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 GEORGE HUTCHINSON 
 
Printed by Cowan &> Co., Limited, Perth. 
 
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MAJOR-GENERAL 
 
 GEORGE HUTCHINSON 
 
 C.B., C.S.I. 
 
 {Late of the Royal Engineers) 
 
 % micf /Memorial of 
 A HOLY AND USEFUL LIFE 
 
 BY 
 
 HENRY MORRIS 
 
 MADRAS CIVIL SERVICE (RETIRED) 
 
 Author of " The Founders and First Three Presidents of the Bible 
 Society" " Delight in the Lord" etc. 
 
 LONDON: CHAS. J. THYNNE 
 
 WYCLIFFE HOUSE 
 6 GREAT QUEEN STREET, LINCOLN'S INN, W.C. 
 
 OR OF THE 
 
 CHURCH MISSIONARY SOCIETY, SALISBURY SQUARE, E,C. 
 
 1900 
 
11 Fight the good fight with all thy might, 
 Christ is thy strength, and Christ thy right ; 
 Lay hold of life, and it shall be 
 Thy joy and crown eternally. 
 
 " Run the straight race by God's good grace, 
 Lift up thine eyes, and seek His face ; 
 Life with its way before us lies, 
 Christ is the path, and Christ the prize. 
 
 " Cast care aside, lean on thy Guide, 
 His boundless mercy will provide ; 
 Lean, and the trusting soul shall prove, 
 Christ is its life, and Christ its love. 
 
 " Faint not, fear not, His arms are near, 
 He changeth not, and thou art dear; 
 Only believe, #n,d # thou shall see ^ • t 
 That Christ is&i\m all Jo\tne;e;: ?# ; \} 
 
 JVlOJJS^LIa** 
 
 IIENRY MOP; 
 
INTRODUCTION 
 
 The sacred cause of Foreign Missions has un- 
 doubtedly derived much strength from the advocacy 
 of men in independent positions who have observed 
 the manner in which they have been conducted 
 abroad. Such men have not only stated what they 
 have known, and have given evidence regarding 
 what they have seen, but have themselves rendered 
 personal assistance in their counsel and encourage- 
 ment. Those who are in Government employ are 
 bound to abstain from active co-operation in their 
 official capacity ; but some of them have given 
 what is of even greater value — their countenance 
 and influence. They have, according to a well- 
 known saying, endeavoured to do Christian things 
 in a Christian way. The Church Missionary Society 
 has been peculiarly favoured in this respect. The 
 one who, if not its actual founder, did most towards 
 the founding of the Society, was Mr. Charles Grant, 
 of the Bengal Civil Service, afterwards a Director 
 of the East India Company. It has owed much 
 
 to men in high authority, such as General Browne, 
 
 5 
 
 K1 9KS7 
 
6 INTRODUCTION 
 
 Sir Robert Montgomery, Mr. Thomason, Sir Herbert 
 Edwardes, General Lake, and many others. 
 
 It is a great advantage for friends at home to 
 see that the cause of Missions is not supported only 
 by godly men and women in this country, but that 
 many of those who have observed its inner working 
 abroad have given it their cordial approval. It 
 seems to me that such a life as I have attempted 
 to portray in the following pages tends to afford 
 it a most salutary impetus. General Hutchinson 
 not only took a warm interest in the work of the 
 Church Missionary and Bible Societies, but also 
 bore an active part in the management of them 
 as a member of the governing body of each ; and 
 I hope that such an example will give a fresh 
 stimulus to the expansion of the kingdom of Christ 
 throughout the world. With this object in view 
 I willingly consented to the request of the publisher 
 to enlarge an article which I had written for the 
 " Church Missionary Intelligencer." May the divine 
 Master of Missions favour it with His blessing. 
 
 HENRY MORRIS. 
 Easter Day, 1900. 
 
CONTENTS 
 
 CHAPTER I. 
 
 PAGE 
 
 INFANCY AND YOUTH 9 
 
 CHAPTER II. 
 
 THE DEFENCE OF LUCKNOW 19 
 
 CHAPTER III. 
 
 FURTHER SERVICES IN INDIA 39 
 
 CHAPTER IV. 
 
 CLOSING YEARS -------- 49 
 
CHARACTER OF THE HAPPY WARRIOR. 
 
 " Who is the happy warrior ? Who is he 
 That every man in arms should wish to be ? 
 It is the generous spirit, who, when brought 
 Among the tasks of real life, hath wrought 
 Upon the plan that pleased his childish thought ; 
 Whose high endeavours are an inward light 
 That makes the path before him always bright ; 
 Who, with a natural instinct to discern 
 What knowledge can perform, is diligent to learn ; 
 Abides by this resolve, and stops not there, 
 But makes his moral being his prime care : 
 Who, doomed to go in company with pain, 
 And fear, and bloodshed, miserable train ! 
 Turns his necessity to glorious gain ; 
 In face of these doth exercise a power 
 Which is our human nature's highest dower ; 
 Controls them and subdues, transmutes, bereaves, 
 Of their bad influence, and their good receives ; 
 By objects, which might force the soul to abate 
 Her feeling, rendered more compassionate ; 
 Is placable — because occasions rise 
 So often that demand such sacrifice ; 
 More skilful in self-knowledge, even more pure, 
 As tempted more ; more able to endure, 
 As more exposed to suffering and distress ; 
 Thence, also, more alive to tenderness. 55 
 
 Wordsworth. 
 
GEORGE HUTCHINSON 
 
 CHAPTER I 
 
 Snftmcs an& JUoutb 
 
 " Who is the happy warrior ? Who is he 
 That every man in arms should wish to be ? 
 It is the generous spirit, . . . 
 Who comprehends his trust, and to the same 
 Keeps faithful with a singleness of aim ; 
 And therefore does not stoop, nor lie in wait 
 For wealth, or honours, or for worldly state ; 
 Who, not content that former worth stand fast, 
 Looks forward, persevering to the last, 
 And, while the mortal mist is gathering, draws 
 His breath in confidence of Heaven's applause : 
 This is the happy warrior ; this is he 
 Whom every man in arms should wish to be." 
 
 Wordsworth. 
 
 THESE lines are taken from Wordsworth's 
 charming little poem, u The Character of 
 the Happy Warrior " ; and in many respects the 
 character therein depicted seems peculiarly appli- 
 cable to the life and character of our friend, George 
 Hutchinson. With the record behind him of long 
 and honourable service in the employ of the East 
 
 9 
 
io GEORGE HUTCHINSON 
 
 India Company and of Her Majesty, he occupied the 
 later years of his life in direct work for the Lord and 
 Master whom he had continuously served. Early 
 trained by one under whose government the North- 
 West Provinces of India became the training- 
 school for the excellent administration of the Punjab, 
 when it was annexed to British India, he was prepared 
 for stern and trying events when the dark days of 
 the Sepoy Mutiny came upon the land ; then, when 
 he rose " to station of command/' he did so " by open 
 means," and there stood " on honourable terms " ; 
 when he was " called upon to face some awful moment 
 to which Heaven joined great issues," he kept " the 
 law in calmness made/' and u was equal to the need " ; 
 him 
 
 " Neither shape of danger could dismay, 
 Nor thought of tender happiness betray." 
 
 The Church Missionary Society has lost in George 
 Hutchinson a wise and thoughtful counsellor, a 
 sincere and trusted friend, and a warm advocate. As 
 member of Committee, as one of its happy band of 
 Secretaries, and as a man on whose advice in engin- 
 eering matters the Committee, even to the last, 
 constantly relied, he did for the Society invaluable 
 service which can scarcely be over-estimated. As 
 from time to time friends are, in the good providence 
 of God, removed, He in His prescient wisdom raises 
 up others to take their place, and a goodly succession 
 
C.M.S. House, Salisbury Square, London, E.C. 
 
INFANCY AND YOUTH u 
 
 of godly men come forward to carry on the sacred 
 work ; but the position of no man can exactly be 
 filled, and it will be very difficult for any one to render 
 to the Society just the admirable combination of 
 firmness and sweetness of temper, ripe counsel and 
 professional skill, financial acumen and administrative 
 ability, which our friend was permitted to render. 
 
 George Hutchinson was the son of Colonel 
 Hutchinson, of the Bengal Engineers, and bore his 
 father's Christian name. He was born at sea on 
 March 18, 1826, when his father and mother were 
 coming to England. His father was himself a dis- 
 tinguished officer. He served throughout the war in 
 Nepaul, and received the thanks of the Commander- 
 in-Chief for his services during it. He and another 
 officer constructed the fortifications at Delhi, which 
 were afterwards so severely tested during the Mutiny ; 
 and, when in civil employ, he built three churches in 
 the province of Bengal, one of them being in Calcutta. 
 He was a man of true and genuine piety. 
 
 Colonel Hutchinson married Martha, the second 
 daughter of Mr. James Williams. She was a woman 
 of a most sweet and lovable temper. A touching 
 letter, written by her husband to her uncle, Mr. 
 Wigram Money, of the Bengal Civil Service, has been 
 placed in my hands. It gives an affecting account 
 of her death. She seems to have been in perfect 
 general health up to the 29th of March, 1826, when she 
 became ill and gradually sank. She died on April 1, 
 to the inexpressible grief of her husband, calmly 
 
12 GEORGE HUTCHINSON 
 
 trusting in the finished work of her Saviour. As he 
 expressed himself in this letter : " She became more 
 than conqueror over all the assaults of the c accuser 
 of the brethren/ assuring us that the Lord had heard 
 her, and that she was quite happy. Her prayers at 
 last were all for me and the dear babe." 
 
 In a note written on board ship, after chronicling the 
 event of his birth, his father adds the following beautiful 
 prayer, which all who knew the son will feel has been 
 fully answered, and the desire expressed abundantly 
 fulfilled : " O Father of mercies, grant, I beseech 
 Thee, Thy especial blessing upon the dear child Thou 
 hast given unto me. Create him anew, O Lord, by 
 Thy Holy Spirit. Renew a right spirit within him, 
 and may he grow in grace and in the knowledge and 
 love of God as he grows in years." 
 
 On the day of the child's baptism, April 23, he 
 wrote : " The dear babe was this day brought unto 
 Christ to be admitted by baptism into the visible 
 Church of God. O holy and blessed Saviour, may he 
 be received of Thee, and be baptised with water and 
 the Holy Ghost, that he may be a lively member of 
 Thy Holy Church ; may he be regenerated anew of 
 the Holy Spirit, and be made a partaker of Thy 
 heavenly kingdom." 
 
 Only one event of his infancy is recorded, and we 
 mention it on account of another affecting prayerwhich 
 it elicited. It shows that his father was at Brighton 
 in the September after his arrival in England. 
 
INFANCY AND YOUTH 13 
 
 " Brighton, September 2nd, — The dear little infant 
 this morning, from the inattention of the nurse, fell 
 from the bed, about two feet and a half high, but was 
 most mercifully preserved from any injury, having 
 fallen on his face. May Thy continual goodness and 
 great mercy, O Lord, be ever before me, and may my 
 heart be deeply and duly affected by it, that with 
 unfeigned love I may ever bless and praise Thy Holy 
 Name." 
 
 On the arrival of his father in England (July 6) ? 
 the motherless babe was taken to his grandfather's 
 house. As we have already seen, he was with his 
 father at Brighton in September, and he then appears 
 to have been confided to the charge of his aunt, Mrs. 
 William Hutchinson, who resided in York. 
 
 In 1834, George Hutchinson entered the Blackheath 
 Proprietary School, which had not been long estab- 
 lished. The first two boarding-houses were kept by 
 Major Richardson and another officer, neither of 
 whom took any part in the teaching beyond seeing 
 that the boys knew their lessons, and learned their 
 weekly verses and collects, for they were both godly 
 men. George Hutchinson was sent to the house of 
 the former, which was situated in Cresswell Park, 
 nearly opposite the front entrance to the school ; and 
 he used to spend his half-holidays with his aunt, Mrs. 
 Stephen, who lived next door, and had charge of his 
 sisters, his father having meanwhile married again. 
 
 One of his school-fellows, Mr. Fenn Clark, of 
 
14 GEORGE HUTCHINSON 
 
 Leamington, still survives, and has kindly given a 
 few details of that time. He himself entered the 
 Proprietary School and went to Major Richardson's 
 house in 183 1, and George Hutchinson went there 
 two or three years later, when they became great 
 friends. He says that he remained there until 1838, 
 when Colonel Hutchinson returned from India, and, 
 being shocked at his son's backward position in the 
 school, took him away. The head-master, however, 
 had a higher opinion of his progress, as he marked 
 him down each term as " diligent and attentive." 
 His name does not appear in the register after Easter, 
 1838 ; but, as his father reached England on his 
 return from India on June 13, 1839, he must have 
 been removed from the school about midsummer in 
 the latter year. 
 
 On his father and step-mother's arrival, all the family 
 lived together, first at Sydenham and then at Leaming- 
 ton. In 1840 his father was appointed head-master 
 of a College of Civil Engineers, which was first opened 
 at Kentish Town, and then removed to Putney. 
 Here George Hutchinson was a pupil until he went to 
 Addiscombe, having obtained a cadetship in the East 
 India Company's military service. 
 
 He entered Addiscombe in the year 1842, when he 
 was only sixteen years of age. His friend General 
 Crofton, who entered the " Seminary " six months 
 later, says that " he was one of the steady Christian 
 characters there." He came out in the Engineers, 
 and so, on leaving Addiscombe in 1844, he was at 
 
INFANCY AND YOUTH 15 
 
 Chatham during the greater part of the following 
 year. Soon after his arrival in India he was 
 appointed to the Corps of Sappers and Miners in 
 January, 1846. Next month he joined the army of 
 the Sutlej, just after the battle of Sobraon, and 
 accompanied it on its march to Lahore. Before the 
 Treaty of Peace was signed, he, with four other 
 Engineer officers, carried out a survey of the environs 
 of that city. 
 
 Soon after this he entered civil employ in the 
 North-West Provinces, which were then under the 
 government of James Thomason, one of the best 
 and ablest Lieutenant-governors who has ever held 
 that responsible position. Lieutenant Hutchinson's 
 father had married a sister of Mr. Thomason, and 
 naturally, when at head-quarters, he stayed a good 
 deal with one who was so near a connection. When 
 a few years ago I was writing a brief memoir of this 
 Christian statesman, General Hutchinson was kind 
 enough to give me two or three personal anecdotes 
 of him, one of which I think my readers will be 
 pleased to read as a reminiscence both of the narrator 
 and of his distinguished kinsman. " I was with him," 
 the former said, " on an elephant some time, I think, 
 in 1847, when we were out in camp, taking a quiet 
 ride through the country. He was most careful on 
 such occasions, when the young crops were coming 
 up, not to take the elephant where it would injure the 
 crops by its feet or by its trunk, and he allowed 
 only one or two sowars to follow him. Suddenly we 
 
16 GEORGE HUTCHINSON 
 
 saw a young civilian coming towards us on an 
 elephant, tearing across the fields regardless of the 
 crops. Mr. Thomason's distress, and his dignified 
 rebuke to the thoughtless young man, I can never 
 forget" 
 
 In May, 1846, Lieutenant Hutchinson was 
 appointed Assistant to the Superintendent of Canals 
 west of the Jumna, and, until 1848, he was employed 
 there and in the Dehra Dun on irrigation works. In 
 1850 he was transferred to the Punjab, where he 
 served for six years in the Trans- Indus territory. 
 His oldest surviving friend, General Crofton, kindly 
 writes to me about this period of his service as 
 follows : — 
 
 " He remained in charge of the Dehra Dun canals till the 
 end of 1 849, or thereabouts, and subsequently was transferred 
 to the Punjab. A medical man in the Government service 
 whom I met some years ago, of a decided Christian character, 
 told me that, when stationed about this time at Dehra Ghazi 
 Khan on the Indian frontier, dear George Hutchinson was the 
 instrument under God of his conversion. So he was early led 
 to try to win souls for his Master. He did not speak much on 
 religious matters in public in earlier years, so far as I know. 
 In after years he used, I know, to gather his Hindu and 
 Mohammedan servants together in his own house to read and 
 explain the Bible to them. After 1849 I l° st sight of George 
 Hutchinson for many years, till 1865, I think, when he re- 
 turned from Oude to take up the appointment of Chief of 
 Police. From that time till I left the Punjab, in 1874, we met 
 constantly in the summer. His official duties were heavy, but 
 never prevented him from helping in any efforts to promote his 
 Master's cause." 
 
: ' Christian, seek not yet repose,' 
 Hear thy guardian angel say ; 
 Thou art in the midst of foes ; 
 'Watch and pray.' 
 
 ; Principalities and powers, 
 
 Mustering their unseen array, 
 Wait for thine unguarded hours, 
 ' Watch and pray.' 
 
 ; Gird thy heavenly armour on, 
 Wear it ever night and day ; 
 Ambushed lies the evil one ; 
 ' Watch and pray.' " 
 
 Charlotte Elliott. 
 
CHARACTER OF THE HAPPY WARRIOR. 
 
 " 'Tis he whose law is reason ; who depends 
 Upon that law as on the best of friends ; 
 Whence, in a state where men are tempted still 
 To evil for a guard against worse ill, 
 And what in quality or act is best 
 Doth seldom on a right foundation rest, 
 He fixes good on good alone, and owes 
 To virtue every triumph that he knows : 
 Who, if he rise to station of command, 
 Rises by open means ; and there will stand 
 On honourable terms, or else retire, 
 And in himself possess his own desire ; 
 Who comprehends his trust, and to the same 
 Keeps faithful with a singleness of aim ; 
 And therefore does not stoop, nor lie in wait 
 For wealth, or honours, or for worldly state : 
 Whom they must follow; on whose head must fall, 
 Like showers of manna, if they come at all : 
 Whose powers shed round him in the common strife, 
 Or mild concerns of ordinary life, 
 A constant influence, a peculiar grace; 
 But who, if he be called upon to face 
 Some awful moment to which Heaven has joined 
 Great issues, good or bad for human kind, 
 Is happy as a lover ; and attired 
 With sudden brightness, like a man inspired ; 
 And, through the heat of conflict, keeps the law 
 In calmness made, and sees what he foresaw ; 
 Or if an unexpected call succeed, 
 Come when it will, is equal to the need." 
 
 Wordsworth. 
 
CHAPTER II 
 
 TIbe defence of Xucftnow 
 
 " Hark cannonade, fusillade ! Is it true what was told by the 
 
 scout, 
 Outram and Havelock breaking their way through the fell 
 
 mutineers ? 
 Surely the pibroch of Europe is ringing again in our ears ! 
 All on a sudden the garrison utter a jubilant shout, 
 Havelock's glorious Highlanders answer with conquering cheers. 
 Sick from the hospital echo them, women and children come 
 
 out, 
 Blessing the wholesome white faces of Havelock's good 
 
 fusileers, 
 Kissing the war-harden'd hand of the Highlander wet with 
 
 their tears ! 
 Dance to the pibroch !— saved ! we are saved ! Is it you? is 
 
 it you ? 
 Saved by the valour of Havelock, saved by the blessing of 
 
 Heaven ! 
 ' Hold it for fifteen days ! ' — we have held it for eighty-seven ! 
 And ever aloft on the palace roof the old banner of England 
 
 blew." 
 
 Tennyson. 
 
 RETURNING to India after his furlough, 
 Lieutenant Hutchinson was appointed First 
 Class Executive Engineer in Oude in May, 1856. 
 In the following year the Sepoy Mutiny broke 
 out, and he served throughout the terrible siege 
 
 19 
 
20 GEORGE HUTCHINSON 
 
 of the Residency of Lucknow, and at the gallant 
 defence of the Alum Bagh under Sir James Outram. 
 This is not the place to give a full narrative 
 of that sad time. I confine myself only to the 
 part played in it by Lieutenant Hutchinson him- 
 self. He did excellent service before the sieee 
 in bringing in Europeans who were in the dis- 
 trict, and during the siege he was the life and 
 soul of the engineering department, who were 
 busied with the defences and in conducting mining 
 operations. He wrote an admirable " Narrative of the 
 Mutinies in Oude," giving an account of the events 
 which led up to the outbreak in that province. Its 
 value consists in its being an official record of these 
 events published by authority. It was published by 
 Messrs. Smith, Elder & Co., in 1859. 
 
 In this little volume, which the author of the 
 latter part of the " Life of Sir Henry Lawrence" 
 selected from the various accounts of that time 
 as the best, many interesting details are given 
 which do not appear in the larger histories. 
 Little, however, is said regarding the siege of Luck- 
 now itself, and the author modestly says nothing 
 about his own services during the siege or the defence 
 of the Alum Bagh. He was at Faizabad in February, 
 1857, when a Mohammedan firebrand, then known 
 as the Maulavi, was captured ; and as he marched 
 across country to Lucknow he found the people still 
 peaceable and quiet. He reached Lucknow on 
 March 12, eight days before Sir Henry Lawrence, 
 
THE DEFENCE OF LUC KNOW 21 
 
 the new Chief Commissioner, arrived and assumed 
 charge of the province. Even then there were 
 rumours of coming disaster, which thickened during 
 the two succeeding months. Unceasing exertions 
 were made by Sir Henry both in the direction of the 
 maintenance of loyalty and peace, and in preparing 
 for defence by improving the fortification of the 
 Residency and other important buildings. Lieutenant 
 Hutchinson's account of the Chief Commissioner's ten- 
 der pleading with the native nobility is very pathetic. 
 "Sir Henry Lawrence," he wrote, " appeared to see 
 from the beginning that the mutiny would spread far 
 and wide. He had himself spared no exertions, no 
 means to stay the tide : grand durbars were held, in 
 which the faithful soldiers who brought forward mis- 
 creants tampering with the men were rewarded with 
 an open hand, and on those occasions Sir Henry was 
 wont to say a few words of advice to the native 
 nobility, officers, and soldiers assembled around him. 
 His words were described by an eye-witness as 
 plainly spoken, with energy and candour. Delicately 
 alluding to the honours that decorated his breast, and 
 those of many native officers present, he reminded 
 them of the fatherly Government which had 
 bestowed them, and whose kindness and considera- 
 tion were as great as its justice was sure and 
 impartial " (p. 56). 
 
 The next words were, "with all his care for 
 Lucknow, Sir Henry was not unmindful of the out- 
 stations of Oude." Lieutenant Hutchinson was the 
 
22 GEORGE HUTCHINSON 
 
 means of saving the lives of five officers in the 
 country lying to the north of Lucknow, and could 
 have rescued more if they had listened to his warning 
 voice. On May 10 he was at the little town of 
 Mahamdi ; and leisurely marching down to Sitapur, 
 he examined the line for a proposed new road which 
 Lieutenant Birch, his assistant, who was with him, 
 had surveyed, he reached that town on the 19th. 
 Rumours of revolt in various quarters were then rife, 
 and he found that Mr. Christian, the Commissioner, 
 was expecting the outbreak of the 41st Bengal Native 
 Infantry and other troops stationed there. Lieutenant 
 Hutchinson patiently listened to his plans for defence. 
 Among other ideas was the bold and hazardous step 
 of detaching some of the suspected troops at Lucknow, 
 and, avoiding Sitapur, marching them to the north of 
 his district to be out of harm's way. Sir Henry 
 Lawrence, after much hesitation, sanctioned this 
 movement, making Lieutenant Hutchinson his aide- 
 de-camp, and putting him in political command of 
 the expedition. It was a wonderfully exciting and 
 perilous march, and he had a marvellously narrow 
 escape ; but we think the narrative will be more vivid 
 in his own words, which have been found in a hitherto 
 unpublished manuscript. 
 
 " Towards the middle of May, 1857, my surveying 
 duties took me near Sitapur, in Oude, where then 
 resided the late Mr. Christian, the Commissioner. 
 
 " Having previously formed his acquaintance, I again 
 availed myself of his kind invitation, and went to stay 
 
THE DEFENCE OF LUC KNOW 23 
 
 a few days with him. I found him in the midst of 
 preparations for fortifying and defending his own com- 
 pound, and deeply impressed with the conviction that 
 a most severe struggle might very possibly, and ere 
 long, fall on us. 
 
 " He considered the position of Lucknow as most 
 critical, whilst that of his own station he thought 
 much less so. The great danger of Lucknow, he said, 
 was the large number of native troops ; and that, if 
 Sir Henry Lawrence could only get rid of some, the 
 safety of Lucknow would be much more probable. 
 We had many conversations on the subject, and the 
 result was that we agreed that I should go into 
 Lucknow, and volunteer to Sir Henry Lawrence to 
 take political charge of as large a body of native 
 troops as he could well send away without exciting 
 suspicion ; that I should bring these troops into Mr. 
 Christian's division, and so keep them marching about 
 on the ground of overawing the refractory talukdars 
 (land owners), rajas, etc.; that they would be really do- 
 ing good service, and be themselves out of harm's way. 
 
 " At this time the population of Oude was uneasy 
 — talukdars and others were collecting their followers, 
 and armed men were to be seen in all directions. 
 I accordingly went into Lucknow and made the 
 proposal to Sir Henry Lawrence. 
 
 " He said at once that it would result simply in the 
 massacre of myself and all the officers with me, and 
 that he could not try it. 
 
 " Some three or four days afterwards he sent for me, 
 
24 GEORGE HUTCHINSON 
 
 and said that, if I still was of the same mind, I 
 might try ; that I should be appointed his aide-de- 
 camp, and should have political charge of a force 
 composed of two troops of regular cavalry and 
 two companies of infantry, which should be sent 
 away from Lucknow towards Fatighar on the plea 
 of escorting thither Major Marriott, the pension pay- 
 master, to pay pensioners at that station. 
 
 " I only stipulated that the troops should not move 
 one foot without my orders, as I knew, if they might 
 move as they liked, the plan of Mr. Christian to keep 
 them out of harm's way would of necessity fail. 
 
 "Accordingly I took charge of the column, and 
 received as a persona) guard some twenty Sikhs, and 
 some six police and fifty nujjeebs (local levies). 
 
 " When the column had marched about twenty-six 
 miles from Lucknow tidings reached us of the mutiny 
 in the cantonment of Lucknow. Runaway horse- 
 keepers and others came out, joined our force, and soon 
 filled the minds of the men with anything but satis- 
 factory ideas as to the state of the British Raj in 
 Lucknow. As our men belonged to the regiments 
 which had mutinied, the matter was the more serious. 
 From that hour the men became markedly mutinous. 
 I ascertained from my own Sikhs that so long as the 
 column marched towards Delhi all would outwardly 
 go smoothly, but that directly an attempt was made 
 to keep them in Oude, they would break out. I duly 
 warned all the officers of what I knew of the state of 
 their men. Captain Staples, commanding the cavalry, 
 
THE DEFENCE OF LUCKNOW 25 
 
 said he could not and would not believe his men, 
 with whom he had served for twenty-two years, would 
 do him or any officer any real harm even if they did 
 mutiny. In this state the column entered Mr. 
 Christian's division, and I at once put myself in com- 
 munication with him. The column had to pass, on 
 its way towards Fatighar, a civil station called 
 Mulaon, in which resided Mr. Capper, the Deputy- 
 Commissioner, and a Lieutenant Inglis, commanding 
 a detachment of the 48th from Sitapur. This 
 detachment had charge of the Treasury. 
 
 "Mr. Capper met us and told me that the 48th 
 openly declared they should soon have the treasure. 
 I ascertained through my Sikhs that negotiations 
 were then attempted between our column and the 
 48th, partly with a view to dividing the treasure at 
 once ; but the 48th would not agree to give up any 
 part. The column moved on, therefore, without 
 further trouble. 
 
 " I must mention here that, owing to the unsettled 
 state of the country, it was daily part of my duty to 
 go off the road very early in the morning (the 
 column marched at night, it being the month of June) 
 into the neighbouring villages with elephants to buy 
 and bring supplies, for in no other way could I get 
 them. 
 
 u A few days after leaving Mulaon, one of our 
 marches took us near the Ganges, and during my 
 absence, for the purpose of getting supplies, the troops 
 suddenly diverged from the line of march, crossed the 
 
26 GEORGE HUTCHINSON 
 
 river, and carried all their officers over with them. All 
 my baggage and foot police guard they forced to go 
 as far as an island, and there the guard positively 
 refused to go further, knowing that it was against 
 orders. 
 
 " On my return from the foraging expedition, after 
 some time, I traced the column to the banks of the 
 river, and ascertained it had crossed. My Sikhs soon 
 discovered my baggage on the island, and in a short 
 time one of the men with it came off and told us all 
 about it. He described how they had made them 
 solemnly swear to bring me across and all my party, 
 and on that oath allowed them to remain on the 
 island. My Sikhs at once said that to cross was to 
 enclose the last bird in the net, and was simply 
 madness ; moreover, the column was out of Oude, in 
 the very highroad to the way of temptation, i.e., 
 Delhi ; and my presence with it would be simply 
 sanctioning its disobedience. I wrote over to the 
 commanding officer, again pointing out the palpably 
 mutinous spirit of the men, and proposing a plan by 
 which they could bring matters to a crisis, and either 
 take the troops back to Cawnpore (then quiet), or 
 come to an open rupture at the time and in the way 
 which would give the officers every chance of a safe 
 retreat. I said I would in the night cross with my 
 men, all dismounted, and be on the bank ready to 
 assist them and cover their retreat. My plan was 
 not tried. Major Marriott sent for his native 
 officers and told them the column was to go to 
 
THE DEFENCE OF LUC KNOW 27 
 
 Cawnpore. All flatly refused. He subsequently 
 came across to me. 
 
 "Finding that the officers did nothing, and were 
 determined to go with the column towards Delhi, 
 I wrote over, saying that I would hover about on this 
 bank for a few days, and that, at any rate, they ought 
 to send over Dr. Darby ; I also again warned them 
 to be on their guard. The doctor came over. I had 
 then with me Major Marriott, Dr. Darby, and my own 
 personal assistant, Lieutenant Tulloch. I had about 
 twenty Sikhs, horse, and six foot — the nujjeebs had 
 nearly all gradually absconded, and were quite useless. 
 My duty was not only to bring these officers safely 
 back to Lucknow, but to save also Mr. Capper and 
 Lieutenant Inglis. 
 
 "Before leaving the Ganges, the officers on the other 
 side sent for Dr. Darby, saying Captain Staples was 
 very ill with fever. I relieved the doctor of the 
 responsibility of deciding, replying that I would not 
 allow him to risk his life, no matter how ill Captain 
 Staples might be. I again warned them to be on 
 their guard, and that in twenty-four hours or there- 
 about I must be leaving the Ganges to see after 
 Mulaon. A few days after leaving the Ganges the 
 troops rose in the middle of the day, and murdered 
 every one of the officers except Lieutenant Bolton, 
 who escaped into Cawnpore and rode into the en- 
 trenchment. He was well mounted and went across 
 country, the cavalry after him. On approaching 
 Mulaon, I placed myself in communication with Mr. 
 
28 GEORGE HUTCHINSON 
 
 Capper, and in a day or so he joined me, the 48th 
 having mutinied and taken the treasure. Lieutenant 
 Inglis also escaped and joined my camp. I had then 
 five officers to care for, and the responsibility and 
 anxiety attendant thereon can only be fully appre- 
 ciated by one who has himself been in similar 
 circumstances. The country was in arms everywhere 
 — a part of the troops had already mutinied ; and the 
 remainder faithful as yet, but, of course, not thoroughly 
 to be relied on if our Raj showed any more signs of 
 weakness. I resolved to return to Lucknow, and 
 then getting more Sikhs, if possible, come out again, 
 and try and keep the country quiet between Luck- 
 now and Cawnpore. I did so, brought the officers 
 in safely, got more Sikhs, and went out again, having 
 been invested with the full powers of a Deputy Com- 
 missioner. Events, however, rolled on so rapidly, 
 and the closing of the Residency gates became so 
 evidently a mere matter of time, that my little party 
 was recalled." 
 
 Lieutenant Hutchinson, in this narrative, several 
 times refers with satisfaction to the courage and 
 fidelity of his Sikh escort. One of the curious and 
 marvellous anomalies of that sad time occurred in 
 connection with this guard, for their leader, with 
 five or six others, actually deserted during the 
 siege. 
 
 This memorable siege began on June 30. For 
 several months every eye in India was riveted on 
 Lucknow. Owing to the prescience and foresight of 
 
THE DEFENCE OF LUC KNOW 29 
 
 Sir Henry Lawrence, every precaution had been 
 taken to lay in an ample store of provisions, and the 
 garrison was well prepared to hold out even to the 
 last extremity. As he belonged to the Engineer 
 Corps, Lieutenant Hutchinson's services were princi- 
 pally utilised in counter-acting the effect of the 
 enemy's mining efforts. Three or four vigorous 
 attempts at assault were made and repulsed ; but the 
 pertinacious enemy devoted himself chiefly to these 
 mining operations, and the garrison was constantly 
 employed in counter-mining. 
 
 General Tulloch, who served with the subject of 
 this memoir, both at Lucknow and in the Punjab, 
 kindly sends me the following vivid reminiscence : — 
 " Orders had reached Captain Fulton that the mine 
 at the Cawnpore battery post was to be exploded. 
 Everything was ready ; but, at the last moment, the 
 order was countermanded, and the hose left as it was. 
 The next morning the order came to * blow.' Cap- 
 tain Fulton went down and lighted the fuse, while 
 we waited at the top. After some time, nothing 
 happening, Captain Fulton said, ' Well, I must go 
 down and see what's up.' Innes, Hutchinson, and 
 myself were present. Hutchinson immediately 
 claimed the post of danger as second in command. 
 Fulton put it to the vote, and we gave it against him. 
 Hutchinson took a sergeant with him, went down, 
 and had a look at the hose, and found that it was 
 fizzing, and, when he cut it off, the fizzing was about 
 
3 o GEORGE HUTCHINSON 
 
 two feet or so from the dry part of the hose, which 
 was enclosed in a bamboo. During the night the 
 hose, being on the ground, had become damp. I 
 mention this circumstance as an illustration of 
 Hutchinson's courage." 
 
 I remember hearing, some time ago, a lecture 
 which General Hutchinson gave to the Church 
 Missionary Society's Lay Workers' Union on the 
 Siege of Lucknow ; and the graphic details of the 
 mining and counter-mining, and the thrilling account 
 of the way in which he could hear the tapping of the 
 enemy's picks, and scraps of their conversation, still 
 linger in my memory. 
 
 During the second stage of the siege — that is, after 
 the arrival of reinforcements under Sir Henry Have- 
 lock and Sir James Outram on September 25 — Lieu- 
 tenant Hutchinson, being then the senior Engineer 
 officer fit for duty, had, for some time, the entire 
 charge of the engineering operations until the com- 
 plete relief of the garrison under Sir Colin Campbell — 
 afterwards Lord Clyde — on November 17. After the 
 beautifully-planned and skilfully-executed removal of 
 the garrison had been carried out, Sir Colin decided to 
 leave a comparatively large force at the Alum Bagh, 
 with the object of keeping watch over the rebels in 
 Lucknow, and of holding possession of Oude, until he 
 was in a position to return and occupy the city and 
 province. The Alum Bagh was an old palace 
 enclosure with a small fort ; and as the force, which 
 consisted of only some 4,400 men, mostly Europeans, 
 
THE DEFENCE OF L UCKNO W 3 1 
 
 at first was encamped on an open plain, it was 
 necessary to have the encampment carefully and 
 strongly entrenched. Sir James Outram commanded, 
 and Lieutenant Hutchinson acted throughout the 
 occupation, which lasted three months — from 
 November 27, 1857, to the end of February, 1858 
 — as his Chief Engineer. The enemy numbered some 
 95,000 rebel troops in and around the city of 
 Lucknow, which was only three miles distant, the 
 suburbs being much nearer, so that they had every 
 advantage in their position, which enabled them to 
 make sudden and dangerous rushes. The constancy 
 and the severity of their attacks might have done 
 more injury to the courageous little garrison, if it 
 had not been for the skill with which their entrench- 
 ments and other defensive works were constructed. 
 Sir James Outram bore the warmest and most 
 generous testimony to the value of the services he 
 rendered during this trying time. " I am of opinion/' 
 he wrote, " that the engineering works planned and 
 executed by Lieutenant Hutchinson for the defence 
 of the Alum Bagh position and for strengthening 
 the Alum Bagh and Jellalabad fortifications were as 
 important, whether as regards formation or extent, 
 as ever heretofore, I believe, have fallen to the charge 
 of any field officer of Engineers. They consisted of 
 every description of field work, batteries, trenches, 
 traverses, and covered ways, besides fortifying two 
 villages on our flank. To the skill and ability with 
 
32 GEORGE HUTCHINSON 
 
 which the defensive works were laid out and con- 
 structed I attribute, in great measure, the gratifying 
 fact that the enemy never on any occasion was able 
 to penetrate within our lines of defence, though 
 extending over a circuit of ten miles, and the little 
 loss we sustained in repelling our attacks." No 
 praise given to a young officer could have been 
 more encouraging. 
 
 I think that the following letter from the late Lord 
 Napier of Magdala to the author of the " History of 
 the Royal Munster Fusiliers" will be read with 
 interest, as it gives a striking instance of Lieutenant 
 Hutchinson's skill, ingenuity, and fertility of resource 
 in his profession : — 
 
 "Sir, — At page 512 of the ' History of the Royal Munster 
 Fusiliers ' you attribute to me an act the credit of which was 
 due to Lieutenant George Hutchinson, of the late Bengal 
 Engineers. That able officer, in company with the late Colonel 
 Berkley, Her Majesty's 32nd Regiment, laid out the defences of 
 the Alum Bagh Camp, remarkable for its bold plan, which was 
 so well devised that, with an apparently dangerous extent, it 
 was defensible at every point by the small but ever-ready force 
 under Sir James Outram. A long interval between the camp 
 and the outpost of Jellalabad, which it was obligatory to hold, 
 was defended by a post of support called ' Moir's Picket/ or 
 the two-gun picket. At that time this picket was covered by a 
 wide expanse of jheel, or lake, resulting from the rainy season. 
 Foreseeing the probable drying up of the water, Lieutenant 
 Hutchinson, by a clever inspiration, marched all the transport 
 elephants through and through the lake, and when the water 
 disappeared, the dried clay-bed, pierced into a honeycombed 
 surface of circular holes a foot in diameter and two or more feet 
 deep, became a better protection against either cavalry or 
 infantry than the water had been. In addition to this admir- 
 
THE DEFENCE OF LUC KNOW 33 
 
 able forethought, we were indebted to Lieutenant Hutchinson 
 for many acts of skill and daring during the defence of Lucknow 
 and the Alum Bagh. During the time of the occurrence above 
 described, I was recovering from a severe wound either in the 
 Cawnpore Hospital or as a guest of Lord Clyde, and I am 
 anxious to disclaim the credit of a clever bit of engineering 
 which belongs to my old subaltern and dear friend, General 
 George Hutchinson, of the late Bengal Engineers. 
 "Yours obediently, 
 
 "Napier of Magdala." 
 
 When Sir Colin Campbell's army returned 
 for the final capture of Lucknow, Lieutenant 
 Hutchinson was appointed Brigade-Major of En- 
 gineers to his force, and served as such throughout 
 the siege. As soon as the city of Lucknow had 
 been taken, Sir James Outram, who had commanded 
 one of the columns employed in its capture, reverted 
 to his former position as Chief Commissioner of 
 Oude ; but he did not remain long in this position, 
 for he was promoted to a higher appointment in 
 Calcutta, and he was succeeded in the very respon- 
 sible office of Chief Commissioner by Mr., afterwards 
 Sir Robert, Montgomery. Under this distinguished 
 statesman Major Hutchinson served as Military 
 Secretary until his transfer to the Punjab in a 
 similar capacity. Sir Robert Montgomery felt the 
 value of his knowledge of Oude, and stated that 
 his services during the eleven months of his own 
 stay in that province were most useful. Meanwhile, 
 Lieutenant Hutchinson was promoted to be a Captain 
 in April and a Major in July, 1858. For his exer- 
 
34 GEORGE HUTCHINSON 
 
 tions during this eventful and perilous time Major 
 Hutchinson received the hearty approbation of the 
 authorities both in India and in England. It will, 
 however, be sufficient here to quote the words used 
 by Sir Charles Wood, afterwards Lord Halifax, then 
 Secretary of State for India. "The excellent ser- 
 vice," he wrote, u performed by you during the 
 mutiny and disturbances in India in 1857-58 has 
 been brought to the notice of the Queen. After 
 taking an important part in the military operations, 
 you are reported to have been of signal service as a 
 civil officer and Military Secretary to the Chief Com- 
 missioner of Oude ; and I have been commanded 
 to convey to you the gracious approbation of Her 
 Majesty of your conduct during that critical period." 
 
 We have seen how frequent, and sometimes how 
 persistent, were the attacks made during the siege 
 of Lucknow ; and again, how the enemy, always 
 superior in numerical strength, several times made a 
 severe attack on the encampment at the Alum Bagh. 
 Lieutenant Hutchinson's life, as well as that of his 
 comrades, was often in extreme peril. 
 
 Nothing can more clearly show the real state of a 
 man's heart and his bearing before God than a 
 declaration of his feeling just before some dangerous 
 action. We make no apology, therefore, for giving 
 the following manly and straightforward letter, which 
 he wrote to his stepmother. It is dated January 18, 
 1858, from the Camp, Alum Bagh, when a severe 
 assault was expected to be made by the enemy. 
 
THE DEFENCE OF LUCKNOW 35 
 
 " My beloved Mother, — We expect a severe attack to- 
 day. May God be with us, as I feel He will. I would fain be 
 spared to live, and be useful yet a while ; but I should also say, 
 ' Thy will be done ! ' Very much love to you all. His love 
 will support you in all trials, and finally bring all we love to 
 everlasting peace. I feel myself still but a very weak creature ; 
 but He is omnipotent, and in His strength we may indeed 
 hope. 
 
 " Ever your Loving Son, 
 
 " G. Hutchinson." 
 
 " My notes of 22nd and 12th January express my feelings 
 more fully. I feel this is a very short note ; but my heart, you 
 know, is full of love. We expect a heavy attack to-day. May 
 He be with our poor fellows, and soon cause this bloodshed to 
 cease. I often think you all pray for me, and it is very precious 
 that thought at times. I cannot always feel strong in faith, 
 and you know how painful is that longing after that blessed 
 * assurance of faith. 5 May you all richly enjoy it. If spared to 
 meet again, may we daily grow more and more thankful, 
 humble, and faithful for all His unmerited mercies. Ever once 
 more, my beloved mother, sisters, and brothers, your affectionate 
 son and brother." 
 
 At the establishment of the Church Missionary 
 Society's Mission in Oude, Captain Hutchinson ren- 
 dered it as essential a service as he had rendered to 
 the Government during the siege of Lucknow and 
 the re-occupation of the province. Many Christian 
 friends, and foremost among them Mr. Robert Mont- 
 gomery, the Chief Commissioner of Oude, were 
 anxious that the Church Missionary Society should 
 at once step forward, and occupy the province in the 
 name of Christ. The Committee willingly accepted 
 this invitation, and requested their veteran missionary, 
 
36 GEORGE HUTCHINSON 
 
 the Rev. C. B. Leupolt, to proceed thither for this 
 purpose. Towards the end of August, 1859, he 
 started from Benares, being accompanied by the 
 Rev. David Mohan. As they climbed the bank of 
 the Ganges on the Oude side from Cawnpore, they 
 took solemn possession of the province in the name 
 of the Lord Jesus Christ, the Lord of glory. Their 
 prayer was : " Let this great country, O Lord, soon 
 be Thine own ; let its inhabitants soon acknowledge 
 Thee to be the Lord." They were kindly received 
 by the Chief Commissioner. More than a fortnight 
 elapsed in searching for a suitable mission-house, 
 which was at last selected by the Chief Engineer. It 
 was the house known as the Zuhur Baksh, and it is 
 still in the occupation of the Church Missionary 
 Society. 
 
 The next duty was to commence the pro- 
 clamation of the Gospel in the bazaars and streets 
 of Lucknow, where it had never before been openly 
 proclaimed. At last the matter of obtaining a house 
 being settled, this important matter was to be ap- 
 proached, and in this Captain Hutchinson was 
 particularly helpful. We give the following incident 
 in Mr. Leupolt's own words : " Captain Hutchinson/' 
 he wrote, " asked me several times when we would 
 commence our preaching, for he wished to hear us. 
 I told him we intended to do so at once, and he 
 accompanied us to the city. He certainly belonged 
 to the Church militant, for he was armed with sword 
 and revolvers, and was ready for action. We went 
 
THE DEFENCE OF LUC KNOW 37 
 
 to a place we had previously fixed upon. To preach 
 the Gospel at Lucknow was a novelty, and the crowd 
 was immense, calm, quiet; the windows, too, in the 
 surrounding houses were rilled. Captain Hutchinson 
 took a place on an elevated spot opposite to us, 
 watching the people and listening to our preaching. 
 He soon disappeared. He had come, I was after- 
 wards told, for our protection. From that time we 
 went twice a day, morning and evening, and I have 
 had nowhere larger crowds to speak to, and more 
 attentive hearers, than in Lucknow. We had glorious 
 preaching/' x 
 
 Such an experience as that of the defence of Luck- 
 now can never fade from the mind s of one who has 
 passed through it. The memory of it was never ob- 
 literated from General Hutchinson's heart. At his 
 
 ■-. t. 
 
 own request, the following words have beenjnscribed 
 on the stone which was placed over his grave : — 
 " One of the defenders of Lucknow. * He covered 
 my head in the day of battle.' " 
 
 1 Leupolt's " Further Recollections of an Indian Missionary," p. 334. 
 
CHARACTER OF THE HAPPY WARRIOR. 
 
 " He who though thus endued as with a sense 
 And faculty for storm and turbulence, 
 Is yet a soul whose master-bias leans 
 To home-felt pleasures and to gentle scenes ; 
 Sweet images ! which, wheresoe'er he be, 
 Are at his heart ; and such fidelity 
 It is his darling passion to approve ; 
 More brave for this, that he hath much to love." 
 
 Wordsworth. 
 
CHAPTER III 
 
 jfurtber Services in Jn&fa 
 
 " Peace hath her victories, 
 No less renowned than war." 
 
 Milton. 
 
 " What constitutes a State ? 
 Not high-raised battlements, or laboured mound, 
 
 Thick wall or moated gate ; 
 Not cities proud, with spires and turrets crowned, 
 
 Nor bays and broad-armed ports, 
 Where, laughing at the storm, rich navies ride ; 
 
 Nor starred and spangled courts, 
 Where low-browed baseness wafts perfume to pride. 
 
 No ! men, high-minded men, 
 
 Men, who their duties know, 
 But know their rights ; and, knowing, dare maintain. 
 These constitute a State." 
 
 Sir William Jones. 
 
 WHEN the appointment of Military Secretary 
 to the Chief Commissioner of Oude, was 
 abolished, Major Hutchinson was transferred to a 
 similar position in the Punjab in February, i860. 
 From 1 86 1 to 1876 he was Inspector-General of Police 
 in the Punjab ; and I think that the following quota- 
 tion from the Proceedings of the Lieutenant-Governor 
 
 39 
 
40 GEORGE HUTCHINSON 
 
 of the Punjab on his retirement in 1876 will be the 
 best memorial of the last stage of his Indian service: — 
 
 " In 1 86 1 General Hutchinson was appointed Inspector- 
 General of Police, which office he held until the present year, 
 when reasons of a private nature compelled him, unwillingly, to 
 decide upon leaving India. To his hands was entrusted the duty 
 of reorganising the police of the province. Previous to 1861 the 
 Provincial Police consisted of two distinct bodies, one with a 
 purely military organisation, under native officers, horse and 
 foot, whose duties were those in furnishing guards and escorts, 
 which could best be rendered by a disciplined force ; the second, 
 under entirely different organisation, being merely a local con- 
 stabulary for each district, under the orders and control of the 
 magistrate. The creation from these materials of a Provincial 
 Police Force was a work of extreme difficulty, and that it has 
 been successful, the Lieutenant-Governor considers, is chiefly 
 due to the patience and tact of General Hutchinson. The force 
 at first was necessarily inefficient, being composed of old soldiers, 
 useful in the field, but without any conception of the duties of 
 policemen. But the discreet manner in which the new system 
 was worked by General Hutchinson, ably seconded by his 
 subordinate officers, greatly diminished the difficulties of its 
 introduction, and brought it into harmony with the civil 
 administration. As to the Police Force itself, the Lieutenant- 
 Governor is fully satisfied with its gradual advance in efficiency, 
 and with the zeal and good spirit of its officers. Everywhere, in 
 London or Paris, as in Lahore, the police are the objects of 
 popular criticism ; but their working, as shown in the statistics 
 of the detection of crime and in the testimony of judicial officers, 
 is steadily increasing. The labours of General Hutchinson in 
 the police department will have a great and beneficial effect 
 upon the future of the Punjab ; and in the expression of his 
 regret for the loss which the province has sustained by his 
 departure, the Lieutenant-Governor is confident that he will be 
 joined by all the officers who have so long served under him." 
 
 The above statement gives some idea of the 
 magnitude of the task which, in this period of his 
 
FURTHER SERVICES IN INDIA 41 
 
 service, was performed by Major Hutchinson. It was 
 no less then the creation of an efficient police force 
 for the province of the Punjab, which had been in the 
 possession of England, when he went there, about 
 thirteen years. He threw all his energies into this 
 new work. When he went to Europe on furlough in 
 1863, he endeavoured to utilise the leisure time thus 
 afforded him in perfecting and widening his know- 
 ledge in matters connected with his duties. He 
 visited the best French reformatory institution at 
 Mettray, near Tours, in order that he might 
 thoroughly examine the system of the reformation 
 of juvenile offenders there adopted. He was much 
 impressed by what he saw, and was very anxious to 
 see some of the principles carried into practice 
 adopted in India. He also stayed some little time in 
 Ireland to see the system then employed in the 
 prisons in that country. He was convinced by what 
 he saw there that many of the measures which he 
 had seen in force might have been applied with benefit 
 to India as the best approach to a reformatory, yet 
 penal, treatment of criminals. 
 
 He returned to the Punjab with his mind full of 
 what he had witnessed in the various institutions he 
 had visited in England, Ireland, and France. He 
 embodied his observations in a little volume called 
 " Reformatory Measures connected with the Treat- 
 ment of Criminals in India." The object of this 
 book, and the indication it affords of the mind, the 
 feelings, and the heart of its author, will be most 
 
42 GEORGE HUTCHINSON 
 
 fully realised by a few extracts from it. This is not 
 the place to discuss the subject of prison discipline 
 in India ; but the following quotations will show the 
 line of thought running at that time through the 
 mind of Major Hutchinson, and prove how much he 
 yearned after the benefit and improvement even of 
 the most depraved. The chief thought pervading 
 the whole volume is the principle of hope being 
 implanted in the heart of each individual offender. 
 
 " The system in India/' he wrote, " aims at being 
 most humane and considerate in its treatment of 
 criminals ; and, in truth, in some ways it is to be 
 feared that the prisoners live too well ; but its treat- 
 ment seems to aim at nothing beyond keeping them 
 clean, healthy, well-fed, well-clothed, well-housed, 
 under kind treatment, and in good condition. All 
 very good points in their way, but something more 
 is needed for the treatment of human beings. 
 Lastly, it aims at obtaining a certain amount of 
 labour, the produce of which sells well, and shows a 
 good annual return. Some years ago I caused careful 
 inquiries to be made, and in only one instance had a 
 discharged prisoner attempted to earn his livelihood 
 by working at the trade taught him in jail. I am 
 aware that some part of the time of prisoners must 
 be occupied in work which they cannot follow when 
 discharged, especially those belonging to the agricul- 
 tural classes; but still, before a prisoner is discharged, 
 opportunity may be found to instruct him in those 
 pursuits which will benefit him on discharge. 
 
FURTHER SERVICES IN INDIA 43 
 
 " It may be said that at any rate our system incul- 
 cates habits of industry, and accustoms a man to work ; 
 certainly if a man for many years has been forced to 
 work a certain number of hours a day, he may have 
 acquired the habit of working, as a horse in a mill 
 acquires the habit of constantly moving round in a 
 circle ; but, as during that period he has had no share 
 in the produce of his labours, no inducement to be in- 
 dustrious, to take an interest in his work, felt no bene- 
 fit from it, the chances are that it will always remain 
 distasteful to him. He knows not whether the value 
 of his labours could support him or not, and, on dis- 
 charge, the only motive which made him work, namely, 
 force, being removed, he not unnaturally does not 
 turn to that which has been his punishment for so 
 many years. The reformatory system in Europe 
 makes labour not simply a punishment, but also a 
 privilege, a reward, a means of benefit to the man 
 himself; this he sees, feels, and proportionately 
 appreciates. 
 
 "I trust I have shown that the treatment of criminals 
 and the prevention of crime are measures which, 
 deeply affecting the temporal and probably the 
 eternal interests of a large portion of the two hundred 
 millions of Her Majesty's subjects in India, are 
 worthy of the attention and support of every English- 
 man who cares for the well-being of this great Empire, 
 England's noblest possession, to which attaches the 
 very gravest responsibility. May the Almighty cause 
 the hearts of many to take deep interest in this 
 
44 GEORGE HUTCHINSON 
 
 important subject ; and may England be the highly 
 honoured instrument in His hands of doing much 
 good to the numbers in this land, who, buried in 
 ignorance, and in the degrading superstitions of 
 paganism and of false religions, have not the light of 
 His truth, nor the advantages of a higher civilisation 
 restraining them from evil practices and inclining 
 them to good." 
 
 Major Hutchinson was promoted to the rank of 
 Lieutenant - Colonel on June 7, 1870; to that of 
 Colonel on June 7, 1875 ; and to that of Major- 
 General, on retirement, on June 14, 1876. 
 
 He was created, for his services during the Mutiny 
 and in the Punjab, a Companion of the Star of India 
 in 1869, and a Companion of the Order of the Bath 
 in 1875. 
 
 Before Major Hutchinson's return to India 
 in 1864, he married Miss Helen Laura Bird, 
 the daughter of Mr. George Bird, of the Madras 
 Civil Service, and the grand-daughter of that sweet 
 and saintly character, Bishop Corrie. The wedding 
 took place on March 17, 1864. During their voyage 
 to India, the steamer, in which his brother James 
 was also a passenger, encountered a very terrible 
 cyclone, during which they were in extreme peril for 
 three or four days. One night the passengers had to 
 help at the pumps, as several feet of water had 
 entered the hold. The captain had to put back to 
 Aden, which he managed to reach in safety, and the 
 passengers proceeded to India in another vessel. 
 
FURTHER SERVICES IN INDIA 45 
 
 This was a very trying experience for the young 
 wife, but she met with a still more trying accident 
 after her arrival at Calcutta. When crossing the 
 Hooghly, she slipped off the ferry, in a manner similar 
 to Bishop Cotton's fatal accident; but her husband 
 was able to seize her by the wrist and rescue her. 
 She was, however, wet through, and had to travel in 
 her wet clothes. She never fully recovered, I believe, 
 from this sad adventure, and she remained an invalid 
 to the end of her life. 
 
 General Graham of the Bombay Army has kindly 
 sent me a letter, written by General Hutchinson,in 1881, 
 to his uncle, Dr. A. Graham, late Superintending 
 Surgeon of the Poona Division,which clearlyshows how 
 great a trial Mrs. Hutchinson's continued illness was to 
 them both. It also shows the submissive spirit in 
 which they desired to accept and endure it. " Thanks 
 for your kind words about Helen," he wrote. " She 
 does continue a very great and constant sufferer. 
 Apparently she does not get better — I am afraid 
 rather the worse. It was not considered that going 
 abroad this winter would benefit her. Probably we 
 will move into London and spend the winter there. 
 In the summer we can go into its neighbourhood. 
 
 " Yes, she does enjoy, thank God, much help from 
 above to enable her to bear patiently what He sees 
 fit to permit, and she is, I am sure, one of His own 
 dear children in Christ Jesus. Possibly the sufferings 
 here, if borne as He would desire, may bring to her 
 a brighter crown hereafter. At any rate all is love, 
 
46 GEORGE HUTCHINSON 
 
 of that we must never doubt. He knows all. He 
 sees every pang, and He also suffered. I think of all 
 these things, and yet, as you well know, the flesh is 
 weak, and one often says to oneself, why is this 
 suffering ? Now for nearly fifteen years has her life 
 been one of suffering. But I must not make such a 
 bad reply to your loving letter as to weary you with 
 our sorrows. It is because your sympathy drew them 
 out. I never otherwise speak of them ; and, indeed 
 I feel as it were ungrateful to our most loving Lord 
 and Master to dare to call these things sorrows — trials 
 they are — not sorrows, for He is so very gracious 
 always that I feel sure, if it were possible, this cup 
 would be taken away, but it is needful." These 
 words may help to soothe and cheer some suffering 
 saint of God. 
 
 Referring to another person, he goes on to say in 
 the same letter : — " If only he learns from you to 
 love the Lord his God with all his heart, he will be a 
 blessing in his profession, and God will make his way 
 prosper. The more I see of human nature, the more 
 I see the insuperable necessity of a deep and of an 
 ever constant conviction of our sinfulness in God's 
 sight. It is that conviction which keeps us steady, 
 sticking to the one rock of salvation. Light con- 
 ceptions of sin or occasional are apparently of little 
 or no avail. If, therefore, the dear young fellow's 
 ' humility and desponding • come from a sense of sin, 
 God be thanked for it. It should, however, not come 
 from a disbelief that God will make good to him 
 
FURTHER SERVICES IN INDIA 47 
 
 individually His precious promises — that kind of 
 humility and desponding may, perhaps, be a dis- 
 honouring of God, and dangerous." 
 
 Even after her husband had retired from India, and 
 they lived in England, it was necessary, from time 
 to time, to change the place of their residence 
 on account of Mrs. Hutchinson's health. On one 
 occasion, while he was employed as Lay Secretary, 
 he was compelled to take a long leave in order that 
 she might be taken to a warmer climate than 
 London, on the south coast of England. She died 
 October 5, 1898, and thus a happy union of more 
 than thirty years was brought to a close. Our dear 
 friend felt this blow with peculiar keenness. The 
 following is an extract from an entry in his diary 
 written on the day she fell asleep. I would have 
 refrained from inserting what was evidently not in- 
 tended for publication, if I had not felt that these 
 touching words would meet the eyes of few except 
 those of loving and sympathising friends. " May my 
 life," he wrote, " be more than ever given to doing His 
 work, proclaiming His glorious Gospel throughout 
 the whole world by His blessed agents — the Bible 
 Society and the Church Missionary Society, and 
 many other ways in my power ; and to Him be the 
 praise for thus using me so unworthy." 
 
CHARACTER OF THE HAPPY WARRIOR. 
 
 'Tis, finally, the man, who, lifted high, 
 Conspicuous object in a nation's eye, 
 Or left unthought of in obscurity, 
 Who, with a toward or untoward lot, 
 Prosperous or adverse, to his wish or not, 
 Plays, in the many games of life, that one 
 Where what he most doth value must be won ; 
 Whom neither shape of danger can dismay, 
 Nor thought of tender happiness betray ; 
 Who, not content that former worth stand fast, 
 Looks forward, persevering to the last, 
 From well to better, daily self-surpassed ; 
 Who, whether praise of him must walk the earth 
 For ever, and to noble deeds give birth, 
 Or he must go to dust without his fame, 
 And leave a dead unprofitable name, 
 Finds comfort in himself and in his cause ; 
 And, while the mortal mist is. gathering, draws 
 His breath in confidence of Heaven's applause : 
 This is the happy warrior : this is he 
 Whom every man in arms should wish to be." 
 
 Wordsworth. 
 

CHAPTER IV 
 
 Closing lears 
 
 " Servant of God, well done ! 
 Rest from thy loved employ ; 
 The battle fought, the victory won, 
 Enter thy Master's joy. 
 
 "The voice at midnight came, 
 He started up to hear ; 
 A mortal arrow pierced his frame, 
 He fell — but felt no fear. 
 
 11 Tranquil amidst alarms, 
 It found him on the field, 
 A veteran slumbering on his arms, 
 Beneath his red-cross shield." 
 
 James Montgomery. 
 
 SOON after General Hutchinson returned to 
 England and began to settle down a little, 
 he entered on congenial work for his Lord and 
 Master. Besides what he did locally, the two Societies 
 which were most to his taste and feelings were 
 the Church Missionary Society and the British 
 and Foreign Bible Society. He was elected a 
 member of the Committee of the former at the 
 annual meeting held on May 6, 1879, and took 
 
 49 d 
 
50 GEORGE HUTCHINSON 
 
 his seat at its next meeting. He was a regular 
 attendant at the meetings of this Committee up 
 to 1881. 
 
 When the appointment of Lay Secretary became 
 vacant in that year, it was offered to General 
 Hutchinson, and he was appointed Lay Secretary 
 at a special meeting of the General Committee held 
 on June 7. There had just before been a great 
 deal of anxiety felt in the Committee as to the state 
 of the funds of the Society. In the previous year 
 a Special Committee had been entrusted with the 
 duty of going very carefully into every part of the 
 business of the Committee so far as the finances of 
 the Society were concerned, and certain measures of 
 economy and retrenchment were proposed. Some 
 were at once carried into effect. It was, in fact, a 
 time of peculiar financial anxiety and strain, and the 
 services of a calm and sober administrator were 
 eminently required. This requisite was found in 
 General Hutchinson. He had been a member of the 
 Joint Committee of Funds and Finance which I have 
 just mentioned, and was one of the few members of 
 Committee by whose advice it had been appointed. 
 
 I have before me some of the letters congratulat- 
 ing him on his appointment as Lay Secretary. The 
 only one which I think it due to the Committee to 
 publish is the following from Sir Robert Montgomery, 
 on account of the distinguished position which the 
 writer of it held, his close connection with General 
 Hutchinson, and the services which he rendered to 
 
CLOSING YEARS 51 
 
 the Society. " It really is," he wrote, " a splendid 
 appointment for the Church Missionary Society to 
 make. Complimentary as it is to you, it shows they 
 have amongst the Committee a body of right-judging 
 men. You have, my dear George, every qualification 
 for it, and fortunate is the Society to have obtained 
 your services. I can testify to your zeal, your 
 uprightness, your business habits, and your devotion 
 and love to missionary work. Your father was a 
 missionary. Your grandfather by the mother's side 
 was a missionary, and all your family, past and 
 present, have loved the Society, and they are well 
 represented in you — the brave soldier of the Queen 
 and the Cross. The spirit you will bring to bear on 
 the work is worth anything, and the Society will 
 soon be more and more convinced of the valuable 
 choice they have made. I congratulate you, and 
 I congratulate the Society." 
 
 I am pleased to be able to insert part of a letter 
 written at this time by General Hutchinson to his 
 uncle, Dr. Graham. It reveals something of his 
 character, and shows the humble spirit in which he 
 accepted this responsible position. " Many thanks," 
 he wrote, " for your very kind and strengthening 
 letter. The position is one which I could not, under 
 my present circumstances with a very sick wife, have 
 thought myself justified in seeking ; and, in truth, it 
 was but slowly that I could convince myself I was 
 doing right in accepting it. When the idea was first 
 put before me, we felt it was not one we could 
 
52 GEORGE HUTCHINSON 
 
 encourage. We must wait and see a clearer * call 
 from the Lord ' before I could accept it. With this 
 view I urged the Committee to make many inquiries 
 on all sides, and consider many candidates, if they 
 could hear of suitable men. This I believe they did, 
 and I honestly hoped they would find one. How- 
 ever, at last the Committee decided that, if I would 
 take it, they would wish me to be appointed ; and 
 so, not without fears lest I should be found wanting, 
 I consented, on the understanding that, as my wife 
 must first be settled somewhere, I should not be 
 expected to take up full work until October i. This 
 the Committee assented to, and unanimously elected 
 me. I cannot say that I felt glad, for I feel much 
 the great responsibility, and also the great sacrifice it 
 will be to dear Helen. It is no slight self-denial to a 
 sick wife, who cannot do much in the way of either 
 reading or writing, and cannot talk much or see 
 many friends to cheer her, to give up her husband all 
 day and every day, except Saturday. 
 
 " On the other hand, we both feel that it is a great 
 honour to be thus elected by a company of devout 
 Christian men, and an exceeding privilege to be thus 
 apparently called, as by the Lord, to work for Him. 
 Were it not that we fully believe it is He who had 
 called me to this work, we could not have undertaken 
 it. Yes, truly, you may well say, ' Be not afraid/ for 
 there is much to make one fearful lest by any in- 
 advertence or carelessness on my part the good cause 
 receive injury. I pondered over and prayed over 
 
CLOSING YEARS 53 
 
 that loving exhortation to Joshua by God ; and the 
 words, ' Have not / commanded thee ? ' seemed to 
 speak to me not only words of encouragement, but 
 of the deepest love and condescension. You very 
 rightly, therefore, interpreted my feelings when you 
 quoted the words of our Lord to Peter, i Be not 
 afraid/ I shall remember your words, \ We will 
 often remember you in our prayers/ I am sure you 
 will give me your full, heartiest sympathy in this 
 work, and so be able to plead earnestly with our 
 Lord and Master that His servant may not be found 
 wanting. What an encouraging thing is Christian 
 sympathy, the true, living expression of ■ Union in 
 Christ/ Yes, truly the Lord, and He only, has 
 guided and preserved me hitherto, and I do trust 
 He will continue to me His constant guidance, 
 for, without that, there is no standing safely for 
 a single instant." 
 
 As Lay Secretary, General Hutchinson's firm and 
 yet courteous demeanour was most valuable. In his 
 intercourse with the missionaries he showed a dis- 
 criminating tenderness and sympathy which was fully 
 appreciated. To his colleagues his wise counsel and 
 advice and brotherly friendliness were much valued ; 
 and, having attended most of the meetings of the 
 Finance Committee during the time he occupied the 
 position of Lay Secretary, I can bear witness to the 
 able manner in which he brought forward the financial 
 business, and the power with which he grasped the 
 
54 GEORGE HUTCHINSON 
 
 financial problems that from time to time arose and 
 demanded solution. 
 
 The Committee owe to General Hutchinson one 
 measure of very great utility and convenience. This 
 is the codification of the Regulations of the Society. 
 The Laws had been prepared by our forefathers who 
 founded the Society, and, with certain emendations, 
 they are published yearly with the Annual Report ; 
 but the Regulations relating to mission work, to 
 allowances, and to modes of procedure in the mission- 
 field, were scattered up and down in the records of 
 the Society and in the resolutions contained in 
 minute-books. General Hutchinson, even before he 
 became Lay Secretary, showed an interest in this 
 matter, and on January 10, 1881, moved for the 
 appointment of a Sub-Committee for the purpose of 
 publishing the Rules, Regulations, and Instructions 
 of the Society in the form of a code. Such a Sub- 
 Committee was not appointed, but the Committee 
 gave him the power to confer with the Secretaries 
 and with one or two of their members on the subject. 
 The Committee and missionaries owe to General 
 Hutchinson the convenience of having in their posses- 
 sion the present handy little booklets containing the 
 various Regulations of the Society, which only require 
 revision and being brought down to date to make 
 them all that can be desired. 
 
 In July, 1883, General Hutchinson desired to be 
 released from the duties of his office from October to 
 the following April, and tendered the resignation of 
 
CLOSING YEARS 55 
 
 his appointment. His colleagues, to show their 
 appreciation of his services, expressed their strong 
 desire to retain the post open for his return, and the 
 Committee passed the following resolution : — " The 
 Committee receive with much regret the intimation 
 contained in the Lay Secretary's letter, and express 
 their sincere sympathy with him under the circum- 
 stances which necessitate his temporary withdrawal, 
 but they cannot accept the resignation which he 
 tenders." Six months' further leave was subsequently 
 granted him, and in October, 1884, he returned to the 
 duties of Lay Secretary, which he continued to per- 
 form for five years more. He finally tendered his 
 resignation on January 14, 1889; and, in regretfully 
 accepting it, the Committee passed the following 
 resolution : — 
 
 "The Committee accept General Hutchinson's resignation 
 with unfeigned regret, and in doing so, must place on record 
 their deep sense of the admirable manner in which he has ful- 
 filled the duties of Lay Secretary of the Church Missionary 
 Society since his appointment to that office in June, 1881. They 
 thank God for the piety, love, zeal, diligence, ability, and know- 
 ledge which he brought to bear upon every part of his work, 
 and for the patience and courtesy which he invariably displayed 
 towards all with whom that work brought him in contact. They 
 also gratefully remember the great services which he rendered 
 to the Society outside the peculiar duties of his office. They 
 unite in prayer to our Heavenly Father that General Hutchinson 
 may be spared many years to enjoy the rest which he has so well 
 earned, and to give to the Society, as a member of the Committee, 
 the benefit of his counsel and assistance, and they hope that 
 much blessing from on high may be with him during the 
 remainder of his life." 
 
56 GEORGE HUTCHINSON 
 
 The Secretaries reminded the Committee of certain 
 matters which specially distinguished General 
 Hutchinson's period of office. After alluding to the 
 laborious and patient diligence which had been 
 employed on preparing the hand-books containing 
 the Society's Regulations which have already been 
 mentioned, they stated that — 
 
 " He had guided the financial policy of the Society through a 
 period of unexampled depression in the country affecting all 
 sources of income, and telling adversely on the Society's income, 
 and had thus far satisfied the Committee that their true policy 
 was to defer as long as possible those retrenchments, the 
 necessity for which had once and again appeared almost inevit- 
 able ; and that the period of his office had seen the enlargement 
 of the Society's premises in Salisbury Square and the erection 
 of a new Children's Home at Limpsfield, in both which the 
 valuable experience and knowledge of the Lay Secretary and his 
 unstinting labour contributed largely to the successful carrying 
 out of these works." 
 
 On April 25, 1889, General Hutchinson was made 
 a Life Governor for having rendered essential services 
 to the Society. At the next annual meeting he 
 was once more elected a member of the Committee, 
 and on April 14, 1896, he was appointed a Vice- 
 President. He since served on almost all the various 
 Sub-Committees, the meetings of which he attended 
 with great regularity, except when prevented by illness 
 or by absence from home. The members of Com- 
 mittee will miss him at every turn, and it will take 
 many years, in fact until a new Committee takes 
 their place, for his kindly presence and ready counsel 
 
The Bible Society's House, Queen Victoria Street, 
 London, E.C. 
 
CLOSING YEARS 57 
 
 to be forgotten. The sphere in which, perhaps, his 
 professional knowledge and skill will be most missed 
 is in the preparation of plans for those buildings that 
 are needed for carrying on the Society's work. Every 
 plan and estimate was submitted to him, and the 
 Committee very much relied on the advice which he 
 gave them on such technical matters. 
 
 As soon as he was free from the pressing and 
 engrossing duties of the Lay Secretary's office, 
 General Hutchinson permitted himself to be nomin- 
 ated as a member of the Committee of the British 
 and Foreign Bible Society. He was elected at the 
 annual meeting in 1890. He was very useful in 
 that delightful work, which he highly valued. He 
 was specially useful at the Editorial and India Sub- 
 Committees, and he attended a meeting of the former 
 on the day before he was taken ill. 
 
 Wednesday, April 28, 1897, was a very sad day in 
 the Bible House. On that day the Rev. George 
 Wilson, the Literary Superintendent of the Society, 
 in the midst of his abundant labours, died with ap- 
 palling and startling suddenness. There were to have 
 been the meetings of two Sub-Committees. In the 
 morning General Hutchinson and other members of 
 the Committee were present at the Finance Sub-Com- 
 mittee. Directly it was over, those who were going 
 to attend the Editorial Sub-Committee half an hour 
 later, among whom was the subject of this memoir, 
 adjourned for luncheon. Both he and Mr. Wilson, 
 who met them on the staircase, went up to a room 
 
5§ GEORGE HUTCHINSON 
 
 in the House, where refreshments had been prepared. 
 Just after they had sat down, and while General 
 Hutchinson was helping him, Mr. Wilson sank down, 
 and never spoke again. In less than twenty minutes 
 he had peacefully fallen asleep in Christ. Only one 
 other member was present on this sad occasion. 
 General Hutchinson, with his soldierly readiness 
 and Christian brotherliness, rendered the greatest 
 assistance and comfort. 
 
 He addressed the New Year's gathering of the 
 Bible Society's Committee and staff in January, 
 1895, an d the admirable address which he gave on 
 this occasion was published in the February number 
 of the Bible Society Reporter. But perhaps the most 
 telling address which he delivered in connection 
 with the world-wide work of the Bible Society was 
 an address given to the District Secretaries in the 
 Library, when they came to London on one of their 
 annual visits. It was afterwards published as a 
 leaflet, and some 135,000 copies of it have been 
 circulated. It is entitled, Do the People Know ? 
 
 To illustrate the affection he felt for this great 
 Society, and the manner in which he advocated its 
 unique claims, a portion of this stirring address, 
 which I heard when it was first delivered, is here 
 given : — 
 
 " It is said of Cardinal Manning that when the Rev. Fathers 
 were on one occasion assembled around him in solemn conclave, 
 he impressed upon them that they had to bend the will of an 
 imperial race, meaning the English race, to the Church of Rome. 
 
CLOSING YEARS 59 
 
 They would thereby, he said, gain for their Church adherents 
 who would give as they are taught — liberally, increasingly, and 
 as a privilege — for the support of its work. 
 
 "Now we have to attempt to bend the will of an imperial race, 
 not to a Church, but to Christ. We have to put before them 
 all that the cause of Christ — as embodied in the work of this 
 Society — demands, that they may contribute to it liberally, 
 increasingly, both as a duty and as a privilege. The reason 
 why the Society has not more support is simply that its wonder- 
 ful work is so imperfectly known to Englishmen. 
 
 "Do the people know that the Bible Society is not only a 
 vast and very efficient Translating, Printing, Publishing, and 
 Distributing Society of the Word of God, but that it is also 
 a great Missionary Society ? In the words of the late Mr. 
 Spurgeon at the Society's Annual Meeting in Exeter Hall in 
 1 890 : ' // is a Missionary Society of the first water. ' Tell them 
 this Society forms a mighty bulwark of Protestantism not only 
 in this country, but all over Europe ; that it creates a demand 
 for the Bible everywhere, and that it supplies the demand which 
 it creates. 
 
 "Do they know how much this Society has done? How it 
 has helped to issue the Scriptures in above 350 languages, and 
 in the last eighteen years has issued twice as many translations 
 as were brought out during the whole of the eighteen centuries 
 previous to 1804? 
 
 " Do they know of the great unifying work done for China in 
 the preparation of one Union Bible for all China under three 
 forms ? The importance of such a work can hardly be realised. 
 But when it is completed, the 400,000,000 of China will have 
 one version common to them all. And this great Society will, 
 it is hoped, yet be able to send forth its Colporteurs in far 
 greater numbers throughout that vast land. 
 
 " Do they know how this Society has founded self-supporting 
 Societies, which I call Gospel Lighthouses, in Sweden, Holland, 
 Norway, and Denmark — Lighthouses which not only give out 
 light to penetrate darkness, but which give out that Divine 
 light which dispels all mists and gloom ? Do they realise the 
 great importance attaching to the work done in Holland, 
 inasmuch as Holland, with only 5,000,000 of people, controls in 
 
60 GEORGE HUTCHINSON 
 
 Malaysia a population of some 32,000,000 in the Islands of 
 Java, Sumatra, Celebes, and many smaller ones ? 
 
 " Do they know of our army of over 725 Colporteurs, who are 
 real missionaries — if to be a missionary is to be zealous for the 
 cause of Christ, self-sacrificing, persevering, amidst constant 
 suffering and ill-treatment? Often these men have to face 
 beating, imprisonment, contempt, ridicule, and all the bitter 
 hostility of the Roman priesthood, and of ignorant, superstitious 
 peoples, and of a sceptical press. Year by year they endure 
 bravely the sufferings of the Arctic climate of Russia to carry 
 the Scriptures to outlying villages, often struggling for miles 
 and miles through heavy snow and bitter winds. Do people 
 know of their difficulties and how they overcome them ; how 
 they are truly wise as serpents and harmless as doves ; how they 
 have at times persuaded even priests of Rome to buy the Bible? 
 Do they know of the blessing wrought by these men in distri- 
 buting the Gospel of Christ all over Europe ? Do they know of 
 our foreign Depots, and the great work done there ? 
 
 "Do they know of our 550 native Christian Bible-women, 
 instituted fourteen years ago, as a separate branch of our great 
 missionary work, and how their persuasive but powerful influence 
 is borne witness to by thirty Missionary Societies in the East ? 
 
 " Do they know how the Bible has been proved over and over 
 again to be its own missionary in all parts of the world where 
 it penetrates, and where a Protestant mission would not be 
 tolerated? How, for instance, in Korea it has created, through 
 the agency of our Colporteurs, numerous groups of readers all 
 studying the Word of God, which hitherto had been to them an 
 unknown book ? 
 
 "Let us then 'not be weary in well-doing,' knowing that in 
 due time we shall reap if we faint not, and that if the work is 
 truly vast, stupendous, unending, and the difficulties seem at 
 times overwhelming, we have the presence of Christ Himself, 
 who says : ' My grace is sufficient for thee. ? Let us go on with 
 ever-increasing energy and confidence, sending forth this living 
 Word, this mighty regenerating force, to all races of mankind." 
 
 The end came rather suddenly. Our dear friend 
 was not only a valued counsellor and member of 
 
CLOSING YEARS 61 
 
 Committee of the Church Missionary Society; he was 
 also an advocate for the Society whose services as a 
 speaker it was a pleasure and an advantage to secure. 
 On Saturday, December 16, 1899, he was kind enough, 
 at short notice, to preside, in the unavoidable absence 
 of the Chairman of the Lay Workers' Union, at a 
 special farewell gathering of the Union at Exeter 
 Hall, which was held for the purpose of taking leave 
 of Mr. Gwyn, who was going out as a lay missionary 
 to Calcutta. On his journey from Ealing, where he 
 resided, to attend this meeting he caught cold, 
 and it was observed at the time that he was far from 
 well. He had carefully prepared the speech he 
 intended to deliver ; but he was not able to speak so 
 long as he desired. I have before me the notes of 
 this speech. It is a very touching document, and I 
 append a part of the early portion of it. It is 
 affecting to remember that the attendance at this 
 meeting was his last public appearance, and that the 
 writing of this paper was the last labour he performed 
 for the Society that he so dearly loved. 
 
 The next day he was laid aside by influenza, 
 which was followed by pneumonia and pleurisy. The 
 disease was overcome by remedies, but he sank from 
 weakness. While lying on his death-bed he was 
 most calm and peaceful, though he felt in himself the 
 sentence of death, and he had no expectation of 
 recovery. His mind was clear to the very last. He 
 fell asleep in Christ at noon, December 30, 1899. 
 
 He had been attending to Committee work till 
 
62 GEORGE HUTCHINSON 
 
 faucet frfi+A tjfy*. . 
 
CLOSING YEARS 63 
 
 
64 GEORGE HUTCHINSON 
 
 very shortly before he was taken ill. On Monday, 
 November 27, he attended the usual meeting of 
 the Visitors at the Church Missionary College at 
 Islington, when he and I sat together at the service 
 in the College Chapel. On December 2 he was at 
 the Home at Limpsfield, very zealous about plans for 
 increasing the accommodation. On the 8th and nth 
 he attended a most important Sub-Committee on the 
 Constitution of Native Churches. On the 13th he 
 occupied the chair at the meeting of Group No. 2, 
 which is in charge of the Missions in India. 
 
 At the General Committee on January 9, touching 
 reference was made to the great loss the Society had 
 sustained. The two following letters were read, 
 and a resolution expressing the sorrow felt by the 
 Committee was passed. 
 
 The first letter was from the Rev. H. E. Perkins, 
 who, both as an Indian civilian and as a clergyman, 
 was one of his oldest friends : — 
 
 " As I believe that, with the probable exception of General 
 Crofton, I am the oldest friend in the Committee of our dear 
 brother, General Hutchinson, I feel that, as I shall probably be 
 unable to be present on Tuesday, I should like the Committee 
 to know that, during a friendship of nearly forty-two years, I 
 have marked, with admiration and desire for imitation, the 
 growth of his consistent Christian character. I first knew him 
 just after his terrible experiences in the Lucknow siege, when, 
 among other events, a bullet one day cut through his cap as he 
 was watching the enemy. Even then, and for years before that, 
 he had borne his testimony to the truth, and through all the long 
 and heavy trials of his life it has been my privilege to note how 
 his meekness and grace have grown, so that of him truly it could 
 
C.M.S. Committee Room, Salisbury Square, London, E.C. 
 
CLOSING YEARS 65 
 
 be said that his path was like the shining light, which shineth 
 more and more unto the perfect day." 
 
 The second letter was from the Rev. Alfred Oates, 
 fitly representing the clerical members of the 
 Committee: — 
 
 " Is it the case that the death of our General G. Hutchinson 
 is to be reported to-morrow in Committee? lam quite distressed 
 to think of it. What a large loss to us all ! He was a prince 
 among us ; and a prince whom it was a pleasure to honour and 
 a privilege to love. How true he was to that chiefest of our 
 C.M.S. traditions — loyal devotion to our Lord Jesus Christ ! 
 
 " He wrote again and again to me the tenderest and most 
 helpful of letters during my illness. I feel to have lost in him 
 a leader and a friend. 
 
 " He fought a good fight. No one can grudge him his rest 
 and reward, while everyone will lament his absence from 
 our midst. ' Help, Lord, for the faithful are minished from 
 among the children of men.' " 
 
 The following is the resolution of sympathy and 
 sorrow passed by the Committee, which was deeply 
 and sincerely felt by all present: — 
 
 " With a peculiar sense of the deep personal loss which they 
 have sustained in the death of their beloved friend, General 
 George Hutchinson, C.B., C.S.I., and a Vice-President of the 
 Society, the Committee record their humble thankfulness to 
 Almighty God that He gave them for so many years a brother 
 endowed with so great gifts and graces to labour with them in 
 the sacred cause of the Gospel of Christ. 
 
 4 'For nearly eight years, from 1881 to 1889, he filled the 
 position of Lay Secretary of this Society, and both before and 
 since then has been a regular attendant at most of its Com- 
 mittees. His long experience and intimate knowledge of India, 
 his clear judgment, his unswerving loyalty to his Lord and the 
 Word of His Truth, his strong character and holy determination 
 of purpose, united with a singular sweetness and tenderness of 
 spirit, will ever be treasured in affectionate memory by those 
 
 E 
 
66 GEORGE HUTCHINSON 
 
 who had the privilege of being associated with him in the fellow- 
 ship of Christ's service. 
 
 u The Committee earnestly pray that among them there may 
 never be wanting a generation of consecrated men who will be 
 willing to use their honours and talents with the same wise and 
 loving zeal, in obedience to the Great Command, as was given 
 to their brother who has entered into his rest." 
 
 In early years, as may be gathered from General 
 Crofton's statement, George Hutchinson's piety was 
 of a retiring nature, and never obtrusive. He seems 
 to have shrunk from publicity, and, though there 
 was no doubt of the genuineness and sincerity of his 
 faith, it did not lead him to be, in the best sense of 
 the word, aggressive, or even to enjoy the privileges 
 of social gatherings for Bible-reading and prayer. 
 A friend states that he once persuaded him to come 
 to a small Bible-reading which the late Sir Hope 
 Grant and others attended ; but he afterwards re- 
 marked that he had not been accustomed to such 
 meetings, and that he found it did not help his inner 
 life. 
 
 This feeling must have passed away. The utter- 
 ances of no one were more acceptable than his, when, 
 either at the meetings of Committee or at the 
 weekly prayer-meeting in the Church Missionary 
 House, he poured out his desires in prayer and praise. 
 His addresses to out-going missionaries were deeply 
 spiritual, besides containing solid practical advice. 
 During the February Simultaneous Meetings, the 
 Centenary celebration, and other special occasions, 
 
CLOSING YEARS 67 
 
 his services as chairman or speaker were always in 
 request. 
 
 General Hutchinson took remarkable pains with all 
 matters of business referred to him by the Committee 
 or the Secretaries of the Church Missionary Society. 
 He wrote down carefully everything he could think of 
 which he thought should be noted on either side of a 
 question, and judicially summed up the evidence with 
 thoughtfulness and consideration. I have seen several 
 of these carefully prepared papers, when I have had 
 occasion to inquire into cases which had been referred 
 to us both ; and, if they had been sent to him first, 
 I found that my own labour had been considerably 
 lightened. 
 
 He retired rather early from service in India on 
 account of his wife's continual ill-health. The trial 
 occasioned by the delicate state of one so dear to 
 him was, more than anything else, the means, under 
 the heavenly teaching of the Holy Spirit, that 
 moulded his will to meek acquiescence in the will of 
 God, which, in later years, was such a beautiful trait 
 in his character. 
 
 The letter which he wrote when expecting a severe 
 engagement at the Alum Bagh is a proof of the 
 kindly feeling he entertained towards his step-mother # 
 During her long widowhood of forty-two years, he 
 was always a considerate and affectionate son to her ? 
 ever ready to help her with his advice in business 
 matters, or in any other way ; and, as one of his 
 sisters remarks, all of them can bear testimony to his 
 
68 GEORGE HUTCHINSON 
 
 loving sympathy and wise counsel on many occa- 
 sions. The most striking feature in his character, 
 she adds, was his wonderful charity of judgment. 
 He never said an unkind thing of any one ; but he 
 always seemed to see the good points of all with 
 whom he came in contact. 
 
 So one by one, the servants of the Lord fall asleep, 
 and are gathered into His immediate presence. 
 Earth seems the poorer, but Heaven is the richer. 
 Ere long He will come, whose right it is to reign, and 
 we shall be gathered unto Him. Meanwhile, we 
 must carry on the work which He has so expressly 
 commanded ; and, next to His smile and favour, the 
 stimulus afforded us by the example and the memory 
 of His saints who have recently been among us is 
 most cheering and inspiriting. " They have fought a 
 good fight, they have finished their course, they have 
 kept the faith. Henceforth there is laid up for them 
 a crown of righteousness, which the Lord, the righteous 
 judge, shall give them at that day." No text comes, I 
 think, with sweeter and more irresistible force to our 
 hearts, when we remember those who have fallen 
 asleep in Christ, than His own pleading words spoken 
 in the same night in which he was betrayed : " Father, 
 I will that they also, whom thou hast given me, be 
 with me where I am ; that they may behold my 
 glory, which thou hast given me." 
 
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 A Brief Memoir of the Life and Work of the Rev. Sydney 
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MR. THYNNES LI S7— continued. 
 
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