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 I S TORI C A 
 NOTICES 
 
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 C. K. OGDEN
 
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 Jiepcrts o^Suft^ifitf/tJfuff imftf^tcr^ of the GalinU Bi'ard u^Htaltii 
 
 ENFIELD 
 
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 HISTORICAL, TOPOGRAPHICAL 
 
 AND 
 
 STATISTICAL 
 
 NOTICES OF ENFIELD 
 
 En rf)c ©ounty of JJliliilcsex, 
 
 CONTAINING ALSO 
 
 BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL NOTICES 
 
 OF 
 
 DISTINGUISHED PERSONS 
 
 WHO 
 
 FORMERLY RESIDED IN THE PARISH. 
 
 WITH A MAP AND OTHER ILLUSTRATIONS. 
 
 COMPILED FROM THE BEST AUTHORITIES. 
 
 BY 
 
 J. TUFF, 
 
 Member of the London and Middlesex Archceological Society, 
 
 And one of its Local Secretaries, 
 
 Also Member of the Royal Pharmaceutical Society. 
 
 IMFQIL© IpytiLO© ILOIgl^^KYS 
 PRINTED AND PUBLISHED BY J. H. MEYERS. 
 
 1858.
 
 ENFIELD PKESS: 
 PRINTED BY J. II. MEYEES.
 
 PREFACE. 
 
 The Author and Compiler of this book being 
 anxious to meet the wishes of many enquirers 
 respecting a History of Enfield, has undertaken 
 the task of rendering such a work as acceptable 
 as was in his power, from preceding histories, 
 and his own knowledge of the parish during a 
 residence of upwards of thirty years. It is not 
 presented, therefore, as a complete history, but 
 more as a book of reference, containing a con- 
 densed and accurate account of what it treats, 
 as being interesting to the parishioners in 
 particular, and in some degree to the public 
 generally. 
 
 r\A, 
 
 201.' 
 
 t-^)Q^»
 
 PARISHIONERS OF ENFIELD 
 
 THESE 
 
 HISTORICAL AND STATISTICAL 
 NOTICES 
 
 ARE DEDICATED, 
 
 AS A MARK OF DEEP GRATITUDE AND RESPECT 
 BY 
 
 THE AUTHOR AND COMPILER.
 
 NOTICES OF ENFIELD. 
 
 Geographical Position and Boundaries. 
 
 The parish of Enfield lies about nine miles 
 north of the Metropolis, and is pleasantly situated 
 on the west side of the Lea, which extends Irom 
 Hertford to London. It is bounded on the east 
 by a branch of the river Lea, called the Meere- 
 ditch or Mardyke ; on the south by Edmonton, 
 from which it is divided by a stream (now con- 
 verted into a sewer) ; on the west by Hadley, 
 South Minims, and the gentle risings of its own 
 Chase, from the foot of which it has a gradual 
 inclination towards the marsh land ; and on the 
 north by Northaw and Theobald's Park,* in 
 Hertfordshire. 
 
 * Theobalds was the residence of King James the first. In 
 one of the rooms of this ancient mansion he died. It is now 
 the residence of Sir Henry Meux, Bart. M.P., one of the 
 Members for the Coimty of Hertford. 
 B
 
 10 
 Extent in Acres. 
 
 The parish contains about 12,254 acres of land, 
 iaclusive of the Chase, 3,550 acres of which 
 were enclosed by act of Parliament in 1801. It 
 extends from east to west about 8^ miles, and 3i 
 miles from north to south, by the main road ; but 
 between 5 and 6 miles in other parts. 
 
 Norden describes Enfield, as " a parish on the 
 edge of the Chase, of such extent, that, if it were 
 measured by the ring, it would be found twenty 
 miles in extent, some time parcell of the Duke of 
 Lancaster's lands, now Queene Elizabethe." 
 
 Norden's Etymology of the word Enfield. 
 
 " It is called by some Enfen, in regard to the 
 fenny scytuation of some parts thereof, vpon the 
 marshes, or meerish ground, (tho' now brought 
 to profitable jDasture), it hath been in times past 
 fenny : thereof taking the name of Enfen, or 
 Infen, now Enfielde ; but these fenny grounds 
 are now on the east, as the Chase is on the west, 
 profitable neighbours, not only to Enfielde, but 
 to many poore inhabitants neare." 
 
 In Domesday Book it is called Enfielde ; in 
 Magnaville's grant of it to Walden Enefeld or 
 Envilfe, held in the time of Edward the second,
 
 11 
 
 by William and Joan cle Enefield, who continued 
 here till the time of Uichard the second. In 
 Essex there is also a Manor called Enefeld^ or 
 Envilfe, held by William and John de Enefeld 
 in the time of Edward the second. In confirm- 
 ation of Magnaville's grant by Humphrey de 
 Bohun, in the time of Henry the third, it is 
 called Enfield, and so in Queen Elizabeth's- time, 
 in the exchange between Henry the eighth and 
 Lord Audley. Weever spells it Enefield — the 
 middle d he afterwards deemed superfluous. It 
 is, however, spelt Ent^field in the Court Kolls, 
 and in the survey of the Manor in 1685. It 
 might have been called End-field from its being 
 situated at the northern extremity of the County 
 of Middlesex, in or among fields, which agrees 
 with Norden's signification — as fen or fend 
 means field ; it is therefore possible that this 
 place derived its name from being that part, end, 
 or extremity of the Forest or Chase. 
 
 The Soil, Water, Air, &c. 
 
 The Soil, in general, is of a strong loamy 
 nature, (except in the marshes) and answers well 
 in tillage, and meadow land. The Town has a 
 gravelly soil ; the Chase abounds more in heavy 
 clayjey land. The water in general is good and
 
 12 
 
 the springs are found at a very little distance 
 from the surface. The air of Enfield is considered 
 very salubrious and congenial to longevity ; its 
 healthiness is borne out by the fact that Enfield 
 is registered about the second healthiest Parish in 
 England, according to the Registrar General's 
 Returns. 
 
 The Roman Eoad. 
 
 The ancient Roman Road led through part of 
 the Chase in its passage to Hertford ; — coming 
 from Cripplegate or Moorgate, it passed through 
 Newington^ thence through several green lanes to 
 the east of Hornsey, entered Enfield-chase, and 
 proceeded thence through Hatfield to Hertford. 
 This "was the road (for the present North-road 
 was not then in existance) by which the Londoners 
 marched on with King Alfred at their head, 
 against the Danes, in the year 895, to a strong 
 hold or fortification built by them at Hertford. 
 
 Rivers, Brooks and Streams. 
 
 The Parish is well watered by the New River 
 
 and the River Lea, besides several Brooks and 
 
 Streams. The new River takes a very circuitous 
 
 nd ^wistding course through the Parish of about
 
 13 
 
 nine miles, and must be considered as a great 
 acquisition to Enfield — ornamental, as well as 
 useful. The River Lea forms the eastern 
 boundary of the Parish, and is the medium of 
 great traffic in conveying malt from AVare for the 
 great London Breweries, as well as for conveying 
 coals and other commodities to and from the 
 Metropolis. 
 
 Medicinal Plants, 
 
 FOUND IN AND NEAR ENFIELD. 
 
 Adoxa Moschatellina, tuberous moschatel, by 
 the side of a bank at Maiden's-bridsre. 
 
 ^Egopodium Podagraria, gout weed, herb 
 gerrard, or ashweed, in the walk from Baker- 
 street to the Church. 
 
 Agaricus muscarius, reddish agaric, in the 
 woods and hedges of a sandy soil on the Chase. 
 
 Anthemis arvensis, wild camomile, on Chase- 
 green. 
 
 Carex^Je;^fZ^^/rt, pendulous carex, at Maiden's- 
 bridge. 
 
 Conferva gelatinosa, a variety of frog spawn 
 conferva, in a rivulet on the Chase. 
 
 Digitalis purpurea, purple fox glove, on 
 Enfield-chase. 
 
 Dalcaraara caules, bitter sweet, in the fields 
 leading to Edmonton.
 
 14 
 
 Fritillaria meleagris, common chequered dafFo- 
 dil, or fritillaria, in the meadows and pastures 
 near Enfield. 
 
 Geranium pyrenacium, perennial doTe's foot, 
 crane's bill, in meadows and pastures in Enfield. 
 
 Hypnum ornitJiopoides , bird's foot hypnum, 
 on beech trees on the Chase. 
 
 Hypnum sericum plumosum, winged hypnum, 
 on trunks of trees on the Chase. 
 
 Lathyrus ap)paca, yellow vetchling, in the old 
 camp, called Old-bury. 
 
 Lichen, jlaho riihescens, orange liver wort, on 
 trunks of trees, rocks, and stones, on the Chase. 
 
 Lichen Jiorizontalis , flat shield liver wort, on 
 roots of trees, wet stones, and rocks, on the Chase. 
 
 Lycoperdon pedunculatum , stalked pufFball, 
 on a wall in Baker-street 
 
 Ophrys tnonorchis, yellow musk orchis, in 
 barren pastures, of a chalky soil, near Enfield. 
 
 Ophrys spiralis, triple ladies' traces, on the 
 Chase. 
 
 Plantago major, besom plantain, by the path 
 between the fords of the two rivers, in the marsh. 
 
 Scutellaria galericulata, hooded Avillow herb, 
 by the side of the New River, in Enfield. 
 
 Sphagnum arhorcm, creeping bog moss, on the 
 trunks of trees on the Chase.
 
 15 
 
 Rheum palmatum, or true rhubarb, in a field 
 on the west side of Baker-street. The gold 
 medal, being the first premium offered by the 
 Society for the Encouragement of Arts, Manu- 
 factures, and Commerce, for the culture of rhubarb 
 in England, was adjudged to Mr. Thomas Jones* 
 in 1793 ; and the gold medal, being the first 
 premium offered by that Society for the greatest 
 number of plants of the rheum palmatum, or 
 true rhubarb, cultivated in the year 1796, was 
 also in the year 1797 adjudged to Mr. Jones, 
 who, in 1796 planted 935 of rheum palmatum 
 agreeable to the rules prescribed by the Society. 
 A very interesting and circumstantial account of 
 the culture and growth of rhubarb, at Enfield, is 
 mentioned in the Transactions of the Society. 
 
 Lavandula spica. — Lavender vfas also cultivated 
 in great quantities ; on the west side of Baker- 
 street, about sixteen acres of land were then 
 appropriated for that purpose. 
 
 * The first specimen of rhubarb, which was exhibited by 
 Mr. Jones, grew in the garden of Dr. Sherwen, who was then 
 a resident of Enfield, who gave it to Mr. Jones. The plants 
 grew in the front of the house next the street ; the growth 
 of them was so luxuriant as to attract the notice of everv 
 passenger. At this time rhubarb was a rarity.
 
 16 
 Antiquities, Coins, Tokens, &c. 
 
 In pulling down part of the old Palace, in 
 1789, a knife, fork, and spoon, silver gilt, were 
 found in a shagreen case. Though it is well 
 known that both Edward the sixth and his sister 
 Elizabeth (afterwards Queen) honored this house 
 with their occasional residence, these articles 
 Avere not considered to bear so old a date ; they 
 probably belonged to some of the noble pupils of 
 Dr. Uvedale, who kept a flourishing school in 
 this old palace, in 1665, at the time of the great 
 plague, among whom were Theophilus Earl of 
 Huntingdon, Robert Lord Viscount Kilmorey, 
 Henry Hare LordColeraine, Sir Jeremy Sambroke, 
 Bart., Jeremy Vanasher Sambroke, Theobald 
 Gascoigne, Esq., Joseph Gascoigne, Esq., and 
 Charles "Wake, Esq. 
 
 Amongst the rubbish, was found a wooden 
 tobacco stopper, surmounted by a figure of 
 Bacchus, bearing the date on the back of 1660, 
 supposed to have belonged to Dr. Uvedale 
 himself. Another spoon, silver gilt, was also 
 found among the ruins, which appears to be of 
 the date of Elizabeth ; it is now in the possession 
 of Miss May, sister to the late Dr. May, who 
 conducted the Enfield Palace School for a long
 
 IT 
 
 period, and witli great renown. There have also 
 been found many silver coins, tokens, and other 
 relics of former times, in different parts of the 
 parish, but chiefly in the neighbourhood of the 
 Palace. In 1820 a great number of Roman 
 silver and brass coins were ploughed up in a 
 field near Clay-hill ; about 170 of Domitian, 
 Caius Nerva, Trajanus, Aurelius, Hadrian, An- 
 toninus Pius, and one with the head of Sabina 
 his wife ; also some of Titus, Otha, Diana Augusta, 
 Faustina, Augustus Pius, &c. ; the earthen vessel 
 which had contained them was broken into pieces. 
 The coins found ready purchasers among the 
 gentry of the neighbourhood. 
 
 In the muniment room, over the church porch, 
 are the remains of banners and pieces of ancient 
 armour ; the head pieces of which are wood, 
 surmounted with clumsy ornamental animals. 
 The jackets are of coarse canvas, thickly stuffed, 
 and have small plates of iron inside ; they are 
 evidently very ancient, and were most likely kept 
 in readiness by the parish for occasionally arming 
 their quota of men on militarij occasions. 
 
 Ancient Hostelries and Houses. 
 
 In " olden times " there Avcrc but few houses 
 in that part of Enfield, now the Town, but
 
 18 
 
 foi'merly called Enfield-green ; evidence of which 
 existed until within these last few years ; several 
 trees were standing, thereby indicating the site 
 as having been a part of Enfield-chase. 
 
 Near the Palace of Queen Elizabeth there was 
 a house on the Avest side of the Market-place 
 known as the " Vine Inn ;" its site is now 
 occupied by the present King's Head Inn. The 
 old Elizabethan building, nearly opposite the 
 Palace, known for a long period as the " Grey- 
 hound Inn," was most probably occupied during 
 the Queen's visits to Enfield, by some of her 
 numerous retinue. The Inn, called formerly the 
 " Rummer," now distinguished by the name of 
 the " Railway Inn," was the house where the 
 Magistrates met to dispense justice, coming from 
 Tottenham for that purpose, (for Enfield could 
 not boast of a magistrate in those days). The 
 " George Inn," was then, most likely, a private 
 dwelling, which tradition says was the last house 
 attacked by the plague, when it visited Enfield. 
 
 Traditions. 
 
 A vague and unsupported tradition asserts that 
 the ancient Manor-house of Enfield, in the time 
 of the Mandevilles, was situated near the middle 
 of the Chase, surrounded by a deep moat called
 
 19 
 
 Camlet-moat, overgrown with briars and bushes ,< 
 in 1773 it measured, on the south side, 150 feet. 
 At the north-east corner is a deej) well, paved at 
 the bottom, in which it is stated there is an iron 
 chest full of treasures, which cannot be drawn 
 up, and that one of the owners being attainted of 
 treason, or some high crime, hid himself in a 
 hollow tree, and, sinking into this well, perished 
 miserably. Probably this tradition alludes to the 
 circumstance of John Tiptoft, Earl of Worcester, 
 at the restoration of Henry VI. an adherent of 
 Edward, being found in a hollow tree, Avas taken 
 to London, and beheaded in 1470. This moat is 
 said also to have been the lurking place of the 
 notorious highwayman and robber, Dick Turpin, 
 whose grandfather, one Nott, kept " The Rose 
 and Crown," by the Brook, (Bull Beggar's- 
 hole), Clay-hill. The only thing that favors this 
 tradition arises from the circumstance that the 
 moat was distant but a few miles from the scene 
 of Turpin's exploits, (Finchley-common), whence 
 he could easily conceal himself in such a place, 
 in the then wild state of Enficld-chase. 
 
 It is said there are also some large subterrane- 
 ous passages, which tradition has supposed to 
 have led formerly to Cheshunt Nunnery, in 
 connection with which an amusing story is told
 
 20 
 
 of Sir Henry Colt, showing hoAV he entrapped 
 the Monks of Waltham Abbey, and took them 
 next morning to the King, (Henry VIII.)* 
 
 * Clieshunt Nunnery was originally possessed by the Canons 
 of Cathale, but was bestowed by Heniy III. in the twenty- 
 fourth year of his reign, on the Nuns of Cheshunt, who were 
 instituted before the year 1183. They were of the Benedictine 
 Order, or Black Nuns, the most ancient of all Religious Orders 
 in this Countiy, and were denominated Black Nuns, from their 
 habit, a black robe with a scapulary of the same, and under 
 that a tunic of white or undyed wool. When they went to the 
 choir, they had over all a black cowl like that of the Monks. 
 The discipline of the Order was extremely strict, yet this was 
 not sufficient to exempt them from the scandal which was 
 thrown on all Institutions of this nature in the reign of Henry 
 the VIII. who was delighted when an opportunity offered of 
 exposing them to ridicule. Sir Henry Colt, of Nether Hall, in 
 Essex, who often amused the King this way, took his leave one 
 evening, promising to wait on him early the next morning. He 
 went immediately to Waltham Abbey, the Monks of which he 
 had been informed would return in the night from Cheshunt 
 Nunnery, where they were accustomed frequently to pass their 
 evenings, and fixing some toils used for the purpose of taking 
 tleer, at each end of the bridge over which he knew they must 
 pass, he waited in silence for the surprisal of his game. The 
 Monks arrived at the time they were expected, when Sir Henry 
 and his followers making a noise for the piu-pose of alanniug 
 them, they put out their lights, and hastened over the bridge as 
 quickly as possible ; but the sportsmen, drawing their nets, 
 secured them all in a cluster. Sir Henry presented them the 
 next morning to the King, who increased (heir mortification by
 
 21 
 
 There are many other traditions connected with 
 Enfield, which are scarcely worth alluding to, 
 but the following relating to " King Jamie and 
 the Tinker," is, perhaps, worth recording ; it 
 is written in the curious old doggrel rhyme of 
 the day, and is as follows : — 
 
 THE IQNG AND THE TINKER. 
 
 And now to be brief, let us pass oyer the rest, 
 Who seldom or never were given to jest, 
 And come to King James the first of the throne, 
 A pleasanter monarch sure never was known. 
 
 As he was a chasing his fiiir fallow deer, 
 
 He dropt all his nobles, and of them he got clear; 
 
 In search of good pleasure away he did ride, 
 
 Till he came to an ale-house hard by the road side : t 
 
 And there with a Tinker he happened to meet, 
 Wlio in his kind sorts he so lovingly did greet ; 
 He said, "honest fellow, what hast thou in thy jug, 
 Which under thy arm thou so lovingly dost hug." 
 
 remarking that he had often seen svjeefer, but never fatter 
 venison. 
 
 A very small part of this Nunnery remains, and that appears 
 to have been built not long before the dissolution. — Ellis's 
 Compagna of London, 1792, p. 38. 
 
 t The Ale-house still exists, with the old porch, under which 
 the King and the Tinker sat drinking their ale ; this house is 
 situate at White-webbs, near Wilkinson's-wood, and is known 
 by the name of " The King and Tinker."
 
 22 
 
 " lu truth," said the Tinker, " 'tis nappy brown ale, 
 And to drink to thy good health, faith, I will not fail — 
 For although tliy jacket looks gallant and fine, 
 I hope that my two-pence is as good as thine." 
 
 " Nay, bj' my soul man, the truth shall be spoke ;" 
 And straightway the Monarch sat down for to joke : 
 He called for his pitcher, the Tinker another, 
 And so they went to it like brother and brother. 
 
 While drinking, the King he was pleased to say, 
 " What news, honest fellow, come tell to me, I pray;" 
 "There's nothing of news, by the whicli I do hear, 
 But the King is a hunting his fair fallow deer, 
 
 And truly I wish I so happy may be. 
 That whilst they are hunting, the King I may see ; 
 For though I have travelled the land many ways, 
 I never saw the Iving, sir, in all my old days." 
 
 The King, with a hearty brisk laugh then replied, 
 " I tell thee, honest fellow, if thou canst but ride, 
 Thou shalt get up behind me, and thee I will bring 
 To the royal presence of James the King." 
 
 " Perhaps," said the Tinker, " his Lord will be drest 
 So fine, that I shall not know him from the rest ;" 
 " I tell thee, honest fellow, when thou dost come there, 
 The King will be covered, the nobles all bare." 
 
 Then up got the Tinker, and likewise his sack. 
 Old budgets of leather, and tools, at his back ; 
 And when they came to the merry green wood, 
 The nobles came round him, and bare headed stood.
 
 23 
 
 The Tinker then seeing so many appear, 
 Immediately whispered the King in the ear, 
 Saying, "since they are all clothed so gallant and gay. 
 Which is the King, come tell me, I pray." 
 
 The King to the Tinker then made this reply, — 
 " By my soul man, it must be either you or I ; 
 The rest are uncovered, you see, all around," 
 This said, with the budget he fell to the ground 
 
 Like one that was frightened quite out of his wits. 
 Then up upon his knees he instantly gets. 
 Beseeching for mercy — the King to him said, 
 " Thou art a good fellow, so be not afraid ; 
 
 Come tell me thy name ! " " It is John, of the Vale. 
 A mender of kettles, and a lover of good ale." 
 " Then rise up Sir John, I will honour thee highei", 
 And create thee a Knight of five hundred a year." 
 
 This was a good thing for the Tinker indeed, 
 Then unto the Court lie was sent with all speed ; 
 Where great store of pleasure and pastime was seen 
 In the royal presence of both King and Queen. 
 
 An old oil painting, representing the chief 
 incidents of this story, with King James, and the 
 Tinker behind him on horse-back, meeting his 
 nobles, and expressive of the surprise and dismay 
 of the poor tinker, was met with in London a 
 few years ago, a copy from which is to be seen 
 in Enfield.
 
 The Story of Canning and the Gipsey, 
 
 About a century ago a very mysterious affair 
 happened in that part of Enfield known as the 
 Wash, which convulsed the country from one 
 end to the other ; divided family against family 
 and friend against friend. The circumstances 
 are here briefly stated : — Elizabeth Canning, a 
 servant girl, had been on a visit to her uncle, 
 and on her return in the evening was attacked, 
 in Moorfields, by two men, who robbed her and 
 gave her a blow which made her insensible ; they 
 afterwards dragged her along the high road until 
 they came to the house of one Mother Wells, at 
 Enfield-wash, where, she said, one Mary Squires, 
 an ugly old gipsey confined her in a room ; after 
 being shut up there twenty-eight days, and fed 
 upon nothing but bread and water, she at length 
 effected her escape. On arriving in London she 
 told her tale to two gentlemen, with whom she 
 had lived as servant ; she made a deposition 
 before a magistrnte, but omitted many circum- 
 stances she had mentioned before, and added 
 many others, stating that she had been robbed in 
 Wells's house by a travelling gipsey, and that 
 Virtue Hall, a young girl, stood by while her 
 stays were cut off.
 
 25 
 
 In consequence of these charges, Squires, 
 Wells, and Hall, were apprehended. Hall was 
 discharged, but Squires was committed for the 
 robbery, and Wells for aiding and abetting. 
 Hall was again apprehended on a warrant 
 obtained from Mr. Justice Fielding, who, after 
 six hours examination, not giving credit to her 
 story, was about to commit her, when she begged 
 to be heard, and said she would tell the whole 
 truth ; the substance of which was that Canning 
 had been robbed at Wells' house, as she declared. 
 On this Squires and Wells were brought to trial 
 at the Old Bailey, and convicted on the evidence 
 of Hall. Wells was to be burned in the hand 
 and imprisoned, and Squires was condemned to 
 be hanged. 
 
 Canning's story was considered so extraordi- 
 nary and inconsistent in so many points, that 
 many persons were of opinion, that it was an 
 imposition altogether. After the trial, new 
 matter of suspicion arose; and in the course of 
 further enquiries, before the Lord Mayor, ample 
 evidence was obtained of the innocence of Squires 
 and the guilt of Canning, for perjury. The 
 result of these enquiries was laid before the 
 King, who referred the whole matter to the 
 Attorney and Solicitor-general, (Sir Dudley
 
 26 
 
 llydcr and the Earl of Maiisfickl, then "William 
 Murray, Esq.) and, from the weight of evidence 
 adduced, they ohtained His Majesty's pardon for 
 Sf|uires, and Wells Avas discharged. Canning 
 was then arraigned at the Old Bailey, and took 
 her trial on a charge of wilful and corrupt 
 perjury, which lasted, seven days, when the alibi 
 of Scjuires was proved by one of the most extra- 
 ordinary chains of evidence ever brought before 
 a Court of Justice. Canning was found guilty 
 and. sentenced to one month's imprisonment and 
 seven years' transportation. 
 
 Such is the summary of a story which divided 
 the country into two parties, called, the Egyptians 
 and the Canningites. Canning's was, however, 
 the popular party, and the mob was zealously 
 attached to her interest ; violent outrages occur- 
 red ; the Lord Mayor insulted and his Avindows 
 broken, and even his life threatened. Several 
 hundred pounds Avere subscribed by the friends 
 and partizans of Canning previously to her 
 leaving for America, whither she was allowed to 
 transport herself, which enabled her to form a 
 very advantageous matrimonial alliance with a 
 planter there; she died about the year 1773. 
 In concluding this brief sketch of so excitable 
 an event, it may lie well to add that some idea
 
 ■S7 
 
 can "be formed of the vast amount of controversy 
 and bitter feeling that existed, upon this subject 
 "when it is stated that upwards of forty pamphlets 
 were published, each one defending with ec[ual 
 warmth the side of their particular party ; there 
 were also a great number of prints of Canning, 
 Wells, and Squires, the gipsey. 
 
 The Plague at Enfield. 
 
 In an account of the plague at Enfield, taken 
 from Mr. Pegge's "Observations on the Plague," 
 dated October, 1778, he says of the plague of 
 1603, one hundred and eighty persons died, of 
 whom seventy-one were women. 
 
 In the plague of 1626, sixty-seven persons 
 died, including twenty-six women. In that of 
 1665, fifty-five died, hence the first of these 
 periods was more fatal than the last, though 
 distinguished in our chronicles by the name of 
 the Great Plague. 
 
 In the year 1593, fifty-seven died of the 
 plague ; in 1594, two ; in 1609, thirteen. Of 
 the plagiie in 1625, sixty-seven died, of whom 
 twenty-six were women. In 1631, five; in 1636, 
 three; in 1637, ten; in 1642, only one; in 1645, 
 five ; in 1647, seven.
 
 28 
 Markets. 
 
 King Edward I. by a Charter, dated 1304, 
 granted licence to Humphrey de Bohun and 
 his wife (Elizabeth, Countess of Holland, and 
 the King's daughter) and their heirs, to hold a 
 weekly market on Mondays, at Enfield. 
 
 James I., also, by writ of Privy Council, dated 
 the 17th of April, 1619, granted to certain parties 
 therein named, and their assigns, one market in 
 Enfield every Saturday. It appears that the 
 latter grant, established a Court of Pie Poudre, 
 and all liberties, free customs, tolls, stallage &c. 
 a market-house, shambles, shops, and stalls, in 
 trust for the poor. The site of the market-place 
 with the market-house and the profits, and the 
 houses formerly standing on the west side, belong 
 to the Parish, and are vested in Trustees for the 
 benefit of the poor. The market, however, from 
 various causes fell into decay ; several attempts 
 have subsequently been made to revive it, the 
 last of which, about twenty years ago, also proved 
 a failure. It has again fallen into desuetude, and 
 will probably never again be revived. 
 
 The present elegant Market Cross was erected 
 by subscription, in 1826, at a cost exceeding 
 £200, from the design of the late Mr. John
 
 29 
 
 Hill. It is to be regretted tliat this Cross, with 
 inscriptions recording the grants and dates of 
 the markets and fairs, has been wilfully injured 
 by boys throwing stones and otherwise defacing 
 it ; no authorities interfering to stay such wanton 
 destruction of that which otherwise might be a 
 lasting ornament to the market-place. 
 
 Fairs. 
 
 There are two Fairs held annually ; the first 
 is on the 23rd and 24th of September ; this fair 
 was formerly of some importance as a kind of 
 mart for the sale of merchandize, but it has, like 
 fairs in general, gradually dwindled doAvn and 
 altered in character ; it is now merely a small 
 country fair for the sale of toys, gingerbread, and 
 other articles, interspersed with a few shows and 
 itinerant theatricals. 
 
 The other Fair is held on St. Andrew's day, 
 the oOth of November, for the sale of cattle, 
 horses, and pigs ; formerly it was celebrated as 
 a large cheese fair, immense qu.antities of which 
 were brought from Essex and other places, so 
 much so that the shops and inns were filled with 
 it, but that has ceased ; it is chiefly resorted to 
 now by hor&e dealers and cattle jobbers.
 
 so 
 
 Races. 
 
 Enfield Races were first established about the 
 year 1788 ; they were then held on the marshes, 
 at the bottom of Green-street, and were carried 
 on for some years ; but, failing in interest, they 
 were subsequently discontinued. Through the 
 exertions of some gentlemen of Tottenham and 
 Edmonton, they were revived again in 1816 and 
 1817; they were then held on the marshes near 
 Mr. George's mill ; and a few years afterwards 
 on the marshes near Enfield-lock. None have 
 taken place since. 
 
 It was at these races, in the year 1789, that 
 the notorious pick-pocket, George Barrington, 
 was apprehended for robbing Henry Hare 
 Townsend, Esq., (a gentleman living at Enfield) 
 of his gold watch, in the subscription booth on 
 the race course, for which he was tried, 
 convicted, and sentenced to be transported for 
 seven years to Botany Bay. Being a man of 
 some education and endowed with considerable 
 abilities, he obtained and filled a very lucrative 
 situation at the new settlement, and became a 
 reformed character. He remained after the time 
 of his captivity, and died there. His real name 
 was Waldion.
 
 31 
 
 Privileges and Exemptions. 
 
 There is a singular document in existence, 
 with reference to Fairs and Markets. There 
 Avas originally a grant by Richard II., and 
 subsequently confirmed by Henry IV. and VI., 
 and other Monarchs down to George III., a 
 copy of which can be had on application to the 
 Steward of the Duchy of Lancaster, which 
 exempts the inhabitants of Enfield from toll, 
 pannage, passage, lastage, tallage, tollage, 
 carriage, pesage, picage, and terrage, for their 
 goods, wares, and, merchandizes, in all fairs, 
 markets, villages, and other places throughout 
 England, (out of the Duchy of Lancaster, in 
 the County of Middlesex,) It is stated however, 
 that this exemption has been resisted in Covent- 
 garden and Whitechapel markets. 
 
 There was also a charter of exemption from 
 arrest, granted by Richard I., but it has not 
 been acted upon for many years, and is now 
 considered obsolete. 
 
 An exemption from toll at Warebridge was 
 also granted to the inhabitants of Enfield by 
 Queen Elizabeth, and subsec|ucntly confirmed 
 by George III. All these charters arc preserved 
 among the parish records.
 
 S2 
 Manors, Courts-Leet, Coiirts-Baron, &e. 
 
 The following is a list of the Manors for 
 which Courts-leet and Courts-baron are held on 
 particular days for the purpose of settling all 
 fines, heriotts, services, reliefs, profits, perqui- 
 sites of courts, waters, waste grounds, fisheries, 
 royalties, liberties, franchises, &c., viz. — 
 
 The Manor of Enfield. 
 
 The Manor of Durants, or Durant's Harbour. 
 
 The Manor of Elsynge, alias Xorris, or North 
 
 Farm. 
 The Manor of Suffolks. 
 The Manor of Honylands and Pcntrichcs, 
 
 alias Capels. 
 The Manor of Goldbeaters. 
 The Manor of Worcesters, called afterwards 
 
 Wroth's Place — and 
 The Rectory Manor. 
 
 A full and very interesting description of these 
 ancient and Royal Manors was published by 
 Dr. Robinson, in his " History of Enfield," in 
 in which he gives a particular and detailed 
 account of each family, their pedigree, &c.
 
 33 
 Divisions of the Parish. 
 
 The parish is divided into four quarters, viz. — 
 the Town, Chase, Bull's Cross, and Green-street 
 and Ponder's-end. 
 
 1. — The Town quarter comprises The Town, 
 Baker-street, Clay-hill, Brigadier-hill, and the 
 property on the east of the Chase-side-road. 
 
 2. — The Chase quarter comprises the Chase 
 land and the property westward of the Chase- 
 side-road. 
 
 3. — The Bull's Cross quarter comprises Forty- 
 hill, Turkey-street, Enfield- wash, Bull's Moor- 
 lane. Bull's Cross, White Webbs, and the 
 northern part of the parish, extending to 
 Cattle-gate. 
 
 4. — The Green-street and Ponder's-end quarter 
 comprises the Loudon and AVare turnpike-road, 
 commencing at the southern boundary of the 
 parish, and terminating at Enfield-wash, in- 
 cluding South-street and Green-street, and the 
 marsh land,
 
 34 
 Places of Note. 
 
 There are many places of note in Enfield, 
 which, from their historical associations, are 
 subjects of much interest, but only a brief 
 sketch of a few of them can be given in this 
 little work, the following are therefore selected 
 from the most interesting : — 
 
 CLAYSMORE. 
 
 This was formerly the residence of Mrs. Hume, 
 and afterwards of Edward Harman, Esq., it is 
 now the property of J. W. Bosanquet, Esq. 
 The grounds around the mansion are extensive 
 and picturesque, intersected by the New River, 
 which is considerably widened opposite the 
 house, and is called " The Lake." In this house 
 there is a choice collection of paintings, by John 
 Hill, who was the designer of the handsome 
 picture gallery. 
 
 CAPEL HOUSE. 
 
 This house is situate at Bull's-cross, built by 
 a Mr. Hamilton, on the site of one of the out- 
 officcs of the Palace of James I. at Theobalds. 
 It was formerly the residence of Mr. Boddam's 
 family. It is now the property and residence 
 of Jamcii A\''arrcn, Esq.
 
 35 
 
 GOUGH PARK. 
 
 This was the residence of the celebrated scholar 
 and antiquary, Richard Gough, Esq., it is situated 
 at the upper end of Baker-street, where may 
 still be seen, on the top of the house, two Cranes, 
 which formed part of the arms of the Gough 
 family. It contains a marble chimney-piece from 
 the state parlour of Theobald's House, (the room 
 in which King James I. died,) purchased by 
 Mr. Gough, and placed in his library. There 
 are also some good specimens of stained glass in 
 the windows. The house is now the property of 
 W. D. Child, Esq. 
 
 DU RANTS, OR DURANCE HARBOUR. 
 
 The ancient manor house of Durants stood 
 between Ponder 's-end and Green-street. It was 
 moated, and had an avenue of trees leading up 
 to it, but was burned down many years ago, at 
 an annual meeting of the tenants, by imprudently 
 heaping up large logs of wood on the hall fire. 
 The entrance to this house was by a large gate- 
 way, with a postern, sided by extensive barns, 
 stables, and other offices, over a bridge of two
 
 36 
 
 arches, which are now standing. Tradition says 
 that the notorious Judge Jeffreys resided here, 
 and the picture gallery contained two or three 
 portraits of that celebrated personage. The 
 extensive barns denote its having been a place 
 of some consequence, and the inference naturally 
 drawn from an examination of them would be 
 that they were used as a kind of barracks for 
 soldiers, probably needed by Jeffreys for the 
 protection of his person and property in those 
 days. Durant's Harbour has long been the 
 property of the Connop family. 
 
 ELSYNGE HALL, ALIAS ENFIELD HOUSE. 
 
 This hall, or house, took its name from one 
 of the family of Elsynge, who had a manor 
 adjoining to that of AYorcesters ; it was built, 
 originally, by one of the family ; afterwards 
 purchased either by Wroths or Tiptofts, and 
 rebuilt by the Earl of AVorcester ; it was, also, 
 successively, the property of the Cecils. The 
 Earl of "Rutland, conveyed it to King Henry 
 VII. ; it became afterwards the property of the 
 Earl of Pembroke, to whom it was conveyed by 
 King Charles, in 1641 ; it then bore the name
 
 37 
 
 of Enfield House,* and is tlic honso ppoken 
 of by Camden and Norden, as being Queen 
 Elizabeth's, and where she often resided. It 
 has long since been pulled down, and near its 
 site stands Forty Hall. 
 
 FORTY HALL. 
 
 About the time that Sir Nicholas Raynton 
 purchased the manor of Worcesters, he became 
 possessed of a copyhold house, described in the 
 survey of the Manor of Enfield, in 1635, as 
 " some time Hugh Fortee's, and late Sir Thomas 
 Gurney's." This house, Avhich, it is said, 
 occupies the site of a palace belonging to 
 Edward VI. and subsequently the residence of 
 Queen Elizabeth, was built by Sir Hugh Fortee, 
 (hence it should be called Fortee Hall), between 
 the years 1629 and 1632. It has long been 
 
 * The following advertisement, which was published a few- 
 years after the death of the Earl of Pembroke, must refer to 
 this house: — '^ At Evfidd House are several wholesome baths 
 erected, wet and dry, cold and moist, for several diseases ; the 
 rates are easy, and the price low. Let them rejxiir to the Coach 
 and Horses, Drury-lane, where they shcdl have speedy passatje 
 every day. The coachman's name is Richard How." — Perfect 
 Passages, Oct. 22, 1632.
 
 38 
 
 known by its present name, and since its union 
 with the manor of Worcesters, has been con- 
 sidered the Manor-house ; it was formerly called 
 Wroth's-place. The house was repaired and 
 modernized by the Wolstenholmes, in 1700 ; 
 the old gate-way to the stables is still standing. 
 This house was, for many years, the property 
 and residence of Eliab Breton, Esq., whose 
 family were settled in Northamptonshire, in the 
 time of Elizabeth, Mr. Breton came into pos- 
 session of this property by marrying the heiress 
 of the Raynton and Wolstenholme families; he 
 died in 1785. The estate in Enfield contained 
 upwards of 1800 acres of land, and was said to 
 be the finest in Middlesex ; it was sold in 1787, 
 and produced upwards of £50,000. Forty Hall 
 was built by Inigo Jones ; it commands beautiful 
 views of Waltham-abbey and that part of Essex 
 in its immediate vicinity. The grounds are 
 adorned with a fine sheet of water, and are 
 beautifully laid out. There is still in the house 
 a fine painting of Sir Nicholas Raynton, in the 
 costume of an Alderman of London, who has 
 passed the Chair, after the style of Vandyke, in 
 1G43, supposed to be by Dobson, who was his 
 pupil. There was also, in the time of Mr. 
 Breton, a fine original portrait of Dr. Harvey,
 
 39 
 
 the celebrated anatomist and discoverer of tlic 
 circulation of the blood ; this picture was not 
 preserved by Mr. Harvey Breton, but allowed 
 to be sold, at the time of the sale of the effects of 
 Eliab Breton, his father. After Mr. Breton's 
 death, the house and lands passed into the 
 possession, by purchase, of Edmund Armstrong, 
 Esq., and was subsequently purchased by the 
 late James Meyer, Esq., whose grandson, James 
 Meyer, Esq., the Lord of the Manor and Justice 
 of the Peace, now inherits the property. There 
 is a very valuable collection of paintings at 
 Forty Hall. 
 
 WHITE WEBBS' HOUSE. 
 
 In 1570 Queen Elizabeth granted a manor 
 called White Webbs' House, to Robert Huicke, 
 Esq., her physician. This house was, in 1G53, 
 the property of Dr. Bockenham, and afterwards 
 came into the family of Garnault, and was pulled 
 down about 1790. Tradition says that White 
 Webbs' House was hired by the consjoirators of 
 the Powder Plot, for the purpose of watching the 
 signal of their success ; the following paragraph, 
 having reference to the event, occurs in " the 
 Works of that high and mighty Prince James I."
 
 40 
 
 in the disooiirsc on the GimpoAvtler Treason : — 
 " Meanwhile INIr. Fawkes and myselfc alone, 
 (Winter's confession) brought some new powder, 
 as suspecting the first to be danke, and conveyed 
 it into the cellar, and set it in order, as we 
 resolved it should stand. Then was the Parlia- 
 ment anew prorogued until the 5th of November, 
 so as we all went down until some ten days 
 before, when Mr. Catesby came up with Mr, 
 Fawkes to an house by Enfield-chase, called 
 White Wcbbes, Avhither I came to them, and 
 Mr, Catesby willed me to enquire whether the 
 young Prince came to the Parliament : I tolde 
 him I heard that His Grace thought not to be 
 there. Then must wee have our horses, said 
 Mr, Catesby, beyond the water, and provision of 
 more company to surprise the Prince, and leave 
 the Duke alone." The present mansion, known 
 as AVhitc Webbs House, was built by the late 
 Dr. Wilkinson, on the farm called White Webbs 
 Farm, which was formerly part of the property 
 of the late Mr. Breton, and purchased by the 
 Doctor. It is noAv occupied by one of his 
 grandsons, Henry Wilkinson, Esq. The Estate 
 occupies about sixty-eight acres of land, and a 
 very extensive wood.
 
 41 
 
 TRENT PLACE, OR TRENT PARK. 
 
 This beautiful villa is situated on Enfield- 
 chase. When the Chase was disforested, two 
 lots were bought by Sir Richard Jebb, Bart., 
 physician to George III. ; he converted them 
 into a delightful park of about 200 acres. He 
 also built an elegant villa, to which he gave 
 the name of Trent Place, in commemoration of 
 his successful medical treatment of the Duke of 
 Gloucester, while seriously ill at Trent, the 
 capital of a bishopric, at the foot of the Alps. 
 At the death of Sir Richard Jebb, it was 
 purchased by the Earl of Cholmondeley. It 
 became, successively, the property of John 
 Wigston, Esq., Sir Henry Lushington, Bart., 
 and John Gumming, Esq. It is now the 
 property of R. G. L. Bevan, Esq., the eminent 
 banker of London. 
 
 BEECH HILL. 
 
 Francis Russell, Esq., who was Secretary to 
 the Duchy Court of Lancaster, and who had the 
 merit of first suggesting the plan for enclosing 
 Enfield-chase, purchased a tract of the enclosure 
 called Beech Hill, on which he built a house for 
 his own residence. Mr. Russell, in addition to 
 
 D
 
 drawing up the Bill for enclosing the Chase, 
 rendered a great benefit to the proprietors of 
 allotments, by a practical example of their proper 
 management. His exertions in favour of good 
 husbandry were seconded by those of George 
 Byng, Esq. M.P. and Dr. Wilkinson. Mr. Russell 
 ornamented the grounds with extensive plantations 
 and shrubberies ; — he died in 1795. It was 
 recently the property of the late Archibald 
 Paris, Esq. 
 
 MYDDELTON HOUSE. 
 
 This house is situated at Bull's-cross, opposite 
 Turkey-street ; on its site there formerly stood a 
 house known as Bowling Green House. The 
 property was purchased, in 1724, by Michael 
 Garnault, Esq. After several successions in the 
 Garnault family, it became the property of 
 Henry Carington Bowles, Esq. F. S. A., by 
 marriage with the sister of Daniel Garnault, Esq. 
 It subsequently fell to his son, the late H. C. 
 Bowles, Esq., and is now the property and 
 residence of his nephew, H. C. B. Bowles, Esq. 
 The house is named in honour of Sir Hugh 
 Myddelton, Knight and Baronet, the original 
 projector of the New River, who had a residence 
 near this spot.
 
 48 
 
 ENFIELD OLD PARK. 
 
 " In the early surveys of the Manor of Enfield, 
 the Old Park (so called in contradistinction from 
 the Little Park or New Park, near White-webbs) 
 is sometimes called the Frith, and sometimes 
 ^ Parens Intrinsecus,' or the Home Park, to dis- 
 tinguish it from the Chase, which was called 
 ' Parens Extrinsecus,' and sometimes the Great 
 Park." — Iiobinso7i' s Hist, of Enfield. 
 
 " It was formerly the home park of the ancient 
 Royal Palace of Eniield, where Queen Elizabeth 
 resided before she came to the throne, and where, 
 in the early part of her reign, she frequently held 
 her Court. The park, with ' the hop garden ' 
 and ' warren,' was granted by Charles II. to 
 George Monk, first Duke df Albermarle, in 1660, 
 It was bequeathed by Christopher, the second 
 Duke, together with the whole of his great 
 estates, to his cousin and godson, Christopher 
 Hawlinson, Esq. of Cark-hall, Lancashire, (son 
 of Curwen Rawlinson, M.P. for Lancaster, who 
 married Elizabeth, daughter of Nicholas Monk, 
 Bishop of Hereford) — in the event of his sur- 
 viving the Duchess. Her Grace being taken ill, 
 Mr. Rawlinson was called to London, but was 
 seized by the small-pox on the road, and died
 
 44 
 
 one month before the Duchess. The property 
 thus escheated to the Crown ; it was again 
 granted, by King William, in the first year of 
 his reign, to the Earl of Rutland. The house 
 appears, from the survey of 1650, to have been 
 then a Ranger's Lodge ; and from the remains of 
 massive foundations, in every direction, must 
 have been of considerable extent; but the greater 
 part of the original structure has long since been 
 pulled down, and the remainder transformed into 
 a comparatively modern residence.* 
 
 The park is richly wooded with oaks, the 
 growth of centuries, from which three hundred 
 and ninety-seven were selected and felled for 
 the Navy, in the time of the Commonwealth. 
 
 The lawn, in front of the house, is mentioned 
 by Camden as the site of an ancient Roman 
 Oppidum, and is surrounded on three sides by a 
 circular entrenchment, from Avhich various 
 interesting relics have, at difierent times, been 
 obtained," — Burke's Landed Gentry and Visit- 
 ation. 
 
 Enfield Old Park is now the property and 
 residence of Edward Ford, Esq., J. P. 
 
 * There still remain in the Library the original open 
 chimney and hearth, with fire dogs, and a curious old 
 " reredos," with figures of the time of James I.
 
 45 
 
 THE LODGES ON THE CHASE. 
 
 There were four ancient Lodges on the Chase^ 
 called respectively East Bailey, West Bailey, 
 South Bailey, and North Bailey. These Lodges 
 were the residences of persons of note connected 
 with the Government or the Duchy of Lancaster, 
 some of whom were Chancellors of that Court. 
 These Lodges were also used as hunting seats 
 during the time of Queen Elizabeth, King 
 James I., and Charles IL ; three of them still 
 remain. Among the celebrated men who have 
 occupied these Lodges were the Lord Chancellor 
 Loughborough, created afterwards Earl of Boss- 
 lyn, and the Right Honorable William Pitt, 
 afterwards Earl of Chatham; to the latter, the 
 South Lodge was left, together with a legacy 
 of £10,000.* The East Lodge was formerly 
 
 * A pleasant stoiy is told of the gi-eat Chatham, who desired 
 the owner of a windmill, which stood on a post on the top of 
 Windmill-hill, to paint the whole body moving to the face of 
 the wind, on that side next South Lodge, at his expense. The 
 miller did so, but when his Lordship looked out of the window 
 and saw the windmill not painted, he sent for the miller, who 
 declared it had been done agreeably to his Lordship's direction. 
 The Earl pointed to the mill, when the miller informed him 
 that the wind had changed, but that he was quite ready to paint 
 that side also on the same terms! The mill in question was 
 pulled down many years tigo, and the proKent one erected on 
 its site
 
 46 
 
 occupied by the family of the Hon. William 
 Fullarton Elphinstone. North Lodge was the 
 residence of Mr. Chambers, the Banker ; and 
 afterwards of Fulke Greville, Esq. This Lodge 
 is now in the occupation of Charles King, Esq. 
 
 THE OLD PALACE OK (mANOR HOUSE). 
 
 This very ancient structure was built by Sir 
 Thomas Lovell, Knight of the Garter and Privy 
 Councillor to King Henry YII. Notwithstanding 
 the great number of alterations it has undergone, 
 one of the large rooms on the ground floor still 
 remains in its original state, with oak panels, 
 and a richly ornamented ceiling, with pendant 
 ornaments of the crown, the rose, and the^ewr- 
 de-lis. The chimney-piece is richly carved and 
 embellished with foliage and birds, and supported 
 by columns of the Ionic and Corinthian orders, 
 and decorated with the rose and portcullis 
 crowned, and the arms of France and England, 
 quarterly, with a garter, and the Royal supporters 
 a lion and a dragon, underneath which is the 
 motto "sola salvs servire. t)EO : svnt 
 CJETERA fravdes."* The letters E. R. arc on 
 
 * Our only security is to seiTC God ; aught else is vanity.
 
 47 
 
 this chimney-piece, and were formerly on the 
 wings of the principal building ; they may apply 
 either to Elizahetha Regina, or Edioardus Rex. 
 In the same room the part of another chimney- 
 piece, with compartments, is preserved, which 
 was removed from one of the upper apartments, 
 with nearly the same ornaments as the other ; it 
 is placed in the wainscot over the door, and has 
 the following motto on the one side : — " vt ros 
 svPER HERBAM," and on the other — " est bexe- 
 voLENTiA REGIS," — alluding, no doubt, to the 
 royal grant. Several of the upper rooms are 
 decorated in a similar manner to those below. 
 
 In the year 1543, " on New-year's Day, the 
 noble Scottish prisoners departed from London 
 towards Scotland, and roade to Enfield, to see 
 the Prince, and dined there that day, greatly 
 rejoicing." 
 
 It appears the Queen leased the jManor-house 
 (the Palace), in the year 1582 to Henry Middle- 
 more, Esq. for fifty-one years, and that it did not 
 revert to the Crown during her reign. From 
 1600 to 1660 the Manor-house was tenanted by 
 several families of distinction, among whom were 
 Lord William Howard, Sir Nicholas Raynton, 
 and Sir Thomas Trevor, one of the Barons of 
 the Exchequer. About 1660 this house was let
 
 48 
 
 to Dr. Robert Uvedale, master of the Grammar 
 School, who, being much attached to the study 
 of botany, had a very curious garden contiguous 
 to it, in "which he had a very large and choice 
 collection of exotics. Among others he had a 
 cedar tree, from Lebanon, planted by himself, 
 which since has become very celebrated for its 
 extreme beauty and size. Although it has 
 suffered from storms and high winds, it is still a 
 magnificent tree ; it was destined to be grubbed 
 up by the late Dr. Callaway, soon after he 
 purchased the Old Palace ; but at the earnest 
 request of the late Mr. Gough and Dr. Sherweu, 
 the tree was spared. It forms a conspicuous 
 object, and may be seen from many parts of 
 Enfield. 
 
 In 1792 a great part of the original Palace 
 was pulled down, and several dwelling houses 
 built on its site. It formerly stood on the south 
 side of the street, opposite the Church and 
 Market-place, in that part of the Town then 
 called Enjield-green, and consisted of a centre 
 and two wings fronting the west, with bay- 
 windows and high gabels. The wings were 
 decorated with the arms of England, and sup- 
 ported by a lion and dragon, with E.R, at the 
 sides. That portion of this ancient structure
 
 49 
 
 which now remains, comprises, among others^ 
 the spacious apartment on the ground floor, 
 (before mentioned) which evidently constituted 
 one of the principal rooms of the Princess, with 
 that part of the garden in which the famous 
 cedar still flourishes. The Palace was for many 
 years kept by the late Dr. Thomas May, as a 
 first-class boarding school ; it still maintains its 
 reputation, and is, at the present time, in the 
 possession of Messrs. Barker and Son. 
 
 Some Account of Q,ueen Elizabeth at 
 Enfield. 
 
 At the time of King Henry VIII.'s death, the 
 Princess Elizabeth was residing at Enfield, and 
 her brother Edward (afterwards Edward VI.) at 
 Hertford, from whence he was brousrht the next 
 day (January 30, 1546-7,) to Enfield ; he was 
 then first made acquainted with the death of the 
 King, his father. He kept his Court, at Enfield 
 till the last day of June, when he removed to 
 London. 
 
 It is not improbable that the Princess's resi- 
 dence was at the Manor-house, or it might have 
 been at Elsynge-hall, which was then in the 
 hands of the Crown ; the Manor-house was not
 
 50 
 
 in the immediate possession of the Royal family ; 
 it was fitted up for the reception of the Princess 
 in the fifth year of Edward VI. 
 
 When the Princess became Queen she fre- 
 quently visited Enfield, and kept her Court 
 there in the early part of her reign. She was at 
 Enfield from September 8th to 22nd, in 1561, 
 and from July 25th to 30th, in 1564. The 
 Court Avas here again on July 25th, 1568. 
 Some years after her accession to the throne 
 she quitted the Manor-house, and fixed her 
 residence at Elsynge-hall. 
 
 In April, 1557, " the Princess was escorted from 
 Hatfield-hall (Hatfield-house) to Enfield-chase, 
 by a retinue of twelve ladies, in white satin, on 
 ambling palfries, and twenty yeomen, in green, 
 on horseback, that Her Grace might hunt the 
 hart. On entering the Chase she was met by 
 fifty archers, in scarlet boots and yellow caps, 
 armed with gilded bows, each of whom presented 
 her with a silver-headed arrow, winged with 
 peacocks' feathers ; and by way of closing the 
 sports, the Princess was gratified with the privi- 
 lege of cutting the throat of a buck .'" 
 
 The Earl of Monmouth (Robert Carey), 
 speaking of events which happened in 1596, 
 says, " the Queen came from Theobalds to
 
 51 
 
 Enfield-house to dinner, and after dinner she 
 had toils set up in the park to shoot at the 
 buck." The park here mentioned was, un- 
 doubtedly, the new park, and the house Elsynge- 
 hall, otherwise called Enfield-house, which was 
 then in the hands of the Crown. 
 
 A letter of Queen Elizabeth is to be found in 
 the British Museum, dated from Enfield, (in 
 Latin) Feb. 14, but the year is omitted ; there 
 is also preserved in the Bodleian Library, at 
 Oxford, a translation of an Italian sermon, with a 
 dedication, presented, as a New-year's gift, to her 
 brother King Edward VL, dated from Enfield, 
 but also without the year being stated. In the 
 '' Progresses of Queen Elizabeth," it is stated 
 that she had a partiality for visiting Enfield, 
 probably from her early associations and con- 
 nections therewith, having spent much time with 
 her brother Edward, at Elsynge-hall, which had 
 been bought by Henry VIII. as a nursery for 
 his children. 
 
 Visit of dueen Margaret to Enfield. 
 
 In the year 1516, Sir Thomas Lovell, then 
 living at the Old Palace, was honored with a visit 
 by Margaret, Queen Dowager of Scots, sister to
 
 52 
 
 Henry VIII. The following passage is found in 
 a letter from Thomas Allen to the Earl of 
 Shrewsbury, dated 6th of May, 1518 : 
 
 " Upon Ascension-day, the Queen of Scots 
 came to Enfyld to Maister Treasurer's, and there 
 tarry'd, Thursday, Friday ; and upon Saturday 
 the King's grace met with her beside Totnam, at 
 Maister Compton's house." 
 
 Sir Thomas Lovell died at his house at Enfield, 
 May 25, 1524, and was buried in the Priory of 
 Holywell* within the chapel, founded by himself, 
 with great funeral pomp. At the close of a long 
 description of these ceremonies, the following 
 curious items occur : — 
 
 " FIMS." 
 
 " Item. — It is remembered, that the day he 
 came from Enfyld to Holywell, ther folloAved a 
 carte with ale and torches, for to refresche the 
 poore people, and the torches were renewen by 
 the way." 
 
 " Item. — Ther was every day, while he was at 
 Enfylde, 200 poore folks, and them that had 
 pence a-piece, and bread and meat." 
 
 " Item. — Ther was said the day of his buryall 
 at Holywell, 140 masses." 
 
 * In Shoreditch.
 
 53 
 
 " Item. — Ther was served that day to people 
 that were ther 400 messes of mete and above." 
 
 Sir Thomas Lovell, by his will, dated October 
 14th, 1522, gave the Manor of Worcesters to 
 Thomas Manners Lord Ros, (afterwards first 
 Duke of Rutland,) who married Elizabeth, 
 daughter of Sir Robert Lovell, his brother. 
 
 Title of Baron of Enfield. 
 
 The first Baron of Enfield was William Henry 
 Zuleistein, (first Earl of Rochford), afterwards 
 created Baron of Enfield, Viscount Tunbridge, 
 and Earl of Rochford, by King William, for his 
 eminent services both in Ireland and Flanders, 
 particularly at the battle of Landen, on the 29th 
 of July, 1693, where His Majesty was in the 
 utmost danger, his enemies surrounding him on 
 all sides, the Earl of Rochford distinguished 
 himself by his gallant behaviour, and was 
 wounded and taken prisoner. The date of the 
 letters patent is May 10, 1695. The title has 
 descended to several other Noblemen, by inter- 
 marriages. The last Baron of Enfield was 
 Viscount Tunbridge, sixth Earl of Rochford. 
 The present successor to the title and honours is 
 George Stevens Byng, Viscount Enfield, (nephew
 
 54 
 
 of the late George Byng, Esq. M. P. for tlie 
 County of Middlesex, for upwards of half a 
 century,) whose vast estates have, by will, 
 become the property of the Viscount. 
 
 Illustrious Names. 
 
 The following is a list of some of the distin- 
 guished names Avhich have done honour to 
 Enfield, in " olden times :" — 
 
 DUKES. 
 
 Duke of Buckingham and Chandos. 
 Duke of Lancaster. 
 
 LOKD CHANCELLORS. 
 
 Burleigh. | Loughborough. 
 
 Essex. 
 Warwick. 
 Worcester. 
 Northampton. 
 
 De E.OS. 
 
 De Mandeville. 
 
 EARLS. 
 
 Chatham. 
 
 Derby. 
 
 Rutland. 
 
 LORDS. 
 
 Wm. Howard. 
 
 Ilunsdon. 
 
 Manners. 
 
 Salisbury. 
 Leicester. 
 Fortescue. 
 Rochford. 
 
 Maynard. 
 Rich.
 
 55 
 
 BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL NOTICES 
 
 OF 
 
 EMINENT INDIVIDUALS 
 
 Who have distinguished themselves in Religion, 
 Literature, Science, and Politics, horn in, or 
 associated ivith Enfield. 
 
 ROBERT UVEDALE, LL.B, 
 
 This is a name of celebrity in the annals of 
 Enfield. Dr. Uvedale was born in 1642, elected 
 Fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge; and was 
 appointed Rector of Orpington and St. Mary Cray, 
 in Kent, to which valuable living he was collated 
 by Archbishop Tillotson, who was his intimate 
 friend, as was also the celebrated Dr. Stanhope, 
 Dean of Canterbury. About the year 1660, 
 Dr. Uvedale, who was then Master of the Free 
 Grammar School, took a lease of the Manor 
 House (the Palace), where he so successfully 
 pursued his studies in Botany that a plant was 
 named TJvedalia* out of compliment to him. 
 It is recorded of this learned and scientific 
 
 * Pultaey's Anecdotes of Botany.
 
 56 
 
 gentleman, that during the Plague, he caused 
 a brick to be made red hot and vinegar poured 
 upon it ; and placing it on the hall floor, the 
 whole family standing around, inhaled the steam 
 therefrom ; they then went to prayers, and 
 afterwards, closing up the house, walked to 
 Winchmore-hill, and then returned to school. 
 By this precaution not one of the family caught 
 the infection. In the British Museum there are 
 still preserved fifteen letters from Dr. Uvedale to 
 to Sir Hans Sloane, also several to other eminent 
 men of his time. He was related, by marriage, 
 to Sir Matthew Hale, Lord Chief Justice of 
 the King's Bench. He died in 1722, and was 
 buried at Enfield. The family was one of great 
 antiquity in the West of England. 
 
 ROBERT rVEDALE, D.D. 
 
 Son of the preceeding, was Vicar of Enfield 
 from 1T21 to 1731. A descendant, who held 
 some Church preferment, in Lincolnshire, had 
 a document of importance relating to Enfield, 
 which he presented to the late INIr. Gough, the 
 celebrated Scholar and Antiquarian, but the par- 
 ticulars of that document have not transpired.
 
 57 
 
 THOMAS HOLT WHITE. 
 
 He was likewise a Politician and Author. He 
 published an edition of Milton's " Areopagitlca," 
 and other Works. He was a gentleman and an 
 accomplished scholar^ — the intimate friend of 
 Sir Francis Burdett^ Home Tooke, and other 
 great political reformers of that day. He resided 
 many years on his estate at Enfield. 
 
 RICHARD GOUGH, F.R.S. F.S.A. &c. 
 
 This eminent Antiquary and Scholar was the 
 eon of Harry Gough, Esq./ of Perry-hall, M.P. 
 and a Director of the East India Company, who 
 purchased an estate at Enfield, in 1723. Mr. 
 Richard Gough succeeded to this estate on the 
 death of his mother, and resided here until his 
 death, in 1809. His Antiquarian Works are 
 well known, particularly his valuable edition of 
 "Camden" and his "Sepulchral Monuments." His 
 extensive libraiy of valuable books he bequeathed 
 to the Bodleian Library, at Oxford. It is rather 
 singular that there should not be a portrait of 
 this celebrated antiquarian. There is, however, 
 a black profile of Mr. Gough, taken by Schneb- 
 belie, in 1789, said to be a good likeness of him 
 at that time. The family is very ancient. 
 
 E
 
 58 
 
 Mr. Gough was buried in Wonnley Church, 
 Herts., where, in the chancel, on a marble tablet, 
 is inscribed the following elegant Latin epitaph, 
 written by himself: — 
 
 Hunc prope parietem 
 
 Reliquias siias condi voluit 
 
 EicHARDus Gough, 
 
 antiqua stirpe ortus : 
 
 Ex heroibiis qui in bellis Gallicis et 
 
 civilibus claris 
 
 gloriam, 
 
 Ex Mercatoribus IStapula^ Calesia; India;que Orientalis * 
 
 divitias, 
 
 dedixxit. 
 
 Patrine amorem, erga Regcs fidem, 
 
 Lcgum Antiquitatumque patriae peritiam, 
 
 ex atavis consangiiineisque derivatara, 
 
 constanter coluit. 
 
 Hascc investigandi cupiditatis innatiE 
 
 testimonia habeto 
 
 Topographiam Brilanirani, 
 
 GuUelmi Camdeni Britannicam lienovatam, 
 
 Monumenta Sepulchralia Magncs Britannice illustrata. 
 
 Abi, lector, ncc vanitatcs insimulcs. 
 
 Obiit XX die mcnsis Februavii, Anno Domini 
 
 MUCCCIX. 
 
 »tat. Lxxiv. 
 
 * Signifies Staple Merchants of Calais and the East Indies. 
 The whole of the above inscri))tion is given as it is on the tablet.
 
 59 
 
 SIR NATHANIEL DANCE. 
 
 This gentleman lived retired^ many years, at 
 Enfield. He had been a Captain of the Earl 
 Camden, in the Hon. East India Company's 
 Service; and during the War, in 1804, achieved 
 a gallant victory, in the China Seas, over a 
 French Squadron, and thereby saved a valuable 
 cargo belonging to the Company ; for which 
 brave and successful services he received the 
 honour of Knighthood, and a pension of £500 
 a year from the E. I. Company, 
 
 ISAAC D ISRAELI, D.C.L. 
 
 This celebrated writer was born at Enfield in 
 1776; he died in 1848. He was father of the 
 Kight Hon. Benjamin D'Israeli, M.P. for Bucks. 
 The works of Isaac D'Israeli are very numerous, 
 — written duringr a lonar life devoted to litera- 
 ture,-^ — amongst which may be mentioned " Essay 
 on the Literary Character," " Curiosities of 
 Literature," and " Commentaries on the Life 
 and Reign of Charles I." For this latter work 
 the University of Oxford conferred on him the 
 honorary degree of D.C.L., as being, to use the 
 words of their Public Orator, " an excellent 
 defender of an excellent King."
 
 60 
 
 MAJOR CARTWRIGHT. 
 
 He was a celebrated Politician and Writer, 
 (brother of George Cartwright, the Navigator) 
 and was well descended from an ancient family in 
 Nottinghamshire. The venerable Major resided 
 several years at Enfield. After an eventful life 
 he died at the advanced age of eighty-five, and 
 was buried at Finchley, in Middlesex. He was 
 author of many political pamphlets and other 
 works. His " Life and Correspondence " were 
 published by his niece, in two volumes. He 
 was a particular friend of T. Holt White, Esq. 
 
 SAMUEL HARDY, M.A. 
 
 Mr. Hardy was formerly of Emanuel College, 
 Cambridge. In 1762 he was appointed INIastcr 
 of the Enfield Free Grammar School, and was 
 also the Lecturer to the Parish Church. He was 
 author of "An Answer to Chubb's Essay concerning 
 Redemption," " The Lidispensible Necessity of 
 Constantly Celebrating the Christian Sacrifices," 
 " A Sermon on the Eucharist," a volume of 
 *' Discourses on the Principal Prophecies of the 
 Old and New Testament," "A Paraphrase on the
 
 61 
 
 Epistle to tlie Hebrews/' and " A Vindication of 
 Subscription to the Thirty-nine Articles." He 
 died in 1793, and was buried at Tottenham. 
 
 PETER HARDY. 
 
 The name of Peter Hardy, like that of the 
 celebrated Dr. Uvedale, is as familiar in the 
 mouths of the older inhabitants of Enfield as a 
 household word. He was a presiding magistrate 
 for many years, and much esteemed in that 
 capacity, — he rendered himself particularly noted 
 by his untiring efforts to maintain the rights and 
 privileges of the parish. Great credit was given 
 him for the compilation of a work entitled " An 
 Account of the several Charities and Estates 
 belonging to the Parish of Enfield," which was 
 extracted from the Parish Pecords, and is, to a 
 certain extent, still considered as a text book and 
 work of reference ; he also wrote various tracts 
 on matters of importance in connection with the 
 Parish. Mr. Peter Hardy was formerly of His 
 Majesty's Guard (the Hon. Corps of Gentlemen 
 at Arms). He died in 1835, and was biiried at 
 Tottenham. So great was the respect entertained 
 for this gentleman that it was seriously contem- 
 plated raising a public monument to his memory. 
 He was brother to Mr. Samuel Hardv.
 
 6^ 
 
 OHARLES LAMB (ELIa). 
 
 This well-known Avritcr, as Essayist, Humourist, 
 Poet, and Dramatic Critic, retired on his pension 
 from the India House, and lived many years at 
 Chase-side, Enfield. It would be superfluous 
 here to state any thing more relative to the 
 author of '' Essays, by Elia," which alone will 
 hand his name down to posterity. 
 
 MISS LIXWOOI). 
 
 This celebrated artist in needlework, whose 
 labours in that beautiful style of art were inimit- 
 able, wrought many of the pictures which filled 
 her far-famed Gallery in Leisester-square, whilst 
 residing at Enfield wath her brother, the late 
 William LinAvood, Esq. 
 
 JOHN HILL. 
 
 He was a Carpenter and Builder, and Avas 
 distinguished as a self-taught Artist in Painting j 
 he designed the Picture Gallery at Claysmore, 
 in which were formerly several paintings of his 
 production. Wilkie paid Hill a visit, and told 
 him that some of his paintings were equal to his 
 own (Wilkie's) — no small compliment from the 
 President of the Roval Academy.
 
 63 
 
 THE BISHOP OF ST. DAVIDS. 
 
 The Right Rev. Conuop Thirlwall, D.D., who 
 reflects such honour on the Church of England, 
 as well as the high position in which he is held, 
 as a Scholar and Author of a History of Greece, 
 is a native of Enfield, where his father was a 
 Clersfvman. 
 
 KEATS, THE POET. 
 
 John Keats, the celebrated author of " Endy- 
 niion," " The Eve of St. Agnes," and other 
 Poems, received the rudiments of his education 
 at Messrs. May and Bluck's School, at Enfield, 
 (since converted into the Railway Station. J 
 
 PROFESSOR FOWNES, F.R.S. 
 
 The late George Fownes was Professor of 
 Practical Chemistry, in the University of London; 
 he was a pupil of Dr. May, at the Palace School, 
 Enfield. He died (too early, alas, for science) in 
 the Island of Barbadoes, whither he had gone to 
 try the efifect of a milder climate, — his health 
 having given way through excessive study.
 
 64 
 
 JOHN ABERNETHY, F.R.S. &c. 
 
 The name of this eminent Surgeon is so well 
 known that it were needless here to say more of 
 him than that he selected Enfield as his country 
 residence, and died here in 1831. He was buried 
 in the Church, where there is a Marble Tablet to 
 his memory, on which is inscribed the following 
 Epitaph, in elegant Latin, said to be the joint 
 production of the late Dr. Cresswell and Dr. 
 Warburton, (Mr. Abernethy's son-in-laA\\) 
 
 II. S. E. 
 
 JOHANNES ABERNETHY, K.S.S. 
 
 KKGII CHIKORGORUM COI-LEGII QUONDAM I'R^ESES, 
 
 QUI, INGENIO, PROBITATE, BENIGNITATE, 
 
 EXIMIE PR^DITUS, 
 
 ARTEM MEDICUM, PER ANNOS PLUEIMOS, 
 
 SUMMA CUM DILIGENTIA, SOLERTIA, FELICITATE, 
 
 COLUIT, EXERCUIT, DOCUIT, AUXIT, 
 
 ET SCRIPTIS HOC MARMORE PERENNIORIBUS 
 
 POSTERITATI TEADIDIT ; 
 
 MORBO DEMUM GRAVISSIMO CONFECTUS 
 
 CUJUS ANGORES HAUD ALITER DOMANDOS 
 
 PIO ET CONSTANTI ANIMO SUBEGIT, 
 
 CONJUGI, LIBERIS, AMICIS, DISCIPDLIS, 
 
 HUMANO GENERI, CUI TANTOPERE SUCCURRERAT, 
 
 FLEBILIS, 
 
 APRILIS DIE 20. A.D. 1831. ^T. SVAC 67. 
 
 PLACIDE IN ClIRISTO OBDORMIVIT.
 
 65 
 
 The following is a translation of the Epitaph* 
 
 Here lies eutombed 
 
 JoHx Abkknethy, r.R. S 
 
 Formerly President of the Royal College of Surgeons, 
 
 Who was pre-eminently endowed 
 
 "With genius, probity, benignity, 
 
 Cultivated, practised, taught, increased 
 
 The Medical Art for many years 
 
 With the greatest diligence, ability, success, 
 
 And by writings more durable than this marble 
 
 Delivered it to posterity ; 
 
 Seized at length by a most painful disease, 
 
 Whose pangs could scarcely be overcome, 
 
 He submitted with a pious and equable mind. 
 
 Lamented 
 
 By his Wife, Children, Friends, and Pupils, 
 
 He placidly slept in Christ 
 
 On the 20th day of April, A.D. 1831, in the 
 
 Sixty-seventh year of his age. 
 
 DR. BIRKBECK. 
 
 This amiable and philanthropic gentleman, the 
 Founder of Mechanics' Institutes, resided for 
 some years at Forty-hill, Enfield. 
 
 SIR GEORGE THOMAS SMART. 
 
 This eminent Professor of Music, is Organist 
 of the Chapel Royal, St. James's. Sir George 
 (when Mr. Smart) resided several years at Enfield, 
 where he was a Teacher of Music.
 
 66 
 
 DR. SHERWEN. 
 
 The late Dr. Sherwen was a Physician, and a 
 distinguished Scholar; some of his learned dis- 
 quisitions in Philology, were communicated to 
 the earlier numbers of the Literary Gazette. 
 He was originally in practice at Bath, but retired 
 to Enfield, where he died. 
 
 CHARLES AVOODWARD, F.R.S. &c. &c. 
 
 This gentleman, who is so well known in the 
 Scientific World as an eminent amateur Lecturer, 
 was a pupil of the Rev. Stephen Freeman, of 
 Ponder's-end, in this Parish, and gave very early 
 indications of his studious habits and scientific 
 pursuits. For many years he lectured at the 
 public Institutions in the Metropolis, and at the 
 conclusion of a Lecture on Electricity, (which 
 he delivered upwards of thirty years ago,) he 
 expressed his own confidence and belief in the 
 future triumphs of electrical poAver, or agency, 
 and stated that if Government would provide 
 the pecuniary assistance necessary, he would 
 undertake, by means of chains, lines, or Avires, 
 to convey messages from place to place ! — an 
 announcement Avhich was lauffhcd at and deemed
 
 67 
 
 incredible, — the vision of an entliUisiast. Time 
 has, however, more than fulfilled his predictions 
 by the successful establishment of that wonder of 
 wonders, the Electric Telegraph. 
 
 Mr. Woodward has been for many years 
 President of the Islington Literary and Scientific 
 Institution. He is a Magistrate for the County 
 of Middlesex. 
 
 FREDERfCK .JOYCE. 
 
 He was a nephew of the celebrated Jeremiah 
 Joyce, Author of " Scientific Dialogues for 
 Young Persons." He received the rudiments 
 of his education also under the Rev. Stephen 
 Freeman. He wrote some excellent works on 
 Chemistry ; was the Inventor of Percussion Caps 
 for guns ; and was at one time Official Chemical 
 Manager of the Government Powder Mills, at 
 Waltham-abbey. 
 
 CHARLES BABBAGE, F.R.S. &c. &c. 
 
 This eminent Mathematician was likewise a 
 pupil of the Rev. Stephen Freeman, and while 
 yet a boy, was accustomed to work out problems 
 and difficult calculations. In after life he applied
 
 68 
 
 his mathematical knowledge to the principles and 
 practice of Societies, whose object is the securing 
 to the aged, the bereaved, and orphan, the best 
 return for periodical payments. This led to his 
 publishing, in 1827, his "View of Institutions for 
 Assurance of Lives." Having practically ex^ 
 perienced the great labour and difficulty of 
 producing accurate mathematical tables, he then 
 gave his mind to the great problem of devising 
 a machine which should perform the task ; in 
 this he succeeded, receiving some small pecuniary 
 aid from the Government. 
 
 In conjunction with the Rev. Mr. Peacock, 
 (now Dean of Ely) and Mr. John (now Sir John) 
 Herschel, he formed an Analytical Club, for the 
 better enucleation of mathematical principles. 
 Mr. Babbage is, among other publications, the 
 Author of an Essay on the " General Principles 
 which Regulate the Application of Machinery 
 to the Mechanical Arts," and " The Decline of 
 Science in England." 
 
 CAPT. MARRVAT. R.N. 
 
 This is a name well known as the Author of 
 many Nautical Works, and distinguished in the 
 Navy. He also was a pupil of the Rev. Stephen
 
 69 
 
 Freeman ; he very early displayed his wayward 
 disposition, and there is reason for believing that 
 the incidents of his early roving life furnished 
 him with materiel for at least one of his fictions — 
 " Frank Mildmay."' Although his earlier years 
 were not very flattering, yet his subsequent 
 career in the Navy, and still more in the World 
 of Letters, amply fulfilled his Tutor's favourable 
 prediction that the turbulent boy would, in after 
 life, display a nuble nature. 
 
 BARON BRAMWEI-L. 
 
 The Hon. Mr. Baron Bramwell, one of Her 
 Majesty's Judges of the Court of Exchequer, 
 received the rudiments of his education under 
 the late Dr. Thomas May, at the Palace School, 
 Enfield. 
 
 Enfield has been honoured by many other 
 Literary and Scientific Men, as a place of 
 residence, — among whom may be mentioned 
 Kenny, the Irish Dramatist; Leitch Ritchie, 
 author of " The Game of Life," and other 
 favourite Works. Dr. Southwood Smith, the 
 eminent Physician, Mr. Poebuck, M. P., and 
 many other noted men, are constant visitors.
 
 70 
 
 The names of tlie Gentry in 3Iiddlesex, returned 
 by the Commissioners in the 12th year of King 
 Henry VI. 1433 * 
 
 E/ichard, Bishop of London, — | 
 
 The Prior of the Hospital of I Commissioners 
 
 St. John of Jerusalem J — / to take the 
 
 John Ash, ) Knights for the oaths. 
 
 Kd. Maideston, 3 Shire, / 
 
 Johannis Harpenden, militis, Johannis Boys, 
 militis, Johannis Frampton, Thomae Chaleton, 
 militis, Henrie Somcr, Thomae Hesele, Thomae 
 Frorvyk, Thoma? Holgyll, Eoberte Foster, Simo- 
 nis Campe, Thomae Halton, Henrici Filingsley, 
 Alexandri Anne, Johannis Drayton, Johannis 
 Brown, Willielnii Wrothe, AVillielmi Swanlond, 
 Eoberti Char yng worth, Johannis Chichele, 
 Willielmi Norton, Richardi Skerburgh, Roberti 
 Warner, Johannis Barn vile, Richardi Brown, 
 Johannis Schordyche, f Richardi Richmond, 
 
 * See Fuller's Worthies, 1811. 
 
 t So called from Shorditch, on the north of Bishopsgate, 
 whereof he was owner, as also of the manor of Hackney. 
 Shorditck, so named in the 12th Henry VI. and some hundred 
 years before, quasi Shorditck, or the ditch that was the sewer 
 or piiblic drain to the north-east part of the city. " Hereby 
 appeareth the vanity of their conceits, who will have it so 
 called from Jane Shore, (the minion of Edward IV.) reported
 
 71 
 
 Johannis Elryngton, Edmundi Bibbes worth, 
 Robert! Oliver, Willielmi Brokherst, Walter 
 Grene, Willielmi Bray, Jobannis Danyell.J 
 
 Enfield Chase. 
 
 On the north side of Enfield-town there is an 
 extensive tract of land formerly covered with 
 trees, and famous for deer hunting, called 
 Enfield Chase ; anciently in the possession of the 
 Magnavilles, afterwards of the Bohun's, their 
 successors, but now belonging to the Duchy of 
 Lancaster, since Henry IV. married a daughter 
 and heiress of the last Humphrey de Bohun. 
 Drayton, in the Poly-Olbion, describes it thus : — 
 
 " A forrest for her pride, tho' titl'd but a Chace. 
 Her purlieus and her parks, her circuit full as large 
 As some, perhaps, whose state requires a greater charge, 
 "WTiose holts, that view the east, do wisely stand to look 
 Upon the winding course of Lea's deUghtful brook." 
 
 Enfield Chase first occurs under that name in 
 the reign of Edward II. previous to which it 
 
 to die here pitifully, (as much pitied, though not relieved) in the 
 reign of King Richard III." — Ihid. 
 
 X The gently of Middlesex have privilege above any other 
 county ; that is, they are not eligible to be Sherilfs of this Shire 
 unless they are freemen of London. — Ihid.
 
 n 
 
 was generally called the "great park," parcua 
 extrinsecus, or the outer park ; it extends into 
 several adjoining parishes, and is supposed to 
 have been a tract of the ancient forest of 
 Middlesex, and after the death of Charles I. 
 was seized into the hands of the Crown, and has 
 been ever since attached to the Duchy of 
 Lancaster. The Chase, together with the manor 
 of Enfield, was given by Kichard III. in 1483, 
 with many others, to Stafford Duke of Bucking- 
 ham, as a reward for his services in raising him 
 to the throne ; but it is questionable whether he 
 took possession upon that grant, because the 
 Duke soon changed his mind, and conspired, 
 with the Bishop of Ely, to dethrone him, but 
 being betrayed to the King, by his own servants, 
 he was taken to Salisbury, and beheaded in the 
 open market place, without any arraignment or 
 judgment. 
 
 In the survey taken in 1572, it is set forth 
 that " Hogges * may goe in the Chace but from 
 Michaelmas to Martlemas, by decree of the 
 Duchy." 
 
 The Chase was surveyed in the year 1650, by 
 order of the House of Commons, when its extent 
 
 * Hogges. North country words were common in the south, 
 in 1572. Hogs mean s^ce;5,— "We must not lose the hog for a 
 ha'pe'worth of tar," is an allusion to the tarring of sheep.
 
 7i> 
 o 
 
 was reported to contain 7,900 acres, and its value 
 £4,742 8s. per annum. At this time there was 
 an abundant quantity of deer, which were valued 
 at £150. The oak timber (exclusive of 2,500 
 marked for the use of the navy) was valued at 
 £2,100. The horn-beam and . other wood at 
 £12,100. 
 
 In November, 1652, it was resolved "that 
 Enfield Chase should be sold for ready money ;" 
 pursuant to which resolution it was divided into 
 parcels, which were sold to various purchasers, 
 and a considerable part was inclosed, and several 
 houses built : it having been considered to 
 contain 7,900 acres, the proposed division, 
 according to the plan made in 1650, called 
 *' Oliver Cromweirs Didision^'' was as follows : 
 To persons entitled to common a. r. p. 
 
 rights in the Parish of Enfield, 
 
 and Enfield Old Park 
 To ditto of Edmonton 
 To ditto of Hadley 
 To ditto of South Mimms and Old 
 
 Ford Farm . . . . 913 
 
 1329 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 917 
 
 
 
 
 
 240 
 
 
 
 
 
 Total allotment to the commoners , 3399 2 
 Roads over His Majesty's allotment 140 
 The remainder to the Kino- . . 4360 
 
 The whole contents of the Chase . 7899 2
 
 74 
 
 In the Bodleian Library, Oxford, there may 
 be found an original survey of the Chase, 
 intituled, " A Description of Enfield Chase, 
 situate in the Parish of Enfield, and County of 
 Middlesex, as the same is now divided between 
 the Commonwealth and the Commons, by 
 Edmund Rolfe and Nicholas Gunter, in the 
 year 1658." It was on a thick parchment with 
 rollers. There are some seats mentioned in this 
 survey, with the names of their possessors at 
 that time, viz. — Captain Nelthorpe's, (called the 
 West Lodge), Captain Dauge's (called the East 
 Lodge), and Captain Kempe's (called the Soutli 
 Lodge). Adjoining the Chase, on the south, 
 were the seats of Captains Colvill, Malyn, 
 Spinage, Blake, and Gladman. On the east. 
 Forty House, one mile from Enfield, the seat of 
 Wolstenhohne and Breton families ; it was also 
 the residence of William Ferdinand Lord 
 Hunsdon, he having married Grace, relict of 
 Sir Nicholas Wolstenholme, Bart. ; and adjoining 
 the Edmonton allotment, the seats of William 
 Allton, Esq., ^Ir. IMcgg, and Edmund Peeke, 
 Ei;q. (called Belmont), Sir William Ashurst's, 
 near South Mimms allotment, the scat of Colonel 
 AVeb. 
 
 There was a survey of the manor of Enfield
 
 75 
 
 in 168G, (deposited in the office of the Duchy 
 of Lancaster), which states that on a former 
 perambulation, the Chase had been found to 
 contain 7600 acres, of which 500 had been since 
 inclosed in Theobald's-park. This inclosure was 
 made by King James I.* while he resided at 
 Theobald's. t At this time the Chase was abun- 
 dantly stocked with deer, (the King being 
 extremely fond of hunting) ; but the army of the 
 Parliament, during the civil war, destroyed the 
 game, cut down the trees, and let the ground out 
 into small farms. In this state it continued until 
 
 * The King gave the Parish , for these 500 acres, the estate 
 called King James's Charity, at North Minims, which was sold 
 by the Parish under the authority of a private Act of Parlia- 
 ment. — See the Account of the Charities. 
 
 t In the year 1 606 Sir Robert Cecil (who was the second 
 son of, and who succeeded his father, Lord Burleigh, in the 
 possession of the manor of TheobaldsJ entertained King 
 James I., and Frederick y!I. King of Denmark, there. "The 
 King having become enamoured of this place from its proximity 
 to an extensive tract of open country favourable to the diversion 
 of hunting, (liis favourite amusement,) he prevailed upon his 
 minister to exchange it with him for his Palace of Hatfield, in 
 the County of Herts. The King having obtained possession of 
 this manor, enlarged the park by taking in part of the adjoining 
 Chase, and surrounded it with a wall of brick ten miles in 
 circumference." — Clutlerhuck's Hertfordshire.
 
 76 
 
 the restoration, "vvhen young trees were planted, 
 and the Chase was again stocked Avith deer. 
 
 Upon one of the surveys it was presented that 
 the fines for the manor of Enfield were certain, 
 and not arbitrary. Every heir paid, on his 
 admittance, one year's quit rent as his fine for 
 his copyhold, and every one admitted upon 
 surrender paid two years' quit-rent for his fine. 
 
 There are no heriots belonging to this manor, 
 either to freehold or copyhold lands ; but every 
 heir, upon descent, paid to His Majesty, for a 
 relief, one year's quit-rent for his freehold land. 
 There are no other rents and services except 
 fealty and suit of court, and the following curious 
 fine : — 
 
 " Item, of Henry Hunsdon, for two parcells 
 of meadow in South marsh, whereof the one 
 containeth three roods, and the other half an 
 acre, both of them abutting south upon the 
 demeasnes of the mannour of Worccstcrs, called 
 the nine acres, sometime Sohn Banks, — per 
 annum. A red rose at Midsummer." 
 
 There were formerly large ponds on the Chase 
 within this manor, well stocked with fish, of 
 which the fishings of Rammey-reach, Old-jjond, 
 and New-pond, Averc the most considerable. 
 
 There was another survey of the Chase in
 
 77 
 
 1698, when the Earl of Stamford was Chancellor 
 of the Duchy, by Hugh Westlake, Esq., 
 Surveyor of the Woods, in the south part of 
 the Duchy, in order to a fall of timber, by which 
 several new ridings were to be formed, and a 
 square lawn of 300 acres for the deer to feed in. 
 The money arising from the sale of this timber 
 was for the King's use, who granted it to the 
 Earl. In consequence of this, 261 acres of wood 
 were to be cleared, for which one John Shelley 
 contracted at £1,044, with bond and penalty 
 £2,000. 
 
 The ridings marked out when the Chase was 
 to be divided into farms at the time of the 
 Commonwealth, still distinguished by hedges 
 and ditches, were Cock-fosters, the Ridge-way 
 from the gravel pits by East Lodge to Ganna- 
 corner. 
 
 In the year 1766 the largest oak on the Chase 
 was felled, which measiired thirty feet long, and 
 contained three tons, or about two loads, reckoning 
 a ton and a half to a load ; the diameter of the 
 butt end was three feet. It was sold for £10. 
 
 In the year 1777 an Act of Parliament passed 
 for dividing the Chase, intituled, " An Act for 
 dividing the Chase of Enfield in the County of 
 Middlesex, and other purposes therein mentioned,"
 
 Y8 
 
 and assigning allotments to such parishes and 
 individuals as claimed right of common, which 
 rights were in the survey of 1650 thus defined: — 
 herbage, mastacjc for swine, green houghs to 
 garnish horses, thorns for fences, and crabs and 
 acor?is gathered under trees. 
 
 Upon this occasion an accurate survey was 
 made by order of Thomas Earl of Clarendon, 
 Chancellor of His Majesty's Duchy of Lancaster, 
 intituled, " A survey and admeasurement of 
 Enfield Chase, shewing the boundaries thereof, 
 and the lines and quantities of the allotments 
 assigned and set out to the several parishes and 
 estates in lieu of their respective rights ; with 
 the roads directed to be made on the division of 
 the said Chase, made and taken in obedience to 
 an order of the Right Honourable Thomas Earl 
 of Clarendon, Chancellor of His Majesty's 
 Duchy of Lancaster, in the months of August 
 and September, 1776, by F. Eusscll, His 
 Majesty's Surveyor-general of the south parts 
 of the said Duchy, and Richard Richardson, 
 Land-surveyor, his deputy, and since corrected 
 according to the Act of Parliament of the seven- 
 teenth year of King George HI. for the division 
 of the said Chase ;" when, upon this occasion, 
 the Chase was found to contain, includiner the
 
 79 
 
 roads, lodges, and iiicroachments, 8,349 acres, 
 1 rood, and 30 perches, or thereabouts, which 
 were divided and allotted in the following 
 manner : — 
 
 To the King, 3,218 acres, 2 roods, 20 perches ; 
 to the Lodges, 313 acres, 3 perches; to be 
 enfranchised, 6 acres, 2 roods, 1 perch ; to the 
 Tithe-owners, 519 acres 32 perches ; to the 
 Manor of Old-ford, 36 acres, 3 roods, 24 
 perches ; to the Proprietors of the Old-park, 
 30 acres 15 perches; to the Parish of South 
 Mirams, 1,026 acres 3 perches ; to the Parish of 
 Hadley, 240 acres ; to the Parish of Edmonton, 
 1,231 acres, 2 roods, 6 perches ; to the Parish of 
 Enfield, 1,732 acres, 2 roods, 6 perches. The 
 greater part of this allotment, viz. 1,530 acres, 
 remained as waste land until 1801, when the 
 inclosure took place, over which the inhabitants 
 had right of common. 200 acres of the 1,732 
 acres, 2 roods, 6 perches, were cultivated, and on 
 an average, in 1795, was worth 30s. an acre, but 
 lot out on lease for ninety-nine years, at 35s. an 
 acre, in 1778, producing £333 14s. 8d. per ann. 
 One half of the produce was appropriated in aid 
 of the quota to the Land-tax, the other to the 
 reduction of the Poor-rates, and these 200 acres 
 Avere tithe-fix'c.
 
 80 
 
 Th(? calculations for Tithes were as follow : — ^ 
 
 A. R. p. 
 The Chase contained 
 The Lodges 
 
 Total, including- roads 
 Titheable part of Enfield 
 
 allotment . 
 Edmonton ditto 
 Hadley ditto 
 Roads on the residue 
 
 To be clear of tithes 
 
 One-tenth of which for tithe is . 519 32 
 The allotments to Hadley, South Mimms (to 
 which the Manor of Old-ford belongs), and 
 Edmonton, were annexed by the Act to those 
 Parishes, which left 5,824 acres in the Parish of 
 Enfield, and made the whole extent of this 
 Parish to be about 12,254 acres ; and at the time 
 this survey was made, the greater part of the 
 Chase Avas covered with wood. 
 
 The officers belonging to the Chase were, 
 the Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster ; a 
 Master of the Game, Forester, Ranger, Keepers, 
 Woodward, Steward, Bailiff, Verderers, (who 
 were annually chosen in the King's Court of the 
 
 . 
 
 
 . 8036 
 
 1 27 
 
 • 
 
 
 . 313 
 
 3 
 
 3ads . 
 
 . 8349 
 
 1 30 
 
 I A. 
 
 R. 
 
 p. 
 
 
 1532 
 
 o 
 
 6 
 
 
 1231 
 
 2 
 
 6 
 
 
 240 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 153 
 
 1 
 
 8 
 
 
 
 
 —3157 
 
 1 20 
 
 
 . 5192 
 
 10
 
 81 
 
 Manor of Enfield, a sort of Supervisor of the 
 Wood), Receiver-General of the Duchy of 
 Lancaster, Auditor of ditto, Attorney-General 
 of ditto. Clerk of the Revenue of ditto. 
 
 The joint offices of ranger, forester, keeper of 
 the lodges, master of the game, and chief 
 steward of the manor, having been vested 
 successively in the persons of John Dudley, 
 Earl of Warwick, Sir Thomas Wroth, John 
 Ashley, Esq., Robert Lord Cecil, William Earl 
 of Salisbury, Charles Viscount Cranbourne, 
 Charles Lord Gerard of Brandon, George Villiers 
 (tha younger) Duke of Backingham, the Right 
 Hon. Henry Coventry, and Adam Loftus, Viscount 
 Lisburne, were, in the year 169-i, granted to Sir 
 Robert Howard for fifty-six years, who, the same 
 year, assigned all his right in the grant to Sir 
 William Scawen, of Carshalton, for £1,245. 
 
 When the Chase was ordered to be sold by the 
 Parliament, during the interregnum, the sum of 
 £1,051 Is. 8d. was ordered to be paid to the 
 Earl of Salisbury, who then held the above 
 offices, for his interest therein, and in the 
 custody of the parks,* wliich claims were allowed 
 on the 25th of December, 1651, by the House of 
 Commons. 
 
 * Sec Journals of the House of Commons.
 
 8^ 
 
 In the 3'ear 1714 James Bridges (afterwards 
 Duke of Chaudos) purchased the above offices 
 for the unexpired term, and they were afterwards 
 vested in the JMarqnis of Buckingham, in right 
 of his wife, who was the daughter and sole heir 
 of the late Duke of Chandos. 
 
 The whole district, called Enfield Chase, was 
 dis-chased from the 1st of January, 1779. 
 
 The form of the Chase was very irregular ; — 
 its north and longest side was nearly straight, as 
 was also its west side ; its south and east sides 
 were full of angles ; its greatest length was 
 about four miles and a half from east to west, 
 that is, from Parsonage-lane to Ganna-corner ; 
 from north to south, from Cattle-gate to South- 
 gate, about four miles. Its shortest length, from 
 east to west, that is, from Potter's-bar to Hadlcy- 
 town, two miles and three-quarters. On the 
 north side it abuts on XorthaAv-common, with 
 which it communicates by Cattle-gate, Stock -gate, 
 Cooper's-lane, and Potter's-bar. On the east it 
 adjoins Enfield parish, its outlets to which are 
 White-webbs, Clay-hill, Cocker or Crook-lane. 
 New-lane, Parsonage-lane, and Enfield-green, or 
 the Town ; on this side also it extends into 
 Edmonton parish, communicating with it by 
 Winchmorc-hill and Southj?atc.
 
 83 
 
 On the west side it runs up to the north road, 
 on the edge of which stands Hadley,* and part 
 of the Chase hereabouts, nnder the name of 
 Gladmore-heath, or Monken-mead-plane, was, in 
 14T1, the scene of a decisive battle, commonly 
 called " the Battle of Barnet," f between the 
 houses of York and Lancaster. Althousch this 
 battle has been generally considered to have been 
 fought on the road to Barnet, yet it seems 
 pretty certain it was fought on that part of 
 Enfield-chase formerly called " Monken or 
 Monkey-mead," which was near Hadley and 
 South Mimms-common, and probably the armies 
 extended across the Barnet-road, from Avhich 
 circumstance, and the rebel army having marched 
 directly from Barnet to the scene of action, and 
 that town being the nearest to it, it derived the 
 name of the " Battle of Barnet," though it was 
 actually fought on Enfield-chase. 
 
 * On the side of Monken-mead, the Parishes of Hadley, 
 North Mimms, and others, claimed right of common on the 
 Chase; which claim was douhted in 1685, when a commission 
 was issued for a Survey of the Chase; but the subsequent 
 allotments to Hadley, under the Enfield Inclosure Act, 
 confirmed their right. 
 
 t Vide Kai)in"s History of England.
 
 84 
 
 On the south and south-west the Chase abuts 
 upon Southgate and Barnet ; the outlets to which 
 are by Southgate and Bohun, Bohon, or Bourn- 
 gate. It is reported to have had four Lodges, 
 though properly there were but three, that is to 
 say, the East Bailey-lodge, which was afterwards 
 made into two distinct tenements, one of which 
 was called the Bed-lodge ; the South Bailey 
 lodge, the West Bailey-lodge, and North -lodge. 
 These Lodges had their respective ridings and 
 privileges, and were intended originally for the 
 verderers and keepers. 
 
 The Chase was formerly considered to have 
 been a sheep-walk, belonging to the family of 
 Coningsby, of Wales, one of whom having been 
 complained against, for having too many sheep 
 in, brought up a parcel of goats, which did great 
 damage. This circumstance, it seems gave rise 
 to the right of sheep walk on the Chase, annexed 
 to certain farms in its neighbourhood, for a 
 certain time of the year. Norden says '•' there 
 ariseth a profit unto the poore inhabitants there, 
 by the use of the Chase, where they have 
 common of pasture for all kinde of cattle, 
 pannage, and wood ;" but the Parish, it seems, 
 thought otherwise, which was found to be 
 ovcrburthencd by numerous and disorderly poor.
 
 85 
 
 who availed themselves of the privilege of the 
 Chase to support dissolute lives of idleness and 
 beggary. The deer were stolen and exposed for 
 sale with the greatest audacity : vension could be 
 purchased cheaper than mutton : the poachers* 
 were sometimes transported, but at the expiration 
 of their time returned to their old habits. 
 
 The Parish was entitled, under the Inclosing 
 Act of 1777, to a certain portion of the Chase, 
 amounting to 1,732 acres, 2 roods, 6 perches, 
 together with the encroachments, timber trees, 
 and other trees, tellers and sappling thereon, 
 and which were vested in the Churchwardens, 
 for the time being, and their successors, in 
 trust, for the sole benefit of the owners and 
 proprietors of freehold and copyhold messuages, 
 lands, and tenements, within the Parish; their 
 heirs and assigns, and their lessees, tenants, and 
 undertenants, for the time being, entitled to 
 right of common or other rights within the 
 Chase, according to their several estates and 
 interests therein. In 1801 they obtained " an 
 Act for dividing and inclosing the open and 
 
 * A Print was published, in 1796, by Laui'le and Whittle, in 
 Fleet-street, entitled, "A Sit/ Old Poacher,— an Original 
 Character on Enfield CJiase."
 
 86 
 
 common fields, common marshes, and lammas 
 grounds, Chase allotment, and other commonable 
 and waste lands withm the Parish" (41 Geo. III. 
 1801) ; and the same have been divided and 
 allotted accordingly, among the tithe owners, 
 lords of manor, and proprietors of freehold and 
 copyhold lands, and others entitled thereto, 
 
 At the present time it is nearly all inclosed, 
 and very little of its original appearance remains 
 to arrest the attention. The deer from the 
 Chase, which were very numerous, were taken 
 to the estate of the Earl of Bute, at Luton-park, 
 Bedfordshire. 
 
 The " Ancient Chase " has been converted 
 into tillage, so that almost all traces of its ancient 
 site have disappeared under the axe and plough. 
 The first attempts to improve it after the division, 
 were, in general, unsuccessful, and it Avas not 
 until a great amount of caj^ital and labour were 
 expended that any great progress began to be 
 made in its cultivation ; the great obstacles at 
 first were, the cxpence of clearing away the 
 wood, which, at the time of the inclosure, bore 
 (oak excepted) a very low price, and the poverty 
 of the soil, which was mostly a thin gravel 
 intermixed with clay. The methods adopted 
 were draining, paring, burning, and manuring
 
 with maiie, which has been found upon the 
 Chase, in great abundance and of a fine quality, 
 and the use of which has produced surprising 
 effects. 
 
 The present enterprising proprietors of the 
 various farms on the Chase have found them, of 
 late years, profitable investments. 
 
 Some account of the Manor of Enfield, 
 
 Commencing from the year 1065 to 1484, when 
 it was anxexed to, and has since remained 
 parcel of the Duchy of Lancaster . 
 
 In the time of Edward the Confessor, the 
 Manor of Enfield belonged to Asgar, who was 
 Master of the Horse to William the Conqueror, 
 and Constable of the Army. At the time of the 
 survey of Domesday it was the property of 
 Geofirey de Magnaville or Mandeville, a power- 
 ful Norman, who came over with the Conqueror. 
 This Geofirey fought courageously against King 
 Harold, for which great service he was rewarded 
 by the Conqueror's gift, as appears by the survey 
 of Domesday. At this time he possessed divers 
 Lordships in several Counties, having seven in 
 Middlesex, whereof Enfield was one. To him
 
 88 
 
 succeeded William, vulgarly called Mandeville, 
 his son and heir. He was followed by Geoffrey, 
 who was created Earl of Essex by King Stephen. 
 Ernulph succeeded him, and was banished ; upon 
 which Geoffrey succeeded, who was created Earl 
 of Essex, by Henry II. (his f\ither having 
 forfeited that title by rebellion) ; and in the 
 charter of his creation was restored to all the 
 lands possessed by his ancestors. 
 
 The Manor subsequently became the property 
 of King Edward I., also of various Earls, Nobles, 
 and Knights, down to the time of Edward III. 
 who granted a license to Humphrey de Bohun 
 to fortify and embattle his manor houses, of 
 Avhich Enfield is mentioned as one ; and dying 
 unmarried, his lands and honours descended to 
 Humphrey de Bohun, his nephew, son of 
 William de Bohun, Earl of Northampton, his 
 brother, who married Joan, daughter of Bichard 
 Earl of Arundel, by whom he had two daughters, 
 his heirs, viz. — Eleanor, who was married to 
 Thomas of Woodstock, sixth son of King Henry 
 III.; and Mary to Henry Earl of Derby, son to 
 John of Gaunt Duke of Lancaster,* (afterwards 
 
 * Henry Duke of Laucastei' succeeded his father, John of 
 Gaunt, in this title.
 
 89 
 
 King of England, by the name of Henry IV.) 
 to whom, on partition of the lands of the said 
 Humphrey de Bohun, (in right of his wife Mary) 
 the Lordship and Manor of Enfield descended. 
 
 The Manor, being thus vested in the Crown, 
 was annexed to, and has ever since remained, 
 parcel of the Duchy of Lancaster. 
 
 Richard III., in the year 1483, granted it to 
 Henry Duke of Buckingham, but it reverted to 
 the Crown the next year by the Duke's attainder. 
 
 In the survey of Domesday this Manor is 
 thus mentioned : — " The Manor, in the time of 
 William the Conqueror, was taxed at thirty 
 hides. The land was twenty-four carucates ; 
 there were fourteen hides in demesne, and the 
 lord had four ploughs. The villanes employed 
 sixteen ploughs. One villane held a hide, three 
 others half a hide each ; the parish priest a 
 virgate, seventeen villanes a virgate each, thirty ^ 
 six others half a virgate ; twenty borders held 
 jointly a hide and a virgate ; seven cottars held 
 twenty-three acres, and five cottars seven acres. 
 There were eighteen other cottars, and six slaves. 
 A mill which produced ten shillings per annum 
 rent, the fishpond eight shillings. There was a 
 meadow sufficient for twenty-four plough lands, 
 and twenty-five shillings rent ; pasture for the 
 9
 
 90 
 
 cattle of the town, and jDannage for two thousand 
 hogs. The profits of the woods and pasture 
 forty-three shillings ; and there was a park also." 
 
 In the time of Edward the Confessor it was 
 valued at £50, and bore the same value when 
 the Survey of Domesday was taken. Within the 
 Manor " there were five sokemen who held six 
 hides, which they had the power of alienating 
 without the license of the lord paramount." 
 
 In the year 1303 it was valued at £34 3s. Id. 
 In the record of the year 1337 its extent and 
 value is thus described : — 
 
 " A capital messuage, valued at 13s. 4d., a 
 garden of herbs 5s., the fruit 20d., a dove house 
 5s., four hundred and twenty acres of arable in 
 demesne worth 6d. an acre, sixty-three of meadow 
 worth 3s., and thirty-nine other acres of meadow 
 Is. only, twenty-four acres of pasture at 3s. ; a 
 park, called the Frith, whence twenty acres of 
 underwood, worth 3s. an acre, might be sold 
 annually ; another, called the great park, in 
 which was common of pasture, and no under- 
 wood, the pannage worth 50s. per annum. 
 There were fish-ponds also, whence fish might 
 be sold every seventh year, to the amount of 
 fifteen marks." 
 
 In a subsequent record, in the year 1364, only
 
 91 
 
 tliirty acres of arable, are mentioned among the 
 demesne lands. 
 
 A survey of the bounds was taken 8tli July, 
 14th Elizabeth, " The names of the freeholders 
 and copieholders, and their rents, are inserted in 
 this survey booke, and in the bailiffes rentals, for 
 for them to have them at the nexte court." 
 
 " Every copyholder ought to pay a yeare's 
 quitt rent for relief upon alienation as well as 
 u^Jon death." 
 
 " Every copyholder ought to pay two yeares 
 quitt rent for a fine upon descent or purchase all 
 alike." 
 
 At this survey it appeared that "Dr. Huicke 
 detaineth a rent 7s. Td. due to the Queen for 
 lands called Goldbeaters, more he detaineth 6d. 
 parcell of rent at 10s. 6d. due for land called 
 Colleges, late in the tenure of Thomas Butt." 
 
 To this Manor belongs a view of frank-pledge ; 
 Courts-leet and baron are held on Wednesday 
 in Whitsun week, and on November the 5th. 
 These courts were formerly held in a barn, then 
 at the King's-head, afterwards at the Rose and 
 Crown, at Enfield-highway, and of late years at 
 the King's-head, Enfield-town. A constable and 
 two headboroughs for the Town quarter, with a 
 brander, aleconner, constable, headborough, and
 
 92 
 
 brander, for BuU's-cross quarter ; and two head- 
 boroughs, a brander, and a hayward for Green- 
 street quarter, are chosen at the Court-leet. 
 
 The annual fines do not exceed £16. The 
 Court-rolls were, by some accident, burnt, many 
 years ago, and those in the present book begin 
 in 1705. 
 
 The quit rents of this Manor, in 1802, 
 amounted to £10 4s. 6d. 
 
 The Duchy of Lancaster. 
 
 There being a large portion of land and other 
 property in this Parish belonging to the Duchy 
 of Lancaster, it may not be uninteresting to insert 
 here the following particulars relative to its 
 origin ; also a List of its Chancellors, from the 
 creation of the Duchy, in 1351, to the present 
 time : — 
 
 "This Court owes its origin to Henry IV. who, deposing 
 Richard II., usurped the Crown, and, possessing the Duchy of 
 Lancaster in right of his mother, was seized thereof as Duke, 
 as well as King. But imagining his right to the Duchy hetter 
 than that to the Crown, he resolved to secure the same by 
 separating it from the Crown ; which being eftectcd, he erected 
 this Court for its use, wherein all matters of law and equity 
 belonging to the Duchy, or County Palatine of Lancaster, are 
 heard and decided by the Chancellor thereof." — PulleyrCs Ety- 
 mological Compendium.
 
 93 
 
 The following is a List of the Chancellors of the Duchy ; which 
 may he relied upon as being accurate : — 
 
 NAME. 
 
 REIGN. 
 
 Date of Appointment, &c. 
 
 Sir Henrj' de Haydok 
 
 34 Edw. III. 
 
 Chancellor of Henry 
 first Duke of Lan- 
 caster 
 
 Ralph de Ergham, Clerk ... 
 
 46 Edw. in. 
 
 Bishop of Sarum 
 
 Thomas de Thelwall, Clerk 
 
 51 Edw. III. 
 
 Created Chancellor of 
 the County Palatine 
 in the month of April 
 
 SirJohn deYerborough, Clerk 
 
 1 Richard II. 
 
 
 Sir Thomas Stanley 
 
 6 Richard II. 
 
 November 1 0, pro.tem . 
 November 29th. 
 
 Sir Thomas Scarle 
 
 6 Richard II. 
 
 7 Richard II. 
 1 Heniy IV. 
 
 Sir William Okey 
 
 October. 
 
 John de Wakeriug 
 
 
 William Burgoyne, Esq. ... 
 
 1 Henry IV. 
 
 
 Sir Thomas Stanley 
 
 6 Henry IV. 
 11 Henry IV. 
 
 May iSth. 
 March 30th. 
 
 John Spi-ingthorpe, Clerk ... 
 
 John Woodhouse 
 
 1 Henry V. 
 
 April 4th. 
 
 John Woodhouse, continued 
 
 1 Henry VI. 
 
 January 20th. 
 
 William Troutbecke, Esq.... 
 
 2 Heniy VI. 
 
 June 10th. 
 
 Walter Sherington, Clerk ... 
 
 9 Henry VI. 
 
 February i6th. 
 
 
 17 Henry VI. 
 
 May 7th — Chancellor 
 for life 
 
 William Tresham 
 
 20 Henry VI. 
 
 July 3rd — Chancellor 
 in reversion 
 
 
 William Ti-esham 
 
 26 Henry VI. 
 
 November 1st. 
 
 John Say, Esq 
 
 27 Henry VI 
 1 Edw. IV. 
 
 June 10th. 
 
 */ ■ 1 • 
 
 John Say, Esq. continued... 
 
 June 16th. 
 
 Sir Richard Fowler, Knt. ... 
 
 11 Edw. IV. 
 
 June 10. — AlsoChan- 
 cellor of theExcheq. 
 
 Sir John Say, Knt 
 
 1 7 Edw. IV. 
 
 November 3rd. 
 

 
 94 
 
 Thomas Thwaites 
 
 Thomas Metcalfe 
 
 Sir Keginald Bray, Knt. ... 
 Sir John Mordant, Knt. . . . 
 Sir Kichard Empson, Knt.... 
 Sir Henry Marney, Knt. ... 
 Sir Richard Wingfield, Knt, 
 Sir Thomas Moore, Knt. ... 
 
 Sir William Fitz Williams, 
 Knt. afterwards Earl of 
 Southamjiton 
 
 Sir John Gage, Knt 
 
 Sir AVilliam Pagett, Knt, . 
 
 Sir John Gate, Knt 
 
 Sir Robert Rochester, Knt 
 
 Sir Edward Walgrave, Knt. 
 
 Sir Ambrose Cave, Knt. .., 
 
 Sir Ralph Sadler, Knt 
 
 Sir Francis Walsingham, Knt 
 Sir Thomas Henage, Knt.... 
 Sir Robert Cecil, Knt. .. 
 Sir John Fortescne, Knt. 
 Sir Thomas Parry, Knt. and 
 
 John Daccomb, Esq, 
 Sir John Daccombe, Knt... 
 Sir Humphrey May, Knt. .., 
 Edward Lord Newburgh . . , 
 William Lord Grey of Wake 
 
 and William Lenthall, Esq 
 
 18 Edw. IV. 
 
 1 Richd. III. 
 1 Henry VII. 
 
 19 Henry VII. 
 21 Henry VII. 
 1 HenryVIII. 
 UHeuryVIII. 
 17HenryVIII, 
 
 21 HenryVIII, 
 
 35HenryVIIL 
 
 1 Edw. VI. 
 
 6 Edw. VL 
 
 I Queen Mary 
 
 4 & 5 Philip 
 and Mary. 
 
 1 Elizabeth. 
 
 10 Elizabeth. 
 
 19 Elizabeth. 
 
 32 Elizabeth 
 
 37 Elizabeth, 
 
 43 Elizabeth. 
 
 13 James I. 
 
 14 James I. June ,5th. 
 
 Date of Appointmont, &c. 
 
 April 2. — Also Chan- 
 cellor oftheExcheq. 
 
 July 17th. 
 
 September 13th. 
 
 June 24th. 
 
 October 3rd. 
 
 May 14th. 
 
 ^\.pril 14th. 
 
 December 31 . — Made 
 Chancli-. of England 
 
 November 3rd. 
 
 May lOtli. 
 July 1st. 
 July 7tli. 
 
 June 22ud. 
 
 May IGth. 
 June 15th. 
 
 October 7th. 
 September 16th. 
 May 27th. 
 
 15 James I. 
 5 Charles I. 
 
 March 23rd 
 April 16th. 
 February 10th, 1644.
 
 95 
 
 NAME. 
 
 REIGN. 
 
 Date of Appointment, S:c. 
 
 John Bradshawe 
 
 
 August 1st, 1649. 
 1655. 
 
 Thomas Fell 
 
 
 Sir Gilbert Gerard, Bart. ... 
 
 
 May 14th, 1639. 
 
 Francis Lord Seymour 
 
 12 Charles II. 
 
 July 9th. 
 
 Sir Thomas Ingram, Kut. ... 
 
 16 Charles IL 
 
 July 21st. 
 
 Sir Robert Carr, Bart 
 
 23 Charles II. 
 
 February 22nd. 
 
 Sir Thomas Chickelej-, Kut. 
 
 34 Charles II. 
 
 November 21st. 
 
 Eobert Lord Willoughby, of 
 
 iWm.&Mary 
 
 March 21st. 
 
 Ersby 
 
 
 
 Thomas Earl of Stamford... 
 
 9 William III. 
 
 May 4th. 
 
 SirJohnLevesonGower,Bart. 
 
 1 Queen Anne 
 
 May 12 th. 
 
 James Earl of Derby 
 
 5 Queen Anne 
 
 June 10th. 
 
 William Lord Berkley, of 
 
 9 Queen Anne 
 
 September 21bt. 
 
 Stratton 
 
 
 
 Henage Earl of Aylesford... 
 
 1 George I. 
 
 November 6th. 
 
 Richard Earl of Scarborough 
 
 2 George I. 
 
 March 12th. 
 
 Nicholas Lechemere, Esq.... 
 
 3 George I. 
 
 June 19th. 
 
 John Duke of Rutland 
 
 1 George IL 
 
 July 17 th. 
 
 George Earl of Cholmondeley 
 
 ^ George II. 
 
 May 
 
 Richard Lord Edgecumbe ... 
 
 IG George II. 
 
 December 22ud. 
 
 Thomas Earl of Kinnoull ... 
 
 34 George II. 
 
 February 27th. 
 
 James Lord Strange 
 
 3 George III. 
 1 1 George III. 
 
 December 13th. 
 
 Thomas Lord Hyde, after- 
 
 June 14th. 
 
 wards Earl of Clarendon 
 
 
 
 John Lord Ashburton 
 
 22 George III. 
 
 April 17 th. 
 
 Edward Earl of Derby 
 
 23 George III. 
 
 August 29th. 
 
 Thomas Earl of Clarendon . 
 
 24 George III. 
 
 December 31st. 
 
 Charles Lord Hawkesbury... 
 
 27 George III. 
 
 September 6th. 
 
 Thomas Lord Pelham 
 
 44 George III- 
 
 November 9th. 
 
 Lord Mulgrave 
 
 44 George III. 
 
 45 George III. 
 
 June 6th. 
 
 Earl of Buckinghamshire ... 
 
 January 14th.
 
 96 
 
 NAME. 
 
 EEIGN. 
 
 Date of Appointment, &c. 
 
 Dudley Lord Harrowby 
 
 Edward Earl of Derby 
 
 45 George III. 
 
 46 George IH. 
 
 July 10th. 
 February 12th. 
 
 The Right Hon. Spencer 
 Perceval 
 
 47 George HI. 
 
 March 30th. 
 
 Earl of Buckinghamshire . . . 
 
 52 George III. 
 
 May 23rd. 
 
 The Right Hon. Charies 
 
 52 George III. 
 
 June 23rd. 
 
 Bathurst 
 
 
 
 The Right Hon. Nicholas 
 Vansittart, afterwards 
 Lord Bexley 
 
 Eari of Aberdeen, K.T 
 
 The Right Hon, Charies 
 
 4 George IV. 
 
 9 George IV. 
 9 George IV. 
 
 February 13th. 
 
 January 26th. 
 June 2nd. 
 
 Arbuthnot 
 
 
 
 Lord Holland 
 
 1 William IV. 
 5 William IV. 
 
 November 25th. 
 
 The Right Hon. Charies 
 
 December 26th 
 
 Watkin Williams Wynn . 
 Lord Holland 
 
 5 William IV. 
 
 4 Victoria ... 
 
 5 Victoria ... 
 
 April 23rd. 
 
 Earl of Clarendon 
 
 October 31st. 
 
 The Right Hon. Sir George 
 
 June 23rd. 
 
 Grey, Bart. 
 Lord Granville Charles 
 
 5 Victoria ... 
 
 September 3rd. 
 
 Henry Somerset 
 Lord Campbell 
 
 10 Victoria... 
 13 Victoria... 
 
 15 Victoria... 
 
 16 Victoria... 
 
 18 Victoria... 
 
 18 Victoria... 
 
 19 Victoria... 
 
 July 6th. 
 March 6th. 
 
 Earl of Carlisle 
 
 The Right Hon. Robert Adam 
 
 Christopher 
 TheRightHon.Edward Strutt 
 
 now Lord Belper 
 Earl Granville 
 
 March 1st. 
 December 30th. 
 June 2lst. 
 
 Earl of Harrowby 
 
 March 31st. 
 
 The Right Hon. Matthew 
 
 December 7th. 
 
 Talbot Baincs 
 

 
 ^1 
 
 Public Highways. 
 
 The Public Highways, staked out by the 
 Commissioners, under the Act of Parliament, 
 41 George III. chap. 143, called the " Enfield 
 Inclosure Act." of the width of forty feet, are 
 Ponder's-end-road, over Southbury-field, the 
 East Barnet-road, the Eidgeway-road, the 
 Hadley-road, Parsonage-road, New-lane-road, 
 Theobald's-park-road, and East Lodge-road, &c. 
 
 Occupation Roads. 
 
 The Private Roads set out under the said Act, 
 of the width of twenty feet : — 
 
 Next the Old Stray-field — beginning at Clay- 
 hill-gate, and leading westward along the north 
 side of the Old Stray-field to the boundary of 
 the Great Tithe Allotment. 
 
 The Flash-road — beginning at White Webbs, 
 and leading over the allotment of Henry 
 Wilkinson, Esq. to and over the New River to 
 a lane leading to Clay-hill. 
 
 To Theobald's Park — beginning at White 
 Webbs-gate, and leading northward to Theobald's 
 Park. 
 
 White Webbs-road — beginning at White
 
 98 
 
 Webbs-gate, and leading southward to the 
 ancient inclosures and allotments near the said 
 White Webb's-gate. 
 
 Over Churchbury-field — beginning in Silver- 
 street, and leading into and over Churchbury- 
 field to the allotment of Robert Griffiths, with 
 a branch leading along Brewhouse-lane into 
 Baker-street. 
 
 Bunger's-lane-road — beginning at Lincoln- 
 house, in Ponder's-end, and leading into South- 
 bur y-field. 
 
 Scotland-green-road — beginning at the north 
 end of Scotland-green, and leading to Duck's-leys. 
 
 South-street-road — over the marshes, and 
 Welch's-lane — beginning at the lower end of 
 South-street, and leading over the Mill-river 
 into South-marsh ; and, from thence, leading 
 northward along the side of the river Lea to 
 Enfield-lock, and over the said river along the 
 western side thereof, to and along Welch's-lane 
 into the London and Ware-road, at Enfield-wash. 
 
 South-marsh — beginning at the said road last 
 described, and leading to the old ford over 
 Mar-dyke. 
 
 Over Mill-marsh — beginning at Mill-marsh- 
 bridge, and leading over Mill-marsh to Patti- 
 pool-ford.
 
 99 
 
 Green-street-road — beginning at the lower end 
 of Green-street, and leading to Mill-mar sh-bridge, 
 
 Painter's-lane-road — beginning at the turnpike- 
 road, at Enfield-wash, and leading to the ford, 
 into itammey-marsh. 
 
 Hoe-lane — beginning at the said turnpike- 
 road, and leading to the " Goat," at Forty-hill. 
 
 The above public and private roads, with the 
 several tunnels and bridges across them, were 
 awarded by the Commissioners for ever, to be 
 repaired, upheld, cleansed, maintained, and kept 
 in repair, by the inhabitants and occupiers of 
 land, tenements, and hereditaments in the Parish 
 of Enfield, in the same manner as the public 
 highways are directed to be kept in repair. 
 
 An indictment was preferred in Hiliary Term., 
 1819, by the Honourable the Board of Ordnance 
 against the Parish, for not repairing Welches- 
 lane, and a road over the marshes leading from 
 the turnpike road at Enfield-wash to the Govern- 
 ment Foundry for small arms at Waltham. 
 
 In support of the Indictment the Counsel for 
 the Crown contended, that this lane was an 
 ancient Public Highway, and had been repaired 
 by the Parish time out of mind — that the Com- 
 missioners, under the " Enfield Inclosure Act," 
 could not abolish it as a public road without the
 
 100 
 
 order of two Justices, which they never obtained 
 — that the Commissioners had set it out, and 
 improperly called it a private road, but had 
 directed the Parish to repair it — that this was 
 not like the Cottingham case, where the Parish 
 was not liable to the repair of the road previous 
 to the inclosure, nor had any allotment under the 
 Act; for, that here, the Parish of Enfield had 
 always repaired this lane, which led from the 
 turnpike road to the river Lea, and had also an 
 allotment under the Act, as well as a share of 
 the timber growing on the Chase, and that the 
 Commissioners were therefore justified, when 
 they set out this road, in directing the Parish 
 to repair it. 
 
 Upon the cross examination of witnesses for 
 the prosecution, it ajDpeared that, at the lower 
 end of Welch's-lane, a gate across a j^art of the 
 road leading over an ancient inclosure into the 
 marshes, had been occasionally locked ; and that 
 the farmers holding lands in the marshes formerly 
 paid three-pence or four-pence an acre for 
 carrying their hay through this inclosure. 
 
 Chief Justice Abbott stopped the Counsel for 
 the Crown, and said — that, unless the prosecutors 
 were prepared to contradict their own witnesses, 
 the case must end : — that a public highway must
 
 101 
 
 lead from one town or vill to another, and be 
 free for the passage of all His Majesty's subjects; 
 "whereas, it was proved in evidence, that Welch's- 
 lane led only to a farm-house, and that the 
 occupiers of the Marshes had paid toll for the 
 liberty of bringing their hay along that part of 
 the road over the ancient inclosure ; and as to 
 the repairs heretofore done to AVelch's-lane, it 
 appeared that the tenant of the farm got into the 
 office of surveyor, and put his hand into the 
 Parish purse to repair his own road ; this, there- 
 fore, never was a public highway. The General 
 Inclosure Act, which passed on the same day as 
 the Enfield Inclosure Act, directs — that all roads 
 over lands to be inclosed, not set out by the 
 Commissioners, shall be deemed part of the 
 lands to be inclosed — the Commissioners did set 
 out this road ; but expressly set it out as a 
 private road, the Parish therefore was not bound 
 to repair it. 
 
 The Jury, without hesitation, found — -for the 
 Parish. 
 
 Foot Paths. 
 
 The Foot-paths set out under the said Act, 
 which, together Math sufficient stiles, gates, or
 
 102 
 
 steps, and bridges, in all the fences which cross 
 the said Foot-paths, are to be kept in repair, 
 clear and open for the use of foot passengers, by 
 the owners or occupiers of the several allotments 
 which are subject to the Foot-paths.* 
 
 To Clay -hill — beginning at the west end of the 
 Stray-field-road, and leading to Crew's-hill. 
 
 To the Public Well — beginning at Theobald's- 
 park-road, near the " Fallow Buck," and leading 
 to the Public Well at Clay -hill, and into May's-lane. 
 
 Over Little Bird's-field — beginning in Baker- 
 street, and leading to Chase-side, near to the 
 Workhouse. 
 
 Over Great Bird's-field — beginning in Baker- 
 street, and leading to Clay-hill. 
 
 To Turkey-street — beginning near Maiden's- 
 bridge, and leading to Turkey-street. 
 
 Over Long-field — beginning near the " Bell," 
 at Enfield-wash, and leading north^vard over the 
 east end of Long-field into the public foot-path. 
 
 To Forty-hill — beginning near the Cherry- 
 orchard, in Churchbury-field, and leading by the 
 back of the old inclosures to Forty-hill. 
 
 Meeting House Path — beginning at the 
 Meeting-house, in Baker-street, and leading into 
 
 * It is the duty of the Surveyors of the Highways to enforce 
 tlie repair of these Foot-paths whenever there is occasion.
 
 103 
 
 the private carriage road in Churchbury-field. 
 
 From Enfield to the Highway — beginning at 
 the said Churchbury-field-road^ and leading to 
 the Highway. 
 
 Over Broad-field — branching from the last- 
 mentioned Foot-path, and leading across Carter- 
 hatch-lane into Broad-field to the Red Lion, at 
 Enfield-highway. 
 
 From Enfield to Edmonton — beginning at 
 London-lane, and leading across the fields 
 towards Bury-street, Edmonton, 
 
 Over Puttock's-croft — beginning at Green- 
 street, and leading to Durant's-farm. 
 
 Over Stonard's-field — beginning at Ponder's- 
 end (opposite the lane leading to Enfield-town), 
 and leading by the south boundary of Durant's- 
 farm to Scotland-green. 
 
 From South-street to Cuckoo-hall-farm — 
 beginning at the Falcon, in South-street, and 
 leading towards Edmonton. 
 
 Over East-field — beginning 'at East-field-gate 
 opposite the Bell, at Enfield-wash, and leading 
 to and along the drain in East-field, and across 
 Wild-marsh to Enfield-lock. 
 
 Over Grimsdown — beginning at the lower end 
 of Green-street, and leading to Tat's-bridge. 
 
 A more particular account of the roads and
 
 104 
 
 foot-paths may be seen in the award of the 
 Commissioners, with the plan of the Parish 
 annexed, deposited in the Vestry-room, where 
 it may be inspected at all times by any person 
 interested in the inclosure. A copy of the award 
 and plan is also deposited in the Registrar's office 
 for Middlesex, Bell-yard, Temple-bar, where 
 they may be inspected on payment of one 
 shilling. 
 
 The Abbot of Thorney's Lands. 
 
 In the reign of Henry VI. the Abbot of 
 Thorney (Cambridgeshire) had lands in this 
 Parish, which were then valued at seven marks 
 per annum. These lands were known as Cranes, 
 or Crane's-farm, and were the property of the 
 Wroths. In 1686 they were part of the posses- 
 sions of Sir Thomas Stringer, but now belong to, 
 and are held with, the Manor of Durants, by 
 the Connop family. 
 
 The Rectory. 
 
 The Rectory of Enfield was given by William 
 the Conqueror to Geoffrey de Magnaville, or 
 Mandeville, Constable of the Tower of London.
 
 105 
 
 After the dissolution of monasteries, in 1539, tliis 
 Rectory was granted by Henry VIII. to Thomas 
 Audley, created afterwards, by the same King, 
 Lord Audley of Walden, who, thereupon, became 
 the Patron. In 1548 it passed into the hands of 
 the Master, Fellows, and Scholars of Trinity 
 College, Cambridge, who are the present Patrons. 
 The Risrht Hon. the Earl of Lisburne became 
 possessed of the lease of the Rectory in 1754, in 
 right of his first wife, who was the daughter, and 
 (on the death of her only brother) sole heiress of 
 Joseph Gascoigne Nightingale, Esq., by Lady 
 Elizabeth Shirley, eldest daughter and co-heiress 
 of Washington, second Earl of Ferrers, to whose 
 memory the celebrated and beautiful monument, 
 by Roubiliac, was erected in Westminster Abbey, 
 under the direction of Wilmot, first Earl of 
 Lisburne. 
 
 The Pectory of Enfield is a Manor, holds a 
 Court-leet, and is entitled to all royalties, within 
 its precincts. It was formerly called the Manor 
 of Surlowes, but is now called the Manor of the 
 Parsonage. 
 
 The lease is still held by the family, and the 
 late occupants were the Right Hon. Lady 
 Dorothy Elizabeth Palk and the Lady Mallet 
 Vaughan. The Rectory, or Parsonage Manor 
 
 H
 
 106 
 
 House is situate at the corner of Parsonage- 
 lane and Baker-street. 
 
 The Vicarage and Vicarage House. 
 
 In the reign of Edward I. Godfrey de Beston 
 granted a house adjoining the Church-yard, 
 which he had purchased of Richard de Plissitis, 
 to Bartholomew, Vicar of Enfiekl, and his 
 successors, to which Eichard added a piece of 
 ground for a garden, between the Church-yard 
 and the highway, called " Ernygstrate." 
 
 The present Vicarage-house had, before the 
 alteration in 1801, an appearance of antiquity ; 
 some of the chimneys seemed to have been built 
 at the end of the fourteenth or beginning of the 
 fifteenth century. It has, within the last few 
 years, also undergone many alterations, and been 
 considerably enlarged. 
 
 In 1327 the A'icarage was rated at nine marks. 
 In the King's books it is valued at £26 per ann. 
 When the division of Enfield- chase took place in 
 1777, ninety acres were appropriated to the Vicar 
 of Enfield, in lieu of tithes, for his share. The 
 Vicarage being annexed to a Fellowship of 
 Trinity College, Cambridge, power was given 
 to augment it by a further endowment of 160
 
 lOV 
 
 acres of the tithe allotment, over and above the 
 said ninety acres, making together 250 acres. 
 In 1801 an Act was passed for inclosing common 
 marshes, Chase allotments, and common fields, 
 by which the Vicar had awarded to him 382 
 acres more, in lieu of all great and small tithes, 
 and also as a compensation for all Vicarial tithes 
 and other payments, in lieu of tithes payable to 
 the Vicar, (except Easter offerings. Mortuaries, 
 and Surplice fees), amounting altogether to 632 
 acres, making the Vicarage of Enfield worth 
 about £1,000 per annum. 
 
 Trinity College has presented one of its 
 Fellows in a regular succession of twenty-four 
 Vicars, from the year 1550 to 1844, the date of 
 the appointment of the present Vicar, The Hev. 
 John Moore Heath, M.A. 
 
 The Lectureship. 
 
 In 1631 Henry Loft, of Enfield, founded a 
 Lectureship in this Parish, and endowed it with 
 £4 per ann. to, and for the benefit of, a Preacher 
 or Lecturer, who should preach in the afternoon 
 of the Lord's day, in the Parish Church of 
 Enfield, not omitting preaching above one month 
 of the year. The sura left by the founder being
 
 108 
 
 so trivial, it has hitherto been the custom to 
 make a collection for the Lecturer every year. 
 
 The present Lecturer (1858) is The Rev. 
 Alfred Bowen Evans. 
 
 The Churches. 
 
 ST. Andrew's. 
 
 The Church was founded in 1 136, and dedi- 
 cated to St. Andrew ; it is a large and handsome 
 structure, built in the same style as the neigh- 
 bouring Churches of Edmonton, Tottenham, and 
 Hadley ; it is chiefly built with flints and rubble; 
 the whole was covered with plaster some years 
 ago, and made to resemble stone. It contains a 
 noble organ, given to the Parish by Mrs. Mary 
 NichoUs, widow, who left £900 for the purchase 
 of it; there was a surplus of £319 8s. 10|d., 
 which was placed in the £3 per Cents., the 
 interest on which (£11 8s. 4d.) is paid towards 
 the salary of the organist, agreeably to the 
 direction of Mrs. Nicholls. The present organist 
 is Miss Leach. 
 
 The Church contains many beautiful monu- 
 ments and tablets to the nobility, gentry, and 
 others, who have been great benefactors to the 
 Parish. Amongst the most conspicuous and 
 elaborate of these arc the monuments belonging
 
 109 
 
 to the Tiptofts, Earls of Worcester ; and to the 
 families of the Stringers'^ Palmers', Evingtous', 
 Middelmores', Deycrowes', Keirs', Dixons', 
 Abernethys', Porters', and Lisburnes' ; that of 
 Sir Nicholas Paynton, (once Lord Mayor of 
 London), is superbly ornamented ; there are 
 also a few ancient monumental brasses. In 177T, 
 when the Chancel was undergoing alterations, a 
 very curious allegorical picture was discovered, 
 representing the resurrection, in six compart- 
 ments, painted on wood; this singular piece of 
 Church antiquity was given by Mr. Hill, the 
 contractor, to the late Mr. Gough, the celebrated 
 Antiquarian, then residing at Enfield. 
 
 The Church was repaired in 1771, and again 
 in 1789, when all the hatchments which had 
 been fixed against the walls for many years, and 
 were very much decayed, were removed. The 
 expense of this repair was £1,531 2s. 4d., 
 towards which Lord Lisburne paid £160 as his 
 proportion. 
 
 The Church was repaired and beautified in 
 1810. Li 1819 a new gallery was built over the 
 north aisle, by Messrs. York and Gibbs, which, 
 with some alterations in other parts of the 
 Church, cost £689. This sum was raised by 
 private subscription amongst individuals in the
 
 no 
 
 Parish, under the conditions of the Act passed 
 in favour of building new Churches, so far as 
 relates to the disposal of seats. This gallery- 
 contains twenty-seven pews, which, with the 104 
 other pews in the Church, made 131 pews, 
 capable of affording accommodation to about 
 1,000 persons. The pulpit was removed when 
 this gallery was finished ; the expense of the 
 removal was £70, which was included in the 
 above sum of £689. The south gallery was built 
 in 1824, by Draper, of Enfield, at the expense 
 of the parish. The roof of the south aisle was 
 raised at this time, and new windows inserted. 
 
 In 1846 the church-yard was enlarged. The 
 ground was purchased by the accumulation of 
 the church -yard fund. In 1847 the east window 
 of the chancel was filled with stained glass, 
 executed by Mr. Charles Hudson, at the cost of 
 about £100, which was raised by a subscription 
 among the parishioners. In 1852 the sedilia, 
 discovered in the south wall of the chancel, were 
 restored. This wall and the western tower are 
 probably the remains of a church of an older 
 date, which was pulled down when the present 
 one was built. 
 
 In 1853 the ground plan of the church was 
 repewed, under the supcrintcndancc of Mr. P.
 
 Ill 
 
 St. Aubyn^ and the western galleiy was removed 
 as far as the organ loft. The cost, which was 
 defrayed by a subscription among the inhabitants, 
 was about £1,200. 
 
 ST. JAMES S CHAPEL, ENFIELD HIGHWAY. 
 
 This Church was built in the year 1834, to 
 provide accommodation for the inhabitants of 
 Ponder's-end, the Highway, and the Lock. It 
 is a District Chapehy. The present Incumbent 
 is the Rev. John Harman, M.A. 
 
 JESUS CHAPEL, FORTY HILL. 
 
 This parish is indebted to the late Christian 
 Paul Meyer, Esq., through whose munificence 
 this noble structure was erected on his estate 
 opposite Forty-hall, in the year 1835. It was 
 originally intended to be a Chapel of Ease, but 
 a District has since been assigned to it. The 
 Incumbent is the Rev. C. W. Bollaerts, M.A. 
 
 CHRIST S CHURCH, COCK FOSTERS. 
 
 This Proprietary Chapel is situate in a little 
 hamlet at the western extremity of the parish ; it 
 was built at the sole expense of Robert Cooper 
 L. Bevan, Esq. of Trent-parh, who 'us the patron.
 
 112 
 (sT. John's) chapel, clay hill. 
 
 This Chapel, intended for a Chapel of Ease, 
 was erected in 1857, after the designs of Mr. 
 P. St. Aubyn, architect, to provide for the 
 inhabitants of Clay-hill and the Chase division 
 of the parish. The cost of it, which was about 
 £1,860, was defrayed by a subscription among 
 the inhabitants, to which the Vicar contributed 
 £1,000. 
 
 The Chapels. 
 
 BAKEK STREET CHAPEL. 
 
 The congregation originally assembling on the 
 spot where the present building stands, had its 
 rise in the worst days of Nonconformist persecu- 
 tion. During the rei<jn of Charles II. several 
 persons were in the habit of gathering together 
 in Enfield for religious worship, finding there a 
 safe retreat. 
 
 On the passing of the Toleration Act (1st "Wm. 
 and Mary) a Chapel was erected and a church 
 formed. The Rev. Obadiah Hughes, of Christ- 
 church, Oxford, was chosen the first pastor, in 
 1688-9. The original buikling was from time to 
 time enlarged and altered, until the year 1752^
 
 11^ 
 
 when the congregatioB^ having piirchasecl the 
 freehohl, thoroughly repaired the fabric, and 
 beautified the interior v>^ith massive oak fittings. 
 In 1848 it was again repaired, soon after the 
 settlement of the present pastor, the Rev. S. J. 
 Smith, B.A. 
 
 THE OLD INDEPE^'DENT CHAPEL. 
 
 This Chapel (formerly known as the Countess 
 of Huntingdon's) is situate at Chase-side ; it was 
 founded by a Mr. Mathias Dupont, and opened 
 in 1780. Although the pulpit has been generally 
 supplied from the Countess of Huntingdon's 
 College, at Cheshunt, it is strictly congregational 
 in its constitution and principles. The Rev. 
 John Stribling is the present minister. 
 
 THE CONGREGATIONAL CHAPEL, CHASE SIDE. 
 
 On the site of the present chapel (which was 
 formerly called the Independent Chapel) there 
 stood a building of a very mean and inconvenient 
 character, erected in 1793. In 1794 the Rev. 
 William Thomas was chosen pastor, the duties 
 of which he continued to perform until his 
 decease in 1827, a period of thirty-three years. 
 The present large and commodious structure was
 
 114 
 
 erected in 1832; the first appointed minister was 
 the Rev. Samuel Ambrose Davies, who wa* 
 succeeded by the Rev. George Wilkinson. The 
 chapel was presided over by the Rev Dr. Tid- 
 man. Secretary to the London Missionary Society^ 
 up to the close of the year 1857. 
 
 PONDERS END CHAPEL. 
 
 This chapel was opened in 1768 ; the first 
 minister was the Rev. Mr. Alliston, of London ; 
 he Avas succeeded by the Rev. John Knight, 
 who continued for twenty years. In 18'^5 the 
 Rev. G. Clarke, of London, was chosen, and 
 remained till his death, a jjcriod of seven years ; 
 he was succeeded by the Rev. Mr. Wilks, of 
 Newport Pagnell, who continued four years; 
 next followed the Rev. W. Wilsdon, of Preston, 
 who continued seven years ; his successor, Avho 
 is the present minister, the Rev. John Lockycr, 
 of the Lidepcndent Church, Ware, Herts., was 
 appointed in November, 1846. 
 
 MR. FIELDING S CILIPEL. 
 
 The new chapel, at the Highway, was built by 
 the late Rev. Thomas Fielding, Congregational
 
 115 
 
 Minister, at a cost of nearly £700. It was 
 opened by the Rev. Isaac Vaughan, of the New 
 Tabernacle, on the 12th of September, 1854. 
 The services of Mr. Fielding, who was the 
 presiding minister of the chapel, were entirely 
 gratuitous; his benevolence extended to relieving 
 the sick, administering to the wants of the poor, 
 and instructing the ignorant ; he died the 15th of 
 June, 1856. The chapel and school rooms were 
 conveyed over to trustees, appointed by him, for 
 the use and benefit of the inhabitants of Enfield- 
 highway, for all future time. 
 
 "WESLEYAN CHAPELS. 
 
 There are two chapels in this parish used by 
 persons of this religious denomination ; the one 
 situate in Baker-street, was built in 1845 ; there 
 being no stated minister, the pulpit is supplied 
 by local preachers. 
 
 The chapel situate at the Holly-bush belongs 
 to the Primitive Methodists ; it was opened in 
 1852; its pretensions are of a very humble 
 character, being conducted and visited by but a 
 few persons of the labouring classes.
 
 Almshouses. 
 
 Wright's chakity.. 
 
 On the west side of the roacl, at Enfield- 
 hlghway, there is a row of very neat almshouses, 
 bearing the following inscrij)tion on a stone 
 tablet in the centre : — 
 
 THESK ALMSHOUSES WERE ERECTED AND ENDOWED 
 BY MR. CHARLES WRIGHT, OF ENFIELD HIGHWAY, 
 FOR THE SUPPORT OF SIX POOR WOMEN. 
 A.D. 1847. 
 
 Mr. Charles Wright was for many years a 
 respectable inhabitant of Enfield-highway ; he 
 departed this life at his residence, near the 
 Church, on the 19th of August, 1851, at the 
 advanced age of eighty-three. These Alms- 
 houses were erected entirely at his own cost, and 
 endowed by him with the sum of eighty pounds 
 per annum for ever, which sum is secured by a 
 rent-charge on some property belonging to Mr. 
 Wright, in Old-street, St. Lukes, and is to be 
 disposed of as follows : — Ten pounds per annum 
 each to six poor widows; ten pounds to be 
 distributed among them in coals during the 
 winter ; and the remaining ten pounds to be at 
 the disposal of trustees, after paying the insurance
 
 117 
 
 therefrom. The deed, vesting the above charity 
 in the hands of five trustees, was completed and 
 signed October 27th, 1848 ; it was prepared by 
 Mr. James Allsop, Solicitor, of Waltham-abbey. 
 The trustees, appointed by the deed, are Mr. 
 Charles King, (nephew to Mr. Wright), Mv. 
 William Walker, Mr. John Allen, Mr. Ellis 
 Hall, and Mr. Joseph Farmer. The trustees are 
 all to be inhabitants of the district in which the 
 Almshouses are situate, and have the entire 
 disposal of the gift as often as a vacancy shall 
 occur. The charity is left entirely free from all 
 sectarian and parochial influence. The appoint- 
 ment is confined to poor widows, of not less than 
 sixty years of age, who must reside in the 
 Highway, Ponder's-end, South-street, or Green- 
 street, and not to embrace any one residing on 
 the west side of the Highway, nor any one 
 residing at Enfield-lock. Since the appointment 
 of the first trustees, two vacancies have occurred, 
 by the death of Mr. Joseph Farmer, and the 
 removal from the parish of Mr. Charles King, 
 which vacancies have been supplied by the 
 appointment of Mr. William Mitchell and J. 
 P. Jones, Esq. The appointment and filling 
 up the trust as often as a vacancy may occur, 
 is vested in the surviving trustees absolutely.
 
 118 
 
 Crowe's almshouses. 
 
 Mrs. Ann Crowe, of Enfield, by will, dated 
 February 26, 1763, gave to her brother, Matthew 
 Kenrick, £500, three per cent, reduced stock, in 
 trust, to apply the dividends thereof towards 
 repairing her Almshouses, in Turkey-street, 
 Enfield, and to buy the four inhabitants thereof 
 three chaldrons of coals yearly, to be equally 
 divided between them ; and the remainder of the 
 money, if any, to be also equally divided between 
 them. The heirs and assigns of the said Matthew 
 Kenrick to have full power to place poor people 
 in the said Almshouses. The Tiianagement of 
 this trust is at present vested in the hands of 
 Colonel Connop and the Kev. J. M. Heath. 
 
 From the earliest times Enfield has been the 
 chosen residence of many of the nobility, 
 gentry, and wealthy merchants — hence the 
 numerous and noble gifts, the result of their 
 benevolence, which will ever redound to their 
 memories. This parish stands pre-eminent for 
 its Charities, as the following account, which is 
 taken from the latest statements published by 
 the trustees, will amply testify.
 
 119 
 
 An account of the several Charities and 
 Estates belonging to the Parish. 
 
 PROUNS OR FROUNCES. 
 
 This Estate apj)ears to have come into the 
 possession of the Parish of Enfield by purchase, 
 in 1516; it consists of — 
 
 The house called the " King's Head Inn," 
 with Saint Andrew's Croft, (wherein was 
 formerly held Saint Andrew's Fair, but now 
 made into a garden and bowling green), is let 
 on a repairing lease. 
 
 Also of the house in the Church-yard, called 
 " The Old Coffee House," which was the 
 residence of John Prouns, in the year 1399, 
 from whom the estate takes its name. The rent 
 of this house is appropriated to the use of the 
 master of the Free School for the time being, the 
 house having formerly been the residence of 
 the several schoulmasters. 
 
 The house, also in the Church-yard, used as a 
 Free School, by the Benileet trustees, and built 
 about the year 1590; towards which building, 
 William Garrett, Citizen of London, by his will, 
 in 1586, gave fifty pounds. 
 
 In consequence of the inclosurc of the 
 Common, in 1801, an allotment of land, situate
 
 lf>0 
 
 on tlic E,idgeway-road, containing la. 2r, 17p., 
 l)eing part of No. 1684^ was awarded to the 
 trustees of Frounces ; tlie rent for which is to be 
 disposed of to the same use as the rent of the 
 King's Head Inn. The herbage of the gravel 
 pit adjoining this allotment, belongs to the 
 trustees of Prounccsj and is let with the 
 allotment. 
 
 WROTH S GIFT. 
 
 Sir Henry Wroth, in consideration of his 
 inclosing part of Stonard's-field (which was then 
 common,) agreed, in the year 1547, that the 
 owner of Stonard's-field, for the time being, 
 should pay to the parish of Enfield at ]Michael- 
 mas every year, the sum of £1 7s. 6d., being at 
 the rate of sixpence per acre, for 55 acres so 
 inclosed, to be distributed amongst the poor of 
 the parish. 
 
 The family of Wroth held Durants's Estate, 
 upwards of 300 years. It is now the property of 
 Woodham Connop, Esq. by whom the above sum 
 of £1 7s. 6d. is paid, which is disposed of in 
 bread, given to the j)t)or, at the Church every 
 Sunday.
 
 121 
 
 RAMSTON S GIFT. 
 
 Jvobcrt Ramstoiij of Chingford, iu tlie County 
 of Essex, gentleman, by his will, dated August 
 1st, 1585, gave to the poor people of Enfield, the 
 sum of forty shillings, to be paid to the church- 
 wardens in the month of November, yearly, out 
 of the freehold and copyhold lands in the county 
 of Essex, which he gave to his wife ; but if she, 
 her heirs or assigns, should neglect to pay the 
 same, the said Estates are to go to Thomas 
 Goodge, of Stratford-le-Bow, gentleman, and his 
 heirs; if he or they neglect, then to Nicholas 
 Brooke, of Waltham Holy-cross, gentleman, and 
 his heirs ; and if he or they neglect, then to the 
 right heirs of him, the said Robert Ramston. 
 
 The land subject to this rent-charge is called 
 " Strood Hall Farm," in the parishes of Little 
 Canfield, Little Eastoii, and Great Dunmow, all 
 in the county of Essex ; the property of Lord 
 Maynard. It is paid by Lord Maynard, and by 
 order of vestry, June 4th, 1829, is disposed of 
 by the vicar and churchwardens in clothing for 
 the poor. 
 
 WILSON S GIFT. 
 
 Thomas Wilson, of London, brewer, by will 
 dated October 30th, 1590, gave all the rents, 
 
 I
 
 122 
 
 issues, and profits of three houses, with the 
 appurtenances, situate near the Bars, on the 
 south side of Whitechapel, in the County of 
 Middlesex, to be yearly bestowed on six poor 
 men of the parish of Enfield, to be paid to them 
 quarterly, within one month of every quarter- 
 day ; the said poor men to be from time to time, 
 chosen and appointed by the churchwardens and 
 six parishioners, of the parish of Enfield, always 
 at a vestry. And if any of the said poor men, 
 go and dwell out of the parish, or die, or become 
 wealthy, and able to live without the same, then 
 from time to time, another to be chosen in his 
 room, in form aforesaid. And if this part of his 
 will is at any time not performed, then this 
 estate to go to the testator's heirs for ever. 
 
 One of these houses (the corner house of 
 Somerset-street, Whitechapel) has b6en sold 
 under an Act of Parliament (42 Geo. 3, c. 101) 
 to the trustees of the Commercial-road, and the 
 purchase money, amounting to £2,091 5s. 8d. 
 three per cent, consols, stands in the bank books 
 in the name of " The Accountant General of the 
 Court of Chancery, exparte the Commercial-road 
 Trust," and may be applied to the purchase of 
 any real estate, whenever a fit opportunity oflcrs. 
 The yearly dividend is £62 14s. lOd.
 
 123 
 
 The other houses are let on repairmg leases 
 respectively to Mr. Richard Lankester and Mr. 
 George James, at £80 each house per annum, 
 for twenty-one years, from the 25th of March, 
 1849 ; the tenants to insure them from fire in a 
 London office, in the names of the trustees. 
 
 Each poor man now receives £34, as one 
 
 year 
 
 's gift. 
 
 SMITH S GIFT. 
 
 William Smith, of the parish of Enfield, 
 yeoman, by will dated September 26th, 1592, 
 gave £4 per annum, for ever, to the vicar and 
 churchwardens of Enfield, for the time being, 
 by four even portions, at the four usual quarters; 
 which money the testator directed the said vicar 
 and churchwardens, calling unto them some four 
 other men of the same parish, to distribute among 
 the poor inhabitants where most need is. And if 
 the said sum or any part thereof should be unpaid 
 for two months after any of the said quarters, the 
 said vicar and churchwardens, and four other 
 men, might enter into the house and lands men- 
 tioned in his will, and let out the same at such 
 rent as they might think proper. 
 
 The property liable to the above rent-charge,
 
 124 
 
 is a house and premises charged with the pay- 
 ment of £2 16s. 8d. per annum j and an acre of 
 land in Cocker-lane, charged with the payment 
 of 10s. per annum ; and the premises now used 
 as a Workhouse for the pauper children of the 
 Edmonton Union, in which Enfield is included, 
 charged with the payment of 13s. 4d. per annum. 
 The Union pays to the parish of Enfield £150 
 rent per annum, which goes in aid of the poor 
 rate. 
 
 GRAVE S GIFT. 
 
 Roger Grave, of Enfield, yeoman, (buried at 
 Enfield September 14th, 1599,) gave, by will, 
 40s. yearly, for ever, to the Master of the Eree 
 School, of the Parish of Enfield, for the time 
 being, for and towards his recompence for 
 teaching and instructing the poor children of the 
 inhabitants of the Parish ; to be paid out of the 
 issues and profits of a certain tenen^cnt with the 
 appurtenances, situate between the New-river 
 and the road at Pattens-Avare, near Forty-hill, 
 Enfield, half-yearly, at Michaelmas and Lady-day. 
 
 The house has been pulled down, and the 
 ground added to the garden of the late Richard 
 Gough, Esq., which is now the property of 
 Miss Child.
 
 125 
 imggot's gift. 
 
 Thomas Piggot, by will, dated February 25th, 
 1681, gave to the parish of Enfield yearly, for 
 ever, ten shillings, to be laid out and distributed 
 in bread on St. Thomas's-day, to the poor of 
 Ponder's-end, quarter ; and in default of payment, 
 he gave power of distress and sale, to the 
 churchwarden and overseer of Ponder's-end 
 quarter, on any of his lands given to his kinsman, 
 Thomas Piggot, and his heirs, on which the same 
 is charged. 
 
 The only piece of land now certainly known, 
 liable to this rent-charge, is called " Gargins," 
 situate in South-street, Ponders'-end. 
 
 JASPER NICHOLS' GIFT. 
 
 Jasper Nichols of Saint Sepulchre's, London, 
 yeoman, by will, in 1614, gave to the poor of 
 the parish of Enfield, the sum of fifty pounds, 
 the interest thereof to be distributed in bread, at 
 the church on Sundays, at the rate of 52s. a 
 year. 
 
 With this sum, and a further gratuity given 
 by the executors, the ]iarishioners, in the year 
 1615, purchased an estate called the Bull and
 
 126 
 
 Bell, at Horsepool-stones, Enficld-w ash ; subject 
 to a lease to Edward Knott, for 5,000 years, at 
 at the rent of £3 per annum. 
 
 In the year 1620, the parish purchased this 
 lease, of the said Edward Knott, and thus came 
 into full possession of the estate, consisting of a 
 dwelling house, yard, garden, and orchard, and 
 two acres, two roods, and twenty-five poles of 
 land, with two cottages thereon. The tenant of 
 the dwelling house is Mr. Thomas Crossingham, 
 at a yearly rent of £20, The cottages and land 
 were held by the late Mrs. Ann Palmer, at £20 
 per annum, — the tenants are bound to insure. 
 The sum of £S6, which is part of the rent, is 
 equally divided between three widows. 
 
 DAVID S GIFT. 
 
 John David, of Enfield, yeoman, by wnll, dated 
 November 20th, 1620, gave all his messuages 
 or tenements, with the appurtenances, situate on 
 the east side of the Market-place at Enfield, to 
 certain persons in trust, that they and their 
 successors, for ever, should yearly bestow and 
 employ the rents, issues, and profits thereof, 
 towards the relief of four poor aged and well 
 disposed widows of the said parish of Enfield,
 
 127 
 
 to be paid to tlicm in equal portions, at the four 
 usual feasts, or within twenty-one days there- 
 after ; the said widows to be chosen by the 
 churchwardens and six parishioners of the said 
 parish, always at a vestry. And if any of the 
 said widows go and dwell out of the said parish, 
 marry, or die, then, from time to time, another 
 to be chosen in manner and form aforesaid. 
 
 The estate consists of the Greyhound Inn, and 
 eight houses adjoining thereto, on the east side 
 of the Market-place, let on a repairing lease, at 
 £40 per annum, for 99 years, from Midsummer, 
 1788 ; but in consequence of the inclosure of 
 the common, the tenant is allowed £2 lis. per 
 annum, and the trustees have an allotment of 
 land in lieu thereof, situate on the Ridgeway- 
 road, containing oa. 2v. 21p., let at £7 17s. per 
 annum. 
 
 THE BENFLEET ESTATE. 
 
 This estate consists of the following property : 
 A farm called " Poynetts," containing 270 
 acres of land, in the parishes of South Benfleet 
 and Hadleigh, in the county of Essex, and is let 
 on lease to Mr. William E. Benton, at the rent 
 of £150 per annum ; the tenant to keep the
 
 128 
 
 premises in repair, to pay all outgoings, and to 
 insure the buildings from fire for £500. 
 
 A field, containing three acres and one rood, 
 in the parish of Thundersley, in the same county, 
 let at £3 per annum to Mr. Kuightsbridge. 
 
 Part of an estate called " Edward's Hall," 
 containing 89a. 2r. 29p,, situate in the parish 
 of Eastwood, in the same county, let at £80 
 per annum, except the two lodges, which are 
 let to tenants at will, at £5 per annum each. 
 
 Also the house and school-room, in Enfield- 
 church-yard, used as a free school, built upon 
 Frounces' ground, but no rent is paid for the same. 
 The appropriation of the rents of this estate will 
 be found in the account of the foundation of the 
 Free-school. The timber on the estate is reser- 
 ved to the parish. 
 
 The whole of Edward's Hall was purchased 
 in the year 1816, by the trustees of the Benfleet 
 estate, and the trustees of King James's Gift. 
 The estate being divided into two parts, by a 
 road leading from llalcigh to Southend, that part 
 lying north of the said road, was purchased by 
 the Benfleet trustees, at the sum of £2,300, and 
 that part lying south of the same road, by the 
 Trustees of King James's Gift, at the price of 
 £1,700.
 
 129 
 
 AN ACCOUNT OF THE FOUNDATION OF THE 
 FREE SCHOOL. 
 
 In the year 1418, when wheat was eight 
 shillings a quarter, Robert Blossom, of South 
 Benfleet, in the county of Essex, Esq., by his 
 will, charged his estate called Poynetts, at South 
 Benfleet, Hadleigh, and Thundcrsley, in the said 
 county, with the maintenance of a chantry, in 
 the church of South Benfleet, for three years. 
 
 In 1440, Agnes, the widow of the said Robert 
 Blossom, resided at Enfield, in the county of 
 Middlesex, and in 1448, married John Hulfield, 
 of Enfield, Esq., and Poynetts was then put into 
 the hands of Lord Tiptoft, as trustee. In 1455, 
 Lord Tiptoft conveyed it to William Daubeney, 
 who married Hulfield's wndow. 
 
 In the year 1457, Poynetts came into the 
 possession of Robert Ingleton, wdio, in 1471, 
 obtained a license from Edward the Fourth, to 
 found a chantry in Enfield Church, to be called 
 "Blossom's Chantry," and to endow it with lands 
 "as far as to the value of ten marks (£6 los. 4d.) 
 per annum, above outgoings." Accordingly, he 
 conveyed Poynetts to Edmund Causton^ (then 
 vicar of Enfield) and others, for the maintenance 
 of a " Capellan Cantarist," to pray daily, in the
 
 130 
 
 cliurch of Enfield, for the welfai'e of the King 
 and Queen, and for then* souls, when they shall 
 have departed this life ; for the souls of Robert 
 and Agnes Blossom ; and of all those who had 
 died in the faith. 
 
 Thus, in right of the church, the parish of 
 Enfield became possessed of Poynett's estate, 
 subject to the payment of ten marks per annum, 
 for the maintenance of a chantry. 
 
 In the reign of King Henry the Eighth, the 
 monasteries were suppressed, and their lands 
 seized by the Crown ; and in the first year of 
 King Edward the Sixth, (1547) a statute was 
 passed, abolishing the chantries, and giving to 
 the King all manors, rents, pensions, and other 
 hereditaments belonging to the chantries, (except 
 copyhold land) which had not fallen into the 
 hands of his predecessor. 
 
 Thus fell " Blossom's chantry." 
 
 Under the aforesaid statute. King Edward, in 
 the second year of his reign, sold Poynctts to 
 Walter Farr and Ralph Standish, for the sum of 
 £200, the annual rent being at that time, £10 : 
 but we find, by a decree in the Court of Augmen- 
 tations, in 1550, that the purchase-money was 
 returned, " it being doubtful whether the King 
 had a lawful title to the estate, yea or no."
 
 181 
 
 But whatever were the claims of the Crown, 
 whether to the whole estate, or only to some 
 part thereof, or only to the ten marks per annum, 
 it is certain that Queen Mary relinquished her 
 claims on, and possession of, all the church and 
 abbey lands which had fallen into the hands of 
 her predecessors. The parish of Enfield, in 
 1558, seem to have taken this opportunity of 
 founding a Grammar-school at Enfield, to which 
 design they were probably induced by what is 
 said in the aforesaid statute relating to Grammar- 
 schools.* 
 
 The first deed intended for the endowment of a 
 Grammar-school, is dated January 2Tth, 1557-8 ; 
 this deed, which would have endoAved the School 
 with the whole estate, clearly appears not to 
 
 * The account given by Mr. Lysons in liis "Environs of 
 London " of the endowment of the present School by John 
 Carewe, in 1507, is evidently erroneous, as John Carewe had 
 no other interest in Poynett's Estate, but as son and heir of 
 Eoger Carewe, the last of the Trustees, named in the deed of 
 1 500 ; and it is a matter of surprise that it did not occur to 
 Mr. Lysons, that John Carewe, could not have endowed the 
 School with any part of this Estate in 1507, inasmuch as the 
 Chantry was endowed with it in 1471, and so continued until 
 the suppression of Chantry in 1 547 ; and also that he did not 
 discover that the present School is not the same as the one 
 endowed in May, 1558.
 
 IS2 
 
 have been perfected, inasmuch as only two of the 
 three surviving trustees, put their seals to it, and 
 no livery of seizen is endorsed thereon. It 
 appears by the register of burials in Enfield, that 
 Robert Alford, one of the said three trustees, 
 died in April, 1558, it is therefore probable that 
 he never executed the deed, for on May 25th, 
 1558, the two surviving trustees conveyed the 
 estate to nearly all the same persons named in 
 the said infe?ided deed of January 27th, 1557-8. 
 
 By this deed of May 25th, 1558, a Grammar- 
 school, instead of being endowed with the whole 
 estate, was endowed with only £6 13s. 4d. per 
 annum out of the rents of Poynetts " to teach 
 the children of the poor inhabitants of the parish 
 of Enfield to know and read their alphabet 
 letters, and to read Latin and English, and to 
 understand grammar, and to write their latins 
 according to the trade and use of grammar- 
 schools," which sum was the amount of the 
 stipend formerly allowed to the chantry priest ; 
 the remainder of the rent, after paying for 
 requisite repairs, was reserved to the poor ; and 
 as a further proof that the January deed was, in 
 those times, considered a nullity, the deed dated 
 Aug. 2Gth, 1598, speaks of the trustees who gave 
 the £6 13s. 4d. per annum, as " the first givers."
 
 133 
 
 This deed of 1598, is the last by which the 
 above School was endowed; the crown soon 
 afterwards seized the estate, consequently the 
 schools ceased to exist. 
 
 Although, in the reign of Queen Elizabeth, all 
 the acts of Edward the Sixth, respecting religion, 
 were renewed and confirmed, and all religious 
 houses founded by Queen Mary, annexed to the 
 crown, yet the claims of the crown upon Poynett's 
 estate, appear to have lain dormant until the year 
 1615, when it was sold to Edmund Duffield and 
 John Babington ; and after passing through 
 several hands, it was purchased by the parish of 
 Enfield in 1619, of Thomas Kenethorpe, of 
 London, Esq. for the sum of £100 Is. Od, who 
 accordingly conveyed it to Sir Nicholas Salter, 
 Nicholas Raynton, and Benjamin Deycrowe, in 
 trust, for the parish; and on September 1st, 1621, 
 a new deed of trust was made, whereby the 
 livesent School was endowed with £20 per annum 
 " for a learned, meet, and competent Master, to 
 teach the children of all the inhabitants, the cross 
 row, or alphabetical letters, reading, writing, 
 arithmetic, and s;rammar." * 
 
 * This Book, in manuscript, was the source from whence the 
 Commissioners, appointed to enquire into the Charities of Great 
 Britain, obtained the information relating to this Charity, 
 contained in their Report.
 
 134 
 
 The parish had for several years previous to 
 1819, increased the Schoolmaster's salary to £100 
 per annum, and had allowed him an Usher at 
 £60 per annum, although the Benfleet estate did 
 not, during that time, produce more than about 
 £70 a year ; but the estate, together with the 
 new purchase of " Edwards' Hall," having been 
 let in 1817 at an increased rent, the Schoolmaster, 
 in 1819, filed a Bill in Chancery for an increase 
 of salary, &c. which cause was finally heard 
 August 2nd, 1825, when a scheme for the future 
 government of the School, and the disposal of 
 the rents of the estate, was proposed by the 
 trustees, and made an Order of Court, whereof 
 the following is an abstract, viz. — 
 
 That the trustees shall from henceforth for 
 ever, apply and dispose of the yearly rents, 
 issues, and profits of the said charity estates, in 
 manner following, (that is to say) in the first 
 place, in payment of all outgoings payable there- 
 out, and all expenses incurred in the management 
 thereof, and of all taxes, rates, and assessments 
 now or hereafter to be levied, assessed, or imposed 
 by Parliament or otherwise, upon, or in respect 
 to the said estates, or the school-house belonging 
 thereto, and also in the repairs of the bviildings 
 on the said estates, and the said school-house ;
 
 135 
 
 and for such fuel for tlie use of the school-room 
 as be necessary ; provided that no greater sum 
 than £20 be laid out in the repairs of such 
 school-house in any one year, without the consent 
 of a Vestry, consisting of at least ten inhabitants 
 who are not trustees, called by public notice in 
 the Parish Church of Enfield on the preceding 
 Sunday; nor any sum exceeding £100 in any one 
 year, without an order of the Court of Chancery; 
 nor shall any thing be done relating to the said 
 estates, or the revenues thereof, or the said School, 
 or the Master, or Usher thereof, (except where 
 otherwise directed) but in a Vestry consisting of 
 ten such inhabitants, and called in manner 
 aforesaid : 
 
 That out of the residue of the said rents, there 
 shall be paid to the Schoolmaster for the time 
 being, the annual sum of £120 by half-yearly 
 payments, on the 25th day of May, and the 25th 
 day of November, to teach and instruct the 
 children of all the inhabitants, in the said school- 
 house, in the arts of reading, writing, grammar, 
 and arithmetic, on every day in the week (except 
 Sunday) from the hour of nine in the forenoon 
 to twelve at noon, and from two to five in the 
 afternoon, (except the afternoons of Wednesday 
 and Saturday ; and except during one month in
 
 136 
 
 the summer, commencing on the 21st day of Jnno, 
 and one month in the winter, commencing on the 
 21st day of December, in every year.) And the 
 said Master, (or the Usher in his place, if there 
 be an usher, and the Master shall so direct,) shall 
 attend the scholars to, and during divine service 
 at the Parish Church of Enfield, on Sundays and 
 prayer days : 
 
 But should the number of scholars, on an 
 average of the five months between each half- 
 yearly holidays, be below sixty, the said salary 
 of the Master for the time being, shall be reduced 
 one-third, so long as the scholars remain under 
 that number : 
 
 That whenever the number of scholars amount 
 to sixty, the Master may appoint a fit and proper 
 Usher (subject to the approbation of the trustees,) 
 and that the trustees shall pay such Usher a 
 salary of £50 a year, by half-yearly payments, 
 at Midsummer and Christmas; and when the 
 average number of any five months, shall be 
 below sixty, then the said trustees, or the major 
 part in number of them, shall be at liberty to 
 discharge or suspend such Usher until such time 
 as the said scholars shall amount to sixty : 
 
 That in order to ascertain the number of 
 scholars, the Master for the time being shall keep
 
 137 
 
 a true and exact register of all the scholars from 
 time to time attending the said School, containing 
 their names, ages, and their days of attendance, 
 and shall produce the same whenever thereto 
 required by the trustees ; a true copy of which 
 register, signed by the Master, shall, on the first 
 Monday in every month, be transmitted by him 
 to the Vestry-clerk of Enfield, or such other 
 person as the trustees shall appoint, and the 
 number shall be ascertained every half-year by 
 the average amount of the five preceding returns, 
 and in case the Master fail to transmit such list 
 regularly, so signed as aforesaid, the number 
 shall be deemed to be below sixty : 
 
 That the trustees for the time being, and the 
 inhabitants of the parish of Enfield entitled to 
 vote in vestry, (or the major part of those 
 assembled in such vestry as aforesaid,) may 
 remove any Master, or Usher, for any misconduct 
 misbehaviour, or infirmity, rendering either of 
 them incapable of performing the duties of his 
 office, the trustees giving the Master or Usher, 
 as the case may be, ten days' notice in writing of 
 their intention of calling such vestry, and of the 
 cause or causes of such proposed or intended 
 removal of the said Master or Usher ; and in 
 case of the death or resignation of the INIastcr 
 
 K
 
 138 
 
 for the time being, or of his removal as aforesaid, 
 the trustees shall, within three months thereafter, 
 call a vestry in manner aforesaid, to appoint a 
 Master in his room ; and that the trustees and such 
 vestry may, from time to time, form such rules and 
 regulations for the good management of the said 
 School, as they may think proper, so that they be 
 not repugnant to the rules hereby established : 
 
 That the Master, for the time being, shall 
 occupy the School-house as his dwelling, free 
 from all rates and taxes, as the same is now 
 occupied : 
 
 That the trustees shall henceforth for ever, 
 apply such parts of the said yearly rents, issues, 
 and profits, as may remain, after the several 
 payments herein before mentioned, for and 
 towards the relief of the poor orphans and other 
 poor and impotent inhabitants of the parish of 
 Enfield for the time being, as may be from time 
 to time, chosen by the trustees, and such vestry 
 as aforesaid : 
 
 That no part of the said estates be let to a 
 trustee; nor to any person for more than 21 years 
 in possession ; that the greatest rent be reserved 
 that may resonably be obtained without any fine, 
 premium, or forcgift ; and that the tenant be 
 made punishable for waste ; that no tenant be 
 chosen trustee, and no triistce be alloAved to act,
 
 139 
 
 wlio resides out of the parish ; that when any of 
 the trustees shall decline, or become incapable to 
 act in the said trust, or shall cease to reside in 
 the said parish, he shall, within three months 
 after his so declining, or becoming incapable to 
 act, or ceasing to reside in the said parish, relin- 
 cjuish his trust ; and in case of his refusal so to 
 do, he shall be no longer allowed to act as such 
 trustee in any manner whatsoever ; and when the 
 number of trustees shall be reduced, by incapa- 
 city, declining to act, or removal from the parish, 
 to five, four, or three at the least, the trust shall 
 be renewed, and fourteen other inhabitants at the 
 least, added to the survivors, by such vestry as 
 aforesaid, upon the same trusts as arc declared in 
 this scheme, and in the indenture of Feoifment, 
 dated September Ist, 1621, and the schedule 
 thereto annexed. 
 
 The following is a list of the masters of the 
 Free-school : — 
 
 — Bradshawe was master in 1600, at a salary 
 of £20 per annum. 
 
 Thomas Taylor was appointed master in the 
 same year, on the death of Bradshawe. 
 
 Bichard Ward, in 1606-7, and was put into 
 the Deed of 19 James I. 1621, and continued 
 master until 1647.
 
 140 
 
 AVilliain Holmes was the next master. He 
 died in 1664, 
 
 William Nelson, clerk, was appointed in 16T6, 
 
 Dr. Robert Uvedale was master in 1686. 
 
 — Harper was master in 1700. 
 
 John Allen, in 1732. 
 
 Daniel Shipton, in 1761. 
 
 Samuel Hardy, M.A. was appointed in 1762 ; 
 lie resigned in 1793, in wMch year he died. 
 
 John Milne (Member of the University of 
 Aberdeen) was appointed in the same year. 
 
 James Emery succeeded in 1831, and was 
 called upon to resign in 1846.* 
 
 Charles Chambers was elected 14th Dec. 1846, 
 but as Emery would not vacate the school-house 
 till a consideration was paid him, Chambers did 
 not enter upon his duties till the following year.f 
 
 At a meeting of the Trustees, held on the 19th of Sept. 1825, 
 Ordered, — 
 
 " That notice be given to tlie master of the Free School, that 
 the Trustees require the scheme lately established by the Court 
 of Chanceiy for the government of the School, to be strictly 
 complied uji^, particularly in respect to the hours of attendance, 
 and the holidays and half holidays." 
 
 * This led to a trial in the Court of Common Pleas. [See 
 A])pendix.] 
 
 t An account of the election, and other matters concerning 
 this latter master -nill also be found in the Appendix.
 
 141 
 
 KING JAMES' GIFT. 
 
 King James I. in the twentieth year of his 
 reign, gave to the Parish of Enfield, two hundred 
 pounds, in consideration of his taking some 
 part of Enfield-chase, to enlarge Theobald's-park, 
 which then belonged to His Majesty; with which 
 money, the parishioners purchased an Estate 
 called " Marches and Devises," in the parish of 
 North-mimms, in the county of Hertford, which 
 they let at eighteen guineas per annum. 
 
 This Estate was sold to Samuel E-obert 
 Gaussen, Esq. under an Act of Parliament^ (48 
 Geo. III. c. 156.) passed for the purpose, and 
 the purchase-money, amounting to £1,740 4s. 2d. 
 three per cent. Consols, placed in Chancery, until 
 an opportunity should offer of investing it in land, 
 as the said Act directed. 
 
 In the year 1816, the trustees, under the 
 sanction of the Court of Chancery, purchased 
 that part of Edwards'-hall, lying South of the 
 road which passes through the Estate, containing 
 94a. 2r. o4p. for the sum of £1,700. which sum 
 was raised by the sale of the said stock, added to 
 the sum of £341 13s. 7d. at that time owing to 
 this gift, from the Benfleet-estate : this part of 
 the Estate is let at £50 per annum, with one of
 
 143 
 
 the lodges on that part belongmg to Benfleet, at 
 £5 per annum. Edwards'-wood is not mcluded, 
 but remains in the hands of the trustees. 
 
 The rent of this Estate is at the disposal of 
 vestry, to any general use that doth concern the 
 town and parish of Enfield, or the poor thereof; 
 the direction in the trust deed that the trustees 
 shall the next Sunday after the receipt, give notice 
 in Church of a vestry to be held that same 
 Sunday afternoon to dispose thereof, has not been 
 acted upon for a great number of years, nor 
 indeed can it be ; but nothing is ever done 
 without the sanction of a vestry. 
 
 DEYCROWE S GIFT. 
 
 John Deycrowe, of Enfield, by will, dated 
 May 25th, 1627, gave a moiety of his messuage 
 or farm, situate at or near Green-street, in the 
 parish of Enfield, and of all barns, stables, houses, 
 out-houses, gardens, orchards, lands, tenements, 
 and hereditaments thereto belonging and apper- 
 taining, as the same are mentioned in a certain 
 presentment or survey, made by a jury, at a 
 Court-lcet holden for the Manor of Worcesters, 
 to Thomas Sone, his heirs and assigns for ever, 
 to pay thereout annually, the sum of four pounds.
 
 143 
 
 by even quarterly payments, to the churchwardens 
 and overseers of the poor of the said parish of 
 Enfield ; who, calling unto them two others of 
 the inhabitants, such as they think well of, shall 
 distribute the said four pounds amongst the poor 
 people of Enfield, for the time being, for ever. 
 
 LOFT S GIFT. 
 
 Henry Loft, of Enfield, yeoman, by will, dated 
 March 3rd, 1631, gave all his freehold lands and 
 tenements, in the parish of Enfield, and in 
 Chigwell, in the county of Essex, unto Anthony 
 Curtis, citizen and vintner, of London, his heirs 
 and assigns, upon condition that he and they 
 should yearly, for ever, pay to the minister and 
 churchwardens of Enfield, for the time being, the 
 the sum of twelve pounds, for the only use and 
 benefit of six poor widows, to be chosen by the 
 said minister and churchwardens, and six others 
 of the vestrymen of the said parish of Enfield, 
 at a vestry, to be equally divided amongst the 
 said poor widows, at the four usual feasts, or 
 within fourteen days after ; and when any one of 
 the said poor widows die, marry, or go and dwell 
 out of the parish, then one other poor widow to 
 be chosen, in form and manner aforesaid.
 
 144 
 
 He also gave, out of the said estate, to the said 
 minister and churchwardens, the sum of four 
 pounds, yearly, for ever, to and for the use and 
 benefit of a preacher or lecturer, who shall 
 preach in the afternoon of the Sabbath days, in 
 the Parish Church of Enfield, (the said lecturer 
 not omitting preaching above one month in the 
 year) to be paid to him on the four usual feasts, 
 in equal portions. 
 
 He also gave, out of the same estate, to the 
 said minister and churchwardens, yearly, for 
 ever, at Midsummer, or within fourteen days 
 thereafter, the sum of four pounds, to be by 
 them bestowed for and towards clothing the poor 
 of the said parish of Enfield, or providing them 
 with such apparel as they shall think proper ; 
 and when the said churchwardens bring in their 
 accounts, they shall yearly give an account, in 
 writing, how this last sum of four pounds has 
 been bestowed and laid out. 
 
 THE MARKET PLACE. 
 
 King James I. having granted a charter to the 
 parish of Enfield, for holding a weekly market, 
 the parish purchased of Francis Sanders, in 1632,
 
 a messuage with the appurtenances, then called 
 " The Vine," which they converted into a market 
 place. The market having fallen into decay, the 
 market buildings were pulled down, and an 
 elegant little stone cross was erected by sub- 
 scription, in 1826. 
 
 The rent of this estate is at the disposal of 
 vestry, to any general use that doth concern the 
 town and parish of Enfield, or the poor thereof; 
 the direction in the Trust Deed that the trustees 
 shall, the next Sunday after the receipt, give 
 notice in church, of a vestry to be held that same 
 afternoon, to dispose thereof, has not been acted 
 upon for a great number of years, nor indeed 
 can it be ; but nothing is ever done, relating to 
 the estate, without the sanction of a vestry. 
 
 Some small payments are made during the 
 statute fair, for standings for booths, &c. 
 
 COCK S GIFT. 
 
 George Cock, of the parish of Saint James, 
 Clerkenwell, brewer, by will, dated September 
 16th, 1635, gave to the parish of Enfield £30, to 
 form a stock, the interest thereof to be yearly 
 given to the poor of Enfield, in bread ; with this 
 sum, and about £20 more, out of the parish
 
 146 
 
 estates, the parishioners purchased a tenement, 
 with a close of pasture adjoining, situate at Bull- 
 beggars-hole, near Clay -hill. In the year 1829 
 Mr. Edward Harnian agreed with the parish to 
 exchange this property for some premises in 
 Enfield-town, adjoining the east end of the 
 Greyhound-inn, which exchange was accordingly 
 made by deed, dated April 17th and 18th, 1829, 
 conveying the last mentioned premises to the 
 Rev. Dr. Cresswell, Messrs. Thomas Browning, 
 Henry Carington Bowles, Peter Pharoah, Benja- 
 min Nicholas Williams, Richard Sneider, Charles 
 Dear, and William AValker, their heirs and 
 assigns, in trust for the vicar, churchwardens, 
 and overseers of the poor for the time being for 
 ever ; the rents and profits to be by them applied 
 to and for the intents and purposes mentioned 
 and contained in the said will of the said George 
 Cock. The parish built, upon this ground, a 
 house, which is now occupied as the residence of 
 the police serjeant, with a cage appended on 
 each side thereof ; it is now taken possession of 
 by the Metropolitan Police Commissioners, and 
 is used as the Enfield Police Station, for which 
 an annual rent of £15 is paid ; the remainder of 
 the ground was let on lease to Messrs. Hoare 
 and Co. of London, brewers, for fifty-eight years,
 
 147 
 
 from Midsummer, 1829, at £12 10s. per annum. 
 There is, belonging to this gift, an allotment of 
 land in lieu of common right, on the Ridgeway- 
 road, containing 1 a. Or. 27p., let to Mr. John 
 Cracknell, at £2 7s. per annum ; which rents are 
 disposed of towards payment for twenty sixpenny 
 loaves, distributed at the church every Sunday in 
 the year. 
 
 EAYNTO]S S GIFT. 
 
 Sir Nicholas Rayntun, Knight and Alderman 
 of London, by will, dated May 2nd, 1646, gave 
 his then dAvelling-house, in Lombard-street, and 
 also another house adjoining thereto, and also a 
 large shop and warehouse adjoining the other 
 side of his said dwelling-house, situate in the 
 parish of Saint Edmund the King, in the City of 
 London, unto the Master and "Wardens of the 
 Company of Haberdashers, for ever, in trust, to 
 pay out of the rents thereof (amongst other 
 payments) the sum of £10 per annum, for ever, 
 to the churchwardens and overseers of the poor 
 of the parish of Enfield, at Michaelmas, to put 
 yearly three poor children apprentices, born in 
 the town of Enfield, in such houses only as have 
 been built above forty years since ; the said
 
 148 
 
 children to be nominated and appointed by the 
 vicar and churchwardens of Enfield for the time 
 being, and six others of the most substantial men 
 of the said parish, whom the said vicar and 
 churchwardens shall choose to call unto them. 
 
 For a great many years the Company made a 
 deduction of £2 a year from this payment, under 
 the head of land tax, in consequence of the 
 dreadful fire of London; but in July, 1813, the 
 attention of the vestry was called to the subject, 
 when an application was made to the Company 
 for the full payment, and also for the arrears for 
 the last thirty-five years, to both which the 
 Company assented, and accordingly paid over 
 the sum of £70, and purchased £100 stock in 
 the three per cent. Reduced, in the names of the 
 trustees, vicar, and churchwardens. 
 
 BILLINGS AND OSBOURN's GIFT. 
 
 William Billings, of Enfield, yeoman, by will, 
 dated June 11th, 1659, gave to his grandson 
 William, and his heirs for ever, several acres of 
 land in the common fields ; also a messuage (since 
 pulled down) with the appurtenances, situate 
 near Cole's-bridge, at Clay -hill, Enfield; charging 
 the said premises with a yearly payment of twenty
 
 149 
 
 shillings^ to the minister and churchwardens of 
 Enfield, at Bartholomewtide for ever, to be by 
 them bestowed yearly in clothing for poor 
 children of the parish of Enfield ; and in case of 
 non-payment, power is given to the said minister 
 and churchwardens to distrain. 
 
 In February, 1666, Ann Osborne, of the 
 parish of Saint Saviour, Southwark, widow, by 
 her will, gave to the parish of Enfield the sum of 
 £100, to purchase land, which should remain for 
 ever ; the interest thereof to be bestowed yearly, 
 for ever, for the relief of poor widows that are of 
 good report, and for putting to school one or 
 more poor child or children, being fatherless or 
 motherless, in the said parish of Enfield, and to 
 be converted to no other use. 
 
 The parish added, out of other rents, £20, 
 and purchased, of the said William Billings, (the 
 grandson) the above described premises, subject 
 to the said rent-charge of twenty shillings ; 
 consequently the trustees of Osbourn's Gift are 
 to pay the said rent-charge. 
 
 In consequence of the Inclosure Act (41 Geo. 
 III. c. 143) the said common-field-land was 
 exchanged, by the Commissioners, for 3a. Ir. lOp. 
 of land, situate at the back of Enfield Workhouse, 
 let to the churchwardens and overseers at £12
 
 150 
 
 per annum, now underlet for gardens. There is 
 a right of vraj to this allotment, sixteen feet 
 wide, from Baker-street, over the tithe allotment. 
 The premises at Cole's-bridge are let in two 
 portions, one at £4 and the other at £2 2s. per 
 annum ; there is also a small piece of land in 
 Mr. Meyer's park, which is taken notice of under 
 the head of " Eaton and Meyer's Gift." 
 
 DIXON S GIFT. 
 
 Henry Dixon, citizen and draper, of London, 
 and an inhabitant of Enfield, by will, dated 
 November 9th, 1693, gave all his messuages, 
 lands, tenements, and hereditaments, in the 
 parishes of Bennington and Munden, in the 
 county of Hertford, and in Enfield, in Middle- 
 sex, and also in the parish of Saint Mildred, in 
 the Poultry, in the City of London, to the 
 Company of Drapers and their successors for 
 ever, upon trust, for and towards placing out 
 apprentices to handicraft trades ; in the first 
 place, such poor boys, wheresoever born, as bear 
 his christian and surname, and arc of the age of 
 fifteen years, or more, the sum of £5 for each 
 boy, and £5 more within one month after he 
 shall be made free of the City of London, to
 
 151 
 
 enable liim tlic better to set up and follow his 
 trade ; and in the next place, such poor boys, 
 wheresoever boriij as bear his surname only, and 
 are of the same age, the sum of £4, and £4 
 more when he shall be made free, as beforesaid ; 
 and in default of such, then such poor boys, 
 born and resident in the several parishes of 
 Bennington and Enfield, and other parishes 
 aforesaid, the sum of £4, and £4 more when he 
 shall be made free, as aforesaid ; and for want of 
 such, then the sons of the tenants of the said 
 lands and tenements, or any part thereof, the 
 sum of £3, and £3 more when he shall produce 
 a certificate of his having served seven years, 
 under the hands of the churchwardens for the 
 time being, of the parish wherein he served, and 
 also a certificate under the hands of the church- 
 wardens where he was born, of his having been 
 fifteen years of age when he was bound ; and 
 lastly, if no such boys apply, then such poor 
 boys as the Company of Drapers may think 
 proper. 
 
 It is necessary that the boy should be presented 
 at Drapers' Hall, on a Court-day, by a church- 
 warden, with the following certificate, viz. — 
 
 " To the Worshipful the Master, Wardens, 
 and Assistants of the Company of Drapers ;
 
 152 
 
 " We, wliose names are hereunder snhsci^ibccl, 
 the Mifiister and Chur chic ar dens of the parish 
 of Enfield, in the countij of Middlesex, do hereby 
 certify the Company above named, that A. B.. 
 the S071 of C. D., by E. his toife, is a poor boy of 
 
 this parish, and was baptised the day of 
 
 , as by the register appeareth; and having 
 
 first made due enquiry, we like and approve of 
 
 F. G. of the parish of , in the City of 
 
 Liondon, Citizen and , to be a fit master 
 
 for the said A. B., and we do therefore desire 
 your Worships^ consent for 3fr. Henry Dixoii's 
 Gift for him to be put out apprentice to the said 
 F. G. for the term of seven years, according to 
 the last will and testament of the said Henry 
 Dixon, deceased; 
 
 " Witness our hands this day of 18 
 
 D. C. Vicar. 
 
 T. N. -| 
 
 ±1. U. ±). > CIntrc/nvardens. 
 
 J. F. J 
 
 DARBY S GIFT. 
 
 Richard Darby, of Gray's-inn, London, Esq. 
 by will, dated January 12th, 1735, gave to the 
 poor, of Ponder's-end quarter, in the parish of
 
 153 
 
 Enfield, £100, to be disn-ibuted to such persons, 
 and in such proportions as his Avife Sarah should 
 think proper. 
 
 The said Sarah Darby never distributed the 
 above legacy, but by order of the Court of 
 Chancery, on September 2nd, 1776, the money, 
 together with interest, amounting to £278 6s. od. 
 was laid out in £333 6s. 8d. three per cent. 
 Consols, the interest thereof to be paid half- 
 yearly, at Midsummer and Christmas every year, 
 to four poor persons of Ponder's-end quarter, to 
 be from time to time nominated and appointed 
 by the inhabitants of the said parish, in vestry 
 assembled, giving notice of such vestry in the 
 church, on the two Sundays next preceding 
 the same. 
 
 The stock stands in the names of the trustees, 
 Edward Harman, Richard Brailsford, Thomas 
 Browning, and William Naylor, 
 
 ENFIELD WORKHOUSE. 
 
 The premises, formerly situate at Chase-side 
 and used as the Workhouse, were purchased by 
 the parish in the year 1740 ; these were subse- 
 quently pulled down, and the present convenient 
 and comfortable building was finished in 1827, at 
 
 L
 
 154 
 
 the cost of £o,624. These premises are charged 
 Avith the payment of los. 4cl. a year, as part of 
 Smith's Gift. 
 
 In consequence of the inclosure of the com- 
 mons in 1801, sixteen poles of ground were 
 added to the garden at the back of the Work- 
 house, and an allotment of land awarded to the 
 overseers in lieu of common right, containing 
 thirty-hve poles, adjoining " David's allotment," 
 let to T. Cracknell at 10s. per annum, which 
 rent is annually paid to the overseers for the use 
 of the parish. 
 
 Part of the 200 acres is used bv the parish as 
 an appendage to the AVorkhouse. 
 
 The Workhouse is now occupied by the 
 Edmonton Union, for the pauper children, for 
 which they pay a rent of £150 per annum.* 
 
 MAKY J^ICHOLS GIFT. 
 
 Mrs, Mary Xichols, of Enfield, by Mill, dated 
 May 2nd, 1751, gave to the parish of Enfield 
 £900, part thereof to be laid out in the purchase 
 of an Organ ; the other part thereof to be 
 deposited in Government securities, the interest 
 to be applied towards paying an organist. 
 
 * For an account ©f the New Infirmary, see Appendix.
 
 155 
 
 There stands in the name of the Accountant 
 General of the Court of Chancery, V. Pattishall, 
 the sum of £380 10s. in the three per cent. 1751, 
 the interest thereof is £11 8s. 4d. per annum. 
 
 The said INIary Nichols also gave £50 ; the 
 interest to be yearly distributed in bread amongst 
 the poor of Enfield, for ever, on the anniversary 
 of her burial, namely the 12th day of June. 
 The sum of £46 10s. formerly invested in the 
 Old South Sea Annuities, now stands in the 
 names of Edward Harman, Richard Brailsford, 
 and William Naylor, in the 3 per cent. Consols. 
 
 MAURER S GIFT. 
 
 Frederick Maurer, of Enfield, Esq., bv will, 
 dated March 22nd, 17T2, gave £50 to the poor 
 of the parish of Enfield, to be distributed 
 amongst them at the discretion of the minister 
 and churchwardens of the parish. 
 
 With this sum the parish purchased £57 10s. 
 three per cent. Consols ; and in the year 1813 
 they added several small balances of different 
 Charities, which arose on account of returned 
 property tax, and therewith purchased as much 
 more of the same stock as made together £100 
 stock, now standing in the names of the trustees.
 
 15() 
 
 The interest is to be disposed of by the vicar 
 and churchwardens in clothing for the poor, by- 
 order of vestry, June 4th, 1829. 
 
 TURPI n's gift. 
 
 Mary Turpin, of Enfield, spinster, by will, 
 dated June 30th, 1775, directed her executors to 
 lay out £200 in the purchase of three per cent. 
 Consols, in the names of the vicar of Enfield, 
 and the churchwarden and overseer of the town 
 quarter, for the time being, in trust, to apply the 
 interest thereof towards teaching and instructing 
 three poor girls of the said parish and quarter 
 (whose parents do not receive alms of the said 
 parish) in reading, writing, and needlework. 
 Accordingly, the said sum was laid out in £240 
 three per cent. Consols, now standing in the 
 names of the trustees, the E.ev. J. j\I. Pleath and 
 Thomas Reynolds, senr. This gift is now paid 
 to three separate teachers. 
 
 ELLSOM S GIFT. 
 
 Joseph Ellsom, of Enfield, butcher, by will, 
 dated INIarch 6th, 1797, gave to his executors, in 
 trust, after the death of his niece, Elizabeth
 
 157 
 
 Kelly, the sum of £200, live per cent, stock, 
 (now £210 new three and a half per cent, stock) 
 the interest thereof to be given in equal portions 
 every half year, within one month after it be- 
 comes due, to two poor widows, or single women, 
 of the age of sixty years and up^vards, and born 
 in the parish of Enfield ; such poor women to 
 be elected by the trustees and the churchwardens, 
 or the majority of them. He also gave the 
 residue of his five per cent, stock, and the 
 residue of his effects, to be laid out in the same 
 stock ; which being done, produced together 
 £312 12s. stock, (now £328 4s. 7d. new three 
 and a quarter per cent, stock) the interest thereof 
 to be given, every half year, within one month 
 after it becomes due, to two other poor widows, 
 or single women, of the age of sixty years and 
 upwards, and born in the said parish of Enfield ; 
 the said last named poor women to be elected 
 in the same manner as the first named two 
 women ; and in case either of the said four poor 
 women depart this life, then another poor 
 widow, or single woman, of the age of sixty 
 years and upwards, and born in the said parish, 
 to be elected in manner aforesaid in her room ; 
 and in the event of the death of either of the 
 three trustees, another trustee to be appointed
 
 158 
 
 by the survivors, witliin three months ; if they 
 neglect to do so, then the churchwardens are to 
 make the appointment. 
 
 EATON' AND MEYER's* GIFT. 
 
 Mrs. Elizabeth Anne Eaton, of London, by 
 will, dated August 24th, 1806, gave all her estate 
 at Enfield, for the benefit of six poor widows ; 
 but as the will was not legally executed, so as 
 to pass real estates, and as no heir at law could 
 be found, an inquisition was held at Enfield, on 
 
 * "James Meyer, Esq. was a gentleman generally known 
 and respected. On first leaving school he went abroad, and 
 spent four years in a merchant's counting-house in Trieste. On 
 his return to England, the habits of industry, and knowledge 
 of the German and other foreign languages which he had 
 acquired, combined with the strong recommendations of an 
 excellent character, were the means of securing to him that 
 respectability and affluence which he so long enjoyed. He was 
 distinguished through life by a delicate sense of honour and 
 propriety, by an inflexible integrity, and by such a strict and 
 conscientious adherence to justice and uprightness in conduct, 
 that he might well be considered as exhibiting to the world a 
 fair and honourable portrait of the British Merchant. Content, 
 though in the prime of life, with the property already acquired 
 in business, he began to form plans for a gradual retirement 
 from his various mercantile engagements. "With this view he 
 removed, in 1800, to Forty Hall, Enfield, which, Avith the park
 
 159 
 
 July old, 1815, when it appeared that fourteen 
 acres of land, in Broadfield, were within the 
 Manor of Enfield, and therefore escheated to the 
 Crown, in right of the Duchy of Lancaster; three 
 houses, and ten acres of land, being within the 
 Manor of Worcesters, fell to James Meyer, Esq., 
 
 and contiguous farm, was considered as a most eligible purchase. 
 Here he soon introduced into his different occupations, the 
 activity and regularity of a man of business. It should be 
 recorded to his honour, that when some property of considerable 
 amount fell to him as Lord of the Manor, he settled it immedi- 
 ately in trust, that the rents arising from the same, might be 
 annually distributed among poor and deserving objects. Without 
 pretending to a classical taste and refinement, he possessed a 
 sound understanding and knowledge of the world. His feelings 
 were strong, and his judgment generally coiTcct, on -.vhich 
 account great deference was paid to his opinions and advice. 
 As chairman of the Select Vestry of the parish of Enfield, he 
 was active and useful in parochial business. He contributed 
 liberally towards the support of public, and private charities, 
 and there is reason to believe that much was given which was 
 concealed. He distributed large sums among tlie poor, par- 
 ticularly towards the education of their children, whose progress 
 he regularly examined at his own house. Attached to the 
 English Constitution, he was loyal to his King, and equally 
 hostile to aristocratic usurpation, and lawless democracy. He 
 was fond of social intercourse, was warm in his attachments, 
 and has proved himself, on trying occasions, a sincere and 
 judicious friend. Raised above the narrow boundaries of 
 sects and parties, by a truly Christian benevolence, his anxiety 
 was to rln 7ood iiiitn '/'/. as he might have opportunity.
 
 IfiO 
 
 as Lord of that Manor who, having sold part 
 thereof for as much money as produced £1700, 
 three per cent. Consols, added thereto £300 of 
 the same stock, being the value of that part of 
 the estate, which he himself retained; and acting 
 upon the original intention of the said Mrs. 
 Eaton, he made over the Avhole £2000 stock to 
 
 What he bestowed in charity was given with so much kindness, 
 as gi-eatly increased the vahie of the gift. Providence had not 
 only blessed him with affluence, but with a heart to enjoy a 
 benevolent deed. He died February 11th, 1826, at Forty Hall, 
 Enfield, of a stroke of apoplexy, in his 71st year. He has 
 left by will £300. to be distributed among the poor inhabitants 
 of the parish of Enfield, requesting that a preference should be 
 given to those who had been regular in their attendance on 
 public worshij): one third being to the ]poor attendants of 
 Baker-street Meeting. Distinguished through life by a con- 
 scientious discharge of religious duties, his daily conduct proved 
 to the world, that the fear of God was before his eyes, and that 
 Christian charity reigned in his heart. Such a character, must 
 of necessity be valued in life, and lamented in death. As the 
 funeral passed through Enfield, the windows and shops were 
 generally closed, out of respect to his memoiy. He was buried 
 in a family vault in the Dutch Church in Austin Friars. 
 Though Mr. Meyer was never married yet the name and 
 respectability of the family will be supported by a brother and 
 nephew, to whom he bequeathed his property. A funeral 
 sermon on Mr. Meyer was preached by the Rev. William Brown, 
 at Baker-street Meeting, Enfield, February 2Cth ; and has been 
 since published, entitled, 'The actively Benevolent Man a 
 Tublic Blessing.' " — 7V/r dentlfmans Magazine.
 
 161 
 
 trustees, by a deed dated November 16th, 1816, 
 enrolled in Chancery ; the interest to be disposed 
 of according to the intentions of the said Mrs. 
 Eaton. The trustees are the Lord of the Manor 
 of Worcesters for the time being, the Vicar of 
 Enfield for the time being, and others. 
 
 Any vacancy in the trust to be filled up by the 
 survivors, but if the survivors be less than three, 
 then the vacancy to be filled up by a vestry, 
 whereof notice shall have been given in the 
 church on two Sundays preceding. Two widows 
 are chosen by the Lord of the Manor of Worces- 
 ter for the time being, one by the Vicar of 
 Enfield for the time being, and three by the 
 majority of the trustees, including the said Vicar 
 and the Lord of the Manor of Worcestors ; the 
 said Lord of the IManor to have the casting vote ; 
 and in case either of the said widows die, or 
 remove out of the parish, or marry, or cease to 
 be poor, then another to be elected in her stead. 
 
 There is a proviso in this deed, that if the said 
 James Meyer, his heirs, or assigns, shall at any 
 time, be evicted, or turned out of possession, or 
 interrupted in the quiet enjoyment of a certain 
 piece of land belonging to Osbourn's Gift, lying- 
 in his park, containing 1 rood and 28 poles, then 
 the said £2000 ^luck shall be transferred to the
 
 W.I 
 
 said James Meyer, his executors, administrators, 
 or assigns, for his and their own proper use and 
 benefit. 
 
 The Duchy Court of Lancaster, in 1828, at 
 the intercession of Dr. Cresswell, agreed to pay 
 the annual rent of the 14 acres above mentioned, 
 amounting to £32 los. 8d. per annum, to the 
 vicar and churchwardens of Enfiekl, every year, 
 Mr. Sawyer having given up a claim Avhich he 
 had to a beneficial lease thereof; and the vicar and 
 churchwardens have agreed to divide the same 
 eqtially between three poor widows, being parish- 
 ioners of Enfiekl, of unimpeachable characters. 
 
 DICKASON S GIFT. 
 
 Thomas Dickason, of Enfield, Esq., by Avill, 
 dated December olst, 1813, bequeaths as follows, 
 viz. — " I give and bequeath unto the vicar and 
 churchwardens of the parish of Enfield for the 
 time being, the sum of £200, which I will, 
 order, and direct, shall be laid out in the joint 
 names of the vicar and churchwardens of Enfield 
 aforesaid, for the time being, in the purchase of 
 permanent Government stocks or funds, at interest; 
 and I will and direct, that such vicar and church- 
 wardens for the time ])eing, shall and do, on the 
 25th dav of December, in every year Ibr ever,
 
 16;J 
 
 pa)% divide, and distribute the interest, dividends, 
 and annual proceeds of such stocks or funds, so 
 to be jnirchased, unto, amongst, and between such 
 poor persons residing within the parish of Enfield, 
 as they, in their discretion, shall think proper 
 objects of charity, and the most deserving ; the 
 widows of housekeepers (not having usually 
 received alms of the parish) to be always 
 preferred." 
 
 The sum of £285 3s. reduced three per cents., 
 stands in the names of the trustees 
 
 CLAXTO^ S GIFT. 
 
 Mrs. Frances Claxton, of Enfield, by will, 
 dated May 19th, 1817, gave to the vicar of 
 Enfield for the time being, £S3o 6s. 8d. three 
 per cent, consols ; the interest of which is to be 
 applied in keeping h'er tomb, in Enfield church- 
 yard, in repair, and if anything remain, the same 
 to be given to some poor widow above 60 years 
 of age. The lagacy duty reduced this to £305 
 stock. 
 
 !kIESTURA,S GIFT. 
 
 James Francis Mesturas, of Enfield, Escj., by 
 will, dated August 2Tth, 1817, gave £50 to the
 
 KA 
 
 churchwardens of Enfield, for the use of the 
 poor ; with which was purchased £50 three per 
 cent, reduced stock, in the names of the trustees, 
 and the interest given yearly to one widow. 
 
 THE TWO HUNDRED ACRES. 
 
 Enficld-chase, previous to its division in 1777, 
 
 in the ahove year it 
 
 contained 8349a, Ir. 30p. 
 was divided as follows, viz 
 
 To the King 
 „ Tithe 
 
 „ Enfield Parish 
 „ Edmonton . 
 ,, South INIimms 
 ,, Hadley , 
 „ Old Park . 
 „ Old Ford . 
 
 A. 
 oOoo 
 
 R. P. 
 24 
 
 519 32 
 1732 2 
 
 1231 2 
 
 1026 
 
 240 
 
 6 
 
 
 
 30 15 
 S6 3 24 
 
 8349 1 30 
 
 As the whole Chase, previous to the division, 
 was within the parish of Enfield, and as the Act 
 dismembered that parish, by annexing the allot- 
 ments of Edmonton, South Mimms, and Hadley, 
 to their respective parishes, two hundred acres 
 were awardc-d to Enfield, in satisfaction of the
 
 165 
 
 said dismemberment; the rent of which said 
 two hundred acres was directed by the act to be 
 applied, one half thereof in aid of the land tax 
 of the parish, and the other half in aid of the 
 poor rate. In 1800, Enfield sold a niuiety of the 
 above two hundred acres, and with the produce 
 redeemed the land tax ; the remaining half, 
 applicable to the poor rate, is let on leases for 99 
 years, from Michaelmas, 1778, (excepting lot o6, 
 containing three roods, and eighteen perches, 
 which is in the occupation of the Workhouse.) 
 
 THE TIMBKK, MONEY. 
 
 The Act of Parliament, passed in the year 
 1801, for dividing and inclosing the Common- 
 fields and Chase-allotment in this parish, directed 
 that a certain part of the timber then growing on 
 the said Chase-allotment, should be sold, and the 
 produce placed in the Government funds, and 
 the interest thereof applied in aid of the poor 
 rate, of Enfield parish. Accordingly the Com- 
 missioners placed £15,131 10s. 4d. three per 
 cent. Consols, in the ilame of the Accountant 
 General of the Court of Chancery, exparte the 
 churchwardens of the parish of Enfield, the 
 annual interest whereof, being £453 18s. lOd.,
 
 IGO 
 
 is yearly applied in aid of the poor rate of 
 Enfield. 
 
 CONDUTTS. 
 
 In the Enfield Inclosure Act of 1777, it is 
 directed — That Sir Thomas Halifax, and his 
 assigns, should continue at his and their costs 
 and charges, a pipe and cock from the main of 
 the conduit on the top of the hill, opposite his 
 house, at Chase-side, " for the use and benefit of 
 the inhabitants of Enfield, in the manner the 
 same is now, (in 1777) or hath been used and 
 enjoyed." 
 
 In the award of the Commissioners of the 
 Inclosure Act of 1801, it is directed, " That the 
 well at the north-east corner of the allotment of 
 David Miles (1810) shall for ever after be con- 
 tinued, and kept open as a public watering 
 place ; and that all persons shall and may, at all 
 times hereafter, have free access, on foot, to the 
 said well, along the footpaths herein before 
 awarded over the allotments of Mary May, and 
 David Miles, to the said well; and tliat the 
 stiles which cross the said footpaths shall at all 
 times hereafter be made commodious and conve- 
 nient for the persons using the said well, by and
 
 167 
 
 at the expense of the owners of the allotments 
 through which the said footpaths arc directed 
 to pass." 
 
 MRS. ANXE GOLGH S GIFT. 
 
 Mrs. Anne Gough, widow of the late Richard 
 Gough, of Forty-hill, Esq., by a codicil dated 
 June 26th, 1830, left the sum of £200, to be 
 distributed amongst poor persons, of the parish 
 of Enfield, at the discretion of *her executors, 
 Humphrey Hall, and John Farran, Esquires ; 
 who, in order to j)erpetuate her memory, and to 
 make her benefaction a source of permanent good 
 to the poor, invested, on the 11th day of April, 
 1834, the above mentioned sum in the three per 
 cent. Consolidated Annuities, purchasing thereby 
 £220 Is. 8d. stock, in the names of the then 
 vicar and churchwardens of the said parish, and 
 directed that they, and their successors, should 
 lay out the dividends thence accruing, in the 
 purchase of articles of clothing, and distribute 
 them, yearly, on the day after Christmas day, 
 amongst the deserving poor of the said parish, 
 for ever. The stock stands in the names of the 
 trustees.
 
 16S 
 
 kelham's gift. 
 
 Mrs. Avice Kelham, of Enfield, by her v,-ill, 
 dated the 12th day of December, 1829,* gave 
 the sum of £1260, three per cent. Consols, the 
 interest of which is to be applied for the benefit 
 of the Girls' Sunday School in London-lane, 
 near the Town; and also the suin of £1000 in 
 
 * Extract from the Will of Mrs. Avice Kelham. 
 
 "I give and bequeath to the said Robert Kelham Kelham 
 and William Belt, of Bedford-row, in the County of Middlesex, 
 their executors, administrators, and assigns, the sum of one 
 thousand pounds, 3^ per cent. Reduced Bank Annuities, upon 
 trust from time to time for ever hereafter, to lay out and 
 expend the annual interest, dividends, and proceeds thereof in 
 the purchase of coals, and to distribute the same in the months 
 of December, January, and February in each and every yeai-, 
 to such poor persons residing within the said Parish of Enfield, 
 as they the said Robert Kelham Kelham and William Belt, or 
 the survivor of them, or the executors, administrators, or 
 assigns of such suiwivor shall think fit. And it is my will, and 
 I do hereby direct that in the distril)ution of the said coals, 
 aged widows shall always have the preference. 
 
 I give and bequeath to the said Robert K. Kelham and 
 William Belt, their executors, administrators, and assigns, the 
 further sum of £1400, 3| per cent, reduced Bank Annuities, 
 upon trust from time to time for ever, hereafter to receive the 
 annual interest, dividends, and proceeds thereof, and to pay 
 the same, as the same shall become due and be received, into 
 the hands of the treasurer, for the time being, of the Girls' 
 Sunday School, now held at the Free School, at Enfield,
 
 169 
 
 the same Stock, the interest of which is to be 
 applied in purchasing coals for the poor (chiefly 
 aged widows) of Enfield. 
 
 The dividend annually arising therefrom is thus 
 distributed, viz. — £29 12s. Od. for coals, and 
 £37 6s. Od. for the benefit of the school, which 
 
 aforesaid, to be applied by the committee of management of 
 the said school, in mannei* hereinafter mentioned, that is to 
 say, as to the annual sum of eight pounds, part thereof in 
 paying a salary of eight pounds per annum to the school 
 mistress for the time being of the said school, and as to the 
 remainder thereof in clothing the scholars of the said school, 
 and for tind towards the iastriiction of the said scholars, or any 
 other purpose for promoting the interest of the said school that 
 the said committee of management thereof for the time being 
 shall think fit. 
 
 But in case the said Sunday School shall at any time here- 
 after be 'discontinue<l to be attended by ladies, as a committee 
 of management thereof, then it is my will, and I do hereby 
 direct that from thenceforth the annual sum of ^£^20, part of 
 the said last mentioned annual interest, dividends, and proceeds, 
 shall be paid as a salary to the schoolmistress of the said school, 
 to be from time to time chosen by the vicar for the time being, 
 of Enfield, and the remainder of, shall be from time to time 
 applied in or towards clothing the children of the said school, 
 in such manner as the said vicar for the time being shall think 
 fit. And I do hereby direct that the receipt and receipts of the 
 treasurer for the time being, of the said Sunday School, shall 
 be a suflicient discharge to the person or persons paying the 
 whole or any part or parts of the annual interest, dividends^ 
 &c." She died 27th July, 1841. 
 
 M
 
 170 
 
 suras are paid by tlie executors of Mrs. Kelham's 
 will, and are applied as directed, tlie former by 
 tlie Rev. John Moore Heath, Vicar, and the latter 
 by J. V. Asbury, Esq. Treasurer to the said 
 school, respectively. 
 
 The Sunday School, herein mentioned, was 
 originally held at the Free School, in the Church- 
 yard, but has since been combined with the 
 National Schools, in London-lane. 
 
 The fund, (£37 Gs. Od.) according to the will 
 of the testatrix, is directed to be disposed of 
 entirely for the benefit of the said school, — viz. in 
 educating and clothing the children, and including 
 a salary of eight pounds per annum, paid to the 
 Schoolmistress, for giving the guds religious in- 
 struction and taking them to Church on Sundays. 
 
 The average number of girls attending is 
 between 40 and 50. 
 
 THE GREEN AND ENCROACHMENTS. 
 
 The Enfield Inclosure Act, (41 G. 3, c. 143,) 
 directed. That the Commissioners should set out 
 and allot to the vicar, churchwardens, and 
 overseers for the time being, to be held by them 
 and their successors for ever, such part of the
 
 171 
 
 Chase, called the Enfield Allotment, as is called 
 Enfield-chase-green, not exceeding 20 acres, as 
 the said Commissioners should think proper, to 
 be inclosed in such manner as the said Commiss- 
 ioners, by their award, should direct and appoint ; 
 and as soon as the same should be assigned, set 
 out, allotted, and inclosed as aforesaid, the said 
 vicar, churchwardens, and overseers for the 
 time being, and their successors, should from time 
 to time stand seized thereof, with the majority of 
 freeholders and copyholders in vestry assembled, 
 which vestry should be called in the usual manner, 
 and under the same regulations as the Chase 
 vestries are by law directed to be held in the 
 parish of Enfield ; and that they should have the 
 sole and exclusive management thereof in any 
 way they, at such vestries, should direct for the 
 benefit of the poor. 
 
 The Commissioners never did assign, set out, 
 allot, or inclose any part of this Green, nor have 
 they, by their award, given any directions, or 
 made any appointment, relating thereto ; therefore 
 the vicar, churchwardens, and overseers, with the 
 freeholders, and copyholders in vestry, do not 
 stand seized thereof under the Act. 
 
 It may therefore be considered that the Chase 
 green is still vested in the churchwardens, for
 
 172 
 
 the time ■being (who were incorporated) by the 
 17 Geo. 3, c. 17, an act for dividing the Chase 
 of Enfield, in trust for the owners and proprietors 
 of freehold and copyhold property, within the 
 parish, and their tenants, entitled to rights of 
 common, &c. 
 
 The sum of three pounds is paid by Thomas 
 Cooper, Esq. for encroachments, and disposed ot 
 in clothing for the poor. 
 
 NEW llIVEll COMPANY S GIFT. 
 
 The sum of two pounds is annually paid by the 
 New River Company, to the churchwardens of 
 Enfield for the time being, for a certain privilege 
 in respect of drainage, at Chase-side, granted by 
 the parish, which sum is disposed of in clotliing 
 for the poor. 
 
 Note. — A List of the Trustees appointed to administer eac-li 
 of tlie foregoing Charities, will be found in the Appendix.
 
 
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 179 
 
 Boundaries of the Parish. 
 
 The following particulars of the boundaries of 
 the parish, are taken from a plan in the possession 
 of John Sawyer, Esq. Vestry Clerk of Enfield, 
 and extracted from Robinsoii's History, with the 
 names of persons and places altered to the present 
 time. The perambulation of the parish, which 
 should take place every seven years, occupies 
 two or three days : — 
 
 No. 1. — Beginning at the bridge near the nine mile stone in 
 ilie London road called the red bridge : 
 
 2. — From the red bridge over the pales in a bevil line to the 
 cross in Mr. Moorat's garden wall over the same, from thence 
 through the garden over the second wall, and continue along 
 the second garden to 
 
 3. — An oak with a cross at the edge of the New-river ; cross 
 the river, and in a bevil line along Gi'ove-field to 
 
 4. — The oak, with a cross adjoining to the stile leading from 
 the grove to the river ; from thence along the hedge of 
 Mr. Carr's field and little orchard, and in front of Mr. Ford's, 
 through the long pond to 
 
 5. — An old horn-beam stump, with a cross along the hedge of 
 the wood to the brook ; cross the same, and along the bank to 
 
 6. — A cross in the ground, where a beech tree with a cross 
 formerly stood ; then westward to a small oak in hedge with a 
 cross : continue along the hedge to a sallow. 
 
 7. — Then southward to a cross in a small oak in the brook ; 
 along the brook to 
 
 8. — Greeu Dragon-lane ; along Mr. Ford's old park 
 hedge to
 
 180 
 
 9. — Filcap's-gate, a cross in gate post ; continue along tlic 
 hedge of the old park to 
 
 10. — The corner of Mr. Clayton's allotment of thirty acres ; 
 along south-west hedge to 
 
 11. — The Edmonton fence, dividing the Enfield and Edmon- 
 ton commons ; along the fence to 
 
 12. — Cross the road to 
 
 13. — The gate and rails parting the two commons ; along the 
 Enfield fence to 
 
 14. — The corner of the tythe allotment in a straight line to 
 
 1.5. — Part of South-lodge allotment, being the cow-house, 
 yard, &c.; cross the road in a straight line to 
 
 16 — A cross in South-lodge fence ; along the north-east 
 fence to 
 
 17. — The end of the old inclosure ; along the fence of the 
 new inclosure to (a cross in post at the corner of the fence) at 
 
 18. — From thence to the corner ; at 
 
 19. — And from thence to the old inclosure (a cross in an oak 
 and a cross in post the corner of fence) ; to 
 
 20. — Along the old fence to 
 
 21. — The beginning of the other new intake directly oi)positc 
 the Sheep's-head, Temple, along the new fence, and across 
 gravel-])it-pond to 
 
 22. — From thence along the fence until you come opposite to 
 
 23. — The corner of tythe allotment ; cross the road to No. 23. 
 (by this means the whole of the South-lodge and inclosures are 
 perambulated) ; along the tythe fence to 
 
 24. — About four feet on the outside of Mr. Bcvan's park 
 pales ; continue in a straight line westward along Russel's 
 riding to 
 
 25. — From thence southward along the fence joining to Ed- 
 montou-connnon, in a south direcliun, to 
 
 26. — And IVdUi thence along the fence to
 
 181 
 
 27. — The old Chase hedge; along same to a cross in gate 
 post by the side of the road leading from Southgate to Potter's- 
 bar ; cross the road into Lord Feversham's shrubbery; across 
 same to a cross iu an oak over the garden pales, to a cross in 
 post of the fence over the same wall in a straight line to the 
 opposite fence ; over same, and over the brick walls into 
 the kitchen garden to a post E P 28 ; then cross through the 
 kitchen garden door to an elm, and over the centre of the 
 grass plat in front of Lord Feversham's house ; along the fence 
 of Lord Feversham's garden to a cross in the post at the end 
 of the fence ; over the pales across the field in a bevil line to a 
 cross in the post at the corner E P ; along the pale fence to 
 
 28. — A bend in Mr. Barne's pales over the same in a straight 
 line to the north-east corner of his house, and over the lawn to 
 a post E P. 
 
 29. — Cross over the pales, and the road, to 
 
 30. — From thence in a straight line across Mr. Alexander's 
 field to post E. P. 
 
 31. — Over the pales and wall, and through 
 
 32. — His south-west corner window of his house, and out at 
 the opposite one ; then in a straight line to 
 
 33. — A cross in a post No. 33, in the field ; along the field to 
 the ditch ; along the same to 
 
 34. — A cross in post No. 34, from thence in a straight line 
 over the hedge to No. 35 ; through the pond and yard, of 
 Mr. Wragg's, to the garden fence and post 36 ; by a pale fence 
 across the garden over the wall into the yard ; through the 
 same, over the wall into the garden across the lawn, to a cross 
 in the plate and through Mr. Frank's ofiiees, towards a cross in 
 a stone in the garden wall ; along the back front of the house 
 over the late Mr. Idle's fences to 
 
 37. — A cross on a post by the barn in the front of the house; 
 OA'er the same, and across his yards to
 
 182 
 
 38. — A cross on the shed helonginc: to the Cock ; over same, 
 to a post No. 39 ; cross the yard, take iu part of the pond, then 
 by the side of Nixon's cottage fence ; along Mr. Parker's field to 
 No. 40, to an ash tree in the comer of the garden ; along the 
 field fence to a post No. 41 ; continue round the field to a post 
 No. 42 ; cross over the road in a line northward to a cross in 
 the ground by the stile near to Mr. Caters park (liy which you 
 take in a piece of ground which lays open to Hadley-common, 
 which is also claimed by that parish); along the fence westward 
 to the bend 
 
 43. — Then over Mr. Cater's park pales, in a bevil line, to the 
 stake by the corner of the pond 
 
 44. — Across the great pond north-westward to the grip 
 
 45. — Then in the contrary direction to a post in a hedge to 
 
 46. — The park pales ; continuing along the same to the point' 
 
 47. — Then by the gate to 
 
 48. — Adjoining the north of Camlot way (part of Enfield is 
 surrounded by Mimms and Hadley parishes) ; from 48 continue 
 along the east part of the south fence of the allotment to the 
 Minister of Hadley (which is in Hadley parish) to the south- 
 east comer of Mount-pleasant inclosures at 
 
 49. — Here the parish of Enfield begins again. 
 
 From thence to 50, 51, and 52, which are the different angles 
 of the fences belonging to Mount-pleasant inclosures, the whole 
 of whicli are in the parish of Enfield. You now go along the 
 west part of the south fence of the allotment to the Minister of 
 Hadley (which is in Hadley parish) till you come to 
 
 53. — The east corner of the south fence of the late Mr. 
 Nutting's field ; along the garden, from thence to a post; then to 
 
 54. — The pond ; cross the same, and in a straight line to 
 
 55. — The drain along the hedge through the late Mr. Nutting's 
 second garden, the late Kcv. Mr. Garrow's, ami Colonel 
 Dury's fields, to
 
 183 
 
 56. — The garden wall of the lale Colonel Dnrj ; over the 
 same, and in a bevil line, to 
 
 57. — The north wall of the garden ; over the same to 
 58. — Cross the lane to a barn, (now nearly do'sv-n) ; cross the 
 garden where the mill formerly stood, to the comer of the 
 garden at 
 
 59. — Along the foot path in the front of the Windmill and 
 Two Brewers, alehouses to 
 
 60. — The comer of the old fence now adjoining to the allot- 
 ment for Old Ford manor ; along the fence to 
 61. — Bound the comer to the angle at 
 62. — Then along the fence adjoining to an allotment to 
 63. — The end of that allotment ; round the fence adjoining 
 to the Minister of Hadley's allotment, to No, 58 (where you 
 begun) ; this and Dr. Green's are all that are in the parish of 
 Enfield, and are wholly surrotmded by the parishes of Hadley 
 and South Mimms. From 53 you come to 52, along the south 
 fence to Mount-pleasant, back to 48, the north comer of the 
 gate of Camlet way, across the field northward to 
 
 64. — Along the fence to 
 
 65. — And from thence along the fence to the road leading to 
 Gaunick corner, at 
 
 66. — Along the fence adjoining the road to the gate. 
 
 67. — Cross at the gate to a cross in an oak tree. 
 
 68. — Along the bevil fence to 
 
 69. — Then in a straight direction to 
 
 70. — In the road from Cattle-gate ; cross the road eastward 
 to the angle at 
 
 71. — From thence along the north side of the road by 
 
 72. — Near Cooper's-lane to 73, to the late Mr. Hammond's^ 
 Potter's-bar ; from 
 
 73. — The small garden, cross the yard and garden to a cross in 
 his pales 
 
 74. — Thcu to the corner of the field at
 
 184 
 
 75. — An old oak pollard tree in the county ditch along the 
 ditch to Cooper's-lane gate ; cross the road and down the ditch 
 to 71 ; from thence along tlic ditch to 
 
 76. — Cattle-gate. 
 
 A cross in Cattle-gate, over the hedge and across tlie pond ; 
 along the shire ditch to a post under the window of Mr. Millard's 
 Btahle, through same, over a shed, through the second shed, 
 along the fence to a post E P, into a field along the same. 
 
 A cross in an oak, then across a little pond, a post E P, to 
 the lane leading to Mr. Pulley's fields, to 
 
 A cross in an oak along Shire-ditch to the straight lane to 
 
 A cross in Mr. Pulley's wall hy the front door ; in at the 
 door, and out at the opposite door, over the corner of the wall 
 to 
 
 A cross on an elm tree stump at the bottom of Mr. Pulley's 
 field, a post No. 57, to 
 
 A cross in an ash pollard, to a post E P, 
 
 A cross in an hom-beam, over the hedge ; continue along 
 same to a post, and 
 
 A cross in an oak ; from thence in a bevil line across tlie 
 field to a post in the hedge, and a cross in an oak pollard over 
 the same hedge ; across the lane to a cross on an elm tree in 
 fence, into Mr. Gray's first field in a straight line to a post 
 at the bottom thereof, by a small ash over the hedge across the 
 meadow to 
 
 A cross on a small oak post over the fence ; along tiie fence 
 to a cross in the oak pollard in the fence to 
 
 A cross on a small oak in late Sloman's field, to a post. 
 
 A cross in a small oak in the straight row to 
 
 A cross in the same row to a mark on an oak pollard going 
 into the lane ; cross the lane over the hedge to 
 
 A cross in an oak to 
 
 A cross in a post, and ulo7ig in a straight line to an oak in 
 late Mr. Goring's first field, to
 
 185 
 
 A cross in post, in second field, to 
 
 A cross in post in tlie said field, at the corner, over the 
 hedge in a bevil line to a post in the field, by the gate at the 
 bottom of the lane leading from White-webbs to Mr. Goring's. 
 
 A cross in the gate-post ; cross the lane to a jjost in the 
 opposite field to 
 
 A cross in an horn-beam in a nook, to 
 
 A cross in the post at the end of the field over the hedge, to 
 
 A cross in the Post ; cross the field in a bevil line, to 
 
 A ci-oss in the post, and at a cross in an oak pollard; then 
 turn to the right about ten yards, and then turn to the left 
 continue along the south side of the fence of the field to 
 
 A cross in a post; then along the fence to a post at the corner 
 of the field over the hedge, along the fence to 
 
 A cross in the ground to a post. 
 
 Along the fence to a cross in an oak pollard in the fence; 
 along the same to 
 
 A cross in an oak pollard, and 
 
 A cross in post at the corner of the field over the hedge, 
 along the fence to 
 
 A cross in an elm tree over the little pond to 
 
 A cross in post in the next field, along the fence to 
 
 A cross in an elm tree in the corner. 
 
 A cross in the pales in Hullocks's lane near by the stile, up 
 the ditch across the river to the sluice, along the county drain, 
 the middle of the shire ditch field or Rushey meadow to 
 
 A cross in the post by the waste gate near a bridge, dividing 
 Mr. Prescott's and Mr. English's fields, to a post with 
 
 A cross, then to 
 
 A cross in a post, to 
 
 A cross, in a post over the hedge, and along the fence to 
 
 A cross in an oak pollard; continue along the fence to 
 
 A cross in an ash, along the ditch to 
 
 A cross in an elm near the corner of the house to
 
 186 
 
 A cross on the wall of the fami buildings of the late Richard 
 Dyson, south of, and near to the Waltham-cross turnpike gate. 
 
 Across in a post in the road near the garden pales; cross 
 the road through the late Mr. Plume's premsies to corner of 
 the house and garden to a post E P. 
 
 A cross in an elm tree in the fence, along the same to a 
 cross on a tree in the second field ; along the fence to a cross 
 in an oak pollard over the hedge; along county ditch to a dyke; 
 cross over the same; along shire ditch to Cheshunt boundary 
 post by the side of Cheshunt Mill-river ; over river into Rammey- 
 marsh, then northward along the eastern bank of the said river 
 to the north fence of the late Mi-. Johnson's allotment adjoining 
 Cheshunt parish ; along the said fence eastward to the new cut ; 
 cross over same into Little Rammey-Marsh, and round the same 
 to the entrance of the new cut into the river Lea ; across the new 
 cut, along the western bank of the river Lea in a southward 
 direction to the union of the Cheshunt and Enfield Mill-rivers 
 with the river Lea ; ci'oss same and continue along the Western 
 bank of the river Lea to the Government foundery of small 
 ai-ms; through the same, in the direction of the Old Barge- 
 river, by the back part of Mr. Gunner's residence, and continue 
 along the said river, taking in a small island, No. 1422, to a 
 house formerly the King's Head, now belonging to Mr. Beckett, 
 continuing southerly along the said river to the south boundary 
 fence of the marsh, dividing Chingford-marsh from the allot- 
 ment to Trinity College in South-marsh ; along the said fence 
 westwardly and south- westwardly to Mar Dyke; along Mar 
 Dyke (which is takcu into the parish) to the Mill-river over 
 the same ; along the fence of land late belonging to Mrs. Nash 
 to the lock of the new cut over the same ; along the fence of the 
 allotments of the late Mrs. Nash and the late Matthew Robinson, 
 and the old inclosure of Mr. William Allington, into the turn- 
 pike-road from London to Ware (which fence from the Mill-river 
 to the said turnpike-road is bounded on the suutb by Edmonton);
 
 187 
 
 cross the turnpike road, along the fences of the allotments 
 of the late William Mellish, Esq. in West field and Haydon's 
 field to the old inclosure of the late Mr. Mellish called Bradley- 
 moor ; along the fence of the same to the allotment of the laie 
 Mr. Mellish in Joan Potter's field ; along the fence into the 
 park of the late Mr. Mellish ; cross the gi-eat pond ; then to the 
 red bridge in the London road.* 
 
 Population Returns. 
 
 The Census of 1841 gives the number of the 
 population of Enfield as 9,o6T. In 1851 it was 
 stated at 9,453, (of which 4,682 were males) 
 shewing an increase of only eighty-six in ten 
 years. Since 1851 the population has greatly 
 increased, which may now be reckoned above 
 10,000. 
 
 Polling Place. 
 
 Since the passing of the Reform Bill, Enfiehl 
 became one of the polling places for the County 
 of Middlesex. At the time of an election the 
 polling booth is erected in the centre of the 
 Town, and the Committees sit at the various 
 inns to transact their business. 
 
 * The last peramhulation of the Parish took place in 
 Januaiy, 1858, and lasted three days.
 
 188 
 The Railway. 
 
 An Act of Parliament for the short branch Ime 
 from AVater-lane to Enfield, which is only three 
 miles in length, was obtained in 1846, and passed 
 through both Houses without difficulty; it Avas 
 opened on the first of March, 1849. The station, 
 which is situate in the Town, was formerly a 
 very fine old red brick mansion, and, previous 
 to being purchased by the Railway Company, was 
 used as a first class boarding school. It subse- 
 quently underwent a great change externally. 
 
 The undertaking was, at first, projected by a 
 few spirited gentlemen of Enfield, but after the 
 bill was passed, arrangements were made with 
 the Eastern Counties Railway Company, who 
 became proprietors of the line, and by Avhom it 
 was constructed. The cost of this branch Hire 
 was rather great ; the chief item being the making 
 a deviation of the turnpike road at Edmonton, 
 to avoid the danger of crossing the railway, 
 which is here on a level with the public road. 
 Level crossings are not uncommon, as may be 
 found at Ware, Canterbury, Southampton, Peter- 
 borough, and elsewhere, but the IMetropolitan 
 Road Commissioners insisted upon the deviation 
 being made in this case which was consequently 
 at an expense of from £10,000 to £12,000.
 
 189 
 
 There are also two other stations in the parish, 
 one at Ponder's-end, and the other at the Ord- 
 nance-factory. 
 
 Some few years ago it was in contemplation 
 to continue the Enfield branch line to meet the 
 Great Northern Railway. If this project had 
 been carried out it would probably have afforded 
 great facilities to the neighbourhood. 
 
 Public Schools. 
 
 THE NATIONAL SCHOOLS. 
 
 These schools are situate in London-lane ; 
 they were built by subscription in 1839, and are 
 supported by the interest of money funded and 
 assisted by subscriptions, donations, and the 
 weekly money paid by the scholars. At the 
 present time, (1858) the number of boys on 
 the books is ninety ; of girls seventy-two. 
 
 These schools are under the direction of a 
 committee of ladies and gentlemen. There is 
 an examination annually, conducted by one of 
 Her Majesty's Inspectors of Schools. J. V. 
 Asbury, Esq. is the Treasurer. 
 
 There are also some four or five other schools, 
 conducted on the principles of the National 
 Society, attached to the churches in the parish.
 
 190 
 
 THE BRITISH SCHOOLS. 
 
 The Britisli Schools, situate at Chase-side, 
 were built by subscription, the first stone of 
 which was laid by Lord Brougham 1838; they 
 are large and commodious, at which there are 
 educated about 100 boys and 80 girls in a liberal 
 course of instruction. They are supported by 
 subscriptions, donations, and the weekly pence of 
 the scholars. There is a public examination of 
 the children at these schools, in the month of 
 June every year. The master is Mr. Henry 
 Wakely, who was appointed when the schools 
 were first opened ; and the present mistress is 
 Miss Nicholls. A Committee of Management 
 directs and superintends the whole ; they have 
 recently had erected two neat and convenient 
 cottages for the private residence of the teachers. 
 Since the schools were opened 770 boys and 503 
 girls have been educated. Edward Ford, Esq. 
 of Old Park, is the Treasurer. 
 
 CHURCH SCHOOL OF INDUSTRY. 
 
 This school Avas founded in the year 1800, for 
 the industrial training and educating of girls ; 
 thq school-house is situate in the Church-yard. 
 It is supported by dividends on stock and
 
 191 
 
 interest, annual subscriptions and donations, and 
 the money derived from needle-work done in the 
 school. The girls are nominated by subscribers 
 in rotation ; forty are admitted free, of whom 
 thirty-five are clothed. They are instructed in 
 the principles of the Church of England, and 
 are taught reading, writing, and arithmetic, plain 
 work, and knitting ; washing and household 
 work are included as preparations for service. 
 Dinners are provided for the school during the 
 winter. The committee of ladies meet once a 
 month to regulate the business of the school. 
 
 BAKER STREET SCHOOL OF INDUSTRY, 
 
 A girls' school of industry was established in 
 1806, by the Dissenters in Baker-street, where 
 forty girls were clothed and instructed in working 
 and the ordinary course of education. This 
 school also was supported by subscriptions and 
 donations, aided by annual collections at the 
 Baker-street, Chase-side, and Lady Huntingdon's 
 chapels, amounting to about £50 ; the annual 
 subscriptions were about £75 ; the work done by 
 the children about £20 ; and the dividends from 
 £200 in 3 per cent, consols, constituted the 
 income of the school. Since, however, the 
 British Schools were built, this school has been 
 converted into an Infant, or Preparatory School.
 
 192 
 
 It is supported by subscriptious and the dividends 
 arising from the above stock. 
 
 There is also an Infant School in Love's-row, 
 at Chase-side, at Forty-hill, and at Ponder's-cnd. 
 
 ADULT NIGKT SCHOOL AND READING KOOM. 
 
 This useful undertaking is carried on, by the 
 Clergy, in the National School-room in London- 
 lane, The necessary expenses of management 
 are defrayed by the weekly payments of the 
 adults, assisted by voluntary subscriptions. 
 
 Private Schools. 
 
 The Palace School, (formerly the residence of 
 Queen Elizabeth) situate in the Town, is con- 
 ducted by Messrs. Barker and Son, assisted by 
 competent masters. 
 
 Gothic Hall Establishment, is in Bakcr-strcet ; 
 it is under the superintendence of the Bev. John 
 Eyre Ashby and a full staff of efficient masters. 
 
 Mr. Bothwcll has a similar establishment at 
 the Highway, and INIr. Dillon in Silver-street. 
 
 The two principal establishments for young 
 ladies, are Miss Charlton's, at Chase-side, and 
 Mrs. Clark's, at Ponder's-end, both of which 
 have been established many years.
 
 Factories. 
 
 Factories are at all times subjects of interest, 
 more especially when they are met with out of 
 a manufacturing district. Her Majesty's Small 
 Arms Factory, the new building illustrated above, 
 which was constructed by Government as an 
 experimental establishment, and commenced its 
 operations three years ago, is situate about four 
 miles from the Town ; it is not only a subject of 
 interest in the parish, and considered by the 
 Eastern Counties Railway Company to be of 
 sufficient importance to have a station constructed 
 for its special accommodation, but is looked upon 
 throughout the whole of the United Kingdom
 
 194 
 
 as an establlsliment of vast importance, whose 
 operations have been carefully inspected by 
 scientific gentlemen from America, and all the 
 principal countries in Europe, who, there can be 
 little doubt, will still continue to watch its 
 progress. Several visits of inspection have been 
 made by Her Majesty, the Prince Consort, Lord 
 Panmure, and many of the leading men of the 
 Government. 
 
 To do justice to this interesting establishment a 
 larger space is therefore allotted for the folloAving 
 details : — 
 
 The manufacture of small arms at Enfield-lock, 
 by means never before used in this country, and 
 in no other except the United States, and to a 
 limited extent in Kussia, has assumed a character 
 of considerable interest, regarded not so much in 
 its bearing on the long pending quarrel between 
 the Government and the gunmakers at Birming- 
 ham, in reference to the supply of a military 
 weapon of prime necessity, as affording the daily 
 exhibition, on a large scale, of the application 
 of machinery to processes of the most delicate 
 kind, until now manipulated only by skilled 
 artizans of a high class, and as foreshadowing 
 the extent to which eventually it may be made 
 subservient to other industrial purposes now
 
 195 
 
 dependent on hand labour in every country in 
 the world. It has already attracted the attention 
 of several of the continental Governments. 
 It was visited three times in the course of the 
 summer of 185G by Baron Smola, holding a high 
 position in the Austrian artillery service ; again, 
 by General Barriero, by direction of the King 
 of Portugal, who, it is said, contemplates its 
 reproduction in his own dominions ; also by 
 Prince Oscar of Sweden. In France it is regarded 
 M'ith interest by distinguished military men ; 
 and there are some who believe that the visit 
 of an American citizen, conspicuously identified 
 in the United States and in this country, with 
 the manufacture of small arms to St. Petersburg, 
 has some reference to the commencement of a 
 similar enterprise in Hussia, where the practical 
 application of machinery to the construction of 
 some parts of military weapons is not wholly 
 unknown. 
 
 To some it may be necessary to premise that 
 the manufactory at Enfield on its present footing 
 — for there has been for upwards of forty years 
 the nucleus of a Government establishment there 
 for the fabrication of small arms — originated in 
 the dissatisfaction for some time felt by the 
 Board of Ordnance at being almost wholly
 
 19() 
 
 dependent on private manufacturers for so 
 important a part of the materiel of war, and in 
 the recommendation, based on that feeling, of 
 the Committee of the House of Commons on 
 small arms, which sat in the session of 1854. 
 Before 1804, when the manufactory, in its 
 original form, was established at Enfield, the 
 Government depended on the private trade for 
 their small arms, and when that failed to provide 
 a sufficient supply, recourse was had to the 
 foriegn market. At one time, indeed, the art of 
 making muskets became extinct in this country. 
 This occurred in 1802; and Lord Chatham, then 
 IMaster General, stated the circumstance publicly. 
 j\Ir. John Colgate, who held an appointment in the 
 Ordnance Department, was sent to Liege in 1779 
 to superintend the setting up of 40,000 stand of 
 arms for the service of the British Government. 
 Major General Miller was despatched to Leige 
 on a similar service in 1794, to Hamburg in 
 1795, and again to Plamburg in 1800, the store 
 of arms in the tower being at that time entirely 
 expended. Again, in 182^3, the names of not 
 less than twenty English artificers had been 
 ascertained, who were in full employment in the 
 national armoury establishments of Eussia and 
 the United States, and no doubt many more;
 
 197 
 
 miglit have been discovered. This was attribu- 
 table to the encouragement and inducements to 
 emigrate, hekl out to our skilled artificers in that 
 branch of trade, by foreign nations, backed by 
 the want of employment in their vocation at 
 home ; and it was apprehended at that time by 
 men conversant with the subject that unless the 
 fostering care of the Government was continued, 
 in support of its armoury institutions, the art 
 must again be lost, or so far reduced that the 
 country would a second time be left to depend 
 on the casual supplies furnished by individual 
 manufacturers. It has always been contended 
 by men who have advocated the formation of 
 Government armouries, that the views of trades- 
 men were confined to individual profit ; when 
 they entered upon a contract their only object 
 was to bring their workmanship to such a state 
 as to pass the official examination ; they had no 
 motive, it was said, to improve, or inducement to 
 perpetuate the art ; when the call for arms by 
 the Government ceased with a war, they turned 
 their industry to other occupations, and their 
 workmen were driven to seek employment in 
 foreign countries, or left to neglect the art at 
 home. It was also alleged that a national 
 establishment offered the most perfect means of
 
 198 
 
 making experiments for the improvement of the 
 service, and caused the saving of money in time 
 of war as well as of peace, by operating as a 
 check upon the prices of private manufacturers. 
 But its principal object was to keep up among us 
 the art of making military guns. 
 
 It was considerations such as these and others 
 that induced the Government, upon the recom- 
 mendation of the committee of 1854, to establish 
 a manufactory of small arms to a limited extent, 
 under the direction of the Board of Ordnance ; 
 and the experiment is now on its trial at Enfield. 
 This manufactory, the committee conceived, 
 would serve as an experiment of the advantages 
 to be derived from the more extensive application 
 of machinery as a check upon the prices of con- 
 tractors, and as a resource in times of emergency; 
 they also recommended that it should be arranged 
 with a view to its continual working. While 
 the committee was sitting, a deputation of jorac- 
 tical men, previously sent out by the Board of 
 Ordnance to make inquiries in the L'nitcd States 
 of America as to the mode of manufacturing 
 small arms there, and having extensive powers 
 to purchase machinery to be applied to their 
 fabrication in this country, was pursuing its mis- 
 sion ; and on the report of the committee, the
 
 199 
 
 House of Commons voted a sum not exceeding 
 £150,000 towards the experiment. Since that 
 time extensive building operations have been 
 constructed at Enfield-lock, and an immense 
 quantity of valuable machinery has been imported 
 from America, and is now in constant operation 
 there in various processes connected wdth the 
 military gun manufacture. The whole estab- 
 lishment is under the immediate control and 
 supervision of Colonel Dixon, of the Royal 
 Artillery, assisted by Mr. Gunner, inspector of 
 small arms ; and the first engineer is Mr. Burton, 
 an intelligent American gentleman, formerly 
 Master Armourer of the Government small arms 
 factory of the United States at Harper's Ferry, 
 whose services have been secured by the Govern- 
 ment to superintend the setting up and working 
 of the machinery. 
 
 It appears from an official report that the gross 
 total amount of money expended at the Enfield 
 Small Arms Factory, from the 1st day of January 
 1854, to the 31st day of March 1857, (3i years) 
 was £240,593, including £75,986 for buildings, 
 £64,667 for machinery, £27,270 for stores^ 
 £4,716 for salaries, and £67,952 for wages. 
 
 There are above 1,250 men and boys employed 
 on the different operations, of whom three-fourths
 
 200 
 
 are comparatively unskilled labourers, it being one 
 of the chief characteristics of the machinery in 
 use at Enfield that it performs all the delicate 
 operations which in the art of manufacturing 
 military guns, as previously pursued in this 
 country, have been executed by skilled artisans 
 trained to their vocation. The whole of the 
 plant can turn out in a perfect state, ready for 
 use, some 52,000 rifles a-year, or about 1,000 
 a-week, (and it is now manufacturing at this 
 rate.) The advantages of producing muskets by 
 machinery are described by those thoroughly 
 conversant with the system in the United States 
 as being cheapness in the manufacture ; an exact 
 similarity in the several parts, so that they may 
 be readily interchanged and replaced; and, 
 above all, the facility of rapidly producing this 
 important military arm, and of increasing or re- 
 ducing the supply according to the requirements 
 of the time. 
 
 The establishment is divided into depart- 
 ments, of which the principal are the smithery, 
 where there are daily forty-five forges at work 
 with their attendant machinery, and that in 
 which all the various minute processes connected 
 with the manufacture of locks, bayonets, and 
 stocks, replete with interest, are carried on. It
 
 ^^01 
 
 is in this latter building — an extremely large one 
 and well lighted from the roof — that the greater 
 part of the machinery in use is in operation ; 
 and the whole of the mechanism, as well there 
 as in the smithery, is driven simultaneously by a 
 magnificent double engine of eighty -horse power. 
 The operations for rolling and perfecting gun- 
 barrels are performed in an adjacent building, 
 which is fitted up with an engine of twenty-five 
 horse power, for conducting that department on 
 a scale commensurate with the other parts of the 
 factory. The barrel-rolling machinery at present 
 in use, which is not of American invention or 
 manufacture, has been in operation since 1852. 
 In the smithery the bayonets and all the several 
 parts of the lock, including even the small 
 screws used in its construction, are first forged 
 from bars of iron and steel, with the greatest 
 rapidity, and with all the aids of a perfect system 
 of machinery. Thence they are transferred to 
 the general building, where they are submitted 
 to an almost endless succession of processes of 
 the nicest description, performed again by 
 machinery specially adapted to each operation, 
 until they attain the requisite degree of accuracy, 
 finish, and perfection. Into all the various 
 details of the manufacture we cannot of course.
 
 202 
 
 enter here, however wonderful and interesting 
 they are as exemplifications of the amount of 
 mind employed in devising and practically ap- 
 plying machinery to operations so diversified and 
 delicate ; but besides the rapidity with which 
 they are performed, far exceeding the capacity 
 of any amount of hand labour, tAvo other results 
 have been attained of the greatest importance in 
 a trade so peculiar as this, where a great national 
 emergency might at any time create on a sudden 
 an immense demand for the article manufactured. 
 The one is that this machinery, guided by young 
 men and boys taken from the plough tail, or any 
 other of the humbler occupations of life, is 
 capable of executing work until now performed 
 by skilled gun operatives specially trained to it, and 
 by necessity with far more marvellous accuracy 
 than was ever achieved by hand labour, however 
 superior. The complaint has almost invariably 
 been that whatever crisis arose, necessitating the 
 manufacture of a great quantity of small arms 
 within a brief period of time, the process was 
 delayed, to the detriment of the public service, 
 by the want of a sufficient number of skilled 
 mechanics in the private gun trade to execute 
 certain parts of the work in time to meet the 
 demand. But under this new state of things that
 
 20S 
 
 inconvenience can never accrue, unless there was a 
 positive paucity of labour power in the country — 
 for comparatively unskilled labourers, not bred to 
 the work, and with little or no previous training, 
 can always be made available for its performance, 
 with the aid of machinery and a small proportion 
 of skilled artisans. Little boys, not more than 
 fourteen years of age, for example, are to be seen 
 charged with the management of two, and some- 
 times three, different machines performing 
 simultaneously the same operation. Another 
 result on which much stress is laid is, that 
 every conceivable part of a musket, from 
 all the small component portions of the lock 
 upwards, is manufactured with such unerring 
 precision that it will fit with surprising exacti- 
 tude the place destined for it, not in a single 
 musket alone, but in every other constructed on 
 the establishment. For instance, from indiscrim- 
 inate heaps of each of the several finished parts 
 of a lock, consisting of the plate, the sear and 
 its springs, the bridle, tumbler, mainspring, and 
 screws, an artisan can put together a lock in a 
 few minutes. It is the same with every other 
 part of the weapon ; all the respective materials 
 are exact counterparts of each other ; every 
 barrel adapts itself to every stock, every bayonet
 
 to every barrel, and so on. By this complete 
 system of interchange of parts, when any portion 
 of the arm wears out in service before the rest, 
 or gets into disorder, it can easily be replaced, 
 and thus the whole weapon is not disabled by a 
 casualty of that kind. Touching the quality of 
 the materials and work, at every single stage of 
 its progress it undergoes a rigid examination, by 
 which any defect is at once detected, and every 
 minute article is made exactly to correspond with 
 an unchangeable gauge. The very tools used, 
 are manufactured on the premises, and also by 
 machinery in many instances, 
 
 A very considerable portion of the fine tools, 
 with their fixings, employed in the machines, were 
 made in this Country by highly-skilled artisans. 
 The machinery for making gunstocks is an 
 exception, for it was specially and wholly 
 fabricated in the manufactory of Mr. Ames, of 
 Chicopee, Massachusetts, and is of the most 
 ingenious and efficient description. This depart- 
 ment of the factory, which is under the direction 
 of Mr. Oramel Clark, an American, skilled in its 
 management, is singularly interesting. It contains 
 twenty-three machines, which performs sixteen 
 distinct operations on the stock, and are similar 
 in principle and construction to those in use in
 
 305 
 
 the two Government armoury establishments in 
 the United States, at Springfield, Massachusetts, 
 and Harper's-ferry, Virginia. A piece of walnut 
 ■wood, roughly sawn into the shape of a gun-stock 
 is submitted to these manifold processes, which 
 round it, scoop out the bed for the barrel, do all 
 the intricate manipulations required for the 
 reception of the mechanism of the lock and its 
 appendages and indeed every other imaginable 
 thing towards its completion, Avith the most 
 consummate neatness and accuracy. Several of 
 these machines embody a beautiful automatic 
 action for reversing the motion of the tool when 
 it has penetrated the wood deep enough, by 
 which it disengages itself from the stock on which 
 it is operating, and literally " backs out." Per- 
 haps the most interesting and ingenious of the 
 whole machines in this department is that by 
 which the entire lock is let into the stock — a 
 work involving much time and labour when 
 performed by hand. This beautiful instrument 
 is provided with five vertical spindles and 
 appropriate cutters, mounted upon a kind of 
 revolving reel, which are brought round in suc- 
 cession, and trace the figure of a guide or copy 
 which lies alongside the stock beneath the cutters 
 and guide-pins. A small fan -blower is attached, 
 o
 
 206 
 
 by Avhich the chips from the tools are bloAvn 
 away as fast as they are made. The machine is 
 also furnished with a clever automatic action for 
 throwing the driving belt on and off the pulleys 
 of the spindles as they are brought round in 
 succession to perform a new part of the process. 
 By this machine a lock can be completely let 
 into the stock in about three minutes. Indeed 
 the whole process of making and perfecting 
 the stock does not occupy more than half an 
 hour, and the only hand labour employed upon 
 it is that which causes the friction of a little 
 sandpaper along its surface after its removal from 
 the last machine. Colonel Dixon and Mr. Burton 
 say that they are able to make in this way 
 two-hundred stocks a-day, at a cost of little more 
 than two-shillings a-piece, Avhereas, an expert 
 workman, single handed, would not be able to 
 make more than eight or nine in a week, at a 
 cost of twelve and sixpence a-piece. In estimating 
 the price of making a stock at Enfield at two- 
 shillings, no allowance is made for the original 
 cost of plant and tools, or their subsequent 
 deterioration by wear and tear ; but, at the same 
 time, there can be no doubt that the saving 
 effected by machinery such as this will, in a short 
 time, repay its whole cost, if indeed it has not 
 already done so long ere this.
 
 201 
 
 The interest inspired by this large accumulation 
 of machinery and its results, is enhanced by the 
 reflection that the whole of its complex operations 
 are performed simultaneously, and derive their 
 motion from a common source; that the machines 
 which give shape and finish to the bayonet and 
 the stock are propelled by the same engine that 
 communicates motion to the mechanism which 
 makes the lock, and so on through the whole 
 series of results — the wheel of which machine 
 is 21 -ft, 6-in. in height and weighing 21 tons. 
 In the event of an accident or otherwise, the 
 whole of this vast machinery is capable of being 
 simultaneously stopped by the engineer, at a 
 moment's notice, by sounding an alarm bell, 
 which is in the engine room, and in communica- 
 tion with all parts of this extensive establishment. 
 As a protection against fire, the building is 
 provided with an immense tank, holding 170 
 tons of water. 
 
 Looking at the whole as an exhibition — 
 interesting for its own sake and its effects — of 
 mechanical power and invention applied to the 
 fabrication of a part of the national manufactures, 
 it seems questionable whether mechanism has 
 ever achieved greater triumphs, and no thoughtful 
 man who witnesses its operations and their results
 
 ^08. 
 
 in this instance can fail to perceive that there 
 are scarcely any limits to its application in the 
 whole range of human labour. 
 
 To all persons curious in the manufacture of 
 small arms, or even ordinary admirers of the 
 working of machinery on strictly scientific 
 principles, and on an extensive scale, this very 
 interesting establishment will be found well 
 worth a visit; more especially as an order for 
 admission can now be obtained without much 
 difficulty. The visiting days are Mondays and 
 Thursdays ; an intelligent guide conveys visitors 
 through the various departments and explains 
 the working of the machinery. 
 
 THE CRAPE FACTORY, PONDER S END. 
 
 This factory originated with Messrs. Grout 
 and Baylis, in the year 1809. It commenced its 
 operations on an exceedingly small scale ; the 
 contract for the first building is said not to have 
 exceeded ten pounds, and the goods then manu- 
 factured were conveyed to London by a porter. 
 The success of the undertaking was exceedingly 
 great, so much so, that change after change took 
 
 Many of the foi'egoing particulars respecting II.M.S.A. Factory 
 have hccn extracted from the l^imcs of 3-9-56.
 
 209 
 
 place in the building, and a vast increase in the 
 number of hands employed, until it became an 
 extensive factory, and of great advantage to the 
 neighbourhood — forming, to a certain extent, its 
 principal support; it employs nearly two hundred 
 persons, including men, women, and girls in the 
 dying, manufacturing and crimping of every 
 description of crape. 
 
 From this factory arose still larger establish- 
 ments at Norwich and Great Yarmouth. The 
 factory is still known as being under the firm of 
 Grout and Company, although both the original 
 proprietors have long since ceased to be con- 
 nected with it. Mr. Grout died at Tring-park, 
 Herts, about five years ago ; he was said to be 
 possessed of great wealth. 
 
 CHASE SIDE WORKS. 
 
 The factory bearing this name carries on its 
 operations in the building which was formerly 
 Messrs. Green and Randall's brewery; it is 
 under the management of Mr. Burch, from 
 Sewardstone, in Essex, who removed here in 
 1856. The nature of the work done at these 
 works is the dying and calendering thread for 
 manufacturing into gloves, and dying and
 
 210 
 
 dressing thread for forming the back of velvet; 
 also for bleaching and printing silk in the 
 warp or skein, which is seventy yards in length ; 
 it is afterwards sent to London to be wove into 
 ribbons and the covering of parasols ; also the 
 dying of crochet cotton, into various colours. 
 
 THE GAS W^ORKS. 
 
 Although several attempts were made to form 
 a company for supplying the parish with gas, it 
 was not until the year 1849, when a firm from 
 London undertook to erect works, supply the 
 necessary apparatus, and fairly start the concern, 
 that the influential inhabitants of the town really 
 determined upon adopting some plan for carrying 
 out the scheme so long entertained, and which 
 there was but little doubt would prove of great 
 advantage to the parish. In the following year 
 the inhabitants formed an independent company 
 among themselves, chose an engineer, and erected 
 the works in Sydney-road, which have been in 
 successful operation ever since ; and as the great 
 advantages of gas light are becoming more 
 generally estimated, it is probable will, before 
 long, extend its benefits throughout the whole 
 of the parish.
 
 211 
 Land and Building Societies. 
 
 THE NATIONAL FREEHOLD LAND SOCIETY. 
 
 These societies having multiplied themselves 
 so amazingly of late years, and spread their 
 operations over all parts of England, it is not 
 surprising that Enfield should be visited by some 
 of them for the purchase of land. The National 
 Society was therefore the first to purchase an 
 estate which is situate in the London-road, and 
 was formerly known as Broom-field, and used as 
 market gardens. Another society had been pre- 
 viously in treaty for this same land, but its 
 intentions were not carried out. 
 
 The estate was purchased in 1852, and was 
 quickly drained and the roads laid out, and made 
 ready for the members to take their allotments 
 and commence building operations. The society 
 subsequently built a pair of first-class houses 
 in the London-road, and afterwards another pair 
 in Essex-road, which was followed by others, 
 built by private individuals. In the course of a 
 few years this estate will no doubt be fully 
 studded with houses. 
 
 The Railway Company offers a free ticket to 
 occupiers of all first and second rate houses built 
 upon this estate.
 
 212 
 
 THE COliSERVATlVE LAND SOCIETY. 
 
 This society lias also an estate in this parish, 
 which was purchased about four years ago ; it is 
 situate on the right of Nag's-head-lane, leading 
 to Ponder's-end ; the estate was formerly known 
 as the Moat-field, and used for cattle grazing. 
 The society has built a pair of substantial houses 
 at the end of the estate, which example has not 
 yet been followed by any of its members, 
 although the same advantages of a free railway 
 ticket are offered to this as well as the other 
 societies. 
 
 THE NORTH LONDON SOCIETY. 
 
 The estate of this society is situate at Chase- 
 side ; it is known by the name of the Gordon- 
 house estate, which name is derived from a house 
 that was formerly in the occupation of the Gordon 
 family, and afterwards occupied by the late Earl 
 of Cadogan; it was subseqently used as a boarding 
 school, till this society purchased the estate and 
 thought fit to pull the house down. The society 
 has made but little progress here, except the 
 laying out of the roads ; there is but one house at 
 present on the estate, and a chapel just erected. 
 Some portion may shortly change hands and be 
 turned to profitable account.
 
 :213 
 
 THE ENFIELD GENEEAL BUILDING ASSOCIATION. 
 
 This building Society was the first of the kind 
 that had been introduced in Enfield ; it was 
 established in 1846, on Macarthiir's jDlan, which 
 was to extend over thirteen years, and to realize 
 to every shareholder at the expiration of that 
 period, £120 for every £60 invested. This 
 society, by the assistance of a subsequent one, 
 has now just completed its engagements and 
 been brought to a successful and satisfactory 
 termination. 
 
 THE ENFIELD PERMANENT BENEFIT BUILDING 
 SOCIETY. 
 
 The introduction of the permanent principle 
 into this society gave to it an entirely new feature, 
 by which it enables persons to join at any time 
 without making any back payments, which had 
 hitherto been a great drawback upon the older 
 societies ; the permanent principle has proved of 
 great advantage to the working of this society. 
 It commenced its operations in January, 1852; 
 its objects are, by certain monthly payments from 
 shareholders, to form a fund from which money 
 may be advanced to enable them to erect or 
 purchase dwelling houses, or other real or lease-
 
 214 
 
 hold property, to be secured by way of mortgage 
 to the society, until the amount or value of his 
 or her shares shall have been fully repaid to the 
 society. Shares are issued for five, ten, or fifteen 
 years, and the termination dated from the time 
 of commencement. The monthly payments are 
 regulated so that each share shall be worth £120 
 at the expiration of either period. 
 
 The Farmers' Club. 
 
 This club was established in 1853, under the 
 name of the North Middlesex and South Herts 
 Farmers' Club ; its objects are the advancement 
 of agriculture and the encouragement of agricul- 
 tural labourers. Monthly meetings are held at 
 the Kings-head-inn during the greater portion of 
 the year, for the discussion of agricultural and 
 horticultural subjects. The club have an annual 
 ploughing match and show of roots, for each of 
 which prizes are given ; the first and second class 
 premiums for ploughing are from thirty shillings 
 to ten shillings, and for the shoAv of roots from 
 twenty shillings to five shillings. The president 
 is George Ellis, Esq., Bury-street, Edmonton ; 
 vice-president, William Boards, Esq., Edmonton; 
 hon. secretary, Joseph Ashcombe, Esq., Enfield.
 
 215 
 Society of Enfield Archers. 
 
 This society was formed in May, 1857, and is 
 conducted by a Committee of ladies and gentle- 
 men ; its prize meetings are held during the 
 months of May, June, July, and August, on 
 which occasions a prize is given to the lady and 
 gentleman having the highest score, but none is 
 allowed to claim two prizes in the same season. 
 A member's subscription is half-a-guinea, and a 
 family subscription, one guinea per annum ; the 
 treasurer is Mrs. James Bosanquet, of Claysmore, 
 and the secretary, Edward Ford, Esq., of Enfield 
 Old-park ; its ground is situate at Chase-side. 
 
 Cricket Club. 
 
 This club is managed by a committee of 
 gentlemen, consisting of five members, with the 
 president, treasurer, and secretary, who are 
 elected annually ; the meetings for practice are 
 held twice a week during the season, which 
 begins in May and closes in September ; the 
 member's subscription is one guinea a year. 
 The club is governed by rules as laid down by 
 the Marylebone Club. F. J. Crowder, Esq. is 
 the treasurer.
 
 216 
 Post Offices and Branches. 
 
 The chief office is situate in the Town, and 
 is managed by Miss L. Leech, the post-mistress, 
 (in whose family the management has been for 
 many years), at this office money orders are 
 issued; there are four deliveries of letters daily. 
 In connection with this office there is a branch at 
 Forty -hill. There are also two other offices in 
 the parish, one at the Highway and the other at 
 Ponder's-end. Many important alterations in 
 the postal arrangements are in contemplation. 
 
 The Public Library. 
 
 This Library was established by J, H. Meyers, 
 in 1850, for the purpose of providing a superior 
 class of literature for the principal families in 
 Enfield, by whom the library is well supported. 
 It is conducted on similar principles to those of 
 the largest libraries at the West-end of London. 
 
 The Savings' Bank. 
 
 To encourage the saving and thrifty, and 
 thereby induce habits of economy amongst the 
 middle and poorer classes, a Savings' Bank was 
 established in Enfield in the year 1839. It has 
 been attended with great success, and the
 
 211 
 
 number of depositors keep on the increase from 
 year to year. The bank is conducted by a 
 treasurer, (the Eev. J. M. Heath), eight trustees, 
 ten managers, and a secretary. The office, which 
 is situate in the town, is open for depositors every 
 Monday evening, from 6 to 7 o'clock. 
 
 The Local Board of Health. 
 
 The Local Board of Health Act for the more 
 effectual drainage and supply of water, was 
 introduced into Enfield in 1850, the first 
 chairman appointed was J. Millar, Esq. M.D. 
 The Act is now in full operation throughout the 
 principal part of the parish ; and although it has 
 entailed additional rates upon the parishioners, 
 there can be but little doubt that many beneficial 
 improvements will be effected. The weekly 
 meetings of the Board are held at their office, in 
 the Town, every Friday; the present chairman 
 is James Meyer, Esq., J.P. 
 
 The Magistracy. 
 
 The following gentlemen constitute the bench : 
 J. Meyer, Esq. chairman, Daniel Harrison, Esq., 
 Capt. C. J. Bosanquet, R.N., Edward Ford, Esq.,
 
 218 
 
 and A. P, F. C. Somerset, Esq. A petty session 
 is held every Friday, at the Public Offices in 
 the town. 
 
 The Police Station. 
 
 The present Police Station was formerly the 
 residence of the beadle of the parish, and used 
 as a lock-up ; it is situate in the Town, next the 
 Public Offices ; the resident officer is Sergeant 
 Williams. The Commissioners pay a rental to 
 the parish for the use of the building. 
 
 Institutions, Charitable Societies, &c. 
 
 THE ENFIELD PHILANTHROPIC INSTITUTION. 
 
 This Institution was established in 1836, by 
 the joint exertions of a few individuals, chiefly 
 tradesmen, to relieve the necessitous and de- 
 serving poor, in cases of accident, illness, or 
 distress. It relieves on an average two hundred 
 cases a year, and as a proof of the estimation in 
 which the Institution is held, the committee of 
 management are entrusted with about £100, 
 subscribed annually for disti'ibution, according 
 to their discretion. The late Luke Addington, 
 Esq., of Enfield, left a legacy of £100 to the
 
 219 
 
 Institution, a most gratifying evidence of his 
 conviction of its great usefulness. It is managed 
 by a president, treasurer, committee, secretary, 
 and collector, who are elected annually. The 
 meetings are held weekly during the winter 
 months, when cases for relief are more frequent, 
 and as occasions may require during the other 
 portions of the year. The committee have 
 printed rules for its guidance, and a full detailed 
 report of its proceedings, with respect to the 
 cases relieved, is published every year, and sent 
 to each of the subscribers. 
 
 ENFIELD LYING-IN CHARITY. 
 
 This charity, though not so extensive in its 
 operations as the Philanthropic, is of much longer 
 standing ; it was established in 1797, and is 
 consequently one of the oldest charitable insti- 
 tutions in Enfield, It provides poor married 
 women with a skilful person to attend them, at 
 their own habitations, and likewise to furnish 
 them with linen during the month. As a proof 
 of the beneficial operations of this charity, it will 
 be seen by its last report, that no less than 7,059 
 women have been relieved. The treasurer is 
 Mrs. Everett, of Chase-side House.
 
 ;2£0 
 
 ladies' district visiting society. 
 
 This society commenced its useful operations 
 in March, 1828 ; its objects are to suppress 
 mendicity, and afford occasional relief to the sick 
 and distressed poor ; the mode of conducting 
 this society is to visit the poor at their own 
 homes, and thus to obtain a knowledge of their 
 condition and character ; to offer them advice in 
 their difficulties, and in cases of distress, to 
 supply such food, clothing, fuel, &c., as the 
 circumstances of the case may require ; but as 
 a rule money is never given. The society is 
 liberally supported by subscriptions and donations. 
 The treasurer is Mrs. Crowder of Brigadier-hill, 
 and the secretary, Mrs. E. Ford, of Enfield 
 Old-park. 
 
 ENFIELD LOAN BLANKET SOCIETY. 
 
 This society, like the preceding, is under the 
 superintendence of a committee of ladies, who, 
 by means of the annual subscriptions and 
 donations, are enabled to supply nearly three 
 hundred families annually with the loan of 
 blankets for the season. The subscribers nomi- 
 nate the recipients by rotation. The treasurer is 
 Mrs. Challis, of Forty-hill.
 
 221 
 
 THE PENMY AND ADULT CLUBS. 
 
 This club has been established many years, 
 solely for the benefit of the children of the poor 
 of this parish. The members pay into the club 
 one penny per week, and the subscriber who 
 nominates a chikl contributes at the same rate, 
 by which means the children nominated are 
 provided with suitable clothes throughout the 
 year. There is also, in connection with this 
 club, an Adult Club for women, conduced by 
 the same ladies on similar principles. Mrs. Ford, 
 of Old-park, is the secretary. 
 
 COAL AKD BREAD CLUBS. 
 
 These clubs are conducted for the benefit of 
 the poor during the winter months ; they are 
 supported by subscriptions and donations and the 
 contributions of the recipients. In the town 
 division of the parish these clubs are under the 
 management of the clergy. At Bull's-cross there 
 are clubs under the superintendence of the E,ev. 
 C. W. Bollaerts and H. C. B. Bowles, Esq., in 
 addition to which, this latter gentleman, during 
 the winter season, gives tickets to the poor, which 
 are orders upon the tradesmen for meat, &c. 
 p
 
 Benefit Societies. 
 
 THE ODD FELLOWS LODGE. 
 
 The Loyal Cedar Tree Lodge of Odd Fellows, 
 Manchester Unity, was established in 1842, and 
 enumerates at the present time nearly 200 
 members. As a benefit society it affords great 
 advantages to its members, not only as a relief 
 fund in time of sickness, and presenting a goodly 
 sum to relatives on the death of a member, but 
 it has* a fund for the relief of widows and 
 orphans. The society is in a very flourishing 
 condition ; its meetings are held at the King's- 
 head-inn. 
 
 FORESTERS FRIENDLY SOCIETY. 
 
 This society, known by the name of Court 
 Old Oak, No. 1620, of the Ancient Order of 
 Foresters Friendly Society, was established in 
 the year 1843; it has for its object the relief of 
 members in sickness, for the interment of the 
 dead, making provision for the widows and 
 orphans of deceased members, and for affording 
 pecuniary assistance to such of its members as 
 may be in temporary distress. The last year's 
 report of this society shows that it is in a very
 
 223 
 
 healthy condition, that it possesses ample funds 
 to meet its engagements, and a handsome balance 
 to provide for a contingency. Its meetings are 
 held at the George-inn, and it numbers about 
 133 members. There has recently been a new 
 Court opened at Ponder's-end. 
 
 THE BENEFIT SOCIETY OF UNITED FRIENDS. 
 
 The principles of this society are similar to 
 the preceding, being for the relief of its members 
 in sickness, and granting a certain sum at death 
 for funeral and other expenses. The society 
 was formed in 1854 ; it holds its meetings at the 
 Bell-inn, in Baker-street. 
 
 Assembly Kooms. 
 
 There being as yet no town hall in Enfield, all 
 public meetings, large vestries, lectures, and 
 entertainments, (except an occasional lecture at 
 one of the school-rooms) are held at the assembly 
 rooms, which are attached to the King's-head- 
 inn, and situate in the Market-place.
 
 2U 
 
 APPENDIX. 
 
 Interesting Historical Anecdote connected icith 
 the Garden of Enfield Palace. 
 
 At the deatli of King Henry VIII. his son 
 Edward was resident in the Castle of Hertford, 
 and his daughter Elizabeth in the Palace of 
 Enfield. The Earl of Hertford, the young 
 King's maternal uncle, accompanied by Sir 
 Anthony Browne, the Master of the Horse, 
 undertook the charge of conducting the new 
 sovereign to the metropolis. They repaired to 
 Hertford Castle, and, without apprising Edward 
 of all that had occurred, removed him (probably 
 on Saturday, the 29th of January, 154T) to 
 Enfield Palace. Here, in the presence of his 
 sister, Edward was informed of his father's death 
 and of his own accession to the crown. On the 
 following Monday he was conducted from Enfield 
 to the Tower of London. ^^^ 
 
 (1) In the State Pajjer Office is a letter from the Earl of 
 Hertford to the Council — " From Envild this Sunday night att 
 xj of the clok." He Avrites, " We intend the King's Matie. shal 
 be a horsbak to-moiTOw by xj. of the clok, so that bi iij. we 
 trust His Grace shal be att the Tower."
 
 2£5 
 
 These leading incidents of the time have 
 always been familiar to our history, but there is 
 one very remarkable feature connected with 
 Enfield Palace that has come to light but 
 recently. It was in the garden at Enfield '■-'> that 
 the Earl of Hertford took the opportunity of 
 communicating to his companion, the master of 
 the horse, his intention to assume the office of 
 Protector, in contravention to the late King's 
 will, which had designated eighteen executors 
 with equal powers. 
 
 We are told that, " after commoning in 
 discourse of the state," Sir Anthony " gave his 
 frank consent to the projiosal ;" upon which, as 
 we learn from another letter,^^) Hertford had 
 
 (2) " Myne old master, the master of th' orsses, albeit, as is 
 commonly known, he did much dissent from the proceedings in 
 matters of religion, yet was I long sins by himself right well 
 assm'cd that he, commoning with my Lordes Grace in the 
 garden at Endfielde, at the King's Majesties cooming from 
 Hartforde, gave his franke consent, after communication in 
 discourse of the state, that His Grace should be Protector, 
 thinking it (as indede it was) both the surest kynde of govern- 
 ment and most fyt for this commonwelth." — Letter of William 
 Wightman to Cecill, Literary Remains of King Edward VI. 
 (printed for the Roxhurghe Club, 1558)^^. ccxlvii. 
 
 (3) " Kemember what you promised me in the gallery at 
 Westminster, before the breath was out of the body of the 
 King that dead is. Remember what you promised immediately
 
 226 
 
 previously " devised " with Secretary Paget, 
 who was now left at Court to arrange matters 
 with the other counsellors. 
 
 Edward was not again at Enfield Palace during 
 his reign, but his sister Elizabeth continued to 
 reside here ; and there is mention also of the 
 Queen Dowager (Katherine Parr) paying Enfield 
 a visit.f 
 
 The Union Scliool and Infirmary. 
 
 In the year 1837 the Enfield Workhouse was 
 converted into a school for the maintenance and 
 instruction of the chiklren of the seven parishes 
 comprising the Edmonton Union, for which 
 purpose it was considerably enlarged and vrork- 
 shops added ; the adult inmates were removed to 
 the Union Workhouse. The primary object of 
 the school is to give the children such instruction 
 and moral and industrial training as shall enable 
 them in after life to support themselves. The 
 
 after, devisinr/ with me concerning the place ivhich you now occupy, 
 I trust in the end to good purpose, however things thwart 
 now." — Ihid. p. Ixxxvi. Letter of Paget to the Protector Somerset. 
 
 t Communicated by John Gough Nichols, Esq., F.S.A., by 
 whose kind suggestion it is here given, as being more accurately 
 put together than to Ijc found elsewhere.
 
 221 
 
 school is under the supervision of the Council 
 on Education, who send an Inspector of Schools 
 yearly to examine and report thereon. There 
 are about six acres of land attached to the school 
 entirely cultivated by the boys. The clothing 
 and shoes for the inmates are also made by them. 
 The industrious training of the girls is carefully 
 attended to, rendering them fit for service at an 
 early age. The advantage of the separation of 
 the children from the adult paupers has been 
 most satisfactory. The average number of 
 children sent into situatioiis, for many years 
 past, has been thirty, numbers of whom are now 
 respectable members of society. 
 
 In the year 1855 an Infirmary, detached from 
 the school, was, under the order of the Poor 
 Law Board, erected by the Board of Guardians, 
 which is capable of accommodating forty children. 
 The Infirmary is a substantial brick building and 
 constructed on the most approved plan for space 
 and ventilation. 
 
 The new Chapel for the Primitive Methodists. 
 
 About seven years ago a number of persons 
 assembled weekly on Chase-green, as itinerant 
 preachers, they afterwards engaged a room in
 
 22S 
 
 the neighbourhood of Baker-street, and subse- 
 quently succeeded in raising funds to take a barn 
 at the Holly-bush, which they fitted up as a 
 temporary chapel, where they continued their 
 services till they received the promise of a 
 handsome donation from a lady (Mrs. Tolputt) 
 on condition that they would build a new chapel; 
 on the strength of which the chapel was built 
 and subscriptions raised to complete the required 
 amount. The chapel is erected on the estate of 
 the North London Society, at Chase-side ; it is a 
 very neat, substantial, brick building, free from 
 needless decorations, and well adapted for the 
 poorer classes, for whom it is intended. The 
 first of a series of opening services took place on 
 the 28th of October, 1858. 
 
 The Free School and its Masters. 
 
 At page 140 the reader is referred to the 
 Appendix for further information respecting the 
 Free Grammar-school, and the two masters, 
 Emery and Chambers. 
 
 On the occasion of Emery refusing to vacate 
 the office of master, which he was called ujjon to 
 do, by order of the trustees, for alleged mis- 
 conduct, an action for ejectment was brought
 
 229 
 
 against him by the trustees, (Connop and others 
 V. Emery) which was tried in the Court of 
 Common Pleas, before Mr. Justice Erie, in 
 June, 1846, when a verdict was returned for the 
 defendant. 
 
 The latter master. Chambers, was elected in 
 December, 1846. He paid Emery £450, as 
 compensation to induce him to surrender up 
 possession of the school, and all the benefits 
 pertaining thereto. After being master for 
 upwards of ten years. Chambers himself has, 
 for alleged misconduct, had notice served upon 
 him to give up possession of the school to the 
 trustees. 
 
 In order to arrive at this conclusion, a Court of 
 enquiry was convened, and held at the Public 
 Offices, at Enfield, by order of the Charity 
 Commissioners, presided over by Walter Skirrow 
 the younger. Esquire. The investigation lasted 
 several days, and resulted in the Commissioners, 
 after due consideration of the evidence adduced, 
 recommending the immediate dismissal of Cham- 
 bers, Avhich has subsequently been confirmed by 
 order of the trustees, and decision of the vestry. 
 
 Notwithstanding these proceedings. Chambers 
 still holds possession of the school. Thus matters 
 stand at the present time, December, 1858.
 
 230 
 
 A?i additional fund apjjlied to the purjwses of 
 the Free School. 
 
 The sum of £321 14s. 4d, is invested in 3 per 
 cent, consols, and stands in the name of the 
 Accountant General of the Court of Chancery. 
 The money was received by the Benfleet Charity, 
 of the London, Tilbury, and Southend Railway 
 Company for the purchase of land. The interest 
 amounting annually to £13 13s. lOd. is carried to 
 the benefit of the Free Grammar-school. 
 
 The Parish Register. 
 
 The earliest date in the parish register com- 
 mences in the year 1550; and this old book, 
 which is in tolerable good preservation, closes 
 with the year 1587, and is in the vestry-room. 
 
 The book which contains the entries of the 
 Baptisms begins in 1588 ; the Marriages, August 
 1588; and Burials in July 1592. 
 
 The two first volumes are on parchment, from 
 1588 to 1639, and from 1639 to 1653. The two 
 next are on paper, from 1653 to 1703, and from 
 thence to 177.*
 
 231 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Abbot of Thomey's Lands 
 
 Almshouses 
 
 Ancient Hostelries and Houses 
 
 An additional Fund applied to the Eree School 
 
 Antiquities, Coins, Tokens, &c 
 
 Assembly Rooms 
 
 Benetit Societies 
 
 Biographical Notices of Eminent Individuals 
 
 Boundaries of the Parish 
 
 Chancellors of the Duchy of Lancaster ... 
 
 Chapels 
 
 Charities and Estates belonging to the Parish 
 
 Chase Side Works 
 
 Churches 
 
 Conduits 
 
 Crape Factory 
 
 CricketCIub' 
 
 Dispute between the Trustees and the Masters 
 
 Free School 
 
 Divisions of the Parish 
 
 Duchy of Lancaster 
 
 Enfield Chase 
 
 Enfield Ordnance Factory 
 
 Enfield Workhouse 
 
 Etymology of the word Enfield 
 
 Extent in Acres 
 
 Fairs 
 
 Farmers' Club 
 
 Foot Paths 
 
 Foundation of the Free School ... . 
 
 Gas Works 
 
 Gentry in Middlesex, temp. Henry VL 
 Geogi-aphical Position and Boundary 
 
 Green and Encroachments 
 
 Historical Anecdote connected with the Palace 
 
 Illustrious Names 
 
 Institutions, Charitable Societies, &c. 
 
 King and the Tinker 
 
 Land and Building Societies 
 
 Lectureship 
 
 Local Board of Health 
 
 Magistracy 
 
 Manor of Enfield 
 
 Manors, Courts-Leet, Barons, &c. 
 
 of the 
 
 Garden 
 
 >AGE. 
 104 
 116 
 
 17 
 230 
 
 16 
 223 
 222 
 
 55 
 179 
 
 92 
 112 
 119 
 209 
 108 
 166 
 208 
 215 
 
 228 
 
 33 
 
 92 
 
 71 
 
 193 
 
 153 
 
 10 
 
 ibid. 
 
 29 
 
 214 
 
 101 
 
 129 
 
 210 
 
 70 
 
 9 
 
 170 
 
 224 
 
 54 
 
 218 
 
 21 
 
 211 
 
 107 
 
 217 
 
 217 
 
 87 
 
 32
 
 9559. 
 
 PAGE 
 
 Markets 28 
 
 Medicinal Plants 13 
 
 New Chapel of the Primitive Methodists 227 
 
 Occupation Roads 97 
 
 Parish Register 230 
 
 Places of Note 34 
 
 Plague at Enfield 27 
 
 Police Station 218 
 
 Polling Place 187 
 
 Population Returns ibid. 
 
 Post Offices and Branches 216 
 
 Private Schools 192 
 
 Privileges and Exemptions 31 
 
 Public Highways 97 
 
 Public Library 216 
 
 Public Schools 189 
 
 Queen Elizabeth at Enfield 49 
 
 Races 30 
 
 Railway 188 
 
 Rectory 104 
 
 Rivers, Brooks, and Streams 12 
 
 Roman Road ibid. 
 
 Savings Bank ... ., 216 
 
 Society of Enfield Archers 215 
 
 Soil, Water, Air, &c 11 
 
 Story of Canning and the Gipsey 24 
 
 Terrier of Lands, &c. belonging to the Enfield Charities 173 
 
 Timber Money 165 
 
 Title of Baron of Enfield ... 53 
 
 Traditions 18 
 
 Union School and Infirmary 226 
 
 Vicarage and Vicarage House 106 
 
 Visit of Queen Margaret to Enfield 51 
 
 Page 13, line 2 from the bottom, for Dulcamara Caules, read 
 Solanum Dulcamara. 
 
 Page 34, line 9 from bottom, it has been incorrectly stated 
 that Mr. Hill's paintings are at Claysmore, it does not appear 
 that they ever were there. 
 
 Page 62, line 2 from bottom, this is an error. Sir David 
 Wilkie was a candidate for the office of President of the Royal 
 Academy, but never received the appointment. 
 
 Page 99, line 12 from the bottom, for Hillary, read Ililanj 
 Term.
 
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