GIFT OF KELLOGG STORIES FROM OVID'S METAMORPHOSES oj NCL.SO STORIES FROM OYID'S METAMORPHOSES EDITED FOR THE USE OF SCHOOLS BY EEV. JOHN BOND, M.A. AND ARTHUR, S. WALPOLE, M.A. WITH NOTES EXERCISES AND VOCABULARY REVISED FOB USE IN AMERICAN SCHOOLS BY WILFRED P. MUSTARD, PH.D. PROFESSOR Q&JgrfaHfeJNCOLORADO COLLEGE MACMILLAN AND CO. AND LONDON 1893 All rights reserved TH - ,^J3^ < COPYRIGHT, 1893, BY MACMILLAN AND CO. NorfoootJ J. S. Gushing & Co. Berwick & Smith. Boston, Mass., U.S.A. /H? PEEFACE. IN adapting this little book for American schools I have rewritten the notes, revised the vocabulary, and added references to the grammars of Allen & Greenough (A. & G.), Gilder sleeve (G.), and Hark- ness (H.). The introduction and the exercises have been left unchanged. W. P. M. COLORADO SPRINGS, Feb. 25, 1893. 128165 CONTENTS. PAGE PREFACE ...... INTRODUCTION TEXT 1 NOTES 25 EXERCISES ....'.... 49 VOCABULARY TO EXERCISES .... 61 VOCABULARY 65 INTRODUCTION. PUBLIUS OVIDIUS NASO, usually known as Ovid, was born B.C. 43 at Sulmo (Sulmone) in the hill- country of the Peligni, about 90 miles east of Rome ; Julius Caesar had been murdered the year before, and the time of Ovid's birth is memorable for the defeat of Mark Antony before Mutina (Modena). He came of an old equestrian family and was intended for a lawyer ; he spent some time at Athens and also travelled in Asia and Sicily ; but following the bent of his mind, he gave himself up unreservedly to poetry, after filling some minor offices in the capital. For many years his life in Eome was exactly to his mind ; he was the friend of the greater poets of the day, Horace, Gallus, Tibul- lus, and Propertius, and of the Emperor himself. But suddenly, A.D. 8, when he was 50 years of age, he received the order to leave Italy at once and go to Tomi, on the west shore of the Black Sea, near the mouths of the Danube. It has never been quite ascertained how he had offended Augustus : he had probably mixed himself up, intentionally or other- wise, in some court intrigue. His unceasing en- X OVID. treaties for recall, backed up by powerful friends in Rome, were beginning to move Augustus, when he died ; but his successor, Tiberius, turned a deaf ear to the poet's complaints, and in his bleak home, after ten miserable years, Ovid died an exile in his 60th year, A.D. 17. He was three times married : his first two wives he divorced ; with the third he appears to have lived happily, although she did not go with him to Tomi. His works are voluminous and form three classes : (i.) Elegiac, including the ' Fasti/ or poetical cal- endar of the Eomaii year ; i Heroides/ letters from celebrated mythical heroines ; i Tristia/ in five books ; ' Epistulae ex Ponto/ in four books written from Tomi, (ii.) Fifteen books of the ; Metamor- phoses ? (/Aera/xo/o^wcreis), adapted from Greek writers, containing legends of transformations from the human form into animals, plants, etc., (iii.) His tragedy ' Medea,' praised by Quintilian and others, but not extant. The present collection is made from the ( Tiroci- nium Poeticum ' of Siebelis, with one addition. At the desire of the Publishers we have added a few exercises in Latin Hexameter verse. [In the vocabulary, a few words which are some- times written with a j appear under that heading, but are printed in the text with an i.~\ TTBRA*> or THE UNIVERSITY OVID, STORIES FROM THE METAMORPHOSES. I. (Met. v. 438-461.) Ceres, during her search for her lost daughter Proserpine, is insulted by a rude boy, whom she turns into a lizard. INTEREA pavidae nequiquam filia matri .omnibus est terris, omni quaesita profundo. Illam non udis veniens Aurora capillis cessantem vidit, non Hesperus ; ilia duabus flammiferas pinus manibus succendit ab Aetna, 5 perque pruinosas tulit irrequieta tenebras. Rursus ubi alma dies hebetarat sidera, natam solis ab occasu solis quaerebat ad ortus. Fessa labore sitim collegerat, oraque nulli colluerant fontes, cum tectam stramine vidit 10 forte casam parvasque fores pulsavit ; at inde prodit anus divamque videt lymphamque roganti dulce dedit, tosta quod texerat ante polenta. 1 2 OVID STORIES Bum bibit ilia datum, duri puer oris et audax constitit ante deam risitque avidamque vocavit. 15 Offensa est, neque adhuc epota parte loquentem cum liquido mixta perfudit diva polenta. Combibit os maculas et, quae modo bracchia gessit, crura gerit ; cauda est mutatis addita membris ; inque brevem formam, ne sit vis magna noceiidi, 20 contrahitur, parvaque minor mensura lacerta est. Mirantem flentemque et tangere monstra parantem fugit anum latebramque petit, aptumque colori nomen habet, variis stellatus corpora guttis. II. BATTUS (ii. 680-707). While Apollo, then serving in Messenia as a shepherd, ivas playing on his pipes, Mercury stole his cattle. No one saw the theft except Battus, ivho having betrayed the god was changed into a flint. /Delphice, tempus eratl quo te pastoria pellis texit onusque fuit baculum silvestre sinistrae, alterius dispar septenis fistula cannis. Dumque amor est curae, dum te tua fistula mulcet, incustoditae Pylios memorantur in agros 5 processisse boves. Videt has Atlantide Maia natus et arte sua silvis occultat abactas. FROM THE METAMORPHOSES. 3 Senserat hoc furtuin nemo nisi notus in illo rure senex, Battum vicinia tota vocabant. Divitis hie saltus herbosaque pascua Nelei 10 nobiliumque greges custos servabat equarum. Hunc timuit blandaque manu seduxit et illi " Quisquis es, hospes/' ait " si forte armerita requiret haec aliquis, vidisse nega. Neu gratia facto nulla rependatur, nitidam cape praemia vaccam." 15 Et dedit. Accepta voces has reddidit hospes : " Tutus eas ; lapis iste prius tua furta loquetur : " et lapidem ostendit. Simulat love natus abire, mox redit et versa pariter cum voce figura, "Rustice, vidisti si quas hoc limite" dixit 20 " ire boves, f er opem furtoque silentia deme ! iuncta suo pretium dabitur tibi femina tauro." At senior, postquam merces geminata, " Sub illis montibus " inquit " erunt.' 7 Et erant sub montibus illis. Eisit Atlantiades et " Me inihi, perfide, prodis ? 25 me mihi prodis ? " ait, periuraque pectora vertit in durum silicem, qui nunc quoque dicitur Index; inque nihil merito vetus est infamia saxo. 4 OVID STORIES III. ICARUS (viii. 183-235). Daedalus was imprisoned in Crete by order of Minos ; by his skill he invented and made wings and learnt to fly, and then started for Athens with his son Icarus, who fell into the sea and perished. Daedalus interea, Creten longumque perosus exsilium tactusque loci natalis amore, clausus erat pelago. "Terras licet" in/quit "et undas obstruat, at caelum certe patet : ibimus iliac ; omnia possideat, non possidet ae'ra Minos." 5 Dixit, et ignotas animum dimittit in artes naturamque no vat. Nam ponit in ordiiie pennas a minima coeptas, longam breviore sequenti, ut clivo crevisse putes. Sic rustica quondam fistula disparibus paulatim surgit avenis. 10 Turn lino medias et ceris alligat imas, atque ita compositas parvo curvamine flectit, ut veras imitetur aves. Puer Icarus una stabat et, ignarus sua se tractare pericla, ore renidenti modo, quas vaga moverat aura, 15 captabat plumas, flavam modo pollice ceram mollibat, lusuque suo mirabile patris impediebat opus. Postquam manus ultima coeptis FROM THE METAMORPHOSES. imposita est, geminas opifex libravit in alas ipse suum corpus motaque pependit in aura. 20 Instruit et natum, " Medio "que " ut limite curras, Icare," ait "moneo, ne, si demissior ibis, ^inda gravet pennas, si celsior, ignis adurat. Me duce carpe viam ! " Pariter praecepta volandi tradit, et ignotas umeris accommodat alas. 25 Inter opus monitusque genae maduere seniles et patriae tremuere manus. Dedit oscula nato non iterum repetenda suo, pennisque levatus ante volat comitique timet, velut ales, ab alto quae teneram prolem produxit in aera nido ; 30 hortaturque sequi damnosasque erudit artes, et movet ipse suas et nati respicit alas. Hos aliquis, tremula dum captat harundine pisces, aut pastor baculo stivave innixus arator vidit et obstipuit, quique aethera carpere possent, 35 credidit esse deos. Et iam lunonia laeva parte Samos fuerat, Delosque Parosque relictae, dextra Lebinthos erat fecundaque melle Calymne : cum puer audaci coepit gaudere volatu, deseruitque ducem caelique cupidine tractus 40 altius egit iter. Eapidi vicinia solis mollit odoratas, pennarum vincula, ceras. Tabuerant cerae : nudos quatit ille lacertos remigioque carens non ullas percipit auras, oraque caerulea patrium clamantia nomen 45 excipiuntur aqua, quae nomen traxit ab illo. - 6 O VID S TORIES At pater infelix, nee iam pater " Icare " dixit, " Icare " dixit " ubi es ? qua te regione requiram ? " " Icare " dicebat : pennas aspexit in undis, devovitque suas artes, corpusque sepulcro 50 condidit ; et tellus a nomine dicta sepulti. IV. THE FROGS (vi. 317-381). A peasant tells how some Lycian boors ivere turned into frogs. Lyciae quoque fertilis agris non impune deam veteres sprevere coloni. Res obscura quidem est ignobilitate virorum, mira tamen. Vidi praesens stagnumque locumque prodigio notum ; nam me iam grandior aevo 5 impatiensque viae genitor deducere lectos iusserat inde boves, gentisque illius eunti ipse ducem dederat. Cum quo dum pascua lustro, ecce lacu medio, sacrorum nigra favilla, ara vetus stabat, tremulis circumdata cannis. 10 Eestitit et pavido " Faveas mihi " murmure dixit dux meus, et simili " Faveas " ego murmure dixi. Nai'adum Faunine foret tamen ara rogabam, indigenaeve dei, cum talia rettulit hospes. "Non hac, o iuvenis, montanum numen in ara est; 15 FROM THE METAMORPHOSES. 7 ilia suam vocat hanc, cui quondam regia luno orbem interdixit, quam vix erratica Delos orantem accepit turn, cum levis insula nabat. ''ilinc quoque lunonem fugisse puerpera fertur inque suo portasse sinu, duo numina, natos. 20 lamque Chimaeriferae ? cum sol gravis ureret arva, finibus in Lyciae longo dea fessa labore, v sidereo siccata sitim collegit ab aestu. 'iTorte lacum mediocris aquae prospexit in imis vallibus : agrestes illic f ruticosa legebant 25 vimina cum iuncis gratamque paludibus ulvam. Accessit positoque genu Titania terram pressit, ut hauriret gelidos potura liquores. Eustica turba vetant. Dea sic affata vetantes : 'Quid prohibetis aquis ? usus commuriis aquarum est ; 30 nee solem proprium natura, nee aera fecit, nee tenues undas : ad publica munera veni. Quae tamen ut detis, supplex peto. Non ego nostros abluere hie artus lassataque membra parabam, sed relevare sitim. Caret os umore loquentis 35 et fauces arent vixque est via vocis in illis. Haustus aquae mihi nectar erit vitamque fatebor accepisse simul : vitam dederitis in unda. Hi quoque vos moveant, qui nostro bracchia tendunt parva sinu. 7 Et casu tendebant bracchia nati. 40 Quern non blanda deae potuissent verba movere ? 8 O VII) STORIES Hi tamen orantem perstant prohibere minasque, ni procul abscedat, conviciaque insuper addunt. Nee satis est, ipsos etiam pedibusque manuque turbavere lacus imoque e gurgite mollem 45 hue illuc limum saltu movere malign o. Distulit ira sitim. Neque enim iam filia Coei supplicat indignis, nee dicere sustinet ultra verba minora dea ; tollensque ad sidera palmas ( Aeternum stagno ' dixit ' vivatis in isto ! ' 50 Eveniunt optata deae : iuvat esse sub undis, et modo tota cava submergere membra palude, nunc proferre caput, summo modo gurgite nare, saepe super ripam stagni considere, saepe in gelidos resilire lacus. Sed nunc quoque turpes 55 litibus exercent linguas, pulsoque pudore, quarnvis sint sub aqua, sub aqua maledicere ternp- tant. Vox quoque iam rauca est, inflataqua colla tum- escunt ipsaque dilatant patulos convicia rictus. Terga caput tangunt, colla intercepta videntur ; 60 spina viret ; venter, pars maxima corporis, albet : limosoque novae saliunt in gurgite ranae ! " FROM THE METAMORPHOSES. 9 V. PHILEMON AND BAUCIS (viii. 618-724). Two pious Phrygians give hospitality to Jove and Mercury, who come in likeness of men. Immensa est finemque potentia caeli non habet et, quidquid super! voluere, peractum est, Quoque minus dubites, tiliae contermina quercus -^pollibus est Phrygiis, modico circumdata muro. < x - Haud procul hinc stagnum est, tellus liabitabilis olim, 5 nunc celebres mergis fulicisque palustribus undae. luppiter hue specie mortali, cumque parente venit Atlantiades positis caducifer alis. Mille domos adiere domum requiemque petentes ; mille domos clausere serae. Tamen una recepit, 10 parva quidem, stipulis et canna tecta palustri ; sed pia Baucis anus parilique aetate Philemon ilia sunt annis iuncti iuvenilibus, ilia consenuere casa, paupertatemque fatendo effecere levem nee iniqua mente ferendo. 15 Nee refert, dominos illic famulosne requiras : tota domus duo sunt, idem parentque iubentque. Ergo ubi caelicolae parvos tetigere penates submissoque humiles intrarunt vertice postes, membra senex posito iussit relevare sedili, 20 10 OVID STORIES quo superiniecit textum rude sedula Baucis. Inde foco tepidum cinerem dimovit et ignes suscitat hesternos foliisque et cortice'sicco nutrit et ad flammas anima producit anili. Multifidasque faces ramaliaque arida tecto 25 detulit et minuit parvoque admovit aeno ; quodque suus coniunx riguo collegerat horto, truncat olus foliis. Furca levat ille bicorni sordida terga suis nigro pendentia tigno, servatoque diu resecat de tergore partem 30 exiguam, sectamque domat ferventibus undis. ^ Interea medias fallunt sermonibus horas, ' concutiuntque to rum de molli fluminis ulva, impositum lecto sponda pedibusque saligriis. Vestibus hunc velant, quas non nisi tempore festo 35 sternere consuerarit ; sed et haec vilisque vetusque vestis erat, lecto non indignanda saligno. Accubuere dei. Mensam succincta tremensque ponit anus ; mensae sed erat pes tertius ioipar. Testa parem fecit ; quae postquam subdita clivum 40 sustulit, aequatam mentae tersere virentes. Ponitur hie bicolor sincerae baca Minervae conditaque in liquida corna autumnalia faece intibaque et radix et lactis massa coacti ovaque non acri leviter versata favilla: 45 omnia fictilibus. Post haec caelatus eodem sistitur argento crater fabricataque fago pocula, qua cava sunt, flaventibus illita ceris. FROM THE METAMORPHOSES. 11 Parva mora est epulasque foci misere calentes, nee longae rursus referuntur vina senectae 50 dantque locum mensis paulum seducta secundis. Hie mix, hie mixta est rugosis Carica palmis prunaque et in patulis redolentia mala canistris et de purpureis collectae vitibus uvae. Candidus in medio favus est. Super omnia voltus 55 accessere boni nee iners pauperque voluntas. Interea totiens haustum cratera repleri sponte sua per seque vident succrescere vina. Attoniti iiovitate pavent manibusque supinis concipiunt Baucisque preces timidusque Philemon 60 et veniam dapibus nullisque paratibus orant, Unicus anser erat minim ae custodia villae ; t quern dis hospitibus domini mactare parabant. Hie celer penna tardos aetate fatigat eluditque diu, tandemque est visus ad ipsos 65 confugisse deos. Superi vetuere necari, "Di" que " sumus, meritasque luet vicinia poenas impia;" dixerunt "vobis immunibus huius esse mali dabitur, modo vestra relinquite tecta ac nostros comitate gradus et in ardua montis 70 ite simul." Parent ambo baculisque levati nituntur longo vestigia ponere clivo. Tan turn aberant summo, quantum semel ire sagitta missa potest : flexere oculos et mersa palude cetera prospiciunt, tantum sua tecta manere. 75 12 OVID STORIES Dumque ea mirantur, dum deflent fata suorum, ilia vetus dominis etiam casa parva duobus, vertitur in templum : furcas subiere columnae, stramina flavescunt aurataque tecta videntur caelataeque fores adopertaque marmore tellus. 80 Talia turn placido Saturnius edidit ore : "Dicite, iuste senex et femina coniuge iusto digna, quid optetis." Cum Baucide pauca locutus iudicium superis aperit commune Philemon : " Esse sacerdotes delubraque vestra tueri 85 poscimus ; et, quoniam Concordes egimus annos, auferat hora duos eadem, nee coniugis umquam busta meae videam, nee sim tumulandus ab ilia." Vota fides sequitur : templi tutela f uere, donee vita data est. Annis aevoque soluti 90 ante gradus sacros cum starent forte locique inciperent casus, frondere Philemona Baucis, Baucida conspexit senior frondere Philemon, lamque super geminos crescente cacumine voltus mutua, dum licuit, reddebant dicta "Vale"que 95 " o coniunx ! " dixere simul, simul abdita texit ora frutex.^ Ostendit adhuc Tyanems illic incola de gemino vicinos corpore truncos. Haec mihi iion vani (neque erat cur fallere vellent) narravere senes. Equidem pendentia vidi 100 serta super ramos ponensque recentia dixi : " Cura pii dis sunt et, qui coluere, coluntur." FROM THE METAMORPHOSES. 13 VI. MIDAS (xi. 87-193). Bacchus, grateful to Midas, king of Phrygia, for bringing back Silenus to him, grants him a boon. He chooses that all that he touches shall be changed to gold. This gift which brings disastrous results is cancelled; but Midas having shoivn his want of taste in preferring Pan's music to Apollo's is con- demned to wear the ears of an ass. Pactolon fluvium, quaravis non aureus illo tempore nee caris erat invidiosus harenis, Bacchi assueta cohors, Satyri Bacchaeque, fre- quentant ; at Silenus abest. Titubantem annisque meroque ruricolae cepere Phryges vinctumque coronis 5 ad regem duxere Midan, cut Thracius Orpheus orgia tradiderat cum Cecropio Eumolpo. Qui simul agnovit socium comitemque sacrorum, hospitis adventu festum genialiter egit per bis quinque dies et iunctas ordine noctes. 10 Et iam stellarurn sublime coegerat agmen Lucifer undecimus, Lydos cum laetus in agros rex venit et iuveni Silenum reddit alumno. Huic deus optandi gratum, sed inutile, fecit muneris arbitrium, gaudens altore recepto. 15 Ille, male usurus donis, ait " Effice, quidquid cor pore contigero, fulvum vertatur in aurum." 14 OVID STOEIES Admiit optatis noeituraque munera solvit Liber, et indoluit, quod non meliora petisset. Laetus abit gaudetque malo Berecyntius heros, 20 pollicitique fidem tangendo singula temptat. Vixque sibi credens non alta fronde virentem ilice detraxit virgam : virga aurea f acta est. Tollit humo saxum : saxum quoque palluit auro. Contigit et glaebam : contactu glaeba potent! 25 massa fit. Arentis Cereris decerpsit aristas : aurea inessis erat. Deinptum tenet arbore pomum: Hesperidas donasse putes. Si postibus altis admovit digitos, postes radiare videntur. Ille etiam liquidis palmas ubi laverat undis, 30 unda fluens palmis Danaen eludere posset. Vix spes ipse suas animo capit, aurea iingens omnia. Gaudenti mensas posuere ministri exstructas dapibus nee tostae frugis egentes. Turn vero, sive ille sua Cerealia dextra 35 munera contigerat, Cerealia dona rigebant ; sive dapes avido convellere dente parabat, lamina fulva dapes admoto dente premebat. Miscuerat puris auctorem muneris undis : fusile per rictus aurum fluitare videres. 40 Attonitus novitate mali, divesque miserque, effugere op tat opes et, quae modo voverat, odit. Copia nulla famem relevat ; sitis arida guttur urit, efc inviso meritus torquetur ab auro. Ad caelumque manus et splendida bracchia tollens 45 FROM THE METAMORPHOSES. 15 "Da veniam, Lenaee pater, peccavimus !" inquit " Sed miserere, precor, speciosoque eripe damno ! " Mite deum numen : Bacchus peccasse fatentem restituit factique fidem data munera solvit. "Neve male optato maneas circumlitus auro, 50 vade " ait " ad magnis vicinnm Sardibus amnem perque iugum mentis labentibus obvius undis carpe viam, donee venias ad fluminis ortus, spumigeroque tuum fonti, qua plurimus exit, subde caput, corpusque simul, simul elue crimen." Kex iussae succedit aquae. Vis aurea tinxit 56 flumen et humano de corpore cessit in amnem. Nunc quoque iam veteris percepto semine venae arva rigent, auro madidis pallentia glaebis. - Ille, perosus opes, silvas et rura colebat 60 Panaque montanis habitantem semper in antris. Pingue sed ingenium mansit, nocituraque, ut ante, rursus erant domino stolidae praecordia mentis. Nam freta prospiciens late riget arduus alto Tmolus in ascensu clivoque extensus utroque 65 Sardibus hinc, illinc parvis finitur Hypaepis. Pan ibi dum teneris iactat sua carmina nymphis et leve cerata modulatur harundine carmen, ausus Apollineos prae se contemnere cantus iudice sub Tmolo certamen venit ad impar. 70 Monte suo senior iudex consedit et aures liberat arboribus ; quercu coma caerula tantum cingitur et pendent circum cava tempora glandes. 16 OVID STORIES Isque deum pecoris spectans <( In iudice " dixit a nulla mora est." Calamis agrestibus insonat ille : 75 barbaricoque Midan aderat nam forte canenti carmine delenit. Post hunc sacer ora retorsit Tmolus ad os Phoebi : voltum sua silva secuta est. Ille caput flavum lauro Parnaside vinctus verrit humum Tyrio saturata murice palla, 80 instructamque fidem gemmis et dentibus Indis sustinet a laeva, tenuit manus altera plectrum. Artificis status ipse fuit. Turn stamina docto pollice sollicitat ; quorum dulcedine captus Pana iubet Tmolus citharae submittere cannas. 85 Indicium sanctique placet sententia montis omnibus ; arguitur tamen atque iniusta vocatur - unius sermone Midae. Nee Delius aures humanam stolidas patitur retinere figuram, sed trahit in spatium villisque albentibus implet 90 instabilesque iinas facit et dat posse moveri. Cetera sunt hominis : partem damnatur in unam, induiturque aures lente gradientis aselli. Ille quidem celat turpique onerata pudore tempora purpureis temptat velare tiaris. 95 Sed solitus longos ferro resecare capillos viderat hoc famulus. Qui cum nee prodere visum dedecus auderet, cupiens efferre sub auras, nee posset reticere tamen, secedit humumque effodit et, domini quales aspexerit aures, 100 voce refert parva terraeque immurinurat haustae ; FROM THE METAMORPHOSES. 17 indicium que suae vocis tellure regesta obruit, et scrobibus tacitus discedit opertis. Creber harundinibus tremulis ibi surgere lucus coepit et, ut primum pleno maturuit anno 105 prodidit agricolam. Leni nam motus ab Austro obruta verba refert dorninique coarguit aures. VII. CADMUS FOUNDS THEBES (iii. 7-130). Cadmus, wandering in Greece under the guidance of Apollo, encounters a huge dragon, which kills his companions. After a fierce fight he slays the monster, and at the bidding of Pallas soius its teeth in the ground. Straightway there springs up a crop of armed men, who turn their weapons against each other and fight until only five are left alive. With these sur- vivors he founds the city of Thebes. Profugus patriamque iramque parentis vitat Agenorides Phoebique oracula supplex corisulit et, qnae sit tellus habitanda requirit. " Bos tibi " Phoebus ait " solis occurret in arvis, nullum passa iugum curvique immunis aratri : 5 hac duce carpe vias et, qua requieverit herba, moenia fac condas Boeotiaque ilia vocato." Yix bene Castalio Cadmus descenderat antro : incustoditam lente videt ire iuvencam, nullum servitii signum cervice gerentem. 10 Subsequitur pressoque legit vestigia gressu 18 OVID STORIES auctoremque viae Phoebum taciturnus adorat. lam vada Cephisi Panopesque evaserat arva : bos stetit et, tollens speciosam cornibus altis ad caelum frontem, mugitibus impulit auras, 15 atque ita respiciens comites sua terga sequentes, procubuit teneraque latus submisit in herba. Cadmus agit grates, peregrinaeque oscula terrae figit et ignotos montes agrosque salutat; sacra lovi facturus erat : iubet ire ministros 20 et petere e vivis libandas fontibus undas; Silva vetus stabat, nulla violata securi, et specus in medio, virgis et vimine densus, efficiens humilein lapidum compagibus arcum, uberibus f ecundus aquis ; ubi conditus antro 25 Martius anguis erat, cristis praesignis et auro : igne micant oculi, corpus tumet omne veneno, tresque vibrant linguae, triplici stant ordine dentes. Quern postquam Tyria lucum de gente profecti infausto tetigere gradu, demissaque in undas 30 urna dedit sonitum, longo caput extulit antro caeruleus serpens horrendaque sibila misit. Effluxere urnae manibus, sanguisque relinquit corpus et attonitos subitus tremor occupat artus. Ille volubilibus squamosos nexibus orbes 35 torquet et immensos saltu sinuatur in arcus, ac media plus parte leves erectus in auras despicit omne nemus, tantoque est corpore, quanto, si totum spectes, geminas qui separat Arctos. FROM THE METAMORPHOSES. 19 mora, Phoenicas, sive illi tela parabant 40 sive fugam, sive ipse timor prohibebat utrumque, occupat ; hos morsu, longis complexibus illos, hos necat afflati funesta tabe veneni. Fecerat exiguas iam sol altissimus umbras : quae mora sit sociis, miratur Agenore natus 45 vestigatque viros. Tegumen direpta leonis pellis erat, telum splendenti lancea ferro et iaculum, teloque animus praestantior omni. Ut nemus intravit letataque corpora vidit victoremque supra spatiosi corporis hostem 50 tristia sanguinea lambentem volnera lingua, " Aut ultor vestrae, fidissima corpora, mortis aut comes" inquit " ero." Dixit dextraque molarem sustulit et magnum magno conamine misit. Illius impulsu cum turribus ardua celsis 55 moenia mota forent : serpens sine volnere mansit, loricaeque modo squamis defensus et atrae duritia pellis, validos cute reppulit ictus. At non duritia iaculum quoque vicit eadem, quod medio lentae spinae curvamine fixum 60 constitit et totum descendit in ilia ferrum. Ille dolore ferox caput in sua terga retorsit volneraque aspexit fixumque hastile momordit; idque ubi vi multa partem labefecit in omnem, vix tergo eripuit ; ferrum tamen ossibus haesit. 65 Turn vero, postquam solitas accessit ad iras causa recens, plenis tumuerunt guttura venis, 20 OVID STORIES spumaque pestiferos circumfluit albida rictus, terraque rasa sonat squamis, quique halitus exit ore niger Stygio, vitiatas inficit auras. 70 Ipse modo imniensum spiris facientibus orbem cingitur, interdum longa trabe rectior exstat, impete nunc vasto, ceu concitus imbribus amnis, fertur et obstantes proturbat pectore silvas. Cedit Agenorides paulum, spolioque leonis 75 sustinet incursus instantiaque ora retardat cuspide praetenta. Furit ille et inania duro volnera dat ferro figitque in acumine dentes. lamque venenifero sanguis manare palato coeperat et virides aspergine tinxerat herbas ; So sed leve volnus erat, quia se retrahebat ab ictu laesaque colla dabat retro, plagainque sedere cedendo arcebat nee longius ire sinebat: donee Agenorides coniectuin in gutture ferrum usque sequens pressit, dum retro quercus eunti 85 obstitit et fixa est pariter cum robore cervix. Pondere serpentis curvata est arbor, et imae parte flagellari gemuit sua robora caudae. Dum spatium victor victi considerat hostis, vox subito audita est (neque erat cognoscere promptum, 90 unde, sed audita est): "Quid, Agenore nate, per- emptum serpentem spectas ? Et tu spectabere serpens." Ille diu pavidus pariter cum mente colorem FROM THE METAMORPHOSES. 21 perdiderat gelidoque comae terrore rigebant. Ecce viri fautrix, superas delapsa per auras 95 Pallas adest motaeque iubet supponere terrae vipereos dentes, populi incrementa futuri. Paret et, ut presso sulcum patefecit aratro, spargit humi iussos, mortalia semina, dentes. Iiide, fide mains, glaebae coepere mover! 100 primaque de sulcis acies apparuit hastae, tegmina mox capitum picto nutantia cono, mox umeri pectusque onerataque braccliia telis exsistunt crescitque seges clipeata virorum. 104^ Territus hoste novo Cadmus capere arma parabat : "Ne cape" (de populo, quern terra creaverat, unus exclamat) "nee te civilibus insere bellis ! " Atque ita terrigenis rigido de fratribus unum comminus ense ferit, iaculo cadit eminus ipse. Hie quoque, qui leto dederat, non longius illo no vivit et exspirat, modo quas acceperat, auras. Exemploque pari furit omnis turba, suoque Marte cadunt subiti per mutua volnera fratres. lamque brevis vitae spatium sortita iuventus sanguineo tepidam plangebat pectore matrem, 115 quinque superstitious, quorum fuit unus Echion. Is sua iecit humo monitu Tritonidis arma fraternaeque fidem pacis petiitque deditque. Hos operis comites habuit Sidonius hospes, cum posuit iussam Phoebeis sortibus urbem. 120 22 OVID STORIES VIII. PYGMALION (x. 243-294). Pygmalion, of Cyprus, made a statue of such beauty that he fell in love ivith it. At his earnest prayer Venus brought it to life. Pygmalion sine coniuge caelebs vivebat, thalamique diu consorte carebat. Interea niveum mira feliciter arte sculpsit ebur, formamque dedit, qua femina nasci nulla potest, operisque sui concepit amorem. $ Virginis est verae facies, quam vivere credas., et si non obstet reverentia, velle inoveri. Ars adeo latet arte sua. Miratur et haurit pectore Pygmalion siraulati corporis ignes. Saepe manus operi temptantes admovet, an sit ID corpus an illud ebur; nee adhuc ebur esse fatetur. Oscula dat reddique putat, loquiturque tenetque, et credit tactis digitos insidere membris ; et metuit, presses veniat ne livor in artus. Et modo blanditias adhibet, modo grata puellis 15 munera- fert illi, conchas teretesque lapillos, et parvas volucres et flores mille coloruin, liliaque pictasque pilas et ab arbore lapsas Heliadum lacrimas ; ornat quoque vestibus artus, dat digitis gemmas, dat longa monilia collo. 20 Aure leves bacae, redirnicula pectore pendent. FROM THE METAMORPHOSES. 23 decent, nee nuda minus formosa videtur. Testa dies Veneris tota celeberrima Cypro venerat, et pandis inductae cornibus aurum conciderant ictae nivea cervice iuvencae, 25 turaque f umabant ; cum munere f unctus ad aras constitit et timide " si di dare cuncta potestis, sit coniunx opto," non ausus "eburnea virgo," dicere Pygmalion, "similis mea," dixit, "eburnae." Sensit, ut ipsa suis aderat Venus aurea festis, 30 vota quid ilia velint ; et, amici numinis omen, flamma ter accensa est, apicemque per aera duxit. Ut rediit simulacra suae petit ille puellae, v^jncumbensque toro dedit oscula. Visa tepere est. ' Teniptatum mollescit ebur, positoque rigore 35 subsidit digitis, ceditque, ut Hymettia sole cera remollescit, tractataque pollice multas flectitur in facies, ipsoque fit utilis usu. Dum stupet et dubie gaudet fallique veretur, rursus amans rursusque manu sua vota retractat. 40 Corpus erat ; saliunt temptatae pollice venae. Turn vero Paphius plenissima concipit heros verba, quibus Yeneri grates agat; oraque tandem ore suo non falsa premit, dataque oscula virgo sensit et erubuit, timidumque ad lumina lumen 45 attollens pariter cum caelo vidit amantem. NOTES. NOTES. Br L pi 5 1. filia, Proserpine, whom Pluto had carried off to Hades to be his bride. matri, Ceres: the dative of the agent. A. & G. 232, a; G. 352; H. 388, 1. 2. With est ^upply quaesita, with quaesita supply est. 3. illam, Cererem. non does not go with udis. udis capillis, 'wet,' because she rose from the sea: abla- tive of quality or descriptive ablative. A. & G. 251; G. 402; H. 419, II. 4. duabus manibus, so as to have one in each hand. 6. pruinosas tenebras, ' through the cold and darkness.' 9. sitim. What other substantives are thus declined? A. & G. 56, a ; G. 60, 2, a ; H. 62, II. ora. The plural is freely used in poetry, sometimes for metrical reasons. A. & G. 79, d ; G. 195, R. 6 ; H. 130, 3. 10. cum . . . vidit. The indicative is used where, by an in- verted construction, what would otherwise be the principal assertion is stated in a subordinate clause introduced by cum. A. & G. 325, b ; G. 581, R. 13. dulce, substantive. 14. dum bibit, ' while she was drinking.' A. & G. 276, e ; G.572; H. 467, II. 4. duri oris, genitive of quality. A. & G. 215; G. 364; H. 396, V. 27 28 OVID. 16. neque adhuc=e nondum. epota parte, ablative absolute. 17. Construe: diva perfudit loquentem polenta mixta cum liquido. 18. ' And what he lately had for arms, he now has for legs.' 21. Short for mensura minor est quam mensura parvae lacertae. parva lacerta, ablative after a comparative. A. & G. 247; G. 399; H. 417. 22. monstra, plural for singular, like ora, verse 9, and cor- pora, verse 24. 23. fugit, perfect. latebra, not so common as the plural latebrae. petit =petiit. Vergil uses the same contracted form (Aen. IX. 9), and we find also peti = petii ; obU = oMit, and like forms, especially in compounds of eo. 24. Alluding to the word stellio (which originally means ' speckled ' or ' starred '), the name of a kind of lizard. corpora, accusative of the part specified. A. & G. 240, c ; G. 332; H. 378. II. 1. quo (tempore), 'when.' 2. onus, ' thy left hand laden with a sylvan crook.' 3. alterius (manus onusfuit) . septenis, the use of distributive for cardinal is poetic. A. & G. 95, d ; G. 310, R. ; H. 174, 2, 4). dispar . . . cannis, cp. III. 10, and VI. 68 n. 4. curae, dative of service or predicative dative. A. & G. 230, a; G. 350; H. 390,1. 6. Maia, ablative of origin. A. & G. 244, a; G. 395 ; H. 415, II. Maia, daughter of Atlas, was the mother, Jupiter the father, of Mercury (verse 18). 7. arte sua. Mercury was a notorious thief, and the god of thieves. occultat abactas. Translate by two co-ordinate clauses. A. & G. 292, R. ; G. 667, R. 1 ; H. 549, 5. NOTES. 29 9. vicinia vocabant. Nouns of multitude often take the predicate in the plural. This agreement of words according to the sense (construct io ad sensum) is called Synesis. A. & G. 205, c, 1 ; G. 202, R. 1 ; H. 461, 1. In V. 67, vicinia has a singular verb. 10. Nelei, dissyllable. A. & G. 347, c ; G. 721 ; H. 608, III. 12. hunc, Battum. timuit, Mercurius. 14. vidisse, the subject te is omitted. Neu . . . nulla, ' and that some.' facto, * the service.' 15. praemia, ' as your reward ' : plural for singular ; cp. ora, 1.9. 16. accepta (vaccd), ablative absolute. 17. eas, the subjunctive used as an imperative. A. & G. 266, a ; G.256; H. 484, IV. N. 2. 19. versa figura, abl. abs. pariter cum voce = and his voice at the same time, a favorite form of expression in Ovid. Cp. VII. 86; VII. 93; VIII. 46. 20. hoc limite, this way.' A. & G. 258, g ; G. 387 ; H. 420, 1, 3. 21. furto, dative instead of the ablative with a preposition. A. & G. 229 ; G. 346 ; H. 386, 2. 22. iuncta, 'mated.' femina, = vacca. pretium, ' as your pay.' 23. geminata, est. See III. 18 n. senior = senex. erunt, i.e. you will find that they are there : cp. Juvenal I. 126, noli vexare, quiescet : ' don't trouble her, you will find she is asleep.' 26. pectora : the part for the whole. So puppis is often used for navis t axis for currus, etc. 27. silicem, with marked reference to verse 17. Index, ' Touchstone.' 28. nihil merito, ' unoffending,' ' innocent.' 30 OVID. III. 1. perosus, ' though hating.' A. & G. 292 ; G. 667 ; H. 549, 2. 2. loci natalis, Athens: the objective genitive. A. & G. 217; G. 361, 2 ; H. 396, III. 3. licet, ' although ' : the impersonal verb used as a conjunc- tion. 4. obstruat, Minos: licet takes the subjunctive. A. & G. 313, 6; G. 609; H. 415, III. 5. possideat, the subjunctive used as a concessive. A. & G. 266, c ; G. 257 ; H. 484, III. 6. dimittit, ' devotes.' 7. novat, ' revolutionizes ' ; cp. the phrases, novare res and novae res, used of a revolution. 8. ' Beginning with the smallest, a shorter (feather) following a long one.' The details in this line are somewhat confused, but the general meaning is obvious from what follows. 9. clivo, a poetical extension of the ablative of the place where, - in clivo. A. & G. 258, /, 3 ; G. 384, R. 2; H. 425, 2, N. 3. As trees on a slope grow one above another, so the feathers are arranged. putes, ' you would think ' (i.e. if you saw them : the con- dition being only implied). A. & G. 311, a; G. 250 ; H. 485, N. 3. The subject is impliedly indefinite (i.e. you = one) . 11. medias . . . imas ; see IV. 24 n. 13. aves = avium alas. 14. ' That he was handling what was to be his bane ' ; a bold use of an abstract instead of a concrete word. 17. mollibat, old form for molliebat. A. & G. 128, e, 1 ; G. 191, 4; H.240, 1. 18. postquam regularly takes the indicative (usually in the perfect or historical present) . A . & G. 324 ; G. 563 ; H. 518, N. 1. The English translation is often the pluperfect. manus ultima, ' the finishing touch.' NOTES. 31 19. ' The artist poised his own body on the twin wings, and hung in the ruffled airj 21. limite. See II. 20 n. Construe aitque : moneo ut medio limite curras. 22. demissior . . . celsior, 'too low . . . too high.' A. & G. 93, a ; G. 312, 2 ; H. 444, 1. 23. ignis, viz. of the sun. 24. The objective genitive represents many English phrases besides the possessive case and the preposition of. volandi here = de volando. 25. umeris, dative with compound of ad. A. & G. 228, N. 2 ; G. 34G ; H. 38(5, 1. 28. repetenda. The gerundive is sometimes virtually a future passive participle : cp. Livy, 9, 5, alii alios intueri, contemplari arma mox tradenda, et inermes futuras dextras. Join nato suo. 29. comiti. A. & G. 227, c; G. 347; H. 385, 1. 31. hortatur, Daedalus. The usual construction after hortari is ut with the subjunctive, as after other verbs implying ' ask, command, advise, and strive.' But sometimes the infinitive follows as the accusative of the object: cp. Sallust, Jugurtha, 24, plura de lugurtha scribere dehortatur mefortuna mea. erudit (eum) artes. In poetry and post- Augustan prose erudire takes two accusatives (like docere}. Cicero (Tusculan Disputations, 2, 14) uses it with the ablative: Lycuryi leges laboribus erudiunt iuventutem. 34. innixus governs both ablatives, baculo and stiva. A. & G. 254, b, 1 ; G. 403, R. 3 ; H. 425, 1, 1), N. 35. Construe crediditque eos decs esse, qui possent (causal clause) . A. & G. 320, e ; G. 636 ; H. 517. aether a carper e, ' to fly ' ; an exaggeration of the common phase viam carper e (' to take one's way ' ). 36. Hera (whom the Romans confused and identified with their Juno} had a splendid temple at Samos, called the Heraeum. It was the largest temple of which Herodotus knew. [The 32 OVID. course of Daedalus and his son was : first, north to the Cyclades ; then, east to Samos ; then south.] 37. f uerat, relicta. relictae, fuerant. 38. dextra, nominative. 39. volatu. A. & G. 254, &, 1 ; G. 407 ; H. 416. 44. remigio. A. & G. 243, a ; G. 389 ; H. 414, 1. Abstract for concrete. 45. caerulea, ablative. 46. nomen, viz. Icarium mare, between Chios and Cos. 47. nee iam, ' nay, no longer.' 50. sepulcro. Cp. clivo, verse 9 n. 51. tellus, the island of Icaria, south of Chios, dicta, est. IV. 1. agris = in agris. Cp. clivo, III. 9 n. 2. deanr, Latona, mother by Jove of Apollo and Diana. 3. ignobilitate, causal ablative. A. & G. 245; G. 407; H.416. 4. praesens, ' with my own eyes.' 5. aevo, ablative of specification. A. & G. 253; G. 398; H. 424, N. 1. 6. viae. Present participles used adjectivally regularly gov- ern an objective genitive. A. & G. 218, b ; G. 374 ; H. 399, II. Impatiens, though not strictly a participle, takes a similar genitive. 7. inde, i.e. from Lycia. Join dacem yentis illius = (Lycian). 8. cum quo. cum is usually placed after the relative pro- noun. A. & G. 104, e, N. ; G. 414, R. 1 ; H. 187, 2. 9. lacu medio. See verse 24 n. The omission of the preposi- tion in is easier because of the epithet. A. & G. 258, /, 2; G. 386 ; H. 425, 2, N. 2. Join ara vetus, nif/ra favilld sacrorum. 11. Faveas mini, a passing prayer is offered. A. & G. 266, a ; G. 256, 2 ; H. 484, IV. NOTES. 33 14. Construe rogabam tamen, ara foret Na'iadum Faunine indigenaeve del. This is an instance of a dependent alternative question. For the omission of the interrogative particle in the first member, see A. & G. 211, a ; G. 462, 4 ; H. 353, 2. 14. cum = et turn. See I. 10 n. re-t-tulit probably owes its first t to the fact that tuli is for the reduplicated form te-tuli. 17. All lands refused to receive Latona for fear of Juno, so she wandered on until she came to Delos, which was then a floating (erratica) island. She there gave birth to Apollo and Diana. 19. puerpera (i.e. Latona), ' [when she had become] a mother.' 21. Join Lyciae Chimaeriferae. cum . . . ureret. A. & G. 325, N.; G. 586, R. ; H. 521, II. 2. 22. in, thus placed between its case and the genitive thereon dependent, is a poetical liberty. 24. imis vallibus. ' Primus, ultimus, summus, imus, ex- tremus,B,nd other like adjectives are used as epithets with parti- tive force.' A. & G. 193; G. 287, R. ; H. 440, 2, N. 1. 27. Titania, she was the daughter of the Titan Coeus (Kolo?). See verse 48. 29. turba vetant. See II. 9 n. 30. prohibetis, the direct object me is easily supplied. aquis is the ablative of separation. A. & G. 243, a; G. 388 ; H. 414, I. 31. proprium, ' private property,' ' a monopoly.' 32. publica, ' common,' ' which all may share.' 33. ut detis. A. & G. 331 ; G. 546; H. 498, I. peto with short o is found in all poets, as also void, amd, scid, neytt, veto, and the parenthetical putti and rogd. A. & G. 348, 7 ; G. 704, 5, Exc. 2 ; H. 581, II. 2. nostros =meos, unless the babes are included. 35. loquentis, * as I speak.' 37. Construe fatebor (me) accepisse vitam. The omission of the subject of accepisse is poetical. 3-4 o Fm 38. dederitis. The i in imus, itis of the future perfect indic- ative and perfect subjunctive, is sometimes long. A. & G. 351, a ; G. 112 ; H. 586, III. 5. 39. moveant, the subjunctive used to express a wish. A. & G. 267 ; G. 253 ; H. 484, I. ' 40. sinu-e sinu. A. & G. 258, a, N. 3; G. 388, R. 3; H. 414, N. 1. 41. potuissent forms the apodosis of a conditional sentence of which the protasis is wholly omitted. The suppressed condition is 'if trial had been made.' (This is sometimes called the potential subjunctive.) A. & G. 311, a, R. ; G. 602 ; H. 486, N. 2. 46. movere, * stirred up.' 47. distulit, i.e. made her forget. 48. dicere is the direct object to the verb sustinet. 49. minora dea, ' to say aught below what a goddess should,' = minora verbis deae. See I. 21 n. 50. aeternum, adverb. vivatis, optative ; cp. moveant, verse 39. 52. modo . . . nunc, instead of the usual modo . . . modo. cava palude, ' in the depths of the marsh.' 53. summo gurgite, ' on the surface of the water.' Cp. imo e gurgite, verse 45, and see verse 24 n. 54. considers, 'squat.' 56. pulso : we may translate by the preposition ' without.' 57. sint. A. & G. 313, a ; G. 608 ; H. 515, III. 59. ' their foul words make their yawning mouths grow wide.' patulos, proleptic use of the adjective; cp. abdita, V. 96 n. 62. novae, ' new-made.' V. 3. quo is the ablative of the relative. quo minus (=iit eo minus), 'that thereby the less.' 8. caducifer. He did not, however, carry his wand, but had laid it aside with his wings. NOTES. 35 9. Atlantiades. See II. 6 n. 10. una, domus. 13. ilia agrees with casd. See III. 9 n. 15. nee iniqua mente = et aequd mente, ' with an even tem- per.' Ablative of manner. A. & G. 248 ; G. 401 ; H. 419, III. 16. dominos famulosne requiras. See IV. 13 n. 17. dud. A. & G. 348, 7, Exc.; G. 704, 5, Exc. 3; H. 581, II. 1. idem, nom. pi. 20. iussit, eos. 21. quo, adverb = in quod. 22. dimovit, Baucis. 27. Construe truncatque foliis olus, quod suus coniunx col- leger at. 28. truncat foliis, ' strips of leaves.' foliis, ablative of specification. See IV. 5 levat, * takes down.' 29. suis, from sus. sordida, nigro, viz. from the smoke, terga. See I. 9 n. 30. partem, ' a rasher.' 31. domat, i.e. boils soft. 32. medias boras, while the bacon is being boiled, fallimt, ' they wile away.' 33. torum de ulva. De is sometimes used to designate the material out of which anything is made. Cp. Verg. G. III. 13, temphtm de marmore ponam. 34. sponda (saligna) pedibusque salignis, 'with willow frame and legs.' Descriptive ablative. See I. 3 n. 35. non nisi, 'only.' 37. lecto, dative. A. & G. 232 ; G. 353 ; H. 388. 40. postquam . . . sustulit. See III. 18 n. 41. = mentis virentibus tersit (sc. Baucis). 36 OVID. 42. baca Minervae. The olive was sacred to Minerva, bicolor, viz. green and black. 45. non acri. i.e. no longer glowing. 47. argento, fago, ablative of material. A.& G.244, N. 1 ; G. 396,2; H. 415, III. 48. ' Smeared inside with yellow wax.' qua cava sunt = in the bowl. flavens is here a mere adjective. illita, from illinere : in compounded with adjectives is usually negative, so dic/nus, indignus ; but never with verbs with the exception of indecere = ' to misbeseem.' 50. Construe et vina non longae senectae (genitive of quality) rursus refemntiir. ref eruntur . . . seducta. The wine was brought on again after the second course, and only set aside (not taken from the table) to make room for the dessert. Mensis secundis, 'the dessert,' at which much wine was drunk ; the words are here used of the third course. The poet makes the Phrygian peasants follow the order of a Roman dinner. 52. hie, i.e. in this course. 54. purpureis : the epithet is transferred to the vine from the grapes. 56. nee negatives both iners and pauper : l neither sluggish nor scanty.' 7. cratera, Greek accusative. Cp. 1 Kings xvii. 16, "And the barrel of meal wasted not, neither did the cruse of oil fail." 59. supinis, open with the palms upward, the ancient attitude of prayer. 61. nullis paratibus, 'for their lack of preparation.' 62. minimae, ' tiny.' custodia, abstract for concrete. 65. visus est, 'was seen,' passive; not, as usual, 'seemed.' 67. Join dixeruntque. 68. immunibus, dative. A. & G. 272, , 2; G. 535, R. 2; H. 536, 2, 3. NOTES. 37 69. mail, objective genitive. A. & G. 218, a; G. 373; H. 399, 1.3. 70. The active form comitare is only poetical. ardua montis, an instance of a partitive genitive depend- ent upon a neuter adjective. A. & G. 216, b ; G. 371, R. 7 ; H. 397, N. 4. 71. simul, i.e. with us. 73. Join semel missa, ' at one flight.' 76. ea, ' this sight.' suorum, ' of their neighbours.' 77. Construe ilia vetus casa, parva etiam duobits dominis. 78. f ureas subiere, ' came into the place of the fork-like props,' which supported the gables. 79. stramina, the roof was thatched, verse 11. flavescunt is explained by the following aurata. videntur, passive. Cp. visus est, verse 65. 82. coniuge, ablative with diynus. A. & G. 245, a, 1 ; G. 373, R. 3; H. 421, III. 83. optetis, subjunctive in a dependent interrogative clause. A. & G. 334 ; G. 469 ; H. 529, I. 85. esse . . . poscimus. Cp. hortatur sequi, III. 31 n. 87. auferat, optative. Cp. moveant, IV. 39 n. 89. tutela, abstract for concrete, as custodia, verse 62. 90. soluti, * weakened,' 'worn out.' 92. inciperent, 'were beginning to speak of.' Philemona, Greek accusative, as Baucida, verse 93. 95. mutua reddebant, ' exchanged.' 96. abdita, proleptic or anticipative use of the adjective, 'covered and concealed.' Cp. Verg. Aen. III. 237, scuta latentia condunt, 'they hide their shields in ambush,' and Tennyson's line, " And strikes him dead for thine and thee." 97. Tyana was really in Cappadocia, not Phrygia (verse 4). 98. ' that had grown from the two bodies.' 38 OVID. 99. neque erat cur, * and there was no reason why.' vellent, subjunctive in a relative clause denoting charac- teristic. A. & G. 320 ; G. 634 ; H. 503, 1. N. 2. 100. pendentia, from pendere, not pendere. 101. recentia, serta. 102. Cp. 1 Samuel ii. 30, 'For them that honour me I will honour.' The story of Philemon and Baucis may remind the reader of the Acts of the Apostles xiv. 11, 12 : ' And when the people saw what Paul had done, they lifted up their voices, saying in the speech of Lycaonia, The gods are come down to us in the likeness of men. And they called Barnabas, Jupiter ; and Paul, Mercurius, because he was the chief speaker.' The Delphin editor saw another Biblical parallel in the story of Lot, Genesis xix. An English version of the story is given in Hawthorne's Wonder Book, under the title, * The Miraculous Pitcher.' VI. 1. quamvis . . . erat. In poetry and in late prose quamvis often takes the indicative. A. & G. 313, g; G. 608, R. 1; H. 515, N. 3. 2. harenis, causal ablative. See IV. 3 n. 5. * Wreathed with garlands,' i.e. decked for drinking. 7. The rhythm Cecropi \o Eu\ molpo is imitated from the Greek. Cp. Verg. Eel. II. 24, in Actaeo Aracyntho. " Orpheus, like other early bards, is called Thracian. This means that he was connected with the worship of the Muses, goddesses who preside over poetry. Their worship was imparted by a people called Thracians to the Greeks in Pieria, a district on the N. E. border of Thessaly, whence it spread southward. . . . The mystic worship of Demeter at Eleusis in Attica was said to have been founded by the ' Thracian ' Eumolpus (' the good chanter ')." Jebb, Primer of Greek Literature, p. 18. 8. simul = simul ac. sacrorum, Bacchi. NOTES. 39 9. adventu, causal ablative. 10. iunctas (sc. diebus) ordine (lit. 'in a row ') = ' con- secutive.' 11. agmen cogere, a military technical term, * to bring up the rear.' Lucifer, as the morning star, is the last to disappear. Cp. Ov. M. II. 114, Diffuglunt stellae, quarum agmina cogit Lucifer, et cceli stations novissimus exit. 13. iuveni, adjective, alumno, i.e. Bacchus. 15. altore recepto. Translate the participle by a verbal noun. A. & G. 292, a; G. 324, R. 3; H. 549, N. 2. For the case of altore see III. 39 71. 16. usurus, ' fated to use ' ; so nocitura, verse 18. 17. vertatur, for ut vertatur. A. & G. 331, /, R. ; G. 546, R. 3 ; H. 499, 2. 18. solvit, ' pays ' ; for his promise made him a debtor. 19. petisset, subjunctive of 'virtual oratio obliqua.' A. & G. 321 ; G. 541 ; H. 516, II. For the contracted form see I. 23 71. 20. Berecyntius heros, Midas. The mountain Berecyntus was sacred to Cybele, the mother of Midas. 21. ' He tests the fulfilment of the promise.' 22. Construe ilice non alt a detraxit virgam fronde virentem. 26. massa, * a mass of gold.' Ceres is often used for ' corn ' as Bacchus for ' wine.' Cp. verses 35, 39. 28. The Hesperides watched a garden with golden apples, putes: see note ouputes, III. 9, and on potuissent, IV. 41. 29. videntur, passive, as at V. 79. 31. palmis, ' from his hands.' Danae, daughter of Acrisius, and mother of Perseus by Zeus, who visited her in the form of a shower of gold, when she was shut up in a tower by her father. posset. Cp. note on potuissent, IV. 41. 40 OVID. 34. frugis, genitive depending upon egentes. A. & G. 243, /; G. 389, R. 2 ; H. 410, V. 1. 35. sive . . . sive, ' if ... or if.' Cerealia munera, i.e. the bread. 37. parabat, 'tried.' 38. admoto dente, ablative absolute. ' A layer of ruddy gold spread over the feast, as his teeth fastened on it.' 39. auctorem muneris = Bacchum = vinum. A far-fetched and exaggerated expression. 40. videres, * you might have seen ' : ' you ' = ' any one.' A. & G. 311, a, N. 2 ; G. 252 ; H. 485, N. 1. Cp. putes, verse 28. 44. meritus, with adverbial force. A. & G. 191 ; G. 324, R. 6 ; H. 443. ab auro. The aurum is poetically regarded as a personal agent, hence the preposition. 45. Cp. circumlitits auro, verse 50. 48. mite, est. deum, genitive plural. A. & G. 40, e ; G. 29, R. 3 ; H. 52, 3. 49. * Gave him back his former estate, and as proof of what he had done cancelled the boon he had granted.' Facti fidem is loosely placed in apposition with data munera solvit. Midas felt sure that he was his old self when he lost his power of turning objects into gold. 53. donee venias. A. & G. 328 ; G. 574 ; H. 519, II. 2. 54. plurimus, ' in full stream.' 55. corpus, to be taken with elue, as the repeated simul shows. 56. vis aurea, ' the power of producing gold.' 58. ' Now the fields also, having received the seed of the long- established vein (of gold) , are stiff and pale with gold-steeped clods.' 60. colebat applies to silvas et rura in one sense (' haunted ' ), to Pana in another (' worshipped '). This usage is called Zeug- ma. A familiar example is Pope's " See Pan with flocks, with fruits Pomona crowned." NOTES. 41 63. domino, its lord, praecordia mentis = mens. 64. prospiciens, * looking out upon.' 66. Sardes was situated to the north of Mount Tmolus, Hypaepa to the south. 68. harundine, ablative of the instrument. A. &. G. 248; G. 403; H.420. cerata. The shepherd's pipe was made of reeds of different lengths, joined together with wax. 69. prae se = prae suis. 70. sub, 'before.' Tmolus is here the god of the mountain. The contest was ill-matched because Apollo was the god of music. 71. The god's head has the woods with which the mountain was covered. quercu, * with oak-foliage.' 74. deum pecoris. Cp. Verg. G. 1. 17, Pan ovium custos. 78. As he turned his face, the woods on his head turned also. 79. caput, accusative of the part specified. See note on corpora, I. 24. 82. a laeva, ' on his left side.' The Latin and English idioms look at the act from different points. A. & G. 260, b ; G. 388, R. 2; H. 434, I. 1. 83. ' It was the very pose of an artist.' 85. submitters, ' rank below.' 86. Construe indicium sententiaque sancti mentis. 90. trahit in spatium, ' draws them out lengthwise.' 91. imas, ' at their roots.' Cp. IV. 24 n. posse, object of dat, a frequent construction in poetry. Prose usage would require ut with the subjunctive. A. & G. 331, g ; G. 424, R. 4 ; H. 535, IV. 93. aures, accusative with a passive verb of reflexive mean- ing. A. & G. 240, c, N.; G. 332, R. 2 ; H. 377. 97. cum . . . auderet. A. & G. 326 ; G. 587 ; H. 517. 42 OVID. 98. cupiens. Cp. perosus, III. 1 n. 100. aspexerit. Cp. optetis, V. 83 n. 101. haustae = effossae. 105. pleno anno, ablative absolute, i.e. when a year had past. 106. agricolam. The king's barber is called a ' husbandman * because he planted his secret in the ground. With the first 59 lines of this extract, compare the story of ' The Golden Touch ' in Hawthorne's Wonder Book. VII. 1. patriam, Phoenicia. iram. Agenor had threatened him with banishment if he did not find his sister Europa. 2. Agenorides, Cadmus. Phoebi oracula, at Delphi, in Phocis. 3. sit, cp. optetis, V. 83 n. 4. soils, from solus. 6. hac duce, ablative absolute. herba, poetic for in herba, is brought into the relative clause. 7. moenia, ' a walled town.' fac condas, cp. effice . . . vertatur, VI. 17 n. Boeotia, 'call it Boeotian.' There was another Thebes in Egypt. [The name Boeotia was supposed to be derived from |3oi)s (=L. bos)]. 8. Castalio. The cave in Mount Parnasus which was the seat of the Delphic oracle is here called ' Castalian ' from the neigh- bouring fount of that name, sacred to Apollo and the Muses. antro, ' from the cave.' 11. subsequitur, ' follows close.' presso gressu, ' with slow step.' Cp. Livy, XXVIII. 14, Hispanos . . . presso gradu incedere iubet. 13. evaserat, 'had passed'; cp. Verg. Aen. II. 730, omnem NOTES. 43 videbar evasisse viam, 1 1 thought I had safely passed the whole of the way.' 16. comites, Cadmus and his companions. 18. terrae, locative. 21. libandas, 'to be drawn.' A. & G. 294, d; G. 431; H. 544, 2, N. 2. 26. cristis et auro = cristis aureis, 'with golden crest.' Cp. Verg. G. II. I92,pateris libamiis et auro, ' we make libation from golden cups.' This figure of speech is called hendiadys. A. & G. 385; G. 695; H. 636, III. 2. 29. Join quern lucum, ' this grove.' proficiscor is used in poetry to express descent. Cp. Verg. Aen. VIII. 51, genus a Pallante jwofectum. 30. demissa urna. Cp. altore recepto, VI. 15 n. 33. Sanguis relinquit corpus, they were pale with fear. 36. Simiatur, with reflexive meaning, 'curves himself.' 37. media plus parte, 'more than half his body.' For the omission of quam, see A. & G. 247, c ; G. 311, R. 4 ; H. 417, N. 2. parte is ablative of specification ; cp. aevo, IV. 5 n. 38. despicit, cp. respiciens, verse 16, and prospiciens, VI. 64. Construe tanto est corpore (abl. of quality) quanto (est ille serpens) qui separat, etc., ' as huge of frame as is the Serpent which (in the northern heavens) separates the two Bears ' (i.e. the Great from the Little Bear) . 39. totum, ' his whole body,' adj. 40. nee mora, est, 'without delay.' Fhoenicas, Greek accusative. 43. afflati veneni, ' of his poisoned breath.' 44. Exiguas, complement. Cp. Verg. Eel. I. 83, maioresque cadunt altis de montibus umbrae, and II. 67, et sol crescentes decedens duplicat umbras. altissimus, ' at his highest.' Cp. Verg. Eel. III. 57, mine for- mosissimus annus, ' now is the year at its loveliest.' " 45. Sit, cp. optetis, V. 83 n. Agenore natus, cp. II. 6 n. 44 OVID. 47. telum, ' his weapons.' The singular, in a collective sense, is sometimes used for the plural, as hostis, ' the enemy ' ; miles, 'the soldiery.' ferro, cp. capillis, I. 3 n. 50. supra, adverb, corporis, cp. oris, I. 14 n. 52. mortis, objective genitive; cp. loci, III. 2 n. 54. magnum magno. Latin can, by the freedom of its order, place together words whose resemblance or contrast adds to the effect of the sentence. Cp. Cic. Lael. I. 5, ad senem senex de senectute scripsi. 55. illius, molaris. Join ardua moenia cum turribus celsis. 56. mota forent, ' might have been shaken.' See potuissent, IV. 41 n. 58. reppulit, cp. rettuli, for ret(e)tiili, IV. 14 n. 64. partem in omnem, ' in every direction.' 65. ossibus, dative. A. & G. 227, e, 3; G. 346, R. 2; H. 385, 4,4). 67. guttura, plural for singular ; cp. ora, I. 9 n. 69. Join halitusque qui; halitus is drawn into the relative clause. Cp. herba, verse 6 n. 70. vitiatas, ' poisons the tainted air,' a proleptic epithet. Cp. abdita, V. 96 n. 71. modo . . . inter dum . . . nunc, ' now . . . now . . . now.' 72. cingitur, with reflexive meaning. Construe cingitur spiris facientibtis immensum orbem. 75. spolio leonis, cp. direpta leonispellis, verse 46. 77. praetenta. Translate by a verbal noun; cp. recepto, VI. 15 n. ille, serpens. 78. ferro, dative. 81. se retrahebat, * retreated.' 82. dabat retro, 'drew back.' sedere . . . arcebat, a construction found in poetry and in 45 post-Augustan prose. A. &. G. 331, e, 2; G. 548, R. 1; H. 505, II. 2. longius ire (plagain), ' to go very deep.' ire sinebat. A. & G. 331, c ; G. 424, R. 3 ; H. 535, II. 84. in gutture, with pressit. 85. dum, ' until.' eunti, serpenti. 86. robore and robora, verse 88, ' the trunk ' of the oak. 88. Construe gemuit (arbor) sua robora flagellari parte imae caudae. 89. victor victi. See verse 54 n. 92. serpens, ' as a serpent.' Cadmus and his wife Harmonia were in their old age changed to serpents. 96. terrae, dative ; cp. umeris, III. 25 n. motae, here=a?-atae. Translate by the infinitive; cp. occultat abactas, II. 7 n. 97. * whence a people yet to come should grow.' 98. presso, in terram. 99. mortalia, ' of men.' 100. fide mains, ' a thing beyond belief,' in apposition to 'glaebae coepere moveri. coepere : the prose form would be coeptae sunt. A. & G. 143, a; G. 424, R. 1 ; H. 297, 1. 1. 106. ne cape, a poetic use. A. & G. 269 ; G. 263 ; H. 488. 107. nee is sometimes used in poetry for neve, neu. civilibus, ' fraternal.' bellis, dative ; cp. umeris, III. 25 n. 109. ferit, i.e. unus, verse 106. Join ense rigido unum de fratrib u s terrigenis ferit. 110. leto dederat, ilium, ' had slain him.' longins, here used of time. illo, cp. lacerta, I. 21 n. 112. Exemplo pari, ' in like manner/ 46 OVID. 113. Mars for pugna, as Ceres = * corn ' ; ep. VI. 26 n. Subiti, with adverbial force ; cp. meritus, VI. 44 n. 114. iuventus = a ' band of youths ' ; cp. Horace, Odes, II. 8, 18, servitus crescit nova (' a fresh band of slaves '). 115. matrem, their mother earth. 116. quinque superstitibus, ablative absolute. 117. humo, ' on the ground ' ; the ablative where we might have expected the locative. 118. ' the assurance of a peace with his brethren.' 119. Sidonius hospes, Cadmus ; cp. verse 29. In like manner Vergil in one place (Aen. I. 574) calls the Carthaginians Tyrii, in another calls Dido their queen, Sidonia (Aen. XI. 74). VIII; 3. consorte, cp. remigio, III. 44 n. 5. operis, ' for his work,' objective genitive; cp. loci, III. 2 n. 6. credas, cp.putes, VI. 28. 7. reverentia, i.e. regard for truth. 8. There is an old maxim, ' ars est celare artem.' 9. corporis, objective genitive, depending upon ignes, which is tropically used of the flame of love. Cp. operis amorem, verse 5, and Verg. Aen. IV. 2, caeco carpitur igni (' is consumed by a hidden fire '). 14. livor. He almost expects to see the blue color of a bruise come upon the marble when he pinches it. 18. liliaque, a bold instance of lengthening a short syllable. 19. Heliadum lacrimas, i.e. * amber.' Phaethon attempted to drive the chariot of the sun, but was thrown from it and killed. His sisters wept for him until they were turned into poplars (or alders) and their tears into amber. 22. Cp. Thomson's ' when unadorned, adorned the most.' NOTES. 47 23. celeberrima, at which there was the largest gathering (lit. ' most attended by crowds '). 24. inductae aurum, ' with gold inlaid upon their crumpled horns.' inductae has a reflexive meaning ; cp. induitur aures, VI. 93 n, and Horace, Satires, I. 6, 74, laevo suspensi loculos tabu- lamque lacerto (' having their satchel and slate hanging on their left shoulder'). 25. nivea cervice, descriptive ablative ; cp. capillis, I. 3 n. 27. constitit, Pygmalion. 28. sit = ut sit. ausus ; the perfect participle is sometimes used where we should employ a present. A. & G. 290, b ; G. 278, R. ; H. 550, N.I. 28, 29. Construe non ausus dicere ' opto sit mea coniunx eburnea virgo ' dixit ' similis eburnae.' 31. omen, in apposition with the following clause. 32. apicem duxit. Cp. Verg. Aen. II. 694, facem ducens, ' with fiery trail.' 36. Mount Hymettus was famed for its honey. 39. dubie gaudet, ' dare scarce be glad.' 40. sua vota, i.e. the object of his prayer. 43. quibus agat, a relative clause of purpose. A. & G. 317, 2 ; G. 632; H. 497, I. EXERCISES. EXEECISES. I. 1. Endings of lines (a) He fled and sought a hiding place. (5) The daughter was looking for her mother. 2. The boy's name, 1 his body metamorphosed, be- comes Newt. 3. To her who asked he gave wine with water mixed ; Sweet was it, for she was thirsty (sitio) ; nor weary with toil Could she be offended, because his bold son had laughed. 1 Put nomen last. II. 1. Endings of lines (a) Take for guerdon two oxen. 1 (6) He took the gift and pretended to go away. 1 How can you render " two " without using duo ? " guerdon," plural. 51 52 OVID. 2. Mercury spoke, " Seek not 2 rewards for thyself, Nor yet betray me, punishment will follow the perjured ; Into a hard flint shall hard hearts be turned" (verto). 3. Do thou say thou hast not seen the cows under yon hills. 2 Use the perfect subjunctive. III. 1. Endings of lines (a) He kissed his son. (6) The wax that bound the wings. 2. And now intending to fly he kissed his little son. 3. Under his father's guidance (abl. abs.) he began 1 again to move his strange wings. 4. Thou shalt be my care : only (modo) if thou wilt pass lower down, Thou wilt be safer thereby, and if at any time Phoebus scorches, Fear not, God himself will keep from all harm 2 Thy oarage, nor shalt thou 3 be hurt by fire. i Use imperfect. 2 " Harm " in 4th line. 3 Insert tu. EXERCISES. 53 IV. 1. Endings of lines (a) The altar stood black with ashes of the sacrifices. (6) Juno in act to drink the waters, (c) Why do you hinder me from (ab) the waters ? 2. prithee bless thy servant, holy goddess, when he prays, Nor for ( propter) his abuse give l him a frog's body. 3. And the delight of these frogs is squatting on the bank of the pool. 4. A home is known to me, where a suppliant goddess begged, Now athirst (potura), her own waters to solace 2 her thirst. The pools lie quite near 3 ; fouled by unkind feet They cannot bring to the thirsty one pure waters. 1 Use perf. subj. 2 Solatia in apposition with " waters." 8 Use comparative. 54 OVID. V. 1. Endings of lines (a) One single goose. (b) They said " farewell/' while the water was boiling. 2. "Let us," he cried, "dear comrades, live while we live." 3. But Baucis saw her husband suddenly burst into leaf, Nor less did Philemon see his wife do the same. 4. There was abundance of milk, nor for the second course was any Grape wanting, or nuts, and wine with bitter flavour (sapor), And for the gods their guests a table with feet of willow soon Is set, and a banquet (plural) bought (emere) for a few halfpence (semiussis). 5. And the old man bade the gods rest on a seat Their limbs, and not to despise the yesterday's supper of a poor man (mops). VI. 1. Endings of lines (a) There was a golden harvest. (b) You might see the rock grow pale with gold. EXERCISES. 55 2. silly Midas, for choosing 1 gold before all things. 3. Soon as his fingers touched, the stones are changed to gold, Next (inde) a golden hue o'erspreads his limbs, nor ever Can he either drink or eat the bread (fruges) prepared Without 2 the accursed (sdcer) gold infecting what he has touched with his lips. 4. With rustic reeds Pan was delighting the ears Of the king, and from that time Midas to keep a marvellous form Is compelled, being changed into the fashion of a stupid ass. 1 Use qui with subjunctive. 2 Use quin. VII. 1. Endings of lines (a) He consults the oracle in a cave. (b) The whole body swells with poison. . 2. Cadmus beheld a cow (vacca) lying on the grass. 3. Dark, scaly was the serpent which he had seen, And in his triple tongue the deadly taint (tabes) of poison. 4. Lo, past belief, 1 suddenly one of the brothers 1 In Latin say, " greater than belief." 56 OVID. Smitten (ico) from a distance by a hostile (in- festus) javelin falls; but the other 2 Close at hand strikes with his sword his foe by advice of Pallas. 3 2 How do you express " the other," of two persons? 3 Use another name for Pallas. VIII. 1. Endings of lines (a) Flowers of a thousand hues. (b) He saw the ivory grow soft. 2. Quoth he (voce refert), "When unadorned she still looks fair." 3. She, her shining locks all decked with gold, Lay upon the couch, nor was more fair than she Venus' own self, goddess whom all Cyprus would 1 worship with reverence, And would bring calves (vitulus) for slaughter to her altar. 1 Parse " would." " Reverence," participle. " Cyprus," next line. EXERCISES. 57 ADDITIONAL EXEECISES. 1. Now 7 gin the new-made images to move sponta- neously (ultro) Fashioned by hand of Daedalus ; l now the pipe begins, With nine unequal reeds compact 2 artistically, To squeak ; Pan himself you might imagine would rejoice to see them. 2. Meantime the ivory maid marvels at the gift, She blushed, in her changed body felt a tire, And through all her veins she conceived a mighty love, And returns to Venus thanks and to her lover kisses. , ! Use the adjective. 2 Participle of coniimgo. YOOABULAEIES. VOCABULARY TO EXERCISES. (ENGLISH-LATIN.) able (to be), posse. abundance, copia. abuse, convicia (plural). advice, monitus. again, iterum, rursus. all, cunctus, omnis, totus. altar, ara. am, sum. and, et, -que, atque. any, ullus. any time, quando. art, ars. artistically, per artem. a,&h,favilla. ask, rogare. ass, asellus. bank, ripa. banquet, dapes (plural). be, esse. because, quiet,. become, fieri. before, prae. beg. See ask. begin, coepisse. behold, aspicere. belief, fides. betray, prodZre. bid, iubere. bitter, amarus. black, niger. bless, favere. blush, erubescZre. body, corpus, forma. looi\.,fervere. bold, audax. bond, vinculum. boy, puer. bring, ducere,ferre. brother, f rater. but, at, sed. can. See able. care, cur a. cave, antrum. change, mutare, verier e* choose, optare. close, comminus. compel, cog'ere. comrade, comes. conceive, concipSre. consult, consulere. couch, thalamus. course (at a dinner), mensae. 61 62 ENGLISH-LATIN dark, caeruleus. god, dews. daughter, filia. goddess, tfea, diva. deadly, funestus. gold, aurum. dear, earns. golden, aureus. deck, decor are. goose, anser. delight, delectare, iuvare. grape, uva. deny, negare. grass, herba, gramen. despise, contemnere. greater, mains. distance (at a) , eminus. guerdon, praemium. drink, potare. guest, hospes. guide, dux. ear, auris. eat, edere, esse. hand, manus. either ... or, aut . . . aut. hard, durus. ever, unquam. harm, damnum. harvest, messis. fair, formosus. heart, pectus. fall, cadere. hiding-place, latebrae. farewell, vale. hill, collis. father, pater. himself, herself, etc., ipse, -a, fashion, fabricare. -um. fashion (subst.), species. hinder, prohibere. fear, metuere. home, domus. few, paucus. hue, color. finger, digitus. fire, ignis. hurt, damnare. husband, maritus. flint, silex. flower, flos. fly, volare. foe, hostis. follow, sequi. foot, pes. form, figura. if, si. image, simulacrum. imagine, piitare. infect, injicere. into, in (with accusative). ivory, ebur. ivory, adj., eburneus. foul (verb) , foedare. javelin, iaculum. frog, rana. from, ab. keep, servare. king, rex. gift, donum. kiss, dare oscula. go (away), abire. known, notus. VOCABULARY. 63 laugh, ridere. leaf (burst into), frondere. less, minus. lie, iacere, recubare. lie on, incumbere. limb, membrum. lip, lab mm. little, par v us. live, vivere. lo, ecce, en. lock (of hair) , capillus. look, videri. look for, quaerZre. love, amor. lover, amans. lower, demissior. maid, virgo. marvel, mirari. marvellous, mirus. meantime, intered. metamorphose, mutare. mighty, mac/nus. milk, lac. mix, miscere. mother, mater. move, mover e. name, nomen. near, prope. new, novus. newt, stellio. nine, novem, noni. nor, ?iec, neque. not, haud, non. not, prohibitive, ne, new (= and not). now, iam, nunc. nut, m hasten, fly. curvamen, -mis, n., bending, curve. curvus, 3 rounded, curved. cuspis, -idis, /., point, spear- point, lance. custodia, /., watching; hence, guard. custos, -odis, c., watcher, guard. cutis, -is,/., skin. Cyprus, -i,/., island of Cyprus, Daedalus, -i, m., great sculptor and artist of Athens in very early times. damnare, condemn. damn-osus, bringing loss, baneful. damnum, loss, harm, curse. Danae, -es, /., daughter of Acrisius, and mother of Per- seus by Jove. dap-em, -is (-i, -e), /., feast; vsu. plur. dare, dedi, datum, give, grant,, give forth, throw ; d. leto, slay; d. volnera, inflict wounds. de, prep. w. abL, down from, down, concerning, of the. number of. dea, goddess. 72 LA TIN-ENGLISH dScere, -uit, become, suit. de-cerpSre, -psi, -ptum, pluck from, pluck. de-cidSre, -cidi, fall down, fall from. de'dScus, -oris, n., disgrace. de-ducSre, -xi, -ctum, lead off, escort. de-ferre, -tuli, -latum, bring down, carry off. de'flere, -flevi, -fletum, bewail. de'labor, -i, -psus, glide down, fall down. de lenire, soothe, charm. Delius, -i, m., the Delian god (= Apollo, born at Delos). Delos, -i,/., a small isle in the middle of the Aegean (Archipelago) . Delphicus, 3 Delphian, of Delphi (where was the celebrated oracle of Apollo) . delubrum, shrine. demere, -inpsi, -mptum, take away [de, emere] . de*mittre, -misi, -missum, send down, let down; part., demissus, 3 low lying, low. dens, -ntis, m., tooth; d. Indus, ivory. densus, 3 thick, thickly over- grown. de-scendeTe, _ n di, -nsum, climb down, descend. d's8rre, -ui, -rtum, abandon. de-spicio, -ere, -spexi, -spec- turn, look down on, despise. de'trahSre, -xi, -ctum, draw from, pull off, take away, deus, -i, m., god. de-vdvere, -vovi, -votum, vow, devote, curse. dexter, -tra, -trum (-tera, -terum), adj., on the right. dextra,/., right hand. dice"re, -xi, -ctum, say, call. dictum, saying, word. dies, -el, m. and f. {pi. only m.), day. dif -fero, -ferre, distuli, dilatum, put off, disperse, take away. digitus, 2 finger. dignus, 3 worthy. drlatare, spread abroad, widen. di'mitt^re, -misi, -missum, send forth, send away, give up. drmdvere, -movi, -motum, move asunder, separate, stir. drrectus, 3 straight. drripio, -ere, -ripui, -reptum, tear in pieces, plunder. dis'cedSre, -ssi, -ssum, depart, go asunder. dispar, -aris, unequal. diu, for long, long. diva, goddess. dive's, -itis, adj., rich. doctus, 3 learned, skilled, skil- ful. d61or, -oris, m.., grief, pain. domare, -ui, -itum, tame, calm ; of food, boil soft. ddminus, master, owner. ddmus, /., house, home; loca- tive, domi, at home. donare, give, present. donc, as long as, until. donum, gift. dubitare, doubt, hesitate. VOCABULARY. 73 dfrbie, adv., doubtfully. ducgre, -xi, -ctum, lead, bring. dulcedo, -mis,/., sweetness. dulcis,' 2 sweet ; neut. dulcS, as substantive, a sweet drink, dum. while, until ; dum licuit, so long as they might. duo, -ae, -o, two. duritia, hardness. durus, 3 hard, harsh, hardy. dux, diicis, c., leader, guide. E e, ex, prep. w. abl., out of, from. earn, pres. subj. of ire. e-bibgre, -bibi, -bibitum, drink up, drain. Sbur, -oris, ??., ivory. eburneus, 3 eburnus, 3 of ivory, ecce, inter -j., lo ! behold ! Echlon, -oiiis, m., one of the men who sprang from the dragon's teeth sown by Cadmus. edere, -didi, -ditum, put forth, bring forth, utter. ef'fero, -ferre, extuli, elatum, bring out, bring forth, put forth, ef'ficio, -gre, -feci, -fectum, do thoroughly, make, accom- plish, cause; efficio levem, make to seem light. ef'fluSre, -xi, flow out, slip. ef 'f6dio, -ere, -fodi, -fossum, dig out. ef-fugio, -gre, -fugi, flee away, escape. egi. See ago. 6gere, -ui, need, want. e'ludSre, -si, -sum, mock one's efforts, elude, deceive, e'lu&re, -ui, -utum, wash away, wash clean. e- minus, from afar [manus] . enim, for. ensis, -is, m., sword. eo. See ire. e-potare, -avi, -potum, drink up; part, epotus, 3 drained. gpulae, -arum, /. pi., feast, banquet. Squa, mare. ^quidem, indeed, in truth, ergo, therefore. e'rigere, -rexi, -rectum, raise up. e'rlpio, -ere, -ripui, -reptum, pluck out, snatch from, tear from. erraticus, 3 wandering, e-rubesce're, -rubui, blush. e.rudire, teach, instruct, esse, fui, to be. Stiam, also, even. Eumolpus, -i, m., a Thracian singer, scholar of Or- pheus. eunt. See ire. ervade're, -si, -sum, go out, go out from, leave, escape. e-vgnire, -veni, -ventum, come to pass, turn out to be. ex. See e. ex-cipio, -ere, -cepi, -ceptum, catch, receive, ex'damare, cry out. exemplum, example. LA TIN- ENGLISH exercere, -ui, -itum, practise, make use of. exiguus, 3 small, slight, unim- portant. ex ire, -ii, -itum, go out, go forth. exsilium, exile (abstract). exsistSre, exstiti, stand forth. ex*spirare, breathe out, die. ex'stare (no pf. or sup.), stand forth, stand up. exstru&re, -xi, -ctum, heap up. ex-tendere, -di, -turn (sum), extend, enlarge. fabricare, make, prepare ; fab- ricatus, made, wrought. fades, -el,/., face, form. facio, -ere, feci, factum, make, do, perform, give. factum, deed, exploit. faex, -cis, /., dregs, lees (of wine). fagus, -i,/., beech-tree. failure, ffifelli, falsum, deceive ; /. horas, wile away time. falsus, 3 false, unreal. fames, -is,/., hunger. famulus, 2 servant. fateor, -eri, fassus, dep., con- fess, admit. fatigare, weary. fat urn, a thing spoken ; hence, prophecy of .what is to come ; hence, fate, misfortune. fauces, -ium,/. pi., throat. Paunus, old king of Latium, god of country and shepherds. fautrix, -icis, /., favourer, pa- troness. favere, -favi, fautum, favour, befriend, be propitious. favilla, /., hot ashes, embers. favus, honey-comb. fax, facis,/., torch, firebrand. fecundus, 3 fruitful, rich. felix, happy, successful; adv., feliciter. femina, woman, wife ; of a cow, heifer. fe"re, adv., about, almost. fdrire (no pf. or sup.), strike, pierce. fro, ferre, tiili, latum, bear, bring, carry off; /., opem, bear aid; pass., am said, rush on. fgrox, -ocis, adj., haughty, fierce, savage. ferrum. -i, n., iron, sword, spear-head. fertilis, adj., fruitful. fervere, fervi (ferbui), boil, glow. fessus, 3 tired, weary. festum, festival. festus, 3 of festival, festive. fe'tus, 3 fruitful, having just brought forth. fictilis, adj., made (of earthen- ware) ; n. pi. fictilia, earth- enware [fingere]. 1. fides, -is, /., stringed instru- ment, lute. 2. fides, -ei, /., faith, loyalty, promise, fulfilment ; fide mains, beyond belief. flggre, -xi, -xum, fix, fix up, VOCAIWLAEY. 75 pierce; /. oscula, imprint kisses. figura, shape, figure. filia, daughter. finge're, -nxi, fictum, fashion, invent, imagine. finire, end, bound. finis, -is, m., end, limit, bound- ary; pl. t territories. fio, fieri, factus sum, am made, become [passive of facio]. fistula, reed-pipe. flagellum, whip, lash. flamma, flame [=flag'ma; cp. flag'rare, fulg-ere] . flammrfer, -era, -erum, flame- bearing, flaming. flavens, -ntis, yellow [flavere] . flave-sce're (no pf. or sup.), be- come yellow or golden. flavus, 3 yellow, golden. fleeter e, -xi, -xum, bend, turn. flere, flevi, fletum, weep, la- ment. flos, floris, m., flower, bloom. fluere, -xi, -xum, flow. fluitare, flow. flumen, -mis, n., stream, river. fliivius, 2 river [fluere] . fdcus, 2 hearth. f61ium, leaf. fons, -ntis, m., spring, foun- tain ; hence, spring water. f6rem,/?*o?n esse. fdris, -is,/., door. forma, shape, beauty. fornrosus, 3 shapely, beautiful, comely [forma]. forte, by chance, by hap [abla- tive of fors, chance; which is probably connected with fero\ . fossa, ditch, trench [fddio dig]. fraga, -orum, n., strawberries [hence Fr. f raises'] . f rater, -tris, 771., brother, f rater -mis, 3 of his brethren, frgquentare, haunt, throng, frgtum, strait, sea. frondere, be leafy, throw out leaves. frons, -ndis,/., leaf, foliage. frons, -ntis,/., forehead, face. frug-em (-is, -i, -e), /., fruit; especially wild fruit, frutex, -icis, m., shrub, bush, foliage. frutic-osus, 3 full of shrubs, bnshy [frutex]. fugio, -ere, fugi, fugitum, flee, flee from, avoid, fulica, coot (a water-fowl), fulvus, 3 tawny, reddish yellow, fumare, smoke. funestus, 3 deadly, fatal [fu- nus]. fungor, -gi, functus sum, dep. (with abl.), perform. furca, fork (fork-shaped) prop, gable. furere, -ui, rage, rave, furtum, theft [fur, thief] . fusilis, 2 molten, liquid [fun- dere] . futurus. See esse. G galea, helmet (usually of leather). 76 LA TIN-ENGLISH gaudere, gavisus, rejoice, exult. gelidus, 3 cold [gelu = frost] . gemere, -ui, -itum, groan, la- .ment. ggminare, double. gemmus, 3 adj., twofold, double, both. gemma, bud, precious stone, gena, cheek. genialiter, merrily, jovially., genitor, -oris, m. t father [cp. geir ui, pf. of gigno] . gens, -ntis,/., family, clan, tribe. genu, 4 knee; ponere, g., kneel. gerSre, -ssi, -stum, carry, carry on, wear, glaeba, clod, glans, -ndis,/., acorn, gradior, -i, gressus, step, stride. gradus, 4 step, stride. grandis, 2 great; g. aevo, ad- vanced in age. grates (usually only nom. and ace. pl.),f., thanks; g. ayere, give thanks, gratia,/., thanks, recompense, influence; abl. with a gen., for the sake of. gratus, 3 pleasing, grateful. gravare, load, weigh down. gravidus, 3 laden, pregnant [gravisj . gravis, 2 heavy, burdensome, cruel. gressus, 4 step, stride [gradior] . grex, gregis, m., herd, gurges, -itis, ra., flood, depth, gutta, /., drop, fleck, spot, guttur, -uris, n., throat, gullet. H habere, have, hold, regard. habitabilis,2 habitable, fit to dwell in. habitare, dwell, inhabit [freq. of habere] . haerere, haesi, haesum, cling. halitus, 4 breath [hdlare, breathe] . harena, sand. harundo, -dinis, /., a reed, a rod (for fishing)* hasta, spear. hastile, -is, n., spear-shaft, spear. baud, not. haurire, hausi, haustum, drain, exhaust, swallow, imbibe. haustus, 4 draught [haurire] . hebStare, dull, dim. Heliades, -um, f. f daughters of the sun. [Helios (ijAios) = the sun.] herba, grass. herb-osus, 3 grassy [herba]. heros, -ois, m., hero. Hesperides (ace. -as), /. pi., daughters of Atlas and Hes- peris. Hesperus, 2 Hesperus, the even- ing star [= pure Latin ves- per]. hesternus, 3 of yesterday, yes- terday's [heri, yesterday] . hie, here. hie, haec, hoc, this. nine, hence, from here ; hinc . . . illinc, from (on) the one side . . . from (on) the other side. VOCABULARY. 11 hora, hour, time season. horrendus, 3 dreadful [horrere, shudder] . hortari, dep., exhort, en- courage. hortus,' 2 garden, hospes, -itis, c., guest friend, stranger, guest, host, hostis, -is, c., enemy, hue, hither; hue illuc, hither and thither. humanus, 3 of men, human [homo] . humilis, 2 low, lowly [lit., on the ground, humus] . humus, -i,/., ground. Hymettius, 3 of Hymettus, a mountain in Attica. Hypaepa, -drum, n., small town in Lydia at the foot of Mt. Tmolus. Ibi, there. Icarus, -i, m., son of Daedalus. IcSre, ici, ictum, strike, sacri- fice. ictus, -iis, m., blow. Idem, eadem, idem, the same. rgnarus, 3 not knowing, igno- rant, unwitting. ignis, -is, m., fire; metaph., i fire (of love), passion. rgnobflitas, -atis, /., obscurity [in, gnobilis, original form of nobilis, q.v.]. rgnotus, 3 unknown [in, gnotus = notus]. ilex, icis, /., holm (or ever- green) oak. ilia, -ium, n. pi., flanks, body. iliac, by that way, on that side. ille, -a, -ud, that, he, she, etc. illic, there. illinc, thence. il-litus, 3 besmeared [illingre, levi, litum]. illuc, thither, imitari, imitate. im'mensus, 3 unlimited, im- measurable, huge [in, metiri, measure] . inrmunis,' 2 free from a service, free, untouched by [in, miinus, a service] . im-murmurare, whisper in. invpar, -paris, adj., unequal, i.e. too short. inrpatiens, -ntis, adj., unable to bear. invpedire, hinder [ped-, stem of pes, foot; cp. ex'pedire, extricate] . im'pell^re, -puli,-pulsum, urge on, strike upon, impes, -petis, used only in gen. and abl. sing., violence, force. inrpius, 3 irreverent, godless, inhospitable. invplere, -plevi, -pletum, fill up. im-p6n6re, -posui, -positum, put on, put in. im-pulsus, -us, pushing against, shock. inrpune, without punishment [poena]. imus, 3 lowest. in, prep. iv. ace., into, to, 78 L A TIN-ENGLISH towards, against, in respect to; w. abL, at, in, on. m'aratus, 3 unploughed. in'Cipio, -ere, -cepi, -ceptum, begin, essay. in'c61a, c., inhabitant. nrcrementum, increase, pro- geny. hrcumfoe're, -cubui, lie upon or over. hrcustoditus, 3 unwatched [in, custos] . iircursus, -us, onset, attack. ind, thence, then. in'dex, -dicis, c., pointer, be- trayer; (of a stone) touch- stone [root DIG = point out] . hrdicium, information. indi gena, -ae, adj., native; subst. c., a native [indu = in; cp. genui, pf. of gigno] . hrdignari, dep., deem un- worthy, disdain. hrdignus, 3 unworthy. nrddle-scSre, -dolui, feel pain or grief [dolere] . in'ducere, -duxi, -ductum, in- lay, plate cover. induere, -ui, -utum, put on [cp. ex'uere, put off] . Indus, 3 Indian; dens I., ivory. iirers, -rtis, adj., sluggish, churlish [in + ars]. in'famia, ill name, disgrace [fdma, reputation] . iirfaustus, 3 ill-omened, un- Incky. m-felix, -icis, adj., unhappy. irrfihio, -ere, -fcci, -fectum, ta;nt. In-flatus, 3 blown out, puffed out [inflare, blow out], -ggnium, nature, character, talent, wit. iiriquus, 3 unequal, unfavour- able, not calm [aequus, equal, fair]. in'iustus, 3 unjust, unright- eous. iirnitor, -xus, dep., lean upon. inquam, v. defect., say. ixrsSrere, -serui, -sertum, put in; insere te, join, mingle. ursIdSre, -sedi, -sessum, sink into. ursdnare, -ni, resound, make oneself heard. m'stabilis,' 2 insecure, movable [root ST A -stand]. in 'stare, -stiti, press on, threaten. in*stru6re, -xi, -ctum, furnish, equip, deck, instruct. nrsuper, over and above. in'tactus, 3 untouched [tan- gere] . inter, prep. iv. ace., among, amid, between. intercipio, -ere, -cepi, -ceptum, take away, do away with [capio] . inter dice're, -xi, -ctum, pro- hibit, forbid. inter 'dum, sometimes, now and again. inter-ea, meanwhile. intfba,/., endive. intrare, go in, enter. in'utilis, 2 useless. nrvldiosus, 3 envious, jealous, VOCABULARY. 79 arousing envy [invldere, look askance at] . in-visus, 3 hated, hateful. ipse, -sa, -sum, -self, him-, her-, itself. Ira, auger. ire, ivi (ii), itum, go. ir'requietus, 3 unresting, rest- less [in, requies]. iste, -a, -ud, that near you, that of yours. it,, so, thus. iter, -ineris, n., road, path, journey [ire, go]. ifcermn, a second time, again. iactare, throw often, fling about, boast, recite, sing [frequentative of iacio] . iaculum, javelin [iacio] . iam, now, already, mbere, -ssi, -ssum, command, bid, give orders. index, -icis, c., judge [ius, di- cere]. iudicium, decision, sentence [iudex] . iugum, yoke, ridge [root IUG ; cp. iu(n)g-ere]. iuncus, 2 rush. iungSre, -nxi, -nctum, join, mate, yoke, unite, luno, -onis, /., sister and wife of Jupiter, queen of the gods, identified with the Greek Hera. lunonius, 3 of or sacred to Juno. luppiter, lovis, w., Jupiter, king of the gods. iustus, 3 upright, righteous [ius] . iuvare, iuvi, iutum, help, de- light ; especially impers. iuvat, it delights. iuvenca, heifer. iuvenilis, 2 youthful [iuvenis]. iuvenis, -is, c., a youth, young man, girl. iuventa, -ae,/., = iuventus. iuventus, -utis, /., youth (06- stract) [iuvenis]. labe'facio, -ere, -feci, -factum, make to totter, loosen. labor, -oris, m., toil. labor, -T, lapsus, glide, slide, slip, descend. lac, -ctis, ?i., milk. lacerta, lizard. lacertus, -i, ???., the upper arm. lacrima, tear. lacus, -iis, lake, pool. laetus, 3 glad. laeva, left hand. laevus, 3 on the left; laeva pars, the left side. lambere, -bi, -bitum, lick, lamina,/., thin plate of metal, lancea, pike, lance, lapillus, little stone, jewel. lapis, -Idis, m., stone. lassatus, 3 wearied [lassare, to weary] . late, far and wide [latus]. 80 LA TIN-ENGLISH latebra,/., hiding-place [latere, lie hid]. latus, -6ris, n., side. latus, 3 wide, broad. laurus, -i (-us), /., bay-tree, laurel. lavare, lavi (lavavi), lautum (lavatum, lotum), wash. ISbinthos, -i, /., one of the Sporades islands in the Aegean (Archipelago) . lectus. -i, m., couch, bed- stead. lectus, 3 picked, chosen [legere]. ISgere, legi, lectum, choose, pick, read ; I. vestigia, follow up the footprints. Lenaeus, -i, m., god of the wine-press, i.e. Bacchus. lenis, 2 gentle, gently flowing. lente, slowly, lazily. lentus, 3 slow, supple, tough [c-p. lenis]. leo, -onis, m., lion. let are, slay [letum] . letum, death. ISvare, lighten, raise, lift; pass., aided by, leaning on. levis/ 2 light, slight, trivial. Igviter, lightly [levis] . lex, legis,/., law, enactment. lib are, pour a libation, col- lect. Liber, -eri, m., Liber, Bac- chus. liber are, free, rid, deliver [liber, free] . librare, poise, swing, throw. licet, v. impers., it is lawful; as conj., although. Hlium, lily. limes, -itis, m., boundary-mark (betiveen two fields) ; hence path; medius L, mid course. Hmosus, 3 slimy. Hmus, slime, mud. lingua, tongue. linum, flax, liquidum, water. liquidus, 3 clear, liquid, liquor, -oris, m., water, espe- cially clear water. Us, Htis,/., strife, wrangling, litus, -oris, n., shore, livor, -oris, m., lividness, dark hue. 16cus, -i, m. (pi. loca), place, room, country. [The plural loci is only used = topics] . longe, far; comp. longius (= diutius), longer. longus, 3 long, distant. 16quor, -i, locutus, speak, say, tell of. lorica, breastplate. Lucffer, -feri, m., the morning <^ar [lux]. lucus, -i, m., grove. lucre, lui, loose, set free, pay, pay for; I. poenas, suffer penalties. lumen, -mis, ??., light, eye (= lac'men: cp. lucere, shine). lustrare, expiate, traverse [luere] . lusus, -us, playing, sport [liidere, play] . Lycia, district on the S. of Asia Minor. Lydus, 3 Lydian, of Lydia (a VOCABULARY. 81 district on the W. of Asia Minor. lympha, (clear) water. M mactare, slaughter, sacrifice. macula, spot, stain. made'sc&re, madui, become wet [inceptive of madere = be wet]. madidus, 3 wet; m. auro, satu- rated with gold. magnus, 3 great. Maia, daughter of Atlas, one of the Pleiades, mother of Mercury. male", badly, ill, scarcely. male'dicere, -xi, -ctum, abuse, curse. malignus, 3 unkind, ill-natured. malum, apple. malum, evil, misfortune. manare, trickle, flow forth. manere, mansi, mansum, re- main. manus, -us, /., hand; m. ultima, the finishing touch. marmor, -oris, n., marble. Martius, 3 of Mars, the Roman god of war, sacred to Mars. massa, lump. mater, -tris,/., mother. mature -scere, -tiirui, grow ripe, mature [mdturus, ripe]. maximus, 3 greatest [mag-nus] . mediScris, 2 moderate, of a mod- erate size [medius]. mSdius, 3 middle, intervening; m. so?, the mid-day sun. mel, mellis, n., honey. melior, better; comp. of bonus. membrum, limb. mgmdrare, call to mind, re- count; pass, memorantur, are said [memor]. mens, -ntis, /., mind, thought, heart [rt. MAN, think; cp. memini. moneo, mind} . mensa, table. mensura, measure, size [men- sus, part, of metiri] . menta, mint. merces, -edis, /., reward, pay, bribe. me'reri, meritus, dep., deserve; nihil m., be innocent. mergre, -si, -sum, sink, over- whelm. mergus, a diver (a water- bird). meritum, a service, merito, rightly [mereri] . meritus, 3 in act. sense, having deserved ; pass., duly earned. me'rus, 3 adj., pure; subst. merum, unmixed wine, wine. messis, -is,/., harvest. metus, 4 fear, dread. mStugre, -ui, fear. micare, -ui, intr., sparkle, glit- ter, blaze. Midas, -ae, m., Midas, king of Phrygia. miles, -itis, m., soldier [per- haps connected ivith mille] . mille, a thousand. minae, pi., threats. mmax, -acis, threatening [minae] . 82 LA TIN -ENGLISH Minerva, Roman goddess, iden- tified with Greek Athene. minimus. See parvus. minister, -tri, m., attendant. minor, -us. See parvus. Minos, -ois, m., King of Crete. mmuere, -ui, -utum, tr., make less, break up (wood). minus, adv., less [minor]. mira'bilis, 2 wonderful [mirari]. mirari, dep., wonder, wonder at, admire. minis, 3 wonderful, strange. miseere, -scui, -stum (mix- turn), tr., mix. miser, -era, -6rum, wretched. misereor, -eri, -itus, pity [miser] . mitis,' 2 gentle, mild. mittere, misi, missum, send, send forth, emit, utter, hurl, shoot. mbdicus, 3 moderate, fair-sized [mddus, limit]. mddd, but now, only ; modo . . . inodo (nunc) , at one time . . . at another time. mddo (abl. of modus, limit, kind, manner) , like (w. gen.) . mddulari, sing, play (on an instrument). moenia, -ium, pi., town walls, fortifications [cp. munire, originally ivritten moenire]. mdlaris, -is, m., millstone, hence, any large stone [mdla, millstone ; mdlere, grind] . mollesce're, begin to soften [mollis] . mollire, soften, assuage [mol- lis]. mollis, 2 soft, gentle. mdnere, remind, warn. mdnile, -is, n., necklace. mdnitum, -i, n., -us, -us, m., reminding, warning, advice. mons, -ntis, m., mountain. monstrum, prodigy, monster [= monestrum (moneo)] . montanus, 3 of the mountain, [mons] . m6ra, delay. mordere, momordi, morsum, bite. mors, -rtis, /., death [mori- or]. morsus, -us, m., bite. mortalis, 2 doomed to death r mortal ; mortalis species, human shape, hence, subst., mortales, mortal men. morum, mulberry. mdvere, movi, motum, tr., set in motion, move, stir up, per- suade. mox, soon, presently. mugitus, 4 lowing [mugire, low]. mulcere, -si, -sum, soothe. multrfidus, 3 cleft into many parts, split up. multus, 3 much, many. munus, -eris, n., gift, boon. murex, -icis, m., a shell-fish, from which the famous Tyrian purple was made. murmur, -uris, n., murmur, whisper. murus, 2 wall. mutare, change, exchange. VOCABULARY. 83 mutus, 3 dumb, silent. mutuus, 3 mutual, reciprocal. N Naias, -adis, water nymph, Naiad, nam, for. nare, swim, float. narrare, relate, tell [-make known ; GNA-, same root as no-men, no-scere]. na'scor, natus sum, am born [rt. GNA-, same as GAN; cp. genus, gens, etc.] nata, daughter [na'scor]. natalis,- of his (her, etc.) birth [na'scor]. nat'ura, nature, natus (part, o/na-scor), born; subst., a son, child, ne (in order that), not, not lest. nee, neque, neither, nor, and not ; nee . . . nee, neither . . . nor: neque enim iam, for in truth no longer, necare, kill, slay. nectar, -ftris, n., nectar, the drink of the gods. negare, deny, say not. Neleus, -ei, m., King of Pylos in Elis, father of Nestor. nemo, -mem, no one [ne, nemo (old form o/homo)]. nemus, -oris, n., grove. ng'que. See nee. ne'quiquam, in vain, neu, | or lest, and not, and ne-ve, j that not. nexus, -us, m., winding, twining, fold [nectgre]. m, if not, unless [originally identical ivith ne] . nidus, nest. niger, -gra, -grum, black. nlhil, nothing [= ne hilum = not even a trifle] . ni'si, if not, unless, except. nitidus, 3 shining, sleek. nitor, -i, mxus (nisus), dep. y strive, endeavour. nitor, -oris, m., brightness, splendour. mveus, 2 snow-white. no'bilis, renowned, well-bred. nbcere, -ui, -itum, hurt (ivith da*.). no'men, -mis, n., name, re- nown. non, not [contr.from ne oenum, i.e. unum = not one ; cp. nihil = ne hilum] . non'dum, not yet. noram = noveram, from no seer e, novi, notum, gain knowledge, learn; in tenses derived from theperf., know. noster, -tra, -trum, adj., our, ours. notus, -a, -um, well-known ; n. prodigio, made well- known by (i.e. renowned for) the miracle. n6vare, renew, refresh, change, revolutionize. ndvitas, -atis, /., newness, strangeness, strange event. n6vus, 3 new, strange. nox, noctis,/., night. 84 LA TIN-ENGLISH nudus, 3 naked, bare, un- adorned. nullus, 3 (-ius, -i), no, none. numen. -mis, n., divine power, assent; deity [nuo = nod]. nunc, now. nutare, nod [frequentative of nuo] . nutrire, nourish. nux, imcis,/., walnut. nympha, nymph. O o, interj., O. obTuSre, -rui, -rutum, over- whelm, bury. obscurus, 3 dark, little known. ob-sistere, -stiti, -stitum, stand gainst, resist. ob-stip-esce're, -stipui, become amazed, be astonished. ob'sto, -are, -stiti, -statum, op- pose (ivith dat.). ob'struere,-xi, -ctum, block up. ob'vius, 3 coming to meet, meet- ing. ocrcasio, -onis, /., opportunity. occasus, 4 setting. oc-cultare, hide [freq. o/occii- lere, which is connected with celare, clam]. oc'cupare, seize, anticipate [ob, capio] . oc'curr^re, -curri, -cursum, go to meet, meet [ob, currere]. tfc-ulus, eye. ddi, odisse, hate. odoratus, 3 fragrant [ddor, smell]. of -f endure, -di, -sum, knock against, annoy, injure. olim, once, at times. 61us, -eris, n., garden stuff, especially cabbage. omen, -mis, ?i., omen. omnis, 3 all, every. 6nerare, load, burden. onus, -eris, n., load, bur- den. dp'em, help; pi., resources, power, wealth. dpSrire, -ui, -pertum, cover, shut, conceal. dpi'fex, -ficis, c., maker, work- man. oppidum, town. optare, wish, choose. optatum, thing wished, wish, prayer. opus, -eris, n., work, task. ora'culum, oracle [orare]. or are, pray, pray for [ds, mouth] . orbis, -is, m., circle, the world. ordo, -mis, m., rank, line, order. orgia, -orum, pi., orgies, feast of Bacchus. ornare, adorn, equip. Orpheus, -ei, m., celebrated singer and harp player of Thrace. ortus, 4 rising, source [tiriri, rise]. os, oris, n., mouth, face. 6s, ossis, n., bone. os-culum, a kiss, sweet little mouth [os]. os-tende're, -di, -sum (-turn), VOCABULARY. 85 show, point out [obs = ob, tendere] . otium, ease. ovum, egg. Pactolos, -i (ace., -on), m., river in Lydia, the Pactolus. palatum, roof of the mouth, palate, mouth, palla, outer dress, long robe, mantle. Pallas, -adis, /., i.e. Athena. See Minerva. palle-re, -ui, be pale, palle-scere, pallui, grow pale, palma, palm (of the hand), date-palm, date, palus, -udis (g. pi., -dum, -dium),/., swamp, marsh. p Cluster, -tris, -tre, marshy, fond of marshes. Pan, Panos, m., Greek god of herds. pandus, 3 bent, crumpled. Panbpe, -es,/., town in Phocis. P3,phius, 3 of Paphos (a city of Cyprus), Paphian. par, paris, adj., equal, like. pSxare, make ready, prepare, propose. pSratus, -us, preparation, out- fit. pHrens, -ntis, c., parent, father [pario, -ere, bring forth]. parere, -ui, -itum, obey. parflis, 2 equal, like [par]. p&rrter, equally, alike, at the same time [par] . Parnasis, -idis, adj., of Parna- sus (mountain in Phocis, N. Greece), Parnassian. Pros, -i, /., a small island in the Aegean Sea. parvus, 3 small, tiny. pascuum, pasture-land, mea- dow [pa'scere] . pastor, -oris, m., shepherd [pa'scere] . pastorius, 3 of a shepherd, a shepherd's [pastor] . p&te -facie, -6re, -feci, -factum, open, lay open [patere]. piter, -tris, father. patere, -ui, lie open. ptior, -i, passus, suffer. patria, fatherland [really adj., patria terra] . patrius, 3 of the father [pater] . patulus, 3 spreading, open [pa- tere] . pauci, -ae, -a, few, a few. paulatim, little by little, grad- ually. paulum, for a little while. pauper, -eris, adj., poor. paupertas, -atis,/., poverty. pavere, pavi, am dismayed. p&vidus, 3 terror-stricken, frightened [pavere]. peccare, sin, go wrong. pectus, -oris, n., breast, heart. pgcus, -oris, n., cattle. pcus, -iidis, /., a beast, sheep. pelUgus, -i, n., sea. pellere, peptili, pulsum, drive, drive out, banish. pellis, -is,/., skin, hide. Penates, -ium, houselwld gods, 86 LA TIN-ENGLISH home, dwelling [penus, inner chamber] . pendeo, -ere, pependi, pensum, be suspended, hang. pendo, -dere, pependi, pensum, hang, weigh, pay. penna, feather, wing, per, prep. w. ace., through, by means of: per se, of itself. per-aggre, -egi, -actum, do, perform. per'dpio, -6re, -cepi, -ceptum, take to oneself, assume, gather in. per'dSre, -didi, -ditum, lose, destroy [lit., put away; cp. per-ire = perish] . peregrmus, 3 foreign, strange. per'fidus, 3 treacherous [cp., for the force of per-, per- iurus]. perfundSre, -fudi, -fusum, pour over, besprinkle. perTculum, periculm, danger [lit., going through, trial]. pei"imre, -emi, -emptum, de- 1 stroy, slay. periurus, 3 foresworn, false, lying. per'osus, 3 greatly hating, de- testing [perodi, detest] . per -stare, -stiti, -statum, per- severe in, continue. pes, pedis, m., foot. pestrfer, -fera, -ferum, pesti- lential, baneful [pestis, fgro] . pSte"re, -ivi (-ii), -itum, make for, seek [rt. PET, swoop; cp. penna, im'pet'us]. Philemon, -onis (ace. ona), m., name of a Phrygian peas- ant. Phoebeus, adj., of Phoebus, be- longing (dedicated) to Phoe- bus. Phoebus, 2 Phoebus Apollo, the sun-god, son of Jupiter and Latona, brother of Diana. Phoenix, -Icis, Phoenician, from Phoenicia (on the W. coast of Syria). Phrygius, adj. t of Phrygia (a district of Asia Minor), Phrygian. Phryx, -ygis, Phrygian, inhabi- tant of Phrygia. pila,/., ball. pingere, -nxi, pictum, paint, stain, dye. pinguis/ 2 adj., fat, dull. pinus, 4 /., pine ; hence, pine- - wood torch. piscis, -is, m., fish. plus, adj., obeying the calls of duty, hospitable, pious. placere, -ui, -itum, please. placidus, 3 adj., calm, unruf- fled. plaga, /., blow. plangre, -nxi, -nctum, beat, strike (especially so as to produce a noise). plectrum, quill (for striking the lyre) [Greek word] . plenus, 3 adj., full. pluma, feather. plurimus. See multus. plus, more. po'culum, drinking cup, goblet [cp. po'tus]. VOCABULARY. 87 poena, /., punishment; dare poenam, suffer punishment. pdlenta, pearl-barley. pollex, -icis, m., thumb. pollicitum, a thing promised, a promise. pomum, fruit (of any kind, including apples, cherries, plums, figs, etc.}. pondus, -eris, n., weight [pendo, weigh]. ponere, posui, positum, put on, place, set, set down, found, lay .aside; posito genu, on bended knee ; positis alls, his wings laid aside. populus, -i, people. portare, carry. poscSre, poposci, ask, request. posse, potui, irreg., be able, can. pos'sidere, -sedi, -sessum, own, possess. post, prep. w. ace., after, be- hind; adv., afterwards, be- hind. postis, -is, m., door-post; pi., door. post'quam, after that, as soon as (usually vnthperf.). potare, potavi, potatum, (po- tum), drink [cp. po'culum]. pdfc'ens, powerful, strong. pbtentia,/., power. potura. See potare. prae, prep. w. abl., before, by reason of, in comparison with. prae-ceps, -cipitis, adj., head- long, precipitate, dangerous. prae-ceptum, command \_prae- cipio, I command] . prae-cordia, -orum, n. pi. (strictly the part betiveen the heart and abdomen, hence], the heart. praemium, prize, reward. praesens, -ntis, present, pres- ent to help, in one's own per- son. prae-signis, 2 adj., distin- guished, remarkable. praestans, pre-eminent, dis- tinguished, excellent. prae - tender e, -di, -turn, stretch in front, hold forward. praeter, prep. w. ace., by, be- yond, except, besides. prec-, sub st., defective, /., prayer. precari, dep., entreat. preme're, -ssi, -ssum, press, drive deep, check ; p. terrain, kneel on the ground. pretium, reward, price, worth. primus, 3 adj., first. prius, adv., before, sooner. pro-cedere, -ssi, -ssum, ad- vance. prdciil, far, afar. pro- cumber e, -cubui, -cubitum, lie down, fall down, sink down. pro-ddre, -didi, -ditum, tr., be- t_ray. pro'digium, marvel, miracle. pro 'dire, -ii, -itum, come forth. pro-duce're, -xi, -ctum, bring forth, lead out, fan (aflame). 88 LA TIN-ENGLISH pro-ferre, -tiili, -latum, put | forth. prdficiscor, -i, -fectus, set out, i go forth ; prtifectus de, sprung from. profugus, exile. prdfundus, 3 deep ; Subst., pro- fttndum, the deep, i.e. sea. prS'hibere, -ui, -itum, hinder, prohibit, keep from, proles, -is,/., offspring, brood. promptus, 3 at hand, ready [promere (i.e. pro-emere), -mpsi, -mptum], proprius, 3 one's own; propri- um facere, to make private property. pro-spicio, -ere, -spexi, -spec- turn, look out upon, see. pro'turbare, drive before one, overthrow. pruiniosus, 3 frosty [prulna, frost]. prunum, plum. publicus, 3 common to all. pudor, -oris, m., shame, mod- esty. puer, -eri, m., boy. puerpera, one who has brought forth [puer, pario]. pulsar e, knock at [freq. of pellere] . purpureus, 3 purple, bright. purus, 3 clean, pure, putare, think. Pygmalion, -onis, Pygmalion, a sculptor of Cyprus. Pylius, 3 of Pylos, a city of Mes- senia, in the Peloponnesus, Messenian. Q qua, where. quaerSre, quaesivi, quaesitum, seek, ask, win. qualis, 2 of what kind, such as. quam'Vis, although, however. quantus, 3 how great? as great as. quatio, -ere, no per/., -ssum, shake, flutter, shatter. -que, and. quercus, -us,/., oak. qui, quae, quod, rel. pron., who, which. quia, because. quid, .why? quidem, indeed, certainly. quinque, five. quis, qua, quid, indef. pron., any, some. quis, quae, quid, inter rog. pron., who? which? quis ' quis, quidquid, (quicquid) , whoever, whatever. quo, (1) whither ; (2) with com- paratives, by which, that: quo minus dubites, that you may doubt it the less. quod, because. quondam, at times, in days of old [quom (=cum), -dam]. qudniam, since (ivith indie.) [quom (= cum) , iam] . qudque, also, even. R radSre, -si, -sum, scrape, shave, radiare, beam, flash [radius, ray of light] . VOCABULARY. 89 radix, -icis,/., root, radish. ramalia, -him, n., twigs, brush- wood [ramus]. ramus, 2 bough, branch. rana, f. , frog. rapidus, 3 fierce, violent, tear- ing along, swift [rapio] . rastrum (pi. usually rastri), rake [radere]. raucus, 3 rough, harsh. reqens, adj., fresh. re'Cipio, -ere, -cepi, -ceptum, get back, recover, admit, wel- come. rectum, right. rectus, 3 straight, right, upright [rego] . red'dere, -didi, -ditum, give back, answer, utter [dare] . redlmiculum, chaplet [redl- mire, bind round, encir- cle]. rSd'ire, -ii, -itum, go back. red'61ere, -ui, be fragrant. re-fgro, -ferre, reftuli, re' latum, bring back, repeat, tell. re'fert, impers., it makes a difference, it matters. re-gero, -ere, -ssi, -stum, take back, throw back. regio, -onis,/., country, part. regius, 3 royal [rex] . re-levare, assuage, quench, ease. re'linquere, -liqui, -lictum, leave, abandon. remigium, means of rowing, oars ; poet, of wings [remits oar), ay ere (ply)]. re-mollesce're, to soften. rS'nidere, no pf. or sup., shine back; hence, be bright (with joy), be radiant. re-n6vare, renew. re-pelle're, reppuli, -pulsum, drive back, repel. re-pendere, -di, -sum, weigh again or back, repay. re-pe'te're, -ivi (-ii), -itum, seek again, repeat. re'plere, -plevi, -pletum, fill again, fill up. requies, -etis,/., rest. re'quie'scere, -evi, -etum, rest. re'quir^re, -quisivi, -quisitum, ask for, ask about, seek again for. res, rei, /., thing, matter, cir- cumstance, possession, state. re-secare, -cui, -ctum, cut away. re'Silire, -ui, leap back. re-sistSre, -stiti, stand still, resist. re'spicio, -ere, -spexi, -spec- turn, look back upon, re-stituere, -ui, -utum, place back, replace, restore. re'tardare, delay. re'ticere, -cui, keep silence. re'tmere, -ui, -teutum, keep back, retain, hold fast. re'torquere, -torsi, -tortum, bend back, return, re'tractare, handle often [freq. of retrahere] . I re'trahe're, -xi, -ctum, draw (drag) back, retro, backwards, back. 90 LA TIN-ENGLISH rgvgrentia, reverence, regard, shame. rex, regis, king. rictus, -us, open, distended jaws [rinf/or = I show the teeth, snarl] . rider e, -si, -sum, laugh, laugh at. rigere, -gui, be stiff or numb, stand on end. rigidus, 3 stiff, hard. rigor, -oris, m., stiffness. riguus, 3 well- watered. ripa, bank. robur, -boris, n., strength, heart of oak, oak-trunk. rdgare, ask, ask for. rubeta, -orum, n., brambles. rudis, 2 rough, uncultured, un- civilized, roughly made. rug-osus, 3 wrinkled [ruga, wrinkle] . rurrcdla, adj., rustic [rus, colere] . rursus, again [contr. from revorsus (versus) , from ver- tere] . rus, ruris, n., country-side, district. rusticus, 3 adj., country-, wood- land; rustica turba, the crowd of countryfolk ; subst. (-i, m.), countryman. sacer, -era, -crum, adj., holy, consecrated, devoted. sacerdos, -otis, c., priest. sacra, -orum, sacred things, sacred rites, festival. saepe, often. sagitta, /., arrow. salignus, 3 of willow, willow- [salix, willow] . salire, salui, saltum, leap, throb, saltus, -us, (1) a woodland pasture ; (2) leaping, leap, salut'are, greet [salus, health]. Samos, -i, /., an island off the west coast of Asia Minor. sanctus, 3 holy, inviolable [san- cire, make inviolable]. sanguin*eus, 3 bloody. Sardes, -ium, /. pi., a town in Lydia. satis, adv., enough. saturare, 3 fill, glut, saturate. Saturnius, 3 son of Saturn, i.e. Jupiter. satus, -i, son; lit., sown, be- gotten [serere]. satyrus,' 2 satyr, a rustic deity with goat's ears and feet [Gk. word]. saucius, 3 smitten, wounded, saxum, rock. scrobis. c., hole, trench, ditch. sculpSre, -psi, -ptum, carve, fashion by carving. sdcare, -cui, -ctum, cut, cut away. se-cede're, -ssi, -ssum, with- draw. se"cundus, 3 second; mensa se- cunda, the second course, dessert [sequor]. s6c-uris, -is,/., axe [secare]. se-curus, 3 careless, at ease, sed, but. VOCABULARY. 91 sSdere, sedi, sessum, sit, be lodged. sedile, -is, .., seat. se'ducere, -xi, -ctum, take aside, withdraw. sedulus, 3 careful, busy. seges, -etis,/., cornfield, crop. semel, once. se-men, -mis, n., seed, off- spring. semper, always. senecta, /., old age. senex, senis, c., old man or woman. sen'ilis,' 2 adj., of the old man. senior, -oris, adj., elder, aged ; subst., old man. sententia, /., opinion, vote, award. sentire, sensi, sensum, per- ceive, feel. se-parare, put apart, divide, separate. sepelire, -ivi, sepultum, bury. septeni, 3 seven each, seven. sepulcrum, tomb [sepelire] . sequor, -qui, secutus, dep., fol- low. s6ra,/., bolt, bar. serere, sevi, satum, sow, plant, beget. sermo, -onis, m., speech, con- versation. serpens, -ntis, c., serpent, snake. sertum, garland [serere (-ui, -rtnm), entwine]. servare, watch over, guard, keep. servitium, slavery [servus]. si, if. sibilus ( pi. sibila) , a hissing. sic, thus, so, as follows. siccare, make dry, parch. siccus, 3 dry. sldereus, 3 of the stars, starry, belonging to the sun. Sidonius, 3 of (from) Sidon (in Phoenicia), Sidonian. sidus, -eris, n., constellation, star. signum, sign, ensign, statue, constellation. silentium, silence. Silenus, -i, m., Bacchus' fat old tutor. silex, -icis, m., flint-stone. silva, wood. silvestris, 2 woodland, from the woods [silva] . sunflis, 2 like. simul, at the same time, there- with. simulacrum, image [similis, simul] . simulare, feign, pretend, imi- tate [similis] . sincerus, 3 chaste, pure. sine, prep, with abL, without. smere, sivi, situm, allow, per- mit. singuli, -ae, -a, one each. sinistra, left hand [fern, of sinister, sc. manus] . sinuare, curve, wind, bend. sinus, 4 fold of a garment, hence the bosom, lap. si-stere, -stiti, -statum, set on. sitis (ace. im),/., thirst. si've, whether, or. 92 LA TIN-ENGLISH s6cius, 3 united, joint; s^^bst., comrade, ally. sol, solis, in., sun. s61ere, -itus sum, ani accus- tomed. sdlltus, 3 accustomed, wonted. sollieitare, disturb, stir up, ex- cite. solus 3 (-ius, -i), only, alone, lonely. solvere, -vi, solutum, break up, pay. sonare, -ui, -itum, make a sound, utter. sdnitus, -us, noise, sound, din. sordidus, 3 foul. sors, -rtis, /., lot, fate [from sero, as tors from fero] . sortiri, -itus, dep., cast lots, apportion, distribute, obtain by lot. spargere, -si, -sum, strew, scatter, besprinkle. spati'osus, 3 spacious, wide, large, huge. spatium, space, distance, length, extent. species, -ei, /., appearance, form. spScrosus, 3 splendid, beauti- ful. spectare, behold [freq. of specio, I look at]. spScus, -us, m., cave. sperne're, sprevi, spretum, despise. spes, spei,/., hope. spma, thorn, back-bone, spine. spira, winding, coil. splend idus, 3 bright, glorious. splendere, shine. spdlium, spoil. sponda, frame (of a couch) . sponte, of one's own accord. spuma,/., foam. spumrger, -gera, -gerum, foam-bearing, foaming. squama,/., scale. squanrosus, 3 scaly. stag-mini, standing water, pond. sta-men, -mis, ?i., the warp (in the Roman upright loom), thread, string (of a lyre) . stare, steti, statum, stand. status, -us, place, position, con- dition. Stella, star. stellatus, 3 set with stars, speckled [stella]. sterngre, stravi, stratum, spread. stipula, /., stalk of corn, pi., straw, stubble. stiva, plough-handle. stolidus, 3 dull, foolish. stra-men, straw [cf. stra'tum, supine q/'sterno]. stupere, -ui, be astounded. Stygius, 3 of the Styx, a river of the infernal regions. sub, prep, ivith abL, under. sub'dere, -didi, -ditum, put be- neath. sub'ire,-ii,-itum, come beneath. sub 'ltd, suddenly. subitus, 3 sudden. sublimis, 2 high, exalted. sub'merge're, -si, -sum, plunge under, submerge. VOCABULARY. 93 sub -missus, 3 lowered, gentle, calm, sub'mitte're, -misi, -missum, let down, lower, put under, subdue. sub-sequor, -qui, sgcutus, fol- low up. sub-sidSre, -sedi, -sessum, give way, yield. sucrcedere, -ssi, -ssum, come up, take the place of, succeed, follow. suc-cendere, -di, -sum, kin- dle, suc'cingere, -nxi, -uctum, gird up, tuck up. suc-cre'scere, -crevi, -cretum, grow up, be replenished, sulcus, m., furrow. summus, 3 highest ; summo guryite, on the surface of the lake, super, prep, and adv., over, above; besides. super'inicio, -ere, -ieci, -iec- tum, throw over or upon, superstes, -stitis, adj., surviv- ing. superus, 3 adj., above; sitbst., super i, the gods above, gods. supmus, 3 turned upwards, sup-plex, -plicis, adj., humbly begging, submissive. sup'plicare, kneel down to, implore (iv ith dat.) . sup'pone're, -posui, -positum, put beneath, bury, make subject. supra, adv., above; prep. w. ace., above. surggre, surrexi, surrectum, rise, grow up. sus, suis, c., swine, pig. sus-citare, kindle, arouse [subs (=sub), citare, freq. of ciere] . sus-tmere, -tmui, -tentum, hold up, brook, deign [subs ( = sub) , tenere] . suus, 3 adj., his-, her-, its-, one's-, their own. tabes, -is, /., wasting away, pestilence, corruption, poi- son. tabe'scere, tabui, melt, waste away, decay. taciturnus, 3 noiseless, quiet. tacitus, 3 silent, secret. talis, 2 such; talia, as follows. tamen, nevertheless. tan-dem, at length. tangere, tetigi, tactum, touch, move, stir. tantum, (1) so much, so far; tantum . . . quantum, so far as. (2) (so much and no more), only. tantus, 3 so great, so much. tardus, 3 slow. taurus, 2 bull. tectum, roof; pi., dwelling, house. tegere, -xi, -ctum, cover, thatch. tegmen, tegumen, covering. tellus, -uris, /., land, earth. telum, missile, spear. 94 LA TIN-ENGLISH templum, holy place, temple. temptare, try, test. tempus, -oris. n. t time; in pi., the temples of the head, tendere, tetendi, tensum (ten- turn), stretch, extend, strive. tgnebrae, pi., darkness. tSner, -era, -erum, tender, blooming. tSnere, -ui, -ntum, hold. tSmiis, adj., thin, fine, weak, unsubstantial, tepere, -ui, be warm. tSpidus, 3 warm [tepere, be lukewarm]. ter, thrice. tres, -etis, smooth and round, shapely [tero] . tergere, -rsi, -rsum, wipe, wipe away, ter gum, back, (of a pig} chine. tergus, -oris, n., back, chine, terra,/., earth, terrere, -ui, -itum, frighten, scare. terrrggna, -ae, c., born of the earth, sprung from the ground [rt. GEN; cf. gen'ui]. terror, -oris, m., fright, fear, panic. tertius, 3 third, testa, brick, tile, jar, piece of tile, textum, woven cover, coverlet [texere, -m, -xtum, weave] . thalamus, bed. Thracius, 8 Thracian, of Thrace (a country north of the Aegean or Archipelago). tiara, /., tiara, an eastern head-dress. tignum, beam, log. tilia, /., linden, lime-tree, timere, fear. timidus, 3 frightened, timid, bashful. timor, -oris, m., fear, pan- ic. tinguere, -nxi, -nctum, dip, dye. Titania, /., daughter of a Titan, i.e., Latona, daughter of Colus. titubare, totter. Tmolus, -i, m., a mountain in Lydia; also the god of the mountain. toMe're, sustuli, sublatum, raise, remove: torquere, -rsi, -rtum, twist, bend. torrere, -rui, tostum, roast, parch. t6rus, bed, mattress, totiens, so often. totus, all, the whole. trabs, -bis, /., beam, tree, tractare, handle, take in the hands \_freq. of trahgre] . tra'de're, -didi, -ditum, give over, instil [trans, dare] . tra-hSre, -xi, -ctum, draw, drag, protract, t. nomen, de- rive a name, tre'me're, -ui, -itum, tremble, quiver. tremor, -oris, m., trembling, quivering. trSnrulus, 3 quivering. VOCABULARY. 95 tri-plex, -plicis, adj., threefold, triple. tristis, 2 gloomy, sad, scowling. Tritonis, -idis,/., Tritonian, of Triton (i.e. Pallas Athene, from the lake in Libya where she was born) . truncare, strip. truncus, 2 trunk, body. tu, thou. tuba, /., trumpet, esp. war- trumpet; long and straight [same root as our tube] . tueor, -eri, -itus, look after, guard. tuli. &eefero[c/-.tollo]. turn, then. turner e, -ui, swell. tume-scSre, tumui, swell out [tiimere] . tumulare, entomb, bury [tum- ulus, tomb; turner e, swell]. turba, crowd. turbare, disturb, overthrow [turba] . turpis, 2 ugly, foul, shameful. turris, -is,/., tower, turret. tus, turis, n. t frankincense. tutela, /., guard [tutus, tueor] . tutus, 3 safe [tueor]. tuus, 3 thy, thine. Tyaneius, 3 of Tyana, a city of Asia Minor. Tyrius, 3 Tyrian, of Tyre, the chief town of Phoenicia. U uber, -eris, n., udder, richness, uber, adj., rich, plentiful. ubi, where, when. udus, 3 wet, moist [contr. from uvidus ; uvere = to be moist] . ullus, 3 any. ul'timus, 3 last, furthest. ul'tor, -oris, m., avenger [= ulctor ; cf. ulciscor] . ultra, adv., beyond, farther. ulva,/., sedge. umbra,/., shadow, shade. umSrus, 2 shoulder. umor, -oris, m., moisture. umquam, ever. una, adv., together, in com- pany. unda, wave, water. unde, whence. un-decimus, 3 eleventh. unicus, 3 one and one only, a single. unus, 3 one, only one, alone. urbs, -bis, /., city. ur&re, -ssi, -stum, burn, scorch. urna, /., water-jar, urn. usque", right on, even. usus, -us, use, employment, need [utor]. ut, as, when, how (with indie.} ; in order that, so that (ivith subj.) ; ut primum, so soon as. uter, -tra, -trum, which (of two). uterque, utraque, utrumque^ each of two, both. utilis, useful. utor, -i, usus, use (with abl.). utroque, adv., in both direc- tions. uva, grape. 96 LA TIN-ENGLISH vacca, cow. vadSre, -si, -sum, go, rush. vadum, ford, shoal, water. vagus, 3 straying. vale, farewell [imper. ofvdlere, be well]. validus, 3 strong, mighty. vallis, -is, /., valley. vanus, 3 empty, unworthy of credit. varius, 3 parti-coloured, speck- led, motley. vastus, 3 waste, huge, immense. -ve, or. velare, cover, veil. velle. See volo. vel'ut, just as, like. vena,/., vein. venenifer, -fera, -ferum, poi- sonous. venenum, poison. venia, pardon, grace. venire, veni, ventum, come. venter, -tris-, m., belly. Venus, -eris, Venus. ver, veris, n., spring. verbum, word. vereri, dep., fear, regard. vero, adv., in truth, however, indeed. verrere, -ri, -rsum, sweep. versare, turn [/re^.o/vertere]. vertere, -ti, -sum, turn, change. vertex, -Tcis, in., highest point, head. verus, 3 real, true. vester, -tra, -trum, your. vestlgare, track out, seek. vestigium, footstep; vestigia ponere, climb. vestis, -is, /., cloth, raiment, robe. vStare, -ui, -itum, forbid, refuse. vetus, -eris, adj., old, ancient. via, road, way, journey, pas- sage. vibrare, tr., set in tremulous motion, brandish; intr., quiver, vibrate. vicmia, neighbourhood, near- ness. vlcmus, 3 near, neighbouring. victor, -oris, m., conqueror; adj., victorious. videre, vidi, visum, see. vilis,' 2 cheap. villa, country house, farm- house. villus, 2 shaggy hair. vrmen, -inis, n., osier, pliant twig. vince're, vici, victum, conquer, get the better of. vincire, -uxi, -nctum, bind, wreathe. vine -ilium, that which binds, bond, connecting link, vmum, wine. vidlare, injure, dishonour. vlpSreus, 3 of vipers or snakes. vir, viri, man. virens, -ntis, adj., fresh. virere, -ui, be green. virga, twig, rod. virgo, -mis,/., maid. viridis, 2 green. vis, vim, vi, /., force, power, VOCABULAltY. 97 virtue ; pi., vires, -ium, -ibus, power, strength. visdre, -si, -sum, visit, vita, life. vitare, avoid, shun, vitiare, spoil, infect, poison, vitis,/., vine, vive're, -xi, -ctum, live. vivus, 3 living, lively, vix, scarcely. vdcare, call. vdlare, fly. vdlatus, 4 flying, flight. volnus, -eris, n., wound, thrust. vdlo, velle, volui, will, wish, mean. voltus, -us, countenance, volucris, /., bird (lit. ' winged '). vdlubflis, 2 rolling, changing, revolving. vdluntas, -utis,/., good will. vomer, -eris, m., ploughshare. v5tum, wish, vow; the thing obtained by prayer, vdvere, vovi, votum, vow, devote, pray, wish, vox, vocis, voice, word, sound. Zgphyrus, 2 west wind. THIS BOOK IS DUB ON THE LAST DATE STAMPED BELOW I 1> 11:6 ?z 3 > XJ mr< I U.C. BERKELEY LIBRARIES CDDbD77 e lb c l THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LIBRARY