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 THE LIBRARY 
 
 OF 
 
 THE UNIVERSITY 
 OF CALIFORNIA 
 
 PRESENTED BY 
 
 PROF. CHARLES A. KOFOID AND 
 MRS. PRUDENCE W. KOFOID 
 
THE BOMBAY FLORA: 
 
 OR, 
 
 SHOUT DESCRIPTIONS 
 
 OF ALL 
 
 THE INDIGENOUS PLANTS 
 
 HITHERTO DISCOVERED IN OR NEAR THE BOMBAY 
 PRESIDENCY ; 
 
 TOGETHER WITH 
 
 A SUPPLEMENT OF INTRODUCED AND 
 NATURALISED SPECIES. 
 
 BY 
 
 NICHOLAS A. DALZELL, M.A., 
 
 AND 
 
 ALEXANDER GIBSON, F.L.S. 
 
 PRINTED AT THE 
 
 EDUCATION SOCIETY'S PRESS, BYCULLA. 
 
 1861. 
 
PREFACE. 
 
 IN presenting to the Public the accompanying " Flora" of the 
 Bombay Presidency, the Authors may be allowed to express the 
 hope that it will be found to supply a want much felt by the 
 increasing number of young Botanists, as well as others of an 
 inquiring turn of mind. 
 
 Great have been the advances made in the knowledge of Indian 
 Plants since the date of Mr. Graham's Catalogue, and it will be 
 seen that researches throughout the Jungle Districts of our Presi- 
 dency, for which the Authors have enjoyed the best opportunities, 
 have tended to enrich our " Flora" in no ordinary degree. 
 
 Very many new species of Plants have been discovered, and, 
 in addition to a greater degree of precision in the nomenclature, 
 and a more accurate determination of ^species already known, an 
 obvious improvement has been made in the separation of all 
 Plants not truly indigenous. 
 
 Introduced, cultivated, and naturalised species seem to belong 
 more properly to horticulture and rural economy, and such will be 
 found in Part No. 2. 
 
 This has been framed, as in Mr. Graham's list from which, 
 indeed, many of the descriptions are taken partly on the basis of 
 the Linnaean system, as it was deemed probable, that as the 
 students and alumni of our colleges can but seldom enjoy the 
 opportunity of extending their researches beyond the limits of 
 
 SKJ71711 
 

 
 IV 
 
 Ji* 
 
 the public and other gardens in or near Bombay and Poona, it is 
 to them of much importance to have every facility for the identifi- 
 cation of Plants and Trees. 
 
 In conclusion, the Authors are far from supposing their work as 
 free from errors, or that the lists are even complete ; and they may 
 mention, for the encouragement of the young and ardent explorers 
 of nature anxious to make discoveries, that the field is not yet 
 exhausted ; that new species of Plants have been found while the 
 last sheets were passing through the Press. The Cryptogamic 
 portion of the Catalogue has, in order to meet the present wants 
 of our Readers, been literally transcribed from that of Mr. 
 (ii-aham ; but we hope on a future opportunity to be able to present 
 it to the Public in a more complete and enlarged form. 
 
No. I. 
 
 CATALOGUE OF PLANTS INDIGENOUS TO WESTERN 
 INDIA IN AND NEAR THE BOMBAY PRESIDENCY. 
 
 I. RANUNCULACE.E. 
 
 1. NARAVELIA, DC. 
 
 1. N. ZEYLANICA, DC. syst. 1, 167. Prod. 1, 10. Climbing ; 
 leaves broadly ovate, shortly acuminate, cordate or rounded at the 
 base, pubescent or tomentose beneath, rarely glabrous, surmounted 
 by tendrils ; petals linear spathulate. Syn. Atragene Zeylanica, 
 Linn. Rox. Cor. PI t. 188, Flor Ind. ii, 670. Hab. Southern 
 Ghauts only. 
 
 2. CLEMATIS, Linn. 
 
 1. C. SMILACIFOLIA, Wall, in As. Research, xiii, 414. Climb- 
 ing, quite smooth ; leaves very large, simple or ternate partite, gen- 
 erally entire, purple beneath, 5 to 10 inches long; panicles elongated, 
 many-flowered ; sepals oblong, acute, spreading or reflexed. DC. 
 Prod. 1,10; Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 4259; Syn. C. munroiana, Wight. 
 Illus. 1,5; C. affinis. Wight 111. 1,5; C. subpeltata, Wall. PI As. 
 Rar. t 20 ; C. smilacina Blume. Bijdr. i. Hab. Phoonda Ghaut. 
 
 2. C. TRILOBA, Heyne, in Roth. nov. sp. 251. Climbing, all 
 softly silky ; leaves small, on longish petioles, simple or ternately 
 divided, elliptic or ovate. Hab. Mawul districts; flowers in Sep- 
 tember ; the flowers are large and white. Native name " Moriel" 
 or " Ranjae." 
 
 3. C. GOURIANA, Rox. Fl Ind. ii, 670. Climbing ; all over 
 smooth, except the younger parts ; leaves very various, pinnately 
 or bi-pinnately divided ; segments ovate or oblong acuminate, mem- 
 branaceous, shining on the upper surface ; panicles decompound, 
 many-flowered ; flowers small, appear in October. In thickets on 
 the Ghauts ; pretty common. 
 
 4. C. WIGHTIANA, Wall. Cat. 4674. Pubescent; leaves pin- 
 nate, segments, broadly ovate, 3-lobed, 2 to 3 inches long, some- 
 times 5-!obed, coarsely toothed, densely hairy beneath ; panicles 
 longer than the leaves, decompound ; seeds ovate, compressed, very 
 silky. W. and A. Prod. 1, 2; Wight. Ic. 935. On the highest 
 Ghauts, Mahableshwur, &c. 
 
3. THALICTRUM, Linn. 
 
 1. T. DALZELLII, Hook. Ic. PI t. 856. A rigid plant, one 
 foot high ; leaves ternately divided ; leaflets large rounded, kidney- 
 shapedt deeply cordate, crevato-lobate ; panicle small, flowers in 
 clusters ; seeds oblong, furrowed. East side of Hurrychunder. 
 
 4. DELPHINIUM, Linn. 
 
 1. D. DASYCAULOX, Fresen. Mus. Senkenb. ii, 272. Stem 
 branched, with few leaves ; leaves radical, large, round reniform, 
 broadly 5-lobed lobes again 3-lobed and deeply cut ; stem leaves 
 5-divided ; racemes lax elongated ; flowers of a beautiful blue, very 
 showy. Near Jooneer; found also in Abyssinia. Flowers in August 
 and September. 
 
 II. DILLENIACE^E. 
 
 1. DILLENIA, Linn. Speciosa. Thunb. Linn. Trans, i, 200. A 
 middle-sized tree; leaves petioled, oblong or lanceolate acute, 
 sharply serrated, 8 to 10 inches long; flowers large, 6 to 9 inches in 
 diameter, solitary ; fruit large, round, smooth, size of a cocoanut. S. 
 Concmi, at Banda, in the Warree country, Alibaug. Syn. D. elliptica 
 Thunb. loc. cit. ; DC. Prod. 1, 76 ; D. Indica, Linn. sp. 765 ; Syalita 
 Rheede Mai. iii, t. 38, 39. Maratha name " Mota Kurmul." 
 The Jeaves of the calyx have an agreeable acid flavour, and are 
 eaten, Graham ; when added to syrup, useful as a cough-mixture ; 
 the fruit has a disagreeable odour. , 
 
 2. PENTAGYNA, Roxb. Cor. PI 1,^.20. A middle-sized tree ; 
 leaves very large, 2 to 4 feet long, oblong lanceolate acute, narrow- 
 ing towards the base, denticulate; when old, glabrous; flowers on 
 the branches, when leafless, in clusters, yellow, small; appear in 
 April ; fruit size of a gooseberry, edible. Southern Maratha 
 Countiy and thinly about the Ghauts, up to lat. 19. Syn. D. 
 Augusta and Pilosa Rox. Fl Ind. ii, 652 ; Colbertia Coromande- 
 liana, DC. Prod. 1, 75. The leaves are used at Poona as a sub- 
 stratum for thatched roofs. These two species are remarkable for 
 the grandeur of their foliage, and the showiness of their flowers. 
 
 III. ANONACE^E. 
 
 1. SAGERAEA, Dalzell. 
 
 1. S. LAURINA, Dalz. in Hook. Jour. Bot. iii, 307. An ele- 
 gant middle-sized laurel-looking tree ; leaves 5 to 7 inches long, 
 linear oblong ; flowers white, about one inch in diameter ; carpels 
 globose, smooth, 6-seeded; flowers in October and November. Flab. 
 Concans. Yields a valuable reddish timber. Syn. Guatteria 
 laurifolia, Grab. Cat. Bomb. PI p. 4. Native name " Sajeree." 
 
2. UVARIA, Linn, 
 
 1. U. LURIDA, Hook. F. and Thorns. Fl Ind. i, 101. A 
 climbing shrub ; leaves 6 to 9 inches long, oblong lanceolate, 
 shining above, paler beneath ; flowers at the tops of the branchlets, 
 solitary or twin, luridly purple, 2 inches in diameter ; fruit un- 
 known; flowers in November. Hab. Southern Ghauts. 
 
 2. U. NARUM, Wall. Cat. 6473. A climbing shrub; leaves 
 oblong lanceolate, or linear oblong, smooth on both sides ; flowers 
 terminal, subsolitary, reddish or ferruginous, 1 J inch in diameter ; 
 carpels ovoid obtuse, on longish stalks, numerous, smooth. 
 Wight. Illus. i, t. 6; Syn. U. Zeylanica, Lam.; Unona narum, 
 Dunal. Hab. Parwar and neighbouring Ghauts. 
 
 3. UNONA, Linn. 
 
 1. U. DUNALII, Wall. Cat. 6435. Climbing; leaves oblong 
 or oblong lanceolate, somewhat membranaceous, smooth on both 
 sides or slightly pubescent beneath ; peduncles axillary and ter- 
 minal ; flowers pale-yellow ; sepals broad ovate ; petals lanceolate, 
 with a broad base ; carpels with 1 to 3 articulations. Concan, Dr. 
 Stocks, Hook, and Thorns, Fl Ind. i, p 132. 
 
 2. U. LAWII, Hook. Fil. and Thorns. Fl Ind. Leaves ob- 
 long lanceolate, thinly coriaceous, slightly puberulous or smooth 
 above, glaucous and pubescent beneath ; peduncles slender, about 
 opposite to the leaves, outer petals 2| inches long, pubescent, linear ; 
 closely resembles the following, but distinguished by the narrow 
 petals. Hab. Concan, Law. 
 
 3. U. DISCOLOR, Vahl. Symb. ii, 63, t. 36. A shrub; leaves 
 oblong lanceolate, 2 to 8 inches long, shining above, glaucous, 
 smooth or scarcely pubescent beneath ; petals lanceolate, 2 inches 
 long, a little silky ; carpels with 1 to 6 articulations. Hab. Sivapore, 
 in the Warree country ; in fruit in February. Syn. Uvaria chinensis, 
 DC. syst. ; U. Amherstiana, A., DC. mem.; U. biglandulosa, 
 Bulm. Bijdr. ; U. undulata, Wall. PI as. rar. t. 26-3; U. cordifolia, 
 Rox. Fl Ind. ii, 662? 
 
 4. U. FARINOSA, Dalz. in Hook. Jour. Bot. iii, 207.- A tree; 
 leaves 21 to 4 inches long, ovate, lanceolate, obtusely acuminate, 
 pellucid dotted, coriaceous, sparingly pubescent beneath; flowers 
 axillary subsessile; petals oblong lanceolate, villous, feeling like wool- 
 len-cloth ; carpels 5 to 6,oval obtuse. Between Parwar Ghaut and Tulla- 
 waree; flowers in March. Syn. Uvaria mollis, Wall. Cat. 6475. 
 
 4. GUATTERIA, Ruiz, and Pavon. 
 
 1 . G. CERASOIDES, Dunal. anon. 28. A tree ; leaves lanceolate, 
 or oblong lanceolate, pubescent beneath ; pedicles, 1 to 3 ; on the 
 
apex of a tubercle, like peduncle ; fruit size of a cherry, dark-red, 
 slightly hairy, j-inch long. Thull Ghaut, Jowar forests ; flowers 
 in February and March. Syn. Uvaria cerasoides, Roxb. Fl Cor. t. 
 32, Ind. ii, 666. Native name " Hoom." 
 
 2. G. FRAGRANS, Dalz. in Hook. Jour. Bot. iii, 206. A tree ; 
 leaves oblong lanceolate, oval or ovate, sometimes obovate, 4 to 9 
 inches long, strongly nerved ; peduncles short, stout, much-branch- 
 ed, many-flowered; petals narrow linear, yellow, very fragrant; 
 carpels large, ovoid, hoary, ash-coloured, long-stalked. Jungles at 
 Sivapore, Warree country. 
 
 5. SACCOPETALUM, Bennet. 
 
 1. S. TOMENTOSUM, Hook. Fil. and Thorns. Flor. Ind. i, 
 152. A tree; leaves oval or ovate oblong, acute, pubescent on 
 both sides ; pedicles slender, elongated, three exterior petals very 
 minute, all covered on the inside with white tomentum ; carpels 
 subglobose, one inch long, fulvous, tomentose. Hab. Tulkut 
 Ghaut. Syn. Uvaria tomentosa, Rox. Cor. PI t. 35. ; Flor. Ind. 
 ii, 667. 
 
 IV. MYRISTICACE^E. 
 
 1. MYRISTICA, Linn. 
 
 1. M. ATTENUATA. Wall. Cat. 6791, Hook, and Thorns. Fl 
 Ind. i, p 157. A tall tree; branches slightly scurfy ; leaves oblong 
 lanceolate, long attenuated, acute or rounded at the base, glaucous 
 beneath; peduncles axillary, few-flowered, disc flat, 12-lobed ; fruit 
 oval or oblong, 1 inch long, covered with tawny tomentum, aril 
 very thin. The Ghauts. M. Amygdalina, Graham Cat. p 175; 
 Wallich's specimens were received from Heyne. 
 
 2. M. MALABARICA, Lam. Act. Paris, 1788, p 162. 
 A tall tree ; branchlets glabrous, with a smooth, reddish bark ; 
 leaves narrow oblong, or elliptic lanceolate, male inflorescence 
 axillary, dichotomously cymose, many-flowered; flowers loosely 
 umbellate ; fruit oblong, with a tawny hoariness, 2 \ to 3 inches 
 long. Dense woods of the Ghauts. Flowers November to Feb- 
 ruary. Blume. Rumph. i, 185 ; M. dactyloides, Wall. Cat. 6786 ; 
 Rheed. Hort. Mai. iv, t. 5. 
 
 V. MENISPERMACE^l. 
 1. ANAMIRTA, Colebrooke. 
 
 1. COCCULUS, W. and A. Prod. 1, 466. A twining shrub, with 
 thick corky bark ; leaves exactly cordate, glabrous, 4 to 8 inches 
 long; petioles elongated : panicles pendulous from the thicker branches 
 
above a foot long, many-flowered ; flowers rather large ; drupes 
 
 flabrous. Concan; common. Syn. Menispermum cocculus, Linn. sp. 
 468 ; M. heteroclitum, Rox. Fl Ind. iii, 817 ; Cocculus lacunosus, 
 DC. syst. 1, 519; Prod. 1, 97. ; C. suberosus, DC. syst. 1, 519; W. 
 and A. Prod. 1, 11 ; C. populi folius, DC. Prod. 1, 97. 
 
 2. TINOSPORA, Miers. 
 
 1. MALABAKICA, Miers in Taylor's Annals, Ser. ii vii, 38. 
 Leaves cordate, ovate, slightly or densely pubescent beneath ; a 
 climbing shrub, with ash-coloured bark, young parts with whitish 
 hairs ; leaves 7 -nerved, 3 to 6 inches long, and nearly as broad ; 
 racemes as long as the leaf; flowers green; ripe drupes red. The 
 Concan. Menispermum malabaricum, Lam. Wilid. ; Cocculus 
 Malabaricus, DC. syst. 1, 518., Prod. 1, 97 ; llheed. Mai. vii, t. 19. 
 
 2. T. CORDIFOLIA, Miers in Taylor's Annals, Ser. 2, vii 38. 
 A twining shrub, with scabrous corky bark, and broad cordate 
 leaves on longish petioles ; racemes axillary, solitary ; flowers 
 yellow, small ; drupe size of a small cherry, red. Concan. Syn. 
 Menispermum malabaricum, B. Lam. Diet, iv, 96; M. cordifolium, 
 Willd. Roxb. Flor Ind. iii, 811 ; Cocculus cordifolius, DC. syst. 1, 
 518. Prod. 197. Stems sold in the bazars under the name of 
 " Gulo/' the Guluncha of Bengal, and is useful in fevers. 
 
 3. COCCULUS, DC. 
 
 1. MACROCARPUS. W. and A. Prod. 1, 13. Shrubby, climbing ; 
 bark ash-coloured, wrinkled ; leaves rounded or reniform, cordate or 
 truncate at the base, shining, 5-nerved, quite smooth, glaucous 
 beneath ; panicles long-branched, many-flowered ; drupes obovate 
 oblong, an inch long. Jungles in the Concan. Syn. Diploclisia 
 macrocarpa, Miers in Ann. Nat. Hist., Ser. ii vii, 4'2. 
 
 2. C. VILLOSUS, DC. Prod. 1,98. Leaves oval oblong, sub- 
 deltoid, villous ; male panicles abbreviated, female flowers I to 3 
 in the axils, small, yellow ; drupes dark-purple when ripe, of which 
 ink is made, according to Roxb., and a decoction of the roots a 
 substitute for sarsaparilla. Very common in hedges. Syn. C. 
 sepium, Coleb. in Linn. Trans, xiii, 58 ; C. hastatus, DC. Prod. 
 1, 98; Menispermum hirsatum, Linn. Roxb. Fl Ind. iii, 814 ; M. 
 Myosotoides. 
 
 4. CISSAMPELOS, Linn. 
 
 1 . PAREIRA, Linn. Spec. PI 1473. Climbing ; leaves reniform or 
 rounded or broadly cordate, more or less pubescent ; male cymes 
 long-peduncled, many-flowered, hairy; female racemes with large 
 round bracts ; drupes subglobose hirsute ; flowers yellowish, very 
 
6 
 
 small. Common in hedges ; flowers in the rains. Syn. Caapeba, 
 Linn. sp. 1473, Rox. Fl Ind. iii, 842; C. convolvulacea, Willd. 
 DC. Prod. 1, 101 ; Roxb. Fl Ind. iii, 842, with 18 others. 
 
 5. CYCLEA, Arnott. 
 
 1 . BURMANNI, M iers in Taylor's Annals. Leaves peltate elong- 
 atedeltoid acuminated, cordate at the base, shining above ; panicles 
 as long as or longer than the leaves, many-flowered, pubescent, 
 male flowers twice as large as in the following specie ; calyx inflated, 
 subglobose, 6 to 8-lobed ; corolla a half smaller, scarcely lobed. Hilly 
 parts of the Concan and Ghauts ; flowers in January. Syn. Coc- 
 culus burmanni, DC. Prod. 1, 96; Clypea burmanni, W. and A. 
 Prod. 1 , in part only. 
 
 2. PELTATA, H. Fil. et T. Leaves peltate deltoid, slightly 
 cordate at the base; calyx companulate, 4-lobed ; petals half the 
 length, united into a 4-lobed cup. Concan. Syn. Menispermum 
 pellatum, Lam.; Cocculus peltattus, DC. Prorl, 1, 96; Clypea bur- 
 manni, W. and A. Prod. 1, 14, in part; Rheed. Mai. vii, t. 49. 
 
 6. STEPHANIA, Lourciro. 
 
 1. IlERNANDiFOLiA,Walp. Rep. 1.96. Climbing shrub; branches 
 striated, glabrous ; leaves ovate or sub-deltoid, truncate or slightly 
 cordate at the base, pale or glaucous beneath ; peduncles axillary, 
 umbelled at the apex ; sepals obovate obtuse ; petals a half smaller. 
 Concan. Syn. Cissampelos hernandifolia, Willd ; Clypea hernandi- 
 folia r W. and A. Prod. 1,14; Wight. Ic. t. 939; Cissampelos dis- 
 color, DC. Prod. 1, 101 ; C. hexandra, Rox. Fl Ind. iii, 842. 
 
 VI. NYMPHAEACE^l. 
 1. NYMPHAEA, Linn. 
 
 1. LOTUS, Linn. sp. PI 729. Leaves sharply sinuate dentate, 
 pubescent beneath ; sepals oblong obtuse, 5 to 7-ribbed ; petals 
 linear or ovate oblong, filaments broadly dilated at the base ; 
 anthers without appendages ; appendages of the stigma cylindric 
 clavate ; flowers large, red, rose-coloured, or white. Tanks in the 
 Concan. Syn. N.rubra, Rox. Fl Ind ii, 576; N. edulis, Rox. loc. 
 cit. 678 ; N. pubescens, Willd. sp. PI. ii, 1 154. 
 
 2. STELLATA, Willd. sp. PI ii, 1153. Leaves orbicular or 
 elliptic-orbicular, obtusely sinuate dentate, or entire ; sepals nerved, 
 but not ribbed ; petals linear oblong or lanceolate acute, or narrowed 
 at the apex ; anthers with long appendages ; rays of the stigma with 
 short horns without appendages ; flowers blue, white, rose-coloured, 
 
/ 
 
 or purple. Very common. Syn. N. cyanea, Roxb. Fl Ind. iii, 
 577.; N. versi color, Roxb. Fl Ind. ii, 577. 
 
 VII. NELUMBIACEJE. 
 1. NELUMBIUM. 
 
 1. N. SPECIOSUM, Willd. sp. PI ii, 1288. Leavrs 1 to 2 feet 
 in diameter, peltate, smooth, paler beneath, with prominent veins, 
 margins slightly waved ; flowers white or rose-coloured, half a foot 
 in diameter; fruit turbinate, with aflat top, containing many edible 
 nuts. Roxb. Fl Ind. 647; Syn. N. ascaticum, Rich. Ann. mus. 
 xvii '249, t. 19, fig 2.; Nelumbo nucifera, Gaertn./ri, 73, t. 19, fy 
 2. In tanks; pretty common ; flowers in the rains. Native name 
 " Kummul." Well described by Herodotus, who saw it in Kerypt, 
 where it no longer exists. The roots are a native vegetable in Sind. 
 " Kummul" of the Marathas. 
 
 VIII. FUMARIACE/E. 
 1. FUMARIA, Linn. 
 
 1. F. PARVIFLORA, Lam. Diet, ii, 567, variety Vaillantii. 
 From a span to two feet high; leaves much divided ; flowers small, 
 rose-coloured; fruit globose, smooth. W. and A. Prod.}, 18; 
 Wight. Illus. .11, Roxb. Fl Ind. iii, 217. Deccan and Khandeish ; 
 pretty common, flowering in the cold weather. 
 
 IX. CRUCIFER.E. 
 
 1. CARDAMINE, Linn. 
 
 1. C. HIRSUTA, Linn. sp. 915, variety Subumbellata. Six 
 inches high ; leaves pinnately divided, leaflets, 6 to 7, coarsely 
 toothed; flowers somewhat corymbose, few, yellow, minute; pods 
 linear acute, about I inch long. On hills near Belgaum ; flowers 
 in July. 
 
 X. CAPPARIDE^l. 
 
 1. GYNANDROPSIS, DC. 
 
 1. PENTAPHYLLA, DC. An annual erect plant, covered with- 
 glandular pubescence ; leaves 3 to 5 foliolate, leaflets obovate ; 
 flowers white. A common we< d in waste places. Syn. G. affinis, 
 Blume ; Cleome pentaphylla, Linn. ; Rumph Amt. v, t. 96, fig 3 ; 
 Torr. and Gr. FIN. Am. i, 121. 
 
8 
 
 2. CLEOME, Linn. 
 
 1. MONOPHYLLA, Linn. Herbaceous pubescent; leaves simple 
 lanceolate ; siliqua puberulous, round and striated ; flowers pink. 
 A common weed. 
 
 2. BURMANNI, VV. and A. Prod. 1, 2'2. Herbaceous, glabrous ; 
 leaves trifoliolate ; leaflets obovate ; siliqua terete glabrous. A weed. 
 Syn. Polanisia dodecandra, DC. Piod. 1, p. 242; Burm. Zeyl. t. 
 
 100, fig 1. 
 
 3. POLANISIA, Rafin. 
 
 1. ICOSANDRA, W. and A. Glandular viscid; leaves 3 to 5 folio- 
 late; leaflets obovate pubescent; siliqua round striated, rough, with 
 glandular hairs. A weed. Syn. P. viscosa B., DC. Prod. ; Cleome 
 icosandra, Linn ; C. viscosa) Linn. ; Rumph. Amb. v, .96, fig 2 ; 
 Burin. Zeyl. t. 99. 
 
 2. P. SIMPLICIFOLIA, Camb. in Jacq. Voy. iv 20, t. 20. 
 Branches spreading, all rough, hairy ; leaves simple obovate or ob- 
 long mucronulate ; flowers axillary, solitary, purple ; silique sub- 
 cylindric, torulose glabrous, pointed with the style ; seeds scabrous, 
 brown. Common in the Poona Collectorate ; flowers in July and 
 August. 
 
 3. CHELIDONII, DC. Prod. 2, p 242. Stem hispid; leaves, 7 
 to 9, foliolate ; leaflets obovate or oblong hispid ; flowers-rose colour- 
 ed ; siliqua glabrous, terete, sessile. Syn. P. Schraderi, DC. Fl Rar. 
 Hort. Gen. fasc. 3, p 57. ; P. Leschenaultii, DC. loc. cit. ; Cleome 
 chelidonii, Linn. Moist places in the Deccan, Bojapoor, on the 
 road to Poona. 
 
 4. CRATAEVA, Linn. 
 
 1. ROXBURGHII, Br. A small tree, with 3 foliolate leaves; 
 leaflets obovate acuminate ; fruit woody, globose, scurfy, like that 
 of Feronia. Banks of the Nerbudda, near Chandode, Warree jun- 
 gles. Syn. C. odora., Ham. in Linn, trans.; C. religioso, Ham. loc. 
 cit.; Capparis 3 folia, Roxb. Fl Ind. 
 
 2. NURVALA, Ham. Leaflets ovate lanceolate acuminate, in 
 other respects much like the last, only the fruit is more oblong ; 
 flowers in February. Caranjah Hill, Warree country. This species 
 is the true Varvunna. 
 
 5. NIEBHURIA, DC. 
 
 I. OBLONGIFOLIA, DC. A climbing shrub; leaves simple, oval, 
 oblong ; fruit elongated and constricted between the seeds, resem- 
 bling a necklace. Flowers and fruit in November. Syn. N. arenaria, 
 DC. Prod. ; Capparis hetero clita, Rox. Fl Ind. ; Crataeva oblongi- 
 folia, Sprengel, In hedges in Gujerat and Deccan. 
 
9 
 
 6, CADABA, Forsk. 
 
 C. INDICA, Lain. A small shrub, with small oblong glabrous 
 leaves; flowers terminal, whitish; siliqua linear. Syn. Cleome 
 fruticosa, Linn. ; Strcemia tetrandra, Vahl. ; Roxb. Fl Ind. ii, p 678. 
 Guzerat and the Deccan. 
 
 7. CAPPARIS, Linn. 
 
 1. BREVISPINA, DC. A thorny shrub, with linear lanceolate 
 or oval leaves ; pedicles axillary solitary, one-flowered ; fruit glo- 
 bular, brio-lit scarlet, U inch in diameter. Western Deccan, 
 banks of nullahs, &c., near Vingorla. Syn. C. acuminata, Roxb. Fl 
 Ind. ii, p 566; C. Rheed. DO. Prod. 1, p 246; C. rotundifolia, 
 Rottl. and Willd. DC. Prod, ii, p 245. " Wagutty" of the Marathas. 
 Hook. Ic. PI t. 126. 
 
 2. ROXBURGHII, DC. A shrub ; leaves elliptic oblong obtuse ; 
 racemes terminal corymbiform ; flowers large, white, handsome; 
 fruit bright scarlet, 3 inches in diameter. Syn. C. corymbosa, Roxb. 
 Hort. Beng., p 93, Fl Ind. ii, 569 ; C. aguba, Roxb. in E. I. C. 
 mus. t. 158. On the Ghauts. Maratha name " Poorwi." The 
 unripe fruit when fresh cut smells like cresses. 
 
 3. PEDUNCULOSA, Wall. Leaves roundish ovate, cordate at 
 the base, nearly sessile ; stipules thorny, hooked ; pedicles and calyx 
 glabrous ; umbels 2 to 5-flowered, sessile terminal ; fruit globose, 
 with several seeds. Vide Hook. Ic. 128. Mahableshwur, and 
 in the thickest jungles generally. 
 
 4. MURRAYANA, I. Grab. Cat. Bom. PL A diffuse prostrate 
 shrub, with short recurved orange-coloured thorns ; leaves small, 
 roundish ; flowers white, large and showy ; anthers purple ; berry 
 oblong, many-seeded. Wight Ic. 379. At Mahableshwur, and in 
 most nullas and rivers, but along the ghauts as far north as the Malsej. 
 
 5. FORMOSA, Dalz. in Hook. Jour. Bot. ii, p 41. Shrubby, 
 erect, unarmed ; leaves ovate or oblong, acute at both ends, or 
 lanceolate, younger ones covered with a stellate tomentum, easily 
 wiped off, older ones coriaceous glabrous, reticulately veined, shin- 
 ing, 5 inches long ; racemes corymbiform, few-flowered ; flowers 
 large, handsome, pale-blue, with a round yellow spot in the middle. 
 Chorla ghaut ; flowers in April. Syn. C. crerulea, Heyne. 
 
 6. TENER, Dalz. in loc. cit. Shrubby, branched, glabrous ; 
 stipules short, thorny, hooked ; leaves short-petioled ovate lanceo- 
 late, glabrous, membranaceous, transparent ; pedicles axillary, 
 solitary filiform, one-flowered, shorter than the leaf; flowers small. 
 On the Ghauts ; rare, leaves 2 inches long. 
 
 7. APHYLLA, Roxb. A large straggling much-branched shrub 
 or small tree ; leaves on the young shoots only, linear subulate ; 
 
 2c 
 
10 
 
 flowers red ; fruit globular, size of a small cherry. Common in 
 Guzerat and Deccan in waste places. 
 
 8. HORRIDA, Linn. Thorns hooked ; leaves elliptic oblong 
 and ovate, with u long mucro, younger ones only densely pubes- 
 cent ; pedicles supra-axillary in a vertical line ; flowers conspi- 
 cuous by their long purple filaments ; flowers in February. Syn. C. 
 terniflora, DC. Prod. I, p 274; C. qnadriflora, DC. Prod.\ C. zey- 
 lanica, Roxb. Fl Ind. 2, p 567. Very common in hedges. 
 
 9. SEPIARIA, Linn. Shrubby ; stipules thorny ; leaves roundish 
 ovate or broad-elliptical, corymbs many-flowered, sessile ; flowers 
 small, white ; fruit black, size of a pea ; very common. 
 
 10. C. STYLOSA, DC. Prod. 1, p 246. A shrub or small tree ; 
 stipules thorny, short, nearly straight ; leaves linear lanceolate, or 
 elliptic mucronate ; pedicles short, stout, axillary solitary, one- 
 flowered; flowers rather large, green; ovariimi smooth, oblong, 
 furrowed ; fruit size of a billiard-ball, scarlet, warted, with t> ridges. 
 Syn. C. divaricata, Wight. Ic. 8*9. Our plant agrees perfectly 
 with Wight's figure and with W. and A.'s description of Stylosa, 
 except in the globose ovary ascribed by them to Stylosa. Common 
 all over the Deccan. 
 
 11. C. GRANDIS, Linn. A small tree, covered all over with a 
 grey or fulvous tomentum ; stipules wart-like, or wanting ; leaves 
 rhomboid-ovate, sometimes smooth above ; corymbs terminal, many- 
 flowered, berry globose, 2-seeded, a little larger than a cherry. 
 Sparingly found in the Ghants and Deccan; flowers in May. 
 In the Forts of Sholapore and Mernj. Syn. We believe this 
 to be identical with C. bisperma, Roxb., a fact suspected by Rox- 
 burgh himself. Syn. C. racemifera, DC. Prod. 1, p 248; 
 C. maxima, Heyrie in Roth. nov. sp., p 237 ; DC. Prod. 1, p 248. 
 Native name " Puchownda." 
 
 XL FLACOURTIANE^E. 
 1. FLACOURTIA, Commerson. 
 
 1. RAMONTCIIT, L'Her. A tree; thorns few, naked; leaves 
 roundish ovate or oblong ; flowers dioecious ; stigmas 5 to 9. F 
 sapida, Roxb. Found wild on the Chorla ghaut; in fruit in April ; 
 racemes terminal. Wight Ic. t. 85. 
 
 2. CATAPHRACTA, Willd. A tree, trunk armed with large 
 multiple thorns ; berry size of a small plum, purple, with very hard 
 sharp-edged seed. Found in the Warree country on the' banks 
 of rivers. Native name " Juggum." 
 
 :^. MONTANA, I. Graham. A middle-sized tree with the trunk 
 jiimed, young shoots with axillary thorns; leaves ovate oblong 
 cienate ; fruit scarlet, of the size of a cherry, agreeable and 
 
11 
 
 slightly acid ; in perfection in March. Found at Virdee and the 
 ghaut districts generally. Native name " Attuck." 
 
 4. SEPIARIA, Roxb. Cor. t. 68. A thorny small tree common 
 in the Deccan, towards the Ghants ; leaves obovate ; fruit size 
 of a pea ; flowers in December. Native name " Tambat." 
 
 2. PHOBEROS, Lour. 
 
 1. CRENATUS, Wight, in Wight and Am. Prod. 1, 29. 
 Thorny ; leaves elliptic oblong lanceolate, acute at the base, with 
 glands obtusely serrated. On the Ghauts to the south of the 
 Ram Ghaut. 
 
 XII. PANGIACEJE. 
 
 1. HYDNOCARPUS, Gaert. 
 
 1. H. WIGHTIANA, Blume Rumph. iv, 22. A tree with elliptic 
 oblong acutely serrated leaves ; flowers axillary, subracemose ; 
 fruit large, woody, warted. Common in the South Concan. Syn. 
 H. inebrians, Wight and Arnott ; Wight Illust. i 38, L 16. 
 
 XIII. SAMYDACEJE. 
 1. CASEARIA, Jacq. 
 
 1 . ANAVINGA, Rheed.,Ovata, Willd. A tree ; leaves oblique and 
 subcordate at the base, ovate oblong, serrulate, downy underneath ; 
 fruit oblong, smooth and shining, larger than a nutmeg, and twice 
 as large as that of the following species. Found on Caranjah hill 
 and at Hajahpoor ; flowers in November. C. tomentosa, Roxb. 
 Appears to be the same species. Vide Flor Ind. ii, pp420 & 41 1. 
 
 2. GRAVEOLENS, Dalz. in Hook. Jour. Bot. iv, 107. Arboreous 
 glabrous ; leaves short-petioled broad elliptic, shortly acuminated, 
 slightly and obtusely serrated, coriaceous and hard when old ; 
 stipules lanceolate acuminated, glabrous ; flowers numerous, 
 clustered in the axils ; pedicles articulated above the base, 
 very short ; fruit oblong, almost round, smooth, shining, one inch 
 long; flowers green. On open hills in the South Concan ; flowers 
 in the rains ; odour disagreeable. 
 
 3. LAEVIGATA, Dalz. loc. cit. Shrubby, 4 feet high, glabrous; 
 leaves short-petioled oblong acuminated, obscurely serrated or 
 nearly entire, half folded, coriaceous, shining on both sides ; stipules 
 acuminated; flowers numerous, clustered in the axils; pedicles 
 articulated above the base ; bark on the young branches white, 
 highly polished. 
 
 4. RUBESCENS, Dalz. loc. cit. Shrubby, 4 to 6 feet high, all 
 glabrous; leaves petioled ovate oblong, quite entire, rounded at 
 the base, suddenly and obtusely acuminated, coriaceous, with the 
 
12 
 
 margins recurved ; younger leaves with the midrib bright red ; 
 stipules minute ruform, scale-like ; fruit oblong, glabrous, seated in 
 a ring. On the Ghauts to the south ; flowers in February. 
 
 XIV. VIOLACE^E. 
 1. IONIDIUM, Vent. 
 
 1. ENNEASPERMUM, Vent. A small suffrutescent plant, spread- 
 ing or half erect, with rather simple branches, and pink flowers and 
 narrow leaves. Syn. I. suffruticosum, Ging. ; I. heterophyllum, Vent. ; 
 I. Capensey, Burmanni, DC. Prod.] Viola 9 sperma, Linn; I. 
 frutescens, Ging. in DC. Prod. ; Viola suffruticosa, Linn. ; Roxb. 
 Fl Ind. i, 649; Roth. nov. sp. p 165 ; V. frutescens, Roth. loc. cit. 
 Common in the Southern Concan. 
 
 2. HEXASPERMUM, Dalz. in Hook Jour. Bot. iv, p 342. Half 
 a foot high ; stem simple, straight, pubescent ; leaves linear, at- 
 tenuated at both ends, glabrous, roughish, and remotely denticulate 
 on the margin ; stipules subulate ciliated ; lateral petals ovate oblong, 
 obtuse mucronate ; capsule 6-seeded ; leaves 20 to 22 lines long, 
 2 lines broad ; flowers deep orange red. Hills near Belgaum. 
 Syn. Viola erecta, Roth. nov. sp. p 165 ; lonidium erectum, 
 Ging. in DC. Prod. ], 311. 
 
 XV. DROSERACE^E. 
 1. DROSERA, Linn. 
 
 1. D. BURMANNI, Vahl. DC. Prod. 1, p 318. Stemless ; 
 leaves all radical obovate cuneate sessile, covered with gland- 
 bearing hairs ; scapes erect, 3 to 4 inches high ; flowers white. 
 Common in the South Concan ; flowers in the rains. 
 
 2. D. INDICA, Linn. Stem branched; leaves narrow linear 
 spathulate ; racemes and calyx puberulous. This and the preced- 
 ing are figured in Wight's lllust. t. 20. At Vingorla; common 
 in pastures in the rains. 
 
 XVI. POLYGALE^E. 
 
 1. POLYGALA, Linn. 
 
 1. ARVENSIS, Willd. Herbaceous, branched from the base, 
 procumbent, pubescent; leaves elliptic oblong or obovate petioled ; 
 racemes 4 to 8-flowered nearly opposite to the leaves, and half their 
 length ; flowers yellow ; capsule roundish oblique ciliated, not 
 margined. Guzerat and Deccan, at Surat; flowers in July and 
 
13 
 
 August. Syn. P. procumbens and Roth. nov. sp. p 329. Rheed. 
 Mai. ix, t. 61. 
 
 2. CAMPESTRIS, Dalz. in Hook. Jour, ii, p 40. Annual glau- 
 cous, 4 to 5 inches high ; stem erect, round pubescent, sparingly 
 branched below; leaves linear subsessile glabrous mucronulate, 
 margins recurved, lower flowers 1 to 2, solitary outside of the axils, 
 upper ones racemed numerous ; racemes above the axil or opposite 
 the leaf, and 3 to 4 times longer than the leaf, wings obliquely ovate 
 mucronulate, longer than the capsule ; capsule nearly round, 
 obliquely emarginate, ciliated on the margin ; flowers yellow. 
 
 3. ROTHIANA, W. and A. Stems herbaceous, branched from the 
 base, erect; leaves glabrous ciliated, narrow oblong, or linear 
 obtuse mucronulate ; racemes nearly capitate, 4 to 6-flowered ; 
 capsule glabrous ciliate margined. Island of Bombay. Syn. P. 
 procumbens, B. Roth. nov. sp. p 329 ; P. glaucoides, Willd. 
 sp. iii, p 896. 
 
 4. TRIFLORA, Linn. Stems nearly simple erect, with aroughish 
 pubescence; leaves glabrous linear mucronulate; racemes about 
 3-flowered axillary or above the axils, half the length of the leaf; 
 capsule oblong, scarcely margined, pubescent ciliated. Sholapore 
 districts. Law. Syn. P. linarifolia, Roth. nov. sp. p 330. Com- 
 mon in Sind. 
 
 5. ELONGATA ? Klein. Branched from the base, pubescent, 
 lateral branches procumbent ; leaves oblong linear, tapering down- 
 wards ; racemes above the axils, or opposite to the leaves, many- 
 flowered at length, elongated 2 to 4 times longer than the leaves ; 
 flowers purple, alac oval obtuse, greenish-yellow, veined with 
 purple ; capsule glabrous, neither ciliate nor margined. Coast of 
 Katty war ; in sandy soil. 
 
 6. P. VAHLIANA, DC. Branches few, long, divaricating, 
 younger ones pubescent terete ; leaves linear oblong mucronate, 
 very shortly petioled ; peduncles lateral or leaf-opposed, shorter 
 than the -leaf, 4 to 8-flowered; pedicles distant, drooping; alac 
 obovate or oval obtuse, pubescent, ciliated ; ovary silky ; fruit 
 oblong emarginate, ciliated and puberulous, not margined ; in 
 light soil. Guzerat ; flowers yellow, 
 
 7. P. PERSICARI^FOLIA, DC. Prod. Stem erect, bipid at the 
 apex ; leaves oblong, acuminated at both ends, paler beneath ; 
 racemes 10 to 15-flowered, rising from the divisions of the stem; 
 flowers of a beautiful rose-colour, wings obovate ; capsule obcordate, 
 ciliate, shorter than the wings. On the highest Ghauts east of 
 Bombay ; flowers in August. Syn. P. Wallichiana, Wight Illust. i. 
 p 49, t. 22. 
 
 2. SALOMONIA, Lour. 
 
 S. CORDATA, Arnott, in Wight. Illust. i, p 49, t. 22. A dimi- 
 
14 
 
 nutive plant 3 to 4 inches high, branched ; leaves small sessile 
 cordate, ovate, glabrous, ciliated on the margin ; spikes of small 
 red flowers, elongated ; capsules crested pectinate. Vingorla, 
 North Concan. Nimmo. 
 
 XVII. TAMARISCINE.E. 
 1. TRICHAURUS, Arnott. 
 
 I. T. ERICOIDES, Arnott in W. and A. Prod 1, p 40. A beau- 
 tiful shrub, with foliage like the tamarisk, and rather large heath- 
 like flowers. Common in the beds of the Concan and Deccan 
 rivers. Svn. Tamarix ericoides, Rottl. and Willd., Roth. nov. sp. 
 184. 
 
 XVIII. ELATINEJE. 
 
 1. BERGIA, Linn. 
 
 1. B. VERTICILLATA, Willd. DC. Prod. 1, 390. Glabrous ; 
 stem branched, rooting from the lower joints; leaves opposite lance- 
 olate, attenuated into a longish petiole, serrated towards the point ; 
 flowers densely capitate sessile axillary. Syn. Elatine verticillata, 
 W. and A. Prod. 41 ; E. luxurians, Delille ; B. aquatica, Roxb. Cor. 
 t. 142 ; B. Capensis, Linn. Margins of tanks. 
 
 2. B. AMMANNOIDES, Roxb. Fl ItxL ii, 457. Stems branched, 
 erect or ascending ; leaves oblong lanceolate acute, sharply ser- 
 rated ; flowers pedicelled several together in the axils of the leaves ; 
 stems usually rough, with short capitate hairs. Found with the 
 preceding. Wight in Hook. Bot. misc. supp. t. 28. 
 
 2. ELATINE, Linn. 
 
 1. E. ODORATA, Edgeworth in Hook. Jour. Bot. ii, p 283. 
 Pubescent ; stem branched, branches decumbent ; leaves oblong 
 elliptic sessile serrated; cymes axillary, few-flowered; flowers 
 pink, 5-divided, decandrous. Pretty common throughout Guzerat. 
 
 XIX. SESUVIACE.E. 
 1. TRIANTHEMA, Sauv. 
 
 1. T. CRYSTALLINA, Vahl., W. and A. Prod. 1, 355. Stems 
 diffuse prostrate, dotted with crystalline specks; leaves oval or 
 spathulate ; flowers several together, protruded from the sheath of 
 the leaves ; stamens 5 ; capsule 2-seeded. Dehgaum, near Cambay. 
 Syn. T. triquetra, Rottl. ; Papularia crystalline, Forsk. 
 
 2. T. OIJCORDATA, Roxb. Flor Tnd. ii, 445. Perennial; stems 
 
15 
 
 diffuse prostrate; leaves one of each pair larger, obovate or obcor- 
 date, the other smaller and oblong ; flowers solitary sessile, nearly 
 concealed within the broad sheath of the petiole ; stamens 15 to '20 ; 
 style simple ; capsule 6 to 8-seeded, lid concave, including 2 seeds ; 
 seeds black, muricated ; leaves often with red margins. A common 
 weed on rice-fields. 
 
 3. T. DECANDRA, Linn. Stems diffuse prostrate ; leaves ellip- 
 tic obtuse or acute petioled,one of each pair a little larger ; flowers 
 several, pedicelled on a short peduncle; stamens 10 to T2 ; style 
 bipartite; capsule 4-seeded. DC. Prod, iii, 352; Spr. sust. ii, 3-Sl ; 
 Roxb. Fl Irid. ii, 444; Syn. Zaleya decandra; Burm. Ind. t. 31 /. 3. 
 
 2. SESUVIUM, Linn. 
 
 1. PORTULACASTRUM, Rottl. A fleshy glabrous plant ; stems 
 prostrate, rooting at the joints ; leaves opposite, oval spathulate or 
 oblong linear; flowers axillary solitary pedicellate. A common 
 weed, generally near the sea. Roxb. Fl Ind. ii, 509. ; Syn. S. 
 repens. Rottl.; Willd,enum. 52 1; DC. Prod, iii, 453 ; Spr. st/st. ii, 504. 
 
 XX. PORTULACACE.E. 
 1. PORTULACA, Lournef. 
 
 1. P. OLERACEA, Linn. A low herbaceous fleshy plant, annual 
 diffuse ; leaves cuneiform, their axils and the joints naked ; 
 flowers sessile, petals 5; stamens 10 to 12; style 5 partite. DC. 
 Prod, iii, 353; Roxb. Fl Ind. ii, 463. The avdpax^ o f the Greeks, 
 used as a pot-herb, being cooling arid antiscorbutic. 
 
 2. P. QUADRIFIDA, Linn. Maut. p 678. Annual diffuse 
 creeping, joints and axils hairy ; leaves oblong, flat ; flowers termi- 
 nal, nearly sessile, yellow, surrounded by four leaves ; petals 4 ; 
 stamens 8 to 12; style 4-cleft at the apex. A common weed. DC. 
 Prod, iii, p 354 ; Roxb. Fl Ind. ii, 464 ; Syn. P. meridiana, Linn, 
 suppl. 248 ; Roxb. Fl Ind. ii, 463. 
 
 XXI. CARYOPHYLLACE.E. 
 1. ARENARIA, Linn. 
 
 1. A. NEILGHERRENSE, W. and A. Prod. 1, 43. Stems elonga- 
 ted, much-branched, procumbent ; leaves distant obovate-mucronu- 
 late glabrous, with minute whitish points, one-nerved, margins 
 thickened; flowers axillary or in terminal panicles; pedicles 
 viscidly pubescent, longish slender ; sepals oblong acute ; petals 
 longer than the calyx ; capsules ovate. Wight Ic. 940. Belgaum 
 and Dharwar collectorates. 
 
16 
 
 2. MOLLUGO, Linn. 
 
 1. M. PENTAPHYLLA, Linn. A weed, glabrous, stems de- 
 cumbent, leafy, angled ; leaves slightly glaucous obovate obtuse 
 mucronulate, tapering at the base; panicles elongated, many- 
 f owered ; stamens usually three ; seeds minutely tuberculated. 
 DC. Prod. 1, p 391 ; Roxb. Fl Ind. i 359; Syn. Pharnaceum 
 pentaphyllum ; Spr. syst. i, 949 ; M. triphylla, Linn. 
 
 '2. M. STRICTA, Linn. Glabrous ; stems straightish, angled ; 
 leaves linear lanceolate-pointed ; panicle elongated, many-flower- 
 ed ; stamens 3 ; petals none. DC. Prod. 1, 391. A common weed. 
 Syn. Pharnaceum strictum, Spr. syst. i, 949. 
 
 3. GLINUS, Linn. 
 
 1. G. LOTOIDES, Linn. A weed, hoary, with short stellate 
 tomentum; leaves obovate, flat fascicled, unequal; pedicles one- 
 flowered axillary ; petals 5, deeply cloven. Linn, sp., p 663 ; Syn. 
 G. dictamnoides, Lam. 
 
 XXII. PARONYCHIACEJE. 
 1. POLYCARPAEA, Lam. 
 
 1. P. CORYMBOSA, Lam. A rigidly erect plant, with few 
 branches ; leaves narrow linear or setaceous mucronate ; cymes 
 terminal, dichotomous ; sepals entirely scariose, lanceolate acumi- 
 nate, white shining, 2 to 3 times longer than the capsule. On the 
 sea-shore, Southern Concan and Guzerat; also in the Deccan. 
 Syn. Achyranthes corymbosa, Linn; Celosia corymbosa, Willd. 
 sp. i, 1200. 
 
 XXIII. LINE^E. 
 1. L1NUM, Linn. 
 
 MYSORENSE, Heyne, Benth. in Bot. Reg. 1326. A small plant, 
 glabrous, erect ; leaves small alternate oblong bluritish, tapering to 
 the base; flowers paniculately corymbose ; petals yellow, as long 
 as or longer than the calyx (in Bombay specimens) double the 
 length; capsule acutely mucronate. Island of Caranjah, Kandalla, 
 Deccan, &c.; flowers in September. " Native name Woondree." 
 
 2. REINWARDLIA, Dumort. 
 
 1. R. TRIGYNA, Planchon, in Hook. Jour. Bot. vii, p 522. 
 Shrubby, glabrous ; leaves elliptical, pointed at both ends, minutely 
 serrulated ; flowers large, yellow, peduncled, solitary ; capsule 
 
17 
 
 globular obtuse. Parr Ghaut, Bassein, Bombay ; planted, but 
 certainly wild on the Meera hills, near Penn. Bot. Mag. t. 1100. 
 Flowers in January. Syn. Linum trigynum, Roxb. Fl Ind. ii, 110. 
 
 XXIV. HUGONIACE^E. 
 
 1. HUGONIA, Linn. 
 
 1. H MYSTAX, Linn. A large much-branched shrub; leaves 
 oval, glabrous, quite entire ; peduncles axillary one-flowered, often 
 transformed into curious circinate spines ; flowers largish, yellow, 
 rather showy ; fruit a berry (enclosing 5 long carpels), size of a 
 large pea ; flowers and fruit in August ; rare, found only between 
 Malwan and Vingorla. DO. Prod. 1, 522; Rheed. Mai. ii, t. 29; 
 Syn. H obovata, Ham. Linn. Trans, xiv, 205 ; Wight Illust. t. 32. 
 
 XXV. MALVACEAE. 
 
 1. SIDA, Linn. 
 
 1. HUMILTS, Willd. Slender, diffuse ; leaves roundish, cordate, 
 acute, serrated; pedicles jointed above the middle, slender; axillary 
 solitary, shorter than the leaves ; carpels 5, not beaked, obtuse 
 or slightly bicuspidate. Common in sandy soil. DC. Prod. 1, 
 p. 463 ; Syn. S pilosa, Ratz. ; S multicaulis, Cav. 
 
 2. ALBA, Linn. Shrubby, branches with 1 to 2 prickly 
 tubercles below the leaves ; leaves ovate or obovate, or oblong 
 obtuse, hoary beneath ; pedicles solitary, as long as the petioles ; 
 carpels 5, birostrate. At Surat. Syn. S alba, DC. Prod. ; S spi- 
 nosa, Linn. 
 
 3. ACUTA, Burm. Shrubby ; leaves narrow lanceolate, acumi- 
 nate, glabrous, serrated ; pedicles axillary, solitary, not longer than 
 the stipules ; carpels 5 to 9, birostrate. Syn. S lanceolata, Hatz. ; S 
 stauntoniana, DC. ; S ocoparia, Lour. Bombay. 
 
 4. CORDIFOLIA, Linn. Shrubby; leaves cordate, obtuse or 
 scarcely acute, bluntly serrated, tomentose ; carpels 9 to 10, with 
 two setaceous downward pointing hairy beaks, as long as the 
 carpel. Syn. S herbacea, Cav. ; S rotundifolia, Cav. 
 
 5. RETUSA, Linn. Shrubby ; leaves obovate retuse, toothed 
 towards the apex ; carpels 7 to 10, birostrate. Very common ; all the 
 species have small yellow flowers. 
 
 2. ABUTILON, Dill. 
 
 1. POLYANDRUM, W. and A. Leaves roundish cordate, with a 
 sudden long acumination, distantly repand toothed, younger ones 
 3c 
 
18 
 
 velvetty ; carpels 5, not twice as long as the calyx. Syn. Sida poly- 
 andra, Roxb. On the Ghauts. S pusica, Burm. Ind. t. 47, /'. 1 ; 
 DC. Prod. 1,473. 
 
 2. INDICUM, G. Don. Leaves cordate, somewhat lobed, soft, 
 shortly tomentose, -unequally toothed ; capsule truncated, longer 
 than the calyx; carpels 11 to 20, acute, not awned, hairy. Common; 
 flowers entirely yellow, open in the evening. Syn. A asiaticum, G. 
 Don ; Sida indica, Linn ; S populifolia, Lam. ; S belocre, L'Her. ; 
 S eteromischos, Cav.; Sida asiatica, Linn ; A graveolens ? W. & A. 
 
 3. TOMENTOSUM, W. and A. Leaves cordate, tomentose on 
 both sides, toothed ; capsule globose, depressed or concave, very 
 tomentose ; carpels reniibrm. At Surat. Syn. Sida tomentosa, 
 Roxb. Hort., Bengal. All the species have yellow flowers. 
 
 4. A SIDOIDES, Dalz. Mss. Fruticose erect, with white bark; 
 leaves long-petioled, rounded cordate, acutely 3-lobed, coarsely 
 crenate, membranaceous, green on both sides, smooth, ciliolated 
 on the margin ; peduncles axillary, solitary, or rarely twin, bearing 
 twin pedicles articulated in the middle ; calyx half divided, divisions 
 suddenly acuminate; flowers very small, yellow; carpels with 
 glutinous pubescence, 5 to 7, bicuspidate, twice the length of the 
 calyx ; 3-seeded ; seeds dark-coloured, tubercled. Very rare ; found 
 only near Cambay. 
 
 3. URENA, Linn. 
 
 1. U LOBATA, Linn. Herbaceous ; leaves roundish, with three 
 or more short, sometimes obsolete, acute or obtuse lobes, more or 
 less velvetty; flowers rose-coloured. A common weed. DC. Prod. 
 1, p. 441, Rumph. Arab, vi, t. 25, /. 2,\. St. Hil. PL as. t. 56 ; 
 Bot. Mag. t. 3043. 
 
 2. U SCABRIUSCULA, DC. Prod. 1, p 441. Herbaceous ; leaves 
 roundish, scarcely lobed, harshly pubescent on both sides, 5 to 
 7-nerved, with 1 to 3 glands beneath, segments of involucal 
 5, linear acuminated ; flowers rose-coloured ; carpels pubescent, 
 echinated. Phoonda and Ram Ghauts ; not common. W. and A. 
 suspected this to be the same as the preceding, but they are very 
 distinct. 
 
 3. U SINUATA, Linn. Shrubby ; leaves deeply 3 to 5-lobed, 
 lobes dilated upwards, and the sinuses rounded ; flowers rose- 
 coloured and rather handsome. A common weed. Syn. U mori- 
 folia, DC. Prod. 1, p 441 ; U muricata, DC. loc. cit.; U lappago, 
 Smith in DC. loc. cit.; U heterophylla ; Smith in DC. Prod. I, 442. 
 
 4. THESPESIA, Correa. 
 
 1. T POPULNEA. Arboreous; leaves roundish, cordate acumi- 
 nate, entire, smooth; flowers large, yellow, with a purple base; 
 
19 
 
 capsule spherical, depressed, coriaceous, indehiscent. The com- 
 mon Bendy tree. Syn. Hibiscus populneus, Linn. ; Malvaviscus 
 populneus, Gaertn, t. 135. The wood is fine-grained and tough; 
 makes good gun-stocks, wheels, and boat timbers. 
 
 2. T LAMPAS, Dalz. Mss. Shrubby; leaves cordate 3-lobed, 
 sub-glabrous, lobes spreading, acuminate; peduncles axillary, three- 
 flowered ; calyx truncated with five minute teeth ; flower as in the 
 preceding ; capsule ovoid indehiscent. Common in the Concan and 
 Ghauts ; 3 to 4 feet high. Syn. Hibiscus lampas, Cav. ; Paritium 
 gangeticum, G.Don; Wight's Ic. without number. Native name 
 Ran Bendy." 
 
 5. PARITIUM, Adr. Juss. 
 
 I. P TITIACEUM, Adr. Juss. in. St. Hil. Flor Bras. 1, 198. A 
 tree ; leaves roundish cordate, with a sudden acumination, crenula- 
 ted or entire, underside hoary ; flowers like the Bendy, involurel 
 10-lobed; capsule 5-celled 5-valved. At Rutnagherry and banks 
 of the Tericol river, Warree country. Syn. Hibiscus tiliacens, 
 Linn. ; Wight Ic. t. 7. 
 
 6. ABELMOSCHUS, Med. 
 
 1 . A TETRAPHYLLUS, Graham in Cat. Bomb. PI, p 1 4. A large, 
 annual erect hairy plant ; leaves long-petioled, palmate, variously 
 lobed and toothed ; flowers yellow, with a dark-purple bottom ; 
 involucel 4-leaved ; capsule hairy. Island of Caranjah and the 
 Meera hills ; abundant. Syn. Hibiscus tetraphyllus, Roxb. Fi 
 Ind. iii, p 21 1. 
 
 2. A WARREENSIS, Dalz. in Hook. Jour. Bot. iii, p. 123. 
 Stem rough, with erect bristles ; leaves broadly cordate acuminate, 
 coarsely crenate, sprinkled with stiff hairs on both sides ; involucre 
 as in the preceding, but not falling off as in that species ; flowers 
 fascicled terminal, or on short axillary branches. In the Warree 
 country ; flowers and fruit in January. 
 
 7. HIBISCUS, Linn. 
 
 1. H FURCATUS, Roxb. Climbing, all rough with numerous 
 recurved prickles ; stipules oblong or lanceolate ; leaves palmately 
 3 to 5-lobed, densely pubescent beneath, nerves beneath prickly ; 
 leaves of involucel about 10, linear incurved, with an oblong foliaceous 
 appendage at their back about the middle. DC. Prod. 1, 449. 
 Common on the Ghauts. 
 
 2. VESICARIUS, Cav. Annual, with hairy stems, 5-cleft leaves, 
 and inflated membranaceous calyx. Common during the rains, 
 chiefly on black soils. Syn. H triomixn ? 
 
20 
 
 3. SURATTENSIS, Linn. Herbaceous, erect, covered with small 
 recurved prickles; stipules semicordate ; flowers pale-yellow. 
 Malabar Hill. 
 
 4. PANDURIFORMIS. Herbaceous, 6 to 8 feet high, stem covered 
 with rigid-spreading hairs ; leaves cordate, unequally toothed, 
 upper side hispidly tomentose, under with a soft dense tomentum ; 
 pedicles axillary, very short, one-flowered ; involucel leaves 8, 
 spathulate; capsule ovoid-pointed, very hairy. At Surat. Syn. 
 H tubulosus, Cav. ; H pilosus, Roxb. in E. I. C. IVIus. t. 672; 
 H. velutinus ? DC. Prod. 
 
 5. CANNABINUS, Linn. Stem glabrous, prickly ; leaves pal- 
 mately 5-partite, glabrous ; segments lanceolate acuminated ser- 
 rated ; fruit nearly globose, acuminated, very hairy. The common 
 "Ambaree" cultivated for the flax, which its bark yields; the 
 leaves are also eaten as a pot-herb. 
 
 6. VITIFOLIUS, Linn. Leaves roundish cordate, toothed or 
 crenated, with 5 lobes or angles, upper side nearly smooth or 
 tomentose, under softly tomentose ; leaves of involucel 12, subulate ; 
 carpels hairy, compressed at the back into a short wing. At Mai- 
 wan. Syn. H obtusifolius, Willd. ; H truncatus, Roxb. Hort., Beng. 
 
 7. H PUNCTATUS, Dalz. Suffruticose 3 to 4 feet high, scarcely 
 branched; leaves unequally 3-lobate (middle lobe very long), 
 crenate dentate, with pellucid dots ; pedicles solitary axillary, longer 
 than the petiole; flowers pale rose-coloured, very small; calyx half 
 divided, divisions acuminate, all the younger parts glutinous and 
 pubescent ; capsule ovoid apiculate, scarcely longer than the calyx ; 
 seeds black, muricated. Broach Collectorate ; rare. 
 
 8. ScANDENS,Dalz. Mss. Stems long, subscandent,unbranched 
 slender; leaves palmately 7-lobed, lobes narrow acute, dentate, 
 glabrous ; flowers axillary, solitary, small, one inch, pale-yellow 
 with a purple bottom. Coast of Kattywar. 
 
 9. HIRTUS, Linn. Shrubby; leaves ovate acuminate or cor- 
 date, strongly serrated ; pedicles axillary, longer than the leaf; in- 
 volucel leaves 5 to 7, subulate, hairy, shorter than the calyx ; flowers 
 rather small, white, Common in the North Concan. Syn. H. 
 phoenicens in Wilid. ; H rosa malabarica, Kcenig. 
 
 10. H MICRANTHUS, Linn. Shrubby, rigidly erect; leaves 
 ovate or roundish, acutely serrated, rough with bristly hairs ; pedi- 
 cles longer than the leaf ; involucel leaves 7, setaceous; flowers 
 small, seeds covered with long white, silky hairs. In the Deccan, 
 Kattywar, and the Kaira district, in hedges. Syn. H. rigidus, Linn. 
 
 11. H HEPTAPHYLLUS, Dalz. and Gibs. Herbaceous, erect, 
 4 to 5 feet high, covered over with scattered prickly hairs ; leaves 
 on longish petioles, palmately 5 to 7-divided ; leaflets lanceolate 
 serrate, attenuated at both ends ; pedicles axillary solitary, as long 
 
21 
 
 as or longer than the leaf ; involucel leaves about 9, linear subulate, 
 spreading bristly, rather longer than the acuminate calyx leaves ; 
 flowers large yellow, showy, with a purple bottom ; capsules ovoid- 
 pointed, covered with spreading bristles. Mountain valleys, eastern 
 side of the Northern Ghauts. 
 
 8. LAGUNEA, Cav. 
 
 1. L LOB ATA, Willd. Herbaceous, lower leaves cordate, upper 
 palmate, uppermost tripid or lanceolate ; pedicles arranged in 
 a terminal lax, leafless raceme. Near Belgaum. Syri. Lolandra 
 lobata, Murray ; Triguera acerifolia, Cav. ; Hibiscus solandra, 
 L'Her. ; Sida diversifolia, Spr. syst. iii, 116. 
 
 9. PAVONIA, Cav. 
 
 1. P ZEYLANICA, Cav. Lower leaves roundish cordate cre- 
 nated, upper deeply 3 to 5-lobed, coarsely toothed ; pedicles axillary 
 1-flowered; leaves of involucel 10, ciliated; carpels unarmed. 
 Near Gogo. Syn. Hibiscus zeylanicus, Linn. 
 
 10. DECASCHISTIA, W. and A. 
 
 1 . D. TR i LOBATA. Wight Ic. 88. Herbaceous tomentose ; leaves 
 deeply 3-lobed, lobes narrow minutely dentate serrate on the 
 margin ; stipules subulate, longer than the petioles ; capsules 
 10-valved ; flowers in October. Common on the Ram Ghaut, also 
 the Koombarli Ghaut. 
 
 11. MALVA, Linn. 
 
 1. M ROTUNDIFOLIA, Linn. Stems herbaceous, spreading; 
 leaves cordate roundish, shortly and obtusely lobed, crenated, 
 petioles elongated ; pedicles several together, unequal ; axillary 
 one-flowered; flowers small, white or pale-pink ; carpels wrinkled 
 and reticulated on the back. Common about the Deccan villages. 
 
 12. GOSSYPIUM. 
 
 1. G OBTUBIFOLIUM, Roxb. Fl Ind. iii, p 183. Shrubby, 
 branched, diffuse, straggling ; leaves small with 3, rarely 5, obtuse 
 ovate entire lobes ; stipules falcate ; exterior calyx with entire 
 divisions ; capsules ovate, cells 3-seeded, cotton on the seeds of a 
 dirty greenish, grey colour. Drier parts of the Deccan ; not com- 
 mon. Roxburgh says that it is a native of Ceylon, but this 
 must be a mistake, as it is not in Thwaites' list. This is with good 
 reason supposed to be the parent of the common cultivated cotton, 
 and is found all over the limestone rocks of the Sind coast. 
 
22 
 
 XXVI. STERCULIACE^E. 
 1. SALMALIA, Schott. & Endl. 
 
 1. MALABARICA. A large tree, trunk prickly ; leaves palmate ; 
 leaflets 5 to 7, acuminated at both ends ; flowers large bright red, 
 appearing in February, when the tree is without leaves ; fruit oblong- 
 obtuse, full of silky cotton. Very common. Syn. Bornbax mala- 
 baricum, DC.; B heptaphyllum, Cav. ; Roxb. Hort. Beng., Cor. t. 
 247 ; B ceiba, Burm. Fl Ind. ; Gossampinus rubra, Ham. in Linn. 
 Trans. Rheede Mai. iii, t. 52. The bark is said to be emetic, 
 and the honey of the flowers purgative and emetic ; but this is 
 denied by Mr. O'Shaughnessy and others. 
 
 2. ERIODENDRON, DC.; GOSSYMPIUM, Schott. & Endl. 
 
 1. ANFRACTUOSUM, DC. A tree something like the preceding, 
 with prickly trunk and palmate leaves; flowers drooping, of a dingy 
 white; fruit like Salmalia. Syn. Bombax pentandrum, Linn.; 
 Roxb. Fl Ind. iii, 165; Ceiba, Gaertn. t. 133; Gossampium, 
 Rumph. Arab. t. 80 ; Gossampinus alba. Ham. loc. cit. Grows in 
 Khandeish. Native name " Shameula." 
 
 NOTE. The glutinous sap is applied to parts effected by rheumatism, and the 
 cottony seeds are used as a soporific pillow in the Philippines (Adams). 
 
 3. HELICTERES, Linn. 
 
 1 . ISORA, Linn. A shrub, with roundish toothed and acuminate 
 leaves, and bright red flowers ; carpels 5-twisted, like a screw. 
 Common in the hilly parts of the Concan and Deccan. Syn. II 
 -Roxburghii, Don. in Mill. Diet. Native names " Kewun" 
 and " Muradsing"; the fruit is used by the natives medicinally, 
 but its qualities are fanciful, though safe. 
 
 4. HERITIERA, Art. 
 
 1 . LITTORALIS DRYANDER, in Ait. Hort , Kew., iii, 546. A tree 
 with alternate oval entire leaves, and axillary panicles of small red 
 flowers; said in Grah. Cat., fide Nimmo, to grow in the S. Concan, 
 but we have failed to find it. Syn. Balanopteris tothila, Gaertn. 
 fr. t. 99 ; Rheede Mai. vi, t. 21 ; Rumph. Amb. iii, t. 63. 
 
 5. STERCULIA, Linn. 
 
 1. VILLOSA, Roxb. Fl Ind. iii, 153. A tree; leaves palmately 
 5 to 7-lobed ; lobes acuminated tomentose and velvetty beneath ; 
 
23 
 
 racemes of flowers yellow, very long pendulous ; aestivation of 
 calyx in duplicate; carpels rough, with stellate pubescence ; flowers 
 in December. South Concan, Vingorla, Canara. Ropes and bags 
 are made from the bark of this tree in Goa and Canara. 
 
 2. GUTTATA, Roxb. Leaves broadly ovate and oblong, entire ; 
 flowers in simple axillary terminal racemes, velvetty yellow, 
 spotted with purple; carpels large, of a reddish colour; seeds large, 
 eatable. Roxb. Fl Ind. iii, 148 ; Wight Ic. t. 487 ; flowers in threes, 
 subsessile; calyx tomentose outside, villous within. Common on 
 the Ghauts. Cloth is manufactured from this tree in Malabar. 
 Native names " Kookur," " Goldar." 
 
 3. COLORATA, Roxb. Cor. i, 28, t. 25. Leaves palmately 
 5-lobed, glabrous ; calyces cylindrical clavate, bright orange red, 
 velvetty ; carpels oblong glabrous, opening long before the seeds 
 are ripe a very rare peculiarity. Common on the Ghauts and jun- 
 gles in the Deccan; flowers in March and April, when the young 
 leaves make their appearance. Roxb. Cor. / 25. This is called 
 now " Firmiana cciorata," ex. Walp. Sect, erythropsis, Lindley. 
 Native name " Khowsey" or " Bhaeekoee." Hook. Ic. PI, t. 148; 
 Firmiana (Marsili Aet. Patav. 1, 116, t. 1 and 2) ; Erythropsis 
 Roxburghiana. Schott. and Endl. Meletem Bot. 33. 
 
 4. URENS, Roxb. A large tree ; leaves 5-lobed, soft and vel- 
 vetty beneath ; panicles terminal, short ; carpels covered with bristly 
 hairs which sting like those of the Cowitch (Mucuna); bark of 
 the trunk white ; the seeds are said to be cathartic, but has been 
 used as coffee ; flowers in December. Common in the Concan. 
 This tree exudes a white gum like tragacanth. 
 
 XXVII. BYTTNERIACE^E. 
 1. BYTTNERIA, LcefL, Linn. 
 
 1 . HERBACEA, Roxb. A small plant with polymorphous serrate 
 downy leaves, and red and yellow flowers from the axils of the 
 leaves. Roxb. Cor. i, t. 29; Fl Ind. i, 619; Syn. Commersonia 
 herbacea, Don. Pretty common about Bombay in the rains. 
 
 2. KLEINHOVIA, Linn. 
 
 1. HOSPITA, Linn. A small tree with broad cordate leaves and 
 small pink flowers in terminal panicles; capsule turbinate inflated. 
 S. Concan, Nimmo; Rumph. Amb. iii, t. 1 13. A doubtful native. 
 
 3. WALTHERIA, Linn. 
 
 1 . INDICA, Linn. Herbaceous plant, with oblong softly tomen- 
 tose leaves ; head of flowers terminal and axillary sessile or peduncu- 
 lated ; flowers small, yellow. A very variable plant, hence burdened 
 
with synonyms. Syn. W. americana, Linn ; W. elliptica, Cav. ; 
 W. microphylla, Cav. At Raree, in South Concan ; at Dorout. 
 Guill. and Perr. tent. Fl Senegambia i, 84. 
 
 4. RIEDLEIA, Vent. 
 
 1. CORCHORIFOLIA, DC. A common herbaceous plant, with 
 cordate ovate serrated leaves ; flowers pink, in short dense spikes, 
 which are terminal. Syn. Melochia corchorifolia, Rox. Fl Ind. iii, 1 39. 
 
 2. TILIAEFOLIA. A small tree with long-petioled subcordate 
 serrate leaves, young ones soft nnd velvetty ; flowers small, pink, in 
 axillary and terminal corymbiform panicles. Bassein, Kandalla, 
 Belgaum. Native name " Methooree." 
 
 5. PTEROSPERMUM, Schreb. 
 
 1. SUBERIFOLIUM, Lam. Illust. Gen. t. 576, f. 1. A tree with 
 cuneate oblong leaves shortly acuminated, obliquely cordate at the 
 base, densely pubescent beneath; peduncles axillary, three-flowered; 
 flowers very fragrant, 1 4 inch across; involucel leaves linear, entire. 
 The Concans. Reich. Fl Exoti. t. 166. Wight in Hook. Bot. 
 misc. t. 26; P. canescens, Roxb. Hort. Beng., 50; Pentapeter 
 suberifolia, Linn. " Muchucuda" 
 
 2. LAWIANUM, Nimmo in Grah. Cat. Leaves 3-lobed cordate 
 acuminate subpeltate, tomentose, involucel palmatifid. Dharvvar, 
 and the Southern Ghauts. Whole plant of a pale, tawny colour. 
 
 6. KYDIA, Roxb. 
 
 1. CALYCINA, Roxb. A middle-sized tree with broad cordate 
 angled leaves, and white flowers in terminal panicles. They ap- 
 pear in October and November; capsule hid in the calyx, size of a 
 pea. Roxb. Cor. t. 215; Syn. K fraterna, Roxb. Common on 
 the Ghauts. Native name " Waning." 
 
 7. ERIOLAENA, DC. 
 
 1. CANDOLLII, Wall. PL as. rarior. i 57, t. 64. Leaves ovate 
 cordate, toothed, white beneath ; flowers yellow, showy ; capsule 
 woody, cone-shaped, much pointed. Certainly the same as the 
 Pegu plant. Ram Ghaut ; common. 
 
 XXVIII. SILIACE^E. 
 
 1. CORCHORUS, Linn. 
 
 1. FASCICULARIS, Linn. Leaves oblong or lanceolate serrated ; 
 peduncles 3 to 5-flowered, opposite to the leaves ; capsules linear 
 oblong, nearly terete, rostrate, 3-celled. At Surat. 
 
25 
 
 2. TRILOCULARIS, Linn. Leaves oblong, more or less obtuse; 
 peduncles 1 to 2-flowered ; capsules 3 to 4-angled, slender, rostrate, 
 and entire at the point. Sholapore districts, Law ; Guzerat, Dalz. 
 
 3. OLITORIUS, Linn. Leaves ovate, acuminated ; capsules nearly 
 cylindrical, 10-ribbed, glabrous, rostrate, 5-celled. Common. Syn. 
 C decemangularis, Roxb. Fl Ind. ii, p 582. 
 
 4. ACUTANGULUS, Lam. Leaves ovate; capsules prismatical, 
 6-angled, with 2 to 3 of the angles winged, truncate, with tifid 
 horns. A common weed. Syn. C fuscus, Roxb. Fl Ind. ii, 
 p 582 ; C aestuas, Gaertn. t. 64 ; Pluk. t. 44, fig i. 
 
 5. CAPSULARIS. Leaves oblong acuminated ; capsules globose 
 truncated, wrinkled, and muricated, 5-celled. This species furnishes 
 the fibre called Jute, from which gunny-bags are made. Wight 
 Ic. PI i, t. 31 i. It grows to a much larger size in Bengal. 
 
 6. C HUMILIS, Munro. Wight Ic. 1,073. Shrubby, prostrate, 
 lying flat on the ground ; leaves small, long-petioled, ovate crenate, 
 peduncles two-flowered ; capsules linear oblong, 6 to 8 times longer 
 than broad, nearly glabrous, 4 to 5-celled, 4 to 5-valved. Munro 
 hortus agrensis, p 35. Kattywar, Guzerat, and the Deccan; a 
 member of the desert flora. Syn. Antichorus depressus, Linn. 
 
 2. TRUMPHETTA, Plum. 
 
 1. PILOSA, Roth. Herbaceous plant, rough, hairy, upper 
 leaves ovate acuminate, lower somewhat 3-lobed, all unequally 
 serrated, hairy, underside tomentose ; fruit 4-celled, size of a small 
 cherry, hairy or rather prickly, prickles ciliated below. On a hill 
 at Warree ; rather rare. Roth. nov. sp. 223. 
 
 2. ANGULATA, Lam. Uppermost leaves ovate acuminate, lower 
 cuspidately 3 to 5-lobed, serrated ; fruit pubescent, prickles glabrous. 
 Very common everywhere. Syn. T bartramia, Linn. ; Roxb. Fl 
 Ind. ii, p 463 ; Lappago amboinica, Rumph. Amb. vi, t 25, fig 2. 
 
 3. ROTUNDIFOLTA, Lam. Leaves roundish unequally and deep- 
 ly toothed, upperside glabrous, under tomentose ; peduncles in an 
 interrupted raceme; fruit small, densely pubescent. At Surat, 
 Deccan. Syn. T. suborbiculata, DC. Prod. 1, p 506; Spr. syst. 
 ii, p 451. 
 
 3. GREWIA, Juss. 
 
 
 
 1. G VILLOSA, Herb. Miss. Leaves 5-nerved, roundish cor- 
 date wrinkled, toothed, upperside rough, under covered with short 
 tomentum, young parts and inflorescence very villous; flowers 
 rather small, white ; drupes globose and hairy, crustaceous, having 
 a sweet edible pulp within. Syn. G rotundifolia, Don in Mill. Diet. 
 Sparingly over the Deccan, extending to Sind and Senegambia ; 
 supposed to be the same as G corylifolia of Guill. and Perr. 
 4 c 
 
29 
 
 2. G Pi LOS A, Lam. Shrubby ; leaves 3-nerved, on very short 
 petioles, cuneate or obovate oblong, rounded or slightly cordate at 
 the base, unequally serrated, rough with stellate hairs; peduncles 
 axillary, 1 to 3, as long as the petiole, 3-flowered ; flowers yellow, 
 largish ; drupes 1 to 4-lobed, crustaceous covered with stellate 
 hairs. The Deccan ; flowers in July. Syn. G carpinifolia, Roxb. 
 Fl Ind. ii,587. 
 
 3. GABUTILIFOLIA, Juss. Arborescent; leaves 3-nerved, round- 
 ish cordate, irregularly and coarsely toothed, upperside rough, under 
 harshly tomentose ; peduncles several together, axillary, about 
 half as long as the petiole, 3 to 4-flowered ; sepals oblong, about 
 thrice the length of the oblong entire petals ; drupes 4-lobed, 
 pubescent and hairy ; nuts four or less, 1 to 2-celled. Juss. in 
 Ann. Mus. 4, p 92; G aspera, Roxb. Fl Ind. ii, p 590. The 
 Deccan ; flowers in June ; fruit in August. 
 
 4. G TILIAEFOLIA, Vahl. Leaves 5-nerved, roundish cordate, 
 bluntly toothed ; stipules auricled on one side ; drupes 2-lobed, 
 smooth and shining. Common in Bombay. Syn. G arborea, 
 Roth. nov. sp. p 247. 
 
 5. G ASIATICA, Linn. Arborescent; leaves 5-nerved, roundish 
 cordate, obtuse or acutish, sometimes unequal at the base, un- 
 equally serrated, upperside at length nearly glabrous, under gla- 
 brous, pubescent or hoary ; stipules lanceolate subulate ; peduncles 
 axillary, 2 to 4, twice or thrice as long as the petiole, 3-flowered ; 
 flowers yellow ; drupes globose, with 1 to 2 one-celled nuts. This 
 is the common cultivated Phulsi, but which we have found truly 
 wild in the Poona Collectorate. 
 
 6. G ORIENTALIS, Linn. A scandent shrub ; leaves 3-nerved, 
 ovate or oblong lanceolate, shortly and bluntly acuminated, nearly 
 quite glabrous ; peduncles axillary, solitary, three-flowered ; drupes 
 nearly globose, slightly 4-lobed, covered with a short tomentum. 
 On the Southern Ghauts. Syn. G rharnni folia, Roth. nov. sp. 
 p244. 
 
 7. G CpLUMNAius, Sm. Leaves 3-nerved, ovate, oblong or 
 lanceolate, rigid crenated, scabrous on both sides ; drupes turbi- 
 nate, bristly hairy ; flowers white. Syn. G pilosa, Lam. Encycl. ; 
 G orientalis, Vahl., Symb. Pluk. t. 50, /. 4; Wight. Ic. t. 44. 
 
 8. G MICROCOS, Linn. Leaves ovate or obovate lanceolate, 
 glabrous ; flowers terminal panicled, very different in inflorescence 
 from all the rest. Common in the hilly parts of the Concan. G 
 ulimfolia, Roxb. Fl Ind. ii, p 591 ; Microcos paniculata, Linn ; 
 Rheed. Mai. i, t. 56. Native name " Sheerul." 
 
 9. G. POLYGAMA, Roxb. Fl Ind. ii, 588. Shrubby ; leaves 
 lanceolate serrate hairy ; peduncles axillary, longer than the 
 petioles, 2 to 6-flowered ; drupes 2, each 2-lobed, with a solitary 
 
27 
 
 one-celled one-seeded nut in each ; flowers white, polygamous. 
 The Ghauts ; common. Native name " Gowlee." This is the 
 G lancaefolia of Graham's Catalogue. 
 
 4. ERINOCARPUS, Nimmo. 
 
 1. E NIIVTMONII, I. Grah. in Cat. Bomb. PI, p 21. A small 
 tree ; leaves on long petioles, roundish cordate, strongly nerved 
 beneath ; flowers rather large, yellow, in terminal panicles, appear 
 in September and October; fruit triangular, bristly, angles winged. 
 Common on the Concan hills ; allied to Clappertonia of Meisner. 
 Native name " Chowra" or "Jungle Bendy"; bark jused for 
 making ropes. 
 
 XXIX. ELAEOCARPE^E. 
 
 1. ELAEOCARPUS, Linn. 
 
 1. OBLONGUS, Gaertn. A small tree; leaves elliptic oblong- 
 pointed, with blunt serratures ; racemes simple, short ; nut oblong, 
 very hard, indehiscent; prominently tubercled ; petals white, beauti- 
 fully fringed. Rare ; on the higher Ghauts to the south, Syn. 
 
 2. GANITRUS, Roxb. Fl Ind. ii, p 592. Leaves lanceolate 
 serrulate, glabrous ; racemes simple, drooping ; drupe spherical, 
 smooth, purple ; nut 5-grooved, and elegantly tubercled. These 
 are generally imported from Singapore for necklaces for faqueers. 
 On the higher Ghauts. Syn. Ganitrus sphaerica, Gaertn. t. 139. 
 JVlaratha name " Roodraksh." 
 
 2. MONOCERA, Jack. 
 
 1. TUBERCULATA, W. and A. Leaves petioled cuneate ohovate 
 retuse at the base, remotely serrulated ; racemes simple, solitary ; 
 drupe oval; nut compressed, tubercled on the flattened sides, 
 with a thickened margin. Ram Ghaut. Syn. E tuberculatus, 
 Roxb. Flor. Ind. ii, p 594. 
 
 XXX. OLACACE^E. 
 1. OLAX, Linn. 
 
 1. O WIGHTIANA, Wall. A scandent shrub, with ovate or 
 oblong smooth leaves, upperside shining, under pale ; racemes 
 axillary, usually compound ; flowers white, appear in February ; 
 fruit smooth, oblong, more than half covered by the closely 
 adherent calyx. 
 
28 
 
 2. BURSINOPETALUM, Wight. 
 
 1. B ARBOREUM, Wight Ic. 956. A large tree ; leaves ovate- 
 oblong acuminated ; flowers terminal, small ; calyx conical, adhering 
 to the ovary ; petals 5, ovate-pointed, leathery ; fruit drupaceous, of 
 the size of a small plum, ovoid. Par war Ghaut ; not common ; 
 flowers in April and May. Thwaites refers this to Araliaceae. 
 
 3. MAPPIA, Jacq. 
 
 1. M OBLONGA, Miers in Taylor's Ann. of Nat. Hist, x, p40. 
 A middle-sized tree ; leaves elliptic oblong acuminated, venous ; 
 flowers terminal, cymose panicled, of a yellowish white, very foetid; 
 drupe succulent, olive-shaped, purple when ripe. The Ghauts 
 opposite Goa ; common. Closely allied to the Stemonurus fcetidus 
 of Wight's Ic. 955, if really distinct. 
 
 4. PLATEA, Blume. 
 
 1. AXILLARIS, Thwaites Enum. p 44. Dioecious glabrous; 
 leaves shortly petioled, acuminate, membranaceous ; cymes axillary, 
 solitary or twin, as long as the petiole, male few-flowered, female 
 2 to 5-flowered ; calyx minutely 4 to 5-toothed ; petals 4 to 5, 
 united at the base into a tubular corolla ; fruit ovoid. Chorla and 
 Parwar Ghauts. Syn. Gomphandra polymorpha, Wight. Illust. i, 
 103 ; Stemonurus axillaris, Miers in Ann. of Nat. Hist. vol. x, p 41 . 
 
 XXXI. AURANTIACE^E. 
 1. ATALANTIA, Con. 
 
 1. MONOPHYLLA, DC. Prod. 1, 535. A large climbing shrub 
 armed with small thorns ; leaves ovate or oblong ; racemes short, 
 sessile, pedicles long, slender; flowers white, appear in November, 
 fruit size of a nutmeg, very much like a lime. On the Ghauts ; 
 common. Native name " Ran" or " Makur limboo" Syn. Limonia 
 monophylla, Linn. Roxb. Cor. i, t. 82 ; Fl Ind. ii, 378 ; Trichilia 
 spinosa, Willd. ii, 554; DC. Prod. 1, 623 ; Rheede Mai. iv, t. 12. 
 
 2. LIMONIA, Linn. 
 
 1. OLIGANDRA, Dalz. in Hook. Jour. Bot. ii, 25, 8. Shrubby, 
 climbing, thorny, thorns numerous, short recurved ; leaves petioled, 
 trifoliolate ; leaflets elliptic, obtusely acuminated, slightly crenated ; 
 flowers axillary, racemes panicled, about as long as the leaf; petals 
 5, linear oblong; stamens 5, filaments free; fruit size of a pea, 
 5-celled ; flowers in November and December. 'Ram Ghaut. 
 
29 
 
 2. ACIBISSIMA, Linn. A shrub, spines solitary ; leaves pinnate, 
 leaflets 2 to 3 pair ; leaflets oblong retuse crenated ; petioles 
 broadly winged ; flowers corymbose, corymb umbelliforrn pedun- 
 cled, 2 to 3 together from the axils of the fallen leaves ; fruit 1 to 
 4-celled, globose ; flowers in April and May. Padshapore, Falls 
 of Gokak, Mr. Law. 
 
 3. GLYCOSMIS, Corr. 
 
 1 . PENTAPHYLLA, DC. An erect growing shrub; leaves pinnate, 
 leaflets 3 to 5, oblong ; panicles contracted ; flowers small, white ; 
 fruit size of a pea, whitish, when ripe, pulpy. G chylocarpa of 
 W. and A. Prod, p 93. Appears to be the same species ; at least, 
 it is certain there is but one species in this Presidency. Native 
 name " Kirmira." Very common in the jungly parts of the Concan. 
 Syn. Limonia 5-phylla, Retz. Roxb. Fl Ind. ii, 381, Cor. PI t, 84. 
 
 4. SCLEROSTYLIS, Bl. 
 
 1. ATALANTIOIDES, W. and A. A shrub armed with solitary 
 strong spines ; leaves simple, elliptic emarginate, shining, crenu- 
 lated; racemes small, few-flowered, axillary and terminal; fruit 
 small, oval, succulent, 2-celled. On the hill-fort of Raighur. 
 Syn. Limonia bilocularis, Roxb. Fl Ind. ii, 377. 
 
 5. BERGERA, Krenig. 
 
 1 . KCENIGII, Linn. A small tree ; leaves pinnate ; leaflets 
 small, alternate ovate acuminated serrated pubescent ; panicles 
 corymbiform, terminal, many-flowered ; flowers in February. 
 On the Ghauts ; common. DC. Prod. J, 537 ; Roxb. Cor. t. 1 12; 
 Murraya Kcenigii, Spr. syst. 
 
 6. PIPTOSTYLIS, Dalz. 
 
 1 . INDICA, Dalz. in Hook. Jour. Bot. iii, p. 33, PI ii. Shrubby, 
 6 to 7 feet high, unarmed ; leaves unequally pinnate ; leaflets 
 alternate, subcoriaceous glabrous, ovate, obtusely acuminate, 
 shining ; panicles terminal corymbiform, as long as the leaf ; flower 
 small, white ; berry small, 1 to 2-celled by abortion ; cells one- 
 seeded. Parwar Ghaut ; flowers in March. 
 
 7. MURRAYA, Kcenig. 
 
 1. PANICULATA, Herb. Sm. An evergreen shrub or small tree, 
 leaflets 5, elliptic ovate, tapering, acute at the base ; peduncles 
 
30 
 
 terminal, few-flowered ; flowers rather large, white, fragrant ; berry 
 when ripe red, oblong-pointed, usually one-seeded. Common on the 
 higher Ghauts, at Rohe in the Concan. Syn. Murraya exotica, 
 Roxb. Fl Ind.; Chalcas paniculata, Linn.; Lour. Fl Cochin, 331. 
 
 8. CLAUSENA, Burm. 
 
 1. WILLDENOWII, W. and A. Prod. 1, 96. Shrubby, young 
 branches, leaves, and racemes, glabrous ; leaflets 5 to 1 1 , alternate, 
 ovate or ovate-acuminated oblique at the base, crenulated ; panicles 
 racemiform axillary ; stigma 4-lobed ; fruit oblong. Chorla 
 Ghaut, east of Goa. Syn. Amyris dentata, Willd. sp. ii, 337 ; 
 Icica dentata, DC. Prod, ii, 78 ; Wight Tc. t. 14. 
 
 2. SiMPLiciFOLiA,Dalz. in Hook. Jour. Bot. iii, 180. A tree; 
 leaves simple oval oblong, attenuated towards the base, dotted with 
 black, glabrous; flowers from the upper axils in trichotomous 
 cymes, longer than the leaves; buds linear oblong ; sepals rounded ; 
 petals linear obtuse, silky at the base inside ; stigma 4-lobed ; 
 ovary 4 -celled, cells 2-seeded ; fruit at length glabrous, of the size 
 of a pea. Tulkut Ghaut ; flowers in August and September. 
 
 9. PARAMIGNYA, Wight. 
 
 1. MONOPHYLLA, Wight Illust. p 108, t. 42. A scandent shrub, 
 armed with stout thorns ; leaves ovate oblong, 3 inches long, 2 
 broad ; fruit size of an apple, when ripe pulpy, 4-celled ; seeds one 
 above another. Parr Ghaut, jungles at Virdee, throughout the South 
 Concan as far north as the Sawitree river. Native name " Kurwa 
 Waguttee." 
 
 10. LUVUNGA, Hamilt. 
 
 1 . ELENTHERANDRA, Dalz. in Hook. Jour. Bot. ii, 258. Shrubby 
 climbing, thorny, spines axillary reflexed, scarcely curved ; leaves 
 trifoliolate long-petioled, leaflets broad-elliptic or obovate coriaceous 
 glabrous, entire; flowers axillary, panicle spicate, spikes shorter 
 than the petiole ; stamens free. The Ghauts ; common ; flowers in 
 January; fruit in May; fruit resinous and odoriferous, size of an 
 olive ; found also in Ceylon. 
 
 11. FEROMA, Corr. 
 
 1 . F ELEPHANTUM, Corr. A large tree ; leaves small pinnated ; 
 leaflets 5 to 7, obovate, common petiole slightly winged ; racemes 
 lax, few-flowered ; fruit spherical, large as a billiard-ball, scurfy, 
 hard ; commonly called Wood Apple. Deccan and Guzerat; com- 
 mon. Rumph. Amb. ii, t. 43; Roxb. Fl Ind. ii, p 411 ; Wight 
 Ic. Fl i. t. 15. Leaves have the odour of anise seed. 
 
31 
 
 12. AEGLE, Corr. 
 
 1. A MARMELOS. A tall thorny tree; leaves pinnate ; leaflets 
 3, rarely 5 ; peduncles axillary, few-flowered ; flowers rather large, 
 on long pedicles ; fruit large, spherical, smooth, full of pulp, which 
 is very valuable in dysentery. They are regularly sold in the Cal- 
 cutta bazars. Native name " Bil." Syn. Feronia pellucida, Roth, 
 nov. sp. p 384 ; Cratseva marmelos, Linn ; Rheed. Mai. iii, t. 37. 
 Wild in many parts of the Deccan. 
 
 XXXII. CLUSIACE^E. 
 1. GARCINIA. 
 
 1. PURPUREA. A tall slender tree, with drooping branches and 
 dark-green leaves, red when young ; fruit spherical, smooth, full of 
 purple juice. It is eaten, and has an agreeable acid flavour. From 
 it the Foituguese at Goa make a syrup, and the seeds furnish the 
 concrete oil called " Kokum," so useful in healing chaps. In 
 the Southern Concan ; common. 
 
 2. XANTHOCHYMUS, Roxb. 
 
 1 . OVALIFOLIUS, Roxb. A middling-sized tree ; leaves oval, 
 shining ; flowers lateral fascicled, berry oval, size of a walnut, found 
 in March and April. It has a smooth green rind, and is full of yellow 
 juice. On the Ghauts ; pretty common. Syn. Stalagmitis ovali- 
 folius, Don. ; S cambogioides, Moore's Cat. of Ceylon PI ; Cam- 
 bogia gutta, Burm. Fl Ind. 
 
 2. PICTORIUS, Roxb. A middling-sized tree with a dense coma 
 of thick dark-green polished leaves, each upwards of a foot in 
 length; fruit size of an apple, pointed, bright yellow, which yields a 
 large quantity of pretty good gamboge. On the Southern Ghauts; 
 one tree, probably planted, grows in the island of Caranjah. Syn. 
 Stalagmitis pictorius, G. Don. 
 
 3. MESUA, Linn. 
 
 1 . FERREA, Linn. An elegant tree, with coriaceous oblong 
 lanceolate leaves, shining above and glaucous beneath ; flowers 
 large, white, like a Cistus. Southern Concan, Warree, where it is 
 called " Nagchumpa." Syn. M speciosa, DC. Prod. 1 ; Calo- 
 phyllum nagassarum, Burm. Ind. p 21. 
 
 4. CALOPHYLLUM, Linn. 
 
 1. INOPHYLLTJM, Linn. DC. Prod. 1,562. A small crooked 
 tree, with beautiful dark -green shining elliptic leaves; racemes lax, 
 
32 
 
 axillary and terminal ; flowers white, fragrant ; fruit spherical, smooth, 
 green. Oil called " W oondy" is extracted from the seeds, and the 
 crooked stems furnish excellent knees for boats. Common in the 
 Malwan talooka and sandy shores of Southern Concan. Syn. Balsa- 
 marina inophyllum, Lour. Hook. Pot. misc. ii, 355, t. 17. 
 
 2. SPEURIUM Choisg. in DC. Prod. 1. A tree with cuneate 
 obovate leaves, very much smaller than those of the last, inserted 
 on the authority of Nimmo as inhabiting the Southern Concan, 
 though not seen there by other botanists. It is plentiful, however, at 
 Honore, in Canara. Syn. C calaboides, Don in Mill. Diet. ; 
 C apetalum, Willd ; C calaba, Linn. 
 
 3. ANGUSTIFOLIUM, Roxb. Fl Ind. ii, 608. Leaves short, petiol- 
 ed lanceolate, lucid, finely veined ; flowers in axillary fascicles ; 
 pedicles with a cyathiform apex. Neelkoond and Wool wee Ghauts, 
 south-west from Dharwar. Poon tree ; yields the Poon spars for 
 ships' masts. 
 
 5. CALYSACCION, Wight. 
 
 1. LONGIFOLIUM, Wight. Illust. i, 130. A tree; leaves oblong 
 oval obtuse, coriaceous, delicately reticulated ; flowers in clusters 
 on the thick branches, small, white, streaked with red. The flowers 
 are an article of commerce, and are exported to Calcutta and 
 lately to Europe; they are used for dyeing silk The globular 
 flower-buds were sent to London under the erroneous name 
 of Nagkesur. Maratha name " Suringee." Common in the 
 Kutnagherry Collectorate and elsewhere. Syn. Calophyllum 
 longitblium, W. and A. Prod. 
 
 XXXIII. HIPPOCRATEACE^E. 
 1. HIPPOCRATEA, Linn. 
 
 1. H INDICA, Willd. DC. Prod. 1, 558, Glabrous ; leaves 
 elliptic-acute at the base, obtuse or acute at the apex, serrulated, 
 shining; panicles dichotomous coryinbiform ; flowers minute, 
 yellow ; carpels 1 inch long, oblong striated, each 2-seeded ; valves 
 boat-shaped. Along the Ghauts ; pretty common. Native name 
 " Kazurati." Roxb. Fl 1 nd. i, 1 65 ; II disperma, Vahl. enum. ii, p 28. 
 
 2. H GRAHAMII, Wight Illust. i, 134. Shrubby, twining, 
 glabrous ; leaves coriaceous entire, broad ovate, or suborbicular 
 acuminate ; panicles very numerous, large, many-flowered, on the 
 summits of the branches; petals linear spathulate obtuse; carpels 
 obovate obtuse emarginate. H obtusifolia, Grah. Mss. Common 
 on the Ghauts. 
 
33 
 
 2. SALACIA, Linn. 
 
 1. PRINOIDES, DC. Prod. 1, 571. Shrub; leaves oblong acu- 
 minate, serrulate, coriaceous, smooth, shining; pedicels fascicled 
 on an axillary tubercle; flowers very small, appear in December; 
 fruit globose, fleshy red, like a cherry, one-seeded, eatable. Native 
 name " Neesul Bondee." In the Warree country ; not very com- 
 mon. Tonsella prinoides, Willd. ; Johnia coromandeliana, Roxb. 
 Fl Ind. i, 169. 
 
 2. S ROXBURGHII. A shrub ; leaves oblong lanceolate, bluntly 
 acuminated, coriaceous, nearly quite entire ; pedicels many, on an 
 axillary tubercle ; flowers greenish, minute ; fruit large, globose, 
 rough and dry, size of a crab-apple, 2 to 3-seeded. Ram Ghaut; 
 flowers in February. Johnia salacioides, Roxb. Fl Ind. i, 168. 
 
 3. S OBLONGA, Wall. A glabrous shrub ; leaves elliptic-oblong, 
 thin, coriaceous, entire (in Bombay specimens) ; peduncle axillary 
 short, 3-flowered ; pedicels equal to the peduncle, petals long and 
 connivent ; fruit size of a small orange, 8-seeded ; seed large, angu- 
 lar. Chorla Ghaut ; flowers greenish-yellow, large for the genus. 
 
 4. S BRUNONIANA, W. and A. Prod. 1, 105. Glabrous, 
 branches terete, leaves oblong, or elliptic, obtusely acuminated, 
 minutely serrated, coriaceous ; pedicels few, on an axillary tubercle, 
 one-flowered, as long as the petiole ; calyx shortly and obtusely 
 5-toothed, petals ovate, sessile, coriaceous. Ram Ghaut. 
 
 XXXIV. MALPIGHIACE^E. 
 
 1. HEPTAGE, Gaert. 
 
 1. MADABLOTA, Gaert. fr. ii, 169, t. 116. A climbing shrub; 
 leaves ovate, acuminated ; flowers in terminal racemes, white and 
 yellow; carpels unequally 3-winged. On the Ghauts, and in the 
 Concans ; pretty common ; flowers and fruit in January and Feb- 
 ruary. The bark is a very good subaromatic bitter, Dr. Lush. Syn. 
 Molina racemosa, Cav. dissert, ix, t. 263 ; Gaert. racemosa, 
 Roxb. Fl Ind. ii, p 368 ; Banisteria bengalensis, Linn ; B unicap- 
 sularis, Lam. ; Rheed. Mai. vi, t. 59. Maratha name " Huludwail," 
 or yellow climber. Juss. Archives du Mus d'hist. Nat. iii, 500, 
 t. 16. Syn. Madablota Sounnerat voy. Ind. ii, t. 135; Banisteria 
 tetraptera, Roxb. Cor. t. 18, Lonn. loc. cit. ; Calophyllum akara, 
 Burni. Ind. 121 ; Luccowia fimbriata, Dennite. 
 
 2 ASPIDOPTERYS, Juss. 
 
 1. ROXBURGHANA, A. Juss. A climbing shrub with broadly 
 ovate acuminate shining leaves, smooth on both sides ; panicles 
 5c 
 
'34 
 
 axillary and terminal ; carpels each surrounded with an oblong 
 linear entire wing. Syn. Hiraea indica, Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii, p 448 ; 
 Trioptesis indica, Willd. sp. Kandalla Ghaut and in the Concans. 
 Juss. in Archives de Museum d'hist Natur. iii, 508, t. 17. 
 
 *J. CORDATA, Juss. loc. cit. 513. Leaves roundish cordate 
 acuminate, upperside slightly hairy, underside tomeutose; petioles 
 and panicles also tomentose; flowers in October. Near Penn. 
 Syn. Hiraea cordata, Heyne; Wall. PI as. rar. i, p 13, t. 13. The 
 true Hiraas are American. 
 
 XXXV. ANCISTROCLADE^, Planchon. 
 1. ANCISTROCLADUS, Wall. 
 
 1. HEYNEANUS, Wall. Cat. No. 7262. A handsome subscan- 
 dent shrub, with deep-green oblong leaves, and small white flowers 
 in terminal racemes, which appear in March ; calyx and corolla 
 about equal ; stamens 10, alternately shorter ; stigmas 3 ; fruit small, 
 with three very long wings. Kandalla, Parr Ghaut, Meera Dongur, 
 Ram Ghaut, &c. Syn. Wormia, Vahl. ; Valli modagam, Rheed. 
 IVIal. vii, t. 47. This shrub has curious hooks on the branches, 
 which, no doubt, assist in its support. 
 
 XXXVI. SAPINDACE.E. 
 
 1. CARDIOSPERMUM, Linn. 
 
 1. HELICACABUM, Linn. An annual climber, with delicate 
 supra-decompound leaves, small white flowers, and inflated mem- 
 branaceous, bladdery capsule ; seeds black, with a white spot. 
 Common in hedges. The root is diaphoretic, diuretic, and aperient. 
 Wight. Ic. PI t. 508. 
 
 2. SCHMIEDELIA, Linn., Rheed. An extensive climber; leaves 
 trifoliate ; leaflets ovate or oblong acute serrated ; racemes axillary, 
 solitary, simple or bifid ; flowers small, white ; fruit small baccate. 
 Meera hills ; near Penn. Rheed. Mai. v, t. 26. 
 
 3. VILLOSA A tomentose climbing shrub, with ternate leaves ; 
 leaflets oblong, serrulate, softly villous beneath, 6 to 8 inches long ; 
 racemes axillary and terminal, very hairy ; flowers numerous, small, 
 hairy. Common in Southern Concan. 
 
 2. SAPINDUS, Linn. 
 
 1. LAURIFOLIUS. A pretty large tree, with large abruptly 
 pinnate leaves; leaflets 3 pair, ovate lanceolate, entire, glabrous," 
 
35 
 
 flowers in large terminal panicles ; fruit of tree globular ; berries 
 combined, rather hairy ; used as soap. Common about villages ; 
 a doubtful native. Syn. trifoliata, Linn. 
 
 2. EMARGINATUS, Vahl. Leaves abruptly pinnate ; leaflets 2 to 
 3 pair, oblong retuse or emarginate, upperside glabrous, under 
 very downy; racemes panicled, terminal; fruit usually 3-lobed, 
 lobes very hairy on the inside. This and the preceding are called 
 " Rhete"; the fruit of both is used medicinally, also for washing- 
 silk. Syn. S detergens ? Roxb. Is said to have virtues in 
 epilepsy. 
 
 3. CUP AN I A, Plum. 
 
 1. CANESCENS, Pers. Leaflets 2 pair, obovate or oblong, glab- 
 rous ; racemes simple or panicled from the old leafless shoots ; 
 capsule ovoid triangular, brown, velvetty ; flowers white, appear 
 in February. Ram Ghaut and Kandalla ; Graham, Beemasunker ; 
 Koosur Ghaut and Beemasunker, Gibson. Syn. Molinaea canescens, 
 Roxb. Fl Ind. ii, p '243 ; Sapindus tetraphyllus, Vahl. Symb. 
 iii ; p 54. Maratha name " Kurpa." 
 
 4. NEPHELIUM, Linn.; EUPHORIA, Lam. 
 
 1 . LONGANUM, Camb. Leaflets 2 to 4 pair, entire, upperside 
 shining, under pale, glaucous, strongly nerved ; panicles lax, termi- 
 nal ; fruit size of a cherry, eatable when young, bluntly muricated ; 
 flowers in February and March, white. The wood of this tree is 
 hard, close-grained, and white, Roxb. Near Parr; Ram Ghaut. 
 Syn. Dimocarpuslongan, Lour; Euphoria longana, Lam. ; Scytalia 
 longan, Roxb. Fl Ind. ii, p 270; Nephelium Bengalense, Don in 
 Mill. Diet. Maratha name " Wumb." Bot. Res. t. 1729. 
 
 5. SLEICHERA, Willd. 
 
 1. TRIJUGA, Willd. A tree, leaflets 3 pair, oblong or broadly 
 lanceolate, entire, nearly glabrous ; racemes axillary, or below the 
 leaves ; drupe globose-pointed, covered with stout prickles; flowers 
 white, in February and March, minute. The natives eat the fruit, 
 and also make oil from it. Native name " Koosimb." Common 
 on the Ghauts. Syn. Melicocea trijuga, Juss. ; Stadmannia trijuga, 
 Spr. ; Cassambium pubescens, Ham. in Wern. Trans. " Koon," 
 Gaert. t. 180. The bark is astringent; the wood hard, and used 
 for various purposes, as sugar mills, &c. ; the bark is rubbed up with 
 oil to cure the itch, Roxb. 
 
36 
 
 6. DODON^EA, Linn. 
 
 2. BURMANNIANA, DC. A scandent shrub; leaves simple oblong 
 lanceolate cuneate, clammy ; flowers small, greenish, in terminal 
 panicles; capsules emarginate at both ends, winged. Kandalla ; near 
 JBelgnum ; common. " Dawa-ka-Jhar" of the natives, according to 
 (irah. Cat. ; Syn. D augustifolia, Roxb. Fl Ind. ii, p 256; Ptelea 
 viscosa, Burm. Ind. Zeyl. t. 23. " Lutchmee," Maratha. 
 
 XXXVII. MELIACE^E. 
 1. NAREGAMIA, W. and A. 
 
 1 . ALATA, W. and A. Prod. 1 , 117. A very small shrub, 1 foot ; 
 leaves trifoliolate ; leaflets cuneate obovate, entire petiole margined ; 
 flowers large, white, on longish axillary peduncles ; capsule 
 3-cornered 3-valved. Hast of Panwell ; rare, Nimmo. Plentiful on 
 the sides of nullahs at Vingorla. Syn. Turrea alata, Wight Mss. ; 
 Nela naregam, Rheed. Mai. x, t. 22. ; Wight Ic. t. 90. " Kapoor 
 Bendy," Maratha. 
 
 2. TURRJEA, Linn. 
 
 1. VIRENS, Linn. DC. Prod. 1, 620. A shrub, 3 to 4 feet high ; 
 leaves elliptic lanceolate acuminate, quite smooth ; flowers few, 
 white, long, slender ; calyx and fruit with silky hairs. Pretty com- 
 mon on the Ghauts. Smith Ic. i, t. 10. 
 
 3. MELIA, Linn. 
 
 1 . COMPOSITA, Willd. sp. iii, 559. A larger tree than the last ; 
 leaves bi-tripinnate ; leaflets 3 to 7 pair to each pinnate, ovate acu- 
 minated, crenulated, glabrous, young shoots, petioles, and panicles 
 mealy ; flowers white ; drupe, round, size of a plum ; flowers in 
 March. Parr Ghaut, Tullawaree, &c. Syn. M robusta, Roxb. Fl 
 Ind. ii, 397. 
 
 4. AZADIRACHTA, Adr. Juss. 
 
 1. INDICA, Juss. A middle-sized tree; leaves simply pinnated ; 
 leaflets unequal-sided, glabrous, serrated ; panicles axillary ; flowers 
 white, appear in May ; drupe with a one-seeded nut. The leaves and 
 bark are very bitter ; the former are used to preserve books from the 
 attacks of the boring worm, also in fomentations ; of great efficacy 
 in rheumatism. The bark is a febrifuge. The oil of the pericarp 
 is said to possess antispasmodic virtues. Native name " Neem." 
 Syn. Melia azadiracta, Linn. DC. Prod. 1, 6'22 ; Roxb. Fl Ind. ii, 
 394; Rheed. Mai iv, t. 52. 
 
37 
 
 5. MALLEA, Adr. Juss. 
 
 1. ROTHII, Juss. Mem. Mus. xix, t. 13, f. 6. Shrubby ; leaves? 
 unequally pinnated ; leaflets 4 to 6 pair, unequal-sided, entire, or 
 serrated above the middle ; peduncles axillary, with the flowers 
 in a corymb or panicle ; flowers small, white ; berry small, red, 
 ripens -in March. Katruj Ghaut, near Poona ; between Ram 
 Ghaut and Belgaum. Syn. Melia baccifera, Roth. nov. sp. 215; 
 Ekebergia indica, Roxb. Fl Ind. ii, 392. 
 
 6. NEMEDRA, Adr. Juss. 
 
 1. N NIMMONII, Dalz. A tree; leaves pinnate ; leaflets 2 to 
 
 3 pair ; flowers in axillary racemes, small, white ; fruit pear-shaped, 
 size of a plum, indehiscent, abounding in a white resinous juice. 
 Kandalla, hills near Nagotna, jungle near Rohe, an interesting 
 discovery of the late Mr. Nirnmo. Its only congener is in New 
 Holland. Native name " Boorumb." Syn. Epicharis exarillata, 
 Nimmo. 
 
 7. AMOORA, Roxb. 
 
 1. A CUCULLATA, Roxb. Cor. PI t. 258. A tree; leaves pin- 
 nate; leaflets 2 to 4 pair; obliquely ovate lanceolate obtuse, 
 smooth; male panicles axillary, drooping, about as long as the 
 leaves ; fruit bearing peduncles 3 to 6-flowered, young fruit like 
 small pears, with a smooth coriaceous epicarp, when ripe, nearly 
 spherical. Parwar Ghaut. Syn. Andersonia cucullata, Roxb. Fl 
 Ind. ii, 212. 
 
 8. EPICHARIS, Blum. 
 
 1. E EXARILLATA, Arnott. A tree; leaves pinnate ; leaflets 
 
 4 to 6 pair, taper-pointed, entire, smooth on both sides, 6 inches 
 long, 2 to 3 broad, panicles axillary short, rigid ; flowers small, 
 pale-yellow ; capsule globose, size of an apple, smooth ; when ripe 
 yellow ; seeds like chesnuts, polished, dark-purple. Near Kan- 
 dalla and Vingorla ; flowers in August and September. Guarea 
 binectarifera, Roxb. Fl Ind. ii, 240. 
 
 9. WALSURA, Roxb. 
 
 1. W PISCIDTA, Roxb. Fl Ind. ii, 387. A tree; leaves 
 ternate ; leaflets oblong entire, smooth, 2 to 3 inches long, and one 
 broad ; flowers in terminal panicles, numerous, yellowish white ; 
 berry size of an olive, oblong, dark-brown, velvetty. Ram Ghaut ; 
 plentiful. The bark is used to poison fish. 
 
38 
 
 10. HEYNEA, Roxb. 
 
 1. H TRIJUGA, Roxb. Fl Ind. ii, 390. A small tree, with 
 pinnate leaves; leaflets 3 to 4 pair, ovate oblong acuminate entire; 
 flowers in axillary long-peduncled cymes, small, white, appear in 
 March and April ; fruit cherry-like, red, fleshy, opening from the 
 apex, like that of Xanthoxylon rhetsa. Common all along the 
 Ghauts. Juss. Mem. Mus. xix, 235, t. \$,fiy 17. Native name 
 " Limbara." 
 
 XXXVIII. CEDRELACE^E. 
 1. SOYMIDA, Adr. Juss. 
 
 1. FEBRIFUGA, Juss. A large tree; leaves pinnate; leaflets 3 to 
 6 pair, oval oblong obtuse ; panicles large, terminal, or in the axils 
 of the upper leaves ; fruit-capsule oblong obovate, size of an apple, 
 5-celled, 5-valved, dehiscing from the apex. Guzerat, Adjunta 
 jungles, Sindwah Ghaut, Khandeish jungles, Jovvar jungles. 
 .Native name " Rouen" or " Ruliin." Syn. Swietenia febrit'uga, 
 Roxb. Cor. i, t. 17; Fl Ind. ii, 398. A useful tonic in intermittent 
 fever, not more than 4 to 5 drachms to be administered in '24 
 hours, Ainslie. 
 
 2. CHICKRASSIA, Adr. Juss. 
 
 1. NIMMONII, T. Grah. Wight's I llust. No. 10. A large tree; 
 leaves pinnate ; leaflets tomentose, capsule 4 to 5-valved, size of an 
 apple. Jungles at Rohe; the flowers appear in January and Feb- 
 ruary. This tree differs from C tubularis, Juss., in being tomen- 
 tose or velvetty, and 4 to 5, not 3, valved. The timber resembles 
 an inferior kind of cedar, and, as such, is exported from Malabar. 
 This is probably the C velutina, Wall, list No. 1270. 
 
 3. CEDRELA, Linn. 
 
 1. TOONA, Roxb. Cor. t. 238; Fl Ind. i, 635. A large tree; 
 leaves abruptly pinnate; leaflets 6 to 12 pair, ovate lanceolate acu- 
 minated, entire or slightly toothed ; panicles drooping ; flowers 
 numerous, small, white ; capsule oblong, rather larger than a field 
 bean, 5-celled, 5-valved. Jungles at Rohe, ravines at Kandalla, &c. 
 The timber is like inferior mahogany, and is much used in Bengal 
 furniture, bedsteads, chairs, &c. The powdered bark, though not 
 bitter, when mixed with a small portion of the powdered seed of 
 Guilandina bonduc, W. and A. (" Sagurgota" of the Marathas), is a 
 good substitute for Peruvian bark in the cure of remitting and inter- 
 mitting fevers, Roxb.; Wight Ic. t. 161. 
 
39 
 
 4. CHLOROXYLOiN, DC. 
 
 4. SWIETENIA, DC. A tree ; leaves abruptly pinnate ; leaflets 
 10 to 20 pair, semi-cordate, oblong, pale-coloured, small, unequal 
 sides, pellucid dotted ; panicle large, terminal, capsules 3-celled, 
 3-valved ; wood close-grained, yellow, excellent for the turner; some 
 specimens are of great beauty, equal to the wood of the sugar maple 
 of N. America. Native names " Billoo" and " Hulda." Yields wood- 
 oil. Grows in the vicinity of Belgaum, also at the Falls of Gokak ; 
 Alleh Bela hills, Dr. Gibson. Syn. Swietenia chloroxylon, Roxb. 
 Cor. t, 64; Fl Ind. ii, 400; Juss. Mem. Mus. xix, . 23, f. 2; Wight 
 Illust. Bot. i, t. 57. 
 
 XXXIX. AMPELIDE^E. 
 
 1. CISSUS, Linn. 
 
 1. C. QUADRANGULARIS, Linn. Smooth, climbing, root tube- 
 rous ; stem herbaceous dichotomous, obtusely quadrangular articu- 
 lated ; stipules biauricled, adnate ; leaves thick, fleshy, cordate 
 rounded, entire or trilobate ; umbels contracted, few-flowered ; fruit 
 ovoid, smooth, red, 1-seeded, Willd. sp. Fi i. p 657 ; Saclanthus 
 quadrangularis, Forsk. Descr. 33, Ic. t. 2. Guzerat, in hedges. 
 Used by the Arabs to sleep upon in complaints of the spine. Native 
 name " Hursanker." 
 
 2. REPANDA, Vahl. Symb. iii, 18. Young parts tomentose, 
 stems terete ; stipules oblong ; leaves cordate roundish, shortly 
 acuminated, entire, repand-toothed ; tendrils none; umbels com- 
 pound ; flowers in June. Common, ^yn. Vitis repanda, W. and A. 
 Prod. ; C indica, Rottl. DC. Prod. 1, 628. 
 
 3. LATIFOLIA, Vahl. Symb. iii, 18. Young parts densely 
 pubescent, young shoots 4-angled ; stipules oval, adnate ; leaves 
 broad cordate acuminate with bristly serratures, underside cover- 
 ed with dense rusty-coloured tomentum ; fruit size of a pea, black 
 and smooth when ripe. The Concan ; common. Syn. Vitis adnata. 
 Wall. ; V repens, Wall. 
 
 4. REPENS, Lam. DC. Prod. 1,628. Glabrous, pale-green, 
 young shoots glaucous ; stipules cordate rounded ; leaves cordate 
 ovate acuminate, with sharp spiniform teeth with compound umbels 
 of flowers ; fruit globose. The Concan. Syn. Vitis repens, W. 
 and A.; Rheed. Mai. vii, t. 48. 
 
 5. TRILOBATA, Lam. Glabrous ; stipules oval ; leaves 3 folio- 
 late, upper ones often only deeply 3-cleft ; leaflets bristle-toothed, 
 oblong lanceolate, lateral ones unequal-sided ; fruit globose, ) -seed- 
 ed, DC. Prod. 1 , 629. The Concan. Syn. Vitis Rheedei, VV. and 
 A. Prod.- Rheede Mai. vii, t. 45. 
 
40 
 
 6. CARNOSA, Roxb. Fl Ind. i, 409. Stem compressed striated ; 
 stipules oblong ; leaves 3-foliolate on longish petioles ; leaflets 
 stalked, roundish or ovate or obovate, crenate, serrated ; cymes pe- 
 duncles compound ; berries black. Syn. C cinerea, Lam ; Rheed. 
 Mai. vii, 9; Rumph. Amb. v, t. 166. /. 2; C ccenata, Vahl; C 
 obtusifolia, Lam; Hook. Comp. Bot. Mag. i, 161, t. 9. 
 
 7. MURICATA, Dalz. Mss. Unisexual, all glabrous, except the 
 inflorescence ; stem woody, branches with muricated bark ; leaves 
 petioled trifoliolate ; leaflets stalked, subcoriaceous, serrated, oblong 
 acuminated ; umbels axillary, twice compound ; fruit globose, size 
 of a large cherry, white when ripe. Monkeys are very fond of it. 
 Southern Ghauts ; plentiful in Canara. Vitis muricata, Wall. ; W. 
 and A. Prod, p 1*28. 
 
 8. C EDULIS, Dalz. in Hook. Jour. Bot. ix, p 248. Root 
 fibrous ; stem quadrangular broadly 4-winged ; stipules lunate 
 entire ; leaves shortly-petioled cordate ovate entire, serrulated ; 
 umbels short-peduncled ; fruit globose, acrid, 1 -seeded, size of a 
 small pea. Common. Long confounded with the C quadrangularis 
 of Linn ; Syn. Vitis quadrangularis, Wall. ; C quadrangularis, 
 Roxb. Fl Ind. i, 407. Used in curries by the Bengalees. 
 
 9. C. VITIGINEA, Roxb. nov. Linn. Nearly glabrous, scarcely 
 climbing ; leaves very large, shining, broadly cordate, shortly 
 acuminated ; stipules cordate, cymes on long peduncles ; flowers 
 reddish ; berry black when ripe, 1 to 2-seeded. A very common bush 
 in the Deccan, Roxb. Fl Ind. 
 
 10. PEDATA, Lam., Roxb. Fl i, 413. Young parts softly 
 pubescent ; stipules cordate acute ; leaves pedate, leaflets 7 to 1 1 , ob- 
 long lanceolate acuminated, membranaceous, serrulate ; peduncles 
 axillary or opposite the leaves ; fruit flattened on the top, 4-lobed, 
 white, 4-seeded. The Concans and Ghauts. Syn. Vitis pedata, 
 Wall. ; W. and A. Prod, p 128 ; C heptaphylla, Retz. obs. ; Itheede 
 Mai. vii, t. 10. The Deccan, Gornehr. 
 
 11. AURICULATA, Roxb. Fl Ind. i, 41 1 . Root tuberous, young 
 shoots succulent, and petioles and inflorescence softly pubescent ; 
 leaves 5-foliolate ; leaflets oblong, obovate or rhomboid, shortly 
 acuminated, serrulated ; berries smooth, shining, red, size of a 
 cherry. At Vingorla. Syn. Vitis auriculata, Wall. 
 
 1 '2. DISCOLOR, Dalz. in H ook. Jour. Bot. ii, 39. Glabrous ; stem 
 and branches acutely angular, red ; stipules broadly ovate obtuse ; 
 leaves petioled, ovate or oblong lanceolate acuminated, truncate 
 or slightly cordate at the base, serrated, deep-green above, purple, 
 and shining beneath ; umbels opposite the leaves twice the length of 
 the petiole ; petals red, cohering ; berries black, shining, size of a 
 large pea. Shady jungles of the Concan ; flowers in August; fruit 
 in October. 
 
41 
 
 13. C SETOSA, Roxb. Fl Ind. 1, 410. Herbaceous, climbing, 
 bristly all over, even to the fruit ; leaves sessile, ternate ; leaflets 
 fleshy, grossly bristle-serrate about 4 inches long, oval and 
 waved; pedicels all recurved in fruit; berries red, ovoid; every part 
 of the plant is acrid. About Jooneer; not seen elsewhere. 
 
 14. C ARANEOSUS, Dalz. Climbing ; all floccose except the 
 upper surface of the leaves; leaves dark-green, pale beneath, 
 cordate acute, simple or trifoliate ; leaflets oblong acute, unequal- 
 sided at the base ; peduncles opposite the leaves, many-flowered, 
 cirriherous, rather long ; fruit spherical, smooth, 1 to 4-seeded, size 
 of a pea ; rare. On the highest Ghauts west of Jooneer. 
 
 2. VITIS, Linn. 
 
 1. V INDICA, Linn.--Branches, petioles, and peduncles villous ; 
 leaves cordate, scarcely angled or lobed, toothed, underside 
 tomentose, upper floccose, at length somewhat glabrous ; racemes 
 peduncled, cylindric ; peduncles cirriferous; flowers bisexual; fruit 
 globose; flowers in May. 
 
 3. LEEA, Linn. 
 
 1. L STAPHYLEA, Roxb. Shrubby, branches round, smooth; 
 leaves from compound to super-decompound ; leaflets from oblong 
 to linear lanceolate, with a long tapering point coarsely serrated ; 
 cymes terminal, large ; flowers greenish-white ; berry size of a small 
 cherry, flattened, 5 to 6-grooved, 6 to 6-celled ; cells I -seeded. Com- 
 mon in the Concan and Ghaut jungles. Wight Ic. t. 78 ; Illust. t. 58. 
 
 2. L MACROPHYLLA, Roxb. Fl hid. i, 653. Stem herbaceous, 
 erect, flexuose-jointed ; leaves very large simple, broad cordate, 
 toothed, smooth on both sides ; cymes terminal, large ; flowers 
 numerous, small, white ; berry depressed, size of a small cherry, 
 smooth, black and succulent when ripe. Hills in the Concan ; 
 pretty common ; root tuberous, and employed in the cure of 
 guinea-worm. 
 
 XL. GERANIACEJE. 
 
 1. MONSONIA, Linn., Fil. 
 
 1. M SENEGALENSIS, Guill. and Perr. Tent. Fl Senegamb. i, 
 131. A very small plant 3 to 4 inches high; leaves ovate cordate, 
 acute or lanceolate, remotely toothed, pubescent and villous, 
 long-petioled ; stipules villous; flowers axillary, long-peduncled; 
 peduncles solitary, 1-flowered, with two bracteoles ; corolla and 
 calyx about equal ; flowers pink ; fruit often longer than the whole 
 plant. Dry pastures in the Deccan; not common. Syn. Erodium 
 6c 
 
42 
 
 chumbulense, Munro in Wight fc. t. 1074; Monsonia lawiana, 
 Stocks MS.; Geranium lawianum, Graham's Catalogue. 
 
 XLI. 
 
 1. OXALIS, Linn. 
 
 1. O CORNICULATA, Linn. A weed, the pest of gardens, stems 
 decumbent, rooting ; leaves palmately trifoliolate ; leaflets obcordate, 
 pubescent; peduncles 2 to 5-flowered ; capsule linear oblong, 
 many-seeded, densely pubescent. Syn. O pusilla, Roxb. Fl Ind. ii, 
 457; O repens, Thunb. Wight Ic. t. 18. 
 
 2. BIOPHYTUM, DC. 
 
 1. B SENSITIVUM, DC. Prod. 1, 690. A small plant with a 
 short stem ; leaves umbellate at its apex, abruptly pinnated ; leaflets 
 10 to 14 pair, obliquely obovate or oblong; peduncles from among 
 the leaves, several together, pubescent; flowers numerous, um- 
 bellate, yellow. Common in the Concan during the rains. Rheed. 
 Mai. ix, t. 19 ; Bot Reg. xviii, t. 68. 
 
 XLII. BALSAMINE^E. 
 
 1. IMPATIENS, Linn. 
 
 1. I ACAULIS, Arnott in Hook. Comp. Bot. Mag. i, 325. 
 Smooth leaves, orbicular or oblong, rounded or cordate at the 
 base, bracts ovate acute ; pedicels elongated ; sepals small, ovate 
 obtuse, spur very slender, elongated. Syn. I scapiflora, Hook. 
 Bot. Mag. t. 3587. The Ghauts. 
 
 2. I UIVALIS, Wight Contr. Ind. Bot. i, 13, t. 8. Herbaceous ; 
 root tuberous; all the leaves radical ovate oblong, rather oblique at 
 the base, remotely bristle-serrated, hairy above, pale beneath ; scape 
 racemed, many-flowered ; flowers pedicelled, large, upper sepal 
 obtuse gibbous, hiding the column of fructification, lateral minute, 
 lower ovate, attenuated into a slender spur, double the length of the 
 petals; seeds hispid. The Ghauts; flowers in July and August. 
 Supposed to be only a variety of the preceding. 
 
 3. I STOCKSII, Hook. Fl. and Thorns. Small, quite smooth ; 
 leaves broadly ovate, membranaceous ; bracts ovate acute ; sepals 
 broadly ovate obtuse, lip saccate at the base, spur none, wings 
 3-lobed ; leaves only 1 inch long. The Southern Ghauts. Jour. 
 Proc. Linn. Soc. iv, p 1 19. 
 
 4. I CHINENSIS, Linn. sp. PI. Glabrous ; stem erect, angled ; 
 leaves subsessile linear acute, opposite, remotely serrated, glaucous 
 
43 
 
 beneath ; pedicels solitary or fascicled ; sepals linear, spur slender 
 elongated, incurved, vexillum orbicular acuminate, wings semiobo- 
 vate, auricled at the base. Syn. I fasciculata, Lam. ; Wight Ic. 
 748 ; Bot. Mag. 4631 ; I heterophylla, Wall, in Roxb. Fl'lnd. ii, 
 458. The Concans. 
 
 5. I OPPOSITIFOLIA, Linn. Leaves opposite, from narrow 
 linear lanceolate to broad obovate lanceolate, acute, membranaceous, 
 slightly serrated, serrattires bristly; pedicels axillary, solitary or 
 in pairs, not half the length of the leaves, very slender; lower 
 sepal cucullate, with a very short conical, nearly straight spur. 
 Spr. syst. i, 808 ; Syn. Balsamina oppositifolia, DC. Prod, i, 686 ; 
 I rosmarinifolia, Retz. Very common in the Concans. 
 
 6. I TOMENTOSA, Heyne. Leaves short- petioied, oblong lance- 
 olate, acute serrated, slightly hispid above ; pedicels solitary or 
 twin, along with the flowers, pubescent; sepals linear lanceolate 
 acuminate; spur very short, obtuse, incurved; capsule oblong 
 glabrous, few-seeded ; seeds black, shining. Syn. I reticulata, Wall.; 
 I ramosissima, Dalz. in Hook. Jour. Bot. in, 230. Flowers in 
 September. Phoonda Ghaut. 
 
 7. I LAWII, Hook. Fil. and Thorns, loc. cit. p 122. Stems 
 erect branched, and with the leaves beneath quite smooth ; leaves 
 shortly oblong, obtuse at the base, sessile, the upper ones smaller, 
 cordate, stem-clasping, remotely serrated, a little rough above ; 
 pedicels short; flowers large; sepals linear falcate; vexillum 
 orbicular ; lip small, without a spur. Southern Concan. A very 
 beautiful species. 
 
 8. I INCONSPICUA, Benth. in Wall. Cat. 4741. Small-branch- 
 ed, diffuse, smooth; leaves narrow oblong, linear or lanceolate, 
 serrate ; pedicels puberulous ; flowers minute ; sepals linear subulate ; 
 lip boat-shaped, acuminate, without a spur. Syn. I pusilla, Heyne. 
 A very inconspicuous and variable plant. 
 
 9. I KLEINIJ, W. and A. Prod. 140. Erect, with spreading 
 branches ; leaves opposite, from obovate and obtuse to lanceolate 
 and acute, with a large gland on each side near the petiole, upperside 
 hairy on the veins, under glaucous ; pedicels solitary or twin, in fruit 
 reflexed ; lateral sepals linear, posterior concave, hairy, lower one 
 with slender spur twice the length of the flower. Syn. Balsamania 
 minor, DC. Prod. 1, 686. Very common in the rains. 
 
 10. I DALZELLII, Hook, and Thorn, loc. cit. Quite smooth, 
 branched ; leaves all shortly-petioled, ovate or oblong lanceolate, 
 cordate at the base, acuminate, spinulously serrulate, slightly hairy 
 above, pale beneath ; flowers middling-sized, yellow ; sepals linear 
 lanceolate acuminate; lip saccate, terminated by a short spur; 
 vexillum broadly cowled, winged on the back ; stem 8 to 14 inches 
 high. The South Concan. 
 
44 
 
 11. I LATIFOLIA, Linn. sp. PL Smooth; leaves subopposite 
 or subverticelled, long-petioled, lanceolate or ovate lanceolate, acu- 
 minate, crenate serrate and bristly on the margin ; flowers large; 
 sepals small ovate cuspidate; lip acuminate concave; spur elongat- 
 ed, slender; vexillum reversely cuneate, horned. Syn, I cuspidata, 
 Wight and Arn. in Hook. Comp. Bot. Mag. ii, 3'21 ; I bipartita, 
 Witrht and Arn. loc. cit. i, 322; 1 floribunda, Wight in Madr. Jour. 
 
 , p 7. Concan common. 
 
 12. I BALSAMINA, Linn. Willd. sp. PI i, 1175, A weed, herba- 
 ceous, erect, simple ; leaves alternate petioled, glabrous, acuminated 
 at both ends, acutely and often deeply serrated ; petioles glanduli- 
 ferous ; pedicels 1 to 2 or more aggregate shorter than the leaves ; 
 lateral sepals minute lanceolate, anterior one pubescent, infundibuli- 
 form with a slender spur; capsule ovate, tomentose, and hairy. 
 Very common; the double varieties are often of great beauty. 
 
 13. SCABRIUSCULA, Heyiie in Roxb. Fl Ind. ed. Wall, ii, 464. 
 Low, erect, branched, pubescent and tomentose ; leaves few, shortly- 
 petioled, lanceolate acuminate serrate ; pedicels short ; sepals very 
 small ; lip boat-shaped, tomentose ; spur none. Allied to I balsa- 
 mina, but much smaller, leaves broader, and lip without a spur. The 
 South Concan. 
 
 14. I PULCHKRRIMA, Dalz. in Hook. Jour. Bot. ii, p 37. Stem 
 erect, glabrous ; leaves alternate long-petioled ovate acuminated, 
 crenate serrated ; serratures bristly, somewhat roughish above, glau- 
 cous and quite smooth beneath ; petioles glandular towards the 
 apex ; pedicels axillary, 2 to 3 together, one-flowered, half the length 
 of the leaf; flowers large, rose-coloured, 2| inches in diameter; the 
 petals divided to near the base; the lobes cuneate obovate; fruit 
 bearing pedicels erect, drooping at the apex ; spur 2 inches long, 
 filiform. Shady jungles in the Warree country ; flowers in August. 
 Hook Bot. Mag. 4615. 
 
 XLIII. PITTOSPORACE.E. 
 1. P1TTOSPORUM, Banks. 
 
 1. FLORIBUNDUM, W. and A. Prod, p 154. A small tree ; leaves 
 thinly coriaceous, elliptic lanceolate, glabrous, margins waved ; 
 racemes terminal, compact, many-flowered; flowers white, small; 
 capsule 2-valved, compressed, 3 to 4-seeded, size of a pea. All 
 along the range of the Ghauts. The clubs of the Australians are 
 made of the wood of P bicolor. Syn. Celastrus v.erticillata, Roxb. 
 Fl Ind. i, 624; Senacia nepalensis, DC. Prod. 1, 367. Maratha 
 name " Yekuddy." P zeylanicum, Wight Illust. i, 173. 
 
45 
 
 XLIV. ZYGOPHYLLE^E 
 
 1. TRIBULUS, Tournef. 
 
 ]. T TERRESTRIS, Linn. Ahumifuse procumbent plant; leaves 
 abruptly pinnate, opposite, stipuled ; leaflets 5 to 6 pair; peduncles 
 one-flowered, solitary, axillary ; flowers yellow ; fruit angular, 
 prickly. The Deccan, Guzerat, Kattywar. DC. Prod. 1, 704. 
 Belongs, with other species of the genus, to the desert flora. 
 " Gokhroo," Marathi and Hindoostanee. 
 
 2. FAGONIA. 
 
 1. F MYSORENSIS, Roth. nov. sp. 215. A sufTrutescent much- 
 branched plant ; leaves opposite, 2-stipuled, stipules often thorny, 
 one-foliolate ; leaflets linear cuspidate; stipules spinous, very sharp, 
 longer than the leaf; fruit capsular, 5-coccous, pubescent. Com- 
 mon in the Deccan. Wight lllust. i, t. 64. Has a fanciful repu- 
 tation as a suppurative in cases of abscess from thorns ; a drug in 
 the bazar, under the name of " Dumaso," used for cooling the 
 mouth. 
 
 3. PEGANUM, Linn. 
 
 1. HARMALA. Herbaceous plant, with multifid leaves, lobes 
 linear ; flowers white, terminal ; capsule spherical, 3-celled. Indapoor, 
 in the Poona Collectorate, also Beejapore ; apparently wild. Very 
 common in Sind, extending to the west coast of Africa ; capsules 
 sold in the bazar under the name of " Hurmaro." 
 
 XLV. XANTHOXYLACE,E. 
 1. XANTHOXYLON, Linn. 
 
 1. RHETSA, DC. Prod. 1, 728. A tree with prickles over every 
 part of it; bark corky; leaves equally pinnated; leaflets 8 to 16 
 pair, lanceolate, unequal-sided, entire, glabrous ; panicles terminal ; 
 capsule size of a pea, globose, 2-valved, opening at the apex. The 
 seed has a strong flavour of pepper ; flowers minute, yellow, appear 
 in November; fruit in February. Parr village, Twemlow ; Kandalla, 
 Arbuckle; at Banda, in the Warree country. Native name "Seesul." 
 Syn Fagara rhetsa, Roxb. Fl Ind. i, 417; Rheed. Mai. v, t. 34. 
 
 2. TRIPHYLLUM, Juss. A small tree without prickles ; leaves 
 trifoliolate ; leaflets oblong, entire; flowers small, white, in axillary 
 panicles, appear in April and May ; capsule obovate, smooth, size 
 of a field-bean. Found all along the Ghauts. Syn. Fagara triphylla, 
 Linn. sp. PI. ed. Willd. i, 666 ; Roxb. Fl Ind. i, 416. The capsules 
 of X hastile are the Tejbul of the bazars, used for intoxicating fish. 
 
46 
 
 2. TODDALIA, Juss. 
 
 1. ACULEATA, Pers. DC. Prod. 2, 83. A shrub or small tree 
 with prickly stem and branches ; leaves digitately trifoliolate ; leaflets 
 sessile, from oblong to broad lanceolate crenulate glabrous, pellucid 
 dotted ; racemes simple or compound axillary ; flowers small, white ; 
 fruit size of a small cherry, 5-furrowed, 3 to 5-celled ; has a pungent 
 taste like black pepper. IN ear tank at Kandalla ? ; Koomba Ghaut ; 
 abundant, Dr. Gibson ; inCanara; plentiful. Syn. T asiatica, Lam.; 
 T nitida, Lam ; T rubricaulis, Willd. ; Scopolia aculeata, Smith 
 Roxb. Fl Ind. i, 616; Paullinia asiatica, Linn.; Rheede Mai. v, t. 
 41. The bark of the root is employed as a cure in jungle inter- 
 mittent fevers, Roxb. The new genus Dipitalum, Dalz., found in 
 Canara, is, with good reason, supposed to be the Tuddalia bilocu- 
 laris of W. and A. Prod. 149. 
 
 3. AILANTHUS, Desf. 
 
 1. EXCELSA, Roxb. Fl Ind. ii, 450 ; Cor. t. 23. A tall tree; leaves 
 abruptly pinnated, young ones tomentose, older glabrous ; leaflets 
 coarsely toothed at the base; flowers fascicled in large-branched 
 terminal panicles, appear in January and February ; carpels sama- 
 roid, oblong compressed, membranaceous reticulated, swollen in 
 the middle. Common about Broach and Baroda, Lush ; Deccan, 
 Dr. Gibson; wood light, used for sword-handles ; of little use, 
 Roxb. ; Wight. Illust. Bot. i, t. 67. 
 
 2. MALABARICA, DC. Leaves with the leaflets entire; fruit 
 broadly linear, rounded at both ends ; flowers small, white, in ter- 
 .minal racemes, appear in February and March. DC. Prod. 2, p 89 ; 
 Rheed. Mai. vi, t. 15. Ravines at Nagotna; Corondia, near 
 Kandalla ? Yields a resin from the bark. Common in Canara. 
 Canarese name " Muddhedoop." Punt Suchew's country , at 
 Oodhur Raneeshwur. 
 
 XLVI. OCHNACE.E. 
 I. OCHNA, Linn. 
 
 1. O NANA, Hamilton, in Wall, list 3761. A very small 
 shrub with narrow oblong lanceolate leaves, minutely serrulated, 
 shining ; flowers loosely pedicellate on axillary peduncles, rather 
 large and showy, bright-yellow. South Concan. During several 
 years in which Mr. Law and ourselves traversed the Concan in 
 all directions, we have not met with any other member of this 
 family, except this low shrub, two feet high at the most. Syn. O 
 moonii, Thwaite's Enum. ? 
 
47 
 
 XLVII. STAPHYLEACEJE. 
 
 1. TURPINIA, Vent. 
 
 1. T NEPALENSIS, Wall. A tree; leaves opposite unequally 
 pinnated ; leaflets 3 to 5-oblong lanceolate acuminated, coriaceous ; 
 flowers white, in opposite panicles ; berry of the size of a large pea, 
 scarcely fleshy, 3-celled ; cells 1 to 3-seeded. Wight Ic. t. 972. 
 Parwar Ghaut. 
 
 XLVIII. CELASTRACEJE. 
 1. PLEUROSTYLIA, W. and A. 
 
 1. P WIGHTII, W. and A. Prod. 1, 157. A shrub ; leaves 
 elliptic-oblong, entire whitish, opposite, shortly-petioled ; peduncles 
 axillary and terminal, very short, few-flowered, fruit small, in- 
 dehiscent, 1 to 2-celled. The Ghauts, Wight Ic. t. 155. 
 
 2. EUONYMUS, Linn. 
 
 1. E GOUGHII, Wight Ic. t, 215. Shrubby, glabrous, ramuli 
 compressed ; leaves somewhat triple-nerved, shortly-petioled, quite 
 entire, oblong, ovate, acute at both ends, peduncles axillary, short, 
 1 to 3-flowered ; petals 5, orbicular, fringed. Mangellee Ghaut. 
 
 3. CELASTRUS, Linn. 
 
 1. PANICULATA, Willd. sp. i, p 1 125. A climbing unarmed 
 shrub ; leaves alternate, broadly oval, or ovate or obovate, with a 
 sudden short acumination, slightly serrated, glabrous ; racemes 
 terminal, compound, elongated, erect or pendulous ; flowers white ; 
 capsule globose, 3-celled, 3 to6-seeded. Common on the Ghauts 
 and in the Concans. The ghaut variety has an erect abbreviated 
 panicle; oil is extracted from the seeds for burning and for 
 medicine used in rheumatism. Maratha name " Kangoonee." Roxb. 
 Fl Ind. i, 621 ; Syn. C nutans Roxb. loc. cit. ; C rothiana, Schult ; 
 DC. Prod. 2, p 8 ; Ceanothus paniculata Heyne in Roth. nov. 
 sp. p 154; Scutia paniculata, Don in Mill. Diet, ii, 34 ; Wight 
 Illust. i, .72; Ic. PL t. 158. 
 
 2. ROTHIANA, W. and A. Prod, p 159. A shrub unarmed; 
 leaves coriaceous, glabrous, broadly obovate, crenate, serrated, 
 euneate at the base, and tapering suddenly into the petiole; cymes 
 much shorter than the leaves, dichotomous, fascicled from the 
 tubercles of the older branches ; capsules turbinate, 3-lobed, bright 
 red when ripe, each lobe the size of a pea. Jungly hills in the Con- 
 can and Ghauts, common. Syn. C serrulata, Roth. nov. sp. p 156. 
 
48 
 
 3. MONTANA, Roxb. Fl Ind. i, 620. A shrub, thorny; leaves 
 elliptic or obovate, tapering into the petiole, minutely and sharply 
 crenate, serrated, coriaceous, glabrous ; whitish-glaucous when 
 dried ; cymes axillary, lax, peduncled, twice as long as the 
 petiole ; capsules somewhat globose, 3-angled, about the size of 
 a pea. Hills in the Deccan, at Koondiana in Guzerat, also in Sind. 
 Roth. nov. sp. 154 ; Syn. C crenata, Roth. loc. cit. 156; Catha 
 montana, Don in Mill. Diet, p 10. Young branches often pointed 
 with a thorn. Much used as dunnage for roofs of houses. Native 
 name " Mai Kangonee." 
 
 4. EL^ODENDRON, Jacq. 
 
 1. ROXBURGHII, W. and A. Prod, p 157. A small tree ; leaves 
 opposite, elliptical or ovate crenate ; serrated, young ones glaucous ; 
 cymes lax, dichotomous, divaricated about half the length of the 
 leaves, usually with a solitary flower in the forks ; drupe round, 
 hard, size of a cherry ; flowers small, yellow. Sattara and Kamatkee 
 Ghauts; Beemasunker, Dr. Gibson ; Syn. Nerijadichotoma, Roxb. 
 Fl Ind. i, 646 ; Rhamnus nerija, Spr. syst. supp. p 86. Maratha name 
 " Tamrooj." 
 
 5. LOPHOPETALUM, Wight. 
 
 1. L WIGHTIANUM, Arnott. Ann. Nat. Hist, iii, 151. A 
 middle-sized tree ; leaves elliptic-oblong, a little acuminated, obtuse 
 at the base, quite entire ; corymbs terminal panicled ; flowers with 
 5 divisions ; ovary 3-celled ; fruit sharply triangular, hard, 4 inches 
 long ; seeds oblong, compressed, surrounded by a long linear wing. 
 Wight Ic. t. 162. 
 
 XLIX. RHAMNACE.E. 
 
 1. VENT1LAGO, Gaert. 
 
 1 . M ADRASPATANA, Gaert. fr. i, 223. A large climbing shrub ; 
 leaves alternate, coriaceous, short- petioled, orbicular to ovate acu- 
 minated, acute or obtuse or cordate at the base, crenate, serrated 
 or entire; flowers fascicled on long leafless branches, forming a 
 panicle ; small greenish fruit, size of a pea, with a long linear 
 membranaceous wing. Khandalla, the Ghauts generally, and at 
 Baitsee ; flowers and fruit in January. Native names lt Lokundie," 
 " Kanwail." Cordage is made of the bark, As. Res. vi, 352 ; Roxb. 
 Fl Ind. i, 629 ; Syn. V denticulata, Willd. DC. Prod. 2, 38. 
 
 2. BOMBAIENSIS, Dalz. in Hook. Jour. Bot. iii, 36. Branchlets, 
 petioles, and flowers covered with fulvous tomentum ; leaves 
 lanceolate acute at the base, unequal, acuminated at the apex, 
 
49 
 
 crenated, crenatures with callous points, glabrous on both sides, 
 shining ; flowers fascicled in the axils of the leaves, shortly- pedi- 
 celled. Chorla Ghaut ; flowers in February. This species is dis- 
 tinguished from the preceding by the very different inflorescence, 
 while the costal veins in the leaf of the preceding are double in 
 number, and form a much larger angle with the midrib. 
 
 2. ZIZYPHUS, Lournef. 
 
 1. RUGCSA, Lam. Encycl. Metru iii, 319. A large straggling 
 thorny shrub ; leaves broadly oval serrated ; cymes long-ped uncled, 
 forming a large terminal panicle; drupe obovate, small, white, 
 eatable, and very palatable. Common. Native name " Toorun." 
 Syn. Z latifolia, Koxb. Fl Ind. i, 607 ; Z paniculata, Roth. nov. 
 sp. I p 161 ; Z obliqua, lleyne, in Roth. nov. sp. p 160. The edible 
 fruit is a great support to the people of the Ghauts from March to 
 the middle of May. 
 
 2. XYLOPYRA, Willd. sp. i, p, 1104. A tree; prickles solitary 
 or in pairs or wanting ; leaves broadly elliptical or orbicular obtuse, 
 serrulated, underside pale, softly pubescent, finely reticulated ; 
 cymes short ; nut size of a large cherry, round, hard, 3-celled. The 
 Ghauts ; common. Native name " Gootee." The nuts used for 
 blackening leather, Dr. Gibson. Syn. Z elliptica, Roxb. Fl Ind. 
 i, 610 ; Z caracutta, Roxb. loc. cit. 612 ; Z rotundifolia, Roth. nov. 
 sp. 160 ; Z orbicularis, Schult. in DC. Prod. 2, p21 ; Rhamnus 
 xylopyras, Retz. obs. ii, p 11. Wood excellent for torches. 
 
 3. JUJUBA, Lam. Encyc. Meth. iii, 318. A common tree, 
 prickly, prickles often wanting; leaves elliptic or oblong obtuse, ser- 
 rulated, upperside glabrous, underside covered with a dense, short, 
 tawny tomentum ; cymes sessile or shortly-peduncled ; drupe 
 spherical ; nut rugose, hard and thick ; flowers foetid. Produces 
 a kind of Kino from the bark, useful in medicine. DC. Prod. 2, 
 p 21 ; Roxb. Fl Ind. i, p 508 ; Z. Syn. trinervia, Roth. nov. sp. p 158 ; 
 Z sororia, Schult. in DC. Prod. 2, p 21 ; Rhamnus jujuba, Linn. 
 
 4. NUMMULARIA, W. and A. Prod, p 162. Shrubby, branched 
 from the base, slender flexuose, spreading ; thorns in pairs, the 
 upper one straight, slender ; leaves ovate or elliptic, or orbicular 
 serrulated, underside with a dense grey tomentum ; cymes sessile, 
 very short. Common in Guzerat ; very troublesome to sportsmen. 
 Syn. Z microphylla, Roxb. Fl Ind. i, p 613; Z rotundifolia, Lam. ; 
 DC. Prod. 2, p 21 ; Rhamnus nummularia, Burm. Ind. p 61. 
 
 5. OENOPLIA, Mill. A climbing thorny shrub ; leaves obliquely 
 ovate, acuminated, slightly serrulate, underside shortly tomentose ; 
 cymes short ; drupe globose. Common in the Concan, also Deccan. 
 DC. Prod.- 2, P 21; Roxb. Fl Ind. i, P 611; Z napeca, Roth, 
 nov. sp. p 159; Roxb, loc. cit. 613. 
 
 7 c 
 
50 
 
 3. SCUTIA, Comm. 
 
 1. INDICA, Brogn. Ann. Soc. Nat. x, p 363. A straggling 
 thorny shrub ; leaves smooth, small, obovate obtuse or retuse, cori- 
 aceous, generally quite entire ; flowers axillary, shortly umbellate ; 
 fruit usually tricoccous, girt by the persistent tube of the calyx. 
 Common along the higher Ghauts. Native name " Cheemat." 
 Syn. Rhamnus circumscissus, Linn. ; Roxb. Fl Ind. i, p 603 ; R 
 myrtinus, Burm. Ind. p b'O ; Ceanothus circumscissa, Gaert. t. 
 1U6; C zeylanica, Heyne, in Roth. nov. sp. p 153 ; Celastrus zey- 
 lanica. Roth, in Schult. DC. Prod. 2, p 9 ; Catha zeylanica, Don 
 in Mill. Diet, ii, 10. 
 
 4. COLUBRINA, Rich. 
 
 1. ASIATICA, Brogn. in Ann. Soc. Nat. x, p 369. A large, 
 smooth, dark -green shrub ; leaves ovate acuminated crenate, serrated 
 glabrous, shining; cymes about the length of the petioles; flowers few, 
 appear in the cold weather ; fruit capsular dehiscent, tricoccous, 
 size of a pea, very smooth. Elephanta and the Ghauts ; plentiful 
 near the sea at Rutnagherry. Syn. Ceanothus asiaticus, Linn. ; 
 Roxb. Fl Ind. i, p 615 ; C capsularis, Forsk. DC. Prod 2, p 32; 
 Pomaderis capsularis, Don in Mill. Diet, ii, 39- 
 
 5. GOUANIA, Jacq. 
 
 1. G LEPTOSTACHYA, DC. Prod. 2, p 40. A climbing shrub, 
 branches glabrous ; leaves ovate acuminated, slightly cordate at the 
 base, crenate serrated glabrous; racemes of flowers long, inter- 
 rupted, axillary, or in terminal panicles ; fruit small, glabrous, 
 triangular, scarcely winged. At Banda, in the Warree country. 
 Syn. G tiliaefolia, Roxb. Fl Ind. i, 632. 
 
 6. RHAMNUS, Linn. 
 
 1. WIGHTII, W. and A. Prod. 1, 164. Unarmed, glabrous; 
 leaves opposite or nearly so, elliptical, with a short sudden acumi- 
 nation, sharply and closely serrated ; pedicels axillary, fascicled, 
 scarcely longer than the flower, much shorter than the petiole ; 
 petals cuneate, obovate, not flat, as stated by W. and A., but 
 folded ; ovary 3 to 4-celled ; styles 3 to 4, connected to the middle ; 
 fruit size of a pea. Highest hills in the Northern Ghauts. Native 
 name u Rugt Rorar." The bark is esteemed very medicinal as a 
 tonic and deobstruent. 
 
51 
 
 L. TEREBINTHACEJS. 
 1. ODINA, Roxb. 
 
 1. WODIER, Roxb. Fl Ind. ii, 293. A large tree; leaves 
 unequally pinnated ; leaflets 3 to 4 pair, subsessile oblong-ovate 
 acuminated, glabrous, entire, paler beneath ; racemes terminal 
 fascicled, pendulous ; flowers very small, purple ; fruit kidney- 
 shaped, size of a french-bean, when ripe, red. Very common. 
 Native name " Shimtee." Royle Illust. t. 31, fig 2. A quantity 
 of gum exudes from the trunk, used by the natives as a medicinal 
 plaster in Ceylon. 
 
 2. HOLIGARNA, Roxb. 
 
 1. H LONGTFOLIA, Roxb. Fl Ind. ii, p 80. A tree; leaves 
 petioled alternate, cuneate oblong, acute or acuminated entire, 
 glabrous when old ; petioles with a subulate soft deciduous process 
 on each side about the middle; panicles terminal and axillary; fruit 
 inferior, oval ; pericarp thick, containing between its laminse cells 
 full of thick acrid juice, used in Malabar as a varnish. Roxb. 
 Cor. t. 282. Canarese name " Hoolgeree." 
 
 3. GLYCYCARPUS, Dalz. 
 
 1. G RACEMOSUS, Dalz. in Hook. Jour. Bot. ii, p 39. A small 
 polygamous tree ; leaves alternate petioled, simple oblong entire ; 
 petiole naked ; flowers racemose, small,white; petals 4, oblong linear ; 
 stamens 4; drupe size of a cherry, transversely oblong; seed one, 
 large, covered with a sweet eatable pulp ; colytedons deeply plano- 
 convex. The Ghauts. Syn. Holigarna racemosa, Roxb. Fl Ind. ; 
 Pegia colebrookiana, Wight Ic. t. 236 ; the female plant. ; Syn. 
 H racemosa, Roxb. Fl Ind. ii, p 82. Native name " Amberee," 
 
 4. MANGIFERA, Linn. 
 
 1. M INDICA, Linn. Spr. syst. i, p 17. A tree with a splendid 
 coma, thick and umbrageous in the wild state ; leaves lanceolate 
 acuminated, glabrous, shining, coriaceous ; panicle terminal, much- 
 branched ; flowers small, white ; drupe obliquely oblong, or slight- 
 ly reniform; nut compressed, woody, 2-valved ; valves grooved and 
 covered with fibrous filaments. From this tree, so well known, 
 there issues a soft, reddish-brown gum resin like bdellium, dissolv- 
 ing entirely in alchohol, and in a great measure in water. DC. Prod. 
 2, 63; Roxb. Fl Ind. i, 641 ; Rheed. Mai. iv, t. 1 and 2 ; Tussac 
 flore desantilles ii 57, t. 15; Rumph. Amb. t. 25, 61 ? M. domes- 
 tica, Gaert. A singular variety, with double and triple fruit, is to 
 
52 
 
 be found in gardens at Hydrabad, in Sind, and leads to the sus- 
 picion that the solitary carpel in this tree is solitary by abortion. 
 The normal number would seem to be five. 
 
 5. SEMECARPUS, Linn. 
 
 1. S ANACARDIUM, Linn. A tree; leaves oblong obovate, 
 rounded at the apex, whitish and tomentose beneath (in Bombay 
 specimens) ; panicles terminal, bracteolated ; fruit heart-shaped ; 
 pericarp full of a corrosive resinous juice, used for marking linen. 
 Native name " Biboo." Warree country; Deccan and Concan; 
 common. 
 
 2. S GRAHAMII, R. Wight Ic. t. 235. Leaves cuneate lance- 
 olate, acute, coriaceous, glabrous above, pubescent beneath ; 
 petiole short, furnished with four subulate bodies, as in Holigarna ; 
 panicles racemose contracted, congested towards the summit of 
 the branches; calyx truncated, cup-shaped ; ovary and young fruit 
 covered with rusty-coloured hairs. The hilly parts of the Concan ; 
 common. Meera hills and near Thul, and elsewhere in forests. 
 
 6. BUCHANANIA, Roxb. 
 
 1 . LATIFOLIA, Roxb. Fl Ind. ii, 385. A tree ; leaves broadly 
 oval or obovate obtuse; branches of the panicles hirsute; flowers 
 small, greenish-white ; drupe compressed, ovoid globose ; nut very 
 hard. The kernel is used in native confectionery, and abounds in 
 a bland oil. Barria jungles, east of Baroda, Dr. Gibson ; near 
 Belgaum, Law; Salsette, Nimmo ; at Baitsee, in the Warree 
 country. Native names " Pyal " and " Charolee." 
 
 7. CANARIUM, Linn. 
 
 1. C STRICTUM, Roxb. Fl Ind. u iii. A tall straight tree, young 
 parts and inflorescence covered with ferruginous tomentum ; leaves 
 pinnated, 2 feet long ; leaflets 4 pairs and 1 odd one, ovate oblong, 
 or linear oblong, with a sudden acumination, minutely crenulate 
 on the margin, at length glabrous and shining above, hairy beneath, 
 on the nerves, 5 inches to a foot long. Meera hills and Punt 
 Suchew's country. Native names " Googul" and " Dhoop.'* 
 Produces a medicinal gum, aromatic, of a yellow colour. 
 
 LI. CHAILLETIACE^E. 
 1. MOACURRA, Roxb. 
 
 1. M GELONIOIDES, Roxb. Fl Ind. ii, 69. A small tree; 
 leaves alternate short-petioled, broad lanceolar entire, taper-pointed, 
 
53 
 
 thin and smooth, 3 to 4 inches long ; flowers numerous, small, 
 collected in small axillary, solitary, short-peduncled fascicles; 
 capsule transversely oval, 2-lobed, size of a nutmeg, covered with 
 a grey down dehiscing, showing inside a beautiful red arillus. 
 Ram Ghaut; plentiful. 
 
 LII. HOMALINEJ3. 
 
 1. HOMALIUM, Jacq. 
 
 1. H ZEYLANICUM, Benth. in Jour. Proc. Linn. Soc., vol. iv, 
 p 35. A tree ; leaves petioled, oval-elliptic or ovate-acuminate, 
 somewhat toothed, shining, glabrous ; racemes elongated, slightly 
 tomentose ; flowers small, white ; leaves 3 to 4 inches long. Syn. 
 Blackwellia zeylanica, Gardner in Calc. Jour. Nat. Hist, vii, 452; 
 B tetrandra, Wight Ic. t. 1851. Ram Ghaut. 
 
 LIII. CONNARACE^E. 
 
 1. CONNARUS, Linn. 
 
 1. MONOCARPUS, Linn. sp. PI 678. An erect shrub; leaves 
 3 to 5 foliolate; leaflets oval oblong acuminated, shining on both 
 sides, coriaceous ; panicles terminal elongated ; flowers small, 
 yellowish-white ; fruit a capsule, pod-like, stalked, slightly kidney- 
 shaped, red when ripe, extremely ornamental when covered with its 
 bright-red fruit. On the Southern Ghauts ; common. Lam. Encycl. 
 Meth. ii, 95 ; Spr.s?/s. iii, 78 ; Syn. Omphalobium pinnatum, DC. 
 Prod. 2, 86 ; O indicum, Gaert. t. 46 ; Rheede Mai. vi, t. 24. 
 Native name " Soonder." 
 
 2. ROUREA, Aubl. 
 
 1. SANTALOIDES, W. and A. Prod. 144. A climbing shrub; 
 leaflets 2 to 4 pair, ovate, narrow blunt acuminated, coriaceous, 
 shining; panicles axillary and terminal, few-flowered; fruit ovoid- 
 pointed, rather fleshy, not pod-shaped as W. and A. remark, 
 though they had never seen the fruit. Syn. Connarus santaloides, 
 Vahl. Symb. iii, 87. The leaves are like those of Santalum. 
 Warree country, Ram Ghaut, &c. Syn. Connarus santaloides, 
 Vahl. Symb. iii, 8. 
 
54 
 
 LIV. LEGUMINOS.E. 
 SUB-ORDER. I. PAPILIONACE^E ; II. LOTE^E. 
 
 1. HEYLANDIA, DC. 
 
 1. LATEBROSA, DC. Prod. 2, 123. Herbaceous plant, hairy 
 dichotomous ; leaves on short petioles, obliquely cordate ovate ; 
 flowers axillary, solitary, subsessile, small, yellow ; legume compres- 
 sed, 1 to 2-seeded ; more or less hairy. Syn. H hebecarpa, DC. loc. 
 cit. ; H leiocarpa, DC. loc. cit. ; Hallia hirta, Willd. sp. iii, 169; 
 Hedysarum latebrosum, Linn. Maut. ; Crotalaria uniflora, Roxb. 
 Fllnd. iii, 271. 
 
 2. CROTALARIA, Linn. 
 
 1 . A NTHYLLOIDES, Lam. Encyc. Meth. ii, 1 95. Annual, erect, all 
 clothed, except the upperside of the leaves, with close-pressed 
 brownish hairs ; stipules minute setaceous ; leaves oblong to oblong 
 linear ; flowers axillary and solitary, and in terminal racemes ; calyx 
 very hairy, longer than the corolla ; legume glabrous, sessile, broader 
 upwards, shorter than the calyx ; flowers pale-yellow, open in the 
 evening. Southern Concan, DC. Prod. 2,129; C stiicta, Roxb. 
 Fl Ind. iii, 265 ; C Roxburghiana, DC. loc. cit. 
 
 2. FULVA, Roxb. Fl Ind. iii, 266. Shrubby, erect, branched, 
 densely clothed, particularly on the young parts, with soft white or 
 fulvous hairs ; leaves oblong lanceolate mucronate, silky on both 
 sides when young ; racemes terminal and from the upper axils ; 
 calyx densely silky ; legume sessile oval, villous, enclosed in the 
 enlarged calyx, 2-seeded. Ram Ghaut. 
 
 3. BURHIA, Ham. in Wall. Cat. Shrubby, spreading, much- 
 branched ; branchlets with silky pubescence ; leaves oblong, with 
 adpressed hairs ; calyces very hairy ; legume ovoid, few-seeded, 
 very hairy. At Cambay. A member of the desert flora, Walp. 
 Repert. v, p 436. 
 
 4. JUNCEA, Linn. sp. Fl 1004. Erect branched, more or less 
 clothed with shining, silky pubescence; stipules and bracts 
 setaceous ; leaves from narrow linear to ovate lanceolate, obtuse 
 mucronate or acute ; racemes elongated, terminating each branch ; 
 calyx densely covered with rusty tomentum ; legumes sessile 
 oblong, broader upwards, twice the length of the calyx, tomentose, 
 many-seeded. This is the cultivated " Tag," yielding one of the 
 best kinds of Indian hemp ; DC. Prod. 2, 125 ; Roxb. Fl Tnd. iii, 
 259. Syn. C Bengalensis, Lam. Encycl. Meth. ii, 196; C tenui- 
 folia, Roxb. Fl Ind. iii, 263 ; C fenestrata, Bot. Mag. t. 1933. 
 
 5. LESCHENAUTLII, DC. Prod. 2, 125. Erect branched, 
 
55 
 
 glabrous except on the underside of the leaves ; stems terete ; 
 stipules minute triangular acuminated reflexed; leaves cuneate, 
 narrow obovate, obtuse, upperside glabrous, minutely dotted, under 
 villous ; racemes terminal elongated ; flowers numerous, distant, 
 much larger than the quite glabrous calyx ; legume oblong, broader 
 upwards, glabrous, four times the length of the calyx, many-seeded. 
 On the highest Ghauts ; common. Native name " Dingala." 
 
 6. PEDUNCULARIS, Grah. in Wall, list 5369. Erect, tall, 
 sparingly branched, glabrous all over; stipules wanting; leaves 
 oblong to narrow linear acuminated ; racemes terminal elongated, 
 lax ; flowers distant, very large, on long pedicels ; legume cylindric- 
 oblong, attenuated at the base, glabrous, many-seeded. South 
 Concan and at Vingorla; very common. W. and A. Prod. 186; Syn. 
 C lutescens, Dalz. in Hook. Jour. Bot. 
 
 7. SERICEA, Retz. obs. iii, 26. Erect-branched, glabrous, 
 except on the underside of the leaves ; stems obtusely angled ; 
 stipules large semisagittate, reflexed ; leaves lanceolate cuneate at 
 the base, mucronate pellucid dotted, upperside glabrous, under- 
 side glaucous, with adpressed silky pubescence ; racemes terminal, 
 elongated, many-flowered ; legume oblong glabrous, shortly stalked, 
 many-seeded. In pasture grounds, Bombay ; Roxb. Fl Ind. iii, 
 273, Syn. C spectabilis, Roth. nov. sp. 341 ; DC. Prod. 2, 125; C 
 juncea ; Willd. ? sp. PI iii, 974 (non Linn). 
 
 8. RETUSA, Linn. Spr. syst. iii, 237. Erect-branched, nearly 
 glabrous, except the underside of the leaves ; stipules and bracteas 
 subulate ; leaves cuneate oblong, retuse or rounded, minutely 
 pellucid dotted ; racemes elongated, many-flowered ; calyx glabrous ; 
 legume oblong, broader upwards, sessile glabrous, many-seeded. 
 Common in sandy soil, in company with the following. Maratha 
 name " Ghagree" ; flowers in February and March. Roxb. Fl 
 Ind. iii, 272; Syn. Lupinus cochinensis, Lour.; DC. Prod. 
 2, 410. 
 
 9. VERRUCOSA, Linn. Spr. syst. iii, 237. Herbaceous, erect, 
 much-branched ; branches angled ; stipules lunate ; leaves ovate, 
 suddenly and shortly acuminated at the base, nearly glabrous ; 
 racemes terminal and leaf-opposed; flowers largish, blue; legume 
 cylindric-oblong, sessile, softly pubescent, many-seeded. Roxb. 
 Fl Ind. iii, 273; Syn. C angulosa, Lam. Encyc. Meth. ii, 197; 
 Ccerulea, Jacquin Ic. rar. t. 144. Very common. 
 
 10. BIFARIA, Linn. Suppl. 322. Herbaceous, procumbent, 
 clothed with somewhat rigid pubescence; branches slender, 
 elongated ; leaves from orbicular to oblong, or narrow linear pube- 
 scent, or at length nearly glabrous ; racemes terminal and leaf- 
 opposed, 1 to 2-flowered ; calyx harshly pubescent ; legumes 
 obovoid, hispidly pubescent or hairy, mottled with purple. Ram 
 
56 
 
 Ghaut, Law; Belgaum, Ritchie. DC. Prod. 2, 127; Syn. C dicho 
 toma, Roth. nov. sp. 340. 
 
 11. FILIPES, Benth. in Hook. Lond. Jour. Bot. ii, 472. Pro- 
 strate, ciliated with long hairs ; stem filiform, very slender ; stipules 
 none ; leaves obliquely cordate ovate or sublanceolate ; peduncles 
 very slender, 1 to 2-flowered i calyx divisions lanceolate, ovary many 
 ovuled ; legume ovoid glabrous, twice as long as the calyx ; leaves 
 scarcely half an inch long ; flowers the size of those of Heylandia, 
 ovules about 20 ; legume 3 lines long. Common about Bombay, 
 Salsette, &c. 
 
 12. EPUNCTATA, Dalz. in Hook. Jour. Bot. iii, 210. Suffruti- 
 cose diffuse, branched from the base ; branches round, filiform, naked 
 at the base, with the racemes and leaves beneath, strigosely pube^ 
 scent; stipules minute spreading, sometimes wanting; lenves 
 without dots, linear oblong, at length glabrous above ; racemes 
 terminal, 4 to 1 0-flowered ; bracts linear equalling the short pedicels ; 
 calyx half the length of thecorol; upper lip deeply bifid, lower 
 trifid segments subulate; legume cernuous, smooth, transversely 
 reticulated, oblong, a half longer than the calyx, 20-seeded. South 
 Concan ; common. Closely allied to C viminea of R. Graham. 
 
 13. LINIFOLIA, Linn. f. suppl. 322. Cespitose, suffruticose 
 diffuse, branched from the base, more or less strigose ; stipules 
 wanting; leaves from cuneate to linear oblong obtuse, slightly 
 mucronate, strigose beneath ; racemes terminal, elongated, many- 
 flowered ; calyx densely covered with short hairs; legume oblique, 
 roundish- ovoid, sessile glabrous, scarcely so long as the calyx, 
 8 to 12-seeded. Kandalla, Graham ; Surat, in company with C 
 orixensis. DC. Prod. 2, 128; Syn. C caespitosa, Roxb. Fl Ind. 
 iii, 269; C diffusa, DC. Prod. 2, 126; C tecta, Heyne in Roth, 
 nov. sp. 335 ; C montana, Heyne in Roth, p 334. 
 
 14. NANA, Burm. Fl Ind. 156, t. 48, /. 2. Cespitose hairy, 
 branched from the base ; stipules wanting ; leaves oblong, broader 
 upwards, obtuse ; flowers 2 to 3, on short leaf-opposed peduncles, 
 or 5 to 6 in nearly sessile terminal umbels ; calyx very hairy, as 
 long as the corolla ; legume ovoid sessile, glabrous, black, a half 
 longer than the calyx. Malwan, on the sea shore. DC. Prod. 2, 
 127 ; Syn. C biflora, Willd. sp. iii, 978. 
 
 15. UMBELLATA, Wight Cat. No. 700. Branched from the 
 base very hairy; branches ascending, elongated, twiggy ; stipules 
 wanting ; leaves oblong, slightly acute ; flowers numerous, forming 
 a dense terminal umbel ; calyx very hairy, as long as the corolla ; 
 legume globose, sessile, black, glabrous, scarcely longer than the 
 calyx, 6 to 8-seeded. At Vingorla; plentiful; Ram Ghaut, Law. 
 
 16. TRIQUETRA, Dalz. in Hook. Jour. Bot. ii, p 34. Annual, 
 branched from the base ; branches prostrate, with spreading hairs, 
 
57 
 
 acutely 3-sided ; stipules ovate acute reflexed ; leaves oblong elliptic, 
 slightly cordate at the base, glabrous above, with spreading hairs 
 beneath ; racemes opposite the leaves, 3-flowered, 6 to 7 times 
 longer than the leaf; legume oblong, with adpressed hairs, stalked, 
 3 or 4 times longer than the calyx, many-seeded. District of 
 Mai wan ; flowers in September. 
 
 17. ROSTRATA, W. and A. Prod. 1, 191. Shrubby, very rigid, 
 much-branched ; stipules long subulate ; leaves trifoliolate, on a 
 very short petiole ; leaflets very small, broadly obcordate, upper- 
 side nearly glabrous, under pubescent ; racemes few-flowered, ter- 
 minating the branchlets ; legume pubescent, ovate, obliquely-beak- 
 ed, seeds 2. On the sandy soil at Domus, also in Kattywar. 
 DC. Prod. 2, 133. 
 
 18. LABURNIFOLIA, Linn.sp.Pl 1005. Shrubby erect, glabrous; 
 stipules wanting ; leaves trifoliolate ; leaflets broadly oval, usually 
 acute at both ends ; racemes elongated, terminal, and leaf-opposed, 
 many-flowered ; flowers large, yellow, long-pedicellate ; legume 
 stalked, glabrous, cylindric-oblong, 3 times as long as broad. DC. 
 Prod. 2, 130; Roxb. Fl Ind. iii, 275. Southern Concan, Nimmo; 
 Syn. C pendula, Bert. DC. loc. cit. ; C pedunculosa, Desv. DC. 
 loc. cit. ; C lavulium pedunculosum, Desv. in Ann. Soc. Nat. ix, 407. 
 
 19. ORIXENSIS, Roxb. Fl Ind. iii, 276. Herbaceous pro- 
 cumbent ; leaves trifoliolate ; leaflets obovate, upperside glabrous ; 
 racemes elongated, leaf-opposed, slender, many-flowered, bracteas 
 cordate acuminate ;\ flowers small, on long filiform pedicels ; legume 
 stalked, glabrous, short- cylindrical, a half longer than broad, few- 
 seeded. DC. Prod. 2, 131. At Surat, amongst grass. 
 
 20. QUINQUEFOLIA, Linn.sp. PI 1006. Annual, erect-branched ; 
 stems hollow ; leaves 5-foliolate ; leaflets longer than the petioles, 
 from lanceolate to narrow-linear ; racemes terminal, much elongated, 
 many -flowered ; flowers large, distant ; legumes clavate oblong, 
 glabrous, attenuated at the base into a stalk. DC. Prod. 2, 131 ; 
 Roxb. Fl Ind. iii, 279 ; Syn. C heterophylla, Linn, suppl. 323. On 
 the margins of rice fields, Salsette, &c. 
 
 3. INDIGOFERA, Linn. 
 
 1. ECHINATA, Willd. sp. iii, 1222. Herbaceous prostrate; 
 branches angular ; leaves simple obovate, minutely dotted ; racemes 
 on very short peduncles, 6 to 8-flowered ; legumes crescent-shaped, 
 with hooked bristles on the convex margins ; seed solitary, flat, 
 reniform. Very common. DC. Prod. 2, 222. Roxb. Fl Ind. iii, 
 370; Syn. H nummulanaefolium, Linn. sp. p 1051; H rotund- 
 ifolium, Vahl. Symb. ii, 81 ; H erinaceum, Poir. Encycl. Meth. vi, 
 393 ; Onobrychis rotundifolia, Desv. DC. Prod. 2, 348. 
 8c 
 
58 
 
 2. LINIFOLIA, Hetz. Obs. iv, p29. Diffuse procumbent, white, 
 with adpressed silvery hairs ; leaves subsessile lanceolate or narrow 
 linear; racemes very short, sessile; legumes globose, one-seeded, 
 very small. A common weed. DC. Prod. 2, 222; Roxb. Fl Ind. 
 iii, 370; Syn. Hedysarum linifolium, Linn, suppl. 331; Sphacri- 
 diophorum, Desv. Jour, iii, p 125. 
 
 3. CORDIFOLIA, Heyne. Roth. nov. sp. 357. Diffuse, covered 
 with long white hairs; leaves broadly ovate cordate subsessile; 
 racemes capituliform, sessile, 3 to 6-flowered; legumes oval, 
 hoary, 2-seeded. Very common. DC. Prod. 2, 222. 
 
 4. GLANDULOSA, Roxb. Fl Ind. iii, p 372. Diffuse, young parts 
 softly pubescent; leaves petioled trifoliolate; leaflets oblong obovate, 
 underside glandular dotted; racemes sessile, oval, dense, many- 
 flowered, short; legumes oval, twice as long as broad, hairy, 
 4-angled ; angles slightly winged and toothed ; seeds 2. Common. 
 DC. Prod. 2, 223. 
 
 5. TRIQUETRA, Dalz. in Hook. Jour. Bot. ii, p 36. Stems 
 several, from a woody root, acutely 3-edged, prostrate, ascending at 
 the apex, glabrous ; leaves subsessile elliptic mucronate, strigose and 
 pellucid dotted beneath ; stipules subulate ; racemes axillary elongat- 
 ed, 3 to 4 times longer than the leaf, many-flowered ; flowers purple ; 
 fruit bearing peduncles reflexed; legume linear mucronate, 4- sided 
 and 4-winged, about 5-seeded. Rocky hills in the district of 
 Mai wan. 
 
 6. ENNEAPHYLLA, Linn. Maut. 272. Procumbent, young parts 
 and leaves pubescent, with adpressed whitish hairs ; branches 
 prostrate, 2-edged ; leaves pinnate ; leaflets 3 to 5 pair, obovate 
 oblong ; racemes sessile, short, oval, dense, many-flowered ; legumes 
 oval, pubescent; seeds two. At Surat. DC. Prod. 2, 229; Roxb. 
 Fl Ind. iii, 376. Syn. Hedysarum prostratum, Linn. Maut. i, 102; 
 Burm. Ind. t. 55,/l. 
 
 7. ASPALATHOIDES, Vahl. in Herb. Juss. Shrubby erect, young 
 parts whitish ; branches numerous spreading; leaves sessile, digi- 
 tately 3 to 5-foliolate; leaflets narrow cuneate, small; peduncles 
 solitary, one-flowered ; flowers very small ; legumes cylindrical, 
 pointed straight, 4 to 6-seeded. Near Belgaum. DC. Prod. 2, 
 231; Syn. I aspalathifolia, Roxb. Fl Ind. iii, 371; Aspalathus 
 indicus, Linn. sp. PI 1001 ; Lespedeza juncea, Wall. Rheed. 
 Mai. ix, t. 37. Common in the Deccan. 
 
 8. UNIFLORA, Ham. in Herb. Banks. Stems prostrate, long, 
 slender ; leaves pin nately trifoliolate ; leaflets narrow cuneate, oblong 
 acute ; peduncles solitary filiform, one-flowered, twice the length 
 of the leaves; legumes linear oblong terete-pointed, 3-seeued. 
 Southern Maratha Country, Law; Roxb. Fl Ind. iii, 374. 
 
 9. TENUIFOLIA, Rottl. Herbaceous, branched diffuse; leaves 
 
59 
 
 short-petioled, pinnated; leaflets about 4-pair, cuneate oblong, 
 sprinkled on both sides with whitish hairs ; peduncles longer than 
 the leaves, with a few subsessile flowers towards the apex ; legume 
 compressed pointed, slightly torulose, sutures thickened. At 
 Unklesvvur, near Broach. W. and A. Prod, p 200. 
 
 10. TRIFOLIATA, Linn. Amoen. iv, 327. Suffruticose branched; 
 branches slender diffuse, ascending ; leaves long-petioled, palmate- 
 ly trifoliolate ; leaflets cuneate obovate, pubescent on both sides, 
 glandular beneath ; racemes sessile very short, dense, many-flower- 
 ed ; flowers minute ; legumes straight deflexed, sub-compressed, 
 torulose, with a prominent nerve on each side of the sutures. At 
 Domus. DC. Prod. 2, 223 ; Syn. I prostrata, Willd. sp. iii, 1226; 
 DC. loc. cit. 233; Roxb. Fl Iiid. iii, 373 ; I leschenaultii, DC. loc. 
 cit. 223 ; I multicaulis DC. loc. cit. 
 
 11. PAUCIFOLIA, Delile. Fl d'Egypt, p 107, t. 37, /. 22. 
 Shrubby, erect-branched, hoary and glaucous; leaves pinnated; 
 leaflets 1 to 5, alternate, oblong lanceolate ; racemes solitary, sessile, 
 longer than the leaves, many-flowered ; legumes linear, slightly 
 compressed, torulose, pendulous and curved upwards, 5 to 8-seed- 
 ed. Surat and throughout Guzerat. DC. Prod. 2, 224 ; Syn. I 
 argentea, Roxb. Fl Ind. iii, 374; Bremontiera animoxylon; B 
 burmanni. DC. Prod. 2, 353. 
 
 12. WIGHTII, Graham in Wall, list 5458. Suffruticose, erect- 
 branched, hoary, with adpressed silky hairs ; leaves pinnated ; 
 leaflets 5 to 10 pair, small, oblong oval, slightly retuse mucronate; 
 racemes short, many-flowered ; flowers small ; legumes few, erect, 
 cylindrical, stout, straight, sharp-pointed, 10 to 12-seeded ; seeds 
 cylindric. At Belgaum. 
 
 13. TINCTORIA, Linn. sp. PI 1501. Suffruticose erect; leaves 
 pinnated ; leaflets 5 to 6 pair, oblong obovate, cuneate at the base ; 
 racemes shorter than the leaves, sessile, many- flowered ; legumes 
 approximated towards the base of the rachis, nearly cylindrical, 
 slightly torulose, deflexed and curved upwards ; seeds J.O, cylindrical, 
 truncated. DC. Prod. 2, 224 ; Roxb. Fl Ind. iii. 379 ; Syn. I 
 indica, Lam. Encycl. Meth. iii, 245. Found apparently wild in 
 many parts of the Concan. This is the Indigo plant ; the " Neel" 
 of the natives. 
 
 14. CQERULEA, Roxb. Fl Ind. iii, 377. Shrubby erect, closely 
 covered with whitish pubescence ; leaflets 4 to 5 pair, obovate 
 emarginate, terminal largest ; racemes solitary, sessile, short ; flowers 
 small; legumes terete, short, five times as long as broad, deflexed, 
 and curved upwards, slightly torulose, 3 to 4-seeded. The wild 
 original of the preceding ? In hedges at Dhej, Broach Collectorate. 
 Roxburgh says he has extracted a finer indigo from the preceding. 
 Syn. I tinctoria ; B brachycarpa. DC. Prod. 2, 224. 
 
60 
 
 15. PULCHELLA, Roxb. Fl Ind. iii, 382. A shrub ; branches 
 angled; leaves pinnated; leaflets 8 to 10 pair, obovate or broad- 
 elliptic, emarginate mucronate ; racemes the length of the leaves,' 
 sessile, many-flowered ; flowers large, bluish-purple, showy ; 
 legumes slightly deflexed, cylindrical, thick, straight, sharp-pointed, 
 10 to 12-seeded. An Alpine species ; all along the highest Ghauts. 
 Syn. I purpurascens, Roxb. loc. cit. 383 ; I cassioides, Rottl. DC. 
 Prod. 2, 2:25. Native name " Chimnatee." Ind. Gibsonii, Graham's 
 Catalogue. 
 
 1 6. TRITA, Linn. Suppl. 335. Herbaceous or suffruticose, erect, 
 rigid, more or less hairy ; leaves pinnately trifoliolate, ; leaflets oval 
 or oblong, mucronate ; racemes sessile, the length of the leaves ; 
 legumes deflexed or horizontal, 4-angled, straight rigid, sharp- 
 pointed ; seeds 6 to 10, 4-sided. Very common. DC. Prod. 2, 232 ; 
 Roxb. Fl Ind. iii, 371 ; Syn. I cinerea, Willd. sp. 1225 ; Roxb. Fl 
 Ind. iii, 372; I canescens, Lam. Enc. Meth. iii, 251. 
 
 17. KLEINII, W. and A. Prod. 204. Herbaceous procumbent; 
 leaves pinnated; leaflets alternate, about 9, obovate oblong, 
 glaucous and strigose beneath ; racemes peduncled, equal to the 
 leaves, many-flowered ; flowers small ; legumes crowded, imbricately 
 reflexed, straight linear, 4-angled, with a subulate rigid straight 
 point; seeds 8 to 10, 4-sided. At Belgaum. 
 
 18. HIRSUTA, Linn. sp. PI 1862. Erect-branched, hairy all 
 over except the leaves ; leaves pinnated ; leaflets opposite, 2 to 5 
 pair, oblong obovate, large ; racemes dense peduncled, longer than 
 the leaves ; legumes reflexed, straight, 4-angled, mucronate, hairy, 
 4 to 6-seeded. A large coarse species ; a common weed in the 
 South Concan. DC. Prod. 2, 228 ; Roxb. Fl Ind. iii, 376 ; Rheede 
 Mai. ix, t. 30. 
 
 4. PSORALEA, Linn. 
 
 1. CORYLIFOLIA, Linn. sp. 1075. Annual, erect, 3 to 4 feet 
 high ; leaves simple, rarely ternate, roundish ovate repand-toothed ; 
 racemes dense, spicate, on long axillary solitary peduncles ; 
 legume very short, indehiscent, 1-seeded. A common plant in 
 waste places. Roxb. Fl Ind. iii 387 ; Syn. Tufolium unifolum, 
 Forsk. Native name " Bawurcheen." 
 
 5. TEPHROSIA, Pers. 
 
 1. SUBEROSA, DC. Prod. 2, 249. A small tree; ends of the 
 branches and young shoots tomentose ; leaves pinnated ; leaflets 6 
 to 10 pair, elliptic-oblong, obtuse mucronulate, underside clothed 
 with silky pubescence ; racemes terminal, rose-coloured ; legume 
 long, straight, silky, contracted between the seeds, linear-corn- 
 
61 
 
 pressed ; seeds 6 to 8, reniform. Rocky hills eastward of Belgaum. 
 Wasera Ghaut, Dr. Gibson ; seeds used to poison fish. Native 
 name " Sooptee." Syn. T sericea, DC. loc. cit.; Cylisu sericens, 
 Willd. sp. 1121; Robinia suberosa, Roxb. Fl Ind. iii, 327; R 
 sennoides, Roxb. loc. cit. 328. 
 
 2. SENTICOSA, Pers. Syn. ii, 330. Shrubby, diffuse ; leaves 
 pinnated ; leaflets 1 to 3 pair, obcordate, underside whitish, with a 
 fine pubescence ; flowers in pairs, axillary, towards the extremities of 
 the branches nearly sessile ; legumes compressed, slightly curved 
 at the point, 3 inches long. On hills in the Concan; common. 
 DC. Prod. 2, 254; Syn. Galega senticosa, Linn. Amcen. iii, 19. 
 
 3. PURPUREA, Pers. Syn. ii, 329. A weed, shrubby erect, much- 
 branched ; leaves pinnated ; leaflets cuneate oblong ; racemes leaf- 
 opposed, peduncled, longer than the leaves ; legumes slightly com- 
 pressed, spreading, linear-falcate, obtuse, with a short point. DC. 
 Prod. 2, 251. Common. Syn. T lancsefolia, Link. Enum. ii, 252 ; 
 Galega purpurea, Linn. sp. 1063 ; Roxb. Fl Ind. iii, 386 ; Galega 
 lancaefolia, Roxb. loc. cit. 386 ; G colonila and sericea, Ham. in 
 Linn. Trans, xiii, 545. 
 
 4. TENUIS, Wall, list 5970. Annual, diffuse ; stems filiform 
 strigose, ascending; leaves simple linear or narrow elliptic mucronate, 
 3-nerved ; peduncles axillary, solitary or twin, shorter than the 
 leaf, 1 -flowered ; corolla with long claws to the petals ; legumes com- 
 pressed, linear straight, margins thickened, valves cohering between 
 the seeds, 7 to 8-seeded. The Concans ; flowers in August. Syn. 
 Macronyx strigosus, Dalz. in Hook. Jour. Bot. ii, p 35. 
 
 II. LOTE.E. 
 1. WISTERIA, Nutt. 
 
 1. RACEMOSA, Dalz. Mss. A large climbing shrub ; leaves 
 alternate, unequally pinnate ; leaflets 6 to 8 pair, oval acute, entire, 
 smooth, 2 inches long, 1 broad; racemes axillary, erect, many-flower- 
 ed ; flowers large, rose-coloured ; legumes straight, pendulous, very 
 protuberant at the seeds, and flatly compressed between them ; 
 seeds 5 to 6, oblong, white. Near Belgaum. Syn. Robinia 
 racemosa, Roxb. Fl Ind. iii, 329; Tephrosia racemosa, W. and A. 
 Prod. 210. 
 
 2. W PALLIDA, Dalz. Mss. A large climbing shrub ; leaflets 
 about 5 pair and an odd one, ovate or ovate-oblong acute, with 
 waved margins ; stipules subulate ; racemes axillary, solitary, long, 
 slender, from the axils of the uppermost young undeveloped leaves; 
 flowers small, pale-yellow, crowded; legumes straight, linear 
 narrow, about 5 inches long and half inch broad, very protuberant 
 at the seeds, compressed flat all around and between them ; seeds 
 
62 
 
 4 to 5, distant. In the Bangs ; very rare. Wassoorna forest, 
 Dr. Gibson. This is, perhaps, the Robinia ferruginea of Roxb. 
 Fl Ind. iii, 329. 
 
 2. SESBANIA, Pers. 
 
 1. ACULEATA, Pers. Syn. ii, 316. Herbaceous, annual, erect, 
 sparingly branched, glabrous ; leaves abruptly pinnated ; leaflets 
 20 to 40 pair, linear obtuse mucronate ; racemes axillary peduncled 
 lax, few-flowered ; flowers pretty large, on slender pedicels ; legumes 
 nearly terete, long, sharp-pointed. Very common. Syn. Aeschy- 
 nomene opinulosa, Roxb. Fl Ind. iii; 333; Ae. cannabina Roxb. 
 loc. cit. 335; Ae. bispinosa, Jacq. Ic. rar. 3, t. 564; Coronilla 
 aculeata, Willd. sp. iii, p 1147. 
 
 2. PROCUMBENS, W. and A. Prod. 215. Annual, diffuse, armed 
 with inoffensive prickles ; leaflets minute, 20 pair ; peduncles 
 axillary, short, 2 to 3-flowered ; legumes linear erect cuspidate. 
 Very common. Syn. Aeschynomene procumbens, Roxb. Fl Ind. 
 iii, 337. 
 
 III. HEDYSARE.E. 
 1. GEISSASPIS,W. and A. 
 
 1. CRISTATA, W. and A. Prod. 21 8. Procumbent herbaceous 
 plant ; leaves equally pinnated ; leaflets 2 pair, cuneate obovate, 
 retuse, dotted ; racemes axillary and terminal, on longish peduncles ; 
 bracteas large, orbicular, margins ciliated bristly ; flowers solitary 
 in each bractea, small, orange-coloured ; legume 1 to 2-jointed, 
 tumid in the middle, thin at the margins. Very common in pas- 
 ture lands. 
 
 2. ZORNIA, Gmelin. 
 
 1. ANGUSTIFOLIA, Smith in Ree's Cycl. Annual diffuse ; 
 leaflets 2, oblong or lanceolate mucronate, bracteas sagittate ovate 
 acute ciliated, pellucid dotted ; legumes 2 to 5-jointed, pubescent, 
 prickly. Very common. DC. Prod. 2, 31 6; Syn. Hedysarum 
 diphyllum and Linn. ; Roxb. Fl Ind. iii, 353. 
 
 2. ZEYLONENSIS, Pers. Syn. ii, 318. Leaflets 2, oblong or ovate 
 mucronate ; bracteas sagittate ovate acute, opaque dotted ; legumes 
 2 to 3 times the length of the bracteas, prickly, glochidiate. Very 
 common. DC. Prod. 2, 317 ; Syn. Z zeylanica, Spr. syst. iii, 311; 
 Hedysarum conjugation, Willd sp. iii, 1 178. 
 
 3. AESCHYNOMENE, Linn. 
 
 1. INDICA, Linn. sp. 1061. Annual procumbent; branches 
 slender, humifuse ; leaflets 15 to 20 pair, linear obtuse; peduncles 
 
63 
 
 axillary, slender, few-flowered ; flowers pale-yellow ; legumes long- 
 stalked, 6 to 10-jointed, warty when ripe. Common about Surat. 
 Syn. Hedysarum nalitali, Roxb. Fl Ind. iii, 365; Rheede Mai. ix, 
 t. 18 ; Ae. pumila, Linn. sp. 1061 ; DC. Prod. 2, 321 ; Ae. diffusa, 
 Willd. sp. p 1164. 
 
 NOTE. Aeschynomene aspera, Linn., is the Sola of Bengal, from which 
 sun-hats are manufactured. 
 
 4. SMITHIA, Aiton. 
 
 1. S HIRSUTA, Dalz. in Hook. Jour. Bot. iii, p 135. Annual 
 erect 1 % foot high, stem and branches hirsute, with spreading yellow 
 hairs ; leaflets 3 to 4 pair, obovate cuneate, unequal-sided, ciliate 
 on the margin ; flowers between capitate and racemose ; peduncles 
 longer than the leaf, 10-flowered; calyx sparingly covered with 
 long hairs, upper segment cuneate truncate emarginate, lower 
 cuneate obovate entire flowers yellow. Foonda Ghaut ; flowers in 
 September. 
 
 2. SENSITJVA, Ait. Hort. Kew. iii, 496. Leaves 3 to 6 pair, 
 oval obtuse, glabrous, with ciliated margins and midrib ; flowers 
 forming a sessile or ped uncled short raceme ; calyx segments 
 striated oblong lanceolate, upper entire, lower sometimes 3-toothed 
 at the apex ; legume 4 to 6-jointed, vvarted. It is var. with the 
 racemes sessile 2-flowered ; that is common. The S geminiflora of 
 Roth. nov. sp. p 352 ; DC. Prod. 2, 323 ; Roxb. Fl Ind. iii, 342. 
 Eaten as a pot-herb. Smithia conferta, Sm. DC. Prod. 2, 323. 
 
 3. RACEMOSA, Heyne in Wall, list No. 5670. Leaflets cuneate 
 oblong retuse, bristly on the margin ; flowers forming a peduncled 
 short raceme; pedicels and calyx glandular and hairy, upper lip of 
 calyx broad truncated, slightly emarginate, lower shortly 3-cleft ; 
 legume 4-jointed, slightly warted. Near Belgaum. 
 
 4. CAPITATA, Dalz. in Hook Jour. Bot. iii, p 208. (non Desv.) 
 Stem glabrous branched ; leaflets 9 to 1 5 pair, linear oblong 
 obtuse ciliated, common petiole hispid; stipules adnate ovate 
 lanceolate, terminated by a bristle ; flowers in a spherical head, 
 numerous, terminal; peduncles glabrous, shorter than the leaf; 
 bracts obovate lanceolate as long as the calyx ; calyx glabrous, 
 reticulately veined, the lips rounded undivided-toothed, the teeth 
 long and bristly; legumes smooth, joints 6 to 7. Parvvar Ghaut; 
 flowers in October. 
 
 5. SETULOSA, Dalz. loc. cit. 3 to 4 feet high ; stem dichoto- 
 mously branched, hispid, with small bristles ; leaflets 5 to 7 pair, 
 linear oblong obtuse, glabrous, ciliated on the margin ; common 
 petiole hispid ; stipules adnate, with a long bristly acumination ; 
 flowers in a terminal leafless panicle ; calyx striated, the lips quite 
 
64 
 
 entire, minutely ciliated, very unequal, upper larger, round, lower 
 oblong acute; legume prominently reticulated, with 10 to 12 joints. 
 Found along with the preceding. 
 
 6. BIGEMINA, Dalz. loc. cit. One foot high, branched from 
 the base ; branches filiform hirsute, with bulbous spreading hairs ; 
 leaflets 2 pair, obovate cuneate, ciliated on the margin, terminated 
 by a bristle ; racemes axillary, peduncled, few-flowered ; calyx 
 scariose, with longitudinal dichotomous veins, upper lip cuneate 
 emarginate mucronate, lower 3-lobed, lateral lobes obtuse, middle 
 one longer, acuminated ; legume coarsely tubercled, joints 7. 
 Parwar Ghaut. 
 
 7. PURPUREA, Bot. Mag. t. 4283. Stem glabrous, erect- 
 branched ; leaflets oblong, with long points, ciliated ; stipules adnate 
 ovate, terminated by a bristle ; racemes terminal and lateral ; 
 peduncles bristly, as long as the leaf; bracts ovate; lips of the 
 calyx entire striated ciliated ; flowers purple, with a white spot on 
 the vexillum and wings. Bombay Presidency; discovered by Mr. 
 Law. 
 
 8. BLANDA, Wall. Cat. 5669, Wight and Arn. Prod. Racemes 
 glandular and hairy ; upper lip of calyx broad emarginate truncated, 
 lower 3-lobed ; leaflets cuneate oblong, middle nerve without 
 bristles ; racemes elongated ; legume reticulately nerved, not 
 tubercled or warty. At Belgaum. 
 
 5. ALYSICARPUS, Necker. 
 
 1. NUMMULARIFOLIUS, DC. Prod. 2, 353. Procumbent, 
 diffuse branched; leaves oval-obtuse, cordate at the base; racemes 
 short ; flowers approximated ; legume several times longer than 
 the calyx, almost cylindrical. Very common. Syn. Hedysarum 
 nummularifolium, Willd. sp. iii, 1173; H cylindricum, Poir. 
 Encyc. Meth. v, 400. 
 
 2. VAGINALIS, DC. loc. cit. 353. SufTruticose diffuse ; leaves 
 from oval-obtuse and cordate, to cordate-lanceolate and linear ; 
 racemes terminal elongated ; calyx 5-cleft, strongly nerved ; legume 
 3 to 6-jointed, several times longer than the calyx, slightly con- 
 tracted between the joints ; joints a little inflated reticulated, pube- 
 scent ; flowers bright-red. Common in pastures. Syn. Hedysarum 
 vaginale, Linn. sp. 1051 ; Roxb. Fl Ind. iii, 345 ; H varium, Roth, 
 nov. sp. p 354; H bupleurifolius, Roxb. Fl Ind. iii, 346. Found 
 at Surat only ; roots covered with minute round tubes like warts. 
 
 3. BUPLEURIFOLIUS, DC. Prod. 2, 352. Diffuse, glabrous; 
 leaves linear-lanceolate ; racemes terminal, few-flowered ; flowers in 
 distant pairs, small, pale, inconspicuous ; calyx deeply 4-cleft ; 
 legumes glabrous, 3 to 5-jointed, scarcely contracted between 
 
 
65 
 
 the joints, as long, or twice as long, as the calyx. Common. Syn. 
 Hedysarum bupleurifolium, Linn. sp. 1081 ; H graminium, Retz. 
 obs. 5, p 26 ; Roxb. Fl Ind. iii, 346. 
 
 4. LONGIFOLIUS, W. and A. Prod. 1, 233. Herbaceous, 
 erect-branched; stems round, glabrous; leaves shortly-petioled, 
 linear lanceolate, rather obtuse, scarcely cordate at the base, 
 glabrous above, puberulous beneath ; stipules large, longer than 
 the petiole ; racemes spiked, very long ; pedicels short approx- 
 imated ; calyx 4-divided to near the base, segments erect, oblong, 
 striated, hairy ciliated, upper shortly bifid ; legume scarcely 
 constricted between the seeds, reticulated, pubescent, 5 to 6-seeded, 
 twice as long as the calyx. Wight Ic. t. 251 ; Hedysarum 
 longifol, Rottl. in Spr. syst. iii, 317. Roots like Liquorice. 
 
 5. STYRACIFOLICS, DC. Prod. 2, 353. Branches diffuse, hairy ; 
 leaves from cordate oval to linear lanceolate, a little hirsute beneath ; 
 racemes terminal or leaf-opposed, short, dense, hairy ; legume 
 glabrous, 2 to 4-jointed, much contracted between the joints, 
 scarcely longer than the calyx. At Surat. A cylindracens, Desv. 
 in Ann. Soc. Nat. ix, 417 ; Hedysarum scariosum, Spr. loc. cit. 
 
 6. BELGAUMENSIS, Law in Wight's Ic. t. 92. Leaves trifo- 
 liolate ; leaflets linear oblong, terminal one much the largest ; calyx 
 deeply 4-cleft, upper segment bifid ; joints of the legume compressed 
 irregularly, reticulated, pubescent. Ram Ghaut, Belgaum ; flowers 
 in September. 
 
 7. PUBESCENS, Law in Wight's Ic. t. 250. Herbaceous, erect, 
 stems round, hairy ; leaves simple short-petioled linear lanceolate 
 acute, 3-nerved, glabrous above, pubescent beneath ; racemes 
 terminal spicate ; flowers subsessile; calyx 4 -parted to the base, 
 clothed with long silky hairs ; legumes terete, much-contracted 
 between the seeds. Belgaum ; common. 
 
 8. PARVIFLORUS, Dalz. in Hook. Jour. Bot. iii, 211. Herba- 
 ceous, erect ; stem branched, glabrous at the base, covered with 
 spreading hairs in the upper part; leaves simple and trifoliolate, 
 oblong-elliptic mucronate, somewhat cordate at the base, strigose 
 beneath ; stipules shorter than the petioles ; calyx almost 5-divided, 
 segments subulate ; legume half necklace-shaped, reticulated, twice 
 as long as the calyx, 5 to 6-seeded. Phoonda Ghaut ; flowers and 
 fruit in November. 
 
 6. URARIA, Desv. 
 
 1. PICTA, Desv. Jour. Bot. iii, 122. Erect, young parts clothed 
 
 with hooked hairs; leaves simple and pinnated, simple ones oblong 
 
 ovate, compound ones with 2 to 4 pair leaflets, which are linear 
 
 lanceolate obtuse ; racemes terminal long, spike-like, rigid ; legume 
 
 9c 
 
66 
 
 3 to 6-jointed, curled inwards. Near Penn. Beautifully figured 
 in Jacquin Ic. rar. t. 567. 
 
 7. DESMODIUM, Desv. 
 
 1. UMBELLATUM, DC. Prod. 2, 325. A shrub ; leaves trifolio- 
 late; leaflets oval obtuse, whitish, pubescent beneath; flowers 10 
 to 12, white, somewhat umbellate, legumes 3 to 4-jointed, thick 
 margined. South-east of Surat ; near Belgaum, Law. 
 
 2. CONGESTITM, Wall, list 5723 ; W'. and A. Prod. 224. 
 Shrubby ; leaves trifoliolate ; leaflets oblong lanceolate ; stipules 
 lanceolate acuminated; peduncles axillary, solitary, very short; 
 flowers numerous, umbellate, white; legumes compressed, slightly 
 pubescent, 4 to 6-jointed. Island of Caranjah, and other places ; 
 pretty common. Syn. Hedysarum umbellatum, Roxb. Fl. Ind. 
 iii, 360. 
 
 3. TRIQUETRUM, DC. Prod. 2, 326. Erect-branched ; branches 
 triangular ; leaves simple cordate, ovate or linear oblong acuminated ; 
 petioles winged ; racemes axillary and terminal, many-flowered ; 
 legumes hairy, 5 to 8-jointed, straight on one side, crenated on the 
 other ; flowers small, violet-coloured. Very common. Hedysarum 
 triquetrum, Linn. sp. p 1052; H alatum, Roxb. Fl Ind. iii, 348. 
 
 4. LATIFOLIUM, DC. Prod. 2, 327. Shrubby; branches terete, 
 spreading ; leaves simple, broadly cordate or ovate, repand-crenated, 
 pubescent above, tomentose beneath ; racemes axillary and terminal ; 
 flowers numerous, violet ; legumes densely clothed with hooked 
 hairs, 4 to 5-jointed, crenated on one side, notched to the middle 
 on the other. Meera hills near Penn, and other hilly places in the 
 Concan. Syn. Hedysarum latifolium, Roxb. Fl Ind. iii, 350; 
 Roth nov. sp. 355. 
 
 5. GANGETICUM, DC. Prod. 2, 327. Stems irregularly angled, 
 with rigid white hairs ; leaves simple ovate cordate at the base ; 
 racemes axillary and terminal, very long, lax ; legume 6 to 8-jointed, 
 hispidly puberulous, straightish on one side, deeply notched on the 
 other ; joints semiorbicular ; flowers violet-coloured. Near Penn, 
 Malabar hill, &c. Syn. D maculatum, DC. loc. cit. ; Hedysarum 
 gangeticum, Linn. sp. PI p 1052 ; Roxb. Fl Ind. iii, 348 ; H col- 
 linum, Roxb. Fl Ind. iii, 348 ; D maculatum, Linn. sp. 1051. 
 
 6. POLYCARPUM, DC. Prod. 2,334. Suffruticose, procumbent, 
 often rooting at the joints; leaves trifoliolate; leaflets oval or 
 obovate retuse, lateral leaflets smaller ; petiole slightly margined ; 
 racemes axillary and terminal, many-flowered, strobiliform before 
 expansion ; legumes ercet, hispid, 5 to 6-jointed, straight on one 
 margin, notched into the middle on the other. Hills north-east 
 of Penn ; Ram Ghaut, Law. Syn. D heterocarpum, DC. loc. cit. ; 
 
67 
 
 D capita turn, DC. loc. cit. ; D angulatura, DC. loc. cit. ; Hedy- 
 sarum purpureum, Roxb. Fl Ind. iii, 228. 
 
 7. RENIFOBME, DC. Prod. 2, 327. Procumbent, diffuse ; 
 branches filiform ; leaves simple-petioled, roundish reniform, glab- 
 rous on both sides ; flowers axillary and solitary, or in terminal 
 racemes ; legumes 5 to 6-jointed, even on one side, notched on 
 the other. Common in subalpine jungles. Syn. Hedysarum 
 reni forme, Linn. sp. PI 1051. 
 
 8. TRIFLORUM, DC. Prod. 2. Procumbent; leaves trifoliolate ; 
 leaflets orbicular obovate or obcordate ; peduncles axillary, solitary 
 or fascicled, 1 to 3-flowered ; legume hispidly pubescent, 3 to 6- 
 jointed, even on one side, notched to the middle on the other. 
 Very common. Syn. Hedysarum triflorum, Linn. sp. PI 1057; 
 D heterophyllum, DC. Prod. 2, 334; H reptans, Roxb. Fl 
 Ind. iii, 354; Sagotia triflora, Derch. and Walp, Linn, xxiii, 738. 
 
 8. ALHAGI, Tourn. 
 
 1. MAURORUM, Lour. DC. Prod. 3, 352. A small shrub; 
 leaves obovate oblong, glabrous ; peduncles axillary ; spinescent ; 
 flowers few, reddish, in racemes on the peduncles ; legume stalked, 
 terete, few-seeded, contracted here and there irregularly. In 
 Guzerat, very common; Southern Maratha Country, Law; Deccan, 
 rare. The camel thorn ; much in use as a material for tatties in the 
 hot weather. 
 
 9. TAVERNIERA. 
 
 1. CUNEIFOLIA. A shrub 2 to 3 feet high, branched from the 
 base, twiggy, glaucous ; leaves simple and trifoliolate, oval or 
 obovate, smooth, dotted on the upper surface ; flowers on short 
 racemes ; axillary 3 to 5 together, pink ; legume notched on both 
 sides, 2-seeded, covered with soft bristles. Near Gogo, in Kattywar ; 
 plentiful ; Deccan, waste places. Syn. Hedysarum gibsonii, 
 Graham, in Cat. Bomb PI. The root is sweet, hence the Maratha 
 name " Jetimud," which is also the name of Liquorice. 
 
 10. PUERAR1A, DC. 
 
 1. TUBEROSA, DC. Prod. 2, 240. Root an immense tuber ; 
 stem twining ; leaves trifoliolate ; leaflets large, roundish, beneath 
 silky villous ; stipules cordate ; racemes simple and branched, as 
 long as the leaves ; flowers of a beautiful blue ; legumes very hairy, 
 linear-pointed, 2 to 6-seeded, much contracted between the seeds. 
 On Caranjah hill, and other places; pretty common. The bruised 
 root is used as a cataplasm to reduce swelling of the joints, 
 Roxb.; Syn. Hedysarum tuberosum, Roxb. Fl Ind. iii, 363. 
 
63 
 
 11. CLITORIA, Linn. 
 
 1. TERNATEA, Linn. DC. Prod. 2, 233. Herbaceous plant ; 
 stem twining, leaves unequally pinnated ; leaflets 2 to 3 pair, oval 
 or ovate ; peduncles short, axillary, solitary, one-flowered ; legume 
 linear compressed, straight, many-seeded; flowers large, blue. 
 Very common in hedges. Iloxb. Fl Ind. iii, 321 ; Rheede Mai. 
 viii, t. 38 ; Paxton Mag. Eot. vii, 147, cum icone. 
 
 2. BIFLORA, Dalz. in Hook. Jour. Bot. iii, p 34. Herbaceous, 
 erect ; stem striated with lines of hair ; leaflets ovate or lanceolate 
 acute, strigose beneath ; stipules general and partial setaceous ; 
 peduncles very short, 2-flowered ; bracts small lanceolate acumi- 
 nate, bracteoles large ovate acuminate ; calyx tubular, hairy, the 
 teeth with bristly points; ovary silky ; flowers blue, half the size 
 of those of C ternatea. Concan ; common. Fort Sewnere. 
 
 12. GLYCINE, Linn. 
 
 1 . LABIALIS, Linn, suppl. p 325. Twining, stems slightly hairy; 
 leaflets ovate oblong, slightly coriaceous, upperside glabrous and 
 shining, under pale-green, sparingly hairy; stamens monadelphous ; 
 calyx with short adpressed whitish hairs ; legumes with adpressed 
 pubescence sharp-pointed, point bent up and rigid, upper lip of 
 calyx bifid. Syn. G debilis Ait, DC. Prod. ; G parviflora, Lam. 
 in DC. loc. cit. ; Teramnus labialis, Spr. syst. iii, 235; T parviflorus, 
 Spr. loc. cit. 
 
 2. WARREENSIS, Dalz. in Hook. Jour. Bot. iii, 211. Stamens 
 diadelphous ; leaflets ovate oblong, rather membranaceous, glabrous 
 above, strigose beneath, lateral leaflets unequal-sided ; racemes 
 compound, 2 to 3 times longer than the leaf, many-flowered ; flowers 
 approximated ; legume transversely veined, covered with adpressed 
 white hairs; 6-seeded; seeds distant; calyx strongly nerved, upper 
 lip entire. In Warree ; flowers in the cold season. 
 
 3. PENTAPHYLLA, Dalz. in Hook. Jour. Bot. iv, p 334. Stem 
 round, twining, strigose ; leaflets 2 pair, with an odd one, lanceolate 
 mucronate, strigose on both sides ; flowers axillary, interruptedly 
 spicate ; spikes straight, rigid, solitary or twin, shorter than the leaf; 
 legume much compressed, linear acute, terminated by a straight 
 short mucro, many-celled, 1 1 inch long, 4 lines broad, thickened 
 on the sutures. In the Warree country ; flowers in the 
 cold season. 
 
 13. SH UTERI A, W. and A. 
 
 1. VESTITA, \V. and A. Prod. 207. Herbaceous, twining; 
 leaves pinnately trifoliolate, lateral leaflets ovate, terminal rhom- 
 

69 
 
 boidal ; racemes axillary, shorter than the leaves, many-flowered ; 
 flowers 2 or more from each bractea ; calyx very hairy ; legume 
 linear compressed, continuous ; 5 to 6-seeded, with cellular partitions 
 between the seeds. Between Parwar Ghaut and Tullawaree. Syn. 
 Glycine vestita, Graham in Wall list ; Wight Ic. t. 162. 
 
 14. GALACTIA, P. Browne. 
 
 1. SIMPLICIFOLIA, Dalz. in Hook. Jour. Bot. iii, p 209. Stem 
 creeping, filiform, hispid, with brown hairs pointing backwards ; 
 leaves simple-petioled ovate ; stipules adnate nerved acute, partial 
 stipules at the apex of the petiole setaceous ; flowers axillary and 
 terminal, racemose fascicled, purple ; racemes shorter than the leaf; 
 legume covered with brown hairs, linear, slightly compressed, many- 
 celied ; seeds orbicular, compressed. Near Tullawaree ; flowers 
 in October. At Hurrychunder. 
 
 15. JOHNIA, W. and A. 
 
 1. J CONGESTA, Dalz. Mss. Stems filiform, twining, clothed 
 with fine white soft reflexed hairs ; leaves trifoliolate ; leaflets small, 
 broad ovate, very acute, 1 1 inch long ; stipules oblong acute, 
 strongly 4-nerved, fixedly a broad base, 2 lines long ; peduncles- 
 axillary, solitary, not longer than the stipules, 2 to 3-flowered ; 
 legumes reflexed, compressed flat, linear, slightly falcate-pointed 
 with the remains of the style, puberulous, 5 to 6-seeded ; valves 
 united between the seeds. Sewnere hill-fort. 
 
 16. CANAVALIA, Adans. 
 
 1. VIROSA, W. and A. Prod. 253. Biennial, twining, trifo- 
 liolate ; leaflets oval or ovate ; flowers rather large, of a beautiful 
 rose-colour, racemose, subsecund ; legumes large (6 inches), 
 3-keeled on the upper suture, 6 to 8-seeded. W. and A. say that 
 they have never found diadelphous stamens in this genus ; they are 
 certainly so in this plant, as asserted by Roxburgh and DeCandolle. 
 Called " Gowara" by the natives, who recognise two kinds, one 
 bitter, the other sweet. The latter is probably the cultivated 
 species C gladiata. Syn. Dolichos virosus, Roxb. Fl Ind. iii, 301. 
 Common in hedges. 
 
 2. STOCKSII, Dalz. Mss. Scandent, very long ; stem round, 
 smooth, common ; petioles 3 to 8 inches long, channelled on the 
 upper surface, and swelled at the base; stipules linear-obtuse from a 
 broad base, nearly half inch long; lateral leaflets broad oval, nearly 
 orbicular, 3-nerved, with a short sudden acumination, rather unequal- 
 sided, 5 inches long, 4 inches broad, smooth on both sides, rather 
 
70 
 
 mernbranaceous ; terminal leaflet cuneate towards the base ; flowers 
 of a beautiful bluish-purple, 1 1 inch long, several on the apex 
 of a very long naked, sharply-angular peduncle (12 to 15 inches) ; 
 upper lip of calyx minutely bidentate, lower lip trifid, teeth 
 triangular, middle one longest. Budgee hill in Braminwara range, 
 Deccan ; very rare. 
 
 17. MUCUNA, Adans. 
 
 1. MONOSPERMA, DC. Prod. 2, 406. Perennial; leaflets ovate 
 pubescent when young ; racemes corymbiform, drooping ; legume 
 semioval, obliquely plaited, one-seeded, and covered with stiff 
 ferruginous burning hairs; seed kidney-shaped, with a large hilura. 
 Common in the hilly jungles; Ram Ghaut; flowers in December. 
 Syn. Carpogogon monospermum, Roxb. Fl Ind. iii, 283. 
 
 2. PRURITA, Hook, in Bot. Misc. ii, 308. Annual ; branches 
 hairy ; leaflets ovate, sprinkled with silvery hairs beneath ; racemes 
 peduncled, drooping; legume shaped like the letter S, armed with 
 tawny stinging hairs. Cowitch, used to kill intestinal worms, which 
 they do by mechanical action. Very common in hedges. Syn. 
 Dolichos pruriens, Roxb. in E. I. C. Mus. t. 284; Carpogogon 
 pruriens, Roxb. Fl Ind. iii, 283 ; Stizolobium pruriens, Spr. syst. 
 iii, 252; Rheed. Mai. viii, t. 35; Rumph. A nib. v, f. 142; 
 Hook. Bot. Misc. ii, Suppl. t. 3. 
 
 18. ERYTHRINA, Linn. 
 
 1. INDICA, Lam. Encyc. Meth. ii, 391. (a) Arboreous ; trunk 
 armed with black prickles ; leaves pinnately trifoliolate ; leaflets 
 glabrous, entire, the terminal one broadly cordate ; racemes ter- 
 minal, horizontal; flowers bright-scarlet, appear in March ; legume 
 long, torulose, 6 to 8-seeded, blackish ; seeds largish, dark-red. DC. 
 Prod. 2, p 412 ; W. and A. Prod. 260 ; Roxb. Fl Ind. iii, 249; E 
 corallodendron B, Linn. sp. 992. Employed as a support for the 
 black-pepper plant, also for vines. A very common tree. \Vight 
 Ic. t. 58. Native name " Pangara ; " wood used for sword-sheaths. 
 
 2. STRICTA, Roxb. Fl Ind. iii, p 251. Arboreous, armed with 
 numerous white prickles ; leaflets glabrous entire, terminal one re- 
 niform, cordate-pointed ; racemes terminal, horizontal ; flowers large, 
 bright-scarlet; legume lanceolar-pointed, smooth, light-brown; 
 seeds 2 to 3, oval and smooth. A new genus (Micropteryx) has 
 been proposed for this, and the following by Walpers in the Linn, 
 xxii, 740. Elephanta ; the Ghauts, Graham ; Southern Concan ; 
 pretty common. 
 
 3. SUBEROSA, Roxb. Fl Ind. iii, 253. Arboreous, bark corky ; 
 leaflets white, with down beneath, terminal one rhomboid and 
 
71 
 
 acuminated ; racemes axillary or sometimes terminal ; flowers as in 
 E indica, but smaller ; legume 2 to 3-seeded ; seeds remote. Mawul 
 districts, east of the Ghauts ; Guzerat, Dr. Gibson ; Khandeish 
 Auld. The wood of these three species is soft and worthless. 
 
 19. BUTE A, Roxb. 
 
 1. FRONDOSA, Roxb. Fl Ind. iii, 244. Arboreous ; leaves 
 pinnately trifoliolate ; leaflets large, roundish-ovate, coriaceous, 
 entire, slightly hoary beneath ; racemes terminal and axillary, rigid, 
 covered with greenish velvetty tomentum ; flowers very large, 
 orange-red, silky, appear in February ; legume linear, thin, downy, 
 with one seed within its apex. Pretty common throughout the 
 Presidency. Native name " Pullus Kakria." In Guzerat. This 
 tree yields a beautiful ruby-coloured astringent resin called gum 
 Butea, used for precipitating indigo ; the flowers are used as a dye. 
 Wight, in Hook. Bot. Misc. iii, 102; Suppl. t. 32. 
 
 2. PARVIFLORA, Roxb. Fl Ind. iii, 248. A large woody 
 climbing shrub; panicles axillary and terminal ; flowers small, white, 
 appear in November ; lateral leaflets obliquely oblong, terminal 
 round obovate ; legume broad linear flat, covered with brown- 
 velvetty down ; seed large, thin, reniform. Meera hills, near Penn, 
 and other hilly places south of Panwell. Native name " Phulsun." 
 
 3. SUPERBA, Roxb. Fl Ind. iii, 247. Shrubby, twining; racemes 
 simple lax ; pedicels twice the length of calyx ; calyx segments 
 shortish-acuminate ; corol 4 to 5 times longer than calyx ; vexillum 
 ovate acute. Native name " Pullus Wail." This takes the place of 
 Parviflora in the Northern Concan. 
 
 20. PHASEOLUS, Linn. 
 
 1. TRINERVIUS, Heyne, in Wall, list No. 5603 ; W. and A. 
 Prod. 245. Twining, branches and petioles covered with- long- 
 spreading or deflexed hairs ; leaflets ovate acuminated, sometimes 
 lobed at the base ; peduncles much longer than the leaves ; flowers 
 yellow, forming a kind of cylindrical head ; legumes horizontal 
 cylindrical, hairy. Very common. 
 
 2. TRILOBUS, Ait. Roth. nov. sp. 344. Procumbent, diffuse ; 
 petioles elongated ; leaflets roundish entire, or 3-lobed ; peduncles 
 much elongated, ascending ; flowers few, small, somewhat capitate, 
 yellow ; legumes cylindrical, smooth or slightly hairy, 6-seeded. Very 
 common on the roadsides and borders of cultivated fields. Roxb. 
 Fl Ind. iii, 298; Syn. Glycine triloba, Linn. Maut. 516; Dolichos 
 trilobus, Linn. Maut. i, 101 ; D stijmlaceus, Lam. Encyc. Meth. 
 ii, p 300 ; P trilobus, Willd. sp. iii, 1035. Native name 
 " Arkmutt." 
 
72 
 
 3. SEPIARIUS, Dalz. in Hook. Jour. Bot. ii, p 33. Glabrous, 
 twining; leaflets somewhat membranaceous, broadly ovate acu- 
 minate mucronate, 3-nerved at the base, lateral leaflets unequal- 
 sided ; stipules adnate, ovate lanceolate ; peduncles about twice the 
 length of the leaf; flowers between racemose and capitate; divisions 
 of the calyx subulate, 3-nerved, upper lip deeply bidentate; flowers 
 large, rose-coloured ; legume round straight, many-seeded, covered 
 with brown shining hairs ; root tuberous. Very common in the 
 Northern Concan; flowers in September. 
 
 4. SETULOSUS, Dalz. in Hook. Jour. Bot. ii, p 33. Twining, 
 all covered with reddish-brown scattered bristles pointing back- 
 ward; leaflets glabrous herbaceous, rhomb-ovate, scarcely acute, 
 ciliated on the margin ; lateral leaflets unequal ; stipules adnate, 
 ovate obtuse ciliated, many-nerved ; calyx glabrous campanulate, 
 upper lip truncated, lower shortly 3-toothed, the teeth obtuse; flowers 
 yellow ; legume straight round, slender, rough, with minute bristles 
 2 inches long; seeds cylindric, 10 to 12. Malwan ; flowers in 
 September. 
 
 5. PAUCIFLORUS, Dalz. in Hook. Jour. Bot. iii, p 209. Twining ; 
 root fibrous ; stem striated filiform, slightly hispid, with white 
 hairs pointing backwards ; leaves membranaceous, rhomb-ovate 
 acuminate, as long as the petiole ; stipules lanceolate-acute, 
 adnate below the middle ; peduncles shorter than the petiole, 
 flowers 2 to 3, terminating the peduncles ; flowers small, yellow ; 
 legume round, straight, 2 inches long, quite smooth ; 9 to 10 seeded, 
 seeds cylindrical truncate at both ends. Southern Concan; 
 common. 
 
 6. C GRANDIS, Dalz. Erect, 4 to 5 feet high ; stem herbaceous, 
 piped as thick as one's finger, 5-angled, sparingly clothed with brown 
 reversed bristly hairs ; leaves pinnately trifoliolate, very large ; 
 stipules very large, foliaceous, adnate, the free part below bilobed ; 
 leaflets sparingly sprinkled on both sides with minute ad pressed 
 bristles, lateral leaflets unsymmetrically bilobed, terminal, deeply 
 3-lobed ; lobes ovate, with a short and sudden blunt acumination ; 
 peduncles axillary, solitary, longer than the leaf, covered with re- 
 flexed bristles, many-flowered at the apex; flowers small for the 
 size of the plant ; pale-yellow, with large oval bracts below the 
 calyx ; legumes cylindric torulose, obtuse at the apex, 3 inches long, 
 as thick as a goose-quill, covered with black adpressed bristles. 
 A very remarkable species on the highest Ghauts east of Bombay. 
 
 21. CAJAMUS, DC. 
 
 1. KULNENSIS, Dalz. in Hook. Jour. Bot. ii, 264. Stem twining 
 filiform, pubescent, with spreading fulvous hairs ; leaves ternatcly 
 
73 
 
 trifoliolate; leaflets rhomboid-ovate, shortly acuminated; roughish 
 above, pubescent and covered with wax-coloured glands beneath ; 
 stipules ovate-acuminated ciliated, stipels setaceous ; racemes 
 axillary, about 6-flowered, as long as the leaf, flowers yellow ; 
 legumes linear oblong, narrow at both ends, clothed with long, soft 
 viscid hairs, 5-seeded, obliquely constricted between the seeds. 
 Near Kulna, in the Warree country. 
 
 2. GCENSIS, Dalz. loc. cit All over villous, with soft yellow 
 hairs; stem twining; leaves pinnately trifoliolate; leaflets ovate 
 rounded, shortly acuminated, with waxy-looking glands beneath ; 
 stipules triangular acuminated ; stipels setaceous ; racemes axillary 
 and terminal, peduncled, many-flowered, 2 or 3 times longer than 
 the leaf. At the base of Chorla Ghaut. 
 
 3. C GLANDULOSUS. Stems round, twining, the whole plant 
 covered with a close, short tomentum, yellowish or whitish ; leaves 
 long-petioled, pinnately trifoliolate; leaflets rhomboid-ovate, the 
 lateral ones acute, all as broad as long, covered on the underside 
 with brown resinous glands ; flowers large, yellow racemed, in pairs ; 
 raceme peduncled, axillary or terminal, solitary, longer than the 
 leaf; pedicels half an inch long, retrofracted in fruit; legume linear, 
 nearly straight hispid, with yellow bristly hairs, pointed, 7 to 8- 
 seeded, obliquely constricted between the seeds ; calyx with the 
 upper lip entire. At Malwan and Wagotun, Southern Concan. 
 
 NOTE. The species of this genus may be known by a sinus near the bottom 
 of the alase. 
 
 22. CANTHAROSPERMUA1, W. and A. 
 
 1. PAUCIFLORUM, W. and A. Prod. 255. Biennial, twining; 
 leaflets obovate rugose; peduncles shorter than the petiole, few- 
 flowered ; flowers small, yellow ; legume linear, softly hairy, 
 transversely constricted between the seeds, 3 to 8-seeded. Very 
 common in the Concan. Syn. Cajanus scarabseoides, Pet. Thouan, 
 Graham in Wall. L. Dolichos scarabaeoides, Linn. sp. 1020; D 
 medicaginens, Roxb. Fl Ind. iii, 315 (as to description and charac- 
 ter) ; Rhyncosia scarabajoides, DC. Prod. 2, 387 ; R biflora, DC. 
 loc. cit; Ltizolobium scarabreoides, Spr. st/st. iii, 253; Roxburgh 
 says the "callosities of the banner are very sharp"; W. and A. that 
 there are no callosities. Roxburgh also says "the calyx has the 
 upper part entire"; W. and A. that it is "split at the apex." 
 Bent hum considers this genus the same with Atylosiaof W. and A. 
 
 23. LEUCODICTYON, Dalz. 
 
 1. MALVENSIS, Walp. Dalz. in Hook. Jour. Bot. ii, p 264. A 
 twining plant; stems several, filiform, from a woody root; leaves 
 lOc 
 
74 
 
 pinnately trifoliolate ; leaflets linear-oblong obtusc-mucronulate, 
 reticulated with white veins ; flowers axillary, on a short peduncle, 
 soliiary or twin, purple ; legume linear-compressed, mucronate, 4 to 
 5-seeded, obliquely constricted between the seeds. Climbing on 
 the stems of grasses, in rocky ground in the Mai wan district. 
 
 24. ATYLOSIA, W. and A. 
 
 1. LAWII, Wight Ic. t. 93. Shrubby, erect, tomentose ; leaflets 
 obovate, as long as the petiole ; flowers axillary, solitary; peduncles 
 shorter than the petiole ; legumes short, 2-seeded, involved in the 
 persistent corolla, pubescent. The Ghauts ; common. 
 
 25. PSEUDARTIIRIA,. W. and A. 
 
 1. YISCIDA, W. and A. Prod. 209. Diffuse prostrate; leaves 
 tritbliolate ; lateral leaflets obliquely ovate, terminal rhomboid-ovate ; 
 racemes filiform, elongated ; flowers purple, in threes, on longish 
 pedicels; legume continuous membranaceous, veined and covered 
 with hooked hairs, flat linear, round at the apex, 3 to 4-seeded. 
 Common. Syn. Hedysarum viscidum, Linn. syst. PI iii, 506; 
 Roxb. Fl Ind. iii, 356 ; Desmodium viscidum, DC. Prod.2, 336; 
 Glycine viscida, Willd. Pers. Syn. ii, 308 ; Wight Ic. t. 286. 
 
 26. RHYNCOSIA, Lowr. 
 
 1. MEDTCAGINRA, DC. Prod. 2, 386. Twining; leaves trifo- 
 liolate ; leaflets roundish cuneate at the base, underside slightly 
 pubescent, dotted with numerous brownish glands ; racemes few- 
 flowered ; flowers very shortly pedicelled ; calyx segments subulate ; 
 legume pubescent or nearly glabrous, scimitar-shaped, 2-seeded. 
 Very common in the hedges in Guzerat, Deccan. Syn. R rhom- 
 bifolia, DC. loc. cit. ; Dolichos medicagineus, Lam. Encyc. IVleth. 
 ii, 297 ; D scarabreoides, Roxb. Fl Ind. iii. as to character and 
 description; Glycine rhombifolia, Willd. sp. iii, 1065; R crovidia, 
 DC. loc. cit. 
 
 27. CYLISTA, Ait. 
 
 1. SCARIOSA, Ait. Hort. Kew. Hi, 512. A perennial shrubby 
 climber ; leaves trifoliolate ; leaflets oblong or ovate acuminated, 
 downy; racemes axillary short-ped uncled ; segments of calyx very 
 large, thin, scariose, reticulated ; flowers yellow, hid by the calyx ; 
 legumes obliquely oval, downy, enclosed within the calyx, 1 -seeded. 
 Very common in hedges and open jungles, Roxb. Fl Ind iii, 320. 
 
75 
 
 28. CYANOSPERMUM, W. and A. 
 
 1 . TOMENTOSUM, W. and A. Prod. 259. Suffrutescent, twining, 
 tomentose ; leaves trifoliolate ; leaflets broadly ovate, acute ; racemes 
 axillary, simple, short ; flowers yellow ; legume of one or two 
 spherical lobes, about as long as the calyx ; seeds of a beautiful 
 dark-blue, polished, round. Chorla and Parwar Ghauts; rather 
 rare. Syn. Cylistatomentosa, Roxb. Fi Ind. iii, 319 ; Cor. t. 221 ; 
 Wight lllust. t. 81. Belgaum jungles; Ghauts south of Beema- 
 sunker. 
 
 29. FLEMINGIA, Roxb. 
 
 1. CONGESTA, Roxb. Fl Ind. iii, 340. Shrubby, erect, young 
 parts villous ; leaves trifoliolate ; leaflets ovate-lanceolate, pubescent 
 beneath, dotted with numerous black glands ; racemes dense, oblong, 
 shorter than the petiole, almost sessile, aggregated ; flowers nume- 
 rous, striated with orange and purple ; legume the length of the 
 calyx, subreniform, 2-seeded. Warree jungles. Native name 
 " Dowdowla." Syn. Crotalaria macrophylla, Willd. sj>. PI iii, 982 ; 
 Rhyncosia crotalarioides, DC. Prod. 3, 387. 
 
 2. STROBILIFERA, Br. in Ait. Hort. Kew. iv, 350; DC. Prod. 
 2, 351. Shrubby, erect, leaves simple-ovate, dotted with minute 
 glands beneath ; racemes terminal or axillary ; bracteas large, reni- 
 form folded, imbricated in two opposite rows ; flowers pure white, 
 enclosed within the bracteas ; legume of one joint, pubescent, I to 2- 
 seeded. Very common. Syn. Hedysarum strobiliferum, Linn. sp. 
 1053 ; Roxb. Fl Ind. iii, 350 ; Zornia strobilifera, Pers. Syn. ii, 319. 
 
 3. TuBEROSA,Dalz. in Hook. Jour. Bot. ii,p. 34. Root tuberous, 
 branched from the base ; branches prostrate, very long, filiform ; 
 leaves trifoliolate ; leaflets narrow lanceolate acute, lateral leaflets 
 unequal-sided ; stipules linear subulate, cuneate at the base, 
 caducous ; racemes axillary dichotomously panicled, few-flowered, 
 longer than the leaf; flowers twin on the apex of the peduncle ; 
 legume glabrous, as long as the calyx, 2-seeded ; flowers lilac. 
 Malvvan district; flowers in September. 
 
 4. PROCUMBENS, R. Wight Ic. t. 987. Herbaceous, diffuse, 
 procumbent hairy; leaves palmately trifoliolate; middle leaflet 
 obovate, lateral ones ovate, slightly unequal at the base, hairy above, 
 nearly glabrous beneath ; peduncles longer than the leaves ; flowers 
 capitate ; legume shorter than the calyx, usually 1 -seeded. 
 Phoonda Ghaut. The flowers are of a dark, dull purple colour. 
 
 30. PYCNOSPORA, Br. 
 
 - 1. NERVOSA, W. and A. Prod. 197. Suffrutescent, diffuse, 
 branched ; leaves trifoliolate ; leaflets cuneate obovate, paler and 
 
7G 
 
 strongly nerved on the underside ; racemes terminal, many-flowered ; 
 flowers small, purplish ; legumes oblong inflated, one-celled ; seeds 
 numerous. Near Vingorla. The pods are very like those of Crotalaria. 
 
 31. ABKUS, Lirni. 
 
 1. PRECATORIUS, Linn. syst. p 533. Twining ; leaves abruptly 
 pinnated ; leaflets 8 to 20 pair, linear oval-obtuse ; racemes axillary 
 peduncled, nearly as long as the leaves, many-flowered ; flowers 
 rose-coloured ; legumes oblong compressed, 4 to 6-seeded ; seeds 
 called Goonch (Vahl.) by the natives, bright red, polished, with a 
 black spot, used for weighing. Supposed to be narcotic, but this 
 is denied by the author of the flora of Jamaica (Dr. Macfadyen), 
 who says they are only indigestible. The roots possess exactly the 
 properties of the Liquorice roots of the shops. Very common in 
 hedges. Roxb. Fl hid. iii, 258 ; Syn. Glycine abrus, Linn. sp. 1025. 
 
 32. PTEROCARPUS, Linn. 
 
 1. MARSUPIUM, Roxb. Fl Ind. iii, 234. A tree; leaves 
 unequally pinnated ; leaflets 5 to 7 alternate, elliptical emarginate, 
 3 to 5-inches long; panicles terminal, large, flowers numerous, 
 yellowish white ; legume obtuse at the base, surrounded by a waved, 
 downy membranaceous wing, rugose and woody in the centre ; 
 seed solitary. A dark-red gum resin called " Kino" is produced 
 from wounds in the bark. Native name " Bibla." Common in 
 some parts of the Concan ; Parnera hill-fort and Dang jungles. 
 " Honee" is the name in the Southern Maratha Country. 
 
 33. BRACHYPTERUM, W. and A. 
 
 1 . SCAN T DENS, W. and A. Prod. 264. A woody climber ; leaves 
 unequally pinnated ; leaflets 3 to 5 pair, opposite, oblong lanceolate ; 
 panicles axillary, longer than the leaves ; flowers numerous, white ; 
 legume linear lanceolate, 2 to 3-seeded, with a narrow margin 
 along the seminiferous suture. Common throughout the Concan. 
 Syn. Dalbergia scandens, Roxb. Fl Ind. iii, 232; Cor. t. 192; 
 Rheed. Mai. vi, t. 22. 
 
 2. B CANABKNSR, Dalz. Like the last; leaflets 7 to 10 pair; 
 panicles terminal, shorter than the leaf, composed of simple racemes 
 of beautiful pink flowers, which are fascicled in threes on a common 
 peduncle ; ovary hirsute, with 2 to 3 ovules ; legume very flat, oval, 
 or elliptic-pointed at both ends, and winged on both sides, 1 to 1$- 
 inch long. At Garsuppa; in flower in April. A much handsomer 
 species than the preceding. Syn. Pongamia canarensis, Dalz. in 
 Hook. Jour. Bot. ii, p 37. 
 
77 
 
 3. B RODUSTUM. A tree; leaflets 13 to 21, oblong or elliptic- 
 mucronulate ; young ones silky ; racemes simple elongated; flowers 
 fascicled ; ovules 6 to 8 ; legume elongate-lanceolate, with a narrow 
 wing, acute at both ends. Syn. Dalbergia robusta, Roxb. ; Wight 
 Ic. t. 244, We are not acquainted with this, but as it was found 
 in Dr. Stock's herbarium, it must grow in some parts of the 
 Presidency. The inflorescence and flowers resemble those of 
 B scandens. 
 
 34. PONGAMIA, Lam. 
 
 1. G LABI? A, Vent. Malm. t. 28. Arboreous; leaves unequally 
 pinnated ; leaflets opposite, 2 to 3 pair, ovate, sometimes obovate 
 acuminated, glabrous ; racemes axillary, many-flowered, half the 
 length of the leaves ; flowers rose-coloured ; legume oblong, thick, 
 and somewhat woody, 1 to 2-seeded. Very common in the Concan. 
 A middling; sized tree, with light-green foliage like the beech. Oil 
 is extracted from the seeds; DC. Prod. 2, 416; Syn. Galedupa 
 indica, Lam. Encycl. iMeth. ii, 594; Roxb. Fl Ind. iii, 239; 
 Robinia mitis, Linn. sp. 1044 ; Dalbergia arborea, Willd. sp. iii, 901. 
 Native name " Karunj." The oil of the seeds is an excellent 
 remedy in itch or mange. 
 
 35. DERRIS, Lour. 
 
 1 . D ULIGINOSA, DC. Prod. 2, 416. A twining shrub, growing 
 always near the sea ; leaflets 1 to 2 pair, ovate or oblong, bluntly 
 acuminated ; racemes axillary compound elongated ; flowers rose- 
 coloured, appear in March; legume oval or orbicular, thinly coria- 
 ceous, one -seeded, seminiferous suture margined. Very common. 
 Syn. Galedupa uliginosa, Roxb. Fl Ind. iii, 243 ; Robinia uliginosa, 
 Willd. iii, 1 133. This species seems, with great probability, to be a 
 species of Brachypterum ; in habit and in the reticulated winged 
 pod, it comes much nearer to that genus than to the Pon- 
 gamia glabra. 
 
 2. D HEYNEANA, Benth. in PI. Jungh. i, p 252. Glabrous or 
 slightly clothed with rufous tomentum, a woody climber ; leaflets 5 
 to 7, ovate or oval-oblong, obtusely acuminate ; coriaceous ; flowers 
 small, pale-pink, in large graceful drooping panicles ; legume thickish, 
 coriaceous, strongly reticulately veined, linear oblong, 2 to 3-seed- 
 ed, winged all round. We should prefer seeing this species placed 
 in the Brachypterum group, to which it seems naturally to belong. 
 
 36. DALBERGIA, Linn. 
 
 1. LATIFOLTA, Roxb. Fl Ind. iii, 221. A large tree ; leaflets 
 3 to 7, orbicular emarginate ; panicles axillary, branched and 
 
78 
 
 divaricating; flowers small, white, legume lanceolate, thin, brittle, not 
 dehiscing spontaneously, 1 inch broad, 2J long, 1 -seeded. Southern 
 Concan; Southern Maratha Country. This furnishes the well- 
 known black wood so much used for furniture. It sinks in water. 
 
 2. VOLUBILIS, Roxb. Fl Ind. iii, 231. A climbing shrub; 
 leaflets about 5 pair, alternate or nearly opposite, small, oval-obtuse, 
 glabrous; panicles terminal and axillary, large-branched, spreading; 
 flowers very small, numerous, blue ; legume linear oblong-obtuse, 
 membranaceous waved, smooth, 2 to 3 inches long, 1 broad, 1 to 2- 
 seeded. Native name " A lei." Kandalla hills ; throughout the Con- 
 can ; flowers in February and March. 
 
 3. PANICULATA, Roxb. Fl Ind. iii, 227. A tree ; leaflets 5 to 
 6 pair, alternate, obovate-oblong or oval emarginate, glabrous, 1 k 
 inch long ; panicles terminal, leafy, large ; flowers numerous, small, 
 white, tinged with blue; calyx blackish-purple; legume lanceolate, 
 1 to 2-seeded. Common in the Mawul districts above the Ghauts, 
 Dr. Gibson. Native name " Passee." The wood of this tree is 
 white and firm. 
 
 4. OOJEINENSIS, Roxb. Fl Ind. iii, 220. A large tree; leaves 
 ternate ; leaflets subrotund, 4 inches long, 3 broad, with waved 
 margins ; racemes axillary and terminal, rarely compound ; flowers 
 numerous, rather small, of a pale rose-colour, somewhat fragrant ; 
 legume linear oblong-obtuse, veined and villous on the outside; seeds 
 
 I to 3. North Concan; Dang forests, Dr. Gibson. The wood of 
 this tree is highly valued for its toughness, and is used for carriage 
 poles, &c. It is light-coloured, heavy, and close-grained. Native 
 name " Tunuz." This now forms the genus Oujeinia in Hedy- 
 sarese, and ought to be removed from this place. The bark affords 
 a fine Kino, and is used medicinally in bowel-complaints. 
 
 5. SYMPATHETICA, Nimmo in Grah. Cat. p 55. A large 
 scandent shrub, running over high trees ; the trunk is armed with 
 strong, blunt thorns, from 6 to 10 inches long, beautifully and 
 fantastically curved ; leaves pinnate ; leaflets numerous, small, 1 1 
 to 15, obovate-oblong, very obtuse, emarginate; cymes of flowers 
 axillary, dense, shorter than the leaf; legume 1 -seeded, 1 j to 2 inches 
 long, or 3 when 2-seeded. Common in the Concan jungles. 
 
 6. MONOSPERMA, Dalz. in Hook. Jour. Bot. ii, 36. A twining 
 shrub; leaflets 5, alternate, obovate or cuneate-oval, mucronulate, 
 quite glabrous above, glaucous beneath ; petioles and peduncles 
 pubescent ; racemes axillary, solitary or twin, simple, few-flowered, 
 much shorter than the leaf; calyx leaves rounded; corolla white, twice 
 the length of the calyx ; stamens monadelphous ; legume crescent- 
 shaped, one-seeded. Hills in the Mai wan district ; flowers in June. 
 
 7. D LANCEOLARIA, Linn., DC. Prod. 2, 417. A tree; leaflets 
 
 II to 15, oval or broadly oblong, very obtuse or retuse, smooth, 
 
79 
 
 1 to 1 i inch long ; panicles almost leafless, lax, with rufous 
 pubescence, very large ; flowers large for the genus ; legume 
 stalked, 1 to 3-seeded, 1 J to 4 inches long, 8 to 9 lines broad. 
 Syn. D frondosa, Roxb. Fl Ind. iii, p 226 ; D arborea, Heyne in 
 Roth. nov. sp. p 330. Native name "Dandous." Concans, rare; 
 Lulling Ghaut in Kandeish. 
 
 37. SOPHORA, Linn. 
 
 1. HEPTAPHYLLA, Linn., Wight Ic. t. 1155. Shrubby; leaflets 
 5 to 9 pair, elliptic-oblong acute, with recurved margins, glabrous 
 above, strigose with adpressed rusty pubescence beneath ; stipules 
 rigid subulate ; racemes leaf-opposed, lax, about the length of the 
 leaves ; legume slender, covered with strigose pubescence, attenu- 
 ated at the apex, much contracted between the seeds ; seeds 2 to 4, 
 oval, smooth. Hills east of Belgaum. 
 
 38. GUILANDLNA, Linn. 
 
 1 . BONDUC, Linn. sp. p 545. A climbing armed shrub, stem 
 and petioles with hooked prickles ; leaves abruptly bipinnated ; 
 leaflets oval or ovate, 3 to 8 pair ; flowers spicately racemose, yellow, 
 appear in the rains ; legume ovate ventricose compressed, covered 
 with straight prickles. Native name " Sagurgota." Common in 
 hedges. DC. Prod. 2, 480 ; Syn. Csesalpinia bonducella, Flem. in 
 As. Res. xi, p 159 ; Roxb. Fl Ind. ii, p357. The powdered seeds, 
 mixed with pepper, are an excellent febrifuge, Dr. Gibson. They 
 are very bitter ; pounded small and mixed with castor-oil, they are 
 a valuable external application in incipient hydrocele ; the leaves 
 fried with a little castor-oil, are a valuable discutierit in cases of 
 Hernia humoralis. 
 
 NOTE. Seeds large, grey, used to procure abortion. Sagurgota means sea-nut; 
 and there is reason to suspect that this is not a native of the East Indies, but of 
 the West. 
 
 39. C^ESALPINIA, Linn. 
 
 1. PANICULATA, Roxb. Fl Ind. ii, 364. A scandent armed 
 shrub ; branches and petioles covered with numerous sharp-recurved 
 prickles; leaves bipinnated ; pinnae, 3 to 4 pair ; leaflets 3 to 4 pair, 
 ovate lanceolate, glabrous, shining above, rusty-coloured beneath ; 
 flowers terminal panicled, yellow, fragrant : legume obliquely oval 
 cuspidate, compressed, tumid in the middle, glabrous, one-seeded. 
 Pretty common in the Concan. Syn. C scandens, Roth. nov. sp. 
 p 209 ; Guilandina paniculata, Lam. Encyc. Meth. i, 435, Garden 
 at Hewra. 
 
80 
 
 2. MIMOSOIDES, Lam. Encyc. Meth i, 457. -Climbing, stem and 
 branches armed with numerous straight prickles, young parts 
 coloured, armed with prickles and glandular bristles ; pinna? of the 
 leaves 12 to 30 pair; leaflets 8 to 16 pair, linear oblong, glabrous; 
 racemes simple, leaf-opposed and terminal ; legumes short, 
 obliquely truncated, cuspidate turgid, hairy, 2-seeded. Jungles 
 in the Warree country ; plentiful ; flowers in January. DC. Prod. 2, 
 482 ; Syn. C simora, Ham. in Roxb. Fl Ind. ii, 359. 
 
 3. SEPIARIA, Roxb. Fl Ind. ii, 360. Climbing; branches and 
 petioles armed with short, strong recurved prickles ; pinna3 of the 
 leaves 6 to 10 pair; leaflets 8 to 12 pair, linear, oblong obtuse; 
 racemes axillary, solitary ; calyx coloured ; flowers yellow, appear 
 in December, also in March and April ; legumes linear oblong, 
 smooth, with a long cuspidate point, 4 to 8-seeded. At Banda ; 
 more plentiful in the Deccan. Native name" Chillur." DC. Prod. 
 2, 484. 
 
 NOTE. The famous Ararabooli lines between Tippoo's and the Travancore 
 country were made of this. 
 
 40. WAGATEA, Dalz. 
 
 1. SPICATA, Dalz. in Hook. Jour. Bot. iii, p 89. Shrubby, 
 climbing ; branches and petioles armed with many recurved 
 thorns; leaves bipinnate; pinnae 5 to 6 pair; leaflets 5 to 6 pair, 
 oblong obtuse, coriaceous, shining above ; flowers in terminal 
 tapering spikes, 1 to 2 feet long, scarlet and orange-coloured; legumes 
 linear, coriaceous, much swollen at the seeds, and constricted 
 between them. Common in the jungles of the Concans. Syn. 
 Csesalpinia digyna, Graham's Catalogue, p 60. South of Pan well, 
 also on the Ghauts. 
 
 41. MEZONEURUM, Desf. 
 
 1. CUCULLATUM, W. and A. Prod. 283. Scandent armed, 
 pinnae of the leaves 3 to 7 pair; leaflets 4 to 5 pair, ovate-pointed, 
 coriaceous, shining on the upperside ; panicles terminal and axillary, 
 composed of a few rigid racemes ; flowers greenish-yellow, appear in 
 January and February; legume unarmed, foliaceous, ovate-oblong 
 compressed, with a wing along the seminiferous suture. The higher 
 Ghauts; common. Native name " Ragee." Syn. Caesalpinia 
 cucullatta, Roxb. Fl I rid. ii, 358. 
 
 
 
 42. CASSIA, Linn. 
 
 1. FISTULA, Linn. sp. p 540. A small tree; leaves pinnated ; 
 leaflets about 5 pair, broadly ovate, obtuse or retuse, glabrous ; 
 
81 
 
 racemes terminal, long lax drooping; flowers yellow, showy; 
 legumes cylindric-pendulous, smooth. Common. Native name 
 " Bawa." Roxb. Fl Ind. ii, p 333 ; C rhombifolia? Roxb. loc. cit. 
 334. Called also " Gurmala" ; the pulp is a safe purgative. 
 
 2. SOPHORA, Linn, sp p 542. Annual, erect-branched, glabrous ; 
 leaflets 6 to 12 pair, lanceolate acute, with a clavate gland near 
 the base of the petiole; racemes terminal or axillary, and few- 
 flowered ; legumes long linear turgid, glabrous, many-seeded ; 
 sutures keeled. A common weed. DC. Prod. 2, 492; C purpurea, 
 DC. loc. cit. 497; C torosa, DC. loc. cit. 491 ; C coromandeliana, 
 DC. loc. cit. 492 ; Syn. Senna sophera, Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii, 347 ; 
 S purpurea, Roxb. loc. cit. 342; S esculenta, Roxb. 346. 
 
 3. SENNA, Swartz. Perennial, herbaceous, diffuse ; leaflets 4 
 to 6 pair, obovate-obtuse mucronate glabrous ; racemes axillary 
 few-flowered, much shorter than the leaves; legumes lunate broad, 
 thin obtuse ; valves crested at the seeds. Guzerat, Burn ; Sind, 
 plentiful. Syn. C obovata, Collad. ; C obtusa, Roxb. Hort. Bengal, 
 31 ; S obtusa, Roxb. Fl Ind. ii, 344 ; C burmanni, Wight in Madras 
 Jour. 1837. Deccan; common in Beemthuree District east, also 
 Southern Maratha Country. 
 
 4. MONTANA, Heyne in Roth. nov. sp. p 214. A shrub or 
 small tree; leaflets 10 to 12 pair, oval oblong obtuse, pointed with 
 a deciduous bristle, glabrous on both sides when old, but all the 
 young parts are covered with a fulvous pubescence ; peduncles 
 glabrous, many-flowered, axillary, or forming a large terminal 
 panicle ; flowers long-pedicelled, rather small ; legumes lineal- 
 straight, thin, glabrous and shining, when ripe hard and woody. 
 AtVirdeeand on the Chorla Ghaut. DC. Prod. 2, 499; C 
 setigera, DC. loc. cit. ; Senna glauca, Roxb. Fl Ind. ii, 351. 
 
 5. AURICULATA, Linn. sp. 542. A small shrub ; leaflets 8 to 
 12 pair, oval-obtuse or retuse, mucronate; stipules large, obliquely 
 cordate, acute ; racemes axillary, nearly as long as the leaves, 
 many-flowered ; flowers showy, yellow ; legumes thin, compressed, 
 straight. Very common in Guzerat and in the Deccan. DC. Prod. 
 2, 496 ; Syn. Senna auriculata, Roxb. Fl Ind. ii, 349. The bark is 
 much used for tanning leather. Native names " Turwar," " Aroul." 
 
 6. OCCIDENTALS, Linn. sp. 539. An annual, erect-branched, 
 glabrous; leaflets 3. to 5 pair, ovate-lanceolate, very acute ; flowers 
 longish pedicelled, upper ones forming a terminal raceme ; legumes 
 long, nearly cylindric, slightly compressed. A common weed. 
 This, as well as the following, has a heavy, sickening smell. DC. 
 Prod. 2, 497 ; Syn. Senna occidentalis, Roxb. Fl Ind. ii, 343. 
 
 7. TORA, Linn. sp. 538. Annual, with spreading branches ; 
 leaflets 2 to 3 pair, cuneate obovate obtuse ; flowers long-pedicelled ; 
 upper ones forming a short terminal raceme ; legumes very long, 
 
 11 c 
 
82 
 
 sharp-pointed, 4-sided, many-seeded, each suture 2-grooved. A 
 common weed. Native name " Sakla." Syn. C obtusifolia, Burm. 
 Ind p 95 ; C fcetida, Sal. Prod. 326 ; C gallinaria Collad monogr. 
 p 96; Senna toroides, Roxb. Fl Ind. ii, 341. 
 
 8. PUMILA, Lam. Encyc. Meth. i, 651. Suffruticose procum- 
 bent branches a little hairy; leaflets 12 to 30 pair, with a stalked 
 peltate gland close to the lowest pair, linear oblong, unequal-sided, 
 mucronate ; flowers supra-axillary, 1 to 3 together ; legumes flat 
 linear, 6 to 7-seeded, constricted between the seeds. A low 
 prostrate specimen. Common in pastures in the rains. DC. Prod. 
 2, 504; Syn. Senna prostrata, Roxb. Fl hid. ii, 352. 
 
 43. IONESIA, Roxb. 
 
 1. ASOCA, Roxb. Fl Tnd. ii, 218. A small handsome tree; 
 leaves abruptly pinnated ; leaflets 4 to 6 pair, lanceolate ; cymes 
 terminal and axillary, large, globular, crowded with flowers of a 
 beautiful orange-colour; legume scimitar-shaped, compressed, a 
 little turgid, 4 to 8-seeded. This tree in full blossom is a most 
 beautiful object; very common about the Ghauts in the Southern 
 Concan. DC. Prod. 2, 487 ; Syn. I pinnata, Willd. sp. ii, 287 ; 
 Saraca arborescens, Burm. Ind. p 85, t. 25, fig. 2. INative name 
 " Jassoondie," " Asok." 
 
 44. TAMARINDUS, Linn. 
 
 1. INDICUS, Linn. sp. p 48. A large and handsome tree; leaves 
 abruptly pinnated; leaflets numerous; flowers racemose, yellow, 
 legume stalked, linear, curved more or less, slightly compressed, 
 3 to 12-seeded, with a pulpy sarcocarp, having purgative properties. 
 Common in Salsette, Guzerat, &c. Native name " Umlee." The 
 red-fruited variety is much valued. Tussce flore des Antilles, iii 
 112, .35. 
 
 45. BAUHINIA, Linn. 
 
 1. MALABARICA, Roxb. Fl Ind. ii, 321. Arboreous; leaves 
 transversely broad, oval-cordate at the base, glabrous ; leaflets 
 rounded, united above the middle ; racemes axillary, corymbifonn, 
 almost sessile ; legume long-stalked, linear, marked longitudinally 
 with waved lines 1 j foot long, 1 inch broad. Discovered in fruit at 
 Banda in February ; rare. 
 
 2. RACEMOSA, Lam. Encycl. Meth. i, p 390. A small crooked 
 tree ; leaves cordate at the base ; leaflets roundish or broadly 
 obovate, united to the middle; racemes solitary, terminal or leaf- 
 opposed, much longer than the leaves ; flowers white, small ; 
 legumes linear, woody, thick, many-seeded. Very common in the 
 
S3 
 
 Concan. Native name " Aupta." Worshipped by the Hindoos on 
 the Dussera festival ; the leaves are used for making native cigars. 
 Also called " Wuna rajah," or king of the jungle; said to be men- 
 tioned in the Vedas. Syn. B parviflora, Vahl. Symb. iii, p 55 ; 
 DC. Prod. 2, 514; Roxb. Fl Ind. ii, 323. This 'forms the new 
 genus Piliostigma hochst. 
 
 3. VAHLII, W. and A. Prod, p 297. Climbing to an immense 
 extent, often arboreous; young shoots, petioles, and peduncles 
 covered with a thick rusty-coloured tomentum ; leaves roundish, 
 deeply cordate at the base, underside tomentose; leaflets oval 
 obtuse, united to above the middle ; racemes terminal, corymbiform ; 
 legumes pendulous, Ho 1J foot long, covered with brown tomen- 
 tum, 8 to 12-seeded. The Thul Ghaut; ravines at Kandalla. 
 Native name " Chamboolee." Syn. B racemosa, Vahl. Symb. iii, 
 p 56, t. 62; DC. Prod. 2, 515 ; Roxb. Fl Ind. ii, 325. The large 
 seeds are eaten raw ; when ripe, they taste like cashew-nuts ; the 
 leaves are employed to line baskets, and for thatching houses. 
 
 46. CYNOMETRA, Linn. 
 
 1 . RAMIFLORA, Linn. sp. p 509. A shrub ; leaves pinnated ; 
 leaflets 1 to 3 pair, oblong acuminated or emarginate ; peduncles 
 solitary, few-flowered, springing from the branches among the 
 leaves ; legume nearly half orbicular, thick, tumid fleshy, tubercled 
 and rugged on the outside. Southern Concan; very rare. DC. 
 Prod. 2, p 509; Rumph. Amb. i, t. 63; Wight and Arnott's 
 Prod. 293. 
 
 47. HARDWICKIA, Roxb. 
 
 1 . BINATA, Roxb. Fl Ind. ii, 423. A tree ; leaves abruptly 
 pinnated ; leaflets 1 pair, opposite, obliquely ovate obtuse ; racemes 
 axillary panicled ; corolla none ; legume lanceolate, 2-valved, open- 
 ing at the apex; seed solitary in the apex of the legume, thin and 
 membranous on one edge. In the Lulling Pass between Malli- 
 gaum and Dhoolia, Dr. Gibson and Lieutenant Auld ; other parts 
 of Kandeish, and in Nimar. 
 
 48. ENTADA, Linn. 
 
 1. PUSJETHA, DC. Prod. 2, 425. An immense climbing shrub; 
 leaves bipinnated; pinnae 1 to 2 pair; leaflets 2 to 5 pair, glabrous, 
 oblong-obovate or ovate, emarginate, spikes solitary or in pairs, 
 long, slender, axillary; flowers yellow, appear in March; legumes 
 of extraordinary size, 2 to 3 feet long, 4 to 5 inches broad, constricted 
 between the seeds; seeds very large. Native name " Gardul." 
 
84 
 
 Common along the Ghauts. Syn. E monostachya, DC. loc. cit. ; 
 E Rheedei, Spr. syst. ii, 325 ; Pusaetha No. 6441, Linn. Fl Zeyl. ; 
 Mimosa No. 219, Linn. Fl Zeyl. ; M scandens, Linn. sp. p 1601 ; 
 Roxb. Fl Ind. ii, 554; M Entada, Linn. sp. p 1502; Acacia 
 scandens; Willd. loc. cit. 1057. An infusion of the spongy fibres 
 of the trunk used with advantage for various affections of the skin 
 in the Philippines, where it is called " Gogo," Adams ; the seeds 
 are eaten roasted in Soonda. 
 
 49. PROSOPIS, Linn. 
 
 1. SPICIGERA, Linn. Maut. p 68. A tree, armed with prickles ; 
 leaves pinnated or bipinnated ; leaflets 7 to 10 pair, oblong linear 
 obtuse, glabrous; spikes axillary, several together, slender elongated ; 
 legumes cylindric, filled with mealy pulp. Very common in Guzerat, 
 where it is called " Sumree." Generally found covered with nume- 
 rous perforated knots or galls, the work of a species of cynips. 
 DC. Prod. 2, 446 ; Syn. Adenanthera aculeata, Roxb. Fl Ind. 
 iii, 371. Grows also in the south of Persia. The flowers are almost 
 the same as those of Entada, Burm. Fl Ind. t. 25, /. 3. 
 
 NOTE. Also called Sounder. This is the tree to which (in the Deccan) the 
 processions during Dussera proceed. In Sind very plentiful. 
 
 50. DICHROSTACHYS, DC. 
 
 1. CINEREA, W. and A. Prod. 271. A thorny shrub ; leaves 
 pinnated ; pinnae 5 to 10 pair; leaflets numerous, linear ciliated; 
 spikes usually solitary, rarely 2 to 3 together, drooping, somewhat 
 cylindric, one-half of the spike yellow, the other rose-coloured ; 
 legume thick and coriaceous, curved and twisted, jointed ; joints 
 one-seeded. Common in the Deccan. Syn. Mimosa cinerea, Linn, 
 sp. 1505 ; Roxb. Fl Ind. ii, 561 ; Desmanthus cinereus, Willd. sp. 
 iv, 1048 ; DC. Prod. 2, 445; Acacia cinerea, Spr. syst. iii, 143. 
 
 51. NEPTUNIA, Desm. 
 
 1 . OLER ACEA, Lour. Benth in Hook. Jour. Bot. iv, 354. Annual, 
 floating and throwing out roots ; leaves bipinnated ; pinnae 2 to 3 
 pair; leaflets 8 to 12 pair; stipules obliquely cordate ; peduncles 
 axillary, solitary, longer than the leaves ; flowers in oblong solitary 
 spikes ; legume stalked, oblique at the base, oblong falcate, 6 to 8- 
 seeded. Tanks throughout the Concan. DC. Prod. 2, 444 ; Syn. 
 Mimosa natans, Roxb. Fl Ind. ii, 553 ; M prostrata, Lam. ; Des- 
 manthus natans, Willd. sp. iv, 1044; D lacustris, Willd. ; D stolo- 
 nifer, DC. loc. cit. 444. 
 
 2. TRIQUETRA, Benth. loc. cit. Bitriennial, prostrate; stem 
 
85 
 
 compressed ; leaves bipinnated ; pinnae 2 to 3 pair ; leaflets 10 to 12 
 pair ; stipules subulate ; peduncles axillary, solitary, flower-heads 
 globular, yellow ; legumes linear oblong, equal-sided, 4 to 6-seeded ; 
 flowers in August. Common in pastures about Surat. DC. Prod. 2, 
 444; Syn. Mimosa triquetra, Vahl. Symb. iii, 102; Roxb. Fl Ind. 
 ii, 552 ; M natans, Linn. Suppl. p 439 ; Desmanthus triquetris, 
 Willd. sp. iv, 1045. 
 
 52. MIMOSA, Adans. 
 
 1. HAMATA, Willd. sp. iv, 1033. An armed much-branched 
 shrub ; branches, petioles, and peduncles pubescent, and covered 
 with scattered prickles ; leaves bipinnated ; pinnee 4 pair ; leaflets 
 7 to 8 pair, minute, linear oval approximated, pubescent ; peduncles 
 longer than the leaves, bearing one head of rose-coloured flowers ; 
 legumes linear falcately curved, pubescent. Common about Surat 
 and in the Dec-can. Native name " Arkur." DC. Prod. 2, 427 ; 
 Syn. M armata, Rottlr. Spr. syst. ii, 206. 
 
 2. RUBRICAULIS, Lam. Encycl. Meth. i, p 20. A large strag- 
 gling prickly shrub ; leaves bipinnated ; pinnae 5 pair ; leaflets 
 10 to 12 pair, oblong linear, pubescent; peduncles one-headed, 
 several together in the upper axils ; legume sessile, compressed flat, 
 glabrous, obscurely jointed. Malabar Hill, &c. ; common. DC. 
 Prod. 2, 429 ; M octandra, Roxb. Fl Ind. ii, 564 ; M Rottleri, 
 Spr. syst. ii, 206 ; M spinosiliqua, Rottler. 
 
 53. XYLIA, Benth. 
 
 1. DOLABRIFORMIS, Benth. in Hook. Jour. Bot. iv, 417. A tall 
 unarmed tree, glabrous or tomentose on the younger parts ; stipules 
 small ; leaves bipinnate ; pinnae one pair, with an elevated gland 
 between ; leaflets 2 to 6 pair, outer ones often 6 inches long ; 
 peduncles fascicled, axillary or sub-racemose, 2 to 3 inches long ; 
 heads of flowers globose, tomentose ; of a pale greenish colour ; 
 legume 4 to 5 inches long, 1 \ to 2 inches broad. Mimosa acacia, 
 Willd. sp. iv, 1055 ; Inga, DC. Prod. 2, 439 ; I xylocarpa, Roxb. 
 Cor. PI i, 68, t. 100; Mimosa acle, Blanco Fl. Filipin. 738. 
 Native names " Jamba " and " Yerool" ; timber excellent. South- 
 ern Concan and Waree ; common. 
 
 54. ACACIA. 
 
 1. A EBURNEA, Willd. sp. PI iv, 1081. Branchlets and leaves 
 with ferruginous hairs ; spines straight, some of them long and 
 ivory white ; pinnae 2 to 4 pair, small ; leaflets 6 to 8 pair, very 
 small, linear obtuse, a little hairy ; peduncles axillary, bracted in the 
 middle ; legume stalked, narrow linear falcate, quite smooth, 2 to 3 
 
86 
 
 V 
 
 inches long, 2 lines broad, rather glaucous. Common in the 
 Deccan in dry barren places. IVative name " Murmut." 
 
 2. A SUNDRA, DC. Prod. 2, 458. A very large tree with 
 white bark, all smooth ; branchlets dark-coloured ; thorns twin, 
 recurved, small or wanting ; pinnae 10 to 15 pair ; leaflets 20 to 30 
 pair, linear; spikes of white flowers axillary, shorter than the leaf; 
 flowers sessile, glabrous; legume broad linear flat. Mimosa 
 sundra, Roxb. Cor. PI iii, 225; A chundra, Willd. sp. iv, 1078. 
 Common in the Deccan. 
 
 3. CATECHU, Willd. sp. iv, 1079. A small tree; branchlets 
 and petioles white, with a short pubescence; thorns infrastipulary, 
 twin, slight recurved or none; pinnae 10 to 30 pair; leaflets 30 to 
 50 pair, linear puberulous and ciliated ; spikes axillary, rather lax, 
 shorter than the leaf; flowers white ; legume broad linear flat. Sal- 
 sette and the Concans common ; also Deccan, but stunted ; 
 flowers in July. Syn. Mimosa catecliu, Linn. Fl Ind. ii, 563; 
 M suma, Roxb. loc. cit. ; A polyacantha, Willd. sp. iv, 1079; A 
 wallichiana, DC. Prod. 2, 458. 
 
 4. ARABICA, Willd. sp. iv, 1085. A tree, glabrous or tomentose, 
 pubescent; thorns very small or long subulate, or strong, finally 
 white, straight or slightly recurved; pinnae 4 to 8 pair; leaflets 10 
 to 20 pair, oblong linear obtuse, green, glabrous ; peduncles axillary, 
 with a bract in the middle ; heads of flowers globose ; legume flat 
 linear, necklace-shaped. Common in the Deccan and in Guzerat. 
 It is the variety $ which is found in India, having the legume covered 
 with hoary tomentum. Syn. A nilotica, Delile Fl ^Egypt. III. 31 ; 
 A vera, Willd. sp. iv, 1085 ; Mimosa arabica, Roxb. Cor. ii, t. 
 149. The timber of this tree is excellent for cart and gun-wheels, 
 and agricultural implements. There is a singular variety with the 
 branches erect, like a cypress in growth, and very handsome, called 
 " Ram Kanta." Another variety, called " Eree Babool," has the 
 timber softer, and the pods broader, with a thicker margin, and the 
 bark much cracked. 
 
 5. TOMENTOSA, Willd. sp. iv 7 1087. A tree; branches and 
 petioles velvetty with tomentum ; thorns sometimes minute, some- 
 times very long, stout, and dark-coloured ; pinnae 10 to 12 pair; 
 leaflets 20 to 30 pair, linear obtuse, pubescent ; peduncles axillary, 
 with a bract in the middle; heads of flowers white, tomentose; 
 legume broadly linear, flat, falcately sub-contorted, coriaceous; 
 pinnae 1 to 1 \ inch long ; leaflets 3 lines long ; legume 3 to 4 lines 
 broad. Rare; in the Deccan and Kandeish jungles. Syn. Mimosa 
 tomentosa, Roxb. Fl Ind. ii, 558. 
 
 6. LEUCOPHLJEA, Willd. sp. iv, 1063. A tree; thorns straight; 
 pinnae of the leaves 5 to 12 pair; leaflets 12 to 30 pair, obliquely 
 oblong, linear obtuse rigid ; heads of flowers shortly ped uncled, 
 
87 
 
 disposed in a large leafless tomentose panicle ; legume narrow linear, 
 slightly twisted, thick, flattened. Common in the Southern Mara- 
 tha Country and the Sholapore districts. A spirit is distilled from 
 the bark, and the trees are farmed on account of Government, Mr. 
 Law. Syn. A alba, Willd. DC. Prod. 2, 469 ; Mimosa leucophlaea, 
 Roxb. Fl Ind. ii, 558. Native name " Hewur." 
 
 7. LATRONUM, Willd. sp. iv, 1077. Thorns straight, here and 
 there very large; pinnae 2 to 5 pair; leaflets 6 to 15 pair, small 
 linear, or oblong obtuse ; spikes cylindric lax, slightly interrupted ; 
 legume broadly falcate, oblong flat, coriaceous, glabrous. In the 
 Eastern Deccan ; common. Syn. Mimosa latronum, Roxb. Fl Ind. 
 ii, 559. 
 
 8. CONCINNA, DC. Prod. 2, 404. A large scandent shrub; 
 prickles numerous, recurved; pinnse 4 to 6 pair; leaflets 12 to IS 
 pair, half oblong obtuse, glabrous ; leaflets pale-green, distant, half 
 inch long 1 A inch broad ; racemes but little branched ; peduncles one 
 inch long, heads of flowers small ; legume 3 to 5 inches long, one inch 
 broad, succulent, contracted between the seeds. Used as soap for 
 washing. Native name " Chickakai." The leaves are acid, and 
 are used in cookery instead of Tamarind, Nimmo. Jungles in the 
 Concan ; common; also Ghaut jungle. Syn. Mimosa concinna, 
 Willd. sp. iv, 1039; Roxb. Fl Ind. ii, 564; M rugata, Lam. 
 Encycl. Meth i, p 20; M abstergens, Spr. syst. ii, p 207. 
 
 9. A PROCERA. A great tree unarmed, with white bark and 
 pinnate leaves; leaflets 10 to 12 pairs, obliquely oblong unequal, 
 with a large gland at base of petiole ; legume reddish, leafy, 
 8 inches long. Native name " Kinye." Timber very useful, 
 especially the dark heart wood. Common near the Ghauts in 
 the Deccan, and still more so in the Concan. 
 
 10. PINNATA, Willd, sp. iv, 1090. A scandent shrub ; prickles 
 scattered, numerous, straight, or at length recurved ; pinnae 8 to 20 
 pair; leaflets beyond 30 pair, narrow linear glabrous; heads of 
 flowers globose panicled ; legume glabrous or reddish, with minute 
 tomentum. Common in the Concan. Syn. M torta, Roxb. Fl 
 Ind. ii, 566 ; M ferruginea, Rottler. in Spr. syst. ii, 207 ; A 
 arrophila, Don. Prod. Fl, Nepal; A megaladena, Desv. Jour. 
 Bot. 1814, t. 69 ; Aprensans, Lowe Bot. Mag. t. 3408. The bark 
 much used by fishermen for their nets, and is an article of com- 
 merce. 
 
 1 1 . CJESIA, W. and A. Prod. 1 , 278. A scandent shrub, armed 
 with numerous scattered recurved prickles ; pinnae 8 to 15 pair ; leaf- 
 lets 15 to 40 pair, oblong linear falcate, rather acute ; heads of flowers 
 
 flobose, paniculate ; legume subfaleate, glabrous. The Concans. 
 yn. A intsioides, DC. Prod. 2, 278 (?) ; A arar, Ham. in Wall. 
 Cat. 5258; Mimosa cajsia, Roxb. Fl Ind. ii, 565 (?) The Concans. 
 
88 
 
 Supposed to be a variety of the following, with more numerous 
 leaflets. 
 
 12. INTSIA, Willd. sp. iv, 1091. A climbing shrub, with 
 numerous small recurved scattered prickles ; pinnae 4 to 8 pair ; 
 leaflets 8 to 20 pair, obliquely oblong obtuse, glabrous ; heads of 
 flowers white, globose panicled; legume subfalcate, glabrous, 
 purple, 4 inches long and one inch broad, obtuse at apex. 
 Syn. Mimosa intsia, Linn. sp. p 1508; Roxb. Fl Ind. ii, 565. 
 At Cambay ; flowers in October ; Unkleswur. 
 
 55. ALBIZZIA, Darazni. 
 
 1. LEBBEK, Benth. in Hook. Jour. Bot. iii, 87. A large 
 tree ; leaves bipinnate ; pinnae 2 to 4 pair ; leaflets 5 to 3 pair, 
 obliquely oval-oblong, very obtuse, unequal-sided, subsessile; pedun- 
 cles elongated, fascicled, sub-racemose in the supreme axils ; 
 heads of flowers large, many-flowered ; legume very long, glabrous, 
 Common ; flowers in May, white, very fragrant. Syn. Acacia 
 lebbek, Willd. DC. Prod. 2, 466; A speciosa, Willd. DC. Prod. 2, 
 467; Mimosa sirissa, Roxb. Fl Ind. ii, 544; Albizzia latifolia, 
 Boivin. Encycl. The timber of this tree is strong and durable. 
 
 2. ODORATISSIMA, Benth. loc. cit. p 88. A tree ; pinnae 3 to 8 
 pair ; leaflets 8 to 25 pair, broadly oblong, very unequal-sided, 
 glaucous beneath; panicle of flowers many-headed, heads few- 
 flowered; flowers pubescent, ovary subsessile, glabrous. This has 
 much smaller flowers than the preceding. The Concans. Syn. 
 Acacia odoratissima, Willd. DC. Prod. 2, 466 ; Albizzia micrantha, 
 Boivin. loc. cit. ; Mimosa odoratissima, Roxb. Fl Ind. ii, 546. 
 This large and handsome tree has particularly hard and strong 
 timber. 
 
 3. AMARA, Boivin loc. cit. A tree ; branchlets and petioles 
 tomentose ; pinnae 7 to 11 pair, approximated; leaflets many-pair, 
 small, oblong linear falcate ; peduncles in the upmost axils fascicu- 
 late subracemose ; heads 12 to 20-flowered, ovary stipitate, glabrous. 
 Common on the banks of the Krishna ; about Nalutwar, Law ; on 
 Matheran Hill; and Deccan, common. Syn. Acacia amara, Willd. 
 DC. Prod. 2, 469; A wightii, Grah. W. and A. Prod. I, 274 ; 
 Mimosa amara, Roxb. Fl Ind. ii, 548. Native name " Lullei." 
 
 4. STIPULATA, Boivin. loc. cit. A tree; stipules large, mem- 
 branaceous, acuminated deciduous; pinnae 7 to 20 pair; leaflets 
 many-paired, oblong-linear falcate acute ; peduncles racemose, 
 paniculate, heads 10 to 20-flowered; ovary subsessile, glabrous ; 
 legume flat, thin linear lanceolate, glabrous. Common on the 
 Ghauts ; flowers in April and May, pinkish. Syn. Acacia stipulate, 
 DC. Prod. 2, p469; Mimosa stipulacea, Roxb. Fl Ind. ii, 54!). 
 
56. PITHECOLOBIUM, Martius. 
 
 1. P BIGEMINUM, Mart. Herb. Fl Bras, p 115. A tree ; pinnae 
 1 to 2 pair ; leaflets 2 to 4 pair, ovate or oblong-acuminate, 2 to 
 3 inches long, a gland in the middle of the petiole ; flowers capitate, 
 few, puberulous, sessile ; legume spirally twisted, the exterior 
 margin entire. Southern Concan. Syn. Mimosa bigemina, Vahl. 
 Symb. ii, p 103 ; Inga bigemina, Willd. sp. PI. 
 
 LV. DRUPACE^l. 
 1. PYGEUM, Linn. 
 
 1. P ZEYLANICUM, Gaert. Fruct. i, 218, t. 46, and P acumina- 
 tum, Colebrooke, in Linn. Trans, xii, 360, t. 18. A tree; leaves 
 alternate oblong acuminate, quite entire, glabrous ; racemes long 
 slender axillary ; flowers yellowish-white ; fruit small, smooth, 
 obtusely and slightly bilobed. Hill-fort of Munohur and Parwar 
 Ghaut ; at Mahableshwur, pretty common. 
 
 2. ROSACES; RUBUS, Linn. 
 
 1. R LASIOCARPUS, Smith, W. and A. Prod. 1, 299; Wight Ic. 
 t. 232. Stems round, long, rooting at the extremities, glabrous, 
 glaucous, armed with curved prickles ; branches and petioles 
 tomentose and prickly ; leaves pinnated ; leaflets 3 to 7, ovate, 
 obovate or lanceolate, terminal one roundish and often 3-lobed, 
 smooth above, white and tomentose beneath, irregularly toothed 
 and serrated ; panicles racemose, chiefly terminal ; carpels tomen- 
 tose. Syn. R albescens, Roxb. Fl Ind. ii, p 519 ; R mysorensis, 
 Heyne. Highest Ghauts to the southward. 
 
 2. R WALLICHIANUS, W. and A. Prod. 1, 298. Petioles, 
 peduncles, and pedicels armed with recurved prickles, and densely 
 hispid with brown hairs ; leaves pinnately trifoliolate ; leaflets nearly 
 orbicular, toothed, serrated, green on both sides; panicles large 
 compound, somewhat corymbose, axillary and terminal. R hirtus, 
 Roxb. Fl Ind. ii, 518, along with the preceding. 
 
 3. RUGOSUS, Smith in Ree's Cycl. Shrubby, armed with small 
 scattered prickles ; branches, calyx, and underside of the leaves 
 villous, with tawny tomentum ; leaves simple cordate, 3 to 5-lobed, 
 reticulated and pitted underneath, scabrous above ; racemes axillary 
 and terminal, few-flowered. Mahableshwur, and along the higher 
 
 12c 
 
90 
 
 Ghauts; pretty common. DC. Prod. 2, 567; Syn. H alceaifo- 
 lius, Poir Encycl. Meth. vi, 247 ; DC. loc. cit. ; R reflexus, Kew. 
 Bot. Reg. t. 461; R raoluccanus, Roxb. Fl Ind. ii, 518; R 
 hamiltonianus, Seringe in DC. loc. cit. 
 
 LVI. SAXIFRAGACEJE. 
 
 1. VAQLIA, Thunb. 
 
 1. YISCOSA, Roxb. Fl Ind. ii, p 89. Herbaceous, pubescent, 
 slightly glutinous ; leaves oblong-lanceolate or linear ; flowers in 
 pairs, almost sessile, yellow ; capsules nearly globose; seeds minute. 
 Island of Caranjah, and Guzerat ; common. Syn. V sessiliflora, 
 DC. Prod. 4, p54; Oldenlandia digyna, Retz. Obs. iv, p 23. 
 
 LVII. COMBRETACEJE. 
 
 1. COMBRETUM, Lbffl. 
 
 1. C WIGHTIANUM, Wall., W.and A. Prod. 1, 317. A scandent 
 shrub ; leaves elliptic-obovate, with a short sudden acumination, 
 coriaceous, shining above ; spikes of flowers axillary, on longish 
 peduncles, elongated, lax ; tube of the calyx 2 to 3 times longer 
 than the ovary ; fruit 4-winged. Wight Ic. t. 227 ; Syn. C laxum, 
 Roxb. Fl Ind. ii, 231 ; Rheed. Mai. vii, t. 23. Hilly parts of the 
 Concan, not uncommon ; at Vino-orla. Native name " Peeloka." 
 
 2. C OVALIFOLIUM, Roxb. Fl Ind. 2, 226. A climber like 
 the last; leaves ovate or elliptic-obtuse, or slightly acute, minutely 
 dotted above; spikes of yellowish-white; flowers axillary and 
 terminal, appear in April and May ; tube of calyx not longer than 
 the ovary; wings of the fruit smooth, semicircular. Jungles in the 
 Concan and Ghauts, common, Wight in Hook. Bot. Misc. 
 Suppl. t. 22. Native name "Zelloosey," also " Peelookha." Is 
 much used as hoops for the Motes employed in drawing water 
 from tanks and wells. 
 
 2. LUMNITZERA, Willd. 
 
 1. L RACEMOSA, Willd. A shrub; leaves cuneate obovate 
 retuse, attenuated at the base, crenated or entire, thick and vein- 
 less ; spikes of small white flowers, short, axillary; stamens 10, 
 alternately shorter. Salt-water creeks, Southern Concan. Syn. 
 Petaloma alternifolia, Roxb. Fl Ind. ii, 372; Rheed. Mai. vi, 
 t. 37. In fruit in October. 
 
91 
 
 3. CONOCARPUS, Gaert. 
 
 1. C LATIFOLIA, Roxb. Fl Ind, ii, p 442. A large erect tree 
 with white bark ; leaves elliptic or obovate-obtuse or emarginate, 
 smooth ; heads of flowers aggregated, on branched peduncles ; fruit 
 coriaceous, scale-like, closely imbricated. IVleera hills, and other 
 elevated jungly places in the Concan. The timber is good for cart- 
 axles, and the tree produces a very white, hard, and valuable gum. 
 Wight Ic. 994. Native name " Daura" or " Dabria." 
 
 4. GETONIA, Roxb. 
 
 1. G FLORIBUNDA, Roxb. Cor. PI i, t. 87 ; Fl Ind. ii, p 428. 
 A climbing shrub, with opposite short- petioled leaves, resinous 
 dotted beneath, the young ones tomentose ; panicles of greenish - 
 white flowers, erect; fruit small, drupaceous, dry, ovate-oblong, 
 between round and pentagonal. Extremely common in the 
 Concan and Ghauts, not found in Ceylon. Native name " Wook- 
 sey" or " Bagoolee." 
 
 5. TERMINALIA, Linn. 
 
 1. T BELERICA, Roxb. Cor. Pit. 198; Fl Ind. ii, p 431. A 
 large handsome tree ; leaves collected about the extremities of the 
 branchlets, large, long-petioled obovate-obtuse or shortly acumi- 
 nated, quite entire, generally smooth ; spikes of small yellowish- 
 green ; flowers axillary solitary, almost as long as the leaves ; drupe 
 small, roundish, covered with a grey silky down. Native name 
 " Bherda." 
 
 2. T CHEBULA, Retz. Obs. v, p 31. A large tree with shortly- 
 petioled leaves, which are ovate or oblong, obtuse or cordate at the 
 base, when young clothed with silky hairs ; petiole with a pair of 
 glands at the apex ; spikes terminal, often panicled ; drupe oval, 
 about 1 h inch long. This is the Heerda tree, of which the fruit is 
 an article of commerce, for the large quantity of tannin which it 
 contains. The fruit of T citrina is sometimes imported into Bom- 
 bay from the North- Western Provinces, and is highly valued for 
 some imaginary properties. 
 
 3. T GLABRA, W. and A. Prod. Var. tomentosa, Roxb. An 
 erect-growing tree of middling size ; leaves linear oblong obtuse, 
 somewhat cordate at the base, crenulate, with turbinate glands oh 
 the midrib ; drupes ovoid, coriaceous, winged. The Ainee tree, 
 nmch valued and in great demand for a variety of purposes. Com- 
 mon in the jungles at the foot of the Ghauts, and near the Ghauts 
 in the upper country. 
 
 4. T ARJUNA, Roxb. Fl Ind. ii, 43^. A tree with smooth baik 
 
92 
 
 and horizontal branches ; leaves linear-oblong with cordate base, 
 smooth, with two sessile glands underneath ; flowers in April and 
 May. Common in the jungles south-east of Surat. The bark is in 
 great repute as a tonic and vulnerary. Native name " Arjoon 
 Madura." This tree is of great size in the Belgaum and Soonda 
 forests. In the Deccan, but rare. Koorun at Mooee Zillah, 
 Poona. 
 
 5. T BERRYI, W. and A. Prod. 1, 314. A tree, with smooth 
 bark and drooping branches ; leaves from lanceolate to linear 
 oblong, smooth, with two sessile glands on the apex of the petiole ; 
 spikes terminal, somewhat panicled. Banks of the Kaleenuddee 
 and Gutpurba Rivers. Syn. Pentaptera angustifolia, Roxb. Fl 
 Ind. ii, 437. 
 
 6. T PANICULATA, W. and A. Prod. 1, p 315. A tree, with 
 diverging branches ; leaves linear-oblong with a cordate base, 
 coriaceous, wrinkled above, with sessile umbilicate glands beneath, 
 near the base ; spikes of flowers forming compound panicles ; drupe 
 with three unequal wings. Common along the foot of the Ghauts 
 in the Southern Concan. Native name "Keerijul." Pentaptera 
 paniculata, Roxb. Fl Ind. ii, p 442. 
 
 LVIII. MELASTOMACE.E. 
 
 1. OSBECKIA, Linn. 
 
 1. LESCHENAULTIANA, DC. Prod. 3, p 142. Annual, herba- 
 ceous ; stems 4-angled, slightly branched, the angles clothed with 
 hairs ; leaves ovate-strigose, quite entire, ciliated, 3-nerved ; flowers 
 very small, terminal, nearly sessile-aggregated ; calyx urceolate, 
 covered with spreading bristles, segments 4, deciduous ; anthers 8. 
 truncated. Syn. O truncata, Don in W. and A. Prod. 1, 322; 
 Wight Ic. t. 996. Common in pastures in the Concan, Caranjah, 
 &c. This is the only one we have met with. 
 
 2. MELASTOMA, Linn. 
 
 1. M MALABARICUM, Linn. sp. p 559. A shrub, about 3 feet 
 high; branches 4-angled, ultimate ones compressed; leaves elliptic- 
 oblong, somewhat acute, obtuse at the base, entire, upperside 
 strigose, under hirsute on the nerves and veins, and harshly pube- 
 scent between them ; corymbs terminal, 1 to 5-flowered, almost 
 sessile; flowers rose-coloured, handsome, large. The fruit when 
 ripe bursts irregularly and exposes a dark-coloured pulp, which is 
 eaten, and stains the mouth of a black colour. The Concan ; comes 
 as far north as Bankote. 
 
93 
 
 3. SONERILA, Roxb. 
 
 1. S. SCAPIGERA, Hook, in Jour. Bot. vii, p 672 ; Ic. t. 23. A 
 plant, 3 to 4 inches high, stemless, quite smooth ; leaves radical 
 cordate, serrate, long-petioled ; flowering scapes as long as the 
 leaf; pedicels umbellate-racemose, longer than the flower; calyx 
 segments 3, triangular-acute ; petals obovate-acute ; stamens as 
 long as the style. The Ghauts near Bombay; flowers in the rains. 
 
 4. MEMECYLON, Linn. 
 
 1. M EDULE, Roxb. Cor. PI i, t. 82. Arborescent; branches 
 terete; leaves shortly-petioled, ovate or oblong, or elliptic-lanceolate, 
 I -nerved; peduncles axillary, and below the leaves on the older 
 branches; flowers conglomerated, of a beautiful purple; fruit 
 globose, crowned with the 4-toothed limb of the calyx ; 1 to 2-seeded. 
 Common along the higher Ghauts. Native name " Anjun." Wood, 
 known by the name of " Kurpa," very strong. Syn. M tinctorium, 
 Kcenig. ; M heyneanum, Benth. ; Wight Ic. t. 278. 
 
 2. M TERMINALE, Dalz. in Hook. Jour. Bot Hi, 121. A shrub, 
 2 to 3 feet high ; branches dichotomous, slender, terete ; leaves 
 sessile, lanceolate-acuminate ; peduncles axillary and terminal, 
 solitary, half inch long; flowers umbelled ; pedicels half the length 
 of the peduncle ; fruit globose, dry unilocular, of the size of a large 
 pea. On the Southern Ghauts. Perhaps the smallest of the Indian 
 species. 
 
 LIX. MYRTACE^E. 
 
 1. SYZYGIUM, Gaertn. 
 
 1. S JAMBOLANUM, DC. Prod. 3, 259. -7- A large handsome tree, 
 with whitish bark ; leaves oval or oblong, feather-nerved, coriaceous ; 
 cymes panicled-lax, usually lateral on the former year's branches, 
 occasionally axillary or terminal ; calyx shortly turbinate, truncated ; 
 berry olive-shaped, often oblique. Syn. S caryophyllifolium, DC. 
 loc. cit. A very common tree. "Jambool," Maratha. The tim- 
 ber is excellent for building ; the astringent bark yields an extract 
 like the gum " Kino" of Malabar, and the fruit is a favourite 
 food of the flying-foxes, and is much eaten by the poorer classes. 
 
 2. S CARYOPHYLLJEUM, Gaert. A small tree; leaves obovate- 
 obtuse, or suddenly acuminated, somewhat coriaceous, incon- 
 spicuously dotted ; cymes of small white flowers, corymbose, 
 trichotomous, terminal ; fruit globose, 1 -seeded. Southern Concan ; 
 always on the banks of streams, also on the Ghauts. Wight Ic. t. 
 540. The berries are eaten in Ceylon. 
 
94 
 
 3. S ZEYLANICUM, DC. Prod. 3, p 260. Arborescent; leaves 
 ovate or oblong, much-acuminated, coriaceous, shining on the 
 upperside ; flowers shortly pedicellate, forming axillary or terminal 
 compound cymes; calyx pruinose elongated clavate; berry white, 
 globose, 1-seeded. Syn. Myrtus zeylanica, Linn. A most beautiful 
 tree, very like a gigantic myrtle, confined to the higher Ghauts to 
 the south of the Presidency. 
 
 4. S RUBICUNDUM, W. and A. Prod. 1, 330. Leaves narrow- 
 oblong, attenuated at both ends, coriaceous, pellucid dotted ; cymes 
 corymbose, terminal, longer than the leaves ; flowers minute ; calyx 
 4-lobed, shortly turbinate. On the higher Ghauts on banks of 
 Jambool streams. 
 
 5. S SALICIFOLIUM, Wall. A shrub, with narrow-lanceolate 
 leaves ; flowers small, white, in lax panicles from the naked branches. 
 The beds of rivers on the higher Ghauts. Wight Ic. 539. The 
 wood is much used for rafters. Maratha name " Pan Jambool." 
 
 NOTE. S gibsonii, Grab. Cat. No. 579, in the Olea dioica. 
 
 2. EUGENIA, Willd. 
 
 1. E WILLDENOVII, DC. Prod. 3, 265. A treo ; leaves short- 
 petioled, oblong, narrowed at the base, acuminated with a blunt 
 point, coriaceous, shining, veined, not dotted ; peduncles filiform, 
 solitary or in pairs, axillary or on the leafless branchlets, with two 
 subulate bracteoles under the calyx. Syn. E zeylanica, Willd. 
 sp. ii, p 963. Phoonda Ghaut. Wight Ic. 545. 
 
 3. JAM BOS A, Rumph. 
 
 1. J PAUCIFLORA, Wight Ic. 526. A middling-sized tree; leaves 
 short-petioled, lanceolate, attenuated towards the base, ending in 
 a long, slender acumen^ pedicels solitary from the extreme axils, 
 1 -flowered ; calyx tube cylindrical, long and slender ; flowers 
 reddish ; fruit ovoid. On the higher Ghauts opposite Bombay. 
 
 2. J LANCEOLARIA, Wight Ic. 613. A small tree ; leaves short- 
 petioled, narrow-lanceolate; flowers terminal, about 15, corymbose, 
 fascicled ; flowers large, rosy, and somewhat fragrant ; berries 
 irregularly round-lobate, size of a small apple. Syn. Eugenia 
 lanceolaria, Roxb. Fl Ind. iii, p 494. Ram and Neelkoond 
 Ghauts. 
 
 LX. BARRINGTONIACE./E. 
 1. BARRINGTONIA, Forst. 
 
 1. B RACEMOSA, Roxb. Fl Ind. ii, p 634. A stout timber tree; 
 leaves broad lanceolate serrulate, smooth on both sides, 3 to 12 
 
95 
 
 inches long 1 ; racemes of showy pink ; flowers lateral and terminal, 
 long, pendent ; fruit drupaceous, size of a pullet's egg, smooth. 
 Severndroog Talooka ; rather rare. It is a southern species, and 
 plentiful in Canara. 
 
 2. B ACUTANGULA, Gaert. Fr. ii, p 97, t. 101. A middle-sized 
 tree, something like an oak; leaves cuneate obovate, serrulate ; 
 racemes of pretty scarlet; flowers long, pendulous, much smaller 
 than in the preceding; fruit oblong, 4-sided, sharp-angled. Native 
 name " Tiwur." Common on the banks of creeks in the Southern 
 Concan ; between Indapoor and Dasgaum ; flowers in April. 
 
 2. CAREYA, Roxb. 
 
 1. C ARBOREA, Roxb. Cor. iii, t. 218 ; Fl Ind. ii, p 638. A 
 middle-sized tree, with large obovate or oblong serrulate leaves ; 
 flowers few, in terminal short spikes, very large, white ; fruit of the 
 size and appearance of an apple. Extremely common in the 
 Southern Concan ; also near Indapoor. Native name " Koomba." 
 The bark is used by matchlock men ; the timber is useful, and 
 stands water well ; calyx of the flowers are sold in the bazars 
 under the name of " Waekoomba." 
 
 LXI. RHIZOPHORACE.E. 
 1. RHIZOPHORA. 
 
 1. R MUCRONATA, Lam. A small tree; leaves oval long- 
 cuspidate, segments of the calyx triangular-ovate ; peduncles 3 to 6 
 flowered, germinating embryo, subulate clavate acute. Syn. R 
 candelaria, VV. and A. Prod. 1, 10; \Vi-ht Ic. t. 238. Salt 
 marshes along the coast ; common. 
 
 2. ERUGUIERA, Lam. 
 
 1. RHEEDET, Blume Mus. Bot. Lugd. Bot. i, p 138. Leaves 
 elliptic-oblong, acute at both ends, calyx tube unribbed, limb 1 1 to 
 13 divided ; petals hirsute at the base, sparingly hairy along the 
 margin, divisions rather obtuse, with 3 bristles at the apex, with 
 a longish one in the sinuses, germinating radicle cylindric, rather 
 obtuse, smoothish. Syn. B rumphii, 131. ; and B wightii, Bl. ; 
 Wight Ic. t. 139. Common on the sea-coast. 
 
 3. KANILIA, Blume. 
 
 1. K PARVIFLORA, Blume loc. cit. p 320. A small shrub; 
 leaves oblong or lanceolate, rather obtuse, narrowed at the base ; 
 peduncles 3, or many-flowered in cymes ; calyx tube ribbed, 
 
96 
 
 divisions of the limb short lanceolate acute, erect in the fruit, ovary 
 3-celled ; germinating' radicle cylindric, rather obtuse. Syn. 
 Bruguiera parviflora, W. and A. Prod. 1, 311; Uhizophora 
 parviflora, Roxb. Fl Ind. ii, p 461. Salt marshes; not common. 
 
 4. CARALLIA, Roxb. 
 
 1. C INTEGERRIMA, DC. Prod. 3, p 33. A small tree, with 
 corky bark and obovate dark-green polished leaves, quite entire ; 
 peduncles short axillary trifid ; flowers small; stigma 5-lobed ; fruit 
 size of a pea. Syn. C integrifolia, Graham Cat. ; C zeylanica, 
 Arnott ; C chinensis, Aftiott. Wood strong and fit for furniture. 
 The Ghauts ; pretty common. Native name " Punsehi." 
 
 LXII. LYTHRACE.E. 
 1. ROTALA, Linn. 
 
 1. R VERTICILLARIS, Linn. Maut. p 175. Herbaceous, aqua- 
 tic ; leaves in verticles 4 to 8, linear-acute; flowers axillary, solitary 
 minute, sessile; capsule covered by the calyx, 1 -celled; seeds very 
 numerous. In ditches, tanks, &c. ; common. 
 
 2. AMELETIA, DC. 
 
 1. A FLORIBUNDA, Wight Hook. Ic. PI v ix, p 826. Annual, 
 erect, quite smooth, branched upwards ; leaves alternate linear, the 
 upper ones especially, cordate, stem-clasping ; peduncles very 
 slender, on terminal branches; racemes spiked, bracteated; brac- 
 teoles almost as long as the calyx ; flowers pink, monoicous ; 
 stamens long exserted. Syn. Nimmonia floribunda, Wight in 
 Madr. Jour, vi, p 34, t. 20. On bare rocky ground on the 
 highest Ghauts ; also below the Ghauts at Sivapore. 
 
 2. A TENUIS, Wight Ic. t. 257 B. Stems somewhat pro- 
 cumbent at the base, afterwards erect, most slender; leaves 
 opposite, orbicular; spikes terminal; flowers solitary, longish- 
 pedicelled, from the axil of a linear bract ; bracteoles large, stamens 
 included ; capsule ovate, 2-valved. Banks of the Penn River ; not 
 common. 
 
 3. A ROTUNDIFOLTA, Wight. Ic. t. 258. Stems diffuse pro- 
 cumbent ; branches erect; leaves large, orbicular, opposite, sessile; 
 spikes congested near the extremities of the branches ; flowers 
 solitary in the axils of broad ovate-cordate or orbicular bracteas ; 
 bracteoles very minute ; stamens longer than the calyx ; capsule 
 4-valved. 
 
 4. A INDICA, DC. Prod. 3, p 76. Procumbent ; leaves obovate 
 
97 
 
 opposite, spikes axillary; flowers sessile, solitary, in the axils 
 of obovate bracts; bracteoles subulate, membranaceous, shorter 
 than the tube of the calyx ; stamens as long as the calyx. Common 
 in watery places. Wight Ic. t. 257 A ; Ammania repens, Rottler, 
 in DC. Prod. 3, 80, No. 3. 
 
 3. AMMANIA, Hast. 
 
 1. A MULTIFLORA, Roxb. Fl Ind. i, 426. Stem erect, 4-sided, 
 angles sharp, sides convex; branches cross-armed; leaves opposite, 
 sessile linear, with an enlarged cordate base, stem-clasping ; 
 peduncles axillary, almost always solitary, about as long as the 
 smaller leaves, generally 3-flowered, or sometimes 9-flowered, petals 
 large, roundish, red. Water holes in the Deccan ; tetrandrous. 
 
 2. A OCTANDRA, Linn. Herbaceous ; stem 4-angled ; leaves 
 linear lanceolate sessile, acutely auricled at the base ; peduncles 
 axillary, very short, 1 to 3-flowered ; calyx 4-angled, angles winged ; 
 capsule 4-celled ; flowers minute, bright red. In wet ground ; 
 common. 
 
 3. A SALICIFOLTA, Monte. Leaves lanceolate, attenuated at 
 the base ; flowers almost sessile, 2 to 3 in the axils of the opposite 
 leaves; calyx half globose; capsule 1 -celled, opening transversely. 
 At Mai wan ; found also in Egypt and Italy. Syn. A verticellata, 
 Lam. Illust. t. 77, fiy 3. Sometimes the petals are wanting. 
 
 4. A BACCIFEKA, Linn. Leaves lanceolate, attenuated towards 
 the base ; flowers very minute, aggregated in the axils of the leaves, 
 almost sessile; calyx in fruit cup-shaped; petals none. Common. 
 The leaves are exceedingly acrid, and are used for raising blisters. 
 Syn. A vesicatoria, Roxb. Fl Ind. i, 426. 
 
 4. GRISLEA, Loffl. 
 
 1. TOMENTOSA, Roxb. Fl Tnd. ii, 233. A shrub; leaves 
 opposite, entire, lanceolate sessile, underside hoary and dotted with 
 black glands ; peduncles axillary, several-flowered ; flowers red, 
 rather handsome; capsule oblong. Very common throughout the 
 Concan and above the Ghauts, and in Gujarat to the south ; 
 flowers in the cold weather. Flowers used as a dye in Kandeish, 
 Dr. Gibson. Native name " Dhauree." Syn. Ly thrum fruticosum, 
 Linn. sp. p 641. 
 
 5. LAWSONIA, Linn. 
 
 1. ALBA, Lam. DC. Prod. 3, p 90. A much-branched shrub; 
 leaves small, opposite, entire, oval-lanceolate, glabrous ; flowers in a 
 large panicle, very numerous, white ; capsule globose membrana- 
 13c 
 
cecus, size of a pea; seeds numerous, angled. Generally cultivated 
 as a hedge in gardens, but indigenous in Guzerat. Used by women 
 for staining their hands and feet of an orange-colour. Native name 
 " Mendie." It is the Henne of Egypt. Syn. L spinosa, Linn. ; 
 Roxb. L inermis, Linn. ; Fl Ind. ii, 258. 
 
 6. LAGERSTRCEMIA, Linn. 
 
 1. PARVIFLORA, Roxb. Fl Ind. ii, 505. A very large tree, with 
 very white bark ; leaves from oblong or oval-obtuse to ovate-acute, 
 pale beneath ; peduncles axillary, 3 to 6-flowered ; flowers small ; 
 white ; capsule, small oblong, 3 to 4-celled. Very common in the 
 Warree country ; also on the Ghauts. Produces a very useful reddish 
 timber, called Benteak. Native name " Naneh," also " Bondareh." 
 
 2. REGINJS, Roxb. Fl Ind. ii, p 505. A tree ; leaves oblong, 
 glabrous ; panicles large, terminal; flowers large, purple, very showy ; 
 calyx tomentose, lonoitudinally furrowed and plaited. Jungles near 
 Nagotna, at Vingorla, and very common throughout the Southern 
 Concan. Maratha name " Taman." Syn. L flosegina, Retz. Obs. 
 i, p20; Adambea glabra, Lam. Encycl. Meth. i, 39. Wood very 
 valuable ; tough and almost indestructible. 
 
 3. LANCEOLATA, Wall. List 2120. A tree; leaves oblong- 
 lanceolate, smooth, rather glaucous ; flowers small, white ; capsule 
 very like an acorn, exceedingly hard. Common in the Warree 
 Country and Southern Ghauts. 
 
 7. SONNERATIA, Linn. 
 
 1. ACIDA, Linn. DC. Prod. 3, 231. A small tree; leaves 
 opposite, entire, thick, veinless, oval-oblong ; flowers, large, solitary; 
 fruit baccate, nearly globose, many-celled. In salt marshes, Sion 
 Causeway, Rutnagherry, Vingorla, &c. ; flowers in March. Syn. 
 Rhizophora caseolaris, Linn. 
 
 LXIII. ONAGRACE^E. 
 1. JUSSI^EA, Linn. 
 
 1. J REPENS, Linn. Maut. p 381. Herbaceous, glabrous, 
 creeping or floating, rooting at the joints ; leaves oblong obovate- 
 obtuse or retuse-petioled ; flowers on longish pedicels ; tube of the 
 calyx cylindrical, attenuated at the base ; lobes 5, lanceolate-acute ; 
 petals 5, obovate-retuse, yellow. Common on margins of tanks. 
 
 2. J VILLOSA, Lam. Tall, suffruticose ; leaves from broadly 
 lanceolate to linear acuminate, tapering into a short petiole ; flowers 
 axillary, almost sessile, yellow ; calyx lobes broadly lanceolate or 
 ovate, 4 to 5, much shorter than the rounded obovate petals. 
 
99 
 
 Lam. Encycl. Meth. iii, p 331 ; Syn. J exaltata, Roxb. Fl Ind. ii, 
 401 ; J fruticosa, DC. At Vingorla, and on the Ghauts. 
 
 2. LUDWIG1A, Roxb. 
 
 1. L PARVIFLORA, Roxb. Erect, annual, glabrous, branched; 
 leaves lanceolate ; flowers axillary, subsessile, yellow ; capsule 
 obsoletely 4 to 5-angled, 2 to 3 times longer than broad, 4 to 5- 
 celled. Concan ; very common. Syn. L perennis, Linn. sp. p 
 173; Rheed. Mai. ii, t. 49. 
 
 LXIV. HALORAGE.E. 
 
 1. iMYRIOPHYLLUM, Vaill. 
 
 1. M TETRANDRUM, Roxb. An aquatic floating herbaceous 
 plant; leaves verticellate, lower ones divided into capillary segments ; 
 flowers small, verticelled in the axils of the floral leaves, monoe- 
 cious ; stamens 4 ; carpels nearly smooth, and even blunt on the 
 back. Roxb. Fl Ind. i, 451. In tanks, common. 
 
 2. TRAPA, Linn. 
 
 1. T BISPINOSA, Roxb. Cor. iii, 234; Fl. Ind. i, 428. Herba- 
 ceous, floating plant ; lower leaves opposite, upper alternate, 
 tomentose beneath; flowers axillary; peduncles shorter than the 
 petioles ; fruit 2-horned, horns opposite, straight-conical, very 
 sharp. We have eaten the fruit boiled, and find it very like 
 potatoes. Native name " Shingaree." Water Chesnut of Anglo- 
 Indians. An important article of food in some parts; chiefly 
 found in tanks in Guzerat. 
 
 LXV. CUCURBITACEJE. 
 1. ZANONIA, Linn. 
 
 1. Z INDICA, Linn. Herbaceous, smooth, climbing, dioecious; 
 leaves rather large, elliptic, 3-nerved ; flowers racemose, on long 
 axillary peduncles, pale-yellow, small ; fruit obconico-cylindric, like 
 candle extinguishers. Very rare ; found only near Vingorla; the 
 fruit is ripe in May. 
 
 2. ZEHNERIA, Endl. 
 
 1. Z GARCINI, Stocks in Hook. Jour. Bot. iv, p 149. Stems 
 smooth, climbing; tendrils simple; leaves deeply 3 to 5-lobed, 
 bristle-toothed, more or less scabrous ; bracteas axillary, large, reni- 
 form ciliated; flowers minute; berries red, small, hammer-shaped, 
 
100 
 
 or inverse reniform, 2-seeded; seeds oblong, thickest at the margin. 
 Not common ; at Domus and on the Kattywar coast, plentiful. 
 Syn. Bryonia garcini, Willd. 
 
 2. Z CERASIFORMIS, Stocks loc. cit. Stems, leaves, and bracts 
 as in the preceding ; fruit globose, scarlet, clustered, like cherries ; 
 seeds 2, rather large, convex on one side and concave on the other. 
 This is one of the most beautiful of climbers, when covered with its 
 cherry-like fruit. Found in hedges at Gundar, in Guzerat, and in 
 Sind plentiful. 
 
 3. AECHMANDRA, Arnott. 
 
 1. A EPIG^EA, Arn. in Hook. Jour. Bot. iii, 274 (1841). 
 Stem glabrous, often very flexuose at the joints, tendrils simple ; 
 leaves somewhat fleshy on longish petioles, cordate, sometimes only 
 obtusely-angled, usually 3-lobed, lobes rounded, the lateral ones 
 broader and slightly 2-lobed, all remotely and slightly toothed ; 
 male flowers minute, yellow, shortly racemose, on the apex of u 
 long, naked, smooth peduncle ; female flowers solitary, sessile, in the 
 same axils as the male ; berry stalked, ovoid, smooth-beaked, green 
 at the base, scarlet above. Guzerat and the Deccan, pretty com- 
 mon; also in Sind. Seeds brown, with white corded margins. 
 
 2. A CENOCARPA, Dalz. Mss. A climber like the last, but 
 with the lobes of the leaves lanceolate-acute, the middle one much 
 longer than the others; male flowers about 15; peduncle 1 inch 
 long; fruit sessile, exactly narrow-conical, smooth, orange-red, 
 except the cup-shaped base, which remains green ; seeds black, 
 ovate, scarcely compressed, sides bulging. Hedges in Guzerat ; 
 near M alpor and Gundar. 
 
 3. A ROSTRATA, Arn. loc. cit. Stems slender, hairy or pube- 
 scent; tendrils simple; leaves on longish petioles, roundish-cordate, 
 sinuate-toothed, pubescent ; male flowers from 9 to 7 together on an 
 axillary peduncle ; small, yellow ; female solitary, very shortly 
 peduncled; berry roundish-depressed, slightly grooved, with a long 
 sudden beak, hairy, scarlet ; seeds bulging on each side, with a very 
 thin margin. Syn. Bryonia rostrata, Rottler. Hedges in Guzerat. 
 In these three species, the stamens are certainly opposite the seg- 
 ments of the corolla. In the first, the horns of the anthers are scarcely 
 visible; in the second, they are more developed; in the last, they 
 are very long; aestivation of corolla decidedly valvate ; the fruit 
 is 4-celled in all, one cell above the other, and the beak of the fruit 
 falls off like a Calyptra. A fourth species, all velvetty, grows in 
 Sind. A velutina, Dalz. Mss. 
 
 4. MUKIA, Arnott. 
 1, M SCABRELLA, Arnott, loc. cit. All hispid and scabrous ; 
 
101 
 
 tendrils simple ; leaves cordate, lobed or angled ; flowers short- 
 peduncled; male, fascicled ; female 1 to 4, in different axils from the 
 male ; berry globular, scarlet, size of a pea, smooth or sprinkled 
 with a few bristly hairs ; seeds surrounded by a narrow zone, 
 rugose, from numerous shallow hollows. Syn. Bryonia scabrella, 
 Linn. Common in every hedge. Native name " Chirati." 
 
 5. BRYONIA, Linn. 
 
 1. B LACINIOSA, Linn. Climbing; stems smooth; leaves 
 palmately 5-lobed, more or less deeply divided, segments oblong- 
 lanceolate, acuminated serrated ; petioles muricated ; male flowers 
 fascicled, female solitary in the same axil ; berry size of a cherry, 
 round, smooth, pale-red, with white streaks. Linn. sp. p 624. 
 Common in hedges. 
 
 2. B UMBELLATA, Herb. Madr. Dioscious ; root tuberous; 
 leaves shortly petioled, cordate or sagittate or hastate at the 
 base, the lobes longer than the petiole, 3 to 5-lobed, or palmately 
 5-partite, sinuate and sharply toothed ; male flowers umbelled or 
 shortly racemose, at the apex of a long slender peduncle; female 
 on a different plant, solitary, short-ped uncled ; berry oval or oblong, 
 size of a pigeon's egg, smooth, red when ripe. Common in hedges. 
 Native name " Gometta." Syn. Momordica umbellata, Roxb. Fl 
 Ind. iii, p 710. 
 
 3. B MYSORENSIS, Herb. Madr. Stems glabrous, smooth; 
 tendrils simple ; leaves cordate, repand-toothed, 5-angled or lobed ; 
 male flowers in a simple or proliferous umbel, at the apex of a long, 
 slender peduncle; female shortly peduncled, solitary, rarely um- 
 bellate, at the apex of a long peduncle ; berry longish-oval, glabrous, 
 copiously marked before maturity with small, shallow pits ; seeds 
 smooth, flat on the sides. Not common ; found only in the 
 Warree Country. 
 
 6. CITRULLUS, Necker. 
 
 1 . C COLOCYNTHIS, A rnott. loc. cit. Creeping ; stems scabrous ; 
 leaves glabrous and nearly quite smooth above, copiously muricated 
 beneath, with small, white, hair-bearing tubercles, many-cleft and 
 lobed, the lobes obtuse ; tendrils short and simple ; female flowers 
 solitary ; calyx tube globose and hispid ; fruit globose, glabrous, 
 variegated longitudinally with green and yellow, often only yellow, 
 especially when ripe. Eastern Deccan and Guzerat. Native 
 name " Indrayeen." Syn. Cucumis colocynthis, Linn. Extends 
 over Africa and Arabia, even to the shores of Spain. Mentioned in 
 the Old Testament under the names of " Paka" and " Pakuot." 
 From the fruit of this plant compound extract of Colocynth is 
 
102 
 
 prepared in large quantities at Hewra, for the supply of the 
 medical stores. 
 
 2. C VULGARTS, Schrader in Linn. t. xii, p 412. Leaves larger 
 and softer than in the preceding ; fruit also larger, uniform in colour 
 or sometimes marbled, glaucous, with a whitish powder, pulp sweet 
 and eatable, sometimes very bitter. This is the " Dilpussund" of 
 Guzerat gardeners, and is a very good vegetable. We know not 
 whether it is a native of the country or not, but we place it here, 
 as there has been much confusion of ideas regarding it. The 
 common Water Melon is a variety of this species, altered by long 
 cultivation. Syn. Cucumis citrullus, Linn. ; C fistulosus, Stocks 
 in Hook. Jour. Bot. iii, p 74, t. 3. 
 
 7. MOMORDICA, Linn. 
 
 1. M DIOICA, Roxb. Fl Ind. iii, p 709. Dioecious ; root 
 tuberous, perennial ; leaves longish-petioled, cordate at the base, 
 from entire to 3 to 4-lobed ; peduncles slender, male with a bracteole 
 close to the flower, cucullate, female with a smallish one near the 
 base ; flowers largish, yellow ; fruit ovate muricated, bursting irregu- 
 larly, showing the red arillas of the seed, which are black, shining, 
 and almost spherical. Very common. Native name " Kurtoli." 
 
 2. M CIIARANTIA, Linn. sp. 1433. Stems hairy; leaves 
 palmately 5-lobed, sinuate-toothed ; peduncles slender, with a reni- 
 fbrm bracteole ; male ones with the bracteole about the middle, 
 female with it near the base ; fruit oblong-ovate, or almost spherical, 
 tubercled. Native name " Kurela." Syn. M muricata, Willd ; M 
 Roxburghiana, Don ; Cucumis africanus, Lind. in Bot. Reg. t. 980. 
 Common as food after having been steeped in salt-water. 
 
 8. LUFFA, Tournef. 
 
 1. L AMARA, Roxb. Fl Ind. iii, p 715. Leaves 5 to 7-lobed, 
 when young whitish, and soft to the touch, at length rough; male 
 racemes long-peduncled ; fruit 3 to 4 inches long, ovoid, longitudi- 
 nally ribbed, lid deciduous ; flowers pale-yellow, closely allied to 
 L acutangula. Native name " Ran Toorai." Common in hedges. 
 
 2. L ECHINATA, Roxb. loc. dit Dioecious ; leaves somewhat 
 hairy, about 5-lobed, repand-toothed ; tendrils bifid ; flowers white, 
 1 inch in diameter; male racemes longer than the leaves; fruit 
 roundish-oval, clothed with long, straight, soft bristles. Not com- 
 mon; found only at Gundar, in Guzerat. 
 
 9. TRICHOSANTHES, Linn. 
 
 1. T CUCUMERINA, Linn. Annual, climbing; leaves broadly 
 cordate, 3 to 7-angled or lobed, toothed or serrated ; tendrils 
 
103 
 
 3-cleft; male flowers white, fringed, shortly racemose, at the apex 
 of a long peduncle ; female solitary, short-peduncled ; fruit 2 to 4 
 inches long, ovate-pointed. Very common in hedges in Guzerat, 
 also in Southern Concan ; flowers from August to October. Syn. 
 T laciniosa, Willd. sp. iv, 601. " Junglee Parole" of the Marathas. 
 Has a reputation in fevers. 
 
 2. T PALMATA, Roxb. Fl Tnd. iii, p 704. Perennial climbing ; 
 leaves deeply lobed, tendrils 3-cleft ; male flowers racemose ; 
 pedicels short, each furnished with an ovate-toothed bracteole ; fruit 
 globose, size of an orange and of the same colour, and not unlike 
 that of the Nux-Vomica. This plant is much esteemed in diseases 
 of cattle, and is called " Mukal" or " Koundal." In jungles near 
 the Ghauts, common ; elsewhere rare. 
 
 10. CUCUMIS, Linn. 
 
 1. C TRIGONUS, Roxb. Fl Ind. iii, 722. Root perennial, all 
 over rough and scabrous ; stems creeping, slender, very little 
 branched ; leaves polymorphous, 3 to 5 to 7-lobed, or sometimes 
 many-lobed ; female flowers few, larger than the male ones; ovary 
 densely covered with long hairs ; fruit small, oval, longitudinally 
 striped with light and dark-green, yellow and smooth when ripe; 
 pulp bitter. Syn. C pseudo colocynths, Royle Illust. t. 47, fig 2 ; 
 C eriocarpus, Boiss. Diagnos. ser. ii, p 59. Common all over the 
 Deccan ; extending from the Nelgherries to Cashmere, and also 
 Beloochisian, whence it was brought by Sir Bartle Frere. 
 
 2. C PUBESCENS, Willd. sp. iv, 614. Annual, all hirsute or 
 hispid, or scabrous ; leaves cordate at the base, sometimes reniform, 
 sometimes 3 to 7-lobed, with the sinuses rounded, ovary pubescent 
 and hirsute; fruit (in the Peninsular variety) covered with small 
 bristles, 1 to H inch long, oval or oblong. Common in the 
 Deccan ; fruit eaten. In Sind it is cultivated and sold in the 
 bazars under the name of " Chiber." Syn. C maderaspatanus and 
 turbinatus, Roxb. Fl Ind. iii, 723. Nandin considers this as the 
 parent of the.Cucumis Melo, or Sweet Melon. The variety found 
 in Sind was published by Dr. Stocks in Hooker's Journal as 
 C cicatrisatus, vol. iv, p 148. The Cucumis prophetarum is com- 
 mon in Sind. 
 
 11. COCCINIA, W. and A. 
 
 1. C INDICA, W. and A. Prod. 1, p 347. Dioecious, climbing, 
 smooth ; leaves entire or 5-angled or lobed, or deeply palmately 
 5-cleft ; peduncles solitary, axillary, 1 -flowered ; corolla large, white ; 
 fruit oblong, red when ripe. Syn. Bryonia grandis, Linn. ; Rheed. 
 Mai. viii, t, 14 ; Rumph. Amb. v, t. 166. Hedges, common. 
 
104 
 
 LXVI. PASSIFLORACE^E. 
 1. MODECCA, Linn. 
 
 1. M PALMATA, Lam. Root large, woody, fusiform, appearing 
 above the ground ; leaves from cordate acuminate (on young plants) 
 to palmately 3 to 5-lobed, smooth, with two flat glands at the base, 
 and one below each sinus between the lobes ; fruit globular, size of 
 a Crab-apple, of a bright orange-yellow. Rare, found only at 
 Malwan and in southern jungles above the Ghauts ; in flower in 
 April. The description, under Graham's No. 625, refers to the 
 Trichosanthes. Syn. Modecca tuberosa, Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii, p 134. 
 
 LXVII. BEGONIACE^l. 
 1. BEGONIA, Linn. 
 
 1. CRENATA, Dryander. First described from specimens taken 
 from Salsette to England by Dr. Hove in 1 789, vide Linn. Trans, 
 vol. i, p 162 ; a delicate herbaceous plant, with semicordate 
 leaves, and pink or white flowers. Common on rocks and trees in 
 the rainy season. 
 
 2. I NTEGRIFOLIA, Dalz. in Hook. Jour. Bot. vol. iii, p 230. Root 
 tuberous ; stem herbaceous ; leaves obliquely ovate-obtuse, cordate 
 at the base, margins entire, hispid, with white hairs on both sides, 
 blood-red below, peduncles dichotomous ; flowers small, white ; 
 capsules glabrous, 3-winged, one of the wings larger than the others ; 
 stem 6 to 8 inches high ; leaves 7 inches long, 4 broad. On rocks 
 on the Ghauts ; flowers in the rains. Found also in Ceylon, 
 according to DeCandolle, but not named in Thwaites' Enumeration. 
 
 3. TRICHOCARPA, Dalz. loc. cit. Root tuberous ; stem herba- 
 ceous, half a foot high, leaf one radical, large, unequally cordate 
 acuminate, sinuate-dentate, wrinkled, minutely lacerated on the 
 margin, green on both sides, hispid on both sides ; flowers terminal 
 umbelled ; pedicels hispid, an inch long ; capsule hispid, with three 
 equal obtuse wings ; leaves 7 inches long and broad ; flowers white, 
 2 inches in diameter. Grows with the preceding. 
 
 4. B CONCANENSIS, Alph. DC. in Annales des. Soc. Nat. Tom. 
 xi, p 126. Tuberous ; stem short, herbaceous, smooth ; leaves 
 ovate acute-cordate, palmately 7 to 9-nerved, undulate-dentate, and 
 with smaller teeth, hairy ; stipules ovate-lanceolate, bracts lanceolate, 
 slightly ciliated ; capsule turbinate, with the larger wing ovate- 
 triangular. This we do not know; the specimens were from the 
 Hookerian herbarium, 
 
105 
 
 LXVIII. CRASSULACE^. 
 
 1. KALANCHOE, Adans. 
 
 1. RTTCHIEANA, Dalz. in Hook. Jour. Bot. iv, p 346. 1 j foot 
 high, herbaceous, glaucous ; stem simple erect, succulent, 4-sided ; 
 leaves oblong, narrower towards the base, perfoliate, decussate, thick 
 and fleshy, with the margin obscurely toothed, lower ones approxi- 
 mated, glabrous, upper ones viscid and glandular, smaller, inflores- 
 cence terminal ; racemes panicled, viscid and glandular ; calyx 
 4-divided to near the middle ; corolla nearly twice as long as the 
 calyx, divisions of the limb oblong, mucronate. On the hill of 
 Caktay, between Belgaum and Sholapore, Dr. Ritchie. 
 
 2. LACINIATA, DC. PI Gr. t. 100. Leaves decompound and 
 pinnatifid, the segments oblong-acute, coarsely toothed, upper ones 
 nearly entire; sepals lanceolate acuminate, spreading; cyme 
 panicled ; flowers yellow. Syn. Cotyledon laciniata, Linn. Wild 
 on the hills near Dharwar. 
 
 3. PINNATA, Pas. Syn. p 446. Fleshy, erect, suffruticose, with 
 thick ovate-crenated opposite leaves, and terminal panicles of 
 pendulous tubular yellowish-red flowers. Very common in the 
 Warree Country and near Belgaum. Syn. Bryophyllum calycinum ; 
 Colytedon rhizophylla, Roxb. Fl Ind. ii, 456; Bot. Mag t. 1409. 
 
 2. TILLAEA, Linn. 
 
 1. T PENTANDRA, Royle ; Edgeworth in Linn. Trans, xx, 
 50. Stems creeping ; branches erect, leafy ; leaves opposite subper- 
 foliate, rather fleshy, subulate acute, mucronate ; flower bearing 
 branchlets, axillary solitary, sessile, or shortly peduncled ; sepals 
 5, subulate ; petals 5, lanceolate-acute ; carpels minute, 2-seeded ; 
 seeds ovoid, shining. Concan. This we have not seen, but it was 
 found in Dr. Stock's Herbarium as growing in the Concan. 
 
 LXIX. UMBELLIFERZE. 
 
 1. HYDROCOTYLE, Tournef. 
 
 1. II ASIATICA, Linn. A slender herbaceous plant; leaves 
 orbicular reniform, crenated, attached by the margin, 7-nerved, 
 glabrous ; petioles and peduncles fascicled ; umbels capitate, 
 shortly peduncled, 3 to 4-flowered ; fruit orbicular, reticulated, 
 with 4 ribs on each of the flat sides. In moist places in the rains ; 
 not common. Wight Ic. t. 565. 
 
106 
 
 2. HELOSCIADIUM, Koeh. 
 
 1. H HEYNEANUM, DC. Prod. 4, p 106. Annual, glabrous, 
 2 feet high ; ?tem erect, slightly branched ; leaves long-petioled, 
 ternnte, segments shortly petioled, lanceolate acuminate or tripartite, 
 toothed ; umbels long-peduncled, without involucre or involucels ; 
 rays 5 to '20, elongated, partial umbels 5 to tf-flowered ; fruit orbi- 
 cular, glabrous. The Concans ; flowers in August and September. 
 Syn. Anethum trifoliatum, Koxb. Fl Ind ii, p 96, not Apium tri- 
 foliatum, as stated by W. and A. 
 
 3. PIMPINELLA, Linn. 
 
 1. INVOLUCRATA, W. and A. Prod. l,p 369. Stem erect, 2 to 
 3 feet, dichotomous, glaucous ; leaves ternate, cut and pinnated, or 
 Sometimes entire in the upper leaves, lobes in the lower leaves 
 linear-oblong and short ; umbels with 6 to 8 rays ; leaflets of the 
 involucre and involucel about 6, subulate entire, styles reflexed ; 
 fruit slightly ribbed, minutely muricated all over. Very common in 
 the Concans. Syn. Apium involucratum, Roxb. Fl Ind. ii, p 97; 
 Ptychotis roxburghiana, DC. Prod. 4, p 109. 
 
 2. P LATERIFLORA, Dalz. 1 to 1| foot high, puberulous, erect; 
 leaves ternate, leaflets twice ternately divided, lobes of the lower 
 leaves lanceolate, of the upper linear, all acute and mucronate ; 
 peduncles long, slender, leaf-opposed ; umbels 3 to 10, involucre of 
 3 to 7 subulate leaflets; involucel leaves similar, about 7, as long 
 as the pedicels ; flowers pink ; fruit densely covered with small 
 granular tubercles. Ravines in the Deccan ; common. 
 
 3. ADSCENDENS, Dalz. in Hook. Jour. Bot. ii, p 261. Stems 
 diffuse ascending ; leaves radical-pinnated, half a foot long; leaflets 6 
 pair, rounded-ovate, truncate or cuneate at the base, coarsely 
 and unequally crenate serrate, stem leaves few ; leaflets 1 to 2 
 pair, uppermost ones much divided; flowers white; fruit ovate, 
 minutely bristly. Banks of rivers in the Concan. The whole 
 plant smells like Parsley. 
 
 4. MONOICA, Dalz. loc. cit. iii, p 212. Stem 6 to 8 feet high, 
 round, glabrous, smooth, simple below, branched above ; branches 
 alternate and bifarious, lower leaves long-petioled, pinnately trifo- 
 liolate, partial petioles long, leaflets cordate lanceolate with minute 
 cartilaginous teeth, upper leaves multifid, divisions filiform or 
 reduced to mere sheaths; involucre one-leaved or none; involucel 
 few-leaved, terminal ; umbels fruit-bearing, lateral ones male; fruit 
 covered with pellucid granules; flowers white, appear in November 
 on the highest Ghauts. 
 
107 
 
 4. POLYZYGUS, Dalz. 
 
 1. TUBEROSUS, Dalz. Mss. in Hook. Jour. Bot. ii, p 260. 
 Glabrous, one foot high ; roots tuberous ; stern erect with few 
 branches, angled and furrowed above ; leaves twice tern ate ; leaflets 
 three times ternate, pinnately divided, segments cuneate and ovate, 
 unequally serrated ; umbels terminal and axillary, naked; involucre 
 none; involucel 3-leaved ; flowers white; fruit compressed on the 
 back, smooth, shining, many-ribbed ; commissure with 8 vittse. 
 Malvvan; flowers in June and July, 
 
 5. PASTINACA. 
 
 1. GLAUCA, Dalz. loc. cit. vol. iv, p 293. Glabrous glaucous ; 
 Ftem rigid, scarcely branched ; leaves radical, somewhat coriaceous, 
 long-petioled, pinnately divided ; leaflets 3 to 5, sometimes entire, 
 more frequently deeply 2 to 3-lobed ; lobes obovate mucronate 
 entire; involucre and involucel leaves few, lanceolate; flowers 
 yellow ; fruit broadly oval ; vittae linear, solitary between the ribs ; 
 commissure with 2 vittae. In pastures near Belgaum. Native 
 name " Kolund." The root is eaten, and has the taste and odour 
 of a Carrot. 
 
 2. P GRANDIS. 3 feet high ; root large, woody, perennial, all 
 quite smooth ; leaves mostly radical, long-petioled, bipinnate; leaflets 
 trilobate; lobes large rounded, margins crenate serrate, shining on 
 both sides ; cauline leaves 1 to 2, biternate ; stem as thick as the 
 little finger at the base, round, smooth, striated ; involucre and 
 involucel leaves oblong or obovate-obtuse, partial rays numerous, 
 many-flowered; flowers yellow; fruit large, broadly obovate; 
 commissure with 4 linear vittse. The Ghauts near Bombay. 
 Native name " Baphullee." 
 
 6. HERACLEUM. 
 
 1. CONCANENSE, Dalz. in Hook. Jour. Bot. ii, p 260. 2 feet in 
 height, all hispid with spreading hairs ; stem striated, dichotomously 
 branched ; leaves twice ternate ; leaflets 3-lobed, or ternately cut, 
 segments ovate, cuneate at the base, unequally serrated, upper leaves 
 reduced to a sheathing petiole ; involucre 1 to 3-leaved ; involucel 
 5-leaved, the leaflets ovate acuminate, 3-nerved ; flowers white ; 
 fruit ovate, glabrous; dorsal vittae 10; commissure with 6 vittse. 
 Hills in the Concan ; flowers in July. 
 
 2. H PINDA. 1 to l foot high ; root perennial, as thick as the 
 finger, the whole plant clothed with long, weak, white, flat hairs ; 
 stem erect-branched ; leaves mostly radical, long-petioled, bipin- 
 nately divided ; segments cuneate at the base, coarsely toothed, the 
 teeth mucronate ; umbels terminal, with 6 to 8 rays ; radii unequal < 
 
108 
 
 involucre of 1 to 3 broad ovate acute foliaceous leaflets, partial of 
 
 3 leaflets of the same shape on the exterior side ; flowers white, 
 exterior petals large obcordate, deeply bilobed ; seeds smooth 6 
 vittae on the back, 2 on the commissure. On Hursur and Hurry- 
 chunder hill-forts; flowers in July and August. Eaten by the 
 natives, who call it " Pinda." 
 
 3. -H GRANDIFLORUM. Root as in the preceding ; stem short, 
 smooth, covered by the sheathing; bases of the leaves ; leaves long- 
 petioled trifoliolate ; leaflets deeply 3-lobed, segments pinnatih'd 
 acuminate, sparingly strigose above, smooth and pale beneath, 
 margins ciliated ; umbels terminal, with about 12 rays; involucre of 
 one many-nerved, rounded or oblong-acuminate leaflet ; involucels 
 3, rhomboid-ovate, acuminate, as long as the rays ; flowers white, 
 outer petals very large, deeply divided ; fruit not seen, has much 
 the character of Tordyliopsis. Along with the preceding. 
 
 4. H TOMENTOSUM. 2 feet high ; stems, petioles, and rays 
 shortly tomentose ; leaves on very long petioles, tripinnate ; leaflets 
 small, cuneate at the base, closely and sharply toothed, teeth ending 
 in a bristle-point, slightly puberulous on both sides ; involucre of one 
 long capillary leaflet ; involucel of 3 filiform leaflets ; fruit not 
 seen, and the genus doubtful. The leaves are very like those of 
 Dasyloma Bengalense. Found along with the preceding. 
 
 5. H SPRENGELIANUM, W. and A. Prod. 1, p 372. Stem 
 branched, furrowed, harshly puberulous towards the top ; leaves with 
 scattered hairs, often densely villous beneath ; segments acute or 
 rounded ; petals equal ; fruit nearly orbicular ; vittae on the back 
 linear-acute, a little shorter than the fruit ; vittae on the commissure 
 
 4 to 6, the exterior ones much shorter. Wight Ic. t. 1U08. On 
 the road between Belgaum and the Ram Ghaut. 
 
 7. BUPLEURUM, Tournef. 
 
 1 . B FALCATUM, Linn. Var. ramosissimum, W. and A. Prod. 
 p370. Perennial, diffuse and much-branched ; leaves oblong-linear 
 with a long mucro, narrowed towards the base, amplexicaul 5 to 9- 
 nerved ; general umbels with 5 to 8 rays, partial with 8 to 12 
 flowers ; leaflets of involucre and involucel about 5, oblong-linear 
 mucronate ; fruit strongly ribbed ; interstices with I to 2 vittae. In 
 the Dharwar Collectorate. 
 
 LXX. ARALIACE^E. 
 1. HEDERA, Linn. 
 
 1. H WALLICHIANA. A strong woody climber with digitate 
 leaves; leaflets 8 to 10, long-petioled, oblong-pointed, quite entire, 
 
109 
 
 coriaceous ; thyrses numerous at the ends of the branches ; flowers 
 pedicelled and umbelled, numerous; berry 6-celled. W. and A. 
 Prod. 1, 377. At Moolus, foot of the Ram Ghaut, and other 
 similar places ; pretty common. 
 
 LXXI. ALANGIACE^E. 
 1. ALANGIUM, Linn. 
 
 1. A LAMARCKII, Thwaites' Enum. PI Zeyl. i, 133. A small 
 tree, with the branches more or less spinescent; leaves narrow- 
 oblong or ovate-lanceolate ; flowers few, axillary fascicled, whitish ; 
 petals 6 to 10, linear reflexed ; berry small, oval. Elephanta ; Virdee 
 jungles; Concans, not uncommon ; also common in Deccan wastes. 
 Syn. A decapetalum, Hexapetalum, and Tomentosum, Lam. 
 
 LXXII. LORANTHACE.E. 
 1. LORANTHUS, Linn. 
 
 1 . L WALLICHIANUS, Schult. Glabrous ; branches terete ; 
 leaves somewhat alternate, ovate, obtuse, acute at the base ; racemes 
 1 to 3 axillary, a half shorter than the leaves, fascicled at the 
 knots of the branches, simple ; flowers small-pedicelled, bractes 
 lateral cucullate ; petals 4, linear-cuneate ; berry almost globular, 
 at length reflexed. Schult. syst. vii, p 100; L terrestris, Heyne; 
 L tetrandrus, Heyne. Parwar Ghaut. 
 
 2. L CAPITELLATUS, W. and A. Prod, p 382. Glabrous ; 
 branches terete, young shoots 2-edged ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, 
 short-petioled ; petiole sharply keeled ; flowers sessile capitate, 
 few together ; heads axillary, sessile, limb of the calyx entire ; 
 flower-buds 6-angled above ; segments of corolla cuneate linear, 
 spreading. Chorla Ghaut, parasitic- on Gnidia eriocephala. 
 
 3. ELASTICUS, Desv. in Encyc. Meth. iii, 599. Glabrous, 
 dichotomous ; branches terete ; leaves sessile, oblong or ovate- 
 lanceolate, thick and coriaceous, obscurely 5-nerved ; flowers 
 subsessile, fascicled around the knots of the branches ; corolla 
 5-cleft, one of the fissures deeper than the others ; segments long 
 narrow-linear, revolute ; fruit ovoid. Vingorla ; flowers in July. 
 
 4. INVOLUCRATUS, Roxb. Fl Ind. i, 552. Leaves short- 
 petioled, ovate and ovate-cordate, 3 to 4 inches long; umbellets 
 axillary, crowded, subsessile; involucres 4-leaved, 4-flowered, 
 leaflets ovate-lanceolate, smooth ; corol tube villous, border 
 5-parted ; segments linear revolute ; ovary sericeous. Beemasunker, 
 Dr. Gibson. 
 
 5. OBTUSATUS, Wall. Branches speckled; leaves opposite or 
 
110 
 
 alternate, ovate-obtuse, glabrous ; racemes 1 to 2, axillary, as long or 
 longer than the leaves, simple ; flowers pedicelled ; flower-bud 
 sharply 4-angled ; petals 4, linear ; berry nearly globose. Rotunda 
 Ghaut, Mahableshwur ; flowers in May, 
 
 6. LONICEROIDES, Linn sp. p 473. Glabrous; branches terete, 
 young ones slightly '2-edo'ed ; leaves ovate or oblong-lanceolate 
 acuminated ; peduncles axillary, solitary, opposite to the petiole, 
 bearing at the apex a few sessile flowers; bracts 3 at the base of 
 each ovary, roundish acute concave; corolla tubular, curved, equally 
 6-cleft ; segments cuneate, linear, spreading. Island of Caranjah ; 
 the Cancans. Syn. L coriaceus, Desv. ; L umbellatus, Heyne in 
 Roth. nov. sp. p 192. 
 
 7. BUDDLEOIDES, Desv, in Encyc. Meth.iii, p 600. Branches 
 terete, glabrous ; young shoots sometimes tomentose ; leaves from 
 elliptic to cordate-ovate, thinnish, firm, at first furfuraceous on the 
 underside ; peduncles axillary crowded, very short, few -flowered ; 
 flower-bud clavate; fruit turbinate. On Asanna and Kurmul trees, 
 at Kandalla ; flowers in February and March. Syn. L scurrula, 
 Roxb. Fl Ind. i, 550 ; L Heynei, DC. Prod, iv, p 300. 
 
 8. LONGIFLORUS, Desv. loc. cit. p 498. Glabrous; leaves usu- 
 ally opposite, sometimes alternate, from linear to oblong-lanceolate 
 or ovate-obtuse ; racemes axillary, solitary or in pairs, simple, many- 
 flowered, much shorter than the leaves ; bractes concave oblique ; 
 close to the ovary ; corolla long inf'undibuliform curved ; segments 
 5, linear recurved, one of the fissures deeper than the others ; 
 flowers greenish-white. The commonest species in the Concan ; 
 extends into Guzerat. Syn. L, bicolor, Roxb, Cor. t. 139; Fl hid. 
 i, 54s ; L krenigianus, Ao-ardh in Schult. syst. vii, p 108. 
 
 9. L LAGENIFKHUS, Wight I.e. 3U6 Glabrous ; branches terete; 
 leaves opposite petioled, elliptic, oblong-obtuse, rounded at the base ; 
 peduncles fascicled, having at the apex a large campanulate 4 to 5- 
 lobed involucrum, inside of which are 4 to 5 flowers. This curious 
 species, which is pretty common on the higher hills, extends 
 to Malabar. 
 
 10. L CUNEATUS, Heyne; Wight Ic. t. 305. Covered with a 
 grey pubescence when young ; branches terete ; leaves alternate 
 or fascicled in pairs, narrow-oblong or obovate-obtuse, cuneate at 
 the base ; umbels peduncled ; flowers 2 to 5, shortly-pedicelled, 
 clothed with short tomentum ; corol tubular, 5-cleft; segments linear. 
 Par war Ghaut and Tullawarree. Syn. L goodeniiflorus and Can- 
 dolleanus, W. and A. Prod. Found also at Gondabyle. 
 
 3. VISCUM, Tournef. 
 
 1 V ANGULATUM, Heyne. Leafless ; stems and older branches 
 terete or obscurely many-angled, dichotomous, younger ones 
 
Ill 
 
 opposite or verticillate, 4-angled, jointed equal between the joints ; 
 flowers sessile, opposite or verticillate at the joints; berries nearly 
 globose. Chorla Ghaut, growing on Olea paniculata; flowers in 
 April. 
 
 LXXIII. RUBIACE.E. 
 
 1. SPERMACOCE, Linn. 
 
 1. HISPIDA, Linn. Maut. p 558. Herbaceous, diffuse, hairy or 
 scabrous; leaves from obovate-oblong to roundish ; bristles of the 
 stipules longer than the hirsute sheath; flowers few, axillary sessile, 
 white ; tube of the corolla wide ; capsule 2-seeded. A common weed. 
 
 2. KNOXIA. 
 
 1, CORYMBOSA, Willd. sp. 1, p 582. Stem somewhat shrubby, 
 erect, more or less hirsute; leaves lanceolate, hispid on the upper- 
 side, under pubescent; cymes corymbose, often very compound; 
 flowers white, numerous ; fruit 2-celled ; cells one-seeded. On 
 Wag Donger, near Vingorla ; flowers in August. Syn. K teres, 
 DC. Prod. 4, 569; K exserta, DC. loc. cit ; Spermacoce teres, 
 Roxb. Fl Ind. i, 367; S exserta, Roxb. loc. cit; S sumatrensis, 
 Retz.Obs. iv, p 23. 
 
 3. GEOPHILA, Don. 
 
 1. G RENIFORMIS, Don. Herbaceous creeping plant ; petioles 
 and peduncles hirsute or pubescent ; leaves roundish-cordate ; 
 peduncles 2 to 3-flowered, shorter than the leaf; corolla tubular, 
 hairy in the throat, with 5 ovate recurved lobes. At Vingorla. 
 Syn. Psychotria herbacea, Linn. sp. p 245. 
 
 4. PSYCHOTRIA. 
 
 1. AMBTGUA, W. and A. Prod. 1, p 433. Shrubby, erect, 
 glabrous; leaves oblong-lanceolate, tapering at the base ; corymbs 
 terminal, peduncled, trichotomous, lax, somewhat fleshy ; flower-bud 
 clavate and curved ; corolla tubular, white, 6 to 8 times longer than 
 the calyx ; fruit globose, with ten small ribs. Parwar Ghaut. 
 
 5. GRUMILEA. 
 
 1. VAGINNANS, Dalz. Mss. Shrubby, erect, glabrous; leaves 
 large obovate ; stipules ovate or lanceolate-acute, caducous, 1 to 2 
 inches long, combined into a sheathing tube ; corymb terminal 
 peduncled, panicle-shaped, trichotomous, puberulous ; flowers small, 
 
112 
 
 white; fruit like black pepper. Chorla Ghaut. Syn. Psychotria 
 vaginnans, W. and A. Prod, p 434. Mahableshwur ; rare. 
 
 6. SAPROSMA, Blume. 
 
 1. INDICUM, Dalz. in Hook. Jour. Bot. iii, p 37. A shrub ; 
 branches round dichotomous, glabrous ; leaves sessile obovate- 
 elliptic, attenuated towards the base, entire, margins recurved ; 
 stipules solitary between the petioles, sheathing the stem; flowers 
 few, terminal, fascicled, very shortly pedicelled ; berries ovoid, 
 smooth, blue, very foetid, crowned with the calyx teeth, one or two- 
 seeded. Chorla Ghaut. Syn. Dysidodendron glomeratum, 
 Gardn. in Calc. Jour. Nat. Hist. vii, p 3. Thwaites thinks this 
 plant is a Serissa. 
 
 7. PAVETTA, Linn. 
 
 1. INDICA, Linn. sp. p 160. A shrub about 3 feet high; 
 leaves oval oblong acuminated, upper surface glabrous and shining ; 
 stipules broad, corymbs terminal and from the upper axils ; flowers 
 white ; corolla half inch long. Caranjah Hill ; the Ghauts ; common. 
 Syn. P alba, Vahl. Symb. iii, p 11; Ixora paniculata, Lam. 
 Encycl. Meth. iii, 344 ; I pavetta, lloxb. Fl Ind. i, 386. " Paput," 
 Maratha. 
 
 2. SIPHONANTHA, Dalz. in Hook. Jour. Bot. ii, p 133. A 
 shrub ; leaves membranaceous elliptic-oblong, suddenly acumin- 
 ated, attenuated into a short petiole ; stipules cuneate mucronate, 
 hairy within ; corymbs axillary and terminal ; tube of the corolla 
 very long (I {inch); style long and slender, twice the length of 
 the corolla ; flowers white. Parpoolee Ghaut ; flowers in May. 
 
 3. BRUNONIS, Wall. ; Wight Ic 1065. Soft and villous all over ; 
 leaves obovate ; stipules and bracteas broad, membranous; peduncles 
 trichotomous, with the branches dense and corymbose ; lobes of 
 the calyx triangular-obtuse. Syn. Pavetta villosa, Roth. nov. sp. 
 p 88. In hedges at Vingorla. 
 
 8. IXORA. 
 
 1. CocciNE.\, Linn. sp. p 159. Shrubby, 2 to 3 feet high, 
 glabrous ; leaves opposite oblong-obtuse ; stem-clasping, coriaceous ; 
 corymbs terminal, crowded; flowers numerous, of a beautiful 
 crimson ; berry size of a large pea, smooth, fleshy when ripe, purple. 
 This is the indigenous red-flowered species in the Presidency. 
 The Concans ; common. We have seen this in Ceylon, whence 
 Linnaeus obtained his specimens. It is highly probable that I. 
 bandhuca of Roxb. Fl Ind. i, 376, is identical. Syn. I grandiflora, 
 DC. Prod. 4, 486 ; Hook. Bot. Misc. Suppl. t. 35 ; I obovata, 
 Heyne in Roth. nov. sp. p 90. 
 
113 
 
 2. NIGRICANS, Br. Shrubby, glabrous; leaves oblong-lanceo- 
 late, shining on both sides, turns black in drying ; corymbs 
 trichotomous, large, open; flowers white, lax, one inch long; 
 berries globose. Very common in thick-shaded jungles of the 
 Ghauts. " Katkoora" of the Marathas. 
 
 3. PARVIFLORA, Vahl. Symb. iii, p 2, t. 52. A small erect- 
 growing tree ; leaves short-petioled, from linear-oblong to cuneate- 
 obovate, coriaceous, and hard shining corymbs and panicles, terminal 
 trichotomous ; flowers very small, numerous, white or pink. Common 
 on the Ghauts. This makes excellent firewood. Syn. I arborea, 
 Smith in Ree's Cycl. ; I pavetta, Andr. Bot. Rep. t. 78 ; 1 decipiens, 
 DC. Prod. 4, 4H8. Native name " Koorat ;" makes good torches. 
 
 4. I PEDUNCULATA, Dalz. in Hook. Jour. Bot. iii, p 121. A 
 shrub ; leaves shortly-petioled, elliptic, coriaceous, glabrous ; stipules 
 triangular, shortly cuspidate ; panicle terminal trichotomous, small, 
 lax, terminating a long naked peduncle ; flowers numerous, small, 
 pink. Near Parwar Ghaut, Kala Kooda, and Beemasunker ; 
 flowers in February. 
 
 9. CANTHIUM, Lam. 
 
 1. C UMBELLATUM, Wight Ic. 1034. A most beautiful tree, 
 with dark-green, oval, coriaceous leaves ; young branches 4-sided ; 
 flowers axillary, white, umbelled on the apex of a short, stout 
 peduncle ; fruit obovate, didymous, warted, size of a large pea. 
 Pretty common in stony places above the Ghauts, and very 
 ornamental. The wood is close-grained, of a light-chocolate colour, 
 but black in the centre. Native name " Ursool." 
 
 2. C LESCHENAULTII, W. and A. Prod, p 426. Shrubby, 
 climbing ; old branches armed with short supra-axillary thorns ; 
 young shoots long, slender, often unarmed; petioles shortish-twisted;, 
 leaves opposite, or 3 to 4-verticillate, oblong, much acuminate, acute 
 at the base ; cymes axillary, short-peduncled, 3 to 5-flowered ; 
 segments of the corolla linear-lanceolate acuminate, reflexed ; 
 drupe obcordate, black when ripe. At Moolus, foot of Ram 
 Ghaut. Wight Ic. 826. 
 
 3. C PARVIFLORUM, Lam. Shrubby, usually with opposite 
 horizontal thorns a little above the axils, sometimes unarmed ; leaves 
 ovate glabrous, often fascicled on the young shoots ; racemes 
 short, axillary, few-flowered ; drupe obovate, slightly emarginate, 
 compressed, furrowed on each side, ripe in July. Ghauts between 
 Belgaum and Nepanee, Deccan ; rare. Native name " Keernee." 
 
 4. C RHEEDEI, DC. Prod, iv, p 474. Shrubby, armed with 
 supra-axillary thorns ; branches hirsute ; leaves ovate or oval- 
 lanceolate, acuminate, upperside shining, under with a tuft of 
 hairs in the axils of the nerves ; flowers axillary, shortly-pedicelled, 
 
 15 c 
 
114 
 
 few, fascicled, or in a short raceme; drupe obovate, emarginate. 
 This \ve have not seen. Said by Graham to grow in the Concau, 
 and at Sewree Fort, Bombay. 
 
 10. MORINDA, Vaill. 
 
 1. M HRACTEATA, Roxb. Fl Ind. i, 544. A small tree, quite 
 glabrous ; leaves large, oval-oblong, pointed at both ends, shining ; 
 stipules broader than long, rounded ; heads of flowers short-pe- 
 duncle.d, leaf-opposed, solitary bracteate ; bracteas few, foliaceous ; 
 corolla Ion , infundibuliform, white ; berries concreted into a round- 
 ish smooth fruit. At Malwan and Vingorla. We have not seen 
 this species further north. 
 
 2. iVI CITRIFOLIA, Linn. Somewhat arboreous, glabrous, 
 branchlets 4-angled ; leaves oval, attenuated at both ends, 
 shinir.ii; ; stipules membranaceous, obtuse ; heads of flowers short- 
 peduucled. without bracts; flowers white. Very common in 
 many places. Native name " Aal" or " Bartoondie." The roots 
 are med in dyeing. M tinctoria, Roxb. Fl Ind. i, 543. 
 
 3. M TOMENTOSA, Heyne in Roth nov. sp. p 147. A small 
 tree ; young branches 4-angled, tomentose ; leaves roundish-ovate 
 acuminate, shortly tomentose on both sides ; stipules bifid ; pedun- 
 cles axillary, solitary, longer than the petiole, tomentose ; heads 
 without bracts, few flowers ; flowers white ; flowers in April. 
 Common in Concan, south of Poorundur Fort in the Deccan. 
 Syn. M mudia, Ham. in Linn. Trans, xiii, 536. 
 
 11. VANGUERIA, Comm. 
 
 1 . EDULIS, Vahl. Symb. iii, p 36. A small tree ; leaves ovate or 
 oblong, membranaceous, glabrous ; cymes helow the leaves from the 
 old cicatrices ; flowers greenish-white ; fruit round, smooth, size of 
 an apple, containing 5 one-seeded nuts; the flowers appear in the 
 cold weather. Common in the Concan and on the Ghauts. Syn. 
 V spinosa, Roxb. Fl Ind. i, 536 (?) ; V cymosa, Gaert. Fr. p 74, t. 
 193; V madagascariensis, Gmel. syst. ; V commersonii, Desf. ; 
 Vananga chinensis, Rottr. Native name " Aloo." Fruit is eaten, 
 but is by no means palatable. 
 
 12. SANTIA, W. and A. 
 
 1. VENULOSA, W. and A. Prod, p 422. Shrubby; branches 
 and young shoots glabrous ; leaves short-petioled, elliptic-oblong, 
 shortly-pointed, glabrous above, hirsute on the nerves beneath ; 
 veins numerous, transverse, prominent on the upperside ; peduncles 
 
115 
 
 axillary, short," hirsute, bearing 3 to 4 flowers at their apex ; drupe 
 somewhat globose, crowned with the erect subulate teeth of the 
 calyx. On the Ghauts, but very rare. 
 
 13. HAMILTONIA, Roxb. 
 
 1. MYSORENSIS, W. and A. Prod, p 423. A small erect- 
 growing shrub, with slender rigid branches ; leaves oblong or 
 oval-lanceolate, with a short rigid pubescence ; panicles corymbose, 
 trichotomous pubescent ; flowers fascicled, small, white. 1 n rocky 
 places. Island of Caranjah ; on the Ghauts ; pretty common. 
 Native name " Geedesa." 
 
 14. DENTELLA, Forst. 
 
 1 . REPENS, Forst. An herbaceous, annual, creeping plant ; 
 stems filiform, branched, glabrous ; leaves oblong, attenuated at the 
 base ; flowers small, white, tender, axillary solitary, alternate, very 
 shortly pedicelled ; capsule hirsutely villous, 2-celled ; seeds 
 numerous. Common in moist situations. Syn. Oldeulandia repens, 
 Linn. Maut. p 40 j Hedyotis repens, Lam. 
 
 15. HEDYOTIS, Linn. 
 
 1. LESCHENAULTIANA, W. and A. Prorf.p 411. Herbaceous, 
 rooting at the base ; stems long, straggling, hairy, particularly 
 towards the extremities ; leaves broadly ovate acuminated, obtuse 
 or cordate at the base ; bristles of the stipules 2 to 6 on each side, 
 longer than the sheathing portion; corymbs hirsute, terminal peclun- 
 cled ; calyx increasing and becoming foliaceous after flowering; 
 corolla blue, with a long, slender tube. At Belgaum. ^yn. 
 Putoria indica, DC. (?) Prod. 4, 577. 
 
 2. ASPERA, Heyne, in Roth nov. sp. p 94. Annual, erect, 
 simple all over rough, with minute white warts ; leaves linear 
 acuminated ; stipules with I to 3 long, subulate points ; cymes 
 terminal, long-peduncled ; flowers usually in pairs, pale-blue, with 
 long slender tubes. Snrat and Deccan ; flowers in August. 
 Syn. Oldenlandia aspera, DC. Prod 4, 428. 
 
 3. TRINERVIA, Rcem. and Schult. iii, p 197. Herbaceous ; 
 branched, procumbent; stems slender, glabrous or slightly hairy ; 
 leaves petioled, roundish-ovate or oval, small, 3-nerved ; stipules 
 bipartite ; flowers shortly pedicelled, 1 to 4 in the axils of the leaves ; 
 corolla rotate, 4-partite, white; capsule hirsutely villous. At 
 Malwan ; flowers in July. Syn. H rotundifolia, Spr. Pug. ii, p 33 ; 
 H serpyllifolia, Poir. Encycl. SVIeth. Suppl. iii, p 14; Oldenlandia 
 trinervia, Retz. Obs. iv, p 23. 
 
116 
 
 4. BURMANNIANA, Br. Annual, procumbent ; branches elon- 
 gated ; leaves linear or linear-lanceolate ; peduncles solitary, axillary 
 alternate, shorter than the leaves, 1 to 3-flowered ; corolla white, 
 shortly tubular ; capsule roundish-ovate, glabrous. A common 
 weed. Syn. H biflora, Lam. Illust. No. 1427 ; H diffusa, Willd. sp. 
 i, 566 ; Oldenlandia biflora, Lam. Encycl. Meth. iv, 533 ; Geron- 
 togea biflora, Cham, and Schult. in Linn, iv, 155. 
 
 5. HEYNEI, Br. Annual or biennial erect, dichotomous, glab- 
 rous ; branches acutely 4-angled ; leaves linear or linear-lanceolate ; 
 pedicels 1 -flowered, axillary, solitary or in pairs in the opposite or 
 alternate axils, shorter than the leaves ; capsule roundish-ovate, 
 crustaceous, opening across the apex. Equally common with the 
 preceding. Syn. H herbacea, Willd. sp. i, 566 ; Oldenlandia 
 herbacea, Roxb. Fl Ind. i, 424. 
 
 6. LATIFOLIA, Dalz. in Hook. Jour. Bot. ii, p 133. Stem erect, 
 glabrous, quadrangular, almost 4-winged, trichotomous ; leaves 
 ovate-acute, rounded at the base, short-petioled, slightly hispid on 
 the prominent nerves beneath, 1 inch long, I inch broad, lower 
 stipules truncate, glabrous, upper ones with 3 to 6 ciliated bristles ; 
 flowers few, minute, pale rose-coloured, on longish trichotomously 
 branched peduncles ; calyx 4-toothed, tube of the corolla 3 to 4 
 times longer than the calyx teeth ; capsule with the calycine teeth 
 about the middle, splitting to the base, 4 to 12-seeded, seeds cup- 
 shaped. Malwan ; flowers in July; closely allied to H Rheedei. 
 
 7. FCETIDA, Dalz. loc. cit. Four inches high, erect, glabrous, 
 scarcely branched, stems acutely 4-sided ; leaves linear, with recurved 
 margins, scabrous above, 1 inch long ; flowers purple, capitate, 
 clustered in threes or fives on the apex of longish peduncles, very 
 foetid ; calyx 4-divided, the teeth with callous points ; capsule much- 
 compressed, crowned by the distant calyx teeth, dehiscing only 
 within the calyx, 4 to 12-seeded, Malwan; common in stony 
 ground in the rains. 
 
 8. CARNOSA, Dalz. loc. clt Herbaceous, much-branched, as- 
 cending, glabrous ; leaves lanceolate elliptic-obtuse, thick and 
 fleshy, attenuated into a short petiole, the margins recurved, 1 inch 
 long, 5 to 6 lines broad ; flowers and capsules exactly as in the 
 preceding, and supposed therefore to be a variety of it, the differ- 
 ences in the leaves, &c., being caused by the influence of the 
 salt spray. On the sea shore at Malwan. 
 
 9. LANCIFOLIA, Dalz. loc. cit. Herbaceous, erect-branched ; 
 leaves lanceolate acuminate, pubescent above and on the nerves 
 beneath ; stipules pubescent, furnished with 4 to 5 ciliated bristles ; 
 peduncles with spreading hairs ; flowers numerous, in heads of 5, 
 corolla with a long slender tube 6 to 7 times longer than the calyx 
 teeth; capsule ^ hispid, compressed, crowned with the spreading 
 
117 
 
 teeth, dehiscing only within the calyx, 4 to 6-seeded. Phoonda 
 Ghaut ; flowers in September. 
 
 10. H SENEGALENSIS, Cham, and Sclmlt. in Linn. 1 H29, p 156. 
 One foot high ; leaves linear, floral ones subulate ; stipules with 2 
 bristles ; flowers shortly-pedicelled near the apex of the branches, 
 distant, few ; lobes of corolla lanceolate ; flowers of a dingy white. 
 Barren places in the Deccan ; flowers rather smaller than those of 
 African specimens ; we have found this in the province of Lus, near 
 Sonmeanee. Syn. Kohautia senegalensis, DC. Prod. 4, p 430. 
 
 16. OPHIORHIZA, Linn. 
 
 1. HARRISONII, Wall. Herbaceous; stems, petiole, peduncles, 
 and nerves on the leaves, beneath pubescent; leaves ovate or 
 roundish-ovate, acutish, green above, pale beneath ; peduncles 
 terminal, corymbose, and dichotomously branched at the apex. 
 Wight Ic. 1 162. Ram Ghaut. 
 
 17. WENDLANDIA, Bartl. 
 
 1. NOTONIANA, W. and A. Prod, p 403. A shrub, young 
 shoots hirsute ; leaves petioled, oblong, upperside glabrous, under 
 glaucous, and subpubescent ; stipules triangular ovate, branches of 
 the panicle hirsute; flowers numerous, crowded, white, forming 
 interrupted spikes, delightfully fragrant. Ram Ghaut and Warree 
 country, common; flowers in January arid February. Banks of the 
 Yeena, Mahableshwur. Syn. W. thyrsoidea, Roth. nov. sp. p 149; 
 Canthium thyrsoideum, Rcem. and Sclmlt. v, 207 ; Cupia thyrsoidea, 
 DC. Prod. iv, 394. Quoina river banks ; Northern Ghauts, rare. 
 
 18. HYMENODICTYON,Wall. 
 
 1. OBOVATUM, Wall. A large tree; leaves obovate acuminate, 
 glabrous ; stipules ovate-acute, floral leaves lanceolate, coloured, 
 bullate ; panicles racemed, slender, scarcely branched ; flowers small, 
 inconspicuous, greenish ; flowers in July. Island of Caranjah, Ram 
 Ghaut, &c. Syn. Cinchona obovata, Spr. syst. Suppl. p 73. 
 Native name " Kurwei." Ghaut jungles, common. 
 
 2. EXCELSUM, Wall, in Roxb. Fl Ind. ii, p 149. Arboreous; 
 leaves from oblong to roundish-ovate, pubescent ; stipules cordate, 
 floral leaves oblong, bullate, coloured ; panicles terminal and axillary ; 
 flowers fascicled, small, greenish-white, fragrant. The bark is 
 bitter and astringent, hence the native name " Kurwah." Along 
 the Ghauts. The wood is firm, close-grained, and very useful. 
 The bark of these has none of the properties of their congeners. 
 Roxb. Syn. Cinchona excelsa, Roxb. Fl Ind. i, 529. 
 
118 
 
 19. NAUCLEA. 
 
 1. PARVIFLORA, Roxb. Fl Ind. i, 513. A tree, glabrous ; 
 branches brachiate ; stipules oval, leaves petioled, ovate or oval, or 
 obovate-obtuse, or with a short, blunt point ; general peduncles 
 opposite, terminal, bearing; a pair of small deciduous leaves, partial 
 ones scarcely so long as the globose, head of flowers; limb of the 
 calyx very short, almost truncated. Native name " Kudclum." 
 The Concans ; thfc MaWul districts. The wood is used for gun- 
 stocks and building. It soon rots when exposed to wet. byn. 
 N parviflora, Pers. Syn. i, 202 ; N orientalis, Linn. (?); Cepha- 
 lanthus pilulifer, Lam. Encycl. Meth. i, 678. 
 
 2. CORDIFOLIA, Roxb. Fl Ind. i, p 514. A tree; stipules 
 oval; leaves petioled, cordate-roundish, pubescent above, tomentose 
 beneath ; general peduncles axillary, 1 to 3 together, bearing at the 
 apex a pair of scariose roundish deciduous bracts ; partial one 
 longer than the globose head of flowers ; calyx segments clavate, 
 corolla pubescent. This tree yields the Hedoowood, a very inferior 
 wood, used for making packing boxes for opium, &c. Roxburgh 
 says it is beautiful, and that it answers very well for furniture. It 
 is good for planking where not exposed. 
 
 3. N ELLIPTICA. A large tree ; leaves elliptic-acute at both 
 ends, rather thick and coriaceous, shining, glabrous ; peduncles 
 axillary and terminal, solitary, */| inches long; heads of flowers 
 globose, 1 inch in diameter, stigmas long exserted, thick, smooth, with 
 a round head ; corol tubular, wider upwards, yellowish white, 4k lines 
 long, divisions short, oval-obtuse, with a mucro on the back below 
 the apex ; calyx divisions subulate, hairy ; leaf with the petiole 
 7 inches long and 3 broad. Native name " Phooga." Near Sura, 
 and the village of lloolun, not far from Chorla Ghaut. 
 
 20. ARGOSTEMMA, Wall. 
 
 1. GLABERRIMUM, Dalz. in Hook. Jour. Bot. iii, p 345. Four 
 to 5 inches high, erect; leaves 4, verti celled, lanceolate acuminated, 
 unequal, and with unequal sides ; inflorescence umbelled tricho- 
 tomous, shorter than the leaves, umbels few-flowered ; flowers 
 pentamerous, filaments much swellon at the apex, adhering to- 
 gether. On trees in the Warree country. 
 
 2. A CUNEATUM, Dalz. loc. cit. Stem pubescent ; leaves 2 to 4 
 verticelled, subsessile, ovate, unequal, sparingly puberous on both 
 sides ; peduncle simple, glabrous, umbel short, many-flowered ; 
 bracts foliaceous, cuneate ; flowers tetramerous ; calyx and pedicels 
 pubescent ; anthers without beaks. On rocks at the Chorla 
 Ghaut; flowers in August. 
 
119 
 
 21. STYLOCORYNE, Cav. 
 
 1. WEBERA, A. Rich. Shrubby, glabrous; leaves lanceolate- 
 oblong, shining ; corymbs trichotornous terminal ; calyx limb 
 5- cleft, tube of corolla short, bearded at the mouth, segments of 
 the limb recurved, stigma 10-ribbed, berry 2-celled, globose ; flowers 
 white. The young shoots are frequently covered with a resinous 
 exudation. Southern Concan. Syn. YVebera coryrnbosa, Willd. 
 sp. i, 1224. Rondeletia asiatica, Linn. sp. 244; Canthiurn corym- 
 bosum, Pers. Syn i, 200 ; Cupia corymbosa, DC. Prod. 4, 394 ; 
 Tarenna zeylanica, Gaert. Fr. i, 139; Polyozus madraspatana, 
 DC. loc. cit. 495. 
 
 22. GRIFFITHIA, W. and A. 
 
 1. FRAGRANS, W. and A. Prod, p 400. A rigid glabrous 
 shrub, with opposite thorns; leaves petioled, from obovate to 
 oblong, cuneate at the base, coriaceous ; stipules roundish, ovate 
 cuspidate ; flowers in an umbel-like corymb, white ; fruit size of a 
 large pea, South Concan. Syn. Gardenia fragrans, Kcenig. Roxb. 
 Cor. t. 197; Posoqueria fragrans, Roxb. Fl. Ind. i, 717; Rand i a 
 malabarica, Lam. Encyc. Meth. iii, 25; Stylocoryne pandaki; 
 DC. Prod. 4, 377 ; S malabarica, DC. loc. cit. 
 
 23. RANDIA, Houst. 
 
 1. DUMETORUM, Lam. Illust. t. 156, fig. 4. A small thorny 
 tree; leaves oval-obtuse, cuneate at the base, glabrous; flowers 
 solitary, terminal on the young shoots, white or yellowish ; fruit 
 size of a small apple, slightly grooved longitudinally. Very common 
 on the Ghauts. Syn. Gardenia dumetorum, Retz. Obs. ii, p 14 ; 
 G spinosa, Linn. Suppl. p 164 ; Posoqueria dumetorum, Roxb. 
 Fl Ind. i, p713; Ceriscus malabaricus, Gaert. i, .28. Native 
 name " Ghela." 
 
 2. LONGISPINA, DC. Prod. 4, 386. A tree armed with long 
 straight thorns ; leaves from obovate to oblong cuneate at the base, 
 glabrous ; flowers 1 to 3, at the extremities of young axillary shoots ; 
 fruit ovoid, size of a small wood-apple. Kandeish jungles. The 
 Ataveesy, rare, Dr. Gibson. Syn. Posoqueria longispina, Roxb. 
 Fl Ind. i, 716. 
 
 3. ULIGINOSA, DC. Prod. 4, 386. A thorny tree; branches 
 4-angled; leaves short petioled, oblong, cuneate at the base, glabrous, 
 shining ; fruit size of a lemon, smooth, yellow, South Concan. 
 Syn. Gardenia uliginosa, Retz. Obs. ii, p 14 ; Posoqueria uliginosa, 
 Uoxb. Fl Ind. i, 712. 
 
120 
 
 24. DISCOSPERMUM, Dalz. 
 
 1. SPHACEROCARPUM, Dalz. in Hook. Jour. Bot. ii, p 257. A 
 middle-sized tree ; branchlets with the bark pale ; leaves opposite, 
 elliptic, coriaceous, glabrous, petioled, with hollow hairy glands in 
 the axils of the primary veins ; stipules between the petioles solitary, 
 triangular cuspidate, persistent ; flowers in the opposite axils, small 
 sessile, clustered ; calyx deeply 4-lobed ; fruit nearly an inch in 
 diameter, globose, foetid, indehiscent, 2-celled, seeds in each 5 to 6, 
 compressed lenticular, with membranaceous partitions between 
 them. The Ghauts, latitude 16. Syn. D dalzellii, Thwaites in 
 Enum. PI, Ceylon, p 158. 
 
 2. APIOCARPUM, Dalz. loc. cit. Like the preceding; the fruit 
 pear-shaped, with a circular ring somewhat below the apex. In 
 the same locality. 
 
 25. GARDENIA, Ellis. 
 
 1. LUCIDA, Roxb. Fl Ind. i, 707. A large shrub, unarmed, 
 with resinous buds ; leaves oblong or oval, or obovate, smooth, hard, 
 and shining ; flowers somewhat terminal, large, white, fragrant, with 
 a long tube ; berry drupaceous, oblong ; nut very hard, thick, and 
 bony. Common in the Corican jungles. This, as well as G Gum- 
 mifera, furnishes the Decamalee resin, sold in every bazar ; it is 
 greenish-yellow, of a repulsive odour, and is effectual in cleaning 
 sores and in cutaneous diseases. Syn. G resinifera, Roth, nov. 
 sp. p 150. 
 
 2. LATIFOLIA, Ait. Hort, Kew. i, 294. Arboreous, unarmed ; 
 leaves opposite, or in threes, very shortly petioled, oval or obovate, 
 glabrous ; flowers terminal, solitary, very shortly pedicelled ; fruit 
 nearly globose, large. Duddi on the Gutpurba, Law ; Kandeish 
 jungles, Auld ; Nagotna; the Tull Ghaut. Syn. G enneandra, 
 Kcenig; G latifolia, Roxb. Fl Ind. i, p 706. 
 
 3. GUMMIFERA, Linn. Suppl. p 164. Arborescent, unarmed, 
 with resinous buds ; leaves sessile, from narrow elliptic-oblong to 
 ovate oblong-obtuse, or bluntly pointed ; flowers terminal, almost 
 sessile, 1 to 3 together ; corolla with long slender tube ; fruit 
 drupaceous, even oblong. Duddi on the Gutpurba ; very common, 
 Law ; also on barren plains south of Dharwar. Syn. G arborea, 
 Roxb. Fl Ind. i,708. North Canara. Decamalee is of the greatest use 
 in medical practice for keeping flies off putrid sores. 
 
 4. MONTANA, Roxb. Fl Ind. i, 709. A tree with short rigid 
 spines ; leaves oblong-obtuse, nearly sessile, upperside glabrous and 
 shining ; flowers 3 to 6 together, fascicled from the young leafless 
 shoots ; berry drupaceous, roundish ; nut hard and bony, with 4 to 6 
 pointed receptacles ; fruit size of a pullet's egg. In the Ataveesy, 
 rare, Law. 
 
121 
 
 26. MUSS^NDA. 
 
 1. FRONDOSA, Linn. sp. 231. A somewhat scandent shrup ; 
 leaves oval-acuminated ; flowers corymbose, terminal, of a deep 
 golden yellow, one of the calyx segments produced into a large 
 white oval leaf; fruit glabrous, obovoid. Hills in the Concan ; 
 very common, also on the Ghauts. Syn. M flavescens, Ham. in 
 Linn. Trans, xiv, p 203 ; M belilla, Ham. loc. cit. ; M glabra, Vahl. 
 Symb. iii, 38 ; M corymbosa, Roxb. Fl Ind. i, p 556 (?). 
 
 LXXIV. GALIACE./E. 
 1. RUBIA, Tournef. 
 
 1. CORDIFOLIA, Linn. Maut. p 197 A perennial herbaceous 
 climbing plant, stem rough ; leaves in fours, long-petioled, oblong 
 or ovate-acute, more or less cordate, 3 to 7-nerved, prickly on the 
 margins and middle nerve; panicles axillary, peduncled trichotomous, 
 corolla rotate, 4 to 3-parted ; fruit somewhat globose, didymous, 
 red or black. Common on the higher Ghauts. Syn. R munjista, 
 Roxb. Fl Ind. i, 374; R munjith, Desv. Jour. Bot. ii, 207. This 
 furnishes the Munjeet of commerce, or Indian Madder, an article 
 of export, but chiefly from Kelat through Sind. 
 
 LXXV. COMPOSITE. 
 SUB-ORDER. T. VERNONIACEJE, Adenoon. 
 
 1. INDICUM, Dalz. in Hook. Jour. Bot. ii, p 344. A branched, 
 erect plant, 1 foot high ; stem angular, scabrous, and hispid ; leaves 
 broad, elliptical-acute at both ends, coarsely serrated, glandular and 
 rough ; panicles of flowers corymbose ; flowers blue. Phoonda 
 Ghaut; flowers in September. No. 795 of Graham's Catalogue, 
 under Ethulia. Near Belgaum, Law. 
 
 2. VERNONIA. 
 
 1. CINEREA, Less, in Linn, p 291. Stem herbaceous, erect- 
 branched, rather hoary, with closely-set short hairs ; leaves petioled, 
 lowermost rounded, the others obovate-oblong, somewhat toothed, 
 rather hoary beneath ; corymb lax, dichotomous ; heads of flowers 
 peduncled ; involucre scales lanceolate linear-acuminated ; flowers 
 purple. A common weed. Syn. Conyza cinerea, Linn. 1208; 
 Serratula cinerea, Roxb. Fl Ind. iii, p 406 ; Conyza mollis, Willd. 
 sp. iii, p 1924. 
 
 2. CONYZOIDES, DC. in Wight. Bot. Ind. ii, p 6. Stem erect, 
 herbaceous, striated, minutely pubescent beneath ; leaves ovate or 
 
 16 c 
 
122 
 
 oblong-lanceolate, acuminated, attenuated into a short petiole, 
 serrated, pubescent beneath ; corymb compound, branched, many- 
 headed ; involucre scales linear-lanceolate acuminated, shorter than 
 the disc. The Ghauts. 
 
 3. DECANEURUM, DC. 
 
 1. MOLLE, DC. Prod. 5, p 67. Stem herbaceous, erect, rather 
 smooth, or roughish with minute bristles, tomentose at the apex ; 
 leaves ovate lanceolate acuminated, coarsely and irregularly ser- 
 rated, tomentose and hoary beneath ; peduncles axillary, one-headed ; 
 bracts foliaceous, close under the head of flowers ; like the leaves. 
 South Concan. Syn. D epileium, DC. in Wight Contr. p 7 ; 
 D scabridum, DC. loc. cit. 
 
 2. MICROCEPHALUM, Dalz. in Hook. Jour. Bot. iii, p 231. 
 Stem branched, scabrous, and pubescent; leaves petioled, elliptic- 
 acuminate, gradually attenuated into the petiole, pubescent above, 
 hoary and tomentose beneath ; heads of flowers shall, solitary at 
 the apex of the branches ; scales of the involucre squariose, hoary 
 and tomentose beneath, exterior ones lanceolate-acuminate, bristle- 
 pointed, ciliated ; seeds smooth, shining, without ribs. The Par war 
 Ghaut; flowers in November; when freshly gathered, smells like 
 Chamomile. 
 
 4. ELEPHANTOPUS, Cass. 
 
 1. SCABER, Linn. sp. 1313. Stem dichotomously branched, 
 strigose ; radical leaves rough crenated, wedge-shaped, gradually 
 attenuated towards the base ; stem leaves broadly cordate, ovate- 
 acuminate, hoary ; flowers purple. Common under the shade of 
 trees in the Concan and Ghauts. 
 
 SUB-ORDER. II. EUPATORIACE^. 
 1. ADENOSTEMMA. 
 
 1. LATIFOLIUM, Don. Prod. 181. Stem erect-branched, 
 pubescent towards the apex ; leaves petioled, broadly ovate- 
 rhomboid, or subcordate, coarsely serrated ; panicle corymbose 
 hirsute, many-headed ; scales of involucre rough on the back, seeds 
 nmricated and tubercled. Jungles in the Concan; common ; flowers 
 white. Syn. Lavenia latifolia, Spr. syst. iii, p 445 ; A strictum, 
 Bot. Mag. t. 2410 (?). 
 
 2. RIVALE, Dalz. in Hook. Jour. Bot. iii, 231. Stem erect, 
 round, glabrous ; leaves linear lanceolate, long-attenuated at the 
 base, serrate-toothed, glabrous ; panicle corymbose, lax, few-headed ; 
 
* 7 
 
123 
 
 scales of the involucre linear or linear-spathulate, obtuse, herbaceous. 
 Margins of rivulets near Rohee Bunder. Syn. Ageratum aquaticum, 
 Roxb. Fl Ind. iii, 416. 
 
 2. EUPATORIUM, Tournef. 
 
 1. DIVERGENS, Roxb. Fl Ind. iii, p 414. Shrubby, 6 to 8 feet 
 high, branches diverging ; leaves short-petioled, elliptic-recurved, 
 serrate-dentate, rugose, when young downy, when old scabrous, 
 1 to 6 inches long; corymbs terminal compound ; flowers purple, 
 very numerous, heads with 5 to 8 flowers. Common on the 
 Ghauts; flowers in February. This has been strangely confounded 
 by DeCandolle with Decancurum divergens, but it is a true 
 Eupatorium. Native name " Boondar." Mahableshwur, common. 
 
 SUB-ORDER. III. ASTEROIDE^E. 
 1. CALLISTEPHUS, Cass. 
 
 1. CONCOLOR, Dalz. in Hook. Jour. Bot. ii, 344. A small 
 glaucous plant, root woody, perennial, branches ascending, radical ; 
 leaves oblong-obovate, toothed towards the apex ; stem leaves linear- 
 oblong, toothed or entire, glandular-dotted, glabrous ; outer scales of 
 involucre linear-obtuse, inner erect foliaceous, glandular- dotted; 
 peduncles terminal, solitary, 1 -headed ; flowers yellow. In rocky 
 ground near Malwan ; flowers in September and October. 
 
 2. C WIGHTJANUS, DC. Prod. 5, p 275. A rigidly erect 
 annual ; leaves sessile, oblong linear-entire or serrated, shortly 
 mucronate; branches leafy, compressed at the apex, minutely 
 puberulous ; exterior scales of the involucre foliaceous, linear- 
 oblong ; flowers large, yellow. Wight Ic. 1089. Common in the 
 Deccari. 
 
 2. LEUCOBLEPHARIS, Arnott. 
 
 1. L SUBSESSILIS, Arn. in Mag. Zool. and Bot. ii, p 422. 
 Herbaceous, glabrous simple ; root thick, woody ; leaves alternate 
 subsessile, elliptic-obtuse, or attenuated at both ends, entire 
 3-nerved ; cluster of flowers globose, terminal subsessile ; bracts 
 foliaceous, longer than the flowers ; seeds black, shining, plano- 
 convex. The Ghauts. Blepharispermum subsessile. Wight Ic. 1093. 
 
 3. SPH^ERANTHUS, Vaill. 
 
 1. S MOLLIS, Roxb. Fl Ind. iii, 446. Annual, winged; leaves 
 sessile, decurrent, long obovate, bristle serrate, downy and glutinous ; 
 
124 
 
 heads of flowers solitary, leaf-opposed, or terminal peduncled, 
 globular, rose-coloured or purple ; peduncles winged. Very 
 common. 
 
 4. D1CHROCEPHALA, DC. 
 
 1. LATIFOLIA, DC. Prod. 5, p 372. Stem erect, with scat- 
 tered hairs ; leaves obovate, attenuated into the petiole, coarsely 
 toothed, often subpinnatifid at the base ; flower bearing branches 
 almost naked ; pedicels rigid-spreading, longer than the globose 
 head of flowers. Ram Ghaut, during the rains. Syn. Cotula 
 bicolor, Roth. Cat. Bot. ii, p 116; Sphoeranthus africanus, Burm. 
 Ind. 185, t. 60, /. 2 ; Grangea latifolia, Lam. Illust. t. 699, f. i; 
 Hippia bicolor, Smith in Ree's Cycl. 18, N. 2; Cotula latifolia, 
 Pers. Enchir. ii, p 464; D erecta, L'Her. Mss. 
 
 5. GRANGEA, Adans. 
 
 1. MADRASPATANA, Poir. Diet. Suppl. iii, p 825. Stems 
 procumbent or diffuse, villous ; leaves sinuato-pinnatifid, the lobes 
 obtuse ; peduncles terminal or opposite the leaves ; heads of flowers 
 yellow, solitary, subglobose. Rice fields, in the cold weather. 
 Syn. Artemisia madras patana, Linn. sp. 1190; Cotula madras- 
 patana, Willd. sp. iii, 2170; Grangea adansonii, Cass. Diet, 
 xix, p 304. 
 
 6. CYATHOCLINE, Cass. 
 
 1. STRICTA, DC. Prod. 5, p 374. An erect-branched, delicate 
 plant ; leaves tender, pinnately divided, the lobes somewhat linear, 
 coarsely and regularly serrated ; flowers corymbose, terminal, purple. 
 Banks of streams in the Concan jungles. Syn. Tanacetum 
 viscosum, E. and F ; Artemisia stricta, Heyne. Herb. 
 
 2. LAWK, Wight Tc. t. 1150. Leaves nearly all radical, 
 minute, sub-bipinnatifid, pubescent ; stems slender, erect, dichoto- 
 mously branched, often with a capitulum in the fork ; flowers yellow ; 
 the whole plant 3 to 4 inches in height. The Ghauts. 
 
 7. COiNYZA, Lessing. 
 
 1. ABSINTHIFOLIA, DC. in Wight Contr. p 16. Erect, much- 
 branched, pubescent ; leaves obovate oblong-mucronate, attenuated 
 towards the base, lower ones coarsely toothed, upper entire ; 
 panicle corymbose, much-branched, many-headed ; involucre scales 
 linear-acuminate, shorter than the flowers. The Ghauts. Syn. 
 Baccharis trifurcata, Trevir in Nov. Act. Acad. Nat. Cur. xiii, 
 p 210 ; C pinnatifida, Roxb. Fl Ind. iii, p 430. 
 
125 
 
 2. ADENOCARPA, Dalz. Stem rather woody below, much-branch- 
 ed from the base, pubescent and scabrous all over ; leaves linear or 
 spathulate, stem-clasping, auricled at the base, and entire or distantly 
 toothed, mucronulate; corymb terminal dichotomous, 8-flowered; 
 flowers small, yellow; hermaph florets 10 to 12; achenia glabrous, 
 covered with yellow resinous-looking glands. Hab. Hursur fort, near 
 Jooneer, Hurrychunder, &c. ; involucre scales lanceolate-acute, 
 scabrous with membranous margins, rough and hairy. 
 
 8. BLUMEA, DC. 
 
 1 . AMPLECTENS, DC. in Wight. Contr. p 1 3. Stem herbaceous, 
 as round, hairy, branched ; young leaves villous, older ones almost 
 glabrous, cauline leaves ovate, somewhat stem-clasping, acutely 
 toothed, lower ones cut at the base ; peduncles few, subterminal, a 
 little longer than the leaf, with spreading hairs ; heads of flowers 
 solitary. Common on the roadsides. Syn. Conyza amplexicaulis, 
 Lam. Diet, ii, p 85. 
 
 2. BIFOLIATA, DC. loc. cit. under Conyza. Stem herbaceous, 
 ascending, round-branched, slightly hairy ; leaves acutely toothed, 
 lower ones ovate, attenuated at the base, upper ones sessile, oblong ; 
 pedicels elongated, slender, terminated by a solitary head of flowers. 
 Common about Surat. 
 
 3. MURALIS, DC. Prod. 5, p 440. Glabrous below, glandular 
 and hairy at the apex ; stem herbaceous, erect, simple round ; leaves 
 lyrate, pinnately lobed, narrowed into the petiole, lobes coarsely 
 toothed, panicle elongated, lax; flowers yellow, shorter than the 
 involucre. Common on old walls, a tall species, the leaves very 
 tender. Bassein Fort. 
 
 4. GLOMERATA, DC. in Wight Contr. p 15. All over hir- 
 sutely villous, of an ashy hue ; stem erect, round-branched, branches 
 disposed in a leafy panicle, having sessile clustered heads of flowers 
 in interrupted spikes. The Concans. 
 
 5. HOLOSERICEA, DC. Prod. 5, p 442. All clothed with long 
 silky hairs ; stem round, erect, scarcely branched ; leaves oblong, 
 attenuated at the base, acute, deeply and acutely serrated, covered 
 with silky, close-pressed hairs; panicle elongated, interrupted, lower 
 branches longer than the leaves, racemose at apex. The Concans. 
 
 6. LONGIFOLIA, DC. Prod. 5, p 446. Stem tall, herbaceous, 
 erect, simple below ; leaves 9 inches to a foot long, oblong serrated, 
 acute at both ends; panicle elongated, many-headed; involucre scales 
 linear, glabrous. At Tullawaree, on the Ghauts ; 6 to 8 feet high. 
 
 7. ALATA, DC. Prod. 5, p 446. Stem herbaceous, erect- 
 branched along with the leaves, covered sparingly with a rufous 
 pubescence; leaves linear or elliptic-oblong, toothed, running down 
 
126 
 
 the stem into wings ; peduncles axillary ; panicles racemed, few- 
 headed ; heads of flowers drooping. On the Ghauts. Syn. Conyza 
 alata, Roxb. Fl Ind. iii, 430; Erigeron alatum, Don. Prod. 171. 
 
 8. LEPTOCLADEA, (?) DC. Prod. 5, p 443. Glabrous below, ashy 
 villous above ; stem herbaceous, erect, round-branched ; branches 
 twiggy, panicled, bearing sessile heads, solitary or clustered in an 
 interrupted spike; leaves rather glabrous, obovate-oblong, gradually 
 attenuated to the base, almost petioled, coarsely and sharply 
 serrated at the apex; involucre scales linear-acuminate, the length of 
 the flowers; male flowers 12 to 15. 
 
 9. PLUCIIEA, Cassini. 
 
 1. WALLICHIANA, Less, in Linn. 1S31, p 150. A tall shrub, 
 branches and young leaves puberulous; leaves obovate subsessilo, 
 distantly and acutely serrated, mucronate ; corymbs terminating the 
 branches, very numerous ; flowers pink. Guzerat, near Dhej. Only 
 one bush of this has been seen in the whole country, and we suspect 
 it is not really indigenous, though the specimen was not near any 
 house or garden. 
 
 10. EPALTES, Cass. 
 
 1. DIVARICATA, Cass. Bull. Philom, 1818, p 139. Stem herba- 
 ceous erect, much-branched ; leaves linear-oblong, attenuated at the 
 base, decurrent along the stem, remotely toothed ; peduncles shorter 
 than the leaf, almost without bracts ; involucre scales very acute, 
 longer than the disc ; flowers pink. Syn. Ethulia divaricate, Linn. 
 Maut. 110; Burm. Ind. 176, t. 58, fig. 1 ; Pluk Aim. t. 21, fig. 4. 
 
 11. VICOA. 
 
 1. INDICA, DC. Wight Contr. p 10. Leaves auricled at the 
 base, lanceolate-acuminate, serrated or nearly entire, more or less 
 puberulous on both sides, rays twice as long as the disc. Syn. 
 Inula indica, Willd. sp. iii, p 2U92 ; Linn sp. 1237; Doronicum 
 calcuratum, Roxb. Fl Ind. iii, p 434; Burm. zeyl. 124, t. 55, /. 
 2; Pluk. Aim. t. 149, N. 4, /. 3; Aster indicus, Willd. sp. iii, p 
 2041, nov. Linn. 
 
 1. V CERNUA, Dalz. A shorter plant than the preceding, with 
 oblong lanceolate leaves ; heads of flowers drooping, distinguished 
 by having always one or two bristles as pappus to the ray flowers. 
 Elevated parts of the Concans ; flowers in October. 
 
 12. C^ESULIA, Roxb. 
 
 1. AXILLARIS, Roxb. Cor. i, p 64, t. 93 ; Fl. Ind. iii, p 447.- 
 Glabrous, ascending ; leaves alternate linear-lanceolate, acuminated 
 
127 
 
 at both ends, distantly serrated, dilated at the base, somewhat stem- 
 clasping; floral branchlets axillary, very short; floral leaves 2 to 3, 
 coloured, orbicular, surrounding the head of flowers ; flowers pale- 
 violet and white. Andr. Bot. Rep. t. 431 ; Meyera orientalis, Don 
 Prod. Fl Nep. 180; Melananthera orientalis, Spr. in Litt; leaves 
 3 inches long. 
 
 13. ECLIPTA, Linn. 
 
 1. ERECTA, Linn. Maut. 286 (?) ; Willd. sp. iii, p 2217. Stem 
 erect, strigose, with adpressed hairs ; leaves oblong lanceolate, 
 acuminated at both ends ; pedicels solitary or twin, 5 times longer 
 than head of flowers. Very common. Syn. Verbesina alba, Linn. sp. 
 1272; Cotula alba, L'mn.syst. Nat. ii, p 564; Micrelium asteroides, 
 Forsk. Descr. 152; Eel. adpressa, Mcench. Meth. ; Dill. Elth. fig. 
 137 ; Rumph. Amb. vi, p 18, /. 1 ; Pluk Aim. t. 109, fig. 1. 
 
 2. PROSTRATA, Linn. Maut. 286. Stem prostrate or ascending, 
 strigose, with adpressed hairs; branches somewhat hirsute ; leaves 
 oval or oblong-lanceolate, attenuated at the base, slightly serrated 
 and undulated, rough ; peduncles 2 to 3 times longer than the head 
 of flowers. Syn. Verbesina prostrata, Linn. sp. ii, p 1272; Cotula 
 prostrata, Linn. syst. ii, 564; Micrelium tolak, Forsk. descr. 153 ; 
 Dill. Elth./. 138; Pluk Aim. t. 118, /. 5. 
 
 14. BLAINVILLEA, Cass. 
 
 1. LATIFOLIA, DC. in Wight Contr. p 17. Leaves rhomboid- 
 acuminate, coarsely toothed, sparingly pubescent ; branches and 
 petioles hairy, opposite, uppermost ones dichotomous ; peduncles 
 generally shorter than the petiole ; awns of the achenium bearded 
 at the base. Syn. Eclipta latifolia, Linn. Fil. suppl. 378; Verbesina 
 lavenia, Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii, 442. 
 
 15. SIEGESBECKIA. 
 
 1. ORIENTALIS, Linn. sp. 1269. Leaves ovate, cuneate at the 
 base, acuminated at the apex, coarsely toothed, uppermost ones 
 oblong-lanceolate ; exterior scales of the involucre twice the length 
 of the inner. Near Belgaum. Linn. Hort. Cliff, t. 23 ; Ic. Pluk. 
 Aim., p 58, t. 380, /. 2. We found this in Australia also. 
 
 16. XANTHIUM, Tourn. 
 
 1. INDICUM, Roxb. Cat. Calc. 67. Fruit-bearing; involucre 
 oval, pubescent between the prickles and at the base of the beaks, 
 beaks hooked at the apex. X orientale, Linn. sp. 1400 ; X chinense, 
 
128 
 
 Nill. Diet. No. 5 (?) ; X strumarium, Delile Illustr. Fl Egypt. No. 
 891 (?) Has a reputation in diseases of the ears : the juice is used. 
 
 17. WEDELIA, Jacq. 
 
 1. CALENDULACEA, Less. Syn. p 222. Non. Rich. Leaves 
 oblong-lanceolate, attenuated at the base, strigose and hairy on 
 both sides, slightly serrated at the apex; peduncles 1 -headed, 
 solitary, axillary, 3 times longer than the leaf; outer involucre scales 
 oblong subacute, longer than the disc. Syn. Verbesina calendu- 
 lacea, Linn. sp. 1272; Willd. sp. iii, p 2226; Lam. Illust. t. 
 6<S6, /*. 1 ; VV bengalensis, Rich in Pers. Erch. ii, p 10 ; Joegena 
 calendulacea, Spr. syst. iii, p 600 ; Burm, Zeyl. 52, t. 22, fig 1. 
 
 18. WOLLASTONIA, DC. 
 
 1. BIFLORA, DC. Prod. 5, p 546. Leaves petioled, ovate, long 
 acuminated at the apex, acutely serrated, a little rough and hairy 
 above, smoother below ; peduncles 1 to 3-headed, one terminal, 
 1 to 2 from the uppermost axils ; involurce scales lanceolate, achenium 
 bare, or with one awn. Syn. Verbesina biflora, Linn. sp. 1272; 
 Willd sp. iii, p 2226 ; Wedelia biflora, DC. in Wight Contr. p 18 ; 
 Acmella biflora, Spr. syst. iii, 591 ; Rheed. Mai. x, t. 40. 
 
 19. GUIZOTIA, Cass. 
 
 1. OLEIFERA, DC. Mem. Soc. Hist. Nat. Genev. v, 7 cum. tav. 
 2. Stem pubescent at the apex ; leaves semiamplexicaul, subi-ordate 
 or ovate-lanceolate, remotely serrated, a little rough ; exterior scales 
 of the involucre broadly ovate foliaceous. Syn. Polymnia abys- 
 sinica, Linn. Fil suppl. p 383; Verbesina sativa, Roxb. Cat. 
 Calc. p 62; Bot. Mag. . 1017; Parthenuim luteum, Spr. nov. 
 Prod, p 31 ; Heliopsis platyglossa, Cass. Diet. 24, p 332. 
 
 20. BIDENS, Linn. 
 
 1. B WALLICHII, DC. Prod. 5, p 598. Lower leaves pinnately 
 divided, upper ternately divided, segments ovate-acuminate, inciso- 
 serrate or dentate, lateral ones obliquely attenuated at the base ; 
 heads of flowers long-peduncled, loosely corymbose ; achenia 
 linear angular striated, glabrous, with 3 awns at the apex. Syn. 
 B chinensis, DC. in Wight Contr. p 19; Agrimonia moluccana, 
 Rumph. Amb. vi, t. 15 f. 2. Deccan gardens, grounds, and plains, 
 common. 
 
129 
 
 22. SCLEROCARPUS, Jacquin. 
 
 1. S AFRICANUS, Jacq. Ic. rar. t. 176. Annual, erect; stem 
 rough ; leaves broadly ovate, acutely serrated, petioled alternate 
 3-nerved ; heads of flowers yellow, solitary subsessile, at the apex 
 of the branchlets. Found originally on the River Senegal, and 
 afterwards in Northern India, by Royle; but supposed by Oe- 
 Candolle to be introduced into the latter country. This does 
 not appear to be the case, as it is found truly wild on the highest 
 hills around Jooneer ; flowers in July and August. 
 
 23. SPILANTHES, Jacq. 
 
 1. S ACMELLA, Linn. syst. veg. 610. Stem slightly rooting at 
 the base, erect or ascending; leaves petioled, ovate-lanceolate, 
 3-nerved, entire or toothed, rather glabrous ; peduncles three times 
 longer than the leaf ; heads of flowers ovate ; ligulse 5 to 6, very 
 small; achenia ciliated, with 1 to 2 awns. Syn. Verbesina acmella, 
 Linn. Maut. 475 ; Acmella linnaei, Cass. Diet. 24, p 330. Supposed 
 to include Pseudo, Acmella, and Calva. Chorla Ghaut 
 
 24. GLOSSOCARDIA, Cass. 
 
 1. BOSVALLEA, DC. in Wight Contr. p 19. A small annual, 
 with many stems, diffuse ; leaves alternate, much-divided, linear at 
 tlie base; heads of flowers solitary, yellow, on short, naked peduncles. 
 Common. Syn. Verbesina bosvaliea, Linn. Suppl. p 379 ; Willd. 
 sp. iii, p 2223 ; Roxb. Fl Ind. iii, p 443 ; G linearifolia, Cass. Diet, 
 xix. p 62. Much used in female complaints. 
 
 25. GLOSSOGYNE, Cass, 
 
 1. G PINNATIFIDA, DC. in Wight Contr. p 19. Glabrous, 
 erect; stems dichotomous ; leaves alternate, crowded, short, .pin- 
 nately divided ; lobes linear, acute-entire, uppermost small, linear, 
 undivided; heads of flowers erect; yellow, awns on the seeds 
 widely-spreading. Southern Maratha Country. 
 
 26. ARTEMISIA, Linn. 
 
 1. INDICA, Willd. sp. iii, p 1846. Erect, suffruticose; leaves 
 ashy and tomentose beneath, lower pinnatifid, upper trifid, upper- 
 most undivided, or with lanceolate lobes; lobes of the lower 
 leaves toothed or cut ; heads of flowers racemose-panicled, ovate ; 
 panicle leafy, spreading, partial racemes pendulous before flowering, 
 young involucre a little tomentose, at length glabrous; exterior 
 scales foliaceous, acute, interior membranaceous obtuse; corol 
 17c 
 
130 
 
 naked. Roxb. Fl Ind. iii, p 419. Native name " Downa." The 
 flowers are sold in the bazars. 
 
 27. GNAPHALIUM, D. Don. 
 
 1. INDICUM, Linn. sp. 1200. Stems several, herbaceous, diffuse, 
 tomentose ; leaves obovate-oblong or oblong-linear, mucronate, 
 more or less tomentose, lowest attenuated at the base, upper sessile ; 
 heads of flowers aggregated into an interrupted simple or branched 
 spike ; involucre scales linear-obtuse, scariose, straw-coloured or 
 reddish. Syn. G multicaule, Willd. sp. iii, 1888; G Polycaulon, 
 Pers. Enchir. No. 105; G strictum, Roxb. Fl Ind. iii, 424; Pluk. 
 Aim. t. 187, /. 5. 
 
 28. GYNURA, Cass. 
 
 1. G SIMPLEX. Tall, erect, unbranched, glabrous ; stem at the 
 base as thick as the finger, angled ; leaves large, oblong-obovate, 
 sessile, coarsely sinuate-toothed, 5 inches long, 2 to 3 broad ; stem 
 distantly clothed with leaves to the apex; corymb terminal of 5 to 
 7, heads of deep orange-coloured flowers; heads 9 lines long; 
 bracteoles linear- acute, one-third the length of the heads. This 
 comes near to G angulosa of DC. Prod, from Nepal. On the 
 highest hills around Jooneer. 
 
 29. DORONICUM, Linn. 
 
 1. RETICULATUM, Wight Ic. t. 1151, B. Herbaceous, erect, 
 ramous ; stem and branches glabrous ; leaves somewhat rhomboidal, 
 coarsely and unequally dentate ; teeth mucronate, rough and aran- 
 cosely pubescent above, tomentose between the veins beneath ; 
 capitula laxly corymbose, longish-pedicelled ; liguke 10 to 12, 
 sterile ; throat hairy within ; pappus none ; disc flowers numerous ; 
 achenium ribbed, conical, hairy. Island of Caranjah. 
 
 2. D HEWRENSE, Dalz. Stem erect, striated, pilose ; leaves 
 oblong or lanceolate, attenuated at the base, and auricled, coarsely 
 toothed, pubescent above, ciliated on the margin, and hispid on 
 the prominent nerves beneath ; peduncles axillary or terminal, long, 
 slender, with 1 to 3 heads of flowers, which are small and yellow ; 
 ligulate flowers 3 only in each head ; the ligulse very small, oval ; 
 disc florets about 12. Common in rocky places around Jooneer; 
 flowers in July and August. 
 
 30. MADACARPUS, R. Wight. 
 
 1. BELGAUMENSIS, Wight Ic. t. 1152. Annual, erect, hirsute; 
 leaves ovate, crenate-dentate, auricled at the base, pubescent above, 
 
131 
 
 tomentose beneath; capi tula corymbose ; scales of the involucre 
 linear mucronate; ligulse about 8 (4-nerved); style and stigma none ; 
 achenia 10-nerved; nerves, hispid ; pappus none. At Belgaum. 
 
 31. ECHINOPS, Linn. 
 
 1. E ECHINATUS, Roxb. Erect, much-branched; leaves pin-* 
 natind, pubescent and viscid above, hoary and tomentose beneath ; 
 divisions ovate-lanceolate, waved plain ; heads of flowers terminal, 
 solitary, globose spinous ; florets pale-lilac ; tube slender ; divisions 
 linear-acute, re volute ; pappus short, brush-like ; ovary very hairy. 
 Guzerat and the Deccan ; common. Roxb. Fl Ind. iii, p 447. 
 
 32. AMBERBOA, Isn. 
 
 1. INDICA, DC. Prod. 6, p 558. Stem erect-branched, 
 furrowed and angular, naked at the top ; leaves glabrous or rough, 
 lanceolate, coarsely toothed, uppermost few, linear, entire. Guzerat. 
 Syn. Serratula indica, Klein in Willd. sp. iii, p 1642; Athanasia 
 indica, Roxb. Fl Ind. iii. 
 
 33. TRICHOLEPIS. 
 
 i 
 
 1. PROCUMBENS, Wight Ic. t. 1139. Stem flexuose, short, 
 ramous ; branches diffuse, procumbent, angularly striated, subglab- 
 rous; leaves shortly pubescent or subglabrous, those of the stem lyrate, 
 of the branches sinuately pinnatifid, the lobes spinously mucronate ; 
 involucrum ovate ; scales ovate at the base, araneose, terminating in 
 a prickle-like appendage ; flowers purple. Flowers in the cold 
 weather ; common in light soils in Guzerat. Syn. Carduus ramosus, 
 Roxb. Fl Ind. iii, p 407. 
 
 2. T RADICANS, DC. Prod. 4, p 564. Stem branched ; branches 
 spreading; leaves obovate or oblong-linear, sharply serrated ; the 
 teeth bristle-pointed, smooth, dotted; heads of flowers small, 
 terminal, purple. Common in ravines in the Deccan. Syn. Car- 
 duus radicans, Roxb. Fl Ind. iii, 408. 
 
 3. T GLABERRIMA, DC. loc. cit. Tall, erect, smooth, with the 
 stem angled ; leaves linear lanceolate acuminate, stem-clasping, 
 distantly spotted with black specks ; florets 7 lines long ; heads of 
 flowers as in the preceding, only a little larger. The Concan and 
 Deccan ; common. 
 
 4. T MONTANA. A coarser species; leaves obovate-oblong, 
 very coarsely toothed, or sometimes pinnatifid, differs from the last 
 also in having long, slender stigmas. The Ghauts. 
 
132 
 
 34. DICOMA, Less, 
 
 1. LANUGINOSA, DC. Prod. 7, p 36. Erect, much-branched, 
 wooly ; scales of the ovate involucre prickly, nearly glabrous exter- 
 nally ; leaves oblong, soft, quite entire ; heads of flowers apparently 
 axillary, but really terminating ; very short axillary branches ; 
 achenium 10-ribbed, villous. Near Gogo, in Kattywar; also in the 
 Deccan. Wight Ic. 1140. 
 
 35. MICRORHYNCHUS, Less. 
 
 1. SARMENTOSUS, DC. Prod. 7, p 181. Stem filiform, pro -. 
 cumbent, bearing roots and leaves here and there ; leaves crowded, 
 sinuate-pinnatifid, lobes obtuse or subaeute ; peduncles 1 -headed, 
 rather shorter than the leaf, having at the top scaly bracts, which 
 are scarious on the margin. Very common in sandy ground. Syn. 
 Prenanthes sarmentosa, Willd. sp. iii, p 1540 ; Lactuca sarmentosa, 
 Wight Contr. p 27 ; Launsea pinnatifida, Cass. Ann. d'Soc. Nat. 
 23, p 85. 
 
 36. BRACHYRAMPHUS, DC. 
 
 1. HEYNEANUS, Wight Ic. f. 1146. Stem erect, glabrous, 
 terete, naked above ; leaves rigid, subradical, runcinate, coarsely 
 setoso-ciliate, the rest glabrous, stem-clasping; capitula cylindrical, 
 short-pedicelled, remotely fascicled along the branches ; achenia 
 compressed, striated, slightly muricate, shortly beaked. Common 
 on old walls, &c. Syn. Lactuca heyneana, DC. Prod. 7, p 140. 
 
 2. SONCHIFOLIUS, DC. Prod. 7, p 177. Glabrous, stem erect, 
 leafy at the base, naked at the top, sparingly branched ; leaves 
 membranaceous, stem-clasping, obovate, somewhat runcinate and 
 waved, bristle-ciliated on the margin ; capitula remotely spicato- 
 racemose ; pedicels very short, a little scaly ; achenia oblong, sub- 
 compressed, transversely muricated, attenuated into a short beak ; 
 pappus white, soft. Common. Lactuca remotiflora, DC. in Wight. 
 Contr. p 26. 
 
 37. NOTONIA, DC. 
 
 1. N GRANDIFLORA, DC. in Deless, Ic. Selec. iv, t. 61. A 
 shrub, fleshy, smooth ; stem thick, round, marked with the scars 
 of fallen leaves ; leaves oblong or obovate-entire ; flowers terminal, 
 corymbose, few, pale-yellow. Graham, in Cat. No. 773, has 
 mistaken for this the Kleinia nerufqlia of the Canary Islands. 
 High rocky precipices in the Deccan. This genus was named by 
 DeCandolle after Mr. Benjamin Noton, of Bombay, who collected 
 many curious plants ori the Nelgherries, where he found the present 
 species. 
 
133 
 
 2. N BALSAMICA. SufFruticose, glaucous, and perfectly smooth, 
 four feet high ; leaves rather fleshy petioled, lanceolate, long at- 
 tenuated at the base ; flowers terminale, corymbose, at the apex 
 of the tall, nearly naked, stem; branches of the corymb few, simple, 
 2 to 3-flowered ; pedicels short club-shaped, angular or slightly 
 winged, each with 2 lanceolate bracts at its apex ; involucre of 5 to 
 7 unequal linear-acute leaflets, united into a tube, 8 lines long ; 
 florets about 15, a half longer than the involucre ; pappus as long 
 as the florets ; achenia cylindric, mutic, striated, smooth ; has a 
 strong balsamic odour ; leaves 3 to 4 inches long, 1 inch broad in 
 the middle. Habitat below the Kamatkee and several other of 
 the more inland Ghauts of the Deccan ; rare. 
 
 LXXVI. LOBELIACE/E. 
 1. LOBELIA, Linn. 
 
 1. L TRIGONA, Roxb. Fl Ind. ii, p 111. A small, herbaceous, 
 glabrous plant, with diffuse branches, and 3-angled stems ; leaves 
 subsessile, ovate, subcordate, repand-dentate mucronulate ; pedicels 
 slender, longer than the leaf; flowers small, of a deep blue. Syn. 
 L stipularis, Roth, in Rcem. and Schult. syst. v, p 67. Common in 
 pastures in the Concan. 
 
 2. L NICOTIANJEFOLIA, Heyne in Roxb. Fl Ind. i, 506. A tall, 
 erect plant, with hollow stems ; leaves long, subsessile, lanceolate- 
 acute, with large white flowers in terminal racemes. " Dawul" and 
 " DeonuF' is said by Graham to be the Maratha name, but in the 
 Southern Ghauts the people call it " Bokenul," or tubular poison 
 plant ; " Boke" being a tree of the order Euphorbiacese, said to be 
 poisonous. Common on the Ghauts ; seeds extremely acrid. 
 
 LXXVII. CAMPANULACE^E. 
 1. CEPHALOSTIGMA. 
 
 1. C HIRSUTUM, Edgew. in Linn. Trans, xx, p 81. Stem erect, 
 flexuose, pilose, angled, ramous ; leaves alternate, sessile lanceolate, 
 acuminated at the base, glabrous, margin denticulate ; peduncles 
 terminal, pubescent, naked ; tube of the calyx hairy ; capsule 
 globose, 3-celled. Syn. Wahlenbergia perotifolia, Wight Ic. 842. 
 The Concans ; flowers in September; found also in Abyssinia. 
 
 2. C FLEXUOSUM, Hook. Fil. and Thorns, in Proc. Linn. Soc. 
 ii, p 9. Stem hispid and pilose, very slender, flexuous, panicle- 
 branched above ; branches filiform ; leaves sessile, broad ovate 
 oblong-obtuse, slightly sinuate-dentate ; flowers on very slender 
 pedicels. A plant, 5 to 8 inches high, with the stem angled, and 
 leaves three-quarters of an inch long, having a more slender stem 
 and broader leaves than the preceding. The Concans. 
 
134 
 
 2. WAHLENBERGIA. 
 
 1. W AGRESTIS, Alph. DC. Prod. 7, p 434. Stem erect- 
 branched from the base, hairy below ; leaves approximated at the 
 base, linear-narrow, almost entire, margins waved ; peduncles often 
 dichotomous, with very short bracts, calyx lobes erect linear, very 
 narrow; corol tubular, bluish-white, capsule obovoid. Syn. W 
 dehisceus, A. DC.; W. indica, A. DC. At Mahableshwur, and 
 on other high Ghauts. 
 
 LXXVIII. GOODENOVIE/E. 
 1. SCJEVOLA, Linn. 
 
 1. S TACCADA, Roxb. Fl Ind. ii, p 146. A shrub, with obo- 
 vate, smooth, shining, entire leaves; peduncles axillary, short, 
 dichotomous ; flowers whitish, with a cleft tube ; berries spherical, 
 small, white when ripe. Syn. Lobelia taccada, Gaert ; Buglossum 
 littoreum, Rumph Amb. iv, t. 54 (?). On the sea-shore near 
 Rutnagherry, also at Raree Fort. A species with purple fruit 
 (S uvifera) grows at Kurrachee. 
 
 LXXIX. GESNERACE/E. 
 1. DIDYMOCARPUS, Wall. 
 
 1. CRISTATUS, Dalz. in Hook. Jour. Bot. iii, 225. Stem her- 
 baceous, 8 to 9 inches high, simple erect, round, fleshy ; leaves 
 large, opposite-petioled, broadly cordate, ovate-obtuse, slightly hairy 
 on both sides, inflorescence in the opposite axils and connate with 
 the petioles, crested hairy, shorter than the leaf, consisting of 
 numerous pedicels, rising upwards, and united below into a short 
 thick peduncle; corolla white, half inch long ; capsule long, slender, 
 curved, pubescent, seeds 5-angled, oblong. On rocks near Parwar 
 Ghaut ; flowers in September and October. Allied to D crinita, 
 Jack. 
 
 2. KLUG1A, Schlt. 
 
 1. SCABRA, Dalz. Mss. Stem terete, herbaceous, scabrous; 
 leaves obliquely ovate-acute, entire, penni-nerved, upperside of the 
 leaf and nerves beneath scabrous ; flowers disposed in a long 
 terminal raceme, alternate, drooping, of a deep-blue colour ; 
 pedicels shorter than the filiform bract, lower lip of corolla subentire, 
 with a triangular acute apex ; leaves 4 inches long. Warree country ; 
 flowers in the rains. Syn. Rhyncoglossum scabrum, Dalz. in 
 Hook. Jour. Bot. ii, 140. 
 
135 
 
 3. EPITHEMA, Blume. 
 
 1. ZEYLANICA, Gardner in Wight Ic. PI t. 1354. Pilosely 
 hispid all over ; inferior leaves opposite, or solitary by abortion, 
 petioled, broad ovate-cordate, doubly serrate-dentate, the upper 
 ones opposite, sessile; peduncles terminal, 1 to 3 elongated, spicate 
 at the apex ; spikes dense, secund, circulate, bracteate at the base ; 
 bracts cordate, cucullate, obtuse, dentate. On the Ghauts in the 
 southern portion of the Presidency ; flowers during the rains. 
 
 4. jESCHYNANTHUS, Jack. 
 
 1. PEROTTETTII, Alph. in DC. Prod. 9, p 261. Leaves 
 lanceolate, rather obtuse at the base, obtusely acuminated at the 
 apex, glabrous ; lateral nerves few, oblique ; umbels 3 to 5-flowered ; 
 pedicels twice the length of the calyx ; flowers red, two inches long ; 
 capsule three inches long. Parwar Ghaut; flowers in October. 
 Syn. Ae. zeylanica, Gardner (?) in Wight Ic. t. 1347 (?). 
 
 LXXX. LENTIBULARIACE^E. 
 1. UTRICULARIA. 
 
 1. RETICULATA, Smith Exot. Bot. #.119. Annual, twining; 
 leaves linear oblong-obtuse; stem branched, many-flowered; scales 
 ovate, acute, sessile ; bracts tern, ovate-lanceolate ; calycine segments 
 ovate acuminate equal ; flowers rather large, blue, the throat reti- 
 culated with darker veins ; spur conical, about equal to the lower 
 lip. Common in rice fields in the rains. 
 
 2. NIVEA, Vahl. Enum. i, p 203. 3 to 4 inches high, leafless; 
 scales adnate, with the base free ; flowers few, white, the upper lip 
 linear-erect, 2-toothed, lower ovate, half the length of the conical 
 spur ; capsules nodding, globose. At Vingorla ; in the rains. 
 
 3. STELLARIS, Linn. Fil Suppl. p 86. Aquatic ; leaves verti- 
 celled, bipinnatifid, segments capillary, bearing bladders near the 
 base ; scape ascending, many-flowered ; flowers yellow, calycine 
 segments ovate-obtuse, upper lip of corolla entire, lower longer than 
 the sac-formed spur. In tanks throughout the Concans. 
 
 4. ALBOCCERULEA, Dalz. in Hook. Jour. Bot. iii, p 279. Scape 
 round, erect, 4 to 6 inches high, root with bladders ; leaves soon 
 falling off, spathulate obscurely 3-nerved, 2 to 3 lines long, also 
 bearing bladders ; scales few, acute, fixed by their base ; flowers 
 few, blue and white, upper lip round, entire or emarginate, lower 
 very much larger, twice as long as the acute-descending spur. 
 Vingorla. S U smithiana, Wight Ic. (?) 
 
 5. DECIPIENS, Dalz. loc. cit. Scape round, 3 to 9 inches high, 
 straight or twining, root with bladders ; leaves deciduous, obovate 
 
136 
 
 spathulate, 2 to 4 lines long ; scales few, acute, fixed by the base ; 
 flowers few, purple, upper lip obovate, cuneate emarginate, lower 
 much larger, entire or emarginate about the length of the acute- 
 depending spur. Vingorla, in the rains. Syn. U affinis, Wight 
 Ic. t. 1580,^ 1. 
 
 6. ORBICULATA, Wall. list. No. 1500, DC. Prod. 8, p 18. One 
 to 2 inches high ; leaves radical, rounded, obovate, entire, attenuated 
 into a very slender petiole, scape very slender, erect, 3 to 4-flowered ; 
 pedicels twice the length of the flower ; flowers purple, the lower 
 lip with a yellow spot in the centre ; seeds oblong, covered with 
 
 tlochidate bristles. On the face of moist rocks in the Concans. 
 yn. U pussilla, Grah. Cat. Bomb. PI p 165; U glochidiata, 
 Wight Ic. t. 1581. The seeds are curious and beautiful objects. 
 
 7. U ARCUATA, Wight Ic. t. 1570 and 1571. Flowers few, 
 calyx lobes subequal, upper a little larger, broadly ovate or cordate- 
 ovate, upper lip of corolla suborbicular, obovate or obcordate, 
 entire, or more or less deeply emarginate, lower lip large, entire, 
 rarely emarginate, spur long, slender, linear subulate, pendent, or 
 falcately curved. Concans and Belgaum. Bombay, gathered by 
 Jacquemont. 
 
 LXXXI. PRIMULACE.E. 
 1. ANAGALLIS, Tournef. 
 
 1. A ARVENSIS, Linn. sp. 211. Stems procumbent, branched ; 
 branches elongated, quadrangular, shortly winged ; leaves opposite 
 or tern, ovate sessile, acutish ; peduncles longer than the leaf; 
 calyx-leaves linear lanceolate ; flowers blue or rose-coloured. Dec- 
 can. Found from Europe to New Holland. 
 
 LXXXII. MYRSINACE^E. 
 1. MAES A, Forsk. 
 
 1. INDICA, DC. Prod. 8, p 80. A shrub; leaves alternate, 
 oblong acute, grossly serrate, smooth, 3 to 6 inches long ; racemes 
 axillary and terminal, simple, branched and panicled ; flowers 
 numerous, very small, diverging, pure white ; fruit size of a small 
 pea; used to poison fish ; seeds numerous, angular. Very common 
 along the Ghauts. Syn. Baeobotrys indica, Roxb. Fl Ind. i, 557. 
 Native name " Atkee." 
 
 2. EMBELIA, Juss. 
 
 1. BASAAL, Alph., DC. Prod. 8, p 87. A shrub, 4 to 5 feet 
 high ; leaves ovate, acute, entire ; racemes lateral, one-third shorter 
 than the leaf; flowers very small, greenish-yellow ; petals acumi- 
 
137 
 
 nated ; berries size of a pepper corn, globose, red when ripe. 
 Vingorla, plentiful. 
 
 2. E GLANDULIFERA, R. Wight Ic. 1207. Shrubby, glabrous ; 
 leaves ovate-lanceolate, obtusely acuminate, entire, furnished with 
 numerous hollow glands on either side of the midrib; flowers small, 
 panic-led or racemose axillary ; petals elliptic, puberulous ; fruit 
 small, globose. The Ghauts. 
 
 3. E RIBES, Burm. ind. 62, t. 23. Branches glabrous ; leaves 
 ovate, obtusely acuminate, entire, coriaceous, shortly petioled ; 
 panicle many-flowered, much-branched ; petals elliptic-ciliated ; fruit 
 like pepper corns, sold in all the bazars under the name of 
 " Waiwurung." The Ghauts. 
 
 3. ARDISIA, Swartz. 
 
 1. HUMILTS, Vahl. Symb. p 40. A handsome evergreen shrub ; 
 leaves obovate lanceolate obtuse, entire, coriaceous, narrowed 
 into the petiole, quite smooth ; racemes axillary and terminal um- 
 bellate, drooping, shorter than the leaf; calycine lobes rounded, 
 subciliate ; flowers of a beautiful rose-colour, shining ; segments of 
 corolla lanceolate-acute. Common on the Ghauts to the south. 
 Syn. Tonus humilis, Burm. Zeyl. t. 103; Anguillaria zeylanica, 
 Gaert. Fr i, t. 77 ; A solanacea, Roxb. Fl. Ind. i, 580; Bot. Mag. 
 t. 1677; A umbellata, Roxb. Fl Ind. i, 582. Native name 
 " Dikna." 
 
 4. jEGICERAS. 
 
 1. MAJUS, Gsertn. Fr. i, p 216. A milky shrub; leaves 
 obovate, rounded-obtuse, often retuse ; flowers pure white, fragrant, 
 in terminal umbels ; fruit elongated, falcate, 3 to 4 times longer 
 than the pedicel. Common in salt marshes, in company with the 
 different species of Mangrove. Syn. Mangium fruticosum corni- 
 culatum, Rumph. Amh. iii, t. 77 ; Rhizophora corniculata, Linn. 
 sp. p 635; Aeg. fragrans, Koenig. Ann. of Bot. i, t. 3; Aeg. 
 obovatum, Blum. This tree is well described in A man's account of 
 Alexander's expedition. No. 816 of Graham's Catalogue is most 
 probably Blackwellia. 
 
 LXXXIII. JASMINACE.E. 
 
 1. JASMINUM, Linn. 
 
 1. SAMBAC, Ait. Hort. Kew. i, p 8. Shrubby, somewhat 
 climbing ; branches and petioles hairy ; leaves simple, shortly - 
 petioled, ovate or subcordate, often acute, rather smooth ; racemes 
 terminal, few-flowered ; calycine lobes about 8, subulate. Native 
 
138 
 
 name " Bhut Mogra." Syn. Nyctanthes sambac, Linn. sp. p 8 ; 
 Mogorium sambac, Lam. Illust., p 23 ; J fragrans, Salisb. Prod. 12. 
 Cultivated for its fragrant flowers, but supposed to be indigenous. 
 
 2. PUBESCENS, Willd. sp. i, 36. Branchlets hirsute; leaves 
 opposte, shortly-petioled, cordate mucronate, tomentose beneath ; 
 flowerssubsessile, in terminal umbels; calycine lobes 6 to 9, filiform 
 hirsute; corol lobes oval mucronate. South Concan. Syn. Nyc- 
 tanthes pubescens, Retz. Obs. v, p 9; Nyct. hirsuta, Linn. sp. p 8; 
 J hirsutum, Willd i, p 36; Bot. Mag. t. 1931 ; Bot. Reg. t. 15; 
 Nyctanthes multiflora, Burm. Ind. v, t. 3; Mogorium pubescens, 
 Lam. Diet, iv, p 213 ; Rheed. Mai. t. 54 and 55. 
 
 3. LATIFOLUJM, Roxb. Fl Ind. i, p 93. Shrubby, climbing, 
 leaves cordate and oblong-acute, glabrous; corymbs terminal, diffuse ; 
 calycine lobes 5 to 7, subulate ; corol lobes S to 1 2, linear cuspidate ; 
 berries kidney-shaped and oblong. Very common in Ghaut Dis- 
 tricts ; flowers large, white, fragrant. Syn. J trichotornum B latifo- 
 lium, Roth. nov. sp. p 7. Native name " Koosur." 
 
 4. J ROTTLERIANUM, R. Wight Ic. 1249. Everywhere except 
 the flowers hairy ; branches terete ; leaves elliptic-obtuse at the 
 base, acute at the apex; petioles jointed in the middle; peduncles 
 3, terminal, bearing fascicle of white flowers on the apex ; bracts 
 linear lanceolate, acuminate ; lobes of corolla 5 to 7, oblong 
 mucronate. Sivapore jungles, Warree. 
 
 5. J BRACTEATUM, Roxb. Scandent ; branches terete, elon- 
 gated, velvetty ; leaves ovate oblong, acute, villous, with short 
 petioles; fascicle terminal, subsessile, 3 to 11-flowered ; bracts broad- 
 ly ovate-cordate ; calyx lobes subulate ; lobes of corolla oblong, 
 obtuse, apiculate. Found on Mount A boo by Dr. Stocks. Wight 
 Ic. 1248. 
 
 2. SCHREBERA, Roxb. 
 
 1. .SWIETENIOIDES, Roxb. Cor. t. 101. A tall tree, glabrous ; 
 leaves imparipinnate ; leaflets 3 to 4 pair, obliquely ovate-acumi- 
 nate ; panicles terminal, trichotomous, minutely bracteated ; flowers 
 whitish ; capsule pyriform, hard bilocular, bivalved. Common 
 below the Thul Ghaut, not found in the South. Native name 
 " Moka." Wood white, close-grained, and excellent for turners. 
 
 LXXX1V. SAPOTACE^E. 
 1. CHRYSOPHYLLUM, Linn. 
 
 1. ROXBURGHII, Don. Gen. syst. Gard. iv, p 33. A very large 
 tree ; leaves 3 to 4 inches long, alternate lanceolate, acuminate, 
 glabrous ; pedicels axillary, fascicled, recurved, as long as the 
 petiole ; fruit of the size and appearance of an apple, very pulpy 
 
139 
 
 and glutinous, 5-seeded. On Chorla Ghaut and in the Soonda 
 Jungles; fruit ripe in March. Indigenous also in Silhet. DC. Prod. 
 8, 162. Syn. C acuminatum, Roxb. Fl Ind. i, 599. Native name 
 " Tursiphui" (?). 
 
 2. SAPOTA, Plum. 
 
 1. TOMENTOSA, DC. Prod. 8, 175. A tree, frequently armed 
 with blunt thorns ; leaves oval, undulated, bluntly acuminated, young 
 ones covered with tawny tomentum ; flowers numerous fascicled, 
 axillary, of a dull white, appear in February and March ; berry 
 ovate, size of an olive. Common along the higher Ghauts. 
 Sambre are fond of the fruit, Dr. Gibson. Syn. Sideroxylon 
 tomentosum, Roxb. Fl Ind. i, 602. Native name " Kanta Koomla" 
 or " Koombul." 
 
 3. ISONANDRA, Wight. 
 
 1. CANDOLLIANA, R. Wight Ic. 1220. Arboreous ; leaves 
 obovate oblong ; bluntly acuminate, tapering at the base, glabrous 
 beneath ; flowers rather small, axillary, sessile ; corolla deeply 
 4-clef't ; lobes emarginate, much longer than the stamens. On 
 the Ghauts, not uncommon. The famous Gutta-percha tree belongs 
 to this genus. 
 
 4. BASSIA, Kcenig. 
 
 1. B LONGIFOLIA, Linn. Maut. p 563. A large tree; leaves 
 lanceolate, acute at both ends ; petioles slightly villous ; pedicels 
 half the length of the leaf, suberect ; corolla 8 to 9-divided ; stamens 
 16 to 20, in a double series. Confined entirely to the southern 
 limits in the latitude of Dharwar ; in Canara, common. 
 
 2. B ELLIPTICA, Dalz. in Hook. Jour. Bot. iii, p 36 (1851). 
 A tree ; leaves elliptic or elliptic-obovate, shortly and obtusely acu- 
 minate, coriaceous, smooth on both sides ; pedicels axillary, twin or 
 tern, 3 to 4 times longer than the petiole, in fruit erect ; filaments in 
 one series, those opposite the corol lobes are in pairs, those alternate 
 with them single; fruit oblong, smooth, along with the preceding. 
 This tree has been found to yield a kind of Gutta-percha; the date 
 of publication has been mentioned, because in a pamphlet on this 
 tree, published by Dr. Cleghorn in 1858, that gentleman states that 
 he could find no account of it, and that he believed the tree was 
 unknown to naturalists. 
 
 3. LATIFOLIA, Roxb. Fl Ind. ii, 526. A large tree, branched 
 like an oak ; leaves elliptic-oblong or oval, membranaceous, sub- 
 acute, 4 to 8 inches long ; pedicels about the apex of branchlets, 
 subumbellate, reflexed, covered with tawny tomentum; berry oblong, 
 of the size of a small apple, 1 to 4-seeded. The Concans ; much 
 
140 
 
 more plentiful in Gujarat and Rajwara. The Mowah tree, from the 
 flowers of which the Mowra spirit is distilled. The seeds yield a 
 large quantity of thick oil. The wood is hard and very strong, 
 and proper for naves of wheels, Roxb. The oil is used in making 
 soap in the Kaira Zillah. 
 
 5. MIMUSOPS, Linn. 
 
 1. FLENGI, Linn. sp. p 497. A rather small but handsome 
 tree, with dark-green shining leaves, elliptic-oblong, obtusely acu- 
 minated, glabrous ; pedicels axillary fascicled ; flowers white, the 
 calyxes covered with rusty-coloured tomentum ; berry ovoid, 1 to 
 2-seeded. Wild in the ravines of the Ghauts; in fruit in September. 
 Native names " Buckhool," u Wowlee," <fcc. Roxb. Fl Ind. ii, 237. 
 
 2. HEXANDRA, Roxb. PI Cor. i, p 16, t. 15. A small rigid 
 tree; leaves obovate-elliptic, emarginate, smooth and shining on 
 both sides, 3 to 5 inches long ; flowers axillary, 1 to 6, on pedicels 
 shorter than the petiole ; berry of the size and shape of an olive, 
 1 to 2-seeded, yellow edible. Roxb. Fl Ind. ii, 238. The Concans 
 and Gujarat. Native name " Kernee." The wood is tough, and 
 used for making sugar-mills, &c. 
 
 LXXXV. SYMPLOCACEJE. 
 1. HOPEA, Linn. 
 
 1. SPICATA, DC. Prod. 8, 254. A middle-sized tree ; leaves 
 oblong lanceolate acute, serrated, glabrous ; racemes axillary, nearly 
 simple, scarcely longer than the petiole ; flowers yellowish-white ; 
 drupe size of a pea, urceolate ; seeds fluted. On the Ghauts, 
 pretty common. Syn. Symplocos spicata, Roxb. Fl Ind. ii, 540 ; 
 Eugenia laurhia, Willd. sp. ii, 967 ; Bobua laurina, DC. Prod. 
 iii, '24 ; Myrtus laurina, Retz. Obs. iv, p 27. 
 
 2. RACEMOSA, DC. Prod. 8, 255. A small tree ; leaves oblong 
 lanceolate-acuminate, glabrous, subdenticulated, shining above; 
 racemes simple axillary, equalling the petiole, hairy ; drupe narrow- 
 oblong, smooth, half an inch long, purple when ripe. On the 
 Ghauts, common. Syn. Symplocos racemosa, Roxb. loc. cit. p 
 539 ; 8 thesefolia, Don. Prod. Fl Nep. p 145. 
 
 LXXXVI. EBENACE^E. 
 
 1. DIOSPYROS, Dalech. 
 
 1. D CHLOROXYLON, Roxb. Cor. PI p 38, t. 49. A tree, with 
 deeply cracked bark, sometimes with the branches thorny ; branch- 
 
141 
 
 lets tomentose ; leaves small (2 inches long) elliptic-obovate, or 
 oblong-obtuse, pubescent above, tomentose beneath ; male flowers 
 axillary fascicled (3 to 6) ; calyx 4-divided, divisions ovate, pube- 
 scent on the outside ; corolla scarcely twice the length of the calyx, 
 4-lobed ; female flowers solitary sessile, with 8 anthers ; stigmas 4, 
 bifid ; ovary glabrous, 8-celled, anthers in the male flowers 16, in 
 unequal pairs, a 4-lobed rudimul in the centre ; anthers dehiscing, 
 on each side of the apex; flowers small, white, appear in the 
 beginning of June. Common about Surat, on the north side, also in 
 IN assick Districts ; fruit size of a large pea. Syn. D capitulata, 
 Wight Ic. 1224 and 15H8 (?). Native name " INinei" ; fruit eatable. 
 
 2. PANICULATA, Dalz. in Hook. Jour. Bot. iv, p 109. Arbo- 
 reous, branches glabrous ; leaves lanceolate-oblong, obtusely acumi- 
 nated, short-petioled, coriaceous, glabrous; male flowers numerous, 
 panicled in the axils of the fallen leaves ; panicles shorter than the 
 leaf, with the buds and pedicels sooty velvetty ; calyx 5-divided, 
 segments foliaceous, reticulately veined, broadly oval-obtuse ; corolla 
 sooty and velvetty outside, twice as long as the calyx, the 5 divi- 
 sions oblong-obtuse, as long as the tube ; female flowers lateral 
 solitary, with their pedicels as long as the petiole ; female calyx 
 increasing with the fruit ; fruit ovoid, densely tomentose, included 
 in the enlarged calyx. Chorla Ghaut and Raighur ; flowers in the 
 cool season. 
 
 3. PRURIENS, Dalz. Inc. cit. Branchlets softly hairy; leaves 
 narrow -oblong, acuminate, subsessile, hirsute on both sides; male 
 flowers twin, on an axillary peduncle, 3 times longer than the 
 petiole ; female flowers, axillary and lateral solitary, subsessile ; 
 fruit ovoid-conical, densely clothed with fulvous stinging hairs, 
 the size of a large cherry. Grows in the same place as the 
 preceding. 
 
 4. NIGRICANS, Dalz. loc. cit. Arboreous; leaves oblong or 
 lanceolate-acuminated, membranaceous, glabrous, 4 inches long; 
 male flowers in threes, sessile, on the apex of a very short peduncle ; 
 calyx villous turbinate, the limb 4-divided, divisions ovate-acute, 
 ciliated, spreading; corolla glabrous, with a short tube, divisions 
 narrow-linear, 3 to 4 lines longer than the tube ; stamens 26, in 
 twos, threes, or fours ; female flowers not seen. Chorla Ghaut. 
 
 5. GOINDU, Dalz. loc. cit. Arboreous ; leaves ovate oblong, 
 rounded or truncate at the base, obtuse at the apex, glabrous, 
 shortly-petioled ; male flowers in threes, on an axillary peduncle as 
 long as the petiole; female flowers axillary, solitary; calyx 4- 
 divided, the divisions short, rounded, glabrous ; corolla urceolate, 
 segments of the limb 4, rounded ; stamina 16; fruit globose, size of 
 a cherry, yellow when ripe; flowers in April to June; allied to D 
 cordifolia, Roxb. Common on the Ghauts. No. 830 of Graham's 
 
142 
 
 Catalogue; D cordifolia, Wight Tllustr. t. 148 (non. Roxb.) ; Wight 
 Ic. 1:225. Native name " Goindu." 
 
 6. CANDOLLIANA, Wight Ic. 1221. Arboreous glabrous ; leaves 
 elliptic-oblong, obtusely acuminate, flowers axillary aggregated 
 sessile; calyx 4 to 5-cleft ; of the female, revolute on the margin ; 
 corolla tubular, 4 to 5-cleft; stamens of the male 10, filaments united 
 by pairs, of the female 4 to 5, sterile ; fruit ovoid, hard, about the 
 size of a nutmeg. Distinguished from all the others by its veinless 
 leaves. The Ghauts, common. 
 
 7. D EXSCTJLPTA, Ham. in Linn. Trans, xv, p 111. A small 
 tree; branchlets, peduncles, and flowers clothed with ferruginous 
 tomentum; leaves large, broad-elliptic, tomentose beneath ; peduncles 
 of male flowers as long as the petiole, 3-flowered ; fruit size of a 
 pigeon's egg, smooth, eatable. Native name " Timboornee." No. 
 &26 of Graham's Catalogue; Wight Ic. 1<S2 and 183. 
 
 8. D MONTANA, Roxb. Cor. PI. t. 48. A small tree, with or 
 without thorns on the stem ; leaves ovate-acute, obtuse at the base, 
 smooth, membranaceous, male racemes 5 to 6-flowered, double the 
 length of the petiole; female flowers solitary; drupe globose, slightly 
 depressed, rather hard, olive-coloured. This species is not unlike 
 D Goindu, but has much larger leaves and fruit, and more numerous 
 flowers. The Ghauts to the north; hills around Hewra. 
 
 2. HOLOCHILUS, Dalz. 
 
 1. H MICKANTHTJS, Dalz. in Hook. Jour. Bot. iv, p 290. A 
 middle-sized tree ; leaves elliptic or oblong, attenuated at the base, 
 obtusely acuminated, shortly petioled, coriaceous, smooth ; flowers 
 minute, white, axillary solitary, sessile, dioecious ; calyx tube entire 
 truncated ; corol tubular, 3-divided to the middle ; stamens in the 
 female flower 6, sterile; fruit cylindric-oblong, hard, dry, 1 inch 
 long, G-celled ; seeds solitary, pendent. On the Southern Ghauts; 
 flowers in February and March ; male flowers not yet seen. 
 
 3. iMABA, Forst. 
 
 1. IV! NIGRESCENS, Dalz. A small tree with rigidly erect 
 branches, young branchlets covered with rusty or tawny pube- 
 scence ; leaves small, shining, subsessile, ovate or oval-acute, margins 
 slightly recurved and undulated ; leaves beneath, especially on the 
 margin and midrib, clothed with tawny adpressed hairs. Pretty 
 common in the Ghaut jungles. Native name " Ruktroora." The 
 leaves turn black in drying, and appear quite veinless. Allied to 
 M Guineensis. 
 
143 
 
 LXXXVII. AZIMACE^l, Gard. and Wight. 
 1. AZIMA, Lam. 
 
 1. A TETRACANTHA, Lam. Illustr. Gen. t. 807. Dioecious, 
 shrubby ; branches opposite, tetragonal, spreading, thorny ; leaves 
 opposite-petioled, acute, entire, smooth ; flowers axillary, clustered, 
 very shortly peduncled ; berries white. At Gokak ; Dharwar 
 fort ; also the Hubshee's Country near the sea, &c. Syn. Monetia 
 baiierioides, Herit. Wight Illustr. t. 153. 
 
 LXXXVIII. AQUIFOLIACE.E. 
 
 1. ILEX, Linn. 
 
 1. I WIGHTIANA, Wall, Wight Ic. 1216. A tree, glabrous; 
 leaves ovate-elliptic or elliptic-acuminate, entire, coriaceous ; 
 umbels of flowers numerous, axillary, or from the scars of the fallen 
 leaves ; pedicels about the length of the peduncles, often longer ; 
 corolla white, 5 to 6-cleft ; berry 5 to 6-seeded, size of a small pea, 
 red when ripe. The Ghauts; flowers in March and April. 
 
 LXXXIX. APOCYNACEJE. 
 1. CARISSA, Linn. 
 
 1. CARANDAS, Linn. Maut. p 52. A very common thorny 
 shrub ; leaves oval, shortly petioled, coriaceous, glabrous, shining 
 above; peduncles terminal, 3 to 5-flowered, shorter than the leaf; 
 flowers white, like a Jasmine ; berry oval, reddish or purple, ripe in 
 May, eatable. Syn. Lycium malabaricum, Pluk. Aim. t. 305. fig. 4 ; 
 Carandas, Humph. Amb. vii, p 57 ; Echites spinosa, Burm. Ind; 
 Capparis carandas, Gmel. syst. i, p 806'. Native name u Corinda." 
 
 "2. LANCEOLATA, Dalz. Mss. A thorny shrub; leaves 3 to 4 
 inches long, lanceolate, coriaceous, glabrous ; fruit size of a plum, 
 purple when ripe, glutinous, far superior in flavour to the preceding. 
 Rarn Ghaut ; fruit ripe in May. 
 
 3. HIRSUTA, Roth. nov. sp. p 128. Branches thorny, tomen- 
 tose ; leaves roundish or ovate, hairy on both sides, 1 to 1 k inch 
 long; peduncles terminal and axillary, 3 to 7-flowered, shorter than 
 the leaf; berry globose, of the size of a pea, smooth, dark-purple. 
 Hills eastward of Belgaum. Syn. C villosa, Roxb. Fl Ind. ii, 525 ; 
 Wight. Ic. t. 437. 
 
 2. OPHIOXYLON, Linn. 
 
 1. SERPENTINUM, Linn. Willd. syst. iv., p 979. A very small 
 shrub ; leaves opposite or verticelled in threes, oblong-acute, 
 
144 
 
 undulate, 3 to 6 inches long ; cymes subterminal from the upper- 
 most axils ; flowers numerous, small, white or rosy; peduncles and 
 pedicels at length bright-red; berries ovoid, 1 -seeded, small, 
 shining. The Concans, common. Syn. O trifbliatum and Album, 
 Gaert. Fr. ii, p 129; Humph. Herb. Arab, vii, 30 (?). Used to 
 poison tigers. 
 
 2. NEILGHERRYENSE, R. Wight Ic. 1292. Shrubby, erect, 
 glabrous; leaves confined to the terminal ramuli, older branches 
 naked ; leaves oblong-elliptic, broader towards the apex, acute 
 at both ends ; corymbs axillary, cymose trichotomous ; flowers 
 white ; berries connate at the base, ovoid, dark, brownish-purple 
 when ripe. 
 
 3. TABERN^MONTANA, Plum. 
 
 1. CRISPA, Roxb. Fl Ind. 2, p 24. A shrub, with dichotomous 
 branches ; leaves oblong-acute undulated, glabrous, 4 to 8 inches 
 long; peduncles arising from the forks, few-flowered; pedicels 
 elongated ; flowers large, white, the margins of the petals crisped 
 and curled, follicles curved, oblong-acute, 2 inches long, yellow 
 when ripe. On the Ghauts, pretty common. Wight Ic. t. 470 ; 
 Syn. T alternifolia, Linn. sp. p 30H. 
 
 2. CORONARIA, Br. in Hort. Kew. ii, p 72. A shrub very like 
 the preceding; leaves opposite unequal, elliptic-oblong, acute at 
 the base, obtusely acuminated ; peduncles from the forks twin, 
 erect, dichotomous, 4 to 6-flowered ; flowers white, fragrant at night. 
 On the Meera hills, near Penn. The double variety is common in 
 gardens. Roxb. Fl Ind. ii, p 23 ; Wight Ic. t. 477 ; Syn. Nandi 
 ervatam ; Rheed Mai. ii, t. 54 and 55 ; Flos Manilhanus, Rumph. 
 Amb. iv, p 87 ; Nerium divaricatum, Linn sp. p 306 ; Jasminum 
 ^eylanicum, Burm. Zeyl. t. 39 ; Nerium coronarium, Jacq ; Bot. 
 Mag. t. 1865. 
 
 4. VINCA, Linn. 
 
 1. PUSILLA, Murr. Act. Goett. 1772, p 66, I. 2, fg. L A 
 small annual herbaceous plant, stem erect, quadrangular, glabrous ; 
 leaves narrow lanceolate, rough on the margin ; flowers very small, 
 white, solitary in the axils of the leaves ; follicles slender, 1 inch 
 long. Wag Donger, near Vingorla. The Deccan, common ; Syn. 
 V parviflora, Retz. Obs. ii, No. 33 ; Roxb. Fl Ind. ii, p 1 ; Catha- 
 ranthus pusillus, Don. syst. Gard. iv, p 95. 
 
 5. VALLARIS, Burm. 
 
 1. HEYNEI, Spr. syst. i, p 635. A twining shrubby plant; 
 leaves elliptic, acuminated, glabrous ; racemes subcorymbose, pube- 
 scent ; flowers rather large, white, rotate ; the lobes of the corolla 
 
145 
 
 obtuse; follicles oblong, large, six inches long, 2 inches thick. In 
 the Concans; common even in the Deccan. Syn. Peltanthera 
 solanacea, Roth. nov. sp. p 132; Echites dichotoma, Uoxb. Fl 
 Ind. ii, p 19. 
 
 6. WRIGHTIA, R. Br. 
 
 1. TOMENTOSA, Rcem. and Schult. syst. iv, p 414. A small 
 tree ; leaves elliptic-lanceolate or elliptic, attenuated at the base, 
 pubescent, with dark-coloured tomentum ; corymbs dense, rigid, 
 terminal ; flowers yellowish ; follicles 8 to 9 inches long, scabrous. 
 Very common on the Northern Ghauts. Yields a yellow juice, 
 which may be serviceable as a dye. Syn. Nerium tomentosum, 
 Roxb. Fl Ind. ii, p 6; VV tomentosa, Wight Ic. 443; W pubescens, 
 Roth. nov. sp. 120 and 397. Native name " Kala Inderjow." 
 
 2. TINCTORIA, Br. Mem. Wern. Soc. i, 73. A small tree ; 
 leaves elliptic-lanceolate and ovate, obtusely acuminated, glabrous, 
 membranaceous, panicles terminal, lax, many-flowered; flowers 
 white, fragrant, appear in April; follicles very long and slender, 
 pendulous, as thick as a quill. Jungles south of Nagotna, and 
 many other places. The wood of this tree is remarkably white and 
 close-grained, coming nearer to ivory than any other I know of, 
 Roxb. Indigo is made from the leaves and tender branches. 
 Native name " Kala Koora." 
 
 3. WALLICHII. A shrub ; leaves elliptic-obovate, acute at the 
 base, obtusely acuminated, covered all over with dark-brown 
 tomentum ; calycine lobes broadly ovate-rounded ; scales inside 
 ovate-rounded, half the length of the lobes ; flowers and follicles 
 very like those of Tomentosa. In the Warree Country, very 
 common ; a native also of Burmah. 
 
 7. HOLARRHEN^, R. Br. 
 
 1 . ANTIDYSENTERICA, Wall, list No, 1672. A shrub ; branches, 
 leaves, and peduncles glabrous ; leaves elliptic, very obtuse at the 
 base, acute or abruptly acuminated at the apex ; cymes many- 
 flowered, terminal ; flowers puberulous, white, appear in April and 
 May; follicles I foot long. Very common in the Concans. Syn. 
 Chonemorpha antidysenterica, Don. Gen. syst. Gard. iv, p 79; 
 Wight Ic. t. 439. This plant furnishes the officinal Conessi bark, 
 used in fever and diarrhoea, and which contains an uncrystallisable 
 alkaloid. Native name " Dowla Koora." 
 
 8. ALSTONIA, R. Br. 
 
 1. SCHOLARIS, Br. Mem. Wern. Soc. i, 75. A large spreading 
 tree ; leaves in verticels of 5 to 7, obovate-oblong, acute at the 
 19c 
 
146 
 
 base, obtuse at the apex, glabrous and shining above, paler 
 beneath ; cyme globose, com pound, many-flowered ; flowers greenish- 
 white, subsessile, fascicled, pubescent, woolly in the throat, follicles 
 a foot long. Pretty common in the jungly parts of the Concan ; 
 very large trees in Rairee Fort. Native name " Satween." Wight 
 Ic. t. 422; Syn. Pala, Rheed. Mai. i, t. 45; Lignum scholare, 
 Rumph. Amb. ii, p 246 ; Echites scholaris, Linn. The bark 
 possesses very powerful tonic properties, and may prove useful in 
 agues ; a common rustic medicine in bowel disorders, Nimmo ; the 
 wood is as bitter as Gentian. (Vide Pharmac. Journal 1852 
 accounts by Dr. Gibson of its virtues.) 
 
 9. HELTGME, Blume. 
 
 1. IT RHEEDEI, R. Wight. Ic. 1303. Twining, glabrous ; leaves 
 ovate-acute, short-petioled, corymbs trichotomous, many-flowered ; 
 calyx lobes ovate-obtuse, ciliated ; corolla rotate, hairy within, 
 filaments beautifully twisted into a spiral column ; follicles 2-celled, 
 seeds comose at the apex. Near Banda, in the Warree Country. 
 
 10. ELLERTONIA, Wight. 
 
 1. E RHEEDEI, Wight Ic. t. 1295. A scandent shrub with 
 opposite or verticellate leaves, which are elliptic-acuminate, 
 coriaceous, glabrous; corymbs axillary, or several, from the ends 
 of the branches, longish-peduncled, cymose, many-flowered ; corolla 
 hypocrateriform, revolute; follicles terete, divaricated. In the 
 Warree Country. 
 
 11. CHONEMORPHA, G. Don. 
 
 1. MACROPHYLLA, G. Don. Gen. sy*t. Gard. iv, p 76. A large 
 climbing shrub ; branches strong, covered with ovate warts ; leaves 
 broadly oval cuspidate, subcordate at the base, pubescent beneath, 
 membranaceous, 10 to 12 inches long, 6 to 10 inches broad; cymes 
 erect, stalked, shorter than the leaf, subpubescent ; flowers large, 
 white, fragrant, coriaceous ; follicles a foot long, rather slender and 
 pretty smooth. At Banda, in the Warree Country. Wight Ic. t. 
 432; Syn. Echites macrophylla, Roxb. Fl Ind. ii, p 13. 
 
 12. AGANOSMA, Don. 
 
 1. A DONIANA, R. Wight Ic. 1306. Everywhere glabrous, 
 except the inflorescence; leaves elliptic, cuspidately acuminate; 
 corymbs terminal, compact, pilose ; lobes of the calyx linear- 
 lanceolate, longer than the tube of the corolla; follicles terete, 
 tomentose, divaricated. Phoonda Ghaut. 
 
147 
 
 2. A CONCANENSIS, Hook. Ic. PI ix, t. 841. Climbing, 
 glabrous; leaves broad-elliptic, ovate, very shortly acuminated, 
 cordate at the base, membranaceous, remotely penninerved ; 
 peduncles axillary, shorter than the leaf; cymes compound dense ; 
 sepals triquetrous, acuminate ; corol tube short, divisions of the 
 limb oblong-obtuse, spreading ; stamens exserted, glands 5, large, 
 obtuse. South Concan ; rare. 
 
 13. BEAUMONTIA, Wall. 
 
 1. B JERDONIANA, Wight Ic. 1314& 1315. A climbing shrub; 
 leaves obovate, abruptly acuminate, 8 to 10 inches long ; cymes 
 terminal, many-flowered ; corolla large, infundibuliform, 4 inches 
 long ; follicles cylindric, 9 to 10 inches long, and about 1 thick ; 
 calyx lobes narrow-lanceolate. Warree and the Southern Maratha 
 Country ; in Canara, plentiful. 
 
 14. ICLINOCARPUS, R. Br. 
 
 1 . I FRUTESCENS, Br. in Mem. Wern. Soc. i, p 61 . A climbing- 
 shrub; leaves small, elliptic-acute at both ends, hairy beneath; 
 cymes terminal, many-flowered, covered with reddish tomentum ; 
 flowers very small, white ; follicles 6 inches long ; leave* 1 to 3 inches 
 long. Common in the Warree Country, climbing over trees. 
 Southern Maratha Country, Law ; D liar war Collectorate ; Wight 
 Ic. t. 430; Syn. Apocynum floribus fasciculatis, Burm; Thes. 
 Zeyl ^. 12; Apocynum frutescens, Linn. sp. 312; Echites frute- 
 scens, Roxb. Fl Ind. ii, p 1 2. 
 
 15. ANODENDRON, DC. 
 
 1. PANICULATUM, DC. Prod. 8,443. An immense climbing 
 shrub, glabrous ; leaves opposite, entire, obtusely cuspidate, coria- 
 ceous ; cymes axillary and terminal, trichotomous, panicled ; 
 flowers very numerous, small, pale-yellow ; follicles attenuated 
 upwards, from an ovoid base, somewhat woody, smooth, 4 inches 
 long. Very common on the Ghauts. Syn. Echites paniculata, 
 Roxb. Fl Ind. p 17; Wight Ic. t. 396; Gymnema nepalense of 
 Graham's Catalogue, p 120. Native name " Lamtanee" ; flowers 
 in January and March. 
 
 XC. ASCLEPIADE.E. 
 1. HEMIDESMUS, R. Br. 
 
 1. H INDICUS, R. Br. Mem. Wern. Soc. i, 56. A twining, 
 glabrous plant ; leaves from ovate to narrow-linear, cuspidate ; 
 
148 
 
 cymes subsessile or shortly-peduncled ; flowers small, deep purple 
 inside; follicles slender, straight. A very common plant. The 
 root is used as a substitute for Sarsaparilla, and from its aroma 
 seems to have active properties. Wight Ic. 594 ; Syn. Periploca 
 indica, Willd. sp. i, p 1251 ; Asclepias pseudosarsa, lloxb. Fl Ind. 
 ii, 39 ; Deless Ic. v, 24, t. 55. 
 
 2. CRYPTOLEPIS, R. Br. 
 
 1 . PUCHANANI, Rcetn. and Schult. syst. iv, 409. A milky shrub, 
 with dark-coloured cracked bark, coming off in thin laminae, climbing, 
 smooth ; leaves opposite, short-petioled, broad-elliptic, with a short 
 subulate point, bright-green above, whitish and glaucous beneath, 
 transversely veined ; corymbs axillary, short-peduncled ; flowers 
 subsessile, pale-yellow ; corol segments ligulate. Koyle Trans. 
 Linn. Soc. xix, 53, t. 5 ; C reticulata, Royle lllustr. Him. PL p 1, 
 270 ; Nerium reticulatum, Roxb. Fl Ind. ii, p 9. Common in Bom- 
 bay, Elephanta, the Concans, &c., and Ghauts. Wight Ic. t. 49. 
 
 3. TOXOCARPUS, W. and A. 
 
 1. CRASSTFOLIUS, Wight Contr. p 61. Branches sparingly 
 pubescent ; leaves oval-acuminate, glabrous on both sides, paler 
 beneath, and with a narrow recurved margin ; branches of the cyme 
 elongated, panicled ; flowers small, sessile, fascicled; divisions of 
 the corolla reflexed at the apex, densely bearded with white hairs 
 (collapsed tubes) within. The Ghauts. Wight Ic. t. 598. 
 
 4. HOLOSTEMMA, R. Br. 
 
 1. PI RIIEEDEI, Spr. syst. i, 851.- A twining, glabrous shrub ; 
 leaves broadly ovate-cordate, with a wide sinus, acuminated, glab- 
 rous ; umbels shortly-peduncled ; flowers pretty large, thick, and 
 fleshy, red and white, fragrant ; follicles ventricose, smooth. Wight 
 Ic. 597. Very common in hedges, Bombay and the Concans. Syn. 
 Asclepias annularis, Roxb. Fl Ind. ii, p 37; Sarcostemma annulare, 
 Roth. nov. sp. p 178. Found also above the Ghauts. 
 
 5. CYNANCHUM. 
 
 1. PAUCIFLORUM, R. Br. Twining, glabrous; leaves ovate 
 acuminate, reniformly cordate, with diverging auricles; umbels 
 few-flowered ; peduncles shorter than the petioles ; flowers glabrous, 
 on short pedicels ; crown equaling corolla, with a 10-cleft plicate 
 border, naked inside ; anthers lanceolate-acuminate, bifid at the 
 point ; alternate ones very short, and emarginate or truncate. At 
 Moosee, near Poona. 
 
149 
 
 6. CALOTROPIS, R. Br. 
 
 1. C GIGANTEA, R. Br. Mem. Wern. Soc. p 28. A tall, hoary 
 shrub ; leaves large, stem-clasping, oblong-ovate, downy beneath, 
 4 to 6 inches long ; umbels simple or compound, interpetiolar, half 
 the length of the leaves ; flowers large, of a pale-purple ; follicles 
 ovoid ventricose, green, herbaceous. Common in the Concan, not 
 in Gujarat. Lind. Bot. Reg. xvii. t. 58. The active principle 
 Mudarine is extracted from this plant, and has the property of 
 coagulating by heat, and becoming fluid again on exposure to cold. 
 Syn. Asclepias gigantea, Willd. sp. i, 1264. An excellent altera- 
 tive, and powerful as a remedy in cutaneous diseases. 
 
 2. C PROCERA, l\. Br. in Hort. Kew. ii, p 78. A shrub like the 
 preceding, but generally smaller; leaves ovate or oval, with a 
 cordate base, and with a short and sudden acumi nation, 4 inches 
 long ; umbels peduncled, nearly as long as the leaves ; flowers as 
 in the preceding ; follicles obovoid, downy, as large as an egg. 
 The Deccan and Guzerat, also in Sind, Persia, Arabia, and Africa. 
 Syn. C wallichii, Wight Contr. p 53 ; C hamiltonii, Wight loc. 
 cit; C heterophylla, Wall, in Wight Contr. p 54; Wight Ic. 1278. 
 From this plant has been extracted hemp of the finest quality, 
 very strong and silky. Handkerchiefs of fine quality have been 
 made from it. 
 
 7. SARCOSTEMMA, R. Br. 
 
 1. S BREVISTIGMA, W. and A. Contr. p 59. Leafless, 
 twining ; umbels terminal, or at the apex of short lateral branchlets; 
 pedicels and calyx smooth ; divisions of corolla ovate, rather obtuse, 
 smooth; exterior staminal corona with 10 folds; interior ones 
 gibbous on the back, and longer than the gynostegium ; flowers 
 white. Common in the Deccan in stony places ; flowers in June. 
 Syn. Asclepias acida, Roxb. Fl InH. ii, p 31 ; Jacq. Voy. t. 113. 
 
 2. INTERMEDIUM, DeCaisne in DC. Prod. 8, p 538. Twining, 
 leafless; branches round, glabrous; peduncles terminal or axillary; 
 umbels many-flowered, sub-globose; divisions of corolla oblong- 
 lanceolate, waved, glabrous ; follicles linear or oblong obtuse ; flowers 
 white, appear in the rains. Throughout the Deccan ; Isle of Perim, 
 Dr. Lush. Syn. Sarcostemma viminale, Wight Contr. p 59. 
 Used in the culture of Sugar-cane to keep off White Ants. 
 Wight Ic. 1281. 
 
 8. PENTATROPIS, R. Br. 
 
 1. MICROPHYLLA, W. and A. Contr. p 52. A twining glabrous 
 plant ; leaves oval-mucronulate, rounded at the base, glabrous, 
 fleshy, shortly-petioled ; umbels subsessile, few-flowered ; pedicels 
 
150 
 
 filiform ; flowers greenish ; divisions of the corol lanceolate, reflexed. 
 Bombay, Salsette, Gujarat, and Deccan, plentiful. Syn. Asclepias 
 microphylla, Roxb. Fl Ind. ii, p 35; Heyne in Roth. nov. sp. 
 p 177 ; Wight Ic. 352. A type of the desert Flora. 
 
 9. OXYSTELMA, R. Br. 
 
 1. ESCULENTUM, R. Br. Mem. Wern. Soc. i, p 40. Twining, 
 perennial ; leaves linear or linear-lanceolate, mucronate, glabrous ; 
 peduncles 1 to 5-flowered ; margins of corolla ciliated ; flowers 
 large, pale rose-coloured, streaked with purple ; follicles oblong, 
 obtusely acuminated, very handsome. The Concans and Deccan, 
 rare. Syn. Periploca esculenta, Linn. Fil. suppl. p 168 ; Willd. sp. Pi 
 1250; Roxb. Cor. t. 11 ; Asclepias rosea, Iloxb. Fl Ind. ii, p 40. 
 
 10. DCEMIA, R, Br. 
 
 1 . EXTENSA, R. Br. loc. c:t. Twining, perennial ; branches hoary 
 and hairy ; leaves subrotund, cordate, acuminate, pubescent, mem- 
 branaceous ; peduncles and pedicels long, slender; flowers drooping, 
 dull-white ; follicles covered with soft bristles, and with a curved 
 l>eak. Northern Concan, and Gujarat; flowers in January. Syn. 
 Cynanchum extensum, Ait. Hort. Kew. i, 303 ; C cordifoliuin, 
 Retz. Obs. ii, p 15; Asclepias echinata. Roxb. Fl Ind. ii, p 44 ; A 
 convolvulacese, Willd. sp. PI i, 1:269; A dcemia, Forsk. Fl ^Egypt, 
 p 51; Wight Ic. 596. 
 
 11. TYLOPHORA, R. Br. 
 
 1. CARNOSA, Wall., Wight and Arn. Contr. p 49. Twining, 
 glabrous; stems and branches slender; leaves fleshy-ovate or 
 elliptic-ovate mucronate, shining, paler beneath ; petioles pubescent 
 above ; peduncles longer than the petioles, several flowered ; pedicels 
 filiform; flowers small, purple, inside leaflets of the staminal 
 crown suborbicular ; leaves 1 to 2 inches long, 6 to 9 lines broad. 
 Wight Ic. *. 351. 
 
 2. TENUISSIMA, Wight and Arn. Contr. p 49. Twining, 
 glabrous ; branches slender ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, subcordate 
 at the base, cuspidate, veinless, revolute on the margin ; peduncles 
 flexuous, having several filiform pedicels at the bends; flowers 
 small ; leaflets of the staminal crown ovate-oblong. V^ ight Ic. 588 ; 
 Syn. Ascl<-pias tenuissima, Roxb. Fl Ind. ii, p 44; Roem. and 
 Schult. syst. vi, p 85. 
 
 3. ASTHMATICA, Wight and Arn. Contr. p 51. Twining, 
 glabrous, or pubescent; branches slender; leaves ovate or somewhat 
 rounded-acuminate, often cordate at the base, glabrous above ; 
 
151 
 
 petioles nearly round without glands ; peduncles shorter than the 
 leaf, bearing towards the apex, 2 to 3 sessile, few-flowered 
 umbels; flowers rather large, long-pedicelled, divisions of the 
 corolla acute. Wight Ic. 1277 ; Syn. Asclepias asthmatica, Roxb. 
 Fl Ind. ii, p 33; Willd. sp. p 1270; Cynanchum vomitoriwr, 
 Lam. Encycl. ii, p 235; C ipecacuana, Willd. Jaterb. der. Pharm ; 
 C indicum, Burm; C viridiflorum, Bot. Mag. t. 1929; Pluk. t. 
 336, / 7. 
 
 4. FASCICULATA, Ham., Wight and Arn. Contr. p 50. Erect, 
 or scarcely twining, glabrous ; leaves approximated, ovate, rather 
 obtuse, rather fleshy, decreasing in size upwards ; peduncles erect, 
 flexuous, bearing at the flexures 2 to 3 few-flowered fascicles. 
 Southern Concan. Wight Ic. t. 848. 
 
 12. COSMOSTIGMA, Wight. 
 
 1. RACEMOSUM, Wight Contr. p 41. Shrubby, climbing; 
 branchlets piped ; leaves broadly-ovate or rounded-acuminate, 
 obtuse or cordate at the base, glabrous ; peduncles interpetiolar ; 
 corymbose racemose at the apex ; flowers small, yellow, marked with 
 ferruginous dots ; follicles large, linear oblong-obtuse, smooth. 
 Common in hedges ; flowers in the rains. Syn. Asclepias racemosa, 
 Roxb. Fllnd. ii, p 32; Deless. Ic. Select, v, 35, t. 84; Wight 
 Ic. 591. 
 
 13. GYMNEMA, R. Br. 
 
 1 . SYLVESTRE, R. Br. Wern. Soc. i, 33. Shrubby, climbing, 
 all except the upperside of the leaves softly pubescent ; leaves 
 ovate or ovate-lanceolate, attenuated at both ends, or obscurely 
 cordate at the base ; peduncles as long as the petioles ; umbels twin, 
 many-flowered ; flowers crowded, small, yellow ; follicles slender, 
 attenuated, glabrous. The Ghauts and Southern Maratha Country, 
 Law; Wight. Ic. t. 349; Syn. G parviflorum, Wall. Tent. Fl Nep. 
 p50; Periploca sylvestris, Willd. sp. i, 1252; Asclepias geminata, 
 Roxb. Fl Ind. ii, p 45; Wight Ic. 349. 
 
 14. BIDARIA, Endl. 
 
 1. ELEGANS, DeCaisne DC. Prod. 8, p 623. Twining ; 
 branches slender, smooth ; leaves cordate-ovate or oval-acuminate, 
 waved on the margin, quite smooth ; petioles puberulous ; umbels 
 at first shortly ped uncled, after elongated spirally, of the same 
 length as the pedicels ; flowers small, greenish-yellow ; follicles 
 acuminate, 3 inches long, 3 to 4 lines thick. On the higher Ghauts. 
 Syn. Gymnema elegans, Wight Contr. p 46. 
 
152 
 
 15. LEPTADENIA, R. Br. 
 
 1. RETICULATA, Wight Contr. p 47. Shrubby, bark corky, 
 twining, younger branches ash-coloured, pubescent; leaves ovate or 
 lanceolate-acute, glabrous or pubescent; umbels lateral, many- 
 flowered, as long as the petiole ; segments of the corolla revolute on 
 the margin, bearded within ; flowers greenish-yellow ; follicles 
 cylindrical oblong-obtuse. Very common, particularly near the 
 sea. Syn. Cynanchum reticulatum, Hetz. Obs. ii, p 15; Asclepias 
 suberosa, Roxb. Fl Ind. ii, 38 ; Secamone canescens, Smith in 
 Ree's Cycl ; Wight Ic. 350. 
 
 2. JACQUEMONTIANA, DeCaisne Etud. Asclep. An ere(t, 
 much-branched, broom-like shrub; branches twiggy, slender; 
 leaves narrow-linear (on the younger branches only) ; umbels few- 
 flowered, very shortly-peduncled ; flowers very small, yellow ; 
 follicles 4 inches long, slender, smooth. On the sea-shore south of 
 Gogo, plentiful. DeCaisne describes this as leafless, but this is a 
 mistake. Very common in Sind, wliere it is called " Kip." Ropes 
 are made from it. 
 
 16. HETEROSTEMMA, W. and A. 
 
 1. WALLICHII, Wight. Contr. p 42. Twining; branches with 
 two opposite lin^s of hairs ; leaves ovate-acuminate glabrous, 4 to 8 
 inches long; peduncles very short, few-flowered; flowers fuscous 
 within ; follicles 4 inches long, smooth, purple, blunt-pointed ; seeds 
 few. Near Malwan ; flowers in September. 
 
 2. URCEOLATUM, Dalz. in Hook. Jour. Bot. iv, p 295. Stem 
 twining, purple, puberulous ; leaves petioled, herbaceous, glabrous, 
 broadly ovate, acute-cordate at the base, and furnished with a 
 gland; umbels very shortly-peduncled, few-flowered; corolla deeply 
 urceolate, reddish-purple, 8 to 10 lines long. On hills near Belgaum, 
 also at Rewadunda ; flowers in July. 
 
 17. HOYA, R. Br. 
 
 1. PALLIDA, Lind. Bot. Reg. 951. Parasitic, climbing ; leaves 
 ovate lanceolate-acuminate, fleshy, veined ; umbel of flowers com- 
 pact, hemispherical. Very like H carnosa, but much paler, and 
 the divisions of the corolla more acute. Very common on trees. 
 
 2. PENDULA, Wight. Contr. p 36. Twining ; leaves oval oblong- 
 acute or broadly ovate-acuminate ; peduncles longer than the 
 petiole, pendulous, many-flowered ; corolla pubescent within ; 
 flowers in the rains. Hills near Nagotna ; Southern Concan, 
 Nimmo. Syn Asclepius pendula, Roxb. Fl Ind. ii, p 36 ; Rheed. 
 Mai. ix,t. 13; Wight Ic. 474, 
 
153 
 
 3. RETUSA, Dalz. in Hook. Jour. Bot. iv, p 294. Parasitic, 
 pendulous, glabrous ; branches long*, filiform, terete ; leaves short- 
 petioled, linear, 3-sided, fleshy, glabrous, retuse at the apex ; 
 flowers on a very short axillary peduncle, solitary or twin fascicled, 
 long-pedicelled ; flowers white, shining. Dandelly jungles ; flowers 
 in the rains ; has the habits of H pauciflora, R. Wight Ic. t. 1269. 
 
 4. VIRIDIFLORA, R. Br. Wern. Soc. i, p 27. Twining; leaves 
 ovate or cordate-acuminate, smooth on both sides ; peduncles often 
 as long as the petiole, and with pedicels glabrous ; flowers, grow in 
 drooping umbels, which appear in May ; follicles divaricate, thick- 
 obtuse, covered with rusty-coloured farina, or smooth. Very 
 common in hedges. Maratha name " Doree," owing to its being 
 used as rope. Wight in Hook. Bot. Misc. ii,p 98; Suppl. t. 1; 
 Rheed. Mai. ix, p 26, t. 15 ; Asclepias volubilis, Linn. Suppl. 170 ; 
 Willd. sp. i, p 1279; " Hirun Doree," Maratha name. 
 
 18. CEROPEGIA, Linn. 
 
 1. JACQUEMONTIANA, DeCaisne in DC. Prod. 8, 641. Herba- 
 ceous, twining, hairy ; leaves ovate or ovate-lanceolate, subcordate 
 or rounded at the base, pubescent on both sides; peduncles hispid, 
 shorter than the leaf, several-flowered ; sepals linear-lanceolate ; 
 corolla club-shaped, base ventricose, greenish, of a lurid purple 
 beiovv, spotted above ; divisions oblong, broader upwards, smooth ; 
 follicles straight, smooth; root tuberous, about 2 inches long. Near 
 Vingorla ; near Karlee, Jacq. 
 
 2. JUNCEA, Roxb. Cor. i, p 12, t. 10. Twining, glabrous, 
 rather fleshy ; leaves small, sessile, lanceolate-acute ; peduncles 
 few-flowered, sepals subulate ; corolla club-shaped ; ventricose at 
 the base ; divisions ligulate-ciliated, connate ; follicles attenuated, 
 smooth. Kasersaye jungles, Lush. 
 
 3. VINC^FOLIA, Bot. Mag. t. 3740. Twining, pubescent; 
 leaves subcordate or broadly ovate-acuminate, shortly-petioled ; 
 peduncles with spreading hairs, few-flowered ; tube of corolla 
 ventricose at the base, white spotted ; divisions oblong erect, 
 connivent, ciliated, dark-purple. Near Bombay, Nimmo. Comes 
 near to the first species. 
 
 4. BULBOSA, Roxb. Cor. i, p 11, t. 1. Twining, glabrous, 
 fleshy ; lowest leaves nearly orbicular, uppermost ones ovate, 
 apiculate, almost veinless, smooth ; peduncles shorter than the leaf, 
 several-flowered ; corol tube subclavate, divisions ciliated, violet- 
 coloured within ; root bulbous. Wight Ic. 845 ; Roxb. Fl Ind. ii, 2H. 
 Malabar Hill, Island of Caranjah, &c. Hook. Bot. Misc. Suppl 
 Wight Ic. t. 845. 
 
 5. ACUMINATA, Roxb. Cor. i, p 12, t. 8. Twining, glabrous, 
 20 c 
 
154 
 
 fleshy ; leaves linear-lanceolate, attenuated at the apex ; peduncles 
 few-flowered ; corolla shaped as in the genus ; root bulbous ; leaves 
 2 to 4 inches long, 4 to 6 lines broad. About Dharwar, Law. 
 Roxb. Fl Ind. ii, 29. 
 
 6. LUSHII, Grah. in Bot. Mag. t. 3300. Twining, glabrous ; 
 leaves linear-acuminate, fleshy, channelled, glaucous ; base of the 
 corol-tube globose, inflated, greenish; divisions linear-ciliated, coher- 
 ing at the apex, violet-coloured within. Kasersaye jungles, Lush. 
 
 7. TUBEROSA, Roxb. Cor. i, p 12, t. 9. Twining, fleshy, glab- 
 rous ; lowest leaves almost orbicular, upper ovate, or ovate-oblong 
 cuspidate ; peduncles sometimes twin, few or many-flowered, as 
 long or longer than the leaves ; divisions of the corolla ligulate, 
 hairy, cohering at the apex ; follicles slender, round. The Concans, 
 Nimmo. Syn. C mucronata, Roth. nov. sp. p 179; C biflora, 
 Linn. ; C candelabrum, Roxb. Fl Ind. ii, 27 ; C longiflora, Poir. 
 Encycl. Suppl. ; Wight Ic. 353. 
 
 8. ANGUSTIFOLIA, Dalz. in Hook. Jour. Bot. ii, p 259. Herba- 
 ceous, erect, pubescent, 5 to 6 inches high ; root tuberous ; stem 
 round; leaves narrow-linear, lanceolate-acute, hairy on the margins 
 of the upperside, glabrous and pale beneath ; flowers outside of the 
 axils, solitary, ascending ; corolla slightly ventricose at the base ; 
 tube cylindrical, segments of the limb narrow-linear ; spathulate as 
 long as the tube ; flowers purple, with a green base. Rocky pastur- 
 age near the sea; district of Mai wan ; flowers in July. 
 
 9. OPHIOCEPHALA, Dalz. loc. cit. All hispid, twining ; leaves 
 broad-lanceolate, rounded or cordate at the base, acuminated at 
 the apex, hispid on both sides ; peduncles outside of the axils, longer 
 than petiole, hispid, 3 to 4-flowered ; sepals linear-subulate, spread- 
 ing ; corol tube ascending, ventricose at the base, dark-purple, 
 glabrous ; divisions of the limb one-third shorter, oblong-obtuse, 
 attenuated towards the apex, purple, yellow, and green ; follicles 
 linear, smooth, 4 to 5 inches long, spotted with purple. On Caran- 
 jah hill. 
 
 10. OCULATA, Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 4093. Stem herbaceous, 
 twining, glabrous ; leaves cordate ovate-acuminate, rather hairy, 
 ciliated, with glands at the base ; peduncles with spreading hairs, 
 4 to 6-flowered; tube of the corolla much inflated at the base, glo- 
 bose, broader than the limb ; segments of the limb oblong, erect, 
 connivent, ciliated, yellow below, with black spots, deep-green 
 above ; lobes of the outer staminal crown attenuated, emarginate, 
 of the inner narrow-linear, straight, entire. Bombay, whence the 
 plant figured was received. 
 
 11. C ATTENUATA, Hook. Ic. PI ix, 867. Erect; leaves linear, 
 long and slenderly attenuated ; younger ones slightly pilose ; pe- 
 duncle axillary, solitary, 1 -flowered; calyx lobes subulate, ciliated 
 
155 
 
 spreading ; corol-tube long, inflated at the base ; lobes of the limb 
 as long as the tube, slender, filiform. S. Concan, near Vingorla. 
 
 19. CARALLUMA, R. Br. 
 
 1. FIMBRIATA, Wall. PL As. rar. t. 8. Erect, fleshy, leafless; 
 stems quadrangular, toothed along the angles ; flowers at the top 
 of the branches solitary, or twin, or in threes, drooping, shortly- 
 pedicelled; divisions of the corolla fringed. Sparingly scattered 
 over theDeccan. Native name " Makur Sing." Anglice, Monkey's- 
 horn. Eaten as a vegetable ; flowers in June. 
 
 XCI. LOGANIACE.E. 
 
 1. MITREOLA, Linn. 
 
 1. OLDENLANDIOIDES, Wall, list No. 4350. A small, erect, 
 herbaceous plant ; stem somewhat quadrangular, glabrous; leaves 
 ovate or oblong-acute or obtuse, attenuated at the base ; cymes 
 dichotomous ; flowers subsessile on the branches, secund, small, 
 white ; capsule shaped like a mitre. Island of Caranjah. DC. 
 Prod. 9, p 9. 
 
 2. MITRASACME, Lab. 
 
 1. PUSILLA, Dalz. in Hook. Jour. Bot. ii, p 136. Stem 3 to 4 
 inches high, erect, glabrous, obtusely quadrangular ; leaves linear- 
 subulate acute, glabrous, veinless ; pedicels axillary, solitary or 
 twin, 2 to 3 times longer than the leaf; calyx 4-divided to the 
 middle ; lobes lanceolate-acute ; corolla white, segments oblong, 
 rather obtuse, shorter than the tube, throat hairy ; capsule globose, 
 a little shorter than the calyx. Malwan ; flowers in August and 
 September. This was afterwards named M indica by Wight Ic. 
 1601 ; its proper name should be M crystallina, Griffith in Notulse 
 iv, p 87. 
 
 3. STRYCIINOS, Linn. 
 
 1. S COLUBRINA, Linn(?) A, DC. Prod. 9, p 14 (?) Smooth, 
 scandent; cirrhi for the most part bifurcate ; leaves ovate or elliptic, 
 obtuse or scarcely acuminate ; cymes lax, axillary, and terminal ; 
 flowers generally of 5 parts ; tube of the corolla shorter than the 
 lobes. Syn. S bicirrhosa, Leschen. A, DC. Prod. 9, p 16; Rheed. 
 Hort. Mai. viii, t. 24. Chorla Ghaut ; Meria Donger, near Penn; 
 fruit size of an olive. W^e suspect that the S axillaris of Cole- 
 brooke is also a native of the Southern Ghauts, but our specimens 
 are insufficient to determine. 
 
 2. NUXVOMICA, Linn. sp. 271. A pretty large tree, no hooks 
 or tendrils ; leaves petioled-ovate, quite smooth ; corymbs terminal, 
 
156 
 
 greenish-white ; berry globose, of the same size and colour as an 
 orange ; seeds several, light-grey, silky, furnishes the powerful 
 poisonous principle Strychnine, so valuable in paralysis of the lower 
 extremities ; used also as a tonic in bowel-complaints. Native name 
 " Kajra." Extremely common throughout the Warree Country 
 and Corican southward. The wood is exceedingly bitter, particu- 
 larly that of the root, and is used in the cure of intermittent fevers. 
 3. POTATORUM, Linn. Fil. Suppl. 148. A tree; leaves very 
 shortly-petioled, elliptic-acute, glabrous, membranaceous ; corymbs 
 axillary, opposite, shorter than the leaf ; berry I -seeded; flowers 
 white, odorous ; berries black, half inch in diameter. Arawud 
 jungles, Dr. Gibson ; Southern Maratha Country, Law. The seeds 
 are used for clearing muddy-water, hence called Clearing-nuts. 
 
 XCIL GENTIANE.E. 
 
 1. OPHELIA, Don. 
 
 1. O MINOR, Griseb. in DC. Proff. 9, p 126. A small, erect, 
 herbaceous plant ; stem subterete, filiform, sparingly branched ; 
 branches erect, 1 to 3-flowered ; leaves short, cordate-ovate, or 
 ovate-glabrous, obscurely 3-nerved, cauline ones sessile, terminal 
 cyme lax, 3 to 5-flowered ; flowers of a beautiful blue, with a pale 
 spot at the base of each of the four segments. In springy, wet 
 ground on the highest Ghauts opposite Bombay ; flowers in July. 
 
 2. MULTIFLQRA, Dalz. in Hook. Jour. Bot. ii, p 135. Stem 
 quadrangular, 4-winged, ascending, densely-leafy ; leaves round- 
 ovate, stem-clasping, 5-nerved, mucronulate, glabrous, decussate ; 
 cymes many-flowered ; calyx divisions lanceolate-acuminate; corolla 
 white, 4-divided ; segments ovate-elliptic, their rounded pits sur- 
 rounded by long fringes; filaments united at the very base. Ma- 
 hableshwur. Syn. Swertia decussata, Nimmo in Grah. Cat. Bomb. 
 PL p 249. Forms an excellent substitute for Gentian. Sold in 
 the bazar at Marh as a bitter. 
 
 3. PAUCIFLORA, Dalz. loc. cit. iii, p 21 1 . Stem erect, 4-winged, 
 glabrous, branched towards the top ; leaves sessile, lanceolate-acu- 
 minate, 3 nerved ; cymes few-flowered ; calyx segments subulate, as 
 long as the corolla; corolla white, 4-divided, the segments obovate- 
 elliptic, their pits large, round, covered with a fringed scale, and 
 surrounded by a short fringe. The Ghauts ; flowers in September. 
 
 2. EXACUM, Linn. 
 
 1. BICOLOR, Roxb. Fl Ind. i, 397. Herbaceous, erect, two 
 feet high; stem quadrangular; leaves sessile, ovate lanceolate 
 acute, 5-nerved ; cyme terminal, contracted ; flowers large, white, 
 
157 
 
 tipped with blue. Salsette and the Concans ; pretty common in pas- 
 ture lands. Syn. E tetragonum, Roxb. Fl Ind. i, 398 ; Grisebach, 
 in DC. Prod. 9, 44, has made some mistake about this plant. He 
 says the flowers are not a quarter of an inch in size, although 
 Roxburgh describes them as large and beautiful. Sebsea carinata, 
 Grah. Cat. p 124. 
 
 '2. PUMILUM, Griseb. in DC. Prod. 9, 46. A small plant; stem 
 quadrangular; leaves sessile, oblong-lanceolate, rather obtuse, 3- 
 nerved ; segments of the calyx subulate, winged ; flowers small, 
 bluish-purple. Very common among grass during the rains. 
 Grisebach's specimens were from Bombay; he has made a slight 
 mistake in describing the calyx as wingless. 
 
 a. PETIOLARE, Griseb. in DC. Prod. 9, 46. Stem almost 
 simple, quadrangular ; leaves long-petioled, broadly ovate-obtuse, 
 5-nerved ; calyx segments acute, the wings semiovate; flowers 
 pedicelled, larger and paler than in the preceding. Island of 
 Cararijah, during the rains. DC.'s specimens were collected by 
 Baron Hug el. 
 
 3. ERYTHR,EA, Ren. 
 
 1. ROXBURGHII, Don. syst. Gard. iv, p 203. A small herba- 
 ceous plant ; stem erect, 4 to 5 inches high ; lowermost leaves rosulate 
 obovate, oblong-obtuse ; stem ones linear-acuminate ; cymes dicho- 
 tomous, spreading ; flowers of a beautiful pink, starlike. Common 
 in cultivated fields after the rains. Syn. Chironia centaureoides, 
 Roxb. Fl Ind. i, 584; Chironia brachiata, Willd. 
 
 4. HIPPION, Sprengel. 
 
 1. ORIENTALE. Stem ascending, simple 4-sided, leafy from the 
 base ; leaves opposite, subsessile, linear-lanceolate or oblong, 
 3 -nerved ; calyx with bracts ; the lobes obtuse, longer than the 
 capsule ; flowers small, white, sessile in the opposite axils. Gujarat, 
 common ; Concan, rare. Syn. Stevoglia orientalis, Grisebach in 
 DC. Prod. 9, p 60 ; Cicendia hyssopitblia, W. and A. in Hook. 
 Comp. Bot. Mag, 
 
 5. CANSCORA, Lam. 
 
 1. DECURRENS, Dalz. in Hook. Jour. Bot. ii, p 136. Stem 
 erect, broadly 4-vvinged ; branches opposite and alternate ; leaves 
 decurrent, lower ones oblong, attenuated towards the base, upper 
 ovate or lanceolate-acute ; calyx without wings, 3 lines long ; corolla 
 small, pale rose-coloured or white. In rice fields, Southern Concan ; 
 flowers in October and November, 
 
 2. PAUCIFLORA, Dalz. loc. cit. Stem erect, 4-winged, scarcely 
 branched ; leaves very small, lower ovate-obtuse, upper oblong- 
 
158 
 
 acute, all sessile, 3-nerved, rough on the margin alone ; panicle lax, 
 few-flowered ; flowers long-pedicelled, solitary ; pedicels 4-winged, 
 thickened upwards. Malwan, in grassy places ; flowers in Sep- 
 tember. 
 
 3. ALATA, Wall Cat. Stem 4-winged above, below simple and 
 tetragonal ; leaves ovate-oblong, rather acute ; floral ones orbicular 
 or slightly kidney-shaped ; central flowers sessile, sometimes none ; 
 calyx with a semiovate wing. Near Vingorla. 
 
 4. DIFFUSA, R. Br. Prod, p 451. Stem obsoletely winged; 
 very much branched ; leaves ovate-acute ; central flowers pedicelled, 
 sometimes wanting ; calyx wingless ; corolla pink or rosy. We have 
 failed to find any difference between C lawii (Wight Ic. 1327, 
 fig. 1,) and this species. Common in rocky parts of the Concan. 
 Syn. Pladera virgata, Roxb. Fl Ind. i, 417 ; Exacum diliusum, 
 Willd. 
 
 6. LIMN ANTHEM UM, Gmel. 
 
 1. CRISTATUM, Griseb. Gent, p 342. An aquatic plant ; leaves 
 cordate-orbicular, roughish above, glandular beneath; calyx seg- 
 ments ovate-lanceolate ; segments of the corolla waved-ciliated, 
 with a longitudinal crest within ; flowers white, cymose, inserted on 
 the petiole; capsule 1 to 2-seeded; seeds muricated. Tanks in 
 the Concan. Syn. Menyanthes cristata, Roxb. Cor. ii, p 3, t. 105 ; 
 Villarsia cristata, Spr. syst. i, p 582 ; Hook. Jour, i, p 123 ; 
 Menyanthes indica, Bory. 
 
 2. INDICUM, Griseb. Gent, p 343. Leaves cordate-orbicular, 
 membranaceous, roughish ; calyx segments ovate ; segments of the 
 corolla fringed on the margin, destitute of crest within ; flowers 
 white ; arising from the petiole ; capsule many-seeded ; seeds 
 muricated. Tanks in the Concans and Deccan ; flowers white, rather 
 smaller than in the preceding. Syn. Menyanthes indica, Linn, 
 sp. PI i, p 207 ; Villarsia indica, Vent. Choix. p 9. 
 
 3. AURANTIACUM^ Dalz. in Hook. Jour. Bot. ii, 136. Umbels 
 axillary ; leaves small, orbicular, deeply cordate, shining above, 
 glandular dotted and purple beneath ; corolla orange-coloured, half 
 inch long ; segments of the limb wedge-shaped, broadly and deeply 
 emarginate, fringed on the margin, bearded at the base ; seeds 
 lenticular, muricated; capsule ovate-obtuse, 1 2-seeded. Near 
 Malwan; flowers in September. 
 
 4. PARVIFOLIUM, Griseb. in DC. Pro/1. 9, p 141. A minute 
 plant; leaves cordate-orbicular, small (J inch) membranaceous; 
 petioles bearing the flowers, immediately below the leaf; capsule 
 many-seeded; seeds minute, rough. Very common in tanks, but 
 difficult to find, on account of its small size ; at Malwan, 
 Surat, &c. ^yn. Villarsia par vi folia, Wall. Cat. 4351. 
 
159 
 
 XCIII. OLEACE.E. 
 
 1. OLE A. 
 
 1. ROXBURGHIANA, Roem. and Schult. syst. Maut. i, p 77. A 
 small but handsome tree ; leaves oblong, attenuated at the base, 
 quite entire, glabrous, waved ; panicles axillary, and springing from 
 beneath the leaves, lax, many-flowered ; flowers white, appear in 
 the hot weather ; fruit small, purple. Common on the Ghauts. 
 Syn. O paniculata, Roxb. Fl Ind. i, p 105; O roxburghii, Spr. 
 syst. i, p 34. 
 
 2. DIOICA, Roxb. Fl Ind. i, p 106. A pretty large tree; leaves 
 oblong, acute at both ends, remotely and acutely serrated, 4 to 8 
 inches long, quite smooth ; panicles springing from below the 
 leaves, short and few-flowered ; drupe in size and colour like the 
 common Sloe. Khandalla, JVlahableshwur, Wag Donger, near 
 Vingorla ; flowers in July. The timber is excellent, and put to 
 various uses. INative name " Parrjamb," also " Karamba." 
 
 2. L1GUSTRUM, Tourn. 
 
 1. L NEILGHERRENSE, Wight Ic. 1243. Arboreous, glabrous ; 
 leaves ovate, elliptic-acute, or cuspidately-acuminate, coriaceous ; 
 thyrses of white fragrant flowers, on the ends of the branches lax ; 
 fruit black, linear-oblong, small. Syn. Phillyrea microphylla, 
 Graham's Cat. p 108. AU along the Ghauts, from Hurrychunder 
 to the Parvvar Ghaut below Goa. 
 
 3. LINOC1ERA, Swartz. 
 
 1. MALABARICA, Wall, list No. 2828. A small tree; leaves 
 elliptic-obtuse, attenuated towards the base, smooth on both sides ; 
 racemes axillary, much shorter than the leaf, few-flowered ; pedicels 
 bearing 1 to 3 sessile flowers at the top ; pedicels and calyx pube- 
 scent ; petals linear-channelled. Khandalla, Ram Ghaut, &c. The 
 flowers, which appear in November and December, have the fra- 
 grance of ripe apples, Law. 
 
 XCIV. BIGNONIACE^E. 
 1. BIGNONIA, DC. 
 
 1. B XYLOCARPA, Roxb. Fl Ind. iii, p 108. Arboreous, gla- 
 brous ; leaves bitripinnate ; petiole sharply-angular, leaflets petioled ; 
 ovate or oblong-acuminated, membranaceous, reticulately veined ; 
 panicle corymbose; branches dichotomous; calyx unequally 
 
160 
 
 5-toothed ; corolla campanulate, shortly-tubular ; lobes rounded ; 
 capsule round-linear, incurved, woody, tubercled ; flowers white, 
 fragrant. Native name " Kursing." Thul Ghaut; Jowar jungle, 
 near Nagotna ; Parr Ghaut, &c. ; the Dangs in Kandeish. Syn. 
 Tecoma xylocarpa, Don's syst. iv, p 225. An oily substance, 
 distilled from the wood, is powerful in cutaneous diseases. 
 
 2. SPATHODEA, Beauv. 
 
 1. S FALCATA, Wall. List No. 6517. A small tree; leaves 
 unequally pinnate, 2 to 3 pair, oval, rounded, entire, slightly hairy ; 
 racemes terminal, few-flowered ; calyx cylindrical, oblique; flowers 
 white, about 1 inch long, fragrant ; capsule linear, 1 foot long, 
 variously twisted. Near Nagotna villa ;e ; below Kandalla Ghaut ; 
 Duddi; Southern Maratha Country, Law. Syn. Bignonia spathacea, 
 Linn. Fil. Suppl. 283 ; S Rheedei, Spr. syst. ii, 835 ; S longiflora, 
 Pers. Ench. ii, 1 72. 
 
 2. S CRISPA, Wall. List. No. 6515. Arboreous; leaves un- 
 equally pinnate ; leaflets 1 to 3 pair ; branchlets and racemes 
 pubescent and velvetty ; leaflets oval-oblong, acuminated at both 
 ends, quite entire ; raceme terminal, few-flowered; corol tube slender 
 elongated ; lobes much curled and crisped ; flowers pure white, 
 fragrant; capsule pod-like, elongated, obtusely-acuminated, pendu- 
 lous. Duddi on the Gutpurba, Law. Syn. Bignonia crispa, 
 Buchanan in Roxb. Fl Ind. iii, 103 ; B atrovirens, Roth. nov. sp. 
 p 284 ; S atrovirens, Spr. syst. ii, 835. 
 
 3. HETEROPHRAGMA, DC. 
 
 1. H ROXBURGHII, DC. Prod. 9. A large timber tree; 
 branches round ; leaves opposite or tern, glabrous, simply pinnated, 
 4 to 5 pair ; leaflets ovate, acute, serrated ; panicle terminal, 
 tomentose, and velve'tty ; flowers whitish, with a pink margin ; 
 pod thick, linear, about a foot long and 2 inches broad, 4-celled ; 
 flowers in March and April. Very common on the Ghauts. JNative 
 name " Warus." Bignonia 4-locularis, Roxb. Cor. ii, t. 145; Spa- 
 thodea roxburghii, Spr. spst. ii, 825. The wood is serviceable 
 for planks. 
 
 2. CHELONIOIDES, DC. Prod. 9, p 210. A tree, glabrous; 
 branches round ; leaves unequally pinnated, 4 pair ; leaflets elliptic- 
 cuspidate, acuminate ; panicle terminal, lax, ultimate branchlets, 
 3-flowered ; calyx coriaceous, 2 to 3-lobed, or 5-toothed ; corolla 
 between campanulate and bilabiate, the lobes ciliated ; capsule 
 very long, roundish, glabrous. The Ghauts, common ; flowers 
 yellowish, fragrant, appear in May and June. Syn. Bignonia 
 
161 
 
 chelonoides, Linn. Fil. Suppl. 232 ; Willd sp. iii, p 304; Roxb. Fl 
 Ind. iii, p 106; " Padri," Rheed. Mai. vi, *. 26. Native name 
 " Padel." 
 
 2. SUAVEOLENS, DC. in Prod. 9, p 211. A tree; leaves 
 pinnate ; leaflets 2 to 4 pair, oval-acuminate, almost entire ; panicle 
 terminal, lax, somewhat brachiate ; calyx 5-toothed ; flowers dark- 
 purple, fragrant, appear in March and common in the April; capsule 
 pod-shaped, cylindric. Common in the Dandelly jungles, Dr. 
 Gibson. One tree grows in the Island of Caranj ah. Syn Bignonia 
 suaveolens, Roxb. Fl Ind. iii, p 104; Tecoma suaveolens, Don. 
 Gen. syst. iv, 224. Native name " Purul." 
 
 4. TECOMA, Juss. 
 
 1. UNDULATA, Don. Gen. syst. iv, p 223. A tree, glabrous; 
 leaves petioled, simple, linear-lanceolate obtuse, waved, entire ; 
 racemes terminating the lateral branchlets, few-flowered; calyx cam- 
 panulate, shortly and broadly 5-lobed ; corolla large, orange-yellow, 
 campanulate ; capsule long, slender, linear-compressed, smooth. 
 Western Kandeish ; Bunass River, Gujarat. One tree grows at 
 Dhoolia and another at Domus, both planted. Syn. Bignonia 
 undulata, Roxb. Fl Ind. iii, 101 ; Smith Exot. Bot i, i. 19. 
 
 5. CALOSANTHES, Blume. 
 
 1 . INDICA, Blume. Bijdr. 760. A tree ; leaves opposite, pinnate, 
 leaflets on the branches of the petiole 2 to 3 pair, petioletted, sub- 
 cordate, ovate-acuminated ; panicle terminal, erect ; flowers fleshy, 
 of a dark, lurid appearance, fetid, appear in the rains ; pod 2 feet 
 long, 3 inches broad, straight and flat. Salsette jungles, and 
 throughout the Concan and Ghauts. Syn. Bignonia indica, Var. 
 and Linn. sp. 871 ; Lam. Diet, i, 428; B indica, Willd. sp. iii, 
 306; Roxb. Fl Ind. iii, 110; B pentandra, Lour. Coch. ii, 460 ; 
 Spathodea indica, Pers. Ench. ii, 173 ; Rheed. Mai. i, p 77, t. 43 ; 
 Ham. Tr. Linn. Soc. viii, p 514. 
 
 XCV. SESAMES. 
 1. SESAMUM, Linn. 
 
 1. S INDIOUM, DC. PI Rar. Gard. Gen. p 18, t. 5. An annual 
 plant; leaves opposite, or upper ones alternate, ovate-oblong or 
 lanceolate, the lower ones often 3-lobed, or 3-divided ; flowers 
 solitary in the axils, rose-coloured, handsome, but of offensive 
 odour ; capsule velvetty and pubescent, mucronate. From the seeds 
 of this plant, which is only to be seen cultivated, is obtained the 
 oil called " Jinjelly." This plant is nowhere found wild. 
 21 c 
 
162 
 
 2. PEDALIUM, Royen. 
 
 1. P MUREX, Linn. sp. 892. A low annual succulent herb ; 
 leaves petioled, oval, inciso-dentate, obtuse, a little cuneate at the 
 base ; pedicels axillary, 1 -flowered, shorter than the petiole, 
 without bracts ; flowers yellow; fruit corky, with 4 conical spines, 
 from the base. The fruit is sold in the bazars under the name of 
 Gokroo ; it is mucilaginous, and the leaves infused in water render 
 it mucilaginous. On the sandy shores of Katty\\ar, and Deccan. 
 
 XCVI. CONVOLVULACE^l. 
 
 1. E VOLVULUS, Linn. 
 
 1. HIRSUTUS, Lam. Encycl. iii, 538. A very small herbaceous 
 plant, cespitose procumbent, covered with adpressed hairs ; leaves 
 ovate-oblong, subsessile, less than half an inch long ; peduncles 
 1-flowered, as long as the leaf or longer; flowers of'a beautiful 
 deep blue, very small. Common everywhere in grassy places. 
 
 2. CRESSA, Linn. 
 
 1. CRETICA, Linn. sp. 325. A very small, shrubby, diffuse 
 plant; leaves ovate-sessile, very small, acute, numerous, ashy or 
 hoary pubescent ; flowers small, white or pink, subsessile, in the 
 superior axils, forming a many-flowered head. Very common in 
 cultivated fields in the cold weather. Sibth. Fl Grae. t. 2o6 ; 
 Syn. C humifusa, Lam. Encycl. ; Quamoclit minima, Tournef. ; 
 G indica, Retz. Obs. iv, p 24 ; C australis, Br. Prod. Fl nov. 
 Holl., &c. &c. 
 
 3. BREWERIA, R. Br. 
 
 1. ROXBURGHII, Chois. DC. Prod. 9, p 438. Stem twining, 
 branched ; branchlets rusty-coloured ; leaves ovate-cordate, sub- 
 acuminate, long- petioled, ferruginous; peduncles 3, many-flowered, 
 scarcely so long as the petiole; flowers white, pretty large. Near 
 Vingorla ; flowers in October and November. Syn. Convolvulus 
 semidigynus, Roxb. Fl Ind. ii, p 47, ed. Wall; Wight. Ic. 
 
 4. PORANA, Burm. 
 
 1. RACEMOSA, Roxb. Fl Ind. i, p 566. Herbaceous, climbing 
 to a great height ; leaves cordate, acuminate, glabrous or pube- 
 scent, long-petioled ; panicles racemose, leafy, few-flowered ; calyx 
 increasing with the fruit, becoming scariose ; corol white, tubular, 
 small. Mahableshwur and the higher Ghauts; common. Native 
 
163 
 
 name " Bhowree." Syn. P dichotoma, Ham. ex. Don. Fl. Nep. 
 99 ; P cordifolia, Ledeb. Dinetus racemosus ; Sev. Br. Fl 
 Gard. 127. 
 
 5. PALM I A, Endl. 
 
 1. BICOLOI?, Endl. Gen. Stem twining, hairy; leaves ovate- 
 cordate, entire, or with waved angles ; peduncles most frequently 
 1 -flowered, longer than the leaves ; bracts on the peduncle ovate- 
 lanceolate, leafy, acute, pubescent ; corolla less than an inch, yellow 
 and purple; capsules hairy, one-celled. The Concans, near Penn. 
 Syn. Convolvulus bicolor, Vahl. Synib. iii, p 25 ; Bot Mag. 2205; 
 Ipomaea bicolor, Sw. H. Suburb. 2, p 289 ; C sublobatus, Linn. 
 Supp. 135; C involucratus, Bot. Reg. 318; Hewittia bicolor, 
 Stendel. ; C bracteatus, Vahl. ; Thutereia bicolor, Chois. DC. 
 Prod. 9, 435. 
 
 6. ANISEIA, Chois. 
 
 1. CALYCINA, Chois. DC. Prod. 4, p 429. Stem twining, 
 hairy ; leaves oblong, cordate-acuminate, glabrous-petioled ; pe- 
 duncles shorter than the petioles, 1 to 3-flowered ; exterior sepals 
 sagittate ; corolla tubular, white ; capsule pointed ; seeds silky. 
 Surat and Broach. Syn. Convolvulus calycinus, Koxb. Fl Ind; 
 C hardwickii, Spr. xyst. iv, p 60; Ipomaea cardiosepala, Hochst. 
 in Un. itiner. No. 207 and 384. 
 
 2. UNIFLORA, Chois loc. cit. p 431. Stems prostrate ; leaves 
 oblong-linear, very shortly petioled, mucronate, glabrous, 1 to 2 
 inches long ; corolla white, hairy on the outside ; capsule silky 
 within. Southern Concan. Syn. Convolvulus uniflorus, Desv. 
 Encycl. 3, p 544; Burm. Ind. 47, t. i, /'. 2 ; C emarginatus, Vahl. 
 Symb, ; C rheedei, Wall. Fl Ind. ii, p 70 ; Wight lllust. t. 8 ; 
 Ipomsea uniflora, Rcem. and Schult. 
 
 7. CONVOLVULUS, Linn. 
 
 1. ARVENSIS, Linn, sp 218. Stem slender, prostrate or 
 twining, striated, angled ; leaves narrow-sagittate, subauricled ; 
 peduncles 1 to 2-flowered, with 2 small bracts ; sepals ovate-obtuse ; 
 corolla rosy ; capsule smooth. Very common in the black soil of 
 Gujarat, also in the Deccan; flowers in the cold weather. Syn. 
 C chinensis, Kew. Bot. Reg. t. 322 ; C malcolmi, Roxb. Fl Ind. 474. 
 
 2. PARVIFLORUS, Vahl. Symb. iii, p 29. Stems weak, twining, 
 pubescent; leaves cordate, ovate-acute, ulabrous-petioled ; peduncles 
 longer than the petioles ; flowers white, umbelled, numerous, small, 
 appear in October. Island of Caranjah ; Surat, &c. Syn. Ipomgea 
 paniculata, Burm. Ind. p 50, t. 21, /'. 3; Ip. parviflora, Pers. Ip.. 
 timorensis, Blum. Bijdr ; C mullivalvis, Br. Prod. 
 
164 
 
 3. MICROPHYLLTTS, Luber. inDC. Prod. 9. Stems prostrate, 
 elongated, hirsute; leaves lanceolate, attenuated at the base into a 
 very short petiole, half an inch to 1 inch long ; flowers axillary, 
 sometimes solitary, sometimes in twos or threes on the rudiment of a 
 branch, rotate, white or pale-pink ; capsule globose, smooth ; seeds 
 smooth. Very common in Gujarat, also in Sind, Egypt, and 
 Arabia. 
 
 4. C ROTTLERIANUS, Chois. DC. Prod. 9, p 403. Erect, her- 
 baceous, scarcely branched, slender ; leaves linear-acute, subsessile, 
 1 to 2 inches long ; peduncles 2-flowered, very slender, longer than 
 the leaves ; calyx leaves broad-ovate, with a long acumen, hairy ; 
 flowers small, starlike, pink ; corolla twice as long as the calyx ; 
 capsule round, smooth, size of a small pea. In' Kattywar and 
 Deccan, sparingly ; flowers in October. 
 
 8. CALONYCTION, Chois. 
 
 1. SPECIOSUM, Chois DC. Prod. 9, p 345. Stem sometimes 
 prickly, climbing to a great height ; leaves large, quite smooth, cor- 
 date-petioled, pointed ; peduncles very long, ] to 5-flowered ; flowers 
 very large, pure white, opening at sunset. A very variable plant ; 
 in hedges. Syn. Ipoma3a bonanox, Linn. sp. 228 ; Bot. Mag. t. 
 752 ; Ip. grandiflora, Roxb. Fl Ind. ; Ip. longiflora, Willd. ; Ip. 
 latiflora, Bot Reg,, note 917; Ip. roxburghii, Steudel ; C rox- 
 burghii, Don. ; Convolvulus muricatus, Linn. ; C muricatum, Don. 
 Native name " Goolchandnee." 
 
 9. IPOMjEA, Linn. 
 
 1. REPTANS, Poir. Encycl. Suppl. iii, p 460. Stems creeping 
 and rooting, fistulous, smooth ; leaves sagittate, lanceolate ; petioles 
 glabrous; peduncles 1 to 5-flowered, nearly as long as the petioles ; 
 sepals ovate, glabrous ; corolla tubulose, campanulate, of a pretty 
 rose-colour. In tanks ; very common in Gujarat, where it is used 
 as a pot-herb by poorer natives. 
 
 2. PESCAPRJE, Sw. Hort. Sub. p 289. Stems creeping to a 
 great length ; leaves subrotund, bilobed, parallel-veined, rather 
 fleshy ; peduncles, 1 to many-flowered, a little longer than the 
 petiole ; sepals ovate-lanceolate ; corolla rosy or purple. Common 
 on sandy beaches, where it serves to bind the sand. Syn. C 
 pescapraj, Linn. sp. 226; Convolvulus brasilianus, Linn.; C 
 marinus, Rumph. Amb. v, 433 ; C bilobatus, Roxb. Fl Ind. ; C 
 bauhinrefolius, Sal. ; C carnosus, Spr. syst., &c. &c. 
 
 3. RENIFORMIS, Chois. DC. Prod. 9, p 35 1 . Stem creeping and 
 rooting ; leaves kidney-shaped, waved, and dentate on the margin, 
 obtuse ; petioles hairy ; peduncles very short, 1 to 2 -flowered ; 
 
165 
 
 corolla small, yellow. Common in places where water has lodged ; 
 flowers in the cold weather. Syn. Convolvulus reniformis, Roxb. 
 Fl Ind. ii, p 67 ; C gangeticus, Linn. ; Evolvulus emarginatus, 
 Burm. Ind. t. 30, jf. 1 ; E gangeticus, Linn. sp. 391. Found both 
 in the Concan and Deccan, and often overlooked. 
 
 4. TRIDENTATA, Roth. Cat. ii, p 19. Herbaceous, annual; 
 stem filiform, angular ; leaves sessile, oblong-linear, truncate at 
 the apex, often 3-toothed, auricled and toothed at the base, scarcely 
 an inch long, smooth ; peduncles 1 -flowered, longer than the leaf; 
 sepals ovate, awned ; corolla pale-yellow. Near Bassein and 
 Chore Bunder. Syn. Convolvulus tridentatus, Linn. sp. p 157; 
 C viscidus, Roxb. Cat. 14; Evolvulus tridentatus, Linn. sp. 
 392. 
 
 5. FILICAULIS, Blum. Bijdr. p 721. Stem elongated, rarely 
 twining, filiform, angular; leaves linear or linear-lanceolate, shortly- 
 petioled, hastate and denticulate at the base, quite smooth ; pe- 
 duncles longer than the leaf, 1 to 2-flowered; pedicels clavate; sepals 
 ovate-acuminate; corolla small, pale-yellow. Common in the Con- 
 cans and Deccan also. Syn. Convolvulus filicaulis, Vahl. Symb. 
 iii, p 24 ; C hastatus, Desv. ; C simplex, Pers., &c. &c. 
 
 6. CAMPANULATA, Linn. sp. 228. A large, climbing plant ; 
 stem striated, glabrous ; leaves large, cordate-acute, glabrous, 
 veined with red beneath, long-petioled ; peduncles many-flowered, 
 as long as the petioles; sepals ovate-rounded, glabrous; corolla 
 large, pale-rosy, deeper coloured at the base ; seeds silky. Hilly 
 parts of the Concan ; Warree, common. A very handsome species. 
 Syn. Convolvulus campanulatus, Spr. syst. i, 607. 
 
 7. TURPETHUM, Br. Prod. 485. Stems angular; leaves 
 cordate, sometimes entire, sometimes sinuate-angled or crenated, 
 pubescent and velvetty on both sides ; peduncles thick, 1 to 4- 
 flowered; bracts ovate-lanceolate, velvetty, deciduous; exterior 
 sepals large; flowers white; seeds smooth; root thick, pur- 
 gative. Gujarat, very common ; Deccan. Bot. Mag. 2093; Syn. 
 Convolvulus turpethum, Linn. 
 
 8. VITIFOLIA, Sw. Hort. Suburb, p 289. Stem round, hairy 
 or pubescent ; leaves cordate, palmately pentafid ; lobes unequal, 
 irregularly crenate and dentate ; peduncles many-flowered ; flowers 
 large, handsome, yellow ; appear in the cold weather. In a jungle 
 near Roha, plentiful ; hilly parts of the Concan generally. 
 
 9. PESTIGRIDIS, Linn. sp. 230. Stems round, hairy ; leaves 
 palmately 5 to 7-lobed ; lobes ovate-acute, silky and hairy ; pe- 
 duncles many-flowered, as long as the leaf; heads of flowers sur- 
 rounded by 6 to 8 ovate-linear hairy bracts ; corolla white, hairy. 
 Very common in hedges. Syn. Convolvulus pestrigidis, Spr. ; C 
 begoiiieefolius, Sal. 
 
166 
 
 10. PILOSA, Sw. Hort. Sub. p 289. Stems hairy, herbaceous ; 
 leaves broadly-cordate, entire or slightly 3-lobed, the middle lobe 
 acuminate, 2 to 6 inches long, long-petioled ; peduncles longer 
 than the petioles; flowers many, cyiuose; sepals linear, hairy; 
 corolla tubular, white; capsules glabrous ; seeds villous. A common 
 weed. Syn. Convolvulus pilosus, Roxb. Fl Ind. ii, 55. 
 
 11. PILEATA, Koxb. Fl Ind. ii, p 94. Stem slender, villous; 
 leaves cordate-acuminate, petioled, glabrous; peduncles shorter than 
 the petiole ; flowers 3 to 6, sessile, in a boat-shaped perfoliate 
 involucre ; bracts obovate, hirsute ; corolla tubular campanulate ; 
 capsule glabrous. Jungles in the Southern Concan; rare. Syn. 
 Convolvulus pileatus, Spr. syst. iv. p 6 1 . 
 
 12. SESSILIFLORA, Roth nov. sp. 117. Stem herbaceous, 
 covered with hairs pointing downwards ; leaves cordate ovate- 
 lanceolate or sagittate; flowers axillary, 1 to 12, subsessile or very 
 shortly-pedicelled ; sepals acuminate subulate, hairy; corolla scarcely 
 longer than the calyx ; capsule hairy ; seeds glabrous. Fort o-f 
 Severndroog. Syn. Ipomaea spheerocephala, Sw. Hort. Sub. ; Con- 
 volvulus sessiliflorus, Spr. sysl. ; C hispidus, Vahl. Symb. iii, p 29 ; 
 C sphserocephalus, Roxb. Fl Ind. ; Wight Ic. t. 169. 
 
 13. OBSCURA, Bot, Reg. 239. Stem herbaceous, elongated; 
 leaves cordate-acuminate, glabrous or puberulous, acute, reticulated 
 beneath, long-petioled ; peduncles longer than the petioles, 1 to 3- 
 flowered ; pedicels thick, articulated; sepals oblong-ovate, glabrous 
 or puberulous ; flowers yellow ; base of tube purple ; capsule glabrous. 
 Common about Bombay; the Deccan. Syn. Convolvulus obscurus, 
 Linn. sp. 220; C gemellus, Vahl. Symb. hi, p 27; Ipomeea 
 solanifolia, Burm. Ind. p 49. 
 
 14. SEPIARIA, Keen, in Roxb. and Wall. Fl Ind. ii, p 90. 
 Twining; leaves cordate-oblong; peduncles many-flowered; heads 
 of flowers dense ; sepals oblong, ovate-acute or obtuse ; corolla 
 pinkish, tubular, funnel-shaped. Common in every hedge. Syn. 
 Convolvulus maximus, Vahl. Symb. ; C striatus, Vahl. Symb. ; 
 Ipomaea striata, Roth nov. sp. iii. 
 
 15. CHRYSIJIDES, Bot. Reg. 270. Stems twisted, glabrous; 
 leaves oblong-cordate, subhastate, entire or oftener angled, some- 
 times 3-lobed, acuminate, glabrous, 1 to 2 inches long; petioles long, 
 muricated and warty at the base ; peduncles rigid, longer than the 
 petioles, 2 to 7-flowered, dichotomous, a solitary flower in the forks ; 
 sepals ovate retuse-mucronate ; corolla very small, yellow, bell- 
 shaped, five lines in diameter ; capsule depressed, wrinkled, glabrous, 
 4-angled. Muneree, in the Warree Country ; rare. The flowers 
 open at 9 A.M. 
 
 16. COPTICA, Roth nov. sp. p 110. Herbaceous, procumbent ; 
 leaves palmate or pedate, lower lobes shorter, bifid, all serrated, 
 
167 
 
 glabrous; petioles compressed ; peduncles longer than the petiole, 
 ] to 2-flowered ; sepals wrinkled, muricated, ovate-oblong, glabrous, 
 mucronulate, two lines long ; corolla white ; tubular, shortly o-lobed ; 
 capsule glabrous. The open glades about Khandalla, creeping 
 amongst the grass. Grah. Cat. p 132; Convolvulus copticus, Linn. 
 Maut. 669; Koxb. Fl Ind. i, p 477. 
 
 17. RHYNCORHIZA, Dalz. in Hook. Jour. Bot. iii, 179. Root 
 an ovoid compressed beaked tuber ; stem filiform, climbing, 
 glabrous; leaves long-petioled, palmately divided into 7 lobes; 
 lobes unequally pinnatitid, acuminate ; peduncles axillary, solitary, 
 filiform, 1 to '2-flowered, longer than the leaf; flowers middle-sized, 
 yellow. Near Tulkut Ghaut ; flowers in August and September. 
 
 10. BATATAS. 
 
 1. PANICULATA, Chois. DC. Prod. 9, p 339. Hoot tuberous; 
 stems thick, twining, glabrous ; leaves large, palmately 5 to 7- 
 lobed ; lobes ovate-lanceolate; peduncles much longer than the 
 petioles, many-flowered, dichotomous; sepals ovate, rounded-con- 
 cave, very obtuse ; corolla purple, handsome, narrowed at the base ; 
 seeds with long hairs. A very common but handsome plant; 
 flowers in the rains. Syn. Convolvulus paniculatus, Linn. sp. 223 ; 
 C insignis, Spr. syst. i, 592 ; C roseus, Kunth. ; Ipomaeapaniculata, 
 Br. Prod. 486 ; Bot. Reg. t. 62 ; Ip gossypiifolia, Willd. ; lp insignis, 
 Bot. Mag. 1790. 
 
 2. PENTAPHYLLA, Chois. DC. Prod. 9, 339. Stems twining, 
 hirsute ; leaves digitate ; leaflets 5, elliptic-lanceolate, entire ; 
 peduncles as long as the petioles, hirsute, 1 to 3-flowered ; sepals 
 very hairy, lanceolate-acute ; corolla a little longer than the calyx, 
 white ; capsule and seeds smooth. A common weed. Syn. Con- 
 volvulus pentaphyllus, Linn. sp. 223 ; C hirsutus, Roxb. Fl Ind. i, 
 479 ; C munitus, Wight Illust. t. 7 ; C nemorosus, Rcem. and 
 Schult. iv, 303. 
 
 11. PHAUBITIS. 
 
 1. LACINIATA, Dalz. in Hook. Jour. Bot. iii, 1 78. Root fibrous ; 
 Stem filiform, creeping or twining, angular-twisted ; leaves shortly- 
 petioled, divided into 7 lobes; lobes very narrow-linear, between 
 serrated and pinnatifid, the teeth unequal mucronate ; peduncles 
 axillary, solitary, angular-clavate, 1 to 3-flowered, shorter than the 
 leaf; corolla white, with a long, slender tube, purple within; calyx 
 leaflets oblong-mucronate, thick, fleshy, 3-ribbed, wrinkled ; capsule 
 3-celled; cells 2-seeded ; seeds silky. In the district of Malwan; 
 flowers in August ; unfolds its flowers only at sunset. 
 
1G8 
 
 12. RIVEA. 
 
 1. HYPOCRATERIFORMIS, Chois. DC. Prod. 9, 326. Stems 
 twining, pubescent ; leaves rounded-obtuse, cordate, covered on the 
 underside with white hairs; peduncles 1 -flowered, sometimes axillary, 
 solitary ; sometimes disposed like a spike at the apex of the 
 branchlets; sepals ovate-obtuse, unequal, hairy outside; corolla 
 with a very narrow tube. Bombay and the Concans. Syn. Con- 
 volvulus hypocrateriformis, Desv. Encycl. iii, 561 ; C caudicans, 
 Rcem. and Schult. iv, 302 ; Lettsomia uniflora, Roxb. Fl Ind. i, 495. 
 
 2. BONANOX, Chois. loc. cit. Twining ; leaves rounded-cordate, 
 emarginate, sometimes hairy ; peduncles shorter than the petiole, 
 commonly 3-flowered ; sepals ovate, cordate-obtuse; corolla large, 
 pure white, expanding at sunset, perfuming the air with the scent 
 of cloves. Roxb. and Grah. Cat. p 127. To me the fragrance is 
 that of Honeysuckle. Syn. R fragrans, Nimmo ; Lettsomia bona- 
 nox, Roxb. Fl Ind. i, 494; Argyreia bonanox, Sw. 
 
 3. R ORNATA, Chois. Conv. p 27, t. 3. Stem erect, whitish; 
 leaves large, orbicular, cordate or kidney-shaped, smooth above, 
 whitish and tomentose beneath ; peduncles elongated, between 
 spiked and panicled, or umbellate ; sepals ovate-lanceolate, villous ; 
 tube of white corolla slender, with a flat, spreading limb. The 
 high Ghauts west of Jooneer. 
 
 13. ARGYREIA, Lour. 
 
 1. SPECIOSA, Sw. Hort. Sub. p 289. A very large climber; 
 stem tomentose ; leaves very large, cordate-acute, smooth or nearly 
 so above, covered with white, silky hairs beneath ; peduncles as 
 long as the petioles ; flowers somewhat umbellate or capitate ; 
 sepals ovate, very obtuse, tomentose ; corolla 2 inches long, some- 
 what cylindric, pale rose-coloured ; fruit berried, 4-celled ; cells 
 1 -seeded. This does not agree with the genus as given by Chois. 
 as the fruit is 4-celled, as in Rivea. Bombay and the Deccan, 
 called " Elephant Creeper." Syn. Convolvulus nervosus, Burm. 
 Ind. 48, t. 20; C speciosus, Linn. Suppl. 137; Ipomaa speciosa, 
 Pers. syn. Lettsomia nervosa, Roxb. Fl Ind. i, 488. " Sumoodr. 
 Shok," Mark. 
 
 2. SETOSA, Chois. DC. Prod. 9, 332. Covered with close- 
 pressed hairs ; leaves cordate-ovate, or rounded-acuminate, smooth 
 above, strigose beneath ; peduncles longer than the petioles, rigid ; 
 flowers numerous, corymbose ; bracts reniform, orbiculate-obtuse ; 
 sepals of the same shape ; corolla 1 k inch long, tubular, rather 
 hairy, whitish. Near Viziadroog; Surat, Law. Syn. Ipomaea 
 strigosa, Roth. nov. sp. p. 113; Lettsomia setosa, Roxb. Fl Ind. 
 i, 490 ; Convolvulus strigosus, Spr. syst. i, 600 ; fruit 2-celled. 
 
169 
 
 3. CUNEATA, Bot. Reg. 66 1 . An erect-growing shrub, glabrous ; 
 leaves obovate-cuneate, emarginate, glabrous above, hairy be- 
 neath, scarcely petioled ; peduncles shorter than the leaf, 3 to 6- 
 flowered ; bracts minute, linear ; sepals ovate-obtuse ; corolla tubular, 
 an inch long:, deep purple. Common in the Mawul districts and 
 Deccan; fruit 4-celled, according to Wight. Syn. Convolvulus 
 cuneatus, Willd. sp. i, 873; Lettsomia cuneata, Roxb. Fl Ind. i, 
 p 491 ; Ipomuea atrosanguinea, Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 2170. 
 
 4. ELLIPTICA, Chois. DC. Prod. 9, 330. Climbing ; leaves 
 ovate or obovate-elliptic ; villous, peduncles very long, bearing at the 
 apex a corymbose panicle of flowers ; sepals very obtuse, hairy 
 outside, corolla an inch long, rose-coloured ; fruit a berry, size of 
 a large pea, orange-coloured, 2-celled. On the Ghauts, common. 
 Native name " Bond wail." Syn. Convolvulus laurifolius, Roxb. 
 Fl Ind. i, 470. 
 
 1. MALABARICA, Chois. DC. Prod. 9 331. Stem pubescent ; 
 leaves cordate, rounded-acute, glabrous, or slightly hairy ; peduncles 
 as long as, or longer than, the petiole, many-flowered at the apex ; 
 sepals lanceolate-acute, hoary, the margins revolute; corolla white 
 or cream-coloured, the bottom deep-purple. The Ghauts, common. 
 Syn. Convolvulus malabaricus, Linn. sp. 221 ; Ipomaea malabarica, 
 Room, and Schult ; Rheed. Mai. xi, .51. 
 
 2. AGGREGATA, Chois, DC. Prod. 4, 333. Hoary, tomentose ; 
 leaves ovate-cordate, smooth above, hoary beneath, very obtuse ; 
 peduncles longer than the petioles ; flowers numerous, capitate ; 
 bracts ovate-orbiculate, hoary, obtuse ; sepals ovate-obtuse; corolla 
 small, 8 lines long, Southern Maratha Country, Law. Syn. Lettso- 
 mia aggregata, Roxb. Fl Ind. i, 488 ; Iponraea imbricata, Roth nov. 
 sp. p. 112; Convolvulus imbricatus, Spr. 
 
 3. A SERICEA, Dalz. Twining, tomentose; leaves ample, 
 broad, cordate-acuminate, hispid on the upper surface, white and 
 silky, with adpressed pubescence beneath ; petiole 2 inches long ; 
 peduncles axillary, simple, bearing a head of 6 to 8 flowers, enve- 
 loped in large, foliaceous, linear-oblong bracts; calyx and outer 
 surface of corolla with long, white hairs ; flowers large, pink ; ovary 
 4-celled ; berry small, orange-coloured. Southern Concan, com- 
 mon ; also on the high hills west of Joonere ; flowers in September. 
 This comes near to A argentea, which has the flowers in a kind of 
 loose umbel, while in this they are in a dense head. No. 985 of 
 Graham's Catalogue. 
 
 14. ERYCIBE, Roxb. 
 
 1. PANICULATA, Roxb. Fl Ind. i, 585. A large, climbing 
 shrub, covered with tawny tomentum ; leaves elliptic-acute at the 
 base, abruptly acuminated at the apex, smooth j panicles terminal 
 
 22 c 
 
170 
 
 and axillary, longer than the leaf; flowers in clusters along the 
 rachis, yellow ; berry oblong, black, size of a small cherry. 
 Jungly parts of the Concan ; flowers in April. Syn. Eriinatalia 
 rheedei, Rcem. and Schul. syst. v, 331 ; Cotonia glauca, Vahl. 
 Roxb. Cor.*. 159. 
 
 2. WIGHTIANA, Grab. Cat. p 137. A climbing shrub, with 
 rigid stems ; leaves petioled, coriaceous, shining, oblong- acuminate, 
 attenuated at the base ; racemes about the length of the leaves ; 
 corolla almost rotate, white; divisions cuneate, bilobed, their lower 
 part clothed outside with rusty tomentum, very fragrant; calyx 
 segments rounded, clothed with rusty hairs; stigma large, con- 
 volute ; leaves 4 inches long, H to 2 broad ; flowers in November. 
 Phoonda Ghaut. 
 
 XCVII. HYDROPHYLLACEJE. 
 1. HYDROLEA, Linn. 
 
 1. ZEYLANICA, Willd. i, 1327. Herbaceous, annual, creeping; 
 stems round, smooth ; leaves alternate, lanceolate, entire, smooth ; 
 flowers numerous, about the extremities of the branchlets, or solitary, 
 opposite to the leaves or between them, of beautiful deep-blue ; 
 capsules superior, 2-celled. Common on the margin of tanks and 
 other wet places ; flowers in the cold season. Syn. Nama zeylanica, 
 Linn. sp. PI 327 ; llheed. Mai. x, t. 28. May be safely used as a 
 bitter tonic. 
 
 XCVIII. EHRETIACE^E. 
 
 1. EHRETIA, Linn. 
 
 1. LJBVIS, Roxb. Fl. Ind. i, 597. A tree; leaves shortly- 
 petioled, ovate or oval-entire, glabrous ; corymbs lateral or sub- 
 axillary, dichotomous, many-spiked ; pedicels and calyx rather hairy ; 
 corolla subrotate ; flowers small, white; fruit berried, dividing into 
 4. Near Malwan, south-east of Surat, Law; Beemasunker ; 
 flowers in October. Syn. E punctata, Roth. nov. sp. p 126; 
 Bewneria kevis, Don. 
 
 2. RHABDIA, Mart. 
 
 1 . VIMINEA, Dalz. A much-branched shrub ; branches twiggy; 
 leaves obovate-cuneate, small, smooth ; flowers axillary, few, corym- 
 bifbrm, corolla campanulate ; flowers small, pink; berries size 
 of a small pea, orange-red when ripe. In the beds of the Concan 
 rivers, pretty common. Syn. Ehretia cuneata, Wight Ic. t. 1385. 
 
171 
 
 3. COLDENIA, Linn. 
 
 1. PROCUMBENS, Linn. sp. 182. Herbaceous; stems procum- 
 bent, hirsute ; leaves shortly-petioled, obpvate, plicate, coarsely- 
 toothed, with ad pressed hairs above, hirsute beneath ; flowers 
 axillary, solitary, sessile, white ; nuts rugose, rough. Common in 
 rice-fields, in the cold weather. 
 
 4. HEL10TROPIUM, Tourn. 
 
 1. ROTTLERI, Lehm. Asp. p 66. Shrubby; stems short, divid- 
 ing into many horizontal prostrate branches ; branchlets and 
 leaves strigose ; leaves subsessile, ovate lanceolate-acutish ; spikes 
 lateral, I to 2 inches long; flowers subsessile, secund, the under- 
 side of the rachis bearing the bract ; bracts ovate, strigose ; calyx 
 lobes ovate-acute, a little shorter than the corol tube ; corolla hairy 
 externally, throat closed with hairs; fruit strigose, globose. At 
 Domus. 
 
 2. SUPINTJM, Linn. sp. 187; B Malabaricum, Benth. in Royle. 
 Illustr. 306. Herbaceous ; stems ascending ; leaves oval, obtuse, 
 plicate, hoary, and tomentose on both sides ; spikes mostly solitary ; 
 calyx 5-toothed, shut, very hirsute ; corol scarcely longer than the 
 calyx, white. Common in rice-fields, in the cold weather. Lyn. 
 II malabaricum, l\etz. Obs. iv, p 24 ; Piptoclaina malabarica, Don. 
 Gon. st/st. iv, 364. 
 
 3. COROMANDELIANUM, Lehm. Asp. 46, and obovatum. Her- 
 baceous, pubescent, erect ; leaves obovate obtuse mucronate, clothed 
 with soft, white hairs ; spikes terminal, generally paired; flowers 
 numerous, small, white, placed in a waved row on the upperside of 
 the spikes. Beemasunker. 
 
 4. MARIFOLIUM, Retz. Obs. 2, p 8. Suffruticose ; stems pro- 
 cumbent, diffuse, much-branched ; leaves and calyx strigose; leaves 
 linear-lanceolate, acute, revolute on the margin, racemes subspicate, 
 solitary, alternate, the uppermost ones twin ; flowers minute, white, 
 with yellow eye ; nuts densely-his r id. At Vingorla. 
 
 5. LAXIFLORUM, Roth. nov. sp. p 102. Erect-branched, strigose 
 with minute ad pressed hairs; leaves linear-lanceolate, entire; 
 racemes simple, subspicate, solitary or twin, elongated ; flowers 
 rather lax ; lobes of the calyx strigose, as long as the tube of the 
 corolla, nuts globose, strigose, not glabrous as described by Roth. 
 Worlee hill, Island of Bombay ; Deccan. 
 
 5. TOURNEFORTIA, Linn. 
 
 1. T SUBULATA, Hochst. Stern suffruticose, erecf, sparingly- 
 branched, clothed with stiff, bristly hairs ; leaves linear-lanceolate. 
 
172 
 
 pilose on both sides ; racemes axillary, very long and slender ; 
 flowers secund ; corolla tubular, segments spreading, acuminated ; 
 anthers 3-toothed at the apex: flowers yellowish. Near Gogo ; 
 flowers in November. 
 
 6. TIARIDIUM, Lehm. 
 
 1. INDICUM, Lehm. Asp. 14. Stem erect, herbaceous, branch- 
 ed, hairy ; leaves opposite and alternate-petioled, cordate-ovate, or 
 oval, rugose ; spikes terminal, solitary, simple ; fruit bih'd, glabrous, 
 mitre-shaped, segments devaricate. A common weed, generally 
 found on rubbish ; flowers lilac. Syn. Heliotropium indicum, 
 Linn. ; H anisophyllum, Beauv. ; T anisophyllum, Don. Gen. 
 syst. iv, p 364. 
 
 XCIX. BORAGINACEJE. 
 1. SEUICOSTOMA, Stocks. 
 
 1 . PAUCIFLORUM, Stock's Mss. Shrubby, very much branched, 
 suberect; leaves linear-lanceolate, 1 inch long, '2 lines broad ; flowers 
 spiked, terminal, or on short branches opposite the leaves ; flowers 
 fasciculate; calyx segments ovate-acute, strigose ; corol white, small, 
 the throat thickly clothed with white hairs; seeds hard, tubercled, 
 shining. One of the comnvncst plants on the Coast of Kattywar. 
 Wight Ic. t. 1377. This does not seem to differ from Lithos- 
 perirum. 
 
 2. CYNOGLOSSUM, Linn. 
 
 1. MICRANTHUM, Desf. Cat. H. Par. 1804, p 220. Stem 
 branched, hispid, with spreading hairs; younger branches and racemes 
 with hoary adpressed pubescence; leaves lanceolate-acute, denti- 
 culate, rough, with hairs above, softly hairy beneath ; racemes 
 without bracts ; calyx lobes ovate-obtuse, nearly as long as the 
 corolla; flowers blue, with a white eye, appear towards the end of 
 the rains. Concan, Khandalla, &c. Syn. C canescens, Willd. 
 Knum i, p 180; C racemosum, Uoxb. Fl Ind. ii, p 6. Nuts 
 scarcely one line in length, ovate-rounded, sub-compressed, bristly 
 all over. 
 
 *2. GLOCHIDIATUM, Wall List. 922. Stem erect-branched, 
 hispid ; hairs of the stem and leaves spreading, tuberculate at 
 their base, branches rather angular ; leaves lanceolate-acuminate, 
 attenuated at the base ; racemes terminal, solitary or twin, without 
 bracts ; calyx lobes ovate oblong-obtuse, silky and strigose ; fruit 
 with a hairy ring surmounted by long teeth, which have 5 to () 
 recurved hooks at their apex. Parr Ghaut; flowers in November. 
 
173 
 
 3. CCELESTINUM, Lindl. Bot. Reg. 1839, t. 36. Pubescent ; 
 stem erect-branched; radical leaves cordate-petioled ovate, subacute ; 
 stem ones ovate-acute, cuneate at the base ; racemes without bracts, 
 often twice bifid ; calyx lobes ovate, rather obtuse ; corol tube the 
 length of the calyx, limb spreading ; flowers pale-blue ; nuts ovate- 
 compressed, covered with hooked bristles round the margin. Near 
 Vingorla. Syn. Echinospermum coelestinum, Wight Ic. t. 1394.' 
 At Mahableshwur, common. 
 
 3. TRICHODESMA, R. Br. Prod. 496. 
 
 1. AMPLEXICAULE, Roth. nov. sp. p 104. Erect, all over hispid 
 with scattered spreading hairs ; lower leaves opposite sessile linear- 
 oblong, upper ones alternate, cordate, stem-clasping, broadly ovate 
 acuminate; pedicels lateral and opposite the leaves, 1 -flowered; 
 calyx lobes shortly and obtusely auriculate ; limb of the corolla ; 
 with scattered hairs inside; lobes rounded, mucronulale. Around 
 Bombay (Polydore Roux.) Very like T indicum. Native name 
 " Chota Kulpa." A common weed. 
 
 2. ZEYLANICUM, R. Br. loc. cit. Stem erect, sparingly covered 
 with scattered bristles; leaves opposite, subsessile, oblong-lan- 
 ceolate, attenuated at the base, bristly; pedicels hispid, lateral, 
 long, 1 -flowered disposed in a raceme ; calyx lobes ovate-lanceolate, 
 villous; flowers pale-blue. A common weed. Syn Borago zey- 
 lanica, Linn. Mant. 202 ; Trichodesma kotschyanum Fenzt ; 
 Leiocarya kotschyana, Hochst. in Flora 1844, p 30. 
 
 C. CORDIACE.E. 
 
 1. CORDIA, Plum. 
 
 1 . C LATIFOLIA, Roxb. Fl Ind. ii, p 330. A tree ; the branchlets 
 angled, and the petioles smooth; leaves petioled, ovate-rounded, 
 sometimes slightly cordate, slightly repand, entire, smooth above, 
 paler beneath, and with the nerves a little hairy ; panicles terminal 
 and lateral, rather shorter than the leaf; calyx irregularly toothed, 
 hirsute within ; corol lobes 5, linear-oblong; flowers white; drupe 
 1 inch in diameter, yellow when ripe, full of a glutinous pulp. 
 Common in Gujarat, where it is called " Burgoond ;" still com- 
 moner in Sind, where it is called " Gedooree." The timber is 
 tough, and much used for agricultural implements in Sind. 
 
 2. C MYXA, Linn, sp 272. Branches round and smooth; 
 leaves petioled ovate, repand-dentate on young trees, smooth above, 
 roughish beneath ; panicles terminal, rarely lateral ; flowers white, 
 appearing in March and April ; berry smaller than the preceding, 
 ovoid mucronate, and is an article of native materia medica, bein- 
 
174 
 
 found in all bazars. Native name " Bhokur" in Bombay; " Lessooree" 
 in Sind. The timber is good ; also used in making Bird Lime. 
 
 3. C WALLICHII, G Don. Gen. si/st. iv, p 379. Arboreous; 
 leaves broad, ovate-rounded, more or less cordate, 3-nerved acute, 
 smooth above, densely tomentose and white beneath ; corymbs 
 lateral and terminal, dichotomous ; calyx campanulate, velvetty, 
 irregularly toothed. Native name " Duhiwun." Between Malsej 
 Ghaut and Ahmednuggur ; thinly throughout the Braminwara 
 range of hills. 
 
 4. C ROTHII, Roem. and Schult. syst. p 798. A small tree ; 
 leaves subopposite, lanceolate, obtuse, mucronate, entire rough ; 
 panicles terminal and lateral, rather shorter than the leaf, many- 
 flowered ; flowers small, white; fruit size of a pea, orange-yellow. 
 Native name " Goondnee." Gum issues from the wounded bark ; 
 the wood is very tough, and useful ; common everywhere. The 
 " Lyar" of Sind (C subopposita) is very like this tree. Syn. C angus- 
 tifolia, Roxb. Fl Ind. ii, p 338. 
 
 CI. SOLAN AC E^l. 
 1. DATURA, Linn. 
 
 1. D ALBA, Neesab. Es. in Trans. Linn. soc. xvii, 73 An- 
 nual (?) ; leaves ovate-acuminate, repand-dentate, unequal at the 
 base, smooth ; stems herbaceous ; capsules nodding, covered with 
 prickles. A common and well-known plant, of which there are 
 several varieties. Rheed. Hort. Mai. ii, t. 2^ ; Datura metel, Roxb. 
 Fl Ind. ii, 238 ; Rumph. Amb. v, t. 87. 
 
 2. D HUMMATU, Bernhardi Journ. Pharm. v xxvi, Var. B 
 fastuosa. Leaves smooth ; calyx with 5 angles ; corolla often 
 double and treble ; flower violet-coloured outside, white within ; 
 fruit tubercled. Almost as common as the preceding. These 
 plants are intoxicating and narcotic ; the root is used in violent 
 headaches and epilepsy ; poultices are made of the leaves, for repel- 
 ling cutaneous tumours ; the bruised seeds are applied to boils. 
 
 2. SOLANUM, Tournef. 
 
 1. INDICUM, Linn. sp. PI 268. A prickly shrub; prickles 
 on the stem compressed, recurved ; leaves solitary or twin, ovate, 
 sinuate lobed or pinnatifid, unequal at the base, tomentose, prickly, 
 of 2 colours; racemes subcymose, placed between the leaves; 
 calyx prickly ; berries globose, size of a cherry, yellow when 
 ripe. Common. Syn. S violaceum, Jacq. fmg. t. 133 ; S canesceus, 
 Blume Bijdr. 701 ; S pinnatifidum Roth. nov. sp. 129; S heynei, 
 Rcem. and Schult. syst. 0^)9 ; S agreste, Roth. loc. cit. 130. 
 
175 
 
 2. JACQUINI, Willd. sp. PI. i, 1041. Herbaceous, procumbent, 
 perennial, completely armed with prickles ; leaves ovate-oblong, 
 subcordate, sinuate-pinnatifid, the divisions acute ; racemes few- 
 flowered ; berries yellow when ripe, the size of a plum. Very com- 
 mon. Syn. S diffusum, Roxb. Fl Ind. ii, 250 ; S xantho carpum, 
 Schrad and Wendl. sert. Hann. 1, 8, t. 2 ; S virginianum, Jacq. 
 Ic. rar. t. 332. 
 
 3. NEESIANUM, Wall Cat. Suppl. No. 248. Stem suffruticose ; 
 branches quadrangular, roughish towards the apex ; lower leaves 
 solitary, upper twin, densely and minutely scabrous above, oblong 
 lanceolate-acuminated at both ends, one smaller than the other ; 
 flowers lateral, fascicled ; calyx quite entire ; berry size of a pea, 
 smooth and red, 2-celled. Phoonda Ghaut. 
 
 4. VERBASCIFOLIUM, Linn. sp. PL 1H4. A small tree; leaves 
 solitary, ovate-acute> quite entire, hairy above, white and tomentose 
 beneath ; corymbs terminal, dichotomous ; flowers small, white ; 
 berry size of a small cherry. Near Dharwar, Lush. Syn. S 
 pubescens, Roxb. Fl Ind. i, 564; S erianthum, Don. Prod. Fl 
 nep. 96 ; S bicolor, Willd. Reliq. 
 
 5. TRILOBATUM, Linn, sp, PL 270. Stems climbing, prickly; 
 leaves 3-lobed, obtuse glabrous ; petioles and peduncles prickly ; 
 racemes terminal and lateral, somewhat umbellate ; corolla deeply 
 5-divided, purple ; fruit scarlet, size of a large pea. Hedges in 
 Gujarat, common. Burm. Ind. 57, t. 22, fig. 2. Syn. S acetosae- 
 folium, Lam. Illustr. Gen. No. 2381. Deccan. 
 
 6. GIGANTEUM, Jacq. Coll. Bot. iv, 125 ; Ic. rar. PI t. 328. 
 A prickly shrub ; prickles tomentose at the base ; leaves large, 
 oblong-lanceolate entire, covered on the underside with a mealy 
 tomenturn ; cymes lateral, dichotomous, many-flowered ; berries 
 round, red, size of a pea; flowers purplish-violet. On the higher 
 Ghauts, common. Syn. S niveum, Vahl. Symb. ii, 41 ; S farinosum 
 Wall, in Roxb. Fl Ind. ii, 255. This is a native of the Cape of 
 Good Hope also. 
 
 7. S TORVUM, Var B inerme. 3 to 4 feet high ; leaves slightly 
 repand, ovate or cordate-acute, tomentose ; peduncles lateral, 
 corymbose, many-flowered ; berry size of an apple. In the South- 
 ern Maratha Country ; but we suspect had escaped from culti- 
 vated fields. Syn. S multiflorum, Roth nov. sp. 130. 
 
 3. PHYSALIS, Linn. 
 
 1. P SOMNIFERA, Link Enum. PI Hort. Bowl, i, 180. Shrubby; 
 branches flexuose, round, downy ; leaves double, short-petioled, 
 ovate, slightly repand, smooth, pubescent or tomentose ; flowers 
 axillary, subsessile, crowded, small, greenish ; berry red, smooth, 
 
176 
 
 size of a pea. P flexuosn, Roxb. Fl Ind. i, 561 ; Linn. sp. 1, 2C>I. 
 A widely-spread plant, growing also at the Cape of Good Hope, the 
 Canary Isles, Greece, Mauritius, Sind, and Persia. The root and 
 leaves are powerfully narcotic and diuretic , the seeds are employed 
 to coagulate milk, like the Puneeria in Sind a plant of the same 
 family. 
 
 GIL SCROPHULARIACEJE. 
 1. CELSIA. 
 
 1 . C COROMANDELIANA, Vahl. Symb. iii, 79. Herbaceous, 
 pubescent and viscid ; lower leaves lyrate, floral ones cordate, 
 stem-clasping ; peduncles longer than the calyx ; calycine segments, 
 ovate, slightly toothed, or oblong-lanceolate, entire ; flowers largish, 
 yellow ; filaments bearded with purple hairs. Kyeghur Fort ; waste 
 places in the Deccan. 
 
 2. LINARIA, Vent. 
 
 1. L RAMOSISSIMA, Wall. Cat. 3911, and PI As. rar. t. 153. 
 Glabrous ; branches elongated, very slender ; leaves alternate- 
 petioled, smooth, triangular hastate, lower ones sometimes acutely 
 5 to 7 lobed ; pedicels longer than the petiole ; flowers yellow, with 
 a short-curved spur ; capsule glabrous. Bassein Hills ; near Bel- 
 gaum, Ahmedabad, Deccan, and Sind, plentiful. 
 
 3. LINDENBERGIA, Link, and Otto. 
 
 1. L URTICAEFOLIA, L. and O. Ic Select. PI Hort. Bowl. 9- r >. 
 An annual, downy plant, erect or ascending ; leaves ovate-serrate ; 
 flowers solitary, axillary, yellow ; corol 3 times the length of the 
 calyx. Un the wall of Bombay Fort and other similar places, 
 common. Syn. Stemodia ruderalis, Vahl. Symb. ii, 69 ; Brachy- 
 coris parviflora, Schrad. Ind. Sem. Hort. Gcetting. 1830. 
 
 4. STEMODIA, Linn. 
 
 S. VISCOSA, Roxb. Cor. PI /. 163. Herbaceous, erect, pubescent 
 and viscid ; leaves sessile, ovate-oblong, acute-dilated, cordate and 
 stem-clasping at the base; flowers axillary, solitary-pedicelled, 
 dark-blue. Common on rice fields in the cold weather. 
 
 5. MAZUS, Lour. 
 
 1 . M RUGOSUS, Lour. Fl Cochin 385. A delicate annual ; 
 leaves cuneate-oblong, coarsely toothed, glabrous ; calycine seg- 
 
177 
 
 ments ovate-lanceolate-acute ; corolla about twice as long as the 
 calyx, pale-blue, the throat white and yellow. On garden-walks in 
 the rains ; Tanna. Syn. Hornemannia bicolor, Willd. Enum. 634 ; 
 Lindernia japonica, Thunb. Fl Jap. p 253 (?). 
 
 6. LIMNOPHILA. 
 
 1. CONFERTA, Benth. in DC. Prod. 10, p 387. Glabrous, 
 procumbent; leaves sessile, oblong, rather obtuse, serrate-crenated, 
 narrow at the base ; floral ones similar; flowers axillary, subsessile, 
 solitary or aggregated on little branches ; calyx-segments lanceo- 
 late-subulate ; flowers blue, scarcely longer than the calyx. At 
 Malwan ; flowers in September. Syn. Stemodia sessilis, Benth. 
 Scroph. Ind. p 23. 
 
 2. L MENTH ASTRUM. Erect, smoothish ; leaves petioled, ovate- 
 oblong, narrowed at both ends ; floral leaves of the same shape, 
 longer than the calyx ; flowers axillary, sessile, clustered in globose 
 heads ; calyx deeply 5-divided, lanceolate-subulate ; leaves 2 to 3 
 inches long, with glandular dots on the underside ; corol 5 lines 
 long. Tulkut Ghaut; flowers in September. Syn, Herpestes 
 rugosa, Roth. nov. sp. p 290. 
 
 3. GRATIOLOIDES, R. Br. Prod. 442. Annual, erect, stoloni- 
 ferous; stems round, jointed, smooth; lower leaves verticelled, 
 above pinnatifid or lobed, uppermost linear-lanceolate, all are 
 serrated towards the apex, less than an inch long; peduncles 
 solitary, axillary, longer than the leaves. On the margins of tanks, 
 common. Syn. Gratiola trifida, Willd. sp PI i, 104; Hottonia 
 indica, Linn. sp. PI 208 ; Hydropityon pedunculatum, Lor. in 
 DC. Prod. 1, 422; Columnea 'balsamica, Roxb. Fl Ind. iii, 97 ; 
 Limnophila myriophylloides, Roth. nov. sp. 294. Submersed leaves 
 capillary. 
 
 4. RoxBURGHir, G. Don> Root creeping ; stems annual, erect ; 
 leaves opposite, subsessile, oblong, serrated; flowers solitary axil- 
 lary, subsessile ; stems emitting capillary leaves at the knots near 
 the root; leaves 2 1 inches long, 1 inch broad ; corolla campanulate, 
 purple. Syn. Capraria gratissima, Roxb. Fl Ind. ii, 92. 
 
 6. RACEMOSA, Benth. in Wall. Cat. 3907. Emersed leaves, 
 lanceolate, opposite or subverticellate, 3-nerved, entire, or the 
 lowest divided ; racemes dense, many-flowered ; calyx mem- 
 branous, smooth, pedicelled ; flowers purple. On the borders of 
 tanks, &c. Syn, Cyrilla aquatica, Roxb. Fl Ind. iii, 115; L 
 hyssopifolia, Roth. nov. sp. 297 (?). 
 
 6. GRATISSIMA, Blume Bijdr. 749. Stem round-striated ; all 
 the leaves in threes, sessile, linear-lanceolate, serrated ; peduncles 
 23 c 
 
178 
 
 racemose, glandular and hairy, as well as the calyx. Margins of 
 ponds, &c. 
 
 7. HERPESTES. 
 
 1 . MONNIERIA, Kunth. nov. Gen. sp. ii, p 336. Glabrous, stem- 
 creeping; leaves obovate, oblong-obtuse, entire, rather fleshy; 
 peduncles longer than the leaf; flowers pale-blue. On the margins 
 of tanks; grows all over the world. Syn. Gratiola monniera, Linn, 
 sp. p 24 ; Lemosella calycina, Forsk. ; Septas repens, Lour. ; Bramia 
 indica, Lam., and no less than twelve others. 
 
 2. HAMILTONIANA, Benth. DC. Prod. 10, p 400. Small, erect ; 
 leaves lanceolate entire, narrow at the base ; flowers subsessile, 
 axillary, opposite, solitary ; upper segment of calyx very broad, 
 cordate. At Malwan, plentiful. 
 
 8. DOPATRIUM, Ham. 
 
 1. JUNCEUM, Ham. Mss. Stem elongated, scarcely branched ; 
 floral leaves minute, obtuse ; lower ones obovate, entire ; capsule 
 globose ; corolla about three times longer than the calyx. In swampy 
 places, common. Syn. Gratiola juncea, lioxb. PI Cor, ii, p 18, 
 t. 129; Morgania juncea, Spr. syst. ii, p 803. 
 
 9. BON NAY A, Link and Otto. 
 
 1. BRACHIATA, Link and Otto, Abbild. ii, p 25, t. 9. Erect, 
 much-branched ; leaves sessile, oblong or obovate, sharply serrated ; 
 flowers racemose, pink; capsules spreading, twice the length of the 
 calyx. Pretty common in pastures during the rainy season. Syn. 
 Gratiola serrata, Roxb. Fl Ind. i, 140; B pussilla, Benth. Scroph. 
 Ind. p 33. Stems 2 to 8 inches high. 
 
 2. VERONIC^FOLIA, Spr. syst. i, p 41. Stem decumbent or 
 creeping at the base ; flower-bearing branches ascending ; leaves 
 subsessile, narrow at the base, oblong, rather thick, sharply ser- 
 rated, lower ones nearly entire ; flowers racemose ; capsules 2 to 
 3, longer than the calyx. Common. Syn. Gratiola veronicge- 
 folia, Retz. Obs. 4, p 8 ; Roxb. Cor. t. 154 ; B marginata, Spr. 
 syst. i, p 41 ; G racemosa, Roth. nov. sp. p 9. 
 
 3. VERBEN^FOLIA, Spr. syst. i, p 42 Leaves subsessile, ob- 
 long-lanceolate or nearly linear, entire or serrated ; flowers race- 
 mose ; capsules 2 to 3 times longer than the calyx ; leaves narrower 
 and not so much serrated as in the preceding. Southern Concan. 
 Syn. Gratiola verbenae folia, Colsm. Vahl. Enum i, p 96 ; G race- 
 mosa, Roxb. Fl Ind. i, 139 ; G roxburghiana, Rocm. and Schult. 
 syst. i, p 123. 
 
179 
 
 4. GRANDIFLORA, Spr. syst. i, p 41. Stem diffuse, rather 
 creeping ; ovate-oblong or lanceolate, sessile, serrated ; flowers 
 axillary, uppermost ones racemose ; capsules linear, scarcely twice 
 as long as the calyx. Southern Concan. Syn. Gratiola grandiflora, 
 Roxb. Cor. t. 179; G pulegiifolia, Vahl. Enum. i, 98; B pulegii- 
 folia, Spr. syst. i, p 41. 
 
 5. OPPOSITIFOLIA, Spr. syst. i, 41. Erect; leaves oblong or 
 lanceolate, slightly serrated ; lower peduncles opposite the leaves, 
 rerlexed in fruit, uppermost ones racemose ; capsules linear, 4 lines 
 long. The Concans. Syn. Gratiola oppositiiblia, Roxb. Cor. t. 
 155 ; G minima, Roth. nov. sp. p 8 (?). 
 
 6. REPTANS, Spr. syst. i, p 41. Stem creeping and rooting; 
 leaves rounded or obovate-oblong, sharply serrated, narrowing into 
 the petiole ; capsules spreading, 2 to 3 times longer than the calyx. 
 Southern Concan. Syn. Gratiola reptans, Roxb. Fl Ind. i, p 140; 
 G melloides, Koen. in Vahl. Enum. i, p 99 ; Bonnaya melloides, 
 Spr. syst. i, p 41 ; G ciliata, Vahl. Enum. i, p 97 ; B ciliata, Spr. 
 syst. i, p 41. 
 
 10. ILYSANTHES, Raan. 
 
 1. I HYSSOPIOIDES, Benth. in DC. Prod. 10, p 149. Stem 
 diffuse, elongated, lax ; leaves oblong or lanceolate, remote, narrow 
 at the base, upper ones small-linear ; peduncles elongated, filiform ; 
 corolla 3 to 4 times longer than the calyx. Common in the rains. 
 Syn. Gratiola hyssopioides, Linn. Maut. p 174 ; Morgania hysso- 
 pioides, Spr. syst. ii, p 803; Bonnaya hyssopioides, Benth. Scroph. 
 Ind. p 34 ; Wight Ic. 857. 
 
 11. VANDELLIA. 
 
 1. V HIRSUTA, Ham. in Benth. Scroph. Ind. p 36. Hirsute, 
 erect, much-branched ; leaves ovate-crenate, lower ones narrowing 
 into the petiole, upper sessile, or slightly stem-clasping; racemes 
 elongated (2 inches) ; calyx-segments lanceolate-subulate ; capsules 
 subglobose. Vingorla. Syn. Gratiola viscosa, Hornem. Hort. 
 Hafu. p 19 ; Hornemannia viscosa, Willd. Enum. p 6-54 ; Titmannia 
 viscosa, Reich. Ic. Exot. i, p 26, t. 38. 
 
 2. LAXA, Benth. Scroph. Ind. p 36. Diffuse, clothed sparingly 
 with long hairs ; leaves subsessile, broadly-ovate, rounded or cordate 
 at the base; pedicels axillary, and in lax racemes, many times 
 longer than the calyx ; flowers pretty large, white. At Vingorla. 
 
 3. PEDUNCULATA, Benth. Scroph. Ind. p 37. Glabrous ; leaves 
 very shortly-petioled, ovate or ovate-lanceolate, crenated or 
 
180 
 
 entire, upper ones slightly cordate ; pedicels axillary, many times 
 longer than the calyx ; capsules oblong-linear. Vingorla. Syn. 
 Torenia diffusa, Roxb. Fl Ind. ii, p 95 ; V roxburghii, Don. syst. 
 Gard. and Bot. iv, 549 ; Gratiola cordifolia, Vahl. Enum. i ; 97 ; 
 Bonnaya cordifolia, Spr. syst. i, 42. 
 
 4. V CRUSTACEA, Benth. Scroph. Ind. p 35. A very common 
 plant, diffuse ; leaves shortly-petioled, ovate, coarsely crenated ; 
 peduncles axillary or subracemose, 6 to 1*2 lines long ; corolla 
 scarcely twice as long as the calyx, small, of a light-purple colour. 
 Syn. Capraria Crustacea, Linn. Maut. p 87; Torenia Crustacea, 
 Cham, and Schlect. in Linn, ii, 570 ; Gratiola lucida, Vahl. ; 
 Morgania lucida, Spr. syst. ii, p 802 ; Torenia varians, Roxb. Fl 
 Ind. iii, p 96 (?) ; with many others. 
 
 12. GLOSSOST1GMA, Arnott. 
 
 1. G SPATHULATCJM, Arnott. in Nov. Act. Nat. Cur. p 18. 
 Cespitose, creeping ; stems stoloniferous and rooting at the nodes ; 
 leaves fascicled, linear spathulate, entire, very small ; pedicels soli- 
 tary in the axils of the leaves ; calyx and corolla minute. Margins 
 of tanks and other moist places. Syn. Microcarpaea spathulata, 
 Hook. Bot. Misc. ii, p 101 ; Suppl. t. 4. 
 
 13. BUDDLEIA, Linn. 
 
 1. B A STATIC A, Lour. Fl Cochin, p 72. Arboreous, covered 
 with a fine tomentum ; leaves lanceolate-acuminate, entire or serru- 
 late, smooth above ; spikes long and slender ; flowers in threes, 
 sessile ; tube of the corol nearly twice the length of the cam- 
 panulate calyx. Hills near Penn. Syn B discolor, Roth, nov, 
 sp. p 83 ; Wight Ic. 894 ; B salicina, Lam. 
 
 14. TORENIA, Linn. 
 
 1. ASIATICA, Linn. sp. p 862. Glabrous or slightly hairy; 
 leaves petioled, ovate or ovate-lanceolate, serrate-crenate ; calyx 
 elongated, acute at the base, winged with 3 to 5 prominent ribs ; 
 corolla twice as long as calyx, showy, pink. Wight Ic. 862. The 
 Concans, pretty common. Syn. T vagans and hians, Roxb. Fl 
 Ind. in, p 96 ; leaves 1 to 2 inches long; corolla 1 3 inch. Bot, 
 Mag. t. 4249. 
 
 2f CORDIFOLIA, Roxb. Cor. PI ii, p 52, t. 161. Stem trailing, 
 glabrous or slightly hairy ; leaves petioled, ovate serrate-crenate ; 
 calyx with 3 rather broad wings, rounded at the base ; corolla nearly 
 twice as long as the calyx. Bot. Mag, 3715. At Vingorla. 
 
181 
 
 3. BICOLOR, Dalz. in Hook. Jour. Bot. iii, p 38. Stem creep- 
 ing and rooting ; leaves petioled triangular, scarcely cordate at the 
 base, crenate-serrated ; calyx linear incurved, equally 5-ribbed ; 
 corolla an inch long, curved, under-lip white, the rest of a deep- 
 violet. Flowers beautiful, axillary, in twos or threes. Near 
 Vingorla. Well worthy of a place in gardens. 
 
 15. ARTANEMA, Don. 
 
 1. SESAMOIDES, Benth. Scroph. Tnd. p 39. Two feet high; 
 stem acutely 4-sided ; leaves petioled, oblong or ovate-lanceolate, 
 entire or serrated ; pedicels shorter than the calyx ; corolla sub- 
 campanulate, half an inch long ; flowers in terminal racemes. The 
 Concans, rare. Syn. Columnea longifolia, Linn. Maut. p 90; 
 Achimenes sesamoides, Vahl. Symb. ii, p 71; Diceros longifolius, 
 Pers. Syn. ii, 164. 
 
 16. STRIGA. 
 
 1. OROBANCHIOIDES, Benth. in Comp. Bot. Mag. i, p 361, t. 
 19. Glabrous or puberulous, branched ; leaves minute, scale-like; 
 stems rigid, erect, 6 to 12 inches high, of a reddish hue ; flowers 
 numerous, rose-coloured ; parasitic on the roots of different species 
 of Lepidagathis and Euphorbium. Common in rocky ground in 
 the Northern Concan, and hilly parts of Deccan. Syn. Buchnera 
 gesnerioides, Wilkl. sp. iii, p 338 ; B orobanchioides, Br. in Salt. 
 Voy. ; B hydrabadensis, Roth. nov. sp. p 292 ; Orobanche indica, 
 Spr. syst. ii, 817. 
 
 2. EUPHRASIOIDES, Benth. loc. cit. i, 364. Glabrous, rough ; 
 leaves linear-entire or few-toothed, elongated ; spikes slender, 
 interrupted; calyx with 15 striae, which all reach to the apex 
 of the segments; flowers white. Syn. Buchnera euphrasioides, 
 Vahl. Symb. iii, p 81 ; B angustifolia, Don Prod. Fl Nep. p 91 ; 
 S glabrata, Benth. loc. cit. p 364. Very common. 
 
 3. HIRSUTA, Benth. in DC. Prod. 10, p 502. Very rough; 
 leaves linear-elongated, or lower ones lanceolate ; calyx with 1 
 striae, of which 5 run into the sinuses between the segments ; flowers 
 red, white, or yellow. Very common ; turns black in drying. Syn. 
 S lutea, Lour. Fl Cochin, p 22 ; Buchnera asiatica, Linn. ; Campu- 
 leia coccinea, Hook. Exot. Fl iii, t. 203 ; B coccinea, Benth. Scroph. 
 Ind. p 40. 
 
 4. DENSIFLORA, Benth. in Comp. Bot. Mag. p 363. Glabrous, 
 very rough ; leaves lanceolate-linear, floral ones scale-like ; spikes 
 rather thick when young, densely-flowered, afterwards elongated, 
 interrupted ; flowers white, not distinguishable from S euphrasioides, 
 but may be always known by the calyx having only 5 strise up the 
 
182 
 
 centre of the segments. About Surat. Syn. Buchnera asiatica, 
 Vahl. Symb. iii, p 81 (?) ; B densiflora, Benth. Scroph. Ind. p 41 ; 
 leaves spreading and recurved. 
 
 5. SULPHUREA, Dalz. Mss. All scabrous ; stem slender, 
 quadrangular; leaves very narrow-linear, acute, 8 to 12 lines long, 
 scarcely half a line broad ; flowers very shortly-pedicelled ; pedicel 
 with 2 subulate bracts ; calyx prominently 15-nerved, 5 lo 6,J lines 
 long, divided to the middle, divisions linear, strap-shaped ; corolla 
 yellow ; tube as long as calyx, and pubescent towards the apex ; 
 upper lip broad, almost truncate, lower 3-lobed ; lobes obovate, all 
 ciliated, about 1 to 1| line in length. A very distinct species, 
 coming nearest to Euphrasioides, but having a calyx about 
 double the length, with the divisions long and exactly linear. Found 
 on wet rocks on Sewnere Hill-fort, along with Ophelia minor. 
 
 17. BUCHNERA, Linn. 
 
 1. B HISPIDA, Ham. in Don. Prod. Fl Nep. p 91. 1 to 2 feet 
 high, scarcely branched, leafy at the base ; leaves oblong or lanceo- 
 late-toothed, upper ones linear; spike terminal, slender, interrupted, 
 many-flowered ; flowers light-purple, curved like those of Striga. 
 Island of Caranjah, in the rains. 
 
 18. RAMPHICARPA, Benth. 
 
 1. R LONGIFLORA, Benth. in Comp. Bot. Mag. i, 368 A low, 
 much-branched plant ; leaves pinnately divided into linear segments ; 
 flowers white, with a very long, slender tube, and regular limb ; 
 capsule furnished with an incurved oblique beak. Common in 
 Ghaut pastures during the rains. Syn. Buchnera longiflora, Arnott 
 in Nov. Act. Nat. Cur. 18, p 356. 
 
 19. CENTRANTHERA, Br. 
 
 1. C HISPIDA, R. Br. Prod, p 438. -Erect, hispid, about 1 foot 
 high ; leaves opposite, sessile, linear, almost entire, very rough ; 
 flowers axillary, solitary subsessile, somewhat trumpet-shaped, of 
 a deep-purplish red. Hilly parts of the Concan, but not common. 
 
 20. SOPUBIA, Hamilton. 
 
 1. S DELPHINIFOLIA, G. Don. Gard. Diet, iv, p 560. An 
 annual, erect, elegant plant ; leaves opposite, irregularly pinnatifid, 
 with filiform segments ; flowers axillary, solitary, short-peduncled, 
 large, rose-coloured; capsule oblong, the length of the calyx. 
 Common in cultivated fields during the rains. Gerardia delphini- 
 
183 
 
 folia, Linn. sp. p 848 ; Euphrasia coromandeliana, Roth, in Spr. 
 syst. i\j p 775. There is a variety with small flowers. 
 
 CHI. ACANTHACE^E. 
 
 SUB-ORDER I. THUNBERGIE^E. 
 
 1. THUNBERGIA. 
 
 1. FRAGRANS, Roxb. Fl Ind. iii, p 33. Climbing; leaves 
 oblong-acute, cordate, angular and subhastate at the base, slightly 
 scabrous ; peduncles axillary, solitary, one-flowered, round, downy, 
 1 to 2 inches long ; flowers large, pure white ; capsule flat and 
 beaked. Common in the Concans. Roxburgh has made some 
 mistake about the fragrance, as this species is not fragrant. 
 
 2. HEXACENTRIS, N. ab E. 
 
 1. H MYSORENSIS, Wight Ic. Climbing; leaves elliptic- 
 oblong, acuminate-crenate, 3-nerved, reticulated ; flowers large, 
 handsome, in a pendulous raceme, either of a golden-yellow through- 
 out, or with the limb of an orange or blood-red colour. Within 
 the latitude of the Dharwar Zillah, though not within the presidency 
 limits. Hook Bot. Mag. 4786. 
 
 3. ELYTRARIA, Vahl. 
 
 1. E CRENATA, Vahl. Enum. i, p 106. Stemless ; leaves 
 onovate-oblong, crenated, villous on the nerves beneath ; scape 
 long, slender, simple ; flowers spiked, white ; bracts ovate, ciliated. 
 Under the shade of trees at Koondiana, in the Broach Collectorate. 
 Though said to be common in other parts of India, this is the only 
 spot in which we have seen it. Syn. Justicia acaulis, Linn. 
 
 4. NELSONIA, R. Br. 
 
 1. TOMENTOSA, Willd. sp. PI i, 419. Herbaceous, prostrate, 
 villous; lower leaves petioled, elliptic-obtuse, upper subsessile, 
 smaller; spikes ovate; bracts rounded-elliptic, obtuse-mucronulate ; 
 corolla purple, a little longer than the calyx. In the Warree 
 jungles, common. Syn. Justicia tomentosa, Roxb. Fl Ind. i, 132; 
 N origanoides, Roem. and Schultz syst. i, p 1 73 ; J origanoides, 
 Vahl. Enum. p 122; J vestita, Roem. and Schultz syst. Mant. i, 
 145 ; J bengalensis, Spr. syst. i, p 82 ; J lamiifolia, Roxb. Fl Ind. 
 i, p 136. 
 
184 
 
 5. EBERMEIERA, N. ab E. 
 
 "1. GLAUCA, N. ab E. Stem erect, a foot high, pubescent and 
 rough, spikes leafy, axillary and terminal ; leaves oblong, attenuated 
 into the petiole, glabrous entire ; calyx pubescent and glandular ; 
 corolla very small, tubular; capsule oblong-obtuse, glabrous. 
 Southern Concan. 
 
 6. ERYTHRACANTHUS, N. ab E. 
 
 1. ELONGATUS, N. ab E. Herbaceous; leaves oblong-oval or 
 oblong-pubescent, rough, obtuse at both ends; racemes axillary and 
 terminal, simple or compound, elongated lax-flowered ; common 
 peduncle very short; bracts lanceolate; leaves red on the under- 
 side; capsule oblong. Warree jungles. Syn. Adenosma elongatum, 
 Bl. Bijdr. p 757. 
 
 SUB-ORDER II. HYGROPHILE.E. 
 7. PHYSICHILUS, N. ab E. 
 
 1. SKRPYLLUM, N. ab E. in DC. Prod. 11, p 81.- Diffuse- 
 branched, creeping ; leaves strigose and hirsute, those on the stem 
 nearly orbicular, floral ones oblong or oblong-lanceolate ; flowers 
 purple, axillary, subsessile, collected into a terminal spike. Island 
 of Bombay ; the Concan, common. 
 
 8. NOMAPHILA, Blume. 
 
 1. PINNATIFIDA, Dalz. in Hook Jour. Bot. iii, p 38. All 
 glandular and pubescent ; leaves petioled, deeply pinnatifid, linear- 
 lanceolate, the segments linear, oblong-obtuse, serrulated ; flowers 
 in the opposite axils of the leaves, sessile, or clustered in terminal 
 heads ; flowers purple. The river-banks of the Southern Concan ; 
 flowers in January and March. 
 
 9. HYGROPHILA, R. Br. 
 
 1. SALICIFOLIA, N. ab E. DC. Prod. 11, p 92. Herbaceous ; 
 stem erect, 1 to 2 feet high ; lower leaves obovate or oblong, rather 
 obtuse, upper lanceolate, attenuated at both ends ; flowers axillary, 
 clustered, about 7 together, pale-blue ; calycine segments subulate, 
 hirsute ; capsule narrow-compressed, quadrangular, half an inch long. 
 Wet places in the Southern Concan. Syn. Uuellia salicifolia, Vahl. 
 Symb. iii, p 84; Roxb. Fl Ind. i, p 50 ; R longifolia, Roth. nov. 
 sp. p 306. 
 
185 
 
 10. CRYPTOPHRAGMIUM, N. ab E. 
 
 1. LATIFOLTUM, Dalz. in Hook. Jour. Bot. ii, 137. Suflfmticose 
 glabrous ; leaves very long-petioled, rounded-ovate, acuminate, 
 truncate at the base, crenulate, 1 foot long, 4h inches broad ; spikes 
 axillary, short, trichotomous ; flowers yellowish-white; capsule 
 4 times longer than the calyx. Chorla Ghaut. Syn. Phloganthus 
 latifolius, Wight Ic. t. 1537. 
 
 2. GLABRUM, Dalz. loc. cit. ii, 338. Herbaceous ; leaves 
 elliptic-acuminate, denticulate, glabrous, running down with a wing 
 into the petioles; spike terminal, compound; the branches opposite, 
 nearly a foot long. In shady places in the Southern Concan. 
 
 11. ENDOPOGON, N. ab E. 
 
 1. INTEGRIFOLTUS, Dalz. in Hook. Jour. Bot. ii, 342. A shrub ; 
 leaves narrow-elliptic or lanceolate-acuminate, running down with 
 a wing into the petiole; bracts and bracteoles linear, ciliated with 
 long hairs, and as long as the calyx ; flowers blue, rather large ; 
 rachis short, quadrangular, viscous and glandular. Hills near 
 Pan well. 
 
 12. PETALIDIUM, N. ab E. 
 
 1 . BARLERIOIDES, N. ab E., DC. Prod. 1 1 , p 1 14.- Shrubby ; 
 leaves oblong, crenate-dentate, 'somewhat glaucous; peduncles 
 axillary, solitary, 1 -flowered ; flowers an inch long, white or 
 pale-blue ; bracteoles large, opposite, covering the calyx. The 
 Ghauts ; hills near Panwell. Syn. Ruellia barlerioides, Roth. nov. 
 sp. p 310 ; R bracteata, Roxb. Fl Ind. iii, p 47 ; Bot. Mag. t. 4053 ; 
 Eranthemum barlerioides, Roxb. Fl Ind. i, 114. 
 
 2. P PATULUS, N. ab E. DC. Prod. 11, p 126. Stem erect; 
 leaves ovate, oval or oblong-obtuse, hoary and puberulous ; flowers 
 fascicled in threes or fives, or solitary, smaller than in the preceding, 
 white ; bracteoles oval or oblong, longer than the calyx. The flowers 
 open in the evening, and fall off in the morning; while in the pre- 
 ceding, the flowers open in the morning. 
 
 13. DIPTERACANTHUS, N. ab E. 
 
 1. DEJECTUS, N. ab E., DC. Prod. 11, p 125. Stem herba- 
 ceous, suffrutiscent at the base, creeping, procumbent or ascending ; 
 leaves long-petioled, ovate-elliptic, acute at both ends, entire, 
 strigose or rough on the veins ; flowers pretty large, blue, axillary, 
 sessile, solitary ; capsule half an inch long, oblong, narrow at the 
 base, 12 to 16-seeded. Common in Bombay and the Concans ; 
 flowers in October. Syn. Ruellia repens, Blume Bijdr. p 794 ; R 
 rigens, Roxb. Fl Ind. iii, p 44. 
 24 c 
 
186 
 
 14. RUELLIA, Linn. 
 
 1. DURA, N. ab E., DC. Prod. 1 1, p 146. Stem quadrangular, 
 procumbent, hispid and bristly ; leaves oblong-obtuse, subcrenate, 
 attenuated into the petiole, hispid ; spikes axillary subsessile and 
 terminal, somewhat capitate, subtended by subovate hirsute bracts ; 
 flowers middle-sized, blue ; capsule 8-seeded, shorter than the 
 calyx. About Surat, common. 
 
 2. ELEGANS, Bot. Mag. t. 3389. Herbaceous, erect, pubescent; 
 stem with opposite branches ; leaves ovate-acuminate, coarsely 
 serrated; flowers of a bright blue, axillary, short-peduncled, sub- 
 capitate or terminal subsolitary ; capsule as long as the calyx, 
 6 to 8-seeded. tn the Concans, common. Syn. Hemigraphis 
 elegans, N. ab E. The anthers are not unilocular, as stated by 
 N.ab. E. DC. Prod. 11, p 722. 
 
 3. LATEBROSA, Roxb. Fl Ind. iii, p 46. Creeping; leaves oppo- 
 site, short-petioled, broad-oval, coarsely toothed, hairy, about an 
 inch long, and nearly as broad ; flowers axillary, solitary sessile, 
 liiiht-blue, collected also in small terminal bracted heads; bracts 
 ovate-lanceolate, as long as the calyx. Below trees on the Island of 
 Caranjah ; the Deccan. Syn. Hemigraphis latebrosa, N. ab E. in 
 DC. Prod. 11, p7'23; Ruellia ebracteata, Dalz. in Hook. Jour. 
 Bot. ii, 342. 
 
 15. ASYSTASIA, Blum. 
 
 1. COROMANDELIANA, N. ab E., DC. Prod. 11, p 165. Stem 
 erect; branches numerous, almost smooth; leaves cordate-ovate or 
 suborbiculate-cuspidate, glabrous ; racemes axillary, elongated, 
 secund, straight ; flowers large, pale-blue ; capsule an inch long. 
 Very common, often cultivated in gardens, where thei>- are white- 
 flowered varieties. Syn. Justicia gangetica, Linn. Amcen. iv, p 
 290; Ruellia secunda, Roxb. Fl Ind. iii, p 42; Vahl. Symb. 
 iii, p 84. 
 
 2. VIOLACEA, Dalz. in Hook. 1 Stem ascending, jointed, smooth, 
 striated, obtusely quadrangular ; leaves ovate or oblong-acute, 
 entire, lower ones attenuated into the petiole, upper rounded at 
 the base, short-petioled or subsessile ; racemes terminal, secund, 
 solitary or twin ; flowers an inch long, of a deep-blue, somewhat 
 2-lipped, the I6wer lip of a dark violet ; the throat spotted with 
 purple. The Concans. A very handsome species. 
 
 3. LAWIANA, Dalz. in Hook. Jour- Bot. iv, 344. Stem herba- 
 ceous, erect, quadrangular, knotted, trichotomous ; leaves elliptic- 
 oblong acute, suddenly narrowing into a petiole of 1 inch, roughish 
 above, hispid on the nerves beneath; spikes terminal, solitary, short; 
 flowers approximated, sessile, opposite, decussate ; bracts and 
 
187 
 
 bracteoles lanceolate, foliaceous, 3-nerved, villous ; flowers small, 
 white, shorter than the bracts. Near Dharwar ; flowers in the rains. 
 Syn. Strobilanthes mysorensis, N. ab E. in DC. Prod. 11. 
 
 16. STROBILANTHES. 
 
 1. HEYNEANUS, N. ab E. in DC. Prod. 11, p 184.-Stems 
 about a foot high, herbaceous, strigose, and hirsute ; leaves elliptic- 
 cuspidate, running down into a long petiole, crenate-serrate, hirsute ; 
 spikes axillary, compound, shorter than the leaf, subglobose, 
 glabrous; bracts orbicular, ventricose; calyx short, the segments 
 oblong-obtuse, glabrous; corolla half an inch long. Chorla Ghaut. 
 
 2. SESSILOIDES, Wight Ic. PI Ind. Or. t. 1512. A low, sutfru- 
 ticose plant ; branches numerous, spreading, hairy all over ; stem 
 erect, quadrangular; leaves sessile, rounded-cordate, serrate, blis- 
 tered, reticulate, coriaceous ; spikes axillary and terminal, short ; 
 flowers blue, numerous, handsome; bracts broadly-cordate, cus- 
 pidate, entire. Phoonda Ghaut, in abundance. 
 
 3. GRAHAMIANUS, Wight loc. cit. t. 1520. A tall branched- 
 shrub ; stem quadrangular; older branches glabrous, tuberculated ; 
 leaves broadly ovate-cuspidate, acuminate, crenate-dentate, running 
 down into a long petiole, hirsute, with stellate hairs above, pubescent 
 beneath, reticulately veined ; peduncles axillary, or on the naked 
 branches, trifid, shorter than the petiole ; spikes ovate-oblong, 
 glabrous ; bracts orbicular, ventricose, corolla large, blue ; capsule 
 short-compressed, 4-seeded ; seeds pubescent. Comes nearest to 
 S callosus. 
 
 4. WARREENSIS, Dalz. in Hook. Jour. Bot. ii, 341. Stem 
 suffruticose, dichotomously branched, knotty and smooth ; leaves 
 oblong-acuminate, running gradually into the petiole, glabrous on 
 both sides, repand-toothed ; spikes in the opposite axils peduncled, 
 simple, solitary, drooping; peduncles jointed in the middle; flowers 
 small, spotted with purple. The Warree Country. 
 
 5. TETRAPTERUS, Dalz. loc. cit. 342. Shrubby, subscandent, 
 glabrous ; leaves oval, shortly acuminated, running down the petiole 
 and along the stem, crenate, coriaceous, shining above ; spikes 
 axillary opposite, and terminal solitary, peduncled ; bracts herba- 
 ceous, rhomb-cuneate, long-cuspidate, ciliated ; corolla somewhat 
 2-lipped, white ; leaves 9 to 10 inches long. The Warree Country. 
 
 6. ASPERUIMUS, N. ab E., DC. Prod. 11, p 183. Stem rigid, 
 rough, and tuberculated, hirsute at joints; leaves elliptic-acute, run- 
 ning down like a wing into a petiole, shorter than the leaf, crenated, 
 hispid, and bristly ; peduncles axillary, trichotomous ; spikes ovate ; 
 bracts broadly oval, ventricose, labrous, lower ones more remote 
 and smaller ; rachis hirsute. Well marked by the small foraming, 
 left on the falling off of the rigid hairs on the leaf. The Ghauts. 
 
188 
 
 ^ 7. CALLOSUS, N. ab. E. in Wall. PI. As. Rar. iii, p 85. 
 Shrubby, 6 feet high ; stem verrucose ; leaves elliptic-cuspidate, 
 running down into a long petiole, with minute callous teeth on the 
 margin, scabrous and ciliated ; spikes axillary, compound, shorter 
 than the leaf; bracts orbicular, ventricose, lower more remote, 
 sterile ; branches as thick as a goose-quill, 4-sided, glabrous, often 
 rough with warts and grey points; leaves 7 to 10 inches long; flowers, 
 deep-blue ; seeds quite smooth. The Ghauts ; flowers in August. 
 8. JNEESIANA, R. Wight Ic. t. 1523. Surrruticose ; ramuli' sub- 
 terete, glabrous ; leaves unequal, elliptic-ovate ; acuminate-acute, 
 and subunequal at the base, coarsely crenate- serrated ; stillato- 
 hirsute, densely lineolate above, sparingly pubescent beneath ; pe- 
 duncles axillary, often trifid, numerous and subpanicled towards the 
 end of the branches, bibracteolate about the middle ; spikes short, 
 ovate-capitulate ; bracts foliaceous, acuminate, retuse at the point, 
 clothed with viscid pubescence; calyx and shorter bracteoles 
 densely pilose ; corolla sparingly pubescent without, bristly hirsute 
 within. iSalsette, and hills throughout the Concans ; common. 
 
 17. BARLERIA, Linn. 
 
 1. TERMINALTS, N. ab E. in DC. Prod, ii, p 225. Stem stri- 
 gose ; leaves oval-oblong, running down with a wing into a long 
 petiole ; flowers spicate ; spikes destitute of bracts, crowded at the 
 apex of the branches ; bracteoles lanceolate, nearly as long as the 
 calyx; calyx pubescent, ciliated; the larger segments subequal; 
 oval-acute, entire ; flower deep-blue, 2 inches long. The Ghauts ; 
 flowers in November and December. This is No. 1184 of Graham's 
 Catalogue. 
 
 2. COURTALLICA, N. ab E. loc. cit. p 226. Stem fruticose ; 
 leaves oblong, glabrous, shining, attenuated at both ends ; spikes 
 axillary and terminal, short, hairy, and glandular; bracts and brac- 
 teoles linear subulate; flowers 14 inch long, blue and yellow. On 
 Chorla Ghaut. 
 
 3. DICHOTOMA, Roxb. Fl Ind. iii, p 39. SufFruticose, adpress- 
 ed, strigose ; stem with opposite branches; leaves elliptic-oblong, 
 attenuated at both ends, petioled ; spikes axillary and terminal ; 
 flowers white, secund ; bracts linear-lanceolate, pectinate, ciliated ; 
 larger calycine segments ovate-subulate, serrate. IN ear the village 
 of Penn. Though certainly a native of India, it has never been 
 found truly wild. It is a favourite plant of the Brahmins, and is 
 often found planted near temples. 
 
 4. CRISTATA, Linn. sp. PI, p 887. Herbaceous, all overstrigose, 
 with adpressed hairs ; leaves elliptic, attenuated at both ends, 
 petioled ; peduncles axillary, very short, few-flowered ; bracts linear 
 
189 
 
 subulate, ciliated ; larger calycine segments unequal, elliptic-oblong, 
 ciliate and serrated ; flowers blue, an inch long. Bombay and the 
 Concans. 
 
 5. MONTANA, N. ab E. loc. cit. p 232. Herbaceous, erect, 
 
 2 feet high, all quite smooth, diandrous; leaves oblong-elliptic, 
 attenuated into the petiole, a little scabrous on the margin ; flowers 
 axillary, solitary, sessile, opposite ; bracteoles linear ; larger calycine 
 segments equal, elliptic, herbaceous ; flowers of a beautiful rose- 
 colour, 2 inches long, appear in September. Island of Caranjah ; 
 Cross Island, &c. This is No. 1182 of Graham's Catalogue. Syn. 
 B purpurea, Lodd. Bot. Cab. t. 344. 
 
 6. GIBSONI, Dalz. in Hook. Jour. Bot. ii, 339. Suffruticose, 
 
 3 to 4 feet high, diandrous, all quite smooth ; leaves elliptic-acute 
 at both ends, glaucous beneath, ciliolated on the margins ; flowers 
 spicate ; spikes short, terminal, solitary; bracts small, foliaceous, 
 narrow-ovate, obtusely-acuminate ; bracteoles linear-acute ; larger 
 calycine segments oval, subequal, quite entire; flowers of a beauti- 
 ful pink colour. The Ghauts, and on the Brahminwara Hange. 
 
 7. GRANDIFLOKA, Dalz. loc. cit. Stem fruticose ; leaves elliptic- 
 acuminate, attenuated into the petiole, upper ones subsessile, quite 
 smooth on both sides ; flowers short-pedicelled, solitary in the 
 opposite axils, very large, pure white ; bracts inserted on the middle 
 of the pedicel, short-subulate; larger calycine segments equal, 
 herbaceous, ovate-acute, glabrous, 10 to 12-nerved ; smaller ones 
 narrow-subulate, half the length ; flower upwards of 4 inches long. 
 The Mangellee Ghaut. This is by far the showiest of the genus. 
 
 8. ELATA, Dalz. loc. cit. iii, 2*27. Shrubby, 6 feet high ; stem 
 round- strigose, swollen at the joints ; leaves herbaceous unequal, 
 lono;-petioled, elliptic-acuminated, suddenly attenuated into the 
 petiole, pubescent on both sides ; spikes terminal, and in the upper 
 axils, solitary, short-spreading, stout, 2 to 3-flowered ; flowers very 
 shortly pedicelled, secund ; pedicels subtended by lanceolate, folia- 
 ceous bracts as long as the calyx ; flowers 3| to 4 inches long, the 
 tube reddish-purple, the limb blue. Phoonda Ghaut; flowers in 
 November. 
 
 9. PRIONITIS, Linn. sp. PI, p 887. Shrubby; leaves elliptic- 
 oblong, attenuated at both ends, glabrous ; flowers axillary, verti- 
 celled, sessile, and terminal spicate ; flowers yellow ; fertile bracteoles 
 subulate and spinous; larger calycine segments ovate-entire, 
 glabrous, pointed with spines. Very common in hedges. Coletta 
 veedla, Rheed. Hort. Mai. ix, t. 41. 
 
 18. ASTERACANTHA, N. ab E. 
 
 1. LONGIFOLIA, N. ab E., DC. Prod 11, 247. Herbaceous, 
 erect ; stem quadrangular ; leaves lanceolate, attenuated at both 
 
190 
 
 ends, serrulate, ciliated ; flowers sessile in the axils, verticelled, blue, 
 surrounded by rigid spines. In swampy places, very common. 
 Syn. Barleria longifolia, Linn. Amcen. Acad. iv, p 320; VVilld. sp. 
 iii, p 375. It is a kind of religious service among the Hindoos 
 to collect a lac of these flowers to present them to their idols. 
 The ceremony is called " Lackotee." The seeds have considerable 
 diuretic powers, and are called " Talimkhana." 
 
 19. NEURACANTHUS, N. ab E. 
 
 1. SPH^EROSTACHYUS, Dalz. in Hook. Jour. Bot. ii, 140. Stems 
 many, from a perennial root, erect, simple, obtusely quadrangular, 
 pubescent and scabrous ; leaves opposite, oblong-truncate or sub- 
 cordate at the base, obtuse at the apex, pubescent and scabrous 
 on both sides ; spikes in the opposite axils sessile, globose, densely 
 silky and tomentose ; bracts orbicular, suddenly acuminate, reticu- 
 lately veined ; corolla blue, subentire ; the limb ventricose and rotate. 
 Malabar Hill; Island of Caranjah, &c. Syn. Lepidagathis sphaero- 
 stachya, N. ab E. in DC. Prod. 11, p 254 (?) ; IN lawii, Wight 
 Ic. t. 1532. 
 
 2. TRINERVIUS, Wight Ic. PI. t. 1532. Branches round, 
 glabrous, and shining; leaves shortly-petioled, subobovate-mu- 
 cronate, glabrous ; spikes axillary, secund, dense, terminal one as 
 long as the leaves ; bracts ovate-acute, coriaceous, densely hairy, 
 3 to 5-nerved ; calycine lobes lanceolate, pubescent ; corolla 
 obsoletely 5-lobed ; flowers small, blue. Hills near Alibaug, &c. 
 
 20. LEPIDAGATHIS, Willd. 
 
 1. GRANDIFLORA, Dalz. in Hook. Jour. Bot. ii, 138. Stem 
 erect, suffruticose, quadrangular, glabrous, 3 to 4 feet high ; leaves 
 ovate-acuminate, entire, glabrous, attenuated into the petiole ; 
 spikes axillary and terminal, simple or trifid, long, slender, densely 
 woolly ; bracts, bracteoles, and upper lip of calyx of the same shape, 
 obtuse, 3-nerved, reticulately veined, woolly; corolla deeply bilabiate, 
 large, blue, with 2 lines of yellow hairs in the throat. The Ghauts. 
 
 2. PROSTRATA, Dalz. loc. cit. Stem shrubby, creeping and 
 rooting, glabrous, obtusely quadrangular; younger branches softly 
 tomentose ; leaves small, sessile, opposite or tern, elliptic, spinous- 
 pointed, younger ones tomentose ; bracts, bracteoles, and calyx 
 segments lanceolate, spinous-pointed ; spikes rarely axillary, more 
 frequently terminal and simple at the apex of short ascending 
 branches. Mai wan. 
 
 3. LUTEA, Dalz. loc. cit. Stems several, erect, filiform, dicho- 
 tomously branched from the base, velvetty and tomentose ; leaves 
 
191 
 
 linear-folded, 3-nerved, minutely hispid above, glabrous beneath ; 
 spikes clustered about the root, velvetty and tomentose ; bracts 
 ovate-orbicular, with a long spinous point ; anterior and posterior 
 segments of calyx rhomb-cuneate, spinous-pointed, lateral ones 
 linear; flowers small, yellow. Mai wan, on rocks ; leaves 2 inches 
 long, 2 lines broad. 
 
 4. MITIS, Dalz. loc. cit. iii, 226. Stem branched, diffuse; 
 branches trichotomous, glabrous, almost 4-sided ; leaves sessile, 
 linear-oblong, acute, glabrous on both sides, minutely ciliated on 
 the margin; spikes clustered about the root into a ball 2 to 3 
 inches in diameter ; bracts acuminated from a broad base ; bracte- 
 oles and calyx-segments linear-acute, all without points, somewhat 
 cartilaginous, smooth at the base, silky and villous at the lip ; 
 flowers white, spotted with pink and yellow. On rocks at Fonda 
 Ghaut; flowers in November. 
 
 5. CLAVATA, Dalz. loc. cit. ii, 340. Stems several, from a 
 woody root 1 foot, high, simple, ascending, obtusely quadrangular, 
 glabrous, naked at the base ; spikes terminal, solitary, simple, 
 oblong quadrangular ; leaves small, sessile, ovate-acuminate, 
 spinous-pointed, glabrous, entire, coriaceous, rigid ; bracts densely 
 imbricated in 4 rows, of the same shape HS the leaves, along 
 with the bracteoles and calyx, silky and tomentose. Chorla 
 Ghaut. 
 
 6. RIGIDA, Dalz. loc. cit. p 341. Stem erect, suffruticose, 
 covered with soft, spreading hairs ; leaves linear-lanceolate, folded, 
 gradually attenuated into the base, glandular and pubescent on 
 both sides ; spikes terminal on the short branchlets, cylindric, 1 to 
 1 J inch long, compound at the base, glandular and pubescent ; 
 bracts linear-subulate, calyx 4-divided; dorsal segment oblong-acute, 
 3-nerved, anterior divided to the middle, lateral subulate, all spi- 
 nous-pointed ; leaves 3 to 4 inches long. Ram. Ghaut. 
 
 7. GCENSIS, Dalz. loc. cit. p 340. Stem herbaceous, dichoto- 
 mous, diffuse ; leaves broadly ovate-acute, 1 j to 2 inches long, 
 softly pubescent, repand-dentate ; spikes terminal on bitrifid 
 peduncles, lax, few-flowered, 1 to 1 J inch long ; bracts broadly 
 ovate, rather obtuse ; bracteoles linear, and with the calycine 
 segments densely glandular, pubescent. The Warree Country ; 
 closely allied to L fasciculata, N. ab E. A native of Ceylon. 
 
 8. CRISTATA, Willd. sp. PI iii. 1, p 400. Stem suffruticose, 
 diffuse ; leaves lanceolate or oblong ; spikes all clustered about the 
 root, in a subglobose head of various sizes ; bracts arid bracteoles 
 oblong-attenuated, mucronate ; calyx 4-divided ; segments acuminate, 
 bristle-pointed, lower one bifid ; corolla 4 lines long, pubescent, 
 whitish. Wight Ic. 455 ; Roxb. Cor. PL t. 267. 
 
192 
 
 21. .CTHEILEMA, R. Br. 
 
 1. RENIFORME, N. ab E. in DC. Prod. 11, p 261. Stem 
 herbaceous ; leaves ovate, unequal at the base, repand, pubescent, 
 one of the pair smaller ; spike bearing branches axillary, shorter 
 than the leaves ; bracts kidney-shaped, membranous, ciliated, as 
 well as the upper ovate division of the calyx ; flowers whitish, 
 scarcely longer than the calyx. At Banda, in the Warree Country, 
 and the Ghauts generally. Syn. Kuellia imbricata, Vahl. Symb. ii, 
 p 73; R dosiflora, Retz. Obs. vi, p 31 ; R glutinosa, Roxb. ; 
 Aeth. parviflorum, Spr. syst. ii, 826; Phaylopsis parviflora, Willd. 
 sp. iii, 342. 
 
 22. BLEPHARIS, Juss. 
 
 1. MOLLUGINIFOLIA, Juss. Pers. Syn. ii, p 180. Hispid and 
 bristly ; stem creeping ; leaves in fours, oblon^-sublinear, densely 
 serrulate, scabrous on the margin, the two opposite one half smaller ; 
 flowers axillary, alternate, sessile ; bracteoles boat-shaped, pointed 
 with a bristle, and strongly ciliated. Bassein ; the Concans gene- 
 rally. Syn. B repens, Roth. nov. sp. 321 ; Acanthus repens, V r ahl. 
 Symb. ii, 76. 
 
 2. BCERHAAVIFOLIA, Juss., DC. Prod. 11, p 266. Stem creep- 
 ing ; leaves in fours, ovate-rhomboid or oblong, repand-dentate, the 
 two opposite smaller; flowers axillary, sessile or peduncled; brac- 
 teoles flat, wedjje-shaped, ciliated with bristles at the apex ; flowers 
 pale-blue, with a yellow spot on the under lip. A common weed. 
 Syn. B madraspatensis, Var. B. Roth. nov. sp. p 320 ; B procum- 
 bens, Hoth. loc. cit. 
 
 3. ASPERRIMA, N. ab E., DC. Prod. 1 1, p 267. Stem herba- 
 ceous, suberect ; leaves oblong or ovate, entire or remotely 
 denticulate, opposite; bracteoles in fours, white, with green veins, 
 cuneiform, trifid, and lanceolate ; flowers blue, solitary, or in pairs 
 in the opposite axils, subsessile. Very common on the Ghauts. 
 
 23. DILIVARIA, Juss. 
 
 1. TLICIFOLIA, Juss. Gen. p 103. A shrub, 2 to 4 feet high, 
 spinous or unarmed, glabrous ; leaves elliptic-sinuate, dentate- 
 spinous, waved, ending acutely in a short petiole; spike many- 
 flowered ; flowers blue, with bracts and bracteoles, very like the 
 English Holly in its foliage. In salt marshes, common, Syn. 
 Acanthus dolvaria, Blanco in Fl Philipp. p 487 ; A ilicifolius, Blume 
 Bijdr. p 806 ; A malabaricus, Petiver. 
 
193 
 
 24. CROSSANDRA, Salisb. 
 
 1. AXILLARIS, N. ab E. in DC. Prod. 11, p 281. Shrubby, 
 erect; leaves in fours, oblong, glabrous, rather smooth; spikes 
 axillary, alternate, shorter than the leaf; bracts pubescent, scabrous, 
 naked on the margins ; spike tetragonal; flowers orange-coloured. 
 About Dharwar, Wight Ic. t. 460. 
 
 25. ROSTELLULARIA, Reichen. 
 
 1. R PEPLOTDES, N. ab E. in Wall. PL As. rar. iii, p 101. 
 Branches diffuse, spreading ; leaves ovate-obtuse, glabrous ; spikes 
 dense at the apex, interrupted and leafy at the base ; bracts, 
 bracteoles, and calyx-segments oblong- spathulate, with white 
 margins ; whole plant smooth and glaucous. About watercourses 
 in the Deccan. 
 
 2. DIFFUSA, N. ab E. DC. Prod. 11, 371. Stem procumbent, 
 diffuse; leaves lanceolate-elliptic or rounded, glabrous or sparingly 
 hairy ; spikes compressed, slender ; calycine-segments lanceolate, 
 membranous on the margin, minutely ciliated ; bracts of the same 
 shape, and shorter than the calyx ; flowers small, pale-purple. In 
 pastures, common. Syn. Justicia diffusa, Wild. sp. PI i, p 87 ; 
 J procumbens, Vahl. Enum. i, p 140. 
 
 3. PROCUMBENS, N. ab E. loc. cit. Stem procumbent or 
 ascending ; leaves from ovate to lanceolate, ciliated, hairy ; spikes 
 subtetragonal ; calyx-segments and bracts lanceolate, linear, equal, 
 hairy ciliated. Very like the last, of which it is probably merely 
 a variety. 
 
 4. CUINITA, N. ab E. DC. Prod. 11, p .373. Stern pro- 
 cumbent, ascending, trichotomous, pubescent; leaves elliptic or 
 ovate, hairy; spikes terminal, sessile, short ; apices of the calyx- 
 segments and the setaceous equal ; bracts very rough, with spreading 
 hairs; flowers pale-purple, very small; capsule oval, glabrous, 
 white. Vingorla ; flowers in August. Dr. Thomas Anderson, 
 who has paid considerable attention to this genus in Ceylon, 
 considers Rotundifolia, Procumbens, Crinita, and Royeniana, as 
 varieties of one species. 
 
 26. ADIIATODA, N. ab~E. 
 
 1 . RAMOSISSIMA, N. ab E. in DC. Prod. 1 1, p 385. Shrubby, 
 creeping ; leaves broadly ovate, obtusely acuminated, glabrous ; 
 spikes axillary and terminal, secund, rather lax ; bracts and 
 bracteoles ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, glabrous, white, reticulated 
 with green veins ; flowers of a dull-white colour. Common on the 
 higher Ghauts. Syn. Justicia ramosissima, Roxb. Fl Ind. i,p 130. 
 25 c 
 
194 
 
 2. TRINERVIA, N. ab E. loc. cit. Suffruticose ; stem procum- 
 bent ; leaves lanceolate or oval, obtuse sessile, glabrous ; spikes 
 terminal secund, slender ; bracts and bracteoles oblong-lanceolate, 
 acuminate, reticulately veined, much smaller than the last species. 
 On Wag Donger, near Vingorla. Syn. Justicia trinervia, Vahl. 
 Enum. i, p 156 ; Dicliptera trinervia, Juss. Ann. Mus. ix, p 169. 
 
 3. VASICA, N. ab E. loc. cit. p 387. A shrub, 4 to 5 feet high ; 
 leaves elliptic-oblong, attenuated: at both ends, glabrous ; spikes 
 axillary, opposite, ovate, long-ped uncled ; bracts herbaceous, 
 glabrous, ovate ; flowers rather large, white, with brown spots. On 
 the Ghauts, pretty common. Used in making hedges in Gujarat and 
 Ghaut villages. Roxburgh says the wood is good for making 
 charcoal for gunpowder. Syn. Justicia adhatoda, Linn. Fl Zeyl. 
 p 16. 
 
 4. WYNAADENSIS, N. ab E. in DC. Prod. 11, p 406. Shrubby ; 
 stems long, slender, terete,* smooth ; leaves oblong, attenuated at 
 both ends, lower ones crenate-dentate ; spikes axillary, spreading 
 and drooping, glandular and pubescent ; flowers solitary, opposite, 
 pubescent, quarter of an inch long ; bracts ovate deciduous ; 
 bracteoles linear-subulate, shorter than the calyx. Jungly parts of 
 the Concan, common. Syn. Gendarussa wynaadensis, N. ab E. in 
 Wall. PI As. rar. iii, p 104. 
 
 27. HEMICHORISTE, N. ab E. 
 
 1. H MONTANA, N. ab E. in PI As. rar. iii, p 102. Shrubby, 
 smooth ; leaves large, oblong-entire, attenuated into the petiole ; 
 thyrsus of whitish flowers, terminal, six inches to a foot in length ; 
 corolla upwards of "an inch long. The Ghauts, pretty common. This 
 may be easily mistaken for an Adhatoda, which it much resembles. 
 
 28. JUSTICIA, N. ab E., Linn. 
 
 1. ECBOLIUM, Linn. Fl Zeyl. p 17. Shrubby; leaves elliptic- 
 oblong, attenuated at both ends, pubescent or glabrous; spikes 
 terminal, tetragonal ; bracts oval, quite entire, ciliated, mucronate, 
 as long as the capsule ; flowers greenish or azure- coloured ; capsule 
 half an inch long. Hills throughout the Concans ; Island of 
 Bombay. Bot. Mag. t. 1847. 
 
 29. RHINACANTHUS, N. ab E. 
 
 1. COMMUNIS, N. ab E. in DC. Prod. 11, p 442. Shrubby, 
 4 to 5 feet high ; leaves oblong or ovate-oblong ; panicles axillary 
 and terminal, bitrichotomous, spreading ; flowers small, white ; 
 corolla with a long, slender, compressed tube. Mahableshwur ; 
 
195 
 
 generally to be found in gardens. The roots, rubbed up with 
 lime-juice and pepper, are used to cure Ringworms ; the roots 
 boiled in milk are reckoned by native doctors aphrodisiacal. 
 Syn. Justicia nasuta, Linn. sp. PL p 63 ; J scandens, Vahl. Symb. 
 ii, p 7. ; J sylvatica, Lour. Cochin i, p 26 ; Dianthera paniculata, 
 Lour. Cochin i, p 32. 
 
 30. ERANTHEMUM, Linn. 
 
 1. ROSEUM, Rcem. and Schult. syst. i, p 175. Leaves elliptic, 
 glabrous, scabrous on the veins beneath ; spikes axillary-peduncled, 
 imbricated ; bracts oval, somewhat wedge-shaped, acute, ciliated, 
 with long hairs, reticulately veined. Around Bombay, Perottet. 2; 
 leaves 5 inches long, 2 broad ; corolla 1| inch long. 
 
 2. NERVOSUM, R." Br. Prod, p 333. Stem quadrangular ; 
 leaves ovate or elliptic, acuminated at both ends, subcrenate or 
 entire, glabrous ; spikes axillary, opposite, imbricated ; bracts 
 elliptic, long and acutely cuspidate, reticulated with veins ; 
 diameter of the limb of the corolla as long as the tube; flowers 
 blue. The Concans. Syn. E pulchellum, Roxb Fl Ind. i, p 111 ; 
 Justicia nervosa, Vahl. Enum. i, 164; Bot. Mag. t. 1358; J 
 pulchella, Roxb. PI Cor. p 41, t. 111. 
 
 3. MONTANUM, Roxb. Fl. Ind. i, 110. Stem quadrangular ; 
 leaves oblong, attenuated at both ends, repand-crenate, glabrous ; 
 peduncles terminal, trichotomous, and the spikes pubescent and 
 viscid ; bracts lanceolate, attenuated, ciliated. The Ghauts near 
 Dharvvar. Syn. E capense fol. lanceolato-ovatis petiolatis, Linn. 
 Fl Zeyl. No. 15; Willd. sp. PI. i, p 51 ; Wight Ic. t. 466 ; Bot. 
 Mag. t. 4031 ; E montanum, Roxb. ; E fastigiatum, Spr. syst. i, 
 89 ; Justicia fastigiata, Lam. Illust. p 41. 
 
 4. CRENULATUM, Wall, in Bot. Reg. t. 879. Shrubby, erect ; 
 leaves oblong, acuminated at both ends, repand-crenate, glabrous ; 
 raceme terminal, simple or compound, or several axillary aggregat- 
 ed simple ; flowers somewhat fascicled, subverticelled or secund, 
 white ; bracts and bracteoles subulate, short, and with the calyx 
 glandular and scabrous. In the Warree jungles. Syn. Justicia 
 latifolia, Vahl. Symb. ii, p 4; Willd. sp. PI i, 88 ; E dianthemm, 
 Blume Bijdr. p 792. 
 
 31. RUNGIA. 
 
 1. PARviFLORA,N.abE.inDC. Prod. ll,p 469. Stem diffuse 
 or creeping ; leaves oval or lanceolate, rather obtuse ; fertile bracts 
 suborbicular, mucronate or unpointed, nerved and veined, glabrous, 
 ciliated, with membranous margin, sterile ones oval or oblong, 
 margined on one or both sides, acute ciliated ; bracteoles membra- 
 nous margined, emarginate mucronate ; corolla small, upper lip 
 
196 
 
 acute; flowers of a fine blue. Common. Syn. Justicia parviflora, 
 Retz. Obs. v, p 9; J pectiuata, Roxb. Cor. t. 153; Fl Ind. non 
 Linn. 
 
 2. POLYGONOIDES, N. ab E. loc. cit. p471. Stem creeping 
 at the base; common bracts suborbicular, mucronulate, 3-nerved ; 
 bracteoles boat-shaped, ciliated, and with a broad, membranous 
 margin ; leaves unequal, obtuse, lower oval, upper lanceolate. 
 A plant like Polygonum aurculare ; spikes axillary, clustered; 
 gathered in Bombay by Polydore Uoux. ; spikes subglobose, of the 
 size of a pea. 
 
 3. KEPKNS, N. ab E. loc. cit. p 472. Leaves oblong, lanceolate- 
 acute ; stem creeping ; bracts ovate-cuspidate, without nerves, 
 with a broad, white margin, subciliated ; bracteoles lanceolate ; 
 flowers small, pink. Very common all over the Presidency. Syn. 
 Justicia repens, Linn. Fl. Zeyl. p 20; Roxb. PI. Ind. i, 133; 
 Dicliptera repens, Rcern. and Schult. syst. i, 171 ; D retusa, Juss. 
 Ann. Mus. ix, 269. 
 
 4. R ELKGANS, Dalz. Stem somewhat angular, covered with 
 soft, white hairs ; leaves sessile-ovate or ovate lanceolate-acuminate, 
 puberulous on the upper surface, pale beneath, with prominent 
 nerves ; flowers in a sessile terminal spike, 1 inch long ; bracts all 
 broad, ovate-cuspidate, ciliate, with a broad, white, scarious margin ; 
 flowers large for the genus, of a beautiful blue, half an inch long ; 
 capsule ovoid, glabrous, 4-seeded. High hills around Joonere; 
 flowers in August. 
 
 32. DICLIPTERA, Juss. 
 
 1. BIVALVIS, Juss. in Ann. Mus. ix, p 268. Leaves ovate 
 oblong-acute at the base, hispid and scabrous ; peduncles axillary, 
 longer than the petiole, trifid, heads 2 to 3-flowered ; bracts ovate, 
 somewhat rounded, dilated, bristle-pointed, 5-nerved, hispid, mar- 
 gins naked ; corolla half an inch long, pubescent, pink-coloured ; 
 branches hexangular. Syn. Justicia bivalvis, Linn. sp. PI. i, p 23 ; 
 Vahl. Symb. ii, p 13. 
 
 2. BURMANNI, N. ab E. DC. Prod. 11, p 483. Stem obso- 
 letely quadrangular ; branches pubescent and scabrous ; leaves 
 oval or lanceolate-acute at both ends, mucronate ; umbels axillary, 
 simply or doubly in fours or fives, very shortly-peduncled ; proper 
 involucre 2-leaved; leaflets unequal, spathulate, lanceolate, pointed 
 with a bristle, ciliated ; capsule orbicular. Syn. Justicia chinensis, 
 Burm. Fl. Ind. p 8, t. 4,f. 1 ; Vahl. Symb. i, p 4. 
 
 3. ROXBURGHIANA, N. ab E. DC. Prod. 11, p 483. Leaves 
 ovate, acute at both ends ; umbels axillary, in fours or fives, 3 to 5- 
 divided ; leaflets of proper involucre unequal, obovate mucronulate, 
 
197 
 
 ciliated, 3-nerved, veined ; capsule oval, somewhat rounded, 
 compressed, hirsute, very like the preceding. Syn. Dicliptera 
 chinensis, Roem. and Schultz syst. i, 146 ; Justicia chinensis, Roxb. 
 Fl Ind. i, 125. 
 
 4. MICRANTHES, N. ab E. loc. cit. p 484. Leaves ovate-acumi- 
 nated ; umbels axillary, subsessile, 3 to 5-divided ; flowers in heads 
 of three ; leaflets of proper involucre unequal, sessile, oblong, partial 
 ones in fours, lanceolate-pointed, ciliated ; capsule sessile, oblong, 
 tetragonal; seeds glochidiate. Gujarat; on Sagurghur, near Ali- 
 baug. Syn. Justicia chinensis, Vahl. Symb. ii, p 13 ; D spinulosa, 
 Hcehott. in Kotsch. it. Nub. ; J cuspidata, Vahl. Symb. ii, p 9. 
 
 33. PERISTOPHE, N. ab E. 
 
 1. BICALYCULATA, N. ab E. DC. Prod. 9, p 496. Stem 
 hexagonal, rough and hairy ; leaves ovate-acuminate, glabrous or 
 puberulous; peduncles axillary, bitrifid, their branches dichoto- 
 mous ; flowers solitary; common involucre of one leaf linear, 
 double the length of the flower-head ; calyx small, membranaceous ; 
 corolla rosy, pubescent, nearly half an inch long. A common weed. 
 Syn. Justicia bicalyculata, Vahl. Symb. ii, p 13; Roxb. Fl. Ind. i, 
 127 ; J malabarica, Ait. liort. Kew. i, 27 ; Dianthera malabarica, 
 Linn. Suppl. JNo. 85. 
 
 34. HYPCESTES. 
 
 1. LANATA, Dalz. in Hook. Jour. Bot. ii, 343. SufTruticose ; 
 stem glabrous, ascending, geniculate ; leaves lanceolate-acuminate, 
 entire, slightly hispid above, glabrous beneath ; branches of the 
 inflorescence trichotomous, covered with a white wool ; heads few- 
 flowered, 1 to 3, sessile in the opposite axils of the floral leaves; 
 flowers light-purple. In Northern Concan ; near Rohe. 
 
 35. HAPLANTHUS. 
 
 1. VERTICILLARIS, N. ab E. in DC. Prod. 11, p 513. Stem 
 herbaceous, simple, erect, naked and smooth at the base; leaves 
 ovate-oblong, attenuated at both ends; branches assuming the form 
 of short, rigid spines, which are bifid at the apex ; flowers of a pale- 
 lilac, half an inch long ; Syn. Justicia verticillata, Roxb. Fl 
 Ind. i, 135. 
 
 2. TENTACULATUS, N. ab E. loc. cit. Leaves oval-obtuse, 
 smaller than in the preceding ; axillary branches verticelled, bifid, 
 longer than the leaves. A much stouter species than the preceding. 
 Jungles in the Concan ; rarer than the preceding. Syn Ruellia 
 tentaculata, Linn, sp. PI 826 ; R aciculata, Roth. nov. sp. 301. 
 
198 
 
 36. ANDROGRAPHIS. 
 
 1. PANICUL.VTA, N. ab E. loc. cit. p 515. Stem erect, 4-sided, 
 smooth; leaves lanceolate, attenuated into the petiole, entire, 
 smooth, 2 to 3 inches long ; racemes terminal, horizontal, long, 
 secund; flowers remote, rose-coloured, long-pedicelled ; capsules 
 subcylindric, many-seeded. Syn. Justicia paniculata, Burm. Fl 
 Ind. p 9; Roxb. Fl Ind. i, 119; Cara caniram, Rheed. Mai. iv, 
 p 109, t. 56. This is the Kreat of the Indian bazars, so famous 
 as a substitute for Gentian. Kreat or Chiryata, however, is the 
 original name of some species of Ophelia which grow on the 
 Himalayas, and which are used in the same manner as bitter 
 tonics. The virtues are extracted by cold water. 
 
 2. A ECHIOIDES, N. ab E. in Wall. PL As. rar. iii, p 117. 
 Herbaceous, hirsute ; leaves oblong-subsessile, entire or slightly 
 crenate ; racemes, or rather spikes, axillary, rigid-spreading ; 
 flowers whitish, with dark-purple spots, secund ; capsules 4-seeded. 
 In the sides of ravines in the Deccan, not very common ; flowers 
 in August and September. Syn. Justicia echioides, Linn. Fl Zeyl. p 
 21. This appears to be much commoner in other parts of India. 
 
 CIV. VERBENACEJE. 
 
 1. PRIVA, Adans. 
 
 1. LEPTOSTACHYA, Juss. Ann. Mus. vii, p 70. Perennial; stem 
 and branches puberulous ; leaves subcordate, ovate-acuminate, 
 coarsely crenate-serrate, hispid on both sides, pale beneath ; fruit 
 bearing calyx subglobose, hoary, with hooked pubescence ; capsules 
 obcordate ; flowers small, white, in terminal racemes. On old walls 
 at Dapoorie, Lush. Syn. Tortula aspera, Roxb. in Willd. sp. PI 
 iii, p 359 ; Streptium asperum, Roxb. Cor. ii, p 25, t. 146. 
 
 2. LIPPIA, Linn. 
 
 1. NODIFLORA, Rich, in Michx. Fl Eor. Am. ii, p 25. Creep- 
 ing, all strigose, with adpressed hairs ; stems filiform ; leaves 
 cuneate-spathulate, sharply serrated in the upper half; peduncles 
 axillary, solitary; heads of flowers ovoid, and afterwards cylindric. 
 Common in grassy and sandy places. Syn. Verbena nodiflora, 
 Linn. sp. PI p 28 ; V capitata, Forsk. Descr. p 10 ; Blairia nodiflora, 
 Gaert. Fr. t. 56; Zapania nodiflora, Lam. Illust. t. 17, /. 3. 
 
 3. LANTANA, Linn. 
 
 1. ALBA, Mill. Ex. Link. Enum. PI Hort. Berol. ii, p 126. 
 Shrubby, erect, straight ; branches twiggy, 4-sided, strigose and 
 
199 
 
 hairy ; leaves opposite, short-petioled, elliptic or rounded-ovate 
 or subcordate, acuminated at ends, coarsely serrate-crenate, much 
 wrinkled, scabrous above, hoary and villous beneath ; peduncles 
 axillary, spreading, thickened upwards; heads of flowers hemi- 
 spherical, lioht-purple ; throat yellow, scentless ; fruit dark-violet, of 
 the size of a pea. About Dharwar, and other parts of Deccan, thinly 
 scattered. Syn. L indica, Roxb. Fl Ind. iii, p 89 ; L dubia, Royle 
 Illust. Him. PI, t. 73, /. 3 ; L collina, DeCaisne in Jacq. voy. t. 141. 
 
 4. SYMPHOREMA, Roxb. 
 
 1. INVOLUCRATUM, Roxb. Fl Ind. ii, p 262. Stem woody, 
 climbing ; branches, inflorescence, and underside of the leaf covered 
 with soft tomentum ; leaves opposite, short-petioled, oval or round- 
 ed-elliptic> obtuse at the base, 3-nerved, with a short, obtuse, 
 acumen, the margin almost entire, or irregularly repand-toothed or 
 serrate ; inflorescence terminal panicled, consisting of long-peduncled 
 bifid cymes ; involucre 6 to 8/seeded, 7 to 9-flowered ; flowers 
 white. The Concans, between Nagotna and Alibaug. 
 
 5. TECTONA, Linn/Fil. 
 
 1. GRA.NDIS, Linn. Fil. Suppl. p 151. The Teak tree ; branches 
 quadrangular ; leaves opposite, large, ovate or subelliptic-acumi- 
 nated, short-petioled, shining above ; cymes axillary, dichotomous, 
 or collected in a terminal panicle ; flowers numerous, small, white ; 
 drupes enclosed in the inflated calyx ; nut 4-celled, one-seed in 
 each ; seeds thick, oily. Endlicher states that the flowers are 
 diuretics ; that the foliage supplies a red dye, which is true. The 
 timber has no rival for durability ; it abounds in oil and silex. The 
 Tunuj (Dalbergia oojeinensis) is, perhaps, superior to Teak. 
 
 6. PREMNA, Linn. 
 
 1. CORDIFOLIA, Roxb. Fl Ind. iii, p 78. A thick, bushy 
 shrub, erect, 3 to 6 feet high ; branches twiggy, villous ; leaves 
 short-petioled, cordate or cordate-ovate acuminated, quite entire, 
 shining above; panicle of flowers small, terminal, in a close 
 corymb; flowers greenish-white; drupe like a pea; nuts rough; 
 flowers appear in April and May. Kandalla. The leaves smell 
 like Colts-foot, Graham. 
 
 2. SCAN DENS, Roxb. Fl Ind. iii, p 82. A large, climbing 
 shrub ; branches and cymes pubescent ; leaves ovate-oblong or 
 subcordate, cuspidate-acuminate, quite entire, glabrous, shining 
 above ; panicle terminal ; corymbose rather large ; flowers very 
 small, greenish-white ; drupe like a pea, black, smooth. Kandalla. 
 
200 
 
 3. LATIFOLIA, Roxb. loc. cit. p 76. A shrub, erect-branched ; 
 leaves petioled, rounded-cordate or oval, quite entire, or obsoletely 
 repand in the upper part ; panicles corymbose, terminal and axillary ; 
 flowers small, greenish ; the flowers appear in July. Very common 
 in hedges in the Concan. 
 
 7. CALLICARPA, Linn. 
 
 1. CANA, Linn. Mant. *ii, p 196. A tall shrub ; branches, 
 peduncles, and petioles covered with white down ; leaves lanceolate- 
 elliptic or ovate-oblong, short-petioled, obtuse or rounded at the 
 base, entire or crenate-wrinkled, hoary and tomentose beneath ; 
 cymes axillary, many-flowered, dichotomously branched ; the 
 peduncle shorter than the petiole ; flowers pale-red, appear in 
 February and March. Common on the Ghauts ; leaves to 1 foot 
 long, 2 to 4 inches broad. The bark is subaromatic and slightly 
 bitter, Graham. Syn. C heynei, Roth. nov. sp. p 82 ; C wallich- 
 iana, Walp. in Wight Ic. t. 1480. 
 
 8. CLERODENDRON, Linn. 
 
 1. PHLOMOIDES, Linn. Suppl, p 292. A large shrub; leaves 
 opposite, membranaceous, ovate or oval-rhomboid acuminate, 
 rather obtuse, irregularly and bluntly serrated in the middle of the 
 margins ; panicles terminal, leafy below ; cymes trichotomous lax ; 
 flowers white, fragrant. Very common in hedges throughout 
 Gujarat ; the Deccan. 
 
 2. SERRATUM, Spr. syst. Veg. ii, 758. Suffruticose ; branchlets 
 quadrangular, furrowed, glabrous ; leaves opposite or in threes, 
 papery, obovate-oblong or lanceolate, remotely serrate-toothed ; 
 panicles terminal, raceme-like, hoary and farinaceous ; flowers pale- 
 blue. Meera hills, near Penn; Kandalla and Malml districts. Native 
 name " Barungee." Syn. Volkameria serrata, Linn. Mant. 1, p 
 90 ; V farinosa, Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii, 64 ; C ternifolium, Don 
 Prod. Fl Nep. 103; C javanicum, Walp. Rep. iv, p 113. 
 
 3. INFORTUNATUM, Linn. Fl Zeyl. p 232. An under-shrub, 
 2 to 3 feet high; branchlets quadrangular; leaves long-petioled, 
 rounded or ovate-cordate, the upper ones ovate-entire or dentate- 
 btrigose, and hairy on both sides; panicle terminal, large-spreading, 
 naked ; flowers white ; the calyces increasing and turning red after 
 the flower withers; drupe black, within the increased calyx. Com- 
 mon at Vingorla, Belgaum, &c. Syn. Volkameria infortunata, 
 Roxb. Fl Ind. iii, 59; C viscosum, Vent. Jard. de Malm. t. 25; 
 Petasites agrestis, Rumph. Amb. iv, p 180. 
 
 4. INERME, R. Br. in Ait. Hort. Kew. iv, p 65. A weak, 
 climbing branched shrub ; leaves small, smooth, shining, oval or 
 
201 
 
 elliptic ; cymes axillary, as long as the leaf, 3-flowered, collected 
 into a terminal corymbose panicle ; flowers white ; the tubes long 
 and slender. Common along the Coast, near the sea. Syn. Volka- 
 meria inermis, Linn. Fl Zeyl. p 231 ; C buxifolium, Spr. syst. ii, 750. 
 
 9. GMELINA. 
 
 1. ARBOREA, Roxb. Fl Ind. iii, 84. An unarmed tree; branch- 
 lets and young leaves covered with a mealy tomentum ; leaves long- 
 petioled, cordate-acuminate, quite entire, when old smooth above, 
 tomentose and ashy beneath; panicles terminal and axillary, 
 tomentose, racemed; cymes few-flowered; flowers yellow, about an 
 inch long, with a wide mouth. Drupe yellow when ripe. Common 
 in the Concans ; yields a valuable wood, light and strong ; some 
 specimens somewhat resemble Satinwood. Syn. Premna arborea, 
 Roth. nov. sp. p 287. Grows remarkably well in Sind, where it was 
 introduced by Dr. Gibson. Its cultivation ought to be encouraged, 
 as, perhaps, no wood combines so much lightness and strength. 
 
 10. VITEX. 
 
 1. BICOLOR, Willd. Enum. Hort.*Ber. p 606. A shrub; 
 branchlets, panicle, and underside of the leaves white, with a fine 
 tomentum; leaves petioled, 3 to 5-foliol ate ; leaflets lanceolate, long- 
 acuminated, entire or coarsely cut and crenated ; panicle terminal, 
 pyramidal ; flowers light-blue ; berry black, size of pea. A 
 very common shrub. Native name " Neergoonda." This is No. 
 1150 of Graham's Catalogue. 
 
 2. ALATA, Heyne in Roth. nov. sp. 316. A small tree; 
 branchlets with obtuse angles, densely tomentose ; leaves trifoliolate ; 
 the petiole with a broad wing; leaflets ovate or elliptic-oblong, 
 narrow at both ends, acuminate, quite entire, subcoriaceous, shining 
 above, pubescent or hoary and glandular-dotted beneath ; panicle 
 terminal-compound, spreading pyramidal ; flowers pale-yellow, 
 tinged with blue ; petioles three inches long, with a broad-veined 
 wing. Southern Maratha country, Law. ; Wursai jungles. 
 
 3. ALTISSMIA, Linn. Fil. Suppl. 294. A large tree, with the 
 branchlets quadrangular, compressed, and channelled ; petioles and 
 back of the leaf white, with a short, woolly pubescence ; leaves 
 long-petioled, trifoliolate ; leaflets elliptic or elliptic-oblong, acumi- 
 nated at both ends, entire ; panicle hoary, with a dense tomentum, 
 terminal, compound, spreading, pyramidal ; cymes interruptedly 
 verticelled ,- corolla small, lower lip woolly ; flowers white, tinged 
 with blue. Ravine near Nagotna ; in Canara, plentiful. 
 
 4. LEUCOXYLON, Linn. Fil Suppl. 293. A small tree ; leaves 
 26 c 
 
202 
 / 
 
 long-petioled, 3 to 5-foliolate ; leaflets elliptic or ovate-oblong, 
 shortly and obtusely acuminated, attenuated into the petiole, entire 
 subcoriaceous, shining and glabrous above ; cymes axillary, long- 
 ped uncled ; corymbose, many-flowered ; lower lip of corolla densely 
 woolly; drupe large, obovate, black when ripe. Warree Country ; 
 flowers in February. Southern Concan, Kandalla, Southern 
 Maratha Country. Native name " Sherus." Syn. Wall. Rothia 
 leucoxylon; Roth. nov. sp. 317, Deccan, rare. 
 
 CV. QBOBANCHACEm 
 
 1. PHELIP^EA, Tournef. 
 
 1. P INDICA, G. Don syst. iv. p 632. Scape simple or 
 branched, with scales here and there ; calyx 4-toothed ; teeth 
 lanceolate-subulate from a broad base ; corol tubular, infundibuli- 
 form, curved, purple, widened in the throat ; flowers spiked, terminal, 
 parasitic. On Tobacco plants in Deccan and Guzerat; found also 
 in the Caucasus, whence it may have come with Tobacco plants 
 originally. Syn. Orobanche indica, Roxb. Fl Ind. in, p 27. 
 
 2. ^EGINETIA, Linn. 
 
 1. M INDICA, Roxb. Cor. PI. 1, p 63, t. 91. Scape simple 
 elongated, naked, bearing at its apex a large, curved, purple flower, 
 something like a tobacco-pipe ; calyx spathe-like, lax, split in front, 
 acute. Parasitic on the roots of bushes. Kandalla, Salsette, &c. 
 Wight Ic. 895. 
 
 3. CHRISTISONIA, Wight. 
 
 1. C STOCKSII, Hook. Ic. PL v ix, t. 836. Scape thick, 
 fleshy, imbricately scaly; scales broadly ovate, concave-obtuse ; 
 flowers racemose ; pedicels elongated, erect, without bracts; calyx 
 tubular, cylindric ; limb 5-divided ; lobes triangular, rather obtuse ; 
 corolla pubescent, of a bluish-white colour; the lobes spreading 
 and rounded. Parasitic on the roots of Strobilanthes ; flowers in 
 the rains. Salsette. Syn. C calcarata, Wight Ic. 1426. 
 
 2. C. LAWII, Wight' Ic. 1427. Scape thick, fleshy, irregularly 
 shaped ; base of the subsessile flowers ebracteolate, embraced by a 
 few loose scales ; calyx tubular, 5-toothed, regular ; corol tubular, 
 twice the length of the calyx, lobes suborbicular ; flowers large, 
 pale- purple, with yellow spots. Salsette and between the Ram 
 Ghaut and Belgium; flowers in August. 
 
203 
 
 CVI. LABIATE. 
 1. OCIMUM, Linn. 
 
 1. O CANUM, Linn. Bot. Mag. t. 2452. Stem herbaceous, erect, 
 pubescent ; leaves petioled, ovate, narrowed at both ends, den- 
 ticulate or entire, rather hoary beneath ; petioles ciliated ; verticels 
 of the fruit bearing raceme, numerous, approximated ; calyx small, 
 a little ciliated ; corolla half longer than the calyx to double the 
 length. Very common; grows all over the world. Africa is sup- 
 posed to be its native country. Nearly allied to O basilicum, but 
 the flowers are only half the size. Syn. O americanum, Linn. 
 Amcen. 4, p 276; O album, Roxburgh and others; O stanimeum, 
 Bot. Mag. 2452. 
 
 2. O BASILICUM, Linn. sp. p 833. Stem erect or ascending ; 
 leaves petioled, ovate or oblong, narrowed at the base, slightly 
 toothed, glabrous ; verticels of the fruit-bearing raceme separated 
 by a space longer than the calyx, or more rarely loosely approx- 
 imated in a branched raceme ; calyx ciliated ; corolla twice its 
 length. This species has been long in cultivation throughout 
 Asia and Africa. The Indian varieties are divided into Pilosum 
 and B. glabratum. In the former, the stem is ascending, much- 
 branched ; leaves small, oblong-entire; petioles and verticels very 
 hairy. In the latter, the stem is erect ; petioles and calyx scarcely 
 ciliated ; leaves scarcely dentate ; racemes elongated. 
 
 3. O GRATISSIMUM, Linn. sp. p 832. Stem rather glabrous ; 
 leaves petioled, ovate-acute, crenated or coarsely toothed, narrowed 
 at the base; glabrous or pubescent along the veins; floral leaves 
 like bracts, lanceolate-acuminate, hastate at the base ; racemes 
 simple or slightly branched, pubescent; calyces pedicelled; lateral 
 teeth minute, upper united into a bimucronate lip ; corolla scarcely 
 longer than the calyx ; stamens exserted. A shrub, several feet 
 high ; racemes slender, many-flowered. Syn. O zeylanicum, 
 Burm. Thes. Zeyl. p 174; O frutescens, Mill. Diet; O petiolare, 
 Linn. Cam. Diet; O gratissimum, Jacq. Ic. rar. iii, p 495. 
 
 4. O ADSCENDENS, Willd sp. iii, p 166. Stem prostrate; 
 branches pubescent; leaves petioled, ovate-oblong, obtuse, slightly 
 toothed, narrowed at the base, pubescent; floral leaves like bracts, 
 deciduous ; racemes simple ; calyx in fruit drooping, the tube 
 striated; wings of the upper tooth reaching to the middle of the 
 calyx; lateral teeth truncated, lower very shortly setaceous, 
 acuminated ; corolla twice the length of the calyx ; stamens much 
 exserted. Common all over India. O indicum, Roth. nov. sp. 
 p 273; Plectranthus indicus, Spr. syst. ii, 690; O cristatum, Roxb. 
 Hort. Bengh. p 65. Steins rising from a thick base 6 to 9 
 inches long. 
 
204 
 
 5. O SANCTUM, Linn. Mant. p 85. Stems hairy; leaves petioled; 
 oval-obtuse, dentate, pubescent; floral leaves like bracts, sessile, 
 shorter than the pedicels ; racemes slender, simple, or slightly 
 branched ; calyx shorter than the pedicel, drooping, glabrous ; 
 throat within naked, upper tooth obovate-concave, shortly decur- 
 rent ; corolla scarcely longer than the calyx. Common almost 
 everywhere. Sacred to Hindoos. Syn. Basilicum agreste, Rumph 
 Amb. v, 265; O zeylanicum, Penenne, tturm. Thes. Zeyl. p 174 ; 
 O frutescens, Burm. Ind. p 129; O inodorum, Burm. Ind. p 130; 
 O monachorum, Linn. Mant. 58; Plectranthus monachorum, Spr. 
 syst. ii, 690 ; O tenuiflorum, Lam ; Lumnitzera tenuiflora, Spr. 
 syst. ii, 687 ; O villosum, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 44 (?) The whole 
 plant has often a purple hue. The flowers are pale-purple, and 
 not inodorous, stated by Bentham. This plant goes through the 
 ceremony of marriage about the end of October. 
 
 2. AJUGA. 
 
 1. A DISTICH A ANISOMELES OVATA, Roxb. Fl. 3, p 2 ; 
 Marrubium Indie. Burm. Thes. Zeyl. t. 71 ; Rheede Mai. 10, t. 88 ; 
 Wight in Hook. Bot. Misc. 2 t. 7. A tall annual, with 4-seeded 
 stems, and branches opposite ; leaves cordate-serrate; flowers spiked 
 alternate, with narrow-lanceolate or subulate hairy bracts; upper lip 
 of the corolla narrow, greenish, overhanging ; under lip larger, recurv- 
 ed longer, bialate, with purple segments. The plant has a strong 
 savour of black currants. Near to and on the Ghauts, common. 
 
 3. ACROCEPHALUS, Benth. 
 
 1. CAPITATUS, Benth. in Wall. PI. As. Rar. ii, p 18. Stem 
 procumbent; leaves ovate or lanceolate, sub-glabrous; heads of 
 flowers terminal ; lower lip of calyx 4 toothed ; stem slender, 
 very much branched at the base. On the Meera hills, near Penn 
 and at Mahar, sparingly; Southern Maratha Country, Law. Syn. 
 Prunella indica, Burm. Ind. 130 ; Ocimum capitellatum, Linn. 
 Mant. 276 ; O capitatum, Roth. nov. sp. 276; Hook. Ic. PI t. 456. 
 
 4. MOSCHOSMA, Reichb., Consp. 171. 
 
 1. POLYSTACHYUM, Benth. in Wall. PI As. Rar. ii, p 13. 1 to 2 
 feet high ; stem acutely quadrangular, angles smooth or scarcely 
 rough ; leaves long-petioled, ovate, rather acute-crenate, rounded 
 or cuneate at the base ; racemes numerous, slender, 2 to 4 inches 
 lono*; flowers minute, purplish; verticels 6 to 10-flowered, lax, 
 approximated. The Concans. Syn. Ocimum tenuiflorum, Burm. 
 Ind. p 129; O polystachyum, Linn. Mant. p 567 ; Plectranthus 
 parviflorus, Br. Prod, p 506 ; P micranthus, Spr. syst. ii, 691. 
 
205 
 
 5. ORTHOSIPHON, Benth. 
 
 1. O PALLIDUS, Royle Benth. Lab. p 708. Smooth; stem 
 ascending ; leaves petioled, ovate-obtuse, coarsely cut and toothed, 
 entire and cuneate at the base ; tube of the small white corolla 
 as long as the calyx ; spike short, terminal. Very common in the 
 Deccan; flowering from June to October. Is very like an Ocimum, 
 and may be easily mistaken for one of that genus. 
 
 2. GLABRATUS, Benth. in Wall. PL As. rar. ii, p 14. Stems 
 ascending, branched, glabrous; leaves long-petioled, ovate-acute, 
 toothed, rounded or subcordate at the base, glabrous ; corolla sub- 
 incurved ; tube twice the length of the calyx ; flowers light-purple. 
 Common in the rains. Syn. Ocimum thymiflorum, Roth. nov. sp. 
 p 269 (?) ; Plectranthus thymiflorus, Spr. syst. ii, 690 ; Pallidus 
 deccan ; flowers in June. 
 
 6. PLECTRANTHUS. 
 
 1. WIGHTII, Benth. Lab. p 41. Stem herbaceous, erect- 
 branched ; leaves petioled, broadly ovate or rounded-acuminate, 
 cordate at the base ; lower floral leaves like tliem ; upper and the 
 bracts membranaceous, rounded spathulate, shorter than the 
 peduncle and pedicels ; calyx oblong, incurved, striated ; mouth 
 oblique bilabiate; corolla inflated, declinate. Ram Ghaut, Law ; 
 leaves 1 1 to 2 inches. 
 
 2. ROTUNDIFOLIUS, Spr. syst. ii, p 690. Stem procumbent at 
 the base, rooting ; branches erect, thick, fleshy ; leaves petioled, 
 ovate-rounded or cuneate, running into the petiole, smooth, thick ; 
 floral leaves bract-like ; racemes simple ; verticels rather lax, many- 
 flowered, approximated ; corolla three times longer than the calyx, 
 declinate. The Concans. Syn. Germanea rotundifolia, Poir. Diet, 
 ii, 763 ; Coleus rugosus, Benth. in Wall. PL As rar. ii, p 15. 
 
 3. CORDIFOLIUS, Don. Prod. Fl Nep. p 1 16. Pubescent or 
 tomentose, hoary ; stem herbaceous, erect ; leaves petioled, broadly 
 ovate-crenate, cordate at the base ; floral leaves bract-like, ovate- 
 cuneate ; racemes lax, panicled ; verticels secund, few-flowered ; 
 corolla scarcely twice as long as calyx ; tube bent in the middle, 
 the throat dilated ; flowers small, pale-blue. About Kandalla ; 
 Sawunt Warree. 
 
 7. COLEUS. 
 
 1. BARBATUS, Benth. in Wall. PL As. rar. ii, p 15. Stem 
 fruticose at the base, ascending, tomentose and hispid; leaves 
 petioled, ovate-crenate, softly tomentose, younger ones strigose 
 hispid ; floral leaves membranaceous, broadly ovate-acuminate, in 
 
206 
 
 flowering deciduous ; verticels distant, 6-flowered ; calyx in fruit 
 deflexed, hispid. Caranjah Hill ; Deccan hills. Cultivated for the 
 roots, which are pickled, Law. Syn. Plectranthus forskolei, Willd. 
 sp. iii, p 169; P barbatus, Andr. Bot. Rep. t 594; P comosus, 
 Bot. Mag. t 2318 ; Ocimum asperum, Roth. nov. sp. p 268 ; P asper, 
 Spr. syst. ii, p 690 ; P monadelphus, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 
 
 2- C ZATARHENDI, Benth Lab. p 50. Leaves fleshy, rigid, 
 broadly ovate, acute-crenated, villous, truncate at the base. On 
 the sandy coast north of Bassein. Syn. Ocymum zatarhendi, 
 Forsk. Fl. jEgypt Arab. 109; Plectranthus crassifolius, Vahl. 
 Symb. i, p 44. 
 
 8. ANISOCHILUS, Wall. 
 
 1. A CARNOSTTS, Wall. PI As. rar. ii, p 18. Stem erect, tetra- 
 gonal ; leaves petioled, ovate-rounded, obtuse-crenated, cordate at 
 the base, or rounded ; thick, fleshy, hoary and tomentose, or villous 
 on both sides; spikes long-peduncled, at length cylindric ; floral leaves 
 ovate-obtuse; upper lip of calyx acute, glabrous, membranaceous, 
 ciliated on the margin. Rheed Mai. x, t. 90; Syn. Lavandula 
 carnosa, Linn. Amcen. x, p 56, t. 3 ; Plectranthus dubius, Spr. 
 syst. ii, p 69 1 . 
 
 2. A DECUSSATUS, Dalz. Stem round, coloured, smooth below, 
 hoary above ; leaves onlongish petioles, broad, ovate-acute, truncate 
 or cordate at the base, crenated, shortly tomentose beneath, 
 sprinkled on both sides with ruby-coloured glands ; spikes shortly- 
 cylindric, pointed on long-naked peduncles, brachiately disposed ; 
 floral leaves cordate-acute ; calyx densely woolly, upper lip deflexed, 
 rounded with a sudden point, lower truncate ; corolla bluish-purple, 
 velvetty and villous ; anthers 4, perfect, blue; stigmas 2, filiform, 
 acute. On the highest Ghauts opposite Bombay, in rocky places ; 
 flowers in August. A beautiful plant, the dark-red spike contrasting 
 well with the flowers. 
 
 3. A ADENANTHUS, Dalz. Spikes dense, pyramidal ; floral 
 leaves lanceolate-acuminate, pubescent, 3-nerved, 3 lines long ; 
 calyx minute, oblique truncate, scarcely toothed, tomentose on the 
 outside ; corolla grandular-dotted, 5 lines long, tomentose outside, 
 lower lip long, entire, boat-shaped, upper 3 to 4-lobed, rounded, 
 obtuse, short. JNear Dharwar; Bababooden hills. Unfortunately 
 the lower part of our specimens has been lost. 
 
 9. LAVANDULA, Tournef. 
 
 1. L PEROTTETII, Benth. Lab. p!51. Softly villous; stemsleafy; 
 leaves deeply pinnatifid ; lobes oblong or linear- toothed, green on 
 both sides, villous ; floral leaves broadly ovate-acute, as long as 
 
207 
 
 the calyx ; spikes dense, villous ; flowers solitary, alternate. Hills 
 at Sattara, flowering in November. Syn. L lawii, Wight Ic. 1439. 
 2. L BURMANNI, Benth. loc. cit. Slightly pubescent; leaves 
 bipinnatifid, segments linear-entire; floral leaves membranaceous, 
 dilated at the base, acuminated and setaceous at the apex, longer 
 than the calyx ; spikes short, dense ; flowers solitary, approximated, 
 either white or of a beautiful deep-blue. Common in the Deccan, 
 where it is called " Gorea." Syn. Bysteropogon bipinnatus, Roth, 
 nov. sp. 225. There is a white-flowered variety. 
 
 10. POGOSTEMON, Desf. 
 
 1. P PANICULATUS, Benth, in Wall. PI As. rar. l,p 30. Stem 
 erect, pubescent ; leaves unequal-ovate, cut and serrated, narrow 
 at the base ; verticals globose, secund, remote ; racemes terminal ; 
 bracts broadly ovate, membranaceous, as long as the calyx ; calyx 
 pubescent; teeth lanceolate. Syn. Elsholzia paniculata, Willd. 
 sp. iii, p 59. Southern Concan. 
 
 2. P PLECTRANTOIDES, Desp. Ann. Muss, ii, p 154, t. 6. 
 Covered with hoary pubescence; stem erect; leaves ovate-cuneate 
 or rounded at the base, doubly serrated; flowers subsecund, clustered, 
 spicate, ovate, cylindric-peduncled, panicled ; bracts broad, ovate, 
 glandular-dotted, longer than the calyx; calyx hirsute, glandular; 
 teeth broad, lanceolate-acute. Near Chicklee, Surat Collectorate. 
 
 3. P HEYNEANUS, Benth. in Wall. PI As. rar. 1, p 31. Stem 
 ascending, pubescent ; leaves subglabrous, ovate, narrow at the 
 base, irregularly crenated ; verticals many-flowered, subsecund, 
 interruptedly spicate ; spikes panicled ; bracts ovate or lanceolate, 
 equal to the calyx or a little shorter. Between the Ram Ghaut and 
 Belgaum. Syn. Origanum indicum, Roth. nov. sp. p 265. This 
 is not the Pach plant, as supposed by Graham. Pach is a distinct 
 specis (P patchouli). We do not know its native country, but the 
 leaves are imported from Singapore. As it thrives admirably in 
 our gardens, the growing of it in quantity would be a good 
 speculation. 
 
 4. PURPURICAULIS, Dalz. in Hook. Jour. Bot. ii, 336. Stem 
 erect, suffruticose, purple, shining ; leaves broadly ovate-acuminate, 
 coarsely double-toothed, attenuated into the petiole, subglabrous; 
 verticels dinudate, approximated ; panicles axillary and ter- 
 minal lax, pyramidal; bracts ovate and lanceolate, equal to the 
 calyx; leaves 7 inches long 3J broad. Has the odour of black 
 currants. Very common in the hilly parts of the Concan and on 
 the Ghauts; grows to the height of 5 to 6 feet. Syn. D frute- 
 scens, Graham's Catalogue No. 1 1 09. 
 
 5. PURPURASCENS, Dalz. loc. cit. 337. Stem herbaceous, quad- 
 rangular, 4-furrowed, softly tomentose with spreading hairs ; leaves 
 
208 
 
 broadly ovate-acute, cuneate at the base, doubly-serrated, wrinkled, 
 softly villouson both sides; lowest verticels sessile in the axils of the 
 upper leaves, upper terminal, simply spicate, approximated ; bracts 
 under the calyx ovate-acute, leafy, reticulately veined, equal to the 
 calyx ; calyx pentagonal, villous ; segments triangular subulate, 
 3-nerved. Common in shady woods in the Concan ; leaves 4 to 5 
 inches long, 2 to 2| broad. 
 
 11. DYSOPHYLLA, Blume. 
 
 1. RUPESTRIS, Dalz. in Hook. Jour. Bot. Perennial, erect; 
 stems round, woody, 3 to 4 feet high ; leaves 4-fold, spreading, 
 short-petioled, linear-lanceolate, serrated, rugose, downy, 2 to 3 
 inches long ; spikes terminal solitary, cylindric, covered with 
 innumerable small rose-coloured flowers ; corol tube twice the 
 length of the calyx; segments reflexed. Near Vingorla. Syn. 
 Mentha quadrifolia, Roxb. Fl Ind. iii, p 5. Grows on dry ground, 
 and is quite distinct from D quadrifolia of Bentham, for which 
 Roxburgh's plant is given as a synonym. 
 
 2. TOMENTOSA, Dalz. in Hook. Jour. Bot. ii, 337. Softly 
 tomentose all over, with spreading hairs ; stem creeping ; branches 
 several, simple, erect ; leaves verticelled, 6 to 9 together, linear- 
 acute, quite entire, much longer than the internodes, covered 
 beneath with scattered glands, margins revolute ; floral leaves of 
 the same shape ; calyx tuberculate glandular, densely tomentose ; 
 segments triangular ovate-obtuse, shorter than the hairs ; stems 10 
 to 12 inches long ; leaves 4 lines long. In rice fields near Mai wan. 
 
 3. ERECTA, Dalz. loc. cit. Stem erect-branched, rather hispid ; 
 leaves verticelled, 9 to 12 together, narrow linear-obtuse at the 
 apex, papillose and rough on both sides, glandular-dotted beneath, 
 equalling the internodes ; floral leaves filiform, with a thick oblique 
 head, as long as the calyx ; calyx villous ; segments erect obtuse, 
 7 to 8 inches high ; leaves 7 to 8 lines long. Near Malwan. 
 
 4. GRACILIS, Dalz. loc. cit. Stem erect, straight, 9 inches 
 high, sparingly branched above, rough, with soft spreading hairs ; 
 leaves verticelled in sevens, narrow linear-acute, longer than the 
 internodes, 4 lines long, distantly and minutely toothed towards 
 the apex ; floral leaves linear-acute, densely ciliated, longer than 
 calyx and corolla ; upper tooth of the corolla the smaller and quite 
 entire. On the Ghauts. 
 
 5. MYOSMOIDES, Benth. in Wall. PL As. rar. 1, p 30. Tomen- 
 tose and silky; stem erect; leaves opposite, shortly-petioled, oblong 
 or lanceolate; floral ones minute ; spikes dense; calyx tomentose; the 
 teeth very short, straight; corolla minute, red. Beds of watercourses 
 at Mahableshwur. Syn. Mentha myosmoides, Roth. nov. sp. p 257. 
 
209 
 
 6. STELLATA, Benth. in Wall. PL As. rar. i, p 30. Stem 
 creeping ; branches erect ; leaves verticelled, 6 to 8 together, narrow- 
 linear, almost equal to the internodes, quite entire ; floral ones 
 subulate ; calyx villous ; the segments erect, rather acute, nearly 
 allied to D tomentosa, but distinct. About Belgaum, Law; at 
 Banda, in rice fields. Syn. Mentha quaternifolia, Roth. nov. sp. 
 p 256 (?). 
 
 12. COLEBROOKIA, Smith. 
 
 1. TERNIFOLIA, Roxb. PI Cor. iii, p 40, t. 245. A small shrub ; 
 leaves oblong-elliptic, narrow at both ends, serrulate, softly pubescent 
 above, tomentose beneath, with the branches and spikes verticelled 
 in threes ; flowers very minute, white ; the spikes very dense. On the 
 Ghauts, very common. Scarcely differs from C oppositifolia of 
 Sm. Exot. Bot. ii, p 111. A native of Nepaul. 
 
 13. MICROMERIA, Benth. 
 
 1. MALCOLMIANA, Dalz. Mss. Herbaceous; branches elongated, 
 simple, slender, villous; leaves small, shortly-petioled, ovate-obtuse, 
 crenated, pubescent on both sides; verticels of flowers distant, 
 dichotomously cymose, peduncled, few-flowered, contracted into 
 a kind of umbel ; flowers minute. On the banks of the Yeena, 
 Mahableshwur. In its aromatic and carminative qualities, it rivals 
 the Peppermint. Syn. Marrubium malcolmianum, Dalz. in Hook. 
 Jour. Bot iv, p 109. 
 
 14. NEPETA, Linn. 
 
 1. N BOMBAIENSIS, Dalz. Branched, 1 foot high; stem quad- 
 rangular, pubescent ; leaves long-petioled, softly villous on both 
 sides, cordate, ovate-obtuse, crenated ; flowers axillary, peduncled ; 
 peduncle as long as the petiole, with about 5 pedicelled flowers, 
 subtended by a pair of lanceolate-acute bracts ; calyx pilose, deeply 
 ribbed, upper lip much longer than the lower, of 3 acute ciliate 
 teeth ; lower of 2 subulate teeth, increasing with the fruit ; corol 
 small, pale-blue, with purple spots. Allied to N graciliflora, Benth. 
 Old walls and rocks on Sewnere Fort ; flowering in July and August. 
 
 15. SALVIA, Linn. 
 
 1. PLEBEIA, Br. Prod. 501. Stem herbaceous, erect-branched, 
 pubescent ; leaves petioled, oblong, wrinkled ; verticels lax, about 
 6-flowered, racemose; racemes paniculate; calyx campanulate; 
 upper lip quite entire ; teeth of the lower lip obtuse ; corolla scarcely 
 longer than the calyx. At Kandalla and Island of Caranjah. 
 27 c 
 
210 
 
 Syn. S brachiata, Roxb. Hort. Beng. p 4 ; Fl. Ind. i, 146; Ocimum 
 fastigiatum, Roth. nov. sp. p 277 ; Lumnitzera fastigiata, Spr. 
 syst. ii, 687. Seeds used for killing vermin. 
 
 16. SCUTELLARIA, Linn. 
 
 1. DISCOLOR, Coleb. in Wall. PL As. rar. i, p 66. Stem rooting 
 at the base, leafy, ascending, rather naked above ; leaves petioled, 
 ovate-obtuse, crenated, rounded or cuneate at the base, strongly 
 nerved and purple beneath ; floral leaves minute ; racemes elongated, 
 somewhat branched at the base; flowers scattered, secund. Parwar 
 Ghaut, Mahableshwur, &c. ; in Canara, plentiful. Syn. S indica, 
 Don Prod. Fl Nep. p 109. 
 
 17. AN1SOMELES, R. Br. 
 
 1. HEYNEANA, Benth. in Wall. PL As. rar. i, p 59. Glabrous 
 or very slightly pubescent; leaves ovate or oblong-lanceolate, narrow 
 at the base ; cymes long-peduncled, secund, few-flowered ; calycine 
 teeth lanceolate-acute. Bombay, Salsette, &c., common. Branches 
 elongated, slender, acutely quadrangular; leaves pale-green on both 
 sides, serrate-crenate ; cymes unilateral, at the apex of the peduncles. 
 
 2. OVATA, Br. in Ait. Hort. Kew. ii, 364. Hirsute, more 
 rarely subglabrous ; leaves ovate-acuminate or rounded, truncate, 
 subcordate or rounded at the base, broadly crenate ; verticels many- 
 flowered, dense ; calycine teeth lanceolate-acute ; corolla purple, 
 the lip darker in colour. A suffruticose plant 2 to 4 feet high. 
 Very common everywhere. Syn. A disticha, Heyne in Roth, 
 nov. sp. p 254 ; Nepeta amboinica, Linn. Suppl. 273 ; Ballota dis- 
 ticha, Linn. Mant p 83 ; Ajuga disticha, Roxb. Fl Ind. iii, p 2 ; 
 Marrubium indicum, Burm. Ind. 127 ; Ballota mauritiana, Pers. 
 Syn. p 2. 
 
 3. MALABARICA, Br. in Bot. Mag. t. 2071. Tomentose and 
 villous ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, narrow at the base, serrato-crenate 
 in the upper part, soft, tomentose or woolly; verticels many-flowered, 
 dense, or cymes large, at length elongated ; floral leaves and bracts 
 subulate, very soft ; corolla rosy or purple, the throat hairy within. 
 On the Ghauts, pretty common. Syn. Nepeta malabarica, Linn. 
 Maut. 566; Ajuga fruticosa, Roxb. Fl Ind. iii, p 1. 
 
 18. LEUCAS, Benth. 
 
 1 . LONGIFOLIA, Benth. Lab. p 744. Stem herbaceous, erect, 
 villous; leaves linear-subentire, rather glabrous; verticels 6 to 10- 
 flowered ; bracts minute ; calyx turbinate, tubular, the mouth equal ; 
 teeth very short, setaceous, straight. Half a foot to a foot high ; 
 
211 
 
 leaves 2 to 3 inches long, with one or two teeth, sessile, narrow at 
 the base. About Poona. 
 
 2. BIFLORA, Br. Prod. 504. Herbaceous, diffuse ; leaves ovate, 
 coarsely toothed, pubescent on both sides, half an inch long; 
 verticels 2-flovvered ; bracts minute ; calyx tubular, mouth equal, 
 teeth subulate. The Concans. Syn. Phlomis biflora, Vahl. Symb. 
 iii, p 77 ; non. Roxb. ; Wight Ic. 866. 
 
 3. COLLINA, Dalz. in Hook. Jour. Bot. ii, 338. Suffruticose, 
 erect ; branches quadrangular, tomentose, with adpressed hairs ; 
 leaves petioled, ovate, lanceolate-acute, cuneate at the base, coarsely 
 crenate-serrate, softly pubescent and green above, hoary and 
 tomentose beneath; verticels 10-flowered; bracts linear or narrow- 
 spathulate, hirsute, ciliated, half the length of the calyx; calyx 
 tomentose, turbinate, tubular, mouth equal, teeth erect subulate, 
 alternately shorter ; leaves 3 to 4 inches long. Southern Con can. 
 
 4. STELLIGERA, Wall. PI. As. rar. i, p 61. Herbaceous, erect, 
 a little hoary ; stem hirsute ; leaves oblong, lanceolate-obtuse, 
 serrated, scabrous and hispid above ; calyx tomentose, mouth trun- 
 cate, villous within ; teeth (10) and bracts subulate, soft, spreading, 
 their apices revolute ; leaves 2 to 3 inches long, green above, pale 
 beneath ;. verticels an inch in diameter; flowers white. The Ghauts. 
 
 5. CILIATA, Benth. in Wall. PI. As. rar. i, p 61. Herbaceous; 
 stem erect, adpressed, pubescent, or rough with reflexed hairs ; 
 leaves ovate-lanceolate or oblong serrate-crenate, green on both 
 sides, hairy and pubescent ; bracts linear, ciliate, hairy ; calyx 
 tubular, hirsute, mouth truncate, equal, teeth elongated, subulate, 
 hairy, spreading like a star. Near Banda, between Koha and Thul. 
 
 6. ASPERA, Spr. syst. ii, p 743. Herbaceous, hairy and pube- 
 scent ; leaves oblong or linear, subcrenate, green ; verticels dense, 
 equal ; bracts oblong-linear or subulate, hairy ; calyx smooth at the 
 base, striated at the apex, subincurved, mouth oblique, teeth short. 
 A rough, hispid plant, half a foot high. On the sea-shore at 
 Alibaug, <fec. Syn. Phlomis aspera, Willd Enum. Hort. Berol. ii, 
 621 ; P plukenetii, Roth nov. sp. p 261 ; P esculenta, Roxb. Fl 
 Ind. iii, p 10. 
 
 7. CEPHALOTES, Spr. syst. ii, p 743. Herbaceous, hairy and 
 pubescent ; leaves ovate or oblong, subserrate, green, verticels sub- 
 solitary, large, globose, densely many-flowered, bracts ovate, 
 lanceolate-acute, imbricated; calyx striated and subvillous at the 
 apex ; mouth oblique, teeth subulate, short ; uppermost leaves 
 coming out of the top of the verticel. Coast of Kattywar; at 
 Ahmedabad, Law. Syn. Phlomis cephalotes, Roth nov. sp. p 262 ; 
 Leucas capitata, Desf. Mem. Mus. Par. ii, p 8, t. 4. 
 
 8. LINIFOLIA, Spr. syst. ii, p 743. Herbaceous, erect, slightly 
 pubescent or tomentose ; leaves oblong linear-entire, or remotely 
 
212 
 
 serrated ; verticels dense, subequal, many-flowered ; bracts linear, 
 hoary ; calyx elongated above ; mouth very oblique, lower teeth 
 very short, upper largest. A very common plant in cultivated 
 fields. Syn. Phlomis linifolia, Roth. nov. sp. p 260 ; P zeylanica, 
 Roxb. Fl Ind. iii, p 9 ; Leonurus indicus, Burm. Ind. p 127; 
 Herba admerationis, Rumph. Amb. vi, p 39 ; L lavandulaefolia, 
 Sm. in Rees Cycl. v. 20. 
 
 9. L URTIC^EFOLIA, Br. Prod, p 504. Herbaceous, finely 
 tomentose and hoary ; verticels many-flowered, globose ; calyces 
 hairy membranaceous ; mouth oblique, lengthened below, split above; 
 teeth 8 to 10, very short, setaceous; verticels nearly 1 inch in 
 diameter, distant; leaves petioled, broadly ovate, coarsely serrate- 
 crenate, rounded or cuneate at the base ; flowers white. At Cam- 
 bay. Found also in Abyssinia and Arabia, also in the Punjaub. 
 
 19. LEONOTIS, Br. 
 
 1. NEPETJEFOLIA, Br. Prod. 504. Herbaceous, 6 feet high; 
 leaves membranaceous, ovate-crenate ; verticels large globular ; 
 teeth of calyx spinous, uppermost largest, ovate ; corolla orange- 
 coloured, about twice the length of the calyx. Common on heaps 
 of rubbish. Scarcely indigenous; supposed to be originally from 
 Africa. Syn. Phlomis nepetsefolia, Linn. sp. 820 ; P spinosa, Vand. 
 in Ro2m. Script. Hisp. p 81 (?) ; Leonurus globosus, Mcench. Meth. 
 p 400 ; L nepetaefolius, Mill. Diet. N. 2 ; Stachys mediterranea, 
 Veil. PI Plum, ii, t. 2. 
 
 CVII. CHENOPODEACE^E. 
 1. OBIONE, Gaert. 
 
 1. STOCKSII, Wight Ic. t. 1789. Stem shrubby, very ramous 
 ascending or diffuse, branches round, glabrous, unarmed ; leaves 
 alternate, short-petioled, elliptic-obtuse, tending to obovate, smooth, 
 glabrous, whitish, and glaucous ; sheath of the bracts conical, limbs 
 orbicular, free, entire ; disk smooth. Gujarat ; common near the sea. 
 
 2. ARTHROCNEMUM, Moq. 
 
 1 . INDICUM, Moq. Chenopod. Enum. p 1 13. Stem suffruticose, 
 procumbent, articulated ; branches herbaceous, alternate, divaricate, 
 articulations short, clavate, thick, spongy, truncate and sub-bifid 
 at the apex ; spikes lateral, alternate or opposite, large, cylindric- 
 obtuse. Common on salt ground. Syn. Salicornia indica, Wiild. 
 nov. Aet. Hist. Nat. v,p 111, t. 4,/. 1 ; Wight Ic. t. 737. Native 
 name " Muchoor." 
 
213 
 
 3. StL^DA, Forsk. 
 
 1. NUDIFLORA, Moq. in Ann. Soc. Nat. 23, p 316. Stem 
 shrubby, ascending, branched ; branches erect, spreading, puberu- 
 lous ; leaves rather short, oblong or obovate, attenuated at the 
 base, very obtuse, rigid, glabrous ; flowers axillary, sessile, 5 to 10 
 densely clustered hermaphrodite; upper clusters at length naked 
 and spiked ; seed beaked, shining. Native name " Moms." Syn. 
 Salsola nudiflora, Willd. sp. ii, p 2323. 
 
 2. INDICA, Moq. loc. cit. Stem shrubby, very diffuse, branched ; 
 branches ascending, glabrous ; leaves half round, attenuated below, 
 obtuse, rigid, a little mealy ; upper ones minute, oblong ; flowers 
 axillary, sessile, 3 to 5 clustered ; seed obtuse-beaked, shining. 
 Wight Ic. t. 1796; Syn. Salsola indica, Willd. sp. i, p 1317. 
 
 CVIII. NYCTAGINACEJE. 
 1. BGERHAAVIA, Linn. 
 
 1. DIFFUSA, Linn. sp. 4. Herbaceous plant, with numerous 
 slender prostrate branches, spreading close on the ground ; leaves 
 opposite, unequal, petioled cordate, with waved and often coloured 
 margins ; peduncles solitary, intra-axillary ; leaves green on both 
 sides ; flowers minute, red, sessile on the apex of the pedicels. A 
 very common weed. Syn. B procumbens, Roxb. Fl Ind. i, 146. 
 
 2. REPANDA, Willd sp. i, p 22. Stem elongated, climbing, 
 glabrous ; leaves cordate, lanceolate-acuminate, sinuate and repand 
 on the margin ; flower-bearing peduncles forming a loose panicle ; 
 terminal umbels 3 to 6-flowered ; fruit clavate, rough with glandular 
 knobs ; flowers pink, larger than in the preceding. In hedges, 
 Surat, climbing to the height of 6 feet. Syn. Valeriana chinensis, 
 Linn. sp. 47 ; Burm. Ind. xv, t. 6, /*. 3 ; Astrephia chinensis, 
 Dufr. Valer. p 51 ; B umbellata, Wight. 
 
 3. STELLATA, Wight Ic. t. 875. Decumbent ; leaves succulent, 
 ovate-cordate, obtuse-mucronate ; racemes long-peduncled ; flowers 
 verticelled, subsessile, interruptedly subspicate ; ovary club-shaped 
 elongated, furrowed, with 5 elongated viscid glands at the apex ; 
 flowers white, Wight (stem-climbing, Dalz ; flowers pink.) In 
 Kattywar. 
 
 4. REPENS, Linn. Herbaceous, creeping, diffuse ; leaves ovate- 
 obtuse, sinnate-repand, pubescent, white beneath; peduncles axillary, 
 short, bearing small umbels; flowers small, deep-pink, 2 to 3- 
 androus ; fruit ovate-elliptic, ribbed viscous. Common in the Dec- 
 can plains, also in Sind, Arabia, and neighbouring desert countries. 
 
 5. FRUTICOSA, Dalz. Shrubby, erect, all viscid and tomentose ; 
 leaves small, ovate, with a truncate base, sometimes triangular, 
 
214 
 
 much-wrinkled on the underside ; flowers umbellate, small pink, on 
 an axillary peduncle, as long as the leaf ; pedicels slender, nearly as 
 long as the peduncle ; flower 4J lines long, filaments 3-long, 
 exserted, fruit linear-oblong, sulcated, pubescent, tuberculated 
 along the ribs from top to bottom. On Sewnere Fort and the 
 Ghauts east of Bombay ; flowers in September. 
 
 CIX. POLYGONACE^E. 
 1. POLYGONUM, Linn. 
 
 1 . GLABRUM, Willd. ii, 447. Annual, suberect, smooth, reddish ; 
 leaves narrow-lanceolate, short-petioled, tapering to each end, 
 smooth on both sides, entire, 5 to 7 inches long ; stipules ragged ; 
 racemes of flowers long, slender, and smooth ; flowers numerous, 
 rose-coloured, heptandrous ; style 3-cleft, seed ovate, compressed. 
 A native of ditches, rivulets, &c. ; pretty common. Roxb. Fl Ind. 
 ii, 287 ; Rheede Mai. x, t. 80 ; and xii, t. 77. Native name 
 " Ruktroora," a name also applied to a species of Ebenaceae and a 
 Rhamnus used medicinally by the Ghaut people. Wight Ic. 1799. 
 
 2. RIVULARE, Koenig Mss. Annual; branches erect; leaves 
 narrow-lanceolate, pretty smooth, 5 to 6 inches long; stipules 
 short, ciliated ; flowers octandrous, seed triangular. Hoxb. Fl Ind. 
 ii, 290 ; Grows in the same sort of situations as the preceding. 
 
 3. CHINENSE, Willd. ii, 453. Scandent, flexuose ; leaves 
 oblong, truncate at the base ; bracts auricled ; peduncles sub- 
 panicled, terminal; flowers in globular pedicelled heads, white. 
 An alpine plant, confined to the Ghauts; flowers octandrous. 
 Wight Ic. t. 1806. 
 
 4. ELEGANS, Roxb. Fl Ind. ii, 291. A very small species, 
 prostrate ; stems numerous-spreading ; leaves alternate, bifarious, 
 very shortly-petioled, lanceolate, smooth ; stipules membranaceous 
 with torn and ciliated margins ; flowers axillary, very small, rose- 
 coloured. On waste ground where water has lodged ; banks of 
 the Nerbudda. Syn. P linifolium, Roth nov. sp. 207 ; P indicum, 
 Roth; Wight Ic. *. 1808. 
 
 CX. AMARANTACE.E. 
 1. DEERINIGA, R. Br. 
 
 1. BACCATA, Moq. in DC. Prod. 13, p 236. Stem suffruticose, 
 angled, decumbent ; leaves 2 to 3 inches long, ovate or cordate- 
 ovate acute ; spikes elongated, loosely branched ; flowers very 
 shortly-pedicelled, solitary ; sepals at length reflexed ; spikes 3 to 
 4 inches long, slender. iSyn. Celosia baccata, Retz. Obs. v, p 23 ; 
 
215 
 
 Deeringia celosioides, R. Br. Prod. 1, 413; Bot. Mag. #.2717; 
 Wight Ic. t. 728 ; D indica, Blume Bijdr. 542 ; D celosioides and 
 indica, Spr. syst. i, 816. 
 
 2. CELOSIA, Linn. 
 
 1. CRISTATA, Moq. in DC. Prod. 13, p 242. Stem herba- 
 ceous, erect, branched, quite glabrous ; leaves petioled, ovate, ovate- 
 lanceolate or subcordate-ovate, sometimes lanceolate-acute, glab- 
 rous ; spikes subsessile, ovate-pyramidal, sometimes dilated, 
 compressed, truncated, or subentire or branched at the apex ; 
 flowers very short-pedicelled, digynous ; sepals longer than the 
 bracts, obsoletely keeled, somewhat 3-nerved ; utricles ovato-glo- 
 bose. Syn. C castrensis, Cristata, and Coccinea, Linn. sp. p 297 ; 
 Bot. Reg. 1834; Amarantus indicus cristatus, Rumph Amb. v, p 
 236, t. 84; C comosa, Retz. Obs. vi, p 26 ; C cernua, Roxb. Fl 
 Ind. ed. Wall, ii, 509; Andr. Bot. Rep. t. 635; wight Ic. t. 730. 
 
 2. ARGENTEA, Moq. loc. cit. Stem herbaceous, erect, glabrous, 
 branched ; leaves somewhat petioled, linear-lanceolate, narrow or 
 sublinear, rarely ovate, acute, glabrous ; spikes long-peduncled, 
 ovato-cylindric, or cylindric cuspidate; flowers sessile, digynous; 
 sepals much longer than the bracts, mucronulate, 3-nerved ; utricles 
 between ovate and pear-shaped. Syn. C argentea, Linn sp. p 296 ; 
 C marilandica, Retz. Obs. iii, p 27 B ; C linearis, Sw. Hort. Brit, 
 p 569 (at Bombay, Roux.) ; C argentea, Poir. Diet, v, p 36 ; Y 
 margantacea ; C margantacea, Linn, sp. p 297. 
 
 3. AMARANTHUS, Kunth. 
 
 1. PANICULATUS, Moq. loc. cit. Stem erect, obsoletely fur- 
 rowed, striated, pubescent, greenish ; leaves petioled, oval or ovate- 
 lanceolate, attenuated at both ends, roughish, pale-green, sometimes 
 purple on the margin; panicle much-branched; spikes erect or 
 spreading, cylindric, rather acute ; flowers rather dense, greenish- 
 red or blood-red ; calyx rather shorter than the bracts ; utricles 
 longer than the calyx, 2 to 3-toothed at the apex. A paniculatus, 
 Linn. sp. p 1406; A cruentus, Linn. loc. cit.; Y Mill. Ic. t. 22; 
 A sanguineus, Linn. loc. cit. ; Willd. Amar. p 32, N. 24, t. 2, 
 f. 4; and p 29, N. 21; and p 31, N. 23, t. 2, /. 3; and 
 p27, N. 19, *. 3, /. 5. 
 
 2. TRISTIS, Linn. sp. p 1404, N. 6. Stem erect, striated, 
 angular, glabrous, green ; leaves long-petioled, somewhat rhomb- 
 ovate or ovate-obtuse, glabrous, glaucous, green, a little ash-coloured; 
 panicles sparingly branched ; spikes suberect, narrow-cylindric, 
 rather obtuse, terminal one longer and flexuous, lateral middling- 
 sized and rather distant ; flowers rather dense, pale or yellowish- 
 
216 
 
 green ; calyx scarcely longer than the bracts ; utricles the same 
 length as the calyx, bi or trifid at the apex. Syn. Blitum indicum, 
 2 ; Rumph. Amb. v, p 231, t. 82, f. 2 ; Amaranthus tristis, Willd. 
 Amarant. p21,N. 14, .5, f. 10; Wight Tc. t. 514; A dubius, Mart. 
 Hort. Erlang. 1814, p 197; A tristis, Wight Ic. t. 713. 
 
 3. SPINOSUS, Linn. sp. p 1407, N. 22. Stem erect, not angled, 
 obsoletely striated, quite glabrous, reddish ; leaves long-petioled, 
 rhomb-ovate or deltoid, sometimes lanceolate-oblong, obtuse, sub- 
 emarginate, glabrous, dark -green, with 2 thorns in the axils ; pani- 
 cles sparingly branched ; spikes erect, cyliridric-acute, terminal one 
 long and somewhat rigid ; flowers dense, green ; calyx as long as 
 the bracts ; utricles as long as the calyx, bi to trifid at the apex. 
 Syn. Blitum spinosum, Rumph. Amb. v, t. 83, /. i. 
 
 4. EUXOLUS, Rafin. 
 
 1. OLERACEUS, Moq. loc. cit. Stem erect or ascending, striated, 
 glabrous, whitish ; leaves petioled, ovate, very obtuse, emarginate, 
 rather wrinkled, pale-green ; spikelets axillary, shorter than the 
 petiole, a little branched ; spike terminal, erect, abbreviated, thick- 
 ish, rather obtuse, dense rigid ; flowers closely clustered, pale- 
 green ; calyx twice the length of the bracts ; utricles ovate, rather 
 acute, smooth. Amaranthus oleraceus, Linn. sp. p 1403, N. 1 . 
 Aubl. Guy. ii, p 855; Willd. Amarant. p 17, t. 5, f. 9 ; Wight Ic. 
 t. 715 (?); Pyxidium oleraceum, Moench. Meth. p 359; Pentrius 
 oleraceus, Rafin. Fl. Tell p 42 ; Albersia oleracea, Kunth Fl Berol. 
 ii, p 144. 
 
 5. PSTLOTRICHUM, Blume. 
 
 1. SERICEUM, Dalz. Mss. Stem erect, tomentose ; leaves 
 petioled, broad-ovate, acuminate, silky ; peduncles axillary, longer 
 than the leaf, 2 to 3 inches long, round, bifid or trifid, rigid, tomen- 
 tose ; spikes 1 to 1 inch long, flexuose. Kattywar. Syn. Achyr- 
 anthes sericea, Keen, in Roxb. Fl Ind. ii, p 502 ; Wight Ic. t. 726. 
 
 6. AERVA, Forsk. 
 
 1. JAVANICA, Juss. Ann. d'Mus. ii, p 131. Stein herbaceous, 
 erect or ascending, branched, round, obsoletely striated, tomentose 
 hoary ; leaves alternate, very shortly-petioled, obovate-lanceolate, 
 lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, obtuse, shortly mucronate, tomen- 
 tose, hoary ; spikes solitary, sessile ascending, long, cylindric-obtuse, 
 woolly ; flowers white ; calyx a little longer than the bracts ; sepals 
 1 -nerved. At Cambay. Syn. Iresine javanica, Burm. Fl Ind. p 
 212, t. 60, /. 2 ; Celosia lanata, Linn. sp. p 298, N. 7 ; Illecebrum 
 
217 
 
 javanicum, Ait. Hort. Kew. ed.i, 1780-81, p 289; Aerva tomentosa, 
 Forsk. Fl jEgypt. Arab, p 122 and 170, N. 66; Lam. Diet, i, p 
 46 ; Achyranthes alopecuroides, Lam. Diet, i, p 548, N. 16 ; Aerva 
 jEgyptiaca, Gmel. syxt. Nat. p 1026; Achyranthes javanica, Pers. 
 Syn. i, p 259 ; A incana, Roxb. Fl Ind. ed. Wall, ii, p 495 ; A 
 javanica, Wight Ic. t. 876. 
 
 2. SCANDENS, Wall. List No. 6911. Stem suffruticose, climb- 
 ing, branched, round, striated, pubescent, green ; leaves alternate, 
 very shortly-petioled, elliptic or oblong, acuminated at both ends, 
 very acute mucronulate, pubescent, green ; spikes solitary or twin, 
 sessile or shortly-ped uncled, spreading, ovate-oblong or ovate-pyra- 
 midal, rather acute, woolly; flowers whitish; calyx twice as long as 
 the mucronate bracts (Bombay, P Roux. 1835) Wight Ic. t. 724; 
 Achyranthes scandens, Roxb. Fl Ind. ed. Wall, ii, p 503. 
 
 3. LANATA, Juss. Ann. Mus. .ii, p 131. Stems herbaceous, 
 ascending, much-branched, round, striated, a little tomentose, 
 ash-coloured ; leaves shortly-petioled, obovate-obtuse, shortly 
 mucronate, pubescent on both sides, ashy or hoary and glaucous ; 
 spikes solitary or in twos or threes, sessile, horizontal, ovate- 
 obtuse, woolly; flowers white, hoary; calyx twice as long as the 
 bracts; sepals one-nerved. Mill. Ic. t. ii, /. 1; Wight Ic . 723 ; 
 Achyranthes lanata, Linn. sp. p 296 ; Lam. Diet, i, p 548 ; 
 Illecebrum lanatum, Linn. Mant. p 344; Willd. sp. i, p 1204; 
 Achyranthes villosa, Forsk. Fl ./Egypt Arab, p 48, N. 64; Ama- 
 ranthus lanatus, Durn. Cours. ed. i, 1802, p 640, N. 21. 
 
 7. AERVA. 
 
 1. BRACHIATA, Mart. Beitrag. Amarant. p 83, N. 3. Stems 
 herbaceous, ascending, much-branched, striated, glabrous, green ; 
 leaves opposite or alternate, shortly-petioled, oblong-oval or obo- 
 vate oblong-obtuse, mucronulate, glabrous, bright-green ; spikes 
 3 to 4 together, subsessile, spreading, oblong-linear, obtuse, 
 villous ; flowers snow-white ; calyx twice the length of the bracts 
 (proper near Bombay, P. Roux.); Syn. Achyranthes brachiata, 
 Linn. Mant. p 50; Roth. nov. sp. PL p 159; Illecebrum 
 brachiatum, Linn. Mant. p 23; Willd. sp. 1, p 1203 ; Pseudanthus 
 brachiatus, Wight Ic. t. 1776. 
 
 2. MONSONIA, Mart. loc. cit. Stem suffruticose, ascending, 
 branched, striated, tomentose, hoary ; leaves vertieelled or opposite, 
 sessile, linear-subulate, acute-mucroriate, hairy, green; spikes 
 solitary, shortly-ped uncled, erect, oblong-ovate or ovate-cylindric, 
 obtuse, woolly ; flowers pinkish, shining. Syn. Celosia monsonia, 
 Retz. Obs. ii, p 13, N. 26 ; Illecebrum monsonia, Linn. Fil. Suppl., 
 p 1 6 1 . Achyranthes pungens, Lam. Diet, i, 546. ; Achyr. monsoniae, 
 Pers. Syn. i, 258 ; Wight Ic. t. 725. 
 
 28 c 
 
218 
 
 8. AMBLOGYNA, Raf. 
 
 1. A POLYGONOIDES. Stem from a span to a foot long; 
 decumbent or ascending, angular and striated, smooth, red or green; 
 branches diffuse-flexuose ; leaves rhomb-ovate or obovate-cuneate 
 at the base, obtuse, emarginate, smooth, green, glaucous beneath, 
 about an inch long ; clusters of flowers much shorter than the 
 petiole, roundish, 6 to 8-flowered. Very common in all cultivated 
 lands. Syn. Amaranthus polygonoides, Linn. sp. ; Wight Ic. t. 512. 
 
 9. MENGEA, Schaner. 
 
 1. M. TENUIFOLIA, Moq. in DC. Prod. 13, p 271. Branched 
 from the root ; branches distant-spreading ; leaves small, obovate- 
 obtuse, much attenuated towards the base, the nerves prominent 
 beneath ; clusters of flowers shorter than the petiole, subternate, 
 few-flowered ; bracts lanceolate-obtuse. Common everywhere. 
 Native name " Ghol." This and the preceding, along with the 
 Amaranthus, form the staple pot-herbs of the Natives ; and, when 
 young, are as good as Spinach. 
 
 10. ACHYRANTHES. 
 
 1. ASPERA, Linn. sp. p 295. Stem erect, striated, pubescent, 
 of a dusky-ash colour ; branches spreading obsoletely, 4-sided ; 
 leaves shortly-petioled, obovate-rounded, sometimes somewhat 
 rhomb-rounded, suddenly attenuated at the base, very obtuse and 
 very shortly acuminated, pubescent, pale-green ; spikes long, slender, 
 twiggy, lax, flowered ; flowers shining, greenish ; lateral bracts with 
 an awn as long as the limb. It is B indica Var. which is found 
 in Bombay, with the leaves slightly undulated, rather soft and 
 pubescent. Syn. Amaranthus spicatus, Dicbam. ; Pluk. Phyt. t. 10, 
 /. 4; Mill. Ic. t. 11, f. 2 ; A obtusifolia, Lam. Diet, i, 545. 
 
 11. DIGERA, Forsk. 
 
 1. ARVENSIS, Forsk. Fl. -<Egypt. Arab, p 65. Stems annual, 
 Btriated, glabrous ; leaves ovate or somewhat acute or obtuse, thin, 
 somewhat wrinkled, green, sometimes reddish on the margin ; 
 spikes slender, somewhat panicled, 5 to 6 inches long, erect, rather 
 rigid ; bracts ovate-mucronate, whitish ; flowers rose-coloured, very 
 small. Common in the rains. Syn. Achyranthes polygonoides, 
 Retz. Obs. ii, p 12; A digera, Poir. Diet. Suppl. 1. 2, p 11 ; 
 Chamissoa commutata, Spr. syst. 1, p 815; Desmochasta muricata, 
 Wight Ic. t. 732; Achyranthes alternifolia, Linn. M ant. 50 and 
 344; A muricata, B; Willd. sp. i, 1193; D muricata, Mart. Beitr. 
 
219 
 
 A mar. p 77 ; Cladostachys alternifolia, Sweet. Hort, Brit, p 570 ; 
 Chamissoa arabica and Muricata, Spr. syst. i, p 8 Jo. 
 
 12. CYATHULA. 
 
 1 . PROSTRATA, Blume Bijdr. p 549. Stem herbaceous, prostrate 
 or ascending, angular, glabrous ; branches somewhat quadrangular, 
 hairy ; leaves very shortly-petioled, obovate, rhomb or ovate 
 lanceolate-acuminate, pubescent, green above, glaucous beneath ; 
 spikes twiggy ; slender, lax-flowered ; flowers pale-violet ; hooks 
 15 to 20, as long as the calyx, yellowish. Syn. Achyranthes 
 prostrata, Linn. sp. 296 ; Cyathula geniculata, Lour. Fl. Cochin, p 
 102; Desmochseta prostrata, DC. Cat. Mon. Hort. 1813, p 102; 
 Wight Ic. t. 733; Pupalia prostrata, Mart. Beitr. Amarant. p 113; 
 Centaurium ciliare minus, Pluk. Aim. p 93, et Phyt. t, 82, /. 2 ; 
 Achyranthes debilis, Diet. Suppl. 1. 2, p 10; Desmochaeta 
 micrantha, DC. loc. cit., N. 4. 
 
 13. PUPALIA, Juss. 
 
 1 . ATROPURPUREA, Moq. in DC. Prod. 13, p 331 . Stem suflfru- 
 ticose, glabrous, branches ascending, obtusely and obscurely 4-seed- 
 ed, hispid and pubescent, leaves opposite, long-petioled ovate- 
 acuminate, obsoletely mucronulate, hispid and rough, dark-green ; 
 calyx twice as long as the bracts ; hooks numerous, long, dark-purple. 
 Common in Gujarat. Syn. Achyranthes lappacea, Linn. sp. ed. ii, 
 p 95; Celosia lappacea, Med. Bot. Beob. p 160; Achyranthes 
 atropurpurea, Lam. Diet, i, p 546 ; Desmochaeta atropurpurea, 
 DC. Cat. Hort. Monsp. p 102; Wight Ic. t. 731. 
 
 2. LAPPACEA, Moq. loc. cit. Stem herbaceous, erect, villous 
 and pubescent ; branches spreading, somewhat quadrangular, rather 
 tomentose; leaves opposite, shortly-petioled, oval, attenuated at 
 both ends, acuminate-mucronate, shortly villous, hoary and glau- 
 cous; calyx a little longer than the bracts; sepals woolly, 3-nerved ; 
 hooks, few, long, yellow. Common in some parts of Gujarat and 
 Kattywar. Syn. Achyranthes lappacea, Linn. sp. ed. i, p 204 ; A 
 echinata, Retz. Obs. ii, p 12; A patula, Linn. Fil. Suppl. p 160; 
 A lappacea, Echinata, and Patula, Willd. sp. i, 1193; A styraci- 
 folia, Lam. Diet, i, p 546 ; Cadelari lappacea, Medic. Monad, 
 p 92; Desmochgeta flavescens, DC. loc. cit. p 102; D patula, 
 Hcem. and Schult. syst. v, p 550. 
 
 3. OKBICULATA, R.Wight, t. 1783. A spreading procumbent 
 plant ; stem prostrate ; leaves orbicular, retuse, acute at the base, 
 short-petioled, densely villous when young, becoming smoother by 
 age ; fascicles densely tomentose, many-flowered, globular, remote, 
 
220 
 
 with long, brown bristles. The Ghauts. Syn. Achyranthes orbicu- 
 lata, Heyne. Wall. Cyathula orbiculata, Moq. in Prod. 13, p 3*25. 
 
 14. ALTERNANTHERA, Mart. 
 
 1. A SESSILIS, R. Br. Prod, p 417. Stem herbaceous, creep- 
 ing, branched, articulated, a little compressed, striated, pubescent 
 on 2 sides; leaves shortly-petioled, ovate-lanceolate or obovate, 
 entire or denticulate on the margin, glabrous, bright-green ; heads 
 of flowers much shorter than the leaf, 2 to 4 together, spherical ; 
 flowers shining, whitish ; calyx 2 to 3 times longer than the lateral 
 bracts. A common weed. Wight Ic. 617 ; Syn. Achyranthes 
 triaudra, Roxb. Fl. Ind. ed. Wall, ii, 505; Gomphrena sesssilis, 
 Linn. sp. ed. ii, p 300. 
 
 CXI. PLUMBAGINE.E. 
 1. PLUMBAGO, Tournef. 
 
 1. P ZEYLANICA, Linn. sp. i, p 215. Stems shrubby, sub- 
 scandent, striated, much-branched, leaves ovate or oblong, rather 
 acute, shortly and abruptly attenuated into a short stem-clasping 
 petiole; flowers white, disposed in elongated spikes; rachis glan- 
 dular; corol with a slender tube, divisions of the limb cuneate, 
 retuse. Common on rocky places in the Concans. Grows from 
 Cabool to New Holland. 
 
 2. VOGEL1A, Lam. 
 
 1. V ARABICA, Boiss. in DC. Prod. 12, p 696. An erect 
 under shrub, of a singular whitish, glaucous hue ; branches twiggy, 
 striated, dichotomous ; leaves ovate or obovate, sessile or perfoliate, 
 coriaceous, smooth ; flowers small, on long, slender spikes ; corolla 
 tubular, the limb small, divisions emarginate, mucronulate ; sepals 
 lanceolate, undulated. Hunmunt Ghaut and Mount Aboo. Syn. 
 V indica, Gibson in Wight Ic. 1075. It has been found from seed 
 brought from the Cape by Sir W. Harris, that our Indian plant 
 does not differ from the Arabian and African one. 
 
 CXII. SALICACE^E. 
 1. SALIX, Linn. 
 
 1. S TETRASPERMA, Roxb. Cor. PI. i, p 66,*. 97. Catkins 
 lateral peduncled, male long, lax, and few-flowered ; female cylin- 
 dric, rather dense, elongated ; peduncle furnished with 3 to 6 leaves, 
 scales oblong-spathulate, grey and puberulous ; nectary six times 
 
221 
 
 shorter than the pedicel ; capsule long-pedicelled, ovoid, glabrous ; 
 leaves lanceolate, elongated, long-acuminated, generally glaucous 
 beneath, quite entire or serrulated. Wight Ic. 1954, and S. ichno- 
 stachya 1953. Native name " Walloon] " or " Bucha." On the 
 banks of rivulets on the Ghauts, and some way inland ; flowers in 
 the cold weather. 
 
 CXIII. HERNANDIACE^l. 
 1. SARCOSTIGMA, Wight and Arnott. 
 
 1. S KLEINII, W. and A. A climbing, branched shrub, leaves 
 alternate, short-petioled, oblong-oval acuminate, coriaceous, glab- 
 rous, prominently reticulated ; racemes paired, axillary, very long, 
 interrupted, pendulous, the flowers forming numerous sessile fasci- 
 cles ; fruit about the size of a large nutmeg, oval, in long, pendent 
 racemes, of a bright orange colour ; seed exalbuminous. At 
 Chorla Ghaut, and along the Ghauts to the south of this point. 
 The ripe fruit is to be found in April. Wight Ic. 1854. 
 
 CXIV. THYMELACE/E. 
 1. LASIOSIPHON, Fresen. 
 
 1. L SPECIOSUS, DeCaisne in Jacq. Voy. p 147, t. 150. A 
 shrub, with scattered, very shortly-petioled, willow-looking leaves, 
 lanceolate, oblong rather acute ; heads of flowers terminal, sur- 
 rounded by an involucre of oblong, rather hoary, leaflets ; calyx 
 hairy, the lobes ovate-obtuse, with 5 linear bifid scales half their 
 length. Common on the higher Ghauts, as opposite Kandalla, 
 Carlee, &c. &c. ; Syn. Gnidia eriocephala, Graham's Cat. p i 76. 
 
 CXV. LAURACE^E. 
 1. MACHILUS, Nees. 
 
 1. MACRANTHA, Nees. As mall tree with spreading branches ; 
 leaves large, elliptic-acute, glaucous beneath, glabrous, penninerved ; 
 panicles large, pubescent; fruit globose, somewhat depressed, black, 
 size of a large currant. Parwar Ghaut, plentiful. Wight Ic. t. 
 1824. 
 
 2. GLAUCESCENS, Wight Ic. t. 1825. Leaves oblong-lanceo- 
 late, acute at both ends or acuminate, glaucous ; panicles thyrsoid, 
 forming terminal tomentose corymbs ; fruit globose, slightly 
 depressed, about the size of a small gooseberry. The Ghauts. 
 Syn. Phrebe glaucescens, Nees; Wight Ic. 18*^5. 
 
222 
 
 2. ALSEODAPHNE, Nees. 
 
 1. SEMICARPIFOLIA, Nees. Arboreous; leaves obovate, cunei- 
 form, glaucous, glabrous, penninerved beneath ; panicles terminal, 
 cymosely umbelled on the ends of the branches. The Ghauts. 
 Wight Ic. t. 1826. 
 
 3. BEILSCHMIEDIA, Nees. 
 
 1. ROXBURGHIANA, Nees. Arboreous with a straight trunk, 
 and wide-spreading branches ; leaves opposite and alternate, broad 
 lanceolar shining, veined ; racemes solitary, under the leaves, or axil- 
 lary, filaments without glands; nectaries 9 ; anthers bilocular ; berries 
 oblong, glaucous. Wight Ic. t. 1828; Laurus bilocularis, Roxb. 
 Fl. Ind. ii, p 3 1 1. Common on the Ghauts. 
 
 4. CRYPTOCARYA, R. Br. 
 
 1. FLORIBUNDA, Nees. A tree; leaves oval-oblong, abruptly 
 shortly-acuminate, coarsely venoso-reticulate and glaucous beneath, 
 glabrous and shining above, pubescent on the veins beneath ; 
 panicles axillary, the terminal one dichotomous, naked, yellowish, 
 tomentose. Plentiful at Tullawaree. Wight Ic. t. 1829. 
 
 5. TETRANTHERA, Jacquin. 
 
 1. APETALA, Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii, p 819. A middle-sized tree; 
 leaves petioled, oval-obtuse, smooth, shining above, 3 to 5 inches 
 long, 2 to 3 inches broad ; petioles one inch long, round and 
 smooth ; peduncles solitary axillary, as long as the petioles, 3 to 4 
 cleft ; pedicels shorter than the peduncles, each supporting a small 
 umbellet of minute flowers ; male involucre 4-leaved, containing 
 8 to 12 pedicelled corollets ; leaflets orbicular, concave, caducous, 
 perianth none ; calyx campanulate ; female flowers on a separate 
 tree ; involucre and calyx as in the male ; berry globular, smooth, 
 black when ripe and almost dry, of the size of a pea, resting on 
 the clubbed pedicel. At Vingorla ; flowers in June. Syn. tomen- 
 tosa, Roxb. Ex. Wight Ic. t. 1S34 ; flowers apetalous; umbels axil- 
 lary, solitary, peduncled ; leaves elliptic-oblong, somewhat acute at 
 both ends, beneath, with the petioles and young branchlets, whitish 
 tomentose. Common on the Ghauts. 
 
 6. CYLICODAPHNE, Nees. 
 
 1. WIGHTIANA, Nees. A tree with broad-lanceolate leaves, 
 crowded about the ends of the branches, under surface clothed with 
 
223 
 
 rusty-brown pubescence ; umbels racemed, axillary; racemes solitary, 
 shorter than the leaves, clothed with rusty pubescence ; fruit 
 glabrous, the berry half immersed in the cup-shaped truncated 
 tube of the perianth. Wight. Ic. t. 1833. 
 
 7. LITSAEA, Juss. 
 
 1. ZEYLANICA, Nees. Leaves oblong or lanceolate, attenuated 
 at both ends, acuminate, triple-nerved, glaucous beneath ; ribs 
 of the leaves, petioles, and young branches finely yellowish silky; 
 flower-buds globose, contracted at the base. Parvvar Ghaut. 
 Wight. Ic. *. 132 and 1844. 
 
 SUB-ORDER. CASSYTHACE.E. 
 1. CASSYTHA, Linn. 
 
 1. FILIFORMIS, Linn. Willd. sp. ii, 487. A parasitic, herba- 
 ceous plant, leafless, consisting of long twining cord-like stems 
 from a papilliform root; flowers small, in simple or compound 
 spikes ; flowers like those of the preceding order ; fruit size of a 
 pea, one-seeded, a little fleshy. Hook. Exot. Fl. t. 167; Jacq. 
 Amer. Stirp. t. 79. Very common in hedges. 
 
 CXVI. SANTALACE^E. 
 
 1. OSYRIS, Linn. 
 
 1. WIGHTIANA, Wall. List 4036. Shrubby, very ramous, 
 glabrous ; young shoots 3-sided, with prominent, sharp angles ; 
 leaves from oblong-elliptic lanceolate to elliptic-obovate mucronate; 
 male flowers umbellato-capitulate ; peduncles axillary, shorter than 
 the leaves, 6 to 8-flowered ; female peduncles axillary, 1 to 3-flower- 
 ed, lengthening as the fruit advances ; ovary conical ; limb of the 
 perianth 3-lobed ; style short ; stigma 3-lobed ; fruit size of a small 
 Sloe, red when ripe. Wight Ic. t. 1853. Common on the Ghauts. 
 
 2. SPILEROCARYA, Wall. 
 
 1 . S LEPROSA, Dalz. in Hook. Jour. Bot. iii, p 34. A tree ; 
 leaves oblong, coriaceous, glabrous, rounded at the base, acute at 
 the apex ; flowers subsessile, clustered on a scaly, axillary tubercle ; 
 calyx with 5 very short semiorbicular divisions ; petals linear-acute; 
 filaments adnate to the petals ; fruit spherical, nearly an inch in 
 diameter, covered with scurfy scales. In the Warfee Country ; 
 flowers in the cold season. 
 
224 
 
 3. SANTALUM, Linn. 
 
 1. S ALBUM, Linn. sp. p 497. A small tree, with ovate-elliptic 
 leaves, acute at the base, 1 .3 to 2J inches long; panicle of flowers 
 terminal and lateral, shorter than the leaf, its divisions 3-flowered ; 
 flowers small, purplish j berry size of a large pea, dark-purple, 
 shining. A native of the Southern Maratha Country, but planted 
 in gardens as far north as Gujarat, where it thrives well. This 
 yields the Sandal-wood of commerce ; all the other species of this 
 genus belong to Australasia. Found also in some Kooruns south- 
 west of Poona. 
 
 CXVII. EL^EAGNACE^E. 
 
 1. EL^EAGNUS, Linn. 
 
 1. E. KOLOGA, Schlecht. in DC. Prod. 14, p 611. A large 
 climbing shrub ; branchlets densely covered with ferruginous, shin- 
 ing scales ; leaves elliptic, acute or obtuse, green and smooth 
 above along with the flowers, silvery and shining beneath ; flowers 
 axillary, pedicelled, deflexed, on short leafy branches ; fruit elliptic, 
 sive of an Olive, eatable. Common on the Ghauts. Syn. E con- 
 ferta, Graham's List; E latifolia, Wight Ic. 1856. Native names 
 " Nurgi" and " Ambgool." 
 
 CXVIII. ARtSTOLOCHIACE^:. 
 
 1. ARISTOLOCHIA, Tournef. 
 
 1. A. ACUMINATA, Willd. iv, 157. Perennial, twining, smooth ; 
 leaves petioled, cordate entire, somewhat acuminate ; racemes 
 axillary, simple or compound, drooping, shorter than the leaves ; 
 petioles 1 inch long, slightly channelled ; corol with a funnel-shaped 
 tube, and long, linear, acute laminae; capsule pear-shaped, about 2 
 inches long, dehiscing, with 5 valves. Very rare ; we have seen 
 this on the banks of the Chapora River at Muneree, in the Warree 
 Country ; also on Parr Ghaut leading to Mahableshwur. 
 
 2. A INDICA, Willd. iv, 157. Shrubby, twining; leaves peti- 
 oled, linear-wedgeformed or obovate, 3-nerved, pointed, waved 
 smooth, 2 to 4 inches long ; racemes axillary, shorter than the 
 leaves ; flowers erect, dark-coloured ; capsules oblong, pendulous. 
 Hills throughout the Concan, not very common. " Sampsun " 
 
 3. A BRACTEATA, Retz. Obs. 80. Stem and branches weak, 
 trailing on the ground ; leaves reniform, glaucous ; flowers axillary, 
 solitary-peduncled ; peduncles furnished at the base with a kidney- 
 shaped, curled, sessile bract ; flowers of a dark-purple colour, hairy 
 
225 
 
 inside. In the black soil of Gujarat and the Deccan. This and 
 the preceding are nauseously bitter. These plants have a reputation 
 as antidotes to smike-bites, but their qualities in this respect are 
 more than doubtful. A. indica has, however, decidedly active 
 qualities as a remedy in bowel affections, and Bracteata, a merited 
 reputation as an antiperiodic in intermittent fevers. " Keeramar," 
 Maratha. 
 
 2. BRAGANTIA, Lour. 
 
 1. B WALLICHII, R. Br. Dioecious; leaves oblong-lanceolate, 
 3-nerved at the base ; tube of the perianth smooth, lobes of the 
 limb acutish; anthers 9, triad elphous; pistil very short; stigmas 9, 
 radiating, united at the base, three of them bifid ; fruit like a 
 siliqua, slender, about 4 inches long, terete. Southern Concan, 
 rare. At Kullumbeest, in the Warree Country; Canara, common. 
 Wight Ic. 520. 
 
 CXIX. PIPERACEJE. 
 
 1. PIPER, Linn. 
 
 1. SYLVESTRE (Lam.), Miquel syst. p 314. Stem shrubby, 
 scandent, rooting ; leaves membranaceous, pellucido-punctate, gla- 
 brous, green above, glaucous beneath, ovate-acuminate, oblique 
 at the base, or in the lower ones somewhat cordate and equal, 7- 
 nerved, the three middle ones extending to the apex ; male catkins 
 ped uncled, filiform, pendulous ; bracts linear-oblong ; female about 
 the length of the leaves; bracts linear-oblong ; female about the length 
 of the leaves ; bracts oblong, roughish beneath ; stigmas 4-reflexed, 
 deciduous. Miquel in Hook. Jour. Bot. v. p 552 : Wight Ic. t. 
 1937. 
 
 2. PEPEROMIA, Ruiz, and Pavon. 
 
 1. PORTULACOIDES (Dietr. Miq.), Miquel syst. p 130. Succu- N 
 lent, glabrous, sparingly branched, creeping, deeply rooting, leafless 
 below ; leaves opposite, upper ones ternate, short-petioled, succulent, 
 gland uloso-punctate, obovate, oblong, or subspathulate, obsoletely 
 3, rarely 5-nerved ; catkins axillary and terminal, solitary, longish- 
 peduncled, shorter than the peduncles, cylindrical obtuse. Common 
 on the Southern Ghauts on moist rocks, or on branches of trees. 
 Miquel in Hook. Jour. Bot. v, p 550; Wight Ic. t. 1922. 
 
 CXX. EUPHORBIACEJE. 
 
 1. EUPHORBIA, Linn. 
 
 1. E NIVULIA, Ham. in Linn. Trans, xiv, 286. A large 
 shrub ; branches round, naked below, leafy at the apex ; stipulary. 
 
 29 c 
 
226 
 
 spines naked, paired, spirally set ; leaves tongue-shaped, mucronate, 
 very fleshy, 4 to 6 inches long (the branchlets come oft" in whorls of 
 four) ; peduncles solitary or twin, in the axil of the fallen leaf, half 
 an inch long, 3-flowered at the apex, of which the central one comes 
 out first in February, while the lateral ones are but undeveloped 
 buds. The centre flower consists of five thick, fleshy scales, alter- 
 nate, with five thinner scales fringed on the margin and imbricate 
 in aestivation ; stamens 40, in 5 bundles, each bundle of 7 to 8 
 stamens, surrounded by branched and tattered fringes ; ovary of 
 the central flower abortive. Wight Ic. 1862; Syn. E neriifolia, 
 Hort. Beng. 36; Tithymalus zeylanicus, Pluk. Aim. 369; Rheed. 
 Mai. ii, t. 43. Gujarat and Sind, common. 
 
 2. E NERIIFOLIA, Willd. sp. ii, 885. Shrubby, often arboreous ; 
 branches sharply 5-angled ; stipulary thorns twin ; leaves subsessile, 
 oblong, about 3 inches long, and much less fleshy than those of 
 the preceding. Bombay, Concan, and Deccan. The common 
 Milk-bush. Native name " Thor." Syn. Ligularia, Herb. Amb. 
 Iv. 88, t. 40 ; E ligularia, Hort. Beng. 
 
 3. E ANTIQUORUM, Willd. sp. ii, 881. A. large, leafless shrub; 
 branches spreading, triangular, armed with double spines at the 
 protuberances of the angles ; peduncles solitary or in pairs, 
 3-flowered ; flowers in the cold season. Rheed. Mai. ii, t. 42. A 
 rather scarce species. In Severndroog Fort; Goregaum, in the 
 Concan; Falls of Gokak. 
 
 4. ACAULIS, Roxb. Stemless, unarmed ; root very large, fusi- 
 form, perennial ; leaves radical, fleshy, cuneiform, with curled 
 margins ; peduncles from the crown of the root 5 to 7-flowered. 
 The leaves are often spotted, as if with blood. The root is used 
 medicinally. Mahableshwur, Braminwara range, Sawunt Warree. 
 
 5. E ROTHIANA, Spr. An erect, smooth, herbaceous plant ; 
 leaves oblong-lanceolate, tapering towards the base, glabrous ; 
 whorls 3 to 5-branched ; branches 2, or in the old plants, 
 3 times dichotomous, with broad, cordate, subperfoliate bracts 
 at each fork ; flowers solitary in the fork. Wight Ic. 1864. On 
 the Ghauts ; in fields at Dasgaum ; in the black soil of Gujarat. 
 A glaucous, dichotomous plant, one foot high ; flowers in the cold 
 weather. E lacta, Roth; E glauca, Roxb. Fl Ind. ii, 473. 
 
 6. E STROBILIFERA, Dalz. in Hook. Jour. Bot. iii, p 229. 2 to 
 3 feet high, smooth; stem erect, round, naked at the base, dichoto- 
 mously branched towards the top ; flowers racemose, terminal on 
 the branches ; bracts cordate, ovate-oblique, mucronate, imbricated 
 scariose, reticulated, 1 to 2 inches long; capsule pubescent; 
 petaloid scales oblique, somewhat wedge-shaped. On rocks in the 
 Warree Country ; flowers in February ; leaves none. Syn. E 
 rupestris, Law (?) in Graham's Catalogue, p 251. 
 
227 
 
 7. E THYMIFOLIA, Willd. ii, 898. A common weed; stems 
 red, hairy, prostrate ; leaves opposite, obliquely ovate-serrate ; 
 calyx and corol of four semilateral parts each. Commonly found 
 on gravel walks. 
 
 8. E HIRTA, Willd. ii, 897. Annual, hairy, obliquely-erect, 
 with the apices recurved ; leaves opposite, obliquely-oblong, serru- 
 late ; flowers small, numerous, in globular, axillary, shortly- 
 peduncled clusters. A common weed. 
 
 9. E PARVIFLORA, Willd. ii, 898. Very like the last, but 
 easily distinguished by its smoothness, and its having fewer flowers ; 
 leaves obliquely-oblong, serrulate, smooth ; flowers few, peduncled 
 between the leaves. Wot so common as the preceding. 
 
 10. E UNIFLORA, Roxb. Fl Ind. ii, 473. Annual, dichoto- 
 mous, diffuse, filiform, smooth ; leaves somewhat linear, with the 
 base obliquely-cordate, and serrulated towards the apex ; flowers 
 solitary; capsules smooth. Rather rare. Our specimens are from 
 Dasgaum, in the Concan. 
 
 2. EXCCECAR1A, Linn. 
 
 1. E AGALLOCHA, Willd. iv, 864. A small tree; leaves about 
 the extremities of the branchlets alternate, petioled, ovate or ovate- 
 cordate, serrulate, smooth ; flowers in aments, axillary ; male ones 
 often crowded ; female solitary ; capsule 3-lobed, with 3 recurv- 
 ed styles; the flowers are triandrous, and very fragrant. In salt 
 marshes, not very common. The white, milky juice is said to be 
 highly acrid and dangerous. 
 
 3. FALCONERA, Royle. 
 
 1. F MALABARICA, R. Wight Ic. 1866. A small tree, with 
 thick, spreading branches; leaves large, ovate-oblong or lanceolate- 
 serrate, quite smooth, bigiandular at the base ; flowers in long, 
 naked, rigid spikes, appearing when the tree is destitute of leaves; 
 fruit purple, size of a pea. Found sparingly on the hills from 
 Nassick to Vingorla. The milky juice is of a highly poisonous 
 nature. No. 1314 of Graham's Catalogue. 
 
 o 
 
 4. MICROSTACHYS, Juss. 
 
 1. M MER CUR i ALTS, Juss. Euphorb. Annual, erect-branched; 
 leaves ovate-cordate, serrate, smooth, from 1 to 2| inches long; 
 racemes axillary, solitary, as long as the leaves, filiform, cernuous^ 
 few-flowered ; male perigonium 3-leaved, oval-pointed ; female 
 6-leaved; jstigma 3-cleft, spreading; capsule 3-celled. Southern 
 Concan. Syn. T ragia mercurialis, Willd. iv, 324. 
 
228 
 
 2. M CHAM^LEA, Juss. Erect, slender, and smooth, with 
 narrow-linear leaves. Common about Vingorla. 
 
 o 
 
 5. TRAGIA, Linn. 
 
 1. T INVOLUCRATA, Willd. iv, 324. A perennial, twining plant, 
 the tender parts hairy ; leaves petioled, oblong, 3-nerved, pointed, 
 serrate, hairy ; stipules cordate ; racemes leal-opposed, ped uncled, 
 erect, 1 to 2 female flowers on each, with the calyx pinnatifid. 
 A formidable plant ; a sting from the hairs is very painful. In 
 shady places on the Ghauts, common. 
 
 2. T CANNABINA, Willd. iv, 326. Shrubby, climbing, 4 to 5 
 feet high ; leaves petioled, 3-divided, serrate, hairy, 2 to 4 inches 
 long ; stipules half lanceolate ; racemes erect, many-flowered ; male 
 flowers numerous on the upper part of the raceme, very small, 
 yellow, each with three bracts ; female flowers beneath the male, 
 two on each raceme, with the calyx-leaflets pinnatifid. This plant 
 also stings like the Nettle. In hedges in Gujarat and the Deccan. 
 
 6. ACALYPHA, Linn. 
 
 1. A CILIATA, Willd. iv, 522. A common weed, annual; 
 leaves ovate-acuminate serrate ; spikes axillary, shorter than the 
 petioles ; involucres pectinated tomentose, one-flowered. 
 
 2. A INDICA, Willd. iv, 523. An annual weed ; leaves 
 petioled, round-ovate, 3-nerved, serrate, smooth, minutely dotted, 
 2 inches long ; involucre cup-shaped, striated, smooth, toothed. 
 Wight Ic. 877; Rheed. Mai. x, t. 81, 83. 
 
 7. MACARANGA, Thouars. 
 
 1. M ROXBURGHII, Wight, under Ic. 1883. A small tree, with 
 entire peltate ovate-cordate leaves, 3-nerved, hairy beneath ; 
 petioles as long as the leaves ; panicles thin, axillary, erect ; flowers 
 minute ; filaments three, as long as the calyx ; capsule round, size 
 of a pea, fleshy, covered with clammy, waxy grains. Very common 
 in the Concan and Ghaut jungles. Syn. Osyris peltata, Roxb. Fl. 
 Ind. iii, p 755. Native name " Chanda." Wight Ic. 817. 
 
 8. GIVOTIA, Griffith. 
 
 1. ROTTLERIFORMIS, Griff., Wight. Ic. 1889. A small, ramous 
 tree ; leaves alternate-cordate, or somewhat lobed, clothed with 
 whfte stellate pubescence beneath, subglabrous above ; petioles often 
 furnished with 1 to "2 prominent glands ; panicles terminal ; flowers 
 congested or subcapitate on the ends of the ramuli ; pedicels 
 
229 
 
 jointed, usually furnished with a filiform bract; stamens about 15, 
 hairy at the base ; fruit oblong, about the size of a pigeon's egg ; 
 nut very hard ; seed oily ; wood very porous ; used for making 
 imitations of fruit at Gokak. Sparingly found in the northern parts 
 of the Deccan, also in the Southern Maratha Country. 
 
 9. JATROPHA, Kunth. 
 
 1. J GLANDULIFERA, Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii, 688. A short, stout 
 shrub, dichotomously branched above; leaves alternate- petioled, 
 sometimes entire, but generally palmately lobed ; lobes 3 to 5, oblong 
 or lanceolate, acutely serrate, each serrature ending in a capitate 
 bristle ; panicles terminal, short, few-flowered ; bracts bristly ; male 
 flowers small, of a pale, greenish-yellow colour ; capsule 3-lobed, 
 smooth, oblong, size of a small filbert. Employed by the natives 
 in the same manner as the following. At Punderpore, in the 
 Deccan, plentiful. 
 
 2. J NANA, Dalz. A shrub, 1 to 1| foot high, all smooth; 
 root woody, as thick as the finger ; stem round, smooth, very little 
 branched ; branches erect ; leaves large for the size of the plant, 
 sessile or shortly-petioled, broadly-ovate, entire or trilobate ; lobes 
 obtuse, central much the largest, 4 to 6 inches long and broad, pale 
 beneath, 3-nerved ; flowers panicled, terminal, few, 3 to 5 on each 
 division ; stipules minute ; flowers solitary, pedicelled, subtended 
 by a subulate bract half its length ; calyx leaves six, small, 
 subulate ; fruit obovoid, flattened at the top, slightly six-sulcated, 
 of the same size as the preceding. Rare, in waste, stony places near 
 Poona. Native name " Kirkundee." Employed in Ophthalmia 
 as a counter-irritant. 
 
 10. HEMICYCLIA, Wight & Arnott. 
 
 1. SEPIARIA, W. and A., Edin. New. Phil. Jour, xiv, 297; 
 Wight Ic. t. 1872. A middle-sized tree; leaves glabrous, oblong 
 or obovate-retuse, slightly toothed or waved on the margin ; flowers 
 numerous, minute, whitish, 2 lines broad ; male flowers with 8 to 
 1 1 stamens surrounding a flat disk, no rudiment of ovary ; female 
 flowers with concave crenated stigma ; drupe nearly round, red. 
 Thwaites in Hook. Jour. Bot. vii, p 271. Wood very hard and 
 close-grained. 
 
 2. H VENUSTA, Thwaites in Hook. Jour. Bot. vii. A small- 
 branched tree ; extreme branches slender, gracefully drooping on all 
 sides; leaves oblong elliptic-lanceolate, acuminate, waved on the 
 margin, entire, glabrous ; flowers axillary ; males fascicled, short- 
 pedicelled; male calyx 4-parted, tomentose, concave, 2 exterior 
 
230 
 
 concealing the others in aestivation ; female flowers in pairs ; stigma 
 large, sessile. Hills in the Dharwar Zillah. Syn. Astylis venusta. 
 Wight. Ic. 1992. 
 
 11. ROTTLERA, Roxb. 
 
 1. R DICOCCA, Roxb. Fl Ind. iii, 829. A half-scandent shrub, 
 about 5 feet high ; leaves large, round-cordate, 3-nerved ; racemes 
 terminal and axillary ; capsule dicoccous, tomentose. In the 
 Southern, Concan, very common. 
 
 2. R MAPPOIDES, Dalz. in Hook. Jour. Bot. Arboreous, dioe- 
 cious ; leaves long-petioled, cordate-peltate, acuminate when old, 
 smooth above, beneath densely clothed with a whitish or ferrugi- 
 nous, starry tomentum ; male flowers spiked ; spikes axillary, com- 
 pound ; flowers clustered 5 to 6 together, naked ; female spikes 
 terminal, 4 to 5 inches long, densely covered with ferruginous 
 tomentum. Differs in some important particulars from Roxburgh's 
 R peltata, to which it is nearly allied. Syn. R peltata, Wight Ic. 
 1873. Canara, common. 
 
 3. R AUREOPUNCTATA, Dalz. in Hook. Jour. Bot. iii, p 122. 
 A dkecious shrub ; leaves opposite, oblong-obovate, acuminate, 
 attenuated towards the base, shortly-petioled, smooth and shining 
 above, sprinkled beneath with stellate hairs, and golden-coloured 
 scales ; stipules linear caducous ; flowers racemose ; racemes simple, 
 axillary and terminal, shorter than the leaf; male flowers fascicled, 
 about 5 together ; calyx 4-divided, divisions broadly ovate, reflexed ; 
 female raceme 4 to 5-flowered ; calyx spathaceous, split on one 
 side ; capsule 9 lines in diameter, clothed with soft hairy bristles. 
 Noticed in Graham's list under 1334. Shady jungles in the Ghauts 
 and hilly parts of the Concan ; Meera Hills. 
 
 4. R URANDA, Dalz. loc. cit. p 229. A shrub; branchlets 
 glabrous ; leaves narrow-oblong, obtusely acuminate, coriaceous, 
 shining, attenuated into the petiole, serrulated, the serratures cal- 
 lous-pointed ; male flowers racemose, smooth ; racemes axillary, 
 solitary, shorter than the leaf; female flowers axillary, solitary, 
 with a very long peduncle, naked and smooth, 3 inches long; 
 capsules bilocular, smooth. Well distinguished by the unusually 
 long peduncles of the solitary female flowers. Phoonda and other 
 Ghauts; in flower and fruit in November. 
 
 5. R TINCTORIA, Willd. iv, 823. Arboreous; leaves alternate 
 ovate-oblong, 3-nerved, with 2 glands at the base ; panicles axillary 
 and terminal ; capsules covered with a red, mealy powder, used to 
 dye red. Common in the Concan and Ghaut jungles. Native 
 name u Shendree." 
 
231 
 
 12. TREWIA, Linn. 
 
 1. T NUDIFLORA, Willd. iv, 834. A rather large tree, with 
 opposite cordate-acuminate leaves, something like those of the 
 Bendy tree; mate flowers in pendulous racemes, the female 
 solitary ; fruit a berry, 3 to 4-celled. Very plentiful at Banda, 
 in the Warree Country ; also at Bassein ; between Nagotna and the 
 Pass leading to Indapore. The native name is " Petaree," as 
 stated by Graham. " Petaree" is also the Rottlera dicocca ; Wight 
 Ic. 1870-71; Rheed. Mai. i, t. 42. 
 
 13. ADELIA, Linn. 
 
 1. A NERIIFOLIA, Roxb. Fl Ind. iii, 849. A dioecious shrub, 
 2 to 3 feet high ; leaves alternate, linear-lanceolate, willow-like ; 
 spikes of flowers red, axillary, solitary, slender. Common in the 
 beds of rivers along with Trichaurus ericoides. Wight Ic. 1868. 
 
 2. A RETUSA, J. Graham Cat. p 185. A low shrub; leaves 
 alternate, sessile, obovate-cuneate, retuse, slightly crenate ; flowers 
 axillary, 2 to 3 together ; stamens very numerous. The flowers 
 appear in March and April. Pretty common in the beds of the 
 Deccan rivers. Wight Ic. 1869; male only. 
 
 14. CROTON, Linn. 
 
 1. C UMBELLATUM, Willd. A shrub, 5 to 6 feet high; leaves 
 ovate oblong-acuminate, entire, glabrous on both sides; flowers 
 terminal, small, white, umbelled. Chorla Ghaut ; flowers in the 
 cold weather. Wight Ic. 1874. 
 
 2. C HYPOLEUCOS, Dalz. in Hook. Jour. Bot. iii, 123. Small 
 tree, monoecious; branches, petioles, and rachis covered with fer- 
 ruginous tomentum ; leaves elliptic, acute at both ends, entire, 
 long-petioled, covered sparingly above and densely beneath with 
 white, stellate, silvery scales, and having 2 to 4 stipitate glands 
 at the base ; racemes axillary and terminal, as long as the leaves ; 
 male flowers numerous, above ; female few, below. In shady jun- 
 gles on the Concan Hills. Native name " Panduray." We do not 
 think that this differs from the C bicolor of Roxb. (Fl. Ind. iii, p 
 680), who says it is a native of Sumatra. 
 
 3. C OBLONGIFOLIUM, Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii, p 685. Arboreous ; 
 leaves large, oblong, serrate, obtuse-pointed, smooth on both sides, 
 2-glanded at the base ; racemes terminal, generally solitary, erect, 
 shorter than the leaves ; flowers male and female mixed, small, of a 
 pale-greenish colour ; capsule globular, fleshy, six-furrowed, tricoc- 
 cous. Southern Concan, rare; in the fort of Banda. Native name 
 " Gunsoor." Used medicinally by the natives to reduce Swellings. 
 
232 
 
 4. C GIBSONIANUS, Nimmo in Grab. Cat. p 251. A tree, 15 
 feet high, with smooth, whitish bark ; leaves oval-acuminate entire, 
 of a yellowish-green, sometimes reddish ; inflorescence in lateral 
 spikes ; male flowers below the female ; calyx 5-divided, that of 
 the female flower larger and increasing with the fruit ; capsule 
 greenish-yellow when ripe, of the size of a cherry ; seeds spotted, 
 not unlike those of the Castor Oil plant. Hurrychunder and hills 
 of Alun, and Koorun near Nassick. Used as a remedy for 
 Rheumatism. 
 
 5. C LAWIANUS, Nimmo loc. cit. A small tree, with oblong- 
 lanceolate, coriaceous, smooth leaves, larger than the preceding, 
 4 to 5 inches long ; capsule spherical, trilobate, nearly an inch in 
 diameter, smooth, surrounded by the enlarged foliaceous wax-like 
 calyx leaves. Beemasunker, Meera Hills, &c. 
 
 15. AGROSTISTACHYS, Dalz. 
 
 1. A INDICA, Dalz. in Hook. Jour. Bot. ii, p 41. A rare 
 shrub, rising to the height of 5 to 6 feet ; leaves alternate, petioled, 
 oblong, long-acuminated at both ends, serrate-dentate, smooth, 12 
 to 15 inches long; male flowers in grass-like spikelets, above the 
 axils, small ; female flowers on a separate bush, solitary, pedicelled ; 
 capsule 3-celled; seeds solitary, of the size of a pea. Near 
 Tulkut Ghaut. 
 
 16. BALIOSPERMUM, Blume. 
 
 1. B POLYANDRUM, Wight Ic. 1885. Suffruticose ; leaves 
 large, oval, often lobed, toothed or coarsely and remotely serrated ; 
 spikes axillary, about the length of the petioles, 1 to 2 ; female 
 flowers at their base ; anther cells transverse ; ovary 3-celled ; style 
 deeply 3-cleft ; capsule hispid. Northern hills of Caranjah ; Ghauts 
 to the north of Braminwara range ; Kotool. Syn. Croton poly- 
 andrum, Roxb. Fl Ind. iii, 682. This is the " Jumalgota" of the 
 native druggists ; one seed is a dose for an adult. 
 
 17. CROZOPHORA, Necker. 
 
 1. C PLICATA. An annual, erect plant, having a hoary ap- 
 pearance ; leaves 2 1 inches long, petioled, broad-cordate, waved, 
 sublobate ; racemes terminal, few-flowered ; petals elliptic, covered 
 with stellate scales on the outside, and 3 lines of white hairs on the 
 inside ; capsule rough. Common in fields in the Raighur Talooka, 
 Deccan and Gujarat in the cold weather. Syn. C tinctorium, 
 Burm. ; bark very tough. 
 
233 
 
 2. C PROSTRATA, Dalz. Procumbent, humifuse ; leaves 1 inch 
 long, dark-coloured, much wrinkled and bullate ; inflorescence as in 
 the preceding. We believe this to be a very distinct species, 
 never having seen intermediate forms. Syn. Croton plicatum, 
 Willd. (?) Found commonly in dried-tip water-holes. 
 
 18. BRIEDELIA, Willd. 
 
 1. B SCANDENS, Willd. iv, 979. Shrubby, scandent, with 
 long, weak branches, their extremities flower-bearing and pendu- 
 lous ; leaves alternate, short-petioled, oval-entire, downy beneath, 
 with numerous prominent parallel veins ; flowers small, axillary, 
 crowded, yellowish-green ; berries black, succulent when ripe. 
 Common in the hilly parts of the Concan. Syn. Cluytia scandens, 
 Roxb. Cor. PI t. 173. 
 
 2. B MONTANA, Willd. iv, 978. A tree with short, thick 
 trunk, and spreading branches; leaves obovate or cuneate, smooth, 
 entire, 2 to 3 inches long ; veins as in the preceding ; flowers 
 small, green, axillary, crowded, sessile ; berry globular, succulent, 
 size of a pea. The flowers appear in April ; the tree is with or with- 
 out thorns, according to situation and soil. Syn. B spinosa, 
 Willd. loo. cit.; Cluytia spinosa, Roxb. Cor. t. 172. Native name 
 " Asauna." The wood is excellent, and stands exposure to water. 
 On the Ghauts, common. 
 
 19. ANOMOSPERMUM, Dalz. 
 
 1. A EXCELSUM, Dalz. in Hook. Jour. Bot. (1851), p 228. 
 Arboreous, monoecious ; leaves alternate, sti puled, coriaceous, 
 smooth shining, elliptic, acute at both ends, 6 to 7 inches long ; 
 flowers axillary, fascicled on longish pedicels; male and female 
 mixed ; calyx 5-leaved, much larger than the petals ; fruit-bearing 
 pedicels drooping ; capsules smooth, about an inch in diameter. 
 Syn. Actephila neilgherrensis, Wight Ic. 1910 (1852). Closely 
 allied to the Cluytia collina and Patula of Roxburgh. As Miers 
 has a genus of the same name in Menispermacese, it is 
 doubtful whether this will stand. Hab. Phoonda Ghaut; seed 
 without albumen. 
 
 20. PHYLLANTHUS, Swartz. 
 
 1. P MADRASPATENSIS, Linn., Var. Gracilis, Roxb. Fl Ind. iii, 
 655. Perennial, erect, twiggy, 2 to 3 feet high ; leaves bifarious, 
 oblong or cuneate-lanceolate ; flowers axillary, 3 to 5 males, and 
 1 female ; capsule smooth ; styles 3, bifid at apex ; seeds brown, 
 beautifully marked like basket-work. Wight Ic. Ib95, j%. 3 ; 
 dehiscence of anthers longitudinal. 
 30 c 
 
234 
 
 2. P NIRURI, Linn. Annual, erect-branched ; branches her- 
 baceous, ascending ; floriferous branchlets filiform ; leaves elliptic, 
 mucronate entire, glabrous ; male and female flowers in separate 
 axils, male on the lower ones ; dehiscence of anthers transverse, 
 glands in the female bifid and trifid ; capsule globose, smooth, 
 2 seeds in each cell; seeds triangular. A common weed. Wight 
 Ic. 1894. 
 
 3. P SIMPLEX, Willd. Perennial, diffuse ; branches flattened ; 
 leaves bifarious, lanceolate, sessile, smooth, entire, three-quarters 
 of an inch long ; stipules obliquely cordate ; flowers axillary, male and 
 female mixed ; capsule minutely tubercled ; seeds black, muricated ; 
 dehiscence of anthers transverse ; styles divided to the base. This 
 is an example of Wight's genus Macraea, separated by him on 
 account of the filaments bein^ separate. 
 
 4. P POLYPHYLLUS, Willd. A shrub; floriferous branchlets 
 many-leaved; leaves linear, obtuse-mucronate, minute ; flowers 
 axillary ; female ones above; stamens monadelphous; anthers vertical, 
 cohering. Fringes the banks of rivers towards the Ghauts. Wight 
 Ic. 1895, fig. 2 ; Syn. P lawii, Graham's Cat. p 181. 
 
 21. MELANTHESA, Blume. 
 
 1. M TURBINATA, Wight. Ic. 1897. Shrubby or arboreous; 
 floriferous branchlets bifarious ; leaves oval-obtuse, entire, some- 
 times unequal-sided ; flowers axillary, male and female in the same 
 axil ; male flower turbinate, six-lobed ; female calyx deeply 
 6-lobed, enlarging with the fruit, red ; fruit when ripe dry and 
 capsular ; seeds 3, angular, arilled at the base. Malabar and 
 Worlee Hills, Bombay; Concan jungles, common. Syn. Phyllan- 
 thus turbinatus, Roxb. Fl Ind. iii, 666. 
 
 22. ANISONEMA, Juss. 
 
 1. A MULTIFLORA, Wight Ic. 1899. Shrubby, climbing, 
 primary branches twiggy ; young shoots pubescent ; floriferous 
 branchlets angular ; leaves oval-obtuse, bifarious ; flowers axillary 
 aggregated, several males, and usually one female ; male flowers 
 purplish ; berries size of a pea, dark-purple or black, very common, 
 almost always near water or damp places. This species extends 
 to Sind, where it is found in the forests of great size, climbing to 
 the tops of the highest trees. Syn. Phyllanthus multiflorus, 
 Willd. 
 
 23. CERATOGYNUM, Wight. 
 
 1. C. RHAMNOIDES, Wight Ic. 1900.-- -1 to 1 } foot high, 
 a little shrubby ; young shoots angular ; leaves alternate, short- 
 
235 
 
 petioled, spreading, broad-oval ; exterior ones largest, below whitish, 
 entire, half to three-quarters of an inch long ; male flowers racemed 
 from the lower axils ; female flowers in the upper axils, solitary, 
 short-pedtmcler), drooping ; flowers curious ; capsule size of a pea. 
 Rare, at Vingorla ; flowers in July. Syn. Phyllanthus rhamnoides, 
 Willd. iv, 580. 
 
 24. EMBLICA, Gaert. 
 
 1. E OFFICINALIS, Gaert.; Arboreous, branched; floriferous 
 branchlets many-leaved ; leaves linear-oblong, obtuse at both ends ; 
 flowers axillary, clustered, small, yellowish ; appear at the begin- 
 ning of the hot season ; drupe fleshy, globular, smooth/- striated ; nut 
 obovate, obtusely triangular, 3-celled; seeds 2 in each cell. The 
 fruit is ripe in October. Native name " Awla." The wood is hard 
 and durable, particularly under water ; the bark is strongly astrin- 
 gent, and is employed in the cure of Diarrhoea; the fruit is made 
 into pickles. Syn. Phyllanthus emblica, Willd. iv, 587. Concans 
 and Deccan. 
 
 25. GLOCHIDION, Forst. 
 
 1 . G LANCEOLARIUM, Dalz. Arboreous, smooth ; leaves short- 
 petioled, lanceolate, obtusely acuminate, shining; flowers axillary 
 fascicled ; the male flowers on longish slender peduncles ; female 
 few and sessile ; stipules obliquely ovate-acute ; capsule small, 
 depressed, turnip-shaped, grooved, 6-celled, 12-valved; seeds 
 2 in each cell. Very common on the Ghauts. No. 1328 of 
 Graham's Catalogue. Syn. Bradleia lanceolaria, Roxb. Native 
 name " Bhoma." The wood is hard and durable. 
 
 2. G NITIDUM, Dalz. Subarboreous ; leaves large, sessile, 
 ovate-oblong, acute, shining smooth ; fascicles of flowers very 
 shortly-peduncled, supra-axillary ; male and female mixed ; capsules 
 subglobular, small; apex a little depressed, 5 to 6-celled, 10 to 12- 
 striated, 10 to 12-valved; flowers in January. Near water in the 
 Southern Concan ; at Vingorla. Syn. Bradleia nitida, Roxb. Fl 
 Ind. iii, p 699. 
 
 26. STYLODISCUS, Bennet. 
 
 1. S TRIFOLIATUS, Benn. in Horsf. PL Jav. A large tree 
 of quick growth ; trunk erect ; branches spreading, forming an 
 extensive, close, shady head; leaves petioled, ternate; leaflets 
 oblong-acuminate, serrated, smooth, 4 to 6 inches long ; panicles 
 axillary or supra-axillary, as long as the leaves, composed of 
 numerous small greenish flowers ; calyx 5-leaved ; corol none ; 
 stigma peltate, with 10 rays ; capsule size of a small cherry, round, 
 smooth, 3-celled. Wood very hard; Chorla Ghaut, plentiful. 
 Native name " Boke." Syn. Microclus rceperianus, W. and A. 
 
236 
 
 Edin. Phil. Jour, xiv, 298; Bischofila, Blume Bijdr. 1163; 
 Andrachne trifoliata, Koxb. Fl Ind. iii, 728. 
 
 27. FLUGGEA, Willd. 
 
 1. F LEUCOPYRUS, Willd. Shrubby, dioecious; leaves small, 
 obovate-curieate, subretuse ; flowers small, axillary, crowded ; male 
 flowers pentandrous ; calyx 5-leaved ; leaflets oval-concave ; berries 
 round, pure white, smooth, size of a small pea, succulent; 3-celled. 
 Wight Ic. 1875. Common in the Concans. Syn. Phyllanthus 
 retusus, Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii, p o'57. 
 
 2. F VIROSA, Dalz. A poor-looking thorny shrub, with oval or 
 elliptic leaves, larger than the preceding, narrowed towards the base, 
 2 to 2g inches long ; berry size of a pea, covered with a white 
 fleshy pulp, 3-celled. Malabar and Worlee Hills, Bombay. We 
 have not seen this in any other locality. The bark is used to 
 intoxicate fish. Syn. Phyllanthus virosus, Willd. iv, 578. Juice 
 of leaves fatal to worms in sores. 
 
 28. PROSORUS, Dalz. 
 
 1. P INDICA, Dalz. in Hook. Jour. Bot. iv, p 345. An alpine 
 tree with oval or oblong leaves, and very numerous, small, fasci- 
 cled male flowers, which appear with the young leaves in March ; 
 fruit small, capsular, of a bluish tinge, in threes. Figured in 
 Hooker's Journal 1855; found also by Thwaites in Ceylon, where 
 the wood is used for building purposes, being white and tough. 
 On the Ghauts to the southward. 
 
 29. PUTRANJIVA, Wallich. 
 
 1. ROXBURGHII, Wall. A tree with narrow-oblong, acutely- 
 serrulate leaves, with the base oblique, smooth, shining, waved ; 
 male flowers short-peduncled, numerous, minute, yellow, collected 
 into globular heads in the axils, sometimes on short axillary 
 racemes ; female racemes small, simple, from last year's branchlets ; 
 styles 3, short, with large crescent-shaped stigmas ; drupe obovate 
 or oval, of the size of a large gooseberry, smooth, white ; nut oval- 
 pointed, very hard, rugose, 1 -celled. Nagotna, Kandalla, Kennery, 
 and Alibaug Jungles; Belgaum. Wight. Ic. 1876; Syn. Nageia 
 putranjiva, Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii, 766. 
 
 CXXI. SCEPACEJE. 
 
 1. SCEPA, Lind. 
 1. S LINDLEYANA, Wight Ic. 361. A small, dioecious tree; 
 
237 
 
 leaves alternate, short-petioled, oblong-acuminate, coriaceous, 
 smooth; male flowers amentaceous, diandrous, with a 4-leaved peri- 
 gonium ; female flowers in very short, axillary racemes ; perigonium 
 
 4 to 6-leaved, in a double series ; fruit size of a pea, generally 
 2-celled, of which one is abortive. Very common in the Southern 
 Concan. This is very probably No. 1346 of Graham's Catalogue. 
 
 CXXII. STILAGINACE^:. 
 1. ANTIDESMA, Burm. 
 
 1. A LANCEOLATUM, Tulasne, Ann. Des. Soc. Nat. xv, 195. 
 Shrubby, smooth ; leaves long-lanceolate ; stipules ensiform ; spikes 
 terminal, filiform; male flowers 3 to 4-androus (4 seems to be the 
 normal number) ; stigmas also very irregular, there being 3 to 4 or 
 
 5 divisions ; flowers in March. Tulkut Ghaut and Virdee. Wight 
 Ic. 766. 
 
 2. A DIANDRUM, Tulasne loc. cit. A small tree ; leaves short- 
 petioled, oval or oblong, acuminate entire, smooth ; 2 to 4 inches 
 long, and 1 to 2 broad ; stipules narrow-lanceolate ; spikes terminal, 
 filiform, many-flowered ; flowers very small ; male calyx obtusely 
 4-toothed ; styles 2, spreading, one of them always 2-cleft ; drupe 
 minute, succulent, 1 -celled. At Vingorla; flowers in the rains. 
 Syn. Stilago diandra, Willd. iv, 714. 
 
 3. A PUBESCENS, Willd. iv, 763. A small tree ; leaves alter- 
 nate, short-petioled, oval, entire, downy, 2 to 4 inches long, 2 to 3 
 broad ; stipules subulate ; spikes numerous, terminal, and from the 
 exterior axils, those of the male tree much longer and more slender ; 
 flowers very small, greenish-yellow ; calyx 5-leaved ; leaflets ovate, 
 hairy ; filaments 5, spreading, longer than the calyx ; drupe minute ; 
 nut one-seeded, eatable. On the hills near Vingorla ; flowers in 
 June. Wight Ic. 821. 
 
 4. A PANICULATUM, Willd. iv, 764. A small tree ; leaves short- 
 petioled, round-oval, often emarginate, entire, villous, 1 to 3 inches 
 long, and nearly as broad ; spikes terminal and axillary, panicled, 
 downy ; flowers numerous, minute, sessile, greenish-yellow ; male 
 calyx 5-leaved, female calyx 5-toothed ; stigma of 5 stellate divi- 
 sions ; berry small, round, smooth, dark-purple when ripe, of a 
 pleasant, subacid taste. This differs from the last in having much 
 broader and rounder leaves, and branched, not simple spikes. At 
 Vingorla; flowers in June. Wight Ic. 820. 
 
 CXXIII. ULMACE^E. 
 
 1. CELTIS. 
 1. C ROXBURGHII, Planch. Ann. Soc. Nat., ser. iii, t. x, p 302. 
 
238 
 
 A small tree ; leaves obliquely ovate-cordate acuminate, glabrous, 
 3-nerved ; flowers pentandrous ; male ones from the base of 
 the young shoots, or solitary under the bisexual ones ; bisexual 
 flowers on slender, villous, axillary racemes; germ 1 -celled, con- 
 taining one ovule, pendulous from the apex of the cell. On the 
 Ghauts, common. Celtis trinervia, Roxb. Fl Ind. ii, p 65. 
 
 2. SPONIA, Commerson. 
 
 1. S WIGHTII, Planch, loc. cit. p 264. A small tree of quick 
 growth ; leaves ovate-oblong cuspidate, cordate and unequal at the 
 base; younger ones with a white pubescence beneath ; cymes very 
 shortly-ped uncled, as long as or a little longer than the petiole ; 
 male flowers dense ; female more lax ; stigmas 2, equal, covered 
 with long threads ; berry small. Common in the hilly parts of the 
 Concan. Native name " Gol." Syn. Celtis oriental's, Roxb. Fl. 
 Ind. ii, p65; Wight Ic. *. 1971. 
 
 3. HOLOPTELZEA, Planch. 
 
 1. H INTEGRIFOLIA, Planch, loc. cit. p 259. A large tree; 
 leaves alternate short-petioled, ovate, sometimes cordate-entire, 
 smooth, shining; stipules lanceolate; flowers polygamous; male 
 and bisexual mixed in cymes along the naked branches ; capsule 
 orbicular, leafy, compressed, emarginate, 1 to 2-celled, indehiscent. 
 The wood of this tree is of good quality and much used. Syn. 
 Ulmus integrifolia, Roxb. in Willd sp. PL i, 1326; Wight Ic t. 
 1968. Concans, common. Maratha name " Wawulee." 
 
 CXX1V. URTICACEyE. 
 1. FLEURYA, Gaudichand. 
 
 1. F INTERRUPTA, Wight Ic. 1975. Herbaceous, erect, bristly 
 all over ; young branches and under-surface of the leaves pubescent ; 
 leaves long-petioled, cordato-ovate, acute or acuminate, coarsely 
 serrated, triple-nerved; peduncles axillary, solitary, as long or 
 longer than the leaves, bearing small lateral panicles at unequal 
 distances ; male calyx 4-parted ; stamens 4, achenium ovate com- 
 pressed, winged round the margin, tubercled on the disks. Syn. 
 Urtica interrupta, Linn. A common weed in gardens. 
 
 2. GIRARDINA, Gaudichand. 
 
 1. G HETEROPHYLLA. Leaves broad-cordate, 7-lobed ; lobes 
 oblong, acute, coarsely serrated, clothed on both sides with fine 
 whitish down, armed above with thin, scattered prickles, thickly 
 
239 
 
 clotheJ beneath with the same ; male and female flowers in distinct, 
 glomerate peduncled spikes. Common on the slopes of the Ghauts. 
 A formidable plant ; the least touch of any part produces most 
 acute pain. The bark of this, as of many other of the order, 
 makes good flax. Syn. Urtica heterophylla, Willd. iv, 362; 
 Gerardina leschenaultiana, DeCaisne, Wight Ic. 1976. 
 
 3. SPLITGERBERA, Miquel. 
 
 1. S SCABRELLA. Shrubby, spreading; leaves large, opposite, 
 cordate, spreading, serrate harsh, 3-nerved ; spikes axillary, erect, 
 cylindric; male flowers crowded, short and in the lower axils; 
 female above and generally solitary. Syn. Urtica scabrella, Roxb. 
 Fl. Ind. iii, p 581 ; Wight Ic. 691. Common in the hilly jungles 
 of the Concan; Meera Hills. 
 
 4. ELATOSTEMMA, Forster. 
 
 1. E OPPOSITIFOLIUM, Dalz. in Hook. Jour. Bot. iii, p 179. 
 Herbaceous, about 1 foot high; stem simple, smooth, naked at 
 the base ; leaves rather long-petioled, opposite, lanceolate- acumi- 
 nate, coarsely dentate-serrate, 3-nerved, sparingly hairy above, 
 quite smooth beneath ; upper ones the largest ; heads of flowers 
 solitary peduncled, in the alternate axils ; peduncles shorter than 
 the petiole ; common receptacle flat, discoid, simple ; male and 
 female flowers mixed. The Ghauts ; flowers in September. 
 
 2. E CUNEATUM, Wight Ic. 2091. Erect, simple; leaves 
 obovate cuneate, unequal-sided, crenately serrated towards the 
 apex, pilose on both sides, above mixed with scattered, bristly 
 hairs ; receptacles sessile, unisexual ; fertile flowers few, sessile, 
 mixed with numerous, pedicelled, 3 to 4-lobed sterile ones ; nuts 
 oval-ribbed. On old walls, Mahim woods ; Bombay ; also at 
 Belgaum. 
 
 5. CONOCEPHALUS, Blume. 
 
 1. C NIVEUS, Wight Ic. No. 1959. Arboreous, erect-branch- 
 ed ; leaves ovate-lanceolate, acute or acuminate, 5-nerved, acutely 
 serrated, somewhat bullate above, prominently reticulate and white 
 beneath, strigosely hispid on both sides ; inflorescence axillary 
 cymose ; fruit capitate, drupaceous ; drupes small, yellow, globose. 
 Brehnieria ramiflora, Spr. (?). Native name " Capsee." Com- 
 mon in the Concan and Ghaut jungles. 
 
 2. C CONCOLOR, Dalz. Shrubby; leaves very large (1 foot), 
 irregularly scattered, 3-nerved, perfectly smooth, oblong-ovate, 
 acute, green on both sides ; female flower axillary. At the 
 Phoonda Ghaut. 
 
240 
 
 6. POUZOLZIA, Gaudichand. 
 
 1. P INDICA, Wight Ic. 1980-81. Ascending, lax; leaves 
 triple-nerved, alternate, short-petioled, uniform, reduced in size 
 towards the ends of the branches, ovate-lanceolate, subacnminate, 
 pilose ; flowers few, axillary, glomerate, tetrandrous; fruit ovate, 
 8-ribbed, apiculate. Common in gardens as a weed. Syn. Pane- 
 taria indica, Linn. 
 
 2. P PENTANDRA, Wight Ic. No. 20, under No. 2096. Stem 
 ramous, 4-sided towards the apex ; leaves sessile, narrow-lanceo- 
 late, cordate, pilose on both sides, scabrous above ; flowers pentan- 
 drous, fruit-winged, cordate. Island of Caranjah. Syn. Urtica 
 pentandra, Roxb. Fl Ind. iii, 583. 
 
 3. P. INTEGRIFOLIA, Dalz. in Hook. Jour. Bot. iii, p 134. 
 Suffruticose, 3 to 4 feet high ; root thick ; stem compressed, with a 
 line of hairs on each side ; leaves opposite, sessile, with a cordate 
 base, lanceolate-acuminated, 3-nerved, entire, pubescent, 3 to 4 
 inches long; flowers male and female together, clustered in the 
 axils of the leaves ; male perianth 4-parted ; filaments flattened ; 
 female fruit-bearing perianth 2 to 3-winged, with 8 to 10 ribs 
 between the wings. Phoonda Ghaut; flowers in September. Wight 
 Ic. 1919, fig. 1. 
 
 4. P STOCKSII, Wight Ic. No. 18. Straggling, ramous, seeking 
 support, and then ascending ; stem and branches 4-angled, furrowed 
 between, glabrous ; petioles short, connected by a broad, scarious 
 stipule; leaves glabrous, except the hispid margin, from oval- 
 obtuse at both ends, to cordate-ovate, obtuse ; floral ones sessile, 
 narrow ovate-lanceolate obtuse ; flowers few, axillary, pentandrous ; 
 fruit ovate, ribbed, or broadly 2 to 3-winged. Belgaum, Deccan. 
 
 CXXV. HORACES. 
 1. EPICARPURUS. 
 
 1. ORIENTALTS, Blume. Arboreous; leaves alternate, short- 
 petioled, obovate cuspidate acuminate, serrated towards the apex, 
 very rough above ; male flowers capitate ; heads axillary aggregated, 
 short-peduncled ; females axillary, 1 to 2 together, longish-pedi- 
 celled ; fruit drupaceous, 1 -seeded, tertacrustaceous ; cotyledons 
 very unequal, exalbuminous. Syn. Trophis aspera, Willd. A small, 
 scraggy-looking tree, with very rough leaves, used in polishing 
 wood. 
 
 2. UROSTIGMA, Gasparrini. 
 
 1. U BENGALENSE, Gaspar. Branches dropping roots, which 
 form stems; bark smooth and of a light ash-colour; leaves 
 
241 
 
 alternate, about the extremities of the branchlets, petioled ovate- 
 cordate, 3-nerved, entire, 5 to 6 inches long, 3 to 4 broad, smooth 
 and shining when old ; fruit paired, axillary, sessile, of the size 
 and colour of a cherry, downy. The well-know r n Banyan tree. 
 Syn. Ficus bengalensis, Linn.; F indica, Roxb. Native name 
 
 " Wur.' 
 
 2. U RELIGIOSUM, Gaspar. A large and handsome tree ; 
 leaves lon;-petioled, ovate-cordate narrow-acuminate, entire or 
 repandly undulate towards the apex, quite smooth; fruit paired, 
 axillary, sessile, vertically compressed, when ripe of the size and 
 colour of a small, black cherry. The Peepul tree. 
 
 3. U LAMBERTIANUM, Miquel in Hook. Jour. Bot. vi, p 565. 
 Leaves long-petioled, ovate-oblong, margins obsoletely repand- 
 undulate, abruptly and obtusely acuminate, truncate at the base, 
 between membranaceous and coriaceous, shining, 3-nerved ; fruit 
 axillary, twin, sessile globose, glabrous, with 3 bracts at the base, 
 puberulous on the back. Bombay, Lambert in Herb. Hooker. 
 
 4. U. INFECTORIUM, Miquel loc. cit. Leaves rather long- 
 petioled, membranaceous, oblong or sublanceolate-oblong, mode- 
 rately and acutely acuminated, obtuse, or rounded, or subcordate 
 at the base, quite entire, or very slightly repand ; fruit small, 
 sessile, twin, globose, smooth, when ripe white. Syn. Ficus in- 
 fectoria, Roxb. Fl Ind. iii, p 551 ; Wight Ic. 665 (excluding F 
 infectoria, Willd). The Concans. 
 
 5. U PSEUDOTJIELA, Miquel loc. cit. A very large tree ; 
 leaves long-petioled, ovate-oblong, pointed, entire, firm, smooth on 
 both sides, shining, particularly above, with numerous simple and 
 parallel veins, 4 to 6 inches long, 2 to 3 broad ; fruit paired, axil- 
 lary, sessile, a little turbinate, smooth, size of a cherry, when ripe 
 purple. This it appears is not the Tjiela of Rheede as supposed by 
 Roxburgh. Syn. Ficus tjiela, Roxb. Fl Ind. iii, p 549 ; Wight Ic. 
 668. On the Ghauts. Native name " Peepree." 
 
 6. U RRTUSUM, Miquel loc. cit. 581. Leaves moderately 
 petioled, broadly obovate or somewhat rounded, dilated at the apex, 
 very shortly and obtusely apiculate or retuse, slightly emarginate, 
 between membranaceous and coriaceous, veins half-spreading, about 
 10 on each side, rather distinct, the rest capillary, finely reticulated; 
 petioles deeply-furrowed on the upperside; fruit axillary twin, 
 sessile; bracts puberous. Miquel's specimens were from Bombay; 
 comes very near to the following ; perhaps too near to be distinct! 
 It differs in the branchlets, stipules, and young fruit being quite 
 glabrous, the branches much dilated at the apex, for the most part 
 retuse, or abruptly ending in a short peak. This species is the true 
 " Nandrook" of the Natives. 
 
 31 c 
 
242 
 
 7. U NITIDUM, Miquel loc. cit. Branchlets somewhat 3-cor- 
 nered ; leaves with moderate or rather long petioles, elliptic or 
 obovate or subrhombeo-elliptic, obtusely and shortly subapiculate 
 acute or subcuneate at the base, slightly 3-nerved, veins on each 
 side several, subimmersed, or distinct beneath, confluent near the 
 margin, but with no submarginal nerve, coriaceo-membranaceous ; 
 stipules ovate-lanceolate, smooth or puberulous ; fruit axillary, twin 
 sessile, globose, smooth, size of a pea with 3 obtuse bracts ; petioles 
 with a narrow groove in front. Syn. Ficus nitida, Thumb.; Wight 
 Ic. 642; Ficus benjaminea, Roxb. Fl Ind. iii, p 550; Rheed. 
 Mai. iii, t 55. 
 
 8. U BENJAMINEUM, Miquel loc. cit. Branchlets slender, 
 flexuose, weak, hanging ; petioles round, rather short ; leaves ovate 
 or elliptic-ovate acuminate, coriaceous, like parchment, surrounded 
 by a smooth margin; veins capillary horizontal, united into an 
 arched nerve ; fruit axillary, sessile, like peas ; bracts 3, ovate- 
 obtuse, deciduous; leaves 2 to 3^ inches long, 1 to \\ broad; 
 fruit smooth, shining, greenish-yellow, with a dash of purple. Syn. 
 Ficus striata, Roth., whose specimens were received from the 
 Southern Maratha Country. 
 
 9. U DASYCARPUM, Miquel loc. cit. Branchlets and fruit 
 densely tomentose ; leaves shortly-petioled, broadly ovate or 
 elliptic, shortly and obtusely acuminate, rounded or slightly 
 cordate at the base, repand-undulate, thickly coriaceous, smooth 
 above, beneath with the petioles tomentose and pubescent ; costal 
 veins 8 to 10, spreading, confluent at the margin, much reticulated 
 and very prominent beneath ; fruit axillary, sessile, generally twin, 
 ellipsoid obtuse at both ends, bracts 3, obtuse, membranaceous, 
 pubescent. Bombay, Lam. in Herb. Hook. 
 
 10. CORDIFOLIUM. A tree, having much the appearance of 
 the Peepul ; leaves on very long petioles (6 to 8 inches), broad- 
 cordate, with a short and sudden acumination, rather membrana- 
 ceous with waved margins, finely reticulated beneath (lateral veins 
 spreading and prominent), perfectly smooth ; fruit paired, sessile, 
 round, smooth, black, of the size and appearance of a black cherry. 
 On the Ghauts. Native name *' Paeer." 
 
 11. U VOLUBILE, Dalz. A climbing shrub, and often a tree 
 with a stem as thick as a man's arm ; leaves alternate, very shortly 
 petioled, somewhat ovate, suddenly acuminated, very unequal-sided, 
 cuneate towards the base ; lateral nerves 3 to 4 on each side, pro- 
 minent-spreading, uniting in arche*, pale-green, hard, and roughish 
 to the touch, though smooth, 3 to 4 inches long, sometimes a little 
 toothed on the margin; fruit small, like the Nandrook. Native 
 name " Datir." Rocky places on the Ghauts. 
 
243 
 
 3. FICUS, Linn. 
 
 1. F ACUTILOBA, Miquel. Branchlets puberulous, when old 
 smooth, shining, dark-coloured ; leaves moderately petioled, ovate- 
 oblong, 3 to 5-lobed, base obtuse, 3-nerved ; lobes elliptic or lance- 
 olate-acute, denticulate, middle one longer, subsinuate or coarsely 
 toothed on both sides, especially beneath, scabrous and harsh ; 
 fruit axillary, solitary peduncled, small, between pear-shaped and 
 globose, with 3 bracts at the base. Allied to F repens, and 
 Heterophylla ; 1370 of Graham's list; Malabar Hill, Bombay; the 
 Ghauts, &c. 
 
 2. F ASPERRIMA, Roxb. Fl. Ind. Hi, p 554. Branches at length 
 smooth; leaves alternate or opposite, oblong-acuminate, obtuse at 
 the base, remotely toothed upwards, rigid, very rough and harsh, 
 3-nerved, and with 3 to 4 costal veins on each side ; fruit axillary, 
 peduncled, globose, hoary, pubescent and scabrous. Bombay, 
 common. Wight Ic. 633. 
 
 3. F HETEROPHYLLA, Linn. All rough and harsh; leaves 
 alternate, shortly-petioled, rigid, membranaceous, above roughish, 
 and of a deep-green, below pale, oblong-acute, acute at the base, 
 serrated, entire or 3-lobed or subpinnatifid, of all shapes ; fruit 
 axillary, solitary, rarely twin, between turbinate and globose. 
 Common in moist places. Wight Ic. 659. 
 
 4. COVELLIA, Gasp. 
 
 1. C OPPOSITIFOLIA, Gasp. A small tree, native of the banks 
 of rivulets ; trunk erect ; young shoots scabrous and covered with 
 much short, white hair, fistulous, and interrupted at the insertion 
 of the leaves ; leaves opposite, short, round or oblong, slightly 
 serrate, glandular in the axils of the veins beneath, shining above, 
 downy beneath; fruit axillary and peduncled, racemed on the naked, 
 woody branches, round, about the size of a large nutmeg, covered 
 with short, white hair, with several equi-distant ridges. Syn. Ficus 
 oppositifolia, Willd sp. iv, p 1151; Sycomorphe roxburghii, 
 Miquel 1375 of Graham's Catalogue. 
 
 2. C GLOMERATA, Miquel loc. cit. A large tree, generally 
 found about villages and on the banks of rivers ; trunk crooked, 
 thick, and high ; bark of a rusty-greenish colour and rough ; leaves 
 alternate, petioled, oblong or broad-lanceolate, tapering equally to 
 each end, entire, very slightly 3-nerved, smooth on both sides ; 
 racemes compound or panicled, issuing immediately from the trunk 
 or the large branches ; fruit pedicelled, nearly as large as common 
 figs, clothed with soft down, and most frequently full of worms. 
 Native name " Oombur." 
 
244 
 
 3. C DJEMONUM, Miquel. Shrubby ; leaves generally opposite, 
 cuneate-oblong, pointed, serrate, scabrous above, downy beneath, 
 with a green gland in the axils of the veins ; fruit for the most 
 part in pairs in radical, withering racemes, often under-ground, of 
 the size of a large nutmeg, obovate, very hairy, obscurely ridged. 
 Ficus dsemona, Keen. Wight Ic. 641. Common; generally near 
 the sea. 
 
 CXXVI. ARTOCARPACE^E. 
 
 1. ANTIARIS, Leschenault. 
 
 1. A SACCIDORA, Dalz. in Hook. Jour. Bot. iii, 232. A stately 
 forest tree; leaves stipulate, alternate, oblong-elliptic, dentate- 
 serrulate, scabrous, on short petioles ; flowers on a convex, fleshy, 
 pedicelled receptacle, tetrandous ; fruit purple, the size of a filbert, 
 containing one seed. Hills in the Concan ; Kandalla Ghaut ; Warree 
 Country. JSyn. Lepurandra saccidora, Nimmo in Grah. Cat. Bomb. 
 PI. p 193 ; Wight Ic. 1958. Native name " Jassoond." 
 
 2. ARTOCARPUS, Linn. 
 
 1. HIRSUTA, Lam. Encyc. iii, 201. Leaves elliptic-obtuse, or 
 rounded at both ends, glabrous above, hairy, especially in the nerves 
 beneath ; male catkins long-cylindrical, about the thickness of a 
 quill, at first ascending or erect, afterwards pendulous ; females 
 oval, about the size of an egg ; fruit globose echinate. Punt 
 Suchew's Country. Native name " Ranphunnus" and Patphunnus. 
 
 2. A LAKOOCHA, Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii, 524. A middling-sized 
 tree, with a short, thick trunk ; leaves alternate short-petioled, oval 
 entire, generally pointed, smooth above, downy beneath, 4 to 12 
 inches long, 2 to 6 broad ; aments axillary ; male subsessile, about 
 the size of a nutmeg, female short-peduncled, globular ; fruit with 
 a pretty smooth surface, of an irregular roundish form, yellow 
 when ripe, eatable; ripe in July. Caranjah Hill and Bassein, not 
 common. 
 
 3. A INTEGRIFOLIA, Willd. iv, 184 Leaves petioled, oval, of a 
 firm, coriaceous texture, of a deep, shining green above ; male 
 ament of the size of a man's thumb, female oblong ; fruit very large, 
 oblong-muricated ; seeds of the size of a nutmeg. The well-known 
 Jack tree. Native name " Phunnus." The wood is excellent, 
 becoming by age very like Mahogany ; in colour bright-yellow 
 when newly cut. Formerly much used for furniture, but has gone 
 completely out of fashion, having been, superseded by Blackwood. 
 
245 
 
 CXXVIL PODOSTEMAOE. 
 1. MNIOPSIS, Mart. 
 
 1. M HOOKERIANA, Tulasne Ann. Des. Sc. Nat. (3 ser.) xi, 
 104. A minute plant, moss-like, with the stems densely leafy and 
 cespitose, and a frond beneath like a lichen, creeping on stones in 
 running water ; flowers terminal, solitary, or sometimes a little 
 branched, having one forked filament, each division bearing a 
 perfect anther ; capsule spherical, smooth, 2-celled, surmounted by 
 2 stigmas. Common in the running streams of the Concao, 
 flowering as soon as its head is above water ; the whole plant is 
 only 1 to li inch high. Wight Ic, 1918, fig. 4. 
 
 2. TERN I OLA, Tulasne. 
 
 1. T PULCHELLA, Tulasne Monogr. Podostem. p 189. Rhi- 
 zome thin-linear, branched, short ; flower bearing here and there 
 leaves linear, marked with a whitish line in the middle, distichous, 
 interior ones the flower-bearing bud, verticelled and united at the 
 base; pedicel of middling length. Concan rivers. Syn. Lawia 
 pulchella, Tulasne; Mnianthus pulchellus, Walpers. 
 
 2. T LONGIPES, Tul. loc. cit. Rhizome thin, broadly linear, 
 sparingly branched ; leaves long-linear acute, marked with a whitish 
 line, near to the flower inserted in a circle, and at the same time 
 united downw r ards ; flowers long-pedicelled. Concan rivers. Syn. 
 Mnianthus longipes, Wai. Ann. iii, 443. 
 
 3. FOLIOSA. Rhizoma spreading lichen-like, lobed and free on 
 the margin ; buds for the most part on the free margin ; leaves 
 numerous fascicled, round at base of the pedicel, long, linear- 
 pointed, no sheath ; pedicel 2 to 3 times the length of the leaves. 
 Rivers in Salsette, Law. This is a very distinct species, and most 
 easily recognised by its tufts of well-formed leaves, and no sheath. 
 Syn. Dalzellia foliosa, Wight Ic. 1919, fig. 2. 
 
 4. LAWII. Rhizoma spreading, margins free, gemmiferous 
 leaves surrounding the sheath, few, short, broader than those 
 within, somewhat lanceolate, those of the sheath very numerous, 
 short, needle-shaped, recurved ; pedicels shortish ; capsule ovoid, 
 scarcely angled. Salsette, Law. Very distinct from the preceding 
 in the character of its leaves and sheaths. Syn. Dalzellia lawii, 
 Wight Ic. 1919, fiv.3. 
 
 5. PEDUNCULOSA. Rhizoma spreading, margins free, lobed, 
 gemmiferous ; leaves all aggregated and united to form the sheath, 
 short bristle-like ; peduncle 6 to 8 times the length of the sheath, 
 very slender ; capsule ovoid, round or scarcely angled. Salsette, 
 Law. Syn. D pedunculosa, Wight Ic. 1919, fig. 4. 
 
246 
 
 CXXVIII. GNETACE^E. 
 1. GNETUM. 
 
 1. G SCANL>ENS, Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii, 518. A stout scandent 
 shrub ; young shoots round, smooth, jointed and swollen at the 
 insertion of the leaves; leaves opposite, short-petioled, oblong, firm, 
 glossy, entire, rather obtuse ; peduncles axillary and terminal, with 
 one or two opposite pairs of peduncled, cylindrical aments, and a 
 terminal one ; scales of the aments short cyathiform ; drupe oblong, 
 of the size of an olive, when ripe smooth, of a reddish orange- 
 colour, one-celled ; pulp intermixed with many tender spiculse ; nut 
 of the shape of the drupe. Very common in the thick jungles. 
 Native name " Koombul" or " Oomblee" ; flowers in March and 
 April. 
 
 CXXIX. SMILACE^l. 
 
 1. SMILAX, Linn. 
 
 1. S OVALIFOLIA, Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii, p 794. Stems climbing, 
 cylindric, woody, larger parts armed with sharp, strong, incurved 
 prickles ; tendrils paired, simple ; leaves alternate, short-petioled, 
 oval, 5 to 7-nerved smooth, entire ; petioles short-winged, chan- 
 nelled ; umbels axillary, compound ; umbellets globular ; berries red, 
 smooth, succulent, 2 to 3-seeded. Native name " Gootee." Com- 
 mon in the jungles. 
 
 2. S MACROPHYLLA, Roxb. loc. cit. 793. Scandent; stem and 
 branches cylindric and prickly ; leaves short-petioled, round entire, 
 5-nerved, glossy ; tendrils petiolary, undivided ; female peduncles 
 axillary solitary, branched, each with a large globular umbellet of 
 greenish-yellow, pedicelled flowers ; umbellets much larger than in 
 the preceding ; berries size of a pea, red, smooth, 1 to 2-seeded, in 
 dense, round balls. Rarer than the preceding ; on the Southern 
 Ghauts, Chorla. 
 
 CXXX. ASPARAGINE.E. 
 1. ASPARAGOPSIS, Kunth. 
 
 1. A SARMENTOSA, Kunth. Enum. v, p 97. Stems woody, 
 climbing, very much branched ; branches grooved and ribbed ; 
 branchlets rather rough ; thorns subulate straight, turned downwards ; 
 leaves linear-mucronulate ; racemes many-flowered, flowers white ; 
 berries red ; root woody, with oblong, fleshy tubers, which are often 
 candied for the table. Wild in Gujarat and on Deckan Hills ; 
 fruit ripe in February. Often found in gardens. 
 
247 
 
 CXXXI. DIOSCORINE^l. 
 
 1. DIOSCOREA, Linn. 
 
 1 . D TRIPHYLLA, Linn. sp. 1462. Twining; branches furrowed, 
 a little hairy, and armed with small prickles ; leaves scattered, 
 ternately 3-divided, membranaceous, with pellucid lines ; segments 
 cuspidate, terminal one elliptic-oblong, lateral obliquely ovate ; 
 male racemes axillary, in threes, generally all simple ; rachis and 
 pedicels clothed with whitish hairs ; capsules obovate-oblong, 
 pubescent. Rheed. Mai. vii, t 33. The root is said by Graham to 
 be intoxicating and intensely bitter. Common in the Concan. 
 
 2. D OPPOSITIFOLIA, Linn. sp. 1463. Root, as in all the 
 species, tuberous, perennial; stems twining, slender, round, smooth, 
 annual ; leaves opposite-petioled, oval, acute, waved, 3 to 7-nerved ; 
 male flowers very numerous, in axillary panicles ; female flowers 
 few, in axillary spikes ; flowers in the rainy season. The roots are 
 eaten by the Natives. On the Ghauts, common. 
 
 3. D PENTAPHYLLA, Willd. Herb. No. 1841 1. Branches 
 prickly, furrowed, rather hairy; leaves digitate, 5-divided, membra- 
 naceous, puberulous ; segments oblong-acurninate cuspidate ; 
 stipulary prickles twin ; female spikes axillary twin, simple, scarce- 
 ly longer than the petiole ; male-flowers numerous, greenish- 
 white, and exquisitely fragrant. They are sold in the bazar, and 
 eaten as greens. Common in the Concan, and on the Ghauts. 
 Rumph. Amb. v, p 359, t. 127. 
 
 2. HELMTA, Kunth; DIOSCOREA, Auct. 
 
 1. H BULBIFERA. Smooth and bull-bearing; branches terete; 
 leaves scattered, cordate, subrotund ovate-acuminate cuspidate, 9- 
 nerved, membranaceous ; male spikes axillary, simple, about 5 
 together, or compound panicled ; segments of the flower 6, lanceo- 
 late-acute; female spikes about 3 together, longer than the leaf ; 
 capsules oblong, smooth, of the texture of parchment. Native 
 name " Caroo-Karunda. Bombay and Concans, common. 
 
 2. H DJEMONA, Kunth. Enum. v, 439. Root tuberous ; stems 
 annual, twining, armed ; leaves ternate ; leaflets obovate-cuneate, 
 3 to 5-nerved, very large, acute entire, both sides villous when 
 young ; petioles armed with small prickles ; male spikes axillary 
 compound, drooping, sometimes leaf-bearing ; 6 to 18 inches long; 
 female flowers on a different plant ; spikes axillary solitary, pendu- 
 lous. At Vingorla ; Hills in Concan, rare. Syn. Dioscorea daemona, 
 Roxb. Fllnd. iii, 805; Wight Ic. 811. 
 
248 
 
 \ 
 
 CXXXII. JUNCAGINACE^E. 
 
 1. POTAMOGETON, Linn. 
 
 1. P INDICUS, Itoxb. Fl. Ind. 5, 452. Stem branched, creep- 
 ing, round, smooth, knotty ; leaves alternate, floral ones opposite, 
 petioled, narrow-lanceolate or elliptic-oval, shining, smooth, entire, 
 obsoletely many-nerved ; stipules solitary axillary ; sheathing as long 
 as the petioles, divided to the middle ; peduncles solitary axillary, 
 or opposite the leaves, round, thick, smooth, about as long as the 
 cylindric spike ; sepals with long claws, roundish, concave persis- 
 tent * stamina 4. Pretty common in tanks and lakes ; in water- 
 holes of the high Hill-forts of Western Deccan. 
 
 2. P PERFOLIATUS, Linn. sp. 182. Stem round, slightly 
 branched ; all the leaves submersed and of one shape, sessile, semi- 
 amplexicaul with a cordate base, ovate or ovate-lanceolate, obtuse, 
 membranous, pellucid ; stipules united into a sheath, embracing 
 the stem; fruit rather obliquely obovate, compressed, obtusely 
 angled. In the stream around Dapoorie Garden, and most probably 
 in other streams of the Deccan; a native also of Europe, North 
 America, and New Holland. 
 
 3. P PECTINATTJS, Linn. sp. 183. Stem round; all the leaves 
 submersed, extremely narrow, half-round and channelled, divided 
 into tubular compartments, having sheathes at the base ; spikes 
 long-peduncled, interrupted ; peduncles thread-like. In the large 
 tank at Gogo, most plentiful ; a native of Europe, Asia, and 
 America, but not seen in India by any previous observer. 
 
 4. P CRISPUS, Linn. sp. 183. Stem branched, rather com- 
 pressed ; leaves all submersed, uniform sessile, oblong-linear, obtuse 
 or shortly acuminate, sharply denticulate, waved and crisp on the 
 margin, membranous, pellucid ; fruit obliquely and broadly ovate, 
 terminated by a slightly recurved, compressed, subulate beak. Syn. 
 P tuberosum, lloxb. Fl. Ind. i, 472. Tanks in the Concans. 
 
 2. APONOGETON, Linn. 
 
 1. MONOSTACHYUM, Linn. Suppl. 214. Root tuberous; leaves 
 radical, long-petioled, linear-oblong, cordate at the base, pointed, 
 entire, smooth, 3 to 5-nerved, 3 to 6 inches long and about one 
 broad ; scapes as long as the leaves ; spikes densely flowered ; calyx 
 of 2 wedge-shaped concave leaflets; flowers hexandrous; capsules 
 smooth, pointed, 1 -celled, 4 to 8-seeded. Tanks in the Dharwar 
 and Belgaum Collectorates. 
 
249 
 
 CXXXIII. ALISMACEJE. 
 1. SAGITTARIA, Linn. 
 
 1. S TRIANDBA, Dalz. in Hook. Jour. Bot. ii, 144. Root 
 fibrous ; leaves long-petioled, linear-spathulate, 3-nerved, much 
 longer than the scape, obtusely keeled on the back ; scape erect, 
 simple, round, obtusely trigonal at the apex ; flowers triandrous, 
 verticelled, shortly-pedicelled, inconspicuous ; female flowers on the 
 lower part of the spike. In water-holes, iMalwan Talooka ; flowers 
 in August. 
 
 2. S OBTUSIFOLIA, Linn. sp. 1410. Root fibrous; leaves 
 radical, erect, long-petioled, ovate-sagittate ; basal lobes divaricate, 
 tapering to long, narrow, fine points, smooth, many-nerved ; sapes 
 tall, erect, 5 to 6-angled, striated, branched and verticelled at the 
 apex; flowers numerous, small, white; drupes small, numerous, 
 collected in globular heads, turbinate, dry and wrinkled. Pretty 
 common in water-holes in Gujarat; at Gundar, where it is called 
 "Nulkoot." Goats are very fond of the leaves. This plant is 
 certainly much nearer to Alisma than to Sagittaria. 
 
 CXXXIV. BUTOMACEJE. 
 1. BUTOMOPSIS, Kunth. 
 
 1. B LANCEOLATA, Kunth. Enum. iii, p 164. Aquatic; leaves 
 radical, long-petioled, lanceolate ; scape as long as the leaves, 6 to 
 12-flowered; flowers pedicelled, erect, umbelled ; exterior sepals 
 elliptic-obtuse, herbaceous ; interior petaloid ; stamina 8 to 9 ; 
 carpels 6 to 7 ; papery rostrate ; seeds numerous, very minute. Syn. 
 Butomus lanceolatus, Roxb. Fl Ind. ii, 315. Rare; at Chicklee, in 
 the Surat Districts, 
 
 CXXXV. PONTEDERACE^E. 
 1. PONTEDERIA, Linn. 
 
 1 . P VAGINALIS, Linn. Willd. ii, 23. Root perennial, creeping ; 
 leaves radical, narrow-cordate, pointed-entire, smooth, glossy, 5 to 
 7-nerved ; petioles lon^, fistulous, smooth, those bearing a raceme 
 swelled about the middle; raceme short-peduncled, with about a 
 dozen handsome blue hyacinth-like flowers. Margins of tanks 
 and water-holes, common. 
 
 2. P HASTATA, Willd. ii, 24. Leaves triangular or hastate- 
 pointed, many-nerved, very smooth and glossy; posterior angles 
 generally obtuse ; flower-bearing petioles swelled near the apex, 
 and there split to allow of the passage of the raceme ; flowers 
 
 32 c 
 
250 
 
 numerous-pedicelled, of a beautiful, bright- blue, violet colour. In 
 the same situations as the preceding. 
 
 CXXXVI. 
 
 1. METHONIA, Herm. 
 
 1. M SUPERBA, Lam. Encycl. iv, 133. A climbing plant, with 
 bulbous, biennial root; stem herbaceous; leaves cirrhiferous ; inferior 
 oblong ; superior ovate-lanceolate; perigonium of six lanceolate, 
 undulate leaflets, yellow, with a scarlet base; capsule 3-ceIled, 
 3-valved. Syn. Gloriosa stiperba, Linn.; Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii, 143; 
 RheeM. Mai. vii, t. 57. Pretty common in hedges ; flowers large. 
 Native names " Buchnag," " Kalawee," " Karianag." Root is said 
 to be poisonous. 
 
 2. URGINiA, Steinh. 
 
 1. U INDICA, Kunth. Enum. iv. Bulb tunicated ; leaves 
 numerous, radical ensiform, nearly flat, 6 to 18 inches long ; scape 
 erect, round, smooth, naked, 2 to 3 feet long ; raceme long, 
 erect ; flowers remote, long-pedicelled, drooping, inconspicuous, 
 of a dingy, brownish colour, appear long before the leaves. Sandy 
 shores of the Concan, common ; at Hurnee, abundant. Generally 
 called " Jungly Piaz." Syn. Scilla indica, Roxb. FL Ind. ii, 147. 
 
 3. UROPETALUM, Gawler. 
 
 1. U MONTANUM, Dalz. in Hook. Jour. Bot. ii, p 142. Root 
 a small, tunicated bulb ; scape round, about a foot high; raceme 
 drooping, about 8-flowered ; leaves linear, folded, as long as the 
 scape ; corolla white between, tubular and campanulate, 8 lines long ; 
 exterior divisions oblong-obtuse, a little longer than the tube ; 
 interior united to the middle, all glandular at the apex; bracts 
 scarious, acuminated, longer than the pedicels ; capsule stalked, 
 3-lobed ; cells 3 to 4-seeded. In the Western Deccan, in pastures, 
 also at Belgaum; flowers in August. 
 
 2. U CONCANENSE, Dalz. loc. cit. Scape round, 8 to 10 inches 
 high ; raceme drooping, 3 to 4-flowered ; leaves half round, fleshy, 
 filiform, few, deeply grooved above, a half shorter than the scape ; 
 corol white, tubular, an inch and a-half long ; exterior divisions half 
 the length of the tube, spreading ; interior united to the middle, all 
 linear-oblong, obtuse, papillous and glandular at the apex ; capsule 
 3-lobed ; cells 6-seeded ; seeds flat, black, shining, and smooth. In 
 rocky places in the Malwan Talooka; flowers in August. 
 
251 
 
 4. LEDEBOURIA, Roth. 
 
 1. L MACULATA, Dalz. loc. cit. Leaves obovate, glabrous, 
 wedge-shaped, attenuated into the petiole, purple spotted, and 
 never bearing bulbs ; flowers like those of the following, appear in 
 June. Common in the Concans and Deccan. 
 
 2. L HYACINTHINA, Roth. nov. sp. 195. Root bulbous, as 
 in the preceding; leaves of a light-green colour, linear-oblong, 
 undulated, smooth, pretty long, bearing bulbs at the apex ; scapes 
 bearing a many-flowered raceme, of small, bluish, hyacinth-like 
 flowers. Kunth has confounded both species under this name. Bot. 
 Mag. 3226; Syn. Anthericum hyacinthoides, Willd. ; Erythronium 
 indicum, Rottl. fide Spring. This, as far as we know, is confined 
 to the Southern Concan. 
 
 5. PHALANGIUM, Juss. 
 
 1. TUBEROSUM, Kunth. Enum. iv, p 598. Roots very mnny, 
 fleshy, terminated by a small, oblong tuber; leaves radical, ensiform, 
 waved on the margin; scape round, naked; flowers panicled or 
 simply racemed, fascicled, small, white. There is some doubt as 
 to Roxburgh's Anthericum tuberosum being this species, as he 
 describes the flowers as large as snow drops ; possibly Roxburgh's 
 plant may be a species of the following genus, which has flat (not 
 angular) seeds. Very common in both Concans and Deccan. 
 
 6. CHLOROPHYTUM, Gawler; HARTWEGIA, Nees. 
 
 1. C ANTHERICOIDEUM, Dalz. in Hook. Jour. Bot. ii, 141. 2 
 feet high ; roots many, tuberous ; leaves radical ensiform, slightly 
 folded, margins waved, shorter than the naked scape, with 2 to 3 
 very short, simple branches ; flowers racemose, solitary or twin ; 
 pedicels half-an-inch long, articulated near the base ; filaments 
 covered with minute, papillose vesicles ; capsule triquetrous ; seeds 
 in each cell 5 to 6, compressed reniform ; testa black. The papillose 
 vesicles on the filaments place this in the genus Hartwegia ; but 
 this does not differ in any other respect from Chlorophytum. It 
 may be easily mistaken for the preceding, being very like it. In 
 the district of Malwan ; flowers in July. 
 
 2. C PARVIFLORUM, Dalz. loc. cit. 8 to 10 inches high, 
 smooth ; tubers oblong, hanging from the fibres of the root ; 
 leaves erect, grass-like, linear folded, striated, longer than the 
 scape; scape simple, few-flowered; flowers solitary or sometimes 
 twin, with acuminate bracts ; filaments smooth, alternately a little 
 shorter ; anthers green ; pedicels articulated in the middle, droop- 
 
252 
 
 ing in fruit ; capsule sharply 3-lobed, triangular : seeds in each cell 
 2 to 4. In rocky places near the sea, Malwan District; flowers 
 in July. 
 
 3. C BREVISCAPUM, Dalz. loc. cit. Tubers oblong, pendulous, 
 from the fibrous root ; leaves flat, ensitbrm ; margins undulated, 
 acuminated at the apex, attenuated towards the base, striated, 
 shining above, pale beneath ; scape round, simple, or very rarely 
 branched, half the length of the leaves ; flowers rather densely 
 Fiicernose, twin; sepals oblong-acute, all reflexed in flowering; 
 pedicels articulated at the apex ; filaments papillose, thickened 
 towards the apex ; capsule triquetrous ; cells with 1 to 3 seeds ; 
 seeds black. Malwan ; flowers in July. 
 
 4. C NIMMONIJ, Dalz. loc. cit. Root tuberous ; leaves flat, 
 broad-lanceolate, long-attenuated towards the base, 2 feet long, 
 Chining above, striated, shorter than the simply branched, round 
 scape ; branches of the scape from the axils of sheathing bracts, 
 long, compressed or angular, undivided; flowers twin, distant, 
 drooping racemose ; sepals spreading, exterior acute, interior obtuse ; 
 anthers arid filaments minutely papillose ; capsule triquetrous ; cells 
 with only one seed. This is the largest of our species, and rises to 
 the height of 3 feet. We have a strong suspicion that it will turn 
 out to be identical with the C orchidastrum of Sierra Leone. Mal- 
 wan ; also the Ghauts opposite Bombay. 
 
 5. C GLAUCUM, Dalz. loc. cit. Hoot a spherical, depressed, 
 fibrous tuber ; fibres from above the tuber stout vermiform ; leaves 
 recurved, lanceolate-acuminated, attenuated towards the base, 
 glaucous, striated, slightly folded, half the length of the simple, 
 rigidly-erect scape, which is clothed with several very sharp 
 sheathing scales ; flowers twin approximated, spreading ; pedicels 
 articulated above the middle ; anthers and filaments papillose ; ovary 
 triquetrous, with 8 ovules in each cell. On the Ghauts, rather 
 rare. The root differs from all the preceding; also the scape 
 differs by being scaly. 
 
 CXXXVII. COMMELYNACE.E. 
 1. COMMELYNA, Linn. 
 
 1. C COMMUNIS, Linn. sp. 60. Root fibrous ; stems branched, 
 creeping; branchlets marked with a line of hairs; leaves sessile, 
 ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, rounded at the base; margin waved; 
 spathes opposite the leaves, rounded -cordate, acute-folded, smooth, 
 with roughish margins ; peduncles in the spathe 2, the longer one 
 1 -flowered, the shorter 3-flowered. Common everywhere. Syn. 
 C polygama, Willd. Enum. 67 ; Roth. Cat. Bot. i, p 1 ; C crespitosa, 
 Roxb. Fl. Jnd. i, 174(?). 
 
253 
 
 2. C BENGALENSIS, Linn. sp. 60. Stem branched, creeping, 
 hairy ; leaves petioled, ovate-elliptic or cordate-acute, puberulous 
 on both sides ; sheaths hairy, with the mouth ciliated ; spathes 
 shortly-peduncled, cucullate, turbinate, acute; peduncles twin in 
 each spathe, shorter one 2-flowered ; flowers bisexual, the longer 
 hairy, one-flowered ; flower barren. Common everywhere. 
 
 2. ANEILEMA, Brown. 
 
 1. A NUDIFLORUM, Br. Prod. 271. Stem creeping, branched; 
 branches erect, smooth ; leaves linear-lanceolate acute, sheathing 
 and ciliated at the base, smooth on both sides, margins a little 
 rough ; peduncles terminal, 1 to 2, elongated, with several flowers 
 in a kind of corymb at the apex ; capsules 3-celied ; cells 2-seeded ; 
 leaves 2 h to 3 inches long, 2 Alines broad. Common. Syn. Commelyna 
 nudiflora, Linn. sp. 61 ; Tradescantia malabarica, Linn. sp. 412. 
 
 2. A COMPRESSUM, Dalz. in Hook. Jour. Bot. iii, p 138. 
 Branched at the base and rooting ; branches ascending, compressed, 
 simple, smooth ; leaves short, bifarious, erisiform, rather obtuse, a 
 little folded ; sheaths hispid all round ; peduncles terminal, and 
 from the axils of sheathing bracts, 1 inch long ; flowers several, 
 shortly-pedicelled, racemose; exterior sepals oblong, obtuse, 
 smooth ; interior rounded, rose-coloured ; capsule oblong, 9-seeded. 
 Mai wan. Very like the preceding; but in this the leaves are 
 shorter, more fleshy, darker in colour, and there are more seeds in 
 the capsule. A secunda, Wight Ic. 2075. 
 
 3. A OCHRACEUM, Dalz. loc, cit. Stems erect, simple, round, 
 smooth, leafy ; lower leaves ovate-oblong, upper cordate-ovate, 
 acute and smaller ; pedicels 6 to 7 together, axillary and terminal 
 fascicled, articulated in the middle ; flowers ochre-yellow ; capsule 
 cartilaginous, smooth; cells 7 to 8-seeded ; seeds in 2 rows. In 
 wet, rocky places of the South Concan. Syn. Dichcespermum 
 repens, Wight Ic. 2078 (?). 
 
 4. A VERSICOLOR, Dalz. loc. cit. Branched ; branches erect 
 round, striated, hispid, with spreading hairs ; leaves distant lanceo- 
 late-acuminate, smooth, stem-clasping, 5 to 7-nerved beneath ; 
 sheaths rather long, a little hispid, furrowed and striated ; pedicels 
 axillary, fascicled, 3 to 4 together ; flowers ochre-yellow, twice as 
 large as in the preceding ; capsule linear, trigonal ; cells 7-seeded ; 
 seeds in a single row. Malwan. These two species are distinguish- 
 ed from all others by having yellow instead of blue flowers. 
 
 5. PAUCIFLORUM, Dalz. loc. cit. 2 feet high; the whole plant, 
 except the mouth of the sheaths, smooth ; leaves long-linear acumi- 
 nated, narrow ; sheaths of the lower leaves split, the upper sud- 
 denly transformed into short sheathing floral bracts ; pedicels 1 to 
 
254 
 
 3, from the axils of the bracts, twice articulated in the middle ; 
 fertile stamens 2, with orange-coloured anthers; capsule obtusely 
 trigonal ; seeds tuberculated, solitary in each cell. Allied to A 
 vaginatum, Br. ; but the much longer leaves, and 1 -seeded cells, 
 distinguish it from that species. Wight Ic. 2076. 
 
 6. A ELATUM, Dalz. loc. cit. 3 to 4 feet high ; stem erect, 
 round, smooth, leafy ; leaves linear-lanceolate acute, smooth, flat, 
 with white, undulated margins, 6 to 8 inches long, 2 inches broad ; 
 sheaths entire, 1 inch long peduncles terminal, dichotomously 
 branched, the branches distant and few-flowered ; flowers in threes ; 
 the petaloid sepals obovate cuneate, re Hexed. This remarkable 
 species has tuberous roots. Differs from the A giganteum of R. 
 Brown only in having bearded stamens, and from the A elatum 
 of Kunth, in the exterior sepals being oval, obtuse, and concave, 
 not linear, as in that species. Syn. Commelyna elata, Vahl (?). 
 In dark, shady woods of the South Concan. Wight Ic. 2072. 
 
 7. A CANALICULATUM, Dalz. loc. cit. 6 to 7 inches high ; root 
 fibrous ; stem simply branched erect, striated, alternately marked 
 on one side with a pubescent line ; lower leaves broad-linear 
 lanceolate, upper ones cordate-oblong, all stem-clasping, smooth, 
 channelled in the middle ; peduncles terminal and axillary, solitary 
 or twin, dichotomously branched, few-flowered ; flowers rather long- 
 pedicelled, bifarious, distant; stamens 3, perfect ; anthers blue, all 
 the filaments bearded ; capsule oblong, acutely trigonal ; cells 4 to 
 5-seeded ; seeds in a single row; flowers blue. Southern Concan. 
 Syn. A paniculatum, Wight Ic. 2075. 
 
 8. A DEMORPHUM, Dalz. loc. cit. All except the ciliated 
 mouth of the sheaths smooth, one foot high, a little branched at 
 the base ; branches erect, round-striated, internodes marked on 
 one side with a pubescent line ; lower leaves linear-acuminate, 
 upper lanceolate-acute, all stem-clasping ; flowers terminal, dicho- 
 tomously panicled, few ; pedicels and branches of the panicle with 
 rounded, cucullate bracts ; fertile stamens 3 ; anthers purple ; fertile 
 filaments only bearded, gland -bearing; filaments naked. The little 
 cucullate bracts mark this species from all others. When speci- 
 mens are found on a stony soil, the internodes are so much shortened 
 as to give the plant a very different appearance, the leaves appear- 
 ing all radical. Southern Concan. 
 
 9. A SEMITERES, Dalz. loc. cit. Stem erect, simple, round, 
 smooth, 2 to 5 inches high ; leaves few, subulate fleshy, half round ; 
 sheaths entire ; flowers terminal, and from the axils of the uppermost 
 leaf dichotomously panicled, few ; peduncles and pedicels red ; floral 
 sheaths truncate, one-toothed. All the filaments united at the base. 
 Syn. Cyanotis nimmoniana, Grah. Cat. p 224 ; Dichcespermum 
 juncoides, Wight. Ic. 2078. 
 
255 
 
 10. A TUBEROSUM, Hamilton in Wall. Cat. 5207. Root peren- 
 nial, composed of several smooth, elongated tubers ; stem none, 
 except the sheathing bases of the leaves, which appear after the 
 flowers ; leaves ensiform, waved acute, smooth ; racemes radical, 
 erect, straight, smooth ; scape branched above; branches each with 
 a sheathing bract ; branchlets with several pedicelled blue flowers, 
 rather large. Southern Corican, common. Syn. Commelyna 
 scapiflora, Roxb. Fl. Ind. i, 175. Royle has needlessly, it is thought, 
 made this into a new genus. (Mardaunia, Royle Himal, t. 95). Royle 
 states that the curious root sold in the bazars under the name of 
 " Kala-Mooslee," is the root of this plant ; but it does not bear the 
 least resemblance to it. A scapiflora, Wight Ic. 2078. 
 
 3. CYANOTIS. 
 
 J . C HISPIDA, Dalz. loc. cit. Annual, 4 to 5 inches high, all 
 hispid, slightly branched at the base ; stems erect, round, striated, 
 red ; leaves linear ensiform, fleshy, rather flat, 1 to 2 inches long, 
 3 to 6 lines broad ; flowers terminal, sessile, capitate, few, with 
 falcate semicordate bracts ; stamens 6, fertile, long-exserted ; anthers 
 of a very deep-violet colour; filaments bearded above, with blue 
 hairs all pointing to one side ; capsule with the cells 2-seeded. On 
 rocks. Southern Concan. Syn. Tradescantia rupestris, Law in 
 Grah. Cat. p 223. 
 
 2. C VIVIPARA, Dalz. loc. cit. Epiphytal stemless, all clothed 
 with rufous-spreading hairs ; radical leaves all linear ensiform, 
 flat, thick, fleshy, fascicled ; scapes rising from the root, filiform, 
 rooting and viviparous ; peduncles from the nodes of the scape, 
 solitary alternate, bearing a 3 to 4-flowered umbel, with 2 bracts ; 
 bracts at the base of the peduncle small, foliaceous, oblong, acute ; 
 sheathing cells of capsule 2-seeded ; valves much recurved after 
 dehiscence ; seeds cylindric. On trees at Parwar Ghaut. This is 
 a plant of a very peculiar habit, most resembling the large C 
 tuberosa ; the tuft of radical leaves are liliaceous in appearance. 
 
 3. C ADSCENDENS, Dalz. in Hook. Jour. Bot. iv, p 343. Root 
 tuberous ; stems several, ascending simple, round striated, shining ; 
 leaves linear ensiform glabrous ; heads terminal, many-flowered ; 
 flowers of a lovely blue. At Belgaum, in wet, grassy places. 
 
 4. C FASCICULATA, Roam, and Schultz syst. vii, 1152. 
 Woolly ; stem dichotomous ; leaves lanceolate, subpetioled ; head 
 of flowers terminal, few-flowered, with about 4 lanceolate-falcate 
 sheaths; flowers rose-coloured, filaments bearded with hairs, of which 
 the lower half are pure white, the upper half rose-coloured, 4 to 6 
 inches high. Common in rocky places in the Deccan. Syn. 
 Tradescantia fasciculata, Heyne in Roth. nov. sp. p 189 ; C dichro- 
 
256 
 
 tricha, Stocks in Wight Ic. 2086-87. The late Dr. Stocks suppos- 
 ed this to be a new species ; but we cannot find that it differs from 
 Heynes' plant, especially as we have found but one woolly species 
 in the Presidency. The differently coloured hairs are not obser- 
 vable in dried specimens, and therefore were not seen by Roth, 
 who described Heynes' specimens. 
 
 5. C TUBEROSA, Rcem. and Scltultz syst. vii, 1153. Root 
 tuberous perennial ; stems several, creeping, round, 6 to ^0 inches 
 long ; radical leaves 3 to 4, lily-like, ensiform, large ; stem ones 
 linear-lanceolate, sheathing, striated, villous and purple beneath ; 
 heads of flowers terminal and axillary, solitary or twin, pednncled, 
 imbricated; bracts falcate, ciliated ; flowers bluish-purple. This is a 
 large and coarse species when compared with the others. Common 
 in the Western Deccan, never seen in Concan. Hoxb. Cor. t. 108. 
 
 6. CRISTATA, Roem. and Schult. loc. cit. 11.50. Stem diffuse, 
 creeping, marked with alternate, pubescent lines ; leaves ovate- 
 lanceolate, smooth, ciliated ; pairs of bracts 6 to 7 lanceolate falcate, 
 imbricated, terminal ; stamens scarcely longer than the corolla. 
 The commonest species during the rains. Syn. Commelyna cristata, 
 Linn. sp. 62 ; Tradescantia cristata, Jacq. Vind. ii, t. 137; Bot. 
 Mag. 1435. 
 
 7. C AXILLARIS, Roem. and Schult. syst. vii, 1155. Stem 
 branched, creeping, the branches puberulous on one side ; leaves 
 linear-acute, smooth, ciliated ; sheaths ciliated ; flowers axillary in 
 twos or threes, subsessile, coming out in succession. Western 
 Deccan, not uncommon. Syn. Tradescantia axillaris, Linn. Mant. 
 321; Rheed, Mai. x, .13. 
 
 4. DITHYROCARPUS, Kunth. 
 
 1. D PANICULATUS, Kunth. Enum. iv, p 79. Stem-creeping 
 with the extremities erect and smooth; sheaths with the mouth 
 woolly ; leaves lanceolate-acuminate ; panicle terminal, subglobose, 
 many-flowered, pubescent. On the Ghauts ; might be easily 
 mistaken for a grass at first sight. Syn. D rothii, Wight Ic. 
 2080; Tradescantia paniculata, Roxb. Cor. PL t. 109; Roth. nov. 
 sp. 188(7). 
 
 5. FLAGELLARIA, Linn. 
 
 1. F INDICA, Linn. Willd. ii, 263. A long, straggling, scand- 
 ent, perennial plant; leaves narrow, ending in "long, slender, spiral 
 cirrhi ; flowers inconspicuous ; berries globose, size of a pea, 
 smooth, red, pulpy, generally one-seeded, with 2 abortive ovules ; 
 the flowers are terminal and panicled as in the preceding plant, and 
 are often by abortion unisexual. Among rocks near the sea, 
 South Concan. 
 
257 
 CXXXVIII. ORONTIACE.E. 
 
 1. POTHOS, Linn. 
 
 1. P SCANDENS, Linn. sp. 1374. Climbing and rooting on 
 trees ; stems long, very tough ; leaves entire, articulated with the 
 petiole ; petioles winged, slightly stem-clasping at the base ; leaves 
 lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate acuminate, obtuse and rounded at 
 the base ; spadices axillary solitary, peduncled, recurved, subglobose. 
 The leaves are coriaceous, smooth, 2 to 4 inches long ; berries 
 oblong, red, pulpy, 1 to 2-seeded. In the Ghaut jungles, pretty 
 common. Rheed. Mai. vii, t. 40; Bot. Reg. t. 1337; Syn. 
 Flagellaria repens, Lour. Coch. 263. 
 
 2. SCINDAPSUS, Schott. 
 
 1. S PERTUSUS, Schott. Meletem. i, 21. Stem climbing and 
 rooting on trees, smooth, about an inch in diameter ; leaves large, 
 long-petioled, cordate, pinnatifid on one side, and pierced on the 
 other; spadices shortly-peduncled ; spathe gibbous, acute, a little 
 longer than the spadix ; spadix cylindric-obtuse. Jungles in the 
 Southern Concan. Syn. Pothos pertusus, Roxb. Fl. Ind. ; Rheed. 
 Mai. xii, t.2V, 21. 
 
 CXXXIX. AROIDE.E. 
 1. CRYPTOCORYNE, Fisch. 
 
 1. C ROXBTJRGHII, Dalz. Root fibrous, stoloniferous ; leaves 
 radical, erect, ensiform, smooth, a little curled on the margin ; 8 to 12 
 inches long ; scape about an inch long, compressed, smooth ; spathe 
 as. long as the leaves, erect, twisted like a screw to a very fine point, 
 beautifully spotted inside, with very dark-purple ; capsule coriaceous, 
 conical, 5-celled ; seeds very numerous. Banks of streams and other 
 wet places, common ; flowering in October. This is the Ambrosinia 
 unilocularis of Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii, 493 ; but as the fruit is not 
 unilocular, we are obliged to alter the specific name. No. 1618 of 
 Graham's Catalogue. 
 
 2. LAGENANDRA, Dalz. 
 
 1. L TOXICARIA, Dalz. in Hook. Jour. Bot. iv, p 289. A 
 marsh plant, 3 feet high, with a thick creeping root or rhizome ; 
 leaves on long petioles, oblong, obtuse, entire, coriaceous, lar^e ; 
 sheaths stipulary, opposite the leaf; scapes axillary, solitary, 
 compressed ; spathe longer than the scape, tubular at the base, 
 attenuated into a long, slender apex ; fruit compound, about 1 inch 
 33 c 
 
258 
 
 in diameter ; seeds cylindric-oblong, minute, several in each cell, 
 erect from the base. Marshes of the Southern Concan and Belgaum 
 Collectorate, rare. Called " Yutsunab" by the natives ; it is 
 a deadly poison. 
 
 3. ARIS.EMA, Martins. 
 
 1. A MURRAYII, Bot. Mag. t. 4388. Tubers the size of small 
 potatoes ; leaves peltate divided ; segments 5 to 6, ovate-lanceo- 
 late acuminate ; lower part of the spathe green, forming a wide tube ; 
 upper ovate convex, somewhat cucullate, acuminate; spadix subu- 
 late, bent, scarcely longer than the tube of the spathe. Mahablesh- 
 wur; flowers in May, before the leaves. Snake Lily of Anglo- 
 Indians. 
 
 2. ERUBESCENS, Schott. Meletem. i, 17 ; Blume in Rumph. i, 
 93. Leaves peltate divided ; segments 10 to 12, sessile, linear- 
 lanceolate acuminated, entire, remotely veined; spadix club-shaped, 
 rather obtuse, shorter than the acuminated-subfornicate spathe. 
 Syn. Arum erubescens, Wall. PI. As. rar. ii. 30, t. 156. Between 
 Ram Ghaut and Belgaum in the rains. 
 
 3. CUKVATUM, Kunth. Ennm. iii, 20. Stemless ; leaflets 10 to 
 12, lanceolate ; spathe fornicate, half the length of the curved 
 spadix ; roots tuberous ; leaves with very long petioles ; leaflets 
 entire, glabrous. Syn, Arum curvatum, Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii, 506. 
 
 4. TYPHONIUM, Schott 
 
 1. T BTJLBIFERUM, Dalz. in Hook. Jour. Bot. iv, 113. 5 to 6 
 inches high ; leaves '2, cordate-hastate mucronulate, long-petioled, 
 shining beneath ; petioles 3 times longer than the leaf, striated, 
 bulb-bearing at the apex ; spathe narrow-linear, of a pale rose- 
 colour ; spadix as long as the spathe, filiform, ovule one erect, 
 stalked, fixed to the base of the ovary. Southern Concan ; flowers 
 in June. 
 
 5. TAPINOCARPUS, Dalz. 
 
 1. T INDICUS, Dalz. in Hook. Jour. Bot. iii, 346. Stemless; 
 root small, tuberous, perennial ; leaves long-petioled, cordate-hastate 
 entire ; basal lobes obtuse ; scape long exserted ; spathe convolute 
 at the base, above narrow elongated, acuminate, flat ; spadix cylin- 
 dric above, slender, as long as the spathe. The scape when in fruit 
 is contorted and bent downwards, the fruit resting on the ground. 
 Vingorla ; in the rains. 
 
259 
 
 6. AMORPHOPHALLUS, Blume. 
 
 1. A CAMPANULATUS, Bl. in DeCaisne Descr. Herb. Timor. 
 38. Root perennial, tuberous, of enormous size ; leaves radical, 
 few, thrice bifid, divisions outwardly pirmatifid ; segments oblique- 
 ly oblong-pointed, smooth ; petioles round, pretty smooth or 
 verrucose, clouded ; spathe large, leathery, campanulate, the border 
 curled ; spadix about as long as the spathe, lower and flowering 
 part cylindric, upper part very short and broad, conical or sub- 
 globular, lobate and wrinkled. This is the cultivated Soorun ; it 
 grows wild on the banks of streams in the Southern Concan. Syn. 
 Arum campanulatum, Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii, 509. The flowers appear 
 long before the leaves. 
 
 2. A SYLVATICUS, Kunth. Enum. iii, p 34. Root perennial, 
 tuberous, nearly smooth, like a potato ; stem none ; leaves radical, 
 1 to 2-petioled, thrice 2 or more lobed ; lobes pinnatifid ; segments 
 lanceolate ; petioles winged ; scape tall, erect, round ; spathe one- 
 third the length of the spadix, which tapers to a long, subulate point. 
 Southern Concan, common. This is probably the plant entered as 
 Dracontium in Grah. Cat p 229. Syn. Arum sylvaticum, Roxb. 
 Fl. Ind. iii, 611. 
 
 7. ARIOPSIS, J. Grah. 
 
 1. A PELTATA, Nimmo in Grah. Cat p 252. A small plant; 
 leaf solitary, orbicular, peltate ; spathe small, cucullate, a little 
 longer than the spadix ; spadix club-shaped, foraminiferous, each 
 foramen containing 6 anthers ; ovaries below adnate with the spathe. 
 Common in the Concan ; flowers in June. 
 
 8. REMUSATIA, Schott. 
 
 1. R VIVIPARA, Schott Meletem. i, 18. Sternless; root tuber- 
 ous ; leaves appearing after the flowers, long-petioled, peltate 
 cordate, acuminate; peduncle with bracts short; spathe yellow. 
 In the clefts of trees in the Ghaut jungles ; it rarely flowers, but 
 sends up several stalks, covered with minute, scaly bulbs. Syn. 
 Arum viviparum, Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii, 496 ; Rheed. xii, t. 9. 
 
 GXL. XYRIDACE.E. 
 
 1. XYRIS, Linn. 
 
 1. INDICA, Linn. Zeyl. 14. A rush-like plant, smooth; 
 peduncles round, grooved, sheathed with the leaf below ; leaves 
 linear ensiform, shorter than the peduncle ; spikes elliptic, many- 
 
260 
 
 flowered ; scales broadly obovate, rounded at the apex, shining, 
 smooth ; flowers yellow. In salt marshes in the South Concan ; near 
 Raree Fort. Rheed. Mai. ix, t. 7. 
 
 CXLI. ORCHIDACE.E. 
 
 1. OBERONIA, Lindley. 
 
 1. O RECURVA, Lind. A small, stemless plant; leaves bifa- 
 rious, fleshy, short acute ; raceme recurved, many flowered ; petals 
 obovate, subdentate ; lip subrotund, 4-lobed ; lobes erose, denti- 
 culate ; flowers minute, brick-red. Bot. Reg. 1839, p 14, Misc. 
 On trees on the Ghauts. 
 
 2. O LINDLEYANA, Wight Ic. 1624. Much larger than the 
 preceding; leaves ensiform, short, fleshy, brown, slightly falcate; 
 stem compressed ; spike drooping towards the apex, densely covered 
 with innumerable small, sessile flowers; sepals broad-ovate obtuse, 
 entire; petals narrow-linear; lip 2-lobed at the apex; flowers 
 straw-coloured ; lip dull-orange. On trees on the Ghauts. The 
 free, spherical, reticulate, hollow cells in the leaves of this plant 
 are curious and beautiful objects. 
 
 2. MICROSTYLIS, Nuttal. 
 
 1. M RHEEDEI, Lind. Gen. and Sp. Orch. Stem leafy; leaves 
 oblong-lanceolate, plaited ; flowers in a long, slender spike, 
 purplish ; lip truncated, dentate, largely overlapping at the base. 
 Wight Ic. 902. In the Southern Concan ; flowers in June. Syn. 
 Malaxis rheedei, Willd. ; Epidendrum resupinatum, Forst. 
 
 3. DENDROBIUM, Swartz. 
 
 1. D LAWANUM, Lindl. in Proc. Linn. Soc. iii, p 10. Young 
 stems fleshy, ascending ; leaves membranaceous, lanceolate-acute ; 
 flowering-stem leafless, concealed under lax, membranaceous, 
 sheaths ; sepals and petals ovate, rather obtuse ; lip a little larger, 
 of the same shape, concave; flowers in pairs, of a beautiful shining 
 rose-colour. On trees on the Ghauts to the south. Syn. Dendro- 
 chilum roseum, Dalz. in Hook. Jour. Bot. iv, p 291 ; flowers in 
 the cold season. 
 
 2. D MACR^I, Lind. Gen. and Sp. Orch., No. 3. A large, 
 much-branched plant; stems many, long and pendulous, knotty, 
 and with many oblong pseudo-bulbs ; leaf 1, terminal, short-oblong, 
 on the terminating pseudo-bulb ; flowers solitary at the base of the 
 leaf, one in front and one behind, small, white ; middle lobe of the 
 lip much dilated, and the disk with 2 longitudinal fleshy crests. 
 
261 
 
 On Jambool trees at the Ram Ghaut ; flowers in August. Lind- 
 ley's specimens were from Ceylon. 
 
 3. D RAMOSISSIMUM, Wight Ic. 1648. Much-branched ; lower 
 part of the stem naked, smooth, dark, shining, brownish-coloured ; 
 branchlets leafy ; leaves narrow-linear, lanceolate-acute ; racemes 
 terminal, short, few-flowered; flowers small; sepals ovate-lanceolate 
 acute, broader than the lanceolate-acute, entire petals ; lip oblong 
 obtuse, contracted near the apex, forming a suborbicular, terminal 
 lobe ; flowers whitish-yellow. Mahableshwurand other Ghauts. 
 
 4. D MICROBOLBON, A. Richard, Ann. Soc. Nat. xv, t. 8. 
 Pseudo-bulbs ovate, covered with the sheaths of fallen leaves ; 
 leaves often wanting, when present, one or two from the apex of 
 the bulb linear-lanceolate, about the length of the scape; raceme 
 erect, 4 to 8-flowered ; bracts small, linear subulate ; lateral sepals 
 acute subfalcate, forming, with the process of the column, an acute 
 spur; posterior divaricato-lanceolute ; petals lanceolate, narrower 
 than the posterior sepal; lip large, 3-lobed ; middle lobe crenulate, 
 suborbicular ; lateral ones entire, or slightly crenate ; flowers greenish- 
 yellow, tipped with pink, with darker crimson lines. On trees in 
 the Concan ; flowers in July and August. D crispum, Dalz. in 
 Hook. Jour. Bot. iv, p 1 1 1 ; D humile, Wight 1643. 
 
 5. D CHLOROPS, Lind. in Bot. Reg. 1844, Misc. 54. Stems 
 terete, aphyllous when bearing flowers ; racemes lateral and terminal ; 
 sepals and petals ovate-lanceolate ; middle lobe of the lip round, 
 fleshy, inciso-crenate, greenish-yellow, streaked with violet. Com- 
 mon in both Concans ; flowering in the cold season. Syn. D 
 heymanum, Wight Ic. 009 (?). 
 
 6. D BARBATULUM, Lind. Gen. and Sp. Orch., No. 44. Stems 
 when flower-bearing round, leafless, enveloped in the withered 
 sheaths of the leaves ; racemes lateral and terminal, many-flowered ; 
 sepals ovate-acuminate ; petals obovate-acute, larger than the upper 
 sepal ; middle lobe of lip flat, obovate, obtuse entire, bearded at 
 the base with yellow hairs; flowers cream or nankin-coloured. 
 Common in the Concans, flowering in the cold weather. Wight 
 Ic. 910. Flowers much larger than in the preceding. 
 
 4. CIRRHOPETALUM, Lind. 
 
 1. C FIMBRIATUM, Hook. Bot. Mag.; Lind. Bot. Reg. 1839, 
 p 72. Leafless; pseudo-bulbs cespitose, irregularly angular, 
 depressed ; scapes slender, erect, furnished with remote, adpressed 
 scales ; umbels many-flowered, orbicular ; lateral sepals long, linear, 
 cohering to near the point; posterior ovate-acuminate, and with 
 the conformable but smaller petals fimbriate on the margin ; lip 
 ovate, obtuse fleshy, shorter than the petals ; lateral sepals often 
 
262 
 
 cohering, cream-coloured with darker lines ; petals, lip, and posterior 
 sepal red ; flowers in the cold weather. A curious and elegant 
 Orchid. It has been called the Umbrella Orchis, from the likeness 
 of the inflorescence. Parwar Ghaut ; on trees. 
 
 5. ERIA, Lind. 
 
 1. E BRACCATA, Lind. in Jour. Proc. Linn. Soc. iii, p 46. 
 Cespitose, stemless ; pseudo-bulbs orbicular, enclosed in a net-like 
 sack; leaves about 2, elliptic-spreading; ; scape filiform, short, 1- 
 flowered, furnished at the apex with a large, somewhat boat-shaped 
 bractea; flowers large, white, resupinate, expanding sepals and 
 petals about equal, exceeding the obscurely 3-lobed lip ; lip and 
 column yellowish. On branches of trees in the Southern Concan 
 and Ghauts. Syn. E uniflora, Dalz. in Hook. Jour. Bot. iv, 111; 
 E reticosa, Wight Ic. 1637. Grows also in Ceylon and the Neil- 
 gherries, where, however, the flowers are much smaller. 
 
 2. E MICROCHILOS, Linn. loc. cit. Pseudo-bulbs deeply bi- 
 lobed ; lobes orbicular, much-depressed, reticulated, with a white 
 skin; leaves 3 to 4 linear, rather obtuse, rather flattened towards 
 the top, narrowed at the base, and there sheathing the flowering 
 scape ; flowers spiked alternate, secund, minute, of a straw-colour ; 
 capsule sessile ovate, smooth; sepals acuminated from a broad 
 base ; petals similar ; lip ovate, undivided, half their length. On 
 trees, particularly the Mango, in the Warree Country; flowers in 
 August. Syn. Dendrobium microchilos, Dalz. in Hook. Jour. Bot. 
 iii, 345. 
 
 3. E DALZELLI, Lind. loc. cit. Very like the last, a little more 
 robust, but the sepals are here fringed with marginal glands ; the 
 flowers are larger and less fleshy ; the lip is membranous, ovate- 
 lanceolate, and distinctly serrulate towards the point. Southern 
 Concan and Ghauts. Often in the hollows of trees. Syn Den- 
 drobium dalzellii, Hook, in Jour. Bot. ; D filiforme, Wight Jc. 
 1642 ; Dendrobium fimbriatum, Hook. Jour, iv, 292. 
 
 6. PHOLTDOTA, Lind. 
 
 1. P IMBRICATA, Lind. Gen. and Sp. Orch. p 36. Pseudo- 
 bulbs ovate oblong obtuse, somewhat angled ; leaves solitary oblong- 
 lanceolate, plicate, acute ; spikes the length of the leaves ; pendu- 
 lous, slender ; bracts membranaceous, concave imbricated ; lateral 
 sepals ovate, carinate ; lip subglobose, cucullate ; lateral lobes 
 small, erect, middle one 2-lobed, cordate. Near Vin^orla, rare. 
 Hook. Exot. Fl. t. 138; Bot. Reg. 1213; Wight Ic. 907. Grows 
 also on the Himalayas, at a height of 5,000 feet. 
 
263 
 
 7. COTTON I A, Wight. 
 
 1. C MACROSTACHYS, Wight Ic. 1755. Epiphytal, caulescent; 
 leaves linear distichous, obliquely emarginate; peduncles very long 
 and wiry, bearing a few-flowered short racemes at the apex ; flower- 
 buds globose ; sepals broad-obovate, obtuse ; petals smaller, sub- 
 lanceolate, cuneate at the base ; lip fiddle-shaped, purple with 
 yellow borders, velvetty, and furnished with bristly knobs and 
 curious appendages. One of our most singular Orchids, the flower 
 somewhat resembling a Humble-Bee. At Kulna in the Warree 
 Country, and on Chola Ghaut, now established in Dapoorie Garden. 
 Syn. Vanda peduncularis, Lind. Gen. and S|>. Orch, p 2!6 ; Pax- 
 ton's Fl. Gard. iii, t. 253. Lindley's specimens were from Ceylon. 
 
 8. MICROPERA, Dalzell. 
 
 1. M MACULATA, Dalz. in Hook. Jour. Bot. iii, 282. Almost 
 stemless ; leaves flat, linear oblong, narrow towards the base, 
 obliquely emarginate at the apex, and furnished with a mucro ; 
 racemes basal and axillary, simple, solitary, elongated, erect, many- 
 flowered from the base, twice the length of the leaves ; sepals and 
 petals about equal, obovate; lip painted with white and rose-colour, 
 and furnished with two horns on the sides, which lean backwards ; 
 spur shorter than the flower, saccate, obtuse, pointing forwards, 
 hairy within, and lying under a 3-lobed laminae ; the lip in the front 
 resembles a shoe, with the front leather turned backwards, white at 
 the base ; it is like a side-saddle. Very curious. Tulkut Ghaut; 
 flowers in May ; sepals and petals yellow, with a purple spot in the 
 centre. 
 
 9. SACCOLABIUM. 
 
 1. S GUTTATUM, Lind. Gen. and Sp. Orch. 220. Leaves 
 linear-channelled, denticulate-truncate or prsemorse at the apex ; 
 racemes pendulous, densely many-flowered ; posterior sepal ovate, 
 lateral ones unequal-sided, about twice the breadth of the 
 lanceolate-acute petals ; spur saccate, compressed, conical, hairy on 
 the throat ; laminae of the lip broad, obcordato-cuneate, spreading ; 
 flowers pale-pink, dotted with deeper coloured spots; lip deeper 
 pink. Salsette and the Concans. Syn. S blumei ; S rheedei, 
 Wight Ic. 1745-46, exclude the dissections. 
 
 2. S VIRIDIFLORUM, Lind. in Proc. Linn. Soc. iii, p 36. 
 Stemless ; leaves 2, oblong, flat obtuse, emarginate ; peduncle 
 lateral, with two sheaths, few-flowered, much shorter than the leaves ; 
 sepals and petals unguiculate, obtuse ; lip oval, equal to the 
 incurved infundibular spur. Very like Oeceoclades pusilla, but 
 with much shorter spikes, and fleshy, not membranous, flowers. On 
 
264 
 
 the Ghauts; flowers greenish-white. Syn. Micropera viridiflora, 
 Dalz. in Hook. Jour. Bot. iii, 282 ; the lip is beautifully painted 
 with white and rose-colour, 
 
 3. S PAPILLOSUM, Lind. Bot. Reg. t. 1552. Leaves strap- 
 shaped, unequally 2-lobed at the apex ; peduncles much shorter 
 than the leaves ; sepals and petals subspathulate ; sepals equal, 
 larger than the petals ; lip 3-lobed ; lateral lobes short-obtuse, middle 
 one suborbicular, saccate at the base ; flowers yellow, transversely 
 streaked with purple; lip white, transversely streaked with rose- 
 colour; flowers very stiff and fleshy. Exceedingly common in the 
 Concan. Syn. Aeridesundulatum, Smith ; Cymbidum praemorsum, 
 Swartz ; Epidendrum praemorsum, Roxb. Cor. PI. t. 43; Vanda 
 wightiana, Wight Ic. 1670. 
 
 4. S KUBRUM, Lind. Leaves channelled, bowed, bidentate at 
 the apex ; racemes erect, many-flowered ; sepals and petals ovate- 
 obtuse; spur cylindrical-obtuse, incurved; laminae oval-acuminate, 
 fleshy at the apex, bicorniculate at the base ; flowers deep rose- 
 coloured ; leaves mottled with purple, pale on the under surface ; 
 flowers, like most other Orchids, in the rainy season. Salsette, 
 pretty common. 
 
 10. SARCANTHUS, Lind. 
 
 1. S PENINSULARIS, Dalz. in Hook. Jour. Bot. iii, p 343. 
 Stem simple, terete, flexuose, leafy, pendulous ; leaves linear-acumi- 
 nate, thick, coriaceous, a little 3-edged ; racemes opposite the 
 leaves, and half their length ; spur as long as the flower, horn-like, 
 obtuse pendulous, completely bilocular; the throat closed by 2 
 tubercles ; lip short, entire, ovate, obtuse, thick, fleshy, erect, painted 
 with white and violet. On trees near Virdee, in the Warree Coun- 
 try ; flowers in July and August. Syn. S pauciflorus, Wight Ic. 
 1747. 
 
 11. EULOPHIA, R. Br. 
 
 1. E BICOLOR, Dalz. loc. cit. p 43. Root like a small potato; 
 leaves 2 to 3, linear-lanceolate acute, with many folds coming after 
 the flowers ; scape a foot and a-half high, longer than the leaves, 
 with 9 to 10 rather distant flowers, which are either purple or 
 yellowish-green ; sepals linear-oblong, acute, 7-nerved ; petals 
 oblong-obtuse, shorter than the sepals, 3-nerved in the middle ; lip 
 obtuse saccate, 3-lobed ; lateral lobes short, flat, erect ; middle one 
 elongated, recurved, with crisp margins, with 10 crested veins on 
 the disk. On the Ghauts ; flowers in June. Native name " Am- 
 berkund." Wight Ic. 1690(7). 
 
 2. E PRATENSIS, Lindl. in Jour. Proc. Linn. Soc. iii, p 25. 
 Leafless ; stem-sheaths about 5, very acute ; raceme lax, many- 
 
265 
 
 flowered ; sepals and petals oblong-acute ; lip 3-lobed ; lateral 
 segments ovate-obtuse, about equal to the ovate-obtuse middle one; 
 crested veins 3 ; spur short, conic-obtuse. Pasture lands in the 
 Deccan, in the cold season. 
 
 3. E OCHREATA, Lind. loc. cit. Leaves oblong-acute; scape 
 with 3 loose sheaths ; bracts linear acuminate, longer than the 
 ovary ; raceme cylindric ; sepals oval-acute, concave ; petals broader 
 and flat; lip oblong, serrated, with all the veins fringed; spur 
 small, hemispherical. A small-flowered species, with a rather 
 dense, cylindrical raceme, 4 to 5 inches long ; all the parts of the 
 flower membranous. The Concan. 
 
 4. K HERBACEA, Lind. in Wall. Cat. A species something 
 like Bicolor, but the spike is shorter and thicker ; the spur is also 
 shorter, and the flowers double the size ; sepals long, green, and 
 narrow; petals broader and shorter ; lip with fringed veins. The 
 Concans; grows also on the Himalayas. 
 
 12. BRIDES, Lour. 
 
 1. A CRISPUM, Lind. Gen. and Sp. Orch. p 239. Leaves 
 strap-shaped, obliquely emarginate at the apex ; panicle large, lateral 
 branches few-flowered, terminal one long, drooping, many-flowered ; 
 sepals broad, ovate-elliptic, obtuse; petals rhombeo-spathulate ; lip 
 3-lobed ; lateral ones small, suborbicular ; middle one subtriangular, 
 crenate, truncate at the apex; spur tapering, shorter than the lip, 
 hooked outwards ; fruit short, obconical ; flowers rose-coloured ; lip 
 deeper coloured. Southern Concan and Warree Country. Syn. 
 A brookei, Bot. Reg. 1841 ; A crispum, Bot. Reg. 1842, t. 55; 
 Saccolabium speciosum, Wight Ic. 1674-75. 
 
 2. A LINDLEYANA, Wight Ic. 1677. Leaves fleshy, coriaceous, 
 linear-oblong, oblique, deeply emarginate at the apex ; racemes 
 erect, few-flowered ; sepals and petals obovate, suborbicular ; an- 
 terior sepals somewhat larger, and, like the lip, thick and coria- 
 ceous; lip 3-lobed, attached to the point of the prolonged base of 
 the column ; lateral lobes small, ovate, ventricose above, crisp on the 
 margins, with a large, fleshy lobe at the base, closing the spur; spur 
 short, rigid, inflexed under the laminae ; capsules large, obovate, 
 long-pedicelled ; flowers pinkish-lilac ; lip deeper coloured, sweetly 
 fragrant. Near Vingoiia, and in the Warree Country. 
 
 3. A WIGHTIANUM, Lind. Gen. and Sp. 238. Leaves strap- 
 shaped, oblique at the base, 2-lobed at the apex, with a tooth 
 between; racemes straight, simple, many-flowered, longer than the 
 leaves; sepals and petals oval; anterior ones larger; lip funnel- 
 shaped ; lateral lobes adnate to the foot of the column ; the middle 
 one subcuneate, roundish, 3-lobed at the apex ; disk crested with 
 several crisp lines ; spur short, conical ; middle lobe of the lip deep 
 
 34 c 
 
266 
 
 lilac ; capsules club-shaped, 6-angled ; flowers yellow. Southern 
 Concan. Syn. Vanda parviflora, Lind. in Bot. Reg. 1844, 
 Misc. 57. 
 
 4. A MACULOSUM, Lind. Bot. Reg. 1845, t. 58. Leaves 
 coriaceous, plain, oblique at the apex, obtuse ; racemes dense, 
 nodding, subpaniculate ; sepals round-oblong; petals the same, 
 double the breadth; lip ovate, entire, with a tooth on each side at 
 the base, and a tubercle between ; flowers spotted all over with 
 light-purple, on a pale rose-coloured ground. Pretty common in 
 the Concan jungles. 
 
 13. CYMBIDIUM, Swartz. 
 
 1. C ALOIFOLIUM, Swartz. Leaves long ensiform, coriaceous, 
 oblique obtuse ; racemes pendulous, many-flowered ; bracts minute ; 
 petals and sepals lanceolate, somewhat obtuse ; lip revolute ; lateral 
 lobes acute, middle one oblong, obtuse ; petals and sepals yellowish- 
 red ; lip dark-lilac, tending to purple. One of our largest Orchids ; 
 it grows in great bunches on the branches of trees, and even on 
 Palms. Alibaug, Chowreekhind, Salsette. Syn. Epidendrum aloi- 
 folium, Linn. sp. PI ; ^Erides borassi, Smith in Rees Cyclop. ; 
 Wight Ic. 1687-88. 
 
 14. LUISIA, Gaudichand. 
 
 1. L TENUIFOLIA, Blume Rumph. iv, p 50. Leaves sub- 
 cylindric (terete) ; umbels subsessile ; sepals linear-obtuse, spreading, 
 mucronate below the point, shorter than the oblong linear obtuse 
 subfalcate petals and lip ; lip oblong convave, with 3 callosities on 
 the disk, auricled at the base, membranaceous, 2-lobed at the apex ; 
 sepals yellowish-green ; lip purple, streaked with paler lines. 
 Southern Concan. Wight Ic. 911 ; Syn. Cymbidium tenuifolium, 
 Willd. sp; Epidendrum tenuifolium, Linn. 
 
 15. GEODORUM, R. Br. 
 
 1. G. PURPUREUM, Roxb. Bulbs undivided, roundish, smooth ; 
 leaves' oval, many-nerved, plaited; scape longer than the leaves; 
 spike oblong, pendulous; flowers rather distant, rose-coloured or 
 purple, with the lip sharp-pointed. In the Warree Country. 
 Syn. Malaxis nutans, Willd. iv, 93 ; Limodorum nutans, Roxb. 
 Cor. PI. 1, t. 40 ; Rheed. Mai. xi, t. 35. 
 
 2. G. DILATATUM, li. Br. Bulb biennial, nearly round ; leaves 
 broad-lanceolate, 5-nerved, plaited, a little waved round the 
 margins, smooth, 6 to 12 inches long, 3 to 4 broad ; scape about 
 twice the length of the leaves or shorter, with a few sheathing 
 
267 
 
 bracts ; flowering-spike oblong, cernuous, many-flowered ; flowers 
 rose-coloured or purple. 
 
 16. HABENARIA, Willd. 
 
 1. H ROTUNDIFOLIA, Lind. Gen. and Sp. Orch. p 306. 
 About 8 inches high ; leaf solitary, radical, cordate, subrotund ; 
 raceme 3 to 5-flowered ; petals bifid ; anterior segment subulate ; 
 lip 3-partite; divisions subequal, middle one broader; flowers 
 white; appear in July and August. Between Ram Ghaut and 
 Belgaum ; Sewnere Fort. 
 
 2. DIGITATA, Lind. loc. cit. p 307. Leaves ovate oblong- 
 acute, undulate ; raceme long, many-flowered ; flowers greenish- 
 white ; petals bipartite, divisions linear ; lip 3-partite, divisions also 
 linear. Island of Caranjah ; flowers in July. Syn. H trinervia, 
 Wight Ic. 1701. 
 
 3. FOLIOSA, A. Richard on the authority of Wight (Ic. 1700). 
 One foot high, leafy; leaves lanceolate-acute, 5 inches long; bracts 
 a little shorter than the ovary; upper sepal ovate-obtuse; lateral 
 oblong; petals bipartite ; posterior divisions linear, spirally twisted; 
 anterior setaceous; shorter lip tripartite; divisions filiform, middle 
 one broader and longer ; spur slender clavate, shorter than the 
 ovary ; flowers greenish-white, appear in August. Salsette. Syn. 
 H laciniata, Dalz. in Hook. Jour. Bot ii, 261. Allied to H lanci- 
 folia, Hich. 
 
 4. H MODESTA, Dalz. in Hook. Jour. Bot. ii, p 262. Stem 
 leafy at the base, naked above ; leaves (?) ; bracts half the length 
 of the ovary ; lip trifid ; lateral divisions linear-lanceolate, free, 
 spreading; middle one ovate- obtuse, shorter, introrse, cohering with 
 the apices of the petals and with the upper sepal, and concealing 
 the column ; spur filiform, scarcely clavate, a little longer than the 
 ovary ; flowers greenish-white, appear in August, Salsette. 
 
 5. H CARANJENSIS, Dalz. loc. cit. Lower leaves somewhat 
 rounded, upper oblong-lanceolate, 3-nerved ; bracts acuminated, 
 shorter than the ovary; upper sepal rounded; petals half L ovate 
 obtuse; lip tripartite ; middle division oblong, rather obtuse, lateral 
 ones shorter, cuneate, truncate ; spur clavate, shorter than the 
 ovary ; flowers small, yellow. Island of Caranjah. 
 
 6. H CANDIDA, Dalz. loc. cit. Stem 1 foot high, leafy ; leaves 
 sheathing at the base, linear lanceolate acute-mucronate, 3 to 5- 
 nerved, changing above into floral bracts, which are a little longer 
 than the ovary ; upper sepal ovate, obtuse ; lateral oblong-obtuse ; 
 petals entire oblong, rather acute ; lip trifid, middle one broad 
 lanceolate obtuse, lateral linear falcate, all of the same length ; spur 
 slender filiform, shorter than the ovary ; flowers few, white. Allied 
 to Heyneana. Southern Concan. 
 
268 
 
 7. H SUAVEOLENS, Dalz. loc. cit. Stem half a foot high, leafy 
 only at the base ; leaves lanceolate-acute, erect, folded, half the 
 length of the scape ; scape angled, with one bract in the middle, few- 
 flowered ; floral bracts foliaceous, ovate-lanceolate acute, sheath- 
 ing as lon i _> as the ovary ; upper sepal broad-lanceolate, rather acute ; 
 lateral sepals falcate, acute, deflexed in flowering ; petals and sepals 
 alike ; lip trifid ; middle segment linear-acute ; lateral broader and 
 shorter, obliquely truncated and denticulate at the apex ; spur 
 pendulous filiform, scarcely clavate, as long as the ovary. Between 
 Vingorla and Mai wan, rare. Jasmine-scented Habenaria. The 
 colour of the flowers, and the form of the lip, the same as in the 
 following, which is also a sweet-smelling species. Syn. H deci- 
 piens, Wight Ic. 927 (?). 
 
 8. H LONGICALCARATA, A. Richard. 2 to 3 feet high ; radical 
 leaves numerous, oblong-elliptic, acute, upper leafless ; part of the 
 stem clothed with the sheaths of numerous depauperated leaves ; 
 flowers 1 to 2, large, long-peduncled; bracts convolute, oval-acumi- 
 nated, the length of the peduncle ; petals erect lanceolate ; lip tri- 
 fid ; middte segment lanceolate, narrow ; lateral ones broad, trun- 
 cate, crenate ; spur very long, 2 to 3 times longer than the ovary 
 and peduncle. Grassy pastures near Belgaum, abundant. Wight 
 Ic. 925. 
 
 9. H HEYNEANA, Lind. Leaves narrow-oval acute; raceme 
 lax, secund, few-flowered ; bracts foliaceous, cucullate, somewhat 
 ventricose acuminated, longer than the flowers; lip 3-parted; seg- 
 ments about equal ; middle one narrow-oval ; lateral ones filiform 
 incurved ; spur pendulous, filiform, shorter than the ovary ; flowers 
 pale yellowish-green. Pastures in the Warree Country, and on 
 the Ghauts. Wight Ic. 923. 
 
 10. H MARGIN ATA, Colebrooke in Hook. Exot. PI. t. 136. 
 Radical leaves cordate-oblong, with a white margin ; raceme dense, 
 many-flowered; lip tripartite; lateral divisions linear acuminate ; 
 middle lanceolate, obtuse, shorter; flowers of a very deep-yellow. 
 In Caranjah; on the Ghauts around Jooneer. 
 
 11. H DIPHYLLA, Dalz. in Hook. Jour. Bot. ii, 262. Six 
 inches high ; leaves 2, radical, fleshy orbicular, cordate at the base, 
 obscurely 7-nerved, pressing flat on the ground ; flowers few, 
 distant, greenish-white ; cauline-bracts subulate ; floral ones half 
 the length of the ovary; upper sepal broad-ovate, 3-nerved ; lateral 
 ovate-acute, spreading; petals linear falcate acute; lip 3-divided, 
 all the segments filiform ; lateral longer than the middle one, as- 
 cending, reflexed, spirally twisted at the apex ; spur pendulous, 
 filiform, a little shorter than the ovary. Southern Concan. Syn. 
 H jerdoniana, Wight Ic. 1715; H crassifolia, Richard (?). 
 
 1*2. H RARIFLORA, A. Richard. Leaves oblong lanceolate- 
 
269 
 
 acute, plicate, occupying the lower part of the stem ; stem slender, 
 1 to 2-flowered ; flowers long-peduncled, bracteated ; bracts 
 convolute oval, acute, usually shorter than the peduncle; petals 
 oval, oblong, acuminate, with a longer linear appendage ; lip 
 3-parted ; lateral segments the longest, linear subulate, somewhat 
 spreading ; spur longer than the ovary ; flowers white. Southern 
 Concan. 
 
 13. H CRINIFERA, Lind. 3 to 5 inches high; radical leaves 
 oblong-lanceolate ; raceme few-flowered ; bracts acuminate, about 
 one-third the length of the ovary ; lip 4-times longer than the sepals, 
 unginculate at the base ; limb 4-parted ; lobes dentate, with 
 subulate apices ; flowers white. Near Vingorla, and on trees at 
 the Ram Ghaut. 
 
 17. CCELOGLOSSUM. 
 
 1. C LUTEUM, Dalz. in Hook. Jour. Bot. ii, 263. Leaves few, 
 linear, acuminate, congested near the base ; scape clothed with 
 a few ovate-acuminate scales ; spike very slender, many-flowered ; 
 bracts acuminate, half the length of the ovary ; lip tripartite, callous 
 at the base ; lateral segments filiform, twice the length of the 
 middle, tongue-shaped segment; spur filiform cylindric, as long 
 as the ovary. Near Malwan; flowers yellow, small, appear in 
 August. Syn. Habenaria peristyloides, Wight Ic. 1702. 
 
 18. PLATANTHERA, Richard. 
 
 1. P SUSANNA, Lind. The giant Orchis, 3 to 4 feet high; 
 stem leafy, about 3 flowered ; leaves ovate oblong-acute, upper ones 
 cucullate, acuminate; sepals ovate-obtuse; lateral ones oblique, 
 upper one rhomboid ; petals linear acute; lip 3-parted; lateral lobes 
 truncate pectinate ; middle one linear ; spur double its length ; 
 flowers very large, white. Concans and Ghauts in several places, 
 but nowhere abundant. Syn. Flos. susannaB, Rumph ; Habenaria 
 Susannas, R. Br. ; Orchis gigantea, Smith Exot. Bot. t. 100; 
 Hook. Bot. Mag. 3374; Wight Ic. 920. 
 
 2. P BRACHYPHYLLA, Lind. Leaves 2, radical, fleshy, reni- 
 form-orbicular ; scape clothed with acuminate scales ; bracts ovate- 
 acuminate cuculate, as long as the flowers ; sepals ovate roundish, 
 upper ones obtuse, lateral ones acute ; petals smaller ovate ; lip 
 deeply 3 cleft, shorter than the sepals, 3 times shorter than the 
 clavate spur; ovary beaked ; flowers white ; spur greenish. On the 
 high hills around Jooneer ; flowers in June and July. Wight 
 Ic. 1694. 
 
270 
 
 19. PERISTYLUS, Blume. 
 
 1. P GOODYEROIDES, Lind. Stem 12 to 18 inches high, erect, 
 round, leafy, the upper ones gradually increasing in size; flowers 
 small, white, in a densely-crowded spike, furnished with lanceolate 
 bracts. South Concan ; flowers in the rains. Syn. Habenaria goody- 
 eroides, Spr. syst. iii, p 690 ; Bot. Mag. 3397. 
 
 2. P LAWII, R. Wight Ic. 1695. Stem loosely vaginate at the 
 base, 3 to 4-leaved in the middle, above naked; leaves oblong- 
 lanceolate acute ; scape longer than the leaves, slender ; sepals 
 linear-lanceolate, obtuse, narrower than the petals; lip equalling the 
 sepals, 3-lobed at the apex ; lobes all equal; spur short, bladdery. 
 Belgaum. 
 
 3. P ELATUS, Dalz. in Hook. Jour. Bot. iii, p 344. 1 foot 
 high, as thick as a swan's quill ; stem vaginate at the base, leafy 
 in the middle ; leaves few, spreading, elliptic, lower ones obtuse, 
 amplexicaul, upper longer acute, with a callous mucro, all shorter 
 than the scape, abruptly going off into acuminate scales; upper sepal 
 rounded ; lateral oblong, cucullate at the apex, with a mucro on the 
 back ; petals longer, lip almost entire, rounded, like the petals ; spur 
 spheroidal, scrotifoi m ; bracts lanceolate-acuminate, longer than the 
 flower; spike cylindric, many-flowered; flowers small, crowded; 
 leaves 5 to 7 inches long, 2| to 3 broad. Mai wan; flowers in 
 July. 
 
 20. POGON1A, Juss. 
 
 1. P CARINATA, Lind. Root a subglobular white bulb ; leaf 
 appearing after the flowers, radical, solitary, cordate, smooth, 
 7-nerved ; scape with 1 to 2 sheaths, bearing at the apex a raceme 
 of many flowers ; flowers large, sepals and petals unilateral, linear- 
 lanceolate, pale-green ; lip rhomboid subtrilobate, middle lobe 
 crenate, with purple veins and spots on a pale greenish-yellow 
 ground ; capsule oval, 6-winged. Common in the Concan Jungles. 
 
 2. P FLABELLIFORMIS, Lind. Gen. and Sp. Orch. 415. Leaf 
 somewhat like that of the preceding, but with many folds, like that 
 of the Borassus. We have never seen the flowers, which appear 
 in the rains ; found in the densest and shadiest thickets of the 
 Concan, also near Dharwar. 
 
 21. SPIRANTHES, Lind. 
 
 1. S AUSTRALIS, Lind. Radical and cauline leaves linear or 
 linear-lanceolate, obtuse or acute, sometimes ensiform ; flowers spi- 
 ral, glabrous, or pubescent ; bracts ovate, longer than the ovary ; lip 
 oblong, dilated at the apex, crisp, pubescent above ; flowers white. 
 
271 
 
 Chorla Ghaut. Grows everywhere, from Siberia to New Zealand, 
 and most probably the same as the European species ^Estivalis. 
 
 22. CHE1ROSTYLIS, Blume. 
 
 1. C FLABELLATA, Wight Ic. 1727. Leaves brownish, ovate, 
 3-nerved, acute, reticulately veined ; scape pilose, few- flowered at 
 the apex; lip orbicular, limb-spreading, deeply 2-cleft ; lobes 
 digitately 4 to 5-cleft, claw with 2 callosities at the base ; flowers 
 white ; the leaves are almost transparent, and most beautifully 
 veined. Chorla Ghaut. Syn. Goody era flabellata, Richard in 
 Ann. Soc. Nat. xv, t 12. 
 
 23. MONOCHILUS, Wallich. 
 
 1. M LONGILABRIS, Lind. Gen. and Sp. Orch. p 486. Stem 
 pilose ; leaves ovate, petioled, nerved ; scape furnished with some 
 sheathing scales ; spike secund, few-flowered ; bracts roundish, 
 cucullate, acuminate, membranaceous, as long as the pubescent 
 ovary ; sepals ovate-acute ; petals rounded at the apex, lobes of the 
 lip oblong, coarsely crenate, with 2 involute, subulate callosities ; 
 flowers white. On Chorla Ghaut, along with the preceding. Syn. 
 M affinis, Wight Ic. 1728. 
 
 CXLII. MARANTACE.E. 
 1. PHRYNIUM, Willd. 
 
 1. CAPITATUM, Willd. sp. i, 17. Root tuberous, stem none; 
 leaves radical, long-petioled, oblong-entire, smooth on both sides, 
 6 to 1 8 inches long ; petioles longer than the leaves, slender and 
 round, flower-bearing ; flowers numerous, collected into a pretty 
 large sessile head bursting from the anterior margin of the jointed 
 petioles, of a pale rose-colour. Common in shady jungles in the 
 Concan. 
 
 CXLIII. BURMANNIACE.E. 
 1. BURMANNIA. 
 
 1. TRIFLORA, Roxb. Fl. Ind/ ii, 117. Flowers 1 to 3, in a 
 terminal head ; scape 4 to 6 inches high, filiform quadrangular, with 
 3 to 4 remote stem-clasping pointed bracts ; flowers about three- 
 fourths of an inch in length, of a beautiful purple ; wings of the 
 perianth semi-oval. At the hot-springs near Mahar. No leaves 
 were found on this plant. 
 
272 
 
 CXLIV. MUSACE^E. 
 1. MUSA, Tournef. 
 
 1. ORNATA, Roxb. Fl Ind. i, 666. Root perennial, putting 
 forth a succession of spurious stems, as in the common Plantain ; 
 from 3 to 5 feet high ; leaves linear-oblong, and of a firmer 
 texture than in the cultivated Plantain; spadix erect; spathes 
 deciduous, 3-flowered, lanceolate ; fruit linear-oblong, slightly 
 incurved, obscurely 4 to 5-sided, the size of a man's ringer; 
 seeds many, black, tubercled ; pulp none. The favourite locality 
 of this and the following is on the sides of precipitous crags, almost 
 inaccessible. 
 
 2. SUPERBA, Roxb. loc. cit. p 667. Root bulbous, with an 
 annual spurious short stem ; leaves petioled lanceolate ; spadix ter- 
 minal, simple, drooping; spathes broad-cordate, smooth ferruginous; 
 flowers numerous in each spathe, berry oblong, size of a goose-egg, 
 dry when ripe, and filled with rather large angular black seeds. 
 Ram Ghaut, &c. Has entirely the habit of a Crinum. 
 
 CXLV. ZINZIBERACE^E. 
 1. GLOBBA, Linn. 
 
 1. MARANTINA, Linn., Willd. sp. i, 153. Root tuberous ; stems 
 12 to 18 inches high; leaves bifarious, broad-lanceolate acute, 
 smooth above, villous and whitish underneath, margins waved ; 
 spike terminal, solitary, strobiliform, oblong ; bracts ovate-cordate, 
 with a small bulb in the axil ; flowers slender, bright-yellow, 
 fragrant, tube long and slender. On Wag Donger, in the Warree 
 Country. Syn. G marantinoides, Wight Ic. 
 
 2. ZINZIBER, Gaert. 
 
 1. ZERUMBET, Roscoe in Trans. Linn. Soc. viii, 348. Root 
 tuberous ; stems annual, oblique, 3 to 4 feet high ; leaves bifarious ; 
 broad-lanceolate, entire, smooth-waved ; peduncle solitary, 1 to 2 
 feet hiuh ; spikes oval, compact, obtuse; bracts broad obovate; 
 flowers large, of a pale sulphur-colour. Common about old wells, 
 &c. in the South Concan. 
 
 2. CASSUMUNAR, Roxb. Fl. Ind. i, 49. Root tuberous ; stems 
 erect, round, 3 to 5 feet hiuh ; leaves bifarious, linear-lanceolate, 
 1 to 2 feet long, 3 inches broad; scapes radical, 6 to 12 inches 
 long ; spikes oblong strobiliform, closely imbricated with numerous, 
 obovate acuminate villous bracts ; flowers large, of a pale sulphur- 
 colour. The Concans. 
 
273 
 
 3. NIMMONII, Dalz. ia Hook. Jour. Bot. iv, p 341. Stem 
 glabrous; leaves lanceolate-acuminated, with a very short petiole; 
 green above, pale and covered with fine web below; spike as- 
 cending, short-peduncled, ovate, scarcely rising above the ground ; 
 bracts Hnear-oblong or lanceolate, inner ones bifid ; outer divisions 
 of the corolla yellowish red ; lip 3-lobed, yellow ; middle one ovate, 
 rounded, capsule size of a pigeon's egg. The Concans, common ; 
 flowers in the rains. Syn. Alpinia nimmonii ; Grah. Cat. Bomb. 
 PL p 206; Z panduratum, Roxb. FL Ind. i, p 55 (?). 
 
 4. CERNUUM, Dalz. loc. cit. p 342. Stem glabrous, somewhat 
 curved; leaves narrow-elliptic acuminate, glabrous on both sides; 
 spikes ovate-obtuse, very shortly peduncled, scarcely rising above 
 the ground ; bracts ovate or oblong, inner ones shortly 3-clei't, outer 
 
 divisions of the corolla (?) ; middle lobe of the lip ovate, 
 
 deeply bifid, variegated with white and pink ; lateral lobes yellow 
 and pink. Ram Ghaut. Flowers in July. 
 
 5. MACROSTACHYUM, Dalz. loc. cit. Stem red, pubescent ; 
 leaves lanceolate, acuminate, dark-green above, pale and pubescent 
 beneath; spikes one or two from the root, cylindric-elongated, 
 long-peduncled ; bracts obovate acute ; flowers white; lip 3-lobed ; 
 middle one rounded, emarginate, marked with diverging purple lines; 
 capsule obovate, pubescent, red, size of a sparrow's egg. Ram 
 Ghaut; flowers in July. Syn. Alpinia neesana, Grah. Cat. Bomb. 
 PL No. 1455 ; Kandalla and Mahableshwur, Graham. 
 
 3. HEDYCHIUM. 
 
 1. SCAPOSUM, Nimmo in Grah. Cat. Bomb. PL p 205. 
 Root with small oblong tubers hanging from the fibres ; leaves 
 lanceolate, glabrous, long-acuminated, long-petioled ; scape erect, 
 round, 2 feet high, a little leafy; spike terminal compact, imbricated, 
 many-flowered; flowers in pairs, 3 times longer than the subtend- 
 ing lanceolate bract, pure white ; outer petals oblong reflexed ; inner 
 very large, round cordate ; lip bifid at the apex. Banks of rivulets 
 in the South Concan. Syn. Monolophus scaposus, Dalz. in Hook. 
 Jour. Bot. ii, p 143. 
 
 4. ALPINIA. 
 
 1. ALLUGHAS, Roscoe, in Linn. Trans, viii, 346. Root tuberous ; 
 stem erect, slightly compressed, entirely covered with the sheaths 
 of the leaves ; leaves petioled, oblong, glabrous on both sides, paler 
 beneath ; panicle terminal, bending to one side ; flowers numerous, 
 large, of a beautiful rose-colour; capsule globular, smooth, when ripe 
 black. South Concan, Nimmo. Syn. Hellenia allughas, Linn. sp. 
 PL ed. Willcl. i, 4. 
 35 c 
 
274 
 
 2. GALANGA, Willd. sp. i, 12. Root tuberous, perennial; stems 
 erect, round, smooth, 6 to 7 feet high, leafy in the upper part; leaves 
 lanceolar, smooth on both sides ; margins white and somewhat 
 callous ; panicle terminal, erect, oblong, branched ; flowers greenish- 
 white ; fruit size of a small cherry, obovate, smooth, deep ot&nge- 
 red. The root is the Galanga major of the druggists ; truly wild 
 on Wag Donger, in the Warree Country. Syn. Galanga major, 
 Humph. Amb. v, t. 63. Native name "Koolinjun." 
 
 3. CALCARATA, Roscoe in Linn. Trans, viii, 347. Root stolo- 
 niferous fragrant; stems oblique, smooth, 2 to 4 feet high ; leaves 
 short-petioled, narrow lanceolar, fine-pointed, smooth on both sides ; 
 racemes terminal solitary erect, compound ; flowers numerous, large ; 
 the lip ovate oblong, deeply coloured with purple veins on a yellow 
 ground. Southern Concan (Nimmo), but never seen by us. 
 
 5. COSTUS, Linn. 
 
 1. SPECIOSUS, Smith in Linn. Trans. Soc. i, 240. Stem some- 
 what spiral, round, 3 to 4 feet high ; leaves subsessile, spirally 
 arranged, oblong, cuspidate, softly villous beneath ; bracts obovate, 
 obtuse, scarlet ; flowers very large, white. One of the commonest, as 
 well as handsomest, of the order. Syn. Tjana kua, Rheed. Mai. 
 xi, p 15,/. 8 ; Tsana speciosa, Gmelin. ix ; Herba spiralis hirsuta, 
 Rumph. Amb. vi, p 1 43, t. 64, /. i ; Banksia speciosa, Kcenig ; 
 Hellenia grandiflora, Retz. 
 
 6. CURCUMA, Linn. 
 
 1. ANGUSTIFOLIA, Roxb. Fl. Ind. i, p 31. Root with small, 
 oval tubers hanging to the fibres; leaves petioled, narrow-lanceolar, 
 very acute, smooth on both sides; petioles 6 to 12 inches long; 
 spike radical, crowned with a tuft of oval, purple bracts ; flowers 
 large, longer than the bracts, bright-yellow. Ram Ghaut, spring- 
 ing up at the beginning of the rains. 
 
 2. DECIPIENS, Dalz. in Hook Jour. Bot. ii, p 144. Root with 
 numerous almond-shaped tubers hanging from the fibres ; earlier 
 scapes lateral ; later, central, 6 to 8 inches long ; leaves broadly oval, 
 glabrous, rarely velvetty beneath, long-petioled ; floral bracts 
 saccate, purple; flowers twin, purple, the lip bifid with curled 
 margins. Mai wan ; flowers from June to August. 
 
 3. ZEDOARIA, Roxb. Fl Ind. p 23. Tubers of the root palmate, 
 yellow within; leaves petioled, broad-lanceolar, entire, softly downy 
 underneath ; spike 6 to 12 inches long ; coma of a beautiful rose- 
 colour; flowers yellow; lip obovate entire. The Concuns; flowers 
 in May, when the leaves begin to appear. 
 
275 
 
 4. AM ADA, Roxb". Fl Ind. i, p 33. Tubers palmate, inwardly 
 pale-yellow; leaves long-petioled ; broad, lanceolate, smooth spikes; 
 central about 6 inches high, cylindric, crowned with a tuft of pale 
 rosy abortive bracts ; flowers rather small, yellow. The Concans 
 and Gujarat, Nimmo. 
 
 5. PSEUDO-MONTANA, Grah. in Cat. Bomb. PI. p 210. 
 Tubers of the root round, size of small potatoes, white inside ; 
 leaves, including the petiole, 2 to 3 feet long, tapering at both 
 ends, 6 to 1 8 inches broad ; scape central ; coma of a beautiful dark 
 rose-colour, waved ; flowers yellow, of about equal length ; flowers 
 in September. The Concans. 
 
 6. CAULINA, Graham loc. cit. Root with large oblong tubers, 
 white inside; radical leaves short-petioled, 12 to 20 inches long; 
 scape central, leafy, 3 feet high ; upper leaves on the stem alternate, 
 frequently tinged with a beautiful red ; coma white ; bracts green, 
 large, loose, oval ; flowers yellow, longer than the bracts. Table- 
 land of Mahableshwur. 
 
 CXLVI. AMARYLLIDACE.E. 
 
 1. CRINUM, Linn. 
 
 1. C ROXBURGHII, Dalz. Root bulbous, with a fusiform crown ; 
 stem none ; leaves radical, linear concave, without a keel ; margins 
 smooth, 1 to 3 feet long, three-quarters of an inch broad ; scapes 
 about the length of the leaves, a little compressed, smooth ; spathe 
 2-leaved, with filiform bracts among the flowers ; flowers large, 
 white, subsessile ; corol-tube 4 to 6 inches long ; berry sub- 
 globose. Common on the banks of the Deccan rivers ; flowering 
 in October. Syn. C asiaticum, Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii, p 127 ; non Willd. 
 
 2. C ASIATICUM, Linn. sp. 4 1 9. Caulescent or stemless ; 
 leaves linear-lanceolate, very smooth ; margins entire, striated 
 beneath, 3 to 4 feet long and 5 to 7 inches broad ; scapes axillary, 
 shorter than the leaves, a little compressed ; flowers numerous, 
 12 to 50 in an umbel, white, almost inodorous; berries roundish, 
 the size of a pigeon's egg. The Concans. The leaves are said 
 to be equal as an emetic to the best Ipecacuanha. Syn. C toxica- 
 rium, Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii, 1 34 ; C brevifolium, Roxb. loc. cit ; Bot. 
 Mag. t 1073, 2121, 2231, 2908; Bot. Reg. t. 179. Native name 
 "Nagdaun." 
 
 3. C AUGUSTUM, Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii, 136. Bulb columnar, 
 mostly above ground ; leaves lanceolate, channelled, linearly taper- 
 ing, 3 to 5 feet long, and 3 to 4 inches broad ; scapes lateral, from 
 the axils of the outermost leaves, and nearly as long ; umbels com- 
 posed of 30 to 40 pedicelled flowers, white or rosy, and fragrant ; 
 
276 
 
 tube of corol 2J to 5 inches long. On the banks of the Gutpurba 
 and Mulpurba rivers. Syn. C canaliculatum, Roxb. loc. cit. 
 
 2. PANCRATIUM, Linn. 
 
 1. P PARVUM, Dalz. in Hook. Jour. Bot. ii, p 144. Leaves 
 linear-striated, rather flat, attenuated towards the base ; scape 
 compressed, striated, 3 to 4-flowered ; corol-tube very long and slen- 
 der ; corona half the length of the limb, 1 2-toothed ; flowers white, 
 six inches long ; capsule ovate, 3-lobed ; seeds few in each cell. 
 Concan and Ghaut hills ; flowers in June. Syn. P malabathricum, 
 Herbert Amar. 292 (?). 
 
 CXLVII. HYPOXIDACE.E. 
 1. CURCULIGO, Gaert. 
 
 1. C BREVIFOLIA, Ait. Hort. Kew. Root perennial, somewhat 
 fusiform; leaves sessile or short-petioled, narrow linear lanceolate, 
 sprinkled with long, soft hairs ; scape short ; lower flowers only 
 hermaphrodite; tube long, slender, pubescent; flowers yellow, star- 
 like, just appearing above the ground. Common at the beginning 
 of the rains. 
 
 2. C MALABARICA, Wight Ic. 2043. Leaves long-petioled, 
 linear-lanceolate, tapering at both ends, smooth ; scape racemose, 
 the lower flowers only bisexual, all clothed with long, soft pube- 
 scence ; bracts ovate, tapering from the base, subulate-pointed ; 
 leaves 2 feet long and upwards. On the Ghauts, pretty common ; 
 at Mahableshwur. 
 
 3. C GRAMINIFOLIA, Nimmo in Grah. Cat. p 215. A small 
 species of a very different habit from the others ; leaves very 
 narrow-keeled; flowers solitary, on very long, slender peduncles. 
 Kandalla, Belgaum, Sewnere Fort, and probably all along the 
 Ghauts. 
 
 CXLVIII. TACCACE^E. 
 1. TACCA, Forst. 
 
 1. T PINNATIFIDA, Forst. PL Exs. No. 28; Prod. No. 209. 
 Root tuberous, perennial ; radical leaves petioled, 3-parted, the 
 segments 2 to 3-parted, and finally pinnatifid, with waved margins ; 
 petioles 1 to 3 feet long; scape radical, round, smooth, naked, 
 twice the length of the petioles ; umbel simple, 10-flowered ; flowers 
 long-pedicelled, drooping, greenish, mixed with several long 
 threads. In the Concans, common in the rains. The root yields 
 excellent Arrowroot. 
 
277 
 
 CXLIX. ZOSTERACE.E. 
 1. ZOSTERA, Linn. 
 
 1. Z MARINA, Linn. sp. 1374. A salt-water plant, submersed ; 
 stems slender ; leaves scattered, narrow-linear acute, 5-nerved ; 
 floral leaves shorter, swelled out above the base into a sheathing 
 spathe; stipules united into a sheath, elongated and membranace- 
 ous ; spadix the length of the spathe ; fruit obliquely oblong, acu- 
 minated and beaked at the apex ; seed cylindric oblong. In the 
 Saltpans near Mai wan. 
 
 CL. NAIADACE.E. 
 1. NAJAS, Willd. 
 
 1. N INDICA, Chamisso in Linn, iv, 501. An aquatic, stem 
 round dichotomous ; leaves tern or opposite, elongated, very 
 narrow-linear, remotely denticulate ; sheath dentate, ciliate ; ovaries 
 axillary solitary, sessile ; style bifid. Common in tanks. Syn. 
 Caulinia indica, Willd. in Aet. Acad. Berol. 1798, 89, t. 1, /. 3; 
 Fluvialis indica, Pers. Syn. ii, 530 ; N dichotoma, Iloxb. Fl. 
 Ind. iii, 749(7). 
 
 CLI. HYDROCHARIDACE^E. 
 1. HYDRILLA, Richard. 
 
 1. H VERTICILLATA. An aquatic, with long slender stems; 
 leaves small, verticelled, sessile, oblong serrulate; male flowers 
 minute, axillary sessile ; calyx spathaceous murexed ; perianth 
 3 -leaved ; anthers 3 ; female flowers on a different plant, axillary, 
 solitary ; spathe sessile, tubular ; tube of the perianth filiform 
 elongated, connate, with the ovary ; the limb 6-divided ; ovary 1 
 celled, with 3-parietal placentse. Common in tanks. Syn. Serpi- 
 cula verticillata, Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii, 578. 
 
 2. NECHAMANDRA, Planch. 
 
 1. N ROXBURGHII, PL Ann. Soc. Nat. (ser. iii.) xi, p 79. 
 Aquatic submersed ; leaves alternate, grassy, stem-clasping, acute, 
 many-nerved, minutely serrulated, pellucid ; flowers dioecious ; male 
 spathe ovate, enclosing many flowers, thickly clustered on a conical 
 spadix, and leaving it at the time of flowering ; perianth of 6 
 divisions ; stamens 2 ; female spathe tubular, bifid at the apex ; 
 tube of the perianth attenuated upwards, crowned with the 3-parted 
 limb; stigmas 3 ; ovary ovate-lanceolate, 1 -celled ; ovules parietal. 
 
278 
 
 Common in tanks. Syn. Vallisneria alternifolia, Roxb. Cor. i, 
 165; Wight in Hook. Bot. Misc. ii, 344, t. 12. 
 
 3. OTTELIA, Pers. 
 
 1. INDICA, Planch. An aquatic, with large oblong, cordate- 
 petioled leaves, which generally grow under water ; they are many- 
 nerved and membranous ; petioles 3-sided ; calyx spathaceous, wing- 
 ed ; flowers white. Common in tanks. Syn. Damasonium indicum, 
 Willd. sp. ii, 276; Roxb. Cor. ii, #.185; Bot. Mag. t. 1201. 
 
 CLII. PALMALES. 
 
 1. CARYOTA, Linn. 
 
 1. URENS, Linn. Zeyl. 369. A tall, straight palm ; the stem often 
 60 feet high, marked with annular cicatrices ; leaves terminal, 
 large, bipinnate ; the leaflets cuneate, triangular, obliquely praemorse ; 
 the petioles sheathing at the base ; spadices from between the leaves, 
 long-branched, pendulous; berry roundish, size of a nutmeg, stinging, 
 1 to2-seeded; seeds plano-convex, with horny albumen. Native 
 name " Birly Mhar" ; excellent fishery lines are made from the 
 rachis of the long spadices. Sagnaster major, Rumph. Amb. i, t. 
 14; Schunda pana, Rheed. Mai. i, 15, t. 11. 
 
 2. BORASSUS, Linn. 
 
 1. FLABELLIFORMIS, Linn. Mus. Oiff. 13 ; Fl. Zeyl. 395. The 
 well-known Palmyra tree, one of the tallest of the tribe ; leaves 
 very large, fan-shaped ; petioles serrated and spinous on the 
 margins ; male spadix composed of branched aments, densely scaly ; 
 fruit large, spherical. The outer wood of the stem is black, hard, 
 and tough, and used for spear-handles. Syn. Carim pana, Rheed. 
 Mai. i, t. 9 (the female) ; Am pana, Rheed. Mai. i, t. 10 (male.) 
 
 3. PHOENIX, Linn. 
 
 1. SYLVESTRIS, Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii, 787. The common wild Date 
 tree ; leaves pinnate ; leaflets folded, linear-lanceolate, straight, 
 spinous-pointed. Roxburgh says the leaflets are fascicled, this is 
 surely a mistake ; fruit yellow when ripe, of which no use is made. 
 
 2. ACAULIS, Ham. in Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii, 783. Stemless; leaves 
 radical pinnated ; leaflets folded, ensiform, the lower spinous. 
 Common on the Ghauts. A third species has been brought from 
 the Ghaut jungles to Hewra Garden, where the trees are now 
 6 to 8 feet high. The leaves are much more slender and 
 
279 
 
 delicate than in the two preceding; it does not answer the 
 description of any in Roxburgh's Flora, but comes nearest to 
 P paludosa. 
 
 4. COCOS, Linn. 
 
 1. C NUCIFERA, Linn. Fl. Zeyl. 391. The Cocoanut tree. 
 This invaluable tree is too well known to require description. 
 Tenga, Rheed. Mai. i, t. 1 to 4. 
 
 5. CALAMUS. 
 
 1. C ROTANG, Willd. ii, 202. Stem jointed, climbing to a 
 great extent, enveloped in the thorny sheaths of the leaves ; leaves 
 pinnate, 1 8 to 36 inches long ; leaflets opposite or alternate, sessile, 
 linear-lanceolate, the margins armed with minute bristles. Pretty 
 common in the jungles towards the South. Native name " Bet." 
 This is the common Rattan, from which baskets, &c. are made. 
 
 CLIII. PANDANACE^l. 
 1. PANDANUS, Linn. Fil. 
 
 1. P FURCATUS, Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii, p 744. A large spreading 
 bush, pretty much like the following, but with the large compound 
 fruit of an oblong shape ; drupes cuneate, crowned with an incurv- 
 ed, polished, sharp-forked spine. Rheed. Mai. ii, t. 8. Between 
 Belgaum and the Ram Ghaut. 
 
 2. P ODORATISSIMUS, Linn. Suppl. A large spreading bush, 
 with fusiform roots from the stem and branches ; leaves closely 
 imbricated in 3 spiral rows, long linear-subulate, drooping; margins 
 and back armed with very fine sharp spines ; male and female inflo- 
 rescence on separate bushes ; fruit almost round, 6 to 8 inches in 
 diameter, something like a Pine-apple, and of a rich orange colour. 
 Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii, 738. Native name " Keura." In sandy places 
 near the sea. The Screw Pine. 
 
 CLIV. ERIOCAULACE^E. 
 
 1. ERIOCAULON. 
 
 1. SEXANGULARE, Linn. Zeyl. 49 ; Willd. sp. 1, 485. Stemless ; 
 leaves narrow-linear, subulate, 3-nerved, pellucid; peduncles and 
 sheaths glabrous, the latter half the length of the leaf; peduncles 
 with 5 furrows (6-angled, Linn.) ; heads glabrous, bracts (involucre) 
 
280 
 
 oblong obtuse ; male flowers hexandrous, female trigynous. Syn. 
 E minimum, Lam. Encycl. iii, 275 ; Leucocepbala spatbacea, 
 Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii, 613; leaves 10 to 15 lines long, one-third of a 
 line broad ; peduncles 2| to 3| inches. 
 
 2. QUINQUANGULARE, Linn. Zeyl. 48; Willd. sp. 1, 485. 
 Stemless; leaves grassy, linear, sharp, 7 to 11 -nerved, pellucid, 
 minutely and obscurely strigose ; sheaths shorter than the leaf, and 
 the peduncles glabrous, the latter 5-furro wed. Syn. Leucocephala 
 graminifolia, Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii, 612; Sphacrochloa quinquangularis, 
 Beauv. and Desv. in Ann. Des. Scien. Nat. xiii, 47. 
 
 3. WALLICHIANUM, Mart, in Wall. PL As. rar. iii, 26, t. 249.- 
 Stemless; leaves grassy linear, narrow-acute, many-nerved, sub- 
 pellucid ; peduncles and sheaths glabrous ; peduncles furrowed, 5- 
 angular, twice the length of the leaves; leaves membranous, 8 to 9 
 inches long, 2 to 3 lines broad (half a foot long, half inch broad, 
 Mart.); sheaths lax, membranaceous, 2J to 3 inches long. 
 
 4. ODORATUM, Dalz. in Hook. Jour. Bot. iii, p 280. Stem- 
 less; leaves subulate recurved, 7-nerved, 1 inch long; sheaths as long 
 as the leaf; peduncles several, 5-angular, 6 inches high, twisted, 
 filiform, glabrous ; heads of flowers snow white, 3 lines in diameter ; 
 bracts (involucre) very short, obovate cuneate, scarious ; floral ones 
 rhomb-cuneate, clothed with opaque white hairs at the apex. In 
 stagnant water at Malwan; flowers in September, smells like 
 Chamomile. 
 
 5. CUSPIDATUM, Dalz. loc. cit. Stemless, leaves linear ensiform, 
 very obtuse, cuspidate, 7 to 9-nerved, glabrous 1 J inch long, 
 
 3 lines broad, one-third the length of the sheath ; peduncles 
 9 to 10 inches long, 7-angular, glabrous; heads of flowers white, 
 villous, bracts (involucre) ovate, shorter than the head ; floral 
 bracts obovate-cuneate, incurved and rounded at the apex. Between 
 Vingorla and Malwan. 
 
 6. PYGM^UM, Dalz. loc. cit. Stemless; leaves flat linear 
 acuminate, 7-nerved, twice the length of the sheath, and as long as 
 the peduncles ; sheaths striated, glabrous, acuminate and split at the 
 apex ; peduncles several, 3 to 4-angled, 1 inch high ; bracts 
 (involucre) lanceolate-acuminate, minutely striated, 3 to 4 times 
 longer than the head, spreading. Near Malwan. 
 
 7. RIVULARE, Dalz. loc. cit. p 280. Stem simple elongated, 
 submersed, densely leafy; leaves linear, flat, attenuated into a bristly- 
 pointed acumen, 7-nerved, twice the length of the sheath ; sheaths 
 striated, glabrous, lacerated at the apex; peduncles terete, 10- 
 furrowed, 7 to 18 inches long, twice the length of the leaf; leaves 
 
 4 to 9 inches long, 1 line broad. On sunken stones in the rivulets 
 of the South Concan ; flowers in the rains. 
 
281 
 
 CLV. PISTIACE^E. 
 
 1. LEMNA, Linn. 
 
 1. L TRISULCA, Linn. sp. 1376. Fronds joined crosswise, 
 stipitate, oblong-lanceolate, denticulate near the apex, thin, sub- 
 mersed, flower-bearing, swimming ; rootlets solitary. In stand- 
 ing water. Syn. Lenticula trisulca; Scop. Carn. No. 1 143 ; Stamo- 
 geton, Reich. Consp. 44 ; L cruciata, Hoxb. Fl. Ind. iii, 566. 
 
 2. L GLOBOSA, Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii, 565. Single, globular, root- 
 less, minute, one or two together, each about the size of a grain of 
 sand. Forms a green scum on the surface of stagnant water. 
 
 2. PISTIA. 
 
 1. P STRATIOTES, Linn. Zeyl. 322. An aquatic plant; leaves 
 subrotund, obcordate, rosulate, waved on the margins ; the nerves 
 spreading like a fan, uniting into a truncate arc at the base ; 
 spadices axillary, solitary, seated on a short scape. Rumph. Amb. 
 vi, t. 74, fig. 2; Rheed. Mai. xi, t. 32; Roxb. Cor. t. 268 ; Jacq. 
 Amer. Stirp. t. 148. Common in tanks. 
 
 CLVL CYPERACE^E. 
 1. CYPERUS, Linn. 
 
 1. SQUARROSUS, Linn. Am. Acad. iv, 303. Leaves linear- 
 keeled, glabrous, longer than the culm ; umbel with 3 to 5 rays ; 
 rays very unequal, with many spikes; spikes clustered, 10 to 11- 
 flowered ; involucre very long ; scales sharply keeled, 3-nerved, 
 mucronate ; flowers monandrous ; achenium linear triangular, one- 
 third shorter than the scale. Syn. C madraspatanus, Willd. sp. i, 
 278 ; Pycreus squarrosus, N. ab E. in Linn, ix, 283 (?) ; C squar- 
 rosus, Roxb. Fl. Ind. i, 194. Cum pygmaeo conjungit, a pigmy 
 plant, in the bottoms of dried water-holes, half an inch high. 
 
 2. POLYSTACHYUS, Rottb. Gram. 39, t. 11, f. 1. Culm trian- 
 gular, glabrous, leafy at the base ; leaves shorter than the culm, 
 flat and keeled, generally rough on the margins; umbel, with 
 several rays, for the most part contracted ; rays branched, corymbi- 
 form at the apex, many-spiked, most frequently abbreviated ; invo- 
 lucre 3 to 6-leaved ; spikes fascicled corymbiform, linear- lanceolate 
 compressed, 20 to 22-flowered ; scales ovate-elliptic, keeled, shortly 
 mucronated ; keel 3-nerved and green ; stamens 2. Syn. C. 
 fascicularis, Lam. Illustr. i, 144, .38, /. 2; Pycreus polystachyus 
 and Tetraphyllus, Beauv. ; C paniculatus, Rottb. Gram. 40. Grows 
 all over the world. Roxb. Fl, Ind. i, 193. 
 
 36 c 
 
282 
 
 3. ALOPECUROIDES, Rottb. Gram. 38, t. 8, /. 2. Culm trian- 
 gular, glabrous ; leaves flat, scabrous on the margins ; umbel 
 decompound, with about 9 rays; rays very unequal; umbellets 
 3 to 7-rayed ; partial rays densely covered with spikes on every 
 side, forming elongated cylindrical compound spikes ; involucre 
 3 to 5-leaved (6 to 7, ex Nees) longer than the umbel ; partial 
 involucres 3 to 4-leaved, short; spikes oblong acute compressed, 
 about 1 8-flowered ; scales broad elliptic, mucronate, obsoletely 7- 
 nerved. Nees C alopecuroides (?), Roxb. PL Ind. i, 211; Cum 
 exaltato, Vahl. Enum. ii, 366 ; Subnomine alti distinguit. 
 
 4. COMPRESSUS, Linn. sp. 68. Roxb. Fl. Ind. i, 194. Leaves 
 glabrous, flat, longer than the triangular culm, younger ones serru- 
 lated on the margin ; umbel with 1 to 6 rays ; rays 3 to 6-spiked 
 at the top, very unequal, 1 almost undeveloped ; involucre 3 to 6- 
 leaved, very long; spikes lanceolate and linear, compressed, 24 to 36- 
 flowered ; scales keeled, acute and mucronate, many-nerved, green ; 
 achenium obovate, triquetrous, one-third the length of the scale. 
 Syn. C pectinatus, Roxb. Fl. Ind. i, 190; C coromandelianus, Spr. 
 syst. i, 217 ; C pectiniformis, Schult. Mant. ii, 128. The Deccan. 
 
 5. HASPAN, Linn. sp. 66 ; Roxb. Fl. Ind. i, 210. Culm trique- 
 trous at the base, sometimes sheathed and leafless, sometimes 
 leafy ; leaves linear, flat, glabrous ; umbel decompound, lax ; invo- 
 lucre 2-leaved, generally shorter than the umbel ; spikes in threes, 
 or fascicled and clustered, linear compressed, 18 to 30-flowered, 
 scales somewhat keeled, navicular, 3-nerved ; achenium obovate, 
 rounded-pointed, rough with minute tubercles. Syn. C autum- 
 nalis, Vahl. Enum. ii, 318 ; Scirpus autumnalis, Linn. Mant. 150; 
 C gracilis, Muelenb. Gram. 18; C leptos, Schult. Mant. ii, 105; 
 C camplanatus, Willd. sp. i, 270. 
 
 6. DIFFORMIS, Linn. sp. 67; Roxb. Fl. Ind. i, 195. Culm tri- 
 quetrous; leaves flat, glabrous ; umbels simple or compound, with 
 3 to 11 rays; involucre 2 to 3-leaved, very long; spikes densely 
 clustered into globular heads, linear compressed, 8 to 25-flowered ; 
 scales orbicular reniform, retuse, blunt, 3-nerved as the back; ache- 
 nium obovate elliptic triangular, as long as the scale. 
 
 7. IRIA, Linn. sp. 67; Roxb. Fl. Ind. i, 201. Culm trique- 
 trous, glabrous; leaves flat, flaccid, rough on the margins; umbel 
 with 6 to 8 rays ; involucre very long, 3 to 4-leaved ; rays very 
 unequal, branched and fascicled at the apex ; spikes linear com- 
 pressed, 8 to 20-flowered, flowers distant; scales rounded, obovate 
 emarginate, very shortly mucronate, 5-nerved ; achenium elliptic 
 triangular mucronate, as long as the scale. Syn. C santonici, 
 Rottb. Gram. 41, t. 9,/i ; C panicoides, Lam. Illustr. i, 145. This 
 is the only species in our list with rounded obovate distant scales. 
 The Deccan. 
 
283 
 
 8. TUBEROSUS, Rottb. Gram. 28, t. 7,f. i. Glaucous, root tube- 
 rous, stoloniferous ; culm triangular, glabrous, leafy at the base ; 
 leaves as long as the culm, rigid, flat, with the keel and margin 
 rough; umbel simple, with about 8 rays; rays with 3 to 9 spikes, 
 involucre 3-leaved, very long ; spikes fascicled, linear compressed, 
 18 to 24-flowered; scales ovate-obtuse, 7-nerved ; achenium some- 
 what rounded and elliptic, obsoletely dotted, half the length of 
 the scale. Syn. C stoloniferous, Retz. Obs. iv, 10; C spadiceus,Lam. 
 
 9. ROT CJNDUS, Linn, st/st. Veg. 98 ; Roxb. Fl. Ind. i. Root 
 fibrous, emitting a tuber here and there ; culm triangular, glabrous, 
 leafy below, with a bulbous thickening at the base ; leaves for the 
 most part shorter than. the culm, flat, with rough margins; umbel 
 with 3 to 8 rays; rays sometimes simple, 3 to 10-spiked at the 
 apex, sometimes trifid at the apex, with many spikes ; involucre 2 
 to 3-leaved, longer than the umbel; spikes linear-compressed, 10 to 
 50-flowered ; scales ovate, blunt or shortly mucronate, 7-nerved. 
 Syn. C hexastachyos, Rottb. Gram. 28, t. 14, /. 2; N. ab E in 
 Wight Bot. of Ind. 81 (exclude C tuberoso, Rottb., Willd., and 
 Roxb.); C bulbosus, N. ab E. in Wight Bot. Ind. 80 ; C jemenicus 
 Roxb. Fl. Ind. i, 191 ; C procerus, var. Bengalensis, Roxb. Fl. Ind. 
 i, 203. The tubers are the Motha or Moostaka of native druggists, 
 and are fragrant when burned. 
 
 10. DISTANS, Linn. Suppl. 103. Culm triangular, glabrous, 
 leafy at the base ; leaves as long as the culm, flat, rough on the 
 margin; umbel decompound; umbellets with many rays; partial 
 rays 2 to 3 leaves ; branches with 5 spikes ; involucre 5 to 8-leaved, 
 very long; spikes filiform, roundish, 9 to 14-flowered; scales 
 obovate elliptic, rounded at the apex. 
 
 11. PUNCTICULATUS, Vahl. Enum. ii, 348. Culm triangular, 
 glabrous ; leaves rigid, flat, and keeled, the margin and keel rather 
 rough ; umbel decompound, with about 8 rays, large diffuse; rays 
 3 to 5-divided ; branches with many spikes ; spikes broadly linear, 
 20 to 26-flowered ; involucre 3-leaved (4 to 5-leaved, Roxb.), very 
 long; scales rounded-elliptic; stamens 2 ; style bifid ; achenium, 
 obliquely somewhat obcordate, compressed on the sides, half shorter 
 than the scale. C inundatus, Roxb. Fl. Ind. i, 201 ; C procerus, 
 Roxb. loc. cit. 203. 
 
 12. C CAPILLARIS, Koenig in Roxb. Fl. Ind. i, 198. Root 
 fibrous ; culms trigonal, erect, filiform ; leaves filiform, as long as 
 or shorter than the culm ; involucre 3-leaved, filiform; umbel small, 
 composed generally of one sessile spikelet, and two pedicelled 
 ones; spikelets linear, many-flowered, diandrous; scales membra- 
 naceous; obtuse, seed compressed, dark-coloured. The Deccan. 
 
 13. CATER, Vahl. Enum. Culm triangular, smooth ; leaves 
 linear-lanceolate, smooth on the margin ; umbel with about six rays ; 
 
284 
 
 rays unequal, with 4 to 15 spikelets at the apex, the longer ones 
 3-divided ; involucre 3 to 4-leaved, longer than the umbel ; spikelets 
 spicato-fascicled, oblong-lanceolate acute, compressed, shining and 
 almost black ; scales ovate-elliptic, obtuse. Syn. C pumilus, llottb. 
 Gram. t. 9, /. 4. The Deccan. 
 
 14. C ARENARIUS, Retz. Stem long descending (into the 
 sand), covered with the brown fibrous remains of withered sheaths ; 
 branches solitary, lateral, their bases covered with many-nerved 
 mucronate sheaths ; culms (above) round, short, smooth, with 3 to 
 4 glaucous, retro-curved, canaliculate mucronate leaves, much 
 longer than the culm ; sheaths a delicate white membrane, uniting 
 the margins of the leaf, and truncate at the apex; spiculse \'2 to 15 
 in a dense head, ovate-obtuse, subtended by bracts, of which the 
 2 lower are long and leafy ; seed obovate, smooth, trigonal. In 
 sand on the sea-shore; scales ovate, mucronate, membranous, with 
 reddish brown striae ; styles 3, long and pointed. 
 
 15. C BULBOSUS, Vahl. Root with a little oval-pointed, brown 
 bulb ; culm filiform, obtusely triangular, shorter than the leaves ; 
 leaves 3 to 4, with long sheaths, very narrow, coming to a long 
 slender fine point, channeled on the inner surface, convex on the 
 other ; spiculee 2 to 3 lines long, about 6, reddish-brown, alternate, 
 solitary or twin, linear lanceolate, composed of about 7 scales, the 
 2 lowermost spiculae subtended by leafy bracts, of which the 
 lowermost is very long, 1 to 3 inches, and like the leaves ; stamens 
 3, long linear ; scales ovate, with a little mucro. Sandy soil near 
 the sea. 
 
 16. C TENUIFLORUS, Rottb. Gram. t. ]4,fig. 1. Root creep- 
 ing ; culms acutely triangular, 2 feet high, smooth, leafy below ; 
 leaves flat, nerved, roughish on the margins, shorter than the 
 culm ; involucre about 4-leaved, longer than the compound 
 umbel ; rays about 7, branched in a brachiate manner above ; 
 spikelets 2 to 8 between, spiked and fascicled, narrow-linear com- 
 pressed, of a rich chesnut colour, 16 to 24-flowered ; scales ovate 
 obtuse, 7 to 9-nerved, with the keel green ; style very long ; seed 
 oval, 3-cornered, smooth. Syn. C incurvatus, Roxb. Fl. Ind. i, 
 200. The Deccan. 
 
 17. C UMBELLATUS, Roxb. Fl. Ind. i, 208. Root fibrous ; 
 culms erect, 4 to 6 feet high, smooth, bluntly angled, leafy at the 
 base ; leaves elongated, one as long as the culm ; involucre 3 to 6- 
 leaved ; leaflets unequal, the largest 2 to 3 feet long ; umbel 
 decompound, with many unequal rays ; spikelets numerous spiked, 
 alternate, 3 to 4-flowered ; seed elliptic, triangular, smooth. The 
 Deccan. 
 
 18. C FLAVIDUS, Retz. Obs. v, 13. Root fibrous, of a dark- 
 purple colour; culm triangular, erect, 6 to 8 inches high, naked, 
 
285 
 
 smooth ; leaves radical for the most part, longer than the culm, 
 very shortly sheathing the base of the culm ; involucre 2-leaved, 
 shorter than the umbel, which is compound or decompound ; 
 umbels globose, 1 to 2 sessile, 2 to 8 unequally peduncled ; peduncle 
 very long ; spikelets crowded, lanceolate monandrous, chesnut- 
 coloured; seed obcordate, triangular, roughish, short. The Deccan. 
 Easily recognised by its yellow hue. 
 
 2. ELEOCHARIS, Brown. 
 
 1. E CAPITATA, Br. Prod. 225. Three inches high, root 
 fibrous ; culms cespitose, capillary, sulcate, sheathing at the base, 
 leafless ; spike solitary, erect, ovato-subglobose, obtuse, without 
 bracts; scales elliptic rounded at the apex, convex, I -nerved, of 
 a pale-straw colour, ferruginous above ; style deeply bifid ; seed 
 obovate, thickly lenticular, smooth, shining, terminated by a small 
 tubercle. Swampy places in the Deccan ; a native also of the West 
 Indies, Mexico, Mauritius, and New Holland. Syn. Scirpus capi- 
 tatus, Willd. Eleogenus capitatus, Nees in Wight Contr. 112. 
 
 3. MARISCUS, Vahl. 
 
 1. UMBELLATUS, Vahl. Enum. ii, 376. Culm triangular, gla- 
 brous ; leaves longer than the culm, membranaceous, margins and 
 keel hispid and rough; spikes compound, 11 to 16, unequally 
 peduncled and sessile, umbelled ; involucre many-leaved, very 
 long) Syn. Scirpus cyperoides, Linn. Mant. 181 ; Kyllingia 
 umbellata, Linn. Suppl. 105. 
 
 4. COURT01SIA, N. ab E. 
 
 1. CYPEROIDES, N. ab E. in Edin. Phil. Jour. 1834, No. 34. 
 Culm slender, triangular, striated, glabrous, leafy at the base; 
 leaves elongated, linear, flat, membranaceous, scabrous on the 
 margin ; umbel compound, with many rays ; heads subglobose, 
 with many spikes; involucre very long, about 4-leaved ; scales 
 ferruginous, mucronate. Syn. Kyllingia cyperoides, Roxb. Fl. 
 Ind. i, 187; IVIariscus cyperoides, Dictr. sp. ii, 348; Cyperus 
 glomeratus, Klein. 
 
 5. KYLLINGIA, Rottl. 
 
 1. MONOCEPHALA, Linn. Suppl. 104. Creeping; culm erect 
 triangular, leafy at the base ; leaves membranaceous, flat towards 
 the apex, ciliated with minute bristles on the margin and keel ; 
 head solitary, globose, dense ; involucre 3 to 4-leaved, very long ; 
 
286 
 
 spikes 1 -flowered. Syn, Schcenus coloratus, Linn. sp. i, 64; 
 Theyocephalon nemorale, Forst. Gen. 65 ; Scirpus cephalotes, 
 Jacq. Vind. i, 42, t. 97 ; K triceps, Hort. Upsal. in Herb. 
 
 6. ABILDGAARDIA, Vahl. 
 
 1. MONOSTACHYA, Vahl. Enum. ii, 296. Cespitose ; culms 
 filiform, glabrous, leafy at the base ; leaves shorter than the culm, 
 linear filiform, acute, convex on the outside ; spike suberect, solitary, 
 ovate-acute, compressed ; scales keeled, mucronate. Syn. Cyperus 
 monostachyus, Linn. Mant. 180; A rottboelliana, N. ab E. in 
 Wight. Bot. 95 ; Scirpus schcenoides, Koenig in Roxb. Fl. Ind. 
 i, 223. 
 
 7. LIPOCARPHA, Brown. 
 
 1. ARGENTEA, Brum. Congo. 40. Culms trigonal, leafy at the 
 base ; leaves shorter than the culm, rigid, keeled, glabrous ; spikes 
 3 to 7, capitate, aggregate, ovate-obtuse ; involucre 2 to 4-leaved, 
 very long; scales spathulate, 5-nerved, whitish ; stamen 1. Syn. 
 Hypselyptum argenteum, Vahl. Enum. ii, 283 ; Scirpus senegal- 
 ensis, Lam. Illust. i, 140 ; Hypolytrum senegalense, Rich, in Pers. 
 Syn. i, 70 ; Tunga laevigata, Roxb. Fl. Ind. i, 188; Lipocarpha 
 kevigata, N. ab E. in Wight Bot. 92. 
 
 8. ISOLEP1S. 
 
 1 . SQUARROSA, Roem. and Schult. syst. ii, 1 1 1 . Culms filiform, 
 3-cornered, glabrous ; leaves shorter than the culm, thin like hair, 
 glabrous ; spikes in threes, sessile, oblong-obtuse ; involucre 2- 
 leaved, very long ; scales convex, obovate cuneate, about 5-nerved, 
 Scirpus squarrosus, Linn. Mant. 181 ; Roxb. Fl. Ind. i, 224. 
 
 2. ARTICULATA, N. ab E. in Wight Bot. Ind. 108. Culms 
 roundish, sheathed, leafless ; spikes many, capitate, clustered, 
 ovate-oblong; involucre 1 -leaved, continuing the culm and much 
 longer, round, fistulous, articulated with transverse partitions ; scales 
 ovate acute. Scirpus articulatus, Linn. sp. i, 70 ; Roxb. Fl. Ind. 
 i, 217; S fistulosus, Forsk. Descr. 14; Rheed. Mai. xii, 71. 
 
 9. FUIRENA, Rottl. 
 
 1. F CUSPIDATA. Root perennial, stoloniferous ; culms leafy, 
 with the sheaths sharply triangular ; mouths of the sheaths mem- 
 branous ; leaves about twice the length of the sheaths, spreading, 
 rigid, linear-subulate, keeled ; spikelets about 8, solitary or in twos 
 or threes, ovoid, oblong, on pedicels of different lengths ; general 
 involucre of one rigid ciliated leaf, I to 1 h inch long ; partial invo- 
 
287 
 
 lucres shorter than the umbel; spikelets of a greenish-colour, all 
 puberulous ; glumes with blood-red streaks with transmitted light. 
 Watery places in the Deccan. Syn. Scirpus cuspidatus, Roth. nov. 
 sp. p 31, who has described it well, though he did not see the 
 minute setulse between the filaments. 
 
 10. FIMBRISTYLIS, Vahl. 
 
 1. MILIACEA, Vahl. Erium. ii, 287. Culms cespitose, com- 
 pressed, quadragonal, leafy at the base, glabrous ; leaves distichous, 
 narrow-linear ensiform ; sheaths compressed ; umbel irregularly 
 supra-decompound, with 3 to 4 rays ; involucre and involucels 
 2-leaved, short, subulate ; spikes subglobose, central ones sessile ; 
 scales broadly ovate, rounded and blunt at the apex. Syn. Scirpus 
 miliaceus, Linn. sp. i, 75 ; Isolepis miliacea, Presl. ; Trichelostylis 
 miliacea, Nees in Wight. Bot. 103; Scirpus tetragonus, Poir. ; 
 Roxb. Fl. Ind. i, 232, with many others. 
 
 2. QUINQUANGULARIS, Kunth. Culms cespitose, 5-angled, 
 glabrous, leafy at the base, sometimes leafless ; leaves linear, flat, 
 acute above, scabrous on the margin ; sheaths compressed, disti- 
 chous ; umbel irregularly supra-decompound ; involucre about 5- 
 leaved, setaceous, short; spikes ovate-acute, central ones sessile; 
 scales keeled, broadly ovate mucronulate. Syn. Scirpus quinquan- 
 gularis, Vahl. Enum. ii, 279 ; Roxb. Fl. Ind. i, 233; Trichelostylis 
 quinquangularis, N. ab E. in Wight Bot. 104 ; Scirpus pentagonus, 
 Roxb. Fl. Ind. i, 221 ; Scirpus plantagineus, Roxb. Herb. 
 
 3. F ARGENTEA, Vahl. Enum. ii, 294. Glaucous ; culms cespi- 
 tose, filiform, triangular, glabrous, leafy at the base ; leaves linear 
 filiform, canaliculate, rough on the margin ; spikes several, capitate, 
 clustered, sessile, cylindric, oblong, acute ; involucre 3-leaved, 
 very long ; scales ovate acute, 3-nerved on the back. Syn. Scirpus 
 argenteus, Rottb. Gram. 51, 1. 17, fig. 6; S monander, Rottb. 
 Gram. 50, t. 14, fig. 3 ; S nanus, Poir. Encycl. vi, 759. 
 
 4. F FERRUGINEA, Vahl. Enum. ii, 291. Culm erect, com- 
 pressed, triangular above, smooth ; sheaths pubescent ; leaves short, 
 narrow-linear, roughish on the margins ; umbel simple or compound ; 
 rays very unequal, with 1 to 5 spikelets ; involucre 1 to 2-leaved, 
 shorter than the umbel ; spikelets ovate oblong, acute, the central ones 
 sessile ; scales ovate-elliptic, mucronate under the apex, ferruginous, 
 a little hoary and puberulous above ; stamens 3; style bifid ; seed 
 obovate, umbonate, dark-coloured, shining. Generally about I foot 
 high. Banks of the Deccan streams. This is supposed with good 
 reason to be the Indian form of the Mexican and Bourbon plant, 
 and is synonymous with F arvensis of Vahl. 
 
288 
 
 11. SCIRPUS, Linn. 
 
 1. SUBULATUS, Vahl. Enum. ii, 268. Culm round, 3-cornered 
 at the apex, sheathed ; leafless, glabrous ; umbel irregularly com- 
 pound ; involucre one-leaved, 3-cornered, subulate, as long as the 
 umbel; spikes solitary, ovate-oblong, obtuse. Syn. S pectinatus, 
 Roxb. Fl Ind. i, 220 ; Malacochsete pectinata, N. ab E. in Wight 
 Bot. 110. 
 
 2. GROSSUS, Linn. Suppl. 104. Roxb. Fl. Ind. i, 230. Culm 
 triquetrous, leafy at the base, glabrous ; umbel supra-decompound 
 cymiformed ; involucre about 3-leaved, very long ; spikes solitary, 
 ovate-elliptic obtuse ; scales convex, slightly mucronate. Syn. 
 Hymenocheete grassa, N. ab E. in Wight Bot. Ind. 110. Com- 
 mon on the margins of water-holes ; 2 to 3 feet high. 
 
 3. MARITIMUS, Linn. Fl. Luce. 39. Creeping ; culms trique- 
 trous ; leaves flat, rough on the margin, longer than the culm ; umbel 
 simple, with few rays ; rays very unequal, 1 to many-spiked, some- 
 times capitate contracted ; involucre 3 to 4-leaved, very long ,- spikes 
 ovate- oblong or cylindric ; scales 2-lobed at the apex, mucronate. 
 Scirpus corymbosus, Forsk. Descr. 14; S tridentatus, Roxb. 
 Fl. Ind. i, 229 ; S affinis, Roth. nov. sp. 31. 
 
 4. KYSOOR, Roxb. Fl. Ind. i, 235. Culms 5 to 6 feet high, 
 triangular, hispid ; umbel supra-decompound ; spikes ovate ; seed 
 oblong, triangular ; bristles 5, villous. Allied to S grossus, Roxb. 
 
 12. RHYNCOSPORA, Vahl. 
 
 1. ARTICULATA, Schult. Mant. ii, 49. Spikelets subcapitate ; 
 heads fascicled corymbose; corymbs axillary, decompound, terminal, 
 supra-decompound, many-flowered, erect ; bracts setaceous ; leaves 
 broad-linear. Schoenus articulatus, Roxb. Fl. Ind. i, 189; 
 Cephaloschoenus articulatus, N. ab E. in Edin. Phil. Jour. 1834. 
 
 13. SCLERIA, Linn. 
 
 1. LTTIIOSPHERMA, Willd. sp. iv, 316. Glaucous; culms 
 slender, triquetrous, glabrous ; leaves narrow-linear, elongated, 
 scabrous on the margin ; sheaths triquetrous; ligula short, rounded ; 
 peduncles axillary and terminal, simple or branched, few-spiked ; 
 spikes in twos or threes ; male and female intermixed ; achenium 
 stony, ovate elliptic. Syn. Scirpus lithospermus, Linn. sp. ed. i, 51. 
 
 14. CAREX, Linn. 
 
 1. INDICA, Linn. Mant. 574. Spikes subdecompound, sub- 
 pinnated, axillary, lower peduncled ; rachis angular, very rough ; 
 
289 
 
 s pikelets alternate, subdistichous, round, acute, the female at the 
 base ; stigmas 3 ; fruit trigonal ovate, beaked, rough. Mahableshwur. 
 
 15. ERIOPHORUM, Linn. 
 
 I. E COMOSUM, Wall. Cat. 3446. Root fibrous; culms 
 cespitose, erect, 6 to 1 2 inches high, round, trigonal above, smooth ; 
 leaves rigid, narrow, keeled, folded, 3-cornered at the apex, rough 
 on the margin, twice as long as the culm ; involucre very long, 
 about 5-leaved ; corymb supra-decompound, umbellate ; scales 
 ovate-oblong, mucronate, one-nerved, somewhat keeled and convex. 
 In ravines in the Western Deccan, near Joonere ; a native also 
 of Nepal. 
 
 CLVII, GRAMINE^E. 
 
 Section. PHALARIDE^E. 
 1. COIX, Linn. 
 
 1. C LACHRYMA, Linn. sp. 1378. A tall, coarse Grass, grow- 
 ing in watery places ; leaves broad, flat, and glabrous ; culm 
 full of pith, half round above ; spikes fascicled and peduncled at 
 the apex of the branchlets ; flowers monoecious, the male loosely 
 spiked, rising out of an ovate, inflated, coriaceous involucre, open 
 at the apex, and which afterwards becomes bony ; female flowers 
 enclosed within the involucre, which hardens over the subi-lobose 
 seed. These hardened involucres are called Job's tears. JSyn. C 
 arundinacea, Lam. Encycl. iii, 422 ; Lithagrostis lachryma, Jobi. 
 Gaert. Fr. i, 7, t. I,/. 10. 
 
 2. C BARBATA, Roxb. Roots annual ; culms erect, cernuous 
 at the apex, branched, jointed, smooth, sulcated, not piped, 3 to 6 
 feet high, and as thick as a common quill ; leaves sheathing, 2 to 
 3 feet long, narrow, keeled ; margins armed with small prickles, 
 and clothed with numerous stiff, white hairs ; mouths of the sheaths 
 slightly bearded ; spikes numerous, pedicelled, terminal, and from 
 the exterior axils forming a large linear panicle, collected in fasci- 
 cles of from 2 to 6 on a common peduncle ; involucre of one hard, 
 glossy valve, allowing free egress to the n:ale spike, and enclosing 
 the female flower. On the high hills around Jooneer. 
 
 Section. PANICE^E. 
 2. UROCHLOA, Beauv. 
 
 1. U CIMICINA, Kunth. Gram, i, 31 ; and ii, 1. 103. Culms erect 
 or ascending; sheaths with scattered hairs ; leaves lanceolate, from 
 37 c 
 
290 
 
 an ovate base, smooth, ciliated ; spikes in fives, digitate ; spikelets 
 solitary, or in twos or threes ; glumes 3-nerved, the upper one 
 densely ciliated on the margin ; outer palea terminated by an awn. 
 Syn. Panicum cimicinum, Retz. Obs. iii, 9; Milium cimicinum, 
 Linn. Mant. 184. 
 
 2. U PANICOIDES, Beauv. Agrost. 52, t. 11, fig. 1. Culms 
 creeping near the base, the rest erect, smooth, 1 1 foot high ; leaves 
 long, narrow, smooth ; racemes subdigitate, 3 to 8 ; spikelets 
 alternate, in 2 series, unqually pedicelled ; glumes glabrous ; sheaths 
 hairy. Syn. Milium sanguinale, Roxb. Fl. Ind. i, 315; Panicum 
 javanicum, Poir. Encycl. Suppl. iv, 274. 
 
 3. PANICUM, Linn. 
 (Spikes several, racemed. ) 
 
 1. P FLUITANS, Retz. Obs. iii, 8; and v, 13. Culms 2 to 3 
 feet high, creeping at the base ; leaves long and smooth ; mouths of 
 the sheaths bearded and subciliate ; spike compound; partial ones 
 alternate, adpressed ; spikelets bifarious, elliptic; lower glume very 
 short and truncate, upper obovate, rounded, a little shorter than 
 the paleae; lower flower neuter, with 1 valve; seed elliptic acute, 
 minutely wrinkled, 
 
 2. P PROSTRATUM, Lam. Encycl. iv, 745. Culm creeping, 
 branched, 1 to 2 feet long; nodes pubescent; sheaths either glab- 
 rous or ciliated ; leaves lanceolate, from a cordate base, 1 to 2 
 inches long, ciliated at. the base ; racemes 4 to 1 5, crowded, alternate, 
 much longer than the intervals ; spikelets twin and solitary, oval, 
 acute, smooth ; lower glume quarter the length of the flowers ; 
 hermaphrodite floret cuspidate-mucronate, slightly wrinkled. About 
 Surat. Syn. P procumbens, Nees. Agr. Bras. 109; Panicum 
 setigerum, Retz. Obs. iv, 1 5. 
 
 3. P BRIZOIDES, Jacq. Eclog. Gram, i, t. 2. Culms near the 
 base, resting on the ground, above ascending, compressed, smooth ; 
 leaves bifarious, smooth ; mouths of the sheaths bearded ; spikes 
 compound; spikelets bifarious, ovate, ventricose; both glumes 
 ovate; lower one-third shorter than the flower; upper a little 
 shorter than the flower; seed ovate, obtuse, smooth. Near Surat. 
 
 ( Spikes subdigitate, fascicled, or panicled.) 
 
 4. P CILIA RE, Retz. Obs. iv, 16. Spikes 4 to 5 digitate un- 
 divided ; flowers imbricated ; outer valve of the glume very minute, 
 without nerves ; inner one half the length of the flower ; leaves 
 lanceolate, waved, rather hairy ; sheaths smooth. Syn. Digitaria 
 ciliaris, Pers ; Syn. i, 85. 
 
291 
 
 5. P ^EGYPTIACUM, Retz. Obs. iii, 8. Creeping at the base; 
 spikes 4 to 8, corymbose, smooth ; flowers twin, unequally pedi- 
 celled ; accessory value of the calyx minute or wanting, the others 
 unequal, nerved, and ciliated on the margin. Syn. Digitaria 
 aegyptiaca, Willd. Enum. 93. 
 
 6. P CONJUGATUM, Roxb. Fl. Ind. i, 288. Culms branched, 
 Creeping, their extremities suberect; leaves short and rather broad, 
 covered with soft hair ; sheaths large, downy ; spikes 2, terminal, 
 spreading, horizontal ; lower glumes minute, lanceolate ; upper 
 tapering to a fine point, 3-nerved; margins fringed. 
 
 7. P NEPALENSE, Spr. syst. i, 321. Erect, 4 to 5 feet high ; 
 leaves lanceolate plicate, 1 foot long and 2 inches broad ; mouths 
 of the sheaths bearded ; panicle thin ; branches long, simple filiform, 
 remote ; flowers solitary, or twin, or in threes, pedicelled, with a 
 long awn often springing from the pedicel ; florets smooth. On 
 the western side of the Ghauts. A remarkable Grass. Syn. P 
 nervosum, Roxb. Fl. Ind. i, 311. 
 
 4. ISACHNE, Brown. 
 
 1 . I ELEGANS, Dalz. A small, elegant Grass, about 8 inches 
 high ; culms geniculate below ; sheaths ciliate and with the apex 
 bristly ; leaves 2 to 3 inches long, 3 to 4 lines broad, deeply striated, 
 and minutely serrulate on the margin ; flowers panicled ; panicle 
 consisting of slender, alternate, undulating branchlets ; florets 
 solitary, pedicelled, globular; glumes green, with red margins, 
 tuberculated and bristly 2-flowered, both flowers perfect, plano- 
 convex. On the margins of rivulets in the Deccan. Native name 
 " Doonda." 
 
 5. OPLISMENUS, Beauv. 
 
 1. O BURMANNI, Beauv. Agrost. 54. Culms creeping, branch- 
 ed, with their extremities erect ; leaves lanceolate, waved, hairy ; 
 sheaths half the length of the joints, very hairy ; spikes compound, 
 secund, erect ; spikelets 4 to 8, alternate secund, ad pressed ; flowers 
 generally paired, 1 sessile, the other pedicelled ; glumes hairy, with 
 long awns. Generally found under the shade of trees. Syn. 
 Panicum burrnanni, Retz. Obs. iii, 10 ; Orthopogon burmanni, 
 Brpwn Prod, i, 194. 
 
 2. O COLONUS, Humb. and Kunth. nov. Gen. i, 109. Culms 
 below, resting on the ground and rooting, above suberect, branched, 
 a little compressed, smooth ; leaves short, smooth, tapering from 
 the base to a sharp point ; spikes compound, secund, 7 to 9, alter- 
 nate, distant spikelets in 4 series ; glumes scabrous, mucronate, 
 
292 
 
 unequal, 3-nerved. One of the commonest Grasses about culti- 
 vated fields. Syn. Panicum colonum, Linn. sp. 84; P tetrasta- 
 chyon, Forsk. Descr. 19. 
 
 3. O CRUSGALLI, Kunth. Gram, i, 44. A delicate, rather 
 rare species; culms filiform, creeping at the base, above nearly 
 erect; leaves soft, downy; spikes compound, alternate, secund ; 
 flowers imbricated in 2 rows ; glumes and outer palea of the neuter 
 floret hispid, awned, or mucronate. Syn. Panicum crus-corvi, and 
 P crus-galli, Linn. sp. 83, 84. Our specimens were found near Surat. 
 
 4. O STAGNINUS, Kunth. Gram, i, 44. Culms 1 to 4 feet high, 
 ascending; leaves soft and smooth; mouth only of the sheaths 
 ciliate ; spike compound, erect ; partial ones alternate ; spikelets 
 ovate-oblong, tubercled, bristly and ciliate ; lower glume ovate- 
 elliptic, acute; a half shorter than the flower; upper one awned. 
 Syn. Panicum stagninum, Willd. sp. i, 337. Generally found in 
 wet, cultivated ground, and about ditches. 
 
 5. O LANCEOLATUS, Kunth. Gram i, 45. Culms creeping and 
 branched, with their extremities suberect; leaves lanceolate acumi- 
 nate, undulated, about 4 inches long and nearly 1 broad, very 
 unequal-sided; mouths of the sheaths bearded; panicle terminal, 
 naked, consisting of distant-spreading spikes ; florets sessile, soli- 
 tary, subtended by a few long hairs ; lower glume narrow, ending 
 in a long, purple awn ; upper broader, oblong and mucronate. About 
 the foot of the Ghauts, under the shade of trees ; Kineshwur. Syn. 
 Panicum lanceolatum, Retz., and P aristatum, Retz. Obs. iv, 17. 
 
 6. ARUNDINELLA, Raddi. 
 
 1. A TENELLA, Nees (?). Six inches to 1 foot high; culms 
 several, from the same root; sheaths about 1 inch long, ciliate alon^ 
 the margins ; leaves few, 1 to 3 inches long, and 3 to 9 lines broad 
 in the middle, very tender, a little narrowed at the base, and acumi- 
 nate at the apex, sprinkled on both sides with a few slender, stiff 
 hairs ; flowers in a panicle of the most delicate and slender kind ; 
 pedicels long, capillary, solitary or more frequently twin on the 
 branches of the panicle ; spikelets 2-flowered, lower flower barren, 
 the upper fertile ; glumes lanceolate acuminate, unequal, the upper 
 larger, with a long acumen, and minutely bifid at the apex, with 3 
 to 5 green veins clothed with hairs rising from papilli ; paleag of 
 the lower flower membranous, and, like the glumes of the upper 
 flower, much smaller, of a dark-brown colour, membranous, scabrous 
 at the apex, and with 2 tufts of bristly hairs at the base ; the lower 
 paleae bifid at the apex, and furnished with a long, bent awn. One 
 of the commonest Grasses at Mahableshwur, under the shade of the 
 shrubs and trees. 
 
293 
 
 2. A STRICTA, Nees (?). 1 to 3 feet high ; culms rigid, wiry, 
 smooth, round ; nodes elongated ; sheaths smooth, woolly at the 
 apex ; leaves few, 9 to 10 inches long, with a fine point, 2 lines 
 broad, shortly pubescent on the upper side; striated margins, serru- 
 late ; flowers panicled ; branchlets subverticelled ; spikelets solitary, 
 racemed ; the pedicels pubescent ; florets pale-purple, smooth ; 
 glumes unequal; lower smaller, ovate, acuminate, strongly 3-nerved; 
 upper acuminate, 5-nerved, twice the length ; outer or lower palese 
 of upper flower slightly bifid, with a short, twisted awn, which is 
 not longer than itself. Mahableshwur. 
 
 3. A GIGANTEA, Dalz. Culms erect, round, smooth, 6 feet 
 high, as thick as a goose quill at the base, branched at all the lower 
 joints; nodes much swollen, covered by the tomentose base of the 
 sheaths, which are ciliated along the margins, and about half the 
 length of the joints; leaves H to 2 feet long, attenuated to a fine 
 point, 5 to 6 lines broad in the .middle, scabrous and deeply 
 striated above, sparingly pilose ; panicle very delicate and large ; 
 pedicels solitary or in pairs, very slender, scabrous ; flowers similar ; 
 in all respects to the One named species. At the foot of the 
 Ghauts, Kineshwur. 
 
 4. A SPICATA, Dalz. Culms erect, simple, 1 foot high ; leaves 
 ensiform, and, with the sheaths, clothed with stiff, spreading hairs, 
 1 to 1 1 inches long, 3 lines broad ; spike terminal, cylindric, 
 1 | inch long, densely flowered ; lower glume herbaceo-membranous, 
 with 3 green veins, lanceolate, subulate, a little pilose, 1 line long ; 
 upper long-attenuated and folded, 2| lines long, and concealing 
 within it the awn of the hermaphrodite flower. In this species, 
 the inflorescence is like that of Setaria, and unlike its congeners, 
 but the flowers are exactly similar to all the above species. 
 IVlahableshwur Hills, common. To this genus (Arundinella) belong 
 the Holcus nervosus and Ciliatus of Roxb. Fl. Ind.; also the 
 Acratherum miliaceum of Link., and probably the Loudetia of 
 Hochsteller. We are inclined to place the genus in the Section 
 Andropogoneae. 
 
 7. SETARIA, Beauv. 
 
 1. S GLATJCA, Beauv. Agrost. 51. Culms erect, ramous, 
 smooth, a little compressed, 1 to 3 feet high ; leaves sheathing, 
 nearly bifarious, smooth ; mouths of the sheaths hairy ; spikes 
 terminal, solitary, cylindric, 2 to 6 inches long ; involucels from 
 below each floret consisting of a bundle of hairy bristles, which is 
 shortly pedicelled ; glumes smooth ; hermaphrodite flower trans- 
 versely undulated ; male with 2 paleae. Syn. Panicum glaucum, 
 Linn. sp. 83; Pennisetum glaucum, Br. Prod, i, 195. A variety 
 
294 
 
 of this, with the involucels of a reddish colour, and the fertile 
 floret transversely and deeply wrinkled and shining, is one of the 
 commonest Grasses on the table-land of Mahableshwur, where it 
 is called " Kolara." 
 
 2. S VERTICILLATA, Beauv. Agrost. 51. Calms below resting 
 on the ground and striking root, above weak, leaning to one side, 
 smooth ; leaves sheathing, linear-lanceolate, a little downy, margins 
 hispid ; mouths of the sheaths hairy ; spikes cylindric, compound 
 subverticelled ; bristles of the involucels reversely hispid ; herma- 
 phrodite florets rather smooth. Syn. Panicum verticillatum, Linn, 
 sp. 82; Pennisetum verticillatum, Br. Prod, i, 195. Generally 
 found about rubbish heaps. 
 
 8. PENNISETUM, Beauv. 
 
 1. P AUREUM, Link. Hort. i, 215. Culm 2 feet high, and with 
 the basis of the leaves much compressed ; leaves much longer 
 than the culm, the margins at the base ciliated ; spike 2 to 3 inches 
 long, imbricated on all sides; bristles of the involucre rough, 
 elongated, rigid, of a yellowish colour. This plant, though com- 
 mon all over the Deccan, is almost unknown to botanists. Native 
 name " Mooltom." 
 
 9. CENCHRUS, Linn. 
 
 1. C RAMOSISSIMUS, Poir. Encycl. Suppl. v, 51. Root fibrous 
 and bulbous ; culm branched above, subscandent, smooth, round ; 
 leaves flat, narrow, acuminated to a very fine point, rough on the 
 inner surface, a little hairy ; spikes terminal, solitary on the sub- 
 corymbose branches of the culm, cylmdric-oblong, 2 inches in 
 length ; spikelets 2 to 4 in each involucre, ovate, acute, sessile, 2- 
 flowered ; involucre hard, coriaceous, 10 to 12-divided; divisions 
 rigid, lanceolate-acute, unequal, smooth, but bearded at the base, 
 on the inside as long as the spikelets. A weak Grass, growing in 
 hedges in Gujarat; a native also of Egypt. 
 
 2. C BIFLORUS, Roxb. Fl. Ind. i, 2o3. Culms branched from 
 the base, spreading, 1 to 1 \ foot long ; leaves elongated, slender, 
 roughish ; mouths of the sheaths a little hairy ; spikes terminal, 
 solitary, cylindric, 3 to 4 inches long, involucres with only 2 spike- 
 lets, the segments subulate, hooked, hairy within, barbed and pun- 
 gent. Sandy sea-shores, Domus, Gogo, &c. One of the most 
 troublesome of Grasses. The hooked and bristly involucres fall off 
 in the autumn at the least touch, stick to ones clothes like burs, 
 and occasion a painful itching. 
 
295 
 
 10. LAPPAGO, Schreber. 
 
 1. L ALIENA, Spr., IN. Ent. ii, 15. Culms pressing on the earth, 
 and striking roots from the joints, 6 to 12 inches long, branched; 
 leaves short, margins ciliate and waved, glaucous ; mouths of the 
 sheaths bearded ; racemes terminal, simple, 1 to 2 inches lone: ; 
 pedicels short, diverging, 2-flowered ; flowers lanceolate, echinated 
 on the back or outside, diverging on all sides round the rachis, 
 the prickles pointing in 5 different directions. Syn. Lappago 
 biflora, Roxb. Fl. Ind. i, 281. This we have found in Sind, but 
 have looked for it in vain at Domus, the locality indicated in 
 Graham's list. 
 
 Section. STIPACEJE. 
 11. ARISTIDA, Linn. 
 
 1. A SETACEA, Retz. Obs. iv, p 22. Rhizome thick; culms 
 erect, firm, 2 feet high, generally branched, tumid at the nodes ; 
 sheaths smooth ; leaves filiform convolute, flaccid, 3 to 6 inches 
 long ; panicle rather dense, of a straw-colour, linear, contracted ; 
 branches of the panicle solitary, or several together; glumes 
 unequal, upper bidentate at the apex, nmcronate, longer than 
 the subulate inferior one ; awns of the flower 12 to 16 lines 
 long, spreading. On dry hills. Used for making tatties ; cattle 
 do not eat it. 
 
 2. A HYSTRIX, Linn. Fil. Root creeping, stoloniferous, branch- 
 ed ; culms diffuse, ascending, 10 to 20 inches long ; sheaths smooth, 
 striated, bearded in the mouth ; leaves rather glaucous, spreading 
 in 2 ways, 1 1 to 4 inches long ; convolute, smooth, roughish above ; 
 panicle rigid, divisions spreading, angular, bearded at the axils ; 
 flowers us in the preceding. Found along with the former. 
 
 3. A DEPRESSA, Retz. Obs. iv, p 22. Culm 9 to 18 inches, 
 ascending or procumbent; leaves rather glaucous; rays of the 
 dense panicle rather contracted and nodding ; flowers as in the 
 genus. One of the most troublesome of all the Grasses; the ripe 
 flowers, which fall off easily, are like barbed arrows. 
 
 Section. AGROSTIDE^J. 
 12. SPOROBOLUS, Brown. 
 
 1. S ORIENTALIS, Kunth. Culms branched, creeping, with 
 4 to 8 inches of the extremity erect, smooth, filiform, and very firm ; 
 leaves very small and smooth ; panicle erect, linear; ramifications 
 adpressed, 1 to 2 inches long; outer glume snorter than the palese. 
 A small, rigid Grass, growing on stiff pasture-land. Syn. Agrostis 
 
296 
 
 tenacissima, Linn. Suppl. 197; A elongata, Roth. nov. sp. 41; 
 Agrostis orientalis, Nees. 
 
 2. S DIANDER, Beauv. Agrost. 26. Smooth ; culms erect, 1 
 to 3 feet high ; panicle linear, its branches short, expanding ; flowers 
 twin, diandrous ; paleae nearly double the length of the glumes ; 
 seed naked, obovate, wrinkled. Syn. Agrostis diandra, Retz. Obs. 
 v, 19; Vilfa diandra, Trinius. In moist pasture-ground, common. 
 
 3. S COROMANDELIANUS, Kunth. Gram, ii, t. 126. Culms 4 to 
 8 inches high ; panicle verticelled ; branches simple, secund ; inner 
 glume as long as the paleee, exterior one minute. Syn. Agrostis 
 coromandeliana, Retz. Obs. iv, 19; Vilfa coromandeliana, Beauv. 
 Agrost. 16. 
 
 13. PEROTIS, Aiton. 
 
 1. P LATIFOLIA, Ait. Kew. i, 85. Root thin and fibrous; 
 culm ascending, 8 to 10 inches long, branched below, slender, 
 with the nodes and sheaths smooth ; leaves acute, linear-oblong, 
 short ; margins waved and hispid ; racemes terminal, erect, cylin- 
 drical, lead-coloured, about 3 inches long ; spikelets linear-lanceo- 
 late, very shortly pedicelled ; glumes hairy, terminating in a 
 scabrous awn. Not very common. Our specimens are from 
 Domus. Syn. Agrostis spicaeformis, Linn. Fil. 
 
 Section. CHLORIDES. 
 
 14. CHLORIS, Swartz. 
 
 1. C BARBATA, Swartz Fl. Ind. Occ. i, 200. Culm about 1 
 foot high, compressed, branched ; leaves acute, a little hairy above ; 
 spikes digitate, 4 to 12; spikelets sessile, imbricated, hermaphrodite; 
 corolla ciliate, awned ; neuter of 2 awned valves. One of the 
 commonest Grasses. Syn. Andropogon barbatum, Linn. Mant. 
 302 ; C caribsea, Spr. syst. i, 295. 
 
 2. C TENELLA, Roxb. Fl. Ind. i, 329. Culms delicate, erect, 
 smooth, about 1 foot high ; leaves large in proportion to the plant, 
 smooth and soft ; spikes solitary, secund, scarcely 2 inches long ; 
 spikelets alternate, and alternately pointing two ways ; flowers to 
 each calyx 3 to 5, all perfect ; glumes unequal, broad-lanceolate, 
 smooth, acute, permanent. This is a rare Grass, according to 
 Roxburgh, and we have not met with it in more than one place, viz. 
 on the City walls of Surat. 
 
 15. LEPTOCHLOA, Beauv. 
 
 1. L CALYCINA, Kunth. Gram, i, 91. Culms about 2 feet high, 
 much covered with leaves ; leaves thinly sprinkled with hairs ; 
 
297 
 
 panicle linear, erect, 8 to 12 inches long, composed of many 
 sessile, expanding, alternate, secund, short spikes ; spikelets occu- 
 pying the underside of the spike ; calyx 3-flowered ; glumes equal, 
 twice the length of the flowers, each ending in a long, sharp dagger. 
 On the banks of the Taptee, above Surat. The L arabica is 
 common in Sind, where it is called Drub, and is a favourite 
 food of buffaloes. 
 
 16. DACTYLOCTENIUM, Willd. 
 
 1 . D ^EGYPTIACUM. Root fibrous and turfy ; culms ascending ; 
 proliferous, branched, sometimes rooting, 3 to 12 inches long; 
 spikes digitate, short, 2 to 4, scarcely 1 inch long; rachis terminated 
 by a mucro ; spikelets unilateral imbricated, 3 to 5-flowered ; 
 awns of the glumes longer than the spikelet. Syn. Cynosurus 
 segyptiacus, Linn. Common about roadsides. D figarei takes the 
 place of this in Sind. 
 
 17. CYNODON, Richard. 
 
 1 . C DACTYLON, Pers. Syn. i, 85. Root turfy or stoloniferous ; 
 culms creeping, compressed, rooting, branched, and giving rise to 
 new plants ; leaves rather short, rigid, distichous ; spikes very 
 slender, digitate, 2 to 4, linear, smooth. Syn. Panicum dactylon, 
 Linn. sp. 85 ; Digitaria stolonifera, Schrad. The " Doorba" of the 
 Hindoos, sacred to Gunesh. The Huryalee Grass of the Deccan. 
 Found also in all the southern parts of the world. 
 
 18. MELANOCENCHRIS, Nees. 
 
 1. M ROTHIANA, Nees. Ann. Nat. Hist, vii, 221. Culms cespi- 
 tose, filiform, 4 to 5 inches high, the nodes bearded ; leaves short, 
 rigid, folded, convolute at the apex, mucronate ; raceme short, 
 erect; spikelets secund, short; awns dark-coloured. A very 
 common Grass in stony and barren places, both in Concan and 
 Deccan. Syn. Pommereullia monoica, Roth. N. PI. sp. 33. 
 
 Section FESTUCACEJE. 
 19. ERAGROSTIS, Beauv. 
 
 1. E NUTANS, Retz. Obs. iv, 19 (Sub. Poa.)Culm erect, 
 simple, smooth, 3 to 5 feet high ; leaves narrow-elongated, rough ; 
 panicle linear, contracted, 1 to 2 feet high ; rays filiform, solitary, 
 twin or several, approximated, adpressed ; spikelets 8 to 14-flower- 
 ed, pedicelled, smooth; seed oblong. In water-holes in Gujarat. 
 Poa nutans, Roxb. Fl. Ind. i, 335. 
 38 c 
 
298 
 
 2. E CILIATA, Nees. Culms erect, rigid, smooth, 1 to 2 feet 
 high ; leaves pubescent at the mouth of the sheaths : panicle 
 columnar, 2 to 4 inches high, hairy at the insertion of the branches ; 
 spikelets 6 to 12-flowered; exterior valve 3-nerved, cuspidate, with 
 ciliated margins ; seed obovate-globose, smooth, dark-coloured. Poa 
 ciliata, Roxb. Fl. Ind. i, 336. At Domus. The panicle is much 
 more like a spike, and resembles Dactylis lagopodioides. 
 
 3. E CYNOSUROIDES, Retz. Root creeping ; culm stout, reed- 
 like, clothed at the base with withered sheaths ; leaves rigid, flat, 
 or the younger root ones convolute elongated, 4 to 8 inches or a 
 foot long ; raceme compound, close, elongated, the branches 
 scattered, dense racemose ; spikelets sessile, secund, distichous, 
 9 to 50-flowered ; florets lanceolate, ovate, shining. Syn. Poa 
 cynosuroides, Retz. Obs. iv, 20; Briza bipinnata, Linn. 
 
 4. E MULTIFLORA, Trinius in Act. Petropol. vi, i, 401. Culm 
 suberect, round, smooth, 6 to 1 8 inches long ; leaves short ; mouths 
 of the sheaths a little hairy ; panicle much longer than the rest of 
 the plant, oblong ; branches filiform, short, drooping, simple ; 
 spikelets pedicelled, very long, linear, crowded, 50 to 70-flowered, 
 smooth ; glumes obtuse. Near Gogo, on the Kattywar Coast. 
 Syn. Poa multiflora, Roxb. Fl. Ind. i, 338. 
 
 5. E VISCOSA, Trin. loc. cit. Leaves narrow, and with the 
 leaves glabrous ; panicle thyrsiform, contracted, elongated, with the 
 branches very short and compound ; spikelets oblong, very shortly- 
 pedicelled, 6 to 20-flowered, lower valve most frequently ciliated. 
 Syn. Poa riparia, Willd. Malabar Hill. It is covered with a 
 viscid, resinous substance, having a balsamic odour. 
 
 20. UNIOLA, Linn. 
 
 1. U INDICA, Sprengel. Culm decumbent at the base, branch- 
 ed, ascending, 1 to 2 feet hiafh, round and smooth ; leaves glau- 
 cous, rather short ; mouth of the sheaths bearded ; panicle ovate- 
 oblong, half the length of the plant; branches short, simple horizon- 
 tal, fascicled below, solitary above; spikelets long-pedicelled, 16 to 
 20-flowered, with a bluish-purple tinge, ovate. Syn. Poa unio- 
 loides, Roxb. Fl. Ind. i, 339. 
 
 21. DACTYLTS, Linn. 
 
 1. D LAGOPODIOTDES, Linn. Culm ascending; branches sim- 
 ple, short ; leaves short, lanceolate, from a broad base, rigid, 
 convolute and pungent at the apex, glaucous ; spike terminal, ovoid 
 or subrotund, white, dense ; spikelets about 4-flowered. Common 
 
299 
 
 on salt ground, near the sea. Crypsis aculeata takes the place of 
 this Grass in Sind. Syn. D brevifolia, Kcenig; Poa brevifolia, 
 Kunth. Enum. 
 
 Section BAMBUSACEJE. 
 22. BAMBUSA, Schreber. 
 
 1. B STRICTA, Roxb. Cor. PI. i, t. 80. Culms straight, 
 thorny or unarmed ; leaves shortly-petioled, lanceolate, rounded at 
 the base ; branches of the panicle simple and very long ; clusters 
 of spikelets very dense, oval, equidistant, about 1 inch in diameter. 
 This small species grows very straight, and has very little hollow 
 inside, and is the kind used for Boar-spears. Native names " Bas" 
 and " Oodha." 
 
 2. B ARUNDINACEA, Willd sp. ii, 245. Culm thorny ; sheaths 
 downy, setigerous in the mouth ; leaves lanceolate, rounded at the 
 base, scabrous above and on the margins, 12 to 15 inches long, and 
 three-fourths to 2 inches broad ; spikes from all the nodes branched, 
 compound and decompound, regularly clustered ; spikelets sessile, 
 oblong-lanceolate. The culms of this species are about 3 inches in 
 diameter, with the nodes rather near each other. The sheaths, 
 which fall off from the young stem, are 1 foot to 15 inches in 
 length, white, shining, and silvery inside, with a free acuminated 
 apex of 3 to 5 inches. Native name " Mandgay.," 
 
 3. B VULGARIS, Schrad. Culm unarmed, 20 to 50 feet high; 
 branches green, opaque, striated and sulcated, widely piped ; 
 sheaths above hirsute with dark-coloured hairs ; leaves linear 
 lanceolate acute, 6 to 10 inches long, and 9 to 18 inches broad ; 
 spikelets oblong lanceolate, acuminate, compressed, herbaceous, 6 
 to 8-flowered. One of the largest species of Bamboo. Native 
 name " Kulluk" or " Bamboo." 
 
 4. B ARUNDO, Klein. Nees. Linn, ix, 471. Culm thorny; 
 mouths of the sheaths naked ; leaves (floral) ovate-lanceolate, 6 to 7 
 inches long, 4 to 5 lines broad, rounded at the base, shortly- 
 petioled, smooth ; spike terminal, ample, leafy, the branches 
 spreading, simple or compound ; spikelets an inch long, erect, 
 approximated in threes, upper ones alternate, 6 to 8-flowered ; culm 
 8 to 9 feet high. Native name " Chiwaree." On the Ghauts. Of 
 this walking-sticks are sold at Mahableshwur. 
 
 In addition to these, there is one called Mace, found about 
 villages ; the natives say it is not to be found wild. Owing to the 
 little attention that has been paid to them in a living state, 
 particularly in the rainy season, when their characteristics are 
 more easily laid hold on, these are among the most difficult of the 
 
300 
 
 family. The seeds of one species from the Dang are highly valued, 
 and are made into bread ; while the young, tender shoots are eaten 
 as a vegetable. The curious siliceous mineral called Tabasheer, 
 which becomes transparent when soaked in water, is found in the 
 hollows of the joints of several species. 
 
 Section ROTTBCELLIACEJE. 
 
 23. OROPETIUM, Trin. 
 
 1. O THOM^UM, Trin. Fund. 98. Culms erect, compressed, 
 1 inch high ; leaves bifarious, numerous, somewhat setaceous ; 
 spikes terminal, solitary, subulate, distichous, compressed ; flowers 
 in the excavations of the rachis all hermaphrodite. Grows on old 
 walls. Syn. Nardus thomaea, Linn. Suppl. 105; Rottbcellia thomsea, 
 Willd. sp. i. 464 ; R pilosa, Willd. loc. cit. 
 
 24. OPHIURUS, Gaert. 
 
 1. O CORYMBOSUS, Gaert. Carp, iii, 4. A tall, coarse Grass, 
 3 to 5 feet high ; culms erect, round, rigid, leafy at the base ; leaves 
 narrow, 8 to 10 inches long, ciliated at the base ; spikes axillary, 
 somewhat fascicled, filiform, the joints alternately flower-bearing ; 
 flowers in the excavations of the rachis ; exterior glume entire, 
 smooth. Syn. Rottboellia corymbosa, Linn. Suppl. 114; R punctata, 
 Retz. Obs. iii, 12 ; ^Egilops exaltata, Linn. Mant. 575. In pastures 
 in Gujarat and the Deccan. 
 
 25. MANISURUS, Linn. 
 
 1. M GRANULARIS, Swartz Fl. Ind. i, 186. Root fibrous; 
 culm branched, erect, 6 inches to one foot high, with the nodes 
 hairy ; sheaths subinflated, papillose and hairy ; leaves lanceolate, 
 subcordate at the base, ciliated on the margin, 1 to 3 inches long, 
 3 to 5 lines broad ; spikes from the sheaths solitary or several 
 together, unequally peduncled, J to 1 inch long ; glume of the 
 fertile flower very hard, rugose and tubercled. Very common on 
 barren land. Grows also in Africa and the West Indies. 
 
 Section ANDROPOGONEJE. 
 26. ANDROPOGON, Linn. 
 
 1. A CONTORTUS, Linn. Culm erect, branched 1 to 2 feet high, 
 between round and two-edged ; sheaths and nodes smooth ; leaves 
 flat, setaceous, acuminated, rough to the touch; spike solitary, 
 
301 
 
 terminal, cylindric, a little drooping ; rachis smooth below, where 
 it is occupied by male and neuter flowers, above covered with short 
 brown hair ; all the awns twisted together like the strands of a rope. 
 A very common Grass, and almost as troublesome as Aristida 
 setacea. 
 
 2. A POLYSTACHYUS, Roxb. Fl. Ind. i, 261. Culms 4 to 5 
 feet high, straight, branched ; leaves ensiform, straight, acute, ciliate 
 at the base ; spikes simple, many together from the axils of the 
 leaves, each elevated on a long-jointed sheathed peduncle, 1 to 2 
 inches long ; lower part of the spike perfectly smooth, upper part of 
 the rachis clothed with stiff, dark-brown hair ; awns twisted 
 together, as in the preceding. Rather a rare Grass. Our specimens 
 were found on the western side of the Mahableshwur hills. 
 
 3. A TENELLUS, Roxb. Fl. Ind. i, 254. A delicate tall Grass; 
 culm 2 to 3 feet long at the base, resting on the ground, branched, 
 scarcely so thick as a pack thread ; nodes villous ; leaves slender, 
 with a few hairs near the base ; spikes paired, erect, short-pedicelled, 
 outside imbricated with 2 rows of sessile awned, hermaphrodite 
 flowers; inside with rows of pedicelled neuter, awnless ones ; rachis 
 jointed and hairy ; exterior glume oblong, striated, hairy, 3-toothed. 
 Near Surat. 
 
 4. A MOLLICOMUS, Kunth. Gram, i, t. 96. Culm and branches 
 grooved, the apex and upper nodes villous ; leaves linear, flat, 
 roughish; sheaths keeled, smooth ; spikes terminal, digitate, 2 to 4; 
 spikelets in 4 series, clothed with silky hairs ; hermaphrodite 
 florets with long awns ; sterile ones pedicelled and mutic ; rachis 
 and pedicels hairy on one side, awri rough, spirally twisted. This 
 has hitherto been supposed to be confined to the Mauritius and 
 Timor, but it is common in the black-soil around Surat. It grows 
 to the height of 4 to 5 feet. 
 
 5. A SCANDENS, Roxb. Fl. Ind. i, 258. Culms long, branched, 
 creeping or climbing over bushes, emitting long roots from the 
 joints, smooth and deeply grooved on one side, flower-bearing 
 extremities erect, 1 to 2 feet long ; nodes woolly ; leaves sometimes 
 a little hairy on the upper side ; spikes generally from 3 to 6, 
 terminal, short-pedicelled, subpanicled ; flowers in approximate 
 pairs, one hermaphrodite and sessile, the other male and pedi- 
 celled ; glumes lanceolate, hairy. In the Deccan, common. Native 
 name " Marwail" ; sold as fodder. 
 
 6. A IWARANCUSA, Roxb. Root perennial, with the fibres 
 aromatic ; culms erect, generally simple, 2 to 6 feet high, smooth ; 
 leaves elongated, linear ; margins hispid, panicle linear, intercepted, 
 composed of numerous fascicles of slender, pedicelled, thin spikes 
 of 5 joints, each fascicle furnished with its own proper boat-shaped 
 
302 
 
 spathe, and many chaffy bracts. The whole plant is aromatic. It is 
 particularly mentioned by Arrian in his account of Alexander's 
 journey through the Punjaub and Sind, and was gathered by the 
 Phoenician followers of the army in Lus, who called it Spikenard. 
 It is common about Kurrachee, and is used as a scent by the 
 natives. It may be found in the Ahmedabad Zillah, but we "think 
 there must be some mistake as to its having been found in the 
 moist Concan, as stated in Graham's Catalogue. 
 
 7. A NARDOIDES, Nees. Fl. Afr. Austr. 116 Culm erect, 
 simple, tall, 6 feet high, very smooth, and like the preceding, filled 
 with pith ; ligula large, ovate ; leaves from a broad amplexicaul 
 base broadly linear, upwards of a foot in length, and nearly 
 2 inches broad ; margins rough, sheaths smooth ; spikes twin, few- 
 flowered, between fasciculate and panicled, reflexed, forming a 
 supra-decompound narrow, elongated panicle ; rachis and pedicels 
 silvery, strigose ; spikelets smooth. A native of the South of 
 Africa and, strange to say, also of Kandeish, where a valuable 
 aromatic oil, called " Cusha," is manufactured from it. Syn. A 
 calamus aromaticus, Royle ; A pachnodes, Trinius. 
 
 8. A PUMILUS, Roxb. Fl. Ind. Culms branched, smooth, 
 erect, 12 inches high ; leaves rather small, particularly the floral 
 ones, which are almost reduced to sheaths ; panicle composed of 
 numerous axillary and terminal conjugate, hirsute, secund spikes, 
 elevated on slender-jointed peduncles, embraced by many delicate 
 chaffy bracts at the base ; flowers in pairs on the joints of the 
 hairy rachis, one sessile bisexual, the other peduncled and male; 
 glumes of hermaphrodite flower cuspidate. About Surat. 
 
 9. A GLABER, Roxb. Fl. Ind. i, p 267. Root perennial; 
 culms suberect, much-branched, smooth, 3 to 4 feet high ; leaves 
 glossy, smooth ; panicle ovate verticelled, ramifications simple or 
 2 to 3 cleft ; flowers paired, hermaphrodite one sessile and awned, 
 male pedicelled, awnless ; glumes smooth, purple-coloured ; exterior 
 valve pitted on the back. This is one of the common fodder 
 Grasses of the Deccan. Native name " Tambut." 
 
 10. A MURICATUS, Retz. Obs. iii, 95; and v, 20. Culm erect, 
 compressed, 5 to 6 feet high ; nodes smooth ; leaves linear-narrow, 
 sub-bifarious, rigid, elongated ; panicle verticelled ; branches very 
 many, simple, and spreading ; joints of the rachis smooth ; glumes 
 minutely prickly on both sides, subequal, muricated. This is the 
 Grass whose roots are aromatic, particularly when moistened with 
 water, and from which the tatties called " Khuskus" are made. 
 Syn. Anatherum muricatum, Beauv. Agr. t. 22; Andropogon squar- 
 rosus, Linn ; Phalaris zizanioides, Linn. ; Vetiveria odorata, Virey. 
 
303 
 
 11. A ACICULATUS, Retz. Obs. v, 22. Culms erect, rooting 
 at the base, simple or branched, 1 to 2 feet high ; nodes, sheaths, and 
 leaves smooth, the last subradical and abbreviated, 1 to 3 inches long 
 2 to 3 lines broad, lanceolate ; margins rough and prickly; panicle 
 terminal, linear-oblong;, 1 to 3 inches high ; branches sub-verticell- 
 ed, simple, hirsute towards the top with short hairs ; glumes of 
 the hermaphrodite floret subequal, the lower acuminated, upper 
 bifid, dentate, with the awn about twice the length of the floret. 
 The seeds of this species are exceedingly troublesome to those who 
 walk where it grows ; they stick in the stockings, and produce a 
 disagreeable itching. Syn. Raphis trivialis, Lour. Cochin 676; 
 Centrophorum chinense, Trin. Fund. t. 5 ; Chrysopogon aciculatus, 
 Trin. loc. cit. 
 
 12. A VERTICILLATTS, Roxb. Fl. Ind. i, 263. Root woody, 
 perennial ; culms erect, simple, very leafy, round, smooth ; leaves 
 1 8 inches long and f an inch broad ; margins minutely spinous, 
 hairy on the inside near the base ; panicles erect, conical, lax, 8 to 
 10 inches long, composed of many verticelled, simple, filiform, 
 waved, drooping, 3-flowered branches, as in the preceding ; spike- 
 lets surrounded with much brown hair; inner glume of the herma- 
 phrodite floret awned. 
 
 13. A PETIOLATUS, Dalz. Culms erect, 3 feet high, simple 
 below, dichotomously branched above, semiterete, smooth and 
 shining ; sheaths smooth, keeled, ciliated on the margin ; leaves 
 petioled, broad-lanceolate, very thin and tender, sparingly pilose on 
 both sides, bristle-pointed, 6 to 8 inches long, 1 to I inch broad ; 
 petiole 4 inches long, slender, grooved ; inflorescence whitish, 
 panicled ; panicle branched below, above composed of simple 
 alternate spikes, 1 inch in length ; sessile spikelet with the glumes 
 glabrous, the pedicelled one bearded at the base, and covered with 
 long, white hairs, all 7 to 9-nerved ; paleae of both spikelets furnish- 
 ed with an awn, that of the pedicelled spikelet much larger. A 
 remarkable Grass, the existence of a distinct petiole being extreme- 
 ly unusual in Grasses. There is one something resembling this in 
 Nepal, with a petiole IHnch long, but the inflorescence is purple 
 and smooth, and in other respects different. This has been called 
 A petiolaris by Trinius. 
 
 27. APLUDA, Linn. 
 
 1. A ARISTATA, Linn. Culm rooting at the base, ascending, 
 branched, 2 feet high ; nodes and sheaths smooth ; leaves lanceolate- 
 acute at the base, revolute on the margin, and attenuated into a 
 short petiole, 2 to 6 inches long, 1 to 3 lines broad ; panicle 
 contracted ; involucre of the rays ovate ; involucel lanceolate, 
 
304 
 
 bidentate ; hermaphrodite flower ciliated on the back and awned. 
 Common in hedges, climbing and supporting itself on other plants. 
 Grows also in the Isle of France and South Africa. Syn. Andropo- 
 gon glaucus, Retz. Obs. v, 20. 
 
 28. SACCHARUM, Linn. 
 
 1. S SPONTANEUM. Culm, according to soil and situation, 
 1 foot to 12 feet high, smooth, full of pith ; leaves narrow-convolute, 
 much-acuminated to a very fine point, 2 feet long, 2 to 3 lines 
 broad ; panicle elongated, close or spreading; branches semiverticel- 
 late and spiked, joints and pedicels clothed with long, white, silky 
 hairs ; glumes acuminated, half the length of the hairs at the base, 
 the upper one finely fringed ; spikelets 1 -flowered, twin ; one sessile, 
 neuter, the other pedicelled and hermaphrodite ; neuter spikelets 
 without paleee ; palea of hermaphrodite flower fringed, mutic. At 
 Domus, scarcely 2 feet high ; on the banks of the Deccan rivers 
 6 feet. In Sind plentiful, where it is called " Kahn." Makes 
 excellent thatch, and the culms are made into native pens. We 
 know of no other native species. 
 
 29. ANTHISTIRIA, Linn. 
 
 L A CYMBARIA, Roxb. Fl. Ind. p 251. Cespitose ; culms 
 many, erect, 3 to 6 feet high, much-branched, smooth and solid ; 
 joints smooth ; leaves lanceolate-elongated, smooth, 1 foot long, 
 3 lines broad ; panicle thyrsoid, linear, leafy, erect, composed of 
 innumerable bracted fascicles ; bracts boat-shaped, ending in a long 
 subulate point, sometimes coloured, and generally fringed with many 
 long rigid hairs ; flowers 7 in each fascicle, 4 male flowers sur- 
 rounding the base of the common pedicel, sessile. Syn. Andropo- 
 gon cymbarius, Linn. Mant. 303 ; Cymbopogon elegans, Spr. 
 
 2. A CILIATA, Linn. Diss. nov. Gram. Gen. 35. Annual ; 
 culms erect, about 2 feet high, slender, smooth, and often coloured ; 
 leaves few, ensiform, very narrow, broadest at the base, and there 
 more ciliated, particularly the small floral leaves ; panicles some- 
 times drooping, though in general erect and composed of a few 
 rather remote axillary branches ; involucres longer than the flowers, 
 smooth cuspidate ; hermaphrodite florets bearded at the base ; 
 glumes hard, obtuse, a little hairy, changing by age from straw 
 colour to dark-brown ; accessory florets 6, all neuter. This and 
 the preceding are generally found together in the same field ; they 
 form the greater part of the best specimens of Hay in the country. 
 This latter differs scarcely, if at all, from the famous Kangaroo 
 Grass of New Holland. It grows also in South Africa. 
 
305 
 
 30. PSILOSTACHYS, Steudel. 
 
 1 . P FILIFORMIS, Dalz. One span high ; culms several from 
 one root, geniculate below ; nodes slightly bearded ; sheaths smooth, 
 1 inch long ; leaves lanceolate-acuminate, 1 1 inch long, 2 lines 
 broad ; spikes 2 to 3, terminal, 1 inch long, slender, about 8-flower- 
 ed, dark-purple ; florets sessile, alternate on the rachis, which is 
 clothed with closely ad pressed whitish, stiff hairs ; glumes muri- 
 cated above, subequal, acute, hardish in fruit ; anthers 2, purple ; 
 palese much smaller than the glumes, upper one bifid, with a very 
 long awn rising from the base behind, lower mutic, narrow, slender 
 Mahableshwur. Syn. Andropogon filiformis, Roxb. 
 
 31. ISCH^SMUM, Linn. 
 
 1. I PILOSUM, Wight Madr. Jour. Sc. No. 7. Culms 4 to 5 
 feet high, smooth ; leaves glaucous, smooth, 8 to 9 inches long, 3 to 
 4 lines broad ; spikes terminal, fascicled, 3 to 4 together, 4 to 5 
 inches long, white and hairy ; sessile spikelet with the lower flow T er 
 male, and the upper female, pedicelled floret female, all bearded 
 with long, white hairs, upper valve of the female floret awned ; 
 glumes all minutely bifid. A regularly dioecious species. One 
 of the greatest pests to agriculturists who love clean fields, from the 
 difficulty of eradicating it. Common in Deccan, where it is called 
 " Koonda" ; less common in Gujarat; delights in black soil. We 
 are strongly inclined to believe that this will be found identical 
 with the I latifolium, Kunth, a native of the west Indies and Brazil, 
 and also with the Spodiossogon of Siberia, as hinted by Nees. 
 
 2. I RUGOSUM, Willd. sp. iv, 940. Culm erect, branched; 
 leaves lanceolate, smooth ; mouths of the sheaths crowned with a 
 long 2-parted ligula ; spikes terminal, and from the exterior axils 
 paired, erect, 2 to 3 inches long ; rachis jointed ; flowers in pairs, 
 one sessile, the other on a short, thick, angular clubbed pedicel ; 
 exterior glumes rugose and very hard ; inner palea of hermaphro- 
 dite flower with a long-twisted awn, from the middle of its back. 
 Gaert. Fr. iii, t. 181. We have a variety of this with the pedi- 
 celled spikelet having 1 male and 1 female floret, without awns, 
 whereas this has 2 male florets with 1 awn. 
 
 3. I CONJUGATUM, Hoxb. Fl. Ind. i. Culms branched, creep- 
 ing at the base, filiform, 6 to 1 8 inches long ; sheaths smooth ; leaves 
 short, acute, with a cordate base ; spikes on a clavate peduncle, 
 conjugately united ; rachis hairy and articulated ; flowers in pairs, 
 on each spike 4 to 8, one sessile, the other subsessile ; glumes of 
 both spikelets woolly, sessile, floret with an awn. Syn. Andropo- 
 gon cordatifolius, SteudoJ. 
 
 39 c 
 
306 
 
 4. I ARISTATUM, Linn. Culms at the base resting on the 
 ground and there rooting; nodes smooth ; leaves cordate-lanceolate; 
 peduncle long and naked ; spikes twin, 1 inch long, joints and 
 pedicels quite smooth, lower spikelet bitorulose on both sides, 
 upper neuter and mutic. Syn. Andropogon imberbis, Retz. Obs. 
 ri, 35 ; Meoschium aristatum, Beauv. Agr. t. 21, /. 4. 
 
 CLVIII. FILICES. 
 THE FERN TRIBE, Nat. Syst. 312, Cryptogamia. 
 
 ACROSTICHUM, Linn. From akros, highest; stichos, order; 
 referring to the lines on the back of the fronds resembling the first 
 lines of a poetry. 
 
 1. A (?) sp. A small fern 4 or 5 inches high; frond 
 
 simple. Rheed. f. 10, vol. 12, may perhaps be referred to it. 
 
 POLYPODIUM, Linn. From polys, many; pous, a foot; in 
 allusion to the number of roots. 
 
 2. P QUERCIFOLIUM, Spr. syst. 4, p 49 ; P indicum, Rumph. 
 Amb. 6, t. 36; Panna Keleago marano, Rheed. Mai. 12, t. 11 ; 
 Moris. Hist. 3, S. 14, t. 1, /. 15. Kadic-pan, Oak-leaved Polypo- 
 dium. Parasitic on the roots of trees. Nagotna, Salsette, both 
 Concans, S. M. Country, Mr. Law. This remarkable fern has a 
 wide range, specimens were brought from Torres' Straits by Lieu- 
 tenant Kempthorne, I. N. 
 
 3. P TAXIFOLIUM, Spr. syst. 4, p 50 ; Rheed. Mai. 12, t. 12 
 and 13. Both Concans. 
 
 4. P ADNASCENS, Willd. sp. 5, p 145; Niphobolus adnas- 
 cens, Spr. syst.; Maletta mala maravara, Rheed. Mai. 12, t. 29. 
 Parasitic. Concans. 
 
 LOMARIA, W. From loma, an edge; in allusion to the 
 position of the indusia, the membranous coverings. 
 
 5. L SCANDENS, Willd. Spr. 5, p 293 ; Lonchitis volubilis, 
 Rumph. Amb. 6, t. 31 ; Burm. Zeyl. t. 46. Panna valli, Rheed. 
 Mai. 12, t. 35. Scandent, fronds pinnate. The Ghauts and 
 Concans. 
 
 ASPLENIUM, Linn. From a, privative ; splen, the spleen ; 
 thought to be a remedy for diseases of the spleen. 
 
 6. A FALCATUM, Willd. Spr. 5, t. p 325; Nellapanna maravara, 
 Rheed. Mai. 12, t. 18; Burm. Zeyl. t. 43. Concans. 
 
 7. A AMBIGUUM, Willd. Spr. 5, p 343 ; Parapanna maravara, 
 Rheed. Mai. 12, t. 15 ; Rumph. Amb. 6, t. 29; Diplazium malaba- 
 ricum, Spr. Mahableshwur. 
 
307 
 
 8. A RADIATUM. A beautiful small Fern, like a miniature 
 Palm ; found growing in the chinks of old walls and rocks, Deccan 
 (vide Graham, p 254). 
 
 PTERIS, Linn. A general Greek name for the Fern Tribe. 
 
 9. P AQUILINA(?), Willd. Spr. 5, p 402; Moris. Hist. 9, S. 14, 
 t. 4, /. 3 ; Blackwell t. 325. The common Brake, or Bracken. 
 Grows in great abundance at Mahableshwur. 
 
 10. P FARINOSA, Willd. Spr. 5, p 397 ; Vahls. Sym. 3, t. 75. 
 A small fern, fronds white beneath. The banks of the Yeena, 
 Mahableshwur; the ravines at Kandalla. 
 
 BLECHNUM, Linn. Blechnon, Greek name for a fern. 
 
 11. B ORIENTALS, Willd. Spr. 10, p 407. 
 
 ASP1DIUM, Swartz. From aspis, a little buckler, referring 
 to the form of the indusium. 
 
 12. A SPLENDENS, Spr. syst. 4, p 100; Polypodium punctula- 
 tum, Lam. Encycl. 5, p 553 ; Arana panna, Rheed. Mai. 12, t. 3 1 . 
 Grows in moist, shady ravines on the Ghauts. 
 
 13. A PARASITICUM, Willd. Spr. 5, p 246 ; Kariwelli panna 
 maravara, Rheed. Mai. 12, t. 17. Parasitic; fronds pinnate. The 
 Ghauts. 
 
 AD1ANTUM, Linn. From adiantos, dry, referring to the 
 nature of its stems. 
 
 14. A LUNULATUM, Spr. syst. 4, p 110; Pteris lunalata, Vahl. 
 Rheed. Mai. 12, t. 40. The common Indian Maiden Hair. Ap- 
 pears in the rains on old walls, &c. The natives use a decoction 
 of the plant to allay coughs, &c. This is the genus from which 
 the Sirop-de-Capillaire is manufactured. 
 
 CHEILANTHES, Swz. From cheilos, lip ; anthos, flower ; 
 alluding to the form of the indusium. 
 
 15. C TENUIFOLIA, Spr. syst. 4, p 117; Trichomanes tenui- 
 folia; Burm. Rumph. Amb. 6, t. 34, /. 2. 
 
 ALLANTODEA, R. Br. From allantos, a sausage; resem- 
 blance in the form of the indusia, or membranaceous involucre. 
 
 16. A BRUNONIANA, Wall. PI. Asiat. rar. 1, t. 52. Moist 
 places on Mahableshwur. 
 
 SPH^ROPTERIS, Wall. From the spherical form of the 
 indusium inclosing the sori. 
 
 17. S BARBATA, Wall. PI. Asiat. rar. 1 to 48. A fern with 
 scales on the stem ; jungles at Parr. 
 
 OSMUND A, Linn. From Osmunder, a Celtic divinity. 
 
 18. O (?) sp. A very beautiful species, growing common 
 
 in the bed of the Yeena, at M ahableshwur. 
 
 LYGODIUM, Swartz. From lygos, a band, in allusion to the 
 twining habit of the species. 
 
308 
 
 19. L MICROPHYLLUM, Spr. syst. 4, p 28; Hydroglossum 
 scandens, Willd. ; Ugena microphylla, Cav. Icon. 6, t. 595, /. 2 ; 
 Adiantum minus volubile, Rumph. Amb. 6, t. 32, /. 2, 3 ; Tsieru. 
 Valli panna altera, Rheed. Mai. 12, t. 34 ; Bot. Cab. t. 742. Stem 
 flexuous, climbing. Kennery jungles; the Ghauts, &c. 
 
 20. L PINNATIFIDUM, Spr. syst. 4, p 28 ; Hydroglossum pin- 
 natifidum, Willd. ; Warapoli, Kheed. Mai. 12, t. 33. A very beauti- 
 ful scandent fern, with pinnate fronds. The Ghauts and Concans, 
 Mahableshwur, 
 
 21. L FLEXITOSUM, Spr. syst. 4, p 29 ; Hydroglossum flexuo- 
 surn, Willd. ; Valli panna, Rheed. Mai. 12, t. 32. A scandent 
 fern. Kennery Jungles, Salsette, and both Concans. 
 
 GLICHENIA, Sm. In honour of the Baron Von. Gleichen, a 
 German Botanist. 
 
 22. G HERMANNI, Spr. syst. 4, p 26 ; Mertensia dichotoma, 
 Sw. ; Dicranopteris, Bern. Rumph. Amb. 6, t. 38. 
 
 BOTRYCHIUM, Swz. From botrys; a bunch of grapes, 
 alluding to the form of fructification. 
 
 23. B ZEYLANICTJM, Willd. 10, p 61. Ceylon Moon-wort, 
 Rumph. Amb. 6, t. 68, /. 3. 
 
 OPHIOGLOSSUM, Linn. From ophis, a serpent; glossa, a 
 tongue ; alluding to the shape of the leaves. 
 
 24. O MOLUCCANUM, Willd. Spr. 5, p 58; O simplex, Rumph. 
 Amb. 6, t. 68, f. 2 ; Hooker and Grev. p 45. 
 
 25. O PENDULUM, Willd. Spr. 5, p 60; Scolopendria, Rumph. 
 Amb. 6, /. 37, /. 3. Parasitic. 
 
 CLIX. LYCOPODIACE^E. 
 
 THE CLUB-MOSS TRIBE, Lind., Loud. Hort. Brit, p 544. 
 
 LYCOPODIUM, Linn. From lycos, a wolf; pous, a foot; 
 in allusion to the fancied resemblance between the roots and a 
 wolfs foot. 
 
 1. L PHLEGMARIA, Willd. Spr. 5, p 10; Tanopavel patsja ma- 
 ravara; Rheed. Mai. 12, t. 14; Rumph. Amb. 6, t. 41, /. L In- 
 dian Club-moss. Parasitic ; stem dichotomous, pendulous ; leaves 
 quatern. On the Ghauts, S. Concan, Nimmo. 
 
 2. L CERNUUM, Willd. Spr. 5, p 30; Bellanpotsja, Rheed. Mai. 
 12, t. 39; Pluk. Aim. t. 47, f. 9; Burm. Zeyl. t. 66; Moris. Hist. 
 3, S. 15, t. 5 and 9; Rumph. Amb. 6, t. 40, /. 1 .Terrestrial. 
 The Concans, Nimmo. 
 
 3. L CIRCINALE, Willd. Spr. 5, p 32 ; Pluk. t. 100, /. 3 ; Moris. 
 Hist. 3, t. 515, /. 11. -The Concans. 
 
309 
 
 4. L CANALICULATUM, Willd. Spr. 5, p 43; Pluk. Aim. t. 453, 
 /. 8; Dill. Muse. . 65, f. 6. The Concans. 
 
 5. L PLUMOSUM, Willd. Spr. 5, p 45 ; Dill. Muse. t. 66, f. 8. 
 
 6. L DURVILLEJEI, Hooker and Grev. p 26 ; Rumph. Amb. 
 6, t. 39. 
 
 CLX. MARSILEACE.E. 
 
 THE PEPPER-WORT TRIBE, Lind., Loud. Hort. Brit, p 544. 
 
 MARSILEA, Linn. Named after Count Marsigli, Founder of 
 the Academy of Sciences at Bologna. Lam. lllust t. 538 ; Pluk. 
 Aim. t. 401, /. 5. 
 
 1. M QUADRIFOLIA. A small annual plant, having the appear- 
 ance of the Oxalis corniculata. Margins of tanks, &c. 
 
 '2. ISOETES, Linn. Isos, equal; etos, the year; the plant 
 continuing unchanged through the year. 
 
 3. I COROMANDELINA, Linn., Spr. syst. 4, p 9. An aquatic 
 plant, see Ainslie Mat. Ind. 
 
 SALVINIA, Linn. From M. Safvini, a Greek Professor at 
 Florence. 
 
 4. S CUCULLATA, Linn. An aquatic plant, 
 
 CLXI. MUSCI. 
 
 THE MOSS TRIBE, Lind., Loud. Hort. Brit, p 544. 
 
 DICRANUM, Hedw. Dikranos, two-headed or forked, in 
 allusion to the teeth of the capsule. 
 
 1. D BRYOIDES, Sw., Spr, syst. 4, p 163; Hypnum bryoides, 
 Linn. On old walls, associated with Bryum and Hypnum. 
 
 CLXII. FUNGI. 
 THE MUSHROOM TRIBE, Lind. Nat. Syst. p 334. 
 
 AGARICUS, Linn. From agaria, a region of Sarmatia. 
 
 1. A CAMPESTRIS, Linn. Common Mushroom. 
 
 2. A OSTREATUS (?). On the trunks of decayed trees; with 
 several species of leathery Boletus. 
 
 LYCOPERDON, Linn. From lykos, a wolf; perdo, crepito; 
 application not obvious. 
 
 3. L PRATENSE. Puff-ball. 
 
 PEZIZA, Linn. From Pezicce, a tribe of Fungi in Pliny. 
 
 4. P CERINA (?). Small, cup-shaped ; on old flower tubs in 
 garden, &c. 
 
ADDENDA ET CORRIGENDA 
 
 TO No. I. 
 
 MESEMBRYACE.E. 
 
 1. GLINUS, Linn. 
 
 1. LOTOIDES, Linn. sp. 663. A procumbent, diffuse, herbaceous 
 plant, hoary, with short stellate tomentum ; leaves obovate, flat, 
 fascicled, unequal ; pedicels one-flowered, axillary, twice as long as 
 the petiole ; petals 5, deeply cloven. Bombay, common. DC. 
 Prod. 3, 455 ; Spr. sysL ii, 467 ; Syn. G dictamnoides, Lam. 
 Illustr. t. 413, /. 2 ; G dictamnoides, Linn. (?). 
 
 MORINGACE.E. 
 
 1. MORINGA, Burm. 
 
 1. M PTERYGOSPERMA, Gaert, DC. Prod. 2, 478. A small 
 tree ; leaves twice and thrice pinnate ; leaflets small ; flowers white ; 
 seed-vessel triquetrous, long-linear, and pendulous. Syn. M zey- 
 lanica, Pers. Syn.; Guilandina moringa, Vahl. ; Hyperanthera 
 moringa, Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii, p 368. A common tree about villages; 
 yields a large quantity of a bland gum. The seeds of this and other 
 species yield the Ben Oil of watchmakers. The root is the Horse- 
 radish of Anglo-Indians, and the fruit is eaten in curries. Is said 
 to be a good rubefacient. 
 
 2. M CONCANENSIS, Nimmo in Grah. Cat. p 43. A tree some- 
 thing like the last, but distinguished by very much larger and 
 rounder leaflets, and a much more powerful odour of Horse-radish ; 
 flowers yellowish, with pink streaks ; anthers 5, perfect, but only 
 one-celled, 5-abortive, and much smaller. Flowers in November. 
 In the jungles near Penn. We have found it also on the hills in 
 Lus, and it very probably will be found in Arabia. 
 
 DATISCEJE. 
 
 1. TETRAMELES, R. Br. A large dioecious tree, with naked 
 flexuose branches ; leaves coming out after the flowers, rounded- 
 
312 
 
 acute or acuminated, sometimes lobed, coarsely and unequally 
 toothed, smooth above, beneath covered with white tomentum ; 
 spikes in the male panicle erect, female elongated, almost simple, 
 pendular fascicled ; flowers small, very numerous, yellow ; male 
 perianth 4-divided ; stamina 4 ; female perianth 4-toothed ; styles 
 4, opposite the teeth of the calyx, with thick obliquely truncated 
 stigmas ; ovary unilocular, with 4 parietal placentae ; ovules very 
 numerous. A native of Java, and also of the Ghauts in this 
 Presidency. Horsf. PI. Jav. rar. t. 17. 
 
 SALVADORACE.E. 
 
 1. SALVADORA. 
 
 1. S PERSICA, Linn. Willd. sp. i, 695. A middle-sized tree, 
 with rough, whitish bark ; trunk generally very crooked ; branches 
 very numerous, and with the extremities pendulous ; leaves oval or 
 ovate, veinless, rather fleshy, smooth ; panicles terminal, and from 
 the exterior axils; flowers minute, greenish-yellow; berry very 
 small, smooth, red, juicy, has a strong aromatic smell, and tastes 
 much like garden Cresses ; bark of the root remarkably acrid, 
 bruised and applied to the skin it soon raises blisters, and it is used 
 by the natives in this way. This is said to be the Mustard tree of 
 Scripture. Found common near the sea-coast in Gujarat, and in 
 the Hubshee's Country, and is always an indication of a salt soil. 
 
 CXV. LAURACFJE,.p 221. 
 8. ACTINODAPHNE. 
 
 1. A LANCEOLATA. A small tree ; leaves ovate lanceolate or 
 elliptic-lanceolate, long-acuminated, coriaceous, dark-green and 
 shining above, glaucous beneath, with prominent veins ; young- 
 shoots, before expansion, concealed under a strobilus of bracts, 
 which are larger upwards ; young leaves all silky and tomentose, 
 verticellate in 2 series, 3 and 3 ; flowers from out of a lateral bud, 
 with very short, broad-cordate, fringed scales ; raceme abbreviated, 
 all tawny and silky, with reddish brown hairs ; bracts to each 
 flower large obovate, concave, sessile, caducous ; flowers 8 together ; 
 perianth of 6 oval or ovate, tomentose leaflets, spreading or reflcx- 
 ed in flowering ; stamens 9, 6 in the circumference without glands, 
 3 central, each with 2 bilobed, somewhat reniform, glands attached 
 to each s5d$ of the base of the filaments. The commonest tree at 
 Mahableshwur, next to the Jambool.; most of the trees are only 
 male. 
 
313 
 
 L. TEREBINTHACE.E, p 51. 
 8. GARUGA, Roxb. 
 
 1. G PINNATA, Roxb, Fl. Ind. ii, p 400. A rather large tree, 
 with pinnate leaves, which are deciduous in the cold weather ; 
 flowers panicled, yellowish-white, often covered with a mealy kind 
 of substance ; they appear in the hot weather ; fruit ^ size of a 
 gooseberry, eaten by the natives both raw and pickled ; it contains 
 from 1 to 5 one-seeded nuts. Native name " Koorak." Found in 
 many parts of the country, but nowhere in great quantity. The 
 timber is very inferior. 
 
 LXVIIl. CRASSULACE^E, p 105. 
 
 1. KALANCHOE, Adans. 
 
 4. K OLIVACEA, Dalz. Stem 1 foot high, terete, somewhat 
 jointed, herbaceous ; leaves ovate or broad-lanceolate, cuneate at 
 the base, unequally crenate-serrate, fleshy, with the nerves im- 
 mersed, dotted with blood-red spots, 3k to 5 inches long, 1 to 2 
 inches broad ; upper leaves smaller; flowering branches from above 
 the leaves (supra-axillary) forming a cyme ; pedicels, calyx, and 
 flowers clothed with glandular viscid hairs ; calyx divided to the 
 base, segments lanceolate acuminate ; corol tube swelled at the 
 base, a half longer than the calyx, segments 4, ovate-oblong acute 
 mucronate, of a pale-pink colour, half the length of the tube, 
 twisted in aestivation; stamens 8, in "2 rows ; glands situated be- 
 hind each ovary at the base, linear bidentate ; ovaries 4, flask- 
 shaped, attenuated upwards ; ovules in four rows on the inner angle. 
 The whole plant is of an olive colour. Found only at Pandooghur, 
 and under the cliff at Paunchgunny, 
 
 LXIX. UMBELLIFER^E, p 108. 
 
 The fruit of Heracleum tomentosum having been since dis- 
 covered, it is found not to belong to that genus. 
 
 LXXV. COMPOSITE, p 121. 
 2. VERNONIA, Linn. 
 
 3. V ANTHELMINTICA, Willd. iii, 1634. A large, annual, erect 
 
 species ; stem branched, terete, clouded with elevated purple 
 
 spots, 2 to 3 feet high ; leaves petioled, broad-lanceolate, coarsely 
 
 serrate, slightly downy, running down to the insertion of the 
 
 40 c 
 
314 
 
 petioles ; heads of flowers terminal, peduncled, purple ; seeds 
 cylindric. Common in the black-soil of the Deccan. The seeds 
 are much used in native medicine, and are really effectual in 
 bowel-complaints. 
 
 3. DECANEURUM, DC., p 122 
 
 3. D LILACINUM, Dalz. Stem 4 to 5 feet high, herbaceous, 
 dichotomously branched ; leaves lanre, 6 to 7 inches long, 3 inches 
 broad, lower ones ovate, attenuated at both ends, upper lanceolate, 
 all thinly clothed above with flat-jointed hairs, white and araneose 
 beneath, repand-dentate on the margins, and with the teeth 
 cuspidate; heads of flowers solitary terminal, of a beautiful lilac 
 colour ; involucre ovate, subtended by a few lanceolate cuspidate 
 leaflets; outer scales small oval cuspidate, stalked ; inner long linear 
 acute, scarious-pointed, all fringed with a little white wool ; pappus 
 half the length of the corolla, caducous; achenia smooth, with 10 
 slight grooves. Mahableshwur Hills, also in the Concan ; flower- 
 ing in November. 
 
 11. VICOA CERNUA, p 126. 
 (Amended description.) 
 
 Leaves pendulous, oblong acuminate, narrowed at the base, 
 slightly stem-clasping, serrate, sparingly pilose above, and on the 
 nerves beneath wrinkled, somewhat membranous, 3 to 3J inches 
 long, I broad ; -uppermost leaves lanceolate-acuminate from a 
 cordate stem-clasping base ; heads of flowers solitary from the upper 
 axils, and terminal peduncle or flower-bearing branch long, slender, 
 pilose, with 1 to 3 small leaves, and 1 to 3 subulate bracts under the 
 capitulimi ; flower-buds spherical ; involucre leaves very numerous, 
 squarrose, fine subulate, with extremely fine points; ray-florets 
 numerous, 2 rows, linear; pappus of 4 to 5 slender bristles, almost 
 as long as the flowers ; anthers cordate ; achenia cylindrical, with 
 close-pressed bristles, which appear above like a false pappus. 
 
 26. ARTEMISIA, Linn., p 129. 
 
 2. A PARVIFLORA, Buch. Root perennial; stem ascending 
 obliquely ; branches several, spreading or drooping ; lower leaves 
 simple, sessile, cuneate, with the apex dentate, and some linear 
 segments at the base, deep-green on both sides, uppermost leaves 
 minute, entire; flowers numerous-pedicelled, very minute, ovate, 
 drooping, reen. Very common on the eastern side of the Maha- 
 bleshwur Hills, and on the road towards Sattara. Dr. Buchanan's 
 
115 
 
 original specimens were from Nepaul, and are described as having 
 the young parts hoary ; this is hot the case with Bombay speci- 
 mens ; flowers in the cold weather. 
 
 33. TRICHOLEPIS GLABERRIMA, p 131. 
 (Description revised.} 
 
 Larger leaves below elliptic oblong, attenuated towards the base, 
 where it forms a kind of winged petiole, acuminated at the apex, 
 rather coarsely and sharply serrated, the serratures cuspidate on 
 their margins, scabrous, 4 to 6 inches long, 2 inches broad, upper- 
 most leaves linear acute, 2 to 3 inches long, 4 lines broad, with a 
 few very distant small teeth ; heads of flowers smaller than in T 
 montana, with the scales of the involucre glabrous (not araneose) ; 
 outer florets spreading ; stigmas exserted, erect, and not separating 
 one from the other, surrounded with a brush of hairs at the base ; 
 corol 7 lines long. 
 
 CXIX. PIPERACE^E, p 225. 
 1. PIPER, Linn. 
 
 2. P HOOKERI, Miquel in Hook. Jour. Bot. iv, 437. Branch- 
 lets, petioles, peduncles, and nerves, on the under side of the leaves 
 hairy ; leaves between coriaceous and membranaceous, thickly 
 pellucid dotted, smooth above, broadly ovate and equal-sided, shortly 
 acuminate ; the acumen obtuse, 5 to 7-nerved ; peduncle longer than 
 the petiole ; bracts oblong, decurrent and adnate ; ovary ovate ; 
 stigmas 4, short, thick, puberulous. Common on the Mahableshwur 
 Hills, and easily distinguished by the rather long petioles being 
 thickly clothed with whitish hairs. 
 
 CXXV. MORACE^E, p 240. 
 2. UROSTIGMA, Gasparrini. 
 
 12. U AMPELOS, Koenig. A large tree ; trunk short, thick, 
 often completely concealed by numerous small, very leafy branch- 
 lets, top very large, spreading to a great distance ; bark smooth, 
 ash-coloured ; leaves alternate, spreading, short-petioled, obliquely 
 oval, obtusely pointed, a little scolloped, scabrous, and very firm, 
 3 to 4 inches long ; petioles short-curved, channelled ; fruit axillary, 
 paired, peduncled, when ripe size of a pea, and yellow. We have 
 met with this tree in fruit on the western side of the Ghauts, but 
 the specimens did not come up to the above description as to its 
 being either large or spreading. The natives called it " Datir." 
 
316 
 
 If the name be correct, then it is both an erect tree and a climber, 
 and will include our U volubile, p 242. 
 
 NOTE. The Concan name of Ficus cordifolia is " Ashta." 
 
 CLIV. ERIOCAULACE.E, p 279. 
 1. ERIOCAULON, Linn. 
 
 8. E RIVULARE. This name having been preoccupied by Don, 
 the species here described has been named E dalzellii by Koernicke, 
 in the 26th vol. of the Linn sea. 
 
 9. E ROUXIANUM, Steudel, Syn. ii, 270. Cespitose ; root 
 fibrous; stem very short; leaves linear-lanceolate, 9 to 11 -nerved, 
 rather obtuse at the apex, subpellucid, 1 to 1 1 inch long, twice the 
 length of the tumid sheaths, which are rather membranous and 
 white at the apex ; heads about 2 lines in breadth, snow-white, 
 villous, a little shorter than the involucre. The specimens were 
 collected by Polydore Roux, near Bombay. 
 
 10. E HETEROLEPIS, Steudel loc. cit. 271. Cespitose; root 
 fibrous ; stem very short; leaves-lanceolate, rather obtuse, 9 to 11- 
 nerved, scarcely one inch long ; sheaths short, tumid, membranous, 
 divided at the apex ; bracts of the involucre in 2 series, scarious, the 
 outer ones oblong-lanceolate, deciduous ; interior ovate-obtuse, 
 much shorter than the flower-heads ; floral bracts cuneate ovate, 
 ciliated at the apex. Bombay, P. Roux. 
 
 CLVII. GRAMINE^l. 
 3. PANICUM, Linn., p 290. 
 
 8. P INTERRUPTUM, Willd. sp. i, 351. Culm under the water, 
 floating, thick, ascending, several feet high ; sheaths longer than 
 the joints, smooth; leaves smooth, narrow ; raceme spike-like, 
 slender ; cylindric, erect, 4 to 8 inches long ; florets small, green 
 and smooth, on short pedicels, crowded all round the rachis, 
 oblong, glumes 5 to 7-nerved, lower one subrotund and perfoliate ; 
 neuter floret with 2 palese. A very large Grass, clothing the margins 
 of tanks throughout the Concan ; anthers purple, long exserted. 
 Supposed by Nees to be identical with P inundatum, Kunth. 
 
 Section FESTUCACE.E, p 297. 
 21 A, ELYTROPHORUS, Beauv. 
 
 1. E ARTICULATUS, Beauv. Agr. t. 14, fig. 2. Root fibrous ; 
 culms cespitose, simple, 3 to 8 inches high ; leaves flat, elongated, 
 
317 
 
 exceeding the culm ; inflorescence a green spike, from 1 to 4 inches 
 long, sometimes interrupted here and there ; spikelets 3 to 7-flower- 
 ed ; florets distichous, smooth ; glumes 2, membranaceous, keeled, 
 subulate and awned at the apex, subequal and shorter than the 
 spikelet ; stamen 1 . Syn. Dactylis spicata, Willd ; Echinalysium 
 strictum, Trinius. In rice-fields in the cold weather ; looks some- 
 thing like Setaria at a little distance. 
 
 Page 133, under N. balsatnica, read "fruticose," instead of 
 " suffruticose." This is a shrub, 6 to 7 feet high, as seen at Dowud, 
 on the Sattara Road. Native name " Pirung." 
 
 Page 1 48, under Cynanchum pauciflorum, instead of " anthers," 
 in 5th line, read " 5 of the folds." 
 
 Page 2, line 
 
 5, 
 
 6, 
 
 6, 
 
 9, 
 
 9, 
 10, 
 11, 
 
 11, 
 12, 
 13, 
 13, 
 13, 
 15, line 
 
 for " crevato," 
 " hirsatum," 
 specie," ' 
 " pellatum," 
 " religioso," 
 " pedicles," 
 
 read 
 
 3, 
 35, 
 
 8, 
 16, 
 30, 
 20, 
 
 28, erase " but" 
 
 14, for "pedicles," 
 
 29, Do. 
 
 30, Do. 
 
 9, cancel " y" after " capense." 
 24, for " alac," read 
 
 " crenato." 
 " hirsutum." 
 " species." 
 " peltatum, twice." 
 " religiosa." 
 " pedicels." 
 
 " pedicels." 
 Do. 
 Do. 
 
 30, " pedicles," 
 
 34, "bipid," 
 
 3 from bottom, jor " pedicles," 
 
 17, 
 
 17, 
 17, 
 
 18, 
 19, 
 19, 
 20, 
 20, 
 
 21, 
 24, line 
 26, 
 
 28, line 
 30, 
 
 32, 
 
 33, 6 
 
 13, 
 16, 
 22, 
 25, 
 18, 
 13, 
 17, 
 7, 
 34, 
 14, 
 
 for 
 
 for 
 
 Do. 
 
 Do. 
 
 Do. 
 
 Do. 
 
 Do. 
 
 " Titiaceum," 
 " tiliacens," 
 " pedicles," 
 " phoenicens," 
 " pedicles," 
 
 " alae." 
 " pedicels." 
 " bifid." 
 " pedicels." 
 
 Do. 
 
 Do. 
 
 Do. 
 
 Do. 
 
 Do. 
 
 " Tiliaceum." 
 " tiliaceus." 
 " pedicels." 
 " phceniceus." 
 read " pedicels." 
 
 5 from bottom, for " Siliaceae,",, " Tiliaceoe." 
 Do. " ulimfolia," " ulmifolia." 
 
 24, for " pedicles," read " pedicels." 
 
 27, " Elentherandra," " Eleutherandra." 
 6, " Speurium," " Spurium." 
 
 from bottom,/br " Sounnerat," " Sonnerat." 
 
318 
 
 Page 33, line 2, for " Roxburghana," read " Roxburghiana." 
 
 35, ,, 5, " Melicocea," " Melicocca." 
 
 36, 6 from top, for " Lukhmee," " Zukhmee." 
 36, after line 18, add " Maratha name, Kapoor Bendy." 
 38, Limbara " M aratha name, Teesul." 
 
 41, 10, for " cerriherous," read " cirrhiferous." 
 43, line 8 from bottom, /0r <l Balsamania," read "Balsaminia." 
 
 Page 47, Celastrus rothiana is armed with long, straight, 1 
 inch thorns, arising from the base of the petioles, particularly in 
 the younger shoots. On the old branches these thicken with promi- 
 nent warty knobs. 
 
 Page 48, after Elagodendron Roxburghii, add 
 
 2. EL^ODENDRON GLAUCUM. A middle-sized tree, having op- 
 posite leaves quite smooth, and regularly serrate to within an inch 
 of the petiole, which is channelled ; fruit oblong, of the size and 
 shape of that of Olea dioica, but remains green. Found growing 
 in waste places and hills inland from the Ghauts ; name " Bootkus." 
 This tree is quite distinct in appearance and habit from E. Rox- 
 burghii, which is only found on the Ghauts, and even there rare. 
 
 Page 49, line 7, for " Lournef," read " Tournef." 
 
 49, 24, ' " Xylopyras," " Xylopyrus." 
 
 50, 2 from bottom, for " Rorar," " Rora." 
 
 59, 21, for " anymoxylon," " animoxylon." 
 
 60, 8 from bottom, for "tufolium," "trifolium." 
 
 61, line 16, for " lancsefolia," " lancesefolia." 
 
 62, 9, " opinulosa," " spinulosa." 
 65, 2, " graminium," " gamineum." 
 65, 18, " Cylindracens," " cylindraceus." 
 65, 38, "fruit," "fruits." 
 
 67, after weather in Alhagi, add " Hindoostanee name, 
 
 Jawasa." 
 
 70, line 1 8, for " may do," read " it does." 
 72, 2 from bottom, for " Cajamus," read " Cajanus." 
 Page 77, Brachypterum robustum is an introduction from 
 Seharunpore seed, and is not found growing naturally in any part 
 of Western India. 
 
 Page 81, line 10, from bottom, for " Aroul," read " Awul." 
 Page 86, Mimosa tomentosa is not found in any part of the 
 Deccan or Kandeish ; but specimens were originally from two trees 
 in the garden at Dapoorie, and these are said to have been raised 
 from Nepal seed. 
 
 Page 88, bottom of the page, after " 549," write " Maratha name, 
 Oodul." 
 
 91, after " Bherda," write " also Yehela." 
 
 92, line 19, for " Keerijul," write " Keenjul." 
 
319 
 
 Page 94, line 12, expunge " Jambool" before " streams." 
 98, 1 7, for Flosegina," read " Flos-Reginse." 
 103, 21, " Colocynths," read " Colocynthis." 
 105, 21, " Colytedon," read " Cotyledon." 
 
 111, 4 from bottom,/or " Vaginnans," read " Vaginans." 
 
 112, 2 from top for " Vaginnans," read " Vaginans." 
 Page 1 14, Morinda. We have not had an opportunity of deter- 
 mining the species, which is grown so extensively in the north 
 of Kandeish and Berar. It is allowed to remain 3 years in the 
 grounds (vide As. Res. 4, p. 38). We doubt if J. Graham be correct 
 in stating, as he does, that M citrifolia is the species (vide p 90, 
 of list). It has not a tree habit. 
 
 Page 11 8, line 8 from bottom, for "swellon," read " swollen." 
 
 119,,, 3 from bottom, after tl South Concan," add " Ghaut 
 
 Jungles," most common. 
 122, 16, for "shall/' read " small." 
 125, 11, cancel "a&." 
 
 1 32, 5 from bottom, for " nerufolia," read " nereifolia. 
 148, 8, for " Puchanani," read " Buchanani." 
 159, ,,16, ' "Karamba," " Karambu." 
 163, 12, "Thuleria," Shuteria." 
 168, 8 from bottom, for Mark," read " Maratha." 
 196, 8, for " aurculare," read " auriculare." 
 Page 199, Tectona. We have lately seen a striking instance of 
 the effect of fresh Teak seeds applied to the Umbilicus in a case 
 of. infantile Suppression of Urine, therefore the statement of 
 Endlicher is probably founded on sound observation. 
 Page 200, line 30, for " Mahul," read " Mawul." 
 
 20 1 , ,,9 from bottom, for " Altissmia," read " Altissima." 
 
 99fi Q "lr>ta" "lar*tpa" 
 
 zzo, y, lacia, laciea. 
 
 230, 14, "uranda," "urandra." 
 
 236, ,,16 from top Leaves are made into a soft paste 
 with tobacco, and thus applied. The plant is very common in waste, 
 uncultivated places. 
 
 Page 240, line 6 from bottom, for " terta," read " testa." 
 Page 241 Urostigma religiosum. A peculiar variety, with pin- 
 nate drooping leaves, is to be seen at Sattara. 
 
 Page 247, line 15 from bottom, for " Bull-bearing," read " Bulb- 
 bearing." 
 251, 12 from top, for " Spring," read " Spreng." 
 
INDEX TO No. I, 
 
 NAT. ORDER PAGE 
 
 Acanthacese 183 
 
 Agaricus 309 
 
 Alangiaceae 109 
 
 Amarantaceae .... 214 
 
 Amaryllidacese .... 275 
 
 Ampelideae 39 
 
 Ancistrocladeae .... 34 
 
 Anonaceae 2 
 
 Apocynaceae 143 
 
 Aquifoliaceae .... 143 
 
 Araliaceae 1 08 
 
 Aristolochiaceae . . 224 
 
 Asclepiadeae 147 
 
 Aurantiacese 28 
 
 Azimaceae 1 43 
 
 GEN. Abildgaardia . . 286 
 
 Abelmoschus .. 19 
 
 Abrus 76 
 
 Abutilon 17 
 
 Acacia . . . 85 
 
 Acalypha 228 
 
 Achyranthes.. .. 218 
 
 Acrocephalus . . 204 
 
 Acrostichum . . 306 
 
 Actinodaphne .. 312 
 
 Adiantum 307 
 
 Adelia 231 
 
 Adenostemma .. 122 
 
 Adhatoda 193 
 
 .Echmandra . 100 
 
 GEN. 
 
 jEginetia 
 
 brides 
 
 ^Eschynanthus . 
 
 JEschynomene . 
 
 ^Etheilema . . . 
 
 Aganosma 
 
 Agaricus 
 
 Agrostistachys . 
 
 Ailanthus 
 
 Alangium 
 
 Albizzia 
 
 Alhagi 
 
 Allantodea . . . 
 
 Alpinia 
 
 Alseodaphne. . . 
 
 Alstonia 
 
 Alteranthera . . . 
 
 Alysicarpus . . . 
 Amaranthus . . . 
 
 Amberboa 
 
 Amblogyna 
 
 Ameletia , 
 
 Ammania , 
 
 Amoora 
 
 Amorphophallus. 
 
 Anagallis 
 
 Anamirta 
 
 Ancistrocladus . , 
 Andrographis . 
 
 Andropogon . . . 
 
 PAGE 
 
 137 
 202 
 
 31 
 265 
 217 
 135 
 
 62 
 192 
 146 
 309 
 232 
 
 46 
 109 
 
 88 
 
 67 
 307 
 275 
 222 
 145 
 220 
 
 64 
 215 
 131 
 218 
 
 96 
 
 97 
 
 37 
 
 259 
 
 136 
 
 4 
 
 34 
 198 
 300 
 
 41 c 
 
322 
 
 GEN. 
 
 
 
 
 ) 
 
 jy 
 yy 
 
 yy 
 
 j> 
 yy 
 
 yy 
 
 NAT 
 
 p 
 
 AGE 
 
 253 
 165 
 206 
 210 
 234 
 147 
 233 
 304 
 244 
 237 
 303 
 248 
 137 
 15 
 118 
 168 
 259 
 258 
 295 
 224 
 212 
 314 
 244 
 181 
 292 
 246 
 307 
 233 
 306 
 189 
 
 28 
 74 
 
 42 
 94 
 104 
 159 
 172 
 
 NAT. ORDER 
 Burmanniaceae .... 
 Butomaceoe 
 
 PAGE 
 
 271 
 249 
 23 
 
 232 
 299 
 188 
 94 
 139 
 167 
 82 
 147 
 222 
 401 
 14 
 29 
 151 
 128 
 159 
 42 
 127 
 307 
 192 
 125 
 213 
 178 
 278 
 308 
 76 
 132 
 225 
 162 
 233 
 95 
 101 
 52 
 182 
 180 
 108 
 271 
 71 
 28 
 249 
 23 
 
 Ani^pin 
 
 Anisochilus .... 
 Anisomeles .... 
 Anisonema .... 
 Anodendron .... 
 Anomospermum . 
 Anthisteria .... 
 
 Byttneriacea? .... 
 
 GEN. Baliospermum . . 
 Bambusa 
 
 Barleria ...... 
 
 Barringtonia .... 
 
 Antidesma .... 
 
 
 
 Aponogeton .... 
 
 ,, Beaumontia .... 
 Beilschmiedia . . 
 
 
 Argostemma. . . . 
 
 o 
 A ro'vrpin 
 
 
 
 
 ,, Bidaria 
 
 
 Bidens 
 
 A ri^tiHn 
 
 
 Aristolochia .... 
 Arthrocnemum . . 
 Artimisia .. 128, 
 Artocarpus .... 
 
 Biophytum .... 
 Blainvillea .... 
 
 ,, Blepharis 
 
 
 Arundinella .... 
 Asparagopsis . . 
 
 Boerhaavia .... 
 
 
 Aspidopteris . . . 
 Asplenium .... 
 Asteracantha . . 
 
 Botrychium .... 
 Brachypterum . . 
 Brachyrampus . . 
 
 
 ,, Breweria 
 
 
 
 Azadirachta .... 
 
 
 
 B 
 
 . ORDER 
 
 Buchanania .... 
 
 jj Buddleia 
 
 Bupleurum .... 
 Burmannia .... 
 
 Barringtoniacese . . 
 
 Bursinopetalum. . 
 Butomopsis. . , . 
 Bvttneria . 
 
 
 
323 
 
 C 
 
 NAT. ORDER 
 
 PAGE 
 133 
 
 Campanulaceaj . . 
 
 Capparidese 7 
 
 Caryophyllaceae . . 15 
 
 Cedrelacere 38 
 
 Celastracese 47 
 
 Chailletiacese .... 52 
 
 Chenopodeaceee . . 212 
 
 Clusiacege 31 
 
 Combretaceae .... 90 
 
 Commelynaceee . . 252 
 
 Composite 121, 313 
 
 Connaraceee 53 
 
 Convolvulacese .... 162 
 
 Cordiacese 1 73 
 
 Crassulacese .. 105, 313 
 
 Craciferve 7 
 
 Cucurbitacese .... 99 
 
 Cyperaceae 281 
 
 GEN. Cadaba 9 
 
 Csesal pinia .... 79 
 
 Caesulia 1 26 
 
 Calamus 279 
 
 Calatropis 149 
 
 Calistephus .... 123 
 
 Callicarpa LOO 
 
 Calonyction .... 164 
 
 Calosanthes .... 161 
 
 Calophyllum . . 3 1 
 
 Calysaccion .... 32 
 
 Canarium 52 
 
 C ana v alia 69 
 
 Canscora 157 
 
 Cantharospermum. 73 
 
 Canthium 113 
 
 Capparis 9 
 
 Caralluma 155 
 
 Cardamine .... 7 
 
 Cardiospermum . 34 
 
 Carex 288 
 
 Carallia 96 
 
 Carissa . 143 
 
 GEN. 
 
 PAGE 
 
 -Careya , 95 
 
 Caryota 278 
 
 Casearia 11 
 
 Cassia 80 
 
 Cassytha 223 
 
 Cedrela 38 
 
 Celastrus 47 
 
 Celosia 215 
 
 Celsia 176 
 
 Celtis 237 
 
 Cenchrus 294 
 
 Centranthera .. 182 
 
 Cephalostigma . . 133 
 
 Ceratogynum . . 234 
 
 Ceropegia 1 53 
 
 Cheilanthes 307 
 
 Cheirostylis 271 
 
 Chickrassia . . 38 
 
 Chloris 296 
 
 Chlorophytum .. 251 
 
 Chloroxylon ... 39 
 
 Chonemorpha .. 146 
 
 Christisonia 202 
 
 Chrysophyllum. . 138 
 
 Cirrhopetalum .. 261 
 
 Cissampelos .... 5 
 
 Cissus ........ 39 
 
 Citrullus 101 
 
 Clausena 30 
 
 Clematis 1 
 
 Cleome 8 
 
 Clerodendron . . 200 
 
 Clitoria 68 
 
 Coccinia 103 
 
 Cocculus . , . 5 
 
 Cocos 279 
 
 Coix 289 
 
 Coldenia 171 
 
 Colebrookia 209 
 
 Coleus 205 
 
 Cceloglossum . . 269 
 
 Colubrina 50 
 
 Combretum .... 90 
 
 Commelina , 252 
 
324 
 
 PAGE 
 
 GEN. Connarus 53 
 
 Conocarpus .... 91 
 
 Conocephalus . . 239 
 
 Convolvulus .... 162 
 
 Conyza 1 24 
 
 Corchorus 24 
 
 Cordia 173 
 
 Costus 274 
 
 Cosmostigma .. 151 
 
 Cottonia 263 
 
 Courtoisia 285 
 
 Covellia 243 
 
 Crataeva 8 
 
 Cressa 1 62 
 
 Crinum 275 
 
 Crotalaria 54 
 
 Crossandra .... 193 
 
 Croton 231 
 
 Crozophora .... 232 
 
 Cryptocaria .... 222 
 
 Cryptolepis 148 
 
 Cryptophragmium. 185 
 
 Cryptocoryne . . 257 
 
 Cucumis 103 
 
 Curcuma 274 
 
 Cupania 35 
 
 Curculigo 276 
 
 Cyanospermum. . 75 
 
 Cyanotis 255 
 
 Cyathoclyne .... 124 
 
 Cyathula 219 
 
 Cyclea 6 
 
 Cylicodaphne .. 222 
 
 Cylista 74 
 
 Cymbidium .... 266 
 
 Cynanchum . . . . 148 
 
 Cynodon 297 
 
 Cynoglossum .. 172 
 
 Cynometra .... 83 
 
 Cyperus 281 
 
 NAT. ORDER 
 DatisceaB . 
 
 311 
 
 NAT. ORDER PAGE 
 
 Dilleniaceati 2 
 
 Doscorinese 247 
 
 Droseracese 12 
 
 Drupacese 89 
 
 GEN. Dactyloctenium . 297 
 
 Dactylis 298 
 
 Dalbergia 77 
 
 Datura 174 
 
 Decaneurum 122, 314 
 
 Decaschistia . . . . 21 
 
 Deeringia 214 
 
 Delphinium .... 2 
 
 Dentella' 115 
 
 Dendrobium.. .. 260 
 
 Derris 77 
 
 Desmodium . . . 
 Dichrocephala . 
 Dichrostachys . 
 
 Dicliptera 196 
 
 Dicoma 132 
 
 Dicranum 309 
 
 Didymocarpus . . 134 
 
 Dio-era 218 
 
 Dilivaria 192 
 
 Dillenia 
 
 Dioscorea 247 
 
 Dipteracanthus . . 185 
 
 Diospyros 140 
 
 Discospermum. . 120 
 
 Dithyrocarpus . . 256 
 
 Dodonsea 36 
 
 Doemia 150 
 
 Dopatrium .... 1 78 
 
 Doronicum .... 130 
 
 Drosera 
 
 Dysophylla .... 208 
 
 66 
 124 
 
 84 
 
 E 
 
 NAT. ORDER 
 
 Ebenaceac 140 
 
 Ehretiaceas 1 70 
 
 ElseagnaceaB 224 
 
 27 
 
325 
 
 NAT. ORDER PAGE 
 
 Elatineae 14 
 
 Eriocaulaceae. . 279, 316 
 
 Euphorbiaceae .... 225 
 
 GEN. Ebermeiera .... 1 84 
 
 Echinops 131 
 
 Eclipta 127 
 
 Ehretia 170 
 
 Elgeagnus 224 
 
 Elaeocarpus .... 27 
 
 Elaeocharis .... 285 
 
 Elaeodendron . . 48 
 
 Elephantopus . . 122 
 
 Elatine 14 
 
 Ellertonia 146 
 
 Elytraria 183 
 
 Elytrophocus .. 316 
 
 Embellia 136 
 
 Emblica 235 
 
 Endropogoh .... 1 85 
 
 Entada 83 
 
 Epaltes 126 
 
 Epicarpurus .... 240 
 
 Epicharis 37 
 
 Epithema 134 
 
 Eragrostis 297 
 
 Eranthemum . . 195 
 
 Eria e 262 
 
 Erinocarpus .... 27 
 Eriocaulon ..279, 316 
 
 Eriodendron. ... 22 
 
 Eriolena 24 
 
 Eriophorum .... 289 
 
 Erycibe ...... 169 
 
 Erythraea 157 
 
 Erythracanthus. . 184 
 
 Erythrina 70 
 
 Eugenia 94 
 
 Euloxus 216 
 
 Eulophia 264 
 
 Euonymus .... 47 
 
 Eupatorium .... 123 
 
 Euphorbia .... 225 
 
 E volvulus 162 
 
 GEN. Exacum . 
 Excoecaria 
 
 PAGE 
 156 
 
 227 
 
 NAT. ORDER 
 
 Flacourtianese .... 10 
 
 Fumariaceae 7 
 
 Filices 306 
 
 Fungi 309 
 
 GEN. Fagonia ...... 45 
 
 Falconera 227 
 
 Feromia 30 
 
 Ficus. 243 
 
 Fimbristylis 287 
 
 Flacourtia 10 
 
 Flagellaria 256 
 
 Flemingia 75 
 
 Fleurya 238 
 
 Fluggia 236 
 
 Fuirena 286 
 
 Fumaria 7 
 
 G 
 
 NAT. ORDER 
 
 Galliacea? 121 
 
 Gentianeae 1 56 
 
 Geraniaceae 44 
 
 Gnetaceae 246 
 
 Gesneraceae 131 
 
 Goodenoviae .... 134 
 
 Graminese .... 289, 316 
 
 GEN. Galactia 69 
 
 Garcinia 31 
 
 Gardenia 120 
 
 Garuga 312 
 
 Geissaspis 62 
 
 Geodorum 266 
 
 Geophylla Ill 
 
 Gerardina 238 
 
326 
 
 PAGE 
 
 GEN. Getonia 91 
 
 Givotia 228 
 
 Glichenia 308 
 
 Glinus 16, 311 
 
 Globba 272 
 
 Glochidion .... 235 
 
 Glossocardia .. 129 
 
 Glossogyne .... 129 
 
 Glossostigma .. 179 
 
 Glycosmis .... 29 
 
 Glycocarpus .. 51 
 
 Glycine 68 
 
 Gmelina 201 
 
 Gnaphalium .... 130 
 
 Gnetum 246 
 
 Gossypium .... 21 
 
 Gouania 50 
 
 Grangea 1 24 
 
 Grewia 25 
 
 Griffithia 119 
 
 Grislea 97 
 
 Grumilea , 111 
 
 Guatteria 3 
 
 Guilandina 79 
 
 Guizotia 128 
 
 Gymnema 151 
 
 Gynandropsis . . 7 
 
 Gynura 130 
 
 H 
 
 NAT. ORDER 
 Halorageae 
 Hedysareae 
 Hemandiacese . . 
 Hippocrataceae.. , 
 Homalineae . . . . 
 Hugoniacese 
 Hydrocharidaceae 
 Hydrophyllaceae , 
 Hypoxidacese . . , 
 
 GEN. Habenaria . . 
 llamiltonia . . , 
 
 99 
 
 62 
 
 221 
 
 232 
 
 53 
 
 17 
 
 277 
 
 170 
 
 276 
 
 276 
 115 
 
 GEN. Haplanthus .... 
 Hardwickia .... 
 Hedychium .... 
 
 Hedyotis 
 
 Heligme 
 
 Helicteres 
 
 Helosciadium . . 
 
 Heliotropium . . 
 
 Helmia ........ 
 
 Hemichoriste . . 
 
 Hemicyclia .... 
 
 Hemidesmus . . 
 
 Heptage 
 
 Herpestes 
 
 Heracleum .... 
 
 Heritiera 
 
 Heterophragma. . 
 
 Heterostemma . . 
 
 Hexacentris .... 
 
 Heylandia .... 
 
 Hibiscus 
 
 Hippion 
 
 Hippocratea .... 
 
 Holarrhena .... 
 
 Holochilus .... 
 
 Holoptelsea .... 
 
 Holostemma .... 
 
 Homalium .... 
 
 Hopea 
 
 Hoya 
 
 Hugonia 
 
 Hydrilla 
 
 Hydrocotyle .... 
 
 Hydrolea 
 
 Hygrophila .... 
 
 Hymenodictyon . 
 
 Hynea 
 
 Hypoestes 
 
 PAGE 
 
 197 
 
 83 
 273 
 115 
 146 
 
 22 
 106 
 171 
 247 
 194 
 229 
 147 
 
 33 
 178 
 107 
 
 22 
 160 
 152 
 183 
 
 54 
 
 19 
 157 
 
 32 
 145 
 142 
 238 
 148 
 
 53 
 140 
 152 
 
 17 
 277 
 105 
 170 
 184 
 117 
 
 38 
 197 
 
 1 
 
 GEN. Iclmocarpus. ... 147 
 
 Ilysanthes.c .... 178 
 
 Ilex 143 
 
327 
 
 
 PAGE 
 
 42 
 
 NAT. ORDER 
 
 PAGE 
 
 109 
 61 
 308 
 96 
 
 257 
 98 
 21 
 295 
 221 
 97 
 206 
 41 
 251 
 281 
 212 
 190 
 152 
 296 
 210 
 123 
 73 
 159 
 158 
 177 
 28 
 176 
 176 
 159 
 16 
 286 
 223 
 133 
 306 
 48 
 109 
 99 
 102 
 266 
 90 
 30 
 309 
 308 
 307 
 
 
 57 
 
 
 
 12 
 
 Lycopodiacese .... 
 
 T nnmfpfl 
 
 164 
 
 
 . . 291 
 
 GEN. Lagenandra .... 
 Lagerstroemia . . 
 
 Ischoemum , . 
 I socles 
 
 . . 305 
 . . 309 
 
 Tsinlpnicj 
 
 286 
 
 
 139 
 
 Lapnago 
 
 
 .. 112 
 
 ^ Lasiosiphon .... 
 
 J 
 
 NAT. ORDER 
 
 .. 137 
 
 Lavandula .... 
 Leea 
 
 Ledebouria .... 
 
 Juncaginaceae . . 
 
 .. 248 
 94 
 
 
 Lepidagathis . . 
 Leptadenia .... 
 Leptochloa .... 
 
 
 .. 137 
 
 
 . . 229 
 
 
 ftQ 
 
 
 82 
 
 Leucoblepharis. . 
 Leucodictyon . . 
 Ligustrum 
 
 
 98 
 
 
 1 Q.1 
 
 K 
 GEN. Kalanchoe . . 
 
 105, 313 
 95 
 
 Limnanthemum. . 
 Limnophila .... 
 
 
 Lindenbergia . . 
 
 Kleinhovia . . 
 KWia 
 
 .. 23 
 .. 134 
 
 
 
 .. Ill 
 
 Lipocarpha .... 
 
 Kydia 
 
 .. 24 
 
 
 .. 285 
 
 
 L 
 
 NAT. ORDER 
 
 . . 03 
 
 
 Lophopetalum .. 
 
 
 LauracesB . . . . 
 
 221,312 
 54 
 
 LufFa 
 
 Jje'iiniinoScC 
 
 
 Lentibulariacese 
 Jjiliacess 
 
 .. 135 
 
 .. 250 
 
 Lamnitzera . . . . 
 
 
 16 
 
 Lycoperdon . . . . 
 Lycopodium .... 
 Lveodium 
 
 
 . .. 133 
 
 Loe'anacese 
 
 155 
 
328 
 
 M 
 NAT. ORDER 
 
 PAGE 
 
 17 
 
 33 
 271 
 309 
 92 
 36 
 4 
 311 
 ,315 
 311 
 4 
 136 
 93 
 272 
 309 
 
 142 
 
 228 
 221 
 130 
 136 
 37 
 21 
 51 
 300 
 28 
 285 
 309 
 176 
 297 
 234 
 93 
 36 
 93 
 218 
 80 
 31 
 250 
 209 
 263 
 132 
 227 
 
 GEN. Microstylis .... 
 
 PAGE 
 
 260 
 85 
 140 
 155 
 155 
 245 
 104 
 102 
 16 
 27 
 271 
 204 
 41 
 114 
 311 
 70 
 100 
 29 
 121 
 272 
 - 4 
 9^9 
 
 277 
 7 
 213 
 6 
 
 277 
 1 
 36 
 118 
 277 
 8 
 183 
 7 
 37 
 209 
 35 
 84 
 190 
 
 
 Malpighiacese .... 
 
 Mitrasacme .... 
 Mitreola 
 
 Marsilicacese .... 
 Melastomaceae . . . 
 
 Mniopsis 
 
 Modecca 
 
 Momordica .... 
 IV! ollusro 
 
 Menispermacese . . 
 Mesembryacese, . . . 
 Moracese ....... 240 
 
 Monocera 
 
 Monochylus .... 
 Moschosma .... 
 Monsonia 
 
 
 
 iVT vrm nappfp 
 
 Morinda 
 
 
 
 TVT imnppfp 
 
 Mucuna 
 
 TVTimri 
 
 Mukia ........ 
 
 frw Mflba 
 
 
 ,, Musssenda .... 
 
 Macaranga .... 
 
 ]VI vi 'istica 
 
 Madacarpus .... 
 
 Myriophyllum . . 
 N 
 NAT. ORDER 
 
 
 
 
 Manisurus .... 
 
 Nelumbac636 
 
 
 Nyctaginaceee .... 
 
 
 
 GEN. Najas . * 
 
 Melanocenchris. . 
 Melanthesa .... 
 Melastoma .... 
 Melea 
 
 Naravelia 
 
 Naregamea .... 
 Nauclea 
 
 Memecylon .... 
 
 Nechamandra . . 
 Neibuhria 
 
 Mesoneurum . . 
 Mesua 
 
 
 Nelumbium .... 
 , Nemedra ...... 
 
 JV^ctlioiria ...... 
 
 Micromeria .... 
 
 , Nepeta 
 
 Nephelium .... 
 ,, Neptunia 
 
 Microrhychus . . 
 Microstachys . . 
 
 Neuracanthus . . 
 
329 
 
 PAGE 
 
 GEN. Nomaphila .... 184 
 
 Notonia 132 
 
 Nymphsea 6 
 
 O 
 
 NAT. ORDER 
 
 Ochnacese 46 
 
 Olacacese 27 
 
 OleacesB 159 
 
 Onagracese 98 
 
 Orchidaceae 260 
 
 Orobanchese 202 
 
 Orontiaceae 257 
 
 Oxalideee 42 
 
 GEN. Obione.. 212 
 
 Oberonia 
 Oclina . . 
 Odina . . 
 
 Olax. 
 
 Olea . 
 
 ,. 260 
 
 .. 46 
 
 .. 51 
 
 ,. 27 
 
 .. 159 
 
 Ophelia 156 
 
 117 
 300 
 308 
 143 
 205 
 92 
 
 Osmunda 307 
 
 Osyris 223 
 
 Ottelia 278 
 
 Oxalis 42 
 
 Oxystelma .... 150 
 
 Ophiorhiza 
 Ophiurus 
 
 Ophioglossum . 
 Ophioxylon . . . 
 Orthosiphon . . . 
 Osbeckia 
 
 NAT. ORDER 
 
 Pandanacese 279 
 
 Pangiacese 11 
 
 Paronychiaceae. ... 16 
 
 Passifioracese .... 104 
 
 Piperaceae 225, 315 
 
 42 c 
 
 NAT. ORDER PAGE 
 
 Pistiaceas 381 
 
 Pittosporeee 44 
 
 Plumbagineae .... 220 
 
 Podostemacese .... 245 
 
 Polygaleae 12 
 
 Polygonacese .... 214 
 
 Pontederaceee .... 249 
 
 Portulacaceae .... 15 
 
 Primulacece 136 
 
 GEN. Palmia 163 
 
 Pancratium .... 276 
 
 Pandanus 279 
 
 Panicurn 290, 316 
 
 Paramigynia .... 30 
 
 Paritium 19 
 
 Pastinaca 107 
 
 Pavetta 112 
 
 Pavonia 21 
 
 Pedalium 162 
 
 Peganum 45 
 
 Pennisetum .... 294 
 
 Pentatropis .... 149 
 
 Peristrophe .... 197 
 
 Peristylus 270 
 
 Petalidium 185 
 
 Peziza . , . . 309 
 
 Phalangium .... 25 1 
 
 Pharbitis 167 
 
 Phaseolus 71 
 
 Phelipaea 202 
 
 Phoberos 11 
 
 Phoenix 278 
 
 Pholidota 262 
 
 Phrynium 271 
 
 Phyllanthus 233 
 
 Physalis 175 
 
 Physichilus 184 
 
 Pimpinella .... 1 06 
 
 Piper 225, 315 
 
 Piperomia 225 
 
 Piplostylis 29 
 
 Pistia 281 
 
 Pithocolobium . . 89 
 
330 
 
 PAGE 
 
 GEX. Pittosporum. ... 44 
 
 Platanthera .... 269 
 
 Platea 28 
 
 Plectranthus. . . . 205 
 
 Pleurostylia .... 47 
 
 Pluchea 126 
 
 Plumbago 202 
 
 Pogonia 270 
 
 Pogostemon .... 207 
 
 Polanisia 8 
 
 Polycarpea .... 16 
 
 Polygala 12 
 
 Polypodium .... 306 
 
 Polyzygus .... 107 
 
 Pongamia 77 
 
 Pontederia 249 
 
 Porana 162 
 
 Portulaca 15 
 
 Pothos 257 
 
 Potomageton . . 248 
 
 Pouzolzia 240 
 
 Premna 199 
 
 Priva 198 
 
 Prosopis 84 
 
 Prosorus 236 
 
 Pseudarthria . . 74 
 
 Psilostachys 304 
 
 Psilotrychum .. 216 
 
 Psoralea 60 
 
 Psychotria .... Ill 
 
 Pteris 307 
 
 Pterocarpus .... 76 
 
 Pterospermum . . 24 
 
 Pueraria 67 
 
 Pupalia 219 
 
 Putranjiva .... 236 
 
 Pycnospora .... 75 
 
 Pygeum 89 
 
 R 
 
 NAT. ORDER 
 
 Rammculaceae .... 1 
 
 Rhamnacese 48 
 
 llhizophorace-ce. . . 95 
 
 NAT. ORDER PAGE 
 
 Rosacese 89 
 
 Rubiaceae Ill 
 
 GEN. Ramphicarpa .. 182 
 
 Randia 119 
 
 Reinvvardlia .... 16 
 
 Remusntia .... 259 
 
 Rhabdia 170 
 
 Rhamnus 50 
 
 Rhinacanthus .. 194 
 
 Rhizophora .... 95 
 
 Riedleia 24 
 
 Rivea 168 
 
 Rostellularia 1 93 
 
 Rostala 96 
 
 Rottlera 230 
 
 Rourea 53 
 
 Rubia 121 
 
 Rubus 89 
 
 Ruellia 186 
 
 Rungia 1 95 
 
 Rynchosia 74 
 
 llynchospora . . 288 
 
 S 
 NAT. ORDER 
 
 Salicaceae 220 
 
 Sal v ad or ace se. . .. 312 
 
 Samydaceae 11 
 
 Santalacese 223 
 
 Sapindaceae 34 
 
 Sapotaceae 1 38 
 
 Saxifragaceae .... 90 
 
 Scrophulariaceee .. ]76 
 
 Sesameae 161 
 
 Sesuviaceae 14 
 
 Solanaceee 174 
 
 Sterculiaceae 22 
 
 Symplocaceae .... 140 
 
 GEN. Saccharum .... 304 
 
 ,, Saccolabium . . 263 
 
 Sageraea 2 
 
 Sagittaria 249 
 
 Salacia 33 
 
331 
 
 PAGE 
 
 GEN. Salix 220 
 
 Salmalia 22 
 
 ,, Salomonia. . . . . . 13 
 
 Salvadora 312 
 
 Salvia 209 
 
 Salvinia 309 
 
 ,, Santalum 224 
 
 Santia 114 
 
 Sapindus 34 
 
 ,, Sapota 139 
 
 ,, Saprosma 112 
 
 Sarcanthus .... 264 
 
 ? , Sarcostemma .. 149 
 
 Sarcostigma .... 221 
 
 Scaevola 134 
 
 Scepa 236 
 
 Schrebera 138 
 
 Scindapsus .... 257 
 
 Scirpus 288 
 
 Scleria 288 
 
 Sclerocarpus .... 129 
 
 Sclerostylis 29 
 
 Scutellaria 210 
 
 Scutia 50 
 
 Semecarpus .... 52 
 
 Sesamum 161 
 
 Sericostoma .... 172 
 
 Sesbania 62 
 
 Sesuvium ...... 15 
 
 Setaria 293 
 
 Shuteria 68 
 
 Sida 17 
 
 Siegesbeckia . . . . 127 
 
 ,, Sleuchera 35 
 
 Smilax 246 
 
 Smithia 63 
 
 Solanum 174 
 
 Sonerila 93 
 
 Sonneratia .... 98 
 
 Sophora 79 
 
 Sopubia 182 
 
 Soymida 38 
 
 Spathodea 160 
 
 Spei macoce .... Ill 
 
 PAGE 
 
 GEN. Sphoerantnus .. 123 
 
 Sphaerocarya . . 223 
 
 Spheeropteris . . 307 
 
 Spilantnes 1 29 
 
 Spiranthes .... 270 
 
 Splitgerbera 239 
 
 Sponia 238 
 
 Sporobolus .... 295 
 
 Stemodia 176 
 
 Sephania 6 
 
 Sterculia 22 
 
 Stricra 181 
 
 Strobelanthus .. 187 
 
 Strychnos 155 
 
 Stylocorne .... 119 
 
 Stylodiscus 235 
 
 Suasda 213 
 
 Symphorerna .. 199 
 
 Syzigium 93 
 
 T 
 
 NAT. ORDER 
 
 Taccaceaa 276 
 
 Tamariscineae .... 14 
 
 Terebinthaceai ..51, 313 
 
 Thymeleee 221 
 
 Tiliaceae 24 
 
 GEN. Tabernaemontana 144 
 
 Tacca , 276 
 
 Tamarindus .... 82 
 
 Taverniera .... 67 
 
 Tecoma 161 
 
 Tectona 199 
 
 Tephrosia 60 
 
 Terminalia .... 91 
 
 Terniola 245 
 
 Tetranthera .... 222 
 
 Thalictrum .... 1 
 
 Thespesia 18 
 
 Thunbergia 183 
 
 Tiaridium 172 
 
 Tilleea .. , 105 
 
 Tinospera -. 5 
 
332 
 
 PAGE 
 
 GEN. Toddalia 46 
 
 Torenia 180 
 
 Tournefortia . . 171 
 
 Toxocarpus .... 148 
 
 Tragia 228 
 
 Trapa 99 
 
 Trewia 23 1 
 
 Trianthema .... 14 
 
 Trichaurus .... 14 
 
 Trichosanthes .. 102 
 
 Tribulus 45 
 
 Trichodesma .. 173 
 
 Tricbolepis ..131, 315 
 
 Triumfetta .... 25 
 
 Turpmia 47 
 
 Turraea 36 
 
 Tylophera 150 
 
 Typhonium 258 
 
 U 
 
 NAT. ORDER 
 
 Ulmacese 237 
 
 Umbellifer .. 105, 313 
 
 Urticaceae 238 
 
 GEN. Unlola 298 
 
 Unona 3 
 
 Uraria 65 
 
 ,, Urena 18 
 
 Urginia 250 
 
 Urochloa 289 
 
 Uropetalum .... 250 
 
 Urostigma.. 240, 315 
 
 ,, Utricularia .... 135 
 
 Uvaria 3 
 
 V 
 
 NAT. ORDER 
 
 Verbenaceae 198 
 
 Violaceae 12 
 
 GEN. Vahlia 90 
 
 Vallaris 144 
 
 PAGE 
 
 GEN.Vandellia 179 
 
 Vangueria 114 
 
 Ventilago 48 
 
 Vernonia,... 121,313 
 
 Vicoa 126, 314 
 
 Vinca 1 44 
 
 Viscum 110 
 
 ;, Vitex 201 
 
 Vitis ... 41 
 
 GEN.- 
 
 Vogelia 220 
 
 W 
 
 -Wagatea 
 Wahlenbergia 
 Walsura .... 
 Wallheria .... 
 
 Wedelia 
 
 Wendlandia . . 
 Wisteria .... 
 Wollastonia . . 
 Wrightia 
 
 80 
 183 
 
 37 
 
 23 
 12* 
 117 
 
 61 
 128 
 145 
 
 X 
 
 NAT. ORDER 
 
 Xanthoxylacese ... 
 Xyridacere ...... 
 
 GEN. Xanthium ---- 
 
 Xanthochymus. . 
 Xanthoxylon . . 
 Xylia ........ 
 
 Xyris ........ 
 
 Z 
 NAT. ORDER 
 
 Zinziberaceae .... 
 
 ZosteraceaB ...... 
 
 ZygophylleaB ...... 
 
 GEN. Zanonia ...... 
 
 Zehneria ...... 
 
 Zinziber ...... 
 
 Zizyphus ...... 
 
 ,, Zostera ........ 
 
 45 
 
 259 
 
 127 
 
 31 
 
 45 
 
 85 
 
 259 
 
 272 
 
 277 
 45 
 99 
 99 
 
 272 
 49 
 
 277 
 
5SM