FRM'JH LANGUAGE.
il and Easy Method
O.F LEARNING THF
BY
Dr. P. HKNN.
FIUST COT-iSb.
NEW VORT
E. STEIGER & CO.
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA
FROM THE LIBRARY OF
PROFESSOR FELICIEN VICTOR FACET
BY BEQUEST OF MADAME FACET
NO.
\
STEIGER'S French Series.
AHN'S
Practical and Easy Method
OP LEARNING THE
FRENCH LANGUAGE.
BY
Dr. P. HENN.
First Course.
OF THE
UWVERSITV
NEW YORK:
E. STEIGER & CO.
NOTE.
The excellence of ANN'S Practical and Easy Method of
Learning the French Language, both as a guide for beginners,
and as a manual for teachers, is allowed on all hands. Still,
there i. not an edition of this book extant, in which greater
or less deficiencies do not occur. A due regard to the educa-
tional requirements of our time and country, has induced the *
publisher to issue this new edition, containing a funda-
mental Treatise on French pronunciation, com-
plete Paradigms of Declensions and Conjugations in so
far as they occur in the book itself, and full and accurate
Vocabularies of both the French and English words used
in the exercises.
For the convenience of teachers and private learners, a
Key to the Exercises has been issued.
The publisher trusts that these important improvements,
whilst making this edition of AHN'S Method more serviceable
to both pupil and teacher, will, at the same time, render the
acquisition of French a short and attractive task.
NEW YORK, August 1873.
Entered, according to Act of Congress, in the year 1673, by
B. Steiger,
in the Office of the Librarian of Congress, at Washington.
E. STEIGER, NEW YORK,
Printer and Electro*yoer ,
TABLE OF CONTENTS.
A SHORT GUIDE to FRENCH PRONUNCIATION.
Page
) . The Alphabet vn
2. Vowels vm
3. Consonants xn
4. Some Exceptions and Difficulties xv
5. Connection of Word* xvi
FIRST PART.
French and English Exercises.
1. 2. Definite Article le, la 1
3. 4. The Adjective bon, bonne 1
5. 6. Possessive Pronoun mon, ma ]
7. 8. Indefinite Article un, une 2
9. 10. Possessive Pronoun ton, ta 2
11.12. Feminine of Adjectives. General Rule: add e to the Masculine 2
13. 14. Indicative Present; first and second persons singular of avoir 3
15. 16. Indicative Present; first person plural of avoir 3
17. 18. Indicative Present; second person plural of avoir; Past Participle with
avoir 3
19. 20. Possessive Pronouns notre, votre 4
21. 22. Personal Pronoun il, elle 4
23. 24. Relative Pronoun, Nominative qui, Accusative que 5
25. 26. Recapitulation; use of the word ' 'did ' ' for the Perfect Indefinite in French 5
27. 28. Demonstrative Pronoun ce, cet, cette 6
29. 30. Recapitulation 6
III
134762
IT
Page
31. 32. Possessive Pronouns continued; son, sa , 7
33. 34. Possessive Case of Nouns 8
35. 36. Preposition a. Idiom je pense a .' 8
37. 38. Omission of e and a in the Article le, la, before a vowel or silent h;
Adjectives of the same termination in both genders 9
39. 40. Formation of the Feminine of Nouns. General rule: add e to the
Masculine 10
41. 42. Comparative of Adjectives. Possessive Pronoun le mien, la mienne 10
43. 44. Adjectives of the same termination in both genders 12
45. 46. Demonstrative Pronoun celni, celle 12
47. 48. Names of Persons; a, to, at, in 13
49. 50. Plural of the Article, Nouns, and Adjectives. General rule: add s to
the Singular 14
51. 52. Cardinal Numbers. Names of the months. The Impersonal Verb il y a 15
53. 54. Plural of the Possessive Pronouns mon, ma; le mien, la mienne,
and of the Personal Pronoun il, elle 17
55. 56. Plural of the Possessive Pronouns notre, votre; le notre, le votre. . 18
57. 58. Plural of the Demonstrative Pronoun ce, cet, oette 18
59. 60. Adjective tout, toute 19
61. 62. Use of de la and & la before Feminine Nouns, and of de 1' and a 1'
before Masculine or Feminine Nouns beginning with a vowel or
siknt h 20
63. 64. Use of da and au before Masculine Nouns 21
65. 66. The Plural of au, a la, a 1' and of du, de la, de 1* 22
67. 68. Adverbs of Quantity and Number, pen, beancoup <fec 23
69. 70. The same subject 24
71. 72. Nouns of Weight, Measure, and Number 25
73. 74. Plural of Nouns ending in eau, en 26
75. 76. Plural of Nouns ending in al, ail 26
7f . 78. Partitive Article dn, de la, des; theuseof chez 27
79. 80. The Expressions voici, voila. Partitive Article continued 28
81. 82. Superlative of Adjectives 29
83. 84. Plural of the Demonstrative Pronouns oelni, celle and of celni-ci,
celni-la 30
85. 86. Possessive Pronouns lenr and le lenr, Singular and Plural 32
87. 88. Ordinal Numbers. Days of the week 32
89. 90. Interrogative Pronoun qni, de qni, a qni, ponr qui ? 33
91. 92. Titles of respect, monsienr fcc 35
Page
93. 94. fndicativ* Present qf &xe , 86
95. 96. Indicative Imperfect of etre. Feminine of Adjective* *n x. Ad-
verbs of time 37
97. 98. Indicative Imperfect of avoir 38
99. 100. Perfect Indefinite j'ai pris 39
101. 102. Perfect Indefinite continued, j'ai et; Indefinite Pronoun on 40
103. 104. Indicative Present of etre and avoir used negatively 41
105. 106- Adjectives forming their Feminine irregularly. Negative expressions 42
107. 108. Adjectives forming their Feminine irregularly, continued 43
109. 110. Interrogative Pronoun quel, asking time, age Sfc 44
111. 112. Indicative Imperfect of etre and avoir used negatively. Participles
used with etre 45
113. 114. Compound Tenses used negatively. Negative expressions personne-
ne, rien-ne; modes of expressing past time. 46
115. 116. Indicative Present and Compound Tenses used interrogatively and
negatively 48
117. 118. Indicative Future of etre and avoir . . 49
119. 120. Conditional of etre and avoir 50
121. 122. Interrogitive sentences 51
123. 124. Indicative Present of parler 52
125. 126. Indicative Imperfect of parler 54
127. 128. Indicative Future and Conditional of parler 55
129. 130. Recapitulatory exercises on verbs conjugated like parler 56
131. 132. The same subject 57
133. 134. Indicative Present of finir 58
135. 136. Indicative Imperfect of finir 59
137. 138. Indicative Future and Conditional of fmjr 60
139. 140. Indicative Present of vendre 61
141. 142. Exercises on verbs conjugated like vendre 62
143. 144. Indicative Imperfect of vendre 63
145. 146. Indicative Future and Conditional of vendre 64
147. 148. Conjugation of verbs like lever, appeler, Jeter 65
149. 150. Verbs in erer as preferer 66
151. 152. Verbs in yer at employer 68
153. 154. Verbs in cer and ger, as placer, manger 69
155. 156. Disjunctive Personal Pronouns moi, toi, lui, elle 71
157- 158. Accusative and Dative of Personal Pronouns 72
159- 160. The saw tubject ,,,..,,... 73
YI
Fft*
161. 162. Accusative and Dative of Pronouns continued 73
163. 164. Order in which the Personal Pronouns are placed, when two of them
are governed by the same verb 74
165. 166. The same subject 75
167. 168. The same subject 76
169. 170. The order of the Pronouns when used with the Imperative, with and
without the Negative 77
171. 172. The Reflective Verb se laver used affirmatively, negatively, interroga-
tively, and negatively and interrogatively 78
173. 174. Compound Tenses of Reflective Verbs used in various ways 80
175. 176. On the use of en and y 82
177. 178. On the use of en with Personal Pronouns 83
179. 180. The Partitive Article before Adjectives 84
181. 182. The same subject 84
SECOND PART.
Paradigms.
/. Declension 86
//. Conjugation 87
THIRD PART.
Vocabularies.
1. French and English Vocabulary 94
J. English and French Vocabulary 104
OF THE
:
A SHORT
GUIDE TO FRENCH PRONUNCIATION.
The French
I. THE ALPHABET.
Alphabet consists of the following twenty-five
letters:
Name*
Names
a A
ah
n N
enn
b B
bay
o O
c C
say
PP
pay
d D
day
qQ
e E
eh
r B
err 4
f F
eff
s S
ess
gG
jay 1
t T
tay
h H
ash 3
u U
3
i I
ee
v V
vay
j J
jee l
x X
ix
k K
kah
y Y
ee greek
1 L
ell
z Z
zed
mM
emm
1. Simple vowels are: a, e, i, o, u, y.
2. All other letters are simple consonants.
3. The following are compound letters:
Compound vowels: au, eau, ou, eu, oeu, ai, ei.
Nasal vowels: an, am, en, em; in, im, ain, aim;
on, om; un, um, eun.
Diphthongs: ia, ie, ie, ie, io, ieu, oi, ui, oui.
Nasal diphthongs: ian, ien, oin, uin, ion.
Compound consonants: ch, ph, th, qu, gn.
i j to be pronounced like s in pleasure.
a a to be pronounced as in fast.
3 The French name of this letter cannot be represented by English
letters; it must be learned from the mouth of the teacher.
* err to be pronounced as in ferry.
VII
n, VOWELS.
L Simple Vowels.
1. a is pronounced like a in fast; with the Circumflex
Accent (") has the sound of a in father. A vowel marked
with the Circumflex Accent is always long.
a animal ami ame pate mat
has ftnjmal friend soul paste
2. e at the end of words of more than one syllable, is silent.
dame tape table larme arbre farine
lady tape table tear tree flour
3. e at the end of words of one syllable, sounds like u in tho
English word tub; at the end of syllables not final, it has really
the same sound, but is in many cases scarcely to be heard.
le me te ne de venir samedi
the me thee not of to come Saturday
4. & with the Acute Accent (') is pronounced like a in fate.
le ble le th le caf la v^rit^ le d
the corn the tea the coffee the truth the thimble
5. & with the Grave Accent ( x ) is pronounced like a in tare.
le pere la mere le frere Thieve la feve
the father the mother the brother the pupil the bean
6. 6 with the Circumflex Accent is pronounced like e in there.
la tete la f<Ste m^me 6tre la bdte
(he head $h feast same to U the beast
EC
7. e without an accent, at the beginning and in the middle of
syllables, is ordinarily pronounced like the French & (a in
tare); in the final syllables er, et, ez, however, it sounds like
the French (a in fate).
elle la ferme parler le bonnet venez
she the farm to speak the cap come
8. i and i with the Circumflex Accent, are usually pronounced
like i in machine, i is sometimes like the English short i, as
in pin.
midi batir le mari Tile finir
noon to build the husband the island to finish
9. o has for the most part nearly the same sound as in English;
it is usually pronounced like o in robe; sometimes it is short
as in odd; 6 with the Circumflex Accent has always the sound
of o in no.
la mode la robe le role le cote
the fashion the dress the roll the side
10. u and u with the Circumflex Accent, cannot be rendered
by any corresponding sound in English, and must be learned
from the lips of the teacher.
la nature la fortune la flute mur
(the) nature the fortune the flute ripe
11. y when initial, or when after a consonant, has the sound
of the French i.
y le jury la lyre le type 1'hydre
there the jury the lyre the type the hydra
2. Compound Vowels.
12. an and eau are pronounced like o in home.
la faute le baume beau le taureau
the fault the balm beautiful the bull
13. ou sounds like ou in soup.
ou la route la poule la soupe le sou
or the road the hen the soup the cent
14. eu and oeu sound nearly like u in nurse; when followed
by r, or another consonant not silent, the sound is more open.
le feu bleu neuf la couleur la soeur
the fire blue nine the color the sister
lo. ai and ei are generally pronounced like a/i in bail; ai at
the end of a word, especially in some forms of the verb, is
sounded like a in fate.
le maitre la paire la baleine j'aurai
the master the pair the whale I shall have
3. Nasal Vowels.
16. In French, n and m, when final or before a consonant,
are said to have a nasal sound, but more properly speaking,
dropping their own sound, they only indicate that the preced-
ing vowels are to be sounded through the nose. Thus an, am,
en, em are used to represent the nasal sound of the French a,
and are pronounced like en in the Anglicized word encore.
In pronouncing these sounds, care should be taken not to press
the back of the tongue against the palate, as is done in pro-
ducing the sound of the English ng.
When the m or n of these and similar combinations is
doubled or followed by a vowel, there is no nasal sound.
Tan 1'ancre 1'encre la lampe 1'empire
the year the anchor the ink the lamp the empire
17. in, im, ain, aim, ein represent the nasal sound cor-
responding to the French i; they are all pronounced nearly
like an in the English word sang.
le vin 1'imp^ratrice le pain la faim plein
the wine the empress the bread the hunger full
18. on and om represent the nasal sound corresponding to
French o; they are pronounced nearly like on in song.
on onze le salon la bombe rompre
one, they eleven the drawing-room the bomb to break
19. un, um, eim represent the nasal sound corresponding
to French u; they are pronounced nearly like un in sung.
un chacun brun le parfum a jeun
a, an each brown the perfume fasting
4. Diphthongs.
20. In French, all diphthongs are pronounced by uttering
fully and distinctly the vowels which compose them; this should,
however, be done by a single impulse of the voice. Thus:
ia is compounded from the French vowels i and a
ie " " " " i '< e
ie " " " " i " e
ie " " " " i " e
io " " " " i " o
ieu " " " " i " eu
le diable la partie le rosier la fievre
the devil the part the rose-bush the fever
la niece le pied Tamitie la fiole Dieu
the niece the foot the friendship the phial God
21. oi is pronounced like wa in was.
ui is compounded from the French vowels u and i.
oui " " " ' ouandi.
moi le soir la nuit luire Louise
I the evening the night to shine Louisa
5. Nasal Diphthongs.
* fan is compounded from the French Towels i and an nasal
ion " " " " i " on "
oin " " " o " in "
uin " " " " u " in "
ien " " " | ii en (i
All these diphthongs are pronounced by uniting the sounds
of their component parts, except ien which is mostly final,
and sounds like i and in; (an in the English word sang).
la viande le lion le coin mien Juin
the meat the lion the corner mine June
III. CONSONANTS.
23. b, d, f, k, 1, m, n, p, t, z, at the beginning of words
or syllables, are pronounced as in English.
A final consonant is generally silent. The letters c, f, 1, r,
however, when final, are generally pronounced.
le tapis le nid le bee vif le sel le fer
the carpet the nest the beak lively the salt the iron
24. c before a, o, u, or a consonant, and at the end of syl-
lables and of some words, is pronounced like the English A*.
When it comes before e, i, and y, it is pronounced like 8 in
the English word same. With the cedilla ($), it always
sounds like sharp s.
le canif le roc ceci le gargon la facade
the penknife the rock this the boy the front
23. g before a, o, u, and consonants, has the hard sound of
g in go; before e and i, it is pronounced like s in pleasure.
gu before a, i, e sounds like g in go; the u has no sound
whatever, it only shows that the g is hard, ge before a, o, u r
sounds like 8 in pleasure; the e is inserted to show that the g
is soft.
gai la glace le gilet le guide le pigeon
gay the ice the vest the guide the pigeon
XIII
26. h in French is gaid to be aspirated or not, but ia never
pronounced. Mark that before all nouns beginning with a
vowel or non-aspirated li, the article is 1' (wiih the apostrophe)
instead of le, la. With nouns beginning with h aspirated,
the article remains unchanged.
Theure le hibou le h^tre la harpe
the hour the owl the beech-tree the harp
27. j is always pronounced like 8 in pleasure.
le jour le jeu le journal joli le juge
the day the play the newspaper pretty the judge
28. 1 and 11, when preceded by i, are pronounced like y con-
sonant in yonder (liquid 1); in such words as have only the
vowel i before the 1 or 11, the i has its regular sound.
When there is another vowel before the il or ill, the i is
always silent, and the vowel before it has its regular sound.
Thus:
eil and eill are compounded from e and 1 liquid.
ail " aill " " a " 1 "
euil " euill " " eu " 1 "
ouil " ouill " ou " 1 "
Avril la fille vieil la bouteille le bail
April the daughter old the bottle the lease
la paille le deuil la feuille le brouillon
the straw the mourning the leaf the waste-fcook
29. s at the beginning of words has the sharp sound or the
English 8 in same; between two vowels, it is pronounced juke s
in rose; ss has always the hissing sound of 88 in lesson.
la semaine la rose la visite la messe
the week the rose the visit tha mass
30. x as in English, has two different sounds; in most words
beginning with ex, it sounds like gs; in others like ks.
Faxe Fexcuse 1'exercice le luxe exact
the axis the excuse the exercise luxury exact
31. y after a vowel is to be considered as a compound sound
of two i (ii), the first i going with the preceding vowel, and
the second with the following.
payer (pai-ier) aboyer le pays le rayon
to pay to bark the country the ray
32. eh sounds the same as the English sh. In a few words,
however, taken from the Greek, and when it comes before a
consonant, it is pronounced like k.
la bouche la poche le chapeau la chronique
the mouth the pocket the hat the chronicle
33. th. is pronounced like t simply, and ph. like f.
le th le theme le phare le phosphore
the tea the exercise the light-house the phosphorus
34. q either followed by n, or without it, is pronounced like
the English k.
qui la qualite quitter cinq Paques
who the quality to leave five Easter
35. gn has a sound combining that of the English n and y
consonant, like n>i in minion.
la ligne digne le compagnon I'Allemagne
the line worthy the partner Germany
IV. SOME EXCEPTIONS AND DIFFICULTIES.
36. Mark the occasional sounds of the following letters:
e=a in lafemme imprudeniment differemment
the wile imprudently differently
ce=eu " Toeil Toeillet 1'oeillere 1'oeillade
the eye the pink the eyetooth the glance
c=g " second je seconde il seconde
second I second he seconds
x = s " six dix soixante Bruxelles
six ten sixty Brussels
x =z " deuxieme dixieme sixieme le sixain
second tenth sixth the stanza
ti in the middle of words, when it comes before another
vowel, is very often pronounced like ce in cedar.
la nation la fraction 1'attention leVenitien
the nation the fraction the attention the Venetian
ent final in The Third Person Plural of any French verb,
is silent.
ils jouent ils rient ils sautent ils lisent
they play they laugh they jump they read
37. The Apostrophe (') does not change the pronunciation of
the following syllable, and only denotes the elision of one vowel
before another. Thus:
instead of: we write and read:
le ami 1'ami
the friend
instead of:
ce est
that is
we w^ite and read:
c'est
je aime j'aime
I love
si il
if he
s'il
38. The Trema ( "* ) placed over the second of two vowels,
denotos that they are to be pronounced as distinct letters:
1'ai'eul hair Saul Noel 1'h^roine
the grandfather to hate Saul Christmas the heroine
m
39. In Dividing Words into Syllables, it may be proper to
observe the following rules:
In French, there are as many syllables in a word, as there
are vowels or diphthongs.
A single consonant between two vowels, is joined to the
latter.
Two different consonants or the two same consonants must
be separated.
There are many combinations, however, which always belong
to the same syllable; namely: bl, br, cl, cr, dl, dr, fl, fr,
gl, gr, pi, pr, tl, tr, vr, ch, ph, th, gn, and, of course,
all diphthongs.
le pe re Far me la ter re le mat tre
the father the army the earth the master
la mou che la li gne le fia ere Dieu
the fly the line the cab God
V. CONNECTION OF WORDS.
40. In current reading and speaking, the last syllable of a
word is generally joined to the first of the following, if that
commences with a vowel or non-aspirated h. In this connection,
however, some letters change their regular sound, namely:
d is pronounced like t
g is pronounced like k
s or x z
The t of et, and is never pronounced.
grand homme. rang &ev& bon ami.
gran-thomme. ran-keleve. bo-na-mi.
great man. elevated rank. good frieud.
vous 6tes aimable. il est six heures.
vou-ze te-zaimable.> i-lest si-zheures.
you are amiable. it is six o'clock
FIRST PART.
FRENCH AND ENGLISH EXERCISES.
1. le (m.), la (f.), the
pdre, father frere, brother
m6re, mother sceur, sister
et, find
Le p&re, la mere. Le frere et la soeur.
2. The sister and the brother. The father and the mother.
*
,9. bon (m.), bonne (f.), good
est, is
Le bon pre, la bonne m6re. Le p6re est bon, la m&re
est bonne. Le bon frdre, la bonne so3ur. Le frdre est bon, la
soeur est bonne. Le p6re et la m6re.
4. The good brother, the good sister. The father is good,
the mother is good. The good father, the good mother. The
brother is good, the sister is good. The brother, the sister.
5. mon (m.), ma (f.), my
Mon p&re, ma mere. Mon bon pdre, ma bonne m&re.
Mon p6re esf bon, ma m&re est bonne. Mon frere et ma
soeur. Mon bon frere et ma bonne soeur. Mon fr6re est bon,
ma soeur est bonne. Le bon frre et la bonne soeur.
6. My good brother, my good sister. My brother is good,
my sister is good. My good father and my good mother,
My father is good, my mother is good.
_ 2
7. tin (m.), une (f.) t a, or cm
Un p&re, une mre, un frere, une sceur. Tin bon p&re,
une bonne radre, un bon frere, une bonne soeur. Un pere est
bon, une mere est bonne. Mon pere est un bon pere, ma mere
est une bonne mere. Mon frere est un bon frere, ma soeur est
une bonne soeur.
8. A brother and a sister. A father and a mother. A good
brother, a good sister. A good father and a good mother.
The brother and the sister. My sister is a good sister. My
brother is a good brother. My mother is a good mother. My
father is a good father.
9. ton (m.), ta (f.), thy
a, has; aussi, also
Ton p6re est bon, ta mere est bonne. Ton pre a une
bonne S03ur, ta mere a un bon frdre. Mon frere est ton pre.
Mon pre est aussi ton pere, et ma mere est aussi ta mere.
10. Thy brother, thy father, thy mother, thy sister. Thy
mother has a good father and a good sister. My brother is
also thy brother. My sister is also thy sister. Thy father has
a good brother.
11. grand (m.), grande (f.), large, long, tall
petit (m.), petite (f.), small, short, little
le livre, the book; la plume, the pen
Le livre est bon, la plume est bonne. Mon livre est petit,
et ma plume est grande. Ton pere a un bon livre, ta soeur a
une bonne plume. Mon fr6re est grand, et ma sceur est petite.
Ton petit frere et ta petite soeur. Ta soeur ajna plume, et
ton frere a mon livre. Ton petit livre est un bon livre.
12. My pen is small; my book is large. Thy father has a
good pen; thy mother has a good book. My brother is short,
and my sister is tall. Thy little sister is a good sister. The
book is good.
13. je, 7; ai, have; j'ai, / have; ai-je? have I?
tu, thou; as, Aos; tu as, thouhast; as-tu? 7ias thou?
J'ai un livre et une plume. Tu as un bon livre et une
bonne plume. J'ai un bon frere; tu as une bonne sceur. J'ai
un grand livre; mon frere a aussi un grand livre. Ma sceur a
une petite plume. As-tu une soeur? J'ai une soeur et un
frere. As-tu ma plume ? J'ai ton livre et ta plume.
14. Hast thou a brother ? I have a brother and a sister.
I have a good father. My mother has a little pen. Hast thou
a large book ? I have a large book. Hast thou a good father?
I have a good father and a good mother.
15. nous, we; avons, have; nous avons, we have;
avons-nous ? have we ?
le jardin, the garden
Nous avons un bon pere et une bonne mre. Nous avons
aussi un bon frere et une bonne soeur. Le jardin est grand.
J'ai un petit jardin. As-tu aussi un jardin? Nous avons un
grand jardin. Mon petit frere a aussi un jardin. Ma petite
soeur a un bon livre. Nous avons un grand livre et une petite
plume.
16. We have a large garden. I have a good book. My little
brother has also a book. The garden is small. My mother is
good. My father has a good pen. My little sister has a large
book. We have a little garden. We have a good brother
and a good sister.
17. vous, you; avez, have; vous avez, you have;
avez-vous? have you?
achete', bought; vu, seen
Yous avez un bon pere et une bonne m6re. Avez-vous
aussi un bon frere? J'ai un livre. J'ai achet^ un livre. Nous
avons vu un grand jardin. Avez-vous vu le grand jardin ?
Mon fr&re a aussi vu tm grand jardin. J'ai achete* une plume.
As-tu achete' une bonne plume ? As-tu TU mon livre ? J'ai vu
ton livre et ta plume. Avez-vous vu mj, petite soeur? Mon
pdre a achete un jardin. Ta scour a achete' un petit livre.
Avez-vous vu rnon frere? Nous avons vu ta soeur ct ton frere.
18. Have you seen my father? We have seen thy father and
thy mother. Have you bought a good book ? I have bought
a book and a pen. We have seen a little garden. Have you
seen my little brother? I have seen thy little sister. Thy
brother has bought a pen. My mother has bought a large
garden.
19. notre, our; votre, your
oncle, uncle; tante, aunt
Notre pSre est un bon pere, et notre mere est une bonne
mere. Mon pere est ton oncle, et ma mere est ta tante. Ton
frere a vu notre mere. J'ai vu votre soeur. Avez-vous vu
notre petit frere? Votre livre est bon. Yotre frere a une
bonne plume. Notre pere a achete' un grand jardin. Nous
avons vu* votre oncle et votre tante. As-tu aussi vu notre
jardin?
20. Our brother is a good brother, and our sister is a good
sister. Thy father is my uncle, and thy mother is my aunt.
Have you seen your father ? Our book is small. Your garden
is large. Your sister has bought a pen, and your brother has
bought a good book. Have you seen your aunt ?
21. il, he, it; elle ; sJie, it
mais, but; tres, very; tres-bon, very good
Mon pere est bon; il a aussi un bon frere. Ma mere est
bonne; elle a aussi une bonne soeur. Ton livre est petit, mais
il est bon. Avez-vous vu notre jardin? II est tres-grand.
J'ai achet^ une plume; elle est tr&s-bonne. Nous avons vu
votre oncle; il a achetd nn grand livre.
22. Our mother is good; she has also a good brother. My
father is tall; he has also a tall sister. Have you seen our
uncle? He has a large book. I have bought a garden; it is
very small. Thy pen is small, but it is very good.
23. qui (m. & f. nom.), who, which, that
que (m. & /. ace.), whom, which, that
Nous avons un pere qui est bon. Vous avez une mere qui
est bonne. J'ai un livre qui est tres-bon. Ma sceur a une
plume qui est tres-bonne. Le livre que vous avez achete', est
bon. Le jardin que nous avons vu, est tres-grand. As-tu vu
le livre que mon frere a achete' ? Le livre que votre frere a
achete, est bon, mais il est tres-petit. J'ai achete aussi un livre,
mais il est grand. Yotre oncle a le livre que vous avez vu.
2. My uncle has the book that you have bought. Have
you also bought a book? I have seen the garden which your
brother has bought. We have a mother who is good. You
have a father who is very good. The garden which you have
bought, is large. My father, whom you have seen, is very tall.
Your brother has a pen which is very good.
25. le chapeau, the hat, bonnet le canif, the penknife
la montre, the watch le cheval. the horse
un enfant, ) aeMd
une enfant, )
Ou avez-vous trouve' mon Where did you find (have you
chapeau ? found) my hat ?
trouve*, found pour, for
perdu, lost ou, where
J'ai un petit chapeau. Ton chapeau est grand. Mon
frdre a une montre. As-tu aussi une montre ? Ma montre est
petite, mais elle est tres-bonne. J'ai perdu un canif. Avez-
vous trouve' mon canif? Ma mere a achete' un chapeau pour
ma soeur. As-tu vu le chapeau que ma mere a achete'? Nous
avons trouve' un livre. Avez-vous perdu un livre ? Ou as-tu
achete' ta plume? Notre pere a achete' un cheval. Votre oncle
a un boa cheval. Nous avons vu le cheval que votre pere a
achete'. Mon frere est un enfant; il est tres-petit.
26. My sister is a child; she is very little. Have you seen the
horse that your father has bought? Your auiit has lost a
book. My sister has found the penknife which you have lost.
Where drdstrthon find (hast thou found) my pen? Have you
seen the bonnet which my mother has bought for my sister?
Where did- you lose (have you lost) your hat? Where hast
thou seen my watch ? My horse is very small, but he is very
good. Have you a large garden ?
27. ce, cet (m.), cette (f.), this, that
cet is used instead of ce before a vowel or silent li.
ce rameau, this branch cet habit, this coat
cet arbre, this tree cette fleur, this flower
Ce cheval est bon. Ce rarneau est grand. Ce livre est
petit. Cet enfant est notre frere. Cette plume est pour ma
sceur. Cet habit est pour mon oncle. J'ai trouve' un livre.
Ou avez-vous trouve ce livre? Ma mere a achetd ce chapeau.
Ton frere a vu cet arbre. Votre petit frere est un bon enfant.
Ou as-tu achete' cette fleur? Cette montre est tres-bonne.
Ce chapeau est pour cet enfant.
28. This hat is for my brother. This tree is very small.
He is very good. Where di*Uy<HJ-fifld (have you found) this
penknife? This flower is for my uncle. Thy father has seen
this coat. Your aunt has bought this garden. Have you lost
your pen? Where dlihl (lii flud (hast thou found) this book?
I have found a watch which is very small. This bonnet is for
thy sister; she is good. This branch is small.
29. le fils, the son le cadeau, the present
la fille, the daughter la lettre, the letter
rec,u, received e'crit, written
vendu, sold dans, in
Mon oncle a un fils et une fille. J'ai vu ton frere et ta
gceur. Nous avons re^u un cadeau. Avez-vous e'crit une lettre?
Ma sceur a requ un chapeau. J'ai vendu mon cheval. As-tu
aussi vendu ta montrc? Ou avcz-vous trouve' ccttc Icttre?
Nous avons trouve' cctto lettrc 'dans notre jardin. Cc cadeau
est pour votro tante. Yotrc fils cst tres-petit, mais il est bon.
Ma fille est tres-grande. Cette fille a un bon pere et une bonne
m&re. Get enfant est mon fils.
30. This child is my daughter. This son has a good uncle
and a good aunt. My daughter has received a present. Your
mother has written a letter for my sister. This watch is for
your brother. Hast thou sold thy horse ? Where did you lose
(have you lost) the watch? I (have) lost the watch in the
garden. Have you seen my son and my daughter? My brother
has received a letter. Have you sold your horse?
' its
son oncle, his or her uncle
sa tante, his, or her aunt
sa tete, his, her, or its head
Mon oncle a perdu son canif ct sa montre. Ma soeur a
perdu son livre et sa plume. Mon pere a vendu son cheval.
Ma tante a aussi vendu son cheval. Ou cst votre oncle ? II
est dans son jardin. Ou est votre tante ? Elle est dans son
jardin. Ce pere a perdu sa fille. Cette mere a perdu son fils.
Mon oncle a achete' un chapeau pour son petit enfant. Cette
lettre est pour ma soeur. Cette fille a e'crit une grande lettre
pour sa mere. Nous avons trouvd un livre dans ce jardin.
32. Thy mother has lost a book. My sister has found a pen.
Where did -you- buy (have you bought) this penknife? Hast
thou seen our horse? We have seen a large horse. Your little
brother has a good watch. Our brother is tall, but our sister
is short. I have a hat which is very large. The penknife
which you have bought, is a good one (is good). Our uncle
has received a letter. This son has lost his mother. This
daughter has lost her father. This present is for this child.
33. de, of or from
de mon pere, of or from my father; or, my father's
de ma mere, o/ or from my mother; or, my mother's
do ton frdre, of or /rora M?/ brother; or, My brother's
de ta soeur, o/ or /rom. Mi/ sister; or, My sister's
de son oncle, o/ or /row his uncle; or, 7i& uncle's
de sa tante, o/ or from his aunt; or, Ais aunt's
de ce jardin, o/ or from this garden
La plume de mon pre est My father's pen (the pen of
bonne. my father) is good.
Le canif de mon pere est bon. La plume de ma soeur est
bonne aussi. Avez-vous le canif de mon frere ? Le jardin de
mon oncle est grand. J'ai vu le jardin de votre oncle. Notre
pere a achete' le jardin de ta tante. Vous avez perdu la plume
de ma sosur. Get enfant est le fils de mon oncle. J'ai rec,u un
canif de notre tante. Nous avons requ un cheval de votre
oncle. As-tu vu le pere de cet enfant? Ma tante a rec,u une
lettre de son pere. Cette lettre est de ma mere. As-tu regu
ce cadeau de ton frere? Le fils a perdu le livre de son pre.
34. This child has found his father's book (the book of his
father). Have you received a letter from your mother ? Hast
thou seen my father's horse (the horse of my father) ? I have
lost my sister's penknife. My aunt has bought my uncle's gar-
den. We have sold my brother's hat. My sister's penknife is
large. My aunt's garden is smalL This watch is for thy son.
Thy sister's horse is in the garden.
35. a, to
& mon pre, to my father
a ma mere, to my mother
a ce jardin, to this garden
Je pense a vous; I think, or / am thinking of (to) you.
donne', given; prStd, lent
Je pense a mon frere et a ma mere. Mon fils a e'crit une
lettre a sa tante. Mon oncle a vendu son cheval a mon frere.
J'ai donn mon canif a ma soeur. Ma tante pense a son fils et
a sa fille. Le fils de notre tante est tres-bon. J'ai pret mon
canif a votre soaur. Avez-vous vendu votre jardin a mon oncle?
Nous avons e'crit Tine grande lettre a notre pere. Ma tante a
requ cette lettre de sa fille. J'ai prete a ton frere le canif que
j'ai rec,u de mon oncle. Nous avons donne une plume a cet
enfant. As-tu pret ton livre a ce bon enfant ? Je pense a ce
fils et a cette fille.
36. My uncle's garden (the garden of my uncle) is large.
We have seen thy father's horse (the horse of thy father).
Have you found my sister's book ? I have received this pen
from my aunt. Hast thou received a book from this child?
We have lent our book to thy brother. Did you find (have'
you found) this hat in your garden ? We have written a letter
to our brother and to our aunt. Thy mother has given a watch
to my sister.
57. oncle, uncle Toncle, the uncle
enfant, child 1'enfant, the child
ami, friend (m.) 1'ami, the friend (m.)
amie, friend (f.) 1'amie, the friend (f.)
horn me, man 1'homme, the man
arbre, tree 1'arbre, the tree
1' oncle is used instead of le oncle
Pamie is used instead of la amie
1'homme is used instead of le homme
riche, rich jeune, young
pauvre, poor malade, sick, ill
encore, still, yet, again
L'ami de mon pere est riche. J'ai vu ramie de votre mere.
Cet homme est 1'ami de mon oncle. L'enfant de cet homme est
malade. Cet enfant est encore jeune. L'oncle de mon ami
est tres-riche. Avez-vous vu 1'arbre que mon pere a achete'?
Mon oncle a vendu cet arbre a votre pere. 1/homme que vous
avez vu, est tres-pauvre. Son fils est malade. Mon ami est
un homme tres-riche. J'ai donnd une plume a ce pauvre en-
fant. La tante de ce jeune homme est malade.-
10
38. This poor man is the friend of my brother. I have found
thy father's watch (the watch of thy father). Have you given
the tree to your uncle ? His sister is young. My son has re-
ceived a letter from this man. I think of (to) my horse and
(to) my garden. The uncle of that child is very young. The
man whom you have seen, is still poor. Where did-ycnr buy_
(have you bought) this hat for your brother? The friend of
' this young man has received a present.
30. Masculine. Feminine.
le voisin, the neighbor la voisine, the neighbor
le cousin, the cousin la cousine, the cousin
1'aini, the friend 1'amie, the friend
le jardinier, the gardener la jardiniere, the gardener
1'homme, the man la femme, the woman
Get homme est notre jardinier. Cette femme est notre
jardiniere. Notre voisin est trds-riche. Yotre voisine est une
bonne femme. Avez-vous vu mon cousin? J'ai vu votre cousin
et votre cousine. Yotre cousin est 1'ami de mon frre. Ma
sceur est 1'amie de votre cousine. La bonne jardiniere a perdu
,son enfant. La voisine de mon oncle a un trds-bon fils. Notre
jardinier est le pere de cet enfant. La fille de cette pauvre
femme est malade. J'ai regu un cadeau de ton cousin. Ma
Boeur a ecrit une lettre a votre cousine.
40. Our gardener is a good man. Our friend is a good
woman. Thy cousin is the friend of my neighbor. My friend
is the uncle of this young man. I have seen this gardener's
tree. Our neighbor has a very good son and a very good
daughter. Hast thou seen this poor man's child? I have
given my penknife to this poor child.
4J. Masculine. Feminine.
plus utile plus utile more useful
plus sage plus sage wiser, better
plus joli plus jolie prettier
plus grand plus grande larger
plus petit plus petite smaller
A
_ n _ A'c,*
Masculine. Feminine.
le mien la mienne mine .
le tien la tienne thine
le sien la sienne his, hers, its
le notre la notre ours
le votre la votre yours
Mon jardin est plus grand que My garden is larger than
le tien. thine.
Notre maison est plus grande Our house is larger than
que la tienne. thine.
sage, wise, good (as to conduct) que, than, as
Mon canif est plus joli que le tien. Ma plume est plus
grande que la tienne. Notre cheval est plus grand que le
votre. Ton pre est plus petit que le mien. Le jardin de
votre oncle est plus grand que le notre. Get homme est plus
riche que notre pere. Get enfant est plus sage que ton petit
fr6re. Le chapeau de ma soeur est plus joli que le mien. Ce
livre^est plus utile que le notre. As-tu trouve' un chapeau?
Ma sosur a perdu le sien. Notre tante est plus riche que la
votre. Notre oncle a un jardin qui est tres-grand, mais le
votre est plus grand. Nous avons un livre qui est plus utile
que le votre. J'ai donnd mon canif a ton frere; il a perdu le
sien. Le fils de notre jardiniere a trouve' une plume dans notre
jardin; il a donnd la sienne a mon petit frere. Mon frere a
donne sa plume a ma cousine, qui a perdu la sienne.
42. Thy house is smaller than mine. Your book is more use-
ful than ours. My child is better than thine. I have a garden
which is prettier than hers. Have you seen a larger watch
than mine? Your neighbor is richer than ours. My pen is
larger than thine. I have found a watch, and my brother has
lost his. Your cousin has a garden which is larger than mine.
His aunt is richer than ours. My bonnet is larger than thine.
We have a horse which is more useful than yours.
12
43. facile, easy agreable, agreeable, pleasant
difficile, difficult honnete, honest
fidele, faithful
le chien, the dog la maison, the house
le chat, the cat le soleil, the sun
la campagne, the country la lime, the moon
la ville, the town le theme, the exercise
haut fmj, haute (f.), high
Mon frere est encore jeune. II est plus jeune que votre
cousin. Get homme est pauvre, mais ce jardinier est encore
plus pauvre. Notre tante a une grande maison. Avez-vous
vu la maison de notre tante ? Get enfant est plus sage que ma
petite sceur. Ma cousine a un petit chat. J'ai donne mon
petit chien a notre cousin. Le chien est plus fiddle que le chat.
Yotre voisin est pauvre, mais il est honnete. La jardiniere est
une tres-honnte femme. Le soleil est plus grand que la lune.
La campagne est tr^s-agre'able. La campagne est plus agre-
able que la ville. Notre ville est plus petite que la votre.
Mon ami a un petit chien qui est trs-fidele. Get arbre est
tres-haut; il est plus haut que le mien. Cette maison est tre"s-
haute; elle est plus haute que la votre. Ton theme est.plus
facile que le notre, mais le theme de mon cousin est trs-difficile.
44. Hast thou seen the mother of this child ? She is very
poor; she is poorer than the mother of our gardener. Have
you seen my dog? He is larger than thine. My cousin has
also a dog which is very faithful. Thy uncle is richer than
ours. This town is very large. We have bought a large house.
Thy little brother is very good; he is better than ours. We
have an aunt who is very rich.
45. celui (m.), celle ff.), that
Mon chien est plus petit que My dog is smaller (more small)
celui de votre ami. than your friend's (that of
your friend).
Ta montre est plus petite que Thy watch is smaller than thy
ceDe de ta so3ur. sister's (that of thy sister).
13
Ce canif est plus joli que celui de mon fr6re. Cette montre
est plus jolie que celle de votre cousin. Get arbre est plus haut
que celui que nous avons vu dans votre jardin. Mon chapeau
est plus petit que celui de votre sceur. Yotre plume est plus
grande que celle de votre amL Le chien de votre voisin est
plus fidele que celui de notre tante. Ce theme est tres-difficile.
iLe thme de votre cousin est plus difficile que le votre, mais
celui de ma sceur est encore plus difficile. La voisine de mon
oncle a un petit chien qui est plus fidele que celui de votre jar-
dinier, mais le mien est encore plus fidele. Mon theme est plus
facile que le tien et que celui de ton frere.
46. The moon is smaller than the sun. The dog is more
faithful than the cat. Thy book is more useful than tby-^easia's
(that of thy cousin). The hat of thy brother is smaller than
mjJ&fcher's (that of my fiather). The house of our gardener is
larger than yeiiB-iieigkke*^ (that of your neighbor) (f.). The
friend of our uncle is richer than your brother's (that of your
brother).
47. Emilie, Emily Adolphe, Adolphus
Henri, Henry Francois, Francis
Jean, John Guillaume, William
Louis, Louis Louise, Louisa
a Bruxelles, to, at, in Brussels a Londres, to, at, in London
a Yienne, to, at, in Vienna a-Philadelphie,to,a,mP/h7a-
delphia
arrive (m.), arrivde (f.), arrived
parti (m.), partie (/.), set out, departed
il est arrive', he has (is) arrived s'appelle, is called
elle est &rriv6e,shehas(is) arrived est a, belongs to (is to)
Le fils de notre voisine s'appelle Charles, et sa fille s'ap-
pelle Louise. L'enfant de notre jardinier s'appelle Guillaume.
La tante de Ferdinand est arrive'e, mais son p&re est parti pour
Philadelphie. La soaur de Louis est tres-sage. Je pense a Jean
14
et a Louis. La soeur de Louise a crit une lettre a Emilie. Fran-
Qois a rec,u cette plume d'un jeune homrae qui s'appelle Jean.
Henri a donnd son livre a Ferdinand et sa plume a Joseph.
Le cousin de Jean est parti pour Paris. Le chien de Charles
est plus fidele que celui de Francois. Nous avons donne notre
petit chat a Guillaume. Ce canif est a Adolphe, et cette plume
est a Jean. Notre tante est a Paris. Mon cousin est a Vienne.
Ce jeune homme est de Bruxelles. Notre ami est de Baltimore.
48. Josephine has lost her bonnet. Hast thou found Henry's
penknife? John's father is very good. Charles's garden is
smaller than mine. Joseph's friend hns (is) set out. My cousin
has arrived. We have received a letter from Louis; he is ia
London. Have you seen John and Ferdinand? We have
written a letter to our friend at (of) Boston.
49. Singular. Plural.
le pere, the father les peres, the fathers
la mere, the mother les meres, the mothers
1'enfant, the child les enfants, the children
1'homme, the man les hommes, the men
bon (m.), bonne (f.) bonsfmj, bonnes f/.j, good
content (m ,, contento
petit (m.), petite (f.) petitsfm.;, petites (f.), little
le (m.), la (f.) les, the
sont, are
Mes freres sont arrives. My brothers have (are) arrived.
Mes soeurs sont arrivees. My sisters have (are) arrived.
la fleur, the flower toujours, always
la pomme, the apple sont a, belong to (are to)
la poire, the pear il aime, he loves, he likes
la cerise, the cherry souvent, often
Les peres sont bons, et les meres sont bonnes aussi. Les
livres de mon oncle sont utiles. Les plumes de ma soeur
sont petites. Les enfants de cet homme sont tres-sages. Les
sceurs de mon ami sont bonnes. Avez-vous vu les livres de
15
mon cousin? Nous avons trouvd les livres et les plumes de
votre frere. La mere de Charles aime les fleurs et les enfants.
Les amis de Ferdinand sont arrives. Les freres de mon voisin
sont partis pour Vienne. Cette maison est haute. Les maisons
de cette ville sont tres-hautes. Les arbres de notre jardin sont
plus hauts que les arbres de votre jardin. Les enfants de notre
jardinier sont encore tr^s-jeunes. Les themes de ma cousine
sont faciles, mais les themes de mon frere sont tres-difficiles.,
Ta soeur est contente. Les filles de, notre voisin sont tOujours
contentes. Les pauvres sont souvent plus contents que les
riches.
50. The children of our gardener are good (sages). Your
father's books are very useful. The friends of my uncle are
very rich. Vienna is a large city. The houses in (of) Yienna
are very high. Francis and Henry kaxQ (are) arrived. Louisa
and Josephine tev^ (are) set out. The sisters of Henry are
still young. We have seen the children of this poor woman.
This woman is always contented; she is more contented than
our neighbor (f. ) who is very rich.
51. un (mj, une (f.), one dix-neuf, nineteen
deux, two vingt, twenty
trois, three vingt et un, twenty-one
quatre, four vingt-deux, twenty-two
cinq, Jive trente, thirty
six, six trente et un, thirty-one
sept, seven trente-deux, thirty-two
huit, eight quarante, forty
neuf, nine cinquante, fifty
dix, ten soixante, sixty
onze, eleven soixante et dix, seventy
douze, twelve soixante et onze, seventy-one
treize, thirteen soixante-douze, seventy-two
quatorze, fourteen quatre-vingts, eighty
quinze, fifteen quatre-vingt-un, eighty-one
seize, sixteen quatre-vingt-dix, ninety
dix-sept, seventeen cent, a hundred
dix-huit, eighteen cent un, a hundred and one
16
Janvier (raj, January Juillet (wj, July
FeVrier (raj, February Aout (m.), August
Mars (raj, March Septembre (raj, September
Avril (m.), April Octobre (m.), October
Mai (ra.), May Xovembre (m.), November
Juin (m.), June D^cembre (m.), December
la chambre, the room I'anne'e bissextile, leap-year
la table, the table le jour, the day
la chaise, the chair une heure, an hour
Tan (m.), Fannee (/J, the une minute, a minute
year une seconde, a second
le mois, the month-** il y a, iAere is, ZAere are
la semaine, tf?e sreefc font, make,
Dans notre maison il y a quatprze chambres. Dans cette
chambre il y a deux tables et douze chaises. Notre voisin a
cinq enfants, trois fils et deux filles. Dans notre jardin il y a
vingt grands arbres. Dans la maison de notre jardinier il y a
cinq chats et trois chiens. Nous avons un chat et deux chiens.
L'an a douze mois; la semaine a sept jours. J'ai rec,u de mon
p&re quatre pomnies et six poires. Mon oncle a donnd a ma
soeur un joli canif et vingt plumes. Un jour a vingt-quatre
heures. Une heure a soixante minutes. Janvier a trente et
un jours. Avril a trente jours. L'anne'e a trois cent soixante*
cinq jours. Soixante secondes font une minute.
Our father has three penknives. My friend has five
sisters. This woman has seven children. I have bought six
chairs. This man has four sons and two daughters who are
very good (sages). We have received three letters for my
uncle. My friend has found a penknife and eight pens. Sixty
seconds t make one minute. Sixty minutes make one hour.
Twenty-four hours make one day. Seven days make one week.
Twelve months make one year. March has thirty-one days.
June has thirty days. Leap-year has three hundred and sixty
six days.
17
Singular.
Plural.
Masc.
Fern.
Both Genders.
mon
ma
mes, my
ton
ta
tes, thy
son
sa
ses, his, her
Masc.
le mien
la mienne
les miens 1<
le tien
la tienne
les tiens 1<
le sien
la sienne
les siens 1<
fl, he
elle, she
ils e
les miennes, mine
les tiennes, thine
les siennes, his, hers
elles, they
Indicative Mood, Present Tense.
J'ai, / have nous avons, we have
tu as, thou hast vous avez, you have
il a, he has ils ont,
elle a, she has elles ont,
j'aime, 1 love, I like arrose*, watered
J'aime mes fr&res et mes sceurs. J'aime aussi mes cousins
et mes cousines. Ces arbres sont jolis ; les miens sont jolis
aussi. Mon frre a perdu ses plumes. Cette femme aime ses
enfants. Get homme a perdu ses amis, et cette rnre a perdu
ses enfants. J'ai donnd mes fleurs a ton cousin. J'ai regu
cette amide six lettres de mes amis. Mon cousin a dcrit cette
semaine deux lettres a ses amis. As-tu arrose' tes fleurs? J'ai
arrose les miennes et les tiennes. Ma sceur a aussi arrose les
siennes. Mes cousines ont rec,u deux jolis chats; elles sont tr&s-
contentes. Tes fr&res ont achetd deux chiens qui sont tres-
fideles, Ils ont donne' trois livres a mes soeurs. Charles a
perdu son chapeau et le mien.
54. Have you seen my uncles and my aunts ? My books are
more useful than thine. I love thy cousins. Thy cousins (f.)
are good; mine (f.) are good also. Hast thou written thy let-
ters ? I have written mine. We have seen thy children and
mine in the garden. William has sold my flowers and Jiis own
(his) also. My exercises are more easy than his. Our neigh-
bor's dog is more faithful than our aunt's (that of our aunt).
Have you lent your book to this good child ? There are three
men in the house.
/
55. Singular. Plural.
Masc. Fern. Both Genders.
notre notre nos, our
votre votre vos, your
le notre la notre les notres, ours
le votre la votre les votres, yours
triste, sad
Avez-vous vu nos freres et nos soeurs? J'ai vu vos cousins
et vos cousines. Ou sont nos livres et nos plumes ? J'ai perdu
vos livres et les notres. Mon frere a trouve' mes livres et les
votres. Nous avons arrosd nos fleurs. Avez-vous aussi arrose'
les votres ? Yotre soeur est partie cette semaine. Mon pre
et ma mere sont malades. Ces enfants sont tres-tristes. Mes
cousins sont arrives. Yos jardins sont plus grands que les
notres. Notre ville est plus petite que la votre. Nos sceurs
sont plus jeunes que les votres. Tes freres sont les amis de
mes cousins. Je pense souvent a vos freres. J'ai achetd trois
canifs pour les enfants de notre cousin. Ou sont vos soeurs ?
Elles sont a Philadelphie. Et vos freres? Us sont partis pour
St. Louis.
56. My children are very ill. Our friends are very sad. I
have seen thy flowers. Hast thou found my books and my
pens ? I have written a letter to thy brothers. * We have re-
ceived two letters from our cousins who are in Paris. Thy
uncle has watered his flowers and ours. I have given to this
poor child my pens and thine. My father has sold his dogs
and mine.
57. Singular. Plural
ce, cet (m.), this, that ces, these, those
cette (f.), this, that ces, these, those
ce bouquet, this nos^ay ces bouquets, these nosegays
cet arbre, this tree ces arbres, these trees
cette rose, this rose ces roses, these roses
un franc, a franc (= twenty cents)
sur, on, upon avec, with
19
Ces jardins et ces maisons sont a ma tante. Ces pommes
et ces poires sont a mes sceurs. Ces bouquets sont grands.
Ces enfants sont tres-sages; ils ont une bonne mere. Ou avez-
vous achete ces roses ? Nous avons trouve ces livres sur cette
table. Ma tante a donne deux francs a ces pauvres enfants.
Ils sont arrives avec ce jeune homme. Ces cerises sont pour
vos freres. Avez-vous vu mes fils et mes filles ? Ces deux
homines sont fibres. Ces deux femmes sont soeurs. J'ai achete
ces tables et ces chaises pour ma fille. Ces petits arbres sont
a notre voisin. Ces deux grandes maisons sont a notre oncle.
J'ai trouve' ces fleurs dans votre jardin. Ces enfants sont
tristes ; la mre de ces enfants est tres-malade. Yos fils sont
plus sages que les miens, mais mes filles sont plus sages que les
votres. J'ai rec,u ces pommes cte notre jardinier, et ces poires
de notre jardiniere.
58. These pens are good. These trees are high. I have
given these books to my friend. Hast thou watered these
roses ? These children are better than the sons of our neigh-
bor. These books are more useful than ours. These pears and
apples belong to my brother. We have bought these trees.
This poor woman has seven children; four sons and three
daughters. We have received these cherries from these children.
These nosegays are very large.
59. Singular. Plural.
tout (m.) toute (f.) tous (m.) toutes (f.) all
tout le monde, everybody tous les hommes, all men
(all the world) toutes les femmes, all women
toute la ville, the whole tous les jours, every day (all
city the days)
le monde, the world la nuit, the night
la terre, the earth, land la prairie, the meadow
Dieu, God envoye', sent
cre'e, created pleure', cried, ivept
un cu ; a crown, a dollar
20
J'aime tous les hommes. Tous mes amis sont partis pour
la campagne. Tous ces jardins et toutes ces prairies sont a
ma tante. Cette femme a perdu tous ses enfants. J'ai perdu
tous mes livres et toutes mes plumes. Notre jardinier a perdu
sa bonne mdre; il a pleure' toute la nuit. Dieu a cree toute la
terre. Avez-vous arrose' tous ces petits arbres et toutes ces
fleurs ? Le jardinier a arrosd tout le jardin. Tous ces thdmes
sont faciles. Mon cousin a pr6te tous ces livres a Henri. Louise
a perdu toutes ses plumes. Avez-vous e'crit toutes ces lettres ?
Ma tante a envoy trois deus a cette pauvre femme. Elle a
donne' toutes ces pommes et toutes ces poires a ces enfants.
Nous avons achete' toutes ces cerises.
60. My father has sold all his dogs. We have sold all our
gardens. I have lost all my friends. All these books belong
to our neighbor. I love all these children. I think every day
of (to) Louis and (to) Charles. Where did you buy (have you
bought) these penknives ? I have seen the whole house. All
our letters have arrived (arrivees). Charles is departed with
all his friends. We have found all these apples in the garden
of our neighbor. Everybody loves flowers.
61. la mere, the mother 1'enfant, the child
( of the mother C of the child
de la mere -] the mother's de 1'enfant -J the child's
(from the mother (from the child
a la m&re, to the mother a 1'enfant, to the child
le roi, the king la reine, the queen
1'argent (m .), the money, silver
La m&re de la reine est bonne. Le jardinier a achete' quatre
chaises pour le jardin. J'ai prete mon canif a 1'ami de ton frere.
Nous avons regu un petit chien de la mere de cet enfant. Votre
oncle a e'crit une lettre a la soeur de notre voisin. Le roi a
envoye' un cheval a la reine. J'ai regu toutes ces fleurs de la
jardiniere. Les enfants de la jardiniere sont malades. Je
pense a 1'amie de notre soeur. Henri a donne son argent a
1'enfant de cette pauvre femme. Le chien est utile a 1'homme.
21
Ce jardin est a 1'oncle de mon ami. Ces prairies sont a la tante
de ce jeune horn me. Nous avons vendu notre cheval a 1'ami
de notre voisin. L'argent de 1'enfant est perdu.
62. Have you given the apple to Henry's aunt? My mother's
flower is very pretty. The horse is useful to (the) man. The
sister of the queen is very ill. Have you written to the
friend of the gardener f/J? The father of the child is poor.
My neighbor's tree is higher than yours. The friend of the man
has (is) set out from Paris. My neighbor has received a pre-
sent from his brother. My mother has received all these cherries
from the aunt of her neighbor. This watch belongs to John's
uncle. My sister has been crying (has cried) all night.
63. le p&re, the father le soldat, the soldier
C of the father C of the soldier
du pere, -] the father's du soldat, -< the soldier's
(from the father (from the soldier
au pere, to the father au soldat, to the soldier
du is used instead of de le; au is used instead of a le.
la loi, the law la vie, (the) life
le peuple, the people le bonheur, (the) happiness
la partie, the part le malheur, (the) misfortune
court (m.), courte (f.), short
Un bon pere aime ses enfants. Le frre du roi est arrive',
vez-vous vu le jardin du roi ? La vie de l'homme est courte.
Mon livre est tres-court. Charles a donne' cinq ecus a cette
pauvre femme. Le jour est une partie de la semaine. La
semaine est une partie du mois. La terre est une petite partie
du monde. Le chien est 1'ami de l'homme. Les malheurs de ces
hommes sont grands. Les enfants du jardinier sont tres-sages.
J'ai donne' un petit chien au fils du soldat. As-tu requ ce canif
du jardinier ? Ce cheval est au voisin de mon oncle. Le bon-
heur de la vie est court. Mon cousin a vendu sa maison an frere
de notre voisin. Ma soeur a donnd tout son argent a Tenfant de
cette femme. Les bonnes lois font le bonheur du peuple. Je
pense toujours au malheur de mon ami.
22
64. I am always thinking oL/(to) the happiness of my child.
My friend's sister has seen the gardener's meadow. I have
given a book to the brother of my friend (m.). My brother has
bought a present for his-frie4's child (for the child of his
friend). These trees belong to the son of our gardener. The
month is a part of the year. The earth is larger than the
moon. We have sold the garden and (the) house to my consmlT
friend (to the friend of my cousin). Thy sister is a-feicnd of
mine (one of my friends). The poor man whom I have seen
is the son of the gardener. The dog is faithful to mam
65. les arbres, the trees
des arbres, of or from the trees
aux arbres, to the trees
des is used instead of de les ; aux is used instead of a les.
Un bon fils est le bonheur du pre. Les chiens sont
les amis des hommes. Ces arbres sont aux fils du jardinier.
J'ai donnd mes livres aux filles de cette pauvre femme. Le
cheval est utile aux hommes. Les enfants des pauvres sont
souvent plus contents que les enfants des riches. Nous avons
requ toutes ces fleurs du fils du jardinier. Ma soeur a retju ces
lettres des amies de Louise. Nous avons dent aux amis de
notre cousin. Ma mere a donne huit e'cus aux pauvres. Ma
tante a envoy e vingt francs aux enfants de la jardiniere.
66. The brother of the soldier is ill. The sister of the gar-
dener is very short. I have given my flowers to the son of the
gardener. That man has bought a horse for his son. We have
received this present from the mother of this child. Have you
written a letter to the brother of our neighbor ? I think always
of (to) your father's friend. This house belongs to thy friend's
uncle. I love the children of my neighbor. Thy sisters have
given a dollar to the poor. The children of the poor are often
very contented. (The) good children are the happiness of the
father and (of the) mother. We have given our money to the
children of these poor persons (pauvres).
23
07. peu, little peu de pain, little bread
pen, few peu d'hornmes, few men
beaueoup, much beaucoup de vin, much wine
beaucoup, many beaucoup de livres, many books
plus, more plus de vin, more wine
plus, more plus de pomraes, more apples
assez, enough assez de biere, beer enough
assez, enough assez de cerises, cherries enough
le pain, the bread 1'eau (f.), the ivater
le beurre, the butter la biere, the beer
la viande, the meat le the', the tea
le vin, the wine mangd, eaten
donnez-moi, give (to) me bu, drunk
Get homme a beaucoup d'argent. Mon ami a plus d'argent
que nous. Avez-vous beaucoup de vin ? Donnez-moi un peu de
biere. J'ai assez de pain. As-tu assez de viande? Nous
arvons peu de beurre. Nous avons beaucoup de pommes.
Nous avons mange' peu de cerises. Mes soeurs ont achete'
beaucoup de poires. Donnez cet argent a cette pauvre femme.
Donnez un peu de the a ce malade. Donnez un peu d'eau a ce
pauvre malade. Cet homme a beaucoup de fleurs dans son
jardin. Mon frere a plus de livres que le tien, mais ton frere
a plus de plumes que le mien. Cet homme est un bon pre; il a
donnd beaucoup d'argent aux pauvres. Ce pauvre homme a peu
d'amis, mais il a beaucoup de chiens et de chats. Cette m&re
a beaucoup d'enfants. Henri a vu plus de villes que nous.
68. Give me a little bread. Have you eaten cherries enough ?
We have few pears in the house. My brothers have sold more
apples than you. Have you much beer? Hast thou meat
enough ? Your father has more trees in his garden than we. The
dog has drunk water enough. The cats have eaten much meat.
The son and the daughter of my friend have more money than
you. My sister has more pens than thine. Thy father haa
drunk little wine.
69. autant, as much j'ai autant de pain que vous, / have
as much (of) bread as you
autant, as many j'ai autant de plumes que vous, / have
as many pens as you
trop, too much trop de papier, too much paper
trop, too many trop d'arbres, too many trees
combien ? how much ? combien de viande ? how much meat ?
combien ? how many ? combien de poires? how many pears ?
moms, less moins de beurre, less butter
moins, fewer moins de maisons, fewer houses
tant, so much tant de the, so much tea
tant, so many tant de pommes, so many apples
le fromage, the cheese le poivre, the pepper
le sel, the salt la moutarde, the mustard
Mon pere a autant de livres que vous. Yous avez moins de
plumes que mon frere. Get enfant a trop de vin. Donnez-moi
un peu de fromage. Avez-vous assez de sel et de poivre ? J'ai
donne un peu de moutarde a Henri. II a bu trop de biere.
Combien d'enfants avez-vous? J'ai six enfants; quatre fils et
deux filles. Notre voisin a moins d'enfants que YOUS: il a deux
fils et une fille. H y a beaucoup d'arbres dans ce jardin. Les
hommes qui sont contents, sont riches. Peu d'hommes sont
contents. Le pauvre a peu d'amis. As-tu autant d'argent que
nous? J'ai moins d'argent que vous, mais j'ai plus de livres
que vous. Donnez au fils de la jardiniere le canif que vous avez
rec.u de ma soeur; il a perdu le sien. Nous avons tant d'amis!
70. How many dogs have you ? I have two dogs. Have you
as many trees as my friend ? This man has drunk too much
wine. My father has as many apples as you. Give me a little
salt. I have less bread than you; but I have more cheese (than
you). Our neighbor has fewer children than the soldier. Henry
has written as many exercises as his brother. William has
received more letters than you. Give a little wine to this poor
woman. John has eaten too much mustard and pepper. Give
(to) the daughter of the soldier the cat that you have received
from your uncle. She has lost hers. My son has as many
dogs as thine.
25
71. le morceau, the piece
le verre, the glass
la bouteille, the bottle
la livre, the pound
le quintal, the hundred-
weight
la tasse, the cup
une aune, an ell
une paire, a pair
une douzaine, a dozen
une corbeille, a basket
demi, half
demi-douzaine, half a dozen
le cafe', the coffee
la boite, the box
la toile, the linen
le mouchoir, the pocket-
handkerchief
le gant, the glove
le bas, Me stocking
le soulier,
la botte, the boot
la chemise, the shirt
la cravate, the cravat
le crayon, Ae pencil
1'encre (/.), Ae m&
le sucre, the sugar
h* Ma mre a envoy a ma cousine trois paires de gants, six
paires de bas, deux douzaines de chemises, et une corbeille de
cerises. Dans cette boite il y a dix aunes de toile, quatre
mouchoirs et une demi-douzaine de cravates. J'ai regu de mon
pre un chapeau et une montre, un canif, six plumes, trois
crayons et deux francs. Mon frere a achete' deux paires de
souliers et une paire de bottes.^ Nous avons envoye a 1'ami de
notre oncle vingt livres de sucre, un demi-quintal de cafd et
douze bouteilles de vin. Donnez-moi un morceau de viande,
une bouteille de biere et un peu de moutarde. Ma tante a
achete une grande table et une demi-douzaine de chaises. J'ai
bu un verre de vin, et j'ai mange' un morceau de fromage.
Cette tasse de the est pour mon cousin, et ce morceau de sucre
est pour ma soeur. Nous avons donne au fils de notre voisine
six plumes, deux crayons et un peu d'encre: il a ecrit une
lettre a son oncle qui est a Louisville.
72. Our gardener has many flowers. My father has more
flowers than your gardener. This man has much money; he is
very rich. You have less money than this man. We have as
many children as you. How many books hast thou ? I have
few books, but I have many friends. Give me a glass of water.
Hast thou given a bottle of beer to the children of our
26
neighbor ? My sister has received a pound of cherries, and
two pounds of tea. This pair of boots is for Louis, and this
dozen of shirts is for Charles.
73. Singular. Plural.
le chapeau, the hat, bonnet les chapeaux, the hats, bonnets
le cadeau, the present les cadeaux, the presents
1'oiseau (m.), the bird les oiseaux, the birds
le jeu, the play, game les jeux, the games
le couteau, the knife le moineau, the sparrow
le vaisseau, the ship le chateau, the castle, country-seat
le troupeau, the flock le feu, the fire
Ma soeur aime les oiseaux; elle a beaucoup d'oiseaux. Le
feu et 1'eau sont utiles a l'homme. Get homme est tres-riche;
il a deux chateaux, beaucoup de jardins et de prairies. Yos
chapeaux sont plus grands que les notres. Avez-vous vu les
deux moineaux de mon frere ? Mon cousin a vendu tous ses
oiseaux. Cette petite fille aime les jeux. Ces troupeaux sont
a notre voisin. Nous avons vu deux grands vaisseaux. J'ai
achete' une douzaine de verres et une demi-douzaine de cou-
teaux. Ces moineaux sont encore jeunes. Ces cadeaux sont
pour Josephine.
74. My brother likes ships; he has three ships. My father has
bought two castles. Your presents are smaller than ours. We
have found two sparrows in the garden. These birds belong
to the pretty daughter of the soldier. The flocks of my uncle
are larger than yours. The castles which he has sold (vendus)
are very large. This pretty child loves (the) games. How
many knives have you ? The fires in the castles are small. My
father has bought four ships-.
75. Singular. Plural.
le cheval, the horse les chevaux, the horses
1'animal, the animal les animaux, the animals
le travail, the work les travaux, the works
le mal, the evil le general, the general
le mtal, t?*e metal le lion, the lion
27
Les travaux de cet homme sont agreables. Les chevaux
sont trds-utiles; ils sont plus utiles que les chiens. Nous avons
vendu nos chevaux. Notre voisin a plus de chevaux que de
chiens. Ces animaux sont tres-jolis. Le lion est le roi des
animaux. Nous avons achete deux quintaux de cafe. Nous
avons vendu notre maison a 1'amie de votre tante. C'est une
tres-jolie maison. Les hommes ont beaucoup de maux. Les
fils de notre voisin ont achete les oiseaux du jardinier. Nous
avons vu les chevaux de vos amis et les travaux des soldats.
Mon fils aime les chevaux. Je pense toujours aux freres et
aux sceurs de mon ami. L'argent est un me'tal. Les me'taux
sont tres-utiles aux hommes.
76. I have seen your father's castles. We have lost our hats.
These knives are for my mother. Thy brother likes birds. Give
me these sparrows. These flocks belong to our neighbor.
Our friend has lost all his ships. My cousin has received two
horses from the son of this general. Henry loves work; these
works are very useful. This poor animal is ill. These little
animals are very faithful.
77. Singular. Plural.
du, de la, de 1' des, of the, some, any
du papier, of the paper, some paper, any paper
de la viande, of the meat, some meat, any meat
de 1'encre, of the ink, some ink, any ink
des pommes, of the apples, some apples, any apples
des enfants, of the children, some children, any children
chez, at the house of chez mon pre, at my father's
chez le boulanger, at the baker's chez moi, at my house
le cordonnier, the shoemaker fait, made
le libraire, the bookseller le menuisier, the joiner
on, one, people le marchand, the tradesman
il trouve, he finds il vend, he sells
il fait, he makes s'il vous plait, if you please
le citron, the lemon
28
J'ai mange* du pain et de la viande. Nous avons achete'
des poinmes et des poires. Mon frere a bu du vin, et vous
avez bu de la biere et de Veau. Ce marchand vend du sucre,
du cafe et des citrons. Le cordonnier fait des souliers et des
bottes. Le menuisier fait des tables et des chaises. Chez le
libraire on trouve des livres, des plumes, du papier, de Tencre,
des canifs et des crayons. Cet homme vend des chevaux et des
chiens. Dans cette boite il y a des gants, des bas, des mou-
choirs, des cravates et de la toile. Donnez-moi, s'il vous plait,
du sel et du poivre. Avez-vous de la moutarde ? Nous avons
achete des tasses, des verres, des bouteilles et des couteaux.
Mon oncle a donn de 1'argent aux pauvres. II y a des pauvres
qui sont tres-contents. II y a des animaux qui sont plus grands
que les chevaux.
78. The child has eaten some bread and some pears. Have
you sent any beer to the gardener's father ? My uncle has sold
some ink to the cousin of the tradesman. There are some
children in the house with my mother. At the gardener's we
get (one finds) apples, pears, and cherries. Give me, if you
please, some water for the child. This tradesman sells metal
and glasses. This joiner sells tables. Give me, if you please,
some pencils for my father. There are few men who are
very happy. My uncle has given some bread to the sparrows.
This man has sent some boots, shoes, and stockings for the
poor at (de) Vienna.
79. voici, here is, here are
voila, there is, there are
voici mon frere, here is my brother
voila mes sceurs, there are my sisters
voici du vin, here is wine
voila du vinaigre, there is vinegar
le fruit, the fruit le vinaigre, the vinegar
le lait, the milk 1'huile (f.), the oil
le chocolat, the chocolate la farine, the flour, meal
la soupe, the soup le jambon, the ham
ies legumes (m.), the vegetables la tranche, the piece, the slice
29
Voici du Tin et de 1'eau, du caf et du chocolat, du sucre
et du lait. Nous avons mang de la soupe, de la viande, des
legumes et du fruit. Donnez-moi, s'il vous plait, du vinaigre
et de 1'huile. Yoila une bouteille de vinaigre, et voila aussi du
poivre et de la moutarde. J'aime le poivre et le sel. Dans
cette corbeille il y a des fruits et des flours. Nous avons des
jardins et des prairies. Mon frere a des livres et des amis.
Notre cordonnier a des enfants trds-sages. Mes soeurs ont
mange du fromage, du jambon et du pain. Le jardinier a
donne des cerises a Emilie. Ma mere a achete de la farine
et du lait chez notre voisin. J'ai achete' ce papier et cette
encre chez le libraire. II y a dans cette ville des marchands
qui sont tres-riches.
80. The shoemaker has made a pair of shoes for my sister,
and two pairs of boots for Charles. Our gardener has bought
some trees and flowers. This town has few houses. Our
friend has ships and money. Your brother has many birds.
Give a piece of ham and a glass of beer to William. I have
received from the gardener a basket of flowers. Here are
bread and fruit, oil and vinegar. Have you lost any money?
We find at this tradesman's (one finds at the house of this
tradesman) knives and penknives.
81. grand, great, large plus grand, greater le plus grand, the
greatest
riche, rich plus riche, richer le plus riche, the
richest
appliqud, diligent plus applique, more le plus applique,
diligent the most diligent
bon, good meilleur, better le meilleur, the best
1'Amerique (f.), America 1'Asie (f.), Asia
1'Europe (f.), Europe 1'Afrique (f.) Africa
1'Australie f/J, Australia
c'est, that is, it is ce sont, these are, they arc
le negotiant, the merchant sensd, sensible
le fer (the) iron la montagne, the mountain
fort, strong la fille, the girl
aimable, amiable le tigre, the tiger
30
Cet oiseau est petit; il est plus petit que le mien; c'est le
plus petit de tous les oiseaux. Le lion est fort; il est plus fort
que le tigre; c'est le plus fort de tous les animaux. Voila une
grande maison; elle est plus grande que la notre; c'est la plus
grande de la ville. Cette jeune fille est tres-aimable; elle est
plus aimable que sa soeur. Ce menuisier est un honnete homme;
il a un fils qui est un peu plus jeune que Henri. Charles est
plus applique' que son frere; il est le plus applique de tous mes
enfants. Louise est plus sage que Marie; elle est la plus sage
de toutes. Francois a autant d'amis que YOUS; mais les votres
sont plus riches que les siens. Notre voisin est rtiomme le
plus aimable du monde. Le fer est le plus utile des me'taux.
L'Australie est la plus petite partie du monde, et 1'Asie la plus
grande. Le Mont Blanc est la plus haute montagne de 1'Europe.
Les chiens sont les plus fideles de tous les animaux. Le nego-
ciant qui a achete cette grande maison, est un des plus riches
de la ville. Ces themes sont difficiles; ce sont des themes
tres-difficiles. Ce couteau est bon: le mien est meilleur, mais
le couteau de mon frre est le meilleur.
82. Europe is smaller than America. Iron is more useful
than silver. Henry is taller than Charles, but William is the
tallest. Francis is the youngest of my brothers, and Louisa
the youngest of my sisters. This man is very poor, but this
shoemaker is the poorest in (of) the town. My chair is very
high; it is the highest of all our chairs. This hat is prettier
than thine; it is the prettiest of my hats. Our children are
more sensible than yours; they are the most sensible of all.
S3. Singular. Plural.
celui (raj, celle (/J, that ceux (raj, celles (/J, those
celui-ci (raj, celle-ci (/J, this ceux-ci (raj, celles-ci (/J, these
(this one)
celui-la(raj, celle-la (/J, that ceux-la(raj, celles-la (/J, those
(that one)
cet homme-ci, this man ces hommes-ci, these men
cet homme-la, that man ces hommes-la, those men
31
Mon chapeau est plus petit My hat is smaller than your
que celui de votre frre. brother's (that of your brother).
Ma pomme est plus petite My apple is smaller than your
que celle de votre soeur. sister's (that of your sister).
Vos chevaux sont plus grands Your horses are larger than your
que ceux de votre oncle. uncle's (those of your uncle).
Celui-ci est instruit. This one is learned.
Celui-la est ignorant. That one is ignorant.
Je pense a cet homme-ci et a / think of this man and of
celui-la. that.
je parle, / speak
Le chien du jardinier est plus fid&le que eelui de notre
voisin. Ma fille est plus appliquee que celle du libraire. Yos
gants sont plus jolis que ceux de ma mre. Nous avons perdu
nos livres et ceux de votre cousin. Yoila tes bottes et celles
de ton frere. Ou sont mes lettres et celles de ma cousine ? Je
pense a mes amis et a ceux de mon cousin. Yoici ma cravate
et celle de ton ami. Ce sont mes bas et ceux de mon frere.
Cet homme-ci est plus fort que celui-la. Cette table-ci est plus
haute que celle-la. Je parle de ce jardin-ci et de celui-la, de
cette maison-ci et de celle-la. Je pense a cet enfant-ci et a celui-
la. Ces chapeaux-ci sont plus jolis que ceux-la. Ces enfants-la
sont plus applique's que ceux-ci. Ces pommes-la sont meilleures
que celles-ci. Ce cheval-ci est plus petit que celui-la, mais celui-
ci est plus fort. Celui-ci est riche, celui-la est pauvre.
84. I have lost my pencil and my brother's (that of my brother).
We have found thy watch and thy friend's (that of thy friend).
My shoes are smaller than my cousin's (those of my cousin);
but thine are the smallest. My mother loves her children and
our gardener's. I have received thy letters and thy sister's.
This bird is prettier than that which you have seen in our gar.
den. This book is more useful than that. This house is higher
than that. That girl is more amiable than this. Those mer-
chants are richer than these. My pen is better than thine, but
thy cousin's is the best
32
85. Singular. Plural,
leur (m. & f.) leurs, their
le leur (m.), la leur (f.) les leurs, theirs
Ma soeur a perdu sa plume et son crayon. Ta cousine a
trouv ses has et ses gants. Nos freres ont vendu leur cheval
et leur chien. Nos scaurs ont vendu leur jardin et leur maison.
Les fils de mon voisin ont perdu leurs livres et leurs plumes.
Ma tante est dans son jardin. Mes amis sont dans leur jardin.
La jardiniere a rec,u des lettres de son fils. Mes cousins ont
regu des cadeaux de leur pere. Notre voisine a envoye cinq
e'cus a sa fille. Ces enfants ont fait un joli cadeau a leur oncle.
Les soldats ont perdu leurs generaux. II a vendu son chien et
le leur. Les enfants de mon voisin ont vu ma soeur et la leur.
86. This woman has lost her children. My cousin has written
a letter to her uncle who is at Nashville. Thy brothers have lost
their friend. My sisters have also lost their friend (f.). Our
neighbor has (is) set out with her mother. Thy cousins have
(are) arrived (arrives) with their father. These children have
lost their hats. The children have their work (pL). Charles
and William have sold their dog. My brothers have sold theirs.
87.
le premier, la premiere, the first le dix-huitieme, the eighteenth
le second, la seconde, the second le dix-neuvidme, the nineteenth
le, la troisieme, the third le vingtieme, the twentieth
le quatrieme, the fourth le vingt-et-unieme, the twenty-
Is cinquieme, the fifth first
le sixieme, the sixth le trentieme, the thirtieth
le septieme, the seventh le quarantieme, the fortieth
le huitieme, the eighth le cinquantieme, the fiftieth
le neuvi&me, the ninth le soixantieme, the sixtieth
le dixieme, the tenth le soixante-dixieme, the seven-
Is onzieme, the eleventh tieth
le douzieme, the twelfth le quatre-vingtieme, the eigh-
le treizieme, the thirteenth tieth
le quatorzieme, the fourteenth le quatre-vingt-dixieme, the
le quinzieme, the fifteenth ninetieth
le seizidme, the sixteenth le centieme, the hundredth
le dix-septi&ine, the seventeenth le milli^me, the thousandth
le dernier, la derniere, the last
33
me'chant me'chante naughty
modeste modeste modest
Chretien, Christian Mathilde, Matilda
efroi, Godfrey Marie, Mary
dimanche (m.), Sunday mercredi (m.), Wednesday
lundi (m.), Monday jeudi (m.), Thursday
mardi (m.), Tuesday vendredi (m.), Friday
samedi (m.), Saturday
Ce jeune homme est tres-applique; il est le premier de la
classe; Charles est le second; le modeste Henri est le troisieme;
Jean est le quatrieme; le bon Guillaume est le cinquime;
Chretien est le sixieme; le petit Godefroi est le septidme;
Paul est le huitieme; Francois est le neuvi&me; Ernest est le
dixieme; le mechant Joseph est le onzieme; Ferdinand est le
douzieme; Adolphe est le treizieme; Albert estle quatorzieme;
Louis est le dernier. Deux est la cinquidme partie de dix.
Cinq est la quatrieme partie de vingt. Un jour est la septime
partie d'une semaine.
88. Louisa is the first in (of) the class; Mary is the second;
(the) good Josephine is the third; (the) modest Emily is the
ninth; Matilda is the fifteenth; (the) naughty Caroline is the
last. A week is the fourth part of a month, and a month is
the twelfth part of a year. Seven days make a week. Sun-
day is the first, Monday is the second, Tuesday is the third,
Wednesday is the fourth, Thursday is the fifth, Friday is the
sixth, and Saturday the seventh.
89. qui? who? a qui? to whom? (whose?)
de qui? of whom? from pour qui? for whom?
whom?
A qui est ce de ? II est a ma Whose thimble is this ? It (is)
grand'mere. C'est celui de belongs to my grandmother.
ma grand'mere. It is my grandmother's.
Chez qui avez-vous achete' cette Where (at whose house) did
ardoise? Chez le libraire. you buy that slate? At the
bookseller's.
34
le me'decm, the physician la servante, the maid-servant
le domestique ) the servant ici, here
la domestique j ( m - & f-) la, there
moi, I, me
Qui est la? C'est le me'decm; c'est la servante; c'est moi.
Qui est cet homme-la? C'est le domestique; c'est le fils du
jardinier. Qui sont ces enfants-la? Ce sont les enfants du
medecin; ce sont les filles de la servante. De qui avez-vous
rec,u ces cadeaux ? Du fils de notre voisine. A qui est ce
chapeau? II est a mon frere. A qui est cette montre? Elle
est a ma soeur. A qui sont ces gants ? Us sont a ma cousine.
A qui sont ces bottes? Elles sont a mon cousin. Yoici ton
livre; celui-la est le mien. Yoila ta cravate; celle-ci est la
mienne. Yoila tes chemises; celles-ci sont les miennes. A qui
avez-vous donne la corbeille ? A la servante. A qui avez-vous
ecrit ? A 1'oncle de mon ami. Ou est votre frere ? II est ici
dans sa chambre. Chez qui avez-vous achete' ces crayons?
Chez le libraire. Pour qui sont ces oiseaux? Pour mon frere.
Qui a achete cette jolie maison ? Kotre voisin a achete ces
deux maisons. Qui a ecrit cette lettre ? Marie a e'crit cette
lettre. Pour qui sont ces fleurs? Les fleurs sont pour moi.
Etes-vous content, Franqois ? Je suis content aujourd'hui.
90. Who is there? It is the shoemaker; it is Henry. Who
is that woman? It is the wife of the joiner; it is the maid-
servant of the physician. Who are those girls ? They are the
daughters of the merchant. They are Louisa and Matilda.
To whom have you lent your penknife ? I have lent mine to
Charles, and my sister has lent hers to the son of the servant (m.).
To whom does this cat belong (to whom belongs this cat) ? It
is our neighbor's (it is that of our neighbor). To whom does
this flower belong (belongs this flower) ? It is our sister's (that
of our sister). To whom do these stockings belong (belong
these stockings) ? They are our maid-servant's (those of our
maid-servant). To whom do these letters belong? They are
our aunt's. For whom are these books? For my two child-
ren: for William and Josephine.
35
91. Singular. Plural.
monsieur, Mr. messieurs, Messrs.
madame, Mrs. mesdames, Mesdames
mademoiselle, Miss mesdemoiselles, Misses
ce monsieur, this gentleman ces messieurs, these gentlemen
cette dame, this lady ces dames, these ladies
cette demoiselle, this young ces demoiselles, these young
lady ladies
bien, well le bien, the benefit, good
dites, say, tell les bonte's f/J, the kindness, good-will
Monsieur Tournon est un honn^te homme; il a une tres-
bonne femme, et ses enfants sont tres-sages. Madame Noir
est une femme tr^s-modeste; elle aime ses enfants et elle fait
du bien aux pauvres. Mademoiselle Renard est tres-aimable,
elle a beaucoup de bontes pour moi ; elle fait souvent des
cadeaux a mes enfants. J'ai vu messieurs Noel; ils sont arrives
cette semaine; mais ils sont tres-tristes, ils ont perdu leurmere.
Avez-vous aussi vu les demoiselles Belmont qui sont arrive'es
avec leur pere ? J'ai trouve le pere chez monsieur Nollet, mais
les demoiselles sont malades. Qui est ce monsieur-la? C'est
un me'decm; c'est celui que vous avez vu chez moi. Mais, dites-
moi, qui est cette dame-la? C'est la cousine de monsieur Blanc;
c'est la soeur de madame Marmont. A qui sont ces chevaux ?
Ils sont a messieurs Lamartine. A qui avez-vous ecrit ? J'ai
ecrit a monsieur Sauvage qui est a Yienne, et a madame Latour,
qui est a Bruxelles.
92. Have you seen Mr. Douro? He is very tall and (very)
strong. Where is Louis's sister ? She went (estpartie) this week
to Philadelphia. Have you seen the sisters of Mr. Douro?
They are still very young, but they are very amiable. To whom
does this dog belong? It belongs to my brother; it is that
which he has received from Mr. Belmont. To whom does this
meadow belong ? It belongs to Mr. Briggs, who is at Albany.
Who are these gentlemen ? They are the brothers of the phy-
sician. Who are those ladies? This is Mrs. Stanton, and that
is the daughter of Mr. Yerrier.
36
93. Indicative Mood, Present Tense.
je suis, / am nous sommes,
tu es, thou art vous 6tes, you are
ilest Aeis ilssont, |^
elle est, s/ie 25 elles sont, )
j'ai raison, / am (have) right nous avons raison, we are right
tu as raison, thou art right vous avez raison, you are right
il a raison, 7*e is right ils ont raison, they are right
In tiie same manner say, j'ai tort, / am (have) wrong.
le matin, the morning la famille, the family
la visite, the visit parce que, because
venu, come deja, already
Ou est ton frere ? Est-il ici ? II est malade, il est dans sa
chambre. Je suis arrive ce matin. Avec qui est-tu venu ? Je
suis venu avec madame Gerard qui est malade aussi. As-tu deja
fait une visite a monsieur Leboeuf ? J'ai deja fait une visite a
toute la famille. J'ai beaucoup de livres et d'amis, je suis tr&s-
content. Celui qui est content, est riche. Nous sommes riches,
parce que nous sommes toujours contents. Vous avez raison,
et ma soeur a tort. Yous etes encore jeunes; mais vous tes
plus sages qu'elle. Ces demoiselles-la sont tr&s-aimables; elles
ont un oncle qui est tres-riche; il a achete ce grand chateau-la,
tous ces jardins et toutes ces prairies.
94. Art thou my friend? I (it, le) am. I am poor and thou
art rich. My brother has (is) arrived this morning from Brus-
sels. He is come with Mr. Murray, who is his friend. Thy
sister has (is) gone (partie). With whom is she gone ? With
her cousin, with Miss Harris. Hast thou seen Mrs. Brown ? She
is (c'est) the best woman in the (of the) world; she has much
good-will for my father. She has given (to) my brother a
dozen pocket-handkerchiefs, and (to) my sister six pairs of
gloves. We are poor, but we are contented. You have little
money, but you are always diligent.
37
95. Indicative Mood, Imperfect Tense.
j 'e'tais, I was nous e'tions, we were
tu etais, thou wast vous e'tiez, you were
il etait, he was ils talent, 1 th were
elle tait, she was elles ^talent, )
heureux (m.), heureuse (f.), fortunate, happy
malheureuxfraj, malheureuse (f.), unfortunate, unhappy
vertueux (m.), vertueuse (f.), virtuous
paresseux (m. ), paresseuse (f.) t idle
tout a 1'heure, presently, just now a present, now
autrefois, formerly ordinairement, usually
Cette famille e'tait autrefois tres-heureuse. Le pere e'tait
un tres-honn^te homme; la mre e'tait une femme modeste et
vertueuse. Leurs enfants dtaient sages et applique's. Mon
voisin e'tait autrefois riche; mais ses enfants etaient tre~s-
mechants et trds-paresseux. Ceux qui sont paresseux, sont
ordinairement pauvres; mais ceux qui sont applique's, sont
riches et contents. Tu e'tais toujours heureux, parce que tu
e'tais sage et vertueux. L'homme vertueux est toujours heu-
reux; mais celui qui est me'chant, est malheureux. Cette m^re-la
est heureuse, parce qu'elle aime ses enfants qui sont vertueux
et appliques; mais ces femmes-la sont toujours tristes et mal-
heureuses, parce qu'elles sont me'chantes et paresseuses. Nous
e'tions autrefois riches, et vous e'tiez pauvres; mais a pre'-
sent nous sommes pauvres, et vous etes riches. Nous e'tions
toujours amis. Tu ^tais 1'ami de mon frere, et moi, j 'e'tais 1'ami
de ton cousin. Mes freres e'taient toujours dans votre jardin,
et moi, j 'e'tais toujours dans celui de notre voisin.
96. Where were you this morning? I was at the house of
my uncle who has (is) arrived from Boston. My brother and I
(we) were at the house of thy father. Your aunt had (was)
already gone. Where were you just now ? We were just now
at the house of Mr. M., who has a very amiable daughter.
These young ladies were always modest and virtuous. Mr.
Duran was formerly very rich, but now he is poor. We were
formerly unhappy, but now we are happy, happier than you.
38
Thou wast in our garden, and my brother was in thine. Where
was thy sister ? She was at the house of her aunt. Thy aunt
is very unhappy; she has lost all her children.
#7. Indicative Mood, Imperfect Tense.
j 'avals, I had nous avions, we had
tu avals, thou hadst vous aviez, you had
il avail, he had
on avait, one or people had
ils avaient, ) ^ , -,
\ they had
elles avaient, )
ils sont venus, they (m.) have (are) come
elles sont venues, they (f.) have (are) come
les parents, the relatives
mon pere et ma mere, ) varents
mes parents,
le commerce, trade, business Tun, the one
le banquier, the banker 1'autre, the other
le nombre, the number lorsque, when, at the time when
connu, known car, /or, as
le meilleur homme de la ville, the best man in (of) the town
Lorsque j'avais encore mes parents, j'elais tres-heureux.
Mon pere etait riche; il avait beaucoup de maisons, de jardins
et de prairies. Ma mere etait d'une bonne famille; nous avions
un grand commerce. Deux de mes oncles etaient banquiers.
J'ai bien connu vos parents. Yous aviez un grand nombre de
domestiques et de servantes. Yos freres avaient des chevaux
et des chiens; ils e'taient toujours contents. Tu etais encore
jeune, lorsque ton pere avait tant de malheurs. Tes soeurs
etaient amies des miennes; elles avaient aussi beaucoup de
bontes pour moi. Avez-vous aussi connu mes oncles? J'ai
tres-bien connu vos deux oncles; 1'un etait un homme grand et
fort, 1'autre etait tres-petit. Celui-ci etait le meilleur homme
du monde; il avait un fils que j'ai souvent vu chez monsieur
Montgomery; c'e'tait un jeune homme tres-aimable.
98. We (have) had this week a visit from (the visit of the)
Messrs. Smith, who have (are) come (venus) with their sister.
You had many friends when you were still young. We had more
books than you. Our uncle had formerly a great number of birds
39
and dogs. Thou wast always very contented, for thou hadst thy
friends. These two merchants were formerly very happy; they
had a large business. I had two brothers; the one was at
Vienna, the other at Berlin. Didst thou know (hast thou known)
my two brothers? I knew (have known) the one (celui) who
was at Berlin; the other was younger than I. But tell me, where
is your brother now, who had always so many flowers ? He is
gone to America.
9*** eu, had mis, put, laid
et6, been pris, taken
lu, read cherche', sought
j'ai pris, / have taken, I took
tu a pris, thou hast taken, thou tookest
il a pris, he has taken, he took
nous avons pris, we have taken, we took
vous avez pris, you have taken, you took
ils ont pris, they have taken, they took
la page, the page ensemble, together
le plaisir, the pleasure hier, yesterday
1'affaire (f.), the business, work aujourd'hui, to-day
la malle, le coffre, the box, trunk tout, everything, all
Avez-vous pris mon crayon ? J'ai pris votre plume. Nous
avons eu beaucoup de plaisir. Tu as eu aujourd'hui peu d'af-
faires. Mon frere a eu tort. Mes soeurs ont eu raison. J'ai
trouve hier ton frere; nous avons ete' ensemble chez ton oncle
qui e'tait malade. Ou as-tu mis ma chemise? J'ai mis ta
chemise sur une chaise. Qui a pris ma cravate ? Aujourd'hui
tu as tout perdu. J'ai cherche' aussi mes bottes et mes souliers.
On a tout pris. Donnez-rnoi, s'il vous plait, mes gants et mon
mouchoir. Yoici vos bas et votre montre. Avez-vous lu ce
livre? C'est un livre tres-utile. J'ai lu ce livre avec beaucoup
de plaisir. J'ai lu aussi le livre que Henri a prete' a ma sceur.
Avez-vous des affaires aujourd'hui ? Nous avons ordinairement
beaucoup d'affaires. J'ai envoye' ce matin mon frSre chez le
banquier. J'ai vu votre frre; il est parti pour la campagne
avec mon cousin, Oh, le petit merchant I
40
100. Where hast thou put ray pocket-handkerchief? I have
put thy pocket-handkerchief and thy stockings in the box.
Thy brothers have put their gloves on the table. Have you
taken my pen ? Here is a pen, it is my brother's (that of my
brother); but where is mine? This belongs to my cousin;
there is also yours. Where have you been this morning? We
have been at (chez) the shoemaker's. Yesterday we were to-
gether at (chez) the tradesman's, who sells linen and pocket-
handkerchiefs. Who has had my penknife ? I have had your
penknife. Have you read the book which I (have) lent to
Louisa's sister ? We have read three pages of that book. It
has given (cause) much pleasure to (the) little Matilda.
101. j'ai e'te', / have been nous avons e'te', we have been
tu as e'te, thou hast been vous avez ete, you have been
il a ft* he has been ils ont A6, \ t7iey have been
elle a e'te, she has been elles ont ete, )
on a ete, one has been, people have been
Qui a ete la? Monsieur Roland a e'te' ici; il a mis ce
livre-ci sur la table. As-tu ete' chez le cordonnier? J'ai ete
hier chez le cordonnier: il a deja fait vos bottes. Ces enfants
ont e'te' malades toute la semaine; ils ont mange' trop de pom-
mes dans le jardin du voisin. Yous avez e'te malheureux dans vos
affaires, mais nos freres ont ete tres-heureux. Cette femme a
toujours e'te vertueuse, mais ses enfants ont toujours e'te pares-
seux. Mon voisin a ete' 1'homme le plus riche de la ville. Ou
avez-vous e'te' ce matin ? Nous avons e'te' chez Charles qui est
toujours triste, parce que sa ra&re est partie. Mes sceurs ont
e'te' trds-contentes; elles ont eu beaucoup de plaisir. Madame
Roland est trds-aimable; elle a ete aujourd'hui chez mon oncle.
102. We went (have been) yesterday to the garden of our
neighbor, where we (have) had much pleasure. We have
eaten some apples and pears. You are very fortunate: have
you also seen his trees and flowers ? We have seen everything.
We have been very contented, but my sisters have been very
naughty; they have taken some fruit which the gardener had
put into a little basket for Josephine. When the neighbor came
(is come), he said (has said) to my sisters: you are naughty;
you have taken the fruit which was for your cousin (/.). My
sisters have wept, and (they) have been very sad. Your neigh-
bor is an honest man; he has always been the friend of those
who are virtuous.
103. Indicative Mood, Present Tense, Negatively.
ne pas, not, no
je ne suis pas, / am not je n'ai pas, / have not
tu n'es pas, thou art not tu n'as pas, thou hast not
il n'est pas, he is not il n'a pas, he has not
nousnesommespas,wearetto nous n'avons pas, ive have not
vous n'etes pas, you are not vous n'avez pas, you have not
ils ne sont pas, they are not ils n'ont pas, they have not
II n'a pas d'argent. He has no money.
Ils n'ont pas de livres. They have no books.
Je ne suis pas malade. Tu n'es pas content, tu n'as pas
assez de bonte's pour tes amis. Mon frere n'est pas heureux,
il n'a pas d'amis. Ma soeur n'est pas applique'e, elle n'aime pas
le travail. On n'est pas vertueux, lorsqu'on n'aime pas ses pa-
rents. Nous ne sommes pas tristes, nous n'avons pas perdu nos
livres. Vous n'tes pas appliques, vous n'avez pas fait (done)
vos themes. Yos freres ne sont pas paresseux, ils n'ont pas
pleure. Yos soeurs ne sont pas m^chantes, elles n'ont pas pris
mes plumes. Les homines qui sont merchants, ne sont pas heu-
reux. Ceux qui n'ont pas fait leur theme, sont paresseux. Je
ne suis pas venu avec votre frere; je n'ai pas lu le livre que
vous avez lu. Beaucoup de livres ne sont pas utiles.
104. I am not rich, but I am contented. I have not drunk of
this wine. Thou art not the first in (of) the class, and (thou) hast
not done (made) the best exercise. This town is not pleasant.
This dog is not faithful. Our neighbor has not bought this
house. We are not poor, we have not sold our gardens. You
are not unhappy, you have not lost your relatives. These exer-
cises are not difficult. These houses are not high. My friends
have not found their father; they are not gone to Mr. Mably's.
Your sisters have not done their exercises, they are not diligent.
42
Masculine. Feminine.
cruel cruelle, cruel, fierce
mortel inorteile, mortal
immortel immortelle, immortal
las lasse, tired
bas basse, low
gros grosse, large
vif vive, lively
aetif active, active
neuf neuve, new
ne pas, no, no ne plus, TIO more, -MO more,
no longer
ne point, no a all, no ne jamais, not ever, never
il n'aime pas, he does not like
il n'aime point, he does not like at all
ce n'est pas, this (it) is not
ce ne sont pas, these (they) are not
il n'y a pas, there is, (there are) not
le corps, the body la chevre, the goat
1'ame (f.), the soul la brebis, the sheep
1'hydne (f.), the hyena si, so, if; aussi, also, as
La brebis est un animal utile. La brebis n'est pas si vive
que la chevre. Les chevres sont des animaux tres-vifs. Le
corps est mortel, mais Fame est immortelle. L'hyene est
cruelle; le tigre n'est pas si cruel que l'hyne. Ma cousine
n'est pas active; elle fait peu de plaisir a ses parents. Cette
pauvre femme est lasse. Ces animaux sont tres-gros. Yous
avez la une grosse pomme. La maison du jardinier est tres-
basse. Toutes les maisons de cette ville sont basses. Mon
chapeau est neuf. Cette corbeille n'est pas neuve. Je n'ai
point de domestique: Jean est parti, et Henri n'est pas encore s
arrive. Guillaume n'est plus chez moi. Mon pere n'a pas de
domestiques. Ce n'est pas bien fait. Ce ne sont pas vos gants,
ce sont les miens. Ce n'est pas votre chapeau, c'est celui de
mon frere. II n'y a pas de fruit dans ce jardin. Mon oncle
n'est pas si riche que mon voisin: il n'a pas tant de chevaux.
43
'. All men are mortal. These animals are very fierce.
Are you tired, (my) children ? I am not yet tired, but my sister
is very tired. My shoes are new, but my boots are not new.
This child is very lively, but his sister is not so lively. Our
servant is an idle man, but our maid-servant is very active.
Our servants (f.) are not so active as yours. This letter is not
well written: it is not so well written as thy sister's (that of
thy sister). Thy cousin is very naughty; he has no friends.
This is not my cousin, it is the friend of my cousin. Where are
my stockings? They are not thine, they are my brother's
(those of my brother). We have been at (chez) the gardener's;
we have never had more pleasure. My father is richer than
our neighbour; but he is not so rich as the banker.
107. Masculine. Feminine.
beau, bel belle, beautiful, fine
nouveau, nouvel nouvelle, new
vieux, vieil vieille, old
doux douce, sweet, gentle
faux fausse, false, treacherous, insincere
frais fraiche, fresh, new
sec seche, dry
blanc blanche, white
long longue, long
bel, nouvel, vieil are used instead of beau, nouveau, vieux,
before a vowel or silent h.
la fourchette, the fork 1'habit (raj, the coat, dress, garment
la main, the hand un cheveu, a single hair
1'encrier fraj, theinkstand les cheveux (m.), the hair
Voila un bon couteau et une bonne fourchette. Mes cou-
teaux sont aussi bons que les votres, mais vos fourchettes sont
meilleures que les miennes. Mon mouchoir est blanc; cette
toile n'est pas si blanche. Mon gant est sec, rnais votre cra-
vate n'est pas encore s6che, Ce jardin est long. Ma sceur a
les cheveux tres-longs. Vos mains ne sont pas si longues que
les miennes. Donnez-moi, s'il vous plait, du pain frais. Avez-
vouz de 1'eau fraiche ? Voila un beau chateau. Ces chateaux
sont tres-beaux. Vous avez la une belle fleur. Get homme
est deja vieux. Sa femme est vieille aussi. Ce vin n'est pas
44
doux. Ces poires sont plus douces que ces pommes. J'ai requ
un nouveau livre et une nouvelle plume. Le chat est faux, inais
la brebis n'est pas fausse. Yoici un bel horame. J'ai un nouvel
encrier. Get homme a un vieux chapeau et un vieil habit.
108. My mother has bought a dozen knives and forks. The
ham which you have received, is not fresh, but this mustard is
fresh. Mr. Mably is very handsome; his sister is still more
handsome; she has the most beautiful hair in (of) the world.
These lemons are dry, but these pears are still drier. Henry
has given (to) my brother an apple which is very sweet. Our
old servant (f.) is ill. Francis has received a new penknife
and a new watch. My letter is not so long as thine. These
girls are very gentle. Thy sisters are not so insincere as thy
cousins (f.).
109. Singular. Plural.
quel (raj, quelle (f.) quels (m.), quelles (f.), which, what
le temps, the time, weather depuis, since, ago
1'heure (f.), the hour, time (of day) midi, mid-day, noon
1'age (m. ), the age minuit, midnight
le quart, the quarter quinze jours, a fortnight
tard, late moins, less
demi (m.), demie (f.), half
midi et demi, half past twelve (mid-day)
une heure et demie, half past one
quelle heure est-il ? what o'clock is it ? ivhat time is it ?
huit heures et quart, a quarter past eight
onze heures moins vingt (minutes), twenty minutes to eleven
cinq heures et dix (minutes), ten minutes after Jive
il y a six mois, six months ago
il y a un an, a year ago
quel age avez-vous? how old are you (what age have you)?
j'ai seize ans, 1 am sixteen years old (I have sixteen years).
Quel livre as-tu perdu ? Quelle plume as-tu la ? De quel
jardinier as-tu recju ces pommes? A quelle pauvre femme as-tu
45
donne* ton pain ? A celle-ci. Chez quel marchand avez-vous
achete' cette belle toile ? Chez notre voisin. Dans quels livres
avez-vous lu ? Dans ceux-ci. Quelle heure est-il ? II est six
heures; il n'est pas encore tard. A quelle heure 6tes-vous
arrives? Nous sommes arrives a neuf heures et quart; a
onze heures moins un quart. Ma soeur est arrive'e a midi; a
midi et demi. Yotre oncle est parti depuis trois mois, et votre
tante depuis six mois. Quel age a votre cousin ? II a seize
ans, mais ma cousine n'a pas encore douze ans. Combien de
temps avez-vous 6t6 a Philadelphie ? J'ai dte neuf mois a Phila-
delphie, et quinze mois a Baltimore. Je suis arrive il n'y a pas
encore quinze jours. J'ai vu votre fr&re a Westpoint il y a
trois semaines; il est grand et gros.
110. What knife hast thou found ? What flowers hast thou
there ? On what table hast thou laid my penknife ? What shoe-
maker has made thy shoes ? At (chez) what bookseller's hast
thou bought these pencils ? In what towns hast thou been ?
To what merchants have you written ? What time is it? It is
one o'clock (one hour) ; it is not yet half-past one (one hour
and a half). Tell me, if you please, what o'clock it is. It is a
quarter to eleven. At what hour did you arrive (are you ar-
rived) ? At midnight. Where is your cousin ? He has been
(is) at St. Louis for (since) three months. How long were you
(have you been) at Rochester ? We were a fortnight at Ro-
chester. How old are you ? I am twenty years old, and my
brother sixteen (years). Your father is very old.
111. Indicative Mood, Imperfect Tense, Negatively.
je n'etais pas, I was not je n'avais pas, I had not
tu n'e'tais pas, thou wast not tu n'avais pas, thou hadst not
il n'&ait pas, lie was not il n'avait pas, he had not
nous n'etions pas, we ivere not nous n'avions pas, we had not
vous n'etiez pas, you were not vous n'aviez pas, you had not
ils n'dtaient pas, they were not ils n'avaient pas, they had not
gone revenu, returned^
sorti, gone out arrive', arrived
parti, gone away, set out, de- rest6,remained, stayed, stayed
parted, started behind
46
il est sorti, he is gone out
elle est sortie, she is gone out
ils sont sortis, they are gone out (m.)
elles sont sorties, they are gone out (f.)
dormi, slept
Yous e'tiez sorti ce matin, lorsque je suis arrive. Yous
n'6tes pas venu a huit heures; il etait plus tard. Mon frere
n'etait pas sorti, il n'avait pas encore fait ses themes. J'etais
malade hier; je n'avais pas assez dormi. Mes soeurs n'etaient
pas allees avec moi ; elles n'avaient pas encore crit leurs
lettres. Lorsque j'e'tais a Chicago, je n'avais pas tant d'amis
qu'aujourd'hui; je n'e'tais pas si content. Yous n'etiez pas si
actif, YOUS n'aviez pas tant d'affaires. Mon cousin et moi,
nous etions autrefois plus heureux qu'a present. Quelle heure
etait-il lorsque votre pere est parti ? II n'e'tait pas encore onze
heures. Mes cousines n'e'taient pas encore sorties. J'ai envoye
la servante chez le cordonnier; je n'avais plus de souliers. Quel
age avait votre frere, lorsqu'il etait a Philadelphie ? II avait
dix ans; dix ans et demi.
112. Have you slept well? I have not slept well. You were
not here yesterday. We were gone out. We had no more
business. These gentlemen were not so rich formerly, and
these ladies had not so many friends (f.). Thou wast not so
contented formerly; thou hadst not so much pleasure as at
present. At noon my brothers had (were) not yet arrived: my
parents had not yet received any (de) letters. Have you been
ill ? We have not been ill; we did (are) not come, because we
had not time. At what hour did they arrive (are they arrived) ?
113. je n'ai pas ete', I have not been, I ivas not
tu n'as pas ete, thou hast not been
il n'a pas ete', he has not been
nous n'avons pas etd, we have not been
vous n'avez pas e'te', you have not been
ils n'ont pas e'te', they have not been
In the same manner conjugate:
je n'avais pas ete, I had not been.
_ 41
personne ne, no one rien ne, nothing
Personne n'a trouve' la bourse, No one has found the purse.
Je n'ai trouve personne, / have found no one.
Rien n'est plus agre'able, Nothing is more agreeable.
Je n'ai rien perdu, / have lost nothing.
depuis quand ? since ivften, how long ?
Depuis quand est-il ici? How long has he been fore
(since when is he here) ?
Depuis quand sont-ils ici ? How long have they been here
(since when are they here} ?
II y a longtemps que je suis ici. ) f , , , , , .
. . . f .I /tu/i/c/ i/ct//(/ /to/ o Ui (j\f Hi\J (jit
Je suis ici depuis longtemps. )
que, that le succes, the success
J'ai ete ce matin chez mon oncle, ou j'ai trouve' monsieur
Rouge mont que je n'avais pas vu depuis trois ans. Vous n'avez
pas e'te hier dans le jardin de votre tante. II y a longtemps
que je suis chez cette bonne femme. Mes enfants n'ont pas
6t6 malades. Nous n'avons jamais ete dans cette ville. Mon
frere n'a jamais ete plus content qu'aujourd'hui. Mon fils, tu
n'as pas e'te applique', tu n'as pas fait tes themes. Mes enfants,
vous n'avez pas ete sages, vous avez mange tout mon fruit.
Nous n'avons rien mange, nous n'avons pas e'te' dans votre
chambre. Personne n'a e'te' ici; personne n'a pris vos pommes.
Rien n'est plus beau; vous n'avez rien pris, vous n'avez vu per-
sonne, et mes pommes ne sont plus dans ma boite. Depuis quand
etes-vous ici ? II n'y a pas longtemps que nous sommes ici.
114. Nobody is more unhappy than this young man. He is
never contented, he has no friends, he loves no one. Hast thou
seen my uncle ? He has not yet been at my father's. We have
not been long in (at) Washington. You have not been fortunate
(in your business, you have not had much success. Your brothers
lhave not been so unfortunate, they have sold much. Thou
hast not been diligent, thou hast done nothing. I have done
nothing because I am ill. How long hast thou been ill ? (Since
when art thou ill ?) Since yesterday. Thy sisters have not been
idle, they have done everything. This poor child has eaten
nothing. My brothers have written nothing.
48
Indicative Present, Interrogatively and Negatively,
ne suis-je pas ? am 1 not? n'ai-je pas ? have I not?
n'es-tu pas ? art thou not? n'as-tu pas ? hast thou not?
n'est-il pas ? is he not? n'a-t-il pas? has he not?
ne sommes-nous pas? are we n'avons-nous pas? have we
not? not?
n'tes-vous pas? are you not? n'avez-vouspas? haveyounot?
neont-ils pas? are they not? n'ont-ils pas? have they not?
In the same manner conjugate:
n'etais- je pas ? was I not ? n'avais-je pas ? had I not ?
n'ai-je pas ete ? have I not been ? n'ai-je pas eu ? have I not had ?
n'avais-je pas ete ? had I not been ? n'avais-je pas eu ? had I not had ?
Y a-t-il longtemps que vous Have you been here long?
tes ici ?
N'y a-t-il pas longtemps que Have not your sisters been
TOS soeurs sont ici ? here long?
Ne suis-je pas tres-heureux ? N'ai-je pas beaucoup de plai-
sir ? N'es-tu pas content? N'as-tu pas assez? N'est-il pas en-
core venu ? N'a-t-il pas dcrit ? N'est-elle pas aimable ? N'a-t-elle
pas beaucoup de bonte's pour moi ? Ne sommes-nous pas ap-
plique's? N'avons-nous pas fait beaucoup de themes? N'6tes-
TOUS pas les amis de mon cousin ? N'avez-vous pas connu mon
oncle? Voila mes freres; ne sont-ils pas tres-las? N'ont-ils
pas trouve' leurs amis? Yoila aussi mes soeurs; ne sont-elles
pas tristes ? N'ont-elles pas perdu leurs livres ? N'etais-je pas
autrefois 1'homme le plus heureux du monde ? N'avait-il pas
toujours les plus beaux chiens ? N'etions-nous pas plus riches
que nos voisins? N'avez-vous jamais etd a San Francisco?
N'aviez-vous pas encore vu cette ville? N'ai-je pas ete souvent
dans cette maison? Depuis quand n'as-tu pas ete chez mon
oncle? N'a-t-il jamais ete dans notre jardin? N'avez-vous pas
e'te' mechants ? N'ont-ils pas e'te les premiers ? N'ont-elles pas
e'te' les dernieres ? N'avions-nous pas toujours ete les plus actifs?
Y a-t-il longtemps que ces dames sont ici ?
116. Have (am) I not come? Hast thou no bread? It is
not yet time. Has he said nothing ? Have we no more pears ?
Are you the servants (m.) of my uncle ? There are my children;
49
have they not cried ? Wast thou not here yesterday ? Had he
not watered his flowers ? Were we never together ? Had you
never seen these birds? There are your sisters; have they not
been a long time in New York ? Hast thou not been to-day at
the physician's ? Has he not had my penknife this morning ?
Have we not always been at your uncle's ? Have you not yet
eaten cherries ? Have you never been in this house ? Had you
not lost your parents, when you were at London ? Have ou
not yet been to (at) Brooklyn ?
11? . Indicative Mood, Future Tense,
je serai, / shall or will be
tu seras, thou shalt or wilt be
il sera, he shall or will be
nous serons, we shall or will be
vous serez, you shall or will be
ils seront, they shall or will be
j'aurai, I shall or will have
tu auras, thou shalt or wilt have
il aura, he shall or will have
nous aurons, we shall or will have
vous aurez, you shall or will have
ils auront, they shall or will have
demain, to-morrow raisonnable, reasonable
Seras-tu aujourd'hui dans ton jardin ? Auras-tu des affaires ?
Nous aurons beau temps. Yous n'aurez pas la visite de ces
messieurs. A quelle heure serez- vous chez votre oncle ? Quel
age a votre frere? II aura dix ans dans peu de jours. Ou
seront demain vos soeurs ? Elles ne seront pas encore a Wash-
ington. Quand vous serez a Saratoga, vous aurez beaucoup
de plaisir. Si vos cousines sont parties, elles auront beau
temps. Dans trois jours je serai chez mes parents. Nous
serons contents, quand nous aurons rec,u cet argent. Ma soeur
sera contente, quand elle aura fait son th&ne. Dites au domes-
tique que je serai dans ma chambre. Tu auras cet oiseau,
quand tu seras applique'. N'aurai-je pas aussi ce beau canif que
mon pere a achete' ? Yous aurez un chapeau neuf, et vos
50
auront une douzaine de mouchoirs. Ma cousine ne sera plus si
triste, quand elle aura vu ses parents. Ces enfants auront e'te'
tres-sages. Us auront eu beaucoup de plaisir.
118. I shall have some pears and apples to-morrow. I shall
always be diligent. You shall have (sing.) some paper, ink,
and pens, when you are (shall be) reasonable. My sister will
have three pairs of stockings, and two pairs of gloves. Shall
we have some vinegar, flour, and cheese to-day? Will you
always be as happy as you (it) are to-day ? Will you not often
have a visit from your friends? When wilt thou receive
(auras-tu) thy new boots ? These children will be tired. Your
sisters will not be so unhappy as I. The soldiers will have no
more generals. Our gardener will have no more flowers; he
will be very sad.
119. Conditional.
je serais, / should or ivould be
tu serais, thou shouldst or wouldst be
il serait, he should or would be
nous serions, we should or would be
vous seriez, you should or would be
ils seraient, they should or would be
j'aurais, / should or would have
tu aurais, thou shouldst or wouldst have
il aurait, he should or would have
nous aurions, we should or would have
vous auriez, you should or would have
ils auraient, they should or ivould have
sij'avais, if Iliad sij'etais, if I were
si j'avais eu, if I had had si j'avais e'te', if I had been
II est alte chez mon frere. He is gone to my brother's.
Je serais plus heureux, si j'avais des livres et des amis.
J'aurais plus de plaisir, si mes cousins e'taient ici. Tu ne serais
pas si riche, si tu n'avais pas fait tant d'affaires. Charles
n'aurait pas trouve' son pere, s'il tait arrive^ un peu plus tard.
Louise ne serait pas si triste, si elle avait ces belles fleurs-ci.
51
Nous ne serions pas encore venus, si nous n'avions pas rec,u
une lettre de notre pere. Beaucoup d'hommes seraient plus
heureux, s'ils elaient plus actifs. Ces filles ne seraient pas si
mechantes, si elles n'avaient pas perdu leur mere. Si tu avais
eu des amis, tu aurais ete plus content. S'il avait eu de 1'ar-
gent, il aurait achete ces couteaux. Si je n'avais pas ete' chez
,le medecin, je serais tres-malade. Si vous aviez 6t6 plus sage,
vous n'auriez pas e'te malheureux. Si je n'avais trouve' per-
sonne, je serais alle chez mon oncle. Si nous n'avions rien fait,
nous aurions e'te' tres-paresseux. Mon pere a dit que nous
aurions demain un autre domestique. Ma mere a dent qu'elle
serait dans deux jours a Boston si le temps etait beau.
120. Wouldst thou be contented if thou hadst all these flowers ?
Godfrey would not have bought that dog, if he had not received
some money. Matilda would not have (be) departed, if she
had been ill. If we had not so many friends, we should have
little pleasure. Would you not have been very naughty if you
had taken these knives ? These parents would not be so happy
if their children were not so diligent and modest. No one
would have been richer than our neighbor, if he had not had
so much ill fortune (malheurs). These (this) people would not
be so unhappy if they (il) had more money. We should have
(be) gone to our aunt's if the weather had been fine. This
shoemaker would not be so poor if he were not so idle. My
cousins would not have been so sad if they had received the
letters from their father.
121.
Yotre frere est-il malade ? Is your brother ill?
Sa soeur n'est-elle pas venue ? Has (is) not his sister come?
Yos soeurs sont-elles arrive'es? Have (are) your sisters arrived?
Ces enfants ont-ils e'te' sages ? Have these children been good?
Ce chien est-il fidele ? Get e'en n'est-il pas faux ? Monsieur
Sicard n'est-il pas encore arrive'? Yos enfants sont-ils malades?
Cette chemise n'est-elle pas tres-blanche ? Yotre voisin a-t-il
rec,u des lettres de son fils ? La campagne n'est-elle pas plus
52
agitable que la ville ? Louise n'a-t-elle pas eld plus applique*e
que Josephine ? Votre tante n'avait-elle pas autrefois un grand
commerce ? Yotre oncle n'e'tait-il pas le plus riche libraire de
la ville ? Ce marchand ne vend-il pas aussi de la toile ? Ces
arbres-ci ne sont-ils pas plus hauts que ceux-la ? Ces maisons-
la ne sont elles pas plus belles que celles-ci? Yotre cousin
n'aura-t-il pas des bottes neuves ? Ta cousine ne sera-t-elle pas
tres-triste, quand sa mere sera partie ? Depuis quand votre
fils est-il a Albany? Yotre sceur a-t-elle bien dormi cette
nuit ? Cette chambre ne sera-t-elle pas trop petite ? Ces bas
seront-ils assez longs ? Ces chaises ne seront-elles pas un peu
basses? Ces messieurs ne seraient-ils pas tr6s-riches, s'ils
avaient toujours ete' aussi actifs qu'a present? Marie sera
toujours sage et applique'e.
122. Is this child ill ? Is this exercise difficult ? Is not the
moon smaller than the sun? Are not these flowers more
beautiful than mine ? Has your neighbor sold his house ? Do
these meadows belong to the neighbor of our aunt ? Was your
cousin at Baltimore yesterday ? Were not these children always
more diligent than ours ? Has Charles been at the shoemaker's ?
Has the shoemaker made a pair of shoes for Henry ? Have not
these girls been very diligent ? How long is it since your ser-
vant went out? (since when is your servant gone out?) Will
these gentlemen always be the first? Would these ladies always
be the first ? Would not these ladies have been very sad if they
had lost their children ? Shall we have a lesson to-day ? Has
found his book ?
parler, to speak, talk; parle, spoken
Indicative Present.
je parle, / speak parle-je ? am I speaking?
tu paries, thou speakest parles-tu ? art thou speaking?
il parle, he speaks parle-t-il ? is he speaking?
nous parlons, ive speak parlons-nous ? are we speaking?
vous parlez, you speak parlez-vous? are you speaking?
ils parleilt, they speak parlent-ils ? are they speaking?
53 -
je ne parle pas, 7 am not speaking
ne parle\je pas ? am I not speaking?
chercher, to seek, look for penser, to think
aimer, to love, like que ? what ?
le bien, the good, that which is right
In English, the Present Tense may be expressed in three different ways;
namely, I speak, I am speaking, I do speak; in French, there
is only one form for the Present Tense; as: je parle.
Que cherchez-vous ? Moi, je cherche ma plume, et mon
frere cherche son crayon. Nous cherchons notre chien. Ces
enfants cherchent leurs livres. Que pensez-vous de ma sosur ?
Je pense qu'elle est tres-malade. Avez-vous pense' a mon canif ?
Tu penses que nous avons perdu tout notre argent. Nous
pensons tous les jours a nos amis. Yous ne pensez jamais a
vos affaires. Les riches ne pensent pas aux malheurs des
pauvres. J'aime ton frere. Aimes-tu aussi mon cousin ? Ma
mere aime Charles et Godefroi; elle parle toujours de Mathilde
et de Louise. Dieu aime les hommes qui font le bien. Nous
aimons les enfants du medecin; nous parlons souvent du plaisir
que nous avons eu dans leur jardin. Yous n'aimez pas les
fleurs, vous ne parlez jamais de votre jardin. Les bons enfants
aiment leurs parents. Ces meres sont heureuses; elles parlent
avec plaisir de leurs enfants,
124. I am always thinking of (to) my sister. If thou lovest
thy parents, thou wilt be happy. Thy cousin is looking for her
bonnet. Our gardener is always speaking of his son. I do not
love (the) naughty children. We are not speaking of these
girls, but of those. I have never spoken. Have I not spoken
well ? Thou speakest too much, my friend. Sensible men usually
speak little, but they think much. Hast thou thought of my
books ? I did not think (have not thought) that thou wouldst
be here. What art thou looking for? I am looking for my
watch. No one has taken thy watch, it is on the table. Do
you like (the) coffee ? We do not like (the) coffee, but we like
(the) chocolate. My cousins (f.) like (the) coffee and (the) milk.
54
125. Indicative Imperfect.
je parlais, / spoke, was speaking, used to speak
tu parlais, tJiou spokest, ivas speaking, etc.
il parlait, he spoke, was speaking, etc.
nous parlions, we spoke, were speaking, etc.
vous parliez, you spoke, were speaking, etc.
ils parlaient, they spoke, were speaking, etc.
parlais-je ? was I speaking?
je ne parlais pas, I was not speaking
ne parlais-je pas ? was I not speaking?
quand, when intelligent, intelligent
In English, the Imperfect Tense may be expressed in four different ways;
as: I spoke, I was speaking, I used to speak, I did speak.
In French, there is only one form for the Imperfect Tense; as: je parlais.
Autrefois j'aimais le jeu, mais a present j'aime les livres.
Tu n'aimais pas les fleurs, tu parlais toujours de tes chiens et
de tes chats. Ton cousin cherchait encore son chapeau, lorsque
nous sommes partis. Nous parlions souvent a votre oncle,
lorsque vous etiez a Boston. Mes fils n'aimaient pas les affaires;
ils etaient toujours paresseux. Si vous ne parliez pas si souvent,
vous seriez plus aimables. Notre voisin serait tres-riche, s'il
aimait plus le travail. Ces demoiselles seraient plus contentes,
si elles ne cherchaient pas le bonheur dans les plaisirs du monde.
Si je n'aimais pas mes parents, je serais tres-mechant. Henri
et moi, nous n'aimions pas les faux amis; nous cherchions
toujours ceux qui etaient fideles. Louise et Marie pensaient
toujours au jeu; elles ne parlaient jamais de livres. Si j'avais
vu mon canif ici, je n'aurais pas cherche si longtemps.
126. I formerly liked this young man: he was always so modest
and so intelligent; he spoke little, but very well; and he always
sought friends who liked books more than wine. We were often
together, we never thought of play. What were you looking
for yesterday, when I was talking with my father? I was
looking for my hat, which I had lost. I should not have looked
- 55 -
so long (si longtemps), if thy brother had (was) not come. Thy
mother and mine are talking together. The cat has taken the
meat. The merchant whom you were looking for to-day,
has been here. Who is the young man that was speaking
with my father this morning ? He is a bookseller who was
formerly very rich; but he liked pleasure and wine too much;
he is now very poor.
127. Indicative Future.
je parlerai, / shall or will speak
tu parleras, thou shall or wilt speak
il parlera, he shall or will speak
nous parlerons, we shall or will speak
vous parlerez, you shall or will speak
ils parleront, they shall or will speak
Conditional.
je parlerais, / should or would speak
tu parlerais, thou shouldst, etc.
il parlerait, he should, etc.
nous parlerions, we should, etc.
vous parleriez, you should, etc.
ils parleraient, they should, etc.
laborieux (raj, laborieuse (f.), industrious
Je parlerai aujourd'hui a monsieur Brown, qui est arrive'
avec sa sceur. Penserez-vous a mes affaires ? Je penserai a
vos affaires et aux miennes. Ne chercherez-vous pas le canif
que vous avez perdu hier? Nous chercherons plus tard en-
semble. Tu ne penseras plus a moi, quand tu seras a Rich-
mond. Ce jeune homme est tres-laborieux : il a beaucoup
d'argent. Ces messieurs penseront plus souvent a leurs plaisirs
qu'a leurs affaires. Si je parlais aussi bien que vous, je parle-
rais plus souvent. Si tu avais des livres utiles, tu ne penserais
plus au jeu. Mon pere n'aimerait pas ce jeune homme, s'il
n'e'tait pas si modeste. Nos cousins sont alles chercher leurs
amis; nous chercherions aussi les notres, s'ils n'dtaient pas
partis. Vous penseriez plus souvent a vos livres, si vous tiez
plus applique's. Ces jeunes demoiselles n'aimeraient pas tant
les plaisirs. si elles avaient moms d'amies.
56
128. Wilt thou Bpeak to thy cousin to-day ? I will not speak
to my cousin to-day. Thou wilt look for thy brother a long
time; he is not here. Will he think also of my books ? We
shall often speak of this town. You will love these pleasures
no more. These children will look for their mother. I should
speak to the physician if I were ill. Thou wouldst not like
this dog if he were not so faithful. Our servant (f.) would
think of everything if she were not so idle. We would not
seek another servant if Louisa were industrious. If you had
put your boots on the table, you would not have looked for
them so long (looked so long). These gentlemen would not
love pleasure so much, if they had less money.
129. chanter, to sing louer, to praise
jouer, to play oublier, to forget
blamer, to Name travailler, to ivork
ecouter, to listen, listen to
la chanson, the song la guitare, the guitar
le violon, the violin le maitre, the master
la flute, tJte flute le cahier, the copy-book
appris, learnt pendant, during, for
le soir, the evening
Aton frere joue du violon et de My "brother plays on (of) the
la flute. violin and on (of) the flute.
Yotre frere a chant une belle chanson, il chante tres-bien.
Chantez-vous aussi? Je ne chante pas; mais mes freres chan-
tent tous. Yous avez oublie mon cahier; vous oubliez tout.
Yoila mes soeurs; elles jouent avec leurs amies. Plus tard nous
jouerons aussi. Ces enfants ont jou6 hier ensemble. Le maitre
a beaucoup blam6 Emilie; il a dit qu'elle ne travaillait pas,
qu'elle jouait toujours et qu'elle oubliait tout. Les enfants
sages e'coutent leur maitre. Si vous ne travaillez pas, vous
serez toujours pauvres. Adolphe n'a pas appris sa lec,on; il
est paresseux. Le maitre blame les enfants paresseux, mais il
loue ceux qui sont applique's. Nous ne louons pas votre sceur,
parce qu'elle est tres-me'chante. Yotre frre joue-t-il du violon ?
Mon frere joue du violon, et mes cousins jouent de la flute.
57
Travaillerez-vous ce soir ? Nous ne travaillerons pas ce soir.
Chanter as-tu aujourd'hui ? Mes sceurs chanteront. Autrefois
je chantais plus souvent, mais je ne travaillais pas.
130. Who has sung this beautiful song ? It is my sister who
has sung this song. We have listened with pleasure. Does
your sister sing? She (has) learned singing (a chanter) for six
months. Do you play (of) the violin? My brother plays the
violin; but my sister and I (we) play the guitar. Do your
brothers also sing ? My brothers sang formerly very well, but
now they no longer sing. The teacher blamed thy cousin
Charles yesterday, but he praised thy cousin Mary. Has thy
brother worked to-day? He has worked this morning, and he
will work again this evening. We would network so long, if we
had not so much business. Hast thou forgotten my penknife ?
I have forgotten nothing; there is also thy copy-book and (thy)
pen. Thy brother forgets everything, he will forget his exercises.
131.
donner, to give preter, to lend
porter, to carry, wear pleurer, to weep
cotiter, to cost demeurer, to live, dwell
trouver, to find, meet with, like
le drap, the cloth noir, black
le tailleur, the tailor excellent, excellent
pourquoi? ivhy? comment, how
Combien ce drap coute-Wl? ) ffmy much ^ ^ ^
Combien coute ce drap ? )
Je ne cherche pas mon cahier. Tu ne donnes rien aux
pauvres. Get enfant pleure, il n'a pas de pain. Nous trou-
vons toujours des amis, quand nous sommes riches. Vous por-
tez toujours des habits noirs. Combien coute le drap de votre
habit ? Ou avez-vous achetd ce beau canif ? Comment trouvez-
vous ce vin ? Je trouve que ce vin est excellent. Pourquoi
pleurez-vous ? Nous ne pleurons pas. Ou portez-vous ce drap ?
Nous portons ce drap chez le tailleur. Ou demeurez-vous ? Je
demeure chez mon oncle. Messieurs Barton ne demeurent plus
58
icl Je pr&terai mon livre a votre frSre, s'il a perdu le si en.
Vous ne trouverez jamais le temps long, si vous airnez le travail.
Ces enfants pleureront beaucoup, quand leur mere sera partie.
132. What did (have) these cups cost? What tailor has
made this garment ? Where does he live ? Why do you not
work? Who has found this knife? Of (chez) whom did you
buy (have you bought) this cloth? Why didst thou weep yes-
terday? How did he like this wine? How many trees wilt
thou give to the gardener ? To whom will you lend this book?
Have those gentlemen lived long here? (See Ex. 115.) Does
thy sister always wear black stockings? How long did you
wear (have you worn) that large hat? Wouldst thou give thy
violin for this flute ? Bid this guitar cost twenty francs ? Will
thy brother carry all these books? Is this fruit good? How
much will this house cost?
133. finir, to finish; fini, finished
Indicative Present,
je finis, I finish, do finish, am nous finissons, we finish, do
finishing finish, are finishing
tu finis, thou finishest, etc. vous finissez, you finish, etc.
il finit, he finishes, etc. ils finissent, they finish, etc.
punir, to punish obelr, to obey
salir, to soil, dirty choisir, to choose
batir, to build remplir, to fill, fulfil, do
le devoir, tJie duty le ruban, the ribbon
Get enfant obdit a sa mre. This child obeys (to) his mother.
J'obels a mes parents. Tu choisis les meilleurs fruits.
Mon voisin batit trois maisons. Nous remplissons nos devoirs
avec plaisir. Pourquoi ne punissez-vous pas vos enfants, quand
ils sont me'chants? Ces messieurs ne remplissent pas leurs
verres. Je ne punis jamais ce jeune homme, parce qu'il est
toujours bon. Yous avez bien choisi; ce ruban-ci est le plus
beau. N'avez-vous pas encore fini ? Ces messieurs ne finissent
jamais. Si vous ne finissez pas, je parlerai a votre pere. Qui
a rempli ces deux verres ? Pour qui sont les cadeaux que vous
59
choislssez ? Pourquoi ne batissez-vous pas ? Nous ne batissons
pas, parce que nous n'avons point d'argent. Vos soeurs no
sont pas sages; elles salissent toujours leurs habits.
134. I have not yet finished my exercise. Hast thou already
finished thine? We are finishing ours now. Why do you not
also finish yours? My sons always finish their exercises.
The teacher punishes those who do not obey. We always
obey our teacher. You are very sensible; you do your
duty. Who has soiled this copy-book? Henry; he soils every
thing. We never soil our copy-books. Which copy-book hast
thou chosen ? I have not yet chosen. I choose this, and my
sister chooses that. You are too long choosing. Who is build-
ing this house ? It is the bookseller who is building this house.
People are building (On butit) much in this city. Is this bottle
filled? You do not fill the bottles well. There is too little
water in this bottle.
135. Indicative Imperfect.
je finissais, 1 finished, was finishing, used to finish
tu finissais, thou finishedst, wast finishing, etc.
il finissait, he finished, was finishing, etc.
nous finissions, we finished, were finishing, etc.
vous finissiez, you finished, were finishing, etc.
ils finissaient, they finished, were finishing, etc.
Charles e'tait autrefois tres-heureux: il chantait toujours,
il jouait avec ses amis, mais il aimait aussi le travail. Nous
(Stions sou vent ensemble. Nous finissions toujours les premiers
nos themes. Le maitre e'tait toujours content, et il ne punissait
jamais. Nous obe'issions a nos parents, et nous e'coutions nos
maitres. Jean choisissait les meilleurs livres, et Louise cher-
chait les plus beaux fruits. Yous parliez souvent de vos amis,
et vous ne salissiez jamais vos habits. Nos fibres aimaient les
affaires plus que les plaisirs, et ils punissaient ceux qui ne tra-
vaillaient pas. Autrefois, quand nous aimions beaucoup les
cerises, votre mere remplissait toujours nos corbeilles. Nous
portions une partie de nos fruits aux enfants du pauvre menui-
sier qui demeurait dans la maison de notre voisin.
MS. I
60
. If you obeyed (to) your parents you would be happier.
You would be very diligent if you finished (finissiez) your exer-
cises to-day. If we soiled our dresses, our mother would blame
the servants (f.). These gentlemen would find more pleasure
if they fulfilled their duties. It would be (on aurait) wrong
to (of) build now. It would be right to (of) choose these rib-
bons. My brother would be very idle if he did not finish
his exercises to-day. You would be very diligent if you filled
these bottles. If we do not obey (to) our teachers, we shall be
very naughty. He would be right if he punished thy brother
who is generally so idle.
137. Indicative Future.
je finirai, / shall or will finish
tu finiras, thou shalt or wilt finish
il finira, he shall or will finish
nous finirons, we shall or will finish
vous finirez, you shall or will finish
Us finiront, they shall or will finish
Conditional.
je finirais, I should or would finish
tu finirais, thou shouldst or wouldst finish
il finirait, he should or would finish
nous finirions, we should or would finish
vous finiriez, you should or would finish
ils finiraient, they should or would finish
la salle, the room si ne, if not, unless
Quand finirez-vous votre theme ? Je finirai tout a 1'heure.
Tu saliras ton habit, si tu portes cette corbeille. Dieu punira
les me'chants. Nous aurons aujourd'hui des rubans, nous choisi-
rons les plus beaux. Les enfants sages obeiront toujours a
leurs parents. Si mon frere etait ici, je finirais mon theme.
Si j'avais de 1'argent, je batirais une salle. Si je batissais, mon
voisin batirait aussi. Nous ne remplirions plus nos verres, si
le vin n'e'tait pas si bon. Si vous portiez cette huile, vous
saliriez vos gants. Je n'aimerais pas ce jeune homme s'il
61
n'ob&ssait pas a ses parents et a son raaltre. Mes sceurs ne
choisiraient pas ces chapeaux, si elles ne trouvaient que ce sont
les meilleurs. Nous aurions choisi ces bas-ci, s'ils e'taient un
peu plus longs. Yous auriez fini votre theme, si vous aviez
toujours travaille'.
138. I will fill thy glass; thou hast not yet drunk. There is
also cheese and bread. I will give this slice of ham to your
little Francis. We shall finish our letter this evening. Henry
will soil his clothes if he carries this tree. We will always obey
(to) our parents. You will not punish "this young man, because
he has done nothing. Will you also build? I have built enough;
I will not build (any) more. You would finish to-day if you were
more diligent. We would fill our glasses if we had not drunk
enough. You would obey (to) your brother if you were more
sensible. My neighbors would build if they had more money.
139. vendre, to sell; vendu, sold
Indicative Present,
je vends, / sell, am selling
tu vends, thou sellest, art selling
il vend, he sell*, is selling
nous vendons, we sell, are selling
vous vendez, you sell, are selling
ils vendent, they sell, are selling
le prix, the price vert, green
la couleur, the color a la mode, in the fashion,
en, of it fashionable
fin (m.), fine (f.), fine gros (raj, grosse (f.), coarse
la qualite, the quality
Combien vend-il ce drap At how much does he sell this cloth
1'aune ? an ell (this cloth the ell) ?
II le vend vingt francs He sells it at twenty francs an
1'aune. ell (twenty francs the ell).
Yotre oncle vend sa maison. Mon oncle ne vend pas sa
maison, mais il vend son jardin. Combien vendez-vous ce V ~R
OF THE
62
drap noir 1'aune ? Je vends ce drap quatorze francs 1'aune.
C'est trs-cher. Je trouve que c'est tr&s-cher. Voila un drap
vert qui est aussi beau que celui-la, et qui ne coute pas autant.
Ce drap est tres-fin, et la couleur en est belle. Combien dites-
vous que ce drap-ci coute? Quel est le dernier prix de ce drap ?
Nous vendons ce drap dix francs et demi 1'aune. Vous vendez
trds-cher. Les autres marchands de la ville ne vendent pas si
cher que vous. Ce drap est d*une tres-bonne qualite'; vous
trouverez qu'il n'est pas trop cher. Nous en vendons beaucoup
de cette qualite'; ce matin nous en avons vendu vingt aunes.
Tous ceux qui ont achete de ce drap en ont etc tres-contents.
Comment trouves-tu ce drap, Henri ? Je trouve que ce drap
vert est plus gros que ce drap noir. Si c'etait pour moi, je
choisirais celui-ci. Tu as raison. Le tailleur a dit aussi que
le vert n'dtait plus a la mode.
140. Where are these beautiful pencils sold? (Where do
people sell, etc. ?) Do you sell penknives ? I sell nothing. Thy
brother is selling all his birds. We are also selling ours. You
are selling everything. Are your sisters also selling their
books ? My brother is not selling his horse, but he is selling
his dog. How much do these gloves cost ? These gloves and
stockings together cost six francs and a half. That is not dear.
Where did you buy (have you bought) this hat? Does your
neighbor also sell cloth? Do you not find that he sells too
dear ? He does not sell his cloth dear: he sells the green cloth
at ten francs an ell. This cloth is fine, but that is coarse. This
is good, but the color is not fashionable.
141. rendre, to give back, restore attendre, to wait
descendre, to descend, come down perdre, to lose
re'pondre, to answer, reply battre, to beat
la porte, the door doucement, softly, gently, slowly
le moment, the moment venez, come; allez, go, are going
tout, quite vite, promptement, quickly
63
Je perds mon temps. Je n'attends pas plus longtemps.
Pourquoi ne reponds-tu pas ? Yotre frere ne descend-il pas ?
Mon frere et ma sceur descendent en ce moment. A qui est
ce livre? Pourquoi ne rendez-vous pas ce livre? Yous battez
toujours mes soeurs; elles ont beaucoup pleurd. Ces enfants
perdent leurs plumes a tout moment. Ou allez-vous si vite?
Attendez un moment; n'allez pas si vite; allez tout doucement.
Venez ; il est deja tard: nous n'attendons pas; nous perdons
trop de temps. Yenez ici, mes cousins attendent a la porte.
Nous avons attendu plus d'une (than an) heure. Que fait
votre frere? II joue. Combien perdez-vous aujourd'hui?
142. What are you looking for ? Have you lost your pen-
knife? You lose everything. We are looking for nothing; we
have lost nothing; it is our cousin who loses everything. He
is beating (bat) all the children. When I (shall) come down
I will speak to my cousin (m.). Where are you going now ?
You are not going too quickly, you are going quite slowly.
Come with me. Wait a little, I am looking for my hat. Why
do you beat this child ? He has done nothing. You do not
answer; you are very naughty. Give me back my pen, or give
me yours. Why do you not wait? We are waiting; my sisters
are also waiting. These children never answer; they are
always losing their hate.
143. Indicative Imperfect.
je vendais, / sold, was selling, used to sell
tu vendais, thou soldest, ivast selling etc.
il vendait, he sold, was selling etc.
nous vendions, we sold, were selling etc.
vous vendiez, you sold, were selling etc.
ils vendaient, they sold, were selling etc.
Pourquoi n'attendais-tu pas ? J'avais oublie ma montre.
Nous descendions souvent cette montagne, quand nous demeu-
rions chez notre oncle. Autrefois vous aimiez beaucoup le jeu,
vous perdiez souvent tout votre argent. II est vrai, je perdais
trop, j'dtais tres-malheureux. Je trouvais toujours le temps
long; je n'avaia pas assez d'affaires, Depuis que je suis ici, je
64
ne pense plus au jeu. Yotre frere aime le commerce; il tait
ce matin a la porte de notre maison, et il vendait son petit
chien au fils du lihraire. II a bien fait; tous les enfants bat-
taient ce pauvre animal. Pourquoi ne repondiez-vous pas,
lorsque mon pere etait ici ? Je ne repondais pas, parce que
j'etais trop triste. Mes freres descendaient lorsque vous parliez
avec mon oncle.
144. Why did you not wait? We did not wait because we
had no more time. Your cousin answers very well; he is an
industrious young man. My brothers did not answer so well;
they did not like work enough. Why did you beat this child ?
I beat this child because he was very naughty. Why were you
coming down so quickly ? The general had come. We should
lose our money if we waited longer. If you gave back these
flowers to your cousin, he would be very pleased. Your
sisters would be very sad if you did not reply.
**< *_,
145. Indicative Future.
je vendrai, I shall or will sell
tu vendras, thou shalt or wilt sell
il vendra, he shall or witt sell
nous vendrons, we shall or will sell
vous vendrez, you shall or ivill sell
ils vendront, they shall or will sell
Conditional.
je vendrais, / should or would sell
tu vendrais, thou shouldst or wouldst sett
il vendrait, he should or would sell
nous vendrions, we should or would sell
vous vendriez, you should or ivould sell
ils vendraient, they should or would sell
retourner, to return, go back bientot, soon
As-tu deja rdpondu a la lettre de ton cousin ? Je re'pondrai
ce soir a sa lettre. Yendrez-vous votre cheval ? Je ne vendrai
pas mon cheval, mais mon frre vendra le sien. Descendrez-
vous bient6t ? Nous ne descendrons pas encore. Yos soeurs
descend ront-elles? Elles attendront encore un peu. Je n'atten-
65
drai pas plus longtemps. Nous attendrions encore un moment,
si notre frdre e'tait ici. Yous perdriez beaucoup, si vous yen-
diez votre maison. Si je vendais mon cheval, je vendrais aussi
mon chien. Si ce jeune homme tait plus sage, il ne battralt
pas son domestique. Si nos cousins n'dtaient pas malades, ils
repondraient a notre lettre. Je retournerai tout a I'heure.
146. When will you answer (reply to) the letter of your
brother? I have already answered his last letter; he has already
received two of my letters. He will answer in three days.
We shall lose our friend Henry: he is very ill. This is a great
misfortune for his sister. You will wait for your father: he
has not yet come. Wait a moment, we will go back together.
We would wait with pleasure, if we had time. You would lose
your time, if you waited longer. These gentlemen would not
sell their horses, if they had not lost their money.
147. lever, to lift, raise
Indicative Present.
je leve, / raise nous levons, we raise
tu leves, thou raisest vous levez, you raise
il leve, he raises ils levent, they raise
Imperfect, je levais, / was raising
Future. je leverai, / shall raise
Conditional, je leverais, / should raise
e'lever, to bring up, educate achever, to complete, end
mener, to guide, lead, bring acheter, to buy
appeler, to call, name
Indicative Present.
j'appelle, I call nous appelons, we call
tu appelles, thou callest vous appelez, you call
il appelle, he calls ils appellent, they call
Imperfect, j'appelais, I was calling
Future. j'appellerai, / shall call
Conditional, j'appellerais, I should call
jeter, to throiv, throw away
je jette, I throw j e jetais, I was throwing
je jetterai, I shall throw je jetterais, 1 should throw
la robe, the goum, dress la pierre, the stone
la plante, the plant lourd (wj, lourde (f.),
le chemin, the way, road faites, make, do
'e'cole (f.), the school 1'eglise (f.) t the church
I, educated leve\ lifted, raised
Ou achetez-vous vos robes? J'achSte mes robes chez mon-
sieur Henri, et ma saur achete les siennes chez notre voisin.
Ma mere achetera aujourd'hui une paire de gants pour ma
soeur. Nous acheterions ces plantes, si elles n'etaient pas trop
cheres. Que faites-vous ? J'acheve mon theme. Nous ach6-
verons le n6tre ce soir. Quand achererez-vous ce theme?
Appelle ton frre. Ou est-il ? Ou menez-vous cet enfant ? Je
mene cet enfant a 1'ecole. Ce chemhi mene a I'dglise. Cet
enfant est tr6s-bien e'leve'. Ce jeune hornme est tr6s-applique:
ii mene une vie trs-aetive. Yous ne leverez pas cette pierre;
elle est trds-lourde. Yotre tante elve bien ses enfants. Ma
mere est malade; nous appellerons le medecin. Comment ap-
pelle-t-on cette plante? Jetez cette plume; elle n'est pas bonne.
Je jetterai cette lettre au feu; elle n'est pas bien e'crite.
148. Why did you not complete (have you not completed)
your exercises? I shall complete my exercises to-morrow.
Have you called the servant (m.) ? The servant has gone out;
I will call the maid-servant. You are a naughty boy (you are
naughty), you are always throwing stones into our garden. I
will take my sisters this evening to my uncle's. These gentle-
men would lead a better life if they were more diligent. I have
lifted this stone, it is not heavy. My brother will not lift
this stone. These mothers bring up their children very well;
they are well educated children. Your father will buy my
uncle's garden. Who has thrown this stone into my room?
149. preTdrer, to prefer
Indicative Present.
je pre'fere, I prefer nous pre'fe'rons, we prefer
tu pre'feres, thou preferrest vous pre'fe'rez, you prefer
il preTere, he prefers ils preTerent, they prefer
67
Imperfeot je prdfdrais, / was preferring, t preferred
Future. je preTererai, I shall prefer
Conditional, je preler erais, I should prefer
ospe'rer, to hope mode'rer, to moderate
posse'der, to possess c^der, to cede, to give, to yield
exag^rer, to exaggerate r^gler, to rule, to settle
celel>rer, to celebrate
la colere, anger la fete, the feast, birth-day
la passion, the love, affection chaque amide, each, every year
le deTaut, the defect, fault ce qui, ce que, that which, which,
la fortune, the fortune what
la place, the place Fe'colier, the scholar
J'espere que tu trouveras ton livre. Nous espdrons que
nos parents arriveront bientot. Ma sosur espere que tu n'ou-
blieras pas son cahier. Ma fortune n'est pas trds-grande. Les
homines esperent toujours. Nous celeljrerons demain la fete
de notre pere. Ces dcoliers ce'lebrent chaque anne'e la f6te
de leur maitre. Je prdfere mes livres a ceux de nion cousin.
Ma mere preTere le the* au cafe*. Nous preTdrons ce violon a
cette flute. Mon oncle possede beaucoup de jardins et de
prairies. Nous possedons une tr6s-belle maison. Tout ce que
je possede, est a YOUS. Je r^glerai mes affaires et les v6tres.
Mode'rez votre colere. Celui qui modere ses passions est heu-
reux. Je cederai rna place a ce monsieur. C'est un homme qui
exagere tout. Vous exagdrez les deTauts de cet enfant.
150. Have you celebrated the birth-day of your aunt to-day?
We celebrate her birth-day every year. I hope that we shall
yet celebrate this day. We hope that my brother will be good.
I prefer my boots to yours. Do you prefer these apples to
those pears ? We shall always prefer our duties to all pleasures.
You exaggerate every thing. We exaggerate nothing. I will
give my dog to my brother. If you do not moderate your
anger, you will be unhappy. This man was formerly very rich;
he possessed many houses and much land (terres). Now he 13
poor; he possesses nothing. You formerly possessed nothing,
and now you possess a large fortune.
68
employer, to employ, spend
Indicative Present.
J'emploie, / employ nous employons, we employ
tu emploies, thou employest vous employez, you employ
il emploie, he employs ils emploient, they employ
Imperfect j'employais, / was employing, I employed
Future. j'emploierai, / shdtt employ
Conditional j'emploierais, / should employ
envoyer, to send payer, to pay, pay for
nettoyer, to clean essayer, to try
aboyer, to bark essuyer, to wipe, dry up
eflrayer, to frighten
Famitid (f.), friendship propre, proper, clean, neat
I'humeur (f.), temper mordre, to bite
la dent, the tooth la jeunesse, youth
la larme, the tear la faute, the fault, mistake
voJontiers, willingly
For the sake of euphony, son is used instead of sa before a vowel or silent
h, as: son amitie for sa amitie, son hunieur for sa huineur.
Employez bien votre temps. Celui qui emploie bien son
temps, est tres-sage. La mauvaise hurnenr de mon frere
m'effraie. Je paie tout ce que j'achete. Nous payons souvent
bien cher les fautes que nous avons faites. Nous envoyons notre
domestique chez votre cousin. Mon pere paiera tout ce que
nous avons re9U. Si vous ne payez pas mon cousin, vous per-
drez son amitie. Nous paierions volontiers votre cousin, si nous
avions requ de Targent. Mon pere a perdu ses dents dans sa
jeunesse. Ma chambre n'est pas propre; vous ne nettoyez ja-
mais ma chambre. Mon frere nettoie toujours ses habits.
Pourquoi ce chien aboie-t-il ? Les chiens qui aboient, ne mor-
dent pas. Le chien de notre voisin a mordu mon frere. Essayez
cette plume; elle est tres-bonne. Yous n*avez pas essuye' vos
mains. J'essuierai mes mains a mon mouchoir. Essuyez vos
larmes, ne pleurez plus. Vous avez effraye* ces enfants. Mon
frere effraie toujours les enfants.
If you do not employ the time of your youth well, you
will not be happy. My sister employs her money well. How
do you spend the greater part of your time ? This dog barks
the whole night. A dog which barks, does not generally bite.
Clean your shoes. You have not yet cleaned your teeth. I am
sending three francs to this poor family. You send nothing to
your brother. We are sending a basket of fruit to-day to our
sister. Have you paid the gardener ? We will pay the gardener
to-morrow. Caroline has cried; she is drying up her tears.
My pen is not good; I will try yours. The table is not clean;
you never wipe the table. I was much (tres) frightened be-
cause I had lost my book. We have paid for the cloth which
we have received from the tailor.
placer, to put, place, lay
Indicative Present.
je place, I place nous plaqons, we place
tu places, thou placest vous placez, you place
il place, he places ils placent, they place
Imperfect, je pla<jais, I was placing, I placed
Future. je placer ai, / shall or will place
Conditional, je placerais, I should or would place
commencer, to begin rincer, to rinse
efiacer, to efface, strike out prononcer, to pronounce
avancer, to advance
manger, to eat
Indicative Present.
je mange, I eat nous mangeons, we eat
tu manges, thou eatest vous mangez, you eat
il mange, he eats ils mangent, they eat
Imperfect, je mangeais, / was eating
Future. je mangerai, / shall or will eat
Conditional, je manger ais, / should or would eat
corriger, to correct changer, to change, alter
partager, to share, divide protdger, to protect
70
I'innocence (f.) 9 innocence le latin, Latin
la ligne, the line a\itremeiit,otherwise,drfferencly
le mot ; the word mieux, better
I'e'tude (f.), the study entre, betzveen, among
1' anglais, English le bien, property, estate, fortune
le francais, French I'appe'tit, (m.) the appetite
Yous ne prononcez pas bien ce mot. Nous pronongons le
francais mieux que vous. Mon cousin prononqait tres-bien
T anglais. Effacez cette ligne. Prononcez ces mots autrement.
L'etude du latin est tres-agre'able. Nous plac,ons nos livres sur
cette table. Pourquoi avez-vous efface cette ligne? Nous
n'effagons jamais un mot. Yous n'avancez pas dans vos e'tudes.
Autrefois j'avanqais beaucoup plus. Nous avanqons tous les
jours. Yous n'avez pas encore corrige' les fautes de votre
theme. Nous ne corrigeons jamais les themes de notre frere.
Mon oncle a partage son bien entre ses enfants. Nous parta-
geons avec nos amis tout ce que nous avons. Mangerez-vous
un peu de ce fruit? Je ne mangerai rien a present, je n'ai
pas d'appe'tit. Yous protegez toujours ce jeune homme. Dieu
protege 1'innocence. Nous prot^geons nos amis. Le temps a
change. Avez-vous deja commence votre lettre? Je commen-
cerai dans un moment. Je n'ai pas encore rince les verres.
154. You do not pronounce well. You formerly pronounced
better. The French pronounce (the) Latin differently from us
(otherwise than we). Why do you not eat? We do not eat,
because we have no appetite. We will presently eat a little of
this ham. Put this book on the table. We will place every-
thing on this chair. I have not yet corrected my exercise.
We will correct ours this evening. My brother formerly cor-
rected my exercises. We will share this apple with our cousin.
We will not begin to-day; we will begin to-morrow. Do not
efface these two lines. Why have you struck out this word?
The weather will change. This gentleman is much (bien)
altered. Why do you not protect this girl ? We protect no
one. Have you already rinsed the glasses? We are now
rinsing the glasses and cups.
71
155.
Singular.
moi, 7, me
toi, thoUj thee
lui, he, him
elle, she, her
Plural.
nous, ive, us
vous, you
eux (m.), they, them
elles (f.), they, them
ceci, this
cela, that
envers, towards, to
centre, against
chez moi, to or a ra
Yenez avec moi.
avant, before
apres, a/ter
ingrat, ungrateful, unthankful
ou, or
house en, m
Allez avec lui. As-tu e'te' chez moi ? Je
n'ai pas Gt& chez vous. Qui a e^crit cette lettre, toi ou elle ?
Nous avons travaille pour vous. Yous etes ingrat envers nous.
Yotre frere est arrive avant moi. Yous arriverez apres lui.
Yoila ta petite soeur; n'as-tu rien pour elle? Je n'ai pas vu
aujourd'hui tes freres, mais j'ai pense' a eux. Nous n'avons pas
vu vos soeurs, mais nous avons pense a elles. Yous n'aimez
pas mon frere, vous etes toujours contre lui. Nous aimons
beaucoup votre soeur; nous parlons souvent d'elle. Je pense
toujours a toi, mais tu ne penses jamais a moi. Get habit est-
il pour vous ? Cette montre est-elle pour toi ? Qui a pris mon
canif? Moi. C'est toi qui as piis ina plume. Celui qui n'est
pas avec moi, est contre moi. Ou est votre petit frere ? Ces
fruits et ces fleurs sont pour lui. Ou est la pauvre femme ?
Get argent est pour elle. Ceci est pour vous, cela est pour
nous. A qui est cela ? Ceci est a moi, et cela est a toi. Don-
nez-moi de ceci ou de cela.
ISO. Thou hast not thought of (to) me. We have often
spoken of thee. Thy cousin is always against us. Is this knife
for you? Thy sister has (is) come with me. Thy cousins have
gone away before us. You went away (are gone away) after
them. For whom is this ? Is this for my brother ? This is for
thee, and that is for him. My sisters are ill; I am working to-
day for them. Our neighbor is very ungrateful to (envers) us.
Who has taken my pencil? Thy uncle has been to (chez) us
to-day.
12
lo~. Singular. Rural,
me, me, to me nous, us, to us
te, thee, to thee vous, you, to you
lui, to him, to her, to it leur, them, to them
se, himself, herself, itself se, themselves, one another
le, him, it les, them
la. her, it les, them
1'estampe (f.), the engraving montrer, to show
la bibliotheque, the library
Je te donnerai cette plume, si tu me prates ton crayon.
Ou est votre frere? Nous le cherchons depuis une heure; or,
il y a une heure que nous le cherchons. Ta soeur est tres-
appliquee; le maitre la loue toujours. As-tu vu mon cheval?
Je ne 1'ai pas encore vu. As-tu ma plume ? Non, je ne 1'ai
pas. Tu ne m'as pas dit que ton frere est malade. Mon cousin
t'a prte une plume. Je lui ai rendu sa plume. Yous ne lui
avez pas encore ecrit. Notre jardiniere est heureuse; son fils
lui a envoy e* cent francs. Je ne vous ai pas encore montrd ma
petite bibliotheque. Je vous montrerai aussi mes fleurs. Votre
fr&re nous a dit que vous aviez beaucoup de livres et beaucoup
de fleurs. Ces estampes sont tres-belles; je les ai reques de
mon oncle. Ou avez-vous achete ces beaux livres? Je ne les
ai pas achetes, c'est un cadeau de ma tante. Vos freres n'ai-
ment pas les livres; ils aiment trop le jeu. Je leur ai souvent
pr6te' mes livres.
158. I love thee, and thou blamest me. Thy brother loves
me, but thou dost not love me. This dog is not faithful, and
I do not like him. Where is thy sister ? Her mother is seeking
her. Where have you been ? We have been looking for you
(one seeks you) for (depuis) an hour. My uncle has given me
a beautiful book. I had written (to) him a letter. Has your
aunt been here ? Yes, I have told (to) her that you are ill.
A basket of fruit has been sent us (one has sent us ).
Charles will carrv these flowers for you; he will give them
73
to jour gardener. My children love (the) flowers very much,
I will give them those which are in my room.
139. le m6me, la meme les memes, the same
je crois, I believe
Ces enfants s ? aiment. These children love one another.
Que cherches-tu? As-tu perdu ton canif? Ne le trouves-
tu pas ? Ne l'as-tu pas mis dans ta boite ? Je crois que mon
cousin Ta pris. Ton cousin ne 1'a pas pris. Je lui ai prete le
mien. II m'a rendu ma plume, mais il ne m'a pas encore rendu
mon canif. Je ne lui preterai plus rien. II ne rend jamais ce
qu'on lui prete. Ma soeur a le meme deTaut. Quand je lui
prete un livre, elle ne le rend pas. Nous rendons toujours ce
qu'on nous prete. Je vous preterai tout ce que j'ai. Mes amis
me rendent aussi ce que je leur prete; ils m'ont rendu ce matin
le crayon que je leur avais pret hier. Le pauvre homme est
venu; je lui donnerai un morceau de pain blanc et un verre de
biere. Ma cousine m'a ecrit. Je lui ai repondu que je lui
acheterais un joli chapeau, si elle e'tait toujours sage et appli-
que'e. Ces enfants ne s'aiinent pas, ils se battent toujours.
100. My sisters are always giving me (some) flowers. You
give me much money. The teacher never praises you; you are
not industrious. I have received the book which you (have)
sent me. I (have) found it, when I came (am come). If you
love me, I will also love you. I should love you, if you were
industrious. If you find my dog, I will give you five francs.
My brother is in (at) London: I have written to him, but he
has not yet replied to me. Our father has given us a basket
of fruit and a bottle of wine. These children are very poor,
some bread and money have been given to them (one has given
to them, etc.). My uncle has given me every thing that he had
(all that which he had).
161. Me cherchez-vous ? M'avez-vous oublid ? Te cherche-
t-il? T'a-t-il donnd des poinmes ? Le trouvez-vous? L'avez-
vous dej& vu? Cette maison est-elle k vous ? La vendez-vous?
Ne la vendez-vous pas ? Votre frSre est-il parti ? Lui avez-vous
74
e'crit ? Tous a-t-il r^pondu ? Ne lui avez-vous pas encore e'crit ?
Ne vous a-t-il pas encore re'pondu? Yotre soeur est-elle malade ?
Lui avez-vous achete' du sucre? Yous a-t-elle parle de moi?
Nous attend-on? Nous a-t-on envoy e des has et des souliers?
Yous trouvera-t-il aujourd'nui ? Yous a-t-il parle' de mon
malheur? Avez-vous oublid vos devoirs ? Les rernplissez-vous
toujours? Ne les avez-vous pas encore remplis? Avez-vous
parle' a mes cousins ? Leur avez-vous rendu le livre qu'ils vous
ont pre'te'? Ne leur avez-vous pas dit que nous travaillons
ensemble ?
162. Wilt thou choose me? Will he find thee? Hast thou
told him that we are here? Is he contented ? Will he buy it?
Hast thou read it ? Has he punished you ? Will he answer
us ? Will he look for it ? Where are thy books ? Hast thou
laid them on the table ? Where are my shoes ? Who has taken
them? Have (are) your brothers come? Have you given your
engraving to them? Has your mother sent the servants (m.)
to them ? Is the maid-servant ill ? Have they gone for (est-on
alle chercher) the physician? Has he given the wine to him?
163. me le, it to me nous le, it to us
me les, them to me nous les, them to us
te le, it to thee vous le, it to you
te les, them to thee vous les, them to you
je vous le donne, / give it to je ne vous le donne pas, / do
you not give it to you
vous le donnd-je ? do I give it ne vous le donne-je pas ? do I
to you? not give it to you?
demander, to demand^ beg, ddsirer, to desire, ivish for
ask, ask for refuser, to refuse
conseiller,o advise, recommend de'fendre, to defend, forbid
tu promets, thou promisest
Avez-vous lu le livre ? Yotre frere me le donnera, quand
il 1'aura lu. Tu as demande' mon canif; je te le prterai, si tu
promets de me le rendre. Tu m'as pretd hier ta plume; je te
la reudrai demain. Le jardinier a rec,u les fruits; il nous les
vendra. Si j'avais rec,u les livres, je vous les preterais. Je
n'ai pas chante aujourd'hui; mon pre me 1'a deTendu. Je n'ai
pas encore vu tes estampes. Mon frere te les montrera. Dites-
moi pourquoi vous etes si triste. Je vous 1'ai deja dit. Yous
ne me 1'avez pas encore dit. Je ne vous 1'avais pas encore
demandd. Que me conseillez-vous ? Je ne vous le conseille
pas. II nous le refusera. M'avez-vous demande mon cheval?
Je vous 1'ai demande', mais vous me 1'avez refusd Yous ne
nous avez pas encore pay notre chien. Je ne vous le paierai
jamais. Que ddsirez-vous ?
164. Where is my book? I have lent it to thee. I will return
it to thee ; I have lent it to my cousin. If you wish for it, he
will give it (to) you with much pleasure. He has not refused it
(to) us; he never refused (to) me what I have asked (to) him.
I would not recommend it to you, if you were not so modest.
Our neighbor has received many flowers; he will sell them to
us. I have seen two beautiful dogs; I will buy them for you.
We will not play to-day; the teacher has forbidden us (it to us).
What do you advise me ?
165. le lui, it to Mm le leur, il to them
les lui, them to him les leur, them to them
je le lui donne, / give it to je ne le lui donne pas ; I do not
him give it to him
le lui donne-je ? do I give it to ne le lui donne'-je pas? do I not
him? give it to him?
la canne, the cane promis, promised voulu, wished
Yous m'avez vendu votre encrier, vous ne me 1'avez pas
pretd. Je t'ai prete mon livre, je ne te 1'ai pas vendu. II m'a
demande* mon canif ; je ne le lui ai pas donnd. Elle t'a demande'
ton crayon, pourquoi ne le lui as-tu pas donn ? Si vous m'a-
viez demands' mon chien, je ne vous 1'aurais pas refuse*. Si
mes amis me demandent mon cheval, je ne le leur refuserai
76
pas. Mon frere m'a demand^ ma canne, je la lui donnerat
Yous m'avcz promis votre oiseau, mais vous ne me 1'avez pas
donnd. Si je te Tai promis, je te le donnerai. Nous aurons
aujourd'hui un nouveau cheval; notre pere nous 1'a promis.
Mon ami donnera un petit chat a mes soeurs; il le leur a
promis hier.
166. My son has asked me for a horse; I will not refuse it
(to) him. "We shall have a new inkstand to-day; my mother
has promised it to me. The gardener's child has asked you
for the knife; why have you not lent it to him ? My friends
have asked you for this book; why have you not lent it to
them? Where are John's boots? At the shoemaker's; the
servant will bring them to him in an hour. Who has given a
present to the children ? My aunt lias given it to them.
167. la cuiller, or cuillere, the spoon la soie, the silk
la prune, the plum lire, to read
Ou est mon encrier? Me le rendezvous? Ou est mon
livre ? Me 1'avez-vous rendu ? As-tu vu mon chapeau de soie?
Te l'ai-je montre ? Ton p6re a voulu lire ton livre; le lui as-tu
donne' ? Nous avons achete' un joli canif chez le libraire; nous
l'a-t-il envoye ? Ces messieurs demandent votre cheval ; le leur
avez-vous promis ? Si Francois avait une canne, te la prete-
rait-il? Ou est le chapeau de ma soeur? Le lui avez-vous
envoye? . Yous demandez pourquoi j'ai pris votre couteau; ne
mel'avez-vous pas vendu? Get enfant salit son habit; pour-
quoi ne le lui defendez-vous pas ? Je vous ai vendu une dou-
zaine de fourchettea et trois douzaines de cuillers; ne me les
paierez-vous pas ? Tu as vendu a cette dame une corbeille de
prunes; ne te les paiera-t-elle pas? Ma mere a achete' une
robe de soie pour ma soeur.
168. Where is my hat? I gave (have given) it to thee yes-
terday. Thou hast refused it to me. You had a beautiful dog;
you have sold him to us. These children have a beautiful book,
I have given it to them. He has lent the book to him, he has
not sold it to him. You have not promised it to us. These
77
children have begged a book of (to) me, I have not given it to
them. Why do you not give us the inkstand? Have I not
promised it to you ? You have not promised it to us. If I had
promised it to you, I would also give it to you. Why do you
not pay me ?
169.
donnez-moi, give (to) me ne me donnez pas, do not give
(to) me
donnez-le-moi, give it to me ne me le donnez pas, do not
give it to me
donnez-lui, give to him, to her ne lui donnez pas, do not give
to him, to her
donnez-le-lui, give it to him, ne le lui donnez pas, do not
to her give it to him, to her
Yous avez un beau canif ; donnez-le-moi. Rendez-moi le
canif que je vous ai prt& Je vous ai prete deux plumes;
rendez-les-moi. Mon frere a demande votre crayon; donnez-le-
lui. Yous avez pris la canne de mon cousin; rendez-la-lui.
Yous avez achete des prunes chez cette femme; payez-les-lui.
Yous avez une belle montre; montrez-la-nous. Get enfant est
merchant; punissez-le. Cette femme est tres-pauvre; donnez-
lui un morceau de pain. Yos parents sont vos meilleurs amis;
aimez-les toujours. Ce canif n'est pas bon; ne 1'achetez pas.
Ma canne est perdue; ne la cherchez plus. C'est 1'encrier de
Guillaume; ne le lui rendez pas. Get habit est tres-beau; ne le
salissez pas. Remplissez toujours vos devoirs; ne les oubliez
jamais. Cette fille est tres-sage; ne la punissez pas.
170. This apple is very good; eat it. This plum is not good;
do not eat it. This book is very useful; lend it to me. Do not
lend it to him. Have you found your stockings? look for them.
Do not look for them. Your father is your best friend; obey
(to) him always; love him; never forget him. These horses are
very beautiful; sell them to me. These flowers -belong to my
sister; give them back to her. These fruits belong to the
children of our neighbor; give them back to them. Do not
eat them.
78
Reflective Verb. Indicative Present
Affirmatively.
se laver, to wash one's self
je me lave, / wash myself
tu te laves, thou- washest thyself
il se lave, he washes himself
elle se lave, she washes herself
nous nous lavons, we wash ourselves
vous vous lavez, you wash yourselves
ils se lavent, they wash themselves
elles se lavent, they wash themselves
Interrogatively.
me lave'-je? do I wash myself?
te laves-tu? dost thou wash thyself?
se lave-t-il ? does he wash himself?
se lave-t-elle? does she wash herself?
nous lavons-nous ? do tee wash ourselves f
vous lavez-vous ? do you wash yourselves?
se lavent-ils ? do they ivash themselves?
se lavent-elles ? do they wash themselves?
Negatively.
je ne me lave pas, / do not wash myself
tu ne te laves pas, thou dost not wash thyself
il ne se lave pas, he does not wash himself
elle ne se lave pas, she does not wash herself
nous ne nous lavons pas, we do not wash ourselves
vous ne vous lavez pas, you do not wash yourselves
ils ne se lavent pas, they do not wash themselves
elles ne se lavent pas, they do not wash themselves
Negatively and Irderrogatively.
ne me lave'-je pas ? do I not wash myself?
ne te laves-tu pas ? dost thou not wash thyself?
ne se lave-t-il pas ? does he not ivash himself?
ne se lave-t-elle pas ? does she not wash herself?
ne nous lavons-nous pas ? do we not ivash ourselves?
ne vous lavez-vous pas ? do you not wash yourselves?
ne se lavent-ils pas? do they not wash themselves?
ne se lavent-elles pas? do they not wash themselves?
79
se tromper, to deceive one's Be rejouir, to rejoice, to be re-
self, to be mistaken joteed
se porter, to carry one's self, se promener, to walk, take a
to be walk
se porter bien, to be well Be reposer, to rest
s'amuser, to be amused se hater, to make haste,to hurry
s'habiller, to dress one's self s'appeler, to be called, to be
s'affliger, to grieve named
BQ coucher, to go to bed Be lever, to rise, get up
la mort, death la journde, the day
Comment Be porte monsieur votre p&re? or, Comment
monsieur votre pere se porte-t>il ? II se porte tres-bien, depuis
qu'il est a la campagne. Et vous, comment vous portez-vous?
Je me pcrte toujours bien. Mes soeurs ne se portent pas bien.
Que faites-vous? Je m'habille. Vous habillerez-vous aussi?
Nous nous habillerons plus tard. Charles, ne te laveras-tu pas
aujourd'hui? Je me laverai dans un moment. Mon oncle arri-
vera co soir; nous nous amuserons bien. Hatez-vous, il est
tres-tard. Je me rejouis de vous trouver. J'aime celui qui se
rejouit du bonheur de sea amis. Pourquoi vous affiigez-vous ?
Je m'afflige de la mort de mon cousin. A quelle heure vous
levez-vous ordinairement ? Je me leve toujours a six heures, et
je me couche a neuf heures. Mon frere se levera demain a troia
heures; il partira pour Baltimore. Nous nous levons plus tard
que vous. Autrefois nous ne nous levions pas si tard. Si vous
avez fini votre theme, nous nous promenerons un peu. Vous
vous promeriez toute la journe'e. Venez ici, reposez-vous un peu.
Comment s'appelle ce jeune homme? II s'appelle Henri. Et
vous, comment vous appelez-vous ? Je n^appelle Godefroi.
How does (Mrs.) your mother do? She is very ill.
How do your brothers do? They are very well. At what hour
does (Mr.) your father go to bed? He goes to bed at ten
o'clock, and rises at five. At what hour will your sisters rise
to-morrow ? They will rise at seven o'clock. My brother goes
80
to bed later than I. Why does your uncle rise so late?
We will rest a little. When you have (shall have) written your
exercise, we will take a walk. I walk every day in my aunt's
garden. What is your neighbor called? What is your friend
called ? And you, what are you called ? I am named William.
My father and mother are rejoiced to see you. I am rejoiced to
find that you are happy. I love him (celui) who rejoices when
his friend is praised (when one praises his friend). What are
you doing, Henry? I am dressing (myself). Will the children
wash (themselves) ? They will wash (themselves) in an hour.
Has my brother come with Mr. Green? You are mistaken, your
brother will not come (ne viendra pas) to-day. I will make
haste and finish (make haste of to finish) my exercise. At what
hour does your uncle go to bed? He goes to bed at ten o'clock.
Affirmatively.
je me suis lave*, / have washed, did wash myself
tu t'es lave*, thou hast washed thyself
il s'est lave, he 1*as vxished himself
nous nous sommes lave*s, we have wasJied ourselves
vous vous etes lava's, you have washed yourselves
Us se sont lava's, they have washed themselves
Interrogatively.
me suis-je lavd ? have I washed myself?
t'es-tu lave*? hast thou washed thyself?
s'est-il lave*? has he washed himself?
nous sommes-nous laves ? have we loashed ourselves?
vous etes-vous lava's ? have you ivashed yourselves?
se sont-ils laves ? have they washed themselves?
Negatively.
je ne me suis pas lave*, / have not ivashed myself
tu ne t'es pas lave', thou hast not washed thyself
il ne s'est pas lave', he has not washed himself
nous ne nous sommes pas lave*s, we have not washed ourselves
vous ne vous etes pas lave*s, you have not washed yourselves
ila ne ee Bont pas lava's, they have not washed themselves
81
Negatively and Interrogatively.
ne me suis-je pas lave* ? have I not washed myself?
ne t'es-tu pas lave* ? hast thou not washed thyself?
ne s'est-il pas lave' ? has he not washed himself?
ne nous sommes-nous pas lavds ? have we not washed ourselves?
ne vous &tes-vous pas lavds ? have you not washed yourselves?
ne se sont-ils pas lavs ? have they not washed themselves?
< _ ^
P
je me suis couche* hier soir a / went to bed at ten o'clock last
dix heures, night
je me suis bien amuse* samedi, I was much amused on Saturday
toute la matine'e, all the morning
toute la soire'e, all the evening
tant, so much
dans peu de temps, in a little time
J'ai vu hier votre frere. Yous vous tes trompd, mon
frSre n'est plus ici. Je ne me suis pas trompe, je lui ai parld.
A quelle heure vous tes-vous couche's hier ? Nous nous sorn-
mes couche's a onze heures et demie. Mon frre ne s'est pas
encore levd. Ou avez-vous e'te'? Je me suis promene' toute la
matine'e. Je me reposerai un peu. Tes sceurs ne s'e'taient pas
encore habille'es, lorsque nous sommes venus. Pourquoi ne
vous tes-vous pas encore lave? Je me serais lave", si j'avais
eu de 1'eau. Nous avons dtd a la campagne la semaine
derniere, nous nous sommes bien amuse's. Mon voisin est trs-
malade; il s'est trop afflige' du malheur de son fils. Faites votre
theme; hatez-vous un peu; nous nous promenerons plus tard.
Rejouissez-vous, mes enfants, votre oncle arrivera ce soir.
Have you not yet asked him for it (it to him) ? You
went to bed that evening at eight o'clock; you always get up
late. Charles dresses (himself) quickly. Thou hast not yet
washed (thyself). He who gets up late, will never be well.
Who has lost his book? Have you lost it, Charles? You are
mistaken; I never lose my books. Will you walk to-day ? My
brother will walk to-day with his teacher, because he has been
very industrious. How do your sisters do? Are they not
82
in (at) the country? I think that they are not very well.
Were you much amused yesterday? We are always much
amused (we amuse ourselves always well) when we are at our
aunt's. I am very tired, I shall go to bed in a little time.
Why do you make so much haste? It is not late yet; the
school has not yet begun.
175. en, of him, of her, of it, of them
en, with him, with her, with it, with them, some, any
y, there, thither, within
y, to it, to them
Avez-vous des pommes ? Have you any apples?
Oui, j'en ai. Yes, I have (some).
Etes-voQs content de cette Are you satisfied with this pen?
plume ?
Oui, j'en suis content. Yes, lam (satisfied with it).
Mon frere a-t/41 parte de cet Has my brother spoken of that
homme ? man?
Oui, il en a parld. Yes,he has (spoken of him).
le concert, the concert oui, yes
le theatre, the theater non, no
A-t-on parld de mon malheur ? Oui, on en a parM. Etes-
vous content de ce livre ? Oni, j'en suis content. Avons-nous
des plumes ? Oui, nous en avons. Avez-vous du pain ? Oui,
j'en ai. Mon fr&re est-il au jardin ? Non, il n'y est pas. Avez-
vous pensd a mon affaire ? Non, je n'y ai pas pensd. Avez-
vous ete au concert? Non, nous n'y avons pas dte. Totre
frere a-t-il des oiseaux? II en a beaucoup. A-t-il aussi des
fleurs? II n' en a point. Combien de freres avez-vous? J'en
ai trois. Avez-vous aussi une soeur ? Oui, j'en ai une. As-tu
requ des lettres? J'en ai requ une de mon pere. Seras-tu ce
soir chez monsieur Monge ? Je n'y serai pas. Avez-vous e'te'
au theatre ? Nous n'y avons pas encore dtd,
176. Have you any fruit? Yes, I have (of it). Have you
also any friends? No, I have none (of them). Has your aunt
many children? She has seven (of them). Has your cousin
83
been to Rome ? No, he has not been there. How many pens
hast thou ? I have ten. Has thy sister written the letters ?
She has written three. Is your cousin in your room? She
was (there) ; but she is no longer there. Have you any flowers ?
Yes, we have (of them), but we do not give you any (of them).
177. m'en, some to me nous en, some to us
t'en, some to thee vous en, some to you
lui en, some to him, to her leur en, some to them
il m'en donne, he gives some to me
il lui en donne, he gives some to him, to her, to it
ii y a, there is, there are
il y avait, there was, there were
il est arrivd quelque chose, something has happened
arriver, to happen le monde, people
As-tu donnd du pain au pauvre ? Je lui en ai donnd. Si tu
ne lui en as pas encore donne", il t'en demandera. Mon cousin
a beau coup de fruits; il m'en donne tous les jours. T'en donne-
t-il aussi ? II nous en donne souvent. II n'aime pas les enfants
du voisin; il ne leur en donne jamais. Yous avez e'te' aujour-
d'hui au concert; je vous y ai vu. Y avez-vous vu mon oncle?
il y e'tait aussi. Non, je ne 1'y ai pas vu. II y avait beaucoup
de monde. Je n'y ai jainais vu tant de monde. On dit qu'il
est arrive^ un grand malheur. On en parle dans toute la ville.
Mon ami m'en a parle* aussi.
178. Have you been to Paris? I have never been there.
Has the teacher been to the church ? He has not been there.
My father has four horses; my uncle has three (of them). How
many apples have you? I have two. I have many pears; I
will give some (en) to my sisters. The king has (is) arrived in
(a) Berlin; we have spoken to him. These pens are good;
buy a dozen of them. The queen gives money to the poor;
people often speak of it (one speaks often of it). Have you
%ny bread? Yes, I have.
84
179. du pain, bread, when some or any bread is meant
de bon pain, good bread, when so/Tie or any good bread is meant
de la viande, meat, some or any meat
de mauvaise viande, bad meat, some or any bad meat
des fleurs, flowers, some or any flowers
de belles fleurs, beautiful flowers, some or any beautiful flowers
de bon drap, some good cloth de bons fruits, some good fruit
du drap bleu, some blue cloth des fruits murs, some ripe fruit
Nous avons mangd de bons fruits. Yous avez bu de bonne
eau, mais YOUS avez bu de mauvaise biere. Donnez-moi de bon
papier. Ces messieurs ont de beaux jardins et de grandes
maisons. Nous avons bu du vin excellent. La servante a
achete' de bon sel, de bonne moutarde et de mauvais poivre.
Charles a lu des livres franqais. Yous avez des chiens fideles.
Mon oncle a de beaux chevaux. Cette demoiselle a de bonnes
amies, d'aimables freres et des livres utiles. Les Franqais ont
toujours eu de bons ge'ne'raux. Notre ge'ne'ral a de braves
soldats. Cette mere a des enfants tres-appliques. Nous avons
achete de tres-belles fleurs.
180. Here is good paper and good ink. We have drunk
bad wine and good beer. My uncle has beautiful gardens
and large meadows. We have faithful friends and amiable
brothers. This bookseller sells beautiful penknives. Our gar-
dener has excellent fruit. My mother has purchased for me
three pairs of black stockings. Give me better bread and
better meat. Have you any good mustard ? Have you any
good bread? Yes, we have. Have you any good books? No,
we have not. Do you sell white hats ? Tell me what you sell;
I will pay you well.
181. le savon, the soap rouge, red
1'essuie-main (m.), the towel chaud, warm
la patience, the patience froid, cold
le poisson, the flsh apporter, to bring
l'6tang (m.), the pond souhaiter, to wish
rarement, seldom, rarely settlement, only
85
Ce marchand vend du papier, de 1'encre efc des plumes.
Apportez-moi de 1'eau, du savon, et un essuie-main. Souhaitez-
vous de 1'eau chaude ou de 1'eau froide ? Je vous donnerai des
pommes et des cerises, si vous tes sages et appliques. Mon
fr6re a de bonne encre et de bon papier. Nous avons eu de
beaux chiens. Tu as peu de patience, mon ami. Avez-vous
achete des crayons et des canifs ? Mon voisin vend de bonnes
plumes. Ma soeur a de jolis gants. Combien de livres franqais
avez-vous ? II y a des poissons dans cet e'tang. II y a beau-
coup d'oiseaux dans notre jardin. Votre cousin a peu de livres
et encore moins d'argent. Les bons maitres aiment les bons
e^coliers. Votre frre parle toujours de bon vin et de bons
fruits, mais rarement de belles estampes et de livres utiles.
182. Bring me some vinegar and oil, some knives and forks.
Hast thou any good pens and ink ? I have no good pens, but
I have excellent ink. Thy paper is good. I have bought some
very bad paper. Where did you find or buy (have you found)
these beautiful towels ? Our neighbor has bought some white
linen, red cloth, black hats, and beautiful stockings. You are
always speaking of dresses and of visiting (de visitcs), but
seldom of exercises and business. I do not like those who
speak only of their amusements, and who never think of their
duties.
SECOND PART.
PARADIGMS.
I. DECLENSION.
Singular. Plural,
Nom. le pre, the father les pres, the fathers
Gen. da pere, of the father des peres, of the father
Dat. au pere, to the father aux peres, to the fathers
Ace. le pere, the father les pres, the fathers
Noin. la m6re, the mother les meres, the mothers
Gen. de la m&re, of the mother des meres, of the mothers
Dat. a la mere, to the mother aux meres, to the mothers
Ace. la mre, the mother les m&res, the mothers
Nom. 1'ami, the friend les amis, t7ie friends
Gen. de 1'ami, of the friend des amis, of the friends
Dat. a Tami, to the friend aux amis, to the friends
Ace. 1'ami, the friend les amis, the friends
Nom. mon frere, my brother mes freres, my brothers
Gen. de mon fr^re,o/my brother de mes freres, of my brothers
Dat. a mon frere, to my brother a mes freres, to my brothers
Ace. mon frere, my brother mes freres, my brothers
Nom. un jardin, a garden
Gen. d'un jardin, of a garden
Dat. a un jardin, to a garden
Ace. un jardin, a garden
Nom. une maison, a house
Gen. d'une maison, of a house
Dat. a une maison, to a house
Ace. une maison, a house
86
87
II. CONJUGATION.
avoir, to have; eu, had
Present Tense. Future Tense,
j'ai, I have j'aurai, / shall have ^ ^
tu as, thou hast tu auras, thou wilt have
il a, he has il aura, he will have
jnous^avons, we have nous aurons, we shall have
vousjivez, you have vous aurez, you will have
ils ont, they have ils auront, they will have
Imperfect Tense. Conditional,
j'avais, I had j'aurais, / should have
tu avais, thou hadst tu aurais, thou wouldst have
il avait, he had il aurait, he would have
nous avions, we had nous aurions, we should have
vous aviez, you had vous auriez, you would have
Us avaient, they had ils auraient, they would have
Compound Tenses.
j'ai eu, I have had j'aurai eu, I shall have had
j'avais eu, I had had j'aurais eu, I should have had
tre, to be; ete, been
Present Tense. Future Tense,
je suis, I am je serai, I shall be
tu es, thou art tu seras, thou wilt 'be
il est, lie is il sera, he will be
nous sommes, we are nous serons, we shall be
vous 6tes, you are vous serez, you ivill be
ils sont, they are ' ils seront, they will be
Imperfect Tense. Conditional,
j'e'tais, I was je serais, I should be
tu e'tais, thou wast tu serais, thou ivouldst be
il e'tait, he was il serait, he would be
nous dtions, we ivere nous serions, we should be
vous e'tiez, you were vous seriez, you would be
ils e'taient, they were ils seraient, they would be
Compound Tenses.
j'ai e*td, I have been j'aurai dte*, I shall have been
j'avais dte* ; I had been j'aurais e'te, I should have been
88
parler, to speak; parld, spoken
Present Tense. Future Tense.
Je parle, / speak je parlerai, / shall speak
tu paries, thou speakest tu parleras, thou wilt speak
il parle, he speaks \\ parlera, he will speak
nous parlons, we speak nous parlerons, we shall speak
YOUS parlez, you speak vous parlerez, you will speak
ils parlent, they speak i] s parleront, they will speak
Imperfect Tense. Conditional
je parlais, I spoke je parlerais, I should speak
tu parlais, thou spokest tu parlerais, thou wouldst &c.
il parlait, lie spoke il parlerait, he would &c.
nous parlions, we spoke nous parlerions, we should &c.
vous parliez, you spoke vous parleriez, you would &c.
ils parlaient, they spoke ilsparleraient, they ivould&c.
Compound Tenses.
j'ai parld, I have spoken j'aurai parle, I shall have spoken
j'avais parld, / had spoken j'aurais parl, I should have spoken
flnir, to finish; fini, finished
Present Tense. Future Tense,
je finis, I Jinish Je finirai, / shall Jinish
tu finis, thou finishest tu finiras, thou wilt Jinish
il finit, he finishes il finira, he will finish
nous finissons, we finish nous finirons, we shall finish
vous finissez, you finish vous finirez, you will finish
ils finissent, they finish Ils finiront, 'they will finish
Imperfect Tense. Conditional
je finissais, I finished Je finirais, I should finish
tu finissais, thou finishedst tu finirais, thou wouldst finish
il finissait, he finished il finirait, he would finish
nous finissions, we finished nous finirions, we should finish
vous finissiez, you finished vous finiriez, you would finish
ils finissaient, they finished ilsfiniraient, they would finish
Compound Tenses.
j'ai fini, I have finished j'aurai fini, I shall have finished
j'avais fini, / had finished j'aurais fini, 1 should have
89
veiidre, to sell; vendu, sold
Present Tense. .Future Tense,
je vends, I sell je vendrai, I shall sett
tu vends, thou sellest tu vendras, thou wilt sell
il vend, he sells il vendra, he will sell
nous vendons, we sell nous vendrons, we shall sell
vous vendez, you sell vous vendrez, you will sell
ils vendent, they sell ils vendront, they will sell
Imperfect Tense. Conditional.
je vendais, / sold je vendrais, / should sell
tu vendais, thou soldst tu vendrais, thou wouldst sell
il vendait, he sold il vendrait, he would sell
nous vendions, we sold nous vendrions,we should sell
vous vendiez, you sold vous vendriez, you would sell
ils vendaient, they sold ils vendraient, they would sell
Compound Tenses.
j'al vendu, I have sold j'aurai vendu, 1 shall have sold
j'avais vendu, I had sold j'aurais vendu, I should have sold
acheter, to l>wy; achete, Bought
Present Tense. Future Tense,
j'achete, I buy j'acheterai, I shall buy
tu achetes, thou buyest tu acheteras, thou wilt buy
il achete, he buys il achetera, he will buy
nous achetons, we buy nous acheterons, we shall buy
vous achetez, you buy vous acheterez, you will buy
ils achetent, they buy ils acheteront, they will buy
Imperfect Tense. Conditional,
j'achetais, / bought j'acheterais, / should buy
tu achetais, thou boughtest tu acheterais, thou wouldst buy
il achetait, he bought il acheterait, he would buy
nous achetions, we bought nousachete"rions,w;esft0wZd&w/
vous achetiez, you bougJit vous acheteriez, you would buy
ils achetaient, they bought ilsacheteraient^Ae^/wo^^&wi/
Compound Tenses.
j'ai achete', I have bought j'aurai achete', I shall have bought
j'avais achete', I had bought j'aurais achete', I should have &c.
90
appeler, to call; appele, called
Present Tense. Future Tense,
j'appelle, / call j'appellerai, I shall call
tu appelles, thou callest tu appelleras, thou wilt call
il appelle, he caUs il appellera, Tie will call
nous appelons, we call nous appellerons, we shall call
vous appelez, you coll vous appellerez, you will call
ils appellant, they catt ils appelleront, they will call
Imperfect Tense. Conditional,
j'appelais, I called j'appellerais, I should call
tu appelais, thou calledst tu appellerais, thou wouldst call
il appelait, he called il appellerait, he ivould call
nous appelions, we called nous appellerions,we should call
vous appeliez ; you called vous appelleriez, you would call
ils appelaient, they called ils appelleraient, they would call
Compound Tenses.
j'ai appele*, ITiave called j 'aural appel^, I shall have called
j'avais appel^, I had called j'aurais appeld, J should have &c.
regler, to rule; regie, ruled
Present Tense. Future Tense,
je regie, / rule je reglerai, / shall rule
tu regies, thou rulest tu regleras, thou wilt rule
il regie, he rules il reglera, he will rule
nous regions, we rule nous reglerons, we shall rule
vous rglez, you rule vous regler ez, you will rule
ils reglent, they rule ils regleront, they will rule
Imperfect Tense. Conditional,
je r^glais, / ruled je reglerais, / should rule
tu re'glais, thou ruledst tu reglerais, thou wouldst rule
il reglait, he ruled il reglerait, he would rule
nous reglions, we ruled nous reglerions, we should rule
vous re'gliez, you ruled vous regleriez, you would rule
ils reglaient, they ruled ils regleraient, they would rule
Compound Tenses.
j'ai re'gle', I have ruled j'aurai re'gle', / shall have ruled
j'avais r^gle, I had ruled j'aurais re'gle', / should &c.
91
employer, to employ; employe, employed
Present Tense. Future Tense,
j'emploie, I employ j'einploierai, I shall employ
tu emploies, thou employest tu emploieras, thou wilt &c.
il emploie, he employs il emploiera, he will &c.
nous employons, ive employ nous emploierons, we shall &c.
vous eraployez, you employ vous emploierez, you will &c.
ils emploient, they employ ils emploieront, they will &c.
Imperfect Tense. Conditional,
j'employais, I employed j'emploierais, I should employ
tu employais, thou employ edst tu emploier ais, thou wouldst &c,
il employait, he employed il emploierait, he would &c.
nous employions, we employed nous emploierions, we should &c.
vous employiez, you employed vous emploieriez, you would &c.
ils employ aient, they employed ils emploieraient, they would &c.
Compound Tenses.
j'ai employe", Zftave employed j'aurai employe', I shall have &c.
j'avais employe', I had &c. y&ureiisemi)\oj, I should have &c.
placer, to place; place, placed
Present Tense. Future Tense,
je place, I place je placerai, I shall place
tu places, thou placest tu placeras, thou wilt place
il place, he places il placera, he ivill place
nous pi aeons, we place nous placerons, we shall place
vous placez, you place vous placerez, you will place
ils placent, they place ils placeront, they will place
Imperfect Tense. Conditional,
je plaqais, I placed je placerais, I should place
tu placais, thou placedst tu placerais, thou wouldst place
il plac. ait, he placed il placerait, he would place
nous placions, ive placed nous placerions, we should place
vous placiez, you placed vous placeriez, you would place
ils placaient, they placed ils placeraient, they would place
Compound Tenses.
j'ai placd, / have placed j'aurai place', I shall have placed
j'avais placd, / had placed j'aurais place'. I should have &c.
92
manger, to eat; mange, eaten
Present Tense. Future Tense,
je mange, / eat je mangerai, / shall eat
tu manges, thou eatest tu mangeras, thou wilt eat
il mange, Tie eats il mangera, he will eat
nous mangeons, we eat nous mangerons, we shall eat
vous mangez, you eat vous mangerez, you will eat
ils mangent, they eat ils mangeront, they will eat
Imperfect Tense. Conditional
je mangeais, I ate je mangerais, I should eat
tu mangeais, thou atest tu mangerais, thou wouldst eat
il mangeait, he ate il manger ait, he would eat
nous mangions, we ate nous mangerions, we should eat
vous mangiez, you ate TOUS mangeriez, you would eat
ils mangeaient, they ate ils mangeraient, they would eat
Compound Tenses.
j'ai mange, I have eaten j'aurai mange', I shall have eaten
j'avais mange, I had eaten j'aurais mange', I should have &c.
se troinper, to be mistaken
Present Tense.
je me trompe, / am mistaken
tu te trompes, thou art mistaken
il se trompe, he is mistaken
nous nous trompons, we are mistaken
vous vous trompez, you are mistaken
ils se trompent, they are mistaken
Imperfect Tense.
je me trompais, / was mistaken
tu te trompais, thou wast mistaken
il se trompait ; he was mistaken
nous nous trompions, we were mistaken
vous vous trompiez, you were mistaken
ils se trompaient, they were mistaken
_ 93
Future Tense.
Je me tromperai, / shall be mistaken
tu te troinperas, thou wilt be mistaken
il se trompera, he will be mistaken
nous nous tromperons, we shall be mistaken
vous vous tromperez, you will be mistaken
ils se tromperont, they will be mistaken
Conditional.
je me tromperais, / should be mistaken
tu te tromperais, thou wouldst be mistaken
il se tromperait, he would be mistaken
nous nous tromperions, we should be mistaken
vous vous tromperiez, you would be mistaken
ils se tromperaient, they would be mistaken
Compound Tenses.
je me suis trompe', / have been mistaken
je m'e'tais trompd, / had been mistaken
je me serai trompe', / shall have been mistaken
je me serais trompe', I should have been mistaken
Write the following exercises in all tenses:
je 1'ai, / have it
je ne Pai pas, / have it not
Pai-je? have I it?
ne l'ai-je pas ? have I not it ?
je le cherche, / look for it
je ne le cherche pas, / do not look for it
je lui donne, I give Mm
je ne lui donne pas, 1 do not give him
je le lui prte, / lend it Mm
je ne le lui pr6te pas, / do not lend it Mm
j'en parle, I speak of it
je n'en parle pas, / do not speak of it
THIRD PART.
VOCABULARIES.
Note. The plural of French nouns is added only when irregular; adjectives
whose feminine differs from the masculine, are always given in full.
1. FRENCH AND ENGLISH VOCABULARY
containing all French words occurring in this book, with their meanings,
but only as used in the French Exercises.
A.
a, has
a, to, at, in; a la mode, in the fashion,
fashionable; a present, now
aboyer, to bark
achete, bought
acheter, to buy
achever, to complete, end
actif, active, active
Adolphe, Adolphus
1'aflaire (f.), the business, work
s'affliger, to grieve
I'Afrique (f.), Africa
l'age (m.), the age
agreable, agreeable, pleasant
(j')ai, (I) have
aimable, amiable
(il) aime, (he) loves, likes
(j')aime, (I) love, like
aimer, to love, like
alle, gone
allez, go, are going
1'ame (f. ), the soul
1'Amerique (f.), America
1'ami (m.), the friend
1'amie (f.), the friend
ramitie" (f.), the friendship
s'amuser, to be amused
1'an (m.), the year
1'anglais, English
1'animal, les animaux (m.), the animal
1'annee (f.), the year, chaque annee,
every year
1'annee bissextile (f.), leap-year
Aout (m.), August (month)
appeler, to call, name; s'appelle, is
called; s'appeler, to be catted, to be
named
1'appetit (m.), the appetite
apporter, to bring
applique, appliquee; diligent
appris, learnt
apres, after
1'arbre (m.), the tree
1'ardoise (f. ), the slate
1'argent (m.), the money, silver
arrive, arrivee; arrived; il est arrive
quelque chose, something has hap-
pened
arriver, to happen
arrose, watered
as, hast
1'Asie (f.), Asia
assez, enough
attendre, to wait
aujourd'hui, to-day
1'aune (f.), the eU
aussi, also, as
95
1'Australie (f.), Australia,
autant, as much, as many
1'autre, the other
autrefois, formerly
autrement, otherwise, differently
avancer, to advance
avant, before
avec, with
(vous) avez, (you) have
(nous) avons, (we) have
Avril (m.), April
B.
le banquier, the banker
le has, the stocking
bas, basse, low
batir, to build
battre, to beat
beau, bel, belle, beautiful, fine
beaucoup, much, many
le beurre, the butter
la bibliotheque, the library
bien, well
le bien, the benefit, good, that which is
right, the property, estate, fortune
bientot, soon
la biere, the beer
blamer, to blame
blanc, blanche, white
la boite, the box
bon, bonne, good
le bonheur, (the) happiness
les bontes (f.), the kindness, good will
la botte, the boot
le boulanger, the baker
le bouquet, the nosegay X^
la bouteiUe, the bottle
la brebis, the sheep
Bruxelles, Brussels
bu, drunk
c.
le cadeau, les cadeaux, the present
le cafe, the coffee
le cahier, the copy-book
la campagne, the country
le canif, the penknife
la canne, the cane
car, for, as
ce, cet, cette; ces; this, that; these, those
c'est, that is, it is
ce qui i that which, which, what
ce que )
ce sont, these are, they are
ceci, this
ceder, to cede, give, yield
cela, that
celebrer, to celebrate
celui, celle; ceux, celles; that, those
celui-ci, celle-ci; ceux-ci, celles-ci;
this, these
celui-la, celle-la; ceux-la, celles-la;
that, those
cent, a hundred
cent un, a hundred and one
le, la centieme, the hundredth
la cerise, the cherry
la chaise, the chair
la chambre, the room
changer, to change, alter
la chanson, the song
chanter, to sing [bonnet
le chapeau, les chapeaux, the hat,
chaque annee, every year, each year
le chat, the cat
le chateau, les chateaux, the castle,
country-seat
chaud, chaude, warm
le chemin, the way, road
la chemise, the shirt
cher, chere, dear; dearly
cherche, sought
chercher, to seek, look for
le cheval, les chevaux, the horse
un cheveu, a single hair
les cheveux (m.), the hair
la chevre, the goat
chez, at the house of; chez moi, to or
at my house; chez le boulanger, at
the baker's; chez mon frere, to, at
my brother's; chez mon pere, at my
father's
le chien, the dog
le chocolat, the chocolate
choisir, to choose
Chretien, Christian
cinq, Jive
cinquante, fifty
le, la cinquantieme, the fiftieth
le, la cinquieme, the fifth
le citron, the lemon
le coflre, the box, trunk
la colere, anger
combien ? how much, how many ?
commencer, to begin
comment ? how ?
le commerce, trade, business
le concert, the concert
connu, known
conseiller, to advise, recommend
content, contente; contented, pleased
centre, against
la corbeiUe, the basket
le cordonnier, the shoemaker
le corps, the body
corriger, to correct
se couchei, to go to bed
la couleur, the color
court, courte, short
le cousin, the (male) cousin
la cousine, the (female) cousin
le couteau, les couteaux, the knife
couter, to cost
la cravate, the cravat
le crayon, the pencil
cree, created
(je) crois, (I) believe
cruel, cruelle, cruel, fierct
la cuiller j
la cuillere ihe s P n
la dame, the lady
dans, in; danspeu de temps, in a little
time
le de, the thimble
Decemhre (m.), December
le defaut. the defect, fault
defendre, to defend, forbid
deja, already
demain, to-morrow
demander, to demand, beg, ask, ask for
demeurer, to live, dwell
demi, demie, half
demi-douzaine (f.), half a dozen
la demoiselle, the young lady
la dent, the tooth
depuis, since, ago
depuis quand ? since when, how long ?
le dernier, la derniere, the last
descendre, to descend, come down
desirer, to desire, wish for
deux, two
le devoir, the duty
Dieu, God
difficile, difficult
dimanche (m.), Sunday
dites, say, tell
dix, ten
dix-huit, eighteen
le, la dix-huitieme, the eighteenth
le, la dixieme, the tenth
dix-neuf, nineteen
le, la dix-neuvieme, the nineteenth
dix-sept, seventeen
le, la dix-septieme, the seventeenth
. the servant (m.f.)
la domestique
donne, given
dormer, to give
donnez-moi, give (to) me
dormi, slept
doucement, softly, gently, slowly
doux, douce, sweet, gentle
la douzaine, the dozen
douze, twelve
le, la douzieme, the twelfth
le drap, the cloth; de bon drap, some
good cloth; du drap bleu, some blue
doth
E.
Veau, les eaux (f.), the water
1'ecole (f.), the school
1'ecolier (m.), the scholar
of
97
Pouter, to listen, listen to
e'crit, written
un ecu, a crown, dollar
effacer, to efface, strike out
effrayer, to frighten
1'eglise (f. ), the church
eleve, educated
elever, to bring up, educate
elle, she, it; elles, they, them
Emilie, Emily
employer, to employ, spend
en, in; of him, of her, of it, of them,
with him, with her, with it, with them,
some, any
encore, still, yet, again
1'encre (f. ), the ink; de 1'encre, some
ink, any ink
1'encrier (m.), the inkstand
1'enfant (m. & f . ), the child; des enfants,
some children, any children
ensemble, together
entre, between, among
envers, towards, to
envoye, sent
envoyer, to send
esperer, to hope
essayer, to try
Tessuie-main (m.), the towel
essuyer, to wipe, dry up
est, is; est a, belongs to
1'estampe (f.), the engraving
et, and
1'etang (m.), the pond
ete, been
etre, to be
1'etude (f.), the study
eu, had
1'Europe (f.), Europe
eux, they, them
exagerer, to exaggerate
excellent, excellente, excellent
F.
facile, easy
fait, (he) makes; made, paid (of a
faites, make, do
la famille, the family
la farine, the flour, meal
la faute, the fault, mistake
faux, fausse, false, treacherous, in-
sincere
la femme, the woman
le fer, (the) iron
la fete, the feast, birthday
le feu, les feux, the fire
Fevrier (m.), February
fidele, faithful
la fille, the daughter, girl
le fils, the son
fin, fine,yme
fini, finished
fiuir, to finish
la fleur, the flower; des fleurs, some
flowers, any flowers; de belles fleurs,
some beautiful flowers
la flute, the flute
font, make
fort, forte, strong
la fortune, the fortune
la fourchette, the fork
frais, fraiche, fresh, new
le franc, the franc, twenty cents
le frangais, French
Fran9ois, Francis
le frere, the brother
froid, froide, cold
le fromage, the cheese
le fruit, the fruit; de bons fruits, some
good fruit; des fruits murs, some
ripe fruit
G.
le gant, the glove
le general, les generaux, the general
Godefroi, Godfrey
grand, grande, large, long, tall, great
la grand'mere, the grandmother
gros, grosse, large, coarse
Guillaume, Wittiam
la guitare, the guitar
98
H.
sliabiller, to dress one's self
1'habit (m.), the coat, dress, garment
se hater, to make haste, to hurry
haut, haute, high
Henri, Henry
1'heure (f. ), the hour, time of the day;
tout a 1'heure, presently, just now
heureux, heureuse, happy, fortunate
hier, yesterday
1'homme (m.), the man
honnete, honest
1'huile (f.), the oil
huit, eight
le, la huitieme, the eighth
1'humeur (f. ), the temper
ITiyene (f.), the hyena
I.
ici, here
ignorant, ignorante, ignorant
il, he, it; il aime, he loves, he likes; il
est arrive quelque chose, something
has happened; il fait, he makes, il
trouve, he finds; il vend, he setts
il y a, there is, there are
il y avait, there was, there were
ils, they
immortel, immortelle, immortal
ingrat, ingrate, ungrateful; unthankful
1'innocence (f.), innocence
instruit, instruite, learned
intelligent, intelligente, intelligent
J.
le jambon, the ham
Janvier (m. ), January
le jardin, the garden
le jardinier; the gardener (m.)
la jardiniere, the gardener (f.)
je, I; j'ai, J have; j'ai raison, I am
right; j'ai tort, J am wrong; j'aime,
I love, Hike; je parle, I speak; je
pense a vous, I think of you
Jean, John
jeter, to throw, throw away
le jeu, les jeux, the play, game
jeudi(m.), Thursday
jeune, young
la jeunesse, youth
joli, jolie, pretty
jouer, to play
le jour, the day
la journee, the day
Juillet (m.), July
Juin (m.), June
la, the
la, her, it
la, there
laborieux, laborieuse, industrious
le lait, the milk
la larme, the tear
las, lasse, tired
le latin, Latin
se laver, to wash one's self
le, the
le, him, it
le leur, it to them
le lui, it to him
les legumes (m.), the vegetables
les, the, them
les leur, them to them
les lui, them to him
la lettre, the letter
leur, leurs, their
le leur, la leur, les leurs, theirs
leur, them, to them
leur en, some to them
leve, lifted, raised
lever, to lift, raise; se lever, to rise..
get up
le libraire, the bookseller
la ligne, the line
le lion, the lion
lire, to read
le livre, the book
la livre, the pound
la loi, the law
Londres, London
long, longue, long
99
lorsque, when, at the time when
louer, to praise
Louis, Louis
Louise, Louisa
lourd, lourde, heavy
lu, read
lui, he, him; to him, to her, to it
lui en, some to him, to her, to it
lundi (m.), Monday
la lune, the moon
M.
madame, Mrs.; mesdames, Mesdames
mademoiselle, Miss; mesdemoiselles,
Misses
Mai (m.), May
la main, the hand
mais, but
la maison, the house
le maitre, the master
le mal, les maux, the evil
malade, sick, ill
le malheur, (the) misfortune
malheureux, malheureuse, unhappy,
unfortunate
la malle, the box, trunk
mange, eaten
manger, to eat
le marchand, the tradesman
mardi (m.), Tuesday
Marie, Mary
Mars (m.), March
Mathilde, Matilda
le matin, the morning
la matinee, the morning
me, me, to me
m'en, some to me
me le, it to me
me les, them to me
mechant, mecnante, naughty
le m&lecm, the physician
meilleur, meilleure, better; le meilleur,
la meilleure, the best; le meilleur
homme de la ville, the best man in
town
le meme, la meme ; les memes, the same
mener, to lead, guide, bring
le menuisier, the joiner
mercredi (m.), Wednesday
la mere, the mother; mon pere et ma
mere, my parents
le metal, les metaux, the metal
midi (m. ), midday, noon; midi et de-
mi, half past twelve
le mien, la mienne; les miens, les
miennes, mine
mieux, better
le, la millieme, the thousandth
minuit (m.), midnight
la minute, the minute
mis, put, laid
la mode, the fashion; a la mode, in
the fashion, fashionable
moderer, to moderate
modeste, modest
moi, I, me
le moineau, les moineaux, the sparrow
moins, less, fewer
le mois, the month
le moment, the moment
mon, ma, mes, my
le monde, the world, people
monsieur, Mr., messieurs, Messrs.;
ce monsieur, this gentleman
la montagne, the mountain
la montre, the watch
montrer, to show
le morceau, les morceaux, the piece
mordre, to bite
la mort, death
mortel, mortelle, mortal
le mot, the word
le mouchoir, the pocket-handkerchief
la moutarde, the mustard
mur, mure, ripe
K.
ne..jamais, not ever, never; no., pas,
not, no; ne. .plus, not more, no
more, no longer; ne. .point, not at
att, no
le negociant, the merchant
100
nettoyer, to dean
neuf, neuve, new
neuf, nine
\e, la neuvieme, the ninth
noir, noire, black
le nombre, the number
non, TIO
notre, nos, our
le notre, la notre; les notres, our*
nous, we, us, to us
nous en, some to us
nous le, it to us
nous les, them to us
nouveau, nouvel, nouvelle, new
Novembre (m.), November
la nuit, the night
O.
obeir, to obey
Octobre (m.), October
Voiseau, les oiseaux (m.), the bird
en, one, people
1'oncle (m.), the uncle
onze, eleven
le, la onzieme, the eleventh
ordinairement, usually
ou, or
ou? where?
oublier, to forget
oui, yes
P.
la page, the page
le pain; thebread; du pain, some oread,
de bon pain, some good bread
la paire, the pair
le papier, the paper
parce que, because
les parents (m.), the relatives; mes
parents, my parents
paresseux, paresseuse, idle
(je) parle, (I) speak
parle, spoken
parler, to speak
partager, to share, divide
parti, partie, gone away, set out, de-
parted, started
la partie, the part
pas de, no
la passion, love, affection
la patience, the patience
pauvre, poor
payer, to pay, pay for
pendant, during
penser, to think; je pense a vous, 1
think of you
perdre, to lose
perdu, lost
le pere, the father; mon pere et ma
mere, my parents
personne. .ne, no one
petit, petite, small, short, little
peu, little, few
le peuple, the people
Philadelphia Philadelphia
la pierre, the stone
la place, the place
placer, to put, place, lay
le plaisir, the pleasure
la plante, the plant
pleure, cried, wept
pleurer, to cry, weep
la plume, the pen
la plupart, the greater part
plus, more
la poire, the pear
le poisson, the fish
le poivre, the pepper
la pomme, the apple; des ponrmes,
some apples, any apples
la porte, the door
porter; to carry, wear; se porter, (to
carry one's self), to be; se porter
bien, to be weU
posseder, to possess
pour, for
pourquoi? why?
la prairie, the meadow
preferer, to prefer
le premier, la premiere, the first
a present, now
prete, lent
prefer, to lend
101
pns, taken
le prix, the price
se promener, to walk, take a walk
(tu> promets, (thou) promisest
promis, promised
prompteinent, quickly
prononcer, to pronounce
propre, proper, clean, neat
proteger, to protect
la prune, the plum
punir, to punish
Q.
la qualite, the quality
quand, when
quarante, forty
le, la quarantieme, the fortieth
le quart, the quarter
quatorze, fourteen
le, la quatorzieme, the fourteenth
quatre, four
quatre-vingts, eighty
le, la quatre-vingtieme, the eightieth
quatre-vingt-dix, ninety
le, la quatre- vingt-dixieme, the nine-
tieth
quatre-vingt-un, eighty-one
le, la quatrieme, the fourth
que? what?
que, that, than, as; whom, which, that
quel, quelle, quels,quelles, which, what
qui, who, which, that; who ?
le quintal, les quintaux, the hundred-
weight
quinze, fifteen; quinze jours, a fort-
night
le, la quinzieme, the fifteenth
R.
raison, right; j'ai raison, I am right
raisonnable, reasonable
le rameau, les rameaux, the branch
rarement, seldom, rarely
re9u, received
refuser, to refuse
regler, to ~vk, settle
la reine, the queen
se rejouir, to rejoice, to be rejoiced
remplir, to Jill, fulfil, do
rendre, to give back, to restore
rendu, paid (of a visit}
repondre, to answer, reply
se reposer, to rest
reste, remained, stayed, stayed behind
retourner, to return, go back
revenu, returned
riche, rich
rien..ne, nothing
rincer, to rinse
la robe, the gown, dress
le roi, the king
la rose, the rose
rouge, red
le ruban, the ribbon
S.
sage, wise, good (as to conduct}
salir, to soil, dirty
la salle, the room
samedi (m.), Saturday
s'appelle, is called
le savon, the soap
se, himself, herself, itself; themselves,
one another
sec, seche, dry
le second, la seconde, the second
la seconde, the second (of time}
seize, sixteen
le, la seizieme, the sixteenth
le sel, the salt
la semaine, the week
sense, sensee, sensible
sept, seven
Septembre (m.), September
le, la septieme, the seventh
la servante, the maid-servant
settlement, only
d, so, if
s'il vous plait, if you please
si .ne, if not, unless
102
le slen, la * ienne, les siens, lea sien-
neo, his
six, six
le, la sixieme, the sixth
la Boeur, the sister
la sole, the silk
le soir, the evenlig
la soiree, the evening; toute la soiree,
all the evening
soixante, sixty
soixante et dix, seventy
soixante et onze, seventy-one
soixante-douze, seventy-two
le, la soixantieme, the sixtieth
le, la soixante-dixieme, the seventieth
le soldat, the soldier
le soleil, the sun
son, sa; ses, his, her, its
sont, are; sont a, belong to (are to)
sorti, sortie, gone out
souhaiter, to wish
le soulier, the shoe
la soupe, the soup
souvent, often
le succes, the success
le sucre, the sugar
sur, on, upon
T.
la table, the tabk
le tailleur, the tailor
tant, so much, so many
la tante, the aunt
tard, late
la tasse, the cup
te, thee, to thee
t'en, some to thee
tele, it to thee
te les, them to thee
le temps, the time, weather; dan a pen
de temps, in a little time
la terre, the earth, land
la tete, the head
le the*, the tea
le theatre, the {heater
le theme, the excrcis*
le tien, la tienne, les tiens, les tien-
nes, thine
le tigre, the tiger
toi, thou, thee
la toile, the linen
ton, ta, tes, thy
tort, wrong; j'ai tort, Jam wrong
toujours, always
tous les jours, every day
tout, every thing, att; quite
tout, toute, tous, toutes, aU; tout b
1'heure, presently, just now; tout le
monde, every body
la tranche, the piece, slice
le travail, les travaux, the work
travailler, to work
treize, thirteen
le, la treizieme, the thirteenth
trente, thirty
trente et un, thirty-one
trente-deux, thirty4wo
le, la trentieme, the thirtieth
tres, very
triste, sad
trois, three
le, la troisieme, the third
se tromper, to deceive one's self, to be
mistaken
trop, too much, too many
le troupeau, les troupeaux, thejlock
(il) trouve, ( he) finds
trouve, found
trouver, to find, meet with, like
tu, thou
U.
tin, une, a, an; one
1'un, 1'une, the one
utile, useful
V.
le vaisseau, les vaisseaux, the ship
(il) vend, ( he) setts
vendre, to sett
vendredi (m.), Friday
vendu, sold
103
venez, come
venu, come
le verre, the glass
vert, verte, green
vertueux, vertueuse, virtuous
la viande, the meat; de la viande, some
meat, ara/mectf/demauvaise viande,
some bad meat
la vie, (the) life
Vienne, Vienna
vieux, vieil, vieille, old
vif, vive, lively
la ville, the town
le vin, the wine
le vinaigre, the vinegar
vingt, twenty
vingt-deux, twenty-two
vingt et un, twenty-one
le, la vingt et unieme, the twenty-first
le, la vingtieme, the twentieth
le violon, the violin
la visite, the visit
vite, quickly
voici, here is, here are
voila, there is, there are
le voisin ) ,
lavoisine f ^e neighbor, m. <&f
volontiers, willingly
votre, vos, your
le, la votre, les votres, yours
voulu, wished
vous, you, to you
vous en, some to you
vous le, it to you
vous les, them to you
vu, seen
Y.
y, there, thither t within, to it, to them.
104
2. ENGLISH AND FRENCH VOCABULARY,
containing all English words occurring in this book, with their meanings,
but only as used in the English Exercises.
a, an, un, nne
active, actif, active
Adolphus, Adolphe
to advance, avancer
to advise, conseiller
(the) affection, la passion
Africa, TAfrique (f.)
after, apres
again, encore
against, centre
the age, 1'age (m.)
ago, depuis
agreeable, agreable
all, tout, toute; tous, toutes; tout
already, deja
also, aussi
to alter, changer
always, toujours
America, 1'Amerique (f.)
amiable, aimable
among, entre
and, et
(the) anger, la colere
the animal, I'animal, les animaux (m.)
to answer, repondre
any, en
the appetite, Tappetit (m.)
the apple, la pomme; some apples, any
apples, des pommes
April, Avril (m.)
are, sont; are going, allez
arrived, arrive, arrivee
as, que, car, aussi; as many, as much,
autant
Asia, 1'Arie (f.)
to ask, ask for, demander
at, a; at the time when, lorsque; at the
house of, chez ; at the baker's, chez
le boulanger; at my father's, chez
xnon pere; to or at my house, chez
moi
August (month), Aout(m.)
the aunt, la tante
Australia, I'Australie ()
B.
the baker, le boulanger; at the laker' 's,
chez le boulanger
the banker, le banquier
to bark, aboyer
the basket, la corbeille
to be, etre, se porter ; to be amused,
s'amuser; to be catted, s'appeler; to
be mistaken, se tromper; to be nam-
ed, s'appeler; to be rejoiced, se re-
jouir; to be well, se porter bien
to beat, battre
beautiful, beau, bel, belle
because, parce que
been, ete
the beer, la biere
before, avant
to beg, demander
to begin, commencer
(I) believe, (je) crois
belong, sont a; belongs to, est a
the benefit, le bien
the best, le meilleur, la meilleure; (Tie
best man in town, le meilleur homme
delaville
better, meilleur, meilleure
105
between, entre
the bird, 1'oiseau, les oiseaux (m.)
the birthday, la fete
to bite, mordre
black, noir, noire
to blame, blamer
the body, le corps
the bonnet, le chapeau, les chapeaux
the book, le livre
the bookseller, le libraire
the boot, la botte
the bottle, la bouteiUe
"bought, achete
the box, la boite, le coffre, la malle
the branch, le rameau, les rameaux
the bread, le pain; some bread, any
bread, du pain; some, any goodbread,
de bon pain
to bring, mener, apporter
to bring up, clever
the brother, le frere ; to my brother's,
chez mon frere
Brussels, Bruxelles
to build, batir
the business, le commerce, I'aflaire (f.)
but, mais
the butter, le beurre
to buy, acheter
C.
to caU, appeler; is called, s'appelle
the cane, la canne
to carry, porter; to carry one's self, to be,
se porter
the castle, le chateau, les chateaux
the cat, le chat
to cede, ceder
to celebrate, celebrer
the chair, la chaise
to change, changer
the cheese, le fromage
the cherry, la cerise
the child, renfant(m. & f.); some child-
ren, any children, des enfants
the chocolate, le chocolat
to choose, choisir
Christian, Chretien
the church, 1'eglise (f.)
to clean, nettoyer
clean, propre
the cloth, le drap; some good cloth, de
bon drop; some blue cloth, du drap
bleu
coarse, gros, grosse
the coat, 1'habit (m.)
the coffee, le cafe
cold, froid, froide
the color, la couleur
come, venu, venez
to come down, descendie
to complete, achever
the concert, le concert
contented, content, contents
the copy-book, le cahier
to correct, corriger
to cost, couter
the country, la campagne
the country-seat, le chateau, les cha-
teaux
the cousin (m. &f.), le cousin, la
cousine
the cravat, la cravate
created, cree
cried, pleure
a crown (coin), un ecu
cruel, cruel, cruelle
to cry, pleurer
the cup, la tasse
the daughter, la fille
the day, le jour, la journ^e
(the) death, la mort
to deceive one's self, se tromper
December, Decembre (m.)
the defect, le defaut
to defend, defendre
to demand, demander
departed, parti, partie
to descend, descendre
to desire, desirer
differently, autrement
106
difficult, difficile
diligent, applique, applign^e
to dirty, salir
to divide, partager
to do (his duty), remplir; do, faites
the dog. le chien
the dollar, 1'ecu (m.)
the door, la porte
the dozen, la douzaine
the dress, la robe, rhabit(m.)
to dress one's self, s'habiller
drunk, bu
dry, sec, seche
to dry up, essuyer
during, pendant
the duty, le devoir
to dwell, demenrer
E.
each year, chaque annee
the earth, la terre
easy, facile
to eat, manger
eaten, mange
to educate, clever
educated, eleve
to efface, eflacer
eight, huit
eighteen, dix-huit
the eighteenth, le, la dix-huitieme
the eighth, le, la huitieme
the eightieth, le, la quatre-vingtieme
eighty, quatre-vingts
eighty-one, quatre-vingt-un
eleven, onze
the eleventh, le, la onzieme
the eU, ratine (f.)
Emily, Emilie
to employ, employer .
to end, achever
English, 1'anglais
the engraving, 1'estampe (t)
enough, assez
the estate, le bien
Europe, ITSurope (f.)
the evening, le soir, la soiree; aU the
evening, toute la soiree
every body, tout le monde; every day,
tons les jours; every thing, tout;
every year, chaque anne'e
the evil, le mal, les maux
to exaggerate, exagerer
excellent, excellent, excellent^
the exercise, le theme
F.
faithful, fidele
false, faux, fausse
the family, la famille
the fashion, la mode; fashionable, in
the fashion, a la mode
the father, le pere; at my father' a,
chez mon pere
the fault, la faute, le defaut
the feast, la fete
February, Fevrier (m.)
few, peu;/eicer, moins
Jierce, cruel, cruelle
fifteen, quinze
the fifteenth, le, la quinzieme
the fifth, le, la cinquieme
the fiftieth, le, la cinquantieme
fifty, cinquante
to fill, remplir
to find, trouver
(he) finds, (il) trouve
fine, beau, bel, belle; fin, fine
to finish, finir
finished, fini
the fire, le feu, les feux
the first, le premier, la premiere
the fish, le poisson
five, cinq
the flock, le troupeau, les troupeaux
the flour, la farine
the flower, la fleur; some or any beauti-
ful flowers, de belles fleurs
the flute, la flute
for, car, pour, pendant
to forbid, defendre
to forget, oublier
10T
the fork, la fourchette
formerly, autrefois
the fortieth, le, la quarantieme
a fortnight, quinze jours
fortunate, heureux, heureuse
the fortune, la fortune, le bieu
forty, quarante
found, troiive
four, quatre
fourteen, qnatorze
the fourteenth, le, la quatorzieme
the fourth, le, la quatrieme
a franc, tin franc (twenty cents)
Francis, Fra^ois
French, le fran9ais
fresh, frais, fraiche
Friday, vendredi (m.)
the friend (m. &f.), 1'ami, 1'amie
the friendship, 1'amitie (f.)
to frighten, eflrayer
the fruit, le fruit; some good fruit, de
bons fruits; some ripe fruit,des fruits
murs
to fulfil, remplir
G.
the game, le jeu, les jeux
the garden, le jardin
the gardener (m. &f.), le jardinier, la
jardiniere
the garment, 1'habit (m.)
the general, le general, les generaux
gentle, doux, douce
this gentleman, ce monsieur
gently, doucement
to get up, se lever
the girl, la fille
to give, donner, ce"der
to give back, rendre
give (to) me, donnez-moj
given, donne
the glass, le verre
the glove, le gant
go, allez
to go back, retourner
to go to bed, se coucher
the goat, la chevre
God, Dieu
Godfrey, Godefroi
gone, alle, allee
gone away, parti, partio
gone out, sorti, sortie
good, bon, bonne; sage; the good will,
les bontes (f.), the good, that which
is right, le bien
the gown, la robe
the grandmother, la grand' mere
great, grand, grande
green, vert, verte
to grieve, s'affliger
to guide, mener
the guitar, la guitare
H.
had, eu
a (single) hair t un cheveu; the hair,
les cheveux
half, demi, demie; half a dozen, demi-
douzaine; half past twelve, midi et
demi
the ham, le jambeu
the hand, la main
to happen, arriver
(the) happiness, le bonheur
happy, heureux, heureuse
has, a
hast, as
the hat, le chapeau, les chapeaux
(I)have, (j')ai; (toe) have, (nous) avons;
(you) have, (vous) avez
he, il, lui; he finds, il trouve; he likes,
loves, il aime; he makes, il fait; he
setts, il vend
the head, la tete
heavy, lourd, lourde
Henry, Henri
her, son, sa, ses ; her, la, elle; to her,
lui; of her, en; herself, se
here, ici; here is, here are, voici
Tiers, le sien, la sienne; les siens, les
siennes
high, haut, haute
108
him, le, lui; to him, ltd; of him, en;
himself, se
his, son, sa, ses; le sien, lasienne; les
siens, les siennes
honest, honnete
to hope, esperer
the horse, le cheval, les chevaux
the hour, 1'heure (f.)
the house, la maison
how, comment ? how many , combien ?
how much, combien? how long,
depuis quand ?
o hundred, cent
a hundred and one, cent un
fte hundred-weight; le quintal, les
quintaux
the hundredth, le, la centieme
to hurry, se hater
Me hyena, 1'hyene (f.)
I.
I, je, moi; / am right, j'ai raison; I
am wrong, j'ai tort; I like, I love,
j'aime; / speak, je parle; I think of
you, je pense a vous
idle, paresseux, paresseuse
if, si; {/. .not, si. .ne
if you please, s'il vous plait
ignorant, ignorant, ignorante
ill, malade
immortal, immortel, immortelle
in, dans, a, en; in a little time, dans
peu de temps
industrious, laborieux, laborieuse
the ink, 1'encre (f.); some ink, any ink,
de 1'eucre
the inkstand, 1'encrier (m.)
(the) innocence, 1'innocence (f.)
insincere, faux, fausse
intelligent, intelligent, intelligente
(the) iron, le fer
is, est; is called, s'appelle
it, il, elle, le, la; to it, lui, y; of it, en;
it to him, le lui; if to me, me le; it
to thee, te le; it to them, le leur; it to
us, nous le; it to you, vous le; it is,
c'eet
its, son, sa, see; le eien, la sienne; les
siens, les siennes
itself, se
J.
January, Janvier (m.)
John, Jean
the joiner, le menuisier
July, Juillet (m.)
June, Juin (m.)
just now, tout a 1'heure
K.
the kindness, les bontes (f.)
the king; le roi
the knife, le couteau, les couteaux
known, connu
IM
the lady, la dame; the young lady, la
demoiselle
laid, place, mis
the land, la terre
large, gros, grosse ; grand, grande
the last, le dernier, la derniere
late, tard
Latin, le latin
the law, la loi
to lay, placer
to lead, mener
(the) leap-year, 1'annee bissextile (f. )
learned, instruit, instruite
learnt, appris
the lemon, le citron
to lend, preter
lent, prete
Zess, moins
the letter, la lettre
the library, la bibliotheque
(the) life, la vie
to lift, lever
lifted, leve
to like, aimer, trouver; Hike, j'aime;
he likes, il aime
the line, la ligne
the linen, la toile
the lion, le lion
to listen, listen to, ecouter
109
pen; in a little time, dans pen de
temps
to live, demeurer
lively, vif, vive
London, Londres
long, long, longue; grand, grande
to look for, chercher
to lose, perdre
'lost, perdu
Louis, Louis
Louisa, Louise
(the) love, la passion; to love, aimer;
I love, j'aime; he loves, il aime
low, bas, basse
M.
made, fait
the maid-servant, la servante
make, faites; (they) make, font; to
make haste, se hater
(he) makes, (il) Mt
the man, I'homme (m.)
many, beaucoup; too many, trop
March, Mars (m.)
Mary, Marie
the master, le maitre
Matilda, Matbilde
May, Mai (m.)
me, me, moi; to me, me
the meadow, la prairie
the meal, la farine
the meat, la viande; some meat, any
meat, de la viande; some or any bad
meat, de mauvaise viande
to meet with, trouver
the merchant, le negociant
Mesdames, mesdames
Messrs., messieurs
the metal, le metal, les metaux
midday, midi (m.)
midnight, minuit(m.)
the milk, le lait [les miennes
mine, le mien, la mienne, les miens,
the minute, la minute
(the) misfortune, le malheur
Miss, mademoiselle; Misses, mesde-
moiselles
the mistake, la faute
to moderate, moderer
modest, modeste
the moment, le moment
Monday, lundi (m.)
the money, 1'argent (m.)
the month, le mois
the moon, la lune
more, plus
the morning, le matin, la matinee, att
the morning, toute la matinee
mortal, mortel, mortelle
the mother, la mere
the mountain, la montagne
Mr., monsieur
Mrs., madame
much, beaucoup; too much, trop; how
much ? combien ?
the mustard, la moutarde
my, mon, ma; mes
to name, appeler
naughty, mecnant, mechante
neat, propre
the neighbor (m. & f.), le voisin, la
voisine
never, ne. .jamais
new, neuf, neuve; nouveau, nouvel,
nouvelle; frais, fraiche
the night, la nuit
nine, neuf
nineteen, dix-neuf
the nineteenth, le, la dix-neuvieme
the ninetieth, le quatre-vingt-dixieme
ninety, quatre-vingt-dix
the ninth, le, la neuvieme
no, non; pas de; ne. .pas; ne. .point;
no longer, ne plus; no more, ne plus;
no one, personne. .ne
noon, midi (m.)
the nosegay, le bouquet
not, ne . . pas; not at all, ne . . point;
not ever, ne . . jamais ; not more,
ne plus
nothing, rien , , ne
110
November, Novembre (m.) pleased, content, contents
now, a present ;just now, tout allieure the pleasure, le plaisir
the number, le nombre the plum, la prune
Q^ the pocket-handkerchief, le mouchoir
to obey, obeir thepond, 1'etang (m.)
October, Octobre (m.) poor, pauvre
of, de; of it, en ^ sses j' P ? 6 ^
often, souvent fce pound la livre
old, vieux, vieil, vieille
</ie present, le cadeau, les cadeaux
presently, tout a 1'heure
only, segment le
y Q ^ promised, promis
the other Tautxe (thou} P r st > W promets
to pronounce, prononcer
o^Amr^autrement . proper, propre
our,, le, la notre; les notres protect protege*
!* to punish, punir
i^ page, la page puf, mis
paid Co/ a visit), fait, rendu topuf, placer
the pair, la paire
tte paper, le papier [ma mere Q"
my parents, mes parents; mon pere et the quality, la qualite
the part, la partie; the greater part, la the quarter, le quart
plupart the queen, la reine
(the) patience, la patience quickly, vite, promptement
to pay, pay for, payer gw#e, tout
f/ie pear, la poire
the pen, la plume **
f/ie penci/, le crayon to raise, lever
f/ie penknife, le canif [on raised, leve
the people, le peuple;peop/e, le monde, rarefy, rarement
the pepper, le poivre read, lu
Philadelphia, Philadelphie to read, lire
Me physician, le medecin reasonable, raisonnable
</ie piece, le morceau, les morceaux, la received, re9u
tranche to recommend, conseiller
the place, la place red, rouge
to place, placer to refuse, refuser
the plant, la plante to rejoice, se rejouir
the play, le jeu, les jeux the relatives, les parents
to play, jouer remained, reste
pleasant, agreable to reply, repondre
Ill
to rest, se reposer
to restore, rendre
to return, retourner
returned, revenu
the ribbon, le ruban
rich, riche
right, raison ; I am right, j'ai raisoii;
i that which is right, le bien
to rinse, rincer
'ripe, mur, mure
to rise, se lever
the road, le chemin
the room, la chambre, la salle
the rose, la rose
to rule, regler
S.
sad, triste
the salt, le sel
the same, le, la meme, les memes
Saturday, samedi (m. )
say, dites
the scholar, 1'ecolier (m.)
the school, 1'ecole (f.)
the second, le second, la seconds
a second, une seconde
to seek, chercher
seen, vu
seldom, rarement
to sett, vendre; (he) sells, (il) vend
to send, envoyer
sensible, sense, sensee
sent, envoye
September, Septembre (m.)
the servant (m. &f.), le domestique,
la domestique
set out, parti, partie
to settle, regler
seven, sept
'seventeen, dix-sept
the seventeenth, le, la dix-septieme
the seventh, le, la septieme
the seventieth, le, la soixante-dixieme
seventy, soixante et dix
seventy-one, soixante et onze
seventy-two, soixante-douze
to share, partager
she, ello
the sheep, la brebis
the ship, le vaisseau, les vaisseaux
the shirt, la chemise
the shoe, le soulier
the shoemaker, le cordonnier
short, court, courte; petit, petite
to show, montrer
sick, malade
the silk, la soie
the silver, 1'argent (m.)
since, depuis ; since when ? depuis
quand?
to sing, chanter
the sister, la soeur
six, six
sixteen, seize
the sixteenth, le, la seizieme
the sixth, le, la sixieme
the sixtieth, le, la soixantieme
sixty, soixante
the slate, 1'ardoise (f.)
slept, dormi
the slice, la tranche
slowly, doucement
small, petit, petite
so, si; so many, tant; so much, tant
the soap, le savon
softly, doucement
to soil, salir
sold, vendu
the soldier, le soldat
some, en; some to him, to her, to it, lui
en; some tome, m'en; some to thee,
t'en; some to them, leur en; some to
us, nous en; some to you, vous en
something has happened, il est arrive*
quelque chose
the son, le fils
the song, la chanson
soon, bientot
sought, cherche*
the soul, 1'ame (f.)
the soup, la soupe
the sparrow, le mojneau, les moineaux
112
to speak, parler; I speak, je park
to spend, employer
the spoon, la cuiller, cuillere
started, parti, partie
stayed behind, reste, restee
still, encore
the stocking, le bas
the stone, la pierre
to strike out, eflacer
strong, fort, forte
the study, 1'etude (f.)
the success, le succes
the sugar, le sucre
the sun, le soleil
Sunday, dimanche (m.)
sweet, doux, douce
T.
the table, la table
the tailor, le tailleur
to take a walk, se promener
taken, pris
to talk, parler
tall, grand, grande
the tea, le the
the tear, la larme
tell, dites
the temper, rhumeur (f.)
ten, dix
the tenth, le, la dixieme
than, que
that, those, ce, cet, cette, ces; celui,
celle, ceux, celles, celui-la, celle-la;
ceux-l&, celles-la; cela; that which, ce
qui; that is, c'est
that, qui, que that (conj.), que
the, le, la, les
the theater, le theatre
thee, toi, te
their, leva, leurs
theirs, le leur, la leur, les leurs
them, eux, elles, les ; to them, leur, y;
of Mem, en ; them to him, les lui ; them
to me, me les*; them to thee, te les;
them to you, vous les; them to them,
les leurs; them to us, les nous
themselves, se
there, la, y; toer is, there are, il y a;
there was, there were, il y avait
these are, ce sont
they, ils, eux, elles ; they are, ce sont
the thimble, le de
thine, le tien, la tienne, les tiens, les
tiennes
to think, penser; I think of you, je
pense a vous
the third, le, la troisieme
thirteen, treize
the thirteenth, le, la treizieme
the thirtieth, le, la trentieme
thirty, trente
thirty-one, trente et un
thirty-two, trente-deux
this, these, ce, cet, cette, ces ; celui,
celle, ceux, celles; celui-ci, celle-ci,
ceux-ci, celles-ci; ceci
thither, y
thou, toi, tu
thousand, mille
the thousandth, le, la millieme
three, trois
to throw, throw away, Jeter
Thursday, jeudi (m.)
thy, ton, ta; tes
the tiger, le tigre
the time, le temps; the time (of the
day), 1'heure ; at the time when,
lorsque
tired, las, lasse
to, at ; envers ; to my brother's, chez
mon frere; to or at my house, chez
moi
to-day, aujourd'hui
to-morrow, demain
together, ensemble
too many, too much, trop
the tooth, la dent
towards, envers
the towel, I'essuie-main (m.)
the town, la ville
(the) trade, le commerce
the tradesman, le marchand
113
treacherous, faux, fausso
the tree, 1'arbre (m.)
the trunk, la malle, le coffre
to try, essayer
Tuesday, niardi (m.)
the twelfth, le, la douzieme
twelve, douze
'the twentieth, le, la vingtieme
twenty, vingt
the twenty-first, le, la vingt-et-tmieme
twenty-one, vingt-et-un
twenty-two, vingt-deux
two, deux
u.
the uncle, 1'oncle (m.)
to weep, pleurer
well, bien
wept, pleure* [quelles?
what? que? quel, quelle ; quels,
when, quand, lorsque
where ? ou?
which, qui, que ; quel, quelle, quels,
quelles ; ce qui, ce que
white, blanc, blanche
who ? qui ? of whom, de qui ? from
whom, de qui ? to whom, a qui ? for
whom, pour qui ? to/io, qui
whole, tout, toute
10% ? pourquoi ?
William, Guillaume
unfortunate, malheureux, malheureuse willingly, volontiers
ungrateful, ingrat, ingrate
unhappy, malheureux, malheureuse
unless, si. ...ne
unthankful, ingrat, ingrate
upon, sur
us, to us, nous
useful, utile
usually, ordinairement
V.
the vegetables, les legumes (m.)
very, tres
Vienna, Vienne
the vinegar, le vinaigre
the violin, le violon
virtuous, vertueux, vertueuse
the visit, la visite
w.
to wait, attendre
to walk, se promener
warm, chaud, chaude
the watch, la montre
the water, 1'eau, les eaux (f.)
watered, arrose
the way, le chemin
we, nous
to wear, porter
the weather, le temps
Wednesday, mercredi (m.) -^""fc, ,,
the wine, le vin
to wipe, essuyer
wise, sage
to wish, desirer, souhaiter, to wish
for, desirer
wished, voulu
with, avec; with him, with her, with it,
with them, en
within, y
the woman, la femme
the word, le mot [travaux
the work, 1'affaire (f.), le travail, les
to work, travailler
the world, le monde
written, ecrit
wrong, tort; lam wrong, j'ai tort
Y.
the week, la semaine
the year, 1'an (m.), I'annee (f.), each
year, chaque annee
yes, oui
yesterday, hier
yet, encore
to yield, ceder
you, to you, vous
young, jeune ; the young lady, la de-
moiselle
your, votre, vos
yours, le votre, la votre, les vStres
/ or TH* ?<*A la jeunesee
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