
 
 aft 
 
 alas 
 
 ask 
 
 bask 
 
 advance 
 
 after 
 
 amass 
 
 asp 
 
 basket 
 
 advantage 
 
 aghast 
 
 ant 
 
 ass 
 
 blanch 
 
30 
 
 
 DRILL-BOOK 
 
 
 
 blast 
 
 contrast 
 
 glass 
 
 master 
 
 raft 
 
 bombast 
 
 craft 
 
 graft 
 
 mastiff 
 
 rafter 
 
 branch 
 
 dance 
 
 grant 
 
 mischance 
 
 rasp 
 
 brass 
 
 draft 
 
 grasp 
 
 nasty 
 
 repast 
 
 cask 
 
 draught 
 
 grass 
 
 pant 
 
 shaft 
 
 casket 
 
 enchant 
 
 haft 
 
 pass 
 
 slant 
 
 cast 
 
 entrance 
 
 hasp 
 
 passover 
 
 staff 
 
 chaff 
 
 fast 
 
 lance * 
 
 past 
 
 surpass 
 
 chance 
 
 flask 
 
 lass 
 
 pastor 
 
 task 
 
 chandler 
 
 France 
 
 last 
 
 pasture 
 
 trance 
 
 chant 
 
 gasp 
 
 mask 
 
 plaster 
 
 vast 
 
 clasp 
 
 ghastly 
 
 mass 
 
 prance 
 
 waft 
 
 class 
 
 glance 
 
 mast 
 
 quaff 
 
 
IN DICTIONARY WORK. 31 
 
 CHAPTER IV. 
 
 COMMON WORDS FREQUENTLY MISPRONOUNCED, 
 
 TEST LIST NO. 1. 
 
 Note 1. — The figure (2) or (3) appended to a word in this list 
 requires the pupil to give that number of pronunciations of the word, 
 rims, "associate (2)" asks the pupil to pronounce and define this 
 word as a nouyi and as a verb. In the former use, the a in " ate " has 
 a sound intermediate between a as in ale and e as in end ; in other 
 words, a verges toward the sound of short e. In the latter, or verb 
 use of the word, the a in " ate " has its long sound. 
 
 Note 2. — The teacher should see that his pupils know not only 
 the pronunciation of each word, but also its meaning — its proper use 
 in a phrase or sentence. 
 
 Note 3. — Very many of the words illustrate some " Principle" or 
 caution previously given. Let the pupil, in such cases, tell what he 
 has learned. 
 
 1 Abel, accented, adjective, advertise, aerial, again, 
 
 2 aged (2), alas, alkali, Allen, allies, ally, almond, ambus- 
 
 3 cade, antique, American, aorta, ant, Appalachian, 
 
 4 apparatus, apparel, apparent, apprentice, apricot, Arab; 
 
 5 archipelago, architect, Arctic, are, area, arisen, Asia, 
 
 6 Asiatic, associate (2), aunt, auxiliary, awaken, aye (2), 
 
 7 azure, bacon, bade, balmoral, balustrade, banana, ban- 
 
 8 quet, barren, basin, baths, beacon, bear, beckon, bellows, 
 
 9 benison, benzine, bestial, betel, bevel, bicycle, bidden, 
 
 10 bitten, blazou, bob, bomb, born, Boston, botch, bought, 
 
 11 bouquet, bourn, bravado, bravo (2), brazen, brooch, 
 
 12 broken, bronchitis, burden, bushel, bulk, button, calm, 
 
 13 cam, camlet, cancer, canine, canon, canon, captain, carat, 
 
32 BRILL-BOOK 
 
 14 carbine, cassimere, castanet, catalpa, caught, cause, cavil, 
 
 15 cawed, cayenne, channel, chapel, chasten, chattel, 
 
 16 chicken, chidden, Chinese, chosen, citadel, civil, clothes, 
 
 17 cloths, cobweb, coffin, collision, column, comrade, conch, 
 
 18 conclusion, concrete, conduit, congress, conscientious, 
 
 19 constitution, contrary, contrarily, coquet, coquette, 
 
 20 coquetry, coral, cored, cord, corse, cotton, courier, 
 
 21 course, courtesy (2), cousin, covey, cowardice, creek, 
 
 22 crimson, crochet (2), croquet, croquette, cupola, czar, 
 
 23 damning, damson, Danish, dare, daub, daughter, deacon, 
 
 24 deaf, deaths, decision, depot, desert (3), dessert, devil, 
 
 25 dictionary, dilate, disarm, disaster, discern, disdain, 
 
 26 disease, dishonest, dishonor, dismal, disown, dissolve, 
 
 27 divide, division, docile, dog, dollar, doth, dreary, drivel, 
 
 28 driven, duel, duty, easel, eaten, e'er, eleven, Ellen, 
 
 29 eminent, engine, ere, ermine, err, erring, error, etiquette, 
 
 30 even, evil, exalt, examine, excursion, exhaust, exhibit, 
 
 31 exile, exist, explosion, extra, extraordinary, fair, falcon, 
 
 32 fallen, fatigue, faucet, favorite, fawned, February, fetid, 
 
 33 fifth, fissure, flannel, flare, flaunt, florist, fog, for, forage, 
 
 34 forehead, foreign, forest, forge, forsaken, fortnight, 
 
 35 forward, fought, four, frequent (2), frozen, fruit, funnel, 
 
 36 gall, gaol, gap, gape, garden, garrison, gas, gaseous^ 
 
 37 gaudy, gaunt, general, genuine, geyser, gibbet, given^ 
 
 38 gladden, glutton, gnawed, God, goddess, golden, gon- 
 
 39 dola, gooseberry, gospel, granary, gratis, gravel, graven, 
 
 40 grease (2), grimace, grimy, grisly, gristly, grovel, hair, 
 
 41 half, halibut, happen, harden, haughty, haunch, haunt, 
 
 42 haven, hazel, heaths, hearths, heaven, Helen, hereditary, 
 
 43 heroine, hidden, hog, homage, horizon, horrid, horror, 
 
 44 hot, hovel, humble, hurrah, hyphen, idea,* idle, idol, 
 
 45 imitate, immersion, imperative, impious, Indian, indict, 
 
IN DICTIONARY WORK. 33 
 
 46 indisputable, industry, influence, inquiry, interesting, 
 
 47 inure, invasion, irritate, isothermal, Italic, jaguar, 
 
 48 jaundice, jaunt, jog, juvenile, kitchen, kennel, kernel, 
 
 49 laden, lair, lamentable, lapel, laths, Latin, launch, laun- 
 
 50 dry, laurel, laws, leaden, learned (2), legislature, leisure, 
 
 51 length, lengthen, lenient, leper, lentil, lesson, level, 
 
 52 libel, licorice, lief, linden, linen, location, lord, lower (2), 
 
 53 lowered (2), lucid, luxurious, lyceum, Mabel, madden, 
 
 54 magazine, Magi, mamma, maintenance, mansion, mantel, 
 
 55 marten, marvel, matin, matron, matronly, masculine, 
 6Q> mason, massacre, massacred, measure, medicine, men- 
 57 suration, mercantile, metal, mettle, miracle, miscellany, 
 5^ mischief, mischievous, missile, mission, mitten, model, 
 
 59 moral, morn, morsel, mortal, moths, mountain, moun- 
 
 60 tainous, mourn, mouths, mucilage, museum, mussel, 
 
 61 mutton, myths, nape, national, naught, naughty, ne'er, 
 
 62 nestle, neuralgia, neuter, new, newspaper, niche, nickel, 
 
 63 nomad, none, nook, not, novel, nuisance, numeral, 
 
 64 oakum, oasis, oaths, obedience, obstacle, of, off, offal, 
 Q5 offer, office, often, on, once, open, opponent, or, oracle, 
 QtQ oral, ore, orange, orang-outang, origin, ornament, 
 
 67 orthoepy, ought, pair, palm, pancake, panel, pantomime, 
 
 68 papa, parasol, parcel, pardon, paregoric, parent, parson, 
 
 69 patent, paths, participle, patriot, patriotism, patron, 
 
 70 patronage, permanent, peril, person, personal, philoso- 
 
 71 phy, piazza, pistil, plait, plateau, plover, poem, poison, 
 
 72 police, pollen, polygon, pommel, poniard,- porpoise 
 
 73 portion, portrait, prairie, prayer, precise, precisely, 
 
 74 pretense, pretty, primary, prison, process, produce (2), 
 
 75 progress (2), project (2), pronunciation, proven, pugh, 
 
 76 pumpkin, psalm, psalmody, put (2), question, quinine, 
 
 77 raisin, rare, ravel, ravine, real, really, reason, rebel (2), re- 
 
34 DRILL-BOOK 
 
 78 cess, reckon, refuse (2), reptile, resin, resource, retail (2)^ 
 
 79 ridden, ripen, rise (2), risen, robust, rob, romance, roof, 
 
 80 rook, rot, route, routine, rule, sacrament, sadden, 
 
 81 sagacious, salmon, salve, satin, saunter, season, secre- 
 
 82 tary, senna, scoff, scold, scourge, scallop, school-house, 
 
 83 sedentary, servile, seven, sewer (2), shaken, sheaths, 
 
 84 shekel, shovel, shrank, shriek, shrivel, shroud, shrub, 
 
 85 shrug, silken, similar, sirup, skeleton, slidden, slobber, 
 
 86 snivel, society, soft, solemn, solution, soot, sought, sov- 
 
 87 ereign, spavin, spermaceti, spherical, spinage, spoken, 
 
 88 spoon, stare, stolen, stomacher, strength, strengthen, 
 
 89 stricken, striven, student, stupid, subject (2), suggest, 
 
 90 suit, suite, sudden, sullen, superior, supple, survey (2), 
 
 91 swarthy, swear, swivel, swollen, taken, talc, talk, 
 
 92 tarpaulin, taught, tassel, theater, their, theories, thither, 
 
 93 thought, threshold, tinsel, tiny, tobacco, tomato, took, 
 
 94 torrid, toward, towel, trance, tranquil, tranquillity, 
 
 95 transaction, transparent, travel, traverse, treason, 
 
 96 tripod, trophy, trough, tune, tyranny, uncle, undress (2), 
 
 97 unique, Uranus, usurp, valise, vary, venison, vessel, 
 
 98 victuals, vigil, violent, voyage, waken, wan, want, was, 
 
 99 water, war, warm, weapon, wear, weasel, weevil, were, 
 
 100 what, where, widen, with, wont, won't, woman, women, 
 
 101 wooden, woolen, won, wore, worn, worsted (2), woven, 
 
 102 wrath, wreaths, wristband, written, wrong, wrought, 
 
 103 yacht, yolk, youths, zebra. 
 
IN DICTIONARY WORK, 35 
 
 CHAPTER V. 
 
 PEINCIPLES OF PRONUNCIATIOlSr — ((7on^m2ied). 
 
 Principle XI. ^ 
 
 I accented in most words from the French has 
 the sound of long^ e. (§ 102.) / 
 
 Examples: pique, machinej caprice, guillotine, quaran- \ 
 tine, mandarin, routine, suite, fatigue, police, ravine, valise, 
 antique, Bastile, critique, capuchin, gabardine, palanquin, 
 tambourine, charivari, regime (ra'zheem'), cuisine (kwe-i^ 
 zeen'), unique, intrigue, magazine. 
 
 Principle XII. 
 
 O//. in most words from the French has the value 
 of Ob, hut in Ang-lo-Saxon words it has the sound 
 
 of 0W9 as in cow. (§ 129.) 
 
 Examples : bouquet, contour, croup; out, bound, sound. 
 
 Note. — Ou has also other values, as m souly roughs adjourn, 
 wuld^ oughts hough (hok), trough. 
 
 Principle XIII. 
 
 X followed hy an accented vowel, or hy an 
 accented syllahle heginning with a silent h^ has the 
 sound of gz. (§ 271.) 
 
36 DJRILL-BOOK 
 
 Examples: luxit'rious, exam'ple, exhaust \ exhih'it, BxamHne, 
 exaW, exec'utive, exotHc, exist', exag'gerate, exon'erate, exoi^'- 
 hitant, auxil'iary. Exog'enous and uxo'rious are exceptions. 
 
 Principle XIV. 
 
 The termination tion is always shun, except when 
 it follows the letter s or oo, as in question (Jcives^chuny, 
 bastion, admixtion, combustion. (§ 106.) 
 
 Pronounce notation, completion, equation, relation, sugges- 
 tion, transition (tranz ish'un). 
 
 Principle XV. 
 
 . The termination sion immediately preceded by an 
 accented vowel is zhun; when not so preceded, it is 
 shun. (§§ 269, 260.) 
 
 Pronounce expulsion, immersion, mansion, excursion, diver- 
 sion, explosion, adhesion, delusion, exclusion, conversion, ex- 
 pansion, conclusion, cohesion, invasion, collision, decision, 
 division. 
 
 Principle XYI. 
 
 C is soft (s) before e, i, and y^ and hard (Jc) in 
 other positions. (§ 221.) 
 
 Pronounce ca, ce, ci, co, cu, cy. 
 
 Exceptions: c is hard (k) in sceptic and scirrhus; and in 
 the following words it has the sound of z : sacrifice (f iz), sice, 
 suffice, discern, and their derivatives. It is silent in czar, 
 victuals, indict, and their derivatives, and also in the termina- 
 tion scle, as in muscle, corpuscle. 
 
IN DICTIONARY WORK. 37 
 
 PlUNCIPLE XVII. 
 
 G is generally soft (j) before e, i, and y, and 
 always hard {g) before other vowels. (§ 233.) 
 
 Pronounce ga, ge, gi, go, gu, gy. 
 
 Note. — The old spelling oi jail is gaol^ so that in this word and its 
 derivatives g is soft before a. The exceptions to the rule that g is 
 usually soft before e, i^ and ?/ are many ; but they are nearly all com- 
 mon Anglo-Saxon words, such as get, give^ gild^ girl, girdle, giddy^ 
 foggy ^ gimlet, geese, gig, giggle, gift, gills, begin, gimp, beget, gird, 
 gear, gizzard. The following exceptions are not so common : gelding, 
 gerrymander, gibbon, gibbous, gibber, gibberish, gittith, gimmal, gim- 
 bal, gecko,, conger, geyser. 
 
 Principle XYIII. 
 
 1 
 
 In an accented syllable of any primitive word, 
 a vowel before r followed by a syllable beginning 
 with a vowel or another r has its short sound. 
 
 (§§ 49, 85, 114.) 
 
 Examples : Arab, arabesque, arid, Aristotle, arrant, arith- 
 metical, apparel, marigold, carat, clarify, caravan, harass, 
 garrison, Saracen, larynx, carol, b6ryl, p6ril, delirious, p6r- 
 adventure, generic, peremptory, celerity, heroine, diaeresis, 
 imperative, irritate, miracle, delirium, abhorrence, florid, 
 coroner, foreign, corymb, orange, coral, florin, Florence, 
 Doric, forage, forest, orator, origin, orifice, chorister, turret, 
 barrel, burrow, curry, courage, fiirrow, pyrotechnic, pyrrhic, 
 empyreal. 
 
 Exceptions : parent, apparent, transparent, alarum, bury, 
 chary, quarrel, quarry, warrant, warren, borough, worry. 
 
38 DRILLr-BOOK 
 
 Principle XTX. 
 
 N ending an accented syllable has the sound of 
 ngr, if immediately followed by hard g or Aj, or any 
 equivalent of h (c, g, or x), (§ 245.) 
 
 Examples : con'gress, gan'greiie, con 'cord, tran'quil, iin'cle, 
 an'ger, hun'ger, mon'key, san'guine, sin'gle, clan'gor, extin- 
 guish, blan'ket, twin'kle, con 'course, Lin 'coin. 
 
 Exceptions: concrete , penguin, mangrove, Mongol, pancreas, 
 syngrapli, tangram, and some others ; also words beginning 
 with the prefixes in, quinque, non and un, as in income, non- 
 content, quinquevalve, un' compound' ed. 
 
 Note. — Observe that in derivations v^here the letter n is no longer 
 under accent, the sound of ng gives place to tliat of ?i, as tran'quil, 
 tranquil 'lity ; con'gress, congres'sional; con'cord, concord'ance. 
 
 Principle XX. 
 
 Cj s, or t, when immediately preceded by an 
 accented syllable and followed by e, i, or u, has 
 usually the force of sh, and is said to be "aspi- 
 rated," as in ocean, nauseate, Asiatic, negotiation. 
 
 (§§ 106, 221, 269.) 
 
 Principle XXI. 
 
 In pronouncing the terminal syllables, ble, cle, 
 die, fie, gle. Me, pie, stle^ tie, and zle, no vowel sound 
 is heard. Terminal ere, however, is pronounced 
 
m DICTIONARY WORK. 39 
 
 her. The combination of any of these terminations 
 with ing forms but one syllable. 
 
 Pronounce quibbling, doubling, circling, meddling, huddling, 
 ruffling, shuffling, giggling, struggling, pickling, trickling, coup- 
 ling, rippling, battling, whittling, ivhistling, jostling, puzzling^ 
 ^nuzzling, massacring. 
 
40 DRILL-BOOK 
 
 CHAPTER VI. 
 
 WORDS COMMONLY MISPRONOUNCED 
 
 TEST LIST NO. 2. 
 
 Note 1.— The figure (2) or (3) appended to a word in this list 
 requires the pupil to give that number of pronunciations of the word. 
 Thus, "consummate (2) " asks the pupil to pronounce and define this 
 word as an adjective and as a verb. In the former use, the a in "ate " 
 has a sound intermediate between a as in ale and e as in end ; in other 
 words, a verges towards short e. In the latter, or verb use of the 
 word, the a in " ate " has its long sound. 
 
 Note 2 — The teacher should see that his pupils know not only the 
 pronunciation of each word, but also its meaning — its proper use in 
 a phrase or sentence. 
 
 Note 3. — Very many of the words illustrate some "Principle" or 
 caution previously given. Let the pupil, in such cases, tell what he 
 has learned. 
 
 1 Abatis, abdomen, ablegate, absolve, abstruse, accli- 
 
 2 mated, acoustics, acumen, adagio, admixture, Adonis, 
 
 3 adept, adhesion, admiralty, adverse, adversely, aeriform, 
 
 4 aeronaut, alarum, alias, alibi, allegro, almoner, alms, 
 
 5 altercation, alternate, alternately, althea, amateur, 
 
 6 amenable, amenity, amour, analogous, anchovy, annihi- 
 
 7 late, apotheosis, a priori, apropos, aquatic, aquiline, 
 
 8 arbitrarily, archangel, archbishop, aroma, armistice, 
 
 9 arsenic (2), artificer, aspirant, asthma, audacious, axil, 
 
 10 balm, balsamic, Bastile, bastion, behemoth, belles-lettres, 
 
 11 beneficent, bequeath, bifurcated, biology, blazon, blithe, 
 
 12 bona fide, buoy, Burgundy, burlesque, cabal, caldron, 
 
IN DICTIONARY WORK. 41 
 
 13 camellia, caprice, capuchin, carmine, carotid, cavil, 
 
 14 celibacy, ceramic, chaldron, chaperon, chaotic, charivari, 
 
 15 chary, chasten, chastisement, chateau, chattel, cherubim, 
 
 16 chimera, chlorine, cinchona, clandestine, clangor, clema- 
 
 17 tis, climatic, chyle, chyme, coadjutor, codicil, cohesion, 
 
 18 colander, combatant, commune, commune, communism, 
 
 19 communist, compeer, complacent, complaisance, com- 
 
 20 plex, compound (3), concord, concourse, conger, con- 
 
 21 fidant, conjure (2), construe, consummate (2), contour, 
 
 22 contumely, convergent, conversely, corridor, corpuscle, 
 
 23 coterie, covetous, craunch, craven, criterion, critique, 
 
 24 cuisine, culinary, curator, daunt, debauchee, debouch, 
 
 25 debris, debut, decade, decorous, delusion, defalcate, 
 
 26 deficit, demagogy, demise, demoniacal, dernier, desig- 
 
 27 nate, desist, despicable, desultory, diastole, didactic, 
 
 28 diffuse (2), digest (2), diocesan, divan, diverse, diver- 
 
 29 sion, douceur, douche, doughty, dramatis personce, 
 
 30 drivel, drought, drouth, dual, dynamite, dysentery, 
 
 31 dyspepsia, eau de Cologne, eclat, elegiac, elegiacal, 
 
 32 encore, ecumenical, enervate, ennui, epiphany, epizootic, 
 
 33 epizooty, epoch, equation, erudition, exaggerate, exclu- 
 
 34 sion, executive, exeunt, exhale, exegesis, exonerate, 
 
 35 exotic, exorbitant, exponent, expose, expose, expulsion, 
 
 36 exquisite, extant, extempore, extol, exuberant, exude, 
 
 37 eyry, facade, facet, facial, falchion, fatality. Fata Mor- 
 
 38 gana, feline, fete, fetich, fetid, finale, finance, financial, 
 
 39 finis, florid, florin, fluent, franchise, fraternize, fricas- 
 
 40 see, n., frontal, frontispiece, fugue, fulsome, gaberdine, 
 
 41 Gallic, gallant (2), gamut, gangrene, gaol, garget, 
 
 42 garrison, garrulous, gaseous, gasometer, gaunt, gauntlet, 
 
 43 gecko, genius (2), gewgaw, giaour, gibber, gibberish, 
 
 44 gibbous, giblets, gimbals, gist, gladiolus, gluten, goal, 
 
42 DRILL-BOOK 
 
 45 gout, goUt, grievous, groat, grovel, guillotine (2), gyves, 
 
 46 harass, heinous, hirsute, homeopathy, homogeneous, 
 
 47 hostage, hydropathy, hymning, houri, hypocrisy, ichthy- 
 
 48 ology, iconoclast, idyl, ignoramus, imminent, immobile, 
 
 49 implacable, inchoate, incisive, incisor, incomparable, 
 
 50 incursion, indefatigable, indisputable, inexhaustible, 
 
 51 inexorable, inimical, inimitable, insidious, institute, 
 
 52 instinct (2), integral, interlocutor, intrigue, intrusive, 
 
 53 intuitive, ironmonger, irony (2), irreconcilable, irrefra- 
 
 54 gable, irremediable, irreparable, irrevocable, iridescent, 
 5b isochronal, isolate, isolation, isothermal, jauntily, 
 6^ javeline, joust,, jugular, justifiable, kaleidoscope, larynx, 
 57 latent, laud, legate, legislative, lenient, lichen, lithe, 
 5^ loath, loathe, loco-foco, lucid, lunacy, machination, mael- 
 
 59 Strom, Magna Charta, magnesia, malcontent, mall (2), 
 
 60 mandarin, mandamus, manege, menage, manes, manes, 
 
 61 menagerie, manganese, mangy, mausoleum, marigold, 
 
 62 maritime, martinet, massacring, matin, mauve, medica- 
 
 63 tive, medicinal, mediocre, memoir, mesdames. Messieurs, 
 
 64 metallurgy, metamorphosis, metempsychosis, minutioe, 
 Q6 mirage, misconstrue, misprision, mistletoe, mobile, 
 Qt^ mobilize, moccasin, model, molecule, monad, Mongol, 
 
 67 mongrel, muscovy, mustache, myths, mythology, naiad, 
 
 68 naive, naively, naivete, nasal, nauseous, national, native, 
 
 69 natal, naturalization, necessarily, negligee, nepotism, 
 
 70 neutral, noisome, nomad, nomenclature, nonchalance, 
 
 71 nonpareil, notoriety, nuptial, obligatory, obsequies, 
 
 72 obstacle, obtrusive, Odyssey, omen, onyx, opportune, 
 
 73 orchestra, ordeal, ordinarily, organization, orgies, orifice, 
 
 74 orison, ornate, orotund, oxide, ozone, pall-mall, pal- 
 
 75 mated, palmer, pancreas, panegyric, papaw, papyrus, 
 
 76 pariah, parietal, Parisian, parquet, pedagogical, peda- 
 
IN DICTIONARY WORK. 43 
 
 77 gogy, parochial, parotid, parterre, pathos, peduncle, 
 
 78 pentagon, peony, peradventure, peremptorily, perfidious, 
 
 79 persistent, personage, personate, persuasive, petit, phil- 
 
 80 anthropy, Philistine, philology, pique (2), pharmaceutic, 
 
 81 plagiarism, placard, plebeian, plenary, poignant, polo- 
 
 82 naise (2), porcelain, porcine, physiognomy, piazza, 
 
 83 precedence, precedent (2), precocious, precocity, predi- 
 
 84 cate (2), prescience, prescient, presentiment, present- 
 
 85 ment, preventive, prima donna, prima facie, primeval, 
 
 86 pristine, privative, probity, profuse, prolix, prologue, 
 
 87 prophecy, prophesy, propitiation, protege, psalm, psal- 
 ^% mody, psalter, pseudo. Psyche, pylorus, pyramidal, 
 
 89 pyrites, python, quadruple, qualms, quarantine (2), 
 
 90 quash, querulous, quota, quotient, raillery, rapine, rati- 
 
 91 ocination, rational, rationale, recitative, reconnaissance, 
 
 92 reconnoiter, recreation (2), refutable, regime, raven (2), 
 
 93 recourse, remediable, rendezvous, reprint (2), researches, 
 
 94 resignation, reservoir, resource, respirable, resume, re- 
 
 95 sume, reveille, revel, revelry, reverie, revocable, robust, 
 
 96 role, rowen, sabaoth, sacrifice, sacrilege, sacrilegious, 
 
 97 salam, salic, saline, salon, salutary, salver, Sapphic, 
 
 98 sanguine, Saracen, sarcenet, sardine (2), sarsaparilla, 
 
 99 satire, satirist, Saturn, satyr, savant, scald (2), scalene, 
 
 100 scallop, schism, sciatica, scrivener, scrupulous, seance, 
 
 101 sedentary, semester, seneschal, senile, sepulture, seraph, 
 
 102 serpentine, shrew, shrine, sice, siesta, silhouette, 
 
 103 simony, simoon, simultaneous, sinecure, slough (3), 
 
 104 sobriety, sobriquet, soi-disant, soiree, sojourn, soughing, 
 
 105 souvenir, specious, spherule, spoliation, squalid, squalor, 
 
 106 strophe, stupendous, sublimate (2), sublunary, subpoena, 
 
 107 subtile, subtle, succumb, suffice, sumac, supererogatory, 
 
 108 supine (2), suppositious, suture, syncope, synchro- 
 
44 DRILL-BOOK 
 
 109 nous, systole, tabernacle, tamboarine, tapestry, ta|)is, 
 
 110 tenacious, tenet, Teutonic, tete-a-tete, theories, three- 
 Ill penny, tiara, tirade, tontine, tortoise, tournament, 
 
 112 traduce, trachea, tragacanth, transition, tribune, 
 
 113 trichina, trilobite, tripod, troche, trochee, troth, trow, 
 
 114 troubadour, trousseau, truculent, turgid, tympanum, 
 
 115 typhus, tyrannic, unique, unison, unnecessarily, Uranus, 
 
 116 usage, usurp, usurious, uxorious, vaccine, vagary, 
 
 117 variegated, vehement, venial, veracious, vicar, vice, 
 
 118 vignette, vinculum, virago, virtu, virulent, vise, vizier, 
 
 119 warden, wiseacre, wady, waft, Wallachian, wraiths, 
 
 120 zoology. Zouave* 
 
IN DICTIONARY WORK. 
 
 45 
 
 REFERENCE LIST. 
 
 Note. — This list contains all the words found in Test Lists Nos. 1 
 and 2. It is intended for study and reference, but not for recitation. 
 The list is designed to present only the broader and more obvious 
 features of pronunciation ; for all niceties of syllabication, secondary 
 accent and sound-values, and for other authorized pronunciations, the 
 student should consult the dictionary. The authority of Webster's 
 International Dictionary has in general been recognized. The 
 character n indicates a nasal sound as heard in many French v^ords. 
 
 Ab'atis(ab'a-tis; Fr.a'ba'te') 
 .abdo'men (ab-do'mgn) 
 
 A'bel (a'bel) 
 
 ab 'legate (ab'Ie-gat) 
 
 absolve' (ab-solv') 
 
 abstruse' (ab-strus') 
 
 accent 'ed (ak-sent'Sd) 
 -accli 'mated (ak-kli'ma-t6d) 
 
 acous'tics (a-kous'tiks or 
 a-koos'-tiks) 
 
 acu'men (a-ku'm6n) 
 
 ada'gio (a-da'j6) 
 
 adept' (a-d6pt') 
 
 adhe'sion (ad-he 'zhun) 
 
 ad'jective (ad'j6k-tiv) 
 
 ad'miralty (ad'mi-ral-ty) 
 
 admix 'ture (ad-miks 'tur) 
 
 Ado'nis (a-do'nis) 
 
 ad 'verse (ad 'vers) 
 ^ad'versely (ad'vers-ly) 
 / ad'vertise' (ad'ver-tiz' or ad' 
 vgr-tiz') 
 
 ae'rial (a-e'ri-al) 
 
 a'eriform (a'gr-1-form) 
 
 a 'er oiiaut (a 'er-6-nat) 
 
 again' (a-g6n') 
 
 a'ged (a.) (a'jM) 
 
 aged (v.) (ajd) 
 
 alar'um (a-lar'um) 
 
 alas' (a-las') 
 
46 
 
 DRILL-BOOK 
 
 a 'lias (a'l!-as) 
 
 al'ibi (al'i-bl) 
 
 alTtali (allia-lTor-li) 
 
 alle'gro (al-le'gro; It. al- 
 ia 'gro) 
 
 Al'len (al'lgn) 
 
 allies' (al-llz') 
 
 ally' (al-ll')* 
 
 alm'ond (a'mtind) 
 
 al'moner (al'mun-er) 
 
 alms (amz) 
 
 al 'terca 'tion (al 'ter-ka 'shun) 
 
 al'ternate (v.) (al'-ter-nat or 
 al-ter'nat) 
 
 alter 'nate (a.) (al-ter'nat) 
 
 alter 'nately (al-ter'nat-ly) 
 
 althe'a (al-the'a) 
 
 am'ateur' (am'a-ter' or am'a- 
 tur') 
 
 am'buscade' (am'bus-kad') 
 
 ame'nable (a-me'na-b'l) 
 
 amen'ity (a-m6n'i-ty) 
 
 Amer'ican (a-m6r'i-kan) 
 
 amour' (amoor') 
 
 analogous (a-nal'6-gus) 
 
 ancho'vy (an-cho'vy) 
 
 anni'hilate (an-nl'hi-lat) 
 
 ant (ant) 
 
 aor'ta (a-6r'ta) 
 
 ap'othe'osis (ap'o-the'o-sis) 
 
 Ap'pala'cliian (ap 'pa-la '- 
 chl-an) 
 
 ap'para'tus (ap'pa-ra'tus) 
 appar'el (ap-par'6l) 
 appalr'ent (ap-par'ent) 
 appren'tice (ap-pr6n'tis) 
 a'pricot (a'pri-kot) 
 a'prio^'i (a'pri-6'ri) 
 ap'ropos' (ap'ro-po') 
 . aquat'ic (a-kwatlk) 
 aq'uiline (ak'wi-lin or -lln) 
 arch 'an 'gel (ark 'an 'j 61) 
 arch'bish'op (arch'bish'up) 
 ar'chipel 'ago (ar'ki-pel'a-go) 
 ar'chitect (ar'ki-t6kt) 
 arc 'tic (ark'tik) 
 are (ar) 
 a'rea (a're-a) 
 aris'en (a-riz"n) 
 ar'mistice (ar'mis-tis) 
 aro'ma (a-ro'ma) 
 ar'senic {n.) ar'se-nik) 
 arsen'ic (a.) (ar-s6n'ik) 
 artificer (ar-t!f'i-ser) 
 A 'si a (a'shi-a) 
 A'siat'ic (a'shi-atlk) 
 aspir'ant (as-pir'ant) 
 asso'ciate {n.) (as-so'shi-at) 
 asso'ciate (y.) (as-so'shi-at) 
 asth'ma (as 'ma, az'ma, or 
 
 ast'ma) 
 auda'cious (a-da'shus) 
 auxiliary (agz-il 'ya-ry) 
 awak'en (a-wak'^n) 
 
IN DICTIONARY WORK. 
 
 47 
 
 ax'il (aksll) 
 aye (a!) = yes 
 aye (a) = forever 
 az'ure (azh'ur or a'zhur) 
 
 Ba'con (ba'k'n) 
 
 bade (bad) 
 
 balm (bam) 
 
 balm or 'al (bS,l-mor'al) 
 
 balsam 'ic(bal-sam'ik or bal-) 
 
 Bas'tile (bas-tel' or bas'tel) 
 
 bas'tion (bas'chim) 
 
 be'hemoth (be 'lie-moth) 
 
 belles-let'tres (b6l-l6t'ter) 
 
 bel'lows (bel'lus) 
 
 beneficent (be-n6f 'I-sent) 
 
 ben'ison (b6n'i-z'n) 
 
 ben'zine (bgn'zin or bgn-zen') 
 
 bequeath' (be-kweth') 
 
 bes'tial (bSs'chal) 
 
 be'tel (be't'l) 
 
 bev'el (b6v'6l) 
 
 bi 'cycle (bi'si-k'l) 
 
 bid 'den (bid'd'n) 
 
 bifur'cated (bi-fur'ka-t6d) 
 
 biol'ogy (bi-ol'6-jy) 
 
 bit 'ten (bit't'n) 
 
 bla'zon (bla'z'n) 
 
 blithe (bllth) 
 
 blouse (blouz) 
 
 bob (bob) 
 
 bomb (bom or bum) 
 
 bo'na fi'de (bo'na fi'de) 
 born (born) 
 Bos 'ton (bos 'tun) 
 botch (boch) 
 bought (bat) 
 bouquet' (boo-ka') 
 bourn (born or boorn) 
 brava'do (bra-va'do) 
 bra'vo (n.) (bra'vo) 
 bra'vo {inter j.) (bra'vo) 
 bra'zen (bra'z'n) 
 bro'ken (bro'k'n) 
 bronchi 'tis (bron-ki 'tis) 
 brooch (broch) 
 bulk (bulk) 
 buoy (bwoi or boi) 
 bur 'den (bur'd'n) 
 Bur 'gun dy (bur 'giln-dy) 
 burlesque' (bur-l6sk') 
 bush 'el (bush '61) 
 but 'ton (but't'n) 
 
 Cabal' (ka-bal') 
 
 cal'dron (kal'drun) 
 
 calm (kam) 
 
 cam (kam) 
 
 camel 'lia (ka-m6l'li-a or ka- 
 
 mel'ya) 
 cam 'let (kam'l6t) 
 can 'eel (kan's6l) 
 canine' (ka-iiin') 
 can 'on (kan'nun) 
 
48 
 
 DRILL-BOOK 
 
 canon' (ka-ny on'; anglicized 
 
 kan'yun) 
 caprice' (ka-pres') 
 cap 'tain (kap'tin) 
 cap'uchin' (kap'u-shen') 
 car 'at (kar'at) 
 car 'bine (kar'bin) 
 car 'mine (kar'min) 
 carot'id (ka-rotid) 
 cas'simere (kas'si-mer) 
 cas'tanet (kas'ta-n6t) 
 catal'pa (ka-tal'pa) 
 caught (kat) 
 cause (kaz) 
 cav'il (kav'il) 
 cawed (kad) 
 
 cayenne' (ka-6n' or ki-6n') 
 celib'acy (se-lib'a-sy or s6l'i- 
 
 ba-sy) 
 ceram'ic (se-ram'Ik) 
 chal'dron (chal'drun or chal'- 
 
 drun) 
 chan'nel (cban'ngl) 
 chaot'ic (ka-6t'ik) 
 chap 'el (chap '61) 
 chap'eron (shap'er-on) 
 char i 'vari f (sha-re ' va-re ') 
 char'y (char'y or cha'ry) 
 chas'ten (cha's'n) 
 chas'tisement (chas'tiz-ment) 
 cha'teau' (sha'to') 
 chat'tel (chat't'l) 
 
 cher'ubim (ch6r'u-btm) 
 chick 'en (chik'gn) 
 chid'den (chid'd'n) 
 chime 'ra (ki-me'ra) 
 Chinese' (Chi-nez' or -nes') 
 chlo'rine (klo'rin or ren) 
 cho'sen (cho'z'n) 
 chyle (kil) 
 chyme (kim) 
 cincho'na (sin-ko'na) 
 cit'adel (sit'a-del) 
 civ'il (siv'il) 
 
 clandes'tine (klan-d6s'tln) 
 clan'gor (klan'ger) 
 climat'ic (kli-mat'ik) 
 clothes (klothz or kloz) 
 cloths (klothz) 
 co'adju^tor (ko'ad-ju'tgr) 
 cobweb' (k6b%6b') 
 cod'icil (kod'i-sil) 
 coffin (kof 'f!n) 
 cohe'sion (ko-he'zhun) 
 col'ander (kul'an-der) 
 colli 'sion (kol-lizh'un) 
 col'umn (kol'tim) 
 com'batant (kom 'bat-ant) 
 commune' {y.) (kom-mun') 
 com'mune (n.) (kom'mtin) 
 com'munism (kom'mu-niz'm) 
 com'munist (kom'mu-nist) 
 compeer' (kom-per') 
 compla'cent (kom-pla'sent) 
 
IN DICTIONARY WORK. 
 
 49 
 
 com 'plaisance ' (kom 'pla- 
 
 zans') 
 com'plex (kom'plgks) 
 com 'pound (^i.) (kom 'pound) 
 com 'pound (a.) (kom 'pound) 
 compound' {y.) (kom-pound') 
 com'rade (kom'r^d or -rad) 
 conch (konk) 
 
 conclu'sion (kon-klu'zhun) 
 con 'cord (kon'kord) 
 con 'course (kon'kors) 
 con'crete (kon'kret or kon'- 
 
 kret) 
 con'duit (kon'dit or kun'dit) 
 con'fidant^ (kon'fi-dantO 
 con'ger (kon'ger) 
 con'gress (kon'grgs) 
 conjure' (to entreat) (kon-jur') 
 con 'jure (to enchant) (kun'- 
 
 con'scien'tious (kon'shi-6n'- 
 
 shus) 
 con'stitu^tion (kon'sti-tu'- 
 
 shun) 
 con'strue (kon'stru) 
 con'summate (y.) (kon'stim- 
 
 mat or kon-sum'mat) 
 consum'mate (a.) (kon-stim'- 
 
 mat) 
 contour' (kon-toor') 
 con'trarily (kon'tra-ri-ly or 
 
 k5n'tra-^ 
 
 con ' tr ary (k on ' tr a-ry or-t r a- 
 
 con'tumely (kon'tu-me-ly) 
 con'versant (a.) (kon'ver- 
 
 sant) 
 con'versely (kon'vgrs-ly o) 
 
 kon-vers'ly) 
 coquet' iy.) (ko-kgf) 
 coquet 'ry (k6-k6t'ry) 
 coquette' (n.) (ko-kgf) 
 cor'al (kor'al) 
 cord (kord) 
 cored (kord) 
 cor'puscle (kor'pus-s'l) 
 cor 'ri dor (kor'ri-dor or -dor) 
 corse (kors or kors) 
 co'terie' (ko'te-re') 
 cot 'ton (kot't'n) 
 cou'rier (koo'ri-Sr) 
 course (kors) 
 cour'tesy (politeness) (kur- 
 
 te-sy) 
 courte'sy (a bow) (kurt'sy) 
 cov'etous (kuv'6t-us) 
 cov'ey (kuv'y) 
 cow 'ardice (kou 'grd-is) 
 craunch (kranch) 
 cra'ven (kra'v'n) 
 creek (krek) 
 crim'son (krim'z'n) 
 crite ^rion (kri-te 'ri-un) 
 critique' (kri-tek') 
 
50 
 
 DRILL-BOOK 
 
 crochet' (kro-sha') 
 croquet' (kro-ka') 
 croquette' (kro-kgf) 
 cui'sine' (kwe'zen') 
 cu'linary (kti'li-na-ry) 
 cu'pola (kti'po-la) 
 cura'tor (ku-ra'tgr) 
 czar (zar) 
 
 Dam'ning (damTng or dam'- 
 
 ning) 
 dam 'son (dam'z'n) 
 Dan'ish (dan'isli) 
 dare (dar) 
 da'ta (da'ta) 
 daub (dab) 
 daugh'ter (da'ter) 
 daunt (dant) 
 dea'con (de'k'n) 
 deaf (def or def) 
 deaths (d6ths) 
 debauch' (de-bach') 
 deb'auchee' (d6b'6-she' or 
 
 da'bo'sha') 
 de'bris' (da'bre') 
 de'but' (da'buO 
 dec'ade (dgk'ad) 
 deci'sion (de-sizh'un) 
 deco'rous (de-ko'rus or d6k'6- 
 
 rus) 
 defalcate (de-fal'kat) 
 deficit (d6f 'i-sit) 
 
 delu'sion (de-lu'zhun) 
 
 dem 'agog 'y (d6m 'a-goj 'y) 
 
 demise' (de-miz') 
 
 dem 'oni 'acal (d6m '6-ni 'a-kal) 
 
 de'pot (de'po) 
 
 der'nier' (dar'nya'o?'der'- 
 
 ni-er) 
 desert' {v.) (de-zerf) 
 des'ert {n.) (dez'ert) 
 desert' (n.) (de-zerf) 
 des'ignate (d6s'ig-nat) 
 desist' (de-zisf or de-sisf) 
 des'picable (d6s'pi-ka-b'l) 
 dessert' (dgz-zerf) 
 des'ultory (d6s 'ul-to-ry) 
 dev'il (d6v"l) 
 dias'tole (di-as 'to-le) 
 dic'tionary (dik'shun-a-ry) 
 didac'tic (di-dak'tik) 
 diffuse' (v.) (dif-fuz') 
 diffuse' (a.) (dif-fus') 
 digest' (v.) (di-j6sf) 
 di'gest {n.) (di'jgst) 
 dioc'esan (di-os'e-san or di'6- 
 
 se'san) 
 disarm' (dis-arm' or diz-) 
 disas'ter (diz-as'ter) 
 discern' (diz-zern') 
 disdain' (dis-dan' or diz-) 
 disease' (diz-ez') 
 dishon'est (dis-6n'6st or diz-) 
 dishon'or (dis-on'gr or diz-) 
 
/i\r DICTION J ^r WOBK, 
 
 51 
 
 dis'mal (dlz'mal) 
 
 disown' (dis-on' or diz-on') 
 
 dissolve' (diz-zolv') 
 
 divan' (di-v^n') 
 
 di 'verse (a.) (di'vers or di- 
 vers') 
 
 diverse' (adv.) (di-vers' or 
 di'vers) 
 
 diver 'sion (di-ver'shun) 
 
 divide' (di-vid') 
 
 divis'ion (di-vizh'un) 
 
 doc'ile (dos'il or do'sil) 
 
 dog (dog) 
 
 dollar (dol'ler) 
 
 doth (duth) 
 
 dou'ceur^ (doo'-ser') 
 
 douche (doosh) 
 
 dough 'ty (dou'ty) 
 
 dram'atis perso'nae (dram'a- 
 tis per-so'ne) 
 
 driv'el (drivel) 
 
 driv'en (driven) 
 
 drought (drout) 
 
 drouth (drouth) 
 
 du'al (dti'al) 
 
 du'el (du'6l) 
 
 du'ty (dti'ty) 
 
 dy'namite (di'na-mit or 
 dm'-a-) 
 
 dys'entery (dls'6n-t6r-y) 
 
 dyspep'sia (dis-p6p'si-a or 
 dis-p6p'sha) 
 
 Easel (e'z'l) 
 eaten (et"n) 
 eau' de Cologne' (o' de ko- 
 
 Ion') 
 eclat' (e-kla'; Fr. a'kla^ 
 ec'umen^ical (6k'u-m6n^-kal) 
 e'er (ar or ar) 
 ele'giac (e-le'ji-ak or 61 'e- 
 
 ]V&) 
 el'egi'acal (6l'e-ji'a-kal) 
 elev'en (e-l6v"n) 
 Ellen (gngn) 
 em'inent (gml-nent) 
 en'core' (a^'kor^) 
 ener'vate ($-ner'vat or Sn'er- 
 
 vat) 
 en'gine (gn'jin) 
 en'nui^ (a^'nwe') 
 epiph'any (e-pif'a-ny) 
 ep'izoot^ic (6p'-i-z6-6t^k) 
 ep'izo'oty (gpl-zo^o-ty) 
 ep'och (gp'ok or e'pok) 
 equa'tion (e-kwa'shun) 
 ere (ar or ar) 
 er'mine (er'mm) 
 err (er) 
 
 er'ring (er'rmg or 6r-) 
 er'ror (gr'rer) 
 er'udi'tion (6r'u-dish'un) 
 et^iquette' (gtl-kef) 
 e'ven (e'v'n) 
 e'vil (e'v'l) 
 
52 
 
 DRILL-BOOK 
 
 exag'gerate (6gz-aj 'er-at) 
 exalt' (6gz-alt') 
 exam'ine (ggz-amln) 
 exclu'sion (6ks-klu'zhun) 
 excur'sion (eks-kur'shtin) 
 exec 'uti ve (6gz-6k 'u-ti v) 
 exege'sis (6ks'e-je'sis) 
 ex'eunt (6ks'e-unt) 
 exhale' (6ks-lial' or 6gz-al') 
 exhaust' (6gz-ast') 
 exhib'it (ggz-iblt or eks- 
 
 hib'it) 
 ex'ile (gks'il) 
 exist' (ggz-isf) 
 exon'erate (6gz-on'gr-at) 
 exor'bitant (6gz-6r'b!-tant) 
 exot'ic (6gz-ot'ik) 
 explo'sion (gks-plo'zhun) 
 expo'nent (gks-po'nent) 
 expose' (6ks-poz') 
 ex'po'se' (Sks'po'za') 
 expul'sion (6ks-pul'shun) 
 ex'quisite (6ks'kwi-zit) 
 ex 't ant (gks'tant) 
 extern 'pore (6ks-t6m'p6-re) 
 extol' (gks-tol') 
 ex'tra (gks'tra) 
 extraor'dinary (6ks-tr6r'-di- 
 
 na-ry or 6ks'tra-or^-) 
 exu'berant (6ks-u'ber-ant) 
 exude' (eks-ud' or egz-ud') 
 ey'ry (a'ry or e'ry) 
 
 Fa'Qade' (fa'sad' or fa-sad') 
 
 fac'et (fas'gt) 
 
 fa'cial (fa'shal) 
 
 fair (far) 
 
 fal'chion (fal'chun) 
 
 fal'con (fa'k'n) 
 
 fall'en (fal'^n) 
 
 fatal 'ity (fa-tall-ty) 
 
 Fa'ta Morga'na (fa'ta mor- 
 
 ga'na) 
 fatigue' (fa-teg') 
 fau'cet (fa's6t) 
 fa'vorite (fa'ver-lt) 
 fawned (fand) 
 Feb'ruary (f6b'ru-a-ry) 
 fe'line (fe'lin) 
 fete (fat) 
 fetich (fe'tish) 
 fet'id (fet'id or fe'tid) 
 fifth (fifth) 
 fina'le (fe-na'la) 
 finance' (fi-n^ns') 
 fin an 'cial (f i-nSn 'shal) 
 fi'nis (fi'nis) 
 flan'nel (flan'ngl) 
 flare (flar) 
 
 flaunt (flant or flant) 
 flor'id (flor'id) 
 flor'in (florin) 
 flo'rist (flo'rist or flor'ist) 
 flu'ent (flu'ent) 
 fog (fog) 
 
IN DICTIONARY WORK, 
 
 53 
 
 for (for) 
 
 for 'age (for'aj) 
 
 fore 'head (for'ed) 
 
 for'eign (for 'in) 
 
 for 'est (for^gst) 
 
 forge (forj) 
 
 forsak'en (for-sak"n) 
 
 fort'night' (fort'nit') 
 
 for 'ward (for'werd) 
 
 fought (fat) 
 
 four (for) 
 
 fran'chise (fran'chiz or -chiz) 
 
 fra'ternize (fra'ter-niz or 
 
 frat'er-) 
 fre'quent (a.) (fre'kwent) 
 frequent' (y.) (fre-kwent') 
 fric'assee' (n. and v.) (frik-' 
 
 as-se') 
 fron'tal (fron'tal) 
 fron'tispiece (fron'tis-pes) 
 fro'zen (fro'z'n) 
 fruit (frut) 
 fugue (fug) 
 ful'some (ful'sum) 
 fun 'n el (fun 'n 61) 
 
 Gab'erdine' (gab'er-den') 
 gall (gal) 
 
 gal '1 ant (a.) (gal '1 ant) 
 gallant' (n.) (gal-lanf) 
 gal 'lie (gal 'Ilk) 
 gam'ut (gam Tit) 
 
 gan'grene (gan'gren) 
 
 gaol (jal) 
 
 gap (gap) 
 
 gape (gap or gap) 
 
 gar 'den (gar'd'n) 
 
 gar 'get (gar 'get) 
 
 gar'rison (gar'ri-s'n) 
 
 gar'rulous (gar'ru-lus) 
 
 gas (gas) 
 
 gas'eous (gas'e-us or gaz'-) 
 
 gasom'eter (gas-om 'e-ter or 
 
 gaz-) 
 gaud'y (gad'y) 
 gaunt (gant) 
 gaunt 'let (gant'l6t) 
 geck'o (ggk'o) 
 gen'eral (j6n'er-al) 
 gen'ius (jen'yus) 
 ge'nius (je'ni-us) 
 gen'uine (j6n'u-ln) 
 gew'gaw (gti'ga) 
 gey 'ser (gi'ser or gi'zer) 
 giaour (jour) 
 gib'ber (gib'ber) 
 gib'berish (gib'ber-ish) 
 gib 'bet (jib 'bet) 
 gibbous (gib 'bus) 
 gib 'lets (jib 'lets) 
 gim'bals (gim'balz) 
 gist (jist) 
 giv'en (g!v"n) 
 glad'den (glad'd'n) 
 
54 
 
 DRILL-BOOK 
 
 gladi'olus (gla-dl'6-lus) 
 glu'ten (glu'tgn) 
 glut 'ton (glut't'n) 
 gnawed (nad) 
 God (god)'" 
 god'dess (god'dgs) 
 gold 'en (golden) 
 gon'dola (gon 'do-la) 
 goose 'berry (gooz'b6r-ry or 
 
 goos'-) 
 gos'pel (gos'pgl) 
 gout (gout) 
 gout (goo) 
 gran'ary (gran'a-ry) 
 gra'tis (gra'tis) 
 grav'el (grav'61) 
 gra'ven (graven) 
 grease (n.) (gres) 
 grease {v.) (grez or gres) 
 griev'ous (grev'us) . 
 grimace' (gri-mas') 
 gri'my (grim'y) 
 gris'ly (griz'ly) 
 gris'tly (gris'ly) 
 groat (grat or grot) 
 grov'el (grov'^1) 
 guil'lotine' (n.) (gil'lo-ten') 
 guil'lotine' (y.) gil'16-ten') 
 gyves (jivz) 
 
 Hair (har) 
 half (haf) 
 
 hal'ibut (holl-but) 
 hap 'pen (hap'p'n) 
 har 'ass (har 'as) 
 hard 'en (harden) 
 ha 'rem (ha 'rem) 
 haugh'ty (ha'ty) 
 haunch (hanch) 
 haunt (hant) 
 ha'zel (ha'z'l) 
 hearths (harths) 
 heaths (heths) 
 heav'en (h6v"n) 
 hei'nous (ha'nus) 
 Hel'en (h6l'6n) 
 hered'itary (he-r6d'i-ta-ry) 
 her'oine (h6r'6-in) 
 hid'den (hid'd'n) 
 hirsute' (her-stit') 
 hog (hog) 
 hom'age (hom'aj) 
 homeop'athy (ho-me-6p'a- 
 
 thy) 
 ho'moge'neous (ho'mo-je'ne- 
 
 us) 
 hori'zon (ho-ri'zun) 
 hor'rid (hor'rid) 
 hor'ror (hor'rer) 
 hos'tage (hos'taj) 
 hot (hot) 
 hou'ri (hou'ri) 
 hov'el (hov'el) 
 hum'ble (hum'b'l) 
 
IJSr DICTIONARY WORK, 
 
 55 
 
 hurrah' (hur-ra') 
 hydrop'athy (hy-drop'a-thy) 
 hym'ning (him'mg or him- 
 
 nmg) 
 hy'phen (hi'fgn) 
 hypoc'risy (hi-p6k'ri-sy) 
 
 Ich'thyoPogy (Ik'thi-oPo-jy) 
 icon 'oolast (i-kon '6-klast) 
 ide'a (i-de'a) 
 i'dol (I'dol) 
 i'dyl (I'dil) 
 
 ignora'mus (Ig-no-ra'mtis) 
 im'itate (im'i-tat) 
 immer'sion (im-mer'shun) 
 im'miiient (im'mi-nent) 
 immo'bile (im-mo'bil) 
 imper'ative (im-per'a-tiv) 
 im 'pious (im'pi-us) 
 impla cable (im-pla'ka-b'l) 
 in'choate (in'ko-at) 
 inci'sive (m-sl'siv) 
 inci'sor (m-si'zer) 
 incom 'parable (in-kom 'pa- 
 , ra-b'l) 
 
 incur 'sion, (m-kur'shtin) 
 in'defaVigable ( in 'de-fat l-ga- 
 
 b'l) 
 In'dian (in'di-an or ind'yan) 
 indict' (in-dif) 
 indis 'putable (in-dis 'pu-ta-b'l) 
 in'dustry (in'dus-try) 
 
 in 'exhaust 'ible (in'6gz-ast1- 
 b'l) 
 
 inex 'orable (in-6ks '6r-a-b'l) 
 
 in'fiuence (in 'flu-ens) 
 
 inim'ical (in-!m'I-kal) 
 
 inim'itable (in-im'i-ta-b'l) 
 
 inqui'ry (in-kwir'y) 
 
 insid'ious (In-sld'I-tis) 
 
 in'stinct (n.) (in'stlnkt) 
 
 instinct' (a.) (m-stinkf) 
 
 in'stitute (in'sti-ttit) 
 
 in'tegral (in'te-gral) 
 
 in 'teresting (in 'ter-6st-ing) 
 
 in'terloc^utor (in'ter-lok /li- 
 ter) 
 
 intrigue' (In-treg') 
 
 intru'sive (In-tru'siv) 
 
 intu'itive (in-tu'i-tiv) 
 
 inure' (In-tir') 
 
 inva'sion (in-va'zhun) 
 
 ir'ides'cent (ir'i-d6s'sent) 
 
 i 'ronmon 'ger (i ^urn-mun 'ger) 
 
 i'rony {n,) (I'run-y) 
 
 i'rony (a.) (I'tirn-y) 
 
 irrec'onci'lable (ir-r6k'on-si'- 
 la-b'l) 
 
 irrefragable (lr-r6f'ra-ga-b'l) 
 
 ir'reme'diable (Ir're-me'di- 
 a-b'l) 
 
 irrep 'arable (ir-r6p'a-ra-b'l) 
 
 irrev'ocable (ir-r6v'6-ka-b'l) 
 
 ir'ritate (Ir'rI-tat) 
 
56 
 
 DRILL-BOOK 
 
 isoch'ronal (i-sok'ro-nal) 
 is'olate (I'so-lat or is'6-lat) 
 i'sola'tion (I'so-la'shun or is'6-) 
 i'sotlier'mal (I'so-ther'mal) 
 Ital'ic (i-tal'ik) 
 
 Jaguar (ja-gwar' or jag'war) 
 jaun'dice (jan'dis) 
 jaunt (jant) 
 jauntily (jan'ti-ly) 
 jave'lin (jav'lin) 
 joust (just) 
 
 joy (joi) 
 
 ju'gular (ju'gu-ler) 
 
 jus 'tifi 'able (jus'ti-fl'a-b'l) 
 
 ju'venile (ju've-nll) 
 
 Kalei'doscope (ka-li'do-skop) 
 ken'nel (k6n'n6l) 
 ker'nel (ker'ngl) 
 kitch'en (kich'gn) 
 
 Lad'en (lad'^n) 
 
 lair (lar) 
 
 iam'entable (lam'6n-ta-b'l) 
 
 lapel' (la-p6l') 
 
 lar'ynx (lar'inks) 
 
 la'tent (la'tent) 
 
 laths (lathz) 
 
 Lat'in (lat'in) 
 
 laud (lad) 
 
 launch (lanch) 
 
 laun'dry (lan'dry) 
 
 lau'rel (la'rgl) 
 
 laws (laz) 
 
 lead'en (l6d"n) 
 
 learned (v.) (lernd) 
 
 learn'ed (a.) (lern'gd) 
 
 leg'ate (l6g'at) 
 
 leg'islative (l6j 'is-la-ti v) 
 
 leg'isla'ture (l6j 'is-la'tur) 
 
 lei 'sure (le'zhur) 
 
 length (length) 
 
 length'en (Igngth'^n) 
 
 le'nient (le'ni-ent or len'yent) 
 
 len'til (Ign'til) 
 
 lep'er (Igp'er) 
 
 les'son (Igs's'n) 
 
 lev 'el (I6v'6l) 
 
 li'bel (ll'bel) 
 
 li'chen (li'kgn) 
 
 lic'orice (lik'6-r!s) 
 
 lief (lef) 
 
 lind'en (lln'den) 
 
 lin'en (lln'6n) 
 
 lithe (lith) 
 
 loath (loth) 
 
 loathe (loth) 
 
 lo'co-fo'co (lo'ko-fo'ko) 
 
 lord (lord) 
 
 low'er, to lower (lo'gr) 
 
 low'er, to darken (lou'gr) 
 
 low'ered (lo'erd) 
 
 low'ered (lou'Srd) 
 
m DICTIONARY WORK. 
 
 57 
 
 lu'cid (Iti'sid) 
 lu'nacy (lu'na-sy) 
 luxu'rious (lugz-u'rl-us or 
 
 luks-) 
 lyce'um (li-se'iiin) 
 
 Ma'bel (ma'b6l) 
 
 mach 'inaction (mak'i-na'- 
 
 shtin) 
 mad'den (mad'd'n) 
 mael'strom (mal 'strum) 
 mag'azine' (mag'a-zen') 
 ma'gi (nia'jl) 
 Mag'na Char'ta (mag'na 
 
 kar'ta) 
 magne'sia (mag-ne'zhi-a or 
 
 -shi-a) 
 main'tenance (man'te-nans) 
 mal 'content' (mal'kon-tgnt') 
 mall, a public walk (mall) 
 mall, a maul (mal) 
 mamma' (ma-ma' or ma'ma) 
 manda'mus (mSn-da'mus) 
 man'darin' (man'da-ren') 
 manege' (ma-nazh') 
 manes (manz) 
 ma'nes (ma'nez) 
 man'ganese' (man'ga-nes') 
 man'gy (man'jy) 
 man'sion (man'shun) 
 man'tel (man't'l) 
 mar'igold (mar'i-gold) 
 
 mar'itime (mar'i-tim) 
 mar 'ten (mar'tgn) 
 mar'tinet' (mar'ti-n6t') 
 mar'vel (mar'vgl) 
 mas'culine (mas'ku-lln) 
 ma'son (ma's'n) 
 mas'sacre (mas'sa-ker) 
 mas 'sacred (-kerd) 
 mas'sacring (-krlng) 
 mat 'in (mat 'in) 
 ma'tron (ma'trun) 
 ma'tronly (ma'trun-ly) 
 mau'sole'um (ma'so-le^um) 
 mauve (mov) 
 meas'ure (mgzh'ur) 
 med'icative (m6d'i-ka-tiv) 
 medic'inal (me-dis'i-nal) 
 med'icine (m6d'i-sin) 
 me^dio'cre (mg'di-o'ker) 
 me'dioc 'rity (me'di-ok 'ri-ty) 
 mem'oir (mgm'wor or mem'-) 
 men'sura'tion (m6n'shu-ra'- 
 
 shun) 
 mer'cantile (mer'kan-til) 
 mes'dames' (Fr. ma'dam'; E. 
 
 mSz'damz) 
 mes'sieurs (mgsh'yerz ; Fr. 
 
 ma'syg^) 
 met'al (mgt'al or m6t"l) 
 met'allur 'gic (mgt'al-lur 'j!k) 
 met'amor^phosis (m6t'a-m6r'- 
 
 fo-sls) 
 
58 
 
 DRILL-BOOK 
 
 metemp'sycho'sis (me-t6mp'- 
 
 si-ko 's!s) 
 mettle (met't'l) 
 minu'tiae (mi-nu'slii-e) 
 mir'acle (mir'a-k'l) 
 mi 'rage' (me'razh') 
 mis'cellany (mis'sel-la-ny) • 
 mis'chief (mis'chif) 
 mis'chievous (mis'cbe-vus) 
 miscon'strue (mis-kon'stru) 
 mispris'ion (mis-prizh'un) 
 mis'sile (mis'sll) 
 mis'sion (misli'dn) 
 mis'tletoe (miz"l-to) 
 mit'ten (mit'tgn) 
 mo'bile (mo'bil) 
 mob'ilize (mob'I-liz) 
 moc'casin (mok'ka-sm) 
 mod'el (mod'gl) 
 mol'ecule (mol'e-kul) 
 mon'ad (mon'ad) 
 Mon'gol (mon'gol) 
 mon'grel (mun'grgl) 
 mor'al (mor'al) 
 morn (morn) 
 mor'sel (m6r's6l) 
 mor'tal (mor'tal) 
 moths (mothz) 
 moiin'tain (moun'tin) 
 moun'tainous (moun'tm-us) 
 mourn (morn) 
 mouths (mouthz) 
 
 mu'cilage (mu'si-laj) 
 mus'covy (mus'ko-vy) 
 muse'um (mu-ze'um) 
 mus'sel (musVl) 
 mustache' (mus-tash') 
 mut'ton (mut't'n) 
 myths (miths) 
 mythol'ogy (mi-thol'o-jy) 
 
 Na'iad (na'y^d) 
 na'ive' (na'ev') 
 native 'ly (na'ev'ly) 
 na'ive'te' (na'^v'ta') 
 nape (nap) 
 na'sal (na'zal) 
 na'tal (na'tal) 
 na'tion (na'shun) 
 na'tional (nash'un-al) 
 na'tive (na'tiv) 
 nat'uraliza'tion (nat'u-ral-i- 
 
 za'shun) 
 naught (nat) 
 naugh'ty (na'ty) 
 nau'seous (na'shus) 
 nec'essarily (n6s'6s-sa-ri-ly) 
 ne'er (nar or nar) 
 negligee' (ngg'li-zha'j Fr. 
 
 na'gle'zha') 
 nep'otism (ngp'o-tiz'm) 
 nes'tle (n6s"l) 
 neural 'gia (nu-ral'ji-a) 
 neu'ter (nu'ter) 
 
IN DICTIONARY WORK. 
 
 59 
 
 neu'tral (nu'tral) 
 
 new (nti) 
 
 news 'pa'per (nuz 'pa'pgr) 
 
 niche (nich) 
 
 nick'el (nik'el) 
 
 noi'some (noi'sum) 
 
 nom'ad (nom'ad) 
 
 no'mencla'ture (no ^men-kla'- 
 
 tur) 
 non'cha'lance' (noN'sha-' 
 
 laisrsO 
 none (ntin) 
 
 non'pareil' (non'pa-r6l') 
 nook (nook) 
 not (not) 
 
 no'tori'ety (no'to-rl'e-ty) 
 nov'el (nov'el) 
 nui'sance (nu'sans) 
 nu'meral (nu'mer-al) 
 nup'tial (nup'shal) 
 
 Oak'um (ok'um) 
 o'asis (o'a-sis or 6-a'sis) 
 oaths (othz) 
 obe'dience (6-be'dI-ens) 
 ob'ligatory (6b'li-ga-to-ry) 
 ob'sequies (ob'se-kwiz) 
 ob'stacle (ob'sta-k'l) 
 obtru'sive (6b-tru'siv) 
 Od'yssey (od'is-sy) 
 of (ov) 
 off (6^ 
 
 offer (of'fgr) 
 
 office (of 'fis) 
 
 often (of 'n) 
 
 o'men (o'mgn) 
 
 on (on) 
 
 once (wiins) 
 
 o'nyx (6 'niks or on'iks) 
 
 o'pen (o'p'n) 
 
 oppo'nent (op-po'nent) 
 
 op'portune' (op'por-tiin^) 
 
 or (or) 
 
 o'racle (or'a-k'l) 
 
 o'ral (6'ral) 
 
 or'ange (6r'6nj) 
 
 orang '-outang ' (o-rS-ng f- 
 
 oo-tang') 
 or'chestra (or'k6s-tra) 
 or 'deal (6r'de-al) 
 or'dinarily (or'di-na-ri-ly) 
 or 'ganiza 'tion (or 'gan-i-za '- 
 
 shtin) 
 or'gies (or'jlz) 
 or'ifice (or'i-fis) 
 or 'i gin (or'i-jm) 
 or 'is on (or'i-zun) 
 or'nament (or'na-ment) 
 ornate' (or-naf) 
 o 'rotund' (o 'ro-tund') 
 or'thoepy (or'tho-e-py) 
 ought (at) 
 ox'ide (oks'id or-id) 
 o'zone (o'zon or 6-zon') 
 
60 
 
 DRILL-BOOK 
 
 Pair (par) 
 
 pall'-malP (p6l'-m6N) 
 palm (pam) 
 pal'mated (pal'ma-t6d) 
 palm'er (pam'er) 
 pan 'cake' (pan'kak') 
 pan'creas (pan'kre-as) 
 pan 'egyr 'ic (pan'e-jir 'ik) 
 pan'el (pan'61) 
 pan'tomime (pan'to-mim) 
 papa' (pa-pa' or pa'pa) 
 papaw' (pa-pa') 
 papy'rus (pa-pl'ras) 
 par'asol' (p^r'a-sol') 
 par'cel (par's6l or -sel) 
 par'don (par'd'n) 
 par'egor^ic (pSr'e-gor^k) 
 par'ent (par'ent or par'ent) 
 pa'riah (pa'ri-a) 
 pari'etal (pa-ri'e-tal) 
 Paris 'ian (pa-rizh'an) 
 paro'chial (pa-ro'ki-al) 
 parot'id (pa-rot'id) 
 parquet' (par-ka' or -k6t') 
 pa'thos (pa'thos) 
 pa'tron (pa'trun) 
 pat'ronage (pat'run-aj) 
 ped'agog'ical(p6d'a-goj ^-kal) 
 ped'ago'gy (p6d'a-go'jy) 
 pedun'cle^ (pe-dtin'k'l) 
 pen'tagon (p6n'ta-gon) 
 pe'ony (pe'6-ny) 
 
 per'adven'ture (p6r'ad-v6n^- 
 
 tur) 
 per'emptorily (p6r'6nip-t6- 
 
 ri-ly) 
 perfid'ious (per-fid'i-us) 
 per'il (pgr'il) 
 per'manent (per'ma-nent) 
 persist'ent (per-sist'ent) 
 per'son (per's'n) 
 per'sonage (per'sun-aj) 
 per'sonal (per'sun-ai) 
 per'sonate (per'sun-at) 
 persua'sive (per-swa'siv) 
 pet'it (pet'y ; Fr. pe-te') 
 phar'maceu'tic (far'ma- 
 
 sti'tik) 
 philan'thropy (fi-lan'thro-py) 
 Philis'tine (fi-lis'tin) 
 philol'ogy (fi-lol'6-jy) 
 philos'ophy (fi-l6s'6-fy) 
 phys'iog'nomy (fiz'i-og'no- 
 
 my) 
 piaz'za (pi-az'za) 
 pique (pSk) 
 pi 'que' (pe'ka') 
 pis'til (pis'til) 
 placard' (pla-kard' or plak'- 
 
 ard) 
 pla'giarism (pla'ja-riz'm or 
 
 pla'ji-a-) 
 plait (plat) 
 plateau' (pla-to*^ 
 
IN DICTIONARY WORK. 
 
 61 
 
 plebe'ian (ple-be'yan) 
 pie 'nary (ple'na-ry) 
 plov'er (pluv'er) 
 po'em (po'gm) 
 poign'ant (poin'ant) 
 poi'son (poi'z'n) 
 police' (p6-les') 
 pol'len (pol'lgn) 
 po'lonaise' (a.) (p6'16-naz') 
 po'lonaise' (n.) (po'lo-naz^) 
 pol'ygon (pol'i-gon) 
 pom 'm el (pum'mgl) 
 pon'iard (pon'yerd) 
 por'celain (por'se-lln) 
 por'cine (por'sTn) 
 por 'poise (por'pus) 
 por'tion (por 'shun) 
 por 'trait (por'trat) 
 prai'rie (pra'ri) 
 prayer (prar) 
 pray'er (pra'er) 
 preced'ence (pre-sed'ens) 
 prec'edent (ii.) (pres'e-dent) 
 preced'ent (a.) (pre-sed'ent) 
 precise' (pre-sis') 
 precise 'ly (pre-sls'ly) 
 preco'cious (pre-ko'shus) 
 precoc'ity (pre-kos'i-ty) 
 pred'icate {n.) (pred'i-kat) 
 pred'icate (v,) (pr6d'i-kat) 
 pre 'science (pre'shi-ens or 
 -shens) 
 
 pre 'sclent (pre'shl-ent or 
 
 -shent) 
 presen'timent (pre-sen'tl- 
 
 ment) 
 present 'ment (pre-z6nt'- 
 
 ment) 
 pretense' (pre-t6ns') 
 pret'ty (prit'ty) 
 preven'tive (pre-v6nt1v) 
 pri'ma don'na (pre 'ma 
 
 don'na) 
 pri'ma fa'cie (pri'ma fa'sh!-e) 
 pri'mary (pri'ma-ry) 
 prime 'val (pri-me'val) 
 pris'on (priz"n) 
 pris'tine (pris'tin) 
 priv'ative (priv'a-tiv) 
 prob'ity (prob'i-ty) 
 proc'ess (pros '6s) 
 produce' {v.) (pro-dus') 
 prod'uce (n.) (prod 'tis) 
 profuse' (a.) (pro-ftis') 
 progress' (v.) (pr6-gr6s') 
 prog'ress (n.) (prog'rgs) 
 project' (v.) (pr6-j6kt') 
 proj'ect (n.) (proj'gkt) 
 prolix' (pro-liks' or pro'liks) 
 pro'logue (pro 'log) 
 pronun'cia'tion (pro-nun 'sl- 
 
 a'shun or -shl-a'shun) 
 proph'ecy (prof'e-sy) 
 proph'esy (prof'e-si) 
 
62 
 
 DRILL-BOOK 
 
 propi'tia'tion (pro-plsh'I-a'- 
 
 sMn) 
 pro 'te 'ge ' (pro 'ta 'zha ') 
 prov'en (proov^n) 
 psalm (sam) 
 psal'mody (sal'mo-dy or sam'- 
 
 6-dy) 
 psal'ter (sal'ter) 
 pseu'do (su'do) 
 Psy'che (si'ke) 
 pugh (poo) 
 pump 'kin (pumpQiln) 
 put {v.) (put) 
 put (71.) (put) 
 pylo'rus (pi-lo'rus) 
 pyram'idal (pi-r^m 'i-dal) 
 pyri'tes (pi-ri'tez) 
 py'thon (pi'thon) 
 
 Quad 'ruple (k wod 'ru-p'l) 
 qualms (kwamz) 
 quar'antine (n.) (kwor'an- 
 
 ten) 
 quar'antine' (v,) (kwor'an- 
 
 ten/) 
 quash (kwosh) 
 quer'ulous (kwer'u-lus) 
 ques'tion (kwes'chtin) 
 qui 'nine (kwi'nin or kwi-nin' 
 
 or kwi-nen') 
 quo'ta (kwo'ta) 
 quo'tient (kwo'shent) 
 
 Eail'lery (ral'ler-y or ral'-) 
 
 rai'sin (ra'z'n) 
 
 rap'ine (rap 'in) 
 
 rare (rar) 
 
 ra'tioc 'inate (rash '1-0 s 'i-nat) 
 
 ra'tioc'ina'tion (rash'i-osi- 
 
 na'shun) 
 ra'tional (rash'un-al) 
 rav'el (rav"l) 
 ra'ven (n.) (ra'v'n) 
 rav'en (v.) (rav'^n) 
 ravine' (ra-ven') 
 re'al (re'al) 
 re 'ally (re'al-ly) 
 rea'son (re'z'n) 
 reb'el (n.) (r6b'6l) 
 rebel' {v.) (re-b6l') 
 recess' (re-s6s') 
 rec'itative' (r6s'i-ta-tev') 
 reck'on (r6k"n) 
 recon'noissance (re-kon'nis- 
 
 sans) 
 rec'onnoi'ter (rek '6n-noi 'ter) 
 recourse' (re-kors') 
 rec'rea 'tion (r6k 're-a 'shun) 
 refuse' {v.) (re-ftiz') 
 refuse (n.) (r6f 'us) 
 refut'able (re-ftit'a-b'l) 
 re'gime' (ra'zhem') 
 reme'diable (re-me'di-a-b'l) 
 ren'dezvous (r6n'de-voo or 
 
 rax'-) 
 
IJY DICTIONARY WORK. 
 
 63 
 
 reprint' (v.) (re-prinf) 
 re 'print' (n.) (re 'print') 
 rep'tile (rgp'til) 
 research'es (re-serch'ez) 
 res'igna'tion (rez'ig-na'shun) 
 res 'in (rgz'm) 
 resource' (re-sors') 
 respir'able (re-spir'a-b'l or 
 
 r6s'pi-ra-b'l) 
 re'su'me' (ra'zu'ma') 
 resume' (re-zum') 
 re 'tail {n.) (re'tal) 
 retail' (v.) (re-tal') 
 re veil 'le (r6-val'ya) 
 rev'el (rgv'el) 
 rev'elry (rev'el-ry) 
 rev'erie (r6v'er-i or r6v'er-e') 
 rev'ery (r6v'er-y) 
 rev'ocable (rev'6-ka-b'l) 
 rid'den (rid"n) 
 rip 'en (rlp"n) 
 rise (v.) (riz) 
 rise (n.) (ris or riz) 
 ris'en (riz"n) 
 rob (rob) 
 robust' (ro-busf) 
 role (rol) 
 
 romance' (ro-m^ns') 
 roof (roof) 
 rook (rook) 
 root (root) 
 rot (rot) 
 
 routine' (roo-ten') 
 row'en (rou'gn) 
 rule (rul) 
 
 Sab'aoth (sab'a-oth or sa-ba'- 
 
 6th) 
 sac'rament (s^k'ra-ment) 
 sac'rifice (s^k'ri-fiz) 
 sac'rilege (sak'ri-lgj) 
 sac'rile'gious (sak'ri-le'jus) 
 sad'den (sad'd'n) 
 saga'cious (sa-ga'shus) 
 salaam' (sa-lam') 
 sal'ic (sal'ik) 
 sa'line (sa'lin or sa-lin') 
 salm'on (s^m'un) 
 sa'lon' (sa'loN') 
 sal'utary (sal'u-ta-ry) 
 salve (sav) 
 sal'ver (sal'ver) 
 san'guine (sS-n'gwin) 
 Sap'phic (saf 'ik) 
 Sar'acen (s^r'a-sgn) 
 sarce'net (sars'ngt) 
 sar'dine (sar'den or sar-den') 
 sar'dine (sar'din or -dm) 
 sar'saparil 'la (sar'sa-pa-r!l 'la) 
 sat'in (sat'in) 
 sat'ire (sS-t'ir) 
 sat'irist (sat'er-ist) 
 Sat'urn (sat'urn) 
 sa'tyr (sa'ter) 
 
64 
 
 DRILL-BOOK 
 
 saun'ter (san'tgr) 
 
 sa'vant' (saVax') 
 
 scald (v. and n. = burn) (skald) 
 
 scald (n. = a poet) (skald or 
 
 scalene' (ska-len') [skald) 
 
 seal 'lop (skol'lup) 
 
 schism (siz'm) 
 
 sciat'ica (si-at'i-ka) 
 
 scoff (skof) 
 
 scold (skold) 
 
 scourge (skurj) 
 
 scrive'ner (skriv'ner or 
 
 skriv'^n-er) 
 scru'pulous (skru'pu-lus) 
 se'ance' (sa'aNs') 
 sea'son (se'z'n) 
 sec'retary (s6k're-ta-ry) 
 sed'entary (s6d'6n-ta-ry) 
 semes'ter (se-m6s'ter) 
 sen'eschal (sSn'g-shal) 
 se'nile (se'nil) 
 sen'na (s6n'na) 
 sep'ulture (s6p'ul-tur) 
 ser'aph (sSr'af) 
 ser'pentine (ser'p6n-tin) 
 serv'ile (serv'il) 
 sev'en (s6v"n) 
 sew'er (su'gr) 
 sew'er (so'gr) 
 shak'en (shaken) 
 sheaths (sheths) 
 shek'el (sh6k"l) 
 
 shov'el (shuv'^l) 
 
 shrank (shrank) 
 
 shrew (shru) 
 
 shriek (shrek) 
 
 shrine (shrin) 
 
 shroud (shroud) 
 
 shrub (shrub) 
 
 shrug (shrug) 
 
 sice (siz or sis) 
 
 sies'ta (se-es'ta) 
 
 sil'houette' (sil'do-6t' or 
 
 siPoo-6t') 
 silk'en (silk"n) 
 sim'ilar (sini'i-lgr) 
 siin'ony (sim'6-ny) 
 simoom' (si-moom') 
 si'multa'neous (si'mul-ta'ne- 
 
 us) 
 si'necure (sl'ne-ktir) 
 sir'up (sir'up) 
 skel'eton (skgl'e-tun) 
 slid'den (slid'd'n) 
 slob'ber (slob'ber) 
 slough (n.) (slou) 
 slough (v.) (sltif) 
 sobri'ety (s6-bri'e-ty) 
 so'bri'quet' (so'bre'ka') 
 soci'ety (s6-si'e-ty) 
 soft (soft) 
 
 soi'-di'sant' (swa'de'z^N') 
 soi'ree' (swa'ra') 
 so'journ (so' j urn or s6-jurn') 
 
 i 
 
IN DICTIONARY WORK. 
 
 65 
 
 sol'emn (sol'gm) 
 solu'tion (so-lu'shun) 
 soot (soot or soot) 
 sough'ing (suf ing) 
 sought (sat) 
 sou'venir' (sooVe-ner' or 
 
 soov'ner) 
 sov'ereign (suv'er-in or sov'-) 
 spav'in (spav'm) 
 spe'cious (spe'shus) 
 sper'mace^ti (sper'ma-se'ti) 
 spher'ical (sf6r'i-kal) 
 spher'ule (sfgr'ule or -ul) 
 spin 'age (spin'aj) 
 spo'ken (spo'k'n) 
 spo'lia'tion (spo'li-a'shun) 
 spoon (spoon)* 
 squal'id (skwol'id) 
 squa'lor (skwa'lor) 
 stare (star) 
 stol'en (stolen) 
 stro'phe (stro'fe) 
 stupen'dous (stu-p6n'dus) 
 stu'pid (stu'pid) 
 sub'ject (n.) (sub'jgkt) 
 subject' {v.) (sub-jekf) 
 sub'limate (y.) (sub'li-mat) 
 sub'limate (n.) (sub'li-mat) 
 sub'lunary (sub'lu-na-ry) 
 subpoe'na (sub-pe'na) 
 sub'tile (sub'til or sut"l) 
 sub'tle (sut"l) 
 
 succumb' (suk-kiim' or 
 
 -kumb') 
 sud'den (siid'dgn) 
 suffice' (suf-fiz') 
 suggest' (sug-jesf or sud-j6st') 
 suit (sut) 
 suite (swet) 
 sul'len (sul'len) 
 su'mac (su'mak or shu'mak) 
 su'pererog'atory (sti'per-e- 
 
 rog 'a-to-ry) 
 supe'rior (su-pe'ri-er) 
 su'pine {n.) (su'pin) 
 supine' (a.) (su-pin') 
 sup'ple (sup'p'l) 
 su p'posi 'tion (sup'po-zish 'tin) 
 survey' (v.)' (sur-va') 
 sur'vey {n.) (sur'va or sur-va') 
 su'ture (su'tur) ^ 
 
 swarth'y (swarth'y)/^ 
 swear (swar) 
 swiv'el (swiv"l) 
 swoll'en (swol"n) 
 syn'chronous (sm'kro-nus) 
 syn'cope (sm'ko-pe) 
 sys'tole (sls'to-le) 
 
 Tab'ernacle (tab'er-na-k'l) 
 
 tak'en (tak"n) 
 
 talc (talc) 
 
 talk (tak) 
 
 tam'bourine' (tarn 'boor-en 
 
66 
 
 DRILL-BOOK 
 
 tap'estiy (tap'6s-try) 
 ta'pis (ta'pis or ta-pe') 
 tarpau'lin (tar-pa'lln) 
 tas'sel (tas's'l) 
 taught (tat) 
 tena'cioiis (te-na'shus) 
 ten'et (t6n'6t) 
 tete'a-tete' (tat'a-taf) 
 teuton'ic (tu-ton'ik) 
 the'ater (the'a-ter) 
 their (thar) 
 the'ories (the'6-r!z) 
 thith'er (thith'er) 
 thought (that) 
 three 'penny (thr!p'en-ny) 
 thresh'old (thrgsh'old) 
 tia'ra (ti-a'ra) 
 tin'sel (tin's6l) 
 ti'ny (tl'ny) 
 tirade' (tl-rad') 
 tobac'co (to-bak'ko) 
 toma'to (to-ma'to or to-ma'- 
 , to) 
 
 tontine' (ton-ten') 
 tortoise (tor'tis or -tus) 
 tour'nament (toor'na-ment or 
 
 tur'-) 
 to 'ward (to'erd) 
 tow'el (tou'61) 
 tra'chea (tra'ke-a) 
 traduce' (tra-dus') 
 trag'acanth (trag'a-kanth) 
 
 trance (trans) 
 
 tran'quil (tran'kwil) 
 
 tranquility (tran-kwil'li-ty) 
 
 transac'tion (tr^ns-ak'shun) 
 
 transla'tion (trans-la'shun) 
 
 transpar'ent (trans-par'ent) 
 
 trav'el (trav'6l) 
 
 trav'erse (tr^v'ers) 
 
 trea'son (tre'z'n) 
 
 trib'une (trib'un) 
 
 tri'lobite (trl'16-blt) 
 
 tri'pod (tri'pod) 
 
 tro'che (tro'ke) 
 
 tro'chee (tro'ke) 
 
 tro'phy (tro'fy) 
 
 troth (troth) 
 
 trou'badour' (troo'bSrdoor') 
 
 trough (trof) 
 
 trous'seau^ (troo'so^) 
 
 trow (tro) 
 
 tru'culent (tru'ku-lent) 
 
 tune (tun) 
 
 tur'gid (tur'jid) 
 
 tym'panum (tim'pa-num) 
 
 tyran'nic (ti-ran'nik) 
 
 tyr'anny (tir'an-ny) 
 
 Un'cle (un'k'l) 
 un 'dress {n,) (un'drgs) 
 undress' (v.) (un-dr6s') 
 unique' (u-nek') 
 u'nison (ti'nl-siin) 
 
IN DICTWNAJtY WORK-' 
 
 67 
 
 unnec'essarily (un-ngs'gs-sa- 
 
 ri-ly) 
 U'ranus (ti'ra-nus) 
 us 'age (tiz'aj) 
 usu'rious (u-zhu'rl-us) 
 usurp' (u-zurp') 
 uxo*i*ious (uks-6'ri-us) 
 
 Vac'cine (vak'sin or -sin) 
 vaga'ry (va-ga'ry) 
 valise' (va-les') 
 va'riega'ted (va'ri-e-ga't6d) 
 va'ry (va'ry) 
 ve'hement (ve'he-ment) 
 ve'nial (ve'ni-al) 
 ven'ison (v6n'i-z'n or vgn'z'n) 
 vera'cious (ve-ra'shus) 
 ves'sel (v6s's6l) 
 vic'ar (vik'er) 
 vi'ce (prep.) (-vl'se) 
 . vict'uals (vitr'z) 
 vig'il (vij'il) 
 vignette' (vin-ygf or vm'- 
 
 yet) 
 
 vin'culum (vm'ku-lum) 
 vi'olent (vl'6-lent) 
 vira'go (vi-ra'go) 
 virtu' (vir-too' or ver'too) 
 vir'ulent (vir'u-lent) 
 vise' (ve-za') 
 
 viz'ier (viz'yer or vi-zer') 
 voy'age (voi'aj) 
 
 Wad'y (wod'y) 
 
 waft (waft) 
 
 wak'en (wak"n) 
 
 Walla'chian (wol-la'ki-an) 
 
 wan (won) 
 
 want (want) 
 
 war (war) 
 
 ward'en (ward"n) 
 
 warm (warm) 
 
 was (woz) 
 
 wa'ter (wa'ter) 
 
 weap'on (wgp'un) 
 
 wear (war) 
 
 wea'sel (we'z'l) 
 
 wee'vil (we'v'l) 
 
 were (wer) 
 
 what (hwot) 
 
 where (hwar) 
 
 wid'en (wid"n) 
 
 wise'acre (wiz'a-kgr) 
 
 worn 'an (woom'an) 
 
 wom'en (wim'gn) 
 
 won (wun) 
 
 wont (wunt) 
 
 won't (wont) 
 
 wood'en (wood'^n) 
 
 wool'gn (wool'gn) 
 
 wore (wor) 
 
 worn (worn) 
 
 worst'ed (wurst'gd) 
 
 worst'ed (wust'gd or wur'stgd) 
 
 wov'en (wov"n) 
 
68 
 
 WILIr-EOOK IN. DICTIONARY WORK. 
 
 wraiths (raths) 
 wratli (rath) 
 wreaths (rethz) 
 wrist'band (rlst'band) 
 writ'ten (rlfn) 
 wrong (rong) 
 wrought (rat) 
 
 Yacht (yot) 
 
 yolk (yolk or yok) 
 
 youths (tiths) 
 
 Ze'bra (ze'bra) 
 zool'ogy (z6-ol'6-jy) 
 zouave (zwav or zoo-^v') 
 
 Typography cy J. S, Gushing & Co.. Norwood, Mass. U.S.A. 
 
 J 
 
H*^ <^' 
 
 
 uu» 
 
 ^ 16 m 
 
2J^ 
 
 
 VB 02752 -'^^ 
 
 
 
 ^SSIIjnirs^rjj^^ 
 
 346543 
 
 UNIVERSITY OF CAUFORNIA LIBRARY 
 
 y 
 
 y