THE LIBRARY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES THE PRESIDENTIAL FAVORITES A POLITICAL HAND-BOOK, CONTAINING THE PORTRAITS OP OVER TWENTY AMERICAN STATESMEN, TOGETHER WITH THEIR BIOGRAPHIES, AND AN EPITOME OF EVERY NATIONAL POLITICAL CONVENTION EVER HELD IN THE UNITED STATES, With Names of Nominees, and Other Political Information, indispens- able to the Politician and of value to Every Citizen. BENJ. F. BABCOCK, AUTHOR AND COMPILER. CHICAGO: PUBLISHED BY BABCOCK, FORT & CO., CALUMET 1884 COPYRIGHT 1884, BY BENJ. F. BABCOCK, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. C. B. COTTRELL ft CO., CELEBRATED PRINTING PRESSES. CHICAGO AGENCY, E. A. BLAKE, MANAGER, 198 CLARK ST. INK FURNISHED BY CHAS. KNEU JOHNSON * CO. PHILADELPHIA AND CHICAGO. ENGRAVINGS BY THE RAILWAY AGE, CHICAGO liliREAU OF ILLUSTRATION. TO THE PATRIOTIC IMPULSE WHICH PROMPTS THE CITIZENS OF OUR COUNTRY TO ACQUAINT THEMSELVES WITH THE LIVES OF OUR PUBLIC MEN AND OUR NATIONAL POLITICS, ffilje Slntljor DEDICATES THIS VOLUME. 550516 Few people are aware of the fact, that to collate material for a volume of this character, much time and research is required. There are few public or private libraries that contain volumes that have all the facts and figures which have been collected and printed herein. The Author and Compiler acknowledges that he is indebted to Porter's Constitutional History, Cooper's American Politics, and J. H. Martin, Esq., of Indianapolis, for many of the facts herein given. After the political canvass of 1884 is ended, this volume will be valuable, since it presents a mass of matter which will lose nothing of its worth as the years go by, but will be useful for reference in future campaigns. It is now launched, the author hopes, upon the sea of public favor, and he trusts that among the sketches of public men which he has given are those of the next President and Vice-President o the United States. The book being entirely non-partisan, he cannot indicate his personal preference; but he can say, as a patriotic citizen, that he trusts the best men may win. INDEX. PAGE. Title 1 Dedication 3 Exposition Building 4 Introduction 5 CHESTER A. ARTHUR 6-11 S. J. TILDEN 12-13 JAMES G. ELAINE 15-18 THOMAS A. HENDRICKS 19-23 JOHN A. LOGAN 24-28 JOSEPH E. MCDONALD 29-34 ROBERT T. LINCOLN 35-37 ROSWELL P. FLOWER 38-43 GEORGE F. EDMUNDS 44-45 A. G. THURMAN 47-49 W. Q. GRESHAM 50-54 THOMAS F. BAYARD 55-57 E. B. WASHBURNE 58-61 S. J. RANDALL 62-65 JOHN SHERMAN 66-70 H. B. PAYNE 71-73 BENJAMIN HARRISON 74-77 GEORGE HOADLY 78-82 Lucius FAIRCHILD 83-88 JOHN G. CARLISLE 89-91 WILLIAM T. SHERMAN 92-95 GROVER CLEVELAND 96-99 PHILIP H. SHERIDAN 100-103 WILLIAM R. MORRISON 104-105 J. R. HAWLEY 107-109 Epitome of American Politics 110-119 Presidents Continental Congress 120 Presidents and Vice Presidents United States. 120 Electoral Votes for President and Vice President 121-123 PAGE. Summary Popular and Electoral Votes 1789-1880 124-125 Signers Declaration of Independence ... 126 Ante- War Debts of the States 126 Candidates for President and Vice Pres- ident 127 Electoral Votes to which each State has been entitled 1789-1884 127 Cabinet Officers of the Administra- tions 128-129 All Speakers House of Representa- tives 130 Troops Furnished During Rebellion 130 Expenditures by Items of War of the Rebellion 131-133 National Debts, Expenditure and Com- merce per Capita 133 Rates of Wages Different Countries and Cities 134 Retail Prices of Necessaries of Life Dif- ferent Countries 135 Apportionment House of Representa- ti ves 135 Length of Sessions of Congress 1789-1883.136 Civil Officers of the United States 136 States and Territories, when Admitted, Area, Population, etc 137 Troops Called Into Service 137 State and Territorial Governments 138 Comparison of Elections 1880-1883 139 Principal Committees XLVIII Congress.140 History of Corruption 141 Rank of States 142 Supreme Court of the United States 143 Presidents of the United States 144 A POLITICAL HAND-BOOK. The present President of the United States, is the son of the late Rev. Wm. Arthur, D. D., a Baptist clergyman, who emigrated to this country from Bal- lymena, Ireland. The Rev. Mr. Arthur was a graduate of the University of Belfast, a fine scholar, a man of resolute will and positive opinions, and able and Avilling to maintain them. His son, President Arthur, has most decidedly proven that he is not plastic clay in the hands of any set of political owners, and may be credited with having inherited much of his father's decision of character. October 6th, 1830, while his father was pastor of a small church in Fairfield, Vermont, Chester was born. Chester found his father's liberal education, especially in the classics, Latin and Greek, of great advantage to him in the days when he was prepar- ing for college. His first preparation began in Union Village (now Green- wich), a pleasant hamlet of Washington county, New York, and his prepara- tory studies were completed at a grammar school in the sleepy town of Sche- nectady. In Headley's life of Arthur I find the following, written by Hon. James I. Laurie, now a prominent lawyer of Greenwich, who formerly taught in the Academy there. Recounting, in a letter to Hon. D. R. Anthony, some of the characteristics of his former pupils, and their subsequent career, he says: "Another scholar of those days, though only about twelve years of age, was Chester A. Arthur. His eyes were dark and brilliant, and his physical system finely formed. He was frank and open in his manners, and genial in his dis- position. Even at that early age he was a favorite with all who knew him. He was full of life and animation. His active abilities, his courage, and his- strength of will, made him a leader among his companions. One of his sis- ters, an excellent and beautiful girl, died here at the old Baptist parsonage, where the Rev. Dr. Arthur resided. He afterwards graduated at Union College, and settled in the city of New York, and distinguished himself as a leading and reliable statesman. A few years ago, while he was Collector of the Port of New York, he came here to visit his old home. He was exceed- ingly interested in all the familiar places in and around the village, arid especially in the parsonage. He went through every room, from the cellar to the roof, of the old, time-worn building. He met his early friends with great cordiality. There is no more genial, reliable, noble-hearted man in the State of New York than Chester A. Arthur." Young Arthur entered Union College in 1845, when cnly fifteen years old. Out of a class of over one hundred, he was one of six who were elected mem- bers ol the Phi Beta Kappa Society, the condition of entrance to which is the Lighest scholarship. He was compelled to absent himself from college two winters during his course, to earn money to go on with his education. His father received only a small salary and had a large family to support, hence it was necessary for 10 THE PRESIDENTIAL FA VO RITES. Chester to, in a measure, support himself. When sixteen years old, there- fore, and a Sophomore, he obtained a school at Schaghticoke, Kensselaer County, and taught there throughout the winter. While teaching he had to keep up his studies in college. In the last year of his college course he was again compelled to teach another winter term at Schaghticoke. At the age of eighteen he graduated, having become very popular with his fellow-students, and had become a member of the Psi Upsilon fraternity, in the welfare of which he has since taken a great interest. After graduation, he attended a law school at Ball- ston Springs, for several months, then returned to Lansingburg, where his father resided, and studied law. In 1851, at the age of twenty-one, he obtained a situation as Principal of an Academy at North Pownal, Benning- ton County, Vermont, and prepared boys for college. Mr. Arthur having been admitted to the bar, and being possessed of $-500, gathered by strictest economy, he determined to commence the practice of his chosen profession. After prospecting for some time in the West, with a friend named Gardiner, he repaired to New York, and entered into partnership with Judge E. D. Culver, whom he had known when the latter was Member of Congress from Washington County. The law firm became Culver, Parker & Arthur, and enjoyed from the outset a large and lucrative practice. Mr. Arthur's inher- ited anti-slavery sentiments and his acquired legal knowledge, were both dis- played in the celebrated Lemmon slave case, in which was settled the prin- ciple that slaves became free when brought into the State of New York by their masters. The decision caused intense excitement at the South, Gov- ernor Howell Cobb, of Georgia, declaring that it was " a just cause for war." In 18-36 he began to take a very active part in politics in the City of New York, having previous to that date been a delegate to the Saratoga Conven- tion, in which the Kepublican party had its origin. In his political inter- course he became acquainted with Hon. Edwin D. Morgan, who, while Gov- ernor, appointed him Engineer-in-Chief on his staff. Becoming interested in the State Militia, he was made Judge- Advocate- General of the Second Brigade, thus acquiring some military knowledge, which was soon to stand him in good stead. The day after the commencement of actual war at Fort Sumter, Mr. Arthur was summoned to Albany by the Governor, who requested him to immediately establish in New York City, a branch Quarter- master's Department, and to take charge of the same. While occupying this position, General Arthur displayed the greatest energy, organizing power and executive ability. From almost nothing, so to speak, he had to create equipments, uniforms and supplies for an army of men, hurriedly gathered, and to be as hurriedly sent to the front. His conduct of this department elicited general approval and the warmest commendation. He was economical in his purchases, and not even his enemies ever accused him of making a cent out of the millions he disbursed ; even gifts offered him by contractors he refused with contempt. The inauguration of General Seymour, in 1863, deprived General Arthur of his office ; but upon retiring therefrom, his successor, S. V. Talcott, in a report to the Governor, acknowledged that the department was well organized, and the system of labor and accounting perfect. When General Grant ran for President, he became President of the Central Grant Club, of New York, and Chairman of the Executive Committee of the Republican State Committee, A POLITICAL HAND-BOOK. 11 November 20th, 1871, President Grant appointed him Collector of the Port of New York. The office came unsought and was with much hesitation accepted. In 1875 he was reappointed, the Senate unanimously confirming him without reference to a committee a compliment never given before except to ex-Senators. He was the first .Collector of the port ever re-appointed for a second term. In 1878 he was succeeded by General E. A. Merritt, and returned to the practice of his profession. In 1879 he was chosen Chairman of the Republican State Convention ; and in June, 1880, was nominated for Vice -President, at Chicago, and in November elected. In the winter of 1879 he had the misfortune to lose his wife, a daughter of the heroic Captain W. L. Herndon, U. S. N. President Garfield having expired on the night of the 19th of September, 1881, Mr. Arthur, upon notification, immediately took the oath of office as President. His course and action since he became Presi- dent is a part of our present political history. It is sufficient to say that the office is honestly and creditably administered, and that as a Chief Magistrate of a great nation, Mr. Arthur bears himself with great dignity and firmness, and gives no occasion for the slightest political or social scandal. In personal appearance and bearing he has few equals, being of good size, compactly built and erect carriage. His elegance of demeanor and gen- tle manliness of character, seem not to be so much acquired as inherited. As some one has aptly remarked, he has the instincts of a gentleman and cannot help being one. 12 THE PRESIDENTIAL FAVORITES. This distinguished gentleman was born in New Lebanon, Columbia County, New York, February 9, 1814. His grandfather had settled there in 1790, and he was descended from stock that came to this country and settled in Massa- chusetts about 1630. Governor Tilden was liberally educated, and in 1837 entered Yale College, being in the class with such distinguished men as Hon. W. M. Evarts, Chief Justice Waite and Edwards Pierrepont. Attended law school at Columbia College, New York City, and was admitted to practice in due course of time. In 1846, he was elected a member of the Assembly from New York City, and gave such satisfaction as a legislator that he was chosen a member of the Constitutional Convention, serving on the Committee on Canals and Finance. His law practice became very extensive and lucrative, as he became the trusted counselor of many large corporations and wealthy people, and a trustee for the bondholders of some of the larger western lines of railroad. In 1860, Mr. Tilden exerted himself to avert the Civil War ; but when the blow came he supported the Government. In 1866, he was chosen Chairman of the Democratic State Committee, a position in which he displayed his remarkable organizing powers ; and in 1867, was a leading member of the Constitutional Convention, serving with distinction on the Finance Committee. He was indefatigable in his labors for judicial reform, helping to organize the Bar Association, which had for its object the correction of judicial abuses. When the Tweed ring had New York by the throat, and it became necessary to break its hold, Mr. Tilden threw himself into the breach, and determined to effect the punishment of those officials who were guilty of defrauding the city treasury. Here he ren - dered invaluable services by his masterly analysis of the accounts of the Broadway Bank, showing conclusively how the culprits had shared the spoils, and furnishing the legal proof which made their conviction possible. In 1872, Mr. Tilden was again elected to the General Assembly, where he continued his exertions in the cause of reform. His name had now become so much a synonym for clean public service, the Democratic party, September 16, 1874, nominated him for Governor, and he was elected over so distin- guished a man as General John A. Dix. When the National Democratic Convention met at St. Louis, June 28, 1876, Mr. Tilden was nominated for President on a platform which he had indicated, if not dictated. The election was so close, Congress was called upon to decide the question, and the result was the famous Electoral Commission, which decided, eight to seven, thsit Hayes was elected. A majority of the popular vote was undoubtedly cast for Mr. Tilden, and, although he acquiesced in the decision of the Commission, he never believed it was just. Since that time Mr. Tilden has resided quietly in New York City and at Greystone, on the Hudson Eiver. In 1 880, he declined to have his name used as a candidate for the Presidency, though the nomina- tion was certain, if he would accept. Mr. Tilden was never married. (I y-as A POLITICAL HAND-BOOK. 17 If there is one mail in. this country who has attracted public attention, more than another, during the past decade, that man is the subject- of this short notice. He was born at the Indian Hill farm, West Brownsville, Wash- ington county, Pennsylvania, January 31, 1830. His great-grandfather, Ephraim Elaine, was a Colonel in the Pennsylvania Line, and Commissary General during the Revolutionary War, or at least that period from 1778, to 1783. James G. Elaine was educated principally in Washington County, though he lived for a time during his boyhood, in the family, at Lancaster, Ohio, of that eminent statesman, Thomas Ewing, late Secretary of the United States Treasury. With his cousin, the present General Thomas Ewing, he was for a time under the tutelage of an Englishman named William Lyons, a brother of the elder Lord Lyons, and uncle of the late British Minister at Washington. After a full course of study at Washington College, Pennsylva- nia, which he entered in 1843, where he was specially distinguished for his mathematical ability, he graduated in 1847. His first vocation was teaching, becoming a professor in the Western Mil- itary Institute, at Georgetown, Kentucky, a few miles from. Lexington. Here he spent two years, training his mind for the logical reasoning for which he is noted. Meantime he studied law, and was admitted to the bar in Pennsyl- vania, but never practiced the profession. At this period of his life he was a frequent contributor to newspapers and magazines, having an inherent love for the profession of journalism. In 18-33, he went East, instead of West, as the late Horace Greeley advised Hon. J. B. Grinuell, and located in the Pine Tree State. Here he assumed the editorship and control of the Kennebec (Maine) Journal. Upon the formation of the Republican party, in 1854, he threw himself into the cause, and in 1855, was noted as a political speaker. The late Gov- ernor Kent, of Maine, wrote of him as follows: "Almost from the day of his assuming editorial charge of the Kennebec Journal, at the early age of twenty-three, Mr. Elaine sprang into a position of great influence in the pol- itics and policy of Maine. At twenty-five he was a leading power in the councils of the Republican party, so recognized by Fessenden, Hamlin, the two Morrills, and others then and still prominent in the State. Before he was twenty-nine, he' was chosen Chairman of the Executive Committee of the Republican organization in Maine a position lie has held ever since, and from which he has practically shaped and directed every political campaign in the State always leading his party to brilliant victory. Had Mr. Elaine been New England born, he would probably not have received such rapid advancement at so early an age, even with the same ability he possessed. But there was a sort of Western dash about him that took with us Down- Easters ; an expression of frankness, candor and confidence that gave him from the start a very strong and permanent hold on our people, and, as the foundation of all, a pure character and a masterly ability equal to all demands upon him." 18 THE PRESIDENTIAL FA VO RITES. In 1858, lie was chosen to the Legislature, where he served four years, the two last as Speaker of the Rouse. In 1862, he was chosen a Representa- tive in Congress, and from his entry into that body dates his national reputa- tion. His fellow- members were not long in finding out that "the man from Maine" was fully able to measure lances with the best men in Congress. His mind was fully equipped, he had a remarkably retentive memory, a constitu- tion that enabled him to do a vast amount of work, and, withal, was earnest in his convictions and not afraid to enunciate his belief. Mr. Elaine has never been accused of evading responsibility, or the expression of his opinions on any public question. In short, he is, and always has been, a positive man. When only thirty-nine years of age, in the year 1869, he was chosen Speaker of the United States House of Eepresentatives, having, since the death of Thaddeus Stevens, of Pennsylvania, been regarded as the leader of his party upon the floor. Mr. Elaine distinguished himself by his thorough knowledge of parliamentary rules, his quickness, firmness and impressive manner. He held the Speakership until March, 1875, and, at the close of each Congress, was complimented most cordially by both parties for his impartiality. In 1876, the Democracy having got control of the House, he was defeated for the Speakership by Hon. S. J. Randall. The history of the war and reconstructive legislation, could not be written without large mention of James G. Elaine. His hand was visible in all his party's measures, aud his power was what brought to fruition many of the most important measures of that stormy period. One of his greatest speeches was entitled " The Ability of the American People to Suppress the Rebellion." This was delivered when the clouds seemed darkest, and when our people were most depressed, but its force carried conviction and nerved many an aching heart to renewed courage and hope. In fact it proved such a powerful document when printed, it was used for campaign purposes in the canvass of 1864. In 1876, Mr. Elaine was the most prominent candidate of his party for the Presidential nomination. At the Convention, which was held in Cincinnati, he was placed in nomination in a speech by Col. Ingersoll that fairly thrilled and captured the Convention. On every ballot, except the last, he received the highest number of votes, but was finally beaten by his opponents uniting upon Gov. Hayes, of Ohio. Among the very first messages of congratulation that Gov. Hayes received, was one from the "Plumed Knight, "and in the can- vass which followed no one did more than Elaine, to win success for the ticket. In July, 1876, Hon. Lot M. Morrill, having been appointed Secretary of the Treasury, the Governor of Maine appointed Mr. Elaine U. S. Senator. In the Senate he proved "infallible in history and impregnable in debate ;" but his energy and vehemence better fitted him for leadership in the more turbulent House. Again, in 1880, Mr. Elaine was a candidate for the Presidency, and would have won it without doubt but for the candidacy of Gen. Grant. Again a com- promise of his opponents consolidated the vote upon Gen. Garfield, but not until Mr. Elaine had advised his supporters to transfer their allegiance to Garfield. Soon after Garfield's election he notified Mr. Elaine that he was the choice for Secretary of State, an office which he accepted, resigning his seat in the Senate. His letter to President Garfield accepting the trust was one of the manliest ever written by a political chieftain to his chief. Upon Gar- field's untimely death he tendered his resignation as Secretary of State to President Arthur, and was succeeded by Hon. Theodore T. Frelinghuysen, of New Jersey. Since that time Mr. Elaine has not sought political honors, but rather has lived quietly in Maine and Washington, recruiting his health and spending much of his time in literary work. Mr. Elaine is a married man, has quite a family of children, and is, with- out the slightest doubt, a model head of a family. A constant attendant of the Congregational Church, he brings no disrepute upon the religion which he professes. A POLITICAL HAND-BOOK. 21 The subject of this sketch was born September 7, 1819, on a farm near Zanesville, Ohio. His father, John Hendricks, was born in Western Pennsyl- vania, being a member of a family of one of the first settlers in Ligonier Valley, Westmoreland County, where he took an active interest in public affairs, serving his neighbors in town and county offices as well as, with honor to them and himself, in the State Legislature. The mother of Thomas A. Hendricks, was of Scotch descent, her maiden name being Jane Thomson. She^was a granddaughter of one John Thomson, a Scotchman who emigrated to Pennsylvania anterior to the Revolutionary war, and gained considerable celebrity by an address to the Scotch people, in which he set forth what he believed to be the advantages of America, as to soil, climate and institutions. His character led many Scotch to emigrate to the Cumberland Valley, where they formed a considerable settlement between Carlisle and Chambersburg. John Thomson was every inch a man, having abundant intelligence, thrifty habits, direct in his speech, earnest in conviction, and imbued with that patriotism that made us a free nation. Through his family, which was large, and his influence upon others, he made himself felt in his day and genera- tion. When the tocsin of war sounded to arms, several of his sons marched with Washington, to free this land from the British yoke. Such men are almost always perpetuated by descendants who become noted, and he has been no exception to this general rule ; his Calvinistic faith, even, has fol- lowed his vigorous stock. The wife of John Hendricks and her niece were the only members of the Thomson family who emigrated West, the other branches of the family being found principally in and about Pittsburg and Philadelphia. When Thomas A. Hendricks, was six months old, his parents removed from near Zanesville, Ohio, to Madison, Ind., on the Ohio River. William Hendricks, an uncle of Thomas A., was living at Madison, being then a Member of Con- gress and enjoying the full esteem and confidence of the people of Southern Indiana. A few years later he was elected Governor, and at the end of his gubernatorial term became United States Senator. Through his good sense and high character, Indiana was brought into good repute, and began to take the rank to which her position entitled her. The father of our sketch was appointed Deputy Surveyor of Public Lands under Gen . Jackson's administration, and became widely known and respected. In 1822 he removed to the interior of the State, and held the first title to a quantity of land, upon a portion of which Shelbyville is now built. Upon a gentle hill in the heart of a beautiful forest, he built a brick homestead which yet stands in good preservation, in full sight of the little city of Shelbyville. This home soon became noted for its hospitality, for the social worth and learning of its occupants, and was the attraction which drew to it the leading 22 THE PRESIDENTIAL FA VO RITES. citizens of the young State. In those days all the people of worth and dis- tinction in that portion of the country, were at one time or another enter- tained -within its walls; and it is fair to presume that then and there the young lad, who was destined in after years to fill so considerable a portion of his State's and the Nation's history, learned lessons useful in after life. At this fireside the orthodox minister loved to come ; he was sure of an earnest welcome, for he found in John Henclricks and wife, people earnest in their convictions and zealous for the right. To quote: " The presiding genius of that home was the gentle wife and mother, who tempered the atmosphere of learning and zeal with the sweet influences of charity and love." "Essentially clever and persistent, she was possessed of a rare quality of patience, which stood her in better stead than a turbulent, aggressive spirit." Those who analyze the character of Thomas A. Hendricks will find that he has as a birth-right these traits of his mother to a large degree. To- gether with his brother and sister, he attended the village school from which his brother Abram passed to the University of Ohio, and, after graduating, became a Presbyterian minister, while Thomas A. entered the college at South Hanover. After graduation he began the study of the law at home under instruction of Judge Major. From early boyhood he had displayed a fond- ness for legal discussions, often attending court when a mere lad in order to hear the discussions of counsel. After a considerable period of study at home he journeyed to Chambersburg, Pa., where, in the office of his uncle, Judge Thomson, he completed the course necessary for admission to the bar, and returned home and was admitted to practice at Shelbyville. He did not at once step into a large practice, but gradually it increased and with it his reputation as a good counselor, clear reasoner and learned advocate. From the year 1848 his legal life has been closely interwoven with his political, and it is impossible almost to separate the two. In this year he was elected to the Legislature, serving one term, and de- clining renomination. In 1850 he was chosen delegate, without opposition, to the convention to alter the Constitution of the State. Associated with with him as younger members of the body were Judges Holman and Hovey, and the late Vice-President, Schuyler Colfax; and, like them, he took an active and prominent part in the deliberative proceedings. In 1851 he was elected to Congress from the Indianapolis District; was re-elected, and in a third canvass suffered defeat. He had hardly settled down to the practice of his profession after his unsuccessful political campaign, before President Pierce, without solicitation from him, appointed him Commissioner of the General Land Office. This mark of the President's confidence was entirely unexpected, but he entered upon the trust imposed with zeal, and, although the duties of the Land Department were at this time exceedingly onerous, the sales, enti'ies and grants being larger than ever before in our history, his administration of the office was acknowledged as being the ablest in its his- tory. After four years' service as Commissioner he returned to Indiana, and in 1860, ran for Governor, to be beaten by his competitor, Col. Henry S. Lane. Two years later, in 1862, the Democrats obtained a majority in, the Legisla- ture, and in recognition of Mr. Hendricks' services, elected him United States Senator. His service in the Senate covered the entii'e war period, and although on the minority side of the Chamber, he voted for the earnest A POLITICAL HAND-BOOK. 23 prosecution of the war, differing with, the administration only on the ques- tion of conscription, rather favoring enlistment and a fair bounty. At the close of the war he held that at no time had the States in revolt been out of the Union, and were therefore entitled to full representation in Congress. He had moved, in 1360, to Indianapolis, and in 1862, had formed a law part- nership with Mr. Oscar B. Hord, which, in 1866, was extended to a cousin, Col. A. W. Hendricks, the firm being known as Hendricks, Hord & Hen- dricks. At the expiration of his term in the Senate, he returned home to rest, hoping to quietly resume the practice of the profession he loved; but in 1872 the Democrats, against his earnest protest, nominated and elected him Governor, He was inaugurated Jan. 13, 1873, and his administration of the office called forth but little criticism, it being acknowledged upon all sides that it was able and honest. In the exciting political conflict of 1876, he was the nominee of his party for the Vice-Presidency, carrying his own State by over 5,000 majority. Although he and his party believed that Tilden and Hendricks were elected, the Elec- toral Commission formed to decide the question, decided that Hayes and Wheeler were the men, in which decision Mr. Hendricks acquiesced, though doubting its justice. In the summer of 1877, Gov. Hendricks, accompanied by his wife, made a tour of Great Britain, Germany and France, and upon his return to America resumed the practice of the law. Gov. Hendricks married, in 1845, Miss Eliza C. Morgan, who lived near Cincinnati, Ohio, and is the grand- daughter of the late Dr. Stephen Wood, a prominent citizen and early settler of Hamilton County. They have had one child, a son, who lived to be three years old. Of commanding figure, good address, high attainments and with warm attachments, a pure record and great dignity of character, Gov. Hen- dricks is, without doubt, one of our ablest men and an idol of the Democracy. 24 THE PRESIDENTIAL FA VO RITES. John Alexander Logan is of Irish stock, his father, Dr. John Logan, com- ing to this country from Ireland three years before the birth of the General, an event which occurred February 9, 1826. With the exception of attending schools in the neighborhood, in an intermittent fashion, owing to the fact that no regular schools existed in the settlement, his early or preparatory education was derived from the teaching of his father. Having laid the foundation, he entered Louisville University, and in due course graduated. Upon the declai-ation of war with Mexico, John A. Logan promptly enlisted as a private soldier in the Illinois Volunteers, and was chosen a Lieutenant in the First Illinois Infantry. He did good service, becoming Quartermaster and Adjutant of his Regiment. At the close of the war he returned home, and in the fall of 1848, began to study law in the office of his uncle, Alexander M. Jenkins, formerly Lieutenant Governor of Illinois. In November, 1849, he was elected Clerk of Jackson County, and while discharging his official duties completed his law studies, and after attending a course of law lectures in Louisville, receiving a diploma, he was admitted to the bar, and commenced practice with his uncle. He became almost immediately successful and popular, for we find that in 1853, he was elected to the State Legislature, and in 1854 to the office of Prosecuting Attorney of the Third Judicial District of Illinois, holding the office until 1857. Mr. Logan was re-elected to the State Legislature in 1853, 1856 and 1857, and in 1856, was a Presidential Elector on the Buchanan and Breckinridge ticket. In 1858, he was nominated and elected a Representative to the Thirty- sixth Congress, as a Douglas Democrat, and re-elected by a large majority in 1860. A most ardent Democrat and an earnest supporter of the " Little Giant," when the bugle blast of war swept Northward from the South, he declared his willingness to "shoulder his musket to secure the inauguration of Mr. Lincoln." In July, 1861, during the extra session of Congress, his patriotism was so greatly aroused by the sight of Illinois troops going to the front, he left his seat in the House, and joined the troops on their way to meet the enemy. He marched bravely into the first battle of Bull Run, under Col. Richardson, fought in the ranks, and was among the last to leave the ensanguined field. In August of the same year, he returned from his home to Washington, resigned his office as a Representative, and dedicated himself to his country's cause for the term of the war, unless sooner killed or disabled. He immediately organized the Thirty-first Illinois Infantry, and Sep- tember 21st, was made its Colonel. In November, the regiment had its first baptism of blood at Belmont. Here he had his horse shot under him while leading a successful bayonet charge. With Grant he made the cam- paign which resulted in the taking of Forts Henry and Donelson, but was so severely wounded at the assault upon the latter, he was disabled for A POLITICAL HAND-BOOK. 27 several months. As soon as convalescent lie reported for duty to General Grant, at Pittsburg Landing, March 5, 1862, and was immediately appointed Brigadier- General of Volunteers. He bore a conspicuous part in the move- ment against Corinth, and performed efficient service in guarding the rail- road line to Jackson, Tennessee. During the siammer of 1862, he was repeatedly urged to "run for Con- gress," but his reply was worthy a hero, "I have entered the field to die, if need be, for this government, and never expect to return to peaceful pur- suits until the object of this war of preservation has become a fact estab- lished." His personal bravery and military skill was so conspicuous in Grant's Northern Mississippi movements, where he commanded a division of the Seventeenth Army Corps, under Gen. McPherson, he was promoted to the rank of Major- General, Nov. 26, 1862. He was present in every fight, his daring bravery animating his men at Fort Gibson, Kaymond, Jackson, Champion Hill and Vicksburg. He was in command of McPherson's center June 25, when the assault upon Vicksburg was made, immediately following the mine explosion. His column led the entrance into the city, and he became its first military Governor. In November, 1863, Gen. Logan succeeded Gen. Sherman in command of the Fifteenth Army Corps ; and the following May he joined Sherman as the Georgia campaign was opening. Logan led the advance of the Army of the Tennessee at Resaca, whipped Hardee's trained veterans at Dallas, and drove the enemy from Kenesaw Mountain. July 22, he was in the fierce battle before Atlanta, which cost the gallant McPherson his life. In his report of the battle, Gen. Sherman said: " Gen. Logan succeeded him (McPherson), and commanded the Army of the Tennessee, through this desperate battle with the same success and ability that had characterized him in the command of a corps or division." In the autumn of 1864, after the fall of Atlanta, he returned to Illinois, temporarily, to take part in the Presidential campaign, doing yoeman service for the re-election of Abraham Lincoln. He then rejoined the army, and accompanied Sherman in his " March to the Sea," and continued with him until the surrender of Gen. Joseph Johnston, April 26, 1865. Gen. Logan took command of the Army of the Tennessee, the 23d of October, tendering his resignation just as soon as active service was over, being unwilling to draw pay unless on duty in the field. Piesident Johnson quickly tendered him the mission to Mexico, which he declined. The Republicans of his district sent him to the Fortieth Congress, where he served in the impeachment trial of President Johnson. Re-elected to the Forty-first Congress, he was made Chairman of the Committee on Military Affairs. In this committee he was of great use to the nation, his experience in the field having been invaluable to him in regard to military legislation. He was re-elected to the Forty-second Congress, but before it was time to take his seat, the Illinois Legislature chose him United States Senator for the full term, commencing March 4, 1871. At the commencement of the third session of the Forty- second Congress, he became Chairman of the Military Committee, succeeding Vice-President Wilson. At the close of his Senatorial term he returned to Illinois, to practice law in Chicago. He had not got fairly settled, however, before he was again elected U. S. Senator, and took his seat March 18, 1879; his present term 28 THE PRESIDENTIAL FAVORITES. will expire March 3, 1885. He led the Illinois delegation in the National Convention held in Chicago in 1880, and was one of the most determined of the 306, who followed the fortunes of " The Old Commander," Gen. Grant. Gen. Logan is a brilliant debater, and having taken his position, never beats a retreat. He has made many bright speeches which have attracted national attention, and by his course in the Fitz John Porter case has riveted the eyes of the people upon him. His wife, who was Miss Mary S. Cunningham, of Shawneetown, 111., and to whom he was married Nov. 27, 1855, is a worthy helpmate, and is almost as popular in Illinois as her distinguished husband. The General has been foremost in all legislation for the benefit of the soldiers of the late war, and possesses the confidence of the late rank and file to a remarkable degree. Whatever may betide him politically in the future, it is very certain that for all time his name will shine bright in the galaxy of heroes of the late war. A POLITICAL HAND-BOOK. 31 Joseph Ewing McDonald, was born in Butler County, Ohio, on the 29th of August, 1819. His father, Jolin McDonald, was of Scotch extraction, a native of Pennsylvania, and by occupation a farmer. He was a man of ster- ling worth, determined, industrious and self-sacrificing. He died when the subject of this sketch was still in infancy, thus depriving him of his main support and counsel, and casting on him for the future many burdens and responsibilities. His mother, Eleanor Piatt McDonald, was a Pennsylvanian. Her ancestors were French Huguenots, who located first in New Jersey, and afterwards settled permanently in Ohio. She was a woman of a superior order of intellect her standards all high, her influence always elevating. Her highest ambition was a mother's to educate her children and make each a worthy and useful member of society. She was a woman of refined tastes, a pleasant writer, and for the amusement and advancement of her children, wrote many sketches and scraps of song. She and her husband were both earnest members of the United Presbyterian Church. Several years after the death of John McDonald, she was married to John Kerr, at Fairfield town- ship, Butler County, Ohio. Mr. Kerr was a native of Ireland, a frugal, indus- trious farmer, always out of debt, a just and courteous neighbor, a firm but kind parent, and the father of seven children four sons and three daughters. He moved with his family to Montgomery County, Indiana, in the fall of 1826, entered land and opened a farm. He was a member of the Old-school Pres- byterian Church. He died in 1856, at the residence of the subject of this sketch, in Crawfordsville, Montgomery County, Indiana. Joseph was seven years of age when, in 1826, his parents located in Montgomery County, then an almost unbroken forest. He remained on the farm until the age of twelve, excepting two years spent at Crawfordsville attending school. Such time as he could command from his labors on the farm, was occu- pied in pursuing a course of study, which aided much in laying the founda- tion for the eventful future in store for him. At an early age he conceived a strong love for the law, and when ten years old he had determined upon making that profession his life work, at the cost of any personal hardship or sacrifice. In his twelfth year the ambitious aspirant for future honors at the bar, became an apprentice at the saddler's trade, at Lafayette, Indiana. In that capacity he served five years and nine months, excepting three months spent in attending school. For fidelity to their interests, his employers released him from the last three months of his apprenticeship, which time he spent in prosecuting his studies. Following the resolution made before going to learn a trade, he still pursued his studies with vigor at such times as he could snatch from work or rest. He had already become quite proficient in the English branches and rudiments of learning. His favorite study was history, in which he became well versed, and which he retained and quoted with readiness and accuracy. During his apprenticeship he had access to 32 THE PRESIDENTIAL FAVORITES. the extensive and well-selected library of Dr. Israel T. Canby, who was then receiver of the public moneys of the land office at Crawfordsville, Indiana. This opportunity was well improved, and he was prepared before leaving there, in 1838, to enter upon advanced fields of knowledge. At the age of eighteen years, he entered Wabash College at Crawfordsville, and began the study of the higher branches of learning with success, supporting himself mainly by plying his trade at such times as it was possible to do so. He con- tinued his studies at College till the spring of 1840, except for a short period in the spring of 1839, when he acted with the engineer corps of the state of Indiana, who were then surveying the bed for the Wabash and Erie Canal. In 1840, he entered Asbury University, at Greencastle, Indiana, and remained six months, returning to Crawfordsville, where he remained for the rest of the year, and taught school one term. In the spring of 1841, he went to Williamsport, Indiana, taking a position as clerk in the store of James McDonald, his brother, where he resided one year. In the spring of 1842, he began the study of law at Lafayette, Indiana, with Zebulon Beard, one of the first lawyers in the State, as his preceptor. He advanced with rapid strides in his chosen profession, his quick and firm grasp of its principles being remarkable. He was admitted to practice, upon examination before the Supreme Court of Indiana, consisting of Judges Blackford, Dewey and Sul- livan, in the spring of 1843. He was nominated for the office of prosecuting attorney before he received his license to practice, and was elected to that position at the August election following, over Kobert Jones, a Whig and a prominent member of the Lafayette bar. This was the first election of that class of officers by the people, they having formerly been chosen by the Legislature. On the 25th of December, 1844, he was married to Nancy Euth Buell, at Williamsport, Indiana. She was the daughter of Dr. Buell, a practicing physician and surgeon, and a woman of lovely character, devoted to her family, and conspicuous for her quiet and thorough benevolence. The issue of this union was Ezekiel M., Malcolm A., Frank B., and Annie M. McDonald, afterwards Mrs. Caldwell, who died June 2, 1877. He was re-elected prosecuting attorney over Kobert Evans, a prominent lawyer and politician, in August, 1845, serving in all a period of four years. In the fall of 1847, he moved to Crawfordsville and entered on the practice of the law, where he lived until 1859. He was elected to the thirty-first Congress, from the old Eighth District, in August, 1849, and served one term. In 1856 he was elected Attorney General of Indiana, being the first chosen to this office by the people, and was re-elected in 1858, serving in all four years. He was not a candidate for a third term. In the spring of 1859, he removed to Indianapolis and entered upon the practice of the law, forming a partnership with Addison L. Eoache, ex -Judge of the Supreme Court of Indiana. In 1864, Mr. McDonald was nominated for Gov- ernor of Indiana by the Democratic State Convention, and made a joint can- vass with Oliver P. Morton, the Eepiiblican nominee. At the election he received six thousand more votes for Governor than the State ticket did in 1862, when the entire Democratic State ticket, together with a majority in both branches of the General Assembly, was elected. Mr. Morton was elected, however, by nearly twenty thousand votes. In 1868, E. M. McDonald became the law partner of his father, and the next year Addison L. Eoache retired from the firm. E. M. McDonald died January 1st, 1873. Frank B. A POLITICAL HAND-BOOK. 33 J McDonald, his youngest son, has since become the law partner of Mr. McDonald. Senator McDonald's wife died on September 7th, 1872. On the 15th of September, 1874, he married Araminta W. Vance, of Crawfordsville, who died February 2, 1875. Throughout his entire life he has strictly adhered to his resolution to follow the law, and make a success of his profes- sion. He has been engaged in some of the most important cases that have been tried in the State since his admission to the bar. Among the early cases which created excitement throughout the State was The State versus Sidney Owens. The defendant was charged with murder by poison. The prosecu- tion was conducted by Judge Gregory, of Lafayette, and Lew Wallace, of Crawfordsville, aided by a strong public prejudice. The case was success- fully defended, much to the surprise of the entire bar. He was of counsel for the defendants in the celebrated case of the United States versus Bowles, Milligan and Horsey, tried for conspiracy and treason by a military commis- sion at Indianapolis, and sentenced to be hung. The case was taken to the Supreme Court of the United States, where several important constitutional questions arose as to the relation of the general government to the States, the war power of the government and the rights of the citizen. The defend- ants were released by the Supreme Court. He was of counsel for the defend- ants in the noted case of Beebe versus The State, in which the Supreme Court decided that the enactment which was known as the Maine Liquor Law was unconstitutional. He was also in the widely-known case of The State versus A b rams, charged with complicity in the horrible "Cold Springs " murder, tried in the Marion County Criminal Court. He was one of the attorneys for the parties who assailed the constitutionality of what was known as the Bax- ter Liquor Law. In the Supreme Court of the State and the Federal Court he has taken an active part in many important cases ; one of the most important being the case of the Pittsburg, Cincinnati & St. Louis Railway Company versus The Columbus, Chicago & Indiana Central Railway Com- pany, in which were involved a net-work of railroad interests and large sums of money, depending upon the validity and construction of a ninety-nine years' lease. He made the principal argument for the objectors in the count of the electoral vote of Louisiana, before the Electoral Commission appointed to determine the result of the Presidential election of 1876. Mr. McDonald thinks that the creation of this commission was the exercise of a doubtful power in a case of apparent necessity. Joseph Ewing McDonald was elected to the United States Senate for six (6) years, to succeed Daniel D. Pratt, and took his seat March 5th, 1875. He was Chairman of the Committee on Public Lands, and the second member of the Judiciary Committee of the Senate, ranking as one of the best lawyers of that body. He is, and always has been, a firm, consistent Democrat of the Jeffersonian school, as personified in the political life of Andrew Jackson. He believes the true idea of Ameri- can Democracy is to preserve, unimpaired, all the rights reserved to the States respectively, and to the people without infringing upon any of the powers delegated to the general government, by the Constitution ; and that constitutional government is of the first importance and a necessity to the perpetuity of the American Union. He believes in the virtue of the people, and in their ability and purpose to maintain their institutions inviolate against the assaults of designing men. He was a member of the Senate Com- mittee which visited New Orleans, to investigate the count of the vote of 31 THE PRESIDENTIAL FAVORITES. Louisiana in the contest of 1876. He was also on the Teller- Wallace Com- mittee, to investigate frauds in elections in Massachusetts and Rhode Island, He was Chairman of the Democratic State Convention in 1868, and of the Democratic State Central Committee during the campaign of 1868 and 1874. As an orator, both at the bar and on the hustings, he is cool, logical and forcible ; as a citizen, he has the confidence and respect of all who know him, regardless of political creeds. He has traveled extensively in his own country, and is thoroughly acquainted with its institutions and people. In religion he is a Christian, and a member of the Episcopal Church. He is regarded by all parties as a statesman of acknowledged merit. His views are broad and comprehensive on all questions of public interest ; not a man of expedients, but stating his views clearly and boldly, leaving the result to the candid judgment of the people. The opinions of his most bitter oppo- nents are never treated with disdain. Few men have enjoyed the uniform confidence of their fellow citizens to the extent that he has. For his steadfastness of purpose, his honest desire of accomplishing what is best, the people have given him a home in their hearts, and bestowed upon him the greatest honors. Their confidence has never been betrayed or sacrificed for personal aggrandizement. The writer of this brief sketch has had evidence of this constantly forced upon him, during an intimate knowl- edge of the subject for many years. It must, in truth, be said that his marked characteristic is his uniform sincerity, which inspires universal con- fidence. Confucius recognized the worth of such a man when he said : " Faithfulness and sincerity are the highest things." Carlyle wrote of one with such virtues : " I should say sincerity, a great genuine sincerity, is the first characteristic of all men in any way heroic." A POLITICAL HAND-BOOK. 37 This distinguished gentleman, now Secretary of War, and the only mem- ber of Garfield's Cabinet who was continued under President Arthur, is the eldest and only surviving son of our martyred President, Abraham Lincoln. Eobert T. Lincoln, was born in Springfield, Illinois, August 1st, 1843, and there spent his early boyhood days. At seven years of age he entered the Academy of a Mr. Estabrook, where he studied for three years. He then entered the Illinois State University at Springfield and studied six years, or until 18-39, when he was sent east to Phillips' Academy, at Exeter, New Hampshire, one of the oldest, most noted and best schools of New England. At this academy he made preparation for admittance to Harvard University, and in one year successfully passed his examination. At college he was known as a good scholar, excelling in Political Economy, History and kindred branches of education, in the choice of which the University permitted the gratification of individual taste. Among his classmates he was very popular, being appointed Chairman of the Class-Day Committee. The " Hasty Pud- ding Club" also appointed him Vice-President. He graduated in 1864, and after a vacation of two months entered the Harvard Law School. Here he studied four months, when he left Harvard, to accept a position on General Grant's staff as Captain and Assistant Adjutant General. He held this posi- tion from February 20, 1865, to June 10th of same year, when, the war being practically over, he resigned and began again the study of the law in Chicago. February 26, 1867, he was admitted to the bar, and at once formed a co-partnership with J. Y. Scammon, an old friend of his father's, under the firm name of Scammon & Lincoln. This firm was of short continuance. On the 24th of September, 1868, he was married to Miss Mary Harlan, the daugh- ter of Senator James Harlan, of Iowa. The ceremony was performed at Washington, D. C., by Bishop Simpson, of the Methodist Episcopal Church. In the autumn and winter of 1872, he traveled in Europe, returning to Chicago to form a law-partnership with Hon. Edward S. Isham, which firm continued until Mr. Lincoln was called to Washington, by President Garfield, in March, 1881. While pursuing his practice in Chicago, he was elected Supervisor of South Chicago; was delegate from Cook County to the Illinois State Conven- tion, at Springfield, for the nomination of delegates to the Kepublican National Convention, held at Chicago, June 2, 1880. In this election he was chosen one of the Presidential Electors for the State. Early in 1881, he was appointed by the Governor of the State one of the trustees of the Illinois Central Kailroad. From 1872, to 1880, Mr. Lincoln steadily grew in the estimation of the people of Chicago and Illinois, and hud he cared to press himself for office could undoubtedly have had his choice. He is known as a wise counselor, a discreet business man, a good friend, a model citizen, and most estimable hus- band and father. His course since he has been Secretary of War, has won for him the approval of the citizens of the country and the highest esteem of the officers of the Eegular Army. While he may be, and undoubtedly is, indebted to his father's fame for much of his popularity, it is nevertheless true that he possesses many of the traits which made Abraham Lincoln illustrious. 38 THE PRESIDENTIAL FAVORITES. There is something essentially American, in the life and character of the gentleman who is the subject of this sketch. The United States, has given rare opportunities to men with courage, honesty of purpose, integrity and energy, to achieve success. The bulk of our public men and those who have legitimately achieved fortune, have been men with the above characteristics, and Mr. Flower is sui generis one of that stamp. He is of the people, and his success as a business and a public man has come of his devotion to right and his tenacity of purpose. Roswell Pettabone Flower was born in Theresa, Jefferson County, N. T., August 7, 1835, and is consequently not quite 49 years of age. He is descended from English stock, one Lamrock Flower having emigrated from that country to Connecticut, settling in Hartford in 1766. Koswell P. Flower's father, Nathan Munroe Flower, was fifth in descent from Lamrock Flower, and was a native of New York State. When Eoswell was about eight years of age his father died, leaving his family poor, which compelled Eos- well to labor, when not in school, to help support the family. At the early age of fourteen, he got a position in the village store at the munificent salary of $5 per month; and at sixteen, he graduated with honors from the High bchool in his place of residence. During the next two years he labored hard in a variety of manual employments, contented that he was the means of aid- ing others as well as supporting himself, and storing his mind with useful facts while so laboriously employed. At eighteen he removed to Watertown, in the same county, where he found a better opportunity to employ his talents and more congenial and remunerative employment. Attracting attention by his worth, he was made clerk in the post-office, a position he held for six years. At the expiration of that time, he began business for himself as a jeweler, in which he continued uninterruptedly and success- fully for ten years. At this juncture in his affairs, his brother-in- law, Henry Keep, died, leaving a large property, valued at $4,000,000. Mr. Keep, was a noted railroad magnate and it was no easy task to care for his estate ; but the task devolved upon Mr. Flower, compelling him to re- move to New York City, where he has since resided. For several years Mr. Flower has been prominent in financial circles, being the head of a large banking firm. Without obtruding himself upon the people in political mat- ters ; and without being in any manner an office-seeker, his character and abilities became so well recognized, his fellow-citizens in the fall of 1881, elected him upon the Democratic ticket, to represent them in the Forty- seventh Congress. Mr. Flower was opposed by a man with unlimited means, the Hon. William Waldorf Astor, the regular nominee of the Republican party, in a district which was confessedly sure of being carried by any reputable man of that political faith. Mr. Astor never dreamed that he could be defeated ; in fact, he expected to receive several thousand majority, and probably c no A POLITICAL HAND-BOOK. 41 one was more surprised than he at Mr. Flower's election. In a speech in Con- gress, Mr. Flower said in relation to his election, " I can say for myself, I made the plain statement in my canvass, that I would not purchase a vote if I never came to Congress ; and that is the reason I came here." Mr. Flower's record as a Representative is clear and clean ; when he -participated in debate, he spoke to the point, and when he voted, he voted conscientiously. As a business man in Congress, he commanded respect and was influential because of his directness and sound judgment of financial and business matters. He was a member of the Committee on Banking and Currency. Among the bills he introduced was one to fix the duty on malt at 25 cents per bushel, and one- to provide for the refunding of excess of duties assessed and collected on importations of raw sugars. He also introduced a resolution proposing an amendment to the Constitution, giving the President power to veto separate items in appropriation bills. Petitions and papers presented by him included petitions in favor of an International Convention to adopt a common merid- ian, from the Meteorological Society, the citizens of New York, and the Marine Association of that city ; a petition to restrict Chinese immigration, from business men of New York ; and petitions from the New York German Society and working men of that metropolis, asking for the better protection of American citizens abroad. A contemporary notes the fact, as worthy of record and of imitation, that, despite usage to the contrary, and the urgent advice of acquaintances, fellow members with him in Congress, Mr. Flower refused to vote on the only question affecting his interests arising throughout the two sessions, namely, that of discrimination against foreign mined iron ore. His speech on the bill to restrict Chinese immigration is probably as effective an argument against the position taken by those who opposed the bill, as was ever delivered. In common with all his speeches, it is remarkably compact in expression, and brief. He deprecated the unrestricted competi- tion of coolie labor with that of American citizens, as being entirely in the interests of capital, the Chinaman being a mere automaton worked to aug- ment the gains of capitalists, and having, as a rule, no interest of his own while in the United States, beyond the pittance earned by him during a term of residence in this, to him, foreign land. In his speech on the bill to reduce the national revenue taxes, Mr. Flower advocated the abolition of all such, with the exception of those on distilled spirits. He uniformly voted and spoke in favor of economy in expenditures by the government, and made a very notable argument against the last River and Harbor bill, which was passed over President Arthur's veto, much to the disgust of the people. His remarks enforced the duty of considering the rights of the poorer classes in this country to relief from the excessive taxation which created a yearly sur- plus of more than a hundred million dollars. "One hundred million of dol- lars of money," he observed, " arbitrarily placed at the disposal of a govern- ment, and which it must devise ways and means to spend, is sufficient to overturn every foundation of democracy and blast every principle of honest administration." Speaking against the bill for the appointment of the Tariff Commission, Mr. Flower said: "When the people are being unnecessarily- mulcted of a million every three days, there 'is no excuse for procrastination in the arrangement of preliminaries for their relief," and urged the fact that such a commission, consisting of an "irresponsible body of men," after 42 THE PRESIDENTIAL FA VO RITES. having worked over the matter given them to investigate, must, as a matter of course, finally return it to the House in much the same state as before. The duty of Congress, therefore, was to act promptly and without irresponsible assistance, whatever information was accessible to a commission being also at its command. Mr. Flower's wisdom and foresight in the presentation of his views on economy in the use of public money appear strongly in the con- demnation of the opposite policy expressed at the polls in the election of ^2. In one of his most effective speeches, he gives weighty reasons in sup- port of the House Joint Resolution, No. 267, introduced by him, proposing an amendment to the Constitution of the United States, giving the President the power to veto separate items in appropriation bills. At the close of his term, Mr. Flower returned to the Treasury the sum of $158.50, being the amount overpaid him on account of salary and mileage as a member of the Forty-seventh Congress, thus refusing to receive public money for time necessarily expended in attention to his private business. In this action he conformed strictly to the provisions of a statute scarcely known, much less regarded. Owing to the general admiration which Mr. Flower's career in Congress had excited, in the fall of 1882, he was prominently named as eligible for the nomination to the Governorship of New York State. Newspapers opposing his nomination thereupon assailed him as a representative of the railway and bond-holding interests, and the phrase, " Jay Gould's Candidate," was applied to him by certain organs of opinion whose research is not equal to their " enterprise." Mr. Flower took no notice of those attacks, which were left unanswered until months after the convention which nominated Grover Cleveland, as candidate for the executive office of the Empire State. It was then published, as carefully ascertained by one of the leading newspapers in New York State, that Mr. Flower had taken care, previously to taking his seat in Congress, to free himself from all such private business interests as could interfere with the impartial discharge of the duties he was about to assume. He resigned the Presidency of one railroad and the Vice-Presidency of another, and sold the railroad stock, in his possession, of lines respecting which any Congressional action might be taken, as, for instance, the Union Pacific, of which he sold stock to an amount involving an immediate loss of ten thousand dollars. Moreover, during his term in Congress, he refused the Presidency of a railroad, for the same conscientious reason which had led him to make other sacrifices, in order that the work he was doing for his country should be entirely removed from the possibility of his being accused, or suspected, of seeking his private advantage therein. These and similar facts in the story of Mr. Flower's connection with politics, lead naturally to the expression of satisfaction that in him not only the people of the Empire State, but of the whole country, possess a Democratic statesman whose knowledge, experience, prudent judgment, high character and popularity might be made available in conspicuous public service at a future time. He occupies a prominent place in the public regard, and his physique, which indicates both vigor and endurance, is promising of capacity for hard work during many years. Mr. Flower is a splendid type of our conservative business men, illustrat- ing in public life the economies which underlie national, ns well as personal, thrift. If nominated and elected to the Presidency, there is no doubt but A POLITICAL HAND-BOOK. 43 that our financial policy would be prudent and the government administered economically. So well is this understood by such men as ex-Gov. Tilden, and other leaders of the democracy, Mr. Flower is their favorite for the Chief Magistracy. It is a high honor for a man so young as Mr. Flower, to be the favorite of the most distinguished men of his party, acknowledging by their fealty, that he possesses a sterling character and accomplishments of the highest order. Mr. Flower is a married man with one surviving daughter of three chil- dren born to him. He is gentle, affable and benevolent in an eminent degree. The record of his benefactions would be too long for our present purpose. Among them was his erection and gift of the St. Thomas Home, on Fifty-ninth Street, to New York City, of which the structure alone cost about fifty thousand dollars. It provides educational facilities and opportunities of general advancement, and includes reading-rooms, two libraries and a lecture hall. To St. Thomas Chapel, which adjoins the home, Mr. Flower gave five thousand dollars iu the interest of the poor of the locality. At Theresa, his birthplace, stands a beautiful Presbyterian Church, built by Mr. Flower in affectionate memory of his parents, and given to the services of a denomination to which he does not belong. Mr. Flower is a member of the Protestant Episcopal Church. His benevolent features are a just index to Ihe sympathy and beneficence which characterize him and make him univer- sally beloved. 44 THE PRESIDENTIAL FA VO RITES. The subject of this sketch was bora in Kichmond, Vt., February 28, 1828. His i'atner was a thrifty and hard working New England farmer, of strictest Puritanical habits ; his mother was of Quaker descent, with the gentleness which comes from that origin. As soon as old enough he was sent to the public schools, and after awhile had the benefit of a private tutor. He very early in life developed a fondness for study and intellectual effort, being able to master easily and readily the lessons which were given him. While yet in his teens, he showed the possession of a natural aptitude for the law, and determining'to pursue that profession, entered upon his studies with great assiduity, and completed them with perfect success. In 1849, when only twenty-one years of age, he was admitted to the bar. "While his study of the law had been in Burlington, as soon as admitted to practice lie returned to- his native town, and entered the office of his brother-in-law, A. B. Maynard. Here he remained until 1851, when he removed to Burlington, and was soon in the full tide of success. Distinguished as a boy for maturity of mind and expression of thought, when matured he was no less noted for his readiness of wit and strong intellectual qualities, making him early in life a peer among the most notable lawyers of New England. In August, 1852, Mr. Edmunds was manned to Miss Susan Marsh Lyman, daughter of Hon. Wyllis Lyman, of Berlin, Vt., a lawyer of considerable repute. At the end of five years of exclusive devotion to his profession he was induced to enter the political arena; but from the first has never sought political honors. He was i member of the State Legislature in 18-4, 18-35, 1857, 18v8 and 1850, three years of which he was Speaker of the House. In 1861 and 1862, he was State Senator and presiding officer pro tempore. When Solomon Foot's seat in the United States Senate became vacant, by reason of his death, Mr. Ed- munds was appointed to the vacancy, taking his seat April 6, 1866. The Legislature elected him for the remainder of the term ending March 4, 1869. He has been three times re-elected, and is one of a very lew who are in that body whose tenure of office is secure; for unless disabled physically or men- tally, or elected to a higher office, Vermont will undoubtedly do herself the high honor of continuing her distinguished son in the Nation ;tl Council for an indefinite period. He was elected a member of the Electoral Commission in 1877, and in consequence of his great legal knowledge, succeeded Lyman Trumbull as Chairman of the Judiciary Committee, a post which he still retains. In the contest with Andrew Johnson, he proved conservative and moderate, his influence being exerted to allay the inflammation of the public mind. The initiation of the Electoral Commission and the Pacific Railroad Funding Bill were carried largely through his efforts. Senator Edmunds is not an elo- quent speaker, but he is fluent and convincing. He is a man to speak to thoughtful men, and convinces by the symmetry of his thoughts and the logic and truth which pervades his utterances. He is ready in repartee, and a master in the skill of extemporaneous argument; is noted for his keen sarcasm and drastic humor; but he scarcely ever goes so far as to break per- sonal relations with any of his fellow members of the Senate or bar. Mr. Edmunds is unalterably opposed to all underhand work or irregular proceed- ings, and no man alive would even dare to approach him with a dishonorable proposition. When Senator Anthony's health failed, his brother Senators wished to elevate him to the dignity of President of the Senate, but he declined to act only so long as absolutely necessary. He never log-rolls for office; honors so far have sought him, and so it will be until the end. x/ A POLITICAL HAND-BOOK. 49 JVilen This gentleman was born in Lynchburg, Virginia, November 13, 1813. In 1819, he removed to Ohio, where he received an academic education, studied law, and was admitted in 1835. He was a nephew of the distinguished statesman, Hon. William Allen, who for many years represented Ohio in the United States Senate, and later was elected Governor over General Noyes. Mr. Thurman soon acquired a large practice, his mind being highly analytical and judicial, properties which give to a clientage the largest confidence. The Democracy of his district, recognizing his aptitude for public affairs, nom- inated and elected him to the Twenty-ninth Congress. In 1851, he was elected a member of the Supreme Court, and from 1854 to 1856, was its Chief Justice. No man who ever sat on the bench in the Buckeye State, gained greater respect for learned and impartial decisions than Judge Thurman. In 18C7, he was the candidate of his party for Governor, but was defeated. In 1868, he was elected United States Senator for the term 18G9 to 1875. In 1874, he was re-elected for the term which ended in 1881. In the Senate he was a laborious worker, and, although a partisan, eminently fair. In fact, his character and bent of mind does not admit of his being bigoted. He was a leading member of the Judiciary Committee, and on the Committee on Post Eoads and Post Offices. In 1876, he was prominently mentioned as a candidate for President; but the Tilden wave engulphed him with the others. There are few men noted in party politics, with so clean a record as Judge Thurman; and but few whose advance to the Chief Magistracy, would give confidence to all classes that we would have a clean and pure administration. 50 THE PRESIDENTIAL FA VO RITES. Our history as a people is full of examples of what can be accomplished by ambitious and intelligent young men, whose only fortune at first consists of good health, energy, integrity and oneness of purpose. In fact, a large proportion of our historical characters have been the sci- ons of poverty not wealth. They have had to work while studying, have had to learn to deny themselves in youth that they might have fame and world'y plenty in the closing days of life. Among those whose early life was a struggle but who have achieved national reputation, we find Walter Q. Gresham, now Postmaster-General of the United States. Of him a personal friend, who knows him well, writes as follows : Walter Q. Gresham, was born near Cory don, Harrison County, Indiana, on the river, about one hundred miles (air line) down stream from the place of Senator Harrison's birth, and in the same year 1833. In his early days his father, as Sheriff of the County, was killed while serving a warrant. The family was left in moderate circumstances. Young Gresham, was educated at the County schools, and afterward at the State University at Bloomington, but did not remain long enough there to be graduated. He read law in Cory- don, a village which enjoys the distinction of having been the capital of the State, for a time, until Indianapolis was located. Mr. Gresham practiced law there uninterruptedly until 1860, when he was elected a member of the Legislature, and as chairman of one of the military committees took a promi- nent part in war legislation. Near the beginning of the war, he enlisted and went to the front as Lieutenant- Colonel of the Thirty-eighth Indiana Regi- ment. He was afterward promoted to be Colonel of the Fifty-third Indiana, and served in the siege of Vicksburg in charge of a brigade. After the siege he was, on Grant's recommendation, appointed a Brigadier General. He was with Sherman before Atlanta, commanding a division of Blair's corps. It was at this time, 1864, that he was wounded. It was in the leg, below the knee. He stopped at New Albany, Ind., on his way home, so severe was his wound, and it was a year before he entirely recovered, the recovery leaving him with a sag in his stride, a little noticeable now when he walks. He was breveted a Major General in 1865. He remained in New Albany, where he began the practice of law and kept it up till 18G6, when he was appointed State Agent, his duty being to pay the interest on the State debt in New York city. In the same year, and two years later, he contested that district for Congress with the la l e Michael C. Kerr and was beaten both times. Nothing discreditable this, for it was a for- lorn hope and he was simply called on to lead it, as General Harrison was called on to lead the forlorn hope of the State campaign of 1 & 76. In the army General Gresham won the regard of Grant, who as Presi- dent, in 1869, tendered him the Collectorship of the Port of New Orleans. This Gresham declined and continued the practice of law at New Albany. A POLITICAL HAND-BOOK. 63 But soon after this episode there was a vacancy on the bench of the United States District Court for Indiana. There was a large number of applicants for the place, among whom was not Walter Q. Gresham. He, indeed, at the time was busy getting signatures to a petition for the appointment of his law partner, Judge Slaughter. It is related that when President Grant was looking over the list of appli- cants and hearing their virtues eloquently set forth by the late Secretary of War, Rawlins, he turned suddenly , with : " Eawlins, doesn't Walt Gresham live in that district ? " " Yes," said Rawlins. " That settles it," said Grant. "If there is anything for which Gresham is available, it goes to him," and to Gresham's surprise, notice of his appoint- ment came in due time. He at first said he wouldn't take it, because he had been urging his partner for the place, but the latter had the good sense to understand the situation and positively refused to have the place if he could get it, and urged Gresham to accept that which had so honorably come to him. He did so, finally, and served until April of last year, when he was, in a manner equally unsolicited, tendered the position of Postmaster General. His career since then is well known. It is difficult to give a general estimate of Gresham as a lawyer, while a particular estimate would be but the testimony of admiring friends or venge- ful enemies, each equally worthless. His law practice never was prominent enough for a general estimate. In its early years it was in the little country village of Corydon, which by the last census had not 800 inhabitants. In its later years he practiced in the small town of New Albany, which in 1880, had a population of 16,423, and he ceased practice there fifteen years ago. It is just to say that he was a fair lawyer, as any one knowing his force of character would feel. As a judge he has been a good one. It is conceded by members of the bar who are unfriendly to Gresham, that his aims were high and his intentions honest ; that he manifested at times too much impatience and had a tendency to "cut across lots" and jump at conclusions, so that by natural temperament he was not perhaps what could be called an ideal Judge, but that he was ideal in the integrity of his purpose. As a public speaker it is again difficult to estimate General Gresham, for "his long service on the bench has afforded him opportunity for so little of it ; but it is said by those who remember his Congressional candidacies, that he had much sledge-hammer force and impetuosity. His political status is somewhat difficult of definition. He could not as a Judge fittingly take active part in politics, and did not ; but the independence of his character enabled one to find where he was if he was sought. Whether A. > acquiesced in the condition of things from 1872, to 1876, cannot be so clearly stated, as can be the fact that he was a " Bristow man" in 1876. Whether this sprang from dissatisfaction with the status, opposition to a third term, personal sympathy with Bristow, or official sympathy with his efforts to smash the "whisky ring," some of the cases springing from which were tried in Gresham's court, cannot well be said, and indeed, may easily be left unsaid. Suffice the fact he wanted to see Bristow nominated for President in 1876. About two years later he was the orator upon the occasion of a Grand Army Reunion at Chicago. He delivered a very good oration and one that 04 THE PRESIDENTIAL FAVORITES. was filled with much per- fervid eulogy of Grant, who was about that time making his world-famous tramp for the third term. The speech ranged Judge Gresham in the ranks of the third-termers. Since then, beyond a quiet and short-lived effort for the Senatorship in 1880, Judge Gresham was absorbed in his judicial duties until President Arthur made him Postmaster General. Mr. Gresham is a man of great force of character, much aggressiveness and push. His temperament is rather hot than cool. He has a firm grip and is inclined to rule. He himself is ruled much by his impulses. Sometimes erratic he takes frequent counsel of his feelings rather than his judgment. Manifestly, such a man makes enemies ; manifestly, also, he makes friends. Gresham has many of both, but this must be understood rather in a private than in a public way, for Mr. Gresham's public life has consisted of fourteen years in a court room. In person General Gresham is a man of splendid appearance. The full height in stature, broad but spare and angular, masculine in his impressions. A "shock" head of silver-gray hair, a high forehead, heavy dark eyebrows, piercing black eyes, a square nose, which protrudes from his face rather than being graded up by his cheeks, which are rather flat, the whole bearing strongly marked lines. He has a square, strong jaw and his face is covered with shortish iron-gray whiskers. He walks with a good deal of a stride, and those who know he has been wounded, can see it in a limp, although his movements, which are angular, rather tend to conceal it. His domestic relations are lovely. There are two children, Mr. Otto and Miss Kate Gresham. During their residence in Indianapolis, the Greshams, with a social position of the very best, lived rather quietly. A^cuo.cvt-ct'. A POLITICAL HAND-BOOK. 6T This distinguished gentleman, is of a distinguished family, the Bayards being to Delaware, much the same as the Adamses are to Massachusetts. Thomas F. Bayard is the fifth in direct descent who have occupied the office of U. S. Senator from Delaware. In 1647 Nicholas Bayard, a French Hugue- not, emigrated to the New World, coming over with his brother-in-law, Peter Stuyvesant, the last of the Dutch Governors of Manhattan. Nicholas Bayard was the ancestor of James Bayard, who, after graduating at Princeton Col- lege, studied law in Philadelphia and commenced its practice in Delaware. In 1796 he was elected to Congress as a Federalist. In 1801 President Adams nominated him Minister to France, but he refused the appointment. As a leader in the Jeffersonian party he did much to elect the author of the Declaration of Independence to the Presidency. In 1804 James Bayard suc- ceeded his father in the United States Senate, holding his seat until Presi- dent Madison appointed him one of the Commissioners for negotiating the Treaty of Ghent. His son, Kichard Bayard, was U. S. Senator, 1836 to 1839, and from 1841 to 1845. James Bayard, brother of Kichard, was also elected U. S. Senator in 1831, 1857, 1863 and 1869, and was for a long time Chairman of the Judiciary Committee. He resigned on account of failing health, and was succeeded by his son, the subject of this sketch, who has held the office uninterruptedly since 1869. ^ Thomas F. Bayard was born at Wilmington, Delaware, October 29, 1828. He early entered the Flushing School, under the management of Eev. A. L. Hawks, D. D., its able founder. Thomas F's early ambition was to be a suc- cessful merchant, and he pursued his studies to that end. Subsequent exam- ination of the matter led him to abandon the purpose, and he commenced the study of the law. In 1851, he was admitted to the bar of the state, and commenced practice at Wilmington. For two years he made the city of Brotherly Love (Philadelphia), his home, when he returned to Wilmington where he has since resided. In 1853, Mr. Bayard was made United States District Attorney, but disliking the service, he resigned after occupying the position one year. From this time on, or until 1869, he devoted himself to his profession. March 4, 1869, he succeeded his father as U. S. Senator. He was a member of the Electoral Commission of 1876, and one of the favorite candidates for the Presidency in 1880, receiving on the first ballot of the National Democratic Convention, one hundred and fifty -three votes. As a debater he is listened to with interest, and is regarded by his compeers as a first-class lawyer and able statesman. In the Senate he is very influential, his high character and rare abilities being recognized. 58 THE PRESIDENTIAL FAVORITES. This illustrious member of the celebrated Washburne family, was born at Livermore, Oxford County, Maine, Sept. 23, 1816. He is the third son of the late Israel Washburne, Sr., and in common with his other brothers inherited the mental activity and indomitable will of his father. He attended the common schools of the vicinity, and obtained the groundwork of a good English education; but it was not until after he had Avorked hard to learn the printer's craft, that he attended the academy at Kent's Hill, Keadfleld, Maine, where he completed a classical course. He then studied law at Hollo- well, Me., and attended law lectures at Harvard University, after which he was admitted to the bar. His service "in the art preservative of arts" was in the office of the Kennebec Journal, where, while learning a trade which might secure for him a living in the future, he studied hard and stocked his mind with much and varied information. A bright young man attends a pretty good school, when he works in a country newspaper office at the case. This, we think, Mr. Washburne will admit to be true. After being admitted to practice, he concluded that the growing west was his proper field, and consequently removed to Galena, 111., then, rela- tively to the population of the State, a more important place than at present. Here Mr. Washburne formed a copartnership with Charles S. Hempstead. His solidity of character, good morals, learning in the law, and kindly nature, won him warm friends, for in 1852 he was nominated to Congress, from what then constituted the leading Illinois district. His opponents chuckled over the thought of the easy time they would have in getting away from the young man from Galena, but when the vote was counted the smile disap- peared, as Mr. Washburne was the coming man. His course in the House of Representatives won the approbation of his intelligent and critical constituency, for he was re-elected continuously until 1868, being, when appointed Secretary of State by President Grant, the "Father of the House," or the oldest member in consecutive service. In the Thirty-fifth and Thirty-sixth Congresses, he was Chairman of the Com- mittee on Commerce; in the Thirty -seventh and Thirty-eighth he held the same chairmanship, was a member of Joint Committee on the Library, and Chairman of Special Committee on Emigration. In the Thirty-ninth Con- gress he was continued as Chairman of the Commerce Committee, Special Committee on Death of Abraham Lincoln, member of Committee on Rules and Chairman of Committee to Investigate the Memphis Riots. He was a warm friend of General Grant, from the beginning of the General's service as a Captain in the State service, and rendered that illustrious man most im- portant service. He Avas the author of the bill reviving the grade of Lieu- tenant- General for the especial benefit of General Grant. When Grant Avas A POLITICAL HAND-BOOK. 61 elected President, Mr. Washburne was given a cabinet position, that of Sec- tary of State, but preferring a residence abroad, he was a few days afterward confirmed as Minister to France. At the outbreak of the Franco-Prussian war, Mr. Washburne was requested by the latter government to assume charge of the German residents in Paris and France. He remained at his post during the entire war, and also during the days of the Commune. Every other foreign Minister deserted Paris, leaving him to protect all foreign nationalities, and how well he did it, has been attested by various governments, notably the German. In this trying period, Mr. Washburne showed heroic qualities, and did far more to ennoble American citizenship than any single man in a battle of the late war. No man in the United States is more popular with the Germans than Mr. Washburne, and, as for that matter, with all classes of our adopted citizens, for they have not forgotten the stormy days when the mob ruled in Paris, and nought pre- vented the destruction of their brethren but the brave American who, stand- ing beneath the legation flag, bid the hunted ones welcome. Mr. Washburne served eight years and then returned to Illinois, to make Chicago his home. In 1880, he was mentioned far and wide for the Presidency, and had he not have discountenanced the talk and remained loyal to the fortunes of General Grant, there might possibly have been a different ending to the last Repub- lican National Convention. There is not and never has been aught of the demagogue displayed in Mr. Washburne's official career. No man has ever accused him of any form of jobbery, and no representative of the people in the popular branch of the National Legislature, worked harder to have the government carried on in the simple and economical way of earlier years, than Elihu B. Washburne. 62 THE PRESIDENTIAL FA VO RITES. Samuel J. Randall, of Philadelphia, who represents the Third Congres- sional District of Pennsylvania, in the United States Congress, is a son of the late Josiah .Randall, a man well known, and whose memory is pleasantly pre- served in the city of " Brotherly Love." He was for many years a man of influence in Pennsylvania politics, being first a Democrat, then an admirer and follower of Henry Clay; but when the Whigs became largely anti-slavery in their views, he again embraced the democratic faith, and so remained. SamuelJ., was born in Philadelphia, Oct. 10, 1828, where he received a good academic education, pursuing his studies with a view to mercantile life. His school days over, he entered the counting-room of a mercantile house; but his father's training had developed in him a fondness for political life, and the duties of a merchant were perforce rather distasteful. In 1 856, he accompanied his father to Cincinnati, to assist in the nomination of Buchanan. For four years Mr. Randall was a member of the City Council, familiarizing himself with city politics and making the acquaintance which was afterward to push his political fortunes. In 1808, he was elected to the State Senate, of which he was a conspicuous member. "When, in the spring of 1861, the civil war began, Mr. Randall was in the Legislature and was also a member of the "First Troop Philadelphia City Cavalry," which took its name from a com- pany formed in 1774, Immediately after the fall of Fort Sumter, the troop tendered its services to the Government, and were accepted May 13, 1861, for the period of ninety days. The troop was attached to the Second U. S. Cavalry, commanded by Colonel, afterward the famous General, George H. Thomas. They were assigned to the command of Gen. Eobert Patterson. Mr. Randall was Sergeant, acting as Quartermaster of the company, but was soon promoted to the position of Cornet. He served faithfully for three months, and when the troop returned home it was thanked in letters from the Governor of the State and the War Department. In 1862, Mr. Randall was elected to Congress from the Third District, and has been continuously re-elected since. During his first term he was a mem- ber of the Committee on Public Grounds and Buildings; his second term he served on three committees, viz. : Banking and Currency, and Retrenchment and Expenditures in the State Department. In the Forty-first Congress, he was a prominent member of the Committee on Elections and of the Joint Com- mittee on Retrenchment. Having gained considerable celebrity for his par- liamentary skill, in the Forty-second Congress he was a member of the Corn- tee on Rules, his colleagues being Speaker Blaine, ex- Speaker Banks, General Garfield and S. S. Cox. In the Forty-third Congress, when the majority attempted to pass what was known as the Force Bill, Mr. Randall, though on the minority side, determined to defeat it. To do this he had to resort to every device for obstruction known to parliamentary law. With invincible determination, he A POLITICAL HAND-BOOK. 65 pursued his tactics, and bis friends catching his spirit, assisted as best they could, and the bill was defeated. Prom the moment of this consummation, S. J. Kandall was a famous man. The next Congress was Democratic, and his party outside of the House expected to see him elected Speaker. By a combination between Western and Southern members, the chair was given to Hon. M. C. Kerr, of Indiana. Mr. Randall's appointment to the Chairmanship of the Committee on Appropria- tions followed, which gave him his first real opportunity to impress his views upon the country's legislation. He proved to be a master of details in all departments of the government, and while some of the measures he proposed were radical departures from the existing status, his views were generally acquiesced in at the last. In the summer of 1876, Speaker Kerr died, and when Congress assembled in December, Mr. Kandall was selected as his successor. There was a Provi- dence in his selection at that time, for kis speech when he took the chair indicated that he would be firm and just, and that no revolutionary action would be taken by the House with his consent or connivance. Congress and the people were excited over the Presidential question, and even after the Electoral Commission had decided, there were those in the House who pro- posed to filibuster and prevent the announcement of the result until Congress should expire by constitutional limitation. While he could filibuster when necessary to defeat a bill he considered injurious to the country, he was fully as able to choke off obstruction when the country was in peril from it. Mr. Eandall remained Speaker until 1881, being succeeded by Mr. Keifer, Repub- lican, of Ohio. When the present Congress assembled, Mr. Randall and John G. Carlisle, were the principal competitors before the democratic caucus, for nomination as Speaker. Mr. Carlisle being chosen, appointed Mr. Randall, Chairman of the Committee on Appropriations. No one has ever had the hardihood to accuse Mr. Randall of venality. He is a partisan and a hard hitter politically, but he is open and above-board and honest. 66 THE PRESIDENTIAL FA VO RITES. There was something strong and self-perpetuating to an uncommon degree, mentally and physically, in the old Puritan stock. A large share of the American families which have for generations showed the possession of extraordinary faculties of mind, trace their ancestry back to the hardy men and women who, for conscience sake, landed on the shores of New England during the first three- fourths of the Seventeenth century. Among those who came within that period to settle the new world, ws Anthony Stoddard, and directly from him is descended the subject of this sketch. John Sherman was born at Lancaster, Ohio, Hay 10, 1823, being the eighth son in a family of eleven children. His grandfather, Taylor Sherman, who was born in Connecticut, was a distinguished scholar and jurist, and mrirried Elizabeth Stoddard, a lineal descendant of Anthony Stoddard, who emigrated from England to Boston in 1639. Charles Robert, their son, father of John and General "VV. T. Sherman, was born in Norwalk, Connecticut, studied law with his father, and was admitted to the bar in 1810. The same year he married Mary Hoyt, of Norwalk, and removed to Lancaster, Ohio. In 1823 he was elected Judge of the Supreme Court of the State, and died while holding that office. In fact, his fatal illness, cholera, came upon him while he was seated upon the bench engaged in the trial of a case. The Judge left eleven children and a widow in straightened circumstances, their largest dowery being the good name of the father and the good will entertained for his children by the influential men who had been his friends. These friends came and took charge of several of the children. John's first recollections were connected with the gradual scattering of the family, until only three remained with his mother. In 1831, a cousin of his father took John to his home in Mount Vernon, Ohio, where he remained four years, attending school. At the age of twelve, he returned to Lancaster, and entered the academy to prepare himself for college. At the end of two years he was far enough advanced to enter the Sophomore class. Want of means and a desire to be self-supporting, changed the current of his life, for he obtained a position as junior rodman in the corps of engineers engaged on the Muskingum improvement. In the spring of 1838, when he was only fifteen, he was placed in charge of a section of that work at Beverly. Here he remained until 1839, when he was removed because he was a Whig. The responsibility attached to the position had developed his mind and shown him that he was capable of undertaking greater things. He now commenced the study of the law in the office of his brother, Charles T. Sherman, afterwards Judge of the United States District Court, and was admitted to the bar in 1844, and entered into partnership with his brother at Mansfield, Ohio, wherefor ten years he practiced law most assid- uously, laying the foundation of after political honors as well as wealth. ? A POLITICAL HAND-BOOK. 69 In 1848, Mr. Sherman was delegate to the National Whig Convention, held at Philadelphia, and which nominated General Taylor for President. In August, 1848, he married Miss Cecilia Stewart, only daughter of Judge Stew- art, of Mansfield. In 1852, he was Senatorial delegate to the Whig National Convention at Baltimore, which nominated General Scott. His position as a conservative Whig, in the excitement and alarm consequent upon the repeal of the Missouri Compromise, led to his nomination and election to the Thirty- fourth Congress. From that day to this, his name has been national property, and his career one of continued political success. In 1855, he was Chairman of the first Republican Convention held in Ohio, and cast his destiny with that political organization. Taking his seat in Congress, December 3d, 1855, he at once made his mark as a ready and forcible speaker and because of his thorough acquaintance with public affairs. His first Congressional expe- rience was in the days when the country was aflame over the subject of the repeal of the Missouri Compromise, the Dred Scott decision, and the imposi- tion of slavery upon Kansas. It was the muttering of the storm which was so soon to burst over the land in overt war. His appointment by Speaker Banks a member of the committee to inquire into and collect evidence in regard to border-ruffian troubles in Kansas, was a turning-point in his career. Owing to the illness of the Chairman, Mr. Howard, of Michigan, the duty of preparing the report devolved upon Mr. Sherman. Every statement was based upon irrefragable testimony and has never been controverted. The report was made the basis of the campaign of 1856, in which campaign Mr. Sherman heartily supported General Fremont. He was re-elected to the Thirty-fifth Congress, and at its close was recog- nized as its most foremost man and real leader of the House. He was re-elected to the Thirty-sixth Congress, which began amid the excitement caused by John Brown's raid. " Helper's Impending Crisis," a book that had recently been published, was the cause of the protracted struggle for the Speakership of the House. At the end of eight weeks Mr. Sherman, lacking only three votes, retired from the conflict, and Mr. Pennington, of New Jersey, was elected. The Speaker at once made Mr. Sherman Chairman of the Committee of Ways and Means, the coign of vantage of which is the leadership of the House and shaper to a great extent of its legislation. In 1860, he was again elected to Congress. When it convened in December, the secession members were confident and defiant, while President Buchanan, was sorely perplexed and constantly halting as to his duty. The national debt, which at the commencement of Buchanan's adminis- tration was $20,000,000, was now nearly $100,000,000, and our finances so crippled, the Treasury was even unable to pay the Members of Congress and other pressing demands. Mr. Sherman acted at once for the nation's relief by introducing a bill which authorized the issuance of treasury notes. In March, 1861, he was elertfd United States Senator, to succeed Salmon P. Chase, who had now become Secretary of the Treasury, and was re-elected in 1867 and 1872. In the Senate he was Chairman of the Finance Committee, and served on Committee on Agriculture, the Pacific Railroads, the Judiciary and Patent Office. After the fall of Fort Sumter, April, 1861, he tendered his services to General Paterson as Aid-de-Camp, without pay, and served until the meeting of Congress in July. After close of the session he returned to Ohio, and received permission to raise a brigade ; at his own expense it was 70 THE PRESIDENTIAL FAVORITES. largely raised, and consisted of two regiments of infantry, a squadron of cavalry and a battery of artillery, altogether over 2,300 men. This force served during the war and was known as the Sherman Brigade. His most valuable work was his service in the Senate, to preserve and maintain the credit of the Government and provide for the support of the armies. On the suspension of specie payments, about Jan. 1, 186:2, the issue of U. S. notes became a necessity. The question of making them legal tender was not received with favor by the business community and bankers, or, indeed, by many Congressmen, yet, mainly through the efforts of Senator Sherman and Secretary Chase, this feature of the bill authorizing their issue was carried through the House and Senate. He introduced the Refunding Bill in 1867, which was adopted in 1870, without the resumption clause. In 1874, he became Chairman of a committee of nine to secure concurrence of action, and they agreed to a bill fixing as the day of resumption Jan. 1, 1879. The bill passed, leaving its execution dependent upon the will of the Secre- tary of the Treasury. In March, 1877, President Hayes appointed him Sec- retary of the Treasury, serving as such for four years. March 4, 1881, he again took a seat in the United States Senate, having been elected to succeed Allen G. Thurman, Democrat. Upon all subjects connected with financial matters, Mr. Sherman is acknowledged authority, and he has always believed in and advocated the cause of hard money, and only tolerated the greenback as a legal tender because the war time demanded extraordinary and immediate action. In 1880, Mr. Sherman was warmly sup- ported by many delegates for President, and Mr. Garfleld led the Ohio dele- gation as an avowed Sherman man. For the nomination this year he will be again supported by the Ohio delegation until nominated or it becomes apparent that this cannot be accomplished. > _/ ' A POLITICAL HAND-BOOK. 73 The gentleman named above was born in Hamilton County, New York, Nov. 30, 1810. He received a common scoool and academic education, entered Hamilton College, where he graduated with high honors. After leaving col- lege, he studied law, and was admitted to the bar. In 1834, he settled in Cleveland, Ohio, where he has just rounded up half a century of most honor- able and useful life. His law practice became exceedingly large, and by lucky ventures in real estate, he became very wealthy. Instead of hoarding his money or loaning it on mortgage at high rates of interest, Mr. Payne used his means to identify himself with business enterprises that gave employment to large numbers of people, and helped to build up his adopted city and State. In 1848, he was a Presidential Elector, and in 1849 and 1860, he served as State Senator. For several years he was a member of the City Council and Presi- dent of the Cleveland, Columbus & Cincinnati Railway. In 1857, he was a candidate before the people for Governor, running against Salmon P. Chase, who was elected. He was also a candidate for U. S. Senator, but his party failing to obtain a majority in the Legislature, his aspiration was not realized. In the stormy days of 1860, he was sent as a delegate to the Democratic National Convention, which convened at Charleston, S. C., the disastrous ending of which did so much to presage the Civil War. Again, in 1872, he was a delegate to the Democratic National Convention, and reported the platform. In 1874, he was elected to Congress from the Cleveland District, which was regarded as surely Republican. For the major portion of twenty years he was President of the Sinking Fund Commissioners of Cleveland, and undoubtedly has done as much or more than any other citizen to main- tain the credit of the Forest City. Last winter, the Democrats having a majority in the Legislature, he was nominated over Hon. George H. Pendleton, and Gen. Durbin Ward, for II. S. Senator, and elected for the term commencing in 1885 and ending in 1891. Among the many congratulatory letters which Mr. Payne received after his election was the following from Gov. Hoadly: CINCINNATI, OHIO, January 9, 1884. My Dear Mr. Payne : I could not help you, but I may congratulate you. You will have a suc- cessful and agreeable service, and the State and nation will greatly profit by your labor. At your instance I took the pledge not to meddle with the Sen- atorial election, and I have kept it to the uttermost; but I have the pleasure that I shall certify to your election, and how grateful that will be to me I can hardly express. * * * GEOBGE HOADLY. Mr. Payne is a man of commanding presence, very dignified, but courte- ous and kindly. With great wealth he has done great good, and Ohio is much better off for the life and services of this distinguished citizen. A pro- found lawyer, his practice has been in the larger cases that grow out of our many and diversified corporate interests. In fact, a man with the cast of mind of Mr. Payne could not mix in petty or trivial cases or affairs there is too much of solidity and strength in such a character for him to descend to the methods and pursuits of the uninformed or man of mediocre ability. An arena no less than national gives such a man scope; hence Henry B. Payne is not and never has been a merely local politician or a ward or city boss. THE PRESIDENTIAL FA VO RITES. General Benjamin Harrison, of Indianapolis, was born August 21, 1833, at the house of his grandfather, President Harrison, at North Bend, Ohio. His early education was received at home, from a tutor employed in the fam- ily, and at the age of fourteen he was sent to Gary's Academy, near Cincin- nati, where he remained about two years. In the summer of 1850, he suffered the loss of his mother, and in the fall of the same year went to Miami Uni- versity, Oxford, Ohio, then under the presidency of Eev. W. C. Anderson. Here he entered as a junior, and in June, 1852, graduated fourth in a class of sixteen. After a few months' vacation he commenced the study of law in the office of Storer & Gwynne, of Cincinnati, where he remained two years. In October, 18-33, he married Miss Carrie L. Scott, daughter of Kev. J. W. Scott, D. D., of Oxford, Ohio. Two children of this marriage survive Russell B. and Mamie S. Harrison. In M;irch, 18-34, Mr. Harrison settled in Indian- apolis, with a fortune of eight hundred dollars, inherited from the estate of a deceased aunt, Mrs. Gen. Findley, of Cincinnati. Here he first entered the office of John H. Rea, Clerk of the District Court of the United States, and while there was invited by Major Jonathan W. Gordon, to assist in the prose- cution of the "Point Lookout " burglary case. This was his first jury trial. Governor David Wallace represented the defense. When Mr. Harrison sat down, after making his argument, and the Governor prepared to reply, he paid the young lawyer a graceful and well-merited compliment. Soon after- ward he was invited to form a partnership with William Wallace, and accepted. This connection proved very pleasant, and the firm did a prosperous and successful business. Shortly after entering this partnership, Mr. Harrison was appointed by Judge Major, to prosecute a case against a negro who was accused of putting poison in some coffee at the Kay House. He had but one night for preparation and no previous knowledge on the subject of poisons, but he sat up the greater part of the night, and with the assistance of Dr. Parvin, acquired considerable information on toxicology from several experi- ments for the detection of arsenic in the coffee exhibited by Dr. Parvin. The result was the conviction of the criminal. In 1860, his partner, Mr. Wallace, was elected Clerk of Marion County, and Mr. Harrison formed a law partnership with Mr. W. P. Fishback, which continued until he entered the army. In the fall of 1860 Mr. Harrison was elected Reporter of the Supreme Court of Indiana. During his term of office he published two volumes of reports (XV and XVI), and had nearly completed a third (XVII), when lie entered the military service. A notable event in connection with the political canvass was his joint meeting with Governor Hendricks, at Rockville, Parke County, which was quite accidental, but in which the youthful orator acquitted himself in the most creditable manner. The joint debate is still remembered by all who heard it, and showed General Harrison to be an orator second in debate to none in the country. In July, 1802, Mr. Harrison A POLITICAL HAND-BOOK. 77 felt it his duty to take the field. Although a young man, holding a com- fortable ciyil office, just starting in life, with a young wife and two little children, Governor Morton asked him to raise a regiment, saying some one else could be found to lead it to the field; but Mr. Harrison refused, saying that if he persuaded a man to go to the field he would be found there with him. The Governor immediately offered him the command of a regiment. He obtained a Second Lieutenant's recruiting commission, and raised and took the first company (A), of the 70th Indiana Kegiment into camp, and in less than thirty days from the date of the first recruiting commission, was in Ken- tucky with one thousand and ten men. This was the first regiment in the field under that call. General Harrison continued in the army until the close of the war, when he was mustered out as a Brevet-Brigadier General. His regi- ment served in Kentucky and Tennessee, in the Army of the Cumberland, and was connected with a brigade commanded for a long time by General W. T. Ward, of Kentucky. In the Atlanta campaign, the brigade was attached as the First Brigade to the Third Division of the Twentieth Army Corps, commanded by General Joe Hooker. After General Butterfield left the division, Colonel Harrison was assigned to the command of the brigade, and continued in command until after the surrender of Atlanta. Being then temporarily detached for other duty, he was, after Sherman's army marched from Atlanta, assigned to command a provisional brigade, and with that took part in the battle of "Nashville and the subsequent pursuit of Hood to Tus- cumbia, Ala. Being relieved at his own request, and ordered to join his brigade at Savannah, he would have joined them there, but on his way was prostrated by a severe fever, which confined him to his bed for several weeks. Before he was fully recovered he started for Savannah, and the army having moved, was assigned to command a camp in which the recruits and con- valescents were gathered. When Sherman reached Raleigh, Colonel Harrison joined his brigade, and accompanied them to Washington. Meanwhile, in the fall of 1864, he was re-elected Reporter of the Supreme Court, and was offered a place in the law firm of Porter & Fishbach, which then became Por- ter, Harrison & Fishbach. After Mr. Fishbach assumed the editorship of the Journal, General Harrison remained with Mr. Porter, in company with Judge Hines, the firm being Porter, Harrison & Hines. This firm was dissolved, and W. H. H. Miller became a member of the new partnership, under the firm name of Harrison, Hines & Miller, in which the General still continues. In 1876 General Harrison was the unanimous choice of the Republicans of Indiana, for Governor, on the withdrawal of Godlove S. Orth. After a most exciting canvass he was defeated. Prior to the nominating convention he had declined, but on the withdrawal of Mr. Orth, felt it to be his duty to respond to the imperious call of the people from all parts of the State. Gen- eral Harrison united with the Presbyterian Church at Oxford, in 1850, and since 1860, has been a member of the First Presbyterian Church of Indian- apolis. General Harrison's military and civil record are of the very best. His practice as a lawyer has been brilliant and successful. As a speaker he is convincing and effective, taking place in the front rank of oratory, while his reputation as a citizen and a gentleman is without a blemish. Having the entire confidence of his party in Indiana, he was elected, in 1880, United States Senator for the six years commencing March 4, 1881, the Republicans being in the majority in the State Legislature. Mr. Harrison is man of sterling integrity, conscientious in the discharge of duty, and as a legislator and citizen above reproach. For personal and political integrity no man stands higher in the United States, and he is looked to as a natural leader of the people. Whether the mantle of the Presidency falls on Senator Harrison's shoulders or not, there is no doubt but that higher and long con- tinued political honors are in store for him. To his high character as a pub- lic citizen he adds the higher honor of being a devoted and true husband and a just and affectionate father. THE PRESIDENTIAL FA VO RITES. Governor George Hoadly, a lawyer of Cincinnati, and twenty -eighth Governor elected by the people of Ohio, was born in New Haven, Connecti- cut, July 31, 1826, the only son of George and Mary Ann Hoadly, daughter of William Walton Woolsey and Elizabeth D wight Woolsey, of New York. His mother was a great granddaughter of Jonathan Edwards, and niece of Presi- dent Dwight, of Yale College, and the elder daughter in a family which embraced among its members her younger brother, President Woolsey, of Yale College; her nephew, Theodore Winthrop, and her niece, Miss Sarah Woolsey, known in literature as " Susan Coolidge." His father was a man of great integrity and purity of character, ranking high in social and public life. He was at one time Mayor of New Haven, Conn., and in 1820, removed with his family to Cleveland, Ohio, where he continued to reside during the remainder of his life, greatly respected by his fellow townsmen, who also honored him with an election to the Chief Magistracy of that city. The subject of this notice received his elementary education in Cleve- land, and at the age of fourteen was sent to the Western Reserve College, at Hudson, Ohio, where he graduated in 1844. He then entered the Law School at Cambridge, Mass., where he passed one year of study under the tuition of Judge Story and Professor Simon Greenleaf, and after reading a second year in the office of Charles C. Convers, Esq., then a prominent attorney in Zanes- ville, Ohio, and afterward a Judge of the Court of Common Pleas and Supreme Court of Ohio, went to Cincinnati and entered the law office of Chase & Ball, as a student, in September, 1846 ; he was admitted to the bar in August, 1847. He soon attracted the attention, and secured the friendship, of Salmon P. Chase, afterward Chief Justice of the United States, who was keenly alive to the importance of attaching to himself young men of prominence ; and in 1849 was admitted to the law firm as junior partner, the firm being Chase, Ball & Hoadly. Mr. Chase's election to the United States Senate, and conse- quent withdrawal from professional duty in Cincinnati, in the same year, led to Mr. Hoadly's appearing in important cases very early in his career, and probably contributed to his election, by the Legislature, in 1851, to the office of Judge of the Superior Court of Cincinnati, for the residue of the term, to which that Court had been limited by the Constitutional Convention. His predecessors on that bench were Judges Este, Coffin, Johnson and James, whose legal powers had been ripened by years of study and experience. He labored with zeal to overcome the disadvantage of his youth and inex- perience, and to preserve the high reputation that court had ever held among the lawyers of the State. In 1853, he formed a co-partnership with Edward Mills ; was City Solicitor of Cincinnati in 1856-1856, and iu 1859, succeeded Judge W. Y. Gholson on A POLITICAL HAND-BOOK. 81 the bench of the new Superior Court. In 1856, he was offered, by Governor Chase, and again by Governor Todd, in 1862, a seat upon the Supreme Bench of Ohio, but declined both appointments. He was re-elected to the bench in 18G4, but resigned in 1866, to establish the firm of Hoadly, Jackson & John- son, which soon ranked among the actively employed law firms of the country. In the Constitutional Convention of 1873-74, for the revision of the Constitu- tion of the State, to which he was elected without opposition, he took an active part, devoting eight months to its business. In this body he was Chairman of the Committee on Municipal Corporations, and devoted his attention principally to devising methods to check the increase of public burdens. Although Judge Hoadly was considered one of the hard workers at the Cincinnati Bar, he nevertheless found time to labor as Professor in the Law School (in which he has filled a chair for eighteen years), Trustee of the University and of the Cincinnati Museum, member of the Committee of the School of Design, and in other ways to promote the progress of the Arts and Sciences. He was one of the counsel who, on behalf of the Board of Educa- tion, successfully resisted the effort to compel Bible reading in the public schools of Cincinnati. Originally a Democrat in politics, he took issue with his associates on the subject of slavery, and this difference led to his separa- tion from them to become attached to the Republican party, of which he continued a supporter until the end of General Grant's first term. He was a member and represented Ohio, in the Committee on Resolutions of the Liberal Republican National Convention in 1872; but disapproving of the principle and policy which led to the nomination of Horace Greeley, he refused to join in his support, and voted (with regret) the second time for Grant, as a choice of evils. In 1876, with many other Liberal Republicans, he joined the Democratic ranks under the banner of reform and the leadership of Tilden and Henclricks, believing that the necessary reforms in the Govern- ment would be more surely secured by their success than by that of Hayes and Wheeler ; and in February, 1877, upon the invitation of the Democratic Committee having in charge the Tilden interest before the Electoral Com- mission, appointed by Congress to settle the disputed Presidency of that year, he appeared as counsel, and argued in favor of the claims of the Florida and Oregon, Democratic Electors. In 1880, he presided as temporary Chairman over the Democratic National Convention. In social and private life Judge Hoadly is beloved as a man, warm in his friendship, and charitable toward those who differ from him. He is the friend of young men struggling for success in the legal profession. In 1883, when he received the Democratic nomination for Governor of Ohio, he was actively engaged in the duties of a large practice, assisted by his partners, Edgar M. Johnson and Edward Colston, both able lawyers and highly respected citizens. In 1875, his Alma Mater conferred on him tne honorary degree of Doctor of Laws. At the Democratic State Convention, which convened at Columbus, Ohio, June 22, 1883, Judge Hoadly was nominated for Governor. At the inception of an exciting campaign he was stricken down by sickness, render- ing it necessary for him to place himself under the care of the eminent physician, Roberts Bartholow, of Philadelphia, Pa., so that he was unable to make but five speeches during the campaign. His opponent, Hon. J. B. Foraker, made a complete tour of the State, making one hundred and five political addresses to the people. Notwithstanding these unfortunate 82 THE PRESIDENTIAL FA VO RITES. circumstances, and the very confident feeling of the Republicans that their candidate would be triumphantly elected, Judge Hoadly carried the State by a plurality of about thirteen thousand. In 1851, Judge Hoadly married Mary Burnet Perry, third daughter of Captain Samuel Perry, one of the earliest settlers of Cincinnati. They have three children, George (graduate of Harvard University, B. A. in 1879, and LL. B. in 1882), Laura, and Edward Mills, all of whom are living. Governor Hoadly is quick and nervous in action and speech, but a man who considers well any subject before he forms or declares his opinions. His integrity and his mental or legal ability have never been questioned. He will not stoop to low tricks, and hence is nofc the ideal of many ward poli- ticians of the cities of his State. He is fully capable of handling any State or National question, and if elected to a higher office, will undoubtedly acquit himself with the greatest credit. A POLITICAL HAND-BOOK. 86 General Lucius Fairchild, is one of the marked and representative men of the Northwest. He came from that " Western Reserve," in Ohio, which has contributed so much of population and of intelligence to his adopted State ; and from a parentage marked by strength of character and by a certain hospitality and largeness of nature. Born at Franklin Mills, in Portage County, Ohio, December 27th, 1831, he resided in Cleveland, in that State, from an early age until 1846, when he came to Wisconsin, and, with other members of his father's family, shortly after found a home at Madison, the beautiful Capital of that State. Soon the newly -discovered gold region attracted enterprising spirits, and the restless energy of the youth of seven- teen, di-ove him to the land of promise. In March, 1849, with an ox-team, he started from Madison, in company with others, for a journey across the Plains. He remained in California until 1855, most of the period being spent in the mountains, in the hard, rough life of a miner, whose severe toils finally yielded him a reasonable degree of financial success. Various businesses occupied his attention after his return to Madison, in 1855, until the fall of 1858, when as the Democratic candidate, he was elected Clerk of the Circuit Court for his County. He discharged the duties of this first official office with great acceptance, his promptitude, energy and business habits, being no less conspicuous than his courtesy toward attorneys and all others doing business before the Court. In the fall of 1860, he was admitted to the bar. In the spring of 1861, after the surrender of Fort Sumter, the subject of this sketch was one of the earliest who hastened to the defense of an imperiled country. He enlisted promptly as a private in the " Governor's Guard," a well-known independent company of Madison, which was among the first to tender its services under the President's first call for three months' troops. Elected Captain of this company, which was assigned to the First Regiment of Wisconsin Volunteers, he declined the position of Lieuten- ant-Colonel offered him by Governor Randall, not feeling himself qualified by military knowledge or training for that office. The Regiment served its three months, from June 9th, 1861, in Eastern Virginia, and took part in the first skirmish in which Wisconsin troops were engaged. In August, 1861, President Lincoln appointed Fairchild, Captain in the Sixteenth Regulars ; and about the sarno time he was appointed Major in the Second Wisconsin Infantry, which had been in the battle of Bull Run and was then in Wash- ington. Accepting both appointments, he was the first officer of the Regular Army to receive leave of absence to serve with a volunteer regiment. Soon after he was appointed Lieutenant- Colonel of the same regiment, after having declined the Colonelcy of another tendered him by the Governor. With the Sixth and Seventh Wisconsin, and the Nineteenth Indiana, it formed a Brigade, first commanded by General Rufus King, of Wisconsin, and which afterwards, under General Gibbon, won an enviable fame. To THE PRESIDENTIAL FA VO RITES. write its history would be almost to write a history of the war in Virginia. It was, perhaps, in the Buttle of Gainesville that Gibbon's Brigade won the proud title of " The Iron Brigade of the West." During this, one of the fiercest conflicts of the war, Col. O'Connor, of the Second, fell mortally wounded, and Lieutenant- Colonel Fairchild had his horse shot under him. Soon after occurred the second battle of Bull Eun, followed by the retreat of our exhausted and discouraged forces at the close of the second day. Lieu- tenant-Colonel Fairchild's regiment was the last to leave the field and cross the Stone Bridge. Soon after he was made Colonel of the Second. Col. Fairchild took an active part in all the engagements that followed in the Army of the Potomac, and at the battle of Gettysburg, when the Iron Brigade engaged in the desperate conflict at Seminary Kidge, Col. Fairchild fell with his left arm shattered so that amputation near the shoulder became necessary. Owing to the strength of his constitution, and by means of the most skillful nursing, Col. Fairchild recovered sufficiently to return home. While there recruiting his health, with the desire and intention of rejoining the army having been recommended by all the Generals under whom he had served for appointment as Brigadier- General, the Union Convention of Wisconsin, much to his surprise, nominated him with great unanimity and enthusiasm for the office of Secretary of State. A life-long Democrat, the unqualified and earnest support he had rendered, both by word and deed, to the Government; the self-devotion and passionate patriotism, rising above all personal and party views, which had marked his course from the com- mencement of hostilities, rendered him an object of eminent confidence and affection on the part of those who tendered this nomination. And amid the perils which then seemed to encompass the government, at the north as well as at the south, it was urged upon him by influential personal friends, that in his disabled condition he could serve the National cause more effec- tively by accepting the nomination than in any other way. The present writer has never doubted that this was a correct view of the case, though he believes that many times during the continuance of the war, and since, Gen. Fairchild has regretted that he did not follow his own impulses and wishes by remaining in the army. Having been appointed Brigadier- General, he resigned that position and his rank in the regular army, and was elected Secretary of State. After serving in that office with eminent acceptance for two years, he was in 1865 nominated, without opposition, in the Kepublican Union Convention, for Governor. His inaugural address, in January, 1866, outlined in a bold and emphatic manner the condition on which alone the recently rebellioiis States should, in his judgment, be allowed to resume their functions in the Union. Whether his views were correct it is not the office of this writer to consider, but certainly the leading ideas of that "reconstruction policy" which Congress has sought to enforce, have seldom been delineated or their necessity urged in a more clear, vigorous and com- pact manner. Governor Fairchild performed the duties of his office to the entire satisfaction of the people, excepting of course the party opposition evoked by his views on National affairs. The briefest account of his guber- natorial career must not omit to mention the intelligent earnestness and zeal with which he sought to promote the educational interests of the State. He devoted an unusual proportion of his time to the personal visitation of penal, reformatory, benevolent and educational institutions of his own State. When A POLITICAL HAND-BOOK. 87 traveling beyond its limits, lie ever sought to make himself acquainted with like institutions in other states, that he might learn what improvements were practicable at home. He repeatedly urged the establishment of an additional state school, viz: one for the education of the feeble-minded ; and in all the existing institutions he was ever welcomed by officers and inmates as a friend. In 1867, he was renominated without opposition and re-elected, and again in 1869, for the first time in the history of the State, was nominated and re-elected for a third term. Such in outline is General Fairchild's official and military career in Wisconsin up to 1871, when, at the age of thirty -nine, he had served first as Clerk of the Court, and had occu- pied every military rank from private to Brigadier- General, and had filled for two years the second, and for six years the first executive office in the State. In November, 1872, General Fairchild was appointed United States Consul at Liverpool, where he served until 1878, when he was promoted to be United States Consul- General at Paris, France. After two years' service in that posi- tion he was again promoted to the high position of Minister Plenipotentiary and Envoy Extraordinary at Madrid, Spain. After serving in this distin- guished position for about two years, General Fairchild resigned, deeming it wise and proper to return to the United States with his children, in order to here complete their education. During the long period of ten years of official service abroad, the United States Government always, through the Secretary of State, expressed the warmest approval of the same, and highly compli- mented him thereon at various times. When Gen. Fairchild returned, in March, 1882, to his old home in Wis- consin, there occurred the most popular demonstration of affectionate greeting ever tendered to a citizen of the state. The entire community were inspired by the desire to welcome most royally the distinguished citizen, companion and friend, who had conferred so much honor upon the state by his illustrious deeds at home and abroad. The sentiment of the vast multitude that, led by veteran soldiers, gathered to welcome General Fairchild, upon the day of his arrival, was fitly expressed by an old-time friend and comrade, who in closing his address, said that, " Inspired by sentiments of true friendship, and by an affectionate pride in his distinguished career, your comrades and fellow- citizens bid you welcome to your home among them, confident that your use- ful and unblemished public life has not been brought to a close by your retirement from the diplomatic service of your country ; but that the future has in reserve higher honors and more ennobling duties even, than those which have fallen to your lot in the past." It is impossible to describe in words a human face so that one who has never seen it can form any definite idea of it. The description may be truo, but it fails to express the very things which make one face different from every other. Equally impossible is it to delineate in words a human char- acter so that a stranger shall form a true notion of it. The resources of lan- guage are inadequate to such a purpose. The nicest analyst of mind and soul, and the most vivid word-painter, will probably feel the most keenly that he has failed in such an attempt. The subtle aroma of individuality escapes in the effort. Yet, as this sketch of a life would be incomplete without some attempt to describe the man, we will try it. With blue eyes, naturally light hair, now turning gray, and a light complexion, and a face, manner and voice indicating decision and frankness so plainly that no man can mistake; with a 88 THE PRESIDENTIAL FAVORITES. frame of medium size, but firmly knit, active and powerful ; with a mind not so much addicted to letters or learning as to the strenuous activities of public or private business, but actuated by a genuine respect for literature, art and science and those whose tastes tend to their cultivation ; not given to subtle speculations, but simple, clear, just and decided in his general views of men and things ; direct and positive of speech, and at times, especially when busy, curt, and with a soldierly bluntness which men do not dislike; destitute of all cant and affectation, and of all the arts of a demagogue ; unfit for diplomacy, as diplomacy is generally understood, and entirely unqualified for any posi- tion in the circumlocution office ; happy, and conferring happiness, in his domestic relations ; displaying in his own home a simple and hearty hospi- tality, with a dislike for mere conventionalities a trait which comes to him by inheritance ; a staunch friend, and when called upon to be an enemy, as free from malignity as from concealment or fear; a good neighbor and a good citizen ; quick to sympathize with misfortune in practical ways, and to help forward generous thoughts and plans; not a member of any Christian church, but with advancing years and experience of the struggle and discipline of life, a more and more earnest and hearty believer in these grand ideas of the Divine Beneficence and human duty on which he understands Christianity to be based ; a true democrat ; a radical believer in giving to all men the best possible chance that society can give ; thoroughly patriotic, with marked executive ability, intelligent, prompt, energetic and incorruptible in the dis- charge of public duty such, if we understand him, is the man before us. Whether he shall hereafter be called to serve in public position, or, amid the throng of eager aspirants for office shall find that for him " the post of honor is the private station," he has done and suffered too much, and in doing and suffering has made himself too much of a man ever to be less than a distin- guished and honored citizen of the State and country, whose annals he has adorned in war and peace. The author of this book, admits his indebtedness to the Hon. Geo. Bryant, Postmaster at Madison, Wis., for the above sketch. A POLITICAL HAND-BOOK. 01 The present Speaker of the House of Representatives, was born in Camp- bell (now Kenton) County, Kentucky, September 5, 1835. He received a common-school education, taught school in the county and afterwards in Covington, and then studied law with J. W. Stevenson and W. B. Kinkead, and was admitted to the bar in March, 1868, and has practiced since. In 1859, was elected to the State House of Eepresentatives, and served until 1862 ; in 1864, was nominated as a Presidential Elector on the Democratic ticket, but declined. He was elected to the State Senate in February, 1866, and re-elected in 1869. He was a delegate at large from Kentucky to the National Democratic Convention at New York, in July, 1868, and in May, 1871, was nominated for the State Senate ; resigned his seat in June, 1871, and was elected Lieutenant Governor in August, serving until 1875. In 1876, he was alternate Presi- dential Elector for the State at large. He was nominated for and elected to Congress, taking his seat at the commencement of the Forty-fifth Congress, re-elected to the Forty sixth, Forty-seventh, and unanimously returned to the Forty-eighth, of which he was chosen Speaker. Mr. Carlisle is, and always has been, a Democrat ; but he enjoys to a marked degree the respect of his political opponents. Quick in his perceptions, he is ready to act, and as a parliamentarian he has few equals, and perhaps no superior. Logical in thought, terse in speech, pleasant in address, when he rises in debate he commands attention. Ken- tucky has no brighter or more genial man than John G. Carlisle. THE PRESIDENTIAL FAVORITES. This -world-renowned warrior was born at Lancaster, Ohio, Feb. 8, 1820. His father, who was stricken down with cholera Avhile a Judge of the Supreme Court of Ohio, left a family of eleven children to be taken care of by a wife in straightened circumstances, or by relatives and friends who were kindly disposed. William T. was adopted into the family of Hon. Thomas Ewing, one of the foremost men of his day, and a man amply qualified in every way to develop in young Sherman all the good and intelligence of his nature. The young protege had all the benefits to be obtained from good schools and private tutors, and at a very early age was well qualified to enter the military academy at West Point, where he graduated in 1840. He then served in the Florida war as Second Lieutenant, receiving promotion to First Lieutenant in 1841, or about the close of the Seminole war. His next service was at Fort Moultrie, in Charleston harbor. In 1846, Lieutenant Sherman was sent to California, remaining on border or recruiting service during the fierce battles of the Mexican campaign. His duties were, however, no less arduous or exacting than that required of those in the field, though the chances for pro- motion and fame were largely lessened. In the spring of 1850, young Sher- man, who had now become Captain, led to the altar Miss Ellen B. Ewing, daughter of his foster father, Hon. Thomas Ewing. The marriage took place in Washington, Daniel Webster, Henry Clay and General Taylor being among the guests. For a considerable period, Captain Sherman was attached to the Commissary Department of the army; but tiring of the monotony of army life in time of peace, he resigned his commission in 1853, and established a banking house in San Francisco, under the firm name of Lucas, Turner & Co. He continued in business for four years, returning East to settle in Leavenworth, Kan., as a lawyer, forming a co-partnership with his brother- in-law, General Thomas Ewing, Jr. This vocation was entirely unsuited to Mr. Sherman, hence when, in 1859, the Governor of Louisiana offered him the superintendency of the State Military Academy, he accepted the position, resigning in January, 1861, on account of the secession of the State. Imme- diately upon the inauguration of war, he was commissioned as a Colonel of regular infantry, and commanded a brigade of volunteers at the first battle of Bull Eun, soon after which he was commissioned Brigadier- General of volunteers. He was early assigned to a command in the West, and took an active, though minor, part in the Western campaigns, until about the time of Grant's campaign at Forts Henry and Donelson. Meantime he had been made a Brigadier-General in the regular army, and in October, 1863, he suc- ceeded Grant as commander of the Department of the Tennessee. In March, 1864, when Grant was made Lieutenant- General and commander of all the Union forces, General Sherman succeeded him as commander of the Military Division of the Mississippi, comprising the whole Southwest. General Sher- man had been with Grant in the Vicksburg campaign and at Shiloh, and A POLITICAL HAND-BOOK. 95 Grant knew his ability in handling large armies. General Sherman at once organized an army of over 100,000 men to operate against General Joseph E. Johnston, an able soldier and strategist, who commanded the Confederate forces. May 1, 1864, simultaneously with the advance of General Grant in the East, Sherman invaded Georgia, and between that date and Sept. 1, fought many pitched battles. The enemy would no sooner take a strong position in Sherman's front than that General, while engaging him by an attack in front with a part of his army, would turn one or the other of his flanks, and thus force a retreat. Atlanta was the objective point of this campaign, that city being a large manufacturing and railroad center and the key to the situation. This city capitulated to General Sherman Sept. 2, 1864, who occupied it until Nov. 15, 1864, when, sending two-fifths of his army back to General Thomas, to resist Hood's advance into Tennessee, he marched southward to the sea with 60,000 men. Within thirty days he marched 300 miles, striking the Atlantic coast near Savannah. Capturing Fort McAllister Dec. 13, Savannah surrendered Dec. 21, where he gave his troops a needed rest and fresh supplies. Jan. 15, 1865, he commenced his victorious march northward, invading South Caro- lina. He was some six weeks passing through the Palmetto State. He fought two battles in North Carolina, March 16 and 20 and 21, occupied Goldsboro March 22, when, after giving his army a short rest, he captured Raleigh, and April 13, negotiated with General J. E. Johnston, terms of capitulation of that chieftain's army. These terms were pronounced inadmissible by the Federal Government, and General Sherman, under General Grant's instructions, demanded and received General Johnston's surrender April 25, 1865, on the same terms as had been accorded General Lee. This surrender virtually included all Confederate forces in the field, and brought the war to a close. General Sherman had been a Major-General in the regular army since Aug. 12, 1864, being given that position in recognition of his Georgia cam- paign, and after the close of the war continued in command of the Military Division of the Mississippi for more than a year. July 25, 1866, Lieutenant- General Grant, having been promoted to the full rank of General, Major - General Sherman was promoted to the rank of Lieutenant -General, and assigned to the Western command. In March, 1869, General Grant having been elected President, Sherman was made General, and Sheridan, Lieutenant- General, both ranks to expire with these persons. In 1871 and 1872, General Sherman traveled extensively in Europe, and was received abroad in a manner befitting his exalted rank and services. Eeturning to the United States, he for a time made his headquarters in St. Louis; but it being deemed inadvisable to have army headquarters away from the seat of government, he settled in Washington, which he made his home until last fall, when, having served his country long enough to be retired, he relinquished command of the army to General Sheridan. He is now living in St. Louis, where he hopes to quietly enjoy the rewards which follow faith- ful service. 96 THE PRESIDENTIAL FAVORITES. The present Governor of New York State, was elected to that high office by the largest majority ever given to any candidate, notwithstanding the fact that so able and pure a man as Charles J. Folger, Secretary of the United States Treasury, was his opponent. Mr. Cleveland was born in the town of Essex, State of New Jersey, on the 18th day of March, 1837. He is a descendant of a New England family, which has been in this country two hundred years. The family is noted for its piety and religious zeal, having had for many generations distinguished representatives in the clerical profession. Mr. Cleveland's great-grandfather,' Aaron Cleveland, was a Congregational minister of Norwich, Connecticut. He was a strong man, mentally and physically, and a hundred years ago was the author of many radical anti- slavery papers. Kichard Cleveland, the father of the subject of this sketch, was educated for the ministry, and was of the Presbyterian faith. He married a Miss Neal, of Baltimore, soon settling as pastor of a church in New Jersey, where Grover was born. Governor Cleveland's educational facilities and opportunities were rather limited, consisting of a chance to attend the common schools and an academy at Clinton, Oneida County, New York, for a brief period. After leaving the academy he became a clerk for a year at one of the eleemosynary institutions of New York City; then he returned home, determined to go west to seek his fortune, and in May, 1855, with a companion, started for Cleveland, Ohio. Mr. Cleveland says he was attracted to that city because it had his name. On his way there he stopped at Buffalo, to visit an uncle, Mr. Lewis F. Allen, who used his best endeavors to dissuade his nephew from going farther. To make his arguments and entreaties effectual, he offered Grover a clerkship. As work was what young Cleveland desired, he of course wanted to stay, but declined to give positive answer until he consulted his young friend whom he had promised to accompany to Ohio. The young friend promptly acceded to Mr. Cleveland's staying, saying he ought not to decline the proffered employment. Having determined upon the law as a profession, it was not long before he made arrangements to become a law student in the office of Kogers, Bowen & Rogers. In 1859, he was admitted to the bar, passing most creditably a rigid examination. He continued with his preceptors four years, which gave him really eight years of thorough study and legal expe- rience. He was then appointed Assistant District Attorney for the county of Erie, by C. C. Torrance, which position he filled for a period of three years. In 1865, he was nominated by the Democratic County Convention for District Attorney, to succeed Mr. Torrance, but was defeated by Hon. Lyman K. Bass. Mr. Cleveland formed a law copartnership with the late I. V. Vanderpool, January 1, 1866, which was continued until 1869. He then became a member of the firm of Laning. Cleveland & Folsom. In November, 1870, Mr. Cleve- land was chosen Sheriff of Erie County; and at the close of that service A POLITICAL HAND-BOOK. 99 became a member of the law firm of Bass, Cleveland & Bissell. This was the strongest and brainiest law firm in Western New York, and at once commanded a very lucrative practice. In 1881, Mr. Cleveland was chosen Mayor of Buffalo, but before the expiration of his term was elected Governor of the Empire State. Mr. Cleveland is one of a family of nine children four sons and five daughters. His widowed mother died at Holland Patent, New York, in the summer of 1882. All the children, except two sons burned at sea, are living. Governor Cleveland has a vigorous, robust constitution. He possesses a large frame, and inclines to corpulency ; has a nervous, sanguine tempera, ment, light complexion and thin brown hair. He is slightly bald, but is what the ladies call "a real good-looking man," though none of them have as yet captured him for a husband. As Governor he has been well poised and opposed to all venal, hasty or extravagant legislation, and has won the good opinion of the great mass of good citizens, irrespective of party. 100 THE PRESIDENTIAL FA VO RITES. Philip Henry Sheridan, was the Murat and Ney, both, of our late civil war. Beady to lead a cavalry or an infantry charge, he was equally the man to overlook the operation of a vast army and move its parts so as to achieve victory In fact, Sheridan, impetuous and apparently rash, when necessity called for vigorous action and daring deeds, was cool, calm, collected, prudent, when overlooking a field where an army was employed ; no eye sooner saw a flaw in an enemy's movements or was quicker to take advantage of it. Besides the education, Sheridan has the instinct and genius of a true soldier. He was born in Somerset County, Ohio, March 6, 1833, of poor parents, and therefore obliged to early learn that he must in large measure depend upon himself. Having received an appointment to the Military Academy at West Point, he entered that institution and graduated in 1853. Upon his graduation he was assigned to the infantry branch of the service, serving two years in Texas, and from 1855 to 1861, in Oregon. At the commencement of the civil war he was appointed Quartermaster of the Army of Southwest Missouri, his rank being Captain. In April, 1862, he was made Chief Quartermaster of the Western Department. In May, 1862, the Governor of Michigan appointed him Colonel of the Second Michigan Cavalry, and July 1st, 1862, he was commissioned as a Brigadier- General of Volunteers, and was soon in command of a division of the Army of the Ohio. At the battle of Stone Eiver, December 31, 1862, he saved the army from rout by his stubborn resistance of the enemy's onslaughts. For this he was made Major- General. In the march to Chattanooga, under Kosecrans, he was very active, being always prompt, and when any necessity seemed to demand it, exposed him- self with an abandon and recklessness that won the admiration of his soldiers and gained for him the sobriquet of " Fighting Phil." In the battle of Chick- amauga, though swept off the field by the breaking of the lines, he recovered himself and returned with his command and some other troops to the support of General Thomas. In subsequent actions about Chattanooga he distin- guished himself and was regarded as among the most accomplished and suc- cessful soldiers of the West. In April, 1864, he was called by General Grant to the Army of the Poto- mac and put in command of the cavalry. During the months of May, June and July, besides protecting the flanks of the army and reconnoitering the enemy's position, he was in eighteen distinct actions. On the 4th of August, he was put in command of the Army of the Shenan- tloah, and soon after of the Middle Military Division, where he succeeded in completely routing General Early, for which he was made a Brigadier- General in the regular army, and in November a Major- General. The campaign against Early over, and in full possession of the Valley of Virginia, he destroyt-d the mills and rendered it impossible for Lee to longer A POLITICAL HAND-BOOK. 103 draw supplies from this fertile region. He then made a detour around Rich- mond, joining General Grant at City Point, from whence he started, March 25, 1865, to strike the final blow for the overthrow of Lee's army. He fought the battle of Dinwiddie Court House March 31, Five Forks April 1, and compelled the surrender of Lee April 9, 1865. After the return of the troops to Washington, he was assigned to the command of the Military Division of the Southwest, June 3, and of the Division of the Gulf, June 17, 1865. Upon the reorganization of departments and districts, he was assigned to the Department of the Gulf, August 15, 1866; and March, 1867, to the Fifth Military District (Louisiana and Texas); but displeasing President Johnson, he was transferred, September 12, 1867, to the Department of the Missouri, which he continued to command until March, 1869, when, by the promotion of Lieutenant- General Sherman to General, he became Lieutenant- General, assuming command of the "Western and Southwestern Military Divisions, with headquarters in Chicago. Here he resided until the autumn of 1883, when, by the retirement of General Sher- man, he became Commander of the army of the United States. General Sheridan while in Chicago became extremely popular with all classes of people; and so highly was he appreciated as a citizen and a soldier, when he was about to be transferred to Washington, many of the leading gentlemen of the Garden City presented him with the beautiful residence which General Sherman had occupied in the Capital City. 104 THE PRESIDENTIAL FA VO RITES. This favorite son of the Democracy of Illinois, was born in Monroe County, September 14, 1825, and, like most boys in the country, attended the common schools, where he laid the foundation upon which he builded later at McKendree College, Illinois, completing a classical course. He then studied law, and was admitted to the bar, where his talents soon secured him a fairly lucrative practice. In a short time he was elected Clerk of the Circuit Court, and after the expiration of his term was sent to the State House of ^Representatives. He was re-elected three times, and one term occupied the Speaker's chair. He was elected to the Thirty-eighth, Forty-third, Forty-fourth, Forty- fifth, Forty-sixth, Forty-seventh and Forty-eighth, or present Congress. Speaker Carlisle, recognizing his long experience and great ability, made him Chairman of the Committee on Ways and Means, which carries with it the leadership of the House. Mr. Morrison has been much talked of for the Vice-Presidency and Presi- idency, especially in the West, it being generally conceded that he possesses many elements of popular strength, and would make a most efficient Chief Magistrate. A POLITICAL HAND-BOOK. 107 This distinguished statesman and soldier was born at Stewartsville, Richmond County, North Carolina, October 31, 1826. His father, the Rev. Francis Hawley, was a native of Farmington, Connecticut, and a descendant of one of the oldest families of the State. He married a native of Fayetteville, North Carolina, a woman of Scotch descent, through which union is blended in Joseph R. Hawley the pertinacity, mental combativeness, and physical vigor of the Yankee and the Scotchman. The family lived a long time in Laurel Hill, North Carolina, a Scotch neighborhood, with fairly good common schools. In November, 1837, the family removed to Connecticut, where the son attended school faithfully, studying at the Hartford Grammar School from 1840 to 1842, when he removed to Cazenovia, New York. The family, with the exception of Joseph, resided there until 1870, the mother dying there in 1869. She was a woman of strong will, good sense, very affectionate, and of great piety, and has left her impress upon the character and nature of her distinguished son. At Cazenovia the subject of our sketch studied at the academy, and entered Hamilton College, near Utica, where he graduated in 1847. After graduation he commenced the study of law, at Cazenovia, taught school two winters, and then entered the law office of Hon. John Hooker, at Farmington, Conn. After being admitted to the bar, the law firm of Hooker - Tompkins, N. Y. (Dem.) I? 20 ' -! James Monroo. Va.. < Dem.1 ~ I a * { 1 1 s i c i I ^ ri ~ >. 1 1, 1 "" G 1 ? 3 ^ ? ^ < =* * I' j] -_- 3 i 2" s r < ^ \ - s E |. r z, ^ 2 2 ? = ^ -, 1 3 5' * 3 7; a | ^ i. < ? =. J 1 3 1 < Q __> i :i 5 " ~: 3 _^ ) 1 1~ - \ ? i- -v ** f = 3 ^ \ ? P j r' rs ' ? 3 i f j 2 = X S x - : % - f ; < - \, > 2 'i ' ? 1 ir = i 3 ^ ? = (Washington, Va. (Fed.) 1709. x'.Tnhn Admnn Mn.BH /BWM... 00 s- >_ fS = p i> si I ^ p R I \ -, - 5 < r. -. s. CANDIDATES. - o s Maine. , 7sc 7 bC e / -I -- / -i t -i i - - : -- ~ ., N. Hampshire. -I 00 r X ^ / - - - - r Vermont. _' 7sc ! I s : ? O =? : 3 3 B r -- : ^5 ~ -. r- 5 X Massachusetts. X CO 1- r c D C ' ~ ^ CS _., j; . c -^ : _ _j Connecticut. _-? .T J i ^ i r "5 ^ z j -C 3 ~ r w s t n New York. T 00 B X B >: ^ > S- X -C .1 ^T ^ -i ^ JIH-O5 New Jersev. o to CI :, -' s S \ j: ^ \ I rf bC-KC Pennsylvania. K: M [ . ^ ^ c j . . . g M is - - - cc: cc Delaware W_, Co ^ 10s t >- x ~ jn r T c - c too 3.0-tO .; -^ -i f. ~r Maryland. * i S 3i B -> J, -T * : J' | i li c 1C *^ i ?D - - t~ Pj 0,0,0 Virginia. N. Carolina. J 00 r. -r ., -r -/- - - c r. * t 00 I 0000 i . ~, -1 ^ 5.: o. S. Carolina. Georgia. -- CO j Alabama. 1 -0 CO 1 \ ., A ce Louisiana. - oo r. 3C r 00 c^ gl d : cc : 03 Tennessee. CV ' 10 00 J\ CO CO : e i ^ JO 4 X a c I 1C -7 B CO r co ::::::::::: Kentucky. Ohio. Indiana. Illinois. Missouri. Arkansas. Michigan. W. Virginia. Floridd, r::::::::::::::::::::::::::: : : : i : \ i : : : : : : : : : : : i : Texas. Iowa. Wisconsin. Minnesota. Nebraska. Kansas. Colorado. Nevada. ::::::::::::::::: : | | Oregon. *::j y i g3SE3g*5!iBl:;IS3Sa838283i8S8 Total. 122 THE PRESIDENTIAL FAVORITES. UO39JQ 1 :::::*: msuoosfAN. "BM.OI | STJX9I, BptJOItf | *~ - - L O : 3- M s BtTBTSmO'I Ml-l u. c c- - * ^r -I t- 3> : o> 3 ! c. r 5- cs Bl8l09f) 7 -C t 2 c- = :0 S 5 E : - : - o mnioJBO -g 5 - X .; U ~ X :o> a a 00 * ac 00 BUllOJBO -J . - ? - ' K -- B - i u- " S ^ - - o omiSjtA J as - ~ 3 I I - g i i s -J; t~ i S g q pUUlAJUJfl = - Z c- l-l U ^ i." (O o r o -- - - 00 X 00 * 00 X 00 00 aiBAVBieQ 1 '- M cc n c< " : 1 CO SS X .- CO 'BnrBAiA'snugj _ -f B f ^ " - ~ - f : ~ s 55 p S M ^99J9f A\.9}J "' X CO P Jl.io.5. M.9jsi; | ' > ~ 7 r - r o ! T^ 4 5 -* M * c \ to : c- j a ~ paBisi 9poqa : f ^^ X 3D X x X to to to ^ S ^- _ 1 -W '^^Tao^A ' _ 7 1 1 y - "O giiqsdOTBH 'K 1 "* - _ X 00 t- l- s - 1 i- P - 3 v S SI UJ emuK ~ ~ X,- X 3 3 ~ ; - . 3> 3 - 3. y H CANDIDATES. 3 ^' = 2 11 1! I s! c 5 II - -<~ - C ^ IE !l 51 g I'"" ^ '_ ~ s "-/^ i c -=- <*- , - ac" B , 4i -Y ' L Vice- | Van Huron, XM. x. (i)em.; Pres. ( Sergeant, 1'a. (Whig) >. -^* ~_ ~. H - . c S.i s : ! V^ico- i Johnson, Ky. (Dem) t'rea. | J^'rancis urangcr, JN. x. iwnig) 840. 1 Harrison. Ohio rWhici .... I f i s- > " 1 _ ;. S^f H '-f 3 xS 5 kSOfc * 2 i J 2 o o p JC "* 11 4| . 3 HO M =. ^_ "-. ",- ^'> gw 1 q| v^ _, ^ -2 3 - SI -^ x= g ll ^x '* ^^ al i ^ -~ >w ^^ < I - . = U.H ^ ~ 3i c ^ i ,r I; K" Pros 1 1 '- u< i'remonc, JN. x. (iwsp. res- (.Fillmoro, N. Y. (Am.) rr-- isreckniridge, K.y. (JJem.) pi!* 4 Dayton, Ohio, (Eep.) ^ res> (DonnelBon. Tenn. (Am.) A POLITICAL HAND-BOOK. 123 r i> : o X * r- CO CC 00 X i >0 c co .-7 c: c y r: : - n a w : o : 00 : oo oo oo o * '' 5 5 : : ^ : ** oo x. ao oe 5 ~ - ~ f :^* to t : : to : c /^ at : ; - CO m co .-oco n - T V 5 -T i o '- 5 . X Ob -*. -- s O v s :- S S <- 00 ri ^ i ^ '- ..- s J2 S i tc : o o I T 2 : -. 3 : ? 7 7 2 s i -^ e IN 00 f t- t- t- - PS x. X X X 00 s at X 0000 00 c 2 - O o o 2 s> a> s> a CM .4 o c: r- ~ ~ s x< 00 to to w t- ' 1- f i- t~ 3 o 3>0> = 2 2 c 5 3T 3 - 00 O O O S3 r- 00 X 00 -i- CO f 5 CO CO ff co CM c f ? .- i .- c 7 r- i CO o V * t- t- t- at ~- 3 5 - o 1 co CO 1 ?* ?? ? IT 1 '- ~ - ,- if u i tc 8 II o o s o z >c ^ ^ 3 I 9. - fell r. ;5> .- H;-; (m9Q) (d>)>n-f Cmoa) 'X -K (ao>D (tnea) Oiqo 1 (don) 'unoj, / "B9?mapOp909g (Kop) , Ind. (Dem.) 3. (Lib. Kop) ra. (Dem.). (Lib. Kop.) nd oeloy, N. Y. (Lib. Bop.) died before meeting ralcolleae 2, y 00 i- \ I -;- x- | =3 3 5 i _w ^ = c ^ 1 1 m 4 r; I i >i s -^ > >r 1 ^ ' ;: _ c S H i _~ > X :J s e ^ ?^ o . a _- ^jK^t;, Stf-S^ P. s.S a 124 THE PRESIDENTIAL FA VO RITES. SUMMARY OF POPULAR AND ELECTORAL VOTES IN PRESIDENTIAL ELECTIONS, 1789-1880. 1 H Number of States. Total Electoral Vote. Party. For President. States. Popular Vote. Electoral Vote. For Vice-President. Electoral Vote. 1789 1792 179C 1800 1804 1808 1812 1816 1820 1824 10 ID 16 16 21 17 18 19 24 24 73 135 138 138 * 176 176 218 221 235 261 George Washington.. 69 34 ! 6 6 4 3 2 2 1 1 1 4 132 77 50 4 1 3 71 68 59 30 15 . 11 7 6 3 2 2 2 1 73 73 65 64 1 162 14 1552 6 47 a 1 1 3 *Up to this time there had been no distinctive nominations y for Vice-Presidont by parties. Man receiving second highest g- Electoral vote became Vice-President. 162 14 113 3 47 9 3 1 131 86 1 1F3 22 5 4 3 4 218 g 4 1 1 3 182 3O 24 13 9 1 1 R. R. Harrison John Rutledge George Clinton Samuel Huntington.. John Milton Benjamin Lincoln James Armstrong Edward Telfair Vacancies John Adams Republican Republican Republican George Clinton Thomaa Jefferson Aaron Burr Vacancies Republican Thomas Jefferson Republican.. Aaron Burr Oliver Ellsworth I::::::.::::.::::::::::: George Clinton John Jny James Iredell George Washington- Charles C. Pinckney Republican Republican Federalist Aaron Burr ... John Adams Federalist Charles C. Pinckney Federalist Republican Federalist Republican Republican Federalist Thomas Jeff, rson Chas. C. Pinckney James Miidison George Clinton Chas. C. Pinckney... i 2 12 5 George Clinton James Madison Rufus King James Monron 1 Republican Federalist James Mudison De Witt Clinton....... Vacancy 11 7 :::::::::::: 128 89 1 Elbridge Gerry Jared Ingersoll Republican Federalist JamfS Monroe Rufus King 10 3 :::::::::::: 183 34 D. D. Tompkins John E. Howard Rob t G. Harper Vacancies .... 4 Republican James Monroe John Q. Adams 24 231 1 D. D. Tompkins Daniel Rodney Rob't G. Harper Richard Bush Vacancies.. 3 Republican Republican Republican Republican Andrew Jackson ... John Q. Adams Win. H. Crawford Henry Clay Vacancy in 8 3 3 155,872 Id5,321 44,2-2 46,587 99 84 41 37 John C. Calhoun Nathan Sanford Nathaniel Macon Andrew Jackson M. Van Buren Henry Clay A POLITICAL HAND-BOOK. 125 SUMMARY OF POPULAR AND ELECTORAL VOTES. [Continued.] v< ' O+J ^g s Party. For President. States. Popular Vote. Elect Vote For Vice-President. 1 > 43 V . Mftngnm IT 15 7 2 1 1 19 7 701,549 1 I 736,650 1,275,017 1,12*,702 7,059 170 73 26 14 11 234 60 V. R. M. Johnson _ Francis Granger John Tyler Whig William Smith Whig Wm. H Harrison Martin Van Buren ... John Tyler 234 48 Democratic R. M. Johnson D.W. Tazewell James K. Polk 11 1 170 105 Democratic James K. Polk 15 11 1,:7,'243 1,299,068 62,iOU 1,360,101 1,220,544 291,263 1,601,474 1,386,578 156,149 I,838,lfi9 1,341,264 874,534 1,866,352 845,763 1,375,157 589,581 2,216,067 1,808,725 170 105 IKS 127 254 42 Geo. M. Dallas Whig Henry Clay T. Frelinghuysen Liberty James G. Birney \Vhig Zachary Taylor- Lewis Cass 15 15 27 4 Millard Fillmore Wm. O. Butler 163 127 Free Soil Martin Van Buren ... Franklin Pierce Winfleld Scott Chas. F. Adams Wm R King 254 42 Whig Wm. A. Graham Geo. W. Julian Free Democracy John 1'. Hale Democratic James Buchanan. John C. Fremont Vfillard Fillmore .... Abraham Lincoln iy u 1 17 11 2 3 22 3 11 174 114 180 7-? 12 39 212 21 81 J. C. Breckinridge Wm. L. Dayton A J Donelsflu 174 114 8 180 72 12 39 212 21 81 214 80 23 286 47 Republican Republican Hannibal Hamlin J. C. Breckinridge.... S A. Douglas Democratic H. V. Johnson " Const. Union" Republican John Bell Edward Everett Andrew Johnson Geo. H. Pendleton.... Abraham Lincoln Geo. B. McClellan.... Vacancies* Republican Ulysses S. Grant ... 26 8 S 3,015,071 2,709,613 214 80 >? Sehuyler Colfax F P Blair Jr Vacancies)- Dlysses S. Grant Horace Greeley 31 6 3.MI7.070 2,83t,07'J 29,408 6,608 286 ""42 18 2 1 Henry Wilson Dem. and Lib. Rep. Democratic B. Gratz Brown John Q. Adams Cha s. O'Connor 6 3 6 3 1 1 1 14 185 184 T. A. Hendricks B. Gratz Brown John M. Palmer Geo. W. Julian Chas. J. Jenkins T. E. Bramlette W. S. Groesbeck Willis B. Machen N P. Banks David Davis Not counted* 17 Republican Democratic "Greenback" "Prohibition" Republican R. B. Hayes S. J. Tilden Peter Cooper 21 17 4,033,950 4,284,885 81,740 9,522 4,442,950 4,442,035 306.X67 12,576 185 184 "214 15S Wm. A. Wheeler T. A. Hendricks S.F. Gary B T. Stewart Green C. Smith James A. Garfleld.... W. S. Hancock James B. Weaver.... Scattering 19 19 Chester A. Arthur.... Wm. H. English B. J. Chambers 214 155 Democratic " Greenback " * Not voting Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas and Virginia. f Not voting Mississippi, Texas and Virginia. J Seventeen votes rejected, viz : 3 from Georgia for Horace Greeley (dead), and 8 from Louisiana, and 6 from Arkansas for U. S. Grant. 126 THE PRESIDENTIAL FA VO RITES. Signers of the Declaration of Independence, in Congress Assembled July 4, 1776. The following list of members of the Continental Congress, who signed the Declaration of In- dependence, is here given, for the purpose of showing the places and dates of their birth, and the times of their respective deaths, for convenient reference : NAMES OF SIGNERS. BOEN AT [DELEGATED FBOM DIED. Braintree, Mass., 19 Oct., 1735... Boston, Mass., 27 Sept., 17^ Amesbury, Mass., in Nov., 1729.. Newington, Va.,10 Sept., 1736 ... Annapolis, Md., '/O Sept , 1737 Somerset Co., Md., 17 April, 1741 Elizabethtown, N.J., 15 Feb. me Philadelphia, Pa., in 1739 Newport, R. I., 2^ Dt-c., 1727 Suffolk Co., N. Y., 17 Dec., 1734.. Boston, Mass., 17 Jan., 170'; Harblehead, Mass., 1 July, 1744. Sngland, in 1732 Massachusetts Massachusetts New Hampshire Virginia 4 July, 1826. 2 Oct., 1803. M May, 1795. 10 Oct., 1797. 14 Nov., 1832. I'.iJune, 1811. Sept., 1794. 25 Jan, 1813. 1ft Feb , 18ZO. 4 Aug., 1821. 17 April, 1790. 2:1 Nov., 1814. 27 May, 1777. Feb. 179( > Carroll, Chas. of Carroll'n. Chase, Samuel Maryland New Jersey Clymer, George Ellery, William Pennsylvania K. I and Prov. Pi- New York Penn s y 1 vania Massachusetts Georgia Georgia Gwinnet, Button Braintree, Mass , in 1737 ,M assachusetts Virginia New Jersey South Carolina North Carolina North Carolina R. I. and Prov. PL. Connecticut New Jersey Virginia Virginia Virginia 8 Oct , 1793. April 1791 Hart, John Heyward, Thomas, Jr rlopewell, N. J., in 1715 St. Luke's, S. C , in 1746 1880. March, 1809. 10 Oct., 1779. Oct , 1790. 13 July, 1785. 5 Jan., 1796. 9 May, 179u. 4 July, 1826. 19 June, 1794. April, 1797. 30 Dec., 1803. 12 June, 1778. Lost at sea, 1779. 24 June, 1817. 1 Jan., 1787. 22 Jan , 179s. 8 Mav, iKOfi. April, 1777. 4 Jan., 17*'.'. 11 May, 1804. " 26 Oct., 18o9. , 179R. - 1 733 Kingston, N. J., in 17:'.0 Hooper, William Hopkins; Stephen Boston, Mass., 17 June, 1742 Scituate, Mass., 7 March, 1707... Windham, Conn., 3 July, 1732 ... Philadelphia, Pa., in 1737 Shadwell, Va , 13 April, 17 ,4 Stratford, Va., 20 Jan , 1732 Stratford, Va., 14 Oct, 1731 Landaff, Wales, in March, 1713.. Albany, N. Y., 15 Jan., 1716 St George's, S. C., 5 Aug., 174!*.. . Chester Co., Pa , 19 March, 1734. Middleton Place, 8. C., in 1743... Morrisannn, N. Y., in 17^6 Lancashire, Kng., Jan., 1733-4 ... Ridley, Pa., iu 1724 York, Va., 26 Dec., 1738.. . . Lee, Francis Lightfoot New York Lynch, Thomas, Jr South Carolina Delaware South Carolina New York Pennsylvania Pennsylvania Virginia McKean, Thomas Morris, Lewis Morris, Robert Morton, John Nelson, Thomas, Jr Paca, Wm Wye-Hill, Md., 31 Oct., 1740 Boston, Mass., in 1731 Caroline Co , Va., 17 May, 1741... Cecil Co., Md., in 1734.. Paine, Robert Treat Penn, John Massachusetts North Carolina Read, George Rodney, Caesar Ross, George Dover, Del , in 1730 New Castle, Del , in 17 io Pennsylvania Penn sylvania South Carolina.... Connecticut Pennsylvania New Jersey .... July, 1779. l!i April, 1813. 23 Jan., 180O. 23 July, 1793. 11 July, 1SOG. 2* Feb., 17K1. 5 Oct., 1787. 23 Feb., 1781. 24 June, 1803. 2 Feb., li-04. 28 Nov., 1785. 2 Aug., 1811. 28 Aug., 1798. 15 Nov., 1794. 1 Dec., 1797. 8 June, 1806. Rush, Benjamin, M. D Rutledge, Edward Sherman, Roger Byberry, Pa., 24 Dec ,17t5 Charleston, S. C , in Nov., 174'J... Newton, Mass., 19 April, 1721 Stockton, Richard Princeton, N. J., 1 Oct., 1730 Charles Co., Md , in 1742 Stone, Thomas Taylor, George , Ireland, in 1716 , Ireland, in 1714 Pennsylvania New Hampshire .. Georgia New Hampshire.... Connecticut Pennsylvania New Jersey Connecticut Thornton, Matthew Walton, George Whipple, Wm Williams, Wm Frederick Co , Va., in 1740 Kittery, Maine, in 1730 Lebanon, Conn , 8 April, 1731 Scotland, about 1742 Yester, Scotland, 5 Feb., 1722 Windsor, Conn, 26 Nov., 1726 Elizabeth City Co ,Vfl., in 172.. Wilson, James Witherspoon, John Wolcott, Oliver Wythe, George 'Virginia Ante-War Debts of the Several States. TABLE showing the debts of the several States before the war (1 - STATES. In 1S60-G1. STATES. In 1860-61. Maine j 699,. r .OO 31,669 None. 7,132,627 None. None. 34,182,976 104,000 37,964,002 None. 14 250 173 Iowa $ 2t<0,000 24,734,000 150,000 4,729,234 Vermont Missouri Kansas Rhode Island Kentucky California New York Oregon Virginia 55 72 33,248441 9,120,505 3,691,574 2,670,750 383,000 5,048,000 None. 10,023,903 Pennsylvania North Carolina Delaware Maryland Ohio Florida Indiana Michigan Illinois Wisconsin 7,770,233 2,388,843 10,277,161 100 000 Mississippi Louisiana Texas Minnesota 250,000 Tennessee 16,fi43,6'>t> A POLITICAL HAND-BOOK. 127 CANDIDATES FOB, PRESIDENT AND VICE-PRESIDENT Since the adoption of the Federal Constitution, March 1st, 17S9. The following is a lie Clinton, beat- ing Charles ('. Pinckney* and Rufus King. 1809 James Madison* and George Clinton, beating Charles C. Pin. kney.* 1813 James Madison* and Eldridge Gerry, beat- ing De Witt Clinton. 1817 James Monroe* and Daniel D. Tompkins, beating Kufus King. 1821 Jurnes Monroe* and Daniel D. Tompkins, beating John Quincy Adams. 1825 John Quincy Adams and John C. Calhoun,* beating Andrew Jackson,* Henry Cla. * and William H. Crawford.* there being four car dilates for Presi- dent, and Albert Gallatm for Viue-Preoidenf. 1829 Andrew Jackson* and John C. Calhoun,* beating John Quiucy Adams and Richard Rush. 1833 Andrew Jackson* and Martin Van Buren, beating Henry Clay,* John Floyd* and William Wirt for President, and William Wiikins, John Sergeant and Henry Lee* for Vice-President. 1837 Martin Van Buren and Richard BT. John- eon,* beating William H. Harrison, Hugh L. \Vliite and Daniel Webster for President, and John Tjlei* for Vice-1'resldent. 1841 William H. Harrison and John Tyler,* beat- ing Martin Van Buren and Littleton W. Tazewell * Harrison died one month after his inauguration, and *Candidates from Southern States. J 'hn Tyler* became President for the rest of the term. 1845 James K. Polk* and George M. Dallas, beat- ing Henry Clay* and Theodore Frelinghuyken. 1849 Zachary Tayloi* and Millard Fillmore, beat- ing Lewis Cass and JMai tin Van Buren for President, and William 0. Butler* and C. F. Adams for Vice- President. 1853 Franklin Pierce and William R. King,* beat- ing Winfleld Scott and William A. Graham * 1857 James Buchanan and John C. Breckinridge.* beating John C. Fremont and Milbird Fillmore for President, and William L. Dayton and A. J Donald- son* for Vice-President. 1861 Abraham Lincoln and Hannibal Ham' in, beating John Bell, Stephen A. Douglas and J. C. BieckinridgB* fur President. 1865 Abraham Lincoln and Andrew Johnon,* Union candidates, beating G. B. McClellan and U. H. Pemll ton. Mr. Lincoln assassinated April 14, 1805, and succeeded by Andrew Johnson, 18*9 Ulysses S. Grj 4 4 S S 5 S 5 5 io a a 1(1 6 B f. 3 4 11 21 18 11 B 12 8 7 8 IS 11 5 8 15 3 3 5 9 35 Id 22 3 29 4 7 IS B 5 li 5 Id 12 7 8 3 G 3 4 12 22 15 13 B 18 8 1 8 14 13 7 9 16 5 3 4 B 3'-, 11 23 3 30 4 9 12 Hi 4 12 11 California Colorado 8 B I SI 3 y s i i B 3 9 4 si 4 9 4 B a 8 3 B a 8 3 K 3 6 B 6 3 3 Id 9 12 4 6 3 3 10 11 13 4 a 3 3 in 11 18 4 6 8 8 in 11 13 4 6 3 a 9 If. 13 B 3 11 7 12 t i 11 a a a a 16 13 B S 11 7 7 7 12 8 4 7 11 8 3 5 7 83 g 21 3 2fi 4 6 10 6 5 10 5 S r. a 4 11 21 15 11 B 12 8 7 8 18 11 5 8 15 8 8 B g S5 10 22 8 2'.i 4 12 1 11 10 Delaware Florida Georgia 5 4 i 4 6 (i B b b 8 :; 9 3 5 '.) 3 5 11 5 9 11 B 9 11 f> 9 in 9 ia 3 Kentucky 4 4 4 8 8 ia 3 12 8 12 3 1 11 15 M B t 1! IS 14 5 9 11 If 15 5 111 10 11 15 5 lii 10 14 3 15 B Id in M 8 12 6 9 f 1? 5 is r, 9 8 12 5 12 6 8 S 13 6 12 6 8 8 U 6 12 6 8 8 18 6 4 9 ( li I H K Ifi H 1C 11 l!i 11 U 11 22 11 22 Massachusetts Michigan Minnesot Mississippi 3 3 S 3 8 8 4 4 4 4 4 4 6 6 7 7 9 7 a Nebraska Nevada 8 a 33 9 21 8 2f 4 6 10 6 5 10 5 8 6 b 1-1 ia i 7 1! 19 1 12 12 S 1! 14 1 II 14 a E s 2S IB 8 8 S 29 15 8 8 2'J 19 8 f 8f 15 16 a B 81 Ifi ie 7 8 42 IB 21 | 42 IB 21 i B 4 15 21 6 Be n a 6 7 86 1! 23 5 7 35 11 23 5 7 35 10 as B 35 ll 23 a 2: 4 8 12 4 15 New Jersey North Carolina Ohio Oregon Pennsylvania H g 1; 4 & 4 S 3 it 4 8 C a 4 K it 4 K 25 4 11 8 2f. 4 11 b 28 4 11 K 28 4 U 11 is i n n 31 4 li 15 3i 4 11 15 8> 4 11 15 2t 4 '.I 13 ft 4 I It 4 C IT 27 4 8 13 4 5 15 27 4 8 U 4 -, jj Rhode Island South Carolina Tennessee Texa 4 2 4 21 4 21 ( M 6 21 a K 8 25 21 21 7 aa 7 2!! '23 17 Virginia is West Virginia Wisconsin 4 S 5 S Total.... *71 13 180 I! IK u 13S 11 171 17 17f n 21 s i- 221 11 288 24 261 24 281 21 js- 21 204 2f- 2'.' I 26 ; 2<; 29, 31 ;:< 81 3M n 908 33 314 30 817 37 36fi 37 3l 88 4U1 3* Nunil'er of States *Only 10 States voted, and 69 Electoral votes cast for Washington. 128 THE PRESIDENTIAL FAVORITES. CABINET OFFICERS OF THE ADMINISTRATIONS. GEORGE WASHINGTON, President I. and II. ; 1780-1797. JOHN ADAMS. President III. ; 1797-1801 of Coi dart, Mass., THOMAS JEFFEBSON, President IV. and V. ; 1801-1S09. Secretary of State, James Madison, Va., March 5th, 1801. Secretary of Treasury, Samuel Dexter continued ; Albert Gallatiu, Pa., May 14th, 18ul. Secretary of War, Henry Dearborn, Mass March 5th, 1801. Secretary of Navy, Benjamin Stoddart, continued ; Bobert Smith, Md., July 15th 1 <01 -Jacob Crowninshield, Mass., May 3d, 1-05. Attorney General, Levi Lincoln, Mass March 5th 1801; Bobert Smith, Md., March 3d, 1805 ; John Breckinridge, Ky., Aug. 7, 18i)o ; 'bsesar A. Bodney. Pa,, Jan. 2oth, lor. Postmaster General, Joseph Habersham, con- tinued; Gideon Granger, Conn., Nov. 28th, 1801. JAMES MADISON, President VL and VII. ; 1809-1817. Secre A J. ~ , , -. . WilliaoTEustis, Mass., March'7th, 1800 ; John Armstrong, N. Y., Jan. 13th, 1813 ; Jarne's Mon- roe Va., Sept. 27th, 1814; William H. Crawford, Ga.. Aug. 1st, 1*15. Secretary of Navy, Paul Hamilton, S. C., March 7th, 1809 ; William Jones, Pa., Jan. 12, 1813 ; B. W. Crpwninshield, Mass., Dec. liith," 1814, Attorney General, C. A. Rodney, continued ; William Pinckney, Md., Dec. llth, l811;Bichard Bush, Pa., Feb. 10th, 1814. Postmaster General, Gideon Granger, continued; Beturn J. Meigs, O., March 17, 18U. JAMES MONROE, President VIH. and IX. ; 1817-1825. Secretary of State, John Quincy Adams, Mass , March 5th, 1817. Secretary of Treasury, Will- iam H. Crawford, continued. Secretary of War, George Graham, Va., April 7th, 1S17 ; John C. Calhoun, S. C., October 8th, 1817. Secretary of Navy, B W. Crowninshield, continued ; Smith Thompson, N. Y., Nov. 9th, 1818 ; John Bogers, Mass., Sept. 1st, 1823 ; Samuel L. Southard, N. J., Sept. 10th, 1823. Attorney General, Bichard Bush, continued ; William Wirt, Va., Nov. 13th, 1817. Postmaster General, B. J. Meigs, continued ; John McLean, O., June 26th, 1823. JOHN QUINCY ADAMS, President-X. ; 1825-1829. Secretary of State, Henry Clay, Ky , March 7th, 1825. Secretary of Treasury, Bichard Bush, Pa., March 7th, 1825. Secretary of War, Jamea Barbour, Va., March 7th, 1825 ; Peter B. Porter, N. Y., May 26th, 1828. Secretary of Navy, S. L. Southard, continued. Attorney General, Will- iam Wirt, continued. Postmaster General, John McLean, continued. ANDBEW JACKSON, President XL and XII. ; 1829-1837. Secretary of State, Martin VanBuren, N. Y., March 6th, 1820; 'Edward Livingston, La., May 24th, 1831 ; Louis McLane, Del , May 29th, 1833 ; John Forsyth, Ga., June 27th, 18i4. Secretary of Treasury, Samuel D. Ingham, Pa., March 6th, 1829; Louis McLane, Del., Aug. 8th, 1831; William J. Duane, Pa., May 29th, 1833 ; Boger B. Taney, Md., Sept. 23d, 18 3 ; Levi Woodbury, N. H., June 27th, 1834. Secretary of War, John H. Eaton, Term., March 9th, 1829 ; Lewis Cass, Mich., Aug. 1st, 1831; Benjamin F. Butler, N. Y., March 3d, 1837. Secretary of Navy, John Branch, N. C., March 9th, 1829 ; Levi Woodbury, N. H., May 23d, 1831 ; Mahlon Dickerson, N. J., June 30th, 1834. Attorney General, John M. Berrien, Ga., March 9th, 1829 ; Boger B. Taney, Md., July 2Uth, 1831 ; Benjamin F. Butler, N. Y., Nov. if.th, 1833. Postmaster General, William T. Barry, Ky., March 9th, 1829 ; Amos Kendall, Ky., May 1st, 1835. MABTIN VAN BUBEN, President- Xiii. ; 1837-1841. Secretary of State, John Forsyth, continued. Secretary of Treasury, Levi Woodbury, con- tinued. Secretary of War, Joel B. Poinsett, S. C., March 7th, 1*37. Secretary of Navy, Mahlon Dickerson, continued ; James K. Paulding, N. Y., June 25th, 1838. Attorney General, Benjamin F.Butler; Felix Grundy, Tenn., July 5th, 1838; Henry D Gilpin, Pa., Jan. llth, 1840. Post- master General, Amos Kendall, continued ; John M. Niles, Conn., May 19th, 1810. WM. H. HARBISON AND JOHN TTLEB, Presidents XIV. ; 1841-1845. Secretary of State, Daniel Webster, Mass., March 5th, 1841 ; Hugh S. Legarc, S. C., May 9th, 1843 ; A. P. Upshur, Va., July 24th, 1843 ; John C. Calhoun, S. C., March (ith, Ij44. Secretary of Treasury, Thomas Ewing, O., March 5th, 1841 ; Walter Forward, Pa., Sept. 1 ith, 1841 ; John C. Spencer, N. Y., March 3d, 184i ; George M. Bibb, Ky., June 15th, lt-44. Secretary of War, John Bell, Tenn., March 5th, 1841 ; John McLean, O., Sept. 13th, 1*41 ; John C. Spencer, N. Y., Oct. 12th, 1841 ; James M. Porter, Pa., March 8th, 1843 ; William Wilkins, Pa., Feb. isth, 1844. Sec- retary of Navy, G. E. Badger, N. C., March 5th, 1841 ; A. P. Upshur, Va., Sept. 13th, 1841 ; David *NTot a Cabinet officer, but a subordinate of the Treasury Department until 1829. t Naval affaii s were under the control of the Secretary of War until a separate Navy Department was organized by act of April 30th, 1798. The acts organizing the other departments were of the following : Stale, September 15th, 1789 ; Treatury, September 2d, 17X9 ; War, August 7th, 1789. The Attorney General s duties were regulated by the Judiciary Act of September 24th, 1789. A POLITICAL HAND-BOOK. 129 Henshaw, Mass., July 24th, 1S43 ; T. W. Gilmer, Va., Feb. 15th, 1841; John Y. Mason, Va., March Uth, 1844. Attorney General, John J. Crittenden, Ky., March 5th, 18U ; Hugh 8. Legare, 8. C., Sept 13th, 1841 ; John Nelson, Md., July 1st, 1*43. Postmaster General, Francis Granger, N. Y., March Oth, 1841 ; Charles A. Wickliffe, Ky., Sept. 13th, Ia41. JAMES K. POLK, President XV.* 1845-1849. Secretary of State, James Buchanan, Pa., March Gth, 1H5. Secretary of Treasury, Robert J. Walker, Miss., March 6th, 1^46. Secretary of War, William L. Marcy, N. Y., March tith, 1845. Secretary of Navy, George Bancroft, Mass., March icth, 145 ; John Y. Mason, Sept. 9th, 1846. Attorney General John Y. Mason, Va., March 5th, 1845 ; Nathan Clifford, Me., Oct. 17th, 1846. Postmaster Genera Cavt Johnson, Teun., March Oth, 1845. ZACBABY T^YLOB AND MILLABU FILLMOBE, Presidents XVI. ; 1S49-1853. Secretary of State John M. Clayton, Del., March 7th, 1819 ; Daniel Webster, Mass., July 22d, 18oo; Edward Everett, Mass., Dec. Oth, 1852. Secretary of Treasury, W. M. Meredith, Pa., March 8th, 1849 ; Thomas Corwiu, Ohio, July 23d, IK 50. Secretary of War, George W. Crawford, Ga., March 8th, 1849 ; Winfield Scott (ad interim), July 23d, 1850; Charles M. Conrad, La., Aug. 15th, is:.o. Secretary of Navy_, William B. Preston, Va., March 8th, 1849 ; William A. Graham. N. C., July 22d, l>"Mi; J. P.Kennedy, Md.,July 22d, 1852. Secretary of Interior, Thonias H, Ewing, Ohio, March th, 1849 ; A. H. H. Stuart, Va., Sept. 12th, 1850. Attorney General, Beverdy Johnson, Md., March 8th, 1849 ; John J. Crittenden, Ky., July 22d, ls5o. Postmaster General, Jacob Collarner, Vt , March 8th, 1849 ; Nathan K. Hall, N. Y., July 23d, 1850 ; S. D. Hubbard, Conn., Aug. 31st, 1852. FBANKLIN PIEBCE, President XVH. ; 1853-1857. Secretary of State, William L. Marcy, N. Y., March 7th, 1853. Secretary of Treasury, James Guthrie, Ky., March 7th, 1853. Secretary of War, Jefferson Davis, Miss., March 7th, 1853. Sec- retary of Navy, Jamea C. Dobbin, N. C. , March 7th, 1853. Secretary of Interior, Robert McClel- land, Mich., March 7th, 1S53; Jacob Thompson, Miss., March 6, 1^rr , Indiana Samuel J.Randall Penna.,2d Sess Ohio '."".'. Kentucky 11 Warren B. Keifer John G. Carlisle Table Exhibiting: by States the Aggregate Troops Called for by the President and Furnished to the Union Army from April 15, 1861, to Close of "War of Rebellion. STATES AND TERBITOBIES. Aggregate. Aggregate reduced to a 3 years' standard. Quota. Men fur- nished. Paid com- mutation. Total. Maine 73,587 35,897 32,074 139,095 18,898 44,797 507,148 92,820 385,369 13,935 70,965 34,463 13,973 306,322 199,788 244,496 70,107 33,937 33,288 146,730 23,236 55,664 448,850 76,814 337,936 12,284 46,638 32,068 16,534 313,180 196,368 259,092 2,007 692 1,974 6,318 463 1,515 18,197 4,196 28,171 1,386 3,678 72,114 34,629 U5,-2<;2 152,048 2cf,099 57,379 467,047 81,010 366,107 13,670 60,316 32,008 16,872 319,6:9 197,147 259,147 66,776 30,849 29,068 124,104 17,866 60,623 892,270 67,908 265,517 10,322 41,275 27,714 11,506 240,514 153,576 214,133 New Hampshire Vermont Massachusetts Ehode Island Connecticut New York New Jersey Pennsylvania Delaware Maryland West Virginia District of Columbia 338 6,479 784 55 Ohio Indiana Illinois A POLITICAL HAND-BOOK. 131 Table Exhibiting 1 the Aggregate Troops Called for by the President. Continued. STATES AM> TERBITOIUES. Aggregate. Aggregate reduced to a 3 years' standard. Quota. Men far- nished. Paid com- mutation. Total. 95,007 109,080 26,326 79,521 122,496 100,782 12,931 1,500 7SO 1,500 87,364 91,31:7 24,020 76,242 109,111 75.7CO 20,149 31,092 8,289 3,156 15,725 2,008 .1,097 1,032 67 89,372 96,424 25,052 76,309 109,111 79,025 20,151 31,092 8,289 3,156 15,725 1,080 1,810 964 3,157 4,903 205 6,561 2,576 1,290 5,224 545 1,965 3,530 93,441 80,111 79,260 10,693 68,630 86,530 70,832 18,706 26,394 7,836 3,156 15,725 1,080 1,773 964 2,175 3,697 206 4,432 1,611 1,290 4,634 545 1,632 3,530 91,789 3,265 2 Tennessee Nevada .. 1,080 1,810 961 3,157 4,903 206 6,561 2,576 1,290 ^Louisiana 5,224 545 1,965 3,530 93,441 Total 2,763,670 2,772,408 86,724 2,859,132 2,320,272 * Colored troops organized at various stations in the States in rebellion, embracing all not specifically credited to States, and -which cannot be assigned. ADJUTANT GKNEBAX/S OFFICE Washington, Nov. 9, 18SO. STATEMENT SHOWING THE EXPENDITURES, As far as ascertained, necessarily growing out of the War of the Rebellion, from July 1, 1S61, to June 3D, I87(i, inclusive. APPROPRIATION. Gross Expenditure. Expenditure other than for the war. Expenditure growing out of the war. $ 51,522,730 77 $ 51/22,730 77 59,738,167 73 1,764,256,198 45 42,539,257 87 4,964,634 68 9,315,753 19 371,321 82 295,878 64 1,929,819 00 244,815 40 253,231 VI 5,225,788 05 12,619,262 79 23,833,271 97 112,803,841 31 2,207,485 61 381,417,548 58 299,481,917 63 85,342,733 63 336,793,885 56 3,025,219 66 345,543,880 20 126,672,423 24 31,070,846 59 448,731 45 78,0. e 4,729 47 1,041,102,702 68 886,305 41 14,386,778 29 6,126,952 65 844,150 55 4,824,877 68 38,522,046 20 31,760,345 95 69,998,780 6/ Premiums 59,738,167 7J 1,809,301,485 19 99,690,808 31 5,516,260 75 9,315,753 19 371,321 82 295,878 54 1,929,819 00 244,815 40 253,231 i: 7,095,968 Do 15,331,956 5S 33,944,017 67 112,80J,841 31 2,664,199 82 420,041,0*7 75 3)7,518,966 61 H '1,528,573 37 407,463,324 81 4,626,219 66 350,651,466 31 130,990,762 95 49,872,669 4:i 487.H81 45 184,472,721 26 1,041,102,702 58 886,305 41 14,386,778 2y 6,126,952 65 Interest on public debt $ 15,04i,2t6 74 67,151/150 14 551,626 07 Expenses of collecting revenue from customs Judgment of Court of Claims Payments of judgments Court of Alabama Claims. Salaries and expenses of Southern Claims Com'n... Salaries and expenses of Am. and Brit. Claims Com Award to British claimants Tribunal of arbitration atGeneva Salaries and expenses of Alabama Claims Com'n... Salaries and contingent expenses of Pension Office. Salaries and contingent expenses of War Dept. Salaries and contingent expenses of Ex. Dept. (ex- clusive of Pension Office and War Dept.) 1,S70,180 00 2,712,693 79 10,110,745 70 456J14 21 38,623,489 17 68.C37.048 95 16,185,839 74 70,669,439 25 1,61)1,000 00 11,107,586 11 4,318,339 51 18,801,822 8! 39,150 00 106,388,991 79 Expenses of assessing and collecting internal rev... Miscellaneous accounts Subsistence of the army Quartermaster's Department Incidental expenses of Quartermaster's Dept Transportation nf tVifi nrmy .,-.,., ,,,,,, Transportation of officers and their baggage Clothing of the army Purchase of horses for cavalry and artillery Barracks, quarters, etc Heating and cooking stoves Pay, mileage, general expenses, etc., of the army- Pay of two and three years' volunteers Pay of three months' volunteers Pay, etc., of one hundred days' volunteers.. Pay of militia and volunteers ... Pay, etc., to officers and men in Dept. of Missouri.. Pay and supplies of one hundred days' volunteers- Bounty to volunteers and regulars on enlistment... Bounty to volunteers, their widows and legal heirs. Additional bounty act of July 28, 1866 844,ir,0 6r. 4,824,877 68 38,522,046 20 31,760,345 9o 69,998,786 71 132 THE PRESIDENTIAL FA VO 'RITES. STATEMENT SHOWING THE EXPENDITURES. [Continued.] APPROPBJATTON. Gross Expenditure. Expenditure other than for the war. Expenditure growing out of the war. Collection and payment of bounty, etc., to colored 8 268,158 11 9,635,512 85 597,178 30 31,297,242 60 9 268,158 11 9,635,512 85 597,178 30 31,297,242 60. 90,152 OO 296,097 28 l,2i.7,966 35 9,713,N7:i 13 45,108,770 36- 190,048 32 55,000 00 2,232,785 12 Beimbursing States for moneys expended for pay- ment of military service of the United States Defraying expenses of minute-men and volunteers in Penu., Maryland, Ohio, Indiana and Kentucky.. Befunding to States expenses incurred on account Beimbursernents to Baltimore for aid in construc- 96,162 Oo 296,097 28 2,M>8, 6,127,228 21 Purchaso ol arms for volunteers and regulars Traveling expenses First Michigan Cavalry and Secret Service 681,587 42 172,568 15 29,890 00 8,546,181 76 170,998 98 3,291,835 14 1,088,406 83 5,000 00 5,000 00 100,000 00 1,015 45 437.744,192 80 2,500,085 80 5,244,684 32 7,659,411 60 20,887,7.16 9fi 1,370,73d 42 i!22,260,7!l 3,239,314 18 1,649,596 57 2!,091,666 57 1,413,701 76 Books of Tactics Medals of Honor Support of Nat. Home for disabled volunteer soldiers Publication of official records of war of the rebellion Contingencies of the Armyand Adj't Genl's Dep't... Payments under special acts of relief 505,136 39 Expenses of Court of Inquiry in 18C8 and 1869 United States Police for Baltimore Preparing register of volunteers Army pensions 30,315,000 00 Telegraph for military purposes Maintenance of gun boat fleet proper Keeping, transport'g and supplying prisoners of war Permanentfortsandfortifications ; surveys for mili- tary defenses; contingencies of fortifications; plat- form for cannon of large calibre, etc., from 186i-U8.. Construction and maintenance of steam rams Signal Service 7,483,765 87 "**78,'iTsf23 Gunboats on the Western rivers Supplying, transporting and delivering arms and munitions of war to loyal citizens in States in rebel- lion against the Governmentof the United States. Collecting, organizing and drilling volunteers Bridge-trains and equipage * Tool and siege trains 702,250 00 912,283 01 320,636 62 4,162,848 39 88,000 00 57,00000 1,080,185 5! 22,749 49 97,031 62 5,500 OC 11,454,237 3i 850,220 91 94,223 11 4,170,304 54 125,000 (K o,842 4 Completing the defenses of Washington Com'tionsof rations to pris'ers of war in rebel States National cemeteries Purchase of Ford's Theatre Temporary relief to destitute people in Dist. of Col. Headstones, erection of headstones, pay of Sup'ts, andmovingtheremainsof officers to nat. cemet's. State of Tennessee for, keeping and maintaining United States military prisoners Capture of Jeff. Davis Bemoving wreck of gunboat Oregon in Chefunct Biver, Louisiana Support of Bureau of Befugees and Freedmen Claims for quartermaster's stores and com. supplies Miscellaneous claims audited by Third Auditor Claims of loyal citizens for supplies furnished dur- ing the rebellion 47,112 11 Payment for use of Corcoran Art Gallery Expenses of sales of stores and material . . A POLITICAL HAND-BOOK. 133 STATEMENT SHOWING THE EXPENDITTJRES.-[Continued.] APPROPRIATION. Gross Expenditure. Expenditure other than for the war. Expenditure growing out o* the war. Transportation of insane volunteer soldiers 4,281)724 91 500 00 683,748 12 144,549,073 96 32,771,931 16 2,709,491 98 170,007,781 25 25,174,614 63 38,063,357 67 2,178,769 74 33,638,156 69 19,952,754 30 2,836,916 6'J 49,297,318 57 2,526,247 TO 875,452 34 753,822 13 lfi.726,906 00 2,640,440 87 652,049 89 8,123,766 21 2,614,044 77 7,540,043 00 2,821,530 10 271,309 28 389,025 33 $ 1,000 00 4,281,724 91 500 00 683,748 12 74,462,304 34 16,368,623 82 1,594,790 98 134,178,096 65 25,174,614 63 31,422,094 37 1.137.744 06 30,300,302 07 11,340,232 68 898,252 27 49,297,318 57 2,526,247 00 499,662 94 404,531 65 7,757,615 18 1,862,132 01 586,655 89 8,123,766 21 2,614,044 77 6,590,043 00 2,821,530 10 271,309 28 389,025 33 Horses and other property lost in military service- Purchase of cemetery grounds near Columbus, Ohio Fortifications on the Northern Frontier Pay of the Navy 70,086,769 62 16,403,307 34 1,114,701 00 35,829,6*4 80 6,641,^63 30 241,025 68 3,337,854 62 8,612,521 68 1,938,664 42 Provisions of the Navy Clothing of the Navy Construction and repair Equipment of vessels Yards and docks Fuel for the Navy Steam machinery.. Navigation 375,789 40 349,290 48 8,969,290 82 778,308 86 65,394 00 Magazines Marine corps, pay, clothing, etc Naval Asylum, Philadelphia Temporary increase of the Navy Miscellaneous appropriations 950,000 00 Bounties to seamen Indemnity for lost clothing ". Total expenditures S6,844,571,431 03 8 654.641.S22 45 86,189,929,908 68 NOTE Only the appropriations from which war expenditures were made are included in the above. NATIONAL DEBTS, EXPENDITURE AND COMMERCE, PER CAPITA. COUNTKY. Debt per head. Annual Expenditure per head. Annual Import i per head. Annual Exports per head. $ 39 07 8 12 04 8 20 31 8 25 66 Austria-Hungary , 5 73 1 63 7 19 5 70 Austria proper 65 26 9 29 Hungary proper 17 68 7 53 Belgium 48 08 10 13 53 41 46 06 10 04 2 58 3 30 2 08 Brazil 36 43 6 70 8 71 10 31 Canada 31 16 6 69 25 87 24 04 Chili 24 49 10 66 18 21 17 95 Colombia 5 22 94 2 35 3 38 Denmark 27 19 6 83 26 31 17 95 Ecuador 20 20 24 36 8 77 4 51 Egypt ... . 85 82 10 42 5 52 12 94 France 127 23 14 07 24 17 26 05 German Empire 70 3 15 21 64 14 21 Prussia 10 65 6 33 Great Britain and Ireland... 114 62 12 35 59 11 40 59 Greece 27 50 5 35 16 49 10 30 3 01 1 42 93 1 48 Italy 71 94 10 12 9 67 8 85 Mexico 42 63 2 68 3 13 3 41 Netherlands 101 21 11 37 71 27 67 70 Norway 7 48 5 91 28 77 18 77 54 72 3 39 2 55 2 74 Peru.. 79 82 12 62 It 02 Portugal 96 84 6 70 8 60 5 97 11 82 3 85 3 19 5 60 Russia 26 33 4 83 4 22 3 23 3 61 1 43 4 58 4 06 142 71 7 83 3 96 4 48 Sweden 8 86 4 93 19 39 14 11 2 25 3 08 31 70 4 38 2 23 1 59 52 56 6 13 12 64 15 40 98 00 15 23 49 25 38 09 Venezuela 31 11 2 04 6 72 9 52 134 THE PRESIDENTIAL FA VO RITES. STATEMENT, Showing the Average Weekly Bates of Wages in the several Countries, compiled from the Consular Beports and compared with Kates prevailing in the United States. OCCUPATION. m 2 H 'S $ a France s| a >, "3 fi is so 1 80 1 55 60 3 45 4 18 3 95 _a '3 & CQ United Kingdom. United States. Engl'd Irel'd Scotl'd. N. York Chic'go Men, without board or lodging. *a io 1 30 1 10 *2 87 1 48 1 08 75 3 60 4 00 3 65 js'iii 4 88 $3 60 2 00 1 80 1 15 8 12 8 25 7 25 8 15 7 25 8 70 7 76 7 90 $3 40 1 30 2 16 75 7 58 7 33 7 95 7 58 7 64 7 68 8 46 $ 425 150-24M 1 80-3 25 60-100 963 812 840 82i 816 1013 713 830 660 704 650 6 90 475 848 610 7 10 625 8 75 700 750 752 615 633 735 7 00 600 450 870 496 409 612 519 444 427 Women, without bo'rd and Id'M Women, with board and lod'ng. Bricklayers n oo 5 40 5 40 H"-2a 4 00 5 42 $12toji5 9 to 12 10 to 14 12 to 18 10 to 16 10tol5 I2tol8 10 to 15 5to 8 10 to 14 12 to 18 10 to 14 8 to 12 9 to 13 12 to 16 ]2tol6 10 to 13 15 to 25 12 to IS 10 to 15 8 to 18 12tolo 12 to 18 12 to 18 10 to 18 10 to 14 6to 9 SntoSio 7 to 12 10 to 12 12 to 15 6 to 12 9 to 15 12 to 20 12 to 18 8to 12 9 to 12 9 to 20 8 to 15 12 to 18 7 to 15 6 to 15 15 to 20 15 to 20 9 to 30 15 to 25 12 to 20 12 to 18 6 to 12 12 to 15 9 to 18 6 to 18 9 to 12 5 to 6 6 00 4 20 6 40 4 45 4 15 5 00 4 90 4 30 3 92 3 80 3 60 4 00 3 50 3 55 3 82 3 20 3 85 3 97 3 30 3 30 4 Od 4 00 3 25 3 30 4 80 3 60 3 30 3 12 3 58 3 65 2 92 8 35 3 30 3 22 3 52 3 41 2 60 3 10 4 00 4 60 4 35 3 90 3 90 3 90 3 94 3 90 5 49 4 20 4 95 4 35 3 90 3 90 400 3 50 4 95 3 90 3 90 3 90 4 32 4 30 3 60 2 6n 9 50 4 50 4 80 T'20 Plumbers 6 00 5 60 4 40 4 40 4 2:1 3 90 3 72 4 20 5 55 5 45 4 85 6 40 4 65 3 CO 6 50 8 12 7 S3 7 4i) 4 50 4 80 4 50 5 42 6 00 7 00 7 23 4 20 4 95 7 70 7 30 7 40 4 in 3 85 3 85 4 63 8 00 9 72 3 85 4 00 5 40 7 20 7 50 7 75 4 62 3 85 4 85 4 70 6 00 Saddlers and harness-makers. 4 80 6 80 7 30 3 30 4 10 3 90 4 75 5 10 4 40 3 no 3 9(1 3 90 3 00 7 35 $5-7 30 7 30 5 00 9 12 6 00 5 50 5 60 5 6 The House of Representatives, March 3, 1881 yeas 136, nays 123 adopted 319 as the number of Representatives ; but the bill was amended to fix the number at 325, and this met the approval of the Senate, and is now the law. 136 THE PRESIDENTIAL FA VO RITES. LENGTH OF SESSIONS OF CONGRESS, 1789-1883. No of No of No. of Xo. Con- Ses- Time of Session. Con- Bee gress. sion. gress. i-ioi fl...March 4, 1789 September 2f>, 1789 1st X 2.. .January 4, 1790 August 12, 1790 1 3...December 6, 1790 March 3, 1791 i 20th J 1...] 2...] 1... 01 fl... October 24, 1791 May 8, 1792 27th - 2...J "* 1 2. ..November 5, 1792 March 2, 1793 3...] fl... December 2, 17'J3 June 9, 1794 28th -j 1 -- 1 \ 2. ..November 3,1794 March 3, 1795 a..j ... ) 1... December 7, 1795 June 1, 1796 29th l... 1 2. ..December 5, 1796 March 3, 1797 i... (l.-May !*, 1797 July 5th -I 2. ..November 13, 1797 July 10, 1797 16, 1798 30th i.V" (:j... December 3, 1798 March 3, 1799 31st t...j -., ( 1 ...December 2, 1799 May 14, 1800 2 6tn 1 2. ..November 17, 1800 March r .. i l...December 7, 1801 May 3, 1801 3, 1802 32d I... 2...: lln ) 2. ..December 6, 1802 -March 3, 1803 33d i... ., j 1... October 17, 1803 March 2s 1804 i... n \ 2. ..November 5, 1804 March 3, 1805 i.j .. j 1... December 2, 1805 April . 21, 1806 34th - ',.., a } 2...Decembe 1, 1806 March 3, 1807 3... .. j I- October 26, 1807 April n | 2... November 7, 1808 March 25, 1808 3, 1809 35th 1... >... ( L.'.May 22, 1809 June 28, 1809 , I... llth < 2. ..November tf, 1809-May 1, 1810 ' | 3. ..December 3, 1810 March 3, 1811 i'.'.'. i9i fl-November 4, 1811 July 6, 1812 37th - a... ( 2. ..November 2, 1812 March 3, 1813 .i... I l...May 24, 1813 August 2, 1813 ,. i... 13th < 2... December 6, 1813 April IN, 1814 2... | 3. ..September^, 1814 March 3, 1815 39th 1... iifh J 1 -..December 4, 1815 April 30, 1816 2... n 1 2. ..December 2, 1816 March 3, 1817 1... i-tvi J 1- -December 1,1817 April 20, 1818 1 ... " j 2. ..November 16, 1818 March 3, 1819 40th 1-] irfv, t l December 6, 1819 May 15, 1820 2... n ) 2. ..November 13, 1>20 March 3, 1821 3... ,,., j 1... December 3, 1821 May 8, 1822 1... n 1 2. ..December 2, 18/2 March 3, 1823 41st o is+v, / 1... December 1, 1823-May 27, 1824 t... n Vs... December 6, 1824 March 3, 1825 I... nth j '-"December 5,1825 May 22, 1826 42d < 2... 1 2. ..December 4, 1826 March 3, 1827 3... 2 , th j 1... December 3, 1827 May 20, 1828 -40/a 1... ) 2... December 1, 1828 March 3, 1829 Ml 2... , t j 1... December 7, 1829 May J2. ..December 6, 1830 March 31, 1830 3, 1831 llth 1... 2... oo d J 1... December 6, 1831 July 1(5, 1832 I... | 2. ..December 3, 1832 March 3, 1833 45th i j oj, Jl... December 2, 1833 June 30, 1834 a." 1 2. ..December 1, 1834 March 3, 1835 i... 24th -1 I December 7, 1835 July 4, 1836 46th - 2... j 2. ..December 5, 1*36 March 3, 1837 a... 1 1... September 4, 1837 October 16, 1837 i... 20th 4 2. ..December 4, 1837 July 9, 1838 47th 2... ( 3. ..December :i, 1S38 March 3, 1839 4sth 1 Time of Session. December 2, 1839- July 21,1840 2. ..December 7, 1840 March 3, 1841 31, 1841 September I", 1841 2. ..December 6, 1841 August 31,1842 3. ..December 5, 1842 March 3, 1843 i 1... December 4, 1843 June 17,1844 |2-December 2, 1844 March 3,1845 1 1... December 1, 1845 August 10, 1846 | 2. ..December 7, 1846 March 3, 1847 1... December 6, 1847 August 14, 1848 2. ..December 4, 1848 March 3, 1849 [...December 3, 1849 September 30, 1850 2. ..December 2, 1850 March 3, 1851 1... December 1, 1851 August 31,1852 2. ..December 6, 1852 March 3, 1853 1... December 2, 1853 August 7, 1854 ^...December 4, 1854 March 3, 1855 1... December f>, 1855 August 18, 1856 3t 21, lS. r .6 August 30, 1856 3. .. December 1, 18:6 March 3,1857 1... December 7, 1857 June 14, 1858 December 6, 1858 March 3, 1*59 ("l... December 5, 1.-59 June 25, 18CO "i 2. ..December 3, 1860 March 4, 1861 July 4, IhOl August H, 1861 -' 2. ..December 2, 161 July 17, 1862 ( .{...December 1, 1862 March 4, 1863 J 1... December 7, 1863 July 4, 1864 (2. ..December 5,1864 March 4,1805 1... December 4, 1805 July 28,1868 December 3, 1S66 March 4, 18*7 "i 4, 1-67 March 3o, 1807 July 3, 1807-^July 20, 1867 November21, 1867 December 2,1867 2. ..December 2, 1867- July 27,1808 3. ..December 7, 1868 March 4, 1809 a 4, H69 April 23, 1869 2. ..December 6, 1809 July 15, 170 ... December 6, 1870 March 4,1871 "l 4, 1*71 April 20, 1871 2. ..December 4, 1871 June 10, 1872 I 3... December 2, 1872 March 4,1873 1... December 1,1873 June 23,1874 2. ..December 7, 1874 March 4, 1875 1... December 6, 1875 August 15,1876 2. ..December 4, 1876 March 4, Iis77 October 15, 1877 December 3, 1877 ^...December 3, 1877 June 20, 1878 3... December 2, 1878 March 4, 1879 March 18, 1879 July 1, 1879 2. .. December 1, 1879 June 16,1880 :!... December 6, 1880 March 4, 1881 December 5, 1881 August 8, 1882 2. ..December 4, 1882 March 4, 1883 .December 5, 1883, in session. CIVIL 'OFFICERS O^ THE UNITED STATES. irumber Employed in the Ssveral Departments of the Government, July 1st, 1882. 'Executive Office 7 congress ...........!!!...!!!!!.....!!.."...!.!!! aso State Department 419 Treasury Department ....."!!......."!.....'.'."]...'.!!.! .12,130 War Department """.... 1*861 Post-Office Department 52',672 Navy Department 'l28 Interior Department 2 813 Department of Justice ..." 2*876 Department of Agriculture '.....'.'.'.'.'.'.'. ' 77 Government Printing Office \ "'. 1168 A POLITICAL HAND-BOOK. 137 THE STATES AND TERRITORIES-WHEN ADMITTED OR ORGANIZED- WITH AREA AND POPULATION. STATES. [First thirteen admitted on ratifying Constitution all others admitted by Acts of Congress \ Date when Admitted. Area in square miles at timo of admission. Population nearest census to date of admission. Population. Tear. December 7, 1787 December 12, 17o7 December 18, 1787 January 2, 1788 January 9, 1788 February 6, 1788 April 28, 1788 May 23, 1788 June 21, 1788 June 25, 1788 July 26, 1788 November 21, 179 May 29, 1790 March 4, 1791 June 1, 1792 June 1, 1796 November 2, 1802 April 30, 1812 December 11, 1816 December 10, 1817 December 3, 1818 December 14, 1819 March 15, 1820 August 19, 1821 June 15, 1836 January 26, 1837 March 3, 1845 December 28, 1846 December 29, 1845 May 29, 1848 September 9, 1850 May 11, 1858 February 14, 1859 January 29, 1861 June 19, 1863 October 31, 1864 March 1, 1867 August 1, 187'i March 3, 1791 2,050 45,215 7,815 59,475 4,990 8,315 12,210 30,570 9,305 42,450 49,170 62,250 1,250 9,565 40,400 42,050 41,060 48,720 36,350 46,810 56,650 62,250 33,040 69,415 53,850 58,915 68,680 56,025 2115,780 56,040 158,360 83,365 96,030 82,080 24,780 110,700 76,855 103,925 60 59,096 434,373 184,139 82,548 237,496 378,787 319,728 249,033 141,885 747,610 340,120 393,751 68,25 85,339 73,077 77,202 41,915 76,556 63,805 75,512 34,620 127,901 298,269 68JB86 52,240 212,267 54,477 81,920 212,592 305,391 92,597 172,023 52,465 107,906 442,014 40,000 60,000 150,000 1790 1790 1790 1790 1790 1790 1790 1790 1790 1790 1790 1790 1790 1791 1792 1796 1802 1812 1816 1817 1818 1820 1820 1821 1836 1840 1845 1846 1850 1860 1850 1860 1859 1860 1870 1864 1867 1876 New Jersey Georgia Virginia New York Khode Island Vermont Kentucky Tennessee Ohio Mississippi Alabama Maine Missouri Michigan Florida Texas Wisconsin Minnesota Oregon West Virginia Nevada Colorado TEKRITOBIES. Dates of Organization. Present area, square miles. Population. Census of Utah September 9, 1850 82,090 143,963 1880 New Mexico September 9, 1850 122,580 119,565 1880 Washington March 2 1853 69,180 75,116 1880 Dakota March 2 1861 149 100 135,177 1880 February 24 1863 113 020 40 440 1880 Idaho March 3 1863 84 800 32,610 1880 Montana May 26 1864 146 080 39,159 1880 Wyoming July 25 1S68 97 890 20,789 1880 Indian 64 690 Alaska Unsurveved Total Number of Troops Called Into Service During the Rebellion.' The various calls of the President for men were as follows : 18613 months' men 75,000 1861 3 years' men 600,000 1862 3 years' men 300,000 1862 9 months' men 300,000 1864 3 years' men, February 500,000 18fi4 3 years' men, March 200,000 18641 years' men, July 500,000 18G4 3 years' men, December 300,000 Total 2,675,000 * These do not include the militia that were brought into service during the various invasions of Lee's armies into Maryland and Pennsylvania. % 138 THE PRESIDENTIAL FA VO RITES. *! i > sT f> .rj" ec-t^ >> tb-g t> ;* > > o o o a o S P o s o o5 o o if g gas ;^_^ oooooooooqpo -43-*343-*343-*343-t>-4J.*3,^43-t.*3 43 r^ 43 43 ^ >i"tjn "tc SiS'S'Sla' m? m mj 3 ^^ 3i ;SP X CO CO CO 00 00 X 00 CO OO CO X X X X X X X X CO X X X X X OC X X C/5 CC X :X CC X X X X X aC X X X X CC CC ' g : a a d o d a a \ * : * * * * : caps * * "*"*"*" *" QOXOCXOOCCOC ;XQOXX'C3t5oOOCCCC " ^ :7 1^ O I-- -^ -^ '-" C ^ *f tD ^i* "" iC tD >66 :6o6oooQOcoccxccaucC'x''QOXQO(X'oooc3C'Ocxx -waaoaaa :a^flo^fla&S > aaqflca :sflaaaaaflB- 3 : 1-5 ^ >-5 '-s 1-5 1-5 >-5 *-; a: >-; S III S^iS !BI j^sis,' 1 |l|il||i 5 MsSs^i s \*x^&# ^i?2lfe : : 2 Hiss SB fi i_l j ^s> la OJ'Z:C3W*'WC3 r ^ siiiliil* 1 fl |a K So ?_H-c5i-Hf--'^S^ ic^ic ?5?o o$o^-^^ CO iC C-I ^^ CO : (N tO* oo" -~* '"'** fegTrs^QSitSSSs (N OS iC ^i^ rt O CO 00 C d C . >-. > A POLITICAL HAND-BOOK. 139 Total _ Plurality Total vote.... 4) X Q 5: = Virginia West Virginia South Carolina Tennessee Texas Vermont If CC S 5 o *> ^ *$ *-* \l o. *7* V v If *> V fe ^ ^% f c c *- <5 CT^ P 3 Q u S f||j o j||s I ! i Georgia Illinois Indiana..*. *Connecticut Delaware Klnriiin 3g ps. E | if STATES. STATE ELECTIONS OF 1883 AND 1882, COMPARED WITH THE PKESIDENTIAL ELECTION OP 1880. i i 1 i i i j | i ; 1 i 1 co to co g"8 tO-J 1 -i to o 10 O 111 M s 2 i : ">- Vt J ; 00 or i : <- to 2 1 1 1883.* * "wo'oo S 5 CO eg | S Ilk i&. o en cc 00 OC -JO5 i > ' 3> to en -J -J O o'cc'to ; : 5 cc > I ft TS i \ s; s V. i 4k 0> O> b * *. S-* s ^ re -JtO i i i ! i 8 : : : "o i : S I ! Q P? S - 1 El 2 -co i I "eel-' o en : cc : "co' S J I S: : * If! hi S CO 1 v fe |g*| 1 Jtog^l r i V KH -1 CC CC in W tC -14* t- *-< I -I CO - C rf K> CO O OC CC i^SjS O)-" Oi tO Ol C O >^-J-4 - - . u 1 M OD 00 f 00 OT o S Si - 8 * P wT w f. -T fc fc ~ :r ^tsS C X ^ CO ' -^ O O ' O ' to 01 c5 o> o! A. co ci c: C CT' CO C Of ii z c _3 ^ r yr cc Ct ~C C' - : c o S 3 l-i'o NO J> CO -T en en s a. -j: i. --"r 1 " M-J -*;tO> . 1 -J O OC gtc _ " cc co co c; os ^- ic ^ ci to c: S 5> ii' -. 1C C O O rf* I j w cc * .-, CO (O O * K> ^ Cn C3 ' * 00 ic ic ic -4 .r - oo o"crV" -* '.n ^ )>-"d to eo D C O oo c; i en CO CO I c - 1 r. 1 - -. ' s - b. - g w tc ~ . en en oo co o e ji "cc i Oft tc c> ^ c; cc ^J" 1 .**, Vi'Vf'c' i K. cc jfc tC CT O *J J^ -r r- M o : ) a s I = : i : : : MM c K 1 III _ 11 M |j M o 1 to 3 col - 0*. . jSj Ji -J-JOO ^k /- 4- toii c- cS o ^ CnS wO O V^ O I -T CO - 1C ? j 4^ X CS i^ O CO c 1-1 en S " OS to op - c -. -- **i M 00 09 * Ifk 5 g llllllil -7 -i I. in -_n tf* *. -i bo : -"_] - X C4 g i" CO C?* ;S^1 -i O O 5 CC X 52 5* j "to 2 S llh "4-coosoor3o-4 CO s| O Co bO K> tc o 000 . -I O CO i ' M 3 OS CS ^ t? C . In Oi CO tO ^ o to 1-1 ~I O 5S So : Hanc'k Dem. -* u J' -I -- _ ;'^Sa n CC i*. ; = S j 7 D 00 -1 s s si i"e; - ~ li CO So co 5>. J en CC .i* ^* jfc y. i * o i-; --T ^ o oo to ^ -*)- J tO -. y> S O 30 *- -O CO - 1C ^ ^ S - Weaver Gbk. 1 a : : : M JjgJ K '2SS to co ^ : K> o> O ; CJ tC O 4k : 8 g *In Connecticut, the vote for Sheriff is taken. In New York, the average vote on four of the five State officers chosen, excluding Secretary of State. In Nebraska, Democratic and Anti- Monopoly vote combined on Judge, j Scattering 1< '0. **Vote of the two Democratic candidates is combined. JThe vote for Chief Judge. ^The Regular and Independent Bepublican vote is- combined, tin these States the vote on Lieutenant-Governor was taken, as being, from special causes, a fairer tost of party strength. In the others the principal State officer was taken. Where State officers were not elected, the Congressional vote was taken. In Georgia, Con- gressmen-at-large was taken. nA- mer i can i ?7 i scattering, 989. 140 THE PRESIDENTIAL FA VORITES. PRINCIPAL COMMITTEES OF THE XLVIIIth CONGRESS. [*Democrats. tBeadjusters, Greeubackers and Independents.] THE SENATE. FINANCE. Mi. Morrill, Vermont. Slierman, Ohio. Jones, Nevada. Allison, Iowa. Aldrich, Bhode Island. Miller, New York. *Bayard, Delaware. *Voorhees, Indiana. *Beck, Kentucky. *McPherBon, New Jersey. *Harris, Tennessee. APPBOPBIATIONS. Mr. Allison, Iowa. Logan, Illinois. Dawes, Massachusetts. Plumb, Kansas. Hale, Maine. *Beck, Kentucky. *Bansom North Carolina. *Cockrell, Missouri. *Call, Florida. JUDICIABY. Mr. Edmunds, Vermont. Logan, Illinois. Ingalls, Kansas. McMillan, Minnesota. Hoar, Massachusetts. *Garland, Arkansas. *Bayard, Delaware. *Lamar, Mississippi. *Pugh, Alabama. COMMEBCE. :Mr. McMillan, Minnesota. J. Jones, Nevada. Conger, Michigan. Frye, Maine. Miller, New York. WAYS AND MEANS. *Mr. Morrison, Illinois. * Mills, Texas. *Blount, Georgia. *Blackburn, Kentucky. *Hewitt, New York. *Herbert, Alabama. *Hurd, Ohio. *Jones, ArKansas. Kelley, Pennsylvania. Kasspn, Iowa. McKinley, Ohio. Hiscock, New York. Bussell, Massachusetts. APPBOPBIATIONS. *Mr. Bandall, Pennsylvania. *Forney, Alabama. *ElliB, Louisiana. *Holman, Indiana. "Hancock, Texas. *Townshend, Illinois. *Hutchins, New York. *Follett, Ohio. *Burnes, Missouri. Keifer, Ohio. Cannon, Illinois. Byan, Kansas. Calkins, Indiana. Horr, Michigan. "Washburn, Minnesota. *Mr. Bansom, North Carolina. *Coke, Texas. *Farley, California. *Vest, Missouri. FOBEIGN BSLATIONS. Mr. Miller, California. Sherman, Ohio. Lapham, New York. Edmunds, Vermont. Wilson, Iowa. *Morgan, Alabama. *Pendleton, Ohio. *Vance, North Carolina. *Brown, Georgia. MILITAEY AFFAIBS. Mr. Logan, Illinois. Cameron, Pennsylvania. Harrison, Indiana. Sewell, New Jersey. Hawley, Connecticut. *Cockrell, Missouri. *Maxey, Texas. *Hampton, South Carolina *Camden, West Virginia. NAVAL AFFAIBS. Mr Cameron, Pennsylvania. Anthony, Bhode Island. Hale, Maine. tMahone (Be.), Virginia. Miller, California. *McPherson, New Jersey. * Jones, Florida *Farley, California. *Butler, South Carolina. PUBLIC LANDS. Mr. Plumb, Kansas. Hill, Colorado. Blair, New Hampshire. THE HOUSE. JUDICIAEY. *Mr. Tucker, Virginia. *Hammond, Georgia. *Culberaon, Texas. *Moulton, Illinois. *Broadhead, Missouri. *Dorsheimer, New York. *Collins, Massachusetts. *Seney, Ohio. *Maybury, Michigan. Beed, Maine. E. B. Taylor, Ohio. McCoid, Iowa. Browne, Indiana. Poland, Vermont. Bisbee, Florida. BANKING AND CUBBENCY. *Mr. Buckner, Missouri. *Ermentrout, Ponn'vania *Potter, New York. *Hunt, Louisiana. *Miller, Texas. *Candler, Georgia. *Wilkins, Ohio. *Yaple, Michigan. Dingley, Maine. tBrumm, Pennsylvania. Adams, Illinois. Henderson, Iowa. tHooper (Be.), Virginia. Mr. Van Wyck, Nebraska. Dolph, Oregon. *Walker, Arkansas. *Morgan, Alabama. * Slater, Oregon. *Gibsou, Louisiana. INDIAN AFFAIBS. Mr Dawes, Massachusetts. Ingalls, Kansas. Harrison, Indiana. Cameron, Wisconsin. Bowen, Colorado. *Coke, Texas. *Walker, Arkansas. * Slater, Oregon. * Gorman, Maryland. BAILED ADS. Mr. Sawyer, Wisconsin. Hawley, Connecticut. Sewell, New Jersey. Sabin, Minnesota. tBiddleberger (Be.),Virgi'ft. Cullom, Illinois. *Lamar, Mississippi. * Williams Kentucky. *Jonas, Louisiana. *Brown, Georgia. *Kenna, West Virginia. CLAIMS. Mr. Cameron, Wisconsin. Hoar, Massachusetts. Pike, New Hampshire. Dolph, Oregon. Manderson, Nebraska. *Jackson, Tennessee. *George, Mississippi. *Gibson, Louisiana. *Kenna, West Virginia. COINAGE. *Mr Bland, Missouri. *Dowd, North Carolina. *Hardy, New York. *Nioholls, Georgia. *Pusi-y, Iowa. "Lanham, Texas. *Tully, California. Bellord, Colorado. Lacey, Michigan. Chace, Bhode Island. Everhart, Pennsylvania. Luna (Del ), New Mexico. COMMEECE. *Mr. Beagan, Texas. *Clardy, Missouri. *Turner, Kentucky. *Dunn, Arkansas. *Seymour, Connecticut. *Glascock, California. *Woodward, Wisconsin. *Boyle, Pennsylvania. *Barksdale, Mississippi. O'Neill, Pennsylvania. Davis, Illinois. Wadsworth, New York. Long, Massachusetts. Stewart, Vermont. Peters, Kansas. RIVERS AND HARBORS. *Mr. Willis, Kentucky. *Blauchard, Louisiana. *Jones, Alabama. *Gibson, West Virginia. *Rankin, Wisconsin. *Breckinridge, Arkansas. *Murphy, Iowa. *Sumuer, California. *Houseman, Michigan. Henderson, Illinois. Bayne, Pennsylvania. Robinson, Ohio. Chace, Rhode Island. Stone, Massachusetts. Burleigh, New York. FOREIGN AFFAIRS. *Mr. Curtin, Pennsylvania. *Belniont, New York. *Deuster, Wisconsin. *Cleuients, Georgia. *Cox, North Carolina. *G. D. Wise, Virginia. *Stewart, Texas. *J_.amb, Indiana. Rioe, Massachusetts. Wait, Connecticut. Keteham, New York. Phelps, New Jersey. Hitt, Illinois. MILITARY AFFAIRS. "Mr. Rosecrans, California. *Slocum, New York. *Dibrell, Tennessee. *Morgan, Missouri. *Wolford, Kentucky. *Nicholls, Georgia. Principal Committees [Continued.] Air .Murray, Ohio. *Duncan, Pennsylvania. Steele, Indiana. Bayne, Pennsylvania. tLyman, Massachusetts. Laird, Nebraska. Cutcheoii, Michigan. *Magiuuis (Del.), M'tana. NAVAL AFFAIRS. *Mr. Cox, New York. *Morse, Massachusetts. *Talbott, Maryland. *B-uchanan, Georgia. *Eaton, Connecticut. *Ballentine, Tennessee. - McAdoo, New Jersey, Harmer, Pennsylvania. Tbomas, Illinois. Goff, West Virginia. Boutelle, Maine. PUBLIC LANDS. : 'Mr. Cobb. Indiana. *Scales, North Carolina. *Oates, Alabama. *Shaw, Illinois. *Lewis, Louisiana. *Henley, California. *Van Kuton, Miaeissippi. Belford, Colorado. Strait, Minnesota. Anderson, Kansas. Payson, Illinois. Brentn (Del.), Washington Territory. INDIAN AFFAIRS. *Mr. Wellborn, Texas. *Graves, Missouri. *Stevens, New York. *Mr. Peel, Arkansas. *Pierce, Tennessee. *Finerty, Illinois. 'Skinner, North Carolina, Smith, Pennsylvania. George, Oregon. Perkins, Kansas. Nelson, Minnesota. Oury (Del.), Arizona. PACIFIC RAILROADS. *Mr. Cassidy, Nevada. *Throckmorton, Texas. *Cabell, Virginia "Thompson, Kentucky. 'Jordan, Ohio. *Crisp, Georgia. *Post, Pennsylvania. Wilson, Iowa. Millard, New York. Dunham, Illinois. Han back, Kansas. CLAIMS. *Mr. McMillin, Tennessee. *Dpwd, North Carolina. *Tillman, South Carolina. *Warner, Ohio. *Van Alstyne, New York. *Dockery, Missouri. *Wood, Indiana. *Lore, Delaware. *Snyder, West Virginia. Ray, New Hampshire. Price, Wisconsin. tOchiltree, Texas. Ellwood, Illinois. Brown, Pennsylvania. Ray, New York. THE HISTORY OF CORRUPTION.* Statement showing the Receipts and Disbursements of the Government from its Organizations to- June 3d, l^T'.t, and the amount of Losses, and the ratio of such Losses per 8 1,000 to the aggregate Received and Disbursed, arrauged as nearly as practicable in periods of Administrations ; also, in the periods prior and subsequent to June 30, ii;i ; prepared by the Treasury Department in answer to numerous inquiries. Revision of reply to Senate resolution of February 9, 1876, extending the comparison therein made to June 3c, 1879. ADMINISTBATION. Term of Sorvice-Yrs Total Receipts from Cus- toms, Internal Revenue, Public Lands, Loans, Dividends, Interest, Pre- miums, Direct Tax, and Miscellaneous. Total Disbursements on ac't of Public Debt, Premiums, War, Navy, Pensions, In- terest, Indians and all civil expenses, exclusive of Post Office, which receives and disburses its own revenues RECAPITULATION * Receipts. Losses. Loss on ?iooo Disburse- ments. Losses. Loss on ffiooo Amount Involved. Toial Loss. Loss on tiooo Wash'gton. Adams, J... Jefferson ... Madison . ... Monroe Adams, J.Q. Jackson Van Bureu. Harrison. I Tyler j Polk 8 4 8 8 8 4 8 4 4 > 4 4 1 4 4 8 2 $56,448,721 46,0*5,418 108,888,978 266,246,515 178,649,964 97,818,055 255,182,775 129,948,549 116,736,005 201,857,508 211,9' 1 8,613 22,179,.e3n 312,359,680 4,670,460,138 4,042,316,438 5,318,698,324 1,728,979,907 8210,552 42,250 287,260 ' 294975 629,947 332,953 1,412,388 392,328 429,981 18,110 276,279 213,002 194,004 508,494 2,562,722 1,189,140 none S3 72 91 2 65 1 1" 3 52 3 40 5 53 3 01 3 68 08 1 30 75 62 10 03 22 none 855,426,822 43,811,926 107,686,312 255,105,106 188,437,780 97,264,000 223,546,050 137,094,438 109,187,401 205,194,701 194,370,493 285,638,876 328,183,268 4,667,457,921 3,891,570,259 5,287,604,646 1,557,034,964 $38,498 190,950 303,834 1,855,447 2,492,536 513,829 2,306,237 2,899,654 1,133,242 1,712,170 1,485,193 1,674,853 2,292,825 6,599,023 1,889,641 1,138,541 1,384 30 69 435 2 82 7 27 13 22 5 28 10 31 21 15 10 37 834 7 64 5 86 6 98 1 41 48 21 00 $112,560,504 90,733,612 219,072,736 626,764,050 376,328,275 201,488,077 600,081,748 285,327,949 244,590,156 428,913,687 432,861,677 608,257,810 697,500,871 9,386,697,144 8,014,908,984 10,842,922,583 3,353,629,856 $250,97(1 235,412 613,468 2,191,600 3,229,787 885,374 3,761,112 3,343,792 1,565,903 1,732,851 1,814,409 2,167,982 2,659,108 7,200,984 4,619,601' 2,622,479 2,677 $2 22 2 69 2 75 4 16 8 68 4 39 7 52 11 71 640 4 08 4 19 3 R6 3 81 76 57 8-||24 10ml Taylor.... ) Fillmore.. f Pierce Buchanan.. Lincoln Johnson Grant Hayes Prior to June 30,1861.... From July 1, '61,J'ne30,'79 18,024,115,418 8,994,375 49 17,634,620,9631 28,527,858 1 61 36,317,639,725 38,887,568 1 07 52,263,660,611 15,700,454.807 84,734,020 4,260,3'5 82 09 27 82,230,947,173 818,899,269 15,403,673,790 X 9,628,589 88 47 62 .?4,719,481,157 31,598,158,568 ;24,441,S29 14,445,739 55 17 46. * Including all other amounts collected or disbursed, and the losses thereon. 142 THE PRESIDENTIAL FA VO RITES. HANK OF STATES, WITH DIVISIONS OP POPULATION. State and Bank in the Union. Population, Males. Females. Native. Foreign 1 New York 5,083,810 2 Pennsylvania 4,282,786 3 Ohio 3,198,239 4 Illinois 3,078,769 5 Missouri 2,168,804 6 Indiana 1,978,362 7 Massachusetts 1,783,012 8 Kentucky 1,648,708 9 Michigan 1,636,331 10 Iowa .- 1,624,620 11 Texas 1,592,574 12 Tennessee 1,542,463 13 Georgia 1,539,048 14 Virginia 1,512,806 15 North Carolina 1,400,047 16 Wisconsin B 1,315,480 17 Alabama 1,262,794 18 Mississippi 1,131,592 19 New Jersey 1,130,983 20 Kansas 995,966 21 South Carolina 995,622 22 Louisiana 940,103 23 Maryland 934,632 24 California 864,686 25 Arkansas 802,564 26 Minnesota 780,806 27 Maine 648,945 28 Connecticut 622,683 29 West Virginia. 618,443 30 Nebraska 452 433 31 New Hampshire 346984 32 Vermont 332 286 33 Ehode Island 276 528 34 Florida 267,351 35 Colorado 194 g^ 9 36 District of Columbia 177,638 37 Oregon 174,767 38 Delaware 146,654 2,506,283 2,577,527 2,136,635 2,146,151 1,614,165 1,584,074 1,587,433 1,491,336 1,127,424 1,041,380 1,010,676 967,686 858,475 924,537 832,676 816,032 862,276 774,055 848,234 776,386 838,719 763,855 769,374 773,089 761,184 777,864 745,839 766,967 688,203 711,844 680,106 635,374 622,890 639,904 567,137 564,455 559,823 571,160 536,725 459,241 490,469 505,153 468,833 471,270 462,004 472,628 518,271 346,415 416,383 386,181 419,262 361,54* 324,084 324,861 305,886 316,797 314,479 303,964 249,275 203,158 170,575 1/6,409 166,888 165,398 133,033 143,495 135,393 131,958 129,471 65,178 83,5'J4 94,044 103,388 71,379 74,153 72,501 3,872,372 1,211,438 3,695,203 587,533 2,803,469 394,743 2,495,177 583,592 1,957,564 211,240 1,834,597 143,765 1,339,919 443,093 1,589,237 59,471 1,247,985 388,346 1,363,132 201,488 1,478,058 114,516 1,525,881 16,582 1,528,733 10,315 1,498,139 14,667 1,396,368 3,679 910,063 405,417 1,253,121 9,673 1,122,42!) 9,168 909, 98 221,585 886,261 109,705 987,981 7,641 885,964 54,139 851,984 82,648 572,006 292,680 792,269 10,295 513,107 267,699 590,076 58,869 492,879 129,804 600,214 18,229 355,043 97,390 300,961 46,023 291,340 40,946 202,598 73,930 257,631 9,720 154,869 39,780 160,523 17,115 143,327 30,440 137,182 9,472 Bank of States, With Divisions of Population. [Concluded.] State and Rank in the Union. Population. Males. Females Native. Foreign. White. Colored. SB Utah* 143,906 74,470 99,974 142,380 .jo Dakota* . 135,180 82,302 83,387 133,177 i\l 118,430 63,751 51,793 108,498 1,003 108,127 4" 75,120 54,679 45,977 9,932 59,259 10,303 67,349 1'1 62,265 29,143 42.0J3 15,861 36,623 7,771 53,574 1'1 40,441 20,252 28,202 25,642 24,419 8,691 35,178 'l r i 39,157 12,239 28,180 15,022 27,640 5,263 35,446 4f> Idaho* 32,011 10,977 21,818 11,515 22,029 3,711 29,011 47 20,788 10,793 14,151 9,982 14,943 3,600 19,436 6,637 5,845 1,352 *Territones. Totals 60,152,866 25,520,582 43,475,506 43,404,876 24,632,284 6,677,360 6,747,990 SUPREME COURT OF THE UNITED STATES. Chief Justices. Associate Justices. State Whence Appointed. Term of Service. "S 2 s'fc * e & S ft John Jay* New York. 1789 1". 95 17891791 17891810 1789-1798 17891796 17891790 17901799 17911793 17931806 17951795 17961811 17961801 17981829 17991804 18011835 1S04 1834 18061823 18071826 18111845 1811 1836 6 12 21 9 7 1 9 2 13 15 5 31 6 34 30 17 19 34 25 22 2 32 16 32 28 5 28 15 19 27 6 23 6 8 15 .... 10 1745 1739 1733 1742 1732 1745 1751 1732 1745 1739 1741 1746 1762 1755 1755 1771 17-V7 1765 1779 1752 1767 1777 1785 1779 1790 1777 1783 1778 1780 1785 1792 1789 1794 1809 1811 1803 1805 1816 1815 1816 1808 1808 1813 1811 1816 1833 1826 1829 1800 1810 1798 1800 1790 1799 1819 1806 1800 1811 1807 1829 1810 1835 1834 1823 1826 1845 1844 1845 1828 1861 1846 1867 1864 1841 1865 1852 1860 1873 1851 1870 1874 1881 1873 John Kutledgef John Rutledge* South Carolina Massachusetts Pennsylvania Virginia William Cushing James Wilson John Blair* Robert H. Harrison* North Carolina Thomas Johnson* William Patterson South Carolina Oliver Ellsworth* Bushr'd Washington Alfred Moore* Virginia North Carolina Roger B. Taney South Carolina Brockh't Livingston Thomas Todd Joseph Story Massachusetts Smith Thompson 1823-1845 18261828 18291861 1*30 1846 18351867 18361864 18:561841 18371865 18371852 1K41 1860 18451872 18451851 18461869 18511857 18531861 1858 1861 1862 18621877 1866 18641873 18701880 1870 1872 1874 1877 1880 1881 1881 1882 1X82 Robert Trimble John McLean Ohio Henry Baldwin .TanrifiH M r WVTlf -,,,. Pennsylvania Philip P. Barbour John Catron John McKinley Maryland Virginia Tennessee Peter V. Daniel Samuel Nelson* Levi Woodbury New Hampshire Pennsylvania Massachusetts RobertC. Grier* Benjamin R. Curtis* John A. Campbell* Nathan Clifford Noah H. Swayne* Samuel F. Miller David Davis* Stephen J. Field Maine Ohio Iowa Illinois California Ohio Morrison R. Waite William Strong* Pennsylvania New Jersey New York Ohio Kentucky Georgia Ohio Massachusetts New York New York Ward Hunt* John M. Harlan William B> Woods Stanley Matthews Horace Gray Samuel Blatchford * Resigned. f Presided one term of the court ; appointment not confirmed by the Senate. t The Supreme Court, at its first session in 179n, consisted of a Chief Justice and five Asso- ciates. The number of Associate Justices was increased to six in 1807 by the appointment of Thomas Todd ; increased to eight in 1837 by the appointments of John Catron and John McKinley ; "increased to nine in 1805 by the appointment of Stephen J. Field ; decreased to eight on the death of John Catron in 1865 ; decreased to seven on the death of James M. Wayne in 1867 ; and again increased to eight in 1870, with a view to get the legal tender decision a policy for such precedents are found in the governments of England and France. 144 THE PRESIDENTIAL FA VO RITES. Tennessee. Louisiana. New York. 3 5 o PH Illinois. Tennessee. Illinois. ^c O s rH O - N. Carolina. Virginia. New York. 3 S-5 Penn. Kentucky. N. Carolina. 5 c Vermont. O Vermont. DIED. OS as i i i a> ft CM CO rH O CM CO r? CO cc co" CM <0 a p co 00 rH CO co" 3 h "3 ,3 r-S S cr; cc ocT "5 O X QO GO l-H O GO ^ m CO CO 1 03 X X "rt Q 02 W O : o 1 1* WO h o CO CO rr. p 09 E a CO 03 CJ CO DB i CO 03 E CJ E 3 CJ oo 03 E a INAUGUB o CO rH rH rg E - 3 3 3 3 3 s * j 5 f 1 W SH 3 s I B rH a 3 - CN a OJ cc CM CO kfl co 00 rH g CO so i~ co o t^ CO i o> L- C7i X, CO CO 01 So 01 Os| 5c n o oo CO O e-i o" 00 CN O I 1 CO s tQ OS s 01 (M CO co 01 CM OS I- CM rf . - rQ a> S a H 1 rH iS a- P & V fn rH C^ S c 1 1 O X rH "c; EM o 01 ft 1 !z; o O <-} NAMES. George Washington John Adams Thos. Jefferson James Madison James Monroe 1 o' I 3 Andrew Jackson Martin Van Buren... Wm. Henry Harrisoi 3 T-, H 3 Jq Hj "o PH ^ 02 S a Zachary Taylor Mil lard Fillmore Franklin Pierce James Buchanan Abraham Lincoln... Andrew Johnson.... *3 5 c 02 03 BD h^ Rutherford B. Haye James A. Garfield... Chester A. Arthur .. ON -" CM CO '-0 * oo OS - (N co s -o r- co 93 a CM 00 1=3 ffi O 00 00 UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LIBRARY Los Angeles This book is DUE on the last date stamped below. REC'D LD-URfl UDURt ' JUN 11968 1 s t 1 -1 < 1 r i h 1 1 FormL9 15m-10,'48(Bl039)444