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O^NIVERSITY 
 
 PREFACE /l^/TtA/ 
 
 The present collection of "Easy English Pieces for 
 Translation into Latin Prose" has been constructed on 
 the same principle as our first series, namely, that, until 
 boys have acquired some mastery of the simpler rules 
 of Latin construction, it is better not to distract their 
 attention too much by requiring them at the same time 
 to substitute Latin for English idiom. 
 
 The pieces for translation are graduated into three 
 parts. In Part I. they are mostly of the same standard 
 as the passages in Part III. of our first series. Part 11. is 
 in advance of these, and is intended to carry boys to 
 the point at which they may be expected, with some 
 assistance, to attempt the translation into Latin of pieces 
 selected from ordinary English books. Part III. there- 
 fore contains passages of this kind, taken for the most 
 part without alteration from English books, while in the 
 notes a large amount of help has been given for adapt- 
 ing them to Latin idiom. A possible mode of using 
 these would be for the hints and words to be got up 
 beforehand, the piece being afterwards translated into 
 
vi PREFACE, 
 
 Latin as it stands, without further reference to the notes. 
 The words throughout might also be usefully learnt by 
 heart, for the sake of increasing the boys' vocabulary. 
 But details of this kind are, of course, best left with 
 the teacher. 
 
 InTo rules have been given. At the stage which boys 
 using this book may be supposed to have reached, these 
 will, it is thought, be best learnt by practice, and by 
 noticing the constructions and turns of language in the 
 Latin books read. The words supplied have been put 
 at the end of the book, and not at the foot of each 
 exercise, all words or passages for which help is given 
 being printed in Italics. Words in the text enclosed in 
 brackets are not meant to be actually translated. 
 
 A. C. C. 
 
 G. W. E. 
 
 Marlborough. 
 
TABLE OF CONTENTS 
 
 EXERCISES — PAGE 
 
 Part 1 1 
 
 Part II . . 31 
 
 Part III 58 
 
 vocabulary- 
 Part I. 77 
 
 Part II 97 
 
 Part III .117 
 

 ^T TBF 
 
 NIVERSITT I 
 
 PART I. 
 
 I. Alcibiades and the 400. 
 
 When Alcibiades had stayed some time at Sparta, he set out 
 for Asia Minor to persuade the Chians to revolt. Soon (after) 
 he was compelled to take refuge with Tissaphernes, since those 
 whom he had offended at Sparta by his insolence and want of 
 self-control had persuaded the Ephors to send a messenger to the 
 Spartan general to order him to kill Alcibiades. He wished, 
 therefore, to return to Athens. Accordingly, sending a messen- 
 ger to the Athenian generals at Samos, he informed them that he 
 could render Tissaphernes their friend, but that he could neither 
 do this nor return to Athens while the common people ruled. 
 The generals, hearing this, determined to take away the power 
 from the common people of Athens. But when, having killed 
 their leaders by craft, and subdued the rest by fear, they had 
 effected this, they began to fear that Alcibiades, if he were 
 brought back, would wish to become more powerful than them ; 
 and so they determined not to recall him. 
 
 A 
 
EXERCISES. [Part I. 
 
 2. Pharnabazus and the Spartans. 
 
 After the battle fought at Cyzicus, Pharnabazus urged the 
 whole army of the Peloponnesians and their allies not to he 
 down-hearted on account of logs^ so long as their bodies were 
 safe, since there was plenty of the former in the King's territory ; 
 and he gave each man one garment and provisions for two 
 months, and armed the sailors, and set them as guards of his 
 own territory, which was near the sea. Then he called together 
 the generals and captains of ships, and told them to get ships 
 built at Antandrus, as many as each had lost, giving them 
 money, and he told them to fetch wood from Mount Ida. 
 
 3. Alfred the Great's Navy (i). 
 
 Alfred^ King of England, to whom the name of " Great " was 
 afterwards given, saw that England would not be safe from the 
 piracies of the Danes, who, starting from Northumbria, used to 
 ravage the coasts of England, until he had built a fleet which 
 could engage them at sea. For if, when a larger army came 
 upon them (while) plundering, they could weigh anchor and get 
 off safe with their booty, there would (he saw) be no end to the 
 danger. And so, to much various business of his kingdom, that 
 too was added, that he had ships built, which, being made not 
 in the manner of the Frisians nor of the Danes, but on the 
 model which he had himself thought out, were both longer and 
 higher, and could bear a storm better than the Danish ships. 
 
Part I.] EXERCISES. 
 
 4. Alfred the Great's Navy (2). 
 
 Then, when the ships were finished, in the same summer, six 
 Danish ships came to that shore of England which looks 
 towards the south; and when Alfred heard of it, he put one of 
 his generals, whom he trusted most, in command of nine ships, 
 and ordered him to set out against the Danes. And when he 
 was informed that these were in a certain tidal river, he put in 
 as quickly as possible, and cut them off from the sea. Then 
 when three of them sailed out, the English hoarded and took 
 two, but the third escaped. The remaining ships of the Danes 
 had grounded on the shallows, the men having landed for the 
 purpose of plunder; and the English ships, trying to take 
 these, /oimc? themselves in difficulties in the shallow water ; soon, 
 as the tide went down, the Danes attacked them and were 
 driven back, many of them having been killed and wounded. 
 But since the tide came to the latter first, they escaped by 
 rowing, yet still were unable to round Kent, for, worn out with 
 wounds, they could not work the ships, and so two were wrecked, 
 whose crews were led to the King and hanged; the third scarcely 
 at length reached their (friends). 
 
EXERCISES. [Part I. 
 
 S. The Plague, 1665. 
 
 This year was famous both for the naval battles, and for the 
 plague. The latter, brought from the East, and hred hy filth in 
 the alleys of the city, used every year to hill many ; but then 
 increased, as they say, by the unusual heat (of the weather), 
 began to spread through the city, so that in the month of Sep- 
 tember more (than) 1000 persons died every day. And so, as 
 the disease grew worse, the nobles and richer citizens fled into 
 the country ; the houses were shut (up) ; the streets deserted ; 
 red marks set on very many of the doors warned the 2^<^sse7's-hy 
 that they should be avoided. Carts used to go round the city, 
 and the voice of the bell-man was heard crying, " Bring forth 
 your dead.^^ Soon the rites of burial were neglected, and they 
 were flung into pits. The fear of death gave fresh impulse to 
 wanton pleasure, for men, fearing that their life would be some- 
 what short, enjoyed the day while they had it. 1 00,000 persons 
 are said to have died in that year. 
 
 6. Hougoumont. 
 
 The battle was fought in a valley with so gentle a slope that 
 it almost seems (to be) a plain. But that part (of the position) 
 which looks towards the east was defended by tolerably steey 
 hills, and the right wing of the English by the gardens and 
 buildings of a certain chateau. This was surrounded on the side 
 opposite the enemy by a small wood. The English, on the 18th 
 of June, occupied it with a garrison, and defended it with the 
 greatest spirit. At length the enemy, having made several 
 
Part I.] EXERCISES. 
 
 attempts, hurst open the gate, but being received by some men 
 of the Guards^ many were killed, and the rest driven out. At 
 length the chateau itself was set on fire, and in it many wounded 
 were burnt, since their friends could not help them. The rest 
 of the house was destroyed, but they say that an image of great 
 sanctity prevented the chapel from being burnt with it, and it 
 remains even to our own time, placed above the gate, with 
 scorched feet, a sign of help brought by heaven. 
 
 7. How Alexander took Tyre. 
 
 When Alexander had conquered Darius in the battle of Issus, 
 he sent messengers to the Phoenician cities to inform them of 
 his victory, and at the same time to tell them that he was now 
 their King. And they all replied to this, that they would do 
 whatever he wished. Then he sent a message to Tyre to an- 
 nounce that he would himself come into their city to offer 
 sacrifices to Hercules. But the Tyrians replied that this could 
 not be done without ruin to their liberty, and that they would 
 not receive a foreign king within their walls. So Alexander 
 declared war against Tyre. Now the city was situated on an 
 island about half a mile distant from the land ; since, therefore, 
 Alexander had no ships, he began to build a causeway through 
 the sea. Then the Tyrians brought up against it ships filled 
 with logs and pitch, and set on fire, so that the wood which held 
 together the whole was burnt up. Then he asked the other 
 cities of Phoenicia to supply him with a fleet with which to 
 repel the attacks of the Tyrians. And so, having finished the 
 causeway, and made a breach in the wall with his engines, he 
 took the city by assault. 
 
EXERCISES. [Part I. 
 
 8. Fox-hunting. 
 
 Of all nations that we know the English are the most devoted 
 to field sports. Of these there are many kinds ; but the most 
 wonderful (of all) is the way in which they hunt foxes. The 
 hounds are kept either at the expense of particidar people, or on 
 money contributed by the neighbours. On the day named the 
 hounds are brought to a fairly suitable place ; here those 
 assemble who have tolerably swift and clever horses, nay, even 
 women join in the sport. Then the hounds are put into the 
 cover, and very often a fox is got away. When driven out, the 
 hounds run him by scent, the horsemen follow them ; they even 
 jump the banks, walls, and hedges in their way. Soon the fox, 
 no longer trusting his speed, tries to protect himself by hiding in 
 woods, where sometimes he finds an ea7'th and escapes. But 
 more often he is driven out again, and again seeks safety in 
 flight. When he is tired out, the hounds catch him up, seize, and 
 kill him ; his brush, mask, and pads are cut off and given to 
 those hunting as memorials of the hunt ; the rest of his body is 
 given to the hounds to tear and eat, to make them more eager in 
 hunting. 
 
 9. Frederick William and his Recruiting Sergeant. 
 
 A certain King of Prussia was anxious to enrol the biggest 
 possible men in his army. And so, if he saw anywhere abroad 
 a man more than six feet high, he used to give him a large sum 
 of money to enlist ; the Prussians he used to compel (to serve) 
 
Part L] EXERCISES, 
 
 even against tlieir will. He also sent some men more cunning 
 (than most) to the neighbouring nations, to enrol the largest men 
 they could find. And one of them, happening to see a carpenter 
 six and a half feet high, at once went into his shop, and ordered 
 a chest to be made which should be not less than seven feet long, 
 (and) three feet broad. After a few days he came back, and 
 the carpenter showed him the chest. And when he saw it, he 
 said that it was not seven feet long, and persisted in this state- 
 ment. At length, in order to convince him, the carpenter offered 
 to place himself in the chest, because (as he said) he himself 
 was six and a half feet high. And when this was done, the 
 purchaser, calling to his accomplices, put on the lid, and had him 
 carried out of the town to the Prussian frontier. But when the 
 lid was taken off, he ivas found suffocated. 
 
 lO. Safety compensates for Absence. 
 
 Although he never feared that any one would attack him, he 
 knew (well) enough that he would not be safe before he reached 
 Spain. For on the very day that he died he said to his wife, 
 '•'I rejoice that I am going to leave you; for, until you know 
 that I have crossed the sea, you will always need comfort. 
 Therefore I am going on the 31st of October, and, when I have 
 arrived, I will send a messenger to inform you of the fact.'' 
 And to these (words) she answered that his departure would be 
 both a sorrow and a joy to her, because, although she loved him 
 as deeply as possible, she was racked by fear so long as he was 
 in Italy. 
 
EXERCISES. [Part I. 
 
 1 1. Retreat of the Young Pretender ( i). 
 
 Charles having advanced thus far, summoned the chiefs and 
 officers to a council (of war), and asked them what they thought 
 ought to be done. And to this most of the chiefs answered that 
 the order for retreat should be given as soon as possible, on the 
 ground that no reinforcements were supplied by the English^ 
 trusting to which they had advanced with quite a small army 
 into the midst of the enemy's territory. One army of the enemy 
 was on their rear ; a second was being got together in the mid- 
 most district of England ; a third blocked the road by which 
 you went to the city of London. To what did he trust if he 
 marched on straight to the city ? Was it to those who were of 
 the same political opinions ? But how few had joined (them). 
 Or did they think that with so small an army they could con- 
 quer England *? And Charles, overcome by these arguments, gave 
 the signal for retreat. 
 
 12. Retreat of the Young Pretender {2). 
 
 The army in its retreat was followed by the King^s son, with 
 10,000 men, of whom a large part were cavalry. But the 
 Scotch, accustomed to toil from their childhood, were retreating 
 too quicMy for them to he able to seize the roads before (them). 
 And already the latter in a march of about eight days had 
 arrived near their own frontier, when that tribe which was 
 guarding the rear saw many squadrons of cavalry moving on 
 their flank, as if intending to cut them off from the rest of the 
 
Part I] EXERCISES. 
 
 army. And so the chief gave orders that some enclosures and 
 the road itself should be seized. Then the enemy's cavalry leap 
 down from their horses and fight on foot. And when they, as 
 the Scotch made a most brave resistance, gave ground a little 
 (way), the chief urges his men to advance from Hciqiy position and 
 fight with their swords ; he himself fights among the foremost. 
 Soon, however, being shut in by the enemy, his men not know- 
 ing in the uncertain light of the moon in what direction to 
 bring help, his companions are killed, and he is himself taken 
 prisoner. 
 
 13. Truth loses. 
 
 After the destruction of the Athenians at Syracuse, a stranger, 
 landing from Sicily, told a harher, whose shop he entered, of the 
 defeat. As yet, however, the people had not been informed of 
 it. The barber left the reporter's beard untrimmed, and hurried 
 (out) to spread the news in the city, where he told the Archons 
 what he had heard. The whole city was thrown into a ferment. 
 The Archons called (an assembly of) the people, and produced 
 the luckless barber, who in his confusion could not suJBficiently 
 explain who the first reporter was. He was therefore condemned 
 for spreading false news and disturbing the quiet of the city ; 
 for the Athenians could not doubt that they were invincible. 
 The barber was tortured on the wheel till the neios was fidly 
 confirmed. A certain philosopher says about this story, that, 
 had the barber reported a victory, he would not have been 
 punished, though it had proved to be false. 
 
EXERCISES. [Part I. 
 
 14. Falsehood wins. 
 
 The fate of Stratocles is a proof that the philosopher's saying 
 is true. This person persuaded the Athenians to decree a public 
 thanksgiving of five days for a victory at sea, though he well 
 knew that the Athenian fleet had been defeated. When the 
 calamity could no longer be concealed, the people charged him 
 ivith being an impostor; but Stratocles mollified their anger and 
 saved his life by turning the matter into a jest "Have I done 
 you any injury f' said he. "Is it not owing to me that you 
 have spent three days in the pleasures of victory V I indeed 
 think that this spreader of good but fictitious news sho^dd have 
 been bound to the wheel of the luckless barber, who had spread 
 bad but true news : for the barber did not wish to deceive, but 
 Stratocles did ; and the question to be tried was not whether the 
 report was true or false, but whether the men wished to deceive 
 their fellow-citizens. 
 
 15. Tarquinius Prisons and the Augur. 
 
 Tarquin is said to have gained the victory in the war with the 
 Sabines because he doubled the number of the knights; on 
 which account he wished also to double their centuries, and to 
 give them the names of himself and his friends. But Attus 
 Navius, a famous augur at that time, opposed the plan, declaring 
 that no change of that kind could be made without the consent of 
 the gods. Tarquin, who appears to have thought little of the 
 
Part L] EXERCISES. 1 1 
 
 knowledge of the augur, whether to try his skill or to convict him 
 of ignorance, commanded him to inform him whether what he 
 had in his mind at that time could be done. Attus Navius, 
 after taking the auguries, answered that it could. Then Tarquin, 
 giving him a whetstone and a razor, ordered him to cut the 
 former with the latter, which the augur did, to the amazement of 
 all. Then the King, giving up his design, determined henceforth 
 to do nothing without first consulting the gods by augury. 
 
 1 6. Voluntary Undoing. 
 
 A Polish monarch having quitted the companions with whom 
 he was hunting, his courtiers found him a few days after in the 
 market-place, disguised in the dress of a slave who carries 
 burdens for hire. At this they were much surprised, and some 
 even doubted whether the slave were indeed the King. At 
 length they ventured to complain that a Prince of such dignity 
 should descend to so vile an employment. The King heard 
 them, and replied : " UiDon my honour, my friends, the load 
 which I abandoned is far heavier than the one which you see 
 me carry here ; even the heaviest load is, as it were, a single 
 straw in weight when compared with that burden of daily affairs 
 under which I laboured. I have slept better in four nights 
 than (I have) during all the years of my reign. Now I begin to 
 live, and to be king of myself. Elect whomsoever you choose. 
 Since / am very well, it would be madness to return to my 
 palace." 
 
EXERCISES. [Part I. 
 
 17. A Compassionate Dog. 
 
 The following story is told of a small dog which was found 
 lame in one foot by a doctor at Bath. He is said to have 
 carried the unfortunate animal home, bandaged the foot, and 
 after a few days turned him out. The dog returned every day 
 to the doctor's house till the foot was healed. After several 
 months had passed, the same animal came again with another 
 dog, also lame of one foot ; and, as far as he could entreat by 
 look only, he begged the doctor to render to his friend the same 
 aid that had been given to himself. If, then, one considers how 
 keen was the memory of the dog, and how deep his compassion 
 for his friend, it will not be denied by any one that such an in- 
 stance of sagacity can scarcely be surpassed. 
 
 18. A Reform Bill. 
 
 This Bill, though wished for by the people, the Senate refused 
 to pass, and this was a great grief to the consuls. When, there- 
 fore, the Bill having been dropped, the more wealthy citizens 
 and the Fathers themselves had flown away from the city to the 
 country, the consuls began to make speeches in all the districts of 
 Italy. They kept saying that it was not becoming to the Senate 
 to stop such a law, which concerned the people alone ; and by 
 these speeches they so excited the minds of the Liberals, that 
 some even said that it was better to abolish the Senate, and to 
 refer such matters henceforth to the people alone. The Conserva- 
 tives, on the other hand, kept saying that the Senate wished 
 
Part I.] EXERCISES. 13 
 
 nothing more than that the right of voting should be given to as 
 many citizens as possible. Let the consuls only show (said 
 they) how they wished the tribes to be altered ; for how could 
 so great a matter be granted by them, not knowing a part of 
 the Bill? At length, when more than 1000 meetings had been 
 held by both (parties), it was agreed that votes should be given 
 to almost all the citizens, but that the common people should 
 owe a part of the favour to the Conservatives. 
 
 19. Battle of Plataea, 479 B.C. (i). 
 
 When the Persian fleet had been conquered at Salamis, and 
 Xerxes had returned to Asia, Mardonius sent Alexander, King 
 of Macedon, to Athens, to persuade the Athenians to become 
 the allies of the Persians. Let them consider (said he) what 
 they had already endured in the war carried on with Xerxes. 
 Their temples and houses had been burnt, their lands ravaged ; 
 they had nothing of their country left but the island of 
 Salamis and the ships. On the contrary^ if they joined the 
 King, what advantages would they have? Their temples and 
 dwellings restored, they, as free allies of the King, would carry 
 on war with their ancient enemies the Spartans. But the 
 Athenians answered him that the Greeks used one language, as 
 springing from a common stoch ; that they had common tem- 
 ples, (and) common sacrifices ; and therefore it did not become 
 the Athenians to betray them. And they even thhatened him 
 with death if he came again to persuade them (to do) such 
 things. 
 
14 EXERCISES. [Parti. 
 
 20. Battle of Plataea, 479 B.C. (2). 
 
 When Mardonius was informed that the Athenians would not 
 make an alliance with him, he at once set out, and in June^ 
 about ten months after Xerxes had retreated, he again took 
 possession of the city, the Athenians being compelled to move to 
 Salamis. But since by means of their fleet they were masters of 
 the sea, he again sent an embassy, and offered them friendship 
 and alliance. But the ambassador returned without success. 
 Then the Athenians sent (envoys) to Sparta to complain^ for that 
 they had promised to send an army into Boeotia, and had 
 broken their word ; and (to tell them) that if they would not 
 help them, they should be compelled to accept terms of peace 
 from the Persians. This warning they at first neglected, trust- 
 ing in the wall which they were building across the isthmus. 
 
 21. Battle of Plataea, 479 B.C. (3). 
 
 But there was at that time at Sparta one Chileos, born at 
 Tegea, a man of great insight^ for he understood that ships could 
 sail round a wall, and that therefore the Athenian ships, allied 
 with the Persians, could attack the Spartan army in rear, 
 and so take the wall of which they thought so much. And the 
 Ephors, being informed of this (fact), at once ordered 5000 
 citizens, with seven Helots each, to set off by night, and 5000 
 
Parti] EXERCISES. 15 
 
 Lacedaemonians, each with one Helot, to follow them, under the 
 command of Pausanias. Mardonius, on hearing this, having 
 ravaged Attica once more, marched back into Boeotia, which was 
 more suitable for cavalry. Meanwhile the Greek army, as their 
 forces assembled from all sides, was increased to the number of 
 110,000 men. These, entering Boeotia, encamped opposite the 
 Persian army, whose number was about 300,000 ; and so for 
 seven days both remained in their place, some cavalry skirmishes 
 only h^mg fought 
 
 22. Battle of Plataea, 479 B.C. (4). 
 
 On the eighth day the Persian cavalry made an attack, and 
 seized the fountain of Gargaphia, from which alone (as they 
 knew) the Greeks could get their water. And so Pausanias 
 called a council (of war), and decided to retreat in the night to 
 a place called "the Island," about half a mile distant from 
 Plataea. And when most of the Greeks had started, one Amom- 
 pharetus, who was in command of a Spartan regiment, said 
 that he would not leave his post, for that it was not consistent 
 with the honour of Sparta to retreat. When Pausanias threat- 
 ened him with punishment, taking up a huge rock, and casting it 
 at his feet, " With this pebble^'' said he, " I vote against fleeing 
 from the strangers.''^ At length, when day had begun to dawn, 
 being left alone, he decided to follow the army. Meanwhile at 
 daybreak, Mardonius, seeing the Spartans retreating, ordered 
 his men to pursue. •^'TTbrT^^V. 
 
i6 EXERCISES, [Part I. 
 
 23. Battle of Plataea, 479 B.C. (5). 
 
 First the cavalry attacked them, scarcely giving Pausanias 
 time to draw up his army in line. The infantry followed them, 
 and, fixing their shields in the ground as a mantlet, kept wound- 
 ing the Greeks from a distance, while Pausanias was taking the 
 auspices. Having at length got favourable auspices, he gave the 
 signal for battle. Then, the shields being overthrown at the 
 first onset, the Persians, with disordered ranks, resisted for some 
 time with the greatest bravery. At last the Greeks put them to 
 flight, and pursued them up to their camp. This they tried to 
 take, but were often driven back, until at length the Athenians, 
 who were more skilled in that kind of fighting, came up to their 
 help, having routed the Boeotians who were with the Persians. 
 Then they burst into the camp, and killed all whom they found 
 there. Out of that large number they say that scarcely 3000 
 escaped, except those who were with Artabazus. Of the Greeks 
 not more (than) 1400 were killed. 
 
 24. Lmks with Past Ages, 
 
 Scarcely any one will be found to believe this story ^ handed 
 down by a certain writer only forty years ago. At that very 
 time (he said) a man was alive who hoasted that he had known 
 intimately a certain Peter who died at the age of 131. This 
 Peter had, when a young man, conversed with an old man, 
 Henry, who died in the six hundred and fourth year from the 
 
VERSITY 
 Part I.] EXERCISES, 17 
 
 establishment of the State, at the age of 169. ^NTow Henry was 
 twelve years old in the four hundred and forty-seventh year of 
 the State, the date at which the battle of Flodden Field was 
 fought ; and in that battle he carried arrows and quiver for an 
 English knight, whose attendant he was. From this instance 
 we see that past ages are united to our own in the strangest 
 way. 
 
 25. A Husband- seeker. 
 
 This story, talcen from ancient records^ shows by a curious 
 example with what determination husbands are sometimes 
 sought. We learn from it this also, that human hair was worth 
 very large sums at the time when the custom of ladies was to 
 decorate the head with false citrls. It is written that an 
 Oxfordshire maiden was formerly courted by a young man of the 
 same county, who, however, was not willing to marry her 
 unless her friends could give a dowry of £50. As they were 
 incapable of this, the maiden came to London (to see) if per- 
 chance she could earn the money for herseK. There she met 
 with a shopkeeper, who bought her hair, which was delicate 
 and beautiful, for £60, giving £3 for each ounce. With this 
 money she joyfully returned into the country, and bought 
 herself a husband. 
 
EXERCISES. [Part I. 
 
 26. Mithridates and the 10,000 Greeks. 
 
 While the Greeks were preparing food, Mithridates came to 
 meet them with about thirty horsemen, and having called the 
 generals, spoke such things (as follow) : That he had both been 
 faithful to Cyrus, which they themselves also knew, and now 
 wished well to them ; that he also was living there in the great- 
 est fear. If then he saw that they were 'planning for their own 
 safety, he would come to them, and would bring with him all 
 his men. Let them inform him, therefore, what they had in 
 mind, because he was a friend to them, and wished to march 
 forward with them. Having thought over the matter, the generals 
 decided to answer as follows : that they were going to set out 
 home, and if any allowed them to advance, they would in no 
 way harm them, hut that if any attacked them, they would 
 make a way for themselves with the sword. Then he asked 
 them how they hoped to be safe unless they had persuaded 
 the king ? To which they answered nothing. 
 
 27. Napoleon^ the Due d^Enghien, and Palm, 
 
 The consul, having renewed the war with the English^ on the 
 ground that they would not hand over the island of Malta, com- 
 mitted many crimes. For, first of all, when the peace was 
 broken, he ordered all the English to be seized who were travelling 
 in France for the sake of business or pleasure, who onlp regained 
 their liberty eleven years afterwards on Napoleon's defeat. 
 
 Then, having been made Emperor, he began to shew his fury 
 against the ancient line of kings. And so he ordered a certain 
 
Part I.] EXERCISES. 19 
 
 prince, accused of treason because he was in the habit of talcing 
 walks among the mountains, which (they said) could not be done 
 except for the sake of meeting the conspirators, to be seized in 
 Germany, outside his territory, and brought to Paris. There he 
 was condemned to death by certain officers, without a hearing, 
 and executed. He also gave orders that a certain German hoolc- 
 seller, for having published a book in which he complained of 
 the slavery of Germany, should be seized and executed by his 
 soldiers. 
 
 28. Erftirt. 
 
 The town, situated on high ground near the river, is said to 
 have been a fortress of the old Germans. Nay, even the 
 Emperor of the French, about eighty years before our time, 
 considering that, lying (as it did) in the middle of Germany, 
 it was advantageous for keeping arms and supplies, used to 
 treat it as a part of his empire. But, now that the German 
 Empire has been founded, and its boundaries so extended that it 
 embraces almost all the Germans, it is considered useless for 
 driving of the enemy. And so they have begun to dismantle 
 its fortifications. Here they say that Sai7it Boniface was the 
 . first to teach the Christian religion. On the hill itself is a 
 church of wonderful structure. For when, about 600 years ago, 
 they were anxious to build it larger, the scanty length of the 
 hill prevented them from doing so. And so they enlarged the 
 hill itself, by building up a substructure of stone arches. Since 
 which time the very foundations of the Church look down upon 
 the market-place from a height of sixty feet. 
 
EXERCISES. [Part I. 
 
 29. A Placable Earl 
 
 A celebrated Irish earl sometimes fell into trouble owing to 
 his fierce temioer, yet he was extricated by his prompt words. 
 Once when charged before King Henry with setting fire to a 
 cathedral, "I acknoivledcje it," he said, ''but I never would have 
 done it had I not believed that the archbishop was in it." The 
 king laughed and pardoned so ludicrous a cidprit. Again, he was 
 a bitter enemy of a certain bishop, who accused him to Henry of 
 divers misdeeds, and ended the charge with these words, " Thus, 
 my liege, you see that all Ireland cannot rule the earl." Then 
 said the king, " The earl shall rule all Ireland," and instantly 
 made him lord-deputy of the province. The English loved the 
 earl because he was brave and generous, and because his good 
 humour was equal to his valour. Once when he was fiercely 
 enraged, a servant, who Jcnew his temper, whispered in his ear, 
 " My lord, yonder man has made a bet with me that he will 
 give me a fine horse if I dare take a hair from your beard ; 
 I pray you to let me win the horse." The earl smiled and said 
 to the petitioner, " Take the hair, then, but if thou takest more 
 than thou hast asked for, I will smite thy head with my hand." 
 
 30. Animal Sagacity. 
 
 It is not dogs only who can retrace their steps to the familiar 
 home from which they have been taken. For Monboddo de- 
 clares that he was informed of a tame serpent, which a doctor 
 once kept at Madras, in India. This serpent was taken by the 
 French, when they besieged Madras, and was carried to a distant 
 
Parti.] EXERCISES, 21 
 
 town in a litter. But from thence he found his way hack to 
 his former home, though Madras was above a hundred miles 
 distant from that town. 
 
 What need is there to tell of the sagacity of birds ? A tiny 
 sparrow fell from its nest to the ground before the window of a 
 certain house. The ladies, who lived there, saw that it was 
 hurt and unable to fly ; therefore they placed it in a cage and 
 tended it with great care. Soon they saw a sparrow come 
 twittering to the window. Guessing that it w^as the mother they 
 showed it the little captive. Erom that time the parent daily 
 brought some food for the little bird ; nor did she cease to do so 
 till the infant became big enough to looh after itself. 
 
 31. Battle of Crecy, 1346 (i). 
 
 Edward^ with 4000 cavalry, 10,000 archers^ and 16,000 in- 
 fantry, which he had raised from (among) the Welsh and Irish^ 
 crossed the sea and marched straight towards Paris. And there 
 having laid waste all the lands extending to the left of the Seine^ 
 he retreated towards Flanders. The King of France followed 
 him with a large army. Then the former, since a river difficult 
 to cross had hindered him, thinking he must fight, halted his 
 army. He seized a hill with a gentle slope, and fortified it on 
 each side with ditches ; here he drew up his army in three lines. 
 The enemy, following him by foixed marches, reached the place 
 tired, at about three in the afternoon, and with their ranks dis- 
 ordered. The king, on his friends urging him not to let the 
 booty they hoped for slip out of (their) hands, gave the signal 
 for battle. 
 
22 EXERCISES. [Part I. 
 
 32. Battle of Crecy, 1346 (2). 
 The vanguard was formed by archers, whose bowstrings had 
 been tightened by rain; while the English, having had their 
 bows under cover, were of great use to our men. And so they 
 first put to flight the archers of the French, then threw into 
 confusion the cavalry who attacked them. Meanwhile the king's 
 brother, leading round his squadrons, charged the English in 
 flank. Then news was brought to the king by a certain knight 
 that his son was being shut in by the enemy. The king asked 
 him, '* Is my son hurt, o-:^ felled to the ground *?" And when he 
 answered " No," he bade him return as quickly as possible, and 
 not come again to ask for help while his son was alive, that the 
 latter might not lose the glory of such a great victory. Then 
 the first and second line being thrown into flight, the King of 
 France was prevented by the confusion of those flying, from 
 sending reinforcements to his men. And so the English pur- 
 sued and slaughtered them until night. In this battle about 
 30,000 of the French were killed ; of the English only three 
 knights and very few foot-soldiers ; for, having their whole body 
 covered with armour, men used to be killed rather in the flight 
 than in the battle itself. 
 
 33. Battle with the Thracians (i). 
 After issuing the necessary orders, the general hurried down to 
 the nearest spot that chance 'put in his way, to cheer on the 
 troops, and /oww^f ^mseZ/^ mifA the tenth legion. O/i^^ staying 
 to urge the men to guard the memory of their ancient valour, 
 to show a resolute front to the onset of the foe, and not to lose 
 their 'presence of mind, he gave the signal for action, as the 
 enemy were not further off than a javelin^ s throio. Then mov- 
 
Part I.] EXERCISES. 23 
 
 ing off to the other flank, for the same purpose of encouragement, 
 he found the men already engaged. So brief was the time, so 
 strung up to battle pitch was the enemy's courage, that the 
 Eomans found the time too short, not merely to adjust their 
 badges but even to don their helmets and to take the coverings 
 off their shields. Every man tooh his stand at the first place he 
 chanced upon, by the first standards he caught sight of, that he 
 might lose no time in looking for his own (company). 
 
 34. Battle with the Thracians (2). 
 
 The men of the ninth and tenth legions, who had taken post 
 on the left fiank, were breathless with the speed with which 
 they had hurried from the entrenchment So, exhausted with 
 wounds, they were rapidly driven by the Edoni from the high 
 ground into the river ; who then pursuing them, sword in hand, 
 as they tried to cross, cut down numbers of the floundering 
 mass. The enemy themselves did not hesitate to pass the 
 stream and advance against the difficult position. The Romans 
 again faced round and renewed the fight, but were once 
 more routed. Again, in another part (of the field), two other 
 legions, the eleventh and eighth, flung back the Thracians, whom 
 they encountered, from the high ground, and continued the 
 struggle close upon the river bank. But the camp was left 
 almost entirely bare both in front and on the left flank, since the 
 twelfth legion had been posted on the right wing and the seventh 
 also at no great interval from it. So, seizing the opportunity, the 
 enemy, under their Commander-in-Chief Stratonicus, in a dense 
 column moved upon the place. One portion tried to get round 
 the legions on their exposed flank, the other to seize the highest 
 ground in the camp, ^„^_^ ,.„^^^^ 
 
 Jf OF THE ^^ 
 
 (university j 
 
24 EXERCISES. [Part I. 
 
 35. Chinese Gordon (i). 
 
 When the Chinese empire had long been wasted by war, and 
 the rebellion could not be suppressed^ they sent ambassadors to 
 the English to ask them to allow some one of their officers to 
 command the Chinese troops. They mentioned so many cities 
 as having been sacked, so much land ravaged ; and there was no 
 hope of peace, (they said) unless some one more skilled in tactics 
 managed the war. And the English, moved by these prayers, 
 allowed them to make Gordon, an officer somewhat young , but 
 both active in battle and good in counsel, commander of an army. 
 And he, by bravery, honour, and courtesy, soon became so dear 
 to his soldiers, that they dared to %indergo all risks and all toils, 
 (and) meet an enemy however numerous ; he himself (going) first, 
 whether a pass had to be taken, or a city to be stormed, armed 
 only with a small stick, used to give the signal to his men ; and 
 fired by this example, they soon took so many towns, (and) 
 routed the enemy so often in battle, that the name of " Victorious " 
 was given to this army. 
 
 36. Chinese Gordon (2). 
 
 And in this war, while he was besieging a large city, on the 
 capture of the exterior works, several of the rebel chiefs, think- 
 ing that his strategy and the valour of his army could not be 
 resisted, secretly sent ambassadors to him (to treat) about surren- 
 der. And he promised them their lives, if they handed over the 
 city. In the meantime he himself met the Chinese general, and 
 informed him of what he had done, and asked him to spare 
 
OP THy 
 
 IVERSIT 
 Part I.] EXERCISES, X:,g^^^H)N^ 
 
 them when they had surrendered, and this the latter promised 
 to do. But when the matter was disclosed by the conspirators, 
 the commander of the city said that he would not make any 
 surrender while the city could hold out. Therefore, without the 
 knowledge of Gordon, they murdered him, and (then) surrendered 
 the city and themselves to the Chinese. 
 
 37. Chinese Gordon (3). 
 
 And the Chinese general, rejoiced that they were "brought into 
 his power, ordered them all to be killed at once, Gordon, who 
 was not far off, when he heard that, indignant that such a crime 
 should go %mpunished, seizing a revolver, rushed out from his 
 quarters, and sought everywhere for the Chinese general, in 
 order to punish him at once, but the latter by hiding escaped 
 (him). Those, too, who at home were unfriendly to Gordon, 
 thought that they had found a just cause of complaint against 
 him. The best of the Chinese (they said), who had tried to 
 gain their liberty, were being subdued by the strategy and 
 military slcill of an Englishman. He too had allowed their 
 chiefs, whose surrender had been accepted, to be most basely 
 massacred, contrary to the law of nations. But Gordon, indig- 
 nant at the treachery and cruelty of the Chinese, for a time 
 remained inactive with his army ; at length, however, to prevent 
 that nation being any longer troubled by the robberies and 
 massacres of the rebels, he took the remaining towns which the 
 enemy held, and having thus at last pacified China, laid down 
 his command. 
 
26 EXERCISES. [Part I. 
 
 38. Bulgarian Unity, 1885 (i). 
 
 In the war between Turkey and Russia a part of Bulgaria had 
 been freed. But, seven years after, that part of the same 
 nation which was still under Turkish rule revolted and joined 
 those whom we have before mentioned as having been freed by 
 Kussia. When he heard this, the Emperor of Eussia was highly 
 indignant that a matter of such importance should not have been 
 done with his sanction and advice. It was not for this (he 
 thought) that Eussia had undertaken a great war on their 
 behalf, that so small a state as Bidgaria, despising his patronage, 
 might manage (their) affairs as they pleased, entice the nations 
 on their borders, which were of kindred race, to revolt, and disturb 
 the peace of the whole world ; and so he turned the Prince of 
 Bulgaria out of his army, because (as he believed) he had been 
 privy to the plot. 
 
 39. Bulgarian Unity, 1885 (2)- 
 
 Then Servia, too, began to prepare for war, as was thought, at 
 the instigation of Austria, both on account of the reception of their 
 exiles by the Bulgarians, and because it was unfair (they said) 
 ' that the boundaries of one state only should be extended. If, 
 therefore, the Bulgarians wished for peace, let them give up a 
 part of (their) lands, that all might be satisfied together. This 
 was refused, and they declared war upon Bulgaria ; and in it 
 
Parti.] ^ EXERCISES. 27 
 
 they were at first victorious, but soon after, owing to the military 
 skill and firmness of the brave Prince of Bulgaria, and the valour 
 of his men, the Servians were driven back and compelled to beg 
 for a truce. Meanwhile, the English ambassador at Constanti- 
 nople was trying to persuade the Turks to allow all the Bul- 
 garians to he united in one State, which would be a great 
 hamer against Russia, if she wished again to invade Turkey. 
 
 40. A Murdered Benefactor. 
 
 After seeing the dead body no one who had thought about the 
 matter doubted that the unfortunate man had been most foully 
 murdered by assassins of extraordinary cruelty. It was plain 
 that the crime was not committed because some men hated the 
 noble citizen, who, after conferring many benefits on the State, 
 had been called Father of his Country. Not even those who 
 were the first to rejoice at his death could find anything in his 
 life which they could fairly blame. So kind had he been to 
 the citizens that there were few who did not mourn with the 
 deepest grief when they were told that their friend had been 
 killed on the Appian Way with an axe, which was found near 
 the very spot. 
 
28 EXERCISES. , [Parti. 
 
 41. A Cantankerous Client. 
 
 In the second year of the war the consuls resolved to 'prosecute 
 for treason several men who seemed to he dangerous to the State. 
 So a day was appointed, and the accused were charged with 
 conspiracy against the king. They were defended by a very 
 shilful lawyer, C. Pelliculus, who did his best to show that the 
 accused threatened no harm to the king's life ; if they had done 
 any wrong they were not indeed worthy of death. With such 
 art and such eloquence did he speak on their behalf that they 
 were all acquitted by the jury with one voice. The accused all 
 thanked the advocate warmly, except one man, who had blamed 
 him while the case was before the praetor. This man, being 
 of a vain disposition, had given much trouble to Pelliculus, 
 who, as he thought, was too slow in pleading the case. He 
 therefore threw over to the advocate a tablet, on which these 
 words were written, "77/ be hanged if I don't plead my own 
 cause." To this Pelliculus answered, "You'll be hanged if you 
 do." 
 
 42. Speech of a Conservative^ 1885. 
 
 think that I ought first to say a few (words) about i\LQ foreign 
 policy of the late government, about which they are silent them- 
 selves, for they have no means of excusing their sloth, weakness, 
 and folly. For they, though at first they had declared that peace 
 was the chief object to be aimed at, made w^ar upon Egypt, which 
 cost us much blood and much money. Then, having sent a 
 most skilful and energetic general to save the garrisons which 
 
Part^.] EXERCISES. 29 
 
 were being besieged by the Arabs, when he begged for rein- 
 forcements, and especially for 200 cavalry, they deserted him. 
 At length, being compelled by popular clamour to send an army, 
 they came too late to the rescue. But about matters of this 
 kind they are silent, or they ask you to pardon their natural 
 mistake; at the same time they have thought out an 
 excellent bribe ; they promise you a cow and three acres each, 
 which promise they will be unable to perform. But they are 
 so foolish that, having managed everything badly oncej they 
 hope that you will trust them again. 
 
 43. Speech of a Liberal, 1885. 
 
 Citizens, bear in mind who are your real friends. We are 
 the same as we (have) always (been) ; who have made corn and 
 all necessaries cheaper for you by removing import duties ; have 
 broken the power of the more wealthy ; have given the franchise 
 to as many as possible, and quite lately even to the agricultural 
 labourers ; who, in a word, have made you freemen from (being) 
 slaves. Now the most necessary thing is to alter the land laws, 
 in order that as many as possible may hold land. For thus the 
 State used to flourish in ancient times, and abound in men, 
 cattle, and corn. I say nothing of the restoration of the sacred 
 lands to the people, of the education of your children at the cost 
 of the State, But remember that, that the Liberals have always 
 wished well to the common people, the Conservatives have always 
 grudged them everything. 
 
30 EXERCISES. [Part I. 
 
 44. Boycotting (i). 
 
 For a long time past the Irish had been longing for a revolu- 
 tion. They were chiefly enraged because the land, which had 
 formerly belonged to their ancestors, was now held by English 
 landlords, who (as they said) exacted money in the most unjust 
 way, They were stirred up by agitators to demand a removal 
 of the grievance. Therefore, to show with what hatred they 
 regarded the landlords, they resolved to forhid them the use of 
 fire and water. A beginning of the movement was made in the 
 district where lived an Englishman named Boycott. Accord- 
 ingly, they made an agreement together that no one was to give 
 him either fire or water, or sell him anything that was necessary 
 for life. JSTo peasant was to plough the land, no one to yoke 
 the horses to the cart, or to assist him in any way whatever, 
 whether he offered money or tried to use force. 
 
 45. Boycotting (2). 
 
 By these means they hoped to force the government to 
 propose a law that the landlords were to demand less money 
 from the peasants. Nor were they unsuccessful, for a law was 
 passed in the Assembly, and the English had to surrender even 
 a third of the former sum. However, the Irish are not content 
 with this, but have now demanded that they should have a Senate 
 of their own. To gain this object they have formed a national 
 league, and, if any one refuses to join it, they forhid him the 
 use of fire, water, and all other things. Whether they will get 
 their wish is uncertain, but there is no doubt that they will 
 cause much trouble to the government. 
 
PART 11. 
 
 46. The Boatswain' s Story. 
 
 '^ A hundred years a^o," said the sailor, " I had, as a boy, mp 
 jirst experience of the sea. This I have heard from my com- 
 rades, and am sure of it. We sailed from Milford Bay to search 
 for the Pole, and we found it without much trouble. For after 
 a few days we sighted a great whale; therefore, taking a harpoon 
 and tying a long rope to it, we hurled it into his right side, and 
 so, dragged by the whale, we sailed to the north. But when we 
 had got under the north star we saw a great blue iceberg facing 
 us. However, the captain said that, having come thus far, he 
 would not return unsuccessful, therefore, s'purring on the whale 
 with a large nail, we burst through the iceberg, and this, though 
 wonderful, is quite true all the same. When we had done this, 
 we saw the Pole, and immediately anchored the whale. But he, 
 shaking his tail, drove us back to the south ; and, unless he had 
 done this, I should, perhaps, never have been able to tell others 
 what I had seen. And so, if any one wishes to see the Pole, 
 it is only necessary to sail under the guidance of a whale, for 
 nothing can be more true than this story.'' _— — — -^ 
 
 f <y? THE ^ 
 
 ( UNIVERSITY 
 
32 EXERCISES, [Part 11. 
 
 47. Philip III. mtd his Nobles. 
 
 It is recorded of Philip, King of Spain, that he saluted the 
 peasants, though he required from his nobles that they should 
 show the utmost respect towards himself. No one was allowed 
 to address him but on the Jcnees ; for which he gave this artful 
 excuse, that, as he was of low stature , every one ivould have 
 seemed higher than himself, unless he had done this. He 
 rarely showed himself affable to the nobles, that he might better 
 uphold his own dignity, and check their pride. He also adopted 
 this hahit that he did not show them at once in plain words what 
 he wanted, but, after uttering something obscure, reprimanded 
 them, if they did not guess at the rest. In a word, he omitted 
 nothing by which he could humiliate the nobles. 
 
 48. The Conservative Case, 1885 (i) 
 
 After ^^^ years had passed the elections were held, and the 
 people were asked whether they would give the chief power to 
 the Conservative party, or restore it to him who for five years 
 had held the government. Now there was great strife between 
 the parties. The Conservatives accused the Consular, who was 
 now far advanced in years, of conducting the administration very 
 badly both abroad and at home ; (they declared) that he had 
 provolced the kings of foreign nations almost to throw off the 
 English alliance ; that his army had invaded Egypt to pacify the 
 people, and establish a strong government ; that he had promised 
 to order the army to be withdrawn as soon as this was done ; 
 that it was impossible to recall the troops, since neither were 
 the people pacified, nor could any one be found to rule the 
 country with sufficiently strong authority. 
 
Part II.] jcXERCISES, 33 
 
 49. The Conservative Case, 1885 (2). 
 
 That it would have been better to unite Egypt at once to the 
 English empire ; that from two quarters war had been made upon 
 the Arabs to save the besieged garrisons, and to rescue from danger 
 the famous Gordon, the defender of the principal city ; that the 
 armies had retired unsuccessful after heavy slaughter both of the 
 English and the enemy ; that the Irish race had neither been 
 conciliated by the favour given, nor hindered from committing 
 outrages and aiming at revolution ; that some of the leaders of 
 the popular party wanted to confiscate both the sacred property 
 and temples which for many years had belonged to the English 
 Church; finally, that these same leaders had made many 
 impossible offers to the peasants. 
 
 50. The Liberal Case, 1885 (i)- 
 Different opinions divided the popular leaders. Some, on the 
 proposal of the aedile, who had been appointed to looh after trade, 
 formed a plan for giving land to the peasants, who were too 
 poor to buy it for themselves. This aedile again declared that 
 whatever land or buildings or money belonged to the priests, or 
 was in the sacred treasury, might with perfect right be seized for 
 the general advantage of the State ; that it greatly concerned the 
 State that all its citizens should be trained in good learning and 
 principles, and for this (purpose) the confiscated property was to 
 be used. Others thought that these plans, even if good, did 
 not suit the present time; that they would displease many 
 friends of the popular party, and would give the Conservatives 
 a chance of saying that the leaders of the people wished for 
 
34 EXERCISES, [Part II. 
 
 51. The Liberal Case, 1885 (2). 
 The Consular, who had been at the head of the government, 
 tried to 'pacify men's minds ; and wrote a long letter, to explain 
 on what principles he would govern the State ; that he would 
 gradually change things for the better, and would not alarm 
 men by too sudden an overthrow of things. Both he and the 
 other leaders declared that, whatever fault they had committed 
 in foreign affairs was owing to the folly of the Conservatives, 
 who had ruled five years before, who in Egypt had made the 
 French partners in managing the taxes ; whence great difficulty 
 had come when sedition arose ; and that there was no alternative 
 hut to occupy the province with an army ; from whence had arisen 
 all the evils in the Soudan. Again, for the fact that the Russians 
 had threatened us with war, the Conservatives were largely to be 
 hla.med ; for they had provoked the Afghans, who lay between 
 the Indian and Russian provinces, and had almost induced 
 them to become friendly to Russia rather than to us. 
 
 52. Albuera (i). 
 
 The English general, believing that the attack would be made 
 in front, drew up the best part of his troops behind the river 
 Albuera, where it was crossed by a bridge. The command of 
 the right wing he left to the Spanish commander, for he did not 
 think that the French would attack on that side, and so the 
 ground would be safe even if defended by men who could not 
 he trusted. But the English general neglected the fact that, if 
 the French could get across the river and seize the heights 
 which commanded the right wing, they would be able to cut off 
 his retreat. The French commander-in-chief saw this and 
 
Part II.] EXERCISES, 35 
 
 formed the plan of suddenly passing the river with his main 
 force^ while the rest were to be sent against the bridge and the 
 midst of the English army. This latter, however, was to be 
 done only by the smaller portion, to divert the attention of our 
 men from the other attack. Accordingly, on the French left 
 the troops were formed up in dense columns covered by a wood, 
 which our general had omitted to guard. At the given signal, 
 both attachs were made ; the English ivere engaged in front, while 
 the rest of the French moved through the wood upon the 
 Spanish right. 
 
 53. Albuera (2). 
 
 Now, at last, the English general saw whence the main attack 
 was (coming), and he sent orders to the Spanish commander to 
 change front to the right. This the latter refused to do, since 
 (he said) no one could doubt that the French were advancing 
 with most fury on the bridge ; nor did he yield until our 
 general came up and pointed out to him that the enemy's 
 columns were already close at hand. Then at length the order 
 was given to the men ; but such was the confusion that, before 
 the troops could be formed, the French charged, and drove the 
 Spaniards back. At this moment an English colonel led his 
 men up the hill to reinforce the broken Spaniards, but, being 
 too eager, he did not wait until he could open out the line, but 
 moved forward in close order. The view, too, was obscured by 
 the heavy rain ; hence it happened that the French cavalry got 
 round the right flank, and sweeping down either slew or made 
 prisoners most of our men. Amid this great tumult a lancer 
 fell upon the English general, but he, a man of great strength, 
 knocking aside the spear, hurled the man from the saddle. 
 
36 EXERCISES. [Paxt n. 
 
 54. Albuera (3). 
 
 The battle raged furiously, but the English and their allies in 
 spite of every effort were unable to keep back the French. So 
 fierce was the fire that more (than) four hundred men of the fifty- 
 seventh legion out of five hundred and seventy were slain. 
 And now our ammunition failed, and the enemy placed a 
 column upon our right flank, whence volleys were poured upon 
 our weakened troops. At this crisis the general lost courage, and 
 ordered the retreat to he sounded. But a certain colonel, without 
 orders from the general, urged the commanders of two (other) 
 legions to bring up their men with the utmost speed. Accord- 
 ingly they climbed the hill on either flank of (our) broken troops, 
 and moved with unbroken ranks upon the close masses of the 
 enemy. On both sides rose a terrible din ; our men advanced 
 amid showers of weapons ; the enemy tried to hold their ground, 
 but at length were driven with awfid carnage from the hill ; 
 but of six thousand English soldiers scarce eighteen hundred 
 stood unwounded upon iliQ field. 
 
 55. ^ Brave Boy. 
 
 The nature of the districts which the Dutch inhabit is such 
 that large dikes and sea-walls are required to prevent their being 
 in great measure submerged by the sea. These, therefore, have 
 been built with the greatest art, and are most carefully guarded. 
 Now it happened, at the time when the full moon produces the 
 highest tides, that a certain boy, on his return home in the 
 evening, heard a sound as of water running out, and on going 
 nearer, he found a very small hole in the dike, which in those 
 districts is understood to be a very great danger; for, (if) 
 
v^ r^ ^ H y >» 
 
 OF THE ^ 
 
 - .. IVERSITY 
 Part II.] EXERCISES. '^S^r c.*7i^H\'^ 
 
 increased by the flow of the water, it soon threatens all with ruin. 
 Thinking, therefore, that he ought to stop such a great danger 
 as far as he could, he put his finger into (the hole) and stopped 
 the water, a7id hoped that some one would soon pass. He 
 waited long in vain, and no one heard his cries. At length, in 
 the morning, a countryman happened to come there, (and) found 
 the boy nearly dead with hunger, cold, and stiffness, who for so 
 many hours had stopped the dangerous little stream of water. 
 The neighbours were called, the mound repaired for the time, 
 and the boy carried home, by whose courage and firmness alone 
 the destruction of all together had been prevented. 
 
 56. How Cyrus took Babylon. 
 
 Cyrus, having defeated the Babylonians in battle, kept them 
 shut up within their walls ; but, since they had provisions for 
 many years, they laughed at the king and his army. For 
 Babylon was not, lilce those cities which we now have, a city 
 with compact buildings, but was full of gardens and fields, so 
 that it seemed rather a province surrounded by a high wall ; for 
 which reason it could support a siege of any length. But at last 
 Cyrus, using some reservoirs made before, drew off in a canal 
 the waters of the Euphrates, and so, letting in his troops by the 
 dried-up bed of the river, took the city. For the people of 
 Babylon had been so cai^eless that the gates leading to the river 
 were not even closed. And we learn from Herodotus, our 
 auXhority on the subject, that, when the city was already taken, 
 those who lived in the more distant districts were still feasting, 
 not knowing of the great misfortune that had befallen them. 
 
38 EXERCISES, [Part II. 
 
 57. M. Manlius (i). 
 
 At the beginning of this year, most fortunately both for 
 patricians and plebeians, 'peace was vouchsafed with foreign 
 enemies. It was fortunate for the people, because, not being 
 summoned away by a military levy, they conceived the hope of 
 breaking down the system of usury, while they had so powerful 
 a leader ; (and fortunate) for the patricians, because there was no 
 danger of their attention being called away by a foreign alarm 
 from healing the evils at home. Each side then became keener 
 for the contest. And Manlius, summoning the people to his 
 house, day and night debated revolutionary plans with the 
 popular leaders. His anger had been fired by his recent dis- 
 honour ; but his courage was raised by the fact that the 
 dictator had not ventured such a deed against him as Q. 
 Cincinnatus (had dared) against Spurius Maelius ; and that by 
 resigning office the dictator had tried to escape the unpopidarity 
 of throwing him into prison, (an unpopularity) which even the 
 Senate had been unable to face. 
 
 S8. M, Manlius (2). 
 
 At once encouraged and embittered by these facts, Manlius 
 began to incite the feelings of the people, which were already 
 worked up independently; ^^ Tell me, how long will you be 
 ignorant of your strength % Nature has not wished even the 
 beasts to be ignorant of theirs. Reckon up, at any rate, your 
 numbers and the numbers of your opponents. Even if you 
 
Part II.] EXERCISES. 39 
 
 were going to attack them man to man, you would, / tahe it, 
 fight more keenly for your liberty than they for their tyrannical 
 system; for as is the number of clients attending on their 
 several patrons, such will be your numbers against the one /oe. 
 Only make a show of war, (and) you will have peace. Let them 
 see you prepared for force, (and) they themselves will relax the 
 law. You must make some venture all together, or individually 
 you will have to bear every (disgrace). How long will you 
 keep gazing at me ? I indeed will he false to none of you ; do 
 you see that fortune does not play false with me?'' 
 
 59. M. Manlius (3). 
 
 After this hitter speech the Senate decreed that the consuls 
 were to see that the State suffered no harm from the dangerous 
 designs of M. Manlius. A day is unanimously appointed for 
 his trial. On that day, T. Livius declares, the accused brought 
 forward as witnesses nearly 400 men, whose property he had 
 saved from sale, whose persons from slavery ; then, after re- 
 counting his exploits in war, he hared his breast, marked with 
 the scars of battle, and, looking towards the Capitol, he called 
 Jupiter and the other gods to his aid, and prayed them to 
 give to the people of Kome, in his time of danger, that 
 wisdom which they had given to him when he protected the 
 Capitol to save this same people. Then (the story goes on) he 
 implored his hearers, one and all, to gaze upon the Capitol and 
 citadel, and, turning to the immortal gods, to give sentence on 
 himself. 
 
40 EXERCISES. [Part It 
 
 60. M, Manlius (4).' 
 
 When the people were called up hy centuries in the Campus 
 Martins to give sentence on the (question of) treason, the accused, 
 stretching out his hands towards the Capitol, turned his prayers 
 from men to the gods. It then became clear to the tribunes 
 that the real accusation would have no chance, unless they dis- 
 tracted men's eyes and minds from the remembrance of the 
 glorious deed. So on the given day the assembly of the people 
 was appointed for a grove outside the city, from which there 
 was no view of the Capitol. There the accusation was made 
 good, and the sentence given. The tribunes hurled him from 
 the Tarpeian rock, so that in (the case of) one man (that) place 
 became at once the memorial of his brilliant fame and of his 
 execution. Even after death two marks of infamy were placed 
 upon him ; one of a public nature, in that a motion was proposed 
 to the people that no patrician should dwell upon the Capitoline 
 hill, where his house had been ; the other affecting his clan, in 
 that, by a decree of the Manlian clan, provision was made that 
 no one henceforth should bear the name of Manlius. 
 
 61. Speech of a Cavalier. 
 
 Having drawn up a line of battle, the general called together 
 his lieutenant-generals, colonels and captains, and urged them to 
 remember the causes of the war, that they might fight the more 
 bravely. (He said) that the enemy had begun the war, relying 
 on the influence which was in the name of Parliament, and that, 
 if they were to be believed, they were not carrying on war with 
 
Part 11.] V. EXERCISES. 41 
 
 the king, but only freeing him from his body of advisers, most 
 worthless men ; what could be a greater lie than that 1 Others, 
 on the contrary, blamed the king's own acts. But, neglecting 
 those things which he had done before, let them think over (his) 
 late (actions). He had made almost all the concessions to the 
 Parliament that they had aaked for ; he had only said that he 
 would not give them the military command, for if that were 
 tahen away, he thought that his royal power was taken along 
 with it. But he hoped that, having beaten the enemy, the king 
 would be able to show an example of mercy. 
 
 62. A Soldiers Protest (i). 
 
 Sextius Tullius ranked as the first centurion of the legion, and 
 in the whole force of infantry there was not a man more famous 
 for his deeds. Followed by a column of soldiers, he went 
 straight up to the general, and said : — " With your leave, O 
 dictator, I would wish to present a complaint. The whole 
 army, thinking that you have condemned it as guilty of 
 cowardice, has begged me to 'plead its cause before you. For 
 my part, even if you could truly charge us with abandonment 
 of a position, with retreat before the enemy, or with shameful 
 loss of our standards, I should yet think it right to get you 
 to allow us to cancel our crime by valour, and to wipe out by 
 new renown the memory of our wickedness. But this you do 
 not allow. Nay, you let the enemy mock us as though we had 
 neither spirit, nor weapons, nor hands ; and before you have 
 tried us, you have so despaired of our courage as to deem that 
 you command invalids and cripples.^* 
 
42 EXERCISES. [Part IL 
 
 62,^ A Soldier's Protesf{2). 
 
 " For what other cause can we believe there to be, why you, 
 a veteran commander, should fold your hands, as they say, and 
 sit (still) 1 For, whatever the state of the case, it is more true 
 that you seem to have doubted our courage than we yours. 
 But if this is no (private) scheme of your own^ but one of 'public 
 policy, I ask you to regard my words, not as spoken to a com- 
 manding officer by his men, but to the patricians by the people. 
 I ask you to listen to the people's voice. And we, your own 
 soldiers, general, implore you to give us the chance of fighting ; 
 for we both long to conquer, and to conquer under your com- 
 mand, to offer you the glorious wreath of laurel, and following 
 your chariot (with) joyful and triumphant (hearts) to approach 
 the temple of Jupiter, Best and Greatest." 
 
 64. Sir Gityon (i). 
 
 By an ancient poet it is related, under the form of a fable, 
 that a glorious Queen sent forth a Christian warrior to encounter 
 all dangers that might hinder him while on the road to virtue* 
 As soon as he had started (we are told), he met an unhappy 
 woman, whose husband had been slain by the enchantments of 
 a certain witch named Acrasia. After relating her story the 
 woman slew herself, leaving behind an infant. This infant the 
 warrior swore to protect, and to take vengeance on the cruel 
 witch for the parents' ruin. Henceforth his object was to dis- 
 cover where was the garden in which she lived. Now the 
 
Part II.] EXERCISES. 
 
 43 
 
 garden was planted with beautiful flowers and trees, in the 
 boughs of which dwelt birds of varied plumage, uttering songs 
 of sweetest harmony. In the midst of this garden was the 
 house of the witch, whither she would entice unwary men with 
 all kind of blandishments. The knight knew what dangers he 
 would have to meet if he reached her abode, therefore he strove 
 in every way to prepare himself to overcome these delights. 
 
 65. Sir Guy on (2). 
 
 The same fable narrates that he had not set forth long before 
 a barbarian foe named Pyrocles assailed him with many curses, 
 and with mighty force strove to slay him. The knight, being 
 most skilled in fence, was able to 'parry the blows, and at last, 
 by his greater slcill, to overthrow the barbarian. This done, he 
 bound him with strong fetters, but soon let him go when he 
 prayed to be allowed to fall upon another adversary. Mean- 
 while the barbarian's servant had fled to Cymocles, brother of 
 Pyrocles, who was Tcept by the allurements of Acrasia. He 
 found and adjured him not to lie benumbed in dull sloth, but to 
 rouse himself to the aid of his brother. Nor did Cymocles 
 longer delay. Hastening after the servant he went forth to 
 avenge his brother, who, as he had heard, was almost slain by 
 the Christian knight. After several accidents the two met in 
 fight; and fierce was the combat. Maybe the Christian would 
 have been overcome had not a certain Phaedria pacified their 
 wrath by her prayers. 
 
44 EXERCISES, [Part II. 
 
 66, Sir Guyon (3). 
 
 The Christian knight ijassed through many dangers, and at 
 last came upon an old man, squalid with age and filth, whom he 
 surprised while gloating over heaps of silver and gold. Now 
 the old man was at first frightened that the knight would roh 
 him of the treasure, but as soon as he saw that there was no 
 cause of fear, he was anxious to seduce the Christian from his 
 faith and temperance. Therefore he led him into a cave, piled 
 up with coins and most precious gems, of which he offered as 
 much as the knight liked. At the entrance of the cave were 
 'phantoms of human form, as it were, which guarded the path. 
 When the knight had passed hy under the guidance of the old 
 man, one of these phantoms, of most evil mien, followed, ready 
 to 7'end the knight in pieces, if ever, mastered by desire, he 
 should lay hands upon the gold. But the Christian, unmoved, 
 gazed upon the treasures, so that at last the old man, having 
 displayed everything in vain, was obliged to let him go. 
 
 67, Sir Guyon (4). 
 
 With faithful constancy the knight went on through all diffi- 
 cidtias till he reached the garden of the vntch. Here, with 
 winning song and every kind of fruit, the dwellers tried to turn 
 him from his plan ; but nothing could hinder him from punish- 
 ing her who had done such mischief. In the garden itself, in 
 spite of its beauty, he had witness of her cruelty ; for in it were 
 
Part II.] EXERCISES. 45 
 
 a number of animals of different kinds, which once had been 
 men, but now were changed into shameful forms. Such was 
 the reward of those who had been willing to serve so treacherous 
 a witch. Therefore, moving on cautiously to her abode, he 
 seized her unawares, and bound her. Then leading her away, 
 he destroyed all the beauty of the place^ so that not even a tree 
 remained. 
 
 6^. How Darius took Babylon. 
 
 When Darius had besieged Babylon for more than a year and 
 there was no hope of taking the city, a certain Zopyrus, a man 
 of high rank among the Persians, made up his mind to try what 
 craft and stratagem could (do). For, cutting off his own nose and 
 ears, he came to Darius, and informed him what his intention 
 was. He himself would go over to the Babylonians, he would 
 complain of the intolerable cruelty of Darius to him ; and would 
 promise that, if they trusted him, Darius should repent of his 
 wrong. This was done, and he was kindly received by the 
 people of Babylon, and made commander of their troops. Then, 
 making a sally, he defeated the Persians, since Darius had given 
 his generals orders to that effect, in order that the Babylonians 
 might have more confidence in Zopyrus. Then opening the 
 gates by night he let in the Persians. Darius ordered 3000 of 
 the chief citizens to be put to death, and had the walls destroyed 
 as far as he could ; Zopyrus he loaded with honours, and made 
 him governor of Babylon. 
 
 OF THF 
 
 "UNIVERSITY 
 
46 EXERCISES. [Part n. 
 
 69. G rattan and the Act of Union (i). 
 
 In the seven hundred and thirty-fourth y^d^xfrom the establish' 
 ment of the State there was a hot debate in the Irish Parliament 
 whether the province should be so united to the English empire 
 that there should be one Parliament for both nations, and one 
 system of government. In the course of the debate Grattan, a 
 most devoted patriot, entered the House ; for he had been newly 
 elected by some of the provincials as their representative. After 
 being welcomed with indescribable enthusiasm, he at once inveighed 
 against the plan of uniting the nations, and after a powerful 
 speech, e7ided with these words : " The British Minister proposes 
 to you to abolish your own Parliament. He does even more ; 
 he asks you to substitute the British Parliament in your place ; 
 to destroy that body which restored your liberties, and restore 
 the body which destroyed them. Against such a proposition, 
 even if I were expiring in this very place, I should protest 
 w^ith my latest breath, and give my dying testimony." 
 
 70. Grattan a^id the Act of Union (2). 
 
 A few days later Grattan again spoke: "Not the same 
 (question) as of old is now brought before you. It is not a ques- 
 tion of an unjust governor, or of extortion, or plunder ; it is not 
 now demanded that all should enjoy equal rights, of what- 
 ever religion they may be ; or that the fidl franchise should be 
 
Part II.] EXERCISES, 47 
 
 given to all. It is your life that is in question. Now it will 
 be decided whether you will he false to those who, eighteen years 
 agOy won for you liberty, or whether, even in their latest years, 
 your children shall say, * The English nobles, greedy for money, 
 attacked the liberties of the Irish, and here lie the bones of the 
 gallant men who saved their country from disgrace.^ Such an 
 epitaph confers more glory than a king can give his slaves ; even 
 the Crown cannot give such honour to the king himself.^* 
 
 7 1 . Cambyses and Apis. 
 
 It happened that, at the very time when Cambyses' army, 
 sent to plunder the temple of Jupiter Ammon, had perished in 
 the desert, the Egyptians were celebrating a festival. For they 
 believe that at times the god Apis is born in the shape of a calf, 
 which the priests discern by certain marks. Being indignant, 
 therefore, that they should be rejoicing, while he was bewailing 
 the loss of so large an army, he first had all the priests scourged, 
 then ordered that none should rejoice on pain of death, and 
 lastly, with his sword struck Apis himself so that he died not 
 very long after of the wound. And of this crime, the Egyptians 
 believed, that madness was the punishment, which made him kill 
 first his brother, (and) then his sister, and lastly, that through 
 the same divine anger, his sword fell out of its sheath and 
 wounded him in the thigh, of which wound he died. For with 
 the same sword (they said) he also wounded the god's thigh. 
 
48 EXERCISES, [Part II. 
 
 72. Deposition of King Theebaw. 1885. 
 
 When the British army came near the city of Mandalay, 
 Theehaw, despairing of safety, sent ambassadors (to treat) of 
 surrender. And they were answered that the king must give 
 up his city and himself to the general These terms were 
 accepted, and our men entered the city. The palace was 
 defended by a wall, towers, and moat. When sentries were 
 placed at the gates, the request was made that the women-servants 
 might be allowed to go out and return as they wished ; and since 
 these could not easily be distinguished (from others) by night, 
 the soldiers were ordered to allow any woman to pass. This, 
 however, turned out differently from what the king had wished, 
 for many women of the lowest ranh, making use of the oppor- 
 tunity, plundered and carried off vessels of earthenware and 
 silver alike. In the morning the English general was brought 
 in to the king, and a discussion began as to how the king was to 
 be taken to Rangoon, and with what attendants. Soon (after) 
 Theebaw, with his wife, was brought in a cart to the ship, the 
 people, as it appeared, caring nothing for his misfortune, for, 
 as it was almost sacrilege for the king to be seen out of doors, he 
 was (being) recognised by very few. Thus the most haughty 
 and cruel of kings was dethroned, 
 
 73. The Massagetae. 
 Herodotus says that the Massagetae were like the Scythians 
 in habits and way of living, but could fight either on foot or 
 on horseback, using a battle-axe as their favourite weapon. They 
 used also (he tells us) to sacrifice those who were worn-out by 
 old age, and then feast on their bodies ; they considered death 
 
Part IL] EXERCISES, 
 
 by disease a great misfortune. They did not know how to till 
 the ground^ hut lived on flesh, fish, and milk. They worshipped 
 the sun only, and to him they were accustomed to offer horses, 
 from the notion that the swiftest of animals was the most 
 appropriate sacrifice to the swiftest of gods. So we learn also 
 that the Persians used to consider certain kinds of horses as 
 sacred. The same animal was the crest of that nation which, 
 coming from Germany, conquered Britain. For which reason 
 also we see representations of horses cut out of the chalJc in 
 several places in England, which have lasted down to our own 
 time. 
 
 74. Rescue of Fenian Prisoners (i). 
 
 In a northern district of England two men were seized for 
 being ringleaders in an Irish conspiracy against the State. 
 Their friends were much disturbed, and determined to venture 
 on a bold deed, (to see) if by any chance they might rescue them 
 from prison. So they formed the plan of intercepting the van 
 in which the prisoners were conveyed from the tribunal ; this 
 done, they would overpower the guards by armed force, and 
 release the men. Warned that trouble was likely to arise, the 
 magistrates ordered twelve guards to go as escort to the van. 
 One rode inside, the others were conveyed outside or in another 
 carriage. About the ninth hour, when they were going under 
 a bridge, a man darted into the middle of the road, and, raising 
 a weapon, ordered the horses to be reined in. At the same 
 moment about thirty men, of strong frame, sprang forth 
 armed from the wall, and, surrounding the van, seized the 
 horses, and killed one of them. The guards, being unarmed^ 
 could not long resist, and speedily took to flight. 
 
so EXERCISES. [Part II. 
 
 75. Rescue of Fenian Prisoners (2). 
 
 Then the rescuers brought out hammers and crowbars, with 
 which they tried to hew open the van. This, however, being (a 
 work) of greater difficulty, so much time was luasted that the 
 guards returned with a large crowd. Then a struggle began. 
 Some of the conspirators formed a ring round the van, and by 
 discharging weapons tried to keep back the crowd; others 
 assailed the van. They told the guard, who, ignorant of the 
 event, remained within, to give up the keys ; but he, remember- 
 ing his duty, with the greatest courage refused to surrender 
 them. However, not knowing who were the assailants, he bent 
 down to see through a hole what was going on. At that moment 
 the voice of some ringleader was heard to cry out : *' shoot 
 through the hole; burst open the door." At these words a 
 weapon was launched, and the guard fell lifeless. Then the 
 keys were handed out by a female prisoner, and a young man, 
 entering the van, released the prisoners, who at once were taken 
 across the fields with the greatest speed. 
 
 ^6. An Afghan Hero. 
 
 We have fought three campaigns against the Afghans, and, 
 though we have been victorious, the following story shows bow 
 gallant was the enemy with whom we fought. A certain 
 officer says ; "I was standing behind a slight rampart made of 
 earth and brushivood, where there were posted several guns. A 
 wood was opposite, and at its edge, sheltered by the trees, was 
 a large crowd of Afghans. Suddenly a greyheaded old man 
 
Part II.] EXERCISES, 51 
 
 stepped out into the open (ground), and turning round said to his 
 followers, " Alone I will walk up to yonder rampart. As soon 
 as you see me lay this sacred turban on a gun, follow me at 
 once." So without delay he came on, uttering a loud prayer, 
 which the men of that race use when encountering death. With 
 steady look he reached the rampart, then slowly talcing off the 
 turban he laid it on the gun, and, turning round, called to his 
 men : " Come, children of the Holy Prophet, come unto Para- 
 dise.^' At once they rushed forward to storm the position. 
 Till then our men, admiring the old man's bravery, had 
 remained silent ; but now the command was given to fire, and 
 both he and his followers were utterly destroyed. 
 
 yy. A Knowing Dog. 
 
 A certain man, who occasionally rode to London from a dis- 
 tant part of the country, used to take with him a small favourite 
 dog, which he left at an inn, not far from the city, till he 
 should return. Once, on asking for the dog, the landlord told 
 him that he was lost ; he had quarrelled with a bigger dog, and 
 had been so cruelly bitten that he seemed likely never to 
 recover ; but after a few days he had with difficulty crawled out 
 of the house, and no one had seen him for nearly seven days ; 
 then he had returned with another dog bigger than his enemy, 
 on whom they both fell and nearly destroyed him. It will 
 scarcely be believed that the wounded dog had travelled to his 
 own home, many miles distant, and had enticed away the big 
 dog, which followed him to St. Albans to avenge his friend's 
 wrong. 
 
52 EXERCISES. [Part II- 
 
 y^. An Esthonian FtcneraL 
 
 This also is a custom of the Esthonians. When a man is 
 dead, they lay his body in the house, while all his friends and 
 relations devote themselves to feasts and revelry. The cost is 
 defrayed from the property of the dead man, so that the i^icher 
 he was the longer do they feast. Thus the bodies of the richest 
 men, and especially of the kings, are kept for some months in 
 the house. When the greater part of the property has been 
 spent, they divide what is left into five or six portions, which 
 they place close to the road leading to the city where the dead 
 man used to dwell, but in such a way that the larger each 
 is, the further distant is it from the town. Then all of that 
 nation who have horses swifter (than usual), assemble at a place 
 about five miles distant from the town. Being started thence 
 they ride as quickly as possible towards the money ; and so he 
 who comes first takes the largest share, then each in proportion 
 to the swiftness of his horse. Thus it happens that among the 
 Esthonians swift horses are bought at a high price. Then, and 
 not till then, when almost all his property is spent, they carry 
 out the body and hum it, for they have found out a way of 
 embalming it, to prevent its decomposing. 
 
 79. Talavera. 
 
 While the fight raged ivithfury on the hill, one of the French 
 divisions was seen to be marching round our left flank. Where- 
 upon the commander-in-chief ordered the English dragoons, 
 
Part II.] EXERCISES, 53 
 
 with some German auxiliaries, to charge the column. Moving 
 off at a trot, then increasing their speed, these cavalry squadrons 
 bore down upon the enemy ; but soon they reached the edge of 
 a torrent, which, descending from the hill, ran there in a steep 
 chasm, invisible at a distance. On the other side of this the 
 French, forming squares, opened fire. Then the German com- 
 mander, who had been trained for forty years in warfare, 
 reined up at the brink and cried : ** I will not kill my young 
 men." At a higher point, however, where the English cavalry 
 were, the chasm was a little easier to cross; and there they 
 plunged down, men and horses rolling over and entangled with 
 each other in utmost confusion. A few of the survivors got up 
 the opposite bank with disordered ranks. Their leader was 
 wounded, but one of the ojfficers, a man of the greatest courage, 
 rallying all whom he could, dashed through the French 
 columns, and fell with the utmost violence upon the French 
 cavalry in the rear. The fight was fierce for a brief time; 
 for some fresh cavalry, sent previously by the French general, 
 attacked the English, now wearied out by the fierce rush. 
 They could not withstand the charge, and, routed, retired as best 
 they could upo7i the Spanish infantry, with the loss of many 
 men and officers. Yet this charge was not in vain, for it pre- 
 vented the French division from outflanking our left wing. 
 
54 EXERCISES. [Part II. 
 
 80. Cicero and Catiline, 
 
 In a famous speech, in which he attacks Catiline, Cicero says : 
 '* You require me to hring the question of your banishment hefore 
 the Senate, and you say that if this Rouse decree that its will 
 is that you should go into exile, you will obey. I will not do 
 so ; the act is inconsistent with my principles, and yet I will 
 make you understand what these (noble lords) think about you. 
 Get out of the city, Catiline, release the state from fear, go into 
 exile, if that is the word you are waiting for. What is it, 
 Catiline 1 Do you notice the silence of my hearers ? They 
 endure and say not a word. Why do you wait for theii 
 authoritative utterance, when you see their silent wish ? If I had 
 spoken in this way to this high-principled youth, P. Sestius, or 
 to the gallant M. Marcellus, consul though I am, the Senate 
 would, with perfect right, have laid violent hands upon me at 
 this very time." 
 
 81. The Co7ifis cation of the Sacred Lands, 
 
 Then for the first time the project was started by the tribunes 
 of confiscating the sacred land. It was not for this (they said) 
 that it had been given hy the State, that the priests alone might 
 enjoy it, but for the education of the children of the poor, for 
 the relief of the poor themselves ; in a word, for the common 
 advantage of all together. How great besides was the pride of 
 the Pontiffs ! For, as they held the position of senators, they 
 no longer considered themselves priests, but princes. But if 
 their riches were taken away from them, both the priests would 
 be better, and the people richer. The temples ought also to be 
 
Part II.] EXERCISES. 55 
 
 confiscated, since they were useful for entertainments. On the 
 other hand, very many declared that it was not to be borne that 
 lands and sums of money given in ancient times by individuals 
 to the priests should be plundered, and that it was not to the 
 poor, nor for their education that they had been given, for what 
 had been contributed for those purposes had already been con- 
 fiscated 300 years before. The people could indeed, if they 
 wished, take them away ; they could also take away the money 
 of each separate person; each measure would he unjust. Let those 
 who coveted the property of others fear for their own. 
 
 82. The Tiger or the Lady ? (i). 
 
 There was once a barbarous king, who, among other strange 
 customs, prided himself most on this : If a man was accused of 
 crime, he had him brought into the theatre, which was crowded 
 with spectators. The proclamation went out that he was to be 
 torn to pieces by wild beasts in the ordinary manner, after it 
 had been decided in a new way whether he were guilty or innocent 
 On being led into the empty arena he was to walk at once to 
 the opposite end, where there were two doors, one of which con- 
 cealed a lady of surpassing beauty; the other a tiger made 
 furious by hunger and madness. If he opened the latter he was 
 certain to he torn in pieces by the savage beast. Who could 
 then doubt that he deserved the punishment ? But if he opened 
 the former, every one would see that he was innocent, and he 
 was ordered at once to marry the lady. Now there was 
 a young man of low hirt\ but of noble presence, who loved 
 the king's daughter. The monarch, discovering this, re- 
 solved that the youth should be at once brought to the usual 
 trial, 
 
 /^ OF THK ^V 
 
 { UNIVERSITY 1 
 
56 EXERCISES. [Part II. 
 
 ^2>' The Tiger or the Lady f (2). 
 On the appointed day all the city assembled in the circus, 
 where the king sat on his throne, and by his side was placed his 
 daughter. As soon as the young man stepped into the arena, 
 he turned round, as the custom was, to salute the monarch. 
 Then he saw the maiden, and guessed at once that she knew 
 from which door the beast would come. With a looh he asked 
 her to telL Without hesitation she pointed to the door on the 
 right. It can hardly be imagined with what agony she did so ; 
 for if that door hid the tiger, her lover would at once, she knew, 
 be torn to pieces \ but if from it the lady came forth, she would 
 lose him for ever, seeing that he would have to marry the 
 unknown lady. Yet, unmoved, she pointed to the right. At 
 once the youth walked straight to the door amid the greatest 
 excitement of the onlookers. If you ask me what happened, I 
 answer that it is not for me to say. I am not vain enough to 
 think that I know. And so I leave the decision to all of 
 you, which came out of the opened door — the lady or the 
 tiger *? 
 
 84. A Patriotic Speech. 
 
 When a meeting had been called, the minister thus addressed 
 them : ^^ If the point were merely the extension of the suffrage, I 
 could easily understand a difference of opinion. But since 
 things are in such a state, that by the war now being carried on 
 our whole empire has been imperilled, I, for my part, think that 
 we should forget our internal quarrels for the time, and do our 
 
Part IL] EXERCISES, 57 
 
 very best for the country. On one side our empire is threatened 
 with the greatest danger from fanatic tribes of barbarians ; on 
 another, a city close to our borders has been seized by a power 
 not too friendly to us. A secret conspiracy threatens our public 
 buildings with destruction, and the most crowded quarters of the 
 city with death. Do not then, I entreat you, prefer party to 
 patriotism, or leave to your children an empire weaker than 
 you received from your ancestors." 
 
PART III. 
 
 85. Answer of Harold to William's Ambassadors. 
 
 Harold replied to the Norman ambassadors that the oath 
 with which he was reproached had been extorted by the well- 
 grounded fear of violence, and could never, for that reason, be 
 regarded as obligatory : That he had no commission from the 
 late king or the States of England, who alone could dispose of 
 the crown, to make any tender of the succession to the Duke of 
 Normandy ; and if he, a private person, had assumed so much 
 authority, and had even voluntarily sworn to support the Duke's 
 pretensions, the oath was unlawful, and it was his duty to seize 
 'the first opportunity of breaking it : That he had obtained the 
 crown by the unanimous suffrages of the people, and should 
 prove himself totally unworthy of their favour did he not 
 strenuously maintain those national liberties, with whose pro- 
 tection they had intrusted him : And that the Duke, if he 
 made any attempt by force of arms, should experience the 
 power of an united nation, conducted by a prince who, sensible 
 of the obligations imposed on him by his royal dignity, was 
 determined that the same moment should put a period to his 
 life and to his government. — (Hume's History of England,) 
 
 68 
 
OF TWF. 
 
 -. _i IVERSITT 
 Part III.] EXERCISES. \*^^ Caufor:: 59 
 
 ^6. Cortes after the Loss of his Ships (i). 
 His presence of mind did not desert Cortes at this crisis. He 
 called his men together, and employing the tones of persuasion 
 rather than authority, assured them that a survey of the ships 
 showed they were not fit for service. If he had ordered them 
 to be destroyed, they should consider, also, that his was the 
 greatest sacrifice, for they were his property, — all, indeed, he 
 possessed in the world. The troops, on the other hand, would 
 derive one great advantage from it, by the addition of a hundred 
 able-bodied recruits, before required to man the vessels. But, 
 even if the fleet had been saved, it could have been of little 
 service in their present expedition, since they would not need it 
 if they succeeded, while they would be too far in the interior to 
 profit by it if they failed. — (Prescott, Gonqiiest of Mexico.) 
 
 8y, Cortes after the Loss of his Ships (2). 
 He besought them to turn their thoughts in another direction. 
 To he thus calculating chances and means of escape was unworthy 
 of brave souls. They had set their hands to the worh ; to look 
 bach, as they advanced, would he their ruin. They had only to 
 resume their former confidence in themselves and their general, 
 and success was certain. ^' As for me," he concluded, " I have 
 chosen my part. I will remain here while there is one to hear 
 me company. If there be any so craven as to shrinh from 
 sharing the dangers of our glorious enterprise, let them go home, 
 in God's name. There is still one vessel left. Let them take 
 that, and return to Cuba. They can tell there how they deserted 
 their commander and their comrades, and patiently wait till we 
 return loaded with the spoils of the Aztecs.'^ — (Prescott, Conquest 
 of Mexico,) 
 
6o EXERCISES. [Part III. 
 
 ^2>. Cortes and Montezuma (i). 
 
 Montezuma made many inquiries concerning the country of 
 the Spaniards, their sovereign, the nature of his government, 
 and especially their own motives in visiting Anahuac. Cortes 
 explained these motives by the desire to see so distinguished a 
 monarch, and to declare to him the true faith professed by the 
 Christians. iWith rare discretion he contented himseK with 
 dropping this hint for the present, allowing it to ripen in the 
 mind of the Emperor till a future conference. The latter asked 
 whether those white men, who, in the preceding year, had 
 landed on the eastern shores of his empire, were their country- 
 men. — (Prescott, Conquest of Mexico.) 
 
 89. Cortes and Montezuma (2). 
 
 He showed himself well informed of the proceedings of the 
 Spaniards from their arrival in Tabasco to the present time, 
 information of which had been regidarly transmitted to him in the 
 hieroglyphical paintings. He was curious, also, in regard to the 
 ranh of his visitors in their own country ; inquh^ing if they were 
 the kinsmen of the sovereign. Cortes replied, they were kins- 
 men of one another, and subjects of their great monarch, who held 
 them all in peculiar estimation. Before his departure, Monte- 
 zuma made himself acquainted with the names of the principal 
 cavaliers, and the position they occupied in the army. — (Prescott, 
 Conquest of Mexico.) 
 
Part ra.] EXERCISES. 6i 
 
 90. Death of Leonidas, 
 Leonidas loas one of the first that fell, and around his body 
 the battle raged fiercer than ever. The Persians made the 
 greatest efforts to gain possession of it ; but four times they were 
 driven back by the Greeks with great slaughter. At length, 
 thinned in numbers, and exhausted hj fatigue and wounds, this 
 noble band retired within the pass, and seated themselves on a 
 hillock behind the wall. Meanwhile the detachment which had 
 been sent across the mountains began to enter the pass from 
 the South, The Thebans seized the opportunity of begging 
 quarter, proclaiming that they had been forced to fight against 
 their will. Their lives were spared ; and the detachment marched 
 on through the pass. The surviving heroes were now surrounded 
 on every side, overwhelmed with a shower of missiles, and hilled 
 to a man. — (Smith's History of Greece.) 
 
 91. Hamilcar and the Inexpiable War. 
 But Hamilcar, still placing his country before all else, con- 
 sented to serve the government which had betrayed him. He 
 induced or compelled the easy-going citizens to enlist, and 
 having got together a force of seventy elephants and 10,000 
 men, he managed to slip through the armies, which, stationed as 
 they were, one at Utica, and the other at Tunis, had almost cut 
 Carthage off from Africa, and then, by his strict discipline, by 
 his energy, and by his influence with the Numidian chiefs, he 
 defeated the enemy in a 'pitched battle, and overrimning the 
 country, recovered several towns which had revolted, and saved 
 others which were being besieged. — (Bosworth-Smith, Rome and 
 Carthage.) 
 
62 EXERCISES. [Part III. 
 
 92. Romans and Samnites ( i ). 
 
 Without consulting the dictator, P. Cornelius, master of the 
 horse, rode out with his full force of sabres amid loud cries, and 
 forced the enemy to give way. Then, short though the fight 
 was, fortune so used her power as to worh memorable havoc on 
 either side, and to cause the glorious death even of the com- 
 manders. Chafing at his entire repulse from the ground on to 
 which he had so boldly ridden, the Samnite general was the 
 first to renew the action ivith cheers and entreaties to his men. 
 Conspicuous amid the troopers he was urging on the fight, when, 
 with lance in rest, the master of the horse charged him so 
 furiously, that with one thrust he flung him lifeless from his 
 charger. At their leader's fall the troops were not shocked, as 
 is the general rule, so much as infuriated. As Cornelius rode 
 blindly through the hostile squadrons, every hand near showered 
 missiles at him. 
 
 93. Romans and Samnites (2). 
 
 But the especial glory of avenging the Samnite general was 
 given to his brother. He tore the victorious master of the horse 
 from his steed, and, full of rage and grief, slew him. A little 
 more and the Samnites would have gained the corpse as well, 
 because it fell amid the hostile squadrons. But in an instant 
 the Komans sprung to the ground, and the Samnites were com- 
 pelled to do likewise; and the lines thus suddenly formed fought 
 on foot around their leaders' bodies. In this contest the Romans 
 were beyond a doubt superior. The body of Cornelius was 
 
Part III.] EXERCISES. 63 
 
 recovered, and with mingled grief and joy the conquerors bore 
 it back to the camp. Having lost their leader, and tried the 
 Koman strength in the cavalry fight, the Samnites abandoned 
 Beneventum, which they thought it vain to defend, and returned 
 to the blockade of Telesia. Within a few days the Koman s 
 got possession of Beneventum by capitulation, wliile the Sam- 
 nites took Telesia by storm. 
 
 94. Date of Lycurgus, 
 
 Of Lycurgus the lawgiver we have nothing to relate that is 
 certain and uncontroverted. For there are different accounts of 
 his birth, his travels, his death, and especially of the laws and 
 form of government which he established. But least of all are 
 the times agreed upon in which this great man lived. For some 
 say he flourished at the same time as Iphitus, and joined with 
 him in settling the cessation of arms during the Olympic games. 
 Among these is Aristotle, the philosopher, who alleges for proof 
 an Olympic quoit, on which was preserved the inscription of 
 Lycurgus's name. But others who, with Eratosthenes and 
 Apollodorus, compute the time by the succession of the Spartan 
 kings, place him much earlier than the first Olympiad. Timaeus, 
 however, supposes that, as there were two Lycurguses in Sparta 
 at different times, the actions of both are ascribed to one on account 
 of his particular renown ; and that the more ancient of them 
 lived not long after Homer. — (Plutarch's Life of Lycurgus, 
 Langhorne's translation.) 
 
64 EXERCISES. [Part III 
 
 95. A Summons to Surrender. 
 
 On the very day he invested the jp^ace, he sent a letter to 
 Colonel Monro, the governor, telling him he thought himself obliged, 
 in Mimanity, to desire he would surrender the fort, and not pro- 
 vohe the great number of savages in the French army by a vain 
 resistance. *' A detachment of your garrison has lately," says he, 
 " experienced their cruelty ; I have it yet in my power to restrain 
 them, and oblige them to observe a capitulation, as none of them 
 hitherto are killed. Your persisting in the defence of your fort 
 can only retard its fate a few days, and must of necessity expose 
 an unfortunate garrison, who can possibly receive no relief, con- 
 sidering the precautions taken to prevent it. I demand a decisive 
 answer, for which purpose I have sent the sieur Funtbrune, one 
 of my aides-de-camp. You may credit what he will inform you 
 of, from Montcalm.'' — (Smollett's History of England.) 
 
 96. A Cafs Troubles. 
 
 A greater danger befell me on meeting with a parcel of boys 
 returning from school. They surrounded me before I was aware, 
 and obliged me to take refuge in a tree ; but I soon found that 
 a poor defence against such enemies, for they assembled about 
 it, and threw stones on all sides, so that I could not avoid 
 receiving many hard blows, one of which brought me senseless to 
 the ground. The biggest boy now seized me, and proposed to 
 the rest making what he called rare sport with me. This sport 
 was to tie me to a board, and launching me on a pond, to set some 
 dogs at me, who were to duck and hcdf drown me, xohile I was to 
 
Part III.] EXERCISES, 65 
 
 defend myself by biting their noses, and scratching their eyes. 
 Already was I hound and just ready to he set a-sailing, when the 
 schoolmaster, taking a walk that way, and seeing the hustle, 
 came up, and obliged the boys to set me at liberty, severely 
 reprimanding them for their cruel intention. — {Evenings at 
 Home. ) 
 
 97. Of Slaves in Utopia. 
 
 They do not make slaves of prisoners of war, except those that 
 are taken in battle, nor of the sons of their slaves, nor of 
 those of other nations: the slaves among them are only such 
 as are condemned to that state of life for the commissio7i of 
 some crime, or which is more common, such as their merchants 
 find condemned to die in those parts to which they trade, 
 whom they sometimes redeem at low rates ; and in other places 
 have them for nothing. They are kept at perpetual lahour, 
 and are always chained, but with this difference, that their own 
 natives are treated much worse than others ; they are considered 
 as more profligate than the rest, and since they could not be 
 restrained by the advantages of so excellent an education, are 
 judged worthy of harder usage. Another sort of slaves are the 
 poor of the neighhouring countries, who offer of their own accord 
 to come and serve them ; they treat these better, and iise them 
 in all other respects as well as their own countrymen, except their 
 imposing more labour upon them, which is no hard task to those 
 that have been accustomed to it ; and if any of these have a mind 
 to go back to their own country, which indeed falls out but 
 seldom, as they do not force them to stay, so they do not send 
 them away empty-handed. — (More's Utopia.) 
 
 E 
 
66 EXERCISES. [Part III. 
 
 98. A stern Commander. 
 
 L. Aemilius Cursor beyond doubt deserved all glory as a 
 warrior, excelling as he did not only in mental vigour, but bodily 
 strength. He was gifted with remarkable speed of foot, and this 
 won him his surname ; for it is said that in running he beat all 
 his equals in age, and that, whether from his great energy, or 
 constant exercise, he was capable alike of consuming an astonish- 
 ing amount of food and drink. Because his frame refused to 
 succumb to hardships, under no other commander did the soldier, 
 whether of the horse or foot, find service rougher worh At last 
 even the cavalry ventured to petition him to grant them some 
 remission of toil in recognition of their good service. He said to 
 them, " That you may not say that no remission has been made, 
 I let you off, at any rate, patting (your horse's) bach, when you 
 dismount.^ ^ 
 
 99. Government of a Tyrant. 
 
 He reigned thirty years, and then his son Periander succeeded 
 him, whx), at first, was a mild rider, until he sent to Thrasybulus, 
 des'pot of Miletus, to ask him the best way of governing the 
 people. Thrasybulus took the Corinthian herald forth into the 
 fields, and as he passed through the corn, still questioning him 
 about Corinthian affairs, he snapped off and threw away all the 
 ears that overtopped the rest. He walked through the whole 
 
Part III.] EXERCISES. 67 
 
 field doing this, till the damage was considerable. After this he 
 dismissed his visitor without a word of advice. When the mes- 
 senger returned to Periander, he said that he had been sent on 
 afooVs errand to a madman, who gave him no answer, hut only 
 walked through a field spoiling his wheat by plucking off the 
 longest ears. Periander said nothing ; hut he understood the 
 meaning of Thrasyhidus, which was, that he was to govern by 
 cutting off all the foremost citizens. After this he became a 
 much worse tyrant than his father, and finished the work which 
 he had begun. — (Swayne's Herodotus for English Readers.) 
 
 100. Death of Coligny, 
 
 Admiral Coligny, startled from his slumbers, rose from his 
 couch, and, though scarce able to stand, fled to an upper 
 chamber. There he was tracked by his assassins, who stabbed 
 him to death as he stood leaning against the wall. His body 
 was then thrown out of a window into the courtyard. The Duke 
 of Guise, who had been waiting impatiently below, hurried up to 
 the corpse, and, wiping the blood from the admiral's face, said, 
 *^I know him — it is he ;" then spurning the body with his foot, 
 he called out to his followers, " Courage, comrades, we have 
 begun well ; now for the rest ; the king commands it." They 
 then rushed out into the street. — (Smiles' Huguenots.) 
 
68 EXERCISES, [Part in. 
 
 lOi. Defence of the Ionian Colonies, 
 
 The remnant of the Persian army retreated to Sardis, where 
 Xerxes had lingered ever since his flight from Greece. He was 
 not in a position to avenge this affront, or to retain the Ionian 
 cities of the continent in obedience ; still less was it possible for 
 him, after the destruction of his fleet, to preserve his dominion 
 over the islands. The latter were immediately admitted into 
 the Greek confederation ; but respecting the Ionian cities on the 
 continent there was more difficulty. The Greeks were not in a 
 condition to guarantee their independence ; and therefore the 
 Peloponnesian commanders offered to transport their inhabitants 
 into Greece, where they prepared to make room for them, by trans- 
 planting into Asia the Greeks who had espoused the Persian 
 cause. But this proposition was strenuously opposed by the 
 Athenians, who regarded their own dignity and glory as insepar- 
 ably bound up with the maintenance of their Ionian colonies ; 
 and indeed the effect of such a measure must have been to 
 transfer them completely to the Persians. — (Smith's History of 
 Greece.) 
 
 1 02. Circumstances favourable to the Norman 
 Conquest (l). 
 
 This answer was no other than William had expected, and he 
 had previously fixed his resolution of making an attempt upon 
 England. Considting only his courage, his resentment, and his 
 ambition, he overlooked all the difficulties inseparable from an 
 attach on a great kingdom by such inferior force, and he saw only 
 ike circumstances which vjoidd facilitate his enterprise. He con- 
 
Part III.] EXERCISES. 69 
 
 sidered that England, ever since the accession of Canute, had 
 enjoyed profound tranquillity, during a period of near fifty 
 years ; and it would require time for its soldiers, enervated by 
 long peace, to learn discipline, and its generals experience. He 
 knew that it was entirely unprovided with fortified towns, by 
 which it could prolong the war ; hut must venture its whole 
 fortune in one decisive action against a veteran enemy, who, 
 being once w^aster of the field, would he in a condition to overrun 
 the kingdom. — (Hume's History of England.) 
 
 103. Circumstances favourable to the Norman 
 Conquest (2). 
 
 He saw that Harold, though he had given proofs of vigour and 
 bravery, had newly mounted a throne, which he had acquired by 
 faction, from which he had excluded a very ancient royal family, 
 and which was likely to totter under him by its own instability, 
 much more if shaken by any violent external impulse. And he 
 hoped that the very circumstance of his crossing the sea, quitting 
 his own country, and leaving himself no hopes of retreat, as it 
 would astonish the enemy by the boldness of the enterprise, 
 would inspirit his soldiers by despair, and rouse them to sustain 
 the reputation of the Norman arms. — (Hume's History of 
 England.) 
 
70 EXERCISES, [Part III. 
 
 104. Are they to Retreat from Mexico? 
 
 When the general had briefly stated the embarrassment of 
 their position, the council was divided in opinion. All admitted 
 the necessity of some instant action. One party were for retiring 
 secretly from the city, and getting beyond the causeways before 
 their march could be intercepted. Another advised that it 
 should be done openly, with the knowledge of the emperor, of 
 whose good-will they had so many proofs. But both these 
 measures seemed alike impolitic. A retreat under these circum- 
 stances, and so abruptly made, would have the air of a flight. 
 It would be construed into distrust of themselves ; and anything 
 like timidity on their part would be sure not only to bring on 
 them the Mexicans, but the contempt of their allies, who would 
 doubtless Jom in the general cry. — (Prescott, Conquest of Mexico.) 
 
 105. Siege of Saguntum, 
 
 The town of Saguntum, a Greek colony — so the inhabitants 
 boasted — from Zacynthus, and near the site of the modern 
 Murviedro (Muriveteres), though far to the south of the Ebro, 
 the stipulated boundary line between the two powers, had formed 
 an alliance with Eome ; and Hasdrubal, nay, Hannibal himself, 
 had up to this time forborne to attack it. Hannibal knew that 
 he could choose his own time for picking a quarrel, and now the 
 ground seemed clear before him. To the Roman ambassadors 
 
Part III.] EXERCISES. 71 
 
 who came to warn him not to attack a7i ally of theirs^ he gave 
 an evasive answer, and referred them to the Carthaginian Senate, 
 while he prosecuted the preparations for the siege with redoubled 
 vigour. For eight months the Saguntines held out, and when 
 they could hold out no longer, the chiefs hindled a fire in the 
 market-place, and threw into it first their valuables, and then 
 themselves. Hannibal, who had been wounded in the course of 
 the siege, divided a part of the booty among his troops ; a part 
 he despatched to Carthage in hopes of committing those who 
 received it beyond hope of recall to his great enterprise, — 
 (Bosworth-Smith's Rome and Carthage,) 
 
 106. Plot against Elizabeth. 
 
 While these measures against the life of Elizabeth were being 
 devised abroad, Mary, Queen of Scots, was diligently occupied at 
 Chatsworth in encouraging a like plot at home with the same 
 object Lord Burleigh, however, succeeded in gaining a clue to 
 the conspiracy, on which the pi^incipal agents in England were 
 apprehended, and the Queen was put upon her guard. The 
 Spanish ambassador, Gerau, being found in secret correspondence 
 with Mary, was warned to depart the realm ; his last character- 
 istic act being to hire two bravoes to assassinate Burleigh, and he 
 lingered upon the road to Dover, hoping to hear that the deed 
 had been done. But the assassins were detected in time, and 
 instead of taking Burleigh^ s life, they only lost their own, — 
 (Smiles' Huguenots.) 
 
72 EXERCISES. [Part III. 
 
 107. Retainers, and a Standing Army. 
 
 To this he answered^ " This sort of men ought to he particularly 
 cherislied, for in them consists the force of the armies for which 
 we have occasion ; since their hirth inspires them with a nobler 
 sense of honour than is to he found among tradesmen or plough- 
 men." " You may as well say," replied I, " that you must cherish 
 thieves on the account of wars, for you will never tvant the one 
 while you have the other; and as robbers prove sometimes 
 gallant soldiers, so soldiers often prove brave robbers ; so near 
 an alliance there is between those two sorts of life. But this bad 
 custom, so common among you, of keeping many servants, is not 
 peculiar to this nation. In France there is yet a more pestiferous 
 sort of people, for the whole country is full of soldiers, still kept 
 up in time of peace ; if such a state of a nation can be called a 
 peace ; and these are kept in pay upon the same account that you 
 plead for those idle retainers about noblemen ; this being a maxim 
 of those pretended statesmen, that it is necessary for the public 
 safety to have a good body of veteran soldiers ever in readiness. 
 — (More's Utopia.) 
 
 108. On the Retreat from Oporto. 
 
 Night was setting in, the soldiers were harassed, barefooted, 
 and starving ; . the ammunition was injured by rain, which had 
 never ceased since the 13th, and was now accompanied by storms 
 of wind ; with the morning the British would be on the rear, and 
 if the Ponie Nova could not be secured, the hour of surrender 
 
Part III.] EXERCISES. 
 
 ^^^^^ 
 
 was come. In this extremity, Major Dulong^ justly reputed as 
 one of the most daring men in the French ranks, was thus 
 addressed by Soult : " I have chosen you from the whole army 
 to seize the Ponte Nova, which has been cut by the enemy. 
 Take a hundred grenadiers and twenty-five horsemen, surprise 
 the guards, and secure the passage. If you succeed, say so, hut 
 send no other report; your silence will suffice J^ — (Napier's 
 Peninsular War.) 
 
 log. Character of Henry VII. 
 
 The reign of Henry vii. was fortunate for his people at home, 
 and honourable abroad. He put an end to the civil wars with 
 which the nation had long been harassed, he maintained peace 
 and order in the state, he depressed the former exorbitant power 
 of the nobility, and together with the friendship of some foreign 
 princes, he acquired the consideration and regard of all. He 
 loved peace without fearing war ; though agitated with continual 
 suspicions of his servants and ministers, he discovered no 
 timidity, either in the conduct of his affairs, or in the day of 
 battle; and though often severe in his punishments, he was 
 commonly less actuated by revenge than by maxims of policy. 
 — (Hume's History of England.) 
 
VOCABULARY 
 
PART I. 
 
 revolt . . . . 
 
 take refuge . . 
 insolence . . . 
 want of self-con- 
 trol 
 
 deficio. 
 confugio. 
 arrogantia. 
 animi impoten- 
 tia. 
 
 Eplior 
 rule . 
 craft 
 
 Ephorus. 
 dominor. 
 dolus. 
 
 fight .... facio. 
 
 at ad. 
 
 to he down-hearted animum demitto. 
 
 log lignum. 
 
 set dispone. 
 
 cajptain . . , praefectus. 
 
 get {built) . . . 
 
 euro, with 
 dive. 
 
 gerun- 
 
 as many as . . 
 
 quot. 
 
 
 and {he told them) 
 
 autem. 
 
 
 wood .... 
 
 materia. 
 
 
 Alfred. . . . 
 
 England . . . 
 
 to whom the name 
 of ^' Great' ^ was 
 . . . given 
 
 piracy .... 
 
 until (with a nega- 
 tive preceding) 
 
 engage . . . 
 
 weigh anchor 
 
 get of . . . . 
 
 Aluredus. 
 
 Angli, Anglia. 
 
 " Great" is at- 
 tracted to agree 
 with cui. 
 
 latrocinium. 
 
 use prius . . . 
 quam. 
 
 congredior. 
 
 ancoram solvo. 
 
 evado. 
 
 to much various 
 
 is added . . 
 had {ships huilt) 
 
 in the manner . 
 on the model 
 think out . . . 
 storm .... 
 
 say, to so many 
 and such vari- 
 ous businesses 
 (negotium), 
 
 accedit. 
 
 euro, with gerun- 
 dive. 
 
 ad modum. 
 
 ad exemplar. 
 
 excogito. 
 
 tempestas. 
 77 
 
78 
 
 VOCABULARY. 
 
 [4- 
 
 shore . . . 
 
 4 
 
 . ora. 
 
 found themselves 
 
 use afflictor. 
 
 England . . 
 
 . Anglia. 
 
 in difficulties 
 
 
 look . . . 
 
 . specto. 
 
 the tide goes down 
 
 aestus minuit. 
 
 south . . . 
 
 . meridies. 
 
 row 
 
 remigo. 
 
 Alfred . . 
 
 . Aluredus. 
 
 yet still were un- 
 
 say, yet so far 
 
 put... in command praeficio. 
 
 able 
 
 only, that (ita 
 
 tidal river 
 
 . aestuarium. 
 
 
 . . . ut) they 
 
 put in . . . 
 
 . say, put in (ap- 
 
 
 could not. 
 
 
 pello) his ships. 
 
 round .... 
 
 circumvehor. 
 
 cut off . . . 
 
 . intercludo. 
 
 Kent .... 
 
 Cantium. 
 
 sail out . . 
 
 . provehor. 
 
 worn out . . . 
 
 confectus. 
 
 board andtaJce ( = expugno. 
 
 ivork (the shqif<) . 
 
 administro. 
 
 taJce by boarding) 
 
 be wrecJced . . 
 
 naufragium 
 
 escape . . . 
 
 . elabor, evado. 
 
 
 facio. 
 
 ground . . 
 
 . consisto. 
 
 hang (transitive) 
 
 suspendo. 
 
 shallow . . 
 
 . vadum. 
 
 at length . . . 
 
 tandem. 
 
 to land . . 
 
 . egredior. 
 
 
 , 
 
 famous . . . 
 
 . insignis. 
 
 5 
 
 go round . . . 
 
 circueo. 
 
 both . . . and 
 
 . quum . . . turn. 
 
 bell-man . . . 
 
 praeco. 
 
 plague . . 
 
 . pestis. 
 
 crying, *' Bring 
 
 use nuntio with 
 
 breed . . 
 
 . 2ise nutrio. 
 
 forth your 
 
 Or. Obi. 
 
 flth . . . 
 
 . squalor. 
 
 dead'' 
 
 
 alley . . 
 
 . angiportus. 
 
 rites of burial 
 
 funera, exse- 
 
 kill . . . 
 
 . absumo. 
 
 
 quiae. 
 
 unusual 
 
 . insolitus. 
 
 fling 
 
 projicio. 
 
 heat . . . 
 
 . aestus. 
 
 pits 
 
 say, ditches. 
 
 spread . . 
 
 . evagor. 
 
 give fresh impulse 
 
 irritamenta 
 
 grow worse 
 
 . ingravesco. 
 
 
 addo. 
 
 mark . . 
 
 . nota. 
 
 wanton pleasure 
 
 libido. 
 
 set . . . 
 
 . impono. 
 
 somewhat short . 
 
 use comparative. 
 
 passer-by . 
 
 . viator. 
 
 enjoy .... 
 
 carpo. 
 
 cart . . . 
 
 . . plaustrum. 
 
 while they had it 
 
 use praesens. 
 
7.] 
 
 VOCABULARY. 
 
 79 
 
 gentle . . 
 
 . lenis. 
 
 several {attempts) use saepius. 
 
 slope . . 
 
 . fastigium. 
 
 hurst open 
 
 . . perfringo. 
 
 plain . . 
 
 . planities. 
 
 guards . 
 
 . . praetoriae 
 
 look . . . 
 
 . specto. 
 
 
 hortes. 
 
 defend . . 
 
 . munio. 
 
 set on fire 
 
 . . incendo. 
 
 tolerably steep 
 
 . praeruptus, corn- 
 
 wounded , 
 
 . . saucius. 
 
 
 par. 
 
 bum 
 
 . . comburo. 
 
 huild'mg 
 
 . aedificium. 
 
 help . . 
 
 . . opem fero. 
 
 chdteau 
 
 . villa. 
 
 image . 
 
 . . simulacrum. 
 
 opposite 
 
 . adversus, adj. 
 
 chapel . 
 
 . . fanum. 
 
 small wood 
 
 . nemus. 
 
 with it . 
 
 . . . use una. 
 
 occupied . 
 
 . say, strengthen 
 
 time . . 
 
 . . aetas. 
 
 
 (firmo). 
 
 scorch . 
 
 . . amburo. 
 
 with spirit 
 
 . acriter. 
 
 from heave 
 
 n . . divinltus, ad 
 
 of Issus 
 
 ssiy, f ought (isicio) Now , 
 
 
 at (ad) Issus. 
 
 causeway . 
 
 . moles. 
 
 Phoenician cities 
 
 use Phoenices. 
 
 log , . . 
 
 . lignum. 
 
 message .... 
 
 nuntius. 
 
 pitch . . 
 
 , pix. 
 
 without ruin to 
 
 say, their liberty 
 
 set on fire . 
 
 . incendo. 
 
 their liberty 
 
 being safe (sal- 
 
 wood . . 
 
 . materia. 
 
 
 vus). 
 
 make a bread 
 
 I in perrumpo. 
 
 foreign .... 
 
 peregrinus. 
 
 engine . . . 
 
 . machina. 
 
 declare (war) . . 
 
 indico. 
 
 
 
 autem. 
 
8o 
 
 VOCABULARY. 
 
 [8- 
 
 8 
 
 English . . . 
 
 Anglus. 
 
 cover . 
 
 . . nemus. 
 
 devoted .... 
 
 deditus, part. 
 
 get away . 
 
 . . exturbo. 
 
 field-sports . . 
 
 venationes. 
 
 run by scent . . indago. 
 
 the most wonder- 
 
 say, that is most 
 
 jump , 
 
 . . transsilio. 
 
 ful is the way 
 
 wonderfidy how 
 
 bank . 
 
 . . agger. 
 
 in which 
 
 (quemadmo- 
 
 hedge . 
 
 . . saepes. 
 
 
 dum). 
 
 in their way . . use oppositus. 
 
 keep , . . . 
 
 alo. 
 
 no longer 
 
 . . non jam. 
 
 expense . . . 
 
 impendium. 
 
 tries to protect . use pres. of tu- 
 
 particular people 
 
 singuli. 
 
 
 tor. 
 
 contribute . . . 
 
 confero. 
 
 hide , . 
 
 , . . latito. 
 
 neighbour . . . 
 
 vicinus. 
 
 earth . 
 
 . . cuniculus. 
 
 name {a day) . . 
 
 dico. 
 
 escape . 
 
 . . evado. 
 
 fairly suitable 
 
 say, more suit- 
 
 again . 
 
 . rursus. 
 
 
 able (opportu- 
 
 tired out 
 
 . . defessus. 
 
 
 nus). 
 
 catch up 
 
 . . assequor. 
 
 tolerably {swift 
 
 satis, or use com- 
 
 brush . 
 
 . . Cauda. 
 
 and clever) 
 
 par. 
 
 memorial 
 
 . . monumentum. 
 
 clever . . . . 
 
 prudens. 
 
 tear . . 
 
 . . . dilanio. 
 
 nay, even . . . 
 
 quin etiam. 
 
 to make the 
 
 'm . . say, that (quo) 
 
 join in , , . . 
 
 intersum. 
 
 
 they may be. 
 
 put into . . . 
 
 immitto. 
 
 eager . 
 
 . . . acer. 
 
 . . , Prussi. 
 anxious . . . studiosus. 
 enrol ...in his army conscribo. 
 if , . , anywhere . sicubi. 
 abroad .... peregre. 
 
 give a large sum say, pers'i 
 of money with a large 
 
 sum. 
 enlist .... nomen do, nom- 
 
 ina damus. 
 
II.] 
 
 VOCABULARY. 
 
 8i 
 
 cunning . . . 
 
 callidus. 
 
 persisted in 
 
 this 
 
 in 60 persto. 
 
 neighbouring . . 
 
 finitimus. 
 
 statement 
 
 
 
 happening {to see) 
 
 use forte. 
 
 convince . 
 
 
 vinco. 
 
 carpenter . . . 
 
 faber tignarius ; 
 seco7id time 
 
 offer . . 
 
 
 profiteor, with 
 fut. infin. 
 
 
 simply faber. 
 
 purchaser . 
 
 . . 
 
 emptor. 
 
 a half .... 
 
 dimidius, adj. 
 
 accomplice 
 
 
 conscius. 
 
 shop ( = wo7'Jcshop] 
 
 officina. 
 
 lid . . . 
 
 . . 
 
 operimentum. 
 
 order .... 
 
 loco, with gerun- 
 dive. 
 
 had him can 
 
 ied 
 
 say, ordered the 
 man to he car- 
 
 chest .... 
 
 cista. 
 
 
 
 ried. 
 
 not less {than) 
 
 does not require 
 
 take off . 
 
 
 toUo. 
 
 
 quam or abl. 
 
 he was found 
 
 . . 
 
 use historic pres. 
 
 
 after it, '^ 
 
 suffocate . 
 
 . . 
 
 suffoco. 
 
 10 
 
 safe , , 
 
 . . incolumis. 
 
 messenger 
 
 Spain . . 
 
 . . Hispania. 
 
 departure 
 
 comfort 
 
 . . solatium. 
 
 rack 
 
 nuntius. 
 
 II 
 
 Charles 
 
 . Carolus. 
 
 thus far . 
 
 . . usque eo. 
 
 officer . . ' 
 
 . praefectus 
 
 order . . . 
 
 . signum. 
 
 retreat . . . 
 
 . receptus. 
 
 supply . . 
 
 . suppedito. 
 
 English . 
 
 . Anglus. 
 
 quite . . 
 
 . admodum. 
 
 get together . 
 
 . comparo. 
 
 England . 
 
 . Anglia. 
 
 by which you went 
 
 say, by which it 
 
 
 was gone. 
 
 London , . 
 
 Londinium. 
 
 march on straight 
 
 pergo. 
 
 who were of the 
 
 say, who thought 
 
 same political 
 
 {sejitio)thesame 
 
 opinions 
 
 about the State 
 
 
 (res publica). 
 
 join 
 
 me conjungo. 
 
 so small . . . 
 
 tantulus. 
 
 argument . 
 
 ratio. 
 
 TTTsTTTT-F'TlC'TTV ) 
 
82 
 
 VOCABULARY. 
 
 [12. 
 
 12 
 
 the army in its 
 retreat was fol- 
 lowed by the 
 King^s son 
 
 Scotch .... 
 
 accustom . . . 
 
 from their child- 
 hood 
 
 too quickly for 
 them to he able 
 
 seize . . . before . 
 
 say, the King^s 
 son followed 
 the retreating 
 army, 
 
 Caledonii. 
 
 assuefacio. 
 
 say, from boys. 
 
 &3bj,more quickly 
 than that they 
 should be able. 
 
 antecapio. 
 
 \ 
 guard the rear 
 squadron . . 
 asif,, . . 
 cut off . . . 
 enclosure . . 
 leap down . 
 
 fight 
 on foot . . 
 give ground 
 a little . . 
 position . . 
 fight . . . 
 
 and 
 
 agmen claudo. 
 
 turma. 
 
 quasi. 
 
 intercludo. 
 
 hortus. 
 
 use the histoi'ic 
 
 infin. 
 pedibus. 
 cedo. 
 
 paullulum. 
 statiOc 
 rem gero. 
 
 13 
 
 stranger . 
 
 . ignotus. 
 
 confusion .. . . 
 
 perturbatio 
 
 barber . . 
 
 . tonsor. 
 
 
 animi. 
 
 shop . . 
 
 . taberna. 
 
 explain .... 
 
 expono. 
 
 defeat . . 
 
 . clades. 
 
 who the first re- 
 
 &SiY,whohadfii'st 
 
 As yet — not 
 
 , nondum. 
 
 porter was 
 
 reported the 
 
 reporter . 
 
 . nuntius. 
 
 
 news. 
 
 untrimmed 
 
 . intonsus. 
 
 tortured on the 
 
 rota crucio. 
 
 hurry . . 
 
 . propero. 
 
 wheel 
 
 
 spread . . 
 
 . divulgo. 
 
 the news was con- 
 
 say, certain cre- 
 
 news . . 
 
 . res. 
 
 firmed 
 
 dit (fides) was 
 
 was thrown ii 
 
 lio use trepido {im- 
 
 
 added to the 
 
 a ferment 
 
 . . personally). 
 
 
 thing. 
 
 prove to be 
 
 evado. 
 
16.] 
 
 VOCABULARY. 
 
 83 
 
 
 14 
 
 
 is a proof . , . 
 
 doceo, documen- 
 
 spreader . 
 
 . . use divulgo. 
 
 
 to est. 
 
 news . . 
 
 . . res. 
 
 decree .... 
 
 decerno. 
 
 fictitious . 
 
 . . fictus. 
 
 'public tJianksgiviny 
 
 supplicatio. 
 
 should have 
 
 . . use oportet, or 
 
 at sea , . . . 
 
 navalis. 
 
 
 debeo. 
 
 chargedwith being 
 
 use incuso quod. 
 
 hind . . ^ . 
 
 . . illigo. 
 
 an impostor . . 
 
 fallax. 
 
 wheel . . 
 
 . . rota. 
 
 mollify .... 
 
 lenio. 
 
 barber . . 
 
 . . tonsor. 
 
 turn the matter 
 
 rem in jocum 
 
 did . . . 
 
 . . say, wished. 
 
 into a jest. 
 
 verto. 
 
 the question to be use ago de. 
 
 owing to me . . 
 
 mea opera. 
 
 tried was 
 
 
 you have spent 
 
 ssbjjfor three days 
 
 report . . 
 
 . fama. 
 
 three days in 
 
 you have felt 
 
 
 
 the pleasures of 
 
 (percipio) the 
 
 
 
 victory . . . 
 
 joys as it were 
 (quasi) of wc- 
 torywoniipsirio). 
 
 I 
 
 5 
 
 
 war witJb the 
 
 say, Sabine war. 
 
 thinh little of . . say, value 
 
 Sabines 
 
 
 
 (aestimo) at a 
 
 double .... 
 
 duplico. 
 
 
 small price. 
 
 century . . . 
 
 centuria. 
 
 knowledge . 
 
 . . scientia. 
 
 the names of him- 
 
 say, his {name) 
 
 whether . . . 
 
 or . sive . . . sive. 
 
 self and his 
 
 and the names 
 
 try , . . 
 
 . . experior. 
 
 friends 
 
 of [his) friends. 
 
 convict . . 
 
 . . arguo. 
 
 famous .... 
 
 inclutus. 
 
 ignorance . 
 
 . . inscitia. 
 
 oppose .... 
 
 adversor. 
 
 whetstone . 
 
 . . COS. 
 
 no change of that 
 
 say, nothing {use 
 
 razor . . 
 
 . . novacula. 
 
 kind could he 
 
 quisquam) of 
 
 cut . . . 
 
 . . praecido. 
 
 made 
 
 that hind could 
 
 to the amazi 
 
 mient say, all wonder- 
 
 
 he changed. 
 
 of all 
 
 ing. 
 
 consent . . . • 
 
 consensus. 
 
 give up 
 
 • . omitto. 
 
 
 
 henceforth . 
 
 . . exinde. 
 
VOCABULARY, 
 
 [16- 
 
 
 i6 
 
 
 Polish . . 
 
 . . Polonius. 
 
 Upon my honour 
 
 Mehercule. 
 
 hunt . . 
 
 . venor. 
 
 straw . . . . 
 
 stramen. 
 
 courtier 
 
 . satelles. 
 
 when compared . 
 
 say, if you com- 
 
 market-place 
 
 . forum. 
 
 
 pare it (con- 
 
 disguise 
 
 . celo. 
 
 
 fero). 
 
 hire . . . 
 
 . merces. 
 
 daily . . . . 
 
 quotidianus. 
 
 / am much sur- admiror. 
 
 of my reign . . 
 
 since (ex quo) / 
 
 prised 
 
 
 
 have been king. 
 
 indeed . . . 
 
 . re vera. 
 
 / am very well . 
 
 bene, recte valeo. 
 
 employment . 
 
 . munus. 
 
 madness . . . 
 
 say, of a madman. 
 
 
 17 
 
 
 Thefollowings 
 
 tory say, this thing. 
 
 consider . . . 
 
 secum reputare, 
 
 ,tdl .... 
 
 . narro 
 
 
 in animo ver- 
 
 Zamc . . 
 
 . claudus. 
 
 
 sare. 
 
 doctor . . 
 
 . medicus. 
 
 how keen was the 
 
 say, of how keen 
 
 Bath . . 
 
 . Aquae Solis. 
 
 memory of 
 
 (acer) memory 
 
 bandage 
 
 . oblige. 
 
 
 was. 
 
 turn out 
 
 . dimitto. 
 
 compassion . . 
 
 misericordia. 
 
 Ileal . . . 
 
 . . sano. 
 
 instance . . . 
 
 exemplum. 
 
 as far as . 
 
 . quantum. 
 
 I 
 
 8 
 
 
 Bill. . . . 
 
 . rogatio. 
 
 abolish .... 
 
 summoveo. 
 
 wish for . 
 
 . opto. 
 
 hencefortit . . . 
 
 exinde. 
 
 pass . . . 
 
 . sancio. 
 
 Conservatives 
 
 optimates. 
 
 drop . . 
 
 . omitto. 
 
 right of voting 
 
 suffragium. 
 
 fly away . . 
 
 . evolo. 
 
 how . . . how . . 
 
 quemadmodum 
 
 Tnofke speeches 
 
 . contionor. 
 
 
 . . . quomodo. 
 
 it is becoming i 
 
 ,0 . decet. 
 
 meeting . . . 
 
 contio. 
 
 concern . . 
 
 . attinet ad. 
 
 owe 
 
 acceptum refero. 
 
 excite . . . 
 
 . irrito. 
 
 favour .... 
 
 beneficium. 
 
 Liberals . . 
 
 . populares. 
 
 
 
83.] 
 
 VOCABULARY. 
 
 85 
 
 19 
 
 consider , . . reputo. 
 
 on the contrary . contra. 
 
 join me conjungo. 
 
 advantage . . commodum. 
 
 ancient .... vetus. 
 
 as springing . . use ut qui. 
 
 stoch . , . . 
 betray . . . . 
 And . . . even 
 threatened him 
 with death . . 
 
 20 
 
 alliance . . . societas. 
 
 in June , . . say, in the month 
 
 June, 
 
 again ( = a second iterum. 
 
 time) 
 
 move .... migro. 
 
 were masters of . dominor. 
 
 without success 
 
 complain . 
 and , , . if 
 warning , 
 
 stirps. 
 prodo. 
 quin etiam. 
 say, threatened 
 
 (minor) death 
 
 to him. 
 
 say, the thing 
 (res) not having 
 been done (in- 
 fectus). 
 
 queror. 
 
 quod si. 
 
 monitum. 
 
 21 
 
 insight 
 
 of which they 
 thought so much 
 
 Helot 
 
 sagacitas. 
 
 conjungo. 
 
 say, ivhich they 
 valued (aesti- 
 mo) at so high 
 a price. 
 
 Ilota. 
 
 suitable . . . 
 
 opposite . . . 
 
 whose number was 
 
 about 300,000 
 
 cavalry skirmish 
 
 fought 
 
 22 
 
 get their water . aquor. 
 
 post statio. 
 
 consistent with . use the genitive, 
 threatened him say, threatened 
 with punishment (minor) pun- 
 ishment to him. 
 
 pebble . . . 
 / vote against 
 stranger . . 
 day daumfi 
 daybreak . . 
 
 aequus. 
 
 adversus, adj. 
 
 say, whose num- 
 ber was of 
 about 300,000. 
 
 parvulum eques- 
 tre proelium. 
 
 facio. 
 
 calculus. 
 
 veto. 
 
 hospes. 
 
 lucet. 
 
 diluculum. 
 
86 
 
 VOCABULARY, 
 
 23 
 
 time spatium. 
 
 to draw up his say, of drawing 
 
 army in line up (dirigo) a 
 line-of -battle, 
 
 fix... in the ground defigo. 
 
 as a mantlet . . pro vinea. 
 
 from a distance . eminus. 
 
 take the auspices . auspicor. 
 
 get nanciscor. 
 
 onset .... concursus. 
 
 for some time . aliquamdiu. 
 
 of fighting . . . say, 0/ Ught. 
 
 that large number say, so large a 
 number. 
 
 24 
 
 story . . . 
 
 . res, fabula. 
 
 establishment . . 
 
 use constituo. 
 
 hand down 
 
 . trado. 
 
 the battle of F.F. 
 
 say, it was fought 
 
 writer . . 
 
 . auctor. 
 
 was fought 
 
 atF.F.(Flod- 
 
 ago . . . 
 
 . abhinc. 
 
 
 densis ager). 
 
 boast . . 
 
 . jactare. 
 
 quiver .... 
 
 pharetra. 
 
 intimately . 
 
 . . familiariter. 
 
 attendant . . . 
 
 minister. 
 
 Peter . . 
 
 . Petrus. 
 
 instance . . . 
 
 exemplnm. 
 
 converse 
 
 . . sermonemhabeo, 
 
 age 
 
 seculum. 
 
 
 coUoquor. 
 
 unite .... 
 
 adjungo. 
 
 Henry . • 
 
 . . Henricus. 
 
 2 
 
 !5 
 
 
 take from . 
 
 . excerpo. 
 
 court .... 
 
 in connubium 
 
 records 
 
 , . annales. 
 
 
 peto. 
 
 curious , . 
 
 . . mirus, insigniSo 
 
 county .... 
 
 regio. 
 
 determination 
 
 . use firmum con- 
 
 dowry .... 
 
 dos. 
 
 
 silium, or con- 
 
 £50 
 
 say, 6000 sester- 
 
 
 stantia. 
 
 
 ces (sestertius). 
 
 husband . 
 
 . . maritus. 
 
 earn .... 
 
 lucror. 
 
 to be worth ' 
 
 jery maximi esse. 
 
 shopkeeper . . 
 
 tabernarius. 
 
 large sums 
 
 
 delicate . . . 
 
 tenuis, mollis. 
 
 decorate 
 
 . ,. orno. 
 
 £60. . . ." . 
 
 say, about 7000 
 
 curl . . . 
 
 . . cincinnus. 
 
 
 sestertii. 
 
 Oxfordshire 
 
 . . say, of the Oxon- 
 
 giving £3 for each 
 
 say, each ounce 
 
 
 ian (Oxonien- 
 
 ounce . . . 
 
 (uncia) at 360 
 
 
 sis) land. 
 
 
 sestertii. 
 
27.] 
 
 VOCABULARY 
 
 \BRATy** 
 
 OF TWE 
 
 UTNIVERSI'^B? 
 
 to meet . . . 
 
 . obviam. 
 
 'plan . . . 
 
 . consulo. 
 
 think over . . 
 
 . delibero 
 
 26 
 
 the generals decided use placet. 
 harm .... noceo. 
 but . . . if . . . quod si. 
 
 27 
 
 renew .... 
 
 redintegro. 
 
 take walkf^ . . 
 
 spatior. 
 
 English .... 
 
 Anglus. 
 
 which .... 
 
 id quod. 
 
 ilfa^^a .... 
 
 Melita. 
 
 meet .... 
 
 convenio 
 
 commit . . . 
 
 admitto. 
 
 conspirators . . 
 
 conjurati. 
 
 seize {take prisoner) excipio. 
 
 Paris .... 
 
 Lutetia. 
 
 travel ... . . 
 
 peregrinor. 
 
 officer .... 
 
 praefectus. 
 
 business , . . 
 
 negotium. 
 
 without a hearing 
 
 say, his cause not 
 
 pleasure . . . 
 
 delectatio. 
 
 
 having - been 
 
 only 
 
 say, at length. 
 
 
 pleaded (indie 
 
 regain .... 
 
 recupero. 
 
 
 tus). 
 
 show his fury 
 
 saevio. 
 
 bookseller . . 
 
 bibliopola. 
 
 line 
 
 stirps. 
 
 publish. . . . 
 
 edo. 
 
 treason. . . . 
 
 majestas. 
 
 complain . . . 
 
 eonqueror. 
 
 because .... 
 
 ideo . . . quod. 
 
 execute .... 
 
 neco. 
 
88 
 
 VOCABULARY. 
 
 [28- 
 
 
 28 
 
 
 liigh ground . 
 
 . editus locus. 
 
 Saint Boniface . say, Bonifacius, 
 
 fortress 
 
 . castellum. 
 
 
 amost holy man. 
 
 old , . . . 
 
 . priscus. 
 
 church . . . 
 
 . ecclesia. 
 
 nay, even . 
 
 . quin etiam. 
 
 structure . . 
 
 . opus. 
 
 time , . 
 
 . aetas. 
 
 ago . . , 
 
 . abhinc. 
 
 lying . . 
 
 . positus. 
 
 were anxious . 
 
 . studeo, with ge- 
 
 advantageous 
 
 . opportunus. 
 
 
 rundive. 
 
 Jceep . . 
 
 . conserve. 
 
 build larger 
 
 . augeo. 
 
 supplies 
 
 . commeatus. 
 
 scanty , . 
 
 . exiguus. 
 
 treat . . .as' 
 
 . utor . . . tam- 
 
 length '. . 
 
 . longitudo. 
 
 
 quam. 
 
 build up . 
 
 . exstruo. 
 
 found . . 
 
 . instituo. 
 
 substructure 
 
 . . moles. 
 
 extend . . 
 
 . . profero. 
 
 stone {adj. ) 
 
 . . lapideus. 
 
 embrace . 
 
 . amplector. 
 
 arch . . 
 
 . . fornix. 
 
 drive off . 
 
 . . propulso. 
 
 since . . 
 
 • say, from (ex). 
 
 dismantle . 
 
 . demolior. 
 
 look down upc 
 
 m . despecto. 
 
 they say . 
 
 . . ferunt. 
 
 from a heigh 
 
 5 of say, being 60 feet 
 
 
 
 60 feet 
 
 high. 
 
 
 2 
 
 9 
 
 
 earl . . 
 
 . comes. 
 
 bishop . . . 
 
 , episcopus. 
 
 fall into troub 
 
 le . subeo pericu- 
 
 {accuse) to . 
 
 . apud. 
 
 
 lum. 
 
 misdeed . 
 
 . male factum. 
 
 temper . . 
 
 . . ingenium. 
 
 end the chargi 
 
 . . finem criminis 
 
 extricate . 
 
 . . extraho. 
 
 
 facio. 
 
 Henry . . 
 
 , . Henricus. 
 
 my liege . 
 
 , . rex optimus. 
 
 cathedral . 
 
 . templum. 
 
 Ireland , 
 
 . . say, the Irish 
 
 acknowledge 
 
 . fateor. 
 
 
 (Hibemus). 
 
 archbishop 
 
 . archiepiscopus. 
 
 made him lord- say, put him over 
 
 laughed and i 
 
 mr- cum risu ignosco. 
 
 deputy of 
 
 the (praeficio) the 
 
 doned 
 
 
 province 
 
 province as 
 
 ludicrous . 
 
 . say, w7io moved 
 
 
 proconsul. 
 
 
 such laughter. 
 
 generous . 
 
 . say, of a great 
 
 culprit . . 
 
 . reus. 
 
 
 mind. 
 
 again . . • 
 
 . idem. 
 
 
 
81.] 
 
 VOCABULARY. 
 
 89 
 
 his good humour 
 
 say, as he was of 
 
 who knew . . 
 
 . peritus. 
 
 was equal to his 
 
 great courage, 
 
 ivhisper . . 
 
 insusurro. 
 
 valour 
 
 so he was of 
 
 lord . . . 
 
 . hems. 
 
 
 easy nature (in- 
 
 make a bet 
 
 . sponsionem 
 
 
 doles). 
 
 
 facio. 
 
 fiercely enraged . 
 
 maxima ira ac- 
 census. 
 
 win .... 
 
 . nanciscor. 
 
 30 
 
 retrace the steps . 
 
 pedem refero. 
 
 tiny spaiTOw . 
 
 passerculus 
 
 familiar . , . 
 
 notus. 
 
 nest . . 
 
 
 nidus. 
 
 declares . . . 
 
 use auctor. 
 
 unndow 
 
 
 fenestra. 
 
 tame .... 
 
 mansuetus. 
 
 cage . 
 
 
 cavea. 
 
 doctor .... 
 
 medicus. 
 
 tend 
 
 
 foveo. 
 
 in India . . . 
 
 say, of. the In- 
 
 twitter . 
 
 
 pipilo. 
 
 
 dians, 
 
 guess . 
 
 
 suspicor., 
 
 litter .... 
 
 lectica. 
 
 cease . 
 
 
 desino. 
 
 find the way back 
 
 viam repeto. 
 
 look after i 
 
 tself 
 
 sibi curare. 
 
 31 
 
 Edward . . 
 
 . Edvardus. 
 
 gentle ... 
 
 lenis. 
 
 archer . . . 
 
 . Sagittarius. 
 
 slope .... 
 
 fastigium. 
 
 raise . . . 
 
 . comparo. 
 
 drew up his army 
 
 say, dreio up a 
 
 Welsh . . . 
 
 . Britanni. 
 
 in three lines . 
 
 threefold (trip- 
 
 Irish . . . 
 
 . Hiberni. 
 
 
 lex) line - of 
 
 march straight 
 
 . contendo. 
 
 
 battle. 
 
 Paris . . . 
 
 Lutetia. 
 
 forced march . . 
 
 magnum iter. 
 
 extend . . . 
 
 . pateo. 
 
 tired .... 
 
 fessus. 
 
 Seine . . . 
 
 . Sequana. 
 
 three in the after- 
 
 say, the ninth 
 
 Flanders . . 
 
 . Belgae. 
 
 noon .... 
 
 hour. 
 
 halt an arm// 
 
 . signa consistere 
 jubeo. 
 
 let , , , slip . . 
 
 emitto. 
 
90 
 
 VOCABULARY. 
 
 [32- 
 
 
 32 
 
 
 the vanguard was 
 
 say, the first line 
 
 charge .... 
 
 incurro. 
 
 formed by ar- 
 
 were archers 
 
 shut in . . . . 
 
 intercludo. 
 
 chers 
 
 (Sagittarius). 
 
 fell 
 
 dejicio. 
 
 bowstring . . . 
 
 nervus. 
 
 such a great . . 
 
 say, so great a. 
 
 tighten . . . 
 
 adstringo. 
 
 confusion . . . 
 
 tumultus. 
 
 have . . . under 
 
 protego. 
 
 very few . . . 
 
 perpauci. 
 
 cover 
 
 
 armour . . . 
 
 arma. 
 
 squadron , . . 
 
 turma. 
 
 
 
 
 33 
 
 
 after issuing the 
 
 say, ajter com- 
 
 for the same pur- 
 
 say, also for the 
 
 necessary orders 
 
 manding the 
 
 j)ose of encour- 
 
 sake of encour- 
 
 
 necessary things. 
 
 agement 
 
 aging (cohor- 
 
 spot 
 
 pars. 
 
 
 tor). 
 
 to put in the way 
 
 offero. 
 
 find .... 
 
 occurro. 
 
 to find oneself loith 
 
 devenio ad. 
 
 strung up to battle 
 
 say, ready for 
 
 only .... 
 
 nihil ultra. 
 
 pitch 
 
 fighting. 
 
 guard .... 
 
 retineo. 
 
 find the time too 
 
 say, time failed 
 
 show • a resolute 
 
 say, to sustain 
 
 short 
 
 (desum). 
 
 front to 
 
 bravely. 
 
 adjust .... 
 
 accommodo. 
 
 lose presence of 
 
 animo perturbor 
 
 badge .... 
 
 insigne. 
 
 mind 
 
 
 don 
 
 induo. 
 
 for action . . . 
 
 praelii commit- 
 
 take off . . . 
 
 detraho. 
 
 
 tendi. 
 
 covering . . . 
 
 tegimentum. 
 
 a javelin's throw 
 
 say, whither a 
 
 take his stand 
 
 consisto. 
 
 
 javelin could be 
 
 chance upon 
 
 casu devenio ad. 
 
 
 thrown. 
 
 catch sight of 
 
 conspicio. 
 
 
 3 
 
 \ 
 
 
 I take post . . 
 
 acie consisto. 
 
 sword in hand . 
 
 say, with swords. 
 
 breathless . . . 
 
 exanimatus. 
 
 numbers of the 
 
 say, of them a 
 
 entrenchment . . 
 
 castra. 
 
 floundering mass 
 
 great part en- 
 
 exhausted . . . 
 
 confectus. 
 
 
 tangled (impe- 
 
 high .... 
 
 sa3^, higher, • 
 
 
 ditus). 
 
86.] 
 
 VOCABULARY. 
 
 91 
 
 hesitate . . . 
 
 dubito. 
 
 / am posted . 
 
 . consisto. 
 
 difficult . . . 
 
 iniquus. . 
 
 seize . . . 
 
 . utor. 
 
 faced round and 
 
 conversi. 
 
 opportunity . 
 
 . occasio. 
 
 renew . . . . 
 
 redintegro. 
 
 commander-in- 
 
 qui sumraam im- 
 
 fiing bach . . . 
 
 profligo. 
 
 chief 
 
 perii tenebat. 
 
 continued the 
 
 proelior {imperf. ) 
 
 dense . . . 
 
 . confertus. 
 
 struggle 
 
 
 get round . . 
 
 . circumvenio. 
 
 close .... 
 
 use ipse. 
 
 exposed . . , 
 
 . apertus. 
 
 left hare . . . 
 
 nudatus. 
 
 
 
 35 
 
 the Chinese 
 
 . Seres. 
 
 honour .... 
 
 fides. 
 
 rebellion . 
 
 defectio. 
 
 courtesy . . . 
 
 comitas. 
 
 suppress . 
 
 . comprimo. 
 
 undergo . . . 
 
 obeo. 
 
 English 
 
 Anglus. 
 
 however [numer- 
 
 quamvis. 
 
 mention . 
 
 . memoro. 
 
 ous) 
 
 
 sack . . 
 
 diripio. 
 
 pass .... 
 
 fauces. 
 
 so much land 
 
 . say, so much of 
 
 storm .... 
 
 expugno. 
 
 
 land. 
 
 small stick . . 
 
 bacillum. 
 
 tactics . . . 
 
 . ars militaris, dis- 
 
 so often . . . 
 
 toties. 
 
 
 ciplina mili- 
 
 thenameof^* Vic- 
 
 '* Victorious^' 
 
 
 taris. 
 
 torious " was 
 
 (victor) is at- 
 
 manage 
 
 . . administro. 
 
 given to the army 
 
 f traded to agree 
 
 make . . . c 
 
 am- praeficio. 
 
 
 with *'army," 
 
 mander 
 
 
 
 as J nomen mihi 
 
 somewhat you' 
 
 ng . use the compar. 
 
 
 Caio est. 
 
 active . . 
 
 . strenuus. 
 
 3 
 
 6 
 
 
 works . , 
 
 . munimenta. 
 
 the Chinese . . 
 
 Seres. 
 
 strategy . 
 
 . peritia, consilia. 
 
 disclose . . . 
 
 patefacio. 
 
 secretly 
 
 . clam. 
 
 conspirators . . 
 
 conjurati. 
 
 surrender . 
 
 . deditio. 
 
 commander . . 
 
 praefectus. 
 
 lives . . 
 
 . use the sing. 
 
 hold out . . . 
 
 say, be defended. 
 
 in the meantir 
 
 m , interim. 
 
 without the know- 
 
 clam, prep. 
 
 meet . . 
 
 . congredior. 
 
 ledge of 
 
 OF THF \ 
 
 
 
 fxJNIVERSITY 
 
92 
 
 VOCABULARY, 
 
 [37- 
 
 
 3 
 
 7 
 
 
 the Chinese 
 
 . Seres. 
 
 Englishman . . 
 
 Anglus. 
 
 brought into 
 
 his offero, unth dat. 
 
 he too . . . . 
 
 use idem. 
 
 power 
 
 of person. 
 
 whose surrender 
 
 say, received (re- 
 
 at once . . 
 
 . statim. 
 
 had been ac- 
 
 cipio) to (in) 
 
 go unpunished 
 
 . say, be done with 
 
 cepted 
 
 surrender (de- 
 
 
 impunity (im- 
 
 
 ditio). 
 
 
 pune). 
 
 basely .... 
 
 foede. 
 
 revolver . 
 
 . say, weapon. 
 
 law {of nations) . 
 
 jus. 
 
 rv^h out . 
 
 . erumpo. 
 
 treachery . . . 
 
 perfidia. 
 
 his quarters 
 
 . use praetorium. 
 
 cruelty .... 
 
 immanitas. 
 
 punish , . 
 
 . poenas sumo. 
 
 for a time . . . 
 
 aliquamdiu. 
 
 hide . . 
 
 latito. 
 
 remain inactive . 
 
 cesso. 
 
 escape . . 
 
 . evado. 
 
 at length . . . 
 
 tandem. 
 
 complaint . 
 
 . use the verb 
 
 to prevent . . . 
 
 say, lest . . . 
 
 
 (queror). 
 
 trouble .... 
 
 vexo. 
 
 gain liberty . 
 
 . me in libertatem 
 
 robbery . . . 
 
 praedatio. 
 
 
 vindico. 
 
 massacre . , . 
 
 caedes. 
 
 strategy . 
 
 . use consilia. 
 
 pacify .... 
 
 paco. 
 
 military skill 
 
 . ars militaris, dis- 
 
 lay down {a com- 
 
 me abdico ab. 
 
 
 ciplina mili- 
 
 mand) 
 
 
 
 taris. 
 
 3 
 
 8 
 
 
 in the war 
 
 be- say, in the war 
 
 mention . . . 
 
 memoro. 
 
 tweeen Twn 
 
 'key whichthe Turks 
 
 of such import- 
 
 say, so great. 
 
 and Russia 
 
 (Turcae) car- 
 
 ance 
 
 
 , 
 
 ried on with 
 
 sanction . . . 
 
 auctoritas. 
 
 
 the Russians 
 
 for this . . . 
 
 say, on the fol- 
 
 
 (Russi). 
 
 
 lowing account 
 
 Bulgaria . . 
 
 . Bulgari. 
 
 
 (ideo). 
 
 revolt . . 
 
 . seditionem, de- 
 
 so small a state as 
 
 say, the Bulgari- 
 
 
 fectionemfacio. 
 
 Bulgaria 
 
 anSf so small 
 
 join . . . 
 
 . me conjungo. 
 
 
 (tantulus) a 
 
 be/ore . . . 
 
 . supra. 
 
 
 state. 
 
40.] 
 
 VOCABULARY. 
 
 93 
 
 'patronage . . 
 
 patrocinium. 
 
 ivhich were of kin- 
 
 say,near by race. 
 
 manage 
 
 administro. 
 
 dred race 
 
 
 as they pleased . 
 
 say, according to 
 
 to revolt . . . 
 
 use suhst. 
 
 
 (ad) the plea- 
 
 disturb .... 
 
 soUicito. 
 
 
 swre(arbitrium) 
 
 turn out . . . 
 
 moveo. 
 
 
 of themselves. 
 
 privy .... 
 
 conscius. 
 
 entice . . . . 
 
 illicio. 
 
 plot 
 
 conjuratio. 
 
 on their borders . 
 
 finitimus. 
 
 
 
 39 
 
 Servia .... 
 
 Servii. 
 
 firmness . . . 
 
 constantia. 
 
 prepare for war 
 
 say, prepare war. 
 
 the brave prince 
 
 say, the prince of 
 
 at the instigation 
 
 say, the Austri- 
 
 of Bulgaria 
 
 the Bulgarians^ 
 
 of Austria 
 
 ans (Austri) 
 
 
 a very brave 
 
 • 
 
 instigating (in- 
 
 
 man. 
 
 
 stigo). 
 
 truce .... 
 
 induciae. 
 
 both . . . and . . 
 
 quum . . . turn. 
 
 English . . . 
 
 Anglus. 
 
 on account of the 
 
 say, on account 
 
 at Constantinople 
 
 say, who was at 
 
 reception of their 
 
 of their exiles 
 
 
 Constantinople. 
 
 exiles, . . . 
 
 received. 
 
 Turks .... 
 
 Turcae. 
 
 Bulgarians . . 
 
 Bulgari. 
 
 to be united in . 
 
 say, to be made. 
 
 extend .... 
 
 profero. 
 
 barrier. . , . 
 
 impedimentum . 
 
 declare {war) 
 
 indico. 
 
 Russia .... 
 
 Russi. 
 
 sUll .... 
 
 ars, disciplina. 
 
 
 
 40 
 
 dead body . . 
 
 . cadaver. 
 
 confer , 
 
 . . confero. 
 
 think . . . 
 
 . cogito. 
 
 fairly . 
 
 . . merito, jure 
 
 foully . . . 
 
 . foede. 
 
 blame . 
 
 . . culpo. 
 
 assassin . . 
 
 . sicarius. 
 
 kind . . 
 
 . . benignus. 
 
 extraordinary 
 
 . singularis. 
 
 axe . . 
 
 . . . securis. 
 
 plain . . . 
 
 . manifestus. 
 
 
 
94 
 
 VOCABULARY. 
 
 [41- 
 
 41 
 
 'prosecute . 
 
 . judicio perse - 
 
 thank warmly 
 
 plurimas gratias 
 
 
 quor. 
 
 
 ago. 
 
 treason 
 
 . perduellio. 
 
 advocate . 
 
 patronus. 
 
 he dangerous 
 
 , obsum. 
 
 blame . . . 
 
 objurgo. 
 
 appoint 
 
 . dico. 
 
 case. . . . 
 
 res. 
 
 accused . 
 
 . reus. 
 
 vain disposition 
 
 arrogans ingeni- 
 
 conspiracy 
 
 . use conjuro. 
 
 
 um. 
 
 shil/ul lawyer 
 
 . vir juris peritus. 
 
 give trouble . 
 
 affero molestias. 
 
 do my best 
 
 . id ago. 
 
 plead . . . 
 
 . ago. 
 
 threaten . 
 
 . . minor. 
 
 threw over . . 
 
 dandam curavit. 
 
 acquit . . 
 
 . absolve. 
 
 tablet . . . 
 
 tabula. 
 
 jury . . 
 
 . judices. 
 
 / ^11 be hanged 
 
 say, May I he 
 lianged (pereo). 
 
 42 
 
 foreign policy . 
 
 say, the things 
 
 that peace was the 
 
 say, that chief 
 
 
 (res) do7ie (gero) 
 
 chief object to be 
 
 account (maxi- 
 
 
 abroad (pere- 
 
 aimed at 
 
 ma ratio) was 
 
 
 gre). 
 
 
 to he taken (ha- 
 
 the late govern- 
 
 say, those who 
 
 
 beo) of peace. 
 
 ment 
 
 were lately (nu- 
 
 Egypt . . . . 
 
 Aegyptus. 
 
 
 per) managing 
 
 cost us much blood 
 
 say, stood to us 
 
 
 (administro) 
 
 
 withmuchblood. 
 
 
 the state. 
 
 energetic . . . 
 
 impiger. 
 
 tJieyhaveno means 
 
 say, they cannot 
 
 natural [mistake) 
 
 humanus. 
 
 of excusing 
 
 excuse. 
 
 think out . . . 
 
 excogito. 
 
 sloth .... 
 
 ignavia. 
 
 bribe .... 
 
 merces. 
 
 weakness . . , 
 
 imbecillitas. 
 
 acre .... 
 
 jugerum. 
 
 
 
 perform . . . 
 
 facio. 
 
 
 
 once .... 
 
 semel. 
 
-44] 
 
 VOCABULARY. 
 
 95 
 
 43 
 
 hear in mind 
 
 com . . 
 
 cheap . 
 
 remove 
 
 import duty 
 
 franchise . 
 
 and quite lately . 
 
 agricultural la- 
 bourer 
 
 in a word . . . 
 
 the most necessary 
 thing is 
 
 memoria teneo. 
 
 annona. 
 
 vilis. 
 
 tollo. 
 
 portorium. 
 
 suffragium. 
 
 novissime au t em . 
 
 colonus. 
 
 denique. 
 
 say, that is most 
 
 necessary {use 
 
 opus est). 
 
 land-laws . 
 
 restoration . . 
 
 education . 
 
 at the cost of the 
 
 state 
 Liberals . . . 
 Conservatives 
 grudge .... 
 
 say, the laws by 
 which lands are 
 held (possideo). 
 
 use reddo. 
 
 use erudio. 
 
 publice. 
 
 populares. 
 optimates. 
 invideo. 
 
 44 
 
 for a long time jampridem. 
 
 
 grievance . . . 
 
 injuria. 
 
 past 
 
 
 
 regard .... 
 
 use habeo. 
 
 Irish . . 
 
 . Hibernus. 
 
 
 forbid them the use 
 
 interdico {with 
 
 revolution . 
 
 . novae res. 
 
 
 of fir eand water 
 
 dat.) aqua et 
 
 hold . . 
 
 . possideo. 
 
 
 
 igni. 
 
 landlord . 
 
 . dominus. 
 
 
 movement . . . 
 
 seditio. 
 
 exact . . 
 
 . extorqueo. 
 
 
 agreement . . . 
 
 foedus. 
 
 stir up . . 
 
 . excito. 
 
 
 for life .... 
 
 ad vitam. 
 
 agitators . 
 
 . say, certain men 
 
 yoke .... 
 
 jungo. 
 
 
 who moved 
 
 se- 
 
 cart 
 
 carrus. 
 
 
 dition. 
 
 
 try to use . . . 
 
 experior. 
 
 removal , 
 
 . use tollo. 
 
 
 
 
96 
 
 VOCABULARY. 
 
 [46. 
 
 45 
 
 the government 
 
 propose 
 
 say, the magis- 
 trates who ad- 
 ministered af- 
 fairs^ or, who 
 were at the head 
 of (praesum) 
 affairs, 
 
 fero ad populum. 
 
 nor were they un- say, id quod non 
 
 successful frustra fuit. 
 
 pass , perfero. 
 
 Assembly . comitia. 
 
 surrender . . 
 national league 
 
 forbid him the use 
 of fire and 
 water 
 
 wish . . . . 
 
 cause . 
 trouble . 
 
 dedo. 
 
 say, league[BO(Ae- 
 tsis) of the whole 
 race. 
 
 interdico {with 
 dat. ) aqua et 
 igni. 
 
 votum, or, that 
 which they de- 
 sire. 
 
 affero. 
 
 molestia. 
 
46.] 
 
 VOCABULARY. 
 
 97 
 
 PART II. 
 
 46 
 
 ago .... 
 
 abhinc. 
 
 facing {us) . . 
 
 oppositus. 
 
 had my first ex- 
 
 say, experienced 
 
 captain . . . 
 
 praef ectus navis. 
 
 perience of 
 
 (experior) for 
 
 thus far . . . 
 
 hactenus. 
 
 
 the first time 
 
 unsuccessful . . 
 
 say, the thing not 
 
 
 (primum). 
 
 
 having been 
 
 am sure of it 
 
 say, hold it for 
 
 
 dowe(inf ectus), 
 
 
 (pro) certain. 
 
 
 or simply, in 
 
 Milford Bay . 
 
 say, the harbour 
 
 
 vain. 
 
 
 of the DcTnetae. 
 
 spur on . . . 
 
 incito. 
 
 Pole ... . 
 
 polus. 
 
 nail .... 
 
 clavus. 
 
 sight ... . 
 
 conspicio. 
 
 iceberg (second 
 
 say simply, wwms. 
 
 whale .... 
 
 balaena. 
 
 time) 
 
 
 harpoon . . . 
 
 say, barbed (lia- 
 
 though . . . 
 
 withadj. and adv. 
 
 
 matus) javelin. 
 
 
 quamvis. 
 
 tie , , to . . . 
 
 adligo. 
 
 quite true . . . 
 
 say, most true. 
 
 rope .... 
 
 funis. 
 
 all the same . . 
 
 ta-men. 
 
 north .... 
 
 septemtriones. 
 
 anchor . . . 
 
 ad ancoram de- 
 
 7iorth star . . 
 
 arctos. 
 
 
 ligo. 
 
 great blue iceberg 
 
 say, a frozen (con- 
 
 south . , . . 
 
 meridles. 
 
 
 glacio) mass 
 
 story .... 
 
 narratio. 
 
 
 (moles), blue 
 
 
 
 
 csierale\iB),with 
 
 
 
 
 the greatness of 
 
 
 
 
 a mountain ; 
 
 
 j 
 
 
 or, like (instar) 
 
 
 
 
 a mountain. 
 
 
 •'. 
 
98 
 
 VOCABULARY. 
 
 [47- 
 
 47 
 
 Spain .... 
 
 Hispania. 
 
 show , 
 
 . . praesto. 
 
 show respect . . 
 
 reverentiam ad- 
 
 affable 
 
 . . comis. 
 
 
 hibeo, or ob- 
 
 uphold 
 
 . . . augeo. 
 
 
 servantia colo. 
 
 check . . 
 
 . . reprimo. 
 
 on the knees . . 
 
 genibus sub- 
 
 pride . . 
 
 superbia. 
 
 
 missis. 
 
 adopt . 
 
 . . utor. 
 
 for which he gave 
 
 say, that which he 
 
 habit . 
 
 . . consuetude. 
 
 this artful ex- 
 
 excused in this 
 
 plain . 
 
 . . apertus, clarus. 
 
 cuse 
 
 artful (calli- 
 
 reprimand . . objurgo. 
 
 
 dus) way, or of 
 
 guess at 
 
 . . . conjectura re 
 
 
 which thing he 
 
 
 perio. 
 
 
 gave this artful 
 
 In a word 
 
 . . Ne plura dicam 
 
 
 excuse (excu- 
 
 
 or denique. 
 
 
 satio). 
 
 humiliate 
 
 . . deprimo, depres 
 
 stature . . . 
 
 statura. 
 
 
 sum teneo. 
 
 ivould have seemed 
 
 use f uturum f uisse 
 
 
 
 48 
 
 elections . . . comitia. 
 
 Gonservativeparty optimates. 
 
 hold the govern- res administro. 
 
 ment 
 
 great strife . . acris dissensio. 
 
 party .... factio. 
 
 now far advanced aetatis jam pro- 
 
 in years vectae. 
 
 conduct the ad- 
 
 rem gero. 
 
 ministration 
 
 
 abroad . . . 
 
 peregre. 
 
 provoke . . . 
 
 irrito. 
 
 alliance . . . 
 
 societas. 
 
 pacify . . . 
 
 paco. 
 
 establish a strong 
 
 res firmo imperio 
 
 government 
 
 stabilio. 
 
 withdraw , , 
 
 abduco. 
 
60.] 
 
 VOCABULARY. 
 
 99 
 
 49 
 
 it would have been 
 
 satius fuit. 
 
 aim at , . . peto. 
 
 better 
 
 
 revolution . . novae res. 
 
 unite .... 
 
 adjungo. 
 
 party .... partes. 
 
 Egypt. . . . 
 
 Aegyptus. 
 
 confiscate . . . publico. 
 
 quarters . . . 
 
 partes. 
 
 church . . . ecclesia. 
 
 rescue .... 
 
 eximo. 
 
 had made many say, had offered 
 
 unsuccessful . . 
 
 re infecta. 
 
 impossible offers (oiSero) many 
 
 Irish .... 
 
 Hibemus. 
 
 things which 
 
 favour . . . 
 
 gratia. 
 
 could in no 
 
 commit anoutrage 
 
 facinus admitto. 
 
 manner be 
 done. 
 
 50 
 
 divide .... 
 
 distineo. 
 
 building . . . 
 
 aedificium. 
 
 popular leaders . 
 
 say, leaders of the 
 
 treaswry . . . 
 
 aerarium. 
 
 
 liberals (popu- 
 
 perfect . . . 
 
 say, best. 
 
 
 laris). 
 
 seize .... 
 
 rapio. 
 
 on the proposal . 
 
 use auctor. 
 
 general advantage 
 
 commune co 
 
 appoint . . . 
 
 constituo. 
 
 
 modum. 
 
 to look after tirade 
 
 say, for adminis- 
 
 train .... 
 
 instituo. 
 
 
 tering mercan- 
 
 learning . . . 
 
 doctrina. 
 
 
 
 tile (merca- 
 
 principles . . 
 
 mores. 
 
 
 torius) affairs. 
 
 confiscate . . . 
 
 publico. 
 
 form a plan . . 
 
 ineo consilium 
 
 suit .... 
 
 convenio. 
 
 
 [with gen.). 
 
 loarty .... 
 
 partes. 
 
 too poor to . . 
 
 say, poorer than 
 
 Conservatives 
 
 optimates. 
 
 
 who should. 
 
 chance . . . 
 
 occasio, copia. 
 
 this {aedile) again 
 
 use idem. 
 
 revolution . , 
 
 novae res. 
 
lOO 
 
 VOCABULARY, 
 
 [51- 
 
 
 51 
 
 
 / am at the head 
 
 reipublicae prae- 
 
 manage J . 
 
 administro. 
 
 of the gover7i- 
 
 sum. 
 
 tax .... 
 
 vectigal. 
 
 ment 
 
 
 there was no oltei 
 
 '- say, nothing else 
 
 pacify. . . . 
 
 paco. 
 
 native hut 
 
 loas to be done 
 
 explain . . . 
 
 expono. 
 
 
 than. 
 
 on what principles 
 
 quemadmodum. 
 
 Soudan . . 
 
 Aethiopia. 
 
 gradually . . 
 
 paullatim. 
 
 again . . . 
 
 autem. 
 
 for the better 
 
 in melius. 
 
 for the fact that 
 
 quod. 
 
 overthrow . . 
 
 eversio. 
 
 {threatened) us 
 
 say, war to us. 
 
 foreign . . . 
 
 externus. 
 
 with war 
 
 
 was owing 'to 
 
 say, vjas done 
 
 blame . . . 
 
 incuso. 
 
 
 through (per). 
 
 provoke . . 
 
 exacerbo. 
 
 rule .... 
 
 res administro. 
 
 Afghans . . 
 
 Arius. 
 
 Egypt .... 
 
 Aegyptus. 
 
 Russian . . 
 
 Russus. 
 
 partner . . . 
 
 socius. 
 
 induce . . 
 
 impello. 
 
 52 
 
 to be crossed . 
 
 • jungi. 
 
 while . . , 
 
 . autem. 
 
 leave the co mmand say , / set him over 
 
 attention . . 
 
 say, minds. 
 
 of. . . to 
 
 (praeficio, with 
 
 form up . . 
 
 instruo. 
 
 
 ace. and dat.). 
 
 column 
 
 cuneus. 
 
 Spanish . . 
 
 Hispanus. 
 
 covered . . 
 
 . abditus. 
 
 trust . . , 
 
 . confido. 
 
 omit . . . 
 
 . vnegligo. 
 
 the fact . . 
 
 . id. 
 
 guard , . . 
 
 . praesidio teneo. 
 
 command 
 
 immineo. 
 
 both attacks wi 
 
 ire say, it was at- 
 
 cut off , . . 
 
 intercludo. 
 
 made 
 
 tacked {inourro) 
 
 his retreat 
 
 . say, him retreat- 
 
 
 from both sides. 
 
 
 ing {regredioY). 
 
 were engaged 
 
 . say, battle was 
 
 formed the pla 
 
 n consilium ineo. 
 
 
 joined with 
 
 mainforce . 
 
 say, greater part 
 of the army. 
 
 
 (committo). 
 
64.] 
 
 VOCABULARY. 
 
 53 
 
 Spanish . . . 
 
 ilispanus. 
 
 eager .... 
 
 acer. 
 
 main .... 
 
 acerrimus. 
 
 open out . . . 
 
 explico. 
 
 / cTmyige front to 
 
 aciem ad dex- 
 
 in close order 
 
 conf erto agmine. 
 
 the right 
 
 tram verto. 
 
 the view was ob- 
 
 sayy conspectus 
 
 since .... 
 
 quod. 
 
 scured by 
 
 non erat prop- 
 
 with fury . . 
 
 acriter. 
 
 
 ter. 
 
 column . . . 
 
 agmen. 
 
 sweeping down . 
 
 impetu facto. 
 
 form .... 
 
 instruo. 
 
 / make prisoners 
 
 capio. 
 
 colonel . . . 
 
 tribunus. 
 
 lancer ... . 
 
 eques. 
 
 up 
 
 use adversus 
 
 knoch aside . . 
 
 decutio. 
 
 
 {adj.). 
 
 hurl from the 
 
 ex equo dejicio. 
 
 reinforce . . . 
 
 succurro. 
 
 saddle 
 
 
 54 
 
 the battle raged 
 
 say, it ivas fought 
 
 {the general) lost 
 
 say, courage 
 
 furiously 
 
 most keenly 
 
 courage 
 
 failed (desum) 
 
 in spite of every 
 
 say, striving hard 
 
 
 {the general). 
 
 effort 
 
 (summa vi 
 
 the retreat to be 
 
 signum receptui 
 
 
 connitor). 
 
 sounded 
 
 dari. 
 
 so fierce was the 
 
 ^^Y,somany{QiQ- 
 
 colonel . . . 
 
 tribunus. 
 
 fire 
 
 ber) weapons 
 
 without orders . 
 
 injussu. 
 
 
 were hurled. 
 
 unbroken . . . 
 
 integer. 
 
 ammunition . . 
 
 tela. 
 
 close masses of . 
 
 confertus (super- 
 
 fail .... 
 
 deficio. 
 
 
 lative). 
 
 place .... 
 
 duco. 
 
 din . . . . 
 
 strepitus. 
 
 volleys . . . 
 
 multitudo jacu ■ 
 
 showers of . . 
 
 densus (super- 
 
 
 lorum. 
 
 
 lative). 
 
 weaken . . . 
 
 frango. 
 
 hold their ground 
 
 resisto. 
 
 crisis .... 
 
 tempus. 
 
 awful carnage . 
 
 maxima caedes. 
 
 
 
 unwounded . . 
 
 incolumis. 
 
 
 
 feld .... 
 
 locus. 
 
 
 
 ^<Tbra"^>v^ 
 
 
 
 / 
 
 OF THE \ 
 
 
 
 1 UNJVERSITir 1 
 
VOCABULARY. 
 
 [55- 
 
 55 
 
 the Dutch . . 
 
 Batavi. 
 
 stop {a danger) . 
 
 occurro. 
 
 dike .... 
 
 agger. 
 
 as far as . . . 
 
 quoad. 
 
 sea-wall . . . 
 
 moles. 
 
 put into . . . 
 
 insero. 
 
 are required . . 
 
 use opus est. 
 
 stop {water) . . 
 
 cohibeo. 
 
 to prevent their 
 
 say, lest they 
 
 and {hoped) . . 
 
 use autem. 
 
 being 
 
 should be 
 
 his cries . . . 
 
 say, him calling. 
 
 in great measure 
 
 magna ex parte. 
 
 countryman . . 
 
 agricola. 
 
 submerge . . . 
 
 inundo. 
 
 happened to come 
 
 use forte. 
 
 greatest {art) 
 
 say, highest. 
 
 dead .... 
 
 exanimis. 
 
 produces the high- 
 
 say, makes the 
 
 stiffness . . . 
 
 rigor. 
 
 est tides 
 
 ««c?es(aestusma- 
 
 the dangerous little 
 
 say, so dangerous 
 
 
 ritimi) greatest. 
 
 stream 
 
 (periculosus)a 
 
 on his return 
 
 say, while he re- 
 
 
 little stream 
 
 
 turns. 
 
 
 (rivulus). 
 
 run out . . . 
 
 effluo. 
 
 for the time . . 
 
 ad praesens, in 
 
 go {nearer) . . 
 
 accedo. 
 
 
 praesentia. 
 
 very {small) . . 
 
 admodum. 
 
 firmness . . . 
 
 constantia. 
 
 hole .... 
 
 foramen. 
 
 the destruction of 
 
 say, it had been 
 
 flow .... 
 
 profluvium. 
 
 all together had 
 
 hindered^ lest 
 
 threatens all with 
 
 say, threatens 
 
 been prevented 
 
 allshouldperish 
 
 ruin 
 
 ruin (exitium) 
 to all. 
 
 
 together (una). 
 
67.] 
 
 VOCABULARY. 
 
 103 
 
 56 
 
 keep shut up . . 
 for many years 
 
 like {those cities) 
 compact . . . 
 building . . . 
 support . . . 
 
 of any length 
 
 reservoir . . 
 draw off . . 
 let in . . . 
 
 coerceo. 
 
 say, of many 
 
 sicut. 
 densus. 
 aedificium. 
 tolero. 
 obsidio. 
 
 say, however 
 
 (quamvis) long. 
 lacus. 
 derive, 
 immitto. 
 
 dry uv , , , 
 bed {of a river) . 
 careless . . . 
 leading to . . 
 
 learn .... 
 
 our authority on 
 the subject 
 
 feast .... 
 
 not ' 
 
 SICCO. 
 
 alveus. 
 
 securus. 
 
 say, by which it 
 
 was gone to. 
 say, have heard 
 
 (accipio). 
 say, the writer 
 
 (auctor) of these 
 
 things (res), 
 epulor. 
 ignarus, with ace, 
 
 and infin. 
 
 57 
 
 rmst fortunately 
 
 peropportune. 
 
 revolutionary 
 
 say, consilia re 
 
 vouchsafed . . 
 
 say, given. 
 
 plans 
 
 rum novanda- 
 
 peace with foreign 
 
 say, foreign (ex- 
 
 
 rum. 
 
 enemies 
 
 ternus) peace. 
 
 fired . . . 
 
 accensus. 
 
 levy .... 
 
 delectus. 
 
 dishonour 
 
 ignominia. 
 
 conceive . . . 
 
 capio. 
 
 raise . . . 
 
 erigo. 
 
 break down . . 
 
 expugno. 
 
 by the fact that 
 
 quod. 
 
 system of usury . 
 
 fenus. 
 
 such . , . as . 
 
 idem . . . quod. 
 
 attention . . . 
 
 animi. 
 
 resign office . 
 
 abdico me dicta- 
 
 heal .... 
 
 sano. 
 
 
 tura. 
 
 at home . . . 
 
 domesticus. 
 
 unpopularity 
 
 invidia. 
 
 for {the contest) . 
 
 in. 
 
 of throwing hi? 
 
 n say, of his chains. 
 
 day and night . 
 
 interdiu noctu- 
 
 into prisons 
 
 
 
 que. 
 
 face . . . 
 
 . sustineo. 
 
 debate .... 
 
 agito. 
 
 
 
104 
 
 VOCABULARY, 
 
 [58- 
 
 58 
 
 encouraged . . 
 embittered . . 
 fact . . . . 
 worked up inde- 
 pendently 
 tell me , . 
 how long . 
 reckon up 
 at any rate 
 your numbers 
 
 man lo man . 
 
 inflatus. 
 
 exacerbatus. 
 
 res. 
 
 accensus per se. 
 
 tandem, 
 quousque. 
 numero. 
 saltern. 
 
 say, how many you 
 yourselves are. 
 singuli singulos. 
 
 / take it . . . 
 tyrannical system 
 as. . . the number 
 
 of 
 attending on . . 
 make a show of . 
 relax .... 
 make a venture . 
 all together . . 
 individually . , 
 gaze .... 
 am false . . . 
 
 credo. 
 
 dominatio. 
 
 quot. 
 
 circa. 
 
 ostendo. 
 
 remitto. 
 
 say, dare. 
 
 universi. 
 
 singuli. 
 
 intueor. 
 
 desum. 
 
 59 
 
 Utter .... 
 
 acerbus. 
 
 from slavery 
 
 say, from being 
 
 harm .... 
 
 detrimentuni. 
 
 
 given over to 
 
 dan^eroui> 
 
 say, worst. 
 
 
 slavery (servi- 
 
 unanimously 
 
 say, all approv- 
 
 
 tuti addico). 
 
 
 ing (adprobo). 
 
 bare . . . . 
 
 nudo. 
 
 appoint . . . 
 
 dico. 
 
 marked . . . 
 
 insignis. 
 
 for his trial . . 
 
 say, for him. 
 
 scar . . . . 
 
 cicatrix. 
 
 declares . . . 
 
 auctor est. 
 
 of battle . . . 
 
 say, received in 
 
 the accused . . 
 
 reus. 
 
 
 battle. 
 
 saved from sale . 
 
 say, prevented 
 
 look towards 
 
 specto. 
 
 
 from being sold 
 
 time of danger . 
 
 discrimen. 
 
 
 (prohibeo, with 
 
 to save . . , 
 
 ad salutem 
 
 
 infin.). 
 
 one and all . . 
 
 singuli universi- 
 
 person . . . 
 
 corpus. 
 
 
 que. 
 
 
 
 gaze upon . . 
 
 intueor. 
 
 
 
 give sentence on . 
 
 judico de. 
 
61.] 
 
 VOCABULARY. 
 
 los 
 
 60 
 
 call up , , 
 
 cito. 
 
 give sentence . . 
 
 judicium facio 
 
 by centuries . . 
 
 centuriatim. 
 
 at once , . . 
 
 idem. 
 
 / give sentence . 
 
 judico. 
 
 memorial . . 
 
 monumentum. 
 
 treason . . . 
 
 perduellio. 
 
 brilliant . . . 
 
 eximius. 
 
 the accused . . 
 
 reus. 
 
 execution . . . 
 
 poena ultima. 
 
 become clear . . 
 
 appareo. 
 
 m^rk of infamy 
 
 nota. 
 
 real .... 
 
 verus. 
 
 place upon . . 
 
 adjicio. 
 
 accusation . . 
 
 crimen. 
 
 of a public nature 
 
 publicus. 
 
 chance . . . 
 
 locus. 
 
 in that . . . 
 
 quod. 
 
 distract . , . 
 
 libero. 
 
 a motion was pro- 
 
 use fero. 
 
 glorious . 
 
 tantus. 
 
 posed 
 
 
 given .... 
 
 prodictus. 
 
 affecting his clan 
 
 gentilicius. 
 
 appoint for . . 
 
 indico in. 
 
 provision was 
 
 U£e caveo. 
 
 view of . . . 
 
 conspectus in. 
 
 made 
 
 
 accusation . . 
 
 crimen. 
 
 henceforth . . 
 
 exinde. 
 
 to be made good 
 
 valere. 
 
 bear the name of 
 
 vocor. 
 
 61 
 
 colonel . • , 
 
 captain . . . 
 relying . . . 
 influence . , . 
 Parliament . , 
 body of advisers 
 worthless . . . 
 a greater lie . . 
 blame .... 
 
 tri- 
 
 praefectus, 
 
 bunus. 
 centurio. 
 fretus. 
 auctoritas. 
 use Senatus. 
 consilium, 
 nequam. 
 say, more false. 
 increpo, incuso. 
 
 think over . . 
 late .... 
 made almost all 
 the concessions 
 take away . . 
 royal power . 
 along with it 
 show • . . . 
 mercy .... 
 
 reputo. 
 recens. 
 
 say, had conceded 
 almost all things. 
 toUo. 
 regnum. 
 una. 
 edo. 
 dementia. 
 
io6 
 
 VOCABULARY. 
 
 [62- 
 
 62 
 
 rank as the Jii'st 
 
 primum pilum 
 
 charge with . . 
 
 objicio (aliquid 
 
 centurion of the 
 
 duco. 
 
 
 alicui). 
 
 legion 
 
 
 abandonment of 
 
 say, place aban- 
 
 in the whole force 
 
 say, in the whole 
 
 a position 
 
 doned. 
 
 of infantry. 
 
 army which 
 
 retreat before the 
 
 say, backs given 
 
 
 earned infan- 
 
 enemy 
 
 to the enemy. 
 
 
 try pay {^edes- 
 
 shameful loss of 
 
 say, standards 
 
 
 tria stipendia 
 
 our standards 
 
 foully (foede) 
 
 
 facio). 
 
 
 lost. 
 
 go straight . . 
 
 pergo. 
 
 right .... 
 
 aequus. 
 
 with your leave . 
 
 si licet, or venia 
 
 get you to . . 
 
 hoc abs te im- 
 
 
 tua. 
 
 
 petro ut. 
 
 present a com- 
 
 aliquid tecum 
 
 cancel .... 
 
 corrigo. 
 
 plaint 
 
 conqueror. 
 
 wipe out . . . 
 
 aboleo. 
 
 as 
 
 quasi. 
 
 wickedness . . 
 
 flagitium. 
 
 guilty .... 
 
 sons. 
 
 mock .... 
 
 eludo. 
 
 cowardice . 
 
 ignavia. 
 
 as though we had 
 
 as {people) to 
 
 plead a cause be- 
 
 causam ago 
 
 
 whom there were. 
 
 fore 
 
 apud. 
 
 try 
 
 experior. 
 
 for my part , . 
 
 equidem. 
 
 invalid . . . 
 
 debilis. 
 
 
 
 cripple . . . 
 
 mancus. 
 
 63 
 
 fold , . . . 
 
 comprimo. 
 
 
 one of public 
 
 publicus. 
 
 whatever the '^tate 
 
 say, however (ut- 
 
 policy 
 
 
 of the case 
 
 cunque) 
 
 the 
 
 regard . . . 
 
 censeo. 
 
 
 thing has itself. 
 
 give a chance 
 
 copiam facio. 
 
 doubt .... 
 
 say, doubt 
 
 con- 
 
 both . . . and 
 
 quum . . . tu 
 
 
 cerning. 
 
 
 offer .... 
 
 defero. 
 
 this .... 
 
 iste. 
 
 
 loreath of laurel 
 
 laurea. 
 
 scheme . . . 
 
 consilium. 
 
 
 triumphant . . 
 
 ovans. 
 
 of your own . . 
 
 tuus. 
 
 
 
 
66.] 
 
 VOCABULARY. 
 
 107 
 
 
 64 
 
 
 under the form . 
 
 species {abl.). 
 
 take vengeance on poenas sumo de. 
 
 encounter . . 
 
 obeo. 
 
 ruin . , 
 
 . pemicies. 
 
 while on the road 
 
 res honestas pe- 
 
 his object ivas to illud petebat ut. 
 
 to virtue 
 enchantments 
 
 tens. 
 magicae artes. 
 
 planted . 
 utter . . 
 
 . consitus. 
 . . edo. 
 
 witch .... 
 named . . . 
 story .... 
 to slay herselj . 
 
 venefica, saga, 
 wse nomen {abl.). 
 res. 
 
 mortem sibi con- 
 scire. 
 
 harmony . 
 entice . . 
 unwary . 
 blandishment 
 
 . . concentus. 
 . . illicio. 
 . . incautus. 
 
 blandimentum. 
 
 protect . . . 
 
 servo. 
 
 delights . 
 
 . . deliciae. 
 
 
 65 
 
 
 the fable narrates 
 
 s&y, it is narrated 
 
 keep . . 
 
 . . detineo. 
 
 
 in the fable. 
 
 allurement 
 
 . . illecebra. 
 
 that he had not set 
 
 say, him having 
 
 lie benumbed 
 
 . torpeo. 
 
 forthlong before 
 
 scarcely set out 
 
 dull sloth . 
 
 . . segnis desidia. 
 
 a. , foe assailed 
 
 a foe assailed. 
 
 rouse . . 
 
 . . excito. 
 
 him 
 
 
 hastening aft 
 
 2r . say, following 
 
 named . . . 
 
 use nomen {abl. ). 
 
 
 quickly. 
 
 curse .... 
 
 maledictum. 
 
 avenge 
 
 . . ulciscor. 
 
 fence .... 
 
 arma. 
 
 accident . 
 
 . . casus. 
 
 parry .... 
 
 elude. 
 
 meet in fight 
 
 . . manus consero. 
 
 skill .... 
 
 ars. 
 
 maybe 
 
 . . fortasse. 
 
 overthrow . . 
 
 dejicio. 
 
 6 
 
 pacify 
 
 6 
 
 . . paco. 
 
 pass through 
 
 obeo. 
 
 pile up 
 
 cumulo. 
 
 come upon . . 
 
 incido in. 
 
 coin . . . 
 
 . nummus. 
 
 filth .... 
 
 sordes. 
 
 precious . 
 
 . pretiosus. 
 
 surprise . . . 
 
 incautum ex- 
 
 phantom . 
 
 . imago. 
 
 
 cipio. 
 
 as it were 
 
 . quasi. 
 
 gloat over . . 
 
 inhio. 
 
 pass by . 
 
 . praetereo. 
 
 heap .... 
 
 acervus. 
 
 rend in pieces 
 
 . discerpo. 
 
 rob 
 
 spolio. 
 
 master 
 
 . supero. 
 
 treasure . . . 
 
 thesaurus. 
 
 lay . . . 
 
 . injicio. 
 
 seduce .... 
 
 seduco. 
 
 gaze , . 
 
 . intueor. 
 
io8 
 
 VOCABULARY. 
 
 [67- 
 
 67 
 
 constancy 
 
 cons tan tia. 
 
 shameful . . 
 
 . foedus. 
 
 go on , . . 
 
 progredior. 
 
 form , . . 
 
 . species. 
 
 difficulty . . 
 
 labor. 
 
 treacherous . 
 
 . perfidus. 
 
 tuitch , . . 
 
 . saga, venefica. 
 
 cautiously 
 
 say, with much 
 
 winning . . 
 
 . blandus. 
 
 
 care. 
 
 dwellers . . 
 
 use relat. sent. 
 
 unawares 
 
 incautus. 
 
 plan . . . 
 
 inceptum. 
 
 destroy . . 
 
 deleo. 
 
 punish 
 
 poenas sumo de. 
 
 all the beauty 
 
 of say, whatever oj 
 
 in spite of 
 
 use quamvis. 
 
 the place 
 
 beautiful there 
 
 witness 
 
 . testimonium. 
 
 
 wasinthe place. 
 
 68 
 
 more .... 
 
 amplius (it need 
 
 wrong .... 
 
 injuria. 
 
 
 not affect the 
 
 receive kindly . 
 
 benigne excipio. 
 
 
 construction). 
 
 make commander 
 
 praeficio. 
 
 craft and strata- 
 
 fraus ac dolus. 
 
 sally .... 
 
 eruptio. 
 
 gem 
 
 
 given his generals 
 
 say, ordered 
 
 cut of. . . . 
 
 abscido. 
 
 orders to that 
 
 (praecipio)^Aa^ 
 
 nose ... 
 
 nasus. 
 
 effect 
 
 to his generals. 
 
 what his intention 
 
 say, what he had 
 
 have more con- 
 
 magis confido. 
 
 was 
 
 in his mind. 
 
 fidence 
 
 
 go over . . . 
 
 transfugio, trans - 
 
 let in , , . . 
 
 admitto. 
 
 
 gredior. 
 
 put to death . . 
 
 neco. 
 
 complain . . . 
 
 conqueror. 
 
 had {destroyed) . 
 
 use curo- 
 
 cruelty . . . 
 
 saevitia. 
 
 as far as . . . 
 
 quoad. 
 
 to ... . 
 
 in. 
 
 load .... 
 
 cumulo. 
 
 should . r . 
 
 use fore ut. 
 
 
 
70.] 
 
 VOCABULARY, 
 
 109 
 
 
 69 
 
 
 from the establish' 
 
 say, of the state 
 
 inveigh against . 
 
 invehor in. 
 
 ment of the state 
 
 established {con- 
 
 powerful . 
 
 gravis. 
 
 
 stituo). 
 
 end .... 
 
 finem facie. 
 
 there is a hot de- 
 
 acriter disputa- 
 
 minister . . . 
 
 say, he who pre- 
 
 bate 
 
 tur. 
 
 
 sides over {^rue- 
 
 Irish .... 
 
 Hibernus. 
 
 
 sum) the Eng- 
 
 Parliament . . 
 
 Senatus. 
 
 
 lish state. 
 
 system of govern' 
 
 rei administran- 
 
 propose to you . 
 
 refero ad vos de. 
 
 ment 
 
 dae ratio. 
 
 abolish . . . 
 
 toUo. 
 
 Orattan . . . 
 
 Grattanus. 
 
 substitute . . 
 
 substituo. 
 
 most devoted pa- 
 
 amantissimus 
 
 body . . . 
 
 ordo. 
 
 triot 
 
 patriae. 
 
 proposition . 
 
 consilium, res. 
 
 House .... 
 
 curia. 
 
 protest . . 
 
 clamo. 
 
 newly .... 
 
 niiper. 
 
 give . . . 
 
 dico. 
 
 as their represen- 
 
 say, to speak in 
 
 dying {testimony) say, testimony of 
 
 tative 
 
 their behalf. 
 
 
 a dying man 
 
 welcomed with in- 
 
 accipior incredi- 
 
 
 (moribundus). 
 
 describable en- 
 
 bili omnium 
 
 
 
 thusiasm 
 
 favore. 
 
 7 
 
 
 
 
 bring before {you) 
 
 refero ad. 
 
 be false . . 
 
 desum. 
 
 it is a question of 
 
 agitatur de. 
 
 ago ... 
 
 abhinc. 
 
 governor . . . 
 
 proconsul. 
 
 win . . . 
 
 vindico. 
 
 extortion . . . 
 
 res repetundae. 
 
 disgrace . . 
 
 dedecus. 
 
 of whatever re- 
 
 say, whatsoever 
 
 epitaph . . 
 
 titulus tumulo 
 
 ligion they may 
 
 religious rites 
 
 
 inscriptus. 
 
 be 
 
 (religio) they 
 
 more glory . 
 
 insignius decus. 
 
 
 may observe 
 
 even the crown 
 
 say, the king him- 
 
 
 (colo). 
 
 cannot give sue 
 
 h self does not 
 
 full franchise . 
 
 jus suffragii et 
 
 honour to th 
 
 e receive such 
 
 
 honorum. 
 
 king himself 
 
 honour even 
 
 decide .... 
 
 dijudico, de- 
 
 
 from the eroion 
 
 
 cerno. 
 
 I 
 
 (regnum). 
 
VOCABULARY. 
 
 [n- 
 
 71 
 
 plunder . . 
 
 . ^ compilo. 
 
 on pain of death 
 
 say, the extreme 
 
 Egyptian . . 
 
 . Aegyptius. 
 
 
 penalty (ulti- 
 
 festival . . 
 
 festus dies. 
 
 
 mum suppli- 
 
 at times . . 
 
 . interdum. 
 
 
 cmTn)beingheld 
 
 in the shape . 
 
 . forma, use simple 
 
 
 before them 
 
 
 abl. 
 
 
 (propono). 
 
 caJf . . . 
 
 vitulus. 
 
 7iot very long 
 
 non ita multo. 
 
 discern . . 
 
 dignosco. 
 
 madness . . . 
 
 furor. 
 
 mark . . . 
 
 . nota. 
 
 which made him. 
 
 say, urged (con- 
 
 bewail . , . 
 
 conqueror. 
 
 kill 
 
 cito) by which 
 
 had scourged 
 
 . say, ordered to be 
 
 
 he killed. 
 
 
 scourged. 
 
 sheath .... 
 
 vagina. 
 
 ordered . . 
 
 . use veto. 
 
 thigh .... 
 
 femur. 
 
 72 
 
 Mandalay . 
 
 Mandalae. 
 
 of silver , . . 
 
 argenteus. 
 
 Theebaw . . 
 
 Thebavus. 
 
 bring in , , . 
 
 introduco. 
 
 palace . . 
 
 regia. 
 
 a discussion began 
 
 say, it was begun 
 
 defend . . 
 
 firmo. 
 
 
 to be discussed 
 
 sentry . . . . 
 
 custodia. 
 
 
 (ago). 
 
 the request was 
 
 use postulo. 
 
 take ( =s convey) 
 
 veho. 
 
 made 
 
 
 Rangoon . . . 
 
 Rangona. 
 
 woman-servant 
 
 ancilla. 
 
 cart .... 
 
 carrus. 
 
 distinguish . 
 
 dignosco. 
 
 care nothing . . 
 
 nihil moror. 
 
 any . . 
 
 quilibet. 
 
 sacrilege . . . 
 
 nefas. 
 
 turn out . 
 
 evenio. 
 
 out of doors 
 
 foris. 
 
 differently from 
 
 . aliter atque. 
 
 very {few) . . 
 
 admodum. 
 
 of low rank . 
 
 sordidus. 
 
 cruel .... 
 
 immanis. 
 
 plunder . . 
 
 diripio. 
 
 dethrone . . . 
 
 regno pello, 
 
 vessel , , 
 
 vas. 
 
 
 spoHo, 
 
 of earthenware 
 
 fictilis. 
 
 
 
74.] 
 
 VOCABULARY. 
 
 73 
 
 Scythians . . 
 habits .... 
 way of living 
 on foot . . . 
 on horseback . . 
 battle-axe . . . 
 as their favourite 
 
 weapon 
 they also . . . 
 sacrifice . . . 
 worn-out . . . 
 old age . . . 
 
 Scythae. 
 
 cultus [sing.). 
 
 victus. 
 
 pedibus. 
 
 ex equis. 
 
 securis. 
 
 potissimum. 
 
 use idem, 
 macto. 
 confectus. 
 senium, or simply 
 
 aetas, explained 
 
 by context. 
 
 death .... 
 a great misfortune 
 
 they did not know 
 
 how to till the 
 
 ground, but 
 
 sacrifice ( = victim) 
 
 learn .... 
 
 crest .... 
 representation . 
 chalk .... 
 in England . . 
 
 say, to die. 
 
 say, most unfor- 
 tunate. 
 
 say, being ignor- 
 ant {ignsiras) of 
 agriculture. 
 
 victima. 
 
 say, have heard 
 (accipio). 
 
 insigne. 
 
 simulacrum. 
 
 creta. 
 
 say, of England 
 (Anglia). 
 
 74 
 
 northern . . . 
 
 ad septentri 
 versus. 
 
 ones 
 
 release , . 
 
 . 6 vinculis libero, 
 eximo. 
 
 Irish conspiracy 
 
 say, conspiracy of 
 
 trouble . . 
 
 . seditio, tumul- 
 
 
 the Irish 
 
 (Hi- 
 
 
 tus. 
 
 
 bernus). 
 
 
 escort . . . 
 
 . praesidium. 
 
 venture on . . 
 
 molior. 
 
 
 inside . . . 
 
 . S3iy finthe interior 
 
 rescue .... 
 
 eripio. 
 
 
 
 part. 
 
 prison . . . 
 
 vincula. 
 
 
 carriage . . 
 
 carrus. 
 
 form {the j^lan) . 
 
 ineo. 
 
 
 dart . . . 
 
 . prosilio. 
 
 intercept . . . 
 
 intercipio. 
 
 
 raise . . . 
 
 . toUo. 
 
 van .... 
 
 vehiculum. 
 
 
 rein in . . 
 
 . frenis cohibeo 
 
 overpower . . 
 
 opprimo. 
 
 
 
 reprimo. 
 
 by armed force , 
 
 vi et armis. 
 
 
 frame . . . 
 unarmed . , 
 
 corpus, robur. 
 . inermis. 
 
VOCABULARY. 
 
 [75- 
 
 75 
 
 rescuers . . . 
 
 turn by re 
 
 lative 
 
 discharge 
 
 . emitto. 
 
 
 sentence 
 
 with 
 
 event . . . 
 
 . res. 
 
 
 eripio. 
 
 
 hey ... 
 
 clavis. 
 
 hammer . . . 
 
 malleus. 
 
 
 duty . , . 
 
 officium. 
 
 crowbar . . . 
 
 vectis. 
 
 
 assailants 
 
 . turn by relative 
 
 hew open . 
 
 rescindo. 
 
 
 
 sentence. 
 
 van .... 
 
 vehiculum. 
 
 
 bend down . 
 
 . se inclinare. 
 
 waste .... 
 
 consumo. 
 
 
 hole c . . 
 
 . foramen. 
 
 a struggle began 
 
 use verb imper- 
 
 was going on 
 
 use ago {pass. ). 
 
 
 sonally. 
 
 
 shoot . . . 
 
 . telum immitto. 
 
 conspirators . . 
 
 conjuratus. 
 
 
 lifeless . . 
 
 exanimis. 
 
 form aring round 
 
 say, surround the 
 
 hand out . . 
 
 . trado. 
 
 the van . . . 
 
 van with a 
 (orbis). 
 
 ring 
 
 
 
 76 
 
 three campaigns 
 
 use ter. 
 
 
 turban , . . 
 
 mitra. 
 
 Afghan . 
 
 Arianus. 
 
 
 utter aloudprayer 
 
 edopreces magna 
 
 story , . . 
 
 res 
 
 
 
 voce. 
 
 show . . . 
 
 doceo. 
 
 
 encounter . . 
 
 obeo. 
 
 officer . . 
 
 praefectus. 
 
 
 steady . . . 
 
 immotus. 
 
 slight . . . 
 
 tenuis. 
 
 
 takeoff . . . 
 
 exuo. 
 
 brushwood 
 
 virgulta. 
 
 
 Paradise . . . 
 
 say, the Elysian 
 
 gun ... 
 
 tormentum. 
 
 
 
 fields. 
 
 opposite . . 
 
 ad versus {adj.). 
 
 till then . 
 
 adhuc. 
 
 edge . . . 
 
 margo. 
 
 
 remain silent 
 
 taceo. 
 
 grey-headed . 
 
 say, of 
 
 grey 
 
 to fire .... 
 
 tela emittere. 
 
 
 (canus) hairs. 
 
 destroy , , . 
 
 deleo. 
 
78.] 
 
 VOCABULAKY. 
 
 "3 
 
 77 
 
 occasionally 
 
 , nonnunquam. 
 
 quarrelled 
 
 . say, Jought. 
 
 ride 
 
 equo vehor. 
 
 recover . . • 
 
 vires recipio. 
 
 London . 
 
 Londinium. 
 
 crawl . . . 
 
 repo. 
 
 distant 
 
 . longinquus. 
 
 wounded . . 
 
 saucius. 
 
 favourite . 
 
 . say, well beloved 
 
 entice away . 
 
 elicio. 
 
 
 (place after 
 
 St. Alban's . 
 
 Verulamium 
 
 
 dog). 
 
 avenge . . 
 
 ulciscor. 
 
 inn . . . 
 
 . . caupona. 
 
 wrong . . . 
 
 injuria. 
 
 landlord . 
 
 . . caupo. 
 
 
 
 78 
 
 relation . . 
 
 necessarius. 
 
 close to , , . 
 
 juxta. 
 
 devote oneself 
 
 operam do. 
 
 start .... 
 
 emitto. 
 
 feast . . . 
 
 epulae. 
 
 ride ... 
 
 equito. 
 
 revelry . . 
 
 comissatio. 
 
 in proportion to 
 
 pro. 
 
 cost . . . 
 
 sumptus. 
 
 buy at a high price 
 
 impenso pr 
 
 defray . . 
 
 suppedito. 
 
 
 parare. 
 
 property . . 
 
 patrimonium. 
 
 then and not till 
 
 turn demum. 
 
 the {richer). . Ah 
 
 e quo . . . eo. 
 
 then 
 
 
 [longer) 
 
 
 bum {a body) . 
 
 cremo. 
 
 feast . . . 
 
 epulor. 
 
 embalm . . . 
 
 condio. 
 
 some (months) 
 
 aliquot. 
 
 decompose . . 
 
 putresco. 
 
 spend . . . 
 
 consumo. 
 
 
 
114 
 
 VOCABULARY. 
 
 [79- 
 
 the Jight raged 
 with fury 
 
 march round 
 
 say, it was being 
 fought most 
 keenly (acriter). 
 
 legio. 
 
 circumvenio. 
 
 say, which being 
 seen, or done. 
 
 79 
 
 dragoon . . 
 auxiliaries . 
 charge , . 
 
 at a trot . . 
 increasing their 
 
 speed 
 squadron 
 bear down upon 
 edge . . . 
 descending . 
 steep chasm . 
 at a distance 
 square . . 
 open fire . . 
 
 attack .... 
 bring the question 
 
 of, etc., before 
 
 the senate 
 House .... 
 the act . . . 
 to be inconsistent 
 
 with 
 principles . . 
 wait for • . • 
 
 auxilia. 
 
 irruo, impetum 
 
 facio in. 
 leni cursu. 
 say, equis citatis. 
 
 turma. 
 
 immitto me iii. 
 ripa. 
 
 demissus. 
 praerupta vallis. 
 e longinquo. 
 globus, 
 tela conjicio. 
 
 invehor in. 
 refero ad s( 
 turn de. 
 
 ordo. 
 id quod, 
 abhorrere a. 
 
 mores, 
 exspecto. 
 
 trained , . . 
 warfare . . . 
 
 rein up , . . 
 
 plunge down . . 
 
 roll over . . . 
 entangle . . . 
 confusion . . . 
 survivor . 
 rally .... 
 dash through 
 utmost . . . 
 rush .... 
 as best they could 
 
 upon .... 
 Spanish . . . 
 outflank . . . 
 
 8o 
 
 notice .... 
 
 authoritative ut- 
 terance 
 
 high-principled . 
 perfect . . . 
 laid violent hands 
 
 exercitatus. 
 res militaris, 
 
 militia, 
 adduco, premo 
 
 habenas. 
 me demitto, 
 
 praecipito. 
 provolvo. 
 implico. 
 tumultus. 
 superstes. 
 cohortor. 
 perrumpo. 
 summus. 
 concursus. 
 quocunque modo 
 
 poterant. 
 ad. 
 
 Hispanus. 
 circumvenio. 
 
 sentio, animad- 
 
 verto. 
 say, auctoritas of 
 
 them speaking. 
 say, wish of them 
 
 silent, 
 say, best, 
 say, best. 
 say, laid (infero) 
 
 violence and 
 
 hands. 
 
82.] 
 
 VOCABULARY. 
 
 115 
 
 81 
 
 the project 
 
 was say, it was begun 
 
 entertainment . 
 
 acrpasis. 
 
 started 
 
 to be discussed 
 
 declare . . . 
 
 clamo, or use 
 
 
 (ago). 
 
 
 nego. 
 
 confiscate . 
 
 . . publico. 
 
 in ancient times 
 
 antiquitus, adv. 
 
 land . . 
 
 . . ager. 
 
 individual . . 
 
 privatus. 
 
 for this . 
 
 . . ideo. 
 
 plunder . . . 
 
 diripio. 
 
 hy the State 
 
 . . publice. 
 
 contribute . . 
 
 confero. 
 
 education 
 
 . . use erudio. 
 
 purpose . . . 
 
 usus. 
 
 relief . . 
 
 . . use sublevo. 
 
 each separate per- 
 
 unusquisque. 
 
 in a word 
 
 . . denique. 
 
 son 
 
 
 advantage 
 
 . . commodum. 
 
 each measure 
 
 say, each {thing) 
 
 all together 
 
 . . universi, cuncti. 
 
 would be unjust 
 
 by wrong (in- 
 
 pride . . 
 
 . . superbia. 
 
 
 juria). 
 
 Pontiff . 
 
 . . pontifex. 
 
 of others . . . 
 
 alienus, adj. 
 
 position . 
 
 . . dignitas. 
 
 
 
 strange . . . 
 
 inusitatus. 
 
 tiger .... 
 
 tigris. 
 
 pride myself on 
 
 jacto me in. 
 
 made furious 
 
 accensus. 
 
 had {him brought) 
 
 use jubeo. 
 
 madness . . . 
 
 rabies. 
 
 crowded . . . 
 
 frequens. 
 
 he was certain to 
 
 say, without doubt 
 
 the proclamation 
 
 say, it was pro- 
 
 be torn 
 
 hewouldbetom. 
 
 went out 
 
 claimed {edico) . 
 
 savage . . . 
 
 saevus. 
 
 tear in pieces 
 
 lanio. 
 
 marry . . . 
 
 duco uxorem. 
 
 ordinary . . . 
 
 solitus. 
 
 now .... 
 
 autem. 
 
 decide .... 
 
 dijudico. 
 
 of low birth . . 
 
 say, born in an 
 
 guilty .... 
 
 noxius. 
 
 
 ignoble station 
 
 innocent , . . 
 
 insons. 
 
 
 (locus). 
 
 empty .... 
 
 vacuus. 
 
 presence . • • 
 
 forma. 
 
 end .... 
 
 latus. 
 
 discover . . . 
 
 comperio. 
 
 surpassing . . 
 
 praestans. 
 
 trial .... 
 
 judicium. 
 
ii6 
 
 VOCABULARY, 
 
 [83- 
 
 
 83 
 
 
 appoint . . . 
 
 dico. 
 
 imagine ! . . 
 
 animo fingo. 
 
 city . . 
 
 
 
 say, citizens. 
 
 agony .... 
 
 angor. 
 
 assemble . 
 
 
 
 se aggregare. 
 
 tear in pieces 
 
 lanio. 
 
 throne 
 
 
 
 solium. 
 
 forever , . . 
 
 in aetemum. 
 
 saliUe . . 
 
 
 
 saluto. 
 
 point to the right 
 
 say, showtheright 
 
 guess . . 
 
 
 
 conjecturacapio. 
 
 
 {hand) door. 
 
 with a look 
 
 
 
 say, with eyes. 
 
 straight . . . 
 
 recta. 
 
 tell, . . 
 
 
 
 significo. 
 
 excitement . . 
 
 perturbatio. 
 
 without hesitation 
 
 nihil moratus. 
 
 vain enough . . 
 
 say, of so boastful 
 
 point to . , . 
 
 say, show (mon- 
 
 
 (vanus, glorio- 
 
 
 stro) with the 
 
 
 sus) a mind. 
 
 
 ^Tigrer (digitus). 
 
 decision . . . 
 
 judicium. 
 
 
 84 
 
 
 minister . . . 
 
 say, consul. 
 
 for the time . . 
 
 ad temp us. 
 
 if the point were 
 
 say, if that only 
 
 do our very best 
 
 say, defend the 
 
 merely the ex- 
 
 were being dealt 
 
 for the cou7itry 
 
 state (res pub- 
 
 tension of the 
 
 with (ago) that 
 
 
 lica) loith our 
 
 suffrage 
 
 the suffrage 
 
 
 whole strength. 
 
 
 should be given 
 
 on one side . . . on 
 
 hinc . . . illinc. 
 
 
 to more {men). 
 
 another 
 
 
 a difference of 
 
 say, that other 
 
 fanatic tribes 
 
 say, tribes (natio) 
 
 opinion 
 
 men should think 
 
 
 urged on (incito) 
 
 
 (sentio) other 
 
 
 by religion. 
 
 
 things. 
 
 power .... 
 
 say, state. 
 
 things are in such 
 
 say, the thing has 
 
 not too friendly 
 
 minus amicus. 
 
 a state 
 
 itself so (ita). 
 
 conspiracy . . 
 
 conjuratio. 
 
 imperil . . . 
 
 say, bring (ad- 
 
 building . . . 
 
 aedificium. 
 
 
 duco) into the 
 
 destruction . . 
 
 ruinae. 
 
 
 highest danger 
 
 crowded . . . 
 
 frequens. 
 
 
 (discrimen). 
 
 quarter {of a city) 
 
 regio. 
 
 for my part . 
 
 quidem. 
 
 party .... 
 
 partes. 
 
 internal quarrels 
 
 internae, intesti- 
 
 patriotism , . 
 
 say, country. 
 
 
 
 
 nae discordiae. 
 
 
 
86.] VOCABULAR Y. 117 
 
 PART III. 
 85 
 
 Say — Harold thus replied to the ambassadors of the Normans, that he 
 was not held by the oath {jusjurandum) thrown in his teeth {objicio), since 
 he had made it {quippe qui, or simply, qui ; juro, accipio) on that account 
 {ideo) because not without cause he feared violence ; then {deinde) that he 
 should offer the kingship (regnum) to the duke of the Normans, had been 
 committed [mando) to him neither by the English {Anglicanus) people nor 
 by the king, but {vero) that these only had the power {potestas) of tender- 
 ing {defero) the kingship ; and if {quod si) he himself, as a private (person), 
 had assumed {adrogo) so much to himself as to promise, however 
 willingly {quamvis lihenter), that he would help (ac?swm, /aveo) the candida- 
 ture [petitio) of the duke, that it was his duty (use oportet) to break so 
 unjust {iniquus) an oath at the first opportunity {primum qaodque tempus) ; 
 that he, having been made {creo) king by the vote {suffragium) of the 
 whole people, would be most unworthy of so great a favour (benejicium), 
 unless with all his powers he defended that liberty of the citizens which 
 they had intrusted {commendo) to him to be protected {tueor); accordingly 
 {proinde), if the duke tried {experior) arms, he would at the same time 
 {eundem) experience (experior) the force of a most unanimous (concors) 
 nation, with a prince for general, who, not ignorant (ignarus) what 
 things became {decet) a king, had determined that there should be the 
 same end of (his) life and rule. 
 
Ii8 
 
 VOCABULARY. 
 
 186- 
 
 86 
 
 Say — Presence of mind {praesentia animi) did not fail {desum) Cortes at 
 this crisis {tempus, discrimen). He called his men together, and declared to 
 them, with the voice of one persuading rather than of one commanding, 
 that, having with his eyes made examination {investigatio) of the ships of 
 what sort they were, he had decided {judico) that they were useless for 
 sailing. If he had ordered them to be sunk {suhmergo), they must 
 remember that thing also, that the loss {jactura) was greatest to himself, 
 to whom, indeed, there was no other property anywhere, except those 
 ships. On the other hand {contra) , this calamity would greatly benefit 
 {prosum) the army, because a hundred youths of sturdy {rohustus) body 
 were added to it, by whom the business of the ships (res navalis) had 
 before to be managed {administrOy gero). But even if the fleet had been 
 saved, it could have little benefited this expedition {iter) ; for there would 
 be no need of it if fortune were favourable {secundus); but if it were 
 unfavourable {adversiis) to them, having gone too far {use comparative) 
 into the innermost districts, the ships would be for no assistance. 
 
 87 
 
 to turn their 
 thoughts in an- 
 other direction 
 
 to he calculating 
 chances and 
 means of escape 
 
 souls .... 
 
 say, to thinh over 
 (agito, verso) 
 other things in 
 the mind. 
 
 say, casus rerum 
 expendere mo- 
 dumque f ugae 
 meditari. 
 
 say, men. 
 
 they had set their say, the thing had 
 hands to the been begun, 
 work 
 
 to lookback as they say, it would be for 
 advanced would a destruction 
 
 be their ruin 
 
 (exitium) to 
 {them) advanc- 
 ing to lookback- 
 wards (retror- 
 sum) always. 
 
88.] 
 
 VOCABULARY. 
 
 119 
 
 they had only to 
 
 say, if only, what 
 
 so craven . . . 
 
 say, of so timid 
 
 resume their 
 
 confidence i^des) 
 
 
 a mind. 
 
 former confi- 
 
 they had before 
 
 as to shrink from 
 
 say, that they are 
 
 dence in them- 
 
 in themselves 
 
 sharing the dan- 
 
 unwilling to ex- 
 
 selves and their 
 
 (dat.) and their 
 
 gers of our glori- 
 
 pose (objicio) 
 
 general^ and 
 
 general, thatthey 
 
 ous enterprise 
 
 themselves ivith 
 
 success was cer- 
 
 again took wp 
 
 
 us to the dan- 
 
 tain 
 
 (resumo), ^^ere- 
 
 
 gers of so great 
 
 
 svXt (eventus) 
 
 
 a work, or to he 
 
 
 would he without 
 
 
 partners (par- 
 
 
 doubt (sine du- 
 
 
 ticeps) of our 
 
 
 bio) fortunate 
 
 
 danger in so 
 
 
 (felix). 
 
 
 great a work. 
 
 **a^ for we," he 
 
 say, finally, **/ 
 
 in God's name . 
 
 say, by the im- 
 
 concluded 
 
 indeed," he said. 
 
 ' 
 
 mortal gods. 
 
 part .... 
 
 partes. 
 
 patiently . . . 
 
 cum patientia. 
 
 there is one to hear 
 
 say, one will he 
 
 Aztecs .... 
 
 Azteci. 
 
 me company 
 
 with me, or will 
 be a companion 
 to me. 
 
 
 
 88 
 
 Say — Montezuma asked many things of the men about the country of the 
 Spaniards, about the king, in what way he managed {administro, gero) the 
 state, especially about themselves, for what reason they had come to the 
 land of Anahuac {Anahiiacus). To him asking Cortes brought forward 
 [profero) (as) reason {causa) that they had desired to see so famous a 
 monarch, and to declare to him that true method {ratio) of divine things 
 which the Christians observed {colo, observo). Truly {sane) he was a man 
 of wonderful prudence, to whom this hint {moniiio) alone seemed to be 
 sufficient for the present {in praesens); which he was going to permit 
 to ripen {maturesco), as it were, in the Emperor's mind before they should 
 come to another conference {colloquium). Then the Emperor asked 
 whether those men with the white face, who, in the former year, had 
 landed {naves appello) on the shores of his realm which looked towards 
 the east, were their fellow-countrymen {civis). 
 
I20 
 
 VOCABULARY. 
 
 [89- 
 
 89 
 
 to he well-informed 
 proceedings . . 
 from their arrival 
 
 information of 
 which had been 
 regularly trans- 
 mitted to him 
 
 in the hierogly- 
 phical paintings 
 
 was curious . 
 
 rank .... 
 in their own coun- 
 try 
 
 inquiring . . 
 
 of accurate audio. 
 
 things done hy. 
 
 use ex quo, with 
 verb. 
 
 say, which had 
 been daily an- 
 nx)uncedtohim. 
 
 say, by pictures 
 {T^ictuva,) drawn 
 (describo) on 
 tablets (tabula) 
 in the sacred 
 manner. 
 
 say, desired to 
 learn, or use 
 percontor. 
 
 dignitas. 
 
 among their fel- 
 low-citizens 
 (civis). 
 
 say, and inquired. 
 
 kinsmen . , . 
 
 were kinsmen of 
 
 one another 
 
 were subjects 
 
 held them all in 
 pecidiar esti- 
 mation 
 
 made himself ac- 
 quainted 
 
 with the nximes of 
 the principal 
 cavaliers, and 
 the positionthey 
 occupied in the 
 army 
 
 consangumei. 
 
 say, were 
 
 to one another 
 (inter se) by 
 
 (consanguini- 
 
 tas). 
 say, were tinder 
 
 the sway {ditio). 
 say, estimated 
 
 them all at a 
 
 very high price. 
 cognosce. 
 
 say, what name 
 there was to 
 each first man 
 of the nobles, 
 what rank {grsi- 
 dus) in the 
 army. 
 
 90 
 
 was one of the first 
 
 that fell 
 made the greatest 
 
 efforts 
 
 thinned in num- 
 bers 
 
 say, falls among 
 (in) the first. 
 
 say, strives with 
 the highest vio- 
 lence (vis). 
 
 say, these, {their) 
 number having 
 been 
 (imminuo). 
 
 exhaust , . , 
 
 fatigue 
 
 this noble band 
 
 within 
 
 conficio. 
 
 lassitudo. 
 
 say, when they 
 had shown 
 (praebeo) them- 
 selves most sur- 
 passing (prae- 
 stans) invalour, 
 
 in. 
 
91.] 
 
 VOCABULARY. 
 
 pass .... 
 
 fauces. 
 
 their lives were 
 
 say, life having 
 
 seat oneself . . 
 
 consido. 
 
 spared 
 
 been granted. 
 
 hillock . . . 
 
 tumulus. 
 
 the surviving 
 
 say, the few who 
 
 behind . . . 
 
 u^e intra. 
 
 heroes 
 
 alone were left 
 
 detachment . . 
 
 say, forces. 
 
 
 of so many very 
 
 south . . : . 
 
 meridies. 
 
 
 brave men. 
 
 seized the oppor- 
 
 say, using the op- 
 
 tuere now sur- 
 
 say, surrounded 
 
 tunity of beg- 
 
 portunityj pray 
 
 rounded . . . and 
 
 . . . they kill. 
 
 ging quarter 
 
 that they maybe 
 
 killed 
 
 
 
 spared. 
 
 overwhelm . . 
 
 obruo. 
 
 proclaiming that 
 
 say, they call out 
 
 a shower of . . 
 
 omit. 
 
 
 that. 
 
 to a man . , . 
 
 say, all to one 
 [man). 
 
 consented to serve 
 the government 
 
 he induced or com- 
 pelled the easy- 
 going citizens to 
 enlist 
 
 a force of . . 
 he managed to slip 
 through 
 
 91 
 
 say, did not re- 
 fuse (denego) 
 his service (ofii- 
 cium) to the 
 chief men (pri- 
 mores) of the 
 state. 
 
 say, persuaded 
 the citizens de- 
 sirous of leisure 
 (otium) to give 
 their names, 
 compelled the 
 unwilling. 
 
 omit. 
 
 say, secretly 
 
 (clam) slipped 
 out (elabor) be- 
 tween. 
 
 Tunis .... 
 
 by his strict dis- 
 cipline, by his 
 energy, and by 
 his influence 
 with the Numi- 
 dian chiefs 
 
 pitched battle 
 
 overrun . 
 
 recover 
 
 revolt .... 
 
 saved others which 
 
 were 
 
 sieged 
 
 Tunes. 
 
 say, using stern- 
 ness (severitas), 
 energy (alacri- 
 tas), {his) very 
 great influence 
 (gratia) with 
 (apud) the chiefs 
 of the Numidi- 
 ans. 
 
 acies. 
 
 pervagor. 
 
 recupero. 
 
 deficio. 
 
 say, released (ex- 
 imo) othersfrom 
 siege (obsidio). 
 
 Or 
 
122 
 
 VOCABULARY. 
 
 [92- 
 
 
 92 
 
 
 710^ to consult 
 
 nihil consulere. 
 
 he was urging on 
 
 say, him urging 
 
 ride out . . . 
 
 evehor. 
 
 the fight when 
 
 on (cieo) the 
 
 full force of sabres 
 
 say, all his squad- 
 
 the M. charged 
 
 fight the M. 
 
 
 rons of cavalry. 
 
 
 charged[i^Qicmit' 
 
 forced to give way 
 
 submoveo. 
 
 
 to equum in). 
 
 used her power . 
 
 exerceo opes. 
 
 ivith lance in rest 
 
 infesta cuspide. 
 
 worh — cause . . 
 
 use edo for both 
 
 thrust .... 
 
 ictus. 
 
 
 work and csLVLse. 
 
 fling .... 
 
 praecipito. 
 
 havoc .... 
 
 clades. 
 
 lifeless . . . 
 
 exanimis. 
 
 chafing . . . 
 
 aegre patior. 
 
 shoch .... 
 
 percello. 
 
 entire repulse . 
 
 wsefundorfugor- 
 
 as is the general 
 
 ut fit. 
 
 
 que. 
 
 rule 
 
 
 ride .... 
 
 adeQuito. 
 
 so much as . 
 
 magis quam. 
 exasperatus. 
 
 with cheers and 
 
 use gerund. 
 
 infuriated . . 
 
 entreaties 
 
 
 ride .... 
 
 invehor. 
 
 renew .... 
 
 itero, redintegro. 
 
 blindly . . . 
 
 temere. 
 
 
 
 every hand 7iear 
 
 say, all who were 
 around. 
 
 
 
 showered . . . 
 
 conjicio. 
 
 93 
 
 especial . . . 
 tore .... 
 a Utile more and 
 
 sprung to the 
 ground 
 
 the lines thus sud- 
 denly formed 
 
 use nee 
 
 praecipuus. 
 detraho, 
 
 multum 
 quin. 
 descendo ad 
 
 pedes, 
 et repentina 
 acies. 
 
 fight on foot . . 
 
 beyond a doubt . 
 to be superior . 
 recover . . . 
 
 in 
 
 it was vain to 
 
 while 
 
 pedestre proe- 
 
 lium ineo. 
 haud dubie. 
 superesse. 
 recupero. 
 per. 
 say, was defended 
 
 in vain, 
 omit. 
 
94.] 
 
 VOCABULARY. 
 
 123 
 
 94 
 
 the lawgiver . 
 
 we have nothing to 
 
 relate 
 uncontroverted . 
 there are different 
 
 accounts 
 
 travel .... 
 
 form of govern- 
 ment 
 
 are the times 
 agreed upon 
 
 this great man . 
 
 he flourished at the 
 same time as 
 Iphitus, and 
 joined with him 
 
 cessation of a7^ms 
 during the Olym- 
 pic games 
 among these is 
 Aristotle . . . 
 who 
 
 say, who wrote 
 laws for the 
 Lacedaemonians. 
 say simply, we 
 
 have nothing. 
 confirmatus. 
 say, other men 
 
 have handed 
 
 down other 
 
 things. 
 peregrinatio. 
 res publica. 
 
 say, do they agree 
 (consentio, or 
 use constat) 
 aboiit the age 
 (aetas). 
 
 ille. 
 
 say, that being a 
 contemporary 
 (aequalis) to 
 Iphitus, with 
 the same man 
 he settled. 
 
 induciae. 
 
 say, at the time of 
 the Olympia. 
 
 say, among whom 
 Aristoteles. 
 
 alleges for proof 
 
 quoit .... 
 
 on which was pre- 
 served the in- 
 scription of 
 
 compute . . . 
 
 succession . . 
 
 place him much 
 earlier 
 
 suppose . . . 
 that, as there were 
 
 at different times 
 
 the actions of both 
 are ascribed to 
 one on account 
 of his particu- 
 lar renown 
 
 and 
 
 affero. 
 
 discus. 
 
 say, inscribed on 
 which was pre- 
 served. 
 
 describe. 
 
 ordo. 
 
 say, give it as 
 their opinion 
 {cen^eo) thathe 
 was by much 
 more ancient, 
 
 lingo, suspicor. 
 
 say, that there 
 were (exsisto). 
 
 say, the other 
 (alter) at an- 
 other (alter) 
 time. 
 
 say, of whom, 
 since the one 
 was much more 
 surpassing 
 (praestans) iii 
 fame, to him 
 alone the things 
 done (res ges- 
 tae) by both are 
 ascribed, 
 
 autem. 
 
124 
 
 VOCABULARY. 
 
 [95 
 
 95 
 
 invest .... 
 
 'place. .... 
 
 Colonel Monro, 
 
 the governor 
 
 telling him he 
 thought himself 
 obliged in hu- 
 manity 
 
 provoke , . . 
 the great number 
 
 in the French 
 army 
 
 by a vain resist- 
 ance 
 
 a detachment 
 
 restrain . . . 
 and oblige them 
 
 observe . . . 
 as none of them 
 
 hitherto , . . 
 
 your persisting in 
 the defence of 
 your fort can 
 only retard its 
 fate a few days 
 
 circumsideo. 
 
 say, castra. 
 
 Monrovius lega- 
 tus, or simply, 
 legatus. 
 
 say, that he, con- 
 sidering (pro) 
 his clemency and 
 humanity, de- 
 sired (postulo). 
 
 exacerbo. 
 
 say, so great a 
 multitude. 
 
 say, who were 
 with the Gauls. 
 
 say, by resisting 
 in vain. 
 
 pars [continue 
 orat. obi.). 
 
 cohibeo. 
 
 say, by obliging 
 them. 
 
 conservo. 
 
 use quippe qui 
 and nemo iii 
 the singular, 
 
 usque eo. 
 
 say, but if (quod 
 si) he preferred 
 (antepono) all 
 things to a sur- 
 render, yet{sit) 
 the camp could 
 only be defend- 
 ed a few days. 
 
 and must of neces- 
 sity expose an 
 unfortunate 
 garrison 
 
 ivho can possibly 
 receive no relief 
 
 considering the 
 precautions ta- 
 ken to prevent it 
 
 decisive . . , 
 the Sieur de Funt- 
 
 brune 
 aide-de-camp 
 you Tnay credit 
 what he will in- 
 form you of 
 
 at the same time 
 the garrison, so 
 many most un- 
 fortunate men, 
 were being 
 
 brought (ad- 
 duce) into the 
 highest danger 
 (discrimen). 
 
 use passive of 
 subvenio. 
 
 say, about ivhich 
 thing (res) he 
 himself had 
 sufficiently pro- 
 vided. 
 
 certus. 
 
 omit. 
 
 legatus. 
 
 what he has said', 
 in those things 
 the greatest trust 
 might be placed 
 (fidem habeo, 
 with dat,). 
 from Montcalm Signature to a 
 letter. Omit in 
 orat. obi. If the 
 actual words are 
 quoted, it will 
 comeatthebegin- 
 ning, Moncal- 
 mius Anglorum 
 legato S. D. 
 
96.] 
 
 VOCABULARY. 
 
 125 
 
 96 
 
 meet .... 
 parcel .... 
 school .... 
 before I was a ware 
 a poor defence 
 against 
 
 avoid receiving . 
 
 blow ..... 
 one of which 
 brought me 
 
 senseless . . . 
 
 proposed making 
 what he called 
 rare sport with 
 me 
 
 this sport was to 
 tiemeto aboard, 
 and launching 
 me on a pond, 
 to set some dog 
 at me 
 
 occurro. 
 turba. 
 schola. 
 incautus. 
 say, for too little 
 a protection 
 (praesidium) 
 against, 
 use facere non 
 
 possum quin. 
 ictus. 
 
 say, by one of 
 
 which I was 
 
 flung down. 
 
 exanimis. 
 
 sdij, proposedthat 
 
 thing, that I 
 
 should be made 
 
 for a wonderful 
 
 mockery (mirum 
 
 ludibrium), as 
 
 he said (quod 
 
 dicebat). 
 
 say, that is to say 
 
 (scilicet), let 
 
 them harass 
 
 {YQHO'yUsetense 
 
 ofOr.Obl.)with 
 
 dogs me tied 
 
 luere to duck and 
 half drown me 
 
 while .... 
 
 / was to . . . 
 
 nose .... 
 
 scratching . . 
 
 already was 1 
 bound, and just 
 ready to be set 
 a-sailing, when, 
 etc. 
 
 take a walk . 
 bustle . . . 
 severely repri- 
 manding 
 intention . . 
 
 (illigo) to a 
 board (tabula), 
 and launched 
 (immitto) into 
 a pond (stag- 
 num). 
 
 &3ij, should almost 
 suffocate (suf- 
 ioco, fut.pa7^t.) 
 me submerged 
 in the water, 
 
 autem. 
 
 use oportet. 
 
 nasus. 
 
 lacero. 
 
 say, when now 
 bound, I was 
 about to de- 
 scend into the 
 water, then the 
 schoolmaster, 
 etc. 
 
 ambulo, spatior. 
 
 tumultus. 
 
 graviter repre- 
 hend©. 
 
 consilium. 
 
126 
 
 VOCABULARY. 
 
 [97- 
 
 97 
 
 \ 
 
 make slaves of . 
 
 except those that 
 
 are taken 
 those of other 
 
 nations 
 the slaves among 
 
 them are only 
 
 such 
 condemned to that 
 
 state of life 
 
 the commission of 
 crime .... 
 which is more 
 common 
 
 merchant . . . 
 to which they trade 
 
 whom .... 
 sometimes . . . in 
 
 other places 
 have them for no- 
 thing 
 They are kept at 
 perpetuallabour, 
 and are always 
 chained 
 
 in servitutem re- 
 
 digo. 
 say, unless they 
 
 have taken any. 
 externus. 
 
 say, they have 
 those only. 
 
 say, given over 
 (addictus) into 
 
 omit. 
 
 noxa. 
 
 that which more 
 often happens 
 (usu venit). 
 
 mercator. 
 
 whither they come 
 (ventito) for 
 the sake of trad- 
 ing (negotior) 
 
 say, these therefore. 
 
 hie . . . illic. 
 
 receive for no- 
 thing (gratis). 
 
 say, These they 
 compel bound 
 always (perpe- 
 tuo) to serve. 
 
 with this differ- ita, vit. 
 
 ewce, that 
 their own natives 
 
 aretreatedmuch 
 
 worse than 
 
 others 
 
 profligate 
 7'estrained 
 
 education . . 
 
 usage .... 
 
 Another sort of 
 slaves are the 
 poor of the neigh- 
 bouring coun- 
 tries 
 
 offer .... 
 
 to come and serve 
 them 
 
 treat .... 
 
 use them in all 
 other respects 
 as well as their 
 own country- 
 men, concept 
 imposi?ig 
 
 say, they rule (im- 
 pero) their own 
 countrymen [i^o- 
 pularis) more 
 sternly (severe) 
 than others. 
 
 nequam. 
 
 refreno. 
 
 commodum 
 (sing.). 
 
 disciplina. 
 
 u^e conditio 
 
 say, Another kind 
 is of those who, 
 {being) in want 
 {egemis) among 
 the neighbour- 
 ing nations, 
 
 profiteor. 
 
 say simply, offer 
 to serve them. 
 
 tracto. 
 
 they otherwise 
 [alisis) hold them 
 in the place of 
 countrymen (ci- 
 vis), except that 
 (nisi quod) they 
 impose (im- 
 pero). 
 

 
 
 OF TB-R 
 
 
 
 ^VERSI 
 
 98.] 
 
 VOCABULARY, 
 
 ■w^? 
 
 no hc^rd task 
 
 say, is not for a 
 
 which indeed 
 
 say, that ivhich. 
 
 
 great incon- 
 
 hut seldom . . 
 
 raro (omit but). 
 
 
 venience (in- 
 
 empty-handed 
 
 inanis, or use 
 
 
 commodum). 
 
 
 inops. 
 
 accustomed . 
 
 . assuetus. 
 
 
 
 98 
 
 beyond doubt 
 glory as a warrior 
 
 excel .... 
 he was gifted with 
 
 speed .... 
 equal in age . . 
 great energy . . 
 constant exercise 
 
 was capable alike 
 of consuming 
 an astonishing 
 amount of food 
 and drink 
 
 his frame refused 
 to succumb to 
 hardship 
 
 hand dubie. 
 
 say, wai'like (bel- 
 li cus) glory. 
 
 excello. 
 
 say, there ivas in 
 him. 
 
 pernicitas. 
 
 aequalis. 
 
 vis virium. 
 
 multa exercita- 
 tio. 
 
 say, the same man 
 was most ca- 
 pacious of food 
 and wine. 
 
 say, he was of a 
 body uncon- 
 as re- 
 (ad) 
 labour. 
 
 did the soldier, 
 whether of the 
 horse or foot, 
 find service 
 rougher work 
 
 to grant them some 
 remission of toil 
 
 in 7^ecognition of 
 their good ser- 
 vice 
 
 remission 
 
 made 
 let off . . 
 
 patting 
 back . . 
 dismount . 
 
 say, to the in- 
 fantry soldier 
 and the cavalry 
 soldier equally 
 (pariter), was 
 sen;^ce (militia) 
 rougher. 
 
 say, to relax 
 (laxo) some of 
 their toil. 
 
 say, in return for 
 (pro) the well- 
 performed 
 thing, 
 loas use remitto. 
 
 . . remitto {foil, by 
 
 ne). 
 . . demulceo. 
 . . dorsum. 
 
 ex equis de- 
 scendo. 
 
128 
 
 VOCABULARY, 
 
 99- 
 
 99 
 
 who was a mild 
 
 say, ivith a mild 
 
 doing this . . 
 
 say, thus. 
 
 rider 
 
 (moderatus) 
 
 till the damage 
 
 say, he causes 
 
 
 rule. 
 
 was considerable 
 
 (affero) no light 
 
 sent .... 
 
 Ijluperf. subj. 
 
 
 damage (detri- 
 
 despot .... 
 
 tyrannus. 
 
 ^ 
 
 mentum). 
 
 to ash .... 
 
 sciscitor. 
 
 visitor .... 
 
 use nuntius. 
 
 the best way of 
 
 say, how he was 
 
 without a word of 
 
 say, warned by 
 
 governing 
 
 likely -to-govern 
 
 advice 
 
 no word at all 
 
 
 {futurepart. of 
 
 
 (prorsus). 
 
 
 impero) best. 
 
 The messenger 
 
 say, the latter. 
 
 Thrasyhulus took 
 
 say. He (is) ques- 
 
 on a fooVs errand 
 
 say,m«;am(frusr 
 
 tlie Corinthian 
 
 tions (percunc- 
 
 
 tra, nequld- 
 
 herald forth 
 
 tor) the Cori7i- 
 
 
 quam). 
 
 into the fields, 
 
 thian herald 
 
 madman , . . 
 
 furjosus. 
 
 and as he 
 
 (praeco), led 
 
 gave him no an- 
 
 say, having given 
 
 passed through 
 
 out into the 
 
 swer, but only 
 
 him no answer, 
 
 the corn, still 
 
 fields, while lie 
 
 walked through 
 
 only having en- 
 
 questioning him 
 
 _passes(transeo) 
 
 a field spoiling 
 
 tered (ingredi- 
 
 about Corin- 
 
 through the 
 
 his wheat 
 
 or) afield spoilt 
 
 thian affairs 
 
 corn-field (se- 
 
 
 (corrumpo) his 
 
 
 gQS>), about Cor- 
 
 
 wheat (fruges). 
 
 
 inthian affairs ; 
 
 said nothing ; but 
 
 say, silent. 
 
 
 atthesametime 
 
 the meaning of 
 
 ssbj, what Thrasy- 
 
 
 (simul). 
 
 Thrasybulus 
 
 bulus wished. 
 
 snap off , . . 
 
 decerpo. 
 
 which was . . 
 
 say, namely (sci- 
 
 ear {of corn) 
 
 spica. 
 
 
 licet). 
 
 that overtopped 
 
 say, higher than 
 
 worse .... 
 
 use compar. of 
 
 the rest 
 
 the rest. 
 
 
 saevus. 
 
 he ivalked . . 
 
 say, having 
 v)alked on 
 (progredior). 
 
 he {emphatic) • 
 
 ille. 
 
101.] 
 
 VOCABULARY. 
 
 129 
 
 
 100 
 
 
 Admiral . . , 
 
 praefectiis na- 
 
 courtyard . . 
 
 aula. 
 
 
 vium. 
 
 Duke of Guise . 
 
 Gisa. 
 
 Coligny . . 
 
 Colinus. 
 
 had been waiting 
 
 say, loith diffi- 
 
 startled . . . 
 
 exterritus. 
 
 impatiently 
 
 culty (aegre) 
 
 2tpper chamber . 
 
 say, higher part 
 
 
 was enduring 
 
 
 of the house. 
 
 
 delay. 
 
 he was tracked by 
 
 say, the assassins 
 
 wipe .... 
 
 detergo. 
 
 his assassins, 
 
 {sica.ru) follow- 
 
 spurning with his 
 
 proculco. 
 
 who stabbed him 
 
 ing the tracks 
 
 foot 
 
 
 to death 
 
 (vestigia) 
 
 Courage . . ." 
 
 say. Let us be of 
 
 
 stabbed him to 
 
 
 brave spirit. 
 
 
 death{i>iigiom- 
 
 now for the rest 
 
 say, now let us go 
 
 
 bus confodio). 
 
 
 against the rest. 
 
 as he stood leaning 
 
 use innitor. 
 
 rushed out . . 
 
 evolo {use pass. 
 
 against 
 
 
 
 impers.). 
 
 window . . . 
 
 fenestra. 
 
 I< 
 
 31 
 
 
 remnant . . . 
 
 reliquiae. 
 
 confederation . 
 
 societas. 
 
 linger .... 
 
 commoror. 
 
 there was more 
 
 say, it was further 
 
 ever since . . 
 
 ex quo {use 
 
 difficulty 
 
 (amplius) con- 
 
 
 verb). 
 
 
 sidered (deli- 
 
 this affront . . 
 
 say, this so great 
 
 
 bero). 
 
 
 affront (contu- 
 
 The Greeks were not 
 
 carry on the pre- 
 
 
 melia). 
 
 in a condition to 
 
 vious sentence 
 
 or 
 
 say, nor. 
 
 guarantee their 
 
 down to inde- 
 
 retain in obedience 
 
 say, hold under 
 
 independence 
 
 pendence, and 
 
 
 his sway. 
 
 
 say, since to 
 
 of the Continent 
 
 say, situated {si- 
 
 
 them (quippe 
 
 
 tu^) on the Con- 
 
 
 qui) the Greeks 
 
 
 tinent, 
 
 
 tvere not able 
 
 stiU less . . . 
 
 nedum. 
 
 
 to guarantee 
 
 preserve his do- 
 
 say, give com- 
 
 
 (praesto) their 
 
 minion over 
 
 mands to (im- 
 
 
 liberty. 
 
 
 pero). 
 
 offer .... 
 
 profiteor. 
 
ISO 
 
 VOCABULARY. 
 
 [102- 
 
 whtre they pre- 
 'pared to make 
 room for them 
 
 by transplanting 
 
 espouse the Per- 
 sian cause 
 
 this proposition 
 ivas strenuously 
 opposed by the 
 Athenians 
 
 say, but (autem) 
 [offered) to pre- 
 pare for them 
 a place to live 
 in (habito). 
 
 say, by compel- 
 ling to move 
 (migro). 
 
 say, stand on-the- 
 side-of (a) the 
 Persians. 
 
 say, the Athen- 
 ians opposed 
 (adverser) mos^ 
 eagerly this 
 plan. 
 
 who regarded their 
 own dignity and 
 honour as inse- 
 parably bound 
 up with the 
 maintenance of 
 their Ionian co- 
 lonies 
 
 and, indeed, the 
 effect of such a 
 measure must 
 have been to 
 transfer them 
 completely to 
 the Persians 
 
 say, thinking that 
 it concerned 
 their own dig- 
 nity and glory 
 very greatly, 
 that they should 
 preserve their 
 own colonies 
 situated in 
 Ionia. 
 
 say, for thus they 
 were being all 
 without doitht 
 (sine dubio) 
 handed over to 
 the Persians. 
 
 102 
 
 This answer was 
 no other than 
 William had 
 expected 
 
 previously . . 
 make an attempt 
 
 upon 
 Consulting only , 
 
 say, Nor had 
 William (Wil- 
 helmus) cer- 
 tainly (pro- 
 lQcto)hopedfor 
 another answer 
 (responsum). 
 
 jam pridem. 
 
 invado. 
 
 say, Blinded (oc- 
 caeco) by. 
 
 inseparable from 
 an attack on 
 such inferior 
 {forces) 
 
 the circumstances 
 would facilitate . 
 
 enterprise 
 He considered 
 
 say, of attacking. 
 
 say, scanty (exi- 
 guus), or, too 
 small {comp. oj 
 parvus). 
 
 say, those things. 
 
 say, were likely to 
 facilitate {fut. 
 part. o/*faveo). 
 
 inceptum, con- 
 silium. 
 
 omit. 
 
103.] 
 
 VOCABULARY, 
 
 131 
 
 that England, ever 
 
 say, that to the 
 
 it . . . entirely . 
 
 say, all the land. 
 
 since the acces- 
 
 English having, 
 
 was unprovided 
 
 say, was bare 
 
 sion of Canute, 
 
 from what time 
 
 with 
 
 (nudus) of, or 
 
 had enjoyed 
 
 Canute had 
 
 
 use careo. 
 
 profound tran- 
 
 been created 
 
 it could jyrolong 
 
 say, the war might 
 
 quillity during 
 
 king, enjoyed 
 
 the war 
 
 be prolonged 
 
 a period of near 
 
 the highest lei- 
 
 
 (traho). 
 
 fifty years; and 
 
 sure for nearly 
 
 but must venture 
 
 say, but that it 
 
 it would require 
 
 fiflyy^o.rs, time 
 
 itswholefortune 
 
 must be fought 
 
 time for its 
 
 was needed 
 
 in one decisive 
 
 out (dimico) in 
 
 soldiers, ener- 
 
 (opus est) in 
 
 action 
 
 one battle about 
 
 vated by long 
 
 order that the 
 
 
 their 'Whole for- 
 
 peace, to learn 
 
 soldiers, ener- 
 
 
 tune (summa 
 
 discipline, and 
 
 vated{e^emmo) 
 
 
 rerum). 
 
 its generals ex- 
 
 by long peace. 
 
 once .... 
 
 semel. 
 
 perience 
 
 might become 
 
 master of the field 
 
 say, conqueror in 
 
 
 accustomed {as- 
 
 
 a pitched battle 
 
 
 suesco) to dis- 
 
 
 (acies). 
 
 
 cipline, the ge- 
 
 tvould be in a con- 
 
 say, couldwander 
 
 
 nerals might 
 
 dition to over- 
 
 through {perva.- 
 
 
 become shilled 
 
 run the kingdom 
 
 gor) the whole 
 
 
 in icarfare (res 
 
 
 kingdom with 
 
 
 militaris). 
 
 
 {his) army. 
 
 103 
 
 He saw . . . 
 
 he had given 
 proofs of vigour 
 and bravery 
 
 had newly mount- 
 ed a throne 
 which he had 
 acquired by 
 faction 
 
 say, He under- 
 stood that too. 
 
 say, had shown 
 himself ener- 
 gre^^c(strenuus) 
 and brave. 
 
 say, having lately 
 (nuper) gained 
 possession of 
 royal power 
 (regnum) by 
 (per) faction. 
 
 from which he had 
 excluded 
 
 a very ancient 
 royal family 
 
 and 
 
 which was 
 to totter 
 under him by 
 its own insta- 
 
 say, 0/ which he 
 had deprived 
 (spolio). 
 
 say, the descend- 
 ants (progenies) 
 of most arijcient 
 kings. 
 
 say, {that Harold) 
 
 (labefacto) by 
 his own weak- 
 
132 
 
 VOCABULARY. 
 
 [104- 
 
 hility, much 
 more if shaken 
 by any violent 
 external im- 
 pulse 
 
 that the very cir- 
 cumstance of 
 his crossing the 
 sea, etc., as it 
 ivould astonish 
 
 enterprise . . 
 
 7iess (imbecilli- 
 tas), if he suf- 
 fered any force 
 from outside 
 (extrinsecus), 
 wouldfallmore 
 heavily. 
 say, that^ having 
 crossed the sea, 
 etc., he would 
 both terrify. 
 
 inceptum. 
 
 would inspirit his 
 soldiers by de- 
 spair, androiise 
 them to sustain 
 the reputation 
 of the Norman 
 arms 
 
 say, and would 
 strengthen 
 (confirmo) the 
 minds, ani- 
 mated [concito) 
 by desperation, 
 of his soldiers, 
 that they might 
 not be willing to 
 /a27(desum) the 
 name of Nor- 
 mans. 
 
 104 
 
 the embarrass- 
 ments of their 
 position 
 
 the council was 
 divided in 
 opinion 
 
 the necessity of 
 some instant 
 action 
 
 One party were 
 for 
 
 getting beyond . 
 
 causeway . . . 
 
 march . . 
 
 say, in what evils 
 they were en- 
 tangled (impe- 
 ditus). 
 
 say, different 
 (varius, di ver- 
 sus) opinions 
 divided (dis- 
 tineo) the coun- 
 cil (consilium). 
 
 say, that some- 
 thing must be 
 done at once. 
 
 say. It pleased one 
 party (pars). 
 
 transeo. 
 
 agger, moles. 
 
 use agmen. 
 
 with the hnow- 
 
 ledge of 
 ofivhose good-will 
 
 they had so many 
 
 iwoofs 
 
 retreat . . . 
 under these cir- 
 cumstances 
 abruptly . . . 
 
 conscius [ahl. 
 abs.). 
 
 say, whose good- 
 will (benevo- 
 lentia) towards 
 (in, erga) tJie^n 
 hadsooften{to- 
 ties) been tried 
 (spectatus, 
 probatus). 
 
 say, to be by no 
 means expedi- 
 ent (minime 
 expedire). 
 
 regressus. 
 
 say, at such a 
 time. 
 
 say, suddenly. 
 
105.] 
 
 VOCABL 
 
 JLARY. 
 
 133 
 
 air 
 
 species. 
 
 icould he sure not 
 
 say, they would 
 
 It would he con- 
 
 say, whence it 
 
 only to hring on 
 
 certainly have 
 
 strued into dis- 
 
 2vould be (fu- 
 
 them the Mexi- 
 
 to expect not 
 
 trust of them- 
 
 turum esset) 
 
 cans, hut the 
 
 only the attach 
 
 selves 
 
 thatthey should 
 
 contempt of 
 
 of the Mexi- 
 
 
 seem to trust 
 
 their allies 
 
 cans f hut that 
 
 
 (confido) in 
 
 
 they would also 
 
 
 themselves too 
 
 
 come into con- 
 
 
 little (parum). 
 
 
 tempt to their 
 
 anything like tim- 
 
 say, if even a 
 
 
 allies. 
 
 idity on their 
 
 very little they 
 
 would join the 
 
 say, were ahout to 
 
 part 
 
 showed (praes- 
 
 general cry 
 
 shout together 
 
 
 to) themselves 
 
 
 with the rest. 
 
 
 timid. 
 
 
 
 105 
 
 l^'he town of Sa- 
 
 say, There was a 
 
 
 ^6ro(Iberus)^o 
 
 guntum^aGreeh 
 
 city, Sagun- 
 
 
 the south (me- 
 
 colony— so the 
 
 ttim, which the 
 
 
 ridies), which 
 
 inhahitaiits 
 
 inhahitants{m- 
 
 
 river, by the 
 
 boasted — from 
 
 cola,) used to say 
 
 
 treaty made 
 
 Zacynthus,and 
 
 (fero) was a co- 
 
 
 {ico)betweenthe 
 
 near the sight 
 
 lony of Greeks 
 
 
 Romans and 
 
 of the modern 
 
 sprung (oriun- 
 
 
 Carthaginians 
 
 Murviedro 
 
 dus) from Za- 
 
 
 (Poenus), had 
 
 (Muriveteres), 
 
 cynthus, situ- 
 
 
 been made the 
 
 though far to 
 
 ated{^\tvi^)near 
 
 
 boundary of 
 
 the south of the 
 
 that place which 
 
 
 either empire, 
 
 £brOj the stipu- 
 
 is now called 
 
 
 had neverthe- 
 
 latedhoundary- 
 
 Muri Veteres. 
 
 
 less. 
 
 line between the 
 
 This {city) 
 
 form an alliance 
 
 in amicitiam ve- 
 
 tivo powers 
 
 placed some- 
 
 
 nire. 
 
 
 what far (satis 
 
 nay .... 
 
 use atque 
 
 
 longe)from the 
 
 forbear . . . 
 
 nolo. 
 
134 
 
 VOCABULARY. 
 
 [105- 
 
 Hannihal kneic 
 that he could 
 choose his own 
 time for picking 
 a quarrel, and 
 now the ground 
 seemed clear he- 
 fore him 
 
 warn .... 
 
 an ally of theirs 
 
 gave an evasive 
 answer 
 
 ami referred them 
 to 
 
 while he prose- 
 cuted the pre- 
 parations for 
 the siege with 
 redouhled ^ig- 
 our 
 
 say, for the Car- 
 thaginian had 
 understood that, 
 that a pretext 
 (causa) of war- 
 ring{be\\o)would 
 heready{sidi^\\m) 
 for him, when 
 he wished, hut 
 noio he thought 
 that a very good 
 opportunity 
 (occasio) was 
 
 denuntio. 
 
 say, an ally of the 
 Roman People. 
 
 say, anMvered 
 doubtful things 
 (dubius). 
 
 say, referred (re- 
 \ici.6)thematter 
 to. 
 
 say, in the mean- 
 while (interim) 
 he was prepar- 
 ing (paro) the 
 siege (obsidio) 
 with his ivhole 
 strength. 
 
 held out . . 
 
 lohen they could 
 hold out no 
 longer 
 
 the chiefs . . . 
 kindled afire 
 
 into it . . . . 
 
 their valuables . 
 
 in the course of the 
 siege 
 
 in hopes of com- 
 mitting those 
 who received it 
 beyond hope of 
 recall to his 
 great enterprise 
 
 say, endured[^Qr- 
 petior) the siege 
 (obsidio). 
 
 say, after that 
 there was no 
 power (copia) 
 of resisting fur- 
 ther (amplius). 
 
 primores. 
 
 say, made afire. 
 
 use eodem, near 
 end of sentence. 
 
 say, the precious 
 things which 
 they had, all 
 {of them). 
 
 say, while he be- 
 sieges the town. 
 
 say, which being 
 received, the 
 chiefs might he 
 hound (obligo) 
 7nore firmly by 
 sharing in (con- 
 sortio, with 
 gen.) so great 
 an undertaking 
 (inceptum). 
 
106.1 
 
 VOCABULARY. 
 
 135 
 
 
 106 
 
 
 
 these measures 
 
 ita consulitur in. 
 
 s2)ondence 
 
 with 
 
 Mary were dis- 
 
 were being de- 
 
 
 Mary 
 
 
 covered. 
 
 vised 
 
 
 realm . . 
 
 . 
 
 say, state. 
 
 abroad . . . 
 
 peregre. 
 
 his last character- 
 
 say, who, accord- 
 
 Elizabeth . . . 
 
 Elissa. 
 
 istic act being 
 
 ing tohis custom 
 
 Chatsworth . . 
 
 say, i7i a certain 
 village (vicus) 
 of the Goritavi. 
 
 
 
 (more suo) did 
 that thing last 
 (postremum id 
 
 was diligently oc- 
 
 say, was taking 
 
 
 
 committo, ut). 
 
 cupied in en- 
 
 pains (operam 
 
 hire . . 
 
 
 conduco mercede . 
 
 couraging a like 
 
 do) that she 
 
 bravoes 
 
 
 sicarius. 
 
 plot at home 
 
 might help at 
 
 he lingered 
 
 upon 
 
 say, he travelled 
 
 with the same 
 
 home also the 
 
 the road 
 
 
 (iterfacio)?t'zVA 
 
 object 
 
 conspirators 
 
 
 
 w/uch delay. 
 
 
 (conjurati)i(;Ao 
 
 Dover . . 
 
 
 Dubrae. 
 
 
 were seeking the 
 
 detected . 
 
 
 deprehendo. 
 
 
 same thing. 
 
 in time 
 
 
 tempestive. 
 
 Lord Burleigh 
 
 say, It was effected 
 
 instead of taking 
 
 say, when they 
 
 succeeded in 
 
 by Caeciliusthat 
 
 Burleigh's 
 
 life, 
 
 wished to mur- 
 
 gaining a clue 
 
 certain people 
 
 they only 
 
 lost 
 
 der Cecil, were 
 
 to the conspir- 
 
 offered evidence 
 
 their own 
 
 
 slain them- 
 
 acy. 
 
 (indicium) 
 about the con- 
 spiracy. 
 
 
 
 selves. 
 Or, so far (adeo) 
 did they not 
 
 principal agents 
 
 duces, principes 
 consilii. 
 
 
 
 ■ slay C. that 
 they were slain 
 
 apprehended 
 
 comprehendo. 
 
 
 
 themselves. 
 
 the Queen was put 
 
 say, Elissa was 
 
 
 
 Or, so far was it 
 
 upon her guard 
 
 forewarned 
 (praemoneo) 
 about the danger. 
 
 
 
 distant that 
 (tantum abest 
 ut) they slew C, 
 
 Gerau . . . 
 
 Geravius. 
 
 
 
 that they were 
 
 being found in 
 
 say, ivhose letters 
 
 
 
 slain them- 
 
 secret corre- 
 
 secretly sent to 
 
 
 
 selves. 
 
136 
 
 VOCABULARY. 
 
 [107- 
 
 to this he answered 
 
 ought to he jparti- 
 cvlarly cherished 
 
 in them consists . 
 
 force .... 
 have occasion 
 since their birth 
 inspires them 
 with a nobler 
 sense of honour 
 than is to be 
 found among 
 
 tradesman . . 
 
 ** Youmay as well 
 say^" replied!, 
 ^Hhat you must 
 cherish thieves " 
 
 want (= be with- 
 out) 
 
 the one . . . the 
 other 
 
 107 
 
 say, then he 
 {said). 
 
 say, are certainly 
 (profecto) to be 
 valued (aesti- 
 mo) at a high 
 price. 
 
 say, of (ex) them 
 consists {consto). 
 
 robur. 
 
 use usus est. 
 
 say, as being 
 people who (ut 
 qui), being born 
 not in a mean 
 (sordidus) sta- 
 tion (locus) ^ are 
 likely to be {fut. 
 part.) also more 
 noble in mind 
 than. 
 
 caupo. 
 
 say, ^^ Then" 
 (ergo), said I 
 (inquam),**W/^ 
 also thieves 
 (latro) be to be 
 cherished" (alo, 
 or use aestimo 
 as before) ? 
 
 indigeo. 
 
 say, 
 
 the former 
 . the latter. 
 
 jirove . ''. . . 
 
 so near an alliance 
 there is between 
 those two sorts 
 of life 
 
 this bad [custom) 
 
 so common 
 
 amo7ig you 
 
 of keeping many 
 
 servants 
 
 is not peculiar to 
 this nation. 
 
 in France 
 
 there is ... 
 pestiferous . . 
 sort of people 
 the whole country 
 
 fio. 
 
 say, so great a 
 likeness (simi- 
 litudo) is there 
 between them 
 of life and 
 manners. 
 
 say, this so bad 
 (pravus) {cus- 
 tom.) 
 
 usitatus (omit 
 so). 
 
 say, lolth (apud) 
 the English 
 (Anglus). 
 
 say, that (ut) you 
 wish to keep 
 (alo, sustento) 
 many attend- 
 ants (sectator) . 
 
 say, you do not 
 have peculiar 
 (proprius) to 
 you ; 
 
 Change full stop 
 to semicolon. 
 
 say, for indeed 
 (etenim) among 
 (apud) the 
 
 French. 
 
 exsisto. 
 
 pestilens. 
 
 natio hominum. 
 
 say, all things. 
 
108.] 
 
 VOCABULARY. 
 
 137 
 
 still kept up in 
 
 say, whom they 
 
 this being a maxim 
 
 say, since those 
 
 time of peace 
 
 disband (di- 
 
 of those pre- 
 
 men (iste) who 
 
 
 mitto) not even 
 
 tended states- 
 
 pretend (simu- 
 
 
 inpeace {simple 
 
 menj that 
 
 lo) that they 
 
 
 abl.). 
 
 
 are skilled in 
 
 such a state of a 
 
 say simply, that 
 
 
 affairs, lay 
 
 nation 
 
 (attracted to 
 
 
 down (pono) 
 
 
 agree with 
 
 
 that {illnd), that 
 
 
 peace). 
 
 that it is necessary 
 
 say, that the state 
 
 are Jcept in pay . 
 
 say, thus earn 
 
 for the public 
 
 cannot be safe, 
 
 
 pay (stipendia 
 
 safety to have 
 
 unless you have. 
 
 
 mereri). 
 
 good body . . 
 
 large supply 
 
 upon the same ac- 
 
 ssijjfrom (de) the 
 
 
 (copia). 
 
 count that you 
 
 same cause by 
 
 
 
 plead for those 
 
 which you de- 
 
 
 
 idle retainers 
 
 fend the idle 
 
 
 
 about noblemen 
 
 (otiosus) re- 
 tainers (secta- 
 tor, satelles) of 
 nobles. 
 
 
 
 108 
 
 Night was setting 
 in, the soldiers 
 were harassed, 
 bai^efooted, and 
 starving 
 
 a7nmunition 
 
 say, at the ap- 
 proach of night, 
 or, night now 
 impending (im- 
 mineo), the sol- 
 diers being har- 
 assed (vexo) 
 with toil, and 
 bar ein feet, were 
 being exhausted 
 (conficio) with 
 hunger, 
 
 tela. 
 
 which had never 
 ceased . . . and 
 was now accom- 
 panied 
 
 storms of wind 
 
 would be 
 
 corrumpo. 
 
 say, which being 
 poured forth 
 without any in- 
 termission (in- 
 termissio) . . . 
 was now being 
 mingled. 
 
 ventosa tempes- 
 tas. 
 
 use adorior [fut. 
 in rus). 
 
138 
 
 VOCABULARY, 
 
 [109. 
 
 and . , , . 
 
 say, at lohich 
 
 Soult . . 
 
 
 use, imperator. 
 
 
 time. 
 
 cut , , , 
 
 . 
 
 interrumpo. 
 
 Ponte Nova . . 
 
 Pons Novus. 
 
 take . . 
 
 
 say, lead. 
 
 secured . . 
 
 occupo. 
 
 grenadiers 
 
 . 
 
 triarii. 
 
 the hour of sur- 
 
 say, surrender 
 
 surprise , 
 
 , 
 
 incautum op- 
 
 render was come 
 
 {deditio)was to 
 
 
 
 primo. 
 
 
 be undergone 
 
 secure . . 
 
 . 
 
 praecipio. 
 
 
 (subeo). 
 
 succeed . 
 
 
 bene rem gero. 
 
 extremity . . 
 
 angustiae, dis- 
 
 say so, but 
 
 send 
 
 id solum nuntia. 
 
 
 crimen. 
 
 no other report 
 
 
 Major Dulong . 
 
 Longus, tribunus' 
 
 your silence 
 
 will 
 
 say, if anything 
 
 
 quidam. 
 
 suffice 
 
 
 adverse happen, 
 
 justly reputed as 
 
 say, a man, if 
 
 
 
 I shall learn 
 
 one of the most 
 
 any one else in 
 
 
 
 enough by your 
 
 daring men in 
 
 the Gallic army, 
 
 
 
 silence. 
 
 the French 
 
 justly (jure) 
 
 
 
 
 ranks 
 
 thought most 
 brave. 
 
 
 
 
 109 
 
 Say, While Henry vii. ruled {impero), the English were flourishing 
 {vigeo) at home, and (autem) with (apud) foreign {exterus) nations used to 
 be held in the highest honour. He put {impono) an end to the civil wars 
 which had so long troubled {vexo) the people ; he pacified (paco) and 
 managed {administro) well the State ; he brought {cogo) into order (ordo) 
 the too powerful nobles {proceres) ; he also {idem) of the neighbouring 
 (vicinus) kings won [concilio) the friendship of many, the respect {obser- 
 vantia) of all. Desirous {appetens) of peace, he did not fear war ; though 
 highly {ut qui maxime) suspicious towards his (ministers), yet neither in 
 carrying on affairs at home nor in war did he ever betray fear ; nor in 
 inflicting {sumo) more cruel punishments used he to take thought so much 
 {tarn) for (his) anger as (his) advantage {utilitas). 
 
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