tJ2^W^ S University of California Berkeley HfiENDS JKNDOXJfER BSORMSHOK ARROWHEAD MOUNTAIN, NEAR SAN BERNARDINO, CALIFORNIA t Legends of the Arrowhead Issued by tne Passenger Department San Pedro, Los Angeles and Salt Lake Railroad / H. C. NUTT, General Manager FRED A. WANN T. C. PECK General Traffic Manager Gen'l Pass'r Agent LOS ANGELES. CALIFORNIA 9? ENERATIONS of men have wondered concerning the for mation of the marvelous prehistoric landmark known as the Arrowhead, so clearly pictured upon the mountain side, six miles northeast of San Bernardino, California, and visible from the trains of the Salt Lake Route for a distance of fifteen miles. Although the origin of the Arrowhead is unknown, numerous legends dealing with its supernatural creation, combining the fancy of superstition with the romance of fiction, have been extant among the Indian tribes and early settlers for many generations. In the belief that the general public knows scarcely anything concerning this strange for mation, which the Salt Lake Route has adopt ed as its official trade mark, these legends are collected and presented in book form, with the hope that the subject matter will prove of in terest to its readers. By actual measurement, the Arrowhead is 1375 feet long, and 449 feet wide, comprising an area of 7^2 acres, and the material of which it is composed is different in formation from adjacent parts of the mountain, consisting chiefly of disintegrated white quartz, and light gray granite, and supporting a growth of short ^ white sage and weeds. This lighter vegeta tion shows in sharp contrast to the dark green growth of surrounding chaparral and grease- wood. Not a few believe that this natural mark was made by a mountain cloudburst. A great volume of water was supposed to have struck the earth at the top of the arrow, and, rushing down, formed the shank, then, ob structed by some accumulated mass of debris, it overflowed on each side and advanced with terrific force until this overflow was confined by entering the wedge-shaped configuration upon the mountain side, and the point of the arrow was shaped. The wonderfully formed symbol, so distinctive a feature of the locality, is plainly visible from all the trains of the Salt Lake Route. This fact induced the manage ment of the road to select this unique emblem as the official sign of the system, and the sim ple Indian arrowhead is now adopted and rec ognized as the identifying mark of the San Pedro, Los Angeles and Salt Lake Railroad. COXHUXA- HE primitive savage thoroughly- steeped in superstitious lore, inva riably associated the Great Spirit with the production of any unusual natural phenomena, hence from the descendants of the Coahuia Indian inhabitants of the San Bernardino Valley comes this ex planation of the origin of the Arrowhead. In the days of long ago, the Coahuias dwelt across the mountains to the eastward, near the San Luis Rey Mission. Now, although of a peace loving disposition, they were continually harassed by their warlike neighbors, who stole their ponies, devastated their fields and burned their jacales. Thus for many years they lived unhappy and in constant fear, until at last the persecutions could not longer be endured, and at command of their chief the tribesmen gathered in council for the purpose of calling upon the God of Peace to assist and direct them to another country, where they might acquire a quiet home land. Impressive incan tations and ceremonial songs of peace were performed under the direction of the chief medicine man. Now, being a gentle people, so the tale runs, they found special favor with the Great Spirit, by whom they were di rected to travel westward, and instructed that they would be guided to their new home by a fiery arrow, for which they must be constantly watching. Accordingly the tribe started upon the journey, and one moonless night, when the camp sentries had been posted with usual injunctions to be watchful, there appeared across the vault of heaven a blazing arrow, which took a course westward, settling upon the mountain, where the shaft was consumed in flame, but the head imbedded itself, clear- cut in the mountain side. The camp was aroused, and while yet the morning star hung in the east heralded the approach of day, they resumed their journey to the promised land, under the shadow of the mountain, where they located, and lived in peaceful contentment un til the coming of the white settler. GES and ages ago, this legend runs, the Indians inhabiting the beauti ful San Bernardino Valley, called by them Guachina, a "place of plenty," waxed strong and prosper ous because of the fertility of the soil and the abundance of the streams that watered it. They were mighty in the land, and, becoming selfish and proud in their arrogance, forgot the All-Ruler, the bestower of their abundance and power. Then was the Great Father displeased at their ingratitude, and thereupon sent down upon this people a hot, fierce spirit from the Sun-land, who blighted their vegetation, drank of their streams until only the sand beds were left, and drained their lakelets till only salt and bitter waters remained therein. Then did the people gather in council, building huge fast fires and make offerings to appease the anger of the Great Spirit. But the scorching blast continued, parching the land, and all green things shrivelled, the hot earth baked and crumbled, the herds and flocks perished, the Sun monster leaving only heaps of bleaching bones. Then were the people visited with pestilence and with famine. Although they constantly prayed and made peace offerings for the abatement of the fury of this consum ing heat monster, their supplications were un answered. The wailing Indians at length, driven to dire extremity, knelt with out stretched arms, and, bowing to the ground, offered to make any sacrifice even to the for feiture of the most precious life in the tribe if only relief might be granted them from the deadly visitation of this devouring pest. Now, the chief is alleged to have been father to an only daughter, Ne-wah-na, by name, maiden of the new moon the fairest and most beloved of all tribeswomen. Finally, in an swer to his last appeal, a voice floating from out the broad expanse of the skies bore this message: "Give Ne-wah-na as an offering to heaven." Silence fell upon the stricken In dians as their chief, rising above his devotions, slowly went to his wickiup. There he care fully wrapped his daughter in her richest robes, and, adorning her with golden trinkets, obedient to the mysterious voice, led her forth, leaving her alone to meet the fiery wrath of the destroyer. When the sacrifice was com pleted, and Ne-wah-na was consumed, the heavens opened and immediately a white ar row of light shot out and struck down the heat monster; others followed, until finally one struck the mountain side, and there left its mark. Then was the blessed rain poured from above, the water once again cooling the parched earth and running in the empty beds of the streams. The heat monster writhed in agony under the copious, cooling downpour, until the earth opened to swallow him. As it closed again, streams of boiling water bubbled from the rock crevices, and the famine and pestilence-smitten people, drinking deep of the steaming waters, and bathing in them, were healed. Thenceforth the humbled dwellers of the valley lived for generations in peace and plenty at the foot of the arrow-marked moun tain. GES ago, when the Evil Spirit dwelt in these mountains, the Coahuias were a race of giants. Now, the Evil One took supreme delight in making life miserable for them. His favorite form of amusement was to roll down from the mountain huge boulders upon their rancheria, and to pour drenching floods of water over the valley. The Indians, natur ally enough, became weary of these mischiev ous attentions, and, wishing to arrange some sort of truce, one autumn day, after the Evil One had been especially active, they decided to seek council with him. So the giant Indian chief called the Sacred Eagle, after first plac ing a white dove's feather in its beak, to ascer tain if the time was most propitious. That re vered bird having so signified by soaring far aloft to the mountain stronghold of the Evil Spirit and returning with the white feather of the dove, a score of the most powerful Indians scaled the mountain side and the council oc curred. After some discussion it was agreed to play a game of cards for entire possession of the valley. The Indians, chanting a good luck gambling song, were fast winning, when the Evil One, becoming enraged, seized an ace of spades and dashed it against the mountain side with such angry force that the mountain opened, receiving him spluttering in its depths, and the sulphurous hot springs at the moun tain's base bear evidence of his continued presence beneath the rocks. MORMON: ROM the Mormons has likewise de veloped a solution of the mystery of the Arrowhead. It is related that when, in the year 1851, Brig- ham Young desired to found a col ony which was to be a resting place to the saints coming to this, his city of Zion, from Europe and Australia, he sent out a party to select a location. Before his band of disciples started on their quest, however, he told the two leading elders of a vision that had ap peared to him, and which was substantiated by a Mormon seeress. He had beheld upon the side of a mountain the head of an arrow, point ing down to a rich and fertile valley. When the party should come upon this sign of the arrowhead, there, in the valley to which it pointed, he enjoined them to stop, and found a new branch of Zion. After long, wearisome plodding, through Utah and Nevada, over a trail which is now followed by the Salt Lake Route, the travelers came to the dreary stretch of the Mohave Desert. Nearly perishing from the lack of water, thoroughly discouraged, they were on the point of turning back, when an angel, appearing, admonished them to be of good cheer, continue their pilgrimage, and soon they would reach the land of their reward. The following day they came to Cajon Pass, and from there viewed the beautiful San Ber nardino Valley. The elders, beholding the great white arrowhead defined against the dark green background, recognized this as the valley of their leader's vision. So here they settled, founding in San Bernardino one of the most healthy and prosperous offshoots Mor- monism ever put forth, until in 1857 they were recalled by Brigham Young to the City of Zion. M &4PORX OCTOR. D. N. SMITH, who, about 1858, sought to improve the boiling sulphurous springs at the base of the mountain, had his own Arrow head story to tell. According to him, when a young lad, at a time when his father, who was a sufferer from consumption, lay sick unto death, an angel appeared to him in a vision, and pictured a place at the foot of a mountain side, designated by a pointing arrow head, where his father might be cured. Some years later, when Dr. Smith, coming to the San Bernardino Valley, saw the sign upon the mountain, which he then named Arrowhead, he recalled the vision. Visiting the foot of the mountain, he found the springs, which he dis covered to be possessed of valuable medicinal properties and great curative powers. The springs are thirty-six in number, and vary both in character and temperature. An excellent hotel, with connecting bath house, is maintained at Arrowhead Springs, which is now a favorite resort, and easily reached by electric line from the Salt Lake Route Station at San Bernardino. Traces of the Early Indians THER Indian relics are found along the Salt Lake Route, showing that the country recently opened up by this line although new to the pale face, was in the time of long ago the home of the red man. At Rox, Nevada, stand the pictured rocks, plainly visible from the car windows of all the trains of the Salt Lake Route. These hiero glyphics or picture-writings of the ancient In dians cover a space of two or three hundred feet in length, and represent various signs of the Zodiac, animals, birds, etc. Historians date these writings as 1540, approximately. It is supposed that they are the records of the Spanish expedition to the Colorado River in the above mentioned year. This conclusion is drawn from the fact that the carvings contain various evidences of Spanish influences. Farther on is found the Arrowhead Canon. This spot was evidently the scene of some sacred rites of the red men. In a narrow cleft of the rocks are hundreds upon hundreds of Indian arrowheads, shot in so closely and in such numbers that to wedge in another would be an impossibility. Evidently a celebration of some kind occurred here, at which the braves showed their skill with bow and arrow. These and many other strange and grand sights make an ever-changing panorama along the Salt Lake Route, the direct line between Los Angeles and Salt Lake City. THE PICTURED ROCKS. NEAR ROX. NEVADA For additional copies of this booklet, as well as Utah, Nevada and California literature, ad dress M. de Brabant, General Agent, Wool- worth Building, New York; Geo. M. Sargent, General Agent, 142 South Clark Street, Chi cago; W. J. Bogert, General Agent, 819 Oliver Bldg., Pittsburgh, Pa.; E. B. Erwin, General Agent, 823 17th Street, Denver, Colo.; J. H. Manderfield, Asst. General Passenger Agent, 10 E. 3d South Street, Salt Lake City; A. H. Heilbronner, Trav. Pass. Agent, 201 State Sav ings Bank Bldg., Butte, Mont.; L. A. Casey, General Agent, 680 Market Street, San Fran cisco; F. H. Adams, General Agent, 601 South Spring Street, Los Angeles; or any agent of the Salt Lake Route. H. C. NUTT GENERAL MANAGER F. A. WANN T. C. PECK GEN L TRAFFIC MANAGER GEN-L. PASSENGER AGENT 12-13-10M U.L.Co.