Sfreef Iiore of :BafH, 
 
 *_/ 
 
 R. E, M. PeaeB,
 
 EX L I B R I S 
 
 IRENE D. PACE
 
 Telegrams " CATER, BATH." Telephone No. 60. 
 
 HATER, STOFFELL & BORTT 
 
 LIMITED, 
 
 The WINE MERCHANTS. 
 
 TO CONNOISSEURS OF REALLY 
 
 HIGH CLASS WINES 
 
 40,000 Dozens in Stock, 
 
 CONSISTING OF 
 
 Rare Old ......... SHERRIES 
 
 Rare Old ... VINTAGE , ... PORTS 
 
 Rare Old ......... MADEIRAS 
 
 Rare Old .. - CLARETS 
 
 Rare Old ......... HOCKS 
 
 Rare Old ... VINTAGE ... BRAMDIES 
 
 Over 2000 Dozens of 
 
 The Cellars cover an area of Two Acres. 
 
 Sole Proprietors of 'BEAU BRUMMEL' 
 
 The Perfection of Scotch Whisky. 
 
 19 & 26 High Street, 
 
 8 Margaret's Buildings, 
 
 8 Southgate Street, 
 29 & 3O Upper Borough Walls, 
 
 Special Agents for Bass's Ales. 
 
 DISTRICT AGENTS FOR 
 
 W. J. ROGERS' FAMOUS BRISTOL ALES. 
 
 1

 
 ^^\^\ 
 
 STREET-LORE OF BATH. 
 
 A RECORD OF CHANGES IN THE 
 HIGHWAYS AND BYWAYS OF THE CITY. 
 
 BY 
 
 R. E. M. PEACH. 
 
 " We ought to be glad that there are mousing fact-hunters to worry 
 us -with queries to which, for the sake of the public, we are bound to 
 give our attention.'" WENDELL HOLMES, Over the Teacups. 
 
 "/ love everything thafs old; old friends, old times, old manners, 
 old books, old wine." GOLDSMITH. 
 
 LONDON: SIMPKIN, MARSHALL, & CO., Lmtd. BATH: 
 E. R. BLACKETT, 10, STALL ST., &> ALL BOOKSELLERS. 
 
 MDCCCXCIII.
 
 Works by the same Author: 
 
 "Bath, Old and New;" "Historic Houses in Bath "; "History 
 of the Bath Abbey Church;" "The Hospital of St. John 
 Baptist;" "Annals of Swainsivick ; " Editor of the Rev. 
 W. L. Nichols's " The Quantocks and their Associations ;" and 
 of two editions (6th and -jth) of "Rambles about Bath."
 
 DEDICATION. 
 
 To 
 JEROM MURCH, Esq., D.L., J.P., 
 
 Seven times Mayor of Bath. 
 
 Dear Mr. Murch, 
 
 When I submitted to you the manuscript of 
 my work, you were hind enough to express your icarm 
 approval of its design and objects, and to accept the 
 dedication of the work. In the course of the past 
 fifty years no citizen has done more to promote the 
 literary and material interests of the city than yourself, 
 and this fact alone has stimulated me to render the 
 work worthy of your commendation, and of the general 
 approbation of my felloio citizens. 
 
 I am, dear Mr. Murch, 
 
 Your faithful servant, 
 
 R. E. M. PEACH. 
 
 4$, Pulteney Street, 
 Bath, 1893. 
 
 2072028
 
 PREFACE. 
 
 THE author believes that, up to the close of the last century, with 
 the exception of Warner's imperfect attempt, no modern writer on 
 Bath has dealt with the important subject of the streets, their 
 dates, origin, and associations. The question is frequently and 
 vainly asked as to the building, nomenclature, and history of a 
 particular street ; the answer in most cases will here be found. 
 
 Bath, whilst one of the most ancient cities in the empire, is at 
 the same time comparatively modern, and yet not so modern as 
 to deserve the reproach of being a brand-new upstart place. The 
 intelligent stranger who enters it for the first time at once perceives 
 that he is in a city which has a history ; a city, the records of 
 which must needs be of interest. The object the author has had 
 in view is to assist such stranger, as well as his fellow-citizens, 
 by placing before them a manual in which they may find much 
 information not hitherto available in any other work. 
 
 The author has endeavoured to elucidate the meanings of old 
 names, which have for the most part been preserved and enshrined 
 either in the streets or in buildings. 
 
 He has, moreover, with some success, endeavoured to trace the 
 names and localities of many of the ancient streets, some of which, 
 as will be seen, existed at a very early period, and of which no 
 no mention is made by Wood or Warner.
 
 Mr. Andrew Lang has defined the meaning of 
 
 Folk-Lore. 
 He says 
 
 " What I mean by Folk-lore. When the word was first introduced, 
 by Mr. Thorns, it meant little, perhaps, but the observing and 
 recording of various superstitions, stories, customs, proverbs, songs, 
 fables, and so forth. But the science has gradually increased its 
 scope, till it has taken almost all human life for its province. 
 Indeed, if anyone asks how and where folk-lore differs from 
 anthropology, I am rather at a loss for a reply. When anti- 
 quarians such as our own old Aubrey began to examine rural 
 usages and superstitions, like the maypole, and the harvest home, 
 they saw they could hardly help seeing that the practices of the 
 folk, of the peasant class everywhere, were remains of Gentilism 
 or heathenism. The Puritans knew this very well, and if they 
 hated the maypole in the Strand, it was because they knew it to 
 be at least as old as Troy, whose fate, as we know, it has shared. 
 
 "Where's Troy, and where's the maypole in the Strand?" 
 
 The Puritans were conscious that much Pagan custom had been 
 tolerated by the Church, and had survived, not only in ecclesias- 
 tical usage, but in popular festivals. The folk, the people, had 
 changed the names of the objects of its worship, had saints in 
 place of gods, but had not given up the festival of May night, nor 
 ceased to revere [customs] under new titles," &c.
 
 The datt-s of some modern streets are not given ; in oilier 
 cases, as for instance the Pulteney Road Avenue, where 
 the houses were built at various periods, the date of the 
 first only is given. 
 
 The reference to particular pages without the title of the 
 book, signifies the work Bath, Old and New, by the 
 same author. 
 
 B. J. signifies Bath Journal. 
 
 B. Chron. Bath Chronicle. 
 Wood Description of Bath.
 
 INTRODUCTION. 
 
 'HERE has been some little difficulty in tracing the 
 localities of the ancient streets, owing to the changes 
 in modern nomenclature. Broad Street, or Brade 
 Street, and Walcot Street remain, in position, much as they 
 were centuries ago. 1 Bymnbury Lane, a very ancient street, 
 still exists, leading from the Bymnbury Walls, between the 
 Royal United and Bellott's Hospitals. Byebathe Street 
 (By-the-Bath Street) was on the site of what was called 
 Bell-tree Lane but now Beau Street. Mr. Emanuel Green, 
 in his interesting and valuable paper on the Poll Tax in 
 Bath, temp. 2, Richard II., referring to Sowter Street, says 
 
 1 Some of the following streets were of the 15th, 36th, and others of the 
 17th and 18th centuries. 
 
 OLD STREETS, OLD NAMES, etc. 
 
 Abbey Lane. A small land at back of " Christofore " on which was a brew- 
 house, leased by Richard Gullige, 17th c. 
 
 Alvord, Alford, later Boatstall Lane, now popularly called Slippery Lane, led 
 to the Bath wick Ferry [see Gates, also Fish Cross Lane]. 
 
 Barton Court, Barton House (anct.) 
 
 Barton Lane on site of Burton Street. 
 
 Bradley's Buildings. 18th c. [See B], 
 
 Bromines Lane afterwards corrupted into Broom's Court, Borough Walls, 
 Henry 7th. 
 
 Cock Lane, in 1585 called Cox Lane, then Lock's Lane, formerly contained 19 
 houses [see Union Passage], 
 
 Cross Bath Lane from Stall Street to the Cross Bath, 11 feet in width, on the 
 site of Bath Street. One house remains, namely, that adjoining the Royal 
 Baths, for a time used as a depository for Bath Muniments. It was at one 
 time called The Court-house, having so many windows. 
 
 Cucumber Lane (ancient), Monmouth Street. 
 
 Fish Cross Lane [see F}. A. Lane leading to tho East Gate and Fish Quay. 
 
 Harleget. This was a gate on the, south side of St. Laurence's Bridge. It is 
 depicted on Smith's map of 1581, and the piers remained long after the re- 
 moval of the gate. It was sometimes called St. Lawrence's Gate. 
 
 Hirk(!s's Court, opposite Town Hall, 17th c. 
 
 Hucklebridge's Court, 18th c. 
 
 King's Court, near Cross Bath, 17th c.
 
 Street-Lore of Bath. 
 
 "no trace of it can be found." In the record of the persons 
 taxed and the streets in which they lived, there is no local- 
 ity given which answers to Cheap Street and High Street, 
 
 Lot Lane or Lotgate " near All Saint's Chapel." The lane was a narrow passage 
 outside the Wall, between the Monks' Mill anil the outside of the Eastgate, 
 10 feet wide. A portion of it may still be seen. The locality was of evil 
 repute. If there were a chapel near, all traces of its existence are lost. 
 The early records do not err in such a matter, as a rule. 
 
 Marchant's Passage or Court, site of Northumberland Place, (anct). 
 
 Mules Street, afterwards Horse Street [see Horse Street}. This street led to St. 
 Lawrence's Bridge and to Holewey, the old (Fosse) road from the coal mines, 
 the whole of the traffic of which was done by mules and donkeys. [See Bath 
 Old and New}. 
 
 Old Pump-room Passage, 17th c. 
 
 Paynistwychene admits of a theory similar to the following, with the difference 
 that its locality can be determined, namely, Frogmore Lane, which was in 
 Old, now Northgate Street, and was a lane leading to the bank of the Avon. 
 
 Planostoneswychene, "near Alci Bath." Planostone seems to imply a house 
 of some kind, the termination wychene being an early form of ivic or wick, 
 which in some cases may mean a house hence this may have been Plane- 
 stone or Planostone House, probably a house near the Avon Bank. For- 
 merly there was in most large towns and cities a Salt House, i.e. a public 
 store house as well for taxing the commodity as for selHng it. Droitivich, 
 Nantivich, took their names from the wych or tciir-houses built for the prep- 
 aration and storing of salt. "Alci Bath" admits of a clear explanation 
 [see St. Mary's Conduit}. 
 
 Plombtre (Plum-Tree) Lane, earliest, name, then Spurrier's Lane until 1772. 
 Bridewell (the later and present name) is derived from the fact that the 
 borough prison stood at the north end of the street, built by Richard Jones, 
 in 1772. Now demolished. Wood did not know any name earlier than 
 Spurriers the name of a citizen. 
 
 Vicar's Lane is of the 17th century, the Rectory or Vicarage being in or 
 near the lane. The earliest name of this lane was Culverhouse Lane, and 
 this term was derived from a field or enclosure, called Culverhouse' s Field. 
 There was also a common slaughter-house in the locality, but this was 
 apparently only noted in the records as a means of identification. The 
 lane was known as Vicarage Lane to the close of the last century, and 
 from that time as Parsonage Lane the modern Rectory House occupying 
 part of the site of the new wing of the Royal Mineral Water Hospital. Both 
 Vicarage and Parsonage were anomalous terms, the Ecclesiastical status of 
 the Abbey since the Reformation having been a Rectory. 
 
 Rack Close, a small field near Queen Square. 
 
 Sanders' Lane. 
 
 Sertons' Lane. 
 
 St. Michael's Litten or ancient burying ground was on the site of the Bowling- 
 green, and was superseded by the small cemetery in Walcot Street (now closed). 
 [See St. Michaefs Churches and Green Street]. 
 
 St. Michael's Lane between Westgate Street and Bell Tree Lane. 
 
 Tyburn Road, Monmouth Street, (anct). 
 
 Weymouth Court, Lear Lane, 18th c., now Weymouth Street. Lear Laue led to 
 the Lear Lands, where the indigent poor received bread and alms.
 
 Street-Lore of Bath. 
 
 and there is no doubt that Sowter Street, from the number 
 and quality of the persons taxed, must have occupied those 
 sites, which were the ancient principia, whilst Norgate or 
 Noryegate Street was, of course, the Vicus Borealis of the 
 Roman City. In Mr. Green's later paper on " Bath Lay 
 Subsidies, from Henry IV. to Henry VIII.," the accuracy 
 of this view is rendered still more clear. No Sowter 
 Street is mentioned in 1527, Avhilst "Chepe" Street appears 
 for the first time, and the parish of St. Mary Within, 
 which had no place in the Poll Tax Roll [the earliest 
 Rector being appointed in 1415], now forms part of the 
 City, including Sowter Street. How long St. Mary 
 Within continued to exist as a parish after 1545, is not 
 clear; but it seems probable that it merged into the parish 
 of S. Peter & S. Paul about the year 1546, or whenever 
 that parish was constituted after the Reformation. The 
 last Rector of St. Mary Within was William Clement, 
 appointed in 1541, resigned in 1545. The Church, with 
 the exception of the tower, was pulled down about the 
 latter date. The conduit near it remained until 1755. 
 In the 1336 Roll, Ikthwick is still called Wyke 
 Abbatisse ; in St. Michael's Accounts, it is referred to as 
 Barewyke, a form of Bathwick, later as Berewyke, and 
 finally as Bathwick ; Bathampton as Hampton, and Bath- 
 easton as Eston, and Bathford as Ford. [See Walls.] 
 
 There are streets and houses growing up in the suburbs 
 of the city, of some of which no notice is taken. The 
 nomenclature adopted is fanciful, having in most cases no 
 sort of relation to the locality or to the city. This to some 
 extent may be a necessity. Names must be chosen in 
 every large city, to facilitate, not only correspondence, but 
 the ordinary business of the day ; and when it is practica- 
 ble, it is always desirable to adopt names germane to 
 the locality. Scarcely any city in England offers such a
 
 Street-Lore of Bath. 
 
 choice of names for streets and houses as Bath, every hill 
 and valley having some distinctive name, ancient or modern. 
 
 Amongst minor evils and difficulties with which our 
 ancestors had to contend was that of inter-communication ; 
 and in some respects this was increased after the postal 
 system was so vastly improved by Allen. There were no 
 numbers, no means known to distant correspondents as to 
 locality and sources of identification. One consideration 
 must not be overlooked, and that is that cities were smaller, 
 and each citizen, no doubt, was better acquainted with his 
 neighbour than in our own day. 
 
 Paris streets, in 1725, were designated by some distinct 
 name, although numbering the houses was not adopted 
 until years after. The first wheeled-vehicle used in the 
 streets was the fiacre, so called after Count Fiacre, 
 twenty years before we had in our own city any regular 
 wheel-vehicles of any kind. Horses, donkeys, sedan chairs, 
 sledges, first ; then broad-wheel wagons, then a one-horse 
 fiacre or gig, then hackney coaches ; then coaches, mail 
 coaches, carriages, and since, every contrivance under the 
 sun, except a neat, light, " handy " street cab. 
 
 There was one contrivance of the past, even now not 
 wholly abandoned that of using a sign, or a trade emblem, 
 similar to that of an hotel. Thus we had in various parts 
 of the city, even after Wood's great expansion and 
 improvements : The Golden Gup, The Royal Bed, The 
 Golden Knife and Fork and Stocking Legs, The Hat and 
 Beaver, The Buck and Breeches, The Leg of Mutton and 
 Cauliflower, The Luke's Head, The Grown and Shuttle, l The 
 Givit Gat and the Rasp, and many others. 2 
 
 1 Emblem of the weaving trade, which was carried on in and around the City. 
 
 2 A few years ago the following names of boot and shoemakers might be seen 
 in Bath : Long, Strong, Short, Broad, Good, Small, Tyte, Large, Pinch, New, 
 Noble,Best, Smart, Prime, Perfect, Gould, Steele, Wood, Cotton, Brown, Greene, 
 White, Black, Wm. Rex, and George King.
 
 Street-Lore of Bath. 
 
 The numbering of the houses began in Bath about 
 1768. In a very interesting paper read by the late 
 Mr. C. P. Eussell (to whom and to whose researches the 
 city is deeply indebted) he tells us that "the houses were 
 usually described either from their position in the street, or 
 their proximity to the residence of some persons of dis- 
 tinction. Thus, a house in the Circus is described as three 
 doors from the Duke of Bedford's ; another in Gay Street, 
 two doors from the Carved House "' (Mrs. Piozzi's, No. 8). 
 Mr. Russell, moreover, made a collection of maps, 2 the 
 importance of which cannot be over-rated. These maps or 
 ichnographic plans cover a period of history of more than 
 three centuries. The earlier plans he has elucidated in 
 tabulated formulae, marking the new features in successive 
 stages, the whole being preceded by a very able explanatory 
 chapter. To this collection of maps we unquestionably 
 owe the preservation of much that is not merely useful, 
 but indispensable to the local historian. Without such an 
 auxiliary, written records might be misleading ; with it, 
 localities can be identified, names and dates placed 
 almost beyond a doubt, and the interest in the past state, 
 changes, and growth of the city maintained for the 
 present and future generations. 
 
 1 Names on private doors were ftrst used in London in 1760, and in Bath at 
 the same time. 
 
 2 Purchased by subscription, and deposited at the Royal Literary Institution, 
 for the use of the public.
 
 Street- Lore of Bath. 
 
 OLD CORONATION CEREMONIALS IN BATH. 
 
 The earliest record we have of a great ceremonial in the 
 city was in 973. This was not a mere loyal demonstra- 
 tion; it was the crowning of King Eadgar, the Peaceable, 
 by St. Dunstan, in the great church which preceded that 
 of John de Villula. No doubt the church, originally 
 built by King Offa in the seventh century, had suffered 
 much, but was partly restored before this great and 
 memorable ceremony. 1 We doubt very much whether the 
 Saxon cathedrals were at all comparable, either in design, 
 grandeur, or capacity, with even the smallest of the Nor- 
 man cathedrals. 
 
 The municipal and all public ceremonials were performed 
 in the High Street. On the occasion of the Coronation of 
 Charles II., in 1661, the greatest demonstration of civic 
 joy occurred of which we have any record. This 
 may be explained by the fact that it was not only an 
 occasion of great public rejoicing, but was likewise the 
 celebration of the revival of loyalty and royalty. A 
 contemporary writer says : " A curious ceremony took 
 place at Bath, in the High Street, where stood the conduit 
 of St. Mary, in front of the old Guildhall, to which the 
 citizens were accustomed to make their grand processions. 
 At this ceremony Mrs. Mayoress, attended by all the chief 
 matrons of the city, and preceded by more than four hun- 
 dred young virgins, going two and two, and each two 
 bearing aloft in their hands gilded crowns and garlands, 
 decked with the rarest and choicest flowers of the season, 
 
 I See Coronation of Eadgar the Peaceable, at Bath, A.D. 973, by Jerom 
 Murch. Esq.
 
 Street-Lore of Bath. 
 
 went to the conduit to drink the King's health " in the 
 claret that, figuratively, ran from it. 
 
 The Mayor (John Ford), attended by a great retinue of 
 gentlemen of the city and from the country, preceded by 
 a band, led the procession between rows of soldiers, with 
 a company of foot from Weston, under the command of 
 Captain Sheppard, and also a troop of horse under the 
 command of Captain George Clarke, brother-in-law of 
 Mr. Prynne, the Recorder and one of the members for 
 the city. All these volunteers were in uniform, and the 
 young girls referred to were, for the most part, dressed 
 in milk-white waistcoats, and in petticoats emblematic of 
 the verdure of spring. 1 The ceremonies of the period 
 suggest a wide contrast with those of the present day in 
 which men take the chief part. The mise en scene must 
 have been very striking. The Corporation were more 
 lavish of their expenditure than on any other similar 
 recorded occasion. 
 
 At the Coronation of William and Mary a similar 
 procession was organised by the city authorities, the 
 Mayor [J. Masters] taking the leading part therein. On 
 a broadside of the period is represented the order with the 
 costumes of those who bore their parts in the ceremonial. 
 The costumes were very picturesque and some of them 
 very quaint. The procession assembled as usual in the 
 High Street, proceeded from St. Mary's Conduit through 
 the North Gate, up Broad Street, thence to the Town Acre, 
 onwards to Hyde Park, near to the Julian Road, along 
 which they passed for a distance : then it descended to the 
 Kingsmead, passed through the West Gate and so again 
 to the High Street. Bands of music played, speeches were 
 made, beer, stronger even than the speeches, was drunk at 
 intervals, by the loyal fair damsels as well as the loyal men. 
 
 1 "In pensive thought recall the fancied scene, 
 See coronations rise on every green."
 
 Street-Lore of Bath. 
 
 THE 
 " Loyalty and Glory of the City of BATH : 
 
 BEING 
 
 A True and Perfect Relation of the Wonderful Ceremony, 
 
 and Transactions, that were lately performed there. 
 
 10 May, 1689. 
 
 A Splendid Triumph late at Bath was seen, 
 Upon the Crowning of the King and Queen. 
 To show their Joy, (and Thanks to Heaven above,) 
 And to their Prince their Loyalty and Love. 
 But to proceed, to this great glorious sight, 
 
 1. First came a Hundred Heroes clad in White, 
 And in their Hands each Warlike Youth did hold, 
 A Naked Sword (bright as the Burnisht Gold.) 
 
 In Marshal -order, thus they passed along, 
 Applauded, and admir'd by all the throng. 
 These seem'd the Guard of what succeeded there. 
 
 2. A Train of Beauties, (like Aurora Fair. ) 
 Two Hundred Virgins (like an Army bright,) 
 As Sweet as Innocence, and Fair as Light, 
 Each wore a Crown, had Scepters in their hands ; 
 Scepters, and Crowns, and Beauty, All Commands. 
 About each Tender Maidens slender Wast, 
 
 A little Bagonet was buckled fast. 
 
 Two Flags were carried in the midst of these, 
 
 With Motto's, that do all True Subjects please. 
 
 The Motto's in Embroidered -Work were seen, 
 
 The Words God save King William atid the Queen, 
 
 This is a Joyful Day and let all those 
 
 Perish that wilfully their Peace oppose. 
 
 3. Next after, like the Scythian manner, came 
 A Brave Illustrious Amazonian Dame, 
 The. Leader, and the Queen of all the rest, 
 With Golden Truncheon, and a Velvet Vest, 
 A Plume of Purple Feathers on her Head, 
 Plaid, as the past along, and sweetly spread, 
 A Golden Sarsh, about her Waste she wore, 
 And thus the Warlike Beauty went before. 
 Bellona, strait was Ravisht with Delight, 
 And Mars himself was taken with the Sight': 
 He stood upon an aged Mountain top 
 
 And on her Head, did Pearls, and Jewels drop
 
 Street-Lore of Bath. 
 
 4. Next twenty-four march'd under her Command, 
 Each had a Dart, and Javelin, in her hand. 
 
 Her Right Breast so concealed, that none did know, 
 But that she really might draw a Bow. 
 
 5. Then Thirty Ladies more did after move, 
 (All like Fair Blossoms in the Bloom of Love.) 
 These Richly drest, in their fair Hands did hold 
 Quivers, and arrows, that were tipt with Gold, 
 They had their Motto's too, to show their Might 
 Rather than lose the day we All will Fight. 
 These on their Heads did Crowns of Laurel wear, 
 (Laurel becomes the Witty and the Fair.) 
 
 6. In order Trumpets sounded, Drums did beat, 
 Colours were flying, to make all compleat. 
 In the Town-Hall they had a Banquet fine, 
 (Sweet Meat for Ladies, and for Hero's Wine.) 
 Bonfires, and Bells, and all they could devise, 
 With acclamation sounding to the Skies, 
 
 In Praise of Him, who came (with Heav'ns high Hand) 
 
 To drive Rome's Priests, (those Vipers) from our Land. 
 
 Those Locusts, that to Lucifer bespoke us, 
 
 Whose Mock-Religion is a Hocus-Pocus : 
 
 As Satan once to Eve, in Eden came, 
 
 To vitiate, and Corrupt the Heavenly Dame, 
 
 To bring in bold Rebellion, Sin, and Strife, 
 
 To make Old Adam weary of his life. 
 
 So Jesuits, (those subtil Serpents) come, 
 
 To England's- Eden from 7 he Den of Rome. 
 
 With Sodom's fatal Apples, to increase 
 
 Our Sins, corrupt our Church, and spoil our Peace. 
 
 Religion, (that Fair Dove) with Golden Bill, 
 
 And shining Feathers, in her Cage lay still ; 
 
 Silent and Sad, Perplext with Fright and Fear, 
 
 But since, (by Providence) she is got clear, 
 
 She now upon the Syccamore may sing, 
 
 And Clap for Joy, her Purple-coloured Wing, 1 
 
 Give Thanks to heaven, and to our Gracious King." J 
 
 FINIS. 
 
 Similar proceedings took place at Queen Anne's Coronation and at both her 
 visits, with this difference, that on these last occasions the processions met her 
 at the bottom of Weston Hill in the village. [See pp. 237-238.]
 
 10 Street-Lore of Bath. 
 
 FOOD AND WATER SUPPLY A CENTURY 
 AND A HALF AGO. 
 
 CONDUITS, FOUNTAINS, and WATER SUPPLY. 
 
 Nothing more clearly marks the difference in the habits 
 and public economy of urban life, especially in old cities 
 like Bath, than food and water supply. At the close of the 
 eighteenth century there were 37 bakers and 26 butchers. 1 
 
 Before the removal of the mediaeval walls in the middle 
 of the last century, animals for food were mostly slaughtered 
 in the country, cut up, and then brought into the city in 
 peds or big baskets slung across the backs of horses and 
 donkeys. Bread was made chiefly in the city. Water 
 was brought into the city by means of pipes, which 
 supplied the public conduits. From these conduits the 
 wealthy citizens were supplied at their own houses by 
 pipes, or by watermen, whom they paid for such services, 
 the poor obtaining their supplies in their own way. The 
 conduits were judiciously distributed in various parts of 
 the city, as well as beyond the ciiy walls in VValcot Street 
 and .broad Street, ttouie of these conduits were handsome 
 structures, and all of them, as late as the visit of (^ueen 
 Anne, in a perfect state. Gradually several of them became 
 
 1 The latter carried on their businesses of slaughtering the animals and selling 
 tlie luuat 111 uie "Siiamoies," situate uii tlie situ ol tile UuiidhaU and part "f 
 tlie present Markets. Previous to that they slaughtered tlie animals at their 
 own ..lows, it may be here remarked that in the reign of Henry V11I. it was 
 enacted that tne uutchers suuuld sell all tiieir beet and mutton uy wrignt. 
 Beef lor Jd. per Ib. ; Mutton for d. per Ib. Fat Oxen were sold lor 3Us. 6d. 
 ye peeoe ; Fat Wethers as. 4d. ye peece, and the same price for Calves, and a 
 fat Liamb for 12 pence. The London butchers sold penny pieces of beel, n Ibs. 
 and sometimes 3 Ibs. to the peece, and 13 and sometimes 14 to the dozen. 
 Mutton 8d. per quarter and a cwt. of beel for 4s. 8d. [Sttnve's Chronicle, -vol. 3, 
 
 Page 217.}
 
 Street-Lore of Bath. 11 
 
 dilapidated, and were finally reduced to a mere trough 1 
 and a tap, or a stand pipe. 
 
 The following Extracts are taken from Wood's Essay 
 towards a Description of Bath. Published 1749. 
 
 "The Conduits that supply the Publick with Cold 
 Water, were situated in open places; Cornwell being the 
 the First, Water issued out of a Spout in the back Wall 
 of an Alcove, formerly placed upon the West Side of 
 Walcot Street, where a High Cross, or Tower, antiently 
 surmounted the Mouth of the Spring, and stood within 
 the North End of St. Michael's Parish : The Sides and 
 Covering of this Alcove were taken down to widen the 
 Road before it. 
 
 " Broad Street Conduit was formerly a handsome 
 structure Built with Stone in the middle of the Street 
 of that Name. 
 
 " Saint Michael's Conduit was a handsomer structure 
 than the former, as its Base made a perfect Cube, and 
 elevated the Tower to a considerable height : This struc- 
 ture was composed of four lonick Pilasters, standing upon 
 a Pedestal, whose Base and Body were turned into one 
 large Cimasium, Convex below, and Concave above ; the 
 Entablature was surmounted by five Plinths or Steps ; and 
 these bearing a proper Pedestal, a double Plinth upon 
 that, sustaining an Ornament in the Shape of an Hour- 
 Glass, crowned the whole Tower. 2 
 
 " Four .Niches adorned the four Fronts of the structure, 
 between the Pilasters; and four Shields were Carved on 
 the four Faces of the Body of the upper Pedestal : The 
 Water issued out of every Side of the Base in the Center 
 
 1 The troughs of the Conduits were used by the poor women to wash their 
 linen in. Perhaps the state of the linen, and the result in the troughs, gave 
 
 emphatic force to the proverb, " Avoid washing your dirty linen in public." 
 2 See Gilmore's Map, of which a facsimile has been recently published.
 
 12 Street-Lore of Bath. 
 
 of a Semi-Circular Arch, intended to represent a Kainbow ; 
 and the Conduit stood in the middle of Old Street, just 
 before the South Front of St. Michael's Church. 
 
 " Saint Mary's Conduit was formerly a beautiful, quad- 
 rangular Edifice ; and stood in the middle of High Street, 
 in a Line between North Gate and the Guild Hall: It 
 was of the Dorick Order, covered with a Cimasium 1 Roof, 
 which, after passing through a Ball, terminated in a point ; 
 every corner of the Structure was adorned with a Pinacle, 
 composed of four Stones, the last of which bore a Globe ; 
 and the Water issued out of every Side of the Body of 
 the Building, directly under the Soil of a small Square 
 Aperture." This conduit or fountain was, doubtless, the 
 most beautiful, and apparently the earliest in the city. It is 
 referred to in the City Records as Aid Bath? Alci was 
 the English form of Alciat or Alciati, a distinguished 
 Milanese lawyer and artist who designed and published 
 some famous emblems in the shape of ideal fountains in the 
 early part of the 16th century. The fame of Alciati and 
 his work was known throughout Europe, and it is probable 
 that this conduit or fountain was designed partly if not 
 wholly after one of Alciat's Emblems, and hence was dis- 
 tinguished as Alci Bath. In fact the centre of one of 
 these emblems "Vigilantia, and custodia" bears a striking 
 resemblance to the fountain in question, as described by 
 Wood. To this Fountain the Citizens were used to make 
 their grand Processions, and it was evidently held in great 
 honour. 
 
 " Saint Mary's Conduit, together with that which bore 
 the Name of St. Peter and St. Paul, and, in the Shape of 
 a small High Cross, stood just before the Front of the old 
 Guild Hall. [See Pillory}. 
 
 1 Cymatium, a capping or crowning moulding in classic architecture. 
 
 2 There is no explanation of the term, and that here given by the Author 
 he thinks can leave no doubt of its historical accuracy. Alciati published his 
 famous work in Paris and in the French language.
 
 Street-Lore of Bath. 
 
 13 
 
 " The four last Conduits were supply'd with a Spring of 
 Water on Beacon Hill, granted to the Abbey of Batli by 
 the Parish of Waldcot, for a certain Quantity of Bread, 
 to be paid Yearly ; and King Edward VI. by his Patent 
 of the 12th of July, A.D. 1552, made this Water part of 
 his Gift to the Corporation, for the Maintenance of ten of 
 the Poor aged People of the City, and for the Instruction 
 of the Youth in the Latin Tongue." This spring was 
 called " St. Swithin's Well." 
 
 " Stall's Conduit made the Termination of the Central 
 Lines of Clieap Street, West-Gate Street and Stall Street ; 
 and St. James's Conduit faced the South Gate, as St. 
 Mary's did the North Gate. 
 
 "These two Conduits were supply'd with a Spring of 
 Water, granted to the City by the first Proprietors of the 
 dissolved Priory of Bath ; reserving, however, for the Use 
 of the Abbey Buildings, a certain Quantity of the Water, 
 which those Buildings now enjoy." No tra.ce of it left. 
 . In the year 1767 Richard Jones constructed the reser- 
 voir on Beacon Hill ; and, under the Act of 1790, the 
 Corporation obtained powers to effect great changes 
 in the streets; authority being likewise obtained for the 
 acquisition of these springs. Two years later, 1769, 
 Richard Jones also constructed the reservoirs on Bath- 
 wick Hill, by which the supply of the city was to 
 some extent augmented. Down to the latter date this 
 is all that is known of the water supply. As to the pre- 
 historic supply we know very little. There are various 
 conjectures and theories, and some very positive state- 
 ments on the subject, but as to the latter, we find 
 always a class, happily small, who affect to know, with 
 absolute certainty, what occurred a thousand years and 
 upwards ago, who are ignorant of events that happened 
 a decade since. [See Union Street.]
 
 STKEET-LOKE OF BATH. 
 
 ABBEY Church, 1491 [BisJiop King]. Said by many, 
 and with much reason, to occupy a portion of the site 
 of the Roman Basilica, wholly destroyed during the inter- 
 val between the departure of the Romans and the Saxon 
 Conquest. 1 On the same, or portion of the same, site the 
 Saxon Cathedral of Offa 2 also stood, of which not a 
 vestige has ever been discovered, although Edgar was 
 crowned in it. Again, John de Villula, in the llth 
 century, reared the magnificent Norman Cathedral, 
 which was twice the length of, and five feet wider than, 
 the Abbey, and of which some portions are still in situ. 
 Abbey Church, closed for alterations, <fec., Jan. 5th, 1835. 
 Re-opened June 28th. In 1573 this church, Stall's, 
 with Widcombe, St. Michael's, and St. James's, were con- 
 solidated into one Rectory, the patronage being vested 
 
 1 Saxon Churches, for the most part, were built of wood, with little or no 
 pretensions to architectural beauty. Writing in the 14th century, John Trevise, 
 comparing his own times with those of the Saxons, says: "Then had ye 
 wooden churches and wooden chalices and golden priests ; now have ye golden 
 chalices and wooden priests." Fuller also speaks of the simplicity of primi- 
 tive devotion. The ancient churches were built in the form of the Roman 
 Basilicas and without transepts. Ramsey Abbey, in 974, was the first ecclesi- 
 astical structure with transepts ; it was also about the same period that 
 towers and steeples were introduced. 
 
 2 It was in the year 577 that Aqitce Solis fell into the hands of the Saxons, 
 who, under the command of Ceaulin and Cuthwin, overcame Commail, Candidan, 
 and Farinmail, the three British kings of Gloucester, Cirencester, and Bath, at 
 the Battle of Dyrham, eight miles from the latter place. 
 
 Bath now received the privileges of a Saxon burgh ; had its Gerefa, or 
 justiciary, appointed to it, who presided in the monthly meeting of its citizens
 
 Street-Lwe of Bath. 15 
 
 in the corporation. Stall's parish ceased to exist in 
 1577, and the church ultimately became a ruin, and 
 was removed in the last century. Under the provisions 
 of the Municipal Corporations' Act, 1835, the corporate 
 body could not retain the patronage, which was disposed 
 of to the Simeon Trustees. The several rectories are 
 now separated [see preface to Bath, Old and Neio\. 
 During the period from 1824 to 1835 the sum of 
 10,640 : 3s. lid. was expended by the Corporation of 
 Bath in the removal of houses, and in the restoration 
 
 called the turf emote or folcmote, instituted for the regulation of the police 
 and the administration of the laws within the burgh. Nor was a monastery 
 wanting to give consequence to the town : Osric, the Saxon king of the Huicii, 
 presented the pious female Bertana with one hundred families, their goods, 
 lands, and chattels. Herewith was founded a convent for the reception and 
 support of a certain number of nuns in the year 676. But amid the tempestuous 
 events of these times of ignorance, darkness, and confusion, the institution of 
 Osric fell into decay, and when the renowned Offa, king of Mercia, wrested 
 Bath from the Prince of Wessex, in the year 775, he found only the name of 
 Osric's nunnery remaining to direct him to a spot where he might establish a 
 college of secular canons. 
 
 The Dean of Gloucester, (the Very Rev. H. Donald M. Spence, D.D.) the cus- 
 todian, claims to have made the very important discovery that the actual remains 
 of Osric, King of Northumbria, who was buried A.D. 729, lie beneath the beauti- 
 ful shrine erected to his memory, which stands on the right hand of the high 
 altar in the choir of Gloucester Cathedral. This shrine is the work of Abbot 
 Malvern, Abbot of Gloucester in the days of Henry VIII., and it has 
 been generally supposed to be merely a memorial simply a cenotaph, or empty 
 tomb. This supposition probably arose from the distance back to which the 
 interment dates namely, 1,162 years. Britton speaks of the memorial as a 
 "cenotaph, or empty tomb," and all local guide-books repeat what is now believed 
 to be a mistake. It was certainly a natural thing to doubt that the remains of 
 one who had passed away in the eighth century were preserved, and that the 
 dust of the bones of the founder of the abbey still reposed beneath its sacred 
 roof. It seemed incredible (as the Dean remarks in a short history of the dis- 
 covery he has had printed for private circulation) that the hallowed dust of 
 Osric could have escaped the ravages of war, time, and neglect, the forays of 
 the Vikings and Norman pillage, the confiscations of Henry VIII., and the yet 
 more dangerous guardianship of Cromwell's Ironsides. Thus it was that 
 successive historians spoke of the memorial as simply an empty tomb, and that 
 the statement until now has never been questioned. 
 
 Dean Spence adopted the tradition of his predecessors in the Deanery of 
 Gloucester Cathedral, until quite recently. It is stated in Leland's notes, 
 which he made in the course of his official visit to Gloucester Abbey, by
 
 16 
 
 of the outside of the Church, and in altering and 
 repairing the Choir. Thirty -three houses were taken 
 down, many of which had been built against the walls of 
 the sacred building. 1 At the time this work was being 
 carried out a large sum was raised by voluntary sub- 
 scriptions for the repair of Prior Bird's Oratory, and 
 for the organ. The arrangements then made lasted 
 until the incumbency of the Eev. Charles Kemble, in 
 
 1 At the end of the choir, under the East window, a " tool house " was put 
 up, about 1760, in which were kept the sexton's appliances: shovels, pick -axes, 
 and other delicate instruments for burial purposes. In 1826 this was removed 
 and another made under ground, near the north transept, now enclosed [see 
 article-. Cemeteries and Sanitation}. 
 
 the desire of Henry VIII., shortly after the dissolution in 1540, that 
 " Osric, founder of Gloucester Abbey, first laye in St. Petronell's Chapell, 
 thence removed into our Lady Chapell, and thence removed of late dayes 
 and layd under a fayre tombe of stone on the North side of the High 
 Aultar. At the foote of the tombe is this, written on a Norman pillar, ' Osricus 
 rex primus fundator hujus monasterii, 681.' " There is no reason to suppose 
 that Leland's "memory "was inaccurate, since it was probable that he had 
 heard it from an eye-witness of the translation of the founder's remains from 
 the Lady Chapel. It was reasoned, therefore, that the memorial tomb marked 
 the actual resting-place of the remains of the great Northumbrian King, and 
 founder of the abbey. Two panels were taken out of the stone locnlus, and a 
 long leaden coffin was disclosed, lying exactly beneath the King's effigy. The 
 contents of the coffin disclosed the remains of a very ancient interment. Much 
 of the cement which had once fastened down the stone effigy of Osric had fallen 
 into the end of the coffin, broken by the weight of the superincumbent figure, 
 and a few small bones were discovered mingled with the cement. No attempt 
 was made to discover Royal insignia or fragments of vesture, and the remains 
 were left untouched. Dr. Spence claims that by this search he has verified 
 beyond all doubt the statement of Leland in 1540-41, concerning the translation 
 of the remains of the Royal founder of Gloucester Cathedral, and that the 
 beautiful tomb, known as Osric's tomb, is no mere monument raised in 
 pious memory of the King, but the actual resting-place of the founder 's 
 remains. 
 
 The importance of this discovery lies in the fact that it is believed that, in 
 the tomb of Osric, Gloucester may claim the guardianship of the oldest known 
 remains of the Saxon Kings. Fragments are known to exist in other minsters. 
 Winchester possesses some of the ashes of Kynegils, King of the West Saxons, 
 who died A.D. 643 ; and at Durham the skull of King Oswald rests with the 
 bones of St. Cuthbert. But beyond these it is not known that the remains of 
 any Saxon Kings have been preserved. The fact of the remains of King Osric 
 being found in a leaden coffin is thus of almost unique interest. The lead coffin 
 probably replaces a more ancient stone loculus.
 
 Slreet-Lm-e of Bath. 17 
 
 I860, 1 when they were superseded by the vast changes he 
 carried out so thoroughly, and which extended over a 
 period of ten years \sefi Bath, Old and New, pp. 80-96]. 
 
 Two very curious facts of the last century will throw 
 light upon the relations between the citizens and ihe 
 clergy of the Abbey. In 1718, Thomas Atwood, father 
 of Burke's friend, built a house against two of the North 
 Windows, and completely excluded the light. Remon- 
 strances from the clergy and parishioners followed, but 
 they might as well have remonstrated against the north 
 wind. 
 
 In 1721, one and twenty shillings per annum were 
 voted to William Barwell to keep the Watch in the said 
 Parish Church in good order. 
 Inscriptions upon the Bells 2 of the Abbey Church. 
 
 1. FRANCIS BENNETT, ESQ., MAYOR, 1774. 
 
 2. NICHOLAS BEAKER. GEORGE CLARK. WARDEN, 1774. 
 
 3. WHEN YOV ME RING, I SWEETLY SING. A R ^ , 1700. 
 
 1 At a vestry meeting soon after held, the parishioners unanimously resolved 
 " That the churchwardens of St. Peter and St. Paul, Bath, be authorised to 
 apply to the Consistory Court at Wells for a faculty to carry out the following 
 alterations within the parish church, viz., to take down and remove the organ 
 from the present gallery and re-erect the same in the north transept ; to take 
 down and remove the pulpit, reading-desk, clerk's desk, galleries, pews, and all 
 other fittings now erected and being in the choir, and to take up the flooring of 
 the said choir and erect the pulpit, reading-desk, clerk's desk, pews, and sittings 
 in the nave, and re-lay the floor of the choir with the same stones ; to remove 
 the stone screen from the middle of the said church, and re-erect the same at 
 the west-end thereof, or some other convenient place, or otherwise ; to take up 
 the flooring of the nave, and re-lay the same with the stones taken up; to erect 
 pews and sittings in the choir, nave, and transept ; to use and employ any of 
 the materials removed in the re-fitting of the said choir and nave, or otherwise 
 to sell the same, and apply the proceeds in and towards the expenses of such 
 re-fittings ; to remove all tombs, monuments, and tablets now erected, and 
 being in and against the walls of the said church, and, without destroying or 
 defacing any inscriptions thereon, to reduce the same in size and re-erect and 
 fix the said tombs, monuments, and tablets in some other appropriate and 
 convenient place or places within the said church ; and to remove, alter, and 
 re-erect the rails of the chancel of the said church." 
 
 2 " And it is said that his people [at Bemerton] would let their plough rest 
 when George Herbert's saints' bell rang to prayers." 
 
 2
 
 18 Street-Lore of Bath. 
 
 4. GOD PROSPER THE CHVRCH OP ENGLAND. A R ^ ^, 1700. 
 
 5. PROSPERITY TO ALL OVR BENEFACTORS. A R ^, 1700. 
 
 6. PRAY RING VS TRV. WE WILL PRAISE YOV. A R ^, 1700. 
 
 7. PEACE AND GOOD NEIGHBOVRHOOD. A R fa ^, 1700. 
 
 8. JAMES SMITH. SAMVEL DITCHER. CHVRCHWARDENS, A R 
 
 & A* 170 - 
 
 9. THO. GIBBS, MAIOR. MR. WILLIAM CLEMENT, MINISTER. 
 ANNO DOMINI, 1700. 
 
 10. ALL YOV OF BATHE THAT HEARE ME SOVND, THANK LEDY 
 HOPTON'S HVNDRED POVND. ABRA. RVDHALL CAST VS ALL. 
 ANO. DO., 1700. 
 
 Originally there were six bells. In 1700 they were 
 re-cast into eight, and the cost defrayed by a rate levied 
 upon the " whole city." The ninth bell was paid for by 
 voluntary subscriptions, and the tenth tells its own 
 story. The peal was re-hung in 1890 by Messrs. Gillett 
 and Johnston, with new elm stocks and new bearings. 
 Abbey Carillon, erected April, 1890. The machine was 
 manufactured and fixed by Messrs. Gillett and Johnston 
 the well-known clock manufacturers and bell founders 
 of Croydon, at a cost of nearly j300. The machine is 
 constructed on their improved system, which has many 
 advantages over the old style of carillon machines ; for 
 instance, instead of the barrel upon which the music is 
 arranged having also to lift the hammers, the two 
 actions are now entirely separated. By an ingenious 
 contrivance the hammers are continually suspended, 
 being raised by a number of revolving cams, and are 
 simply allowed to fall the instant the pins on the 
 musical barrel liberate them. The actions of letting off 
 and raising the hammers being perfectly simultaneous, 
 the blow on the bell is scarcely felt on the musical 
 barrel, and all dragging and unevenness of action which 
 were so detrimental in the old style of machines are 
 entirely avoided.
 
 Street-Lore of Bath. 
 
 19 
 
 The barrel on which the tunes are pricked is made of 
 copper, and is studded with steel pins for the purpose 
 of releasing the hammers. The motive power is derived 
 from cast iron weights (weighing upwards of 8 cwt.) 
 which are suspended by a line made of twisted steel 
 wire of great strength. The machine has been con- 
 structed to play seven tunes on the ten bells, each tune 
 being played several times, at the hours 5 and 9 a.m., 
 and 1, 5, and 9 p.m. The following is a list of the 
 tunes : 
 
 Sunday ... " Easter Hymn." 
 
 Monday ... "Stella." 
 
 Tuesday ... "The Harp that once in Tara's Halls." 
 
 Wednesday... "All Saints." (1711.) 
 
 Thursday ... " Ye Banks and Braes o' Bonny Boon. " 
 
 Friday ,.. " Come ye faithful." (1640.) 
 
 Saturday ... "Tom Bowling." 
 
 The Carillon superseded the old chimes. It differs 
 from the latter in that the bells, as described above, are 
 fixed instead of swinging and may be of greater number. 
 In a chime or peal the number never exceeds 12; a 
 caiillon often consists of 40 or 50. The Carillons of the 
 Netherlands were formerly famous, but the best are now 
 found in England. The Carillon of Antwerp Cathedral 
 consists of 60 bells ; that of Bruges is much larger. 
 
 Abbey Church House, 1 Westgate Buildings [see Hungerford 
 House], 
 
 I Abbey House. Bath Journal, March Vtth, 1755. 
 
 "The Abbey House (an ancient structure adjoining to the Church) is pulling 
 down in order to erect a neat pile of buildings on the same spot of ground," 
 which were built and pulled down in 1829. The said "neat pile" was a dis- 
 grace to the site and a reproach to the city. At the same time the remains of 
 the tennis court, or what were said to be such, over the site of the Roman 
 Bath, were removed.
 
 20 Street-Lore of Bath. 
 
 Abbey Church Yard. 1 It is now properly so called. 
 Originally it derived its name from Stall's Church, 
 before the Abbey was built. 
 
 In the reference to Abbey Churchyard, attention is 
 duly drawn to its historic character and interest. We 
 have there shown that the buildings on the south side of 
 that ancient site were erected in the early part of this 
 century ; and we have now to record another proposed 
 advance in the direction of improvement. It has been 
 evident, indeed, from the time when the present Roman 
 discoveries were made, and the enlargement of the 
 bathing system, with all its modern appliances brought 
 into full working order, that other operations comnien- 
 
 1 There is no doubt that from the time of the Romans down to the present 
 day the site of the Churchyard has been the very centre of historic interest. 
 One fact, perhaps, is more than ordinarily significant, and that is that succes- 
 sive rulers and conquerors seem to have instinctively regarded it as the central 
 point of interest, without knowing much, if anything, of the uses to whicli it 
 had been previously appropriated. There was the period of 150 years between 
 the departure of the Romans and the accession of the Saxons, during which 
 period the traces of the former had been, in a sense, effaced. The Saxons, it is 
 clear, knew nothing of the Roman Baths, and little, if anything, of their Temples 
 and Palaces. The Normans, it is equally clear, whatever they may have known 
 of the Roman occupation, knew little of the life and habits of the Romans, 
 or of the Roman relics, which have been brought to light in modern times. 
 The great Norman Bishop, John de Villula, built his palace immediately over 
 the Roman Baths, now one of the glories of the city, and these baths and 
 those discovered in 1755, were not only unknown to the Normans, but mani- 
 festly their existence was never dreamed of by successive generations, until 
 a comparatively recent period. 
 
 The modern associations of the "Churchyard" are interesting, and need a 
 fuller description than can be given to other localities. Going back to the seven- 
 teenth century we find that the site, the area of which was only 123 feet in length, 
 and 23 in width, like all the surroundings of the Abbey, was perverted in the 
 most discreditable manner. The South-west end was occupied by the old pump- 
 house [see page 78], opposite to which there was a court (which had formed a 
 part of Stall's Churchyard), in which there were ten houses. The south side, 
 which is now represented by the houses, 2, 3, 4, 5 (the three latter being about to 
 be removed for an extension of the Pump Room), was occupied by two very large 
 Elizabethan mansions, which obtruded far into the area. The corner house was 
 called " Mr. Mpre's Lodgings " (More was an apothecary), the east end of which 
 faced the Abbey House ; between these two houses there was a narrow passage 
 leading to the Abbey Green, called "More's Throng." In 1744 these two 
 houses and their sites were granted by the Duke of Kingston to the said Mr.
 
 Street-Lore of Bath. 21 
 
 surate therewith must, sooner or later, be undertaken. 
 Whilst it would be out of place here to advocate the 
 adoption of any particular scheme, it may be quite 
 within our province, in a work dealing with the growth 
 and development of Bath, to express the earnest hope 
 that the scheme adopted may be full, complete, and 
 worthy of the city. The whole south side of the Church- 
 yard is now available to the authorities, and in propor- 
 tion to the large extent of the area to be dealt with, 
 namely, 7744 square feet, irrespective of the Roman 
 Baths, which occupy 6912 square feet, so in proportion 
 is it imperatively demanded that there shall be no tin- 
 kering and tampering with a scheme of such great im- 
 portance to the present and the future. 
 
 " Be wyse, ready, and well aduysed" 
 the time may never come again. 
 
 It has been the constant theme of the historian and 
 the antiquary that we have missed great opportunities in 
 the past they are standing reproaches against us, and 
 an ineffaceable discredit to our forefathers. The destruc- 
 tion of the earlier Roman discoveries of 1755, the ignorant 
 
 More or a successor. After the Abbey House was pulled down in 1755, when 
 the Roman Baths were discovered, the two houses in question were demolished, 
 Stall's court and small buildings followed, and some improvement was the 
 result, but not all that was needed. The Town Council, with characteristic 
 perversity, instead of throwing open the space made by the removal of the 
 Abbey House, proceeded to build some execrable houses on the site, the 
 gables and chimneys of which touched the Abbey itself on the south-west end, 
 evidence of which may still be seen [seepage 87]. Some small tenements were 
 erected on the site of More's house, and these remained until 1806. In June 
 of that year the property was sold, and between that period and 1810, live 
 houses and Nos. 2, 3, 4, were erected. Those on the North, forming one side 
 of Cheap Street, were erected before that ilate ; one, 14, being built for Marshal 
 Wade about 1740 [see Wade\, and the rest, up to the archway, later, one being 
 built by Ralph Allen for " Mr. Harford." When Cheap Street (originally 13 feet 
 wide) was rebuilt about 1790, some of the houses were cut down on their 
 north faces. The block from 6 to 10, stands upon Stall's court. [See next 
 article, and " Kingston House"}.
 
 22 Street-Lore of Bath, 
 
 spirit of vandalism which led to the entire demolition 
 of the walls and gates ; the many opportunities neglected 
 through a spirit of false economy : the results of these 
 we have to endure, but let us resolve not to add to their 
 number and incur further reproach. We give a brief 
 account of what is now projected, and, when our second 
 edition is issued, we hope to see the work begun, and 
 finished simultaneously with our third. 
 
 Little or no interest attaches to the houses, as such, 1 
 the sites of which, under the scheme, it is proposed to 
 utilize. That scheme is comprehensive, well conceived, 
 and practicable. It will give Bath just what is needful 
 to secure for her that pre-eminence amongst English 
 Watering Places which her natural resources deserve 
 and demand. The cost is estimated at from 40,000 to 
 45,000. This will probably be cut down to 30,000. 
 
 Provisional Contracts have been entered into for 
 the purchase of No. 3, Abbey Churchyard, for 3000, 
 and No. 4 for 2000, the rest being already the pro- 
 perty of the corporation. 
 
 According to the scheme the present Pump Room is 
 to be devoted exclusively to the water drinkers, with pro- 
 vision for readers of the daily papers, local 2 and general 
 
 1 Except that which stood near to the Koilian Baths, built by the Duke of 
 Kingston, but in which he never resided. The pediment on which the ducal 
 arms are carved, is preserved, 
 
 2 We should be glad to see more adequate provision in this class of local litera- 
 ture. There are many visitors to Bath who, being imbued with literary tastes, 
 soon become interested in the history and traditions of our city, for the full 
 gratification of which no public provision at present exists. It is no vain boast 
 when we say that the literature of Bath, in its general and especial charactcrist ics 
 and interest, excels that of almost any other provincial town or city ; and yet 
 it is too true, that eminent visitors come and go, who in vain have sought to 
 know something more of our city than is to be found in the current books of 
 the day. There are books that cannot be bought in the ordinary way, and a 
 collection of such works embodying the records, folk lore, and all that may be 
 " Learned from our traditionally wise " would add importance and interest to a 
 city whose i<ast extends far beyond Roman times.
 
 Street-Lore of Bath. 23 
 
 literature. From this room easy access is to be afforded 
 to the Baths as well as to every other part of the 
 establishment in connection therewith. The new build- 
 ings are to comprise on the same floor with the present 
 Pump Room a good entrance -corridor and vestibule, 
 a cloak room for ladies and another for gentlemen, 
 complete sanitary arrangements, and ticket collector's 
 office. A concert room not more than half as large 
 again as the present Pump Room will be the first con- 
 sideration in the plan, and this so constructed as to 
 permit of a corridor of sufficient length and width for 
 invalids to exercise in. 
 
 A conversation room and a similar room for chamber 
 music, and, if practicable, another room for smoking, 
 on the same floor, are proposed. Connected with these 
 rooms, light refreshment may be provided. 
 
 The Roman Bath as well as the King's Bath are 
 to be properly roofed in. The roof of the Roman 
 Bath should be sufficiently lofty to admit of the 
 erection of a side balcony round it on a level with the 
 floor of the Pump Room. Easy access should be pro- 
 vided by a staircase to the lower level of the Schola 
 of the Bath, to which the general public is to be admitted 
 by a separate entrance. 
 
 The area underlying the site on which are to be erected 
 the additions to the Pump Room is to be excavated to 
 the level of the Roman Bath, and whatever may be 
 found of antiquarian interest will be carefully preserved. 
 Provision, it is hoped, may be made for the appropriation 
 of a part of the basement as a museum for the Roman 
 and other antiquities already discovered, belonging to the 
 corporation, and for such as may in future be found. At 
 present the space in the Royal Literary Institution is 
 not only inadequate for the purpose, but, as a matter of
 
 24 Street Lore of Bath. 
 
 fact, the collection is not free to the public, nor, it must 
 be conceded, is it seen to advantage. A collection of 
 such importance should be arranged with the skill and 
 care required by antiquarian intelligence, instead of 
 being scattered about like so much lumber in passages 
 and lobbies, with no one to vouchsafe a clear and 
 interesting elucidation of each object in its due order. 
 Besides this, each object in such a collection should be 
 simply and clearly described, with free access to the 
 public on stated occasions. A provision of this nature 
 would add much to the interest of the city, in which 
 at present, its antiquarian treasures are neglected. \_lSee 
 note p. %2]. 
 
 It is intended that in connection with the contem- 
 plated work some arrangement may be made for storing 
 the water which now runs to waste during the night 
 and on Sundays. 
 
 Abbey Gate Street, 1758. A house at the north-east 
 corner (a baker's shop) of the L7th century, and some fine 
 examples near of Wood's architecture of the last century. 
 
 Abbey Green, 1755-8. No. 1, on the North side, and 
 No. 3 on the East, were built for Ralph Allen, under 
 the direction and from the designs of Kichard Jones. 
 The former in its internal arrangements and design, 
 especially the entrance hall and staircase, are evidently 
 borrowed from Wood. The latter is a conventional 
 but well constructed dwelling. 
 
 Abbey lighted with gas, July, 1822. 
 
 Abbey Litten. The Monks' burial ground, on the site of 
 the School, "Lo Studio," and part of "The Walks." 
 
 Abbey Street, 1758-60. 
 
 Abbey Tower, New Flag Staff, Sept. 27th, 1853, the 
 former orie having been broken by the wind, Aug. 26th. 
 Length of new pole, 49 ft 8 ins.
 
 Street-Lore of Bath. 
 
 25 
 
 Abbey View, 1862-4. 
 
 Abingdon Buildings. 
 
 Act of Parliament for improving the City, 1790. Under 
 this Act Bath Street was built ; old buildings removed, 
 including the "Bear." Union Street built, Cheap Street 
 widened and re-built, and many other improvements 
 effected. All completed in 1807. Compensation to 
 owners of property cost the city about 30,000. 
 
 Adelaide Place, 1812. 
 
 Ainslie's Belvedere, 1806. No. 9, the house at the east 
 corner, was for many years the district Police Station. 
 
 Albion Place, latter part of last century. 
 
 Alexander Buildings, between 1792-5. 
 
 Alfred Street, 1768. /. Wood, II. So called to com- 
 memorate the memory of King Alfred, to whom 
 tradition attributes the re-building of the Walls of the 
 City, after the Romans. [See Walls.] 
 
 Allen's House, 1 near the North Parade, is approached by 
 a narrow alley between the houses built long since 
 Allen's death. It is commonly supposed that the house 
 
 1 The architecture and building of this once admired mansion were generally 
 ascribed to Wood. As a rule Wood adhered to his own style, of which he had 
 much reason to be proud. Of this house he speaks contemptuously. He says, 
 " The designs as well as a model for this addition were made while I was in 
 London, in the Spring of the year 1727," and he adds some scornful remarks 
 upon the smock racing, pig racing, and running with the feet in bags, which 
 
 followed the ceremony of laying out the garden Then he adds, " While 
 
 Mr. Allen was making the addition to the North part of his house, he new- 
 fronted and raised the old building (the centre) a full storey higher ; it consists 
 of a basement storey sustaining a double storey under the crowning, and this 
 is surmounted by an attick, which created a. tixth rate house," sarcastically 
 .summing up the result as "a sample for the greatest magnificence that was 
 ever proposed by me for our city houses." The north wing was demolished 
 when the Freemasons' Hall was erected. Wood only came to the city in May, 
 1727, and the first building on which he was engaged was Dame Lindsey's 
 Rooms, which were completed and opened in 1730. These rooms occupied the 
 sites of Nos. 3 and 3a, Terrace Walks, the opening to York Street, and the 
 house at the opposite corner, No. 4, Terrace Walks. [See note to Assembly 
 Koontt}.
 
 26 Street-Lore of Bath. 
 
 was designed and built by Wood for Allen, but it is 
 not so. The style is not Wood's, being much more 
 ornate than that usually adopted by the great archi- 
 tect. The centre and south wing of the mansion were 
 already standing ; the former was raised a storey, and 
 the north wing added. In front was a beautiful sloping 
 garden, which, after the city walls were removed, 
 extended nearer to the grounds of Harrison's Walks. 
 Ralph Allen, before he occupied the house here described, 
 lived near Lilliput Alley, in the house in which the postal 
 business was conducted. Then his brother, Philip 
 Allen, who had for some years succeeded him in the 
 local postmastership, resided there. The house is now 
 numbered la, North Parade, and is used as a printing- 
 office. [See Post Office, Prior Park, Hampton Manor, 
 and Clavertori\. 
 
 Allen's Stone Yard and Basin. [See Claverton Street]. 
 
 Alexandra Road, 1865. 
 
 Ambury, Proposal for Hospital, 1727. [See H.] 
 
 Ambury Lane, 1731. Strahan. 
 
 Ambury Mead or Meadows. The streets built upon this 
 site were Lower Queen Street (Peter Street), Thomas 
 Street, and Corn Street. Ambury, or Almery, was so 
 called because the Mead led to the Almonry of the 
 Monastery. 
 
 Argyle Street, originally "Buildings," 1789; Chapel, 1789. 
 Schools, 1802. Argyle Place same time. [Old style of 
 spelling followed, present style being Argyll]. 
 
 Assembly Rooms, First Stone May 24th, 1769. Opened 
 Oct. 1771, Wood II. 1 The finest suite of rooms in the 
 kingdom. 
 
 1 The first Assembly Rooms were built on the site of the Royal Literary 
 Institution in 1708 by Harrison. This building was enlarged in 1720 from 
 the designs of Killigrew. Harrison died in 1737, and was succeeded by Miss 
 Hayes, who married Lord Hawley (gamblers both). Then the lessee was
 
 Street-Lore of Bath. 
 
 27 
 
 Audloy Road. 1860-5. 
 
 Augusta Place, Lyncombe Hill. 
 
 Avon Street, 1730. In 1771, an advertisement Dec. 5th 
 announces that "a modern Cassapus, or Wonderful 
 Giant, which has been exhibited at the Three Cups in 
 Northgate Street had been removed to a niore rjenteel 
 and airy room at The Rose in Avon Street." " A rose 
 by any other name " was not so sweet, evidently. 
 
 Axford Buildings, now a part of the Paragon, built by 
 Mr. Joseph Axford, about 1775. 
 
 the servant and manager, Simpson, by whom they were enlarged ;n 1749, and 
 who carried them on until his death, and were afterwards carried on by 
 successive lessees until 1820. 
 
 On the south-west side of these rooms Harrison, the lessee of the rival rooms, 
 laid out the gardens and walks, long a fashionable resort, and known as 
 Harrison s Walks. 
 
 The next Assembly Rooms, on the Walks, which later were called The Lower 
 Rooms were built by Humphrey Thayer from Wood's designs, in 1728. The first 
 lessee was Mrs. Lindsey, who, having made a large fortune, died in 1736, and 
 was succeeded by her maid, Catherine Lovelace, who also made a fortune, and 
 was succeeded by Mrs. Wiltshire, and she by her son. This was the man who, 
 over gambling transactions, in 1737, quarrelled with Nash, whose reputation 
 through the exposure in the law-courts received a fatal blow. [See Historic 
 Houses}. When Nash died these rooms were used as furniture stores. 
 
 A curious commentary on the habits of the day, "the good old times" is 
 supplied in the minutes of the vestry of the Abbey. "It is ordered and agreed 
 that the Present Churchwardens and Overseers of the said parrish be emiwwered 
 to employ Mr. Samuel Purlewait, Attoriiey-at-Law, to take proper measures to 
 recover that part of the live hundred pounds which Mr. Walter Wiltshire was 
 ordered to pay on his conviction (for keeping an unlawful gaming table, which 
 trial was at Wells Assizes in August last) to the poor of the Parrish wherein the 
 fact was committed." This tine was inflicted as the result of the action brought 
 by Nash to recover the amount of commission due to him according to the com- 
 pact between him and Wiltshire, by which the latter agreed to allow the former 
 half tlio winnings in the gambling transaction. Nash provided tin; pigeons, 
 Wiltshire plucked them, and then refused to iiy. The Court held the transac- 
 tions to have been immoral and, whilst deciding against Nash on that ground, 
 lined Wiltshire- 500. After the building of the Upper Koorns, these rooms 
 ceased to be used for assemblies, gambling, &c., and, with the Theatre on the 
 basement floor, were used as a store-house for furniture, until they were demol- 
 ished when York Street was built, under the act of 170. It should be mentioned 
 that on these rooms ceasing to be used for their original purpose, the rival 
 rooms opposite were then called The Lower Rooms, and as such were conducted 
 under a Master of Ceremonies, until they were partly destroyed by lire, in 1820.
 
 28 Street-Lore of Bath. 
 
 "HAILBROOK House, was built about 1786 by Denham 
 _D Skeet, Esq., who resided there for about twenty years. 
 Originally it was called Bailbroolc Lodge. On the death 
 of Mr. Skeet, Lady Isabella King resided at the mansion 
 for some years ; then it was occupied by a Mr. 
 Jones, who, getting into debt exchanged it for a 
 larger, but much less cheerful and dignified abode. 
 In 1836, the property was acquired by Dr. Spry and Mr. 
 Terry, who established and conducted with success 
 an Asylum for Lunatics. The establishment is now 
 the property of, and conducted by, L. A. Weatherly, 
 Esq., M.D. 
 Back Street, 1770. 
 Ballance Street, 1786. 
 Banks 
 
 Tlie Old Bank, Market Place. Prescott, Dimsdale, 
 Cave, Tugwell and Co., Ltd. Open from 10 till 3. 
 Thursdays from 10 till 1. Draw on own firm, 50, Corn- 
 hill, London. 
 
 The oldest Bank in the City, having existed in un- 
 broken continuity from the year 1760. We give 
 the names of the firm down to 1828, from which 
 period it has varied in its personnel as little as 
 possible, considering the mutability of human 
 affairs. 
 
 1760 R. Clement, Draper & Banker, Wade's passage. 
 1783 Removed to High street, R. Clement. 
 1796 Clement and Tugwell. 
 1815 and Mackenzie. 
 
 1828 Tugwell, Mackenzie and Tugwell, with few 
 
 changes in its personnel until 
 
 1891 The Bank, by amalgamation with the eminent 
 London firms of Prescott & Co., Dimsdale 
 and Co., the Bristol firm of Cave and Co.,
 
 Street-Lore of Bath. 
 
 29 
 
 and the old local firm of George Moger 
 and Sons, assumed its present status and 
 style. Managing Directors : Members of 
 the old local firms. 
 
 Somersetshire, Stuckey's Banking Co., Limited, 39, 
 Milsom Street. A. Stuckey Lean, Manager. Open 
 from 10 till 3. Thursdays 10 till 1. Draw on Robarts, 
 Lubbock & Co., 15, Lombard Street, London. 
 
 1839 Stuckey, opened in Bath, Jan. 1st, 36, Milsom 
 
 Street. 
 
 1841 12, Old Bond Street, Nov., in amalgamation 
 with Bladud Bank. [Tuffnell & Co. ; see 
 Extinct Banks]. 
 
 185940, Milsom Street, Aug. 15th. 
 National Provincial, York Buildings. A. Williams, 
 Manager. Open from 10 till 3. Thursdays 10 till 1. 
 Draw on their own house in London. 
 
 Wilts $ Dorset (Limited), 1, George Street. J. T. 
 Digby, Manager. Open from 10 till 3 ; Thursdays 10 
 till 1. Draw on London and Westminster Bank (Ltd.), 
 Lothbury, London. 
 
 Bristol and West of England Bank (Limited), 
 42, Milsom St.; Manager Leonard C. Hare. London 
 Agents Union Bank of London. 
 
 National Bank of Wales (Limited), 8, Quiet Street; 
 
 Manager Lieut. -Col. A. Thrale Perkins. London 
 
 Agents Messrs. Martin & Co., (Ltd.), Lombard St., E.G. 
 
 EXTINCT BANKS, with the style and title by which 
 
 they were known 
 
 1768 ( Bath Bank, opened in Trim Street Mar. 1st. 
 
 1784} Cam, Whitehead, and Phillott. 
 
 1779 ,, Danvers. 
 
 1787 Phillott and Lowder. 
 
 1790
 
 30 Street-Lore of Bath. 
 
 1791 Cam, Whitehead, Phillott, & Lowder. 
 179o ,, 
 
 1796 Hobhouse, Clutterbuck, Phillott & Lowder 
 1815 Sir B. Hobhouse, Clutterbuck, Phillott, 
 Lowder & Phillott. Failed in 1841. 
 
 1775 ( Bath and Somersetshire Ban A; opened in 
 \ Milsom Street, March 27. 
 
 1784 ( Horlock, Mortimer, Anderdon, Goldney, and 
 
 Street. 
 1786 Removed to centre house in Somerset Bdgs., 
 
 Milsom Street, in June. 
 
 1787 to 1793 Horlock, Mortimer, & Anderdon. 
 1793 Horlock, Anderdon & Co. 
 1796 April 17, declared bankrupts. 
 
 1776 I" Bath City Bank, opened Nov. 5th, Abbey- 
 
 Churchyard. 
 
 1779 ( Peach, Kingston, Loscombe, Cross & Virgin. 
 1784 Peach, Kingston, Cross & James. 
 1787 Cross, Son, Hutchinson & James. 
 1790 Cross, Son & Bailey. 
 
 1793 Bayly, senr., Sons, Gutch & Cross. Failed. 
 1 790 ) Bladud Bank, opened in Bladud Bdgs. Mar. 25 
 1801 / Atwood, Abraham, Collett, Salmon & Harris. 
 1802-1809 Robinson, Tuffnell, Stroud, Collett, 
 
 Payne & Hope. 
 
 1810-1815 Tuffnell, Collett, Payne, Watts & Hope. 
 181G-1820 
 1821-1826 Falkner, Penny and 
 
 Falkner. 
 1829-1835 and Tuffnell. 
 
 Amalgamated with Stuckey's Banking Compy. 
 1797 Union Bank, opened in June in Milsom 
 
 Street, Crowe, Giles, Littleton, Holt & Co., 
 
 Closed in 1800.
 
 Street-Lore of Bath. 
 
 31 
 
 1812 Bath Bank, opened in Northgate St, 1812, 
 
 Cavanagh, Brown, Bayley, and Brown. 
 1819 Kemp, Cavanagh, and Brown. Failed 1826. 
 There was a bank in Union Street, but the precise 
 date of its establishment we cannot state. The Firm 
 consisted of Sturges, Goold, & Tucker. Sometime in 
 1810 this firm suspended payment. On the 19th Sept. 
 the firm issued the following circular : " Sturges, Goold, 
 & Tucker beg to return their grateful acknowledgments 
 to their friends and the public for the friendly indul- 
 gence experienced during the temporary suspension of 
 their business as Bankers, and have now the heartfelt 
 satisfaction of informing them that this Bank will 
 re-open on Friday next, the 21st inst." 
 
 "Union Street, Bath, Sept. 19th, 1810." 
 [When the Bank closed or amalgamated, or for what 
 leason it ceased to exist, we are unable to tell.] 
 
 On the 12th Sept., 1810, the following notice appeared 
 in the Bath Chronicle with reference to the suspension 
 of the above firm: "The notes of Messrs. Sturges, 
 Goold, and Tucker, will be continued to be taken at the 
 shop of S. Whitechurch, Ironmonger, in the Market 
 Place, either in payment of debts, or in exchange." 
 
 "Bath, Sept. 8, 1810." 
 
 This is now part of the well-known stores of the 
 eminent firm of Cater, Stoffell and Fortt. 
 
 Euclid Shaw and Giddings Hitchcock were Bankers 
 in the beginning of the century, but failed in August, 
 1810, a commission of Bankruptcy being issued against 
 them on the 31st of that month. 
 
 West of England $ South Wales Bank, opened 1834, 
 stopped payment Dec. 1878. 
 
 Baptist Chapel in Garrard Street, 1773. Secession in 1811 
 to Parsonage Lane. In York Street, 1812. [See C.~\
 
 32 
 
 Street-Lore of Bath. 
 
 Barnard Villas, Pulteney Koad, 1 1859, others later. 
 
 Barrow Castle, a small castellated building under the 
 shadow of Barrow Hill, approached by Lyncombe Hill. 
 
 Bartlett Street, 1786. 
 
 Barton House [see King Street, Old]. 
 
 Barton Street and Buildings, 1727. Wood. 
 
 Bath Bibliography. The subject of Bath Bibliography, in- 
 teresting as it is in itself, could not be adequately treated 
 in this work. It is moreover, at this moment, being 
 dealt with by a competent local scholar, by whom it will 
 be treated exhaustively. 2 The earliest Bath Book we 
 refer to as one of the landmarks of the great changes 
 and progress begun in the last century. This work was 
 The Elements of 
 
 f^ronologg: or, ff)c alen5ar *plame6. 
 
 CONTAINING, 
 
 A Discourse on the original institution of the Julian and 
 Gregorian Accounts of TIME ; The Indication of the 
 Romans, and Julian Period ; Of the /Era or Year of 
 CHRIST ; Of the Olympiads of the Greeks ; Of the 
 Building of Rome : and of the Turks and Arabs Account, 
 etc. 
 
 The Movable and Fix'd FEAST throughout the Year ; 
 the Cycles of the Sun, and Moon ; the Epact ; Golden 
 Number ; Domincal Letter ; Key Day ; Number of 
 Direction, etc. all largely accounted for. 
 
 Likewise complete TABLES for finding (faster ac- 
 cording to the Rule of the Nicene Council. 
 
 WITH 
 
 An APPENDIX, showing the most plain and easy 
 Rules, for Mensuration of Superficies and Solids : 
 Also Arithmetical 
 
 1 The road was made and the trees planted in 1835. In the same year the 
 Warmiuster Road (with the Avenue) was laid out. [See Roads}. 
 2 Mr. Emanuel Green, F.S A.
 
 Street-Lore of Bath. 
 
 33 
 
 Together with various Useful Tables, 
 All made easy to the meanest CAPACITY. 
 
 Bath : Printed by B. Lyons, 
 for the Author. 
 
 By Robert Spurrell, 
 Schoolmaster in Bath. 
 
 MDCCXXX. 
 
 This Book is dedicated 
 To the Right Worshipul FRANCIS BAVE, Esq., Mayor. 
 
 And to the Worshipful, 
 JOHN BILLING and THOMAS ATWOOD, 
 
 Esquires, Justices ; 
 And the rest of the Corporation of the City of Bath. 
 
 ADVERTISEMENT. 
 
 Writing and Arithmetic in all Us Parts, viz. Whole numbers 
 and Fractions, Vulgar, Decimal and Duodecimal, are Taught by 
 this Author, after the best Method: Also, Geometry, Trigonometry, 
 Navigation, Dialling, Gauging, Purveying, Use of the Globes, 
 Quadrant, Sector, etc. Likewise Vouths boarded and Persons 
 Taught Abroad. 
 
 The second book was a Poem, entitled " To the fore 
 Chairman that carried Her Majesty, 1 February, 1732. 
 By a gentleman at Bath. 
 
 Bath : Printed in the Year 
 MDCCXXXIIL 
 
 A POEM, 
 
 Printed by Felix Farley 2 at Shakspeare Head, 
 Without West Gate, MDCCXXXIIL" 
 
 1 The subject is the glorification of four chairmen who carried the Queen on 
 a public occasion. 
 
 2 Felix Farley, so far as we can trace, was the first printer of any eminence 
 in tin; city. He removed to Bristol and established Felix Farley's Bristol 
 Journal. We are not <mite sure, but we believe Felix Farley was succeeded by 
 l'<"l'l>'Icy in 1744, who was followed by Keene.
 
 34 Street-Lore of Bath. 
 
 Bath, Hot, Street, occupies the premises formerly called 
 Dr. Bave's Court, Leases dated 1805. 
 
 Bath, Hot. Plans appioved Jan. 4th, 1776, and ordered 
 to be immediately carried out. Wood II. 
 
 Bath, Cross, Pump Room, 1784. Baths Rebuilt 1790. 1 
 Baldwin. Restored and improved, 1891. 
 
 Bath, Hot, Pump Room, built 1792. Palmer. 
 
 Bath Street in 1791 was begun, under the Act of 1790. 
 
 Bath and West and Southern Counties Society. The 
 Society was established in Bath, in 1777, "for the 
 Encouragement of Agriculture, Manufactures, Commerce, 
 and the Fine Arts," and is the oldest Society of the 
 kind in the kingdom. It holds an Annual Exhibition 
 in one or other of the chief centres within its area of 
 operations, when prizes to a large amount are distributed. 
 It conducts scientific experiments on crops, and has 
 established several Schools for instruction in dairying, 
 whii h are carried on throughout the year. Attached to 
 its staff are a Consulting Chemist and a Consulting 
 Botanist, who conduct investigations for the members. 
 It offers encouragement to young artists, and to local 
 art workmanship, and holds an Annual Art Union. It 
 publishes a Journal of its proceedings, which also forms 
 a medium for recording and discussing the chief topics 
 of interest bearing upon the Society's objects, and 
 agriculture especially. The Secretary and Editor is 
 Mr. Thomas F. Plowman, of 4 and 5, Terrace Walk. 
 
 1 The predecessor of the present Cross Bath is associated with many in- 
 teresting facts and traditions (see page 70). During the Royal visit of Charles 
 II. and Katherine of Braganza (Chapman being Mayor), the "Queen's Matie." 
 being in the Cross Bath, then caused these lines to be set up : 
 " The name of Cross 
 Now lost it hath, 
 And shall be called 
 
 Queen Katherine's Bath." 
 Tradition and custom proved to be stronger than the Royal will.
 
 Street-Lore of Bath. 
 
 The founder was Mr. Thomas Eack, a member of the 
 Society of Friends, a man of vast energy and ability. A 
 large part of the information on which Collinson's His- 
 tory of the County is based, was collected by him. His 
 patience and industry were prodigious, and he may be 
 regarded as one of Bath's most estimable worthies. 
 
 Baths, Cleveland, 1815. 
 
 Baths, Kingston, 1770, Pump Boom, 1829, [originally 
 Abbey Baths]. 
 
 Baths, New Private, Stall Street, 1788 Baldwin. 
 
 [Copy of Brass Plate affixed to wall, Oct. 29th, 1817]. Central 
 Entrance in Stall Street, 1829. Decimus Burton. New Wing 
 opened by H.R.H. the Duchess of Albany, June, 1889. It is much 
 to be regretted that the style, whilst pretentious and affectedly 
 ornate, is not in harmony with the other public edifices. Da-vis. 
 
 Bathwick. Wyche or Wick, a village, incorporated with 
 the Parliamentary Borough of Bath by the Reform Act 
 of 1832 ; and under the Municipal Corporations' Act 
 of 1835 it became an integral part of the city. [See 
 Laura Place, and Bath, Old and New], 
 Bathwick Church, Cemetery [Smallcombe], Consecrated 
 
 May 10th, 1855 [see Cemeteries']. 
 
 Bathwick Church, first stone laid Sept. 1st, 1814. ' Pinch. 
 Bathwick Church, Consecrated Feb. 4th, 1820. [See 
 Bath, Old and New, 114-117.} 
 Inscriptions, and Weights and Diameters of the Bells. 
 
 There are cages for eight bells. 
 
 1. Wanting. 2. Wanting. In. cwl. 
 
 3. "T. Mears, of London, 1819" ...33 ... 7 Q sharp 
 4._ John Warner and Sons, 1880 " ... 35 ... 8 BJ flat 
 5. "T. Mears, of London, 1819" ...38 ... 10 AJ flat 
 
 1 Bathwick Old Church. Advertisement for contract for taking down the 
 Old Tower, &c., and completing the Chapel in the Burial Ground. 
 
 J3.C.G.,Jan. 14M, 1818, /. 1. 
 
 Tliis old Church was a small battered tumble-down structure, with saddle- 
 back tower roof. It is represented in " Egan's Walks through Bath," p. 110, 
 as it appeared in the year it was demolished.
 
 36 Street-Lore of Bath. 
 
 In. cwi. grs. Ibs. 
 
 6. "John Warner and Sons, 1880" ... 40 12 1 15 G sharp 
 7. " William Goodden and Thomas 
 Gibbons, Churchwardens, 
 
 1818, T. Rudhall/7/," ... 44} 15 FJ sharp 
 
 8. "T. Mears, of London," ... 49J 21 Eiflat 
 
 3, 5, 8 were in the Church at the time of its consecration, 1826. 
 
 4 and 6. Placed in the Church and dedicated October 16, 1880. 
 
 7. This bell was re-cast from the three bells which used to hang in 
 the tower of old Bathwick Church, and was placed in the mortuary 
 chapel (St. Paul's) erected in the parish churchyard with the old ma- 
 terials, when the old church was demolished. The bell was removed 
 from thence to its present position and re-dedicated Oct. 16, 1880. 
 
 Bathwick Hill, Houses above Dunsford Place, all in present 
 century [see Claverton Lodge, Montebello, and Oakwood]. 
 
 Bathwick Park, which had been small gardens, converted 
 into its present state, about 1843. Recently improved. 
 
 Bathwick School for Girls in Grove Street, 1814. 
 
 Bathwick Street, 1792-5. 1 
 
 Bathwick Terrace, 1842. 
 
 Bathwick Roads. The original road up the hill was little 
 more than a rough pathway, made in 1805 to the top of 
 George Street. In 1 835 the present macadamized road 
 was made. In the last century Widcombe and 
 Lyncombe and Bathwick were united by a footpath, 
 then by a very narrow road. In 1 805 the stone road was 
 made conjoining the parish with the Bristol Road. In 
 1835 this road was widened, macadamized, and the sides 
 planted with trees. When Barnard Villas were built the 
 pathways were improved. The New Warminster Road 
 was made under the Act of 1829, and trees planted 
 in 1835 [see Roads']. 
 
 1 Bathwick Street occupies the site of the ancient wyke or village, of which 
 only one house still exists, namely, the Public House ( The Crown) at the South- 
 east corner [seepage 191], 1790. The old church occupied the site at the termin- 
 ation of the Henrietta Road, near Rochfort Place.
 
 Street-Lore of Bath. 
 
 37 
 
 Beacon Hill. 1 
 
 Beaufort Buildings, East and West, 1817-19. 
 
 Beaufort Villas. Five houses, built by the late Mr. Salter, 
 1859, facing south east, to these are added others called 
 Southbourne Gardens, the entrance to which is a narrow 
 roadway leading from the Claremont Eoad towards 
 Tyning Lane 
 
 Beaufort Square, 1730. Strahan. [Erroneously called 
 Beauford]. 
 
 Beechen Cliff. 2 
 
 Beechen Cliff Eeservoir, constructed 1767. Richard Jones. 
 
 Belgrave Crescent. 
 
 Belgrave Place. 
 
 Belgrave Terrace. 
 
 Belmont, 1770. Wood II. 
 
 Belvedere, West side, 1775. Iron Railing affixed 1817. 
 Originally called Lansdown Street. \Sve Roads]. 
 
 Bennet Street and Colonnade, 1764. So called in compli- 
 ment to Philip Bennet of Widcombe House, M.P. for 
 Bath. [The name is correct with one t.] 
 
 Berkeley Place. 
 
 1 Beacon Hill, although so called for perhaps three centuries, has never 
 during that time played any part as one of the beacons of the city. Wood 
 says its ancient name was Carnhill, and that from its summit the fires in 
 heathen times were lit, and upon this hill King Arthur defeated the Saxons. 
 This is a mere romantic conjecture ; but the tetm Cam, whilst it is cognate to 
 the situation, is used in relation to many localities either as a prefix or suffix. 
 Charlcornbe no doubt should be Carn Combe, (the valley under the Caruhill) ; 
 Carn Well, the Well from the Carn ; Duncarnton. The word Carn has many 
 forms. In an old Map of Walcot parish, by Thorpe, 1742, there is a curious 
 corruption of the name. It is thus called Beck and Kill, an early instance of 
 the phonetic system of selling it would seem. 
 
 2 Beechen or Beeching Cliff is a comparatively modern name, so called 
 probably from the narrow beach which skirted the river at the foot of the hill 
 (now altogether done away with). The olden name was Blake or Black Leigh, 
 the meaning of which is most probably derived from the colour of the soil of 
 the Hill, and Leigh from the plain or open space on the summit surrounded by 
 the Woods. 
 
 Prebendary Earle says " What Mount Olivet is to- Jerusalem, and what, 
 Jotham's Crag is to Shechem, such is Beechen Cliff to the City of Bath.
 
 38 Street-Lore of Bath. 
 
 Berkeley Street. 
 
 Bladud Buildings, 1755. 
 
 Bladud Spa, see B.C., Jan. 1st, 1835. 
 
 Black Alms, or St. Catherine's Hospital, Bynibury Lane, 
 
 supposed to have been founded by seven sisters about 
 
 the year 1553 [see author's History of St. John's 
 
 Hospital, 1886]. 
 Bloomfield Crescent, 1801. 
 Bloomfield Gardens, 1886-7. 
 
 Bloomfield Place, about 1800. Harcourt Masters. 
 Bloomfield Road. 
 Bloomfield Terrace, about 1800. 
 Bloomfield House, 1800. Built for Mr. Grose, father of 
 
 the late Mrs. G. A. Jones, by Harcourt Masters, the 
 
 projector of the Sydney Gardens and architect of the 
 
 House. It was for a time the residence of Mr. Tugwell, 
 
 one of the founders of the eminent banking firm. 
 Blue Alms, or Bellott's Hospital, founded by Thomas Bellott, 
 
 1593 [see page 14%}, built 1611, re-huilt 1714, partly 
 
 re-built 1860 [Ibid]. 
 Bluecoat School established 1711 in Sawclose; old building 
 
 designed by Kelligrew 1822; present building 1860, 
 
 designed by Manners [see page 139]. 
 Bond Streets [see New and Old]. 1 
 Borough Walls, Lower, between 1792-5. 
 Borough Walls, Upper, between 1782-5. 
 Borough Walls, Upper, Lease of FuU Moon, 1781. Old 
 
 houses destroyed in 1745. 
 Bowling Green. The earliest occupied part of the site 
 
 of Abbey Orchard from about 1600 until the North 
 
 Parade was built [see also Green Street]. 
 
 1 It may be simply remarked that the term Bond has no distinctive meaning, 
 although in its application to streets it is so general. The first (Old) Bond 
 Street in London (1686) was so called after Sir T. Bond, who was Comptroller 
 of the Household to the Queen Mother (Henrietta Maria). The street was 
 fashionable, and hence the general adoption of the name.
 
 Street-Lore of Bath. 39 
 
 Bow Street, formerly Bell Tree Lane at the closo of the 
 
 16th century. 
 Bradley's Buildings in Southgate Street, by a Mr. Bradley 
 
 about 1762. 
 
 Briars [see Entry Hill]. 
 Bridewell Lane, first Plombtre, then Spurrier's Lane. 
 
 The old city Bridewell stood here [see Old Streets']. 
 Bridge, Cleveland, opened Sept. 28th, 1827. Goodridye. 
 Bridge, Grosvenor, finished Nov. 18th, 1830 (Suspension). 
 Bridge, North Parade, Foundation Stone laid July 23rd, 
 
 1835. 
 Bridge, Old, time immemorial, [see Paper on the subject 
 
 by Mr. Green], Houses adjoining pulled down, 1824. 
 
 [See Mainwaring's Annals]. 
 Bridge, Pulteney, 1775.' In 1804 one of the piers gave 
 
 way [see Mainwartng, p. 337]. Robert Adams, Architect. 
 Bridge Street, 1770. The City Wall, from the Eastgate, 
 
 extended in a diagonal direction across the site of this 
 
 street to the North Gate. 
 Broad Street, at different periods. 2 
 
 Brock Street, 3 begun 1765, finished 1766. J. Wood,jun. 
 Brooklyn Road. A broad and pleasantly situated street, 
 
 with 52 workmen's houses on each side [1882]. It was 
 
 formerly a gravelled walk, leading from the top of 
 
 1 The bridge is so called in honour of Sir William Johustone Pulteney, 
 Hart., whose name was Johustone, and who assumed the name and arms of 
 Pulteney on his marriage with the heiress of that family. [See Historic Houses}. 
 
 2 Broad Street, like Claverton Street, Walcot Street, and others, cannot be 
 referred to any precise period. It is a very ancient street. Only a few years 
 ago, the old Elizabethan mansion of Sir Thomas Estcourt, who represented the 
 city in Parliament in 10'JO, was demolished, others a little later were destroyed. 
 At present there are several houses of an early date, No. 35, 1709 ; the Saracen's 
 Head Inn, 1713, and some a few years later. In the 10th and 17th centuries 
 Broad Street, was the abode of the local aristocracy. 
 
 3 Margaret's Chapel, built at the expense of the Rev. Mr. Martyn. Opened by 
 Dr. Dodd, 1770. Linley, Organist. Called Margaret's after the Lady of the 
 Manor, Mrs. Margaret Garrard. Cornelius Norton, Arch.
 
 40 Street-Lore of Bath. 
 
 Dafford'd Street and Eldon Place to the spa at Lower 
 Swainswick, across a field known as a portion of Bay 
 Farm off Clareinont Road. The land, belonging to the 
 Simeon Trustees, was leased by Mr. Gould. 
 
 Brunswick Place, 1786. 1 
 
 Burlington Street, 1786. 
 
 Burlington Place, 1787. 
 
 Burton Street, 1781. Corruption of Berton or Barton. 
 The street was, no doubt, intended to have been much 
 longer, if the original design had been adhered to. That 
 design contemplated a continuity from Milsom Street to 
 the Old Bridge, with only trifling deviations. 
 
 1 It is commonly slated that the Laue called Guinea Lane, formed the link 
 with the Via Julia at this point, but none of the early maps show any such 
 street or any other junction between these early roads. In the course of cen- 
 turies this old local landmark has disappeared. It is easy to say, as many 
 antiquaries have said, and will continue to say, that because this lane comes up 
 from a lower level to the junction of the Via Julia, it is therefore a part of the 
 connecting link between that road aud the Fosse. There is not a tittle of 
 evidence to prove it. In the course of the last two centuries every vestige of 
 land between the line of the Fosse and the Via Julia lias been turned over and 
 over again in some form or other aud built upon, thus effacing any ancient land- 
 marks. The theory is based upon the prouability that a right angle at that 
 point would have formed such a junction as that contended for. As to the line 
 of the Fosse, it is proved by the historic evidence of ages, and so is that of the 
 Via Julia. From age to age a continuity of this evidence has been practically 
 maintained. The oldest maps show the former as a part of the city from 
 Holloway, whilst the site marked on the oldest maps in a distinct manner still 
 represents the road from Brunswick Street as the ancient line of road to Wcstou, 
 ivorthstoke, Upton, and so on to the Severn. Moreover there is little doubt that 
 the course of Walcot Street has been changed. Formerly it continued in a 
 straight line from the entrance to that part of Cleveland Place near which a 
 place of Roman Sepulture was discovered ; from that straight line the road has 
 diverged to meet the exigences of modern traffic, by a junction with "The 
 London Road." The Romans would never have made a road with such a sharp 
 curve and up so severe a pitch, when by keeping straight they could not only 
 avoid both, but economise space and preserve their ordinary love for an 
 undeviating line. 
 
 [See ' Thoughts on Bath as a Roman City, by Mr. Emamiel Green, F.S.A., 
 P a *5> a ko article " Roads"}
 
 Street-Lore of Bath. 41 
 
 pAMBKIDGE Place, 1825. 
 
 \J Cambridge Terrace. 
 
 Camden Crescent, 1 Ground cleared under Beacon Hill for 
 a site 1787. Designed by Sir William Chambers. 
 
 Camden Place, [originally called Upper] and Lower 
 Camden Place, 1789. 
 
 Canal, Kennett and Avon. Opened to Newbury, 1810; 
 proposed between Bath and Bristol, 1811 [see Roads], 
 Act, 1796 and partly begun. Another Act, 1801. 
 
 Caroline Buildings, 1808. 
 
 Catherine Place, 1786-90. 
 
 Cattle Market, 1810. 
 
 Cavendish Place, begun 1808. 
 
 Cavendish Crescent, begun 1817. 
 
 Cemeteries and Sanitation. It is not possible to separate 
 the subject of the sanitation of the city from that of the 
 cemeteries. The state of every city and town in the 
 matter of public sepulture, until within the last 50 years, 
 was appalling. But it may be stated as an undeniable 
 fact that none were worse than Bath. The Abbey was a 
 vast charnel house. It will suffice to illustrate this 
 fact and the general state of things as regards the two 
 central city parishes St. Peter and St. Paul (Abbey) 
 and St. James, to give a few statistics, premising that a 
 large proportion of those buried in the Abbey weie 
 strangers, i.e. invalids who died in Bath. There was 
 " snug lying in the Abbey " no doubt, but happily 
 the public sentiment has changed upon that point. The 
 Abbey, however, was not the only " snug lying." St. 
 
 1 The original name was Camden Place, so called as a compliment to the 
 Marquis Camden, formerly one of the representatives of the city, whose estate 
 and mansion were so called. The Town Council changed the name [see note 
 to the Parades].
 
 42 
 
 Street-Lore of Bath. 
 
 James's Church, both the present and the former, had a 
 sepulchre beneath, in which thousands must have been 
 buried. The Abbey record dates from 1570, and from 
 that period down to 1723 the number averaged about 
 20 per annum. From 1724 to 1844 the number buried 
 amounted to 4,439, the last who were interred therein 
 being two sisters, Miss Hellicar and her sister, Mrs. 
 Slade the former died on Jan. 23rd, the latter on 
 Jan. 20th, both being buried on the same day in the 
 same grave. 1 
 
 When the Abbey was restored, or it might be more 
 correct to say so far as the nave is concerned, completed, 
 
 1 " Agreed also at the Buriall of any Man or Women yt the Bell shall not Toll 
 above two hours ; and for a child under twelve years of age, not above an hour. 
 And that if they toll longer they shall pay two shillings and sixpence, and so for 
 every hour afterwards for the use of the Church." Vestry Book, April 14, 1691. 
 
 " It is agreed upon by the general consent of the Vesterie that at ye death or 
 Buriall of any person wthin this P"h no bell shall Ring more yn halfe an hour 
 and after ye Buriall but a quarter of an hour. 
 
 it is also agreed upon that noe bell shall toll till ye corpes be brought out of 
 the house upon the forfiture of fortie shillings to be paid by ym that desires it, 
 and the sexton to lose his place, and the sextoue to have for ringing and tolling 
 the great bell according to the time limmited six shillings and eight pence and 
 the other bell according to the custome as hath been agd." 
 
 Vestry Book, Augusts, 1098 
 
 In 1707 John Baber, Gentleman, of London, presented Four Palls to the 
 city. The vestry met on the 16th April, under the presidency of the Mayor, 
 (Woolmer) and William Clement, (Hector) who called himself "Minister.'' 
 It was solemnly decreed that the Palls should " ever hereafter " be used. There 
 were two sizes, for the use of which it was decreed that for the larger strangers 
 should pay ^0 shillings, and for the smaller 10 shillings ; whilst citizens should 
 pay respectively 10 shillings and 5 shillings. 
 
 "The sum of 40s. to be paid for burying after 10 o'clock at night, in addition 
 to the usual fees." Vestry Book, April nth, 1726. [The " usual fees " varied 
 according to the position and nature of the grave, all being very high. In fact, 
 these burial fees and the fees for the privilege of placing a tablet on the walls, 
 constituted the chief source of income to the Hector]. 
 
 A fee of 40s. to be paid for interments before 9 in the morning, to prevent 
 the great inconvenience of Morning Funerals. 10 to be paid for a walled grave 
 in addition to usual fees. In 1770 another regulation was adopted, that no 
 walled grave be made in any part of the Church except the chancel, on account 
 of the great scarcity of Burying-ground. This rule was however occasionally 
 relaxed between that period and 1844, when intra mural interments ceased. 
 
 Vestry Book, Sept. 25, 1732.
 
 Street-Lore of Bath. 43 
 
 all the bones were removed, the vaults purified, and 
 the building rendered a fit sanctuary for public worship. 
 
 In 1784, a piece of land was obtained called Old 
 Orchard on Lyncoinbe Hill, as a place of interment for 
 the poor of St. Peter and St. Paul, and St. James, con- 
 sisting of about a quarter of an acre, and this was 
 intended (as appears by the original plan of the ground) 
 to supply 430 graves, but 400 only were available. 
 Since 1784 more than 5000 bodies were buried in these 
 400 graves ; of those 5000, the number from 1838 to 
 1848 was 1083. The ground is now closed, and sealed. 
 
 Abbey Cemetery. 1 This beautiful spot, a part of the 
 Priors' Park, was purchased by the Reverend W. J. 
 Brodrick, 2 and was laid out by Mr. Loudon. It covers 
 five acres, and the chapel is in the Gorman manner, 
 after a design by Mr. Manners. It was consecrated on 
 30th January, 1843. 
 
 Bathioick, Cemetery occupies the most secluded part 
 of Smallcombe, and was laid out in 1856. It has two 
 chapels, one for Episcopalians, designed by Mr. T. 
 Fuller, the other by Mr. A. S. Goodridge. 
 
 Lansdown Cemetery, Wfdcot. The tower was erected 
 in 1831, by the late Mr. Beckford, from designs by Mr. 
 II. E. Goodridge, the builder being Mr. John Vaughau. 
 
 Mr. Beckford's remains were at first entombed in the 
 Abbey Cemetery, but removed hither when the grounds 
 were consecrated. When the estate was sold, this prop- 
 erty was marked out for a public pleasure-ground, but 
 Mr. Beckford's daughter, the late Duchess of Hamilton, 
 re-purchased the ground and tower, and presented them 
 for the purpose of a Cemetery to the parish of Walcot. 
 
 1 In the holy grounds, called the scmetory Joseph of Arimathie. Old Poem. 
 2 Afterwards Viscount Midleton.
 
 44 Street-Lore of Bath. 
 
 Mr. Beckford's sarcophagus was designed by himself. 
 The following inscription is graven on one side : 
 
 " William Beckford, Esq., late of Fonthill Abbey, Wilts, 
 
 died 2nd May, 1844, aged 84." 
 
 And on the other the obituary is repeated, with these 
 lines, written by himself : 
 
 " Eternal power ! 
 
 Grant me, through obvious clouds, one transient gleam 
 Of thy bright essence in my dying hour ! " 
 
 Locksbrook Cemetery (Walcot and St. Saviour's Ceme- 
 tery) covers 12 acres ; it was laid out by Mr. Milner, 
 the landscape gardener to the Crystal Palace Company. 
 The chapels, lodges, entrances, and other buildings, are 
 from the designs of Messrs. Hickes and Isaac, and are 
 in the early Decorated style. The chapels are united 
 by cloisters, from the centre of which rises a tower, 
 100 ft. in height. Consecrated 1864. 1 
 
 Lyncombe $ Widcombe, and St. James's Cemetery. 
 This cemetery, on the Lower Bristol Eoad, consecrated 
 on the 6th of January, 1862, occupies 8 acres, and was 
 laid out by Mr. Butler. Two chapels, connected by 
 a cloister, are the designs of Mr. C. E. Davis, City 
 Surveyor, stand in a central position, and are precisely 
 similar externally. The belfry, forming an effective 
 centre, is surmounted by a delicately tapering spire, 
 100 feet to the metal cross on the apex. Both chapels 
 are cruciform. The Episcopalian chapel consists of a 
 nave, east end, floored with encaustic tiles, the gift of 
 the late Mr. John Rainey. 
 
 Roman Catholic Cemetery, near Pope's Walk, in a 
 secluded part of Perrymead, in Lyncombe parish, con- 
 
 1 The old cemetery in Walcot Street was consecrated in 1780. It was for- 
 merly a garden coitsisting of about two acres. The ground is now little used 
 for mortuary purpose. There rest the bones of Madame D'Arblay, Anstey, 
 Mrs. Piozzi, &c.
 
 Street-Lore of Bath. 
 
 45 
 
 secrated 1851, consists of two acres, laid out by Mr. 
 Drummond, of Bath. There is a mortuary chapel in 
 Gothic style, built by Hill, in the vault of which are 
 48 places of sepulture. The chapel is a memorial of the 
 late Count Eyre. The exquisite alabaster altar designed 
 by Hansom, was executed by Bolton, of Cheltenham. 
 
 St. Michael's Cemetery, on the Upper Bristol Road, 
 near Locksbrook, is well laid out, sufficiently spacious, 
 and has two chapels. The Episcopal in the second 
 Pointed order, with a broach or belfry, and at the west 
 end is a circular window, with seven lights. Consecrated 
 June 16th, 1862. The Dissenters' chapel is octagonal. 
 Unitarian Cemetery. This exquisitely beautiful spot, 
 in the lovely glen of Lyncombe, was presented to his 
 brethren by the late Mr. E. Howse, as a burial ground, 
 in the year 1819. Here is a convenient chapel, around 
 which many interments have taken place. 
 
 Chairs [see Sedan and Wheel]. 
 
 Chancery Proceedings relating to Bath in tho Reign of 
 Queen Elizabeth. 
 
 PLAINTIFF. DEFENDANT. OBJECT OF THE SUIT. 
 Robert Apriee. ... Edward Aprice. ... Detention of Deeds ., 
 &c.. fraudulent con- . 
 veyance, &e. 
 
 Tlios. Davis. ... John Laude and ... Claim by Lease 
 others 
 
 PREMISES. 
 . Manor of Weston, 
 . near Bath, which 
 Win. Holloway, 
 late prior <.f the 
 dissolved Monas- 
 tery of S. Peter & 
 8. Paul in Bath, 
 demised to Robert 
 Aprice, complain- 
 ant's grandfather, 
 with all the tithes, 
 spiritual profits, 
 &c. 
 
 Land in Corston, 
 some time part of 
 the possessions of 
 tlic i lissolved Mon- 
 astery of Bath, and 
 since held by lease 
 from the Bishopof 
 Bath.
 
 46 Street-Lore of Bath. 
 
 Chandos Buildings, begun by Wood, 1727. 
 Chapel, Argyle, Oct. 4th, 1789, [Goodridge, see page 125]. 
 Chapel, All Saints, Epis., opened 1794. Palmer. 
 Chapel, Avon Street, Epis., [see Chapel, Wesleyari]. 
 Chapel, Baptist, Manvers Street, 1872. The earliest 
 
 Baptist Chapel was built in Somerset Street, and opened 
 
 December 25th, 1768. 
 Chapel, Catholic Apostolic, [Irving] Vineyards, 1842. 
 
 Manners. 
 
 Chapel in Dolemeads [Ebenezer], opened Sept. 20th, 1821. 
 Chapel, Friends', built in 1817 and for some time used as 
 
 a Masonic Lodge. In 1842 used as a Baptist Chapel, 
 
 and now by the Society of Friends. 1 Willdns. 
 Chapel ("New Church") Henry Street, 1844. 
 Chapel, Kensington, Epis., 1795. Palmer. New Organ by 
 
 Bryceson, opened April, 1813. 
 Chapel, Lady Huntingdon's, opened October 6th, 1765. 
 
 Whitfield preached on the occasion. 
 Chapel, Laura, 1796. Baldwin. Ceased now to be used 
 
 as a place of worship. 
 
 Chapel, Margaret's, 1773. [See Margaret's]. 
 Chapel, Moravian, Charlotte Street, opened 1845. Former 
 
 one in Monmouth Street in 1765. 
 Chapel Octagon, opened Oct. 4th, 1767. Lightholder, 
 Chapel, Penitentiary, opened 1825. 
 Chapel, Percy, Charlotte Street, 1854. H. E. Goodridge. 
 
 [Independent]. 
 Chapel, Portland, First Stone July 31st, 1816. Young. 
 
 Vested in Trustees December 24th, 1817. [Episcopal]. 
 Chapel, Primitive Methodist. Built in 1881, at the top 
 
 of Eastbourne Builder, the late Mr. J. Bladwell. 
 
 1 The first Quakers' Chapel was built in Marchant's Court [now Northum- 
 berland Passage, High Street], being the earliest Nonconformist place of wor- 
 ship in the city. [See Northumberland Placc\.
 
 Street-Lore of Bath. 
 
 47 
 
 
 Chapel, Roman Catholic, near St. James's Parade, 1780 
 [Gordon Riots]. In Corn Street, 1788. In 1809, 
 Orchard Street Theatre used as Chapel. 
 
 Chapel Row, about 1735. 
 
 Chapel, St. John's, 1723, rebuilt 1772. Killiqrew. 
 
 Chapel, St. Mary's, formerly in Queen Square [see Wood 
 pp. 312-315.] 1735. 
 
 Chapel, Thomas Street [see T.~\ 
 
 Chapel, Unitarian, between 1792-5. 
 
 Chapel, Wesleyan, New King Street. John Wesley visited 
 Bath in 1738, and held his first meetings in a small 
 room on the west side of Avon Street. The number of 
 his followers, however, increasing, the meeting-house, 
 in Corn Street, now used as a chapel-of-ease to Trinity 
 Cfiurch, was erected. This also, in a few years, was 
 found insufficient for the congregation, and a piece of 
 ground having been secured on the north side of New 
 King Street, the foundation stone of a new chapel was 
 laid by John Wesley himself, on the 16th Dec., 1776. 
 This Chapel was opened by him March llth, 1779. 
 [Re-built 1847, improved 1865]. The efforts of many 
 zealous methodists in the establishment of adult and 
 Sunday-schools, appear to have given a stimulus to the 
 cause of the Society in Bath, and a proposal was made to 
 erect an additional Chapel for the convenience of members 
 residing in remote parts of the city this proposal at first 
 met with great opposition; but by the zeal and energy of 
 several leading members, the sum of 1400 was raised, 
 and the chapel erected opposite Walcot Parade, which 
 was opened for Divine Worship, May 30, 1816. 
 
 Charter. The first Charter was granted by King Joht^ 
 iffiffr This was obtained through the influence of Bishop 
 Robert Burnell, then Lord Chancellor. [For all essential 
 information on the subject, see King and Watts's valu- 
 able book, the Municipal Records of Bath.]
 
 48 Street-Lore of Bath. 
 
 Charles Street, 1758. 
 
 Charlotte Street, 1838-48. 
 
 Chatham Row, formerly Pitt Street, changed name, 1770. 
 
 Cheap Street, North side, 1773. In 1791 some old houses 
 were taken down and rebuilt. This street stands upon 
 the site of a street called Sowter Street [see Abbey 
 Churchyard]. 
 
 Chilton Road, 1875-80. 
 
 Church, Christ, 1798. Palmer. 
 
 Inscriptions, and Weights and Diameters of the Bells. 
 
 cwt. qrs. Ibs. diam. 
 1. "Sister Anne" ... ... ... 4 17 
 
 2." Sister Susan " ... ... ... 4 1 24 
 
 3." Let Christ be known around " ... 4 3 23 
 
 Mears and Stainbank, Founders, London, 1867. 
 4. " And Love where e'er I sound " ... 5 2 9 29 
 
 Mears and Stainbank, Founders, London, 1867. 
 5. "Then shall true joys abound " ... 6 1 26 
 
 Mears and Stainbank, Founders, London, 1867. 
 
 6. "Before Him lowly fall" 719 
 
 William Gary, Founder, Bristol, 1852. 
 7." When e'er we lift our call " ... ... 9 6 
 
 Mears and Stainbank, Founders, London, 1867. 
 8. "And praise Him Lord of all." ...12 1 13 
 
 ' ' Hardy gave us, 
 ' ' Stainbank made us. 
 "January A.D. 1867." 
 
 " Let those who ring us here 
 Do so in holy fear, 
 That Heart and Hands complete, 
 May for one purpose meet, 
 And praise our God above, 
 The God of peace and love." 
 
 Church and Priory, St. John's, Roman Catholic. 
 
 The handsome Church of St. John the Evangelist 
 was built by the Roman Catholics, in 1861. It is 
 situated in an open space of ground on the South Parade, 
 having a new street at the west end in a line with Duke 
 street. The design includes a tower and spire, upwards 
 of 200 ft. high, and it is especially remarkable for the
 
 Street-Lore of Bath. 49 
 
 multitude of gables. Taking the north side, wo have 
 first the gablo of the baptistery, next the gable of the 
 I orch, then the thiee gabled bays of the north aisle, and 
 then the largo gable of the transept, with its magnificent 
 circular window. Beyond this are two gables on the 
 side of the Ladye Chapel, and over them the gabled 
 windows of the chancel. The west front has the tower 
 in the centre, with the baptistery and chapel of St. Bene- 
 dict at the sides. The west entrance is surmounted by 
 the crocketed gable exhibiting some beautiful carvings 
 in the spandril, prominent among which is the eagle, 
 emblematic of St. John, holding a scroll on which is 
 carved "In principio erat verbum." Over this door is 
 a fine window of five lights, with beautiful and graceful 
 tracery. The roof of the chancel is defined externally 
 by a rich cresting of iron, painted and partly gilt, 
 terminating with a large foliated cross at the point of 
 the apse roof. The plan of the church consists of nave, 
 with north and south aisles and transepts, chancel and 
 side chapels, western tower, and baptistery. The nave 
 and aisles together measure 75 ft. by 60 ft. wide ; the 
 former is separated from the latter by an arcade of 
 moulded arches, resting on fourteen pillars of polished 
 Devonshire marble, with elaborately carved capitals of 
 Ancaster stone, each capital being a study of natural 
 foliage slightly conventionalised among which are the 
 holly with buds, the primrose and ferns, the vine and 
 wheat, the passion-flower, the figleaf and fruit, the rose, 
 shamrock, and thistle, and the blackberry. In the span- 
 drils between the arches are carved, in alto-relievo, demi 
 figures of angels in circular panels, playing upon musical 
 instruments. Over these is a lofty clerestory of eight 
 three-light windows of simple tracery, giving ample light 
 and cheerfulness to the interior. The chancel is lighted
 
 50 
 
 Street-Lore of Bath. 
 
 by stained glass windows. The altar is of marble and 
 alabaster, by Mr. Earp, and a very rich work of sculpture. 
 The architect of the building was the late Mr. C. F. 
 Hansom, of Clifton, Bristol; the contractors, Messrs. 
 Bladwell and Ambrose. This church is reckoned one 
 of the finest of those which the Roman Catholics have 
 erected in England during the last few years. 
 
 Church, St. Mary, Julian Road, was opened by Cardinal 
 Manning, in the year 1881. The Congregation using 
 that Church originally occupied Portland Chapel, the 
 Priest of which was the Rev. Mr. Baines, whose brother, 
 Dr. Baines of Prior Park, frequently preached. A short 
 interval followed during which the services ceased ; then 
 for some years a room in No. 3, Brunswick Place, was 
 used. Afterwards a stable adjoining the Riding School 
 in Montpellier, was adapted as a Chapel and used for 
 many years. This is now Christ Church Hall. 
 
 St. Mary's Church was built in accordance with 
 designs by Dunn and Hansom, of Newcastle-on-Tyne. 
 It will eventually be extended over the space now 
 occupied by the Fishmonger's Shop adjoining, and a 
 tower and spire will then be built. 
 
 Church Street (Royal Crescent), 1825. 
 
 Church Street, Abbey, 1760 [parallel with Abbey Street]. 
 
 Church, Trinity, 1822, Consecrated Dec. 10th. Bell pre- 
 sented by Rev. Stafford Smith [see Trinity]. 
 
 Circus, Royal, designed by Wood I., carried out by his 
 son. Begun 1754; in 1762 it was about two-thirds com- 
 pleted. [See Malton's Illustrations]. 
 
 City View. 
 
 Claremont Buildings, 1825. 
 
 Claremont Place. 
 
 Claremont Road. 
 
 Claremont Terrace.
 
 Street-Lore of Bath. 51 
 
 Claverton Lodge, Bathwick Hill, built by the Hon. 
 Frederick Noel, Capt. R.N., in 1828. Now the re- 
 sidence of Mr. and Mrs. Ash worth Halle tt [see Historic 
 Hoses, Second Series, page 7]. 
 
 Claverton Manor, built in 1817 by John Vivian, Esq. 
 
 Claverton Street, various dates from 1700 to the present. 
 The River bank on that side from the Old Bridge to 
 the Old Mill was called The Beach. 1 [See Roads]. 
 
 Cleveland Place, 1832. 
 
 Cleveland Walk, Bathwick, 1841. 
 
 Cleveland Villas, 1 859, and later. 
 
 Coaches and Machines, 2 Wagons and Wayfarers. The first 
 coach of the better class was called the " Flying Coach," 
 which travelled from Manchester to London in 1754. 
 This coach accomplished the journey in four and a half 
 days, the maximum of speed on the best portion of the 
 road being less than five miles an hour. This "machine" 
 was gradually improved upon by the invention of steel 
 springs, a greater speed being attained, until at the close 
 of the century the maximum speed on the best roads 
 was eight miles an hour, the average in summer being 
 about six miles. Nearly the whole commerce of the 
 
 1 On this site the earlier stone trade, in a languid sort of way, was conducted. 
 The stone was brought down from the quarries on sledges, and sent in lighters, 
 and flat-bottomed boats to those parts of the city accessible by river near to the 
 localities where stone was wanted, to Bristol, and other parts. When the Avon 
 was canalized, and the great basin and surrounding wharves were constructed, 
 The Beach was gradually built over, and the whole business by degrees trans- 
 ferred to the basin and wharves, called Aliens Stone Yard. The blocks were 
 rough dressed on the Down, brought down to the foot of the hill in the trams 
 as far as their own impetus impelled them, and then conveyed to the Stone 
 Yard in improved sledges and shipped chiefly to Bristol, and from thence 
 conveyed to London and other places where they were wanted. This was the 
 beginning of the modem Bath Stone trade. The quarries Allen developed 
 have been long exhausted, but others have been discovered, which in capacity 
 are inexhaustible, and in quality of superior material. 
 
 2 " A pair of bootikins (literally a little boot, here meant in derision of two 
 manikins or dandies) will set out to-morrow morning in the Machine that goes 
 from the Queen's Head in the Gray's Inn Lane." Walpole's Letters, 1 v. 12. 
 
 " He had taken a seat in the Portsmouth Machine, and proposed to go to the 
 Isle of Wight." Thackeray, Virginians, Ixii.
 
 52 Street-Lore of Batli. 
 
 nation previous to this was can ied out by means we can 
 now scarcely realize. All goods were transmitted on the 
 backs of horses, mules, and donkeys. In the localities of 
 large t'wns rude wheeled carts and sledges did the work. 
 There are still many persons who love to prate about 
 the "good old times," who are entirely ignorant of what 
 the expression signifies. Such persons never compare 
 the past with the present, and therefore know nothing 
 of the difficulties and privations with which their 
 ancestors, even as late as the close of the last century, 
 had to contend. The history of the various methods of 
 travelling and conveyance is practically the history of 
 the development of the social, commercial, and general 
 interests of the nation, with special relations to the City 
 of Bath. By a singular coincidence it happens that the 
 two great movements which exercised the most impor- 
 tant influence upon the national nay upon the world 
 at large were begun and in a great measure tested and 
 carried out by the intelligence and the enterprise of two 
 Bath citizens. The work of Kalph Allen in the estab- 
 lishment of the Cross-post system was the first great 
 measure of postal reform. In 1710 all the old Acts 
 relating to the post-office were abrogated, and re-modelled 
 under what was officially called " the Act of Settlement." 1 
 Under this statute increased powers were given to the 
 post-office authorities, and the service was much im- 
 proved. This progress, however, arose chiefly from the 
 extension and improvements in the old bridle and post 
 roads. The internal arrangements of the department 
 remained much as they were, notwithstanding the 
 powers the Act gave for the establishment of cross-posts, 
 i.e. the system of intersecting posts at given times and 
 stations. It was in 1720 that Ralph Allen, whose 
 
 1 It may.be well to state that we do not mean the Act of Settlement.
 
 Street-Lore of Bath. 53 
 
 experience was gained in his subordinate capacity of 
 clerk in the Bath office 1 experience aided by earnest 
 observation, clear intellect, and a genius for organi- 
 zation carried out that system. No one knew the 
 defects of the existing method so well as he. Allen 
 proposed to the government to establish cross-posts 
 between Exeter and Chester, going by way of Bristol, 
 Gloucester, and Worcester, connecting in this way the 
 West of England with the Lancashire district and the 
 mail route to Ireland, and giving independent postal 
 inter-communication to all the important towns lying 
 in the direction to be taken. This will illustrate the 
 manner in which the whole country experienced this 
 vast evolution from the old system. Previous to this 
 change, letters passing between neighbouring towns were 
 conveyed by strangely circuitous routes ; for instance, 
 letters passing from Cheltenham or Bath for Worcester 
 or Birmingham, required to go first to London, and then 
 sent back by another post-road. This manner of pro- 
 cedure, in the "good old times" those days of slow 
 locomotion, caused great delay?, inconvenience, and a 
 serious loss to business and national progress. All this, 
 it will be remembered, great as was the change and 
 improvement, was still carried on exclusively by horses, 
 there being neither roads nor locomotive vehicles of any 
 kind available. As a matter of fact the policy and 
 methods of Allen rendered the post-office, for the first 
 time, a paying department of state. This development 
 led to the construction of roads [see Roads], for general 
 use, to wheel-carts, to stage-wagons, 1 to post-chaises, to 
 stage-coaches, and finally to mail-coaches. 
 
 1 At this time the Pont Office was a part of old St. Micheel's Church (intra 
 inuros) in St. Michcel's Place, and the Post Master was Quash. 
 
 2 Local carriers there were none. From the establishment of the Bath 
 Journal and Bath Chronicle tlio small parcels to villages, within reach of the 
 newsmen, were conveyed by them.
 
 54 Street-Lore of Bath. 
 
 We see the great national work begun by Allen ; that 
 work was the natural precursor of what was to follow, 
 and to be also the invention of a distinguished Bath 
 citizen, John Palmer. The coach he designed, or 
 suggested, was lighter than, and a great improvement 
 upon, the " flying " coaches which had been in use some 
 fourteen years. 1 Palmer had frequently experienced in 
 the conduct of the Theatre, of which he was the enter- 
 prising lessee, the difficulty of obtaining the services of 
 London " stars " through the dilatoriness of the coach- 
 travelling, and this obvious public want stimulated him 
 to make a general enquiry into the working of the whole 
 postal system. He had formed a clear conception of 
 what was required and how it should be carried out. He 
 memorialised the government ; he took means to inform 
 the public; he showed clearly how his plan would 
 economize time and improve a great and indispensable 
 public department. Like Rowland Hill, 60 years later, 
 he was opposed by the post-office authorities who 
 denounced him as a bore and a half-crazed enthusiast. 
 The great Pitt (who had represented Bath in two parlia- 
 ments) saw the importance of the plan, and through his 
 enlightened judgment, Palmer was enabled to carry it 
 into effect. The system, with only such improvements 
 as were afforded by the development of better roads [see 
 Roads], lasted until the days of railways. 
 
 The coaches throughout the kingdom were numbered 
 in consecutive order. No. 1 was the first in England, 
 and this coach left The Lamb in Stall Street on August 
 6th, 1784, and was driven by John Dover (the landlord) 
 as far as Marlborough, John Palmer occupying the 
 " box seat " by his side. The second mail coach was that 
 from Bristol to London, which made its first journey 
 
 1 The last stage coach [local] was that which ran from Bath to Wells, 1850-1.
 
 Street-Lore of Bath. 
 
 55 
 
 on the 8th of August in the same year, the journey 
 occupying fifteen hours. As the roads gradually im- 
 proved so the pace increased, until the mails and the crack 
 coaches accomplished an average of nearly eleven miles an 
 hour. At first no outside passengers were conveyed ; after 
 1805, the roads being improved, a seat by the driver's 
 side, and four immediately behind him Avere allowed. 
 
 Wagons. The earliest of which we have any mention 
 were Wiltshire's, 1 and these, so far as we are enabled to 
 ascertain, were first started about 1750. At first they 
 were very heavy cumbrous things, with very high broad 
 wheels, and travelled very slowly, over such roads as 
 then existed. The journey to London and back occupy- 
 ing a fortnight. These wagons " held their own " until 
 about 1765 when the Machines and Coaches were " put 
 on the road " [the roads then being improved, see Roads], 
 when the Flying Wagons were started. By this time 
 also several other wagons were set up in rivalry, which 
 were run in all directions. The Flying Wagons carried 
 light goods and a few passengers between the various 
 places where they stopped. The slow wagons in 1787 
 were occupied from Monday until Friday night in 
 reaching London. Whilst the quicker ones were from 
 Sunday at 6 o'clock p.m., until Wednesday at 7 p.m. 
 
 In 1803 another rival was called into existence by 
 which the transit of heavy goods was much facilitated. 
 An advertisment of the period states that : 
 
 " Messrs. White and Barnard, of Newbury, by means 
 of such portion of the Kennet and Avon Canal as is 
 finished, by land-carriage, and by the Thames Navigation, 
 conveys goods from Bristol to London, and all the inter- 
 mediate places ; also by means of adjoining Canals, send 
 
 1 The first of this eminent firm was John Wiltshire, son of Walter, the lessee 
 of the Lower Rooms. He employed Wood to build Shockerwick House ; the 
 next was Walter, the friend of Gainsborough ; the third and last, being John, 
 by whom the business was given up on the death of his father.
 
 56 
 
 Street-Lore of Bath. 
 
 them on to Basingstoke, Andover, Southampton, Ports- 
 mouth, &c. The Rates of Conveyance are thus rendered 
 materially under the price that they can be afforded by 
 wagon. Mr. John Salmon, on the Quay, Bath, is Messrs. 
 White and Barnard's agent, and takes charge of goods 
 required to be sent by this new communication." In 
 1810 the canal was opened to Bath [see Canal], 
 
 The earliest records we have respecting the " Flying 
 Machines" and "Post Coaches" date from 1765. 1 The 
 Hying Machine was constructed to carry six inside, with 
 no outside passengers. It was a clumsy thing, built on 
 strong springs, adapted to the rough roads. Two days' 
 journeying was enough for the strongest traveller, 
 especially as the inns afforded few of the comforts of the 
 present day. Travelling, moreover, was very costly, and 
 was therefore confined almost exclusively to the wealthy. 
 When visitors came to Bath, remembering that in 
 getting here they had passed through much tribulation, 
 they were as a rule in no hurry to leave it. But what- 
 ever the difficulties, fatigue, and expense may have been 
 in the London journey, they were small in comparison 
 with the journey into Wales, even as late as 1803. 2 The 
 
 1 Simultaneously with the London service there was an organized system, 
 also in connection with the provincial cities and towns, ensuring a continuity 
 of communications with distant places. 
 
 2 DIRECTIONS FOR TRAVELLERS, &c. 
 
 When to pass aver at A ust and the New Passage, between England &* Wales : 
 The Passage over this great river (Severn) is of vast importance ; and those 
 who have occasion to cross over either of the passages, are desired to observe, 
 that the time of high water at Aust Passage is nearly the same as at Bristol 
 Quay, and at the New Passage near one hour sooner ; and the hours of passage, 
 at both places, are, if the wind be northerly, any time for five hours before, and 
 if southerly or westwardly, for seven hours after high-water, at each place 
 respectively. The time of high water at Bristol Quay, every morning and after- 
 noon for the following week, may always be seen in the Bristol newsjjapers, 
 published Monday, Thursday, and Saturday ; and the variation from one day 
 to another is about 50 minutes. 
 
 Prices of Goods, Cattle, and Passengers, at both Passages : 
 
 A coach with six horses, 18s. ; Ditto, with four horses, 16s.; Ditto with two 
 horses, 14s.; A man, woman, or child, 9d. each.; A man and horse, Is. Cd. ; A 
 single horse, Is.; Beasts, 6d. each ; Sheep and Hogs, 3s. 4d. a score. 
 
 Small Boats at 5s. the boat, and Is. each passenger, at any hour.
 
 Street-Lore of Bath. 57 
 
 Post Coach was in form and build something like the 
 old post chaise, but much heavier. It was built upon 
 the old fashioned C springs, i.e. a strongly welded elastic 
 steel body in the form of the letter C fixed in the frame- 
 work of the carriage ; to these were attached leather 
 bands, from which the body of the carriage was literally 
 suspended. The post coach was well adapted to the 
 rough roads, yielding to every jolt and always preserving 
 its equilibrium. These post coaches were gradually 
 transformed into the coach which in due course super- 
 seded the machines altogether. 
 
 At the close of the century the firm of Tanner and 
 Baylis was established, whose chief offices were at 
 Bristol (Bell Inn) ; Bath, 20, Corn Street ; Cheltenham, 
 Winchcombe Street ; Gloucester, Westgate Street ; 
 London, 35, Whitecross Street, Cripplegale. For heavy 
 goods they used a large four-wheel vehicle of vast size, 
 which they called a Fly -Wagon, drawn by eight horses, 
 two abreast. These wagons occupied two days each way, 
 those travelling to Bristol being altogether distinct from 
 those going to Cheltenham and Gloucester. The cost of 
 sending merchandise by these wagons was about eight 
 times as much as similar goods would now cost by rail 
 to the same destinations. The same firm, at the same 
 time, put a series of Fly-Vans on the same lines of road 
 which occupied twenty horses each way between London 
 and Bristol and between London and Gloucester. These 
 Vans were in shape and size similar to a small modern 
 " bus." They were built on springs, drawn by four 
 horses, driven by a coachman on a small driving si-at, 
 with a guard in a small " dickey " behind. Passenger* 
 by coach and mail sent their heavier luggage by these 
 and similar vans, by which also small articles of com- 
 merce and merchandize were conveyed to the several
 
 58 Street-Lore of Bath. 
 
 places where there was a change of horses. All parcels 
 above the value of five pounds were declared and paid 
 for by a special rate. 
 
 The " Inns and Taverns " in Bath, which were the 
 head-quarters of the machines, coaches, etc., in 1775, 
 were the White Lion (Arnold), Three Tuns (Dobson), 
 Christopher (East), Greyhound & Shakspeare( Williams), 
 Castle (Cook), Saracen's Head (Davis), Lamb (Dover), 
 Angel, near the Old Bridge (Taylor), Full Moon 
 (Edwards). The fare by the Machines and Post Coaches 
 was 1 : 8s. and l^d. per Ib. for all luggage exceeding 
 141bs. 
 
 The arrival and departure of the mails and coaches, 
 from 1810 to late in the thirties, was a very animated 
 scene at most of the inns on the road, but the chief 
 interest on the Bath Road 1 was concentrated on the fine 
 open area opposite the York House in Bath. There the 
 citizens assembled two or three times a day to welcome 
 fresh arrivals, or to bid adieu to parting guests or re- 
 latives. Here the gossips discussed the latest news, 
 and the visitors eagerly awaited the packets and parcels 
 which should contain the latest intelligence from their 
 homes and families. It was an every-day occurrence to 
 see ten or a dozen coaches arriving at and starting from 
 this famous locality twice or three times a day. 
 College, Bath, established 1877, by a proprietary body. 
 The estate was called Vellore; the house, which was 
 built half-a-century ago by General Augustus Andrews, 
 is the central building and the residence of the Head 
 Master, T. W. Dunn, Esq. The College comprehends 
 
 1 The reader, or modern tuhip t who wants to know more of the Bath Road, 
 its more famous coachmen and characters, inns and landlords, men and man- 
 ners, especially in relation to a later period than that to which we have for the 
 most part referred, may take up "Coaching Days and Coaching Ways," by 
 Mr. Tristram, in which they will find ample amusement and Useful information.
 
 Street-Lwe of Bath. 
 
 59 
 
 the Somersetshire College, formerly carried on in the 
 Circus [1855], as well as the Sydney College [Sydney 
 Gardens Mansion, 1877]. 
 
 College, Partis, 1826 [seepages 164-5]. 
 
 College Road. 
 
 College View. 
 
 Combe Down Church, Consecrated June 29th, 1835. 
 
 Corn Street, 1770. 
 
 Cornwell Buildings (Walcot Street), 1762. A corruption 
 of Cam Well [see Gold Springs]. 
 
 Corridor, opened 1825. Goodridye. 
 
 Court in Hull's Garden erroneously called Bull's Garden, 
 1720. Hull was a shoemaker, and the site was leased 
 to him in 1583. 
 
 Cran wells. The seat of Jerom Murch, Esq., D.L., J.P. 
 
 Mr. Murch, six times Mayor of the city, each occasion 
 having been distinguished by some enduring services 
 to the city. Those services are too numerous and im- 
 portant to be enumerated in a work of this nature, 
 but they will form an interesting chapter in Bath 
 History, at, we hope, a distant day. 
 
 Bath is said by the majority of writers to be dis- 
 tinguished above almost all English cities by its scenic 
 beauty, and the variety and contrasts by which it is 
 characterized; there are indeed just those contrasts which 
 are indispensable to harmony. There are the gentle 
 undulating eminences, such as Prior Park ; the tugged 
 Beechen Cliff ; the bold verdure-clad Beacon Hill ; itself 
 11 an inferior depression " of Lansdown with its widely 
 extended but exquisite ridges, commanding on each side 
 enchanting landscapes ; the combes and valleys ; the 
 dells; all these realize the Laureate's Picture : 
 
 "Here are cool mosses deep, 
 And through the moss the ivies creep, 
 And in the stream the long-leaved flowers weep, 
 And from the craggy ledge the poppy hangs in sleep."
 
 60 
 
 Street-Lore of Bath. 
 
 Then there are the smaller hills which nestle as it 
 were under the very wings of the mountain. The site 
 of Cranwells (a term synonymous with Cam Wells) is 
 on one of those south-western spurs, which give prom- 
 inence without exposure, and repose without sameness. 
 The grounds are well and picturesquely planted with 
 fine Conifers and other trees admirably arranged. 
 
 The plan of the house was intentionally copied from 
 that of Inigo Jones's design for Widcombe House, and is 
 an Italian adaptation of the Ionic Order. The mansion 
 consists of two stories, divided into bays by pilasters, 
 which carry each a bold cornice and open parapet. There 
 is a very good library of modern books. Handsome 
 terraces surround the house towards its chief fronts. 
 Messrs. Wilson and Fuller were the architects, and the 
 house was built by Mr. Willcox about 44 years ago. 
 
 Crescent, Camden [see Camderi\. 
 
 Crescent, Royal, First Stone, May 17th, 1767. Wood II. 
 
 Crescent, Lansdown, building in 1788, Place, East and 
 West, contemporary; finished 1793. Baldwin. 
 
 Cross Lane, 1729. Leading from Monmouth street to 
 Kingsmead. Built in form of a cross, 1729. Strahan. 
 
 Crowe Hall, Widcombe Hill, the residence of H. W. 
 Tugwell, Esq. The house originally was a plain struc- 
 ture, erected about 1760 by a lady named Crowe, 
 who died in 1792. In the early part of the present 
 century the house, and grounds in which it stands, 
 were purchased by Mr. Tugwell, grandfather of the 
 present owner. The front of the house, looking into 
 one of those lovely terraced gardens, now only too 
 rare, has from time to time undergone great changes. 
 From it the prospect is exceedingly lovely, presenting 
 the reverse picture from that to be seen at Prior Paik. 
 The entrance at the south-east has a fine portico, and
 
 Street-Lore of Bath. 
 
 61 
 
 the interior is arranged with admirable judgment. The 
 hall or grand saloon is remarkably good. Mr. Tugwell, 
 unlike Mr. Beckford, has not sought after the difficult, 
 the unattainable, the exclusive, merely to gratify the 
 sense of property, but everything is what it ought to 
 be, and works of art are brought together, not as a 
 collection in a museum, not as mere expensive curiosities, 
 not to gratify the taste of the bijoutier or virtuoso, but as 
 things that appeal to the imagination, things of general 
 and lasting interest. This is moreover true in that it 
 applies to every part of the house. Apparent every- 
 where we have the good taste of Hoi ace Wai pole, with 
 none of his tawdriness. Marqueterie, china, carving 
 in sufficient variety and judiciously distributed, so 
 that nothing palls upon the taste or fatigues the eye. 
 Pictures, well chosen, by Gwillon, Salvin, Barnoir, 
 Hardy, Leader, Miiller, well arranged, with a large and 
 choice collection of water-colour drawings. 
 
 DANCE'S Court, James Street, 1775. 
 Daniel Street, 1810. 
 
 Darlington Street, 1810. Leases 1791. 
 
 Darlington Place, 1819-25. 
 
 Dead Mills, The, Lower Swainswick. For many gener- 
 ations the current tradition has associated these Mills 
 with the Battle of Lansdown. Guide writers, and local 
 historians even, have attempted to show that the 
 wounded from Waller's army were carried to this place 
 after the battle. The only raison d' etre for the supposi- 
 tion rests upon the name, Dead Mills. The impossibility 
 of the thing has been not only demonstrated, but the 
 origin of the name clearly elucidated. In the 16th
 
 62 
 
 Street-Lore of Bath. 
 
 century, on the same site, there was a fulling mill, that 
 is a mill, in which the process of fulling or bringing up 
 the surface of the cloth after it left the hands of the 
 weaver in its rough state. The position of the mill 
 with the grounds around are proofs of its importance. 
 The earliest tenant that can be traced is JOHANNES 
 DEDEMDLL. The latter, in all probability, is a corruption 
 of De la Mull, i.e. of the Mill. Dead Mills is, there- 
 fore, manifestly a corruption of Dedemull. Many 
 names are similarly revealed in the Swainswick Eoll 
 of Tenants. 1 
 
 Devonshire Buildings and Place, about 1804. 
 
 Devonshire Terrace. 
 
 Devonshire Villas. 
 
 Directory. The first Bath Directory was published in 1 800, 
 by G. Robbson, 9, Bridge Street. It was thus announced : 
 "The population of Bath has, of late years, so much 
 increased, its trade so much augmented, and its inter- 
 course with every part of the kingdom so considerably 
 extended, that a Local Directory appears to be abso- 
 lutely necessary for the convenience not only of its in- 
 habitants, but of the public at large." 
 
 Dispensary, Lower Borough Walls. 
 
 Dolemeads, between 1735 and 1770. The earliest portion 
 was that surrounding the basin and stone yard, built 
 by Ralph Allen, on the site of the old withy beds. 
 
 Dorchester Street, 1758. 
 
 Doric House [see Sion Hill]. 
 
 Duke Street, 1727, so called after the Dnke of Kingston. 
 Wood. 
 
 Dunsford Place, 1825. 
 
 1 Annals of the Parish of Swainswick. By R. E. M. Peach, 1890.
 
 Street-Lore of Bath. 
 
 63 
 
 TjlASTBOURNE. Thirty-two houses, begun 1879, by 
 
 _LJ Mr. J. Roch, builder, of Larkhall. The land being 
 a part of the Rivers Estate, held on lease by the late 
 Wm. Seymour. The houses face the Claremont Road 
 northward. The first are four villas looking eastward, 
 and are called Eastbourne Villas. Builder, Mr. Emery, 
 of Walcot Street. 
 
 Eastville. Twenty-three pleasantly situated houses, facing 
 south east, with road-way entrance front and back 
 [1881]. The land was the leasehold property of the late 
 Wm. Seymour. Leased to various builders, first of 
 whom was the late Mr. Solomon Francis. 
 
 Eden Terrace, Larkhall. Twenty houses facing south east, 
 standing in blocks of five. Begun in the year 1890. 
 Entrance from Dafford's Buildings as well as Eldon 
 Place. Builder, Mr. T. Robbins. 
 
 Edgar Buildings, site formerly called the Town Acre, 
 Leases 1762. 
 
 Edward Street, 1791. 
 
 Elm Place. 
 
 Entry Hill. Some 50 years or more ago popularly called 
 Antony Hill, on a site of land containing 12 acres. On 
 this site there are five houses, built in 1827 by Mr. 
 Richard Else, a solicitor. The architect was the late 
 Mr. Edward Davis, a pupil of Sir John Soano. The 
 houses are in the late Gothic style, are well and sub- 
 stantially built, and are approached by a private road, 
 from the Old Warminster Road [see Roads] between 
 two vermicular stone pillars. One of the five houses is 
 called Granville, a designation involving more ingenuity 
 than honour to the parties concerned. The architect 
 of the houses was employed at the same time to repair 
 the Monument on Lansdown, and when this was done
 
 64 Street-Lore of Bath. 
 
 the historic emblems 1 from the east side were removed, 
 and placed in one of the facades of the house [see Monu- 
 ment]. By whose authority does not appear. 
 
 Evelyn Street 2 was the name of a street proposed, and 
 given in the Map of 1810, on the site of Stanley Eoad. 
 It was to have been so called to commemorate the con- 
 nection of the Pierrepont-Evelyn family with Bath. \See 
 Hoard's Modern Wilts, Hundred of Alderbury and Ever- 
 ley, with Pedigree]. Jane Evelyn married in Bath, 1772. 
 
 Eye Infirmary, opened 1811. 
 
 T71AIRFIELD Road. Fairfield estate the property of 
 
 -T T. H. Delabere May, Esq. 
 
 Fairfield Villas. 
 
 Fire-engine first kept in Bath, 1741. We cannot tell what 
 kind of an engine it was. except that it was not too 
 large to enter the large door of the Abbey, for in the 
 sacred edifice it was kept ! According to a minute of the 
 vestry it was paid for by the parish. " June 8, 1747, a 
 fire-engine to be purchased for the use of the parish, 
 provided the parish of St. James does the same." It did 
 the same, but it is not stated where the engine was kept. 
 
 1 The arms of England resting on the joint arms of the Duke of Albermarle 
 and the Earl of Bath, Sir Bevil's son, with military ornaments under them, 
 adorn the right side of the body of the pedestal, and were intended to allude to 
 the restoration of King Charles II. The left side has a bas-relief alluding to 
 the actions of Lord Lansdown in Hungary, consisting of military trophies ; the 
 Granville arms, borne on a Roman eagle, with inscriptions, and the date 
 September 12th, 1883, occupy the centre. 
 
 On the north tablet are the following lines : 
 
 "Thus flain thy valiant ancestor did lie, 
 When his one bark a navy did defy, 
 When now encompass'd round he victor stood, 
 And bath'd his pinnace in his conquering blood, 
 Till all his purple current dry'd and spent, 
 He fell, and made the waves his monument. 
 Where shall the next fam'd Granvile's ashes stand? 
 The grandsire fills the seas, and thou the land." 
 
 Martin Lleivellen, 1643. 
 
 2 There was also an Evelyn Street leading from the North Parade to the 
 Abbey Green, afterwards called Lilliput Alley.
 
 Street-Lore of Bath. 
 
 65 
 
 Fish Cross Lane 1 was a narrow passage from High Street 
 through the Eastgate to Stall Boat Quay, at the bottom 
 of Slippery Lane, or Boat Stall Lane, into which it led. 
 
 Fives Court, from 1692 until 1723, outside the Westgate. 
 
 Flys. The earliest horse vehicle let for public hire was 
 the old two-horse hackney coach. This was first licensed 
 and used in 1815, and was superseded by the modern 
 Fly* in 1831, which then became the ordinary street 
 conveyance. At first only a few occupied the stands or 
 plied for hire in the streets, but by degrees it was found 
 necessary to increase their number for the needs of the 
 public. In 1830, a citizen named Ewens, living in the 
 Sawclose, and carrying on the business of a tinman, in- 
 vented or made the body of the first Fly seen in the 
 city. It was made of tin, modelled, framed, and fitted 
 upon the ordinary wooden wheels. This novel vehicle 
 was drawn down Pulteney Street and up Bath wick Hill, 
 to the amusement of a large number of people. Ewens 
 was one of the early Sunday School teachers, being one 
 of four who by turns visited the Wick Schools every 
 Sunday, and was a highly estimable man. The first 
 fly-stand in Bath was laid out in 1830, in Laura Place. 
 
 Foss Lane was of ancient date. It extended from Barton 
 Street nearly to the site of George Street, then took an 
 easterly course, skirting the Vineyards to Walcot Street 
 the Roman Road. 
 
 1 Once a spacious walk under the city wall between the North and East 
 Gates, at the south end of which was a cross. Near this cross the river 
 fish were sold. A ducking stool near it for the punishment of disorderly fish- 
 wives and other women. There was a ferry communicating with Bathwick. 
 The Quay was 238 feet in length, 35 feet in width, and contained 13 houses, 
 portions of which are now used as slaughter-houses. 
 
 2 The term Fly was originally applied in derision. In Wright's Brighton 
 A mbulator, 1818, he states that in 1816 a four-wheeled vehicle, drawn by a man 
 and an assisiant, was first demominated Fly, by a gentleman at the Pavilion. 
 This manual machine developed into "the light carriage formed for rapid 
 motion."
 
 66 Street-Lore of Bath. 
 
 Fountain Buildings, 1770. Wood II. So called from the 
 Fountain or Conduit near. 1 The ground on which they 
 stood "was Waerborough Mead, which formed part of 
 the Town Acre in the centre of the present road. 
 
 Fourfield Place. [See Lyncombe Hill] 
 
 Fourfield Terrace. [See Lyncombe Hill.] 
 
 Freemasons' Hall, York Street, First Stone by Duke of 
 Sussex, Aug. 4th, 1817. Wilkins. Opened by Duke 
 of Sussex, Sept. 24th, 1819. [Now the Chapel of the 
 Society of Friends]. 
 
 Freemasons' Hall, Old Orchard Street Theatre. [See 
 Theatre]. 
 
 Friends' Meeting House, St. James's Parade, 1804. [See 
 Chapels]. 
 
 Frog Lane, so called from a Spring of Mineral Water in it. 
 Wood, p. 329 ; Broad Street. Presbyterian Chapel 
 [see Northumberland Place]. 
 
 p ALLOW AY'S Buildings, 1735. [See Parades.] 
 
 \X Garfield Tenace. Consisting 'of five houses, facing 
 
 Dafford Street. Mr. T. Bobbins, of Upper Dover Street, 
 
 builder. Mr. Gould, ground lessee. 
 Gascoyne Place, or Sawclose, 2 1789. 
 
 1 Not the present one, which was erected by the Bath Licensed Victuallers 
 and the Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals, in 1860. 
 
 2 Formerly called Gascoyn's Rampier, an interesting part of the City Walls. 
 The area for many years was used in common by the citizens as a place for saw- 
 ing timber, and hence the name. When the walls were demolished, the area 
 was enlarged and used as a live cattle market. In 1789 it was again enlarged, 
 and some of the present houses built, when it ceased to be used as a market. In 
 1723 a cock-pit was erected on the south side, and continued for many years. 
 la 17 The Inn, called the Garrick's Head was built and occupied originally 
 by Beau Nash, as his private residence, with great state. After his costly law 
 suit with Wiltshire, he removed to the next house to economize. Here he 
 died, and in this house his furniture and effects were sold, Nov. 6th, 1766. 
 
 [See Historic Houses, Article Nash.]
 
 Street-Lore of Bath. 67 
 
 Gas, City Lighted by, Sept. 30th, 1819. Outer parts of 
 
 Walcot, 1829. 
 Gas Lights. 
 
 Bath Gas Light Bill read a second time, Feb. 23rd, 
 1818. 
 
 Passed in the House of Commons March 15th, 1818. 
 and read first time in. the House of Lords. 
 
 Passed the House of Lords, March 19th, 1818. 
 
 Received the Royal Assent, May 8th. 
 
 Laying the pipes, July 15th, 1818. 
 Gates, City. 
 
 The best description of the Gates will be found in 
 Wood's Bath, edition 1749, pages 322, 326. Thoughts 
 on Bath as a Roman City, by Mr. Emanuel Green, 
 F.S.A., 1891. 
 
 The East Gate is still standing. This and the Ham 
 Gate were merely portals for people on foot. The North, 
 South, and West Gates were the ordinary means of in- 
 gress and egress for commerce, and for the citizens and 
 others from the time of opening until the curfew tolled 
 at night, when they were closed, and all traffic ceased. 
 If any stragglers were left outside or inside the gates, 
 they could get in or go out by one of the two portals 
 the East Gate or the Ham Gate. The East Gate led to 
 the upper or St. Michael's suburb, by way of Slippery 
 Lane, whilst the Ham Gate served the same purpose in 
 relation to the lower part of the city, and the southern 
 and western suburbs. There were a few other small 
 portals in the walls at intervals one near Gascoyne's 
 Rampier, and one near the Lower Borough Walls, and 
 another near Cock Lane; these in earlier times were 
 rigidly closed at night. 
 
 The Ham Gate was a small gate in the wall, similar 
 in size and form to the East Gate. It occupied that
 
 68 Street-Lore of Bath. 
 
 part of the wall which skirted the Ham, and was 
 approached from Stall Street by Lear Lane and Lear 
 Lands, now partly represented by Weymouth Street and 
 a small open space beyond [see Ambury and Hospital]. 
 
 " The Corporation have ordered avenues to be made 
 by the side of the Gates of the City (that at West Gate 
 being already begun), for the more agreeable passing of 
 people on foot, it being found greatly inconvenient 
 before, by reason of coaches, horses, etc., which greatly 
 annoyed those who were obliged to pass through in a 
 hurry." B.J., January 8th, 1753. 
 
 In the Bath Chronicle of March 15th, 1764, is an 
 advertisement for the sale of fruit trees growing in a 
 garden adjoining the West Gate. 
 
 "We have the pleasure to inform our readers that 
 workmen begun to pull down Westgate House on 
 Monday last by order of Mr. Clutterbuck, our worthy 
 Town Clerk." B. C., February 22nd, 1776. 
 
 " We hear that the South and North Gates of this city 
 will be pulled down to make the streets more commo- 
 dious, and the Corporation are also causing the bridge 
 to be made wider for passing of carriages," etc. B.J., 
 July 27th, 1754. [Old Bridge]. 
 
 " Last week the North Gate of this city was pulled 
 down, as well as the houses on each side, in order to 
 make the avenue more commodious, which before was 
 very narrow. The late useful and great alterations 
 made in the widening the bridge, the making the 
 avenues leading to this city more convenient for passing, 
 etc., etc., must redound to the honour of the present 
 members of the Corporation to latest posterity." B.J., 
 March 3rd, 1755. [Latest posterity /]. 
 
 "The Westgate Inn, opened near the spot where the 
 West Gate stood. In 1572 the house here mentioned
 
 Street-Lore of Bath. 69 
 
 was Westgate House, re-built and made commodious 
 enough to lodge the royal family on their visits to Bath. 
 In 1553 it was granted to the Grammar School, and was 
 afterwards enlarged to a mansion, and used as a palace 
 for James II., in 1687, and for the Princess Amelia, in 
 1728, and Ihe Prince of Orange in 1734. At the period 
 of its removal it was the property of Mr. Clutterbuck, 
 the Town Clerk, 1 who generously gave it up for the 
 benefit of the city." B.C., February 1st, 1776. 
 
 Gay Street, completed 1762, designed by Wuod I., built 
 by Wood II. 
 
 George Street, Milsom Street, 1730. Originally there 
 were only five small houses, which have been long since 
 removed, and the present handsome street built. 
 
 George Street, Bathwick, 1812. The site which included 
 Adelaide Place, taken by Thomas Cottle, June 24th, 
 1812. 
 
 Gibbs's Court, 1770. 
 
 Gloucester Place. 
 
 Gloucester Street. 
 
 Gordon Road, 1886. 
 
 Gordon Terrace. 
 
 Grammar School, founded 1552. [See SL Mary's Church 
 intra murosJ] 
 
 Grammar School, present building, 1750. Wood. 
 
 Grange The. The residence of Mr. Alderman Chaffin, J.P. 
 built in 1864, style modern Gothic. It stands on a 
 
 1 None will question Mr. Clutterbuck's generosity, for doubtless at the time 
 the removal of the gate and the house was deemed indispensable. We may, 
 however, doubt whether the sacrifice was not an unmitigated act of vandalism. 
 The house was, not only from its historic interest, but from its intrinsic beauty, 
 worthy of preservation. The gate, too, if not so imposing as the South Gate, 
 was the most famous in the city, having been identified with all the great 
 medieval and modern events connected with the city. 
 
 This house has been frequently confounded with the gate, which was 
 repaired at the same time.
 
 70 Street-Lore of Bath. 
 
 sloping eminence 1 under the shadow of Lansdown, and 
 commands from three sides views of singularly pictur- 
 esque beauty. The estate consists of fifty acres of finely 
 timbered pasture land, on which, under the intelligent 
 and enthusiastic ardour of the owner (whom we must 
 compare with the "Grower" in Blackmore's famous 
 novel) a choice and large collection of Conifers and other 
 valuable trees has been cultivated. The Vineries are 
 superb, the appliances of every kind perfect, the result 
 being the production of grapes with which we have 
 scarcely seen any that are comparable. As an exhibitor, 
 Alderman Chaffin holds a position of the first rank. 
 
 One is reminded of Charles Lamb's lines : 
 
 "What wondrous life is this I lead? 
 Rich apples drop about my head ; 
 
 The luscious clusters of the vine 
 
 Upon my mouth do crush their wine. 
 The nectarine and curious peach 
 Into my hands themselves do reach ! " 
 
 Gratious Street, a street once leading from Broad Street to 
 
 Walcot Street, built by a person who owned the name 
 
 of Gratious Stride, in 1729. 
 Gravel Walk, parallel with Park, opened 1789. 
 Great Bedford Street [see St. James's Square], 
 Green Street, 2 completed about 1717. No. 14 is an early 
 
 Georgian House, about 1710. [See Plumbtree Lane, 
 
 Old Streets], 
 
 Green Park, between 1792-5. 
 Greenway Lane [see Roads], 
 
 1 On this slope a vineyard of considerable extent was cultivated, from which 
 large quantities of wine were made. This vineyard was planted, we judge, 
 about the tame period as that referred to in article Vineyards, but survived it 
 some years, being in full cultivation in 1742, and perhaps almost to the end of 
 the century. 
 
 2 Name derived from the Bowling Green, referred to generally as the "Old 
 Bowling Green." [See Wood, p. 232].
 
 Street-Lore of Bath. 71 
 
 Great Western Railway, 1 1842, at the same time the 
 road from Pierrepont Street to the station was made. 
 [see Railwai/s\. 
 
 Grosvenor Villas. Semi-detached villas, facing Claremont 
 Road, looking south. Built 1890, by Mr. G. Powney, 
 local builder. 
 
 Grove, Orange [see (>]. 
 
 Grove Street and Cheapside, 1791. 
 
 Grosvenor Place, 2 1791. [The house, 23, gardens, and 
 ground beyond, were designed as the Grosvenor Gardens 
 and Hotel, to be called Vauxhall, but never used as 
 such. The house was for many years used as, and 
 called, The Grosvenor College. It is now a Ladies' 
 School]. 
 
 Guides. The first Bath Guide was published by Pope, 
 the predecessor of Cruttwell, either in 1761 or 1762. 
 The third edition in 1764 was issued by the latter, who 
 published several editions subsequently, the latest being 
 in 1803. 
 
 Guinea Lane, 1770. 
 
 Guildhall 
 
 We CAU trace two Guildhalls, previous to the present 
 structure, namely, that erected by Iiiigo Jones, in 1625, 
 and a small mean building which occupied the same site, 
 but of which nothing moie is known than the fact that 
 the old Miracle Plays were enacted therein. That by 
 
 1 The station connected with this railway lias been long quite inadequate to 
 the wants of so important a city as Bath. Through the vigorous and able 
 representations of the late mayor (Mr. Murch) backed by the Town Council and 
 the citizens at large, the Chairman of the G.W.K. Co., on behalf of the directors 
 and himself, fully recognizes that the time has arrived when ample and fitting 
 accommodation must be made for Bath, the business of which is, in extent and 
 importance, second only to Bristol, on the main line. The sum of 20,000 is 
 to be expended. 
 
 2 At the end, the narrow road now leading to the bridge was called The End 
 of the World.
 
 72 Street-Lore of Bath. 
 
 Inigo Jones was a quaint structure, built partly of Bath 
 stone, partly of wood and lath and plaster. The build- 
 ing, standing due north and south, consisted of one long 
 chamber with offices for the corporate body and magis- 
 terial business. It rested upon stone piers, and was, 
 says Wood, " of the Doric and Ionic orders, placed one 
 upon another, and was formed upon an area of two 
 squares and a half. The clear hall was also a figure of 
 two squares and a half, and so was the side front. The 
 end front was a perfect square." The lower part of each 
 side of the building was composed of six arches, each 
 end containing two of the like apertures, whereby a 
 pillar instead of an arch made the central part of 
 every front, a style the great architect is said to have 
 borrowed from ancient examples. 
 
 In the two upper recesses of the end liont facing the 
 south, there is a statue of King Coil, the legendary 
 British King, whose reign, Wood seriously tells us, began 
 A.D. 125. Beneath these, on the plinth above the ground 
 arches on each side, were the city arms, with an urn in 
 the centre. At the opposite or north end, Wood tells 
 us, there was " a heap of ornamental work, well put 
 together, under the direction of one Killigrew, a joiner, 
 who laid his apron aside about the year 1719, and I can 
 only say thus much of them that they incmnber rather 
 than adorn an handsome old edifice." This last remark 
 is borne out by the section of the building which is 
 preserved in the old drawings. The hall or principal 
 chamber was adorned by numerous portraits, presented 
 by Marshal Wade, of himself and citizens, mayors, 
 aldermen, and councillors, besides those presented by 
 Frederick, Prince of Wales, of himself and the Princess. 
 After Wood's death others were added. The best of
 
 Street-Lore of Bath. 
 
 73 
 
 these pictures are now in the Guildhall, whilst the 
 " rubbish " encumber an upper chamber. 
 
 The first stone of the present building was laid in 1766. 
 Some interruptions occurring in its progress, the under- 
 taking was discontinued until the year 1775, when fresh 
 designs were made for the edifice by Mr. Thomas Baldwin, 
 who was employed to carry them into execution. The 
 structure exhibits two handsome fronts : one towards the 
 street, the other towards the markets. 1 Of these the latter 
 is, perhaps, the more simply elegant of the two ; but being 
 obscured by the buildings of the market, its beauties are 
 not noticed. A large and convenient kitchen forms the 
 basement storey of the building ; the ground-floor consists 
 of a vestibule, a justiciary-room, a drawing-room for the 
 mayor, the town-clerk's office, a treasurer's office, a record- 
 room, and a lobby near the grand staircase. Above this 
 rise the principal storeys, where we find a common-council 
 room ; and adjoining it is a banqueting or ball room of 
 admirable proportions. This room is 80 feet long, 40 feet 
 wide, and 31 feet high ; the walls are ornamented with 
 several full-length portraits of royal and noble personages ; 
 amongst them is that of His Royal Highness Frederick, 
 Prince of Wales, who, in testimony of his grateful sense 
 of the attention paid to him by the Mayor and Corporation 
 of Bath, presented them with a magnificent silver-gilt cup 
 and salver, the former of which sometimes passes round 
 at public entertainments, previous to a loyal toast, with 
 great respect and ceremony. 
 
 At the time of writing, the necessity and desirableness of 
 acquiring property (White Lion, etc.) north of the present 
 buildings, for the purpose of extending the Guildhall and 
 the rest of the Municipal Offices, is decided upon, and 
 
 1 The present markets were erected in 1863, under the direction of Messrs. 
 Hicks and Isaac, and the sooner they are removed the better
 
 74 Street-Lore of Bath. 
 
 will, doubtless be carried out. Such a course will not only 
 add to the dignity and beauty of Bath, but will meet a 
 want long felt as the result of the growing business of 
 the city. A large site has been acquired on each side of 
 the Guildhall, the contracts for which have been signed. 
 These bites will afford scope not only for the exercise of 
 architectural taste and even grandeur, but for the much 
 needed accommodation for public business. Moreover, in 
 a city like Bath, which is increasing in importance every 
 year, there should be a potential provision made for the 
 future expansion of public business, and this desirable 
 result is likely to be attained. 
 
 The author of the selected design for the new Municipal 
 Buildings is Mr. J. M. Brydon (of London), F.B.I.B., who, 
 more than the other competitors, has closely followed the 
 lines and motif of the present Guildhall, which is a freely 
 treated renaissance design of the last century. Mr. Brydoii's 
 design, if it is ever fully realized in stone and mortar, 
 retains the present Guildhall as a central and dominant 
 feature, flanked on either side by lower abutting facades, 
 which recede and are terminated by wings rising to the 
 same height as the horizontal lines of strings and cornices 
 of the present Guildhall, capped with dwarf turrets, which 
 are carried higher than the level of the central part. 
 Except for the doubtful improvement and emphasising of 
 these parts of the elevation it is difficult to discover any 
 use for these expensive accessories. No doubt the architect 
 is much fettered with the details and design of the pre- 
 sent Town Hall, but the long straight flanking facades 
 would have been improved if they had been broken up by 
 another central projection. For public convenience both 
 of the extreme corners of the building are rounded off on 
 a considerable curve, though with some detriment to the 
 dignity of the elevation, and perhaps loss to the convenience
 
 Street-Lore of Bath. 75 
 
 of the plan. Indeed Mr. Brydon cannot be altogether 
 congratulated on his solution of the difficulty of dealing 
 with a curved frontage, in this particular style of archi- 
 tecture, and the carved figure subjects he has introduced 
 between the heads of the first and cills of the second floor 
 windows too obviously direct attention to the weak parts 
 of his design. The plan is thoughtfully conceived, the 
 old edifice remaining almost intact. The Mayor's room 
 is to be used for Justices, the Town Clerk's room for a 
 cloak room for ladies, and the unsightly Mayor's office is 
 thrown into the entrance hall. The Treasurer's office is to 
 be the Magistrates' Room, the Sessions Court and familiar 
 staircase remaining. At the foot of this staircase, in a direct 
 South line, is planned a corridor about 8 feet wide, con- 
 necting the present building with the new entrance and 
 staircase at the rounded corner. From this passage to- 
 wards the Market Place are arranged rooms for the legal 
 Profession, two for the Justices' Clerk, and others for male 
 and female witnesses. It is to be hoped this corridor will 
 be sufficiently lighted. At the back of it (facing the 
 Market) is the new Police Court. At a right angle to the 
 front another corridor, with its end to the East, provides 
 access to two offices for the Engineer, with plan room, a 
 room for Counsel, and public lavatories and entrance from 
 the Market. 
 
 A new staircase in communication with the new en- 
 trance at the rounded corner leads to the first floor, which 
 provides the following accommodation. Towards the 
 Market Place, the Mayor's parlour, Committee room, and 
 three large rooms for the Town Clerk, which also occupy 
 the rounded corner, and part of the South front. A new 
 Council Chamber is arranged at the rear overlooking the 
 Market, over the new Police Court. In the South wing 
 are two offices for the Treasurer, and public lavatories.
 
 76 Street-Lore of Bath. 
 
 The present Banqueting Room remains, and the Council 
 Chamber 13 to be used as a Committee Room. 
 
 It may be doubted whether the offices for the Town 
 Clerk or Treasurer would not be more usefully placed 
 on the ground instead of -the first floor, whilst the City 
 Engineer may well occupy rooms on the first floor. 
 
 No plan is shewn in the new wing to the North and 
 East of the present building allotted to the School of Art. 
 Such a provision is devoutly to be wished for in the inter- 
 ests of art and for the honour of the city. The entrance 
 to the present Market in this proposed building is not 
 well arranged. The cost of the scheme is estimated at 
 from 22,500 to 25,000. 
 
 The present markets have not of late years been a 
 success, and a large portion of them might, with advan- 
 tage, be pulled down. 
 
 HAMPTON Row, first house, 1818. 
 Harington Place, 1728, go called after the distin- 
 guished physician, Dr. Henry Harington. 
 
 Harley Street, 1825. 
 
 Harris's Court, 1767. 
 
 Hatfield Place, 1800. 
 
 Hay Hill [see Vineyards]. 
 
 Hayes, South, 1800. Wood gives a very far-fetched deri- 
 vation for Hayes. 1 
 
 Hayes, Lower, 1790. 
 
 Hayes, Upper East, 1770-1. 
 
 1 Hayes is a corruption of hay or haigh, a place surrounded by a hedge, i.e. 
 a Held or an enclosure. Park i of kindred meaning, although it implies in the 
 present day a place of greater dignity
 
 Street-Lore of Bath. 
 
 77 
 
 Hayesfield Park, 1875. 
 
 Henrietta Eoad, 1817. 
 
 Henrietta Street, 1791. Leases 1788. 
 
 Henrietta Villas, 1841-1855. 
 
 Henry Street [see Pierrepont Street], 
 
 Hermitage, built by Philip Thicknesse about 1770. He 
 sold it to his son, Lord Audley, by whom it was enlarged. 
 It has since been further extended. [See Historic 
 Houses], 
 
 Hetling Court, opened either in 1770 or 1771. William 
 Hetling, whose name is associated with Hungerford 
 House, was the son of Ernest Hetling and Rachel his 
 wife, born 1747-8 and baptised Feb. 26. In 1767 he 
 married Eleanor Eishton, by whom he had a son, 
 Thomas, born 1768. W. Hetling was a successful 
 Wine Merchant, who began business very early in life 
 at Hungerford House, and hence Hetling superseded 
 the historic title, whilst the Court and the Pump-room 
 near were also called after his name. [See Hungerford 
 House .] 
 
 High Street, 1760 to 1770. 
 
 High Street, Lease of White Lion, 1781. [This was not 
 the Lion referred to in Ancient Hotels.] 
 
 Highbury Almshouses. 
 
 Holburne Museum, Charlotte Street, 1891. 
 
 Holloway [seepage 103, Fosse Road], It is impossible to 
 state with any accuracy when the houses were built, 
 and, if ascertained, the dates would be devoid of in- 
 terest ; they are mostly modern. The historical and 
 archaeological associations are alone worthy of note. 
 [For Historical Associations, seep. 202.] 
 
 Hooper's Court, March 5th, 1772. 
 
 Horticulture 
 
 " Where the trees unfold their bloom, 
 And where the banks their foliage bear."
 
 78 Street-Lore of Bath. 
 
 One of the most important industries of Bath and its 
 neighbourhood is that of horticulture. Nature lends 
 herself to the culture of the garden and the orchard, not 
 only by reason of the soil, but especially through the 
 sloping positions, chiefly in a southerly direction. Of 
 these advantages, enterprising firms as well as private 
 ladies and gentlemen have availed themselves. During 
 the last thirty years no art has made greater advancement 
 than horticulture, 1 and it may be observed that amongst 
 the various elements which contribute to the prosperity, 
 as well as to the beauty and interest of a city like Bath, 
 is the keen and intellegent competition in the develop- 
 ment of all that is beautiful in nature. 
 
 " Clustered flower bells and ambrosial orbs of rich fruit-bunches." 
 
 There are many eminent " growers " about and near 
 our city, whose grounds and gardens are worthy of atten- 
 tion and some a few words of special note from ourselves. 
 What especially strikes an observer not familiar with 
 large gardens and the operations connected therewith, is 
 the large employment of skilled labour. With almost 
 entire ignorance of operations of this nature, an ignorance 
 we share probably with the bulk of our neighbours, we 
 have sought recently to know something more of them, 
 not only as an industry, but as an art, both in rela- 
 tion to the present and the past. It is quite within 
 the limits of truth when we say that not only is high 
 class garden culture increased six fold during the past 
 half century, but that its development by skill, experi- 
 ments, and watchful intelligence, has been in commen- 
 surate proportion. We felt some diffidence in seeking 
 the information we required, but on making known our 
 wants and avowing our ignorance to Messrs. Cooling, 
 
 1 Under which head are combined the cultivation of fruit, flowers and 
 vege tables.
 
 Street-Lore of Bath. 79 
 
 they kindly and courteously offered to supply the former 
 and with good breeding ignored the latter. 
 
 We first visited the upper grounds, in the hamlet of 
 Builbrook, under the protecting shadow of Solsbury, and 
 sloping down almost to the road. This ground consists of 
 about ten acres, and in it are propagated and cultivated, 
 chiefly fruit and hardy plants. What interested us so much 
 was the ingenious method of planting at right-angles, by 
 which a perfect system of protection from the cold winter 
 blasts is achieved. This system was adopted in the old 
 vineyards. After passing from the upper we crossed 
 the road and entered the lower nursery, which, about the 
 same area as the upper, slopes down almost to the banks 
 of the Avon. The first feature we observed was the 
 manner in which the protecting fences are grown. 1 These 
 are the Fagus, or Hedge Beech, the foliage of which is 
 rich green in the summer, and a beautiful yellow in the 
 winter, and therefore, whilst shielding the delicate plants 
 from the east winds, in no respect detracts from the 
 beauty of the garden. 
 
 Roses and fruit trees are principally grown the 
 collection of the former being considered one of the most 
 complete extant, as not only are the roses in fashion 
 to-day cultivated, but a curious and varied collection of 
 the old kinds and species known years ago. Large 
 quantities are grown in pots under glass, as well as in 
 the open ground, and a short description of the methods 
 of propagating may not be uninteresting. Under glass, 
 roses are increased either by being grafted or grown 
 from cuttings ; the former is the most rapid method and 
 and that usually adopted for increasing the stock of any 
 
 1 In the West Indies, these fences are composed of the Casapinia pulche rrima 
 a large flowered leguminus shrub, sometimes called _fl<nver-pride, which makes 
 a beautiful fence or hedge.
 
 80 Street-Lore of Bath. 
 
 new or other variety which is in demand ; a small piece 
 with a single eye of the kind to be grafted is closely 
 united to a seedling wild dog rose which has been pre- 
 viously established in a very small pot, this is then 
 placed in a closed frame upon strong bottom heat, and 
 in the course of ten days or a fortnight the eye bursts 
 into life, and the tiny rose then begins to grow. It 
 is then taken out of the frame, potted into a larger size 
 pot, and with great care gradually grown on in the 
 houses, until in about four or five months from the time 
 of grafting, a fair tize rose tree, very probably in bloom, 
 is ready for sale. Roses are also cultivated from cuttings 
 taken and grown in a similar manner to the geranium; but 
 many of the choice varieties do not make good plants in 
 this way, and have to be increased by grafting, as de- 
 scribed, or by budding out of doors. The latter operation 
 takes place during the summer months, and visitors to 
 the nurseries at any time from June to September will 
 see it in progress. 
 
 What struck us very much in the course of our obser- 
 vations was the large number of persons employed, and 
 the expert manner in which every operation of potting, 
 grafting, and budding was effected. Whilst observing 
 nature, we were impressed with its first law in all we 
 saw order. 
 
 What we paw on the occasion is doubtless typical of 
 other establishments of a similar kind which flourish 
 around us on the warm and sheltered slopes. 
 
 At Inglescombe, a gentleman named Ware, residing at 
 Barrow Castle, has laid out with great skill, grounds for 
 the cultivation of daffodils, lillies, and roses. These are 
 grown in large profusion, cut in scientific form, and 
 sent to the principal markets in the kingdom.
 
 Street-Lore of Bath. 81 
 
 Horse Street,[and Horse Street Parade (a raised footpath), 
 shewn on thejearliest maps. Earlier name, Mules Street. 
 The old houses in Horse Street were low, thatched, 
 narrow gabled hovels, in which the scum of the popula- 
 tion were huddled together. In wretchedness and 
 squalor they were equalled only by those of Holloway 
 [see "Beggars of Bath," p. 203J. On the 6th May, 
 1826, a fire broke out (fortunately at noon) which con- 
 sumed nearly the whole of the eastern side of the street, 
 consisting of thirty houses. On the west side there 
 were eleven houses. In 1805-6 the street was widened, 
 and many of the houses on the west side were then 
 built. In 1826 the houses on the east side were built, 
 and the name of the street changed to Southgate Street. 
 
 Hospital, Bellott's [see Blue Alms\. 
 
 Hospital, Casualty, 1808. "We have the satisfaction to 
 inform the public that a Casualty Hospital, for reception 
 of sudden accidents, is opened in Kingsmead Street, 
 under the direction of the Rev. W. Sibley, Rev. Thomas 
 Griffith, Thomas Neate, George Ramsay, and William 
 Anderdon, Esquires, Trustees to the said Charity. Dr. 
 Lysons, Physician ; Mr. Norman, Surgeon. Subscrip- 
 tions and Benefactions are received by the Treasurer, 
 William Anderdon, Esq., at the Bath and Somersetshire 
 Bank, Milsom Street." Early Notice. 
 
 Hospital, Royal United, [1825] 1 originally Casualty, 1788 2 
 Kingsmead Street, 1808. 
 
 Hospital of St. John, rebuilt at the cost of the Duke of 
 Chandos, 1728, by Wood. Founded by Bishop Regi- 
 nald Fitz Joceline, 1180. Previous to 1680, baptisms, 
 marriages and funerals took place in connection with 
 this institution, and these are recorded in the Abbey 
 muniments. 
 
 1 In 1790 The Abbey Vestry voted 4 Guineas per annum to this charity. 
 
 2 First stone laid August 6th. 6
 
 82 
 
 Street-Lm'e of Bath, 
 
 Hospital, Royal Mineral Water, 1737 [see p. 152]. 
 Sermon preached at the Abbey Church, Oct. 24, 1742, 
 by " Mr. Warburton," afterwards Bishop of Gloucester. 
 To the published Sermon is added an account of " the 
 Nature, Rise, and Progress, of the General Infirmary" as 
 then styled, as well as a list of the original benefactors. 
 
 Hotels, Ancient, in Bath in 1694. Some were then of 
 long standing : The Bear, The Christopher, The White 
 Hart, dating probably from the beginning of the century. 
 
 Hot Bath Street [see B]. 
 
 The Bear in that part of 
 Union St. near North- 
 umberland Passage. 
 
 Broad Street 
 The Black Swan. 
 
 Cheap Street 
 The Three Crowns. 
 
 High Street 
 The Christopher. 
 The Katherine Wheel. 
 The Noble Science. 
 The Grey Hound. 
 The Unicorn. 
 The White Lion. 
 The King's Arms. 
 
 By the Hot Bath 
 The George. 
 
 Westgate Street 
 The Angel. 
 The White Swan. 
 The Golden Ball. 
 
 Stall Street 
 The White Hart. 
 The New Inn. 
 The Three Tuns. 
 The Bell. 
 
 Southgate Street 
 
 The Plume of Feathers. 
 The Rose and Crown. 
 
 Without the North Gate 
 The Castle and Ball. 
 The Three Horse Shoes. 
 The Three Cups. 
 
 Hull's or Bull's Garden, 1720 [see Court]. 
 
 1 The following /<? ifesprit was written in praise of the house a century ago : 
 " May the White Hart outrun the Bear, 
 
 The Angel fly ; 
 Turn the Lion upside down 
 And drink the Three Tuns dry." 
 
 We wonder if John Dover, Phillott, and Pickwick, were permitted a peep at 
 the Grand Pump Room Hotel, what they would say. The Bear, the White 
 Hart, and the Lamb were in their day the best hotels out of London. It is 
 true they were far surpassed by the York House, when it was erected in 1759, 
 [see Y.] and this was in the pre-coaching days.
 
 Street-Lore of Batli. 
 
 83 
 
 Hungerford House, Westgate Buildings, built by Edward 
 Clarke, Esq., of Chippeley, in 1572, whose arms sur- 
 mount the fireplace. Immediately after its completion 
 the hoiise became the property of the Hungerford family, 
 whose name it bore. It has been successively known 
 as Hungerford House, Lexington House, Savil House, 
 Skrine's Lower House, Hetling House, and now as the 
 Abbey Church House. 
 
 Huntingdon Lady [see Vineyards, and Chapels], 
 
 INFIRMAKY and Dispensary, 1794, by the extension 
 of the "Pauper Charity," Lower Borough Walls, 
 taking in Alfred Hotel. 
 
 Infirmary, Eye, 1811. 
 
 Institution, Eoyal Literary and Scientific. 1 Founded Jan. 
 29th, 1825. Marquis of Lansdowne in the chair, Sir 
 G. Gibbes delivered an address. Formerly, and still, a 
 Subscription Reading-room and Museum of Antiquities 
 and Natural History, but of late much enriched and 
 extended. The Moore Geological Museum is excep- 
 tionally interesting. The Institution has become the 
 home of many of the " Learned Societies " of the 
 city: The Literary and Philosophical Society, The 
 Field Club, the Microscopical, Selborne, and Photo- 
 graphic Societies, and the Teachers' Guild here hold 
 their meetings. Meteorological observations are care- 
 fully registered and periodically published. The Library, 
 or rather Libraries, there being several distinct collec- 
 tions, may be described as rich yi certain departments, 
 rather than as comprehensive or in any way complete. 
 
 1 Stands upon the site and is incorporated with the portion of the Lower 
 Rooms, saved from the flre in 1820, viz., a large part of the south side, including 
 the portico, built in 1806. [See note to Assembly Rooms}.
 
 84 Street-Lore of Bath. 
 
 JAMES Street, 1770. 
 John Street, 1727. Wood. 
 Johnstone Street, 1789 [see Bridge, Pidteney], 
 Julian Road [see page 275]. 
 
 TTELSTON" Park. This park and village 1 are described 
 JL\_ by Wood as " The flower of all the manors within 
 the limits of the city of Bath in its ancient state,"- 
 and we may add its modern state. The name Eel, 
 he says, is derived from Kelhe, signifying in British, 
 icood, ton being a form of town. It may, however, have 
 taken the name, as many villages do, from the fact of 
 its having been associated with some ancient Christian 
 rites, and in that case Kel or Kil may signify a Saint, 
 of which we have many instances, Kilmersdon, Kilburn, 
 fyc. Again it may be derived from Kell a place 
 whence water flows. The park, with its fine woods, rich 
 verdure, with "oak and chesnut shady," and its various 
 undulations, glades, and windings, is greatly to be 
 admired. The place derives no, little interest from its 
 association with the accomplished and romantic Sir 
 John Harington, 2 by whom the earliest mansion of 
 which we have any record was built. Sir John em- 
 ployed the famous architect, Barozzi, to design this 
 edifice, the outlines of the site which it occupied, north- 
 
 1 The Rev. Francis Poynton in his exhaustive work on the parish of Kelston, 
 was unable to find any "memento of it, either by pen or pencil." An outline 
 of the ground-plan is all that exists by which any conception can be formed of 
 this vast edifice, with its "far-reaching terraces" and out-buildings. This 
 seems almost incredible, but when it is remembered that in our city, even in 
 the days of the Woods, many ftne old houses were demolished, of which not a 
 trace exists, then the fact is not so surprising. As Mr. Poynton says, " it was 
 the Georgian Era." 
 
 2 Statesman, Poeand Courtier of Queen Elizabeth's time, 1568. 
 
 See Nugse Antiques, 2 vols., by Park; Historical and Genealogical Memor- 
 anda of the Parish, by the Rector, the Rev. Francis J. Poynton ; Historic 
 Houses of Bath, by R. E. M. Peach.
 
 Street-Lore of Bath. 85 
 
 west of the present house, can still he traced. The 
 modern residence 1 stands upon an eminence overlook- 
 ing the Avon and the fine country to the east and 
 south. The Haringbon family from the days of Sir 
 John to 1759 possessed Kelston, then it passed to the 
 Hawkins family, thence to Joseph Neeld, Esq., and 
 finally to Colonel Inigo Jones. 
 
 Kensington, 1793. Chapel, 1793. 
 
 King James's Palace, Lyncombe Valley. 
 
 King Street, Old, 1729. 2 Wood. 
 
 Kingsdown View. 
 
 Kingsmead Street, 1730. Strahan. 
 
 Kingsmead Square, 1730. Wood. [The ornate house at 
 the corner was built by Stroll an] . April 9th, 1761 . The 
 past and present : " A House to let, in Kingsmead 
 Square, fit for a Gentleman's Family ; having a garden, 
 with a pleasant prospect open to the fields." 
 
 Kingsmead Terrace, between 1792-5. 
 
 Kingston Buildings. Bath Journal, March 13th, 1758. 
 " Last Monday was laid the first stone of the Duke of 
 Kingston's Buildings in the Abbey Green " [see also 
 Defoe's Tour, Vol. II. p. 296]. Originally called King- 
 ston Street, in early Maps. 
 
 1 Tlie Kelston Estate was 1 sold by Henry Hariugton (father of our good Dr. 
 Henry Harington) in 1759, to Caesar Hawkins, Esq., afterwards Sir Caesar 
 Hawkins. The purchase was completed in 1764, and it was in that year the 
 tine old mansion was pulled down and the present one designed, which was 
 completed in the following year. The tradition goes that it was designed by 
 Wood. The elder Wood died in 1754, and therefore he could not have been 
 the architect. The style resembles that of the second Wood's design for the 
 York House, and therefore it is probable that the Kelston mansion was his work. 
 
 2 At the end of this street is an old gabled Manor House of ancient date, 
 associated with the name of W. Sherston, mayor of Bath in the reign of 
 Elizabeth. It has been erroneously stated that the Queen was Sheraton's 
 guest on the occasion of her sole visit to Bath in 1572. The house was simply 
 the Manor House, with barton, and was wholly inadequate for the accommo- 
 dation of a royal retinue. The barton [a long low building] was at the rear of 
 the house, with the grounds or yard extending towards Milsotn Street, bear^ 
 ing south-west. Queen Elizabeth and a portion of her Court were lodged at 
 the Westgate House [see Gilmores Map}.
 
 86 Street-Lore of Bath. 
 
 Kingston Square, 1809. Original plan was not carried out. 
 King's Bath, Stall Street. Copy of Brass Plate affixed to 
 the Wall, Oct. 29th, 1817. [See Baths}. 
 
 T ADYMEAD, 1760. The Gardens in front were re- 
 
 Jj moved in 1829. 
 
 Lady Huntingdon's Chapel, 1773. Sunday Schools, 1812. 
 
 Lambridge. 
 
 Lambridge Buildings. 
 
 Lambridge Place. 
 
 Lambridge Street. 
 
 Lamps, Street, Bath first lighted with oil, 1755. [See Gas.] 
 
 Lancastrian Free School, Corn Street Chapel, 1810. [300] 
 
 Lansdown. 1 
 
 Lansdown Chapel. 
 
 Lansdown Crescent and Places [see C]. 
 
 Lansdown Grove, 1770. This mansion, situate east of Lans- 
 down Crescent, is now "The Lansdown Grove Hotel. 
 The position commands prospects of rare beauty, and 
 realizes for the first time a retreat for the wealthy 
 visitor and invalid, on the heights, "free from the 
 madding crowd," and yet within easy reach of the city 
 and bathing establishments. 
 
 Lansdown Tower, 1828. H. E. Goodridge. 
 
 Larkhall Terrace, 1885. Consists of fourteen dwelling- 
 houses, branching off from Upper Lambridge Street. 
 The land was formerly a part of Hooper's Estate. 2 
 
 1 Wood says Lansdown signifies La* a Temple, or Sacred Place, and Down 
 or Domain, a Hill. Wood, however, was never satisfied with a cognate and 
 obvious definition ; he must have a far-fetched recondite meaning for the 
 simplest object. Lansdown is composed of two words, Lan, Celtic for Land, 
 and Down or Domain, a Hill. In some places the same root word is applied 
 as a prefix, as in Z>stable, Z>dry, &c. There is yet another definition 
 which is derived from the old Chapel of St. Lawrence, now the farm house 
 occupied by Mr. John Powney. The theory is that the word Lansdown is a 
 corruption of Lawrence Down. 
 
 2 Lambridge Place.
 
 Street-Lore of Bath. 
 
 87 
 
 Laura Place, 1788. [See Bathwick~\. 
 
 Laura Place. A contemporary writer records : " On 
 Monday last (March 31st, 1788) at noon was laid the 
 foundation-stone of the New Building, to be called Laura 
 Place, and the first of an extensive plan for erecting 
 several hundred houses on the Bathwick side of the 
 river; the bells were rung on this occasion, and the guns 
 in Spring Gardens were fired, amidst the acclamations 
 of the populace, who were treated with plenty of strong 
 beer, delivered from off the foundation-stone in pails. 
 A very elegant entertainment was afterwards given by 
 Mr. Pulteney to the builders and their friends at the 
 Bear Inn. The following inscription is engraved on a 
 plate placed on the first stone : 
 
 "This Corner Stone of LAURA PLACE was laid on the 
 31st March, 1788, when the NEW TOWN OP BATH was 
 begun to be built on the estate of Henrietta Laura 
 Pulteney, 1 daughter of William Pulteney, Esq., M.P., 2 and 
 Frances, his wife, the cousin and devisee of the estate of 
 William, late Earl of Bath." 
 
 "The plan and designs were made by Mr. Thomas 
 Baldwin, architect and city surveyor." 
 
 A handbill was issued at the time as follows : 
 
 "This corner stone was laid on the 31st day of March, 
 1788, when the New Town of Bath was begun to be built 
 on the estate of Henrietta Laura Pulteney, daughter of 
 William Pulteney, Esq., M.P., and Frances, his wife, the 
 cousin and devisee of William Pulteney, late Earl of Bath. 
 The building of this New Town was the consequence [sic] 
 
 1 Afterwards Countess of Bath. 
 
 2 This gentleman was by birth a member of the Johnstone family of Wester- 
 hall, to the Baronetcy of which he ultimately succeeded. Ou his marriage with 
 the lady above mentioned he assumed the name and arms of Pulteney.
 
 88 Street-Lore of Bath. 
 
 of^the Executors ofjWilliam Pulteney, Esq., M.P., who 
 obtained [authority from Parliament for building a new 
 bridge and of a continuation to this ground, and for 
 granting building leases of the ground for ninety-and- 
 nine years, which he carried, in some degree, into exe- 
 cution during the minority of his daughter." ' 
 
 Leonard's Passage, widened 1816. Named after Leonard 
 Coward. 
 
 Lilliput Alley [see note to Parades]. Contained seven 
 small houses on the north side, near to the Parade 
 houses, the Alley being only ten feet wide, originally 
 called Segar's Alley, then Evelyn Street. 
 
 Lilliput Castle, was a small mansion built a little below 
 the Gra'nville monument. It was in the form of a 
 perfect cube, 21 feet each way. The structure was 
 designed to please the fancy of the philanthropist, Jerry 
 Pierce, the first surgeon to the Royal Mineral Water 
 Hospital and favourite colleague of the famous Dr. 
 Oliver. 2 The house was covered with a pyramidal roof, 
 in the centre of which the funnels of the chimneys rose 
 up like a small pedestal. The quaintness of the struc- 
 ture was such, that the wits of the times called it the 
 T To Turn. Pierce was not merely a philanthropist, he 
 was the soul of kindness and hospitality. Every night 
 he walked to his castle on Lansdown,*and"/sometimes in 
 the summer he was accompanied by congenial friends, 
 whom he entertained with unbounded hospitality. On 
 two occasions as Wood observes, the little castle, from 
 " an unreasonable use of the kitchen chimney " nearly 
 came to grief. By and by it was enlarged, until it grew 
 into the place many will remember as Ashton Lodge, 
 and all now^know as Battle Fields. 
 
 1 This lady married General Sir James Murray, and in 1802~[was created 
 Baroness Bath, and in 1808 Countess of Bath, 
 
 2 See picture'in Board-room.
 
 Street-Lore of Bath. 89 
 
 Lodgings of Old Days. One of the interesting features 
 connected with the domestic and social life in Bath, for 
 at least two centuries, was the ' Lodgings," which were, 
 for the most part, fine old mansions of the Elizabethan 
 and Jacobean periods. They were large, roomy, com- 
 fortable houses, and, with the exception of the Abbey 
 House, Hungerford House, and the Westgate Hou^e, 
 were situated in Abbey Green, Church Yard. Stall 
 Street, and "Westgate Street. The largest and most im- 
 portant private lodging house was More's, which stood 
 at the corner of the Church Yard, opposite the south- 
 west door of the Abbey [see Church Yard], All the 
 best " Lodgings " belonged to the chief citizens, who 
 themselves lived in a wing and carried on their respective 
 professions on the ground floor. The lawyer indicated 
 his profession by an appropriate emblem in his window, 
 the physician and apothecary, not having too much pro- 
 fessional dignity to make him ashamed of his bottles and 
 boluses, in his side windows. The streets were narrow, 
 and in some cases an ardent and agile lover might have 
 stolen his lady love from the upper chamber of the 
 opposite house. 
 
 " I mote perceive how, in her glauncing sight, 
 
 Legions of loves with little wings did fly." 
 If the streets were narrow, and for the most part ill- 
 paved, they were free from the noise of carts or other 
 wheeled vehicles, whilst in the rear of many of the 
 houses a pretty little trim garden relieved the monotony 
 and dulness of the public way. In 1755, all this kind 
 of life came to an end. Wood revolutionized the city, 
 and with a few exceptions the "Lodgings" were pulled 
 down, the streets widened, and the old class of lodging- 
 houses and the " letters " thereof came to an end. No 
 longer cared the latter to be host.
 
 90 Street-Lore of Bath. 
 
 " Call'st thou me host ? 
 Now, by this hand, I swear I scorn the term, 
 Nor shall my Nell keep lodgers" 
 
 Although evidence is to be found that at various periods 
 mortality was exceptionally large in the city, yet it was 
 free from plague visitations, of which in London are 
 recorded in the years 1407, 1517, 1604, 1625, 1665. 
 This immunity from that and less terrible visitations 
 has been attributed to the influence exercised upon the 
 atmospheric elements by the subterranean hot springs. 
 We do not attempt any dogmatic theory on the subject, 
 but we pledge ourselves to the historic fact that from 
 all sporadic forms of disease cholera especially Bath 
 has been singularly exempt. 
 
 Long Acre. 
 
 London Street and Terrace, about 1770. 
 
 Lower Eooms, burnt down Dec. 21st, 1820. 
 
 Lyncombe Place, 1843. [/See Poor Houses], 
 
 Lyncombe Vale. First of present buildings was Lyn- 
 combe House, 1737. 1 [See Springs, Cold Mineral]. 
 
 Lyncombe Villas, 1844-5. 
 
 Lyncombe and Widcombe. The term combe is the 
 Saxonized form of the Celtic word cicm, signifying a 
 cup-shaped depression in the hills, which exactly repre- 
 sents the general form and character of the ten combes 
 in and near Bath. The prefix Lyn signifies the small 
 stream which ripples through the valley ; and Wid 
 means wide. Hence Lyncombe and Widcombe. Devon- 
 shire abounds with combes, sometimes the Avord being 
 used as a prefix, but more generally as the terminal, and 
 always as the root word. 
 
 1 On the grounds of this house a cold Spa was discovered, after which the 
 house was built and called Lyncombe Spa House. It was intended for visitors, 
 but the springs, like that at Larkhall, suddenly disappeared. The mansion 
 is now greatly enlarged and improved.
 
 Street-Lore of Bath. 
 
 91 
 
 MACAULA.Y Buildings, stand upon fields formerly 
 called The Nedges, and before the road was con- 
 structed, were approached by a narrow lane near Wid- 
 combe Church. The upper lands were purchased in 
 1819 by the first Thomas Macaulay Cruttwell; Macaulay 
 House, being built in 1825, and the rest completed in 
 1830. Mr. Cruttwell was connected with the family of 
 Macaulay (of the family of Mrs. Catherine Macaulay, 
 the historian), and hence he called this group of houses 
 Macaulay Buildings. Thomas Macaulay Cruttwell was 
 a Solicitor, and was descended from the first Cruttwell 
 connected with the Bath Chronicle. He lived at The 
 Cloisters, and died there nearly half-a-century ago. 
 
 Malvern Buildings. Thirty-five houses. Commenced in 
 the year 1881, with roadway and gardens in the front. 
 Builder, Mr. Doble. The land being leasehold property 
 of the late 'William Seymour. The buildings face 
 towards the city, branching off to the right from the 
 newly-constructed road, leading to the 
 
 Malvern Terrace and Villas. 
 
 Manvers Place and Street, 1729. 
 
 Manvers Street, 1818, later portion. 
 
 Manvers Estate. The property known as the " Manvers 
 Estate," on the death of the Duke of Kingston in 1776, 
 devolved upon his nephew (eldest son of his only sister), 
 Charles Medows, who, assuming the name of Pierrepont, 
 was created Baron Pierrepont, Viscount Newark, and 
 Earl Manvers. The property within the city was orig- 
 inally a part of the Prior's estate, purchased after the 
 Reformation by Humphry Colles, who soon after dis- 
 posed of the same to Matthew Colthurst, whose son, 
 Edmund, in 1569 sold it to Fulke Morley, from whose 
 descendants this part of the estate came ; and this, together
 
 92 Street-Lore of Bath. 
 
 with a portion of the ancient ecclesiastical Manor of 
 Widcombe, descended to the Marquis of Dorchester, 
 afterwards first Duke of Kingston, 1 and then to his son 
 the second Duke, who, as Lord Kingston, the Marquis's 
 son and heir, married the grand-daughter of John Hall, of 
 Bradford-on-Avon. This nobleman, as second Duke of 
 Kingston, after the death of this lady, married the 
 notorious Elizabeth Chudleigh, already the wife of 
 the Hon. Capt. Hervey, R.K, (who was still alive), 
 afterwards Earl of Bristol. [See Historic Houses]. The 
 Priors' Park was purchased by Ralph Allen about 
 1 735. The other portion of the Abbey property, which 
 included the Abbey Church, together with the land 
 upon the East, North and West sides of it, the said 
 Edmund Colthurst gave to the Mayor and Corporation 
 for their parochial church and churchyard. Besides this 
 gift he also gave a large part of the ancient church lands 
 in Widcombe as an endowment for the Rector. This 
 trust was shamefully abused, the Abbey being utterly 
 neglected, the lands surrounding the edifice appropriated 
 and built upon by members of the Corporation, whilst 
 the Mayor (Richard Chapman) appropriated the lion's 
 share in Widcombe to his own use. The worst offender, 
 however, in this transaction was the Rector, the Rev. 
 Sir Richard Meredith, who, for certain pecuniary advan- 
 tages, selfishly and basely lent himself to this unholy 
 compact, by which the Abbey was bereft in perpetuity 
 of its revenues. 
 
 Margaret's Buildings, 1770. Wood II. 
 
 Margaret's Court, 1765. 
 
 Margaret's Chapel, now the Skating Rink. Built by 
 Wood II., in 1773. The ground on which it stands, 
 
 1 Whose Wiltshire property also devolved upon the said Lord Kingston.
 
 Street-Lore of Bath. 93 
 
 was the property of Mrs. Margaret Garrard, Lady of the 
 Manor, and at that time Patroness of the Living of 
 Walcot. Wood II., to whom and to whose father that 
 lady had granted some valuable leases, called the Chapel, 
 Margaret's Chapel, in her honour. Dr. Dodd preached 
 the first Sermon. 1 
 
 Markets, Old, Advertisements for Tenders for Building 
 in Bath Chronicle, with Guildhall and Cheap Street, 
 May 5th, 1773 [see G]. Richard Jones. 
 
 Marlborough Buildings and Street, 1789, finished 1791. 
 
 1 THE EXECUTION OF THE UNFORTUNATE DR. DODD. 
 
 The following faithful description of the last moments and ignominious 
 death of the clever writer and "fashionable parson" Dr. Dodd, for forgery in 
 the year 1777, is taken from some interesting papers on that gifted but un- 
 happy man in the Dublin University Magazine for the'month : 
 
 When they went to call the hapless criminal, he did not at first recollect 
 what was to take place, but presently on its coining back upon him, suffered 
 the most dreadful horror "and agony of mind," and became outrageously 
 vehement in his sj>eeeh and looks ; but on coming out of the chapel his face 
 was seen to exhibit the greatest calmness and composure. 
 
 Mr. Villette, who filled the dreadful office of " Ordinary of Newgate," 
 attended on him, together with the chaplain of JMagdalen, Mr. Dobey. The 
 friends who had been there the preceding night also appeared upon this 
 occasion ; and all moved on to the chapel. In the vestry they met the other 
 criminal, who was to suffer also Harris, the youth convicted for the "two 
 half-sovereigns and some silver," and who had attempted suicide in his cell. 
 Him, Dr. Dodd addressed with "great tenderness and emotion of heart" on 
 the great heinousness of his offence, and begged that the other clergyman 
 might be called in to assist in moving the heart of the poor youth. But " the 
 Doctor's words," says- one who stood by "were the most pathetic and 
 effective." All who looked on were greatly affected and shed tears. The 
 Doctor seems to have been a poor craven hearted creature all through. He 
 kept up his dandyism, but he shewed neither resignation nor courage. " The 
 executioner took both the hat and wig off at the same time. Why he put on 
 his wig again I do not know, but he did, and the doctor took off his wig a second 
 time, and then tied on a night cap which did not fit him : but whether he 
 stretched that or took another, I could not perceive. He then put on his night 
 cap himself, and upon him taking it he certainly had a smile on his countenance, 
 and very soon afterwards there was an end of all his hopes and fears on this 
 side the grave." Storerto George Seltvyn. 
 
 As the unhappy man got out of the coach by which he was conveyed to 
 Tyburn, and entered the cart, a heavy shower of rain fell, during which an um- 
 brella was held over his head, which Qilly Williams, who was present, observed 
 was quite unnecessary, as the doctor was going'to a place where he might be 
 dried.
 
 94 
 
 Street-Lore of Bath. 
 
 Mayors. The earliest chief municipal officer who presided 
 over the governing body was called the grieve, the first of 
 whom mention is made being Alfred 1 who died in 907. 
 It is probable that a similar official presided until the 
 Norman Conquest. The governing body was called the 
 tun (or town) moot, moot signifying people's meeting 
 place, hence the town people's place of assembly. From 
 the Conquest until the 13th century, the chief officer 
 was called the Prepositor, or bailiff, and the place of 
 meeting the burg-mote or moot. The earliest mayor 
 referred to by Warner is John Savage, in 1412, but the 
 name is much more ancient, as will be seen by the 
 following document: 
 
 COPY TRANSLATION BY THE LATE 
 MR. H. KILEY OF DEED BELONGING TO THE 
 
 BATH CORPORATION. 
 LATIN. No. 9. A.D. 1230. 
 
 Know present and to come, that I Walter, Son of Serle, in my lawful 
 power have given to Juliana, daughter of William Springod one 
 seld to the south of the Stalls of Bath which I bought of Robert 
 Prither for 4 marks and half a mark of Silver ; to hold and to have 
 to himself and to whomsoever he shall wish to give or assign it ; 
 rendering for it yearly to the Lords of the fee at the Feast of St. 
 Michael 7 pence, and at Heck day 5 pence for Land gable (Land- 
 tax) for all service exaction and demand. And that this my gift 
 may have the strength of perpetual security, this present charter I 
 have corroborated with the impression of my seal. These being 
 witnesses Caskil de Westone, John Duport, at that time Mayor of 
 Bath, Andrew the clerk, Geoffry Wissi, Hugh de Aystone, Thomas 
 Sweyn, W'alter Cabbel and many others. 
 
 (Date about A.D. 1230. It contains perhaps the very earliest 
 mention of a Mayor of Bath The device of the Seal has much of 
 the appearance of an ancient gem). H.R.'s note. 
 
 Miles's Buildings, 1762. 
 
 1 See King & Watts's Municipal Records, p. 3. (A most valuable book).
 
 Street-Lore of Bath. 
 
 95 
 
 Milk Street, 1770. 
 
 Milsom Street, formerly "Rack Close," Leases 1763-5. 
 
 Milsom Street. 1 
 
 Milsom's Garden advertised to be let. Bath Chronicle, 
 
 Jan. 14th, 1762. 
 
 Ground for building, together with the Poor House and 
 Buildings in Milsom Street, to be sold. Bath Chron- 
 icle, Nov. 21st, 1776. 
 
 " To be lett on a Building Lease for 99 years (absolute), 
 granted by the Corporation of Bath and Mr. Chas. 
 Milsom, of the same City, (in order to Build a Street 
 53 feet Wide, from House to House), a piece of 
 Ground, lately known by the Name of Milsom's 
 Garden, situate in the parish of St. Michael's, in the 
 City of Bath. The terms are four Shillings for every 
 foot in Front, with good outlets. For particulars, 
 &c." Bath Chronicle, June 14th, 1762. 
 Monument on Lansdown, to Sir Bevil Granville, 1720. 
 Erected by Lord Lansdown, eldest son of Sir Bevil's 
 second son [see Bath, Old and New, p. %65\. This 
 trophy has been deprived of portions of the armorial 
 bearings which adorned the panels on its sides ; in a word 
 the architect, who was employed to restore the monu- 
 ment to its pristine condition and to protect it against 
 the further ravages of time, with or without authority 
 took away its characteristic and distinctive armorial 
 ornaments. The meanest iconoclast by whom any 
 Christian temple was despoiled for " conscience sake " 
 was an innocent, though mistaken, bigot in comparison 
 with the man who was capable of authorizing conduct 
 such as is here described [see Entry Hill "Granville"] 
 
 1 Originally (with the exception of Stuckey's Bank) intended and used as a 
 private street. Gradually shops were allowed, and for many years it has been 
 devoted altogether to business purposes. As such, it is one of the most famous 
 in Europe. It should be added that during the past 40 years many changes 
 and vast improvements have been carried out.
 
 96 Street-Lore of Bath. 
 
 Monmouth Street, 1730. 
 
 Montebello, Bathwick Hill. This villa was the first de- 
 tached building of any importance in Bathwick. It was 
 the work of Mr. H. E. Goodridge, in 1829, and may 
 be said to have been the first example of that class of 
 houses high-class villas for which the natural position 
 of our hills is so peculiarly adapted. The house, in 
 the Italian style, has a fine arched balcony, and al- 
 together possesses considerable merit. It has a good 
 picture gallery, well filled with fine pictures, collected 
 by the late G. H. Simms, Esq., to whom the house for 
 40 years belonged. The chief fault of the house is 
 that it is loo big for the grounds in which it stands, ami 
 looks cramped. 
 
 Montpelier, 1770. 
 
 Moorlands. This place is a pleasant residence situate in 
 the valley just under the Bloomfield ridge on the foot- 
 way to Englishcombe, and is approached by the English- 
 combe Lane near Bloomfield House. In 1 742 the 
 locality Avas unenclosed and was called The Fields, and 
 about 1740 a small cottage was built upon the site by a 
 Mr. Mullens, a linen draper of Bath, and it was then 
 called Mr. Mullens's Summer House. It continued much 
 in the same state until about the year 1800, when it was 
 enlarged, and has from time to time been still further 
 extended. It has boon successively occupied by Capt. 
 Bateman, Mr. Sewell, Mr. W. C. Jolly, and Mr. F. 
 Barrett. In 1877, Dr. E. J. Ashford acquired the 
 property, and in 1881, that gentleman built the tower, 
 which is 60 feet in height, and contains six spacious 
 rooms. The situation is one of great beauty, command- 
 ing an extensive view of the vast panorama, spreading 
 out and extending to the Bristol Channel.
 
 Street-Lore of Bath. 97 
 
 Moravian Villas 
 
 Moravian Chapel, Charlotte Street, built in 1854, the 
 
 earlier and original Chapel in Monmouth Street, 1773. 
 Mount Beacon, 1791. 
 Murfit or Morford Street, 1775. 
 
 VTELSON Place, 1825. 
 
 1M Newark .Street, 1808. 
 
 New Bond Street, Leases dated 1805, 6, 10. 
 
 New Market Row, about 1786. 
 
 New King Street, begun 1764, finished 1770. 
 
 Newton Park. The seat of Earl Temple, is a very pic- 
 turesque spot. The mansion was built about 1685 by 
 Sir Joseph Langton, who represented the city of Bath 
 in the Parliament of 1690. In 1797, the park and 
 grounds were enlarged by the late Colonel William 
 Gore-Langton, M.P., 1 and laid out with much taste 
 under the direction of the famous landscape gardener, 
 H. Repton, whose artistic plans are described, and 
 preserved in the interesting and valuable library at 
 Newton Park. The house also was enlarged at the 
 same time. Westward of the mansion may still be seen 
 the relics of the ancient castle of St. Lo. The castle 
 was built in the reign of William I., and was the seat 
 and stronghold of the Barons of St. Lo until the reign 
 of Henry VII. In that reign, the heirs (male) of the 
 Saint Lo family became extinct, and the .estates were in- 
 herited, through the female line, by Lord Hungerford, 
 whose daughter Mary married the first Earl of Hunt- 
 ingdon, and his son, the second Earl, by that lady, 
 succeeded to Newton St. Lo. This nobleman also 
 
 1 This gentleman's patronymic was Gore. On his marriage with the heiress 
 of the Langtons, he assumed the name and arms of that family. 
 
 7
 
 98 Street-Lore of Bath. 
 
 became by right of his mother, Baron Hungerford, 
 Botreaux, Molines, and Moels. He died in 1507, and 
 the property was held from that time by various owners, 
 until about 1680, when it was purchased by Joseph 
 Langton, Esq., High Sheriff of the city of Bristol, who 
 was knighted and, as we have shown, then represented 
 the city of Bath in Parliament. l 
 
 Nile Street, 1793-5. 
 
 Norfolk Crescent, between 1809 and 1812. 
 
 Norfolk Buildings, 1825. 
 
 Northampton Street. 
 
 Northgate Street, 2 1805-10. The ancient Vicus Borealis. 
 
 Northumberland Buildings. The site was originally 
 granted to Edward Harington, father of Henry Haring- 
 ton, M.D., of revered memory, in 1730. In 1778, 
 Henry Harington, who was one of the trustees of his 
 mother, Hester Harington (formerly Hester Chapman), 
 on behalf of Edward Harington (atterwards Sir Edward 
 Hariugton) his eon, contracted with the distinguished 
 architect, Baldwin, to erect these houses, Dr. Harington 
 
 1 Sir Joseph was evidently a man of culture, and, judging from his books and 
 here and there a stray note in his autograph, a well-read man. In 1675 he pre- 
 sented John Norris to the Rectory of Newton. This John Norris was an author 
 of considerable repute, whose numerous works are still held in great esteem. 
 He belonged to the school of Platonists, of whom Drayton, in his Polyolbion, 
 said 
 
 Or, self-conceited, play the humourist Platonist, 
 Which boldly dares affirm that spirits themselves supply 
 With bodies to commix with frail mortality. 
 
 At the beginning of the eighteenth century Norris resigned the Rectory 
 of Newton, on being appointed to that of Bemerton, near Calne, once held 
 by the saintly George Herbert, and the church of which was the subject 
 of his meditations, and inspired the theme of his poetic but chastened rhap- 
 sodies on "The Church Porch" and "The Church." In Nichols's Literary 
 Illustrations of the Eighteenth Century there is an affecting appeal from 
 Norris on some of the literary subjects of the day, and Hallam makes refer- 
 ence to him in his Literary History of Europe, vol. iii., p. 311. 
 
 2 Widened when the North Gate was demolished, but only a few houses 
 built, which were demolished when New Bond Street was laid out. [See Old 
 Street}.
 
 Street-Lore of Bath. 99 
 
 himself living in No. 4, until his death in 1816. 1 In 
 1827, Dame Martha Rivers, the owner of the freehold, 
 on the expiration of the leases renewed them to the 
 several owners on equitable terms. The site of North- 
 umberland Buildings, after the building of Trim Street, 
 was used as gardens for some of the houses in that 
 street [see H. H., vol. 1, Bath, Old and New, p. 75]. 
 
 The Rev. Samuel Eogers, in his Poems, refers to Harington. 
 
 " To the ingenious learned, and judicious, 
 H. HARINGTON, M.D. 
 
 The Father of Medicine in Bath, 
 And Physician to the General Hospital here, 
 
 This Latin version of 
 GAY'S ELEGANT FABLE 2 OF 
 " The Shepherd and Philosopher," 
 As a slender, though the best Testimony he can give of his sense of 
 
 Dr. Harington's Great Merit, 
 
 Eminently exemplified in the several important Distinctions of 
 Literature, Profession, and Humanity, 
 Is cheerfully inscribed, 
 By his obliged, 
 
 and humble servant, 
 Bath, 1782." S. ROGERS. 
 
 Northumberland Place, 1729. Formerly Marchant's 
 Court. The first body of Nonconformists which es- 
 tablished itself in England was the Society of Friends. 
 This was in 1680, and shortly after that date a congre- 
 gation was established in Bath. Its first meeting-house 
 was erected at the end of a Court leading out of High 
 Street, belonging to one of the members, and named 
 after him, Marchant's Court, but now called Northum- 
 berland Place. A portion of the building is still in 
 existence, and is used as a billiard room. 
 
 1 Born at Kelston. 
 
 2 Rev. 8. Rogers' Poems, Vol. II., 1782. Rogers wrote also a little work 
 entitled Bath Anecdotes, by the Genius Loci.
 
 100 Street-Lore of Bath. 
 
 The Presbyterian congregation assembled at the com- 
 mencement of the last century in a shear shop, Bath 
 being at that time a clothing town. Their first meeting 
 house was erected in 1720, in Frog Lane, in Broad Street. 
 
 [A good deal of the old masonry of the earlier buildings 
 is "worked into" the Western portion of the houses.] 
 
 OAKWOOD, Bathwick Hill, built as a picture gallery by 
 the late Benjamin Barker, in or about 1832. It is a 
 house of much merit, and occupies a site of singular 
 beauty, the grounds sloping down to Smallcombe Valley. 
 
 Obelisk in Queen Square, 1739. Top blown down, Mar. 
 28th, 1815. [See Wood]. 
 
 Old Bond Street, 1769. 
 
 Old King Street, continued with Queen Square. 
 
 Old Street was the street connecting Walcot Street with 
 the North Gate. 
 
 Oldfield Park Terrace. 
 
 Oldfield Park (Upper), 1873-4. 
 
 Oldfield Park (Lower). 
 
 Oldfield Park (West) 1886. 
 
 Oldfield Road. 
 
 Oldfield Park, South Avenue. 
 
 Orange Grove, East side begun 1727. The houses from 
 the Athenseum to the end of the N.E. corner, three in 
 number, were built by R. Jones for Ralph Allen, 1736, 
 at a cost of 10,000. The site eastward was called "Batt's 
 Gardens." Nos. 14 and 15 were built by a Mr. Shogler, 1 
 
 1 The North side was known as the Upper Grove, which comprehended the 
 whole site from the Abbey Inn to the Police Station, where there were a few 
 ancient houses and a court. These were known as Shogler's Court and Build- 
 ings. When Allen built the houses here mentioned, he removed the old houses, 
 enlarging the Court, which was then called Orange Court, but which has 
 been encroached upon at different times by the houses now standing
 
 Street-Lore of Bath. 
 
 101 
 
 and Nassau House, 1 by the Earl of Burlington, a little 
 later, greatly improved in 1820, when the road was 
 macadamized and the Stone Wall which replaced the 
 City Wall was removed and the iron railings substi- 
 tuted. In 1819 the old stone Wall on the eastern side 
 was removed and the iron rails substituted. 
 
 Orange Grove, planted 1730. Prince of Orange resided 
 at No. 13. 
 
 Orange Grove, Obelisk in, 1734. [Designed by Mr. 
 Sarlase, see R.A. B.] 
 
 Orange Grove, Cross Keys Lease dated 1734. 
 
 Orchard Street, New, 1730. One of the streets in Wood's 
 original design. Occupies the western side of the 
 Abbey Orchard. Built for Thayer by Wood. 
 
 Orphan Home, 2, Bathwick Street. 
 
 Orphan School and House of Protection, 12, Walcot 
 Parade, established in 1805 by Lady Isabella King. 
 [See Bailbrook House.] 
 
 Otago Terrace. Thirty-five houses, facing eastward, situate 
 upon the upper side of the road leading from Larkhall 
 to Dead Mill. Lessee of land, Mr. Gould. Begun in 
 the year 1886. Mr. J. Roch, builder. 
 
 Oxford Row, Leases dated 1774-6, completed about 1780. 
 
 PAINTERS, Artists, and Sculptors who flourished in 
 Bath in the last century. In the majority of cases 
 the date of arrival only is given. 
 
 Gainsborough. Ainslie's Belvedere, Circus, &c. 
 Dickson, 1765. 
 
 1 Nassau House is a modern name ; it was originally called Burlington House. 
 The Earl designed it himself as well as that of Marshal Wade [see Wade}.
 
 102 
 
 Street-Lore of Bath. 
 
 Lawrence Thomas, b. 1769, began at the age of 10 to 
 paint in Bath, where he remained only a few years. 
 2, Alfred Street. 
 
 Redmond 1770, d. 1785. 
 
 Pine 1772, Hetling Court. 
 
 Ehrman 1772 
 
 Harris 1773 
 
 Taylor 1775, 3, George Street. 
 
 Hickey 1775, Churchyard. 
 
 Keefe 1777 
 
 Farrar 1778, Paragon. 
 
 Farrar,Miss 1778, Paragon. 
 
 GUI 1778, Orange Grove. 
 
 Warren 1778, Hetling Court. 
 
 Malton, Thomas, 1 779-84. 1 
 
 Beach (1) 1779 
 
 Redmond 1781, Orange Grove. 
 
 Beach (2) 1785, Bath Street, and Wcstgate Buildings. 
 
 Williams 1765, left 1786, 2, Westgate Buildings. 
 
 Rymsdyk 1786, d. same year. 
 
 Darnel 1792, 18, Orange Grove. 
 
 Hay 1787 
 
 James 1787, 4, Brunswick Place. 
 
 Robins 1788, Hetling Court. 
 
 Rosenberg 1790 
 
 Gilchrist 1796 
 
 Sharpies 
 
 Hoare, W., born in Bath 1707, d. 1792, 4, Edgar 
 Buildings. 
 
 Hoare, Prince, b. 1754, d. 1835 (Sculptor, Painter, 
 Litterateur, and Dramatist). 
 
 1 Malton made a aeries of twelve beautiful Architectural Drawings, which 
 were engraved and published. This series is very much prized and sought after 
 at the present day, not only for their exquisite workmanship, but as represent- 
 ing much of the Woods' best work, and showing it with the exact surroundings 
 of the period.
 
 Street-Lore of Bath. 103 
 
 Miss King, portrait-painter and teacher of drawing, 
 
 Burlington-Street. 
 
 Mr. Beach, portrait-painter, Bath-Street. 
 Mr. Sanders, portrait and miniature-painter, Green - 
 
 Park Buildings. 
 Mr. Vaslet, miniature and portrait-painter, Bladud 
 
 Buildings, 10, Argyle-Street. 
 Mr. Sheldon, portrait-painter and drawing-master, 
 
 Orange-Court. 
 Mr. Hutchisson, portrait & miniature-painter, 1, West- 
 
 gate-Buildings. 
 Mr. Becker, landscape-painter and drawing-master, 
 
 17, Queen-Square. 
 
 Mr. Daniel, miniature-painter, Margaret's-Buildings. 
 
 Mr. Eoch, miniature-painter, 6, Pierpoint-Street. 
 
 Mr. West, miniature-painter, North-Parade. 
 
 Mr. Taylor, miniature-painter, 3, George-Street 
 
 Mr. Bell, historical, portrait, and miniature-painter, 
 and drawing master, 2, Wood-Street. 
 
 Mr. Walmsley, drawing-master, 15, Argyle-Street 
 
 Mr. Williams, member of the Clementine Academy, 
 Bologna, historical and portrait-painter; painting 
 rooms, Lower- Walks. 
 
 Mr. Robins, drawing-master and painter of natural 
 history, Hetling-Court. 
 
 Mr. Hulley, teacher of painting in oil, body water- 
 colours, tinted drawing, perspective, and transpa- 
 rency, 6, Trim-Street. 
 
 Mr. Hibbart, engraver and copperplate printer, 
 8, Bridge Street. This gentleman took a slight 
 liberty with another person's namp, for which he 
 met the fate of Dr. Dodd. 
 
 Mr. Gingell, engraver and copper-plate printer, 
 
 18, Marchant's-Court.
 
 104 Street-Lore of Bath. 
 
 Parade Sth } ori g inallv called The Grand Parades, 2 1 727 
 
 There have been great changes effected in the appear- 
 ance of these early buildings of Wood, by reason of 
 later alterations in the roads and the general sunound- 
 ings. Originally the area of each house was protected 
 by a stone balustrade, and the walk in front of each row 
 was a wide handsome pavement equal to what it is at 
 present. For fifty years these parades were the chief 
 public resort of fashionable loungers. In front of the 
 South Parade 3 the garden was enclosed by a very beau- 
 tiful stone balustrade, which was skirted by a walk on 
 the outside. This was much lower than the opposite 
 walk, and was approached by a sloping descent opposite 
 Duke Street. Similar arrangements existed in the 
 North Parade, with the difference that the balustrade 
 extended along the entire end of the house next to the 
 river. The balustrade enclosing the opposite Lower 
 Rooms Gardens was an imposing structure, having three 
 obelisks, one at each end and one in the centre. This 
 balustrade, with its nagged pavement, was on the level 
 of the garden, and was reached by a kind of terraced 
 graduated descent from the higher level. The fafade 
 of the Lower Rooms, looking into the gardens, was j ust 
 what we remember it recently, as a part of the Royal 
 Literary Institution, that portion having been saved 
 from the fire in 1821. 
 
 Paragon, Leases granted 1768. 
 
 Park Street, 1791-3. 
 
 1 North Parade Buildings (formerly Galloway's Buildings, built by Wood for 
 a citizen of that name) with North Parade Passage at the same period, and 
 part of same plan. 
 
 2 The site on which these buildings stood was formerly a part of the Abbey 
 Orchard. 
 
 3 There was a large porch with other obtruding additions made to the centre 
 house, No. 5, which were removed in 1820.
 
 Street-Lm-e of Bath. 105 
 
 Parsonage House for Abbey, stood on site of New Wing 
 of Royal Mineral Water Hospital, built about 1780, 
 when the " Lane " was widened and the Rectory House 
 pulled down. 
 
 Parsonage or Vicarage Lane, leading from Borough Walls, 
 or St. Mary's Rampier, to Westgate Street. Formerly 
 this street was ten feet wide, one of the houses being 
 the old Rectory house of the Abbey, which preceded that 
 above referred to. 
 
 Partis College, completed 1827 ; Chapel opened March 
 31st, 1826. 
 
 Patches on the face were first used in Paris in 1625. 
 The fashion arose from the fact that a quack physician 
 prescribed them as a remedy for tooth-ache, a little salve 
 plaster being placed upon a piece of velvet. The custom 
 afterwards was to carry a little box full for ladies to use 
 at pleasure. What was used at first as a remedy was 
 then used as a "beauty spot" by the fashionable beauties 
 of Paris and of London, and as all such good things 
 came to Bath, the Bath beauty adorned her face accor- 
 dingly. 
 
 Pavilion, Sawclose, 1887. 
 
 Penitentiary Lease, dated 1796. Established 1805-6. 
 
 Percy Place, about 1800. 
 
 Perrymead Villa, about 1785. Baldwin. Perymead the 
 name derived from the site having been a portion of the 
 Prior's Orchard or Mead, the slopes extending to the 
 Lyn and across the valley being largely cultivated as 
 vineyards. Bishop Robert in the twelfth century 
 granted a tithe of the Vines at Lyncumb to the Monks 
 of Bath. [See Vineyards.] 
 
 Peter Street, 1770. This street was originally called 
 Queen Street.
 
 106 Street-Lore of Bath. 
 
 Philip Street, 1808. 1 
 
 Piccadilly, 1810. 
 
 Pierrepont Street, 1727, after the Pierrepont family. The 
 Portico leading to Orchard Street is called St. James's 
 Portico. Wood. 
 
 "Pillory" 
 
 Near the Conduit of St. Peter and St. Paul stood the 
 City Pillory, erected in or about 1412. Under early 
 municipal custom, the necessity or otherwise of setting 
 up a public pillory, and the place most proper for it, was 
 determined by a jury of citizens. In that year a jury 
 was called, composed of citizens, namely : 
 John Hywet, John Pork, Richard Wydecomb, John 
 Yhenele, Thomas Kyngton, John Eyton, William 
 Honybrygge, John Glasere, William Sewell, Robert 
 Honybrygge, Walter Rych, William Goldsmyth, Roger 
 Hobbes, John Haygoby, John Yhette, Robert Walley, 
 Laurence Webbe, Robert Phylpey, William Eynsham, 
 John Hygecok, Thomas Swift, Walter Hereward, John 
 Croke, and John Were, all of whom, except John Pork, 
 declared upon their oath, that the best place in the 
 whole city for the said pillory to stand in, was near the 
 Cross in North Street, where the old pillory used to 
 stand. Which ordination was confirmed by Robert 
 Hylle, steward of the court, the next ensuing law-day. 
 
 Poor House of St. Peter and Paul, and St. James, was 
 built about the same time as that at Widcombe, in 1729. 
 
 1 On the site of part of this street, and near the Ham Gate, stood for nearly 
 two centuries the Horse Bath. It was a perfect square and was fed by the 
 Waters which overflowed from the Baths. There were two approaches to it 
 from Horse Street, namely, one to, the other from Atwood's Pass and 
 Marchant's Pass,running parallel at a distance of about 15 yards from each other. 
 These Passes or Throngs were narrow passages about five feet wide. In other 
 parts they were even narrower when used only for pedestrians ; in others from 
 seven to nine feet wide, where chairs and sledges might occasionally pass each 
 other. The main streets were from 13 to 18 feet wide.
 
 Street-Lore of Bath. 107 
 
 It was designed by Wood at the back of the west side 
 of Broad Street, and was sold and partly pulle 1 down 
 when Milsom Street was built. After that, it became 
 necessary to seek a site in Widcombe, and the house, 
 now used as a school, stands on a slight elevation, 
 opposite the Pulteney Road. [See Milsom Street.] 
 
 Poor House, Lyncombe and Widcombe, stood on the site 
 near Lyncombe Place. It was built in 1729, and was 
 practically a gift by an Innkeeper, named Millarri, who 
 presented property to the parish, which on being realized, 
 produced sufficient to defray the cost. The architect 
 was Wood, and the house possessed many of his most 
 characteristic features. The entrance was between two 
 handsome pillars. After the passing of the present Poor 
 Law, the house, together with other parish property, 
 became very much dilapidated. Opposite the house there 
 was a very handsome gate, called the Water Gate, lead- 
 ing to the bank of the river the bank in fact which 
 had been a part of the old Stone Quay of Milo Smith, 
 which was superseded by Allen's Stone Yard and Basin. 
 No part of Bath has been so much transformed by 
 the railway as this. [The house here referred to has some 
 times been mistaken for the Workhouse of St. Peter and 
 St. Paul, St. Michael and St. James, referred to above.] 
 
 Poor Law. Formation of the Bath Union. The Act was 
 passed in 1834, and under this Act the Bath Union, 
 consisting of twenty-four parishes, was constituted on 
 the 28th day of March, 1836. The first meeting 
 of the Board of Guardians was held on the 29th day of 
 March, in that year, at the Walcot Workhouse. The 
 meeting was attended by Robert Weale, Esq., Assistant 
 Poor-Law Commissioner, Eight Ex-Olficio Guardians, 
 and the whole of the elected Guardians (41), of whom 
 the Rev. Thomas Spencer was elected Chairman, and
 
 108 
 
 Street-Lore of Bath. 
 
 Charles Batsford, Esq. , Vice-Chairman. Mr. L. Harrington 
 was elected Clerk, who for some reason was dismissed 
 and on the llth May, Mr. Christian Brown was elected. 
 The Union Workhouse was erected in 1836, the 
 architect being Mr. Kempthorne, and the builder Mr. 
 David Aust, whose contract was for 6,440. 
 
 Portland Place, 1786. 
 
 Pope's Walk. This " walk " which is entered from the 
 top of Perrymead, and by a slightly circuitous route, 
 skirting the two cemeteries (Abbey and E.G.), and 
 Prior Park on the west, emerges on Combe Down, is 
 simply a secluded lane, amidst sylvan "offerings round." 
 
 " Cedar, and pine, and fir, and branching palm." 
 Why it is called " Pope's Walk," is not easy to tell. 
 The old viaduct, which spans the path, is no doubt of 
 considerable antiquity, and served in olden days, as a 
 common roadstead for villagers, shepherds, and others, 
 before ordinary roads and by-paths were common. The 
 traditional " Pope's Walk " is in the grounds of Prior 
 Park itself, parallel with the wall extending from the 
 entrance near the second gate up to the mansion. 
 
 Post Office, Lilliput Alley, 1 1775. Afterwards to Orchard 
 Street, then to Kingston Buildings. In 1821 to Broad 
 Street. In 1855 to York Buildings. [See Coaches, $c.] 
 
 Powlett Row, Villa Fields, 1888. 
 
 1 Lilliput Alley was the name by which the Alley was known from the time 
 it was built, in 1727, until about 30 years ago. At that time the Town Council 
 was seized with an acute attack of fussiness, and during the worst paroxysms 
 that august body wrought sundry acts of folly. One was to change the name 
 of Lilliput Alley to North Parade Passage. This was an act of ignorant 
 vandalism, the effacement of one of the old traditional landmarks. Lilliput 
 Alley was a classic appellation ; within its precincts lived and flourished 
 oue of the greatest benefactors of mankind, or rather womankind SALLY 
 LUNN the inventor of that succulent, that toothsome teacake called after 
 her honoured name. [See " Historic Houses" by the author of this volume}. 
 Previous to Wood, for as much as two centuries there was an alley on the same 
 spot, called "Segal's Alley."
 
 Street-Lore of Bath. 
 
 109 
 
 Prince's Street, 1729. [After Frederick, Prince of Wales]. 
 
 Princess Buildings, 1766. This is corrupted into Prince's 
 Buildings. It takes the name from the Princess Amelia. 
 
 Prior Park begun in 1739. Centre portion completed in 
 1742. The north-east wing built last and was connected 
 with the centre by a corridor. The whole works about 
 7 years in their completion. The centre, the first portion 
 completed, the stables, and porte cochere (now destroyed) 
 was by Wood ; the north-east wing was the work of 
 Richard Jones. Wood never mentions the north-east 
 wing, nor does he show it in the elevations in his book. 
 The Palladian bridge was also built from Jones's designs 
 in 1755. 1 He also planted the entire estate in 1762, at 
 a cost of 58,000. Allen died in 1764, and was buried 
 in Clave rton Churchyard, the undertaker was Mr. 
 Bachelor, a worthy Bath citizen who was succeeded by 
 the late Mr. George Shaw. In the books of the former 
 the details and cost of the funeral are recorded, and 
 those books were in possession of Mr. Shaw at the time 
 of his death. The furniture and other effects were sold 
 by auction at Prior Park by Mr. Gerald, Aug. 7th, 1769. 
 
 Prior Park, purchased by Bishop Baines, 1829. 
 
 Prior Park Buildings, 1825. 
 
 Priory Place. 
 
 Prison, City, in Bathwick Mead, now Grove Street. 
 Foundation Stone laid by John Horton, Mayor, May 5th, 
 1772. Built by Richard Jones. 
 
 1 The peculiar building on the eminence above the mansion was erected after 
 Allen's death by Bishop Warburton. It is or rather was a triangular building, 
 surmounted by a circular super-structure, which the bishop called the Prior's 
 Tower. Over the door there is a slab which bore the following inscription, 
 written by Bishop Hurd : 
 
 M KMHIU.K SACRUM 
 
 OPTIMI VIRI. KADULPHI ALLEN ; 
 
 QUI VIRTUTEM VKRAM SIMPLICKMPQUE COLIS, 
 
 VKNbRARE HOC SAXU.M. 
 
 The inscription has disappeared, and the building, now called The Monument, 
 much defaced.
 
 Street-Lore of Bath. 
 
 Prospect Place, 1810. 
 
 Prospect Buildings. 
 
 Prospect Villas. 
 
 Pulteney Gardens, 1870. 
 
 Pulteney Street, 1789. Plans drawn by Baldwin, 1788. 1 
 
 Pulteney Road was originally laid out by Harcourt Masters 
 as an ordinary street, the name of which was to have 
 been Sackville Street. 
 
 Pump Room, First Stone, 1790. Discovery of Roman 
 Temple Portico, 1786. East Wing finished 1806. 
 New Basin, 1829 2 There are three entrances from the 
 Abbey churchyard, and one communicating with the 
 King's Baths. An apse on the south side contains the 
 mineral water fountain, which is supplied direct from 
 the spring. In this apse are five windows, four of which 
 are filled with stained glass, representing the following 
 subjects : " Bladud and the pigs," presented by Mr. C. 
 W. Radway; "Roman Soldiers," presented by Mr. R. 
 B. Cater; "Visit of Queen Elizabeth," presented by 
 Col. Laurie, C.B., M.P., and the "Crowning of Edgar," 
 
 1 It is well to state that the street is called so after Sir W. Johnstone 
 Pulteney who married the heiress of the Pulteneys, and whose arms may be 
 seen on the pediment of No. 59. 
 
 2 The following impromptu lines were written in the old Pump Room at 
 Bath by Fielding during one of his visits to Ralph Allen at Prior Park, to Miss 
 fl land [Holland], We believe they have never appeared in any edition of his 
 works. 
 
 Soon shall these bounteous Springs thy wish bestow, 
 
 Soon in each feature sprightly health shall glow : 
 
 Thy eyes their fire regain ; thy limbs their grace; 
 
 And roses join the lilies in thy face. 
 
 But say, sweet maid, what waters can remove 
 
 The pangs of cold despair in hopeless love? 
 
 The deadly star, that lights th' autumnal skies, 
 
 Shines not so bright, so fatal as thy eyes ; 
 
 The pains, which from their influence we endure, 
 
 Not Brewster,* glory of his art, can cure. 
 
 * Brewster, M.D., translator qfPersius. 
 
 The lines here quoted were published by the Rev. Samuel Rogers in his 
 Poems, 2 vols [Vol. I.] published in Bath in 1782, which are now very scarce
 
 Street-Lore of Bath. 
 
 Ill 
 
 the gift of some members of the medical profession 
 and others. In a recess at the eastern end is a marble 
 statue of Beau Nash, and at the opposite end is the 
 orchestra. Comfortable lounges, and a table supplied 
 with newspapers and books, are provided for the accom- 
 modation of persons taking the waters. 
 
 In 1889, Mr. H. W. Freeman, at the termination of 
 his year of office as Mayor of the city, presented the exqui- 
 site statuette which now adorns the recess in the Pump 
 Room. It is from the studio of the late John Warrington 
 Wood, whose chef-d'oeuvre it may safely be pronounced 
 to be, and is the embodiment of the sacred incident of 
 the Angel Troubling the Water. In its impressive and 
 unaffected grace, it realizes the ideal of what a work of 
 art should be, especially when its purpose is to remind 
 one of holy associations. In the corridor of the new 
 baths is a colossal group in plaster, also the gift of the 
 same gentleman. 
 Pumpers. 
 
 In the early part of the last century the Waters, so far 
 as drinking them was concerned, were not profitable to 
 the Corporation. About the middle of the century the 
 Baths and Pump Room were leased to a person, who was 
 called the " Pumper." Somehow, to the pumper, they 
 proved a source of considerable revenue, ranging from 
 500 to 800 per annum. At first only a small rent 
 was paid. In 1777 the amount was 525; in 1778 it 
 was 650, and this was about the average rental until 
 1709, when the office was abolished. Names of Pumpers 
 and their periods of office : 
 1751. William Laurance, to June, 1753-54-55-56. 
 1756. Richard Rundell 1757-58-59. 
 
 1759. Elizabeth Rundell. 
 1761. Mr. Council Bush. Salary 300. 
 1764. Mr. John Davis.
 
 112 
 
 Street-Lore of Bath. 
 
 1772. James Baubury. Died during the year. 
 
 1772. Thomas Butt, Peruke Maker. Mrs. Vachell a 
 
 Candidate. 
 
 1773. Thomas Butt. 
 
 1774. Mr. Hay ward. Mr. Vachell, Candidate. 
 1774-5. July 5th. James Banbury, for his children. 
 
 1776. Mr. Vachell appointed. 1 
 
 1777. Lease granted to Mr. Vachell for one year, from 
 
 July 1st. 1777, at the yearly rent of 525. 
 
 1778. Mary Harrington, widow, appointed July 1st, 
 
 at the yearly rent of 650. 
 1780. Peter Ferry (Brother to the City Chamberlain), 
 
 of the city of Bath, Gentleman. Lease 
 
 granted, 630 
 1782. Thomas Ettrick Cary, Hosier, 630. Common 
 
 Council Man. 
 1789. Kobert Boulton. 
 
 QUAY, 1729. In 1750 it was enlarged and improved, 
 and again in 1806. 
 
 Queen's College, near Sham Castle, designed and foundation 
 stone laid, 1837. Never completed. Foundation walls 
 to be seen in the Garden of the Cottage immediately 
 adjoining. 
 Queen's Parade, 1728. Wood. 
 
 I July 1st, 1776. Who shall be pumpers of all the Baths for this City for 
 the year ensuing ? 
 
 Agreed that Mr. Vachell shall be pumper of all the Baths for this city, 
 with the benefit of the same as usual, for one year, from this day under. Rent, 
 with the usual security, to be given under such Terms, Conditions and Regula- 
 tions and in such manner and form, and for such purposes as Mr. Justice 
 Ditcher and Mr. Justice Wright shall agree and direct. 
 
 This Mr. Vachell was a member of an old county family. William Vachell, 
 of Hingeston, was Sheriff of Cambridgeshire and Huntingdon in 1783, and he 
 died at Coptfleld Hall, April 29th, 1807, aged &2. Council Minutes.
 
 Street-Lore of Bath. 
 
 113 
 
 Queen Square, 1729. 1 Wood. 
 Quiet Street, 1729. 2 Wood. 
 
 AILWAYS. The Bath Road was not only the most 
 JLX famous, but the earliest of all the great public roads 
 in the kingdom renowned, moreover, for its hostelries, 
 its splendid teams, and equally splendid whips. " The 
 Bath Road," as Mr. Tristram says, " is not all a literary 
 history, though of all the great roads of England, I have 
 found it the most literary road. At one end of it, it 
 must be remembered, was Bath, and to ' the Bath,' 
 as it was till quite lately called, jaded authors and other 
 literary wild fowl rushed to rouse sedentary livers. The 
 Bath Road, as I say, however, has its coachmen as well 
 as its poets. * * * * Down this part of the road, 
 then, the following great men, who are now, let us hope, 
 driving in august procession by the Styx, exercised their 
 superlative craft Isaac Walton not he of fishing fame, 
 but the Maecenas of whips, the Braham of the Bath 
 Road, who could pick a fly off his leader's right eyelid 
 with all the friendly dexterity discovered by Mr. Vincent 
 Crummies," and so on. These days were threatened with 
 extinction when the first turf of the G. W.R. was turned, 
 and when the end came, then also came the close of the 
 most interesting feature in England's social life. The 
 
 1 Wood never finished the Square. Three of the sites on the west side 
 could not be obtained, and were not occupied until far into the present century, 
 and it is not necessary to point out these three houses. As late as 1784 the 
 obelisk remained intact, the summit tapering off to a sharp point. 
 
 2 The street was widened in 1871. The name "Quiet" is derived from the 
 fact, given on the authority of Wood the architect, that one of the masons who 
 was employed upon the work was espoused to a washerwoman of meek temper. 
 No doubt this trait was unusual in washerwomen as in many others, both then 
 and now, and perhaps Wood was wise in giving historic prominence to so 
 interesting an incident. Even Wood understood the wisdom of Captain Cuttle's 
 motto. " when found make a note on't."
 
 114 
 
 Street-Lore of Bath. 
 
 scenes in Bath from day to day were full of animation, 
 frolic and fun. The coach proprietors, who for a century 
 " ruled the road," affected to care little for the " iron 
 horse," but when the great transition came, they found 
 that horse-flesh and blood could not compete with the 
 " leviathan of steam," which not only excelled all physi- 
 cal power which travelled on four legs, but exhausted 
 the breeches pocket power of the most plucky of plucky 
 coach proprietors. 
 
 Great Western. The Great Western scheme appears 
 to have been first brought before the public at a meet- 
 ing held, pursuant to public advertisement, at the Guild- 
 hall, Bristol, on July 30th, 1833. This meeting having 
 received a report upon the subject of the expediency of 
 a railway from Bristol to London, from a Committee of 
 Deputies appointed by the public bodies of the city of 
 Bristol, agreed that a Company should be formed for 
 the establishment of such line of railway. 
 
 The first application was made in the Session of 1 834, 
 for the portion of the line between London and Reading 
 and between Bath and Bristol. This was unsuccessful, 
 but in the ensuing Session of 1835 an Act was obtained 
 for the construction of the line throughout between 
 Bristol and London, the broad guage being affirmed. 
 
 The works were commenced between Hanwell and 
 Maidenhead, and within the Bristol district, between 
 November, 1835, and February, 1836, and between 
 Bath and Bristol a few months after. 
 
 The line was opened for traffic from London to 
 Maidenhead on the 4th of June, 1838, to Twyford on 
 the 1st of July, 1839, to Reading in March, 1840, to 
 Steventon in June, 1 840, to Farringdon Road sometime 
 between June and August, 1840, between Bristol and 
 Bath on the 31st August, 1840. Throughout between 
 London and Bristol on the 30th of June, 1841.
 
 Street-Lore of Bath. 
 
 115 
 
 Box tunnel was begun about the middle of the year 
 1836, and completed in the early part of 1841. 
 
 The broad gauge is now no more. Monday, May 23rd, 
 1892. L The Times says, to-day marks its final extinction 
 and the triumph of its old rival, the narrow gauge. The 
 change has been carried out in the last three days. The 
 fact may be recorded with mixed feelings. Of the 
 necessity of the change there could be no doubt. Uni- 
 formity of gauge is of the first importance in a country 
 crossed and re-crossed in every direction by networks of 
 lines, which are of use to one s another and to the public 
 in just the degree in which they can be combined to 
 form one harmonious whole. A line which stands out 
 from the rest by the adoption of a different gauge can 
 neither give nor receive the amenities of an interchange 
 of accommodation. It thus causes a breach of continuity 
 where continuity would be of essential service, and if it 
 persists in its policy of isolation it must do so at no 
 small cost to itself and to its disobliged neighbours. 
 This policy the Great Western Railway has at length 
 finally given up, and the long-standing battle of the 
 gauges is at an end. But the disappearance of the 
 broad gauge is an event which we record with some 
 regret and with some sense of loss. It is a triumph of 
 utility, of common sense, of convenience ; it is a con- 
 cession to an irresistible foe ; it has been long inevitable 
 and it has come now, as sooner or later it must have 
 come. But the change thus made is by no means an 
 unmixed benefit. The broad gauge had something 
 more than a sentimental claim on our regard. It was a 
 comfortable gauge to travel by. It allowed with safety 
 of a higher speed than can be attained by its rival. An 
 express train on the old Great Western line conveyed its 
 inmates not only more rapidly but more smoothly than
 
 116 Street-Lore of Bath. 
 
 almost any other line in the country. The line, we 
 must admit, cost more in construction ; it was worked 
 at greater expense. From the shareholders' point of 
 view there can be no doubt which of the two systems 
 was preferable. But its great champion, Brunei, had a 
 soul above such base monetary considerations. His 
 mind was in the grand style, and such too must be his 
 work. But the views which found favour with him 
 did not therefore commend themselves to intelligences 
 cast in a different mould. His triumphs consequently 
 were limited to the sphere within which he ruled supreme. 
 There and there only could he give play to his inventive 
 powers. On all sides of him another spirit prevailed, 
 and another system was set up. His position thus 
 became untenable, long and stoutly as he refused to 
 recognize the fact. In the workaday world of common 
 life, the one must yield to the many. So it has been 
 with the broad guage ; and, given the facts of the case, 
 we could not wish that it had been otherwise. The 
 regret is not that the weaker system has succumbed to 
 the stronger, but rather that the chapter of accidents 
 has turned out unhappily for it, and that by becoming 
 the weaker it has been thus forced to succumb. It had 
 good prospects once, and good chances of success. The 
 uniformity of gauge, which has been secured by its dis- 
 appearance, would have been equally well secured by 
 its general adoption. 
 
 The issue of the battle of the gauges has been certain 
 for some time past, and it has ended now in the way 
 which has been long foreseen by railway experts and by 
 the public. The narrow guage has been the successfully 
 aggressive power. On some branches of the Great 
 Western Eailway it was in use at all times. Elsewhere, 
 and most notably on the main line, it had its place
 
 Street-Lore of Bath. 117 
 
 allowed it side by side with the broad gauge, and, 
 having thus crept into recognition, it has now, cuckoo- 
 like, dispossessed the original occupant, and has taken 
 the Great Western Railway all through as its own. It 
 has been a wise course on the part of the directors to 
 complete the process of transformation which their line 
 has been undergoing by degrees. Its full benefit will 
 not be felt immediately, but it will come in due course, 
 and in all probability after no very long delay. 
 
 What great expectations are entertained in the West 
 of England as to the results to follow from the change 
 which is now completed, we may judge from the interest 
 with which the work has been watched, and from the 
 hearty welcome given to those who have been instru- 
 mental in carrying it through. It has been anxious 
 work for the railway authorities, and very hard work for 
 the labourers. The difficulties which have attended it, 
 and the pluck and energy which have triumphed over 
 all difficulties were immense. The bolts and tie-bars 
 are counted literally by millions, and if one of these 
 gives way, the train which passes the place must in- 
 evitably be wrecked. That trains are not wrecked from 
 this cause speaks volumes for the sound honest work 
 which has been put into the British railways, and when 
 the work has to be continued for sixteen hours at a 
 stretch, as it has been in getting the new gauge ready 
 for use to-day, it is no small trial of endurance to the 
 workers, and no small credit to them that they perform 
 their appointed task with the thoroughness that the 
 business demands. 
 
 Next month, 1 a through express train is to run daily 
 between Torquay and Liverpool, thus bringing into easy 
 connexion two parts of the country which have been 
 very markedly disunited. This is no more than one 
 
 1 June, 1892.
 
 118 Street-Lore 0} Bath. 
 
 specimen out of many, and one concrete proof that the 
 change of gauge has been rightly made. The broad 
 gauge has much that can be said for it, and much that 
 might have been said for it in old days, while the contest 
 was as yet undecided. That it has disappeared has 
 been in compliance with the harsh law of the survival 
 only of the fittest. Its chief appeal has thus come to be 
 to sentiment, and in the world of affairs sentiment must 
 give way to use. Like the old paddle steamer, it has 
 been displaced by a new rival, and like the old paddle 
 steamer it will be regretted by those who have a 
 grateful memory of the convenience and comfort and 
 easy travelling which they enjoyed in days which are 
 now no more, and which can never be expected to return. 
 
 Midland. It may be said that until 1865 the Great 
 Western was the only railway connected with the city, 
 except the "Weymouth Branch. To get to any place 
 northward involved either a journey to Bristol by the 
 Great Western, and thence per Midland, or to Didcot 
 and Oxford, and thence per North Western. 
 
 The want of a more direct connection with the Mid- 
 land system became so obvious and so pressing, than an 
 Act of Parliament was obtained in the year 1864, for 
 the construction of the Mangotsfield and Bath Branch. 
 The Branch was begun in December, 1865, and the 
 line was opened for passenger traffic on August 4th, 
 1869, and for goods traffic on September 1st, 1869. 
 
 The reader who desires more information respecting 
 the Great Western and the Midland Lines is referred to 
 the very able and interesting volume by Mr. W. M. 
 Acworth, published by Mr. J. Murray, in 1889, " The 
 Railways of England." It is a work of surpassing in- 
 terest, containing a vast deal of varied information.
 
 Street-Lore of Bath. 119 
 
 Somerset and Dorset Joint Line. This line runs from 
 Bath to Wimborne and Broadstone Junction, at which 
 places it joins the London and South Western main line 
 from Weymouth to Southampton, and at the last-named 
 junction is in communication with the Bournemouth 
 Branch of the same railway. 
 
 Through trains are run by this route between Bath 
 and Bournemouth; it has also a Branch from Evercreech 
 Junction to Burnham on the Bristol Channel, and from 
 this branch short branches run from Glastonbury to 
 Wells, and from Edington Junction to Bridgwater. 
 
 The original line was from Burnham to Wells, and 
 was known as the Somerset Central Railway, and on 
 the amalgamation with this of the Dorset Central Rail- 
 way from Wimborne to Templecombe, the connecting 
 link from Templecombe to near Glastonbury was con- 
 structed, and the whole system was then known as the 
 Somerset and Dorset Railway. Many and various diffi- 
 culties were, however, experienced, and the traffic being 
 very unsatisfactory, the desirability of making the line a 
 direct connecting link between the North and the South 
 of England became more and more apparent, and after 
 various schemes to accomplish this had been suggested, 
 an Act for a line from Evercreech Junction passing 
 through Shepton Mallett, Midsomer Norton, and Rad- 
 stock to Bath, where it effected a junction with the 
 branch of the Midland Railway to that city, was finally 
 obtained, and it was completed and opened for traffic in 
 1874, and the whole undertaking in November, 1875, 
 was leased for a term of J|999 years to the Midland and 
 London and South Western Railway Companies jointly, 
 and since that date has been worked by those companies. 
 
 At the time the Somerset and Dorset was taken over 
 by the Joint Companies, the whole of it was a single
 
 120 
 
 Street-Lore of Bath. 
 
 line, but the connection with the North of England and 
 the Midland counties at Bath and with the West of 
 England at Templecombe, and the very great develop- 
 ment of Bournemouth as a sea- side resort, has necessitated 
 the almost total reconstruction of the main line, with 
 very largely increased station and other accommodation, 
 the supply of working stock of the most modern type, 
 and the gradual conversion of the line between Bath and 
 Templecombe from a single to a double line ; of this, 
 twenty miles are already completed, six more are in pro- 
 gress, and the remainder of the thirty-seven miles will 
 be done in due course. 
 
 The Joint Companies have, since taking to the line, 
 entirely resignalled it, and introduced complete systems of 
 inter-locking of points and signals at all stations in 
 accordance with the latest requirements of the Board of 
 Trade ; all passenger trains are worked with the Auto- 
 matic Vacuum Break, which also complies in the fullest 
 sense with the conditions laid down by the represen- 
 tatives of the Board of Trade, which is the most exten- 
 sively adopted system of continuous break in the United 
 Kingdom. A portion of the single line is worked under 
 the Ticket and Staff system, but the larger part is 
 operated under the Electric Tablet system, which com- 
 bines the Ticket and Staff and the positive block sys- 
 tems, and is the latest and most complete of any of the 
 arrangements for single line working, and a further 
 extension of it will be shortly carried out. 
 
 Raby Place, 1825. [Nos. 17 and 18, which are one 
 storey less than the rest, were built in 1818], 
 
 Races first established at Bath on Claverton Down at 
 irregular intervals, from about 1770 to 1790. 
 
 Race Course on Lansdown 1793. The course was of an 
 elliptical shape, and lay between the site of Beckford's
 
 Street-Lore of Bath. 
 
 121 
 
 Tower and the Western Lane. This was before the 
 macadamized road was made across the down, and the 
 course crossed the site of that road in two places. The 
 stand was a small rough-and-ready structure, of which 
 two small cottages may be seen in the field near the 
 entrance to the old Weston Road, as the only remains 
 of it. The present course was laid out in 1830, the 
 foundation stone of the present stand being laid on the 
 14th February, 1831, and the first meeting took place 
 in June of the same year. 
 
 Raglan Villas, about 1856. 
 
 Railway Place, 1843. 
 
 Railway Street, 1867. 
 
 Regent Terrace, Dolemeads, 1825. 
 
 Relief of the Poor in the Reign of Charles II. Henry 
 Chapman in his " Thermae Redivivae, or Description of 
 the City of Bath " states that at the time he wrote, viz : 
 1673, the yearly rate for the relief of the poor of the 
 three parishes was under 30 per annum, " which," he 
 says, " to some strangers hath (not being acquainted 
 with the custom and method here taken) seemed won- 
 derful ; most people conjecturing the city to be poor, as 
 indeed it cannot vaunt of many notoriously rich ; yet 
 providence with the beneficent munificence of some of 
 our English Monarchs hath sufficiently provided for it 
 thereby; for such care is taken that the wealthier-sort eat 
 their own morsels free from such unfortunate clamours 
 and outcries as are too frequently seen in other places 
 that have a higher celebration for riches, this principally 
 arising (without doubt) from Magisterial care at every 
 Quarter-sale day wherein the poorer sort are not only 
 kindly used (beyond comparison) but are also so tyed up 
 that they cannot squander away their good bargains, but 
 are reserved in case of necessity to their needy families,"
 
 122 
 
 Street-Lore of Bath. 
 
 Richmond Grove, 1790. 
 
 Richmond Hill, 1810. 
 
 Richmond Place, 1825. 
 
 Richmond Place. 1790 earliest. Latest 1826. 
 
 Richmond Terrace, 1827. 
 
 Riding School, 1777 [see old Guides], Ryle's, Monmouth 
 Street. 
 
 Riding School in Montpellier, 1784. Kept by Scrace. 
 
 Riding School in Morford Street, 1787. Kept by Dart. 
 
 Riding School in Morford Street, 1805. Kept by Steven- 
 son. 
 
 Rivers Street, 1775-1786. After Sir Peter Rivers. 
 
 Road from Banks of Canal to Pulteney Road, opened 
 July, 1837. 
 
 Road, Newbridge Hill, 1831. 
 
 Roads [see page 286, 7, 8, 9,]. The ancient roads were 
 Wansdike, .b'osse Road, and Julian. 
 
 As is most fitting we have endeavoured to give a 
 history of the local roads and the gradual development 
 of the means of travelling, and the various methods 
 adopted from time to time as well, the means employed 
 by road and canal by which the traffic of the nation was 
 carried on, until those methods vanished, because inade- 
 quate to meet the vastly increasing demands of modern 
 commerce. Civilization, go far as internal intercommun- 
 ication is concerned, had made little advance during the 
 16th and 17th centuries. In the beginning of the 18th 
 the traveller was dependent upon the post-horse, and 
 the merchant and trader transmitted his goods on the 
 backs of the pack-horse, the mule, and the ass. The 
 conveyance of letters was not only a matter of uncer- 
 tainty, but was a matter also of delay, of cost, and 
 oftentimes of loss and danger to the sender and receiver. 
 The various steps which led to the removal of the
 
 Street-Lore of Bath. 123 
 
 obstacles here described, and to the gradual adoption of 
 measures of improvement, each containing the potential 
 elements of the further advancements recorded, justify 
 the pardonable pride with which we are enabled to point 
 to Bath as the centre in which several great national 
 institutions were begun, out of which sprung the 
 mightiest results of modern times. 
 
 Lansdown Road. In 1700 a narrow pathway about 
 10 ft. wide was the only direct way of approaching such 
 part of Lansdown as was then accessible by this hill. 
 It passed over a part of the open common called the Town 
 Acre, on which now stand Edgar Buildings, Bennett 
 Street, Russell Street, and a part of the site extending 
 to the Julian Road. It led to Beacon Hill on the one 
 side and to what is now Springfield Place on the other. 
 There were two ancient roads leading to Bristol, namely 
 that which passed over the Old Bridge and that which 
 led from the West Gate, the former passing the Globe at 
 Newton, and the latter near Kelston. The ancient road 
 to and over Lansdown was that by Weston, the lane in 
 fact by which a portion of Waller's army retreated, the 
 other portion marching through the path leading from 
 the west side of the down skirting the wood, through 
 the village, and forming a junction near the Lower 
 Common, the whole force entering the West Gate, 
 thence through the North Gate and on to Devizes by 
 the then London Road. The ancient Weston Lane here 
 described was the road by which the Princess Anne, and 
 then as Queen Anne, came to the city, on the occasion 
 of both her visits, with no little peril. In 1706 this 
 road was repaired by subscription. 
 
 All road-making (locally, at any rate) was voluntary 
 until 1707. In that year, 1721, and 1739, three several 
 Acts were obtained, under the authority of which roads
 
 124 
 
 Street-Lore of Bath. 
 
 were widened, repaired, extended, and as far as possible, 
 made passable. The work was done by the authority of 
 Commissioners appointed under those Acts, meeting in 
 Bath, and under the direction of special surveyors. The 
 roads thus brought under the authority of the Commis- 
 sioners were the London Road from its junction on the 
 top of Kingsdown ; the Bristol Road to the junction at 
 The Globe ; l the Bristol Road from Combe Brook, near 
 Kelston; the Gloucester Road from the top of Lansdown; 2 
 the Bradford Road from New Bridge over Combe Brook ; 
 the [Old] Warminster Road from Entry Hill ; and the 
 (Fosse) Wells Road (that part now called Bloomfield 
 Road) from Dunkerton to Bath. 
 
 The City of Bath was represented by one member on 
 the Commission of six from the counties of Wilts, 
 Somerset, and Gloucester. At first the roads were 
 maintained exclusively by rating, but under an Act of 
 1742, toll gates were set up, the places mentioned above 
 representing the limitations of the boundaries under the 
 jurisdiction of Bath. Surveyors were appointed who 
 were authorized to obtain materials from the lands of 
 private persons, or even to dig gravel and stone on the 
 lands of such persons, subject to such compensation as. 
 the Commissioners might award to them. From this the 
 character of the roads may be conceived. The wheels of 
 every vehicle were regulated by Act of Parliament, and 
 the toll was in proportion to the width of the wheels, 
 the wider up to a fixed maximum the less the toll, and 
 the narrower down to a limited minimum the higher the 
 toll. With little improvement this state of things 
 continued until the first decade of this century. 
 
 1 The Globe at Newton was then a well-known hostelry. 
 
 2 Via Weston.
 
 Street-Lore of Bath. 125 
 
 The Scotch roads 1 were, from the time of Marshal Wade 
 and the '45, in a better condition than the English ; 
 and, as a matter of fact, until Sir John London Macadam, 
 who invented the system called after his name, was 
 appointed surveyor-general of all the main metropolitan 
 turnpike roads throughout the country, in 1827, no 
 first-class high roads existed. 
 
 In 1805 a great change was made in many important 
 roads. In Walcot Street there was a brewery called 
 Racey's Brewery, from which the London Road passed 
 through Walcot, Swainswick, Batheaston and Bathford, 
 to the shire-stones there set "as a mark on Kingsdown, 
 where that district of the Bath Road was to end. At 
 the same time the road from the top of Broad Street 
 was widened and improved and " made to communicate " 
 with the above at " the northward end " of Walcot 
 Churchyard, and to be called also the London Road. 
 The road also from Batheaston Bridge to Colerne was 
 made. In the same year the road leading from the top 
 of Broad Street was made to the Monument on Lans- 
 down, 2 and called the Lansdown Road ; and from 
 
 1 In 1757 Armstrong published his County Atlas of Scotland, and in the same 
 year Cary issued one for England. In most cases the cross-roads in the former 
 appear to be more complete than those in England, except in Middlesex and 
 Somersetshire. In the latter part of the 17th century, " the highways in Scot- 
 land were tolerably good, which is the greatest comfort a traveller meets with 
 amongst them ; they have not inns, but change houses (as they call them,) poor 
 small cottages, where you must be content to take what you find, perhaps eggs 
 with chicks in them, and some lang cale ; at the better sort of them a dish of 
 chard chicken, which they esteem a dainty dish, etc."arfy Travellers in 
 Scotland, edited by Dr. Hume Brown, 1891. 
 
 2 Under the Act of 1721 a gate was erected at the top of Belvedere, at the 
 junction of the entrance to Morford Street. It seems probable that the small 
 lodge at the end of Oamden Crescent was the gate-house, although some 
 persons are of opinion that it was " the Old Farm House." 
 
 In Thorpe's map of 1742 a narrow road from the Guildhall is shown as ex- 
 tending for one mile towards Lansdown, i.e. exactly to the road leading to 
 Charlcombe, just beyond the College for Officers' Daughters : after that there 
 is only a foot track. This is a valuable parish map, and of great rarity.
 
 126 
 
 Street-Lore of Bath. 
 
 thence to the Cross Roads at Wick and called the 
 Wick and Abson Roads. At the same time the Kel- 
 ston road from the end of Monmouth Street was made, 
 and then as now called the Upper Bristol Road ; a 
 junction from the road near Newton Bridge was formed, 
 and this is what is called the Lower Bristol Road. 1 The 
 road from the Old Bridge also was continued to The 
 Globe at Newton, and at the same time the Upper 
 Wells iRoad was made. A part also of this vast plan 
 was '^the*; road from Newton to Rush Hill, called the 
 Lower Wells Road. The Fosse Road was to be deemed 
 a part of the said*Upper Wells ^Road. The road we 
 now call Entry Hill was made and connected with the 
 Combe Down Road which was designated the New 
 Warminster and Frome Road. Thus the road from 
 the top of Entry Hill originally Antony Hill) to the 
 road leading to Bradford was called the Combe Down 
 Road. The road up Widcombe]Hill, then called Claver- 
 ton Hill, and that which leads to Combe Hill, leading 
 to Claverton and Monkton Combe, were called Claverton 
 and Combe Hill Roads. 
 
 The Act under which the roads here described (50 
 Geo. III.) was repealed in 1829, and under the Act then 
 passed (10 Geo. IV.) those roads for the most part were 
 widened, extended, and macadamized, under the ex- 
 tended powers given to the new trustees. The Lansdown 
 Road was then widened in many parts, and for nearly 
 all practical purposes of public traffic superseded the 
 ancient road through Weston. From Locksbrook, the lane, 
 then little more than a narrow path, called Lime-Kiln 
 Road, connecting the Lower and the Upper Bristol 
 Roads, was widened and made what it now is. The 
 
 1 The junction at Weaton Lea through the village was made in 1857. This 
 practically is a junction with the old historic road from the village to Lansdown.
 
 Street-Lore of Bath. 127 
 
 junction road from Marksbury to Farmborough was 
 effected, and that again continued to High Littleton. 
 It was found, moreover, that the road over Kingsdown 
 was so dangerously steep that the junction from the 
 Skockerwick Bridge was made, which connected the road 
 with the village and the Melksham Road. Under this 
 enactment, indeed the whole of the work carried out in 
 1805, was "amended, widened, diverted, extended, im- 
 proved, and kept in repair," Further, the county was 
 divided into three districts, the third, either then or 
 shortly after, being placed under the charge of the late 
 William Macadam. 1 
 
 1 " Wm. McAdam, late of Victoria Park Cottage, in the City of Bath, Esq., 
 in his Will, described as of Ballochmorria, in the County of Ayr in Scotland, 
 died 28 August, 1861 His aunt Miss Georgina Keith McAdam was his sole 
 executrix." W. Macadam, was, we believe.the nephew, certainly a near relative 
 of Sir John Loudon Macadam, the inventor of the system known by his name. 
 Sir John was appointed Surveyor General of the Bristol district in 1815, and it 
 was from this time that he gradually carried out the system over which he had 
 long pondered and over which he expended his private fortune. This was re- 
 paid to him in addition to a parliamentary grant of 2000. In 1827, Sir John 
 was appointed Surveyor-General of the Metropolitan roads, a post he held until 
 his death in 1S36. This system was to form a bed of fragments of stone-granite, 
 whinstone, or basalt, none of which should be too large to pass through an iron 
 ring 2J inches in diameter. This structure was from 6 to 12 inches in thickness; " 
 the inherent defects of his system was the working up of the subjacent materials 
 into the macadam bed, and the friction of the surface stones with carriages 
 until beaten down, The first objection was overcome by Telford, who suggested 
 the substructure as a basis for the bed of small stones. The second is met in 
 a great measure by the system of passing heavy rollers over the bed of macad- 
 amized fragments. 
 
 In 1728 was re-published John Ogilby's Survey of England, Ac., origin- 
 ally published in 1674, bringing it down to date, and it is curious to note 
 how little progress or improvement had been made in that time. Pack-horses 
 were chiefly employed, and it is curious to observe that the churches on the 
 way were the landmarks to guide the traveller. After reaching Chippenham 
 by minute directions, and leaving thence, he is to bear to the left, by Cosham 
 Church, at 98'3 enter Pickwith-V. of 2 T. Then over an Hill of 3 F. by 
 Haselbury House on the right, and Chapel of Plaistow on the left, cross a 
 Valley ; leave Box Church on the right ; and descend a Hill of 4 P. to 
 Somersetshire at 104'0. Thence through Bathford V. cross Avonflii., over a 
 Stone Bridge to Boneaston, alias Baneston V. at 105'4, and leave Bathampton 
 Church on the left. Hence at 107'4 through Wallcot-V. 3 P. farther come to 
 BATH on Avon-_flu. t and so on to Wells, and all this was done on a beaten 
 pathway.
 
 128 Street-Lore of Bath. 
 
 For Fosse Road, sen Walcot Street. 
 
 Via Julia, see Brunswick Place. 
 
 Wansdike [see Bath, Old and New, 271 to 275]. 
 It may be well to suggest to any ardent antiquary 
 that a visit to Englishcombe will not fail to afford him very 
 great gratification. The fi?ld in which the fragment of 
 the Wansdike appears is close to the Manor House occupied 
 by Mr. Corner, one of the most courteous of gentlemen, 
 who will on all occasions facilitate access to this interesting 
 relic of the long past. 
 
 Bathwick, New Warminster Eoad, Barnard 
 Villas Road, see Bathwick Hill. 
 
 Wells Road (New) to junction of Bloomfield 
 Road [Fosse] 1825. 
 
 Widcombe HiU Road, 1835. 
 
 Rock House, 1786. Built for the Hon. Mrs. Hamilton. 
 Royal Victoria Park, 1832, Oct. 23rd, by Princess Victoria. 
 Russell Street, 1775. Called so after an apothecary of 
 
 that name, who had a botanical garden on the site. 
 
 The name was spelled with one 1, but the second is 
 
 now commonly used. Bennet Street in the same way 
 
 has a second t. 
 
 In 1784 Bowles published his Post Chaise Companion, in which he delineates 
 the two Roads, that by Chippenham and that by Devizes, the former being 
 much on Ogilby's lines. 
 
 The public amusements in Bath, i.e. out-door amusements, in the early 
 part of the last century, Wood tells us, and he is confirmed by others, 
 " consisted, for the most part, in bowling and walking in the summer evenings ; 
 people in those days seldom coming to the city but in the summer time when 
 the roads were dry and passable, for they were, in effect, impassable in the wet 
 seasons of the year." Up to this time Bath_was almost altogether a summer 
 place.
 
 Street-Lore of Bath. 129 
 
 SAVILLE Kow, 1786. 
 Sawclose [see Gascoyn Place]. 
 
 Schools, Weymouth House, first Stone Oct. 16th, 1816, 
 completed Sept. 9th, 1817. 1 Lowder, to whom plate 
 presented Nov. 26th, 1817. [Sir J. C. Hippesley, Bart., 
 acted as the Bishop's proxy]. Sunday Schools were 
 established in 1755. 
 
 Sedan Chairs. Sir Sanders Buncombe introduced the 
 Sedan Chair into England from Naples in 1634. Bath 
 being the first place in which it was used. Previous to 
 that date a Bath Chair of a ruder and less luxurious 
 type was used, having a flat top, wood panelled sides, 
 and no lining. The Buncombe Chair was a great im- 
 provement upon that, but the typical Bath Sedan Chair, 
 which was commonly used down to our own day 2 was a 
 very luxurious contrivance, and was first used in the 
 time of Geo. II. This was constructed with wood frame, 
 glass panels, oval shaped movable top. The earlier chair 
 was made with fixed handles, was narrower and ruder 
 in form. The Duncombe and later Bath forms were 
 made with the square or round iron loops to admit the 
 poles which being made of elastic or springy wood acted 
 like springs. In th early part of the last century 
 down in fact to about the close of the Woods' time (1780 
 and rather later) the Sedan Chair was the only means 
 employed for conveying both ladies and gentlemen to 
 public and private parties and entertainments. In Lon- 
 don these chairs were preceded by link-boys, but in 
 Bath by a kind of lamp carried by private servants or 
 watchmen 3 [see Wheel- CJiairs]. 
 
 1 Abbey Vestry, voted 5 Guineas, paid July 3rd, 1817. 
 
 2 Only occasionally used now for great invalids in connection with the Baths 
 and private purposes. 
 
 3 At convenient intervals extinguishers were placed in the walls for the link- 
 boys' use in putting out the lights. 
 
 9
 
 130 
 
 Street-Lore of Bath. 
 
 Seymour Street, between 1792-5. 
 
 Sham Castle, 1762. R. Jones, Clerk of the Works to 
 
 Ralph Allen. [See Widcombe House]. 
 Simpson's Rooms, Bath Chronicle, Dec. 17th, 1771. 
 
 Jan. 16th, 1772 [see Assembly Rooms']. 
 Sion Hill, 1840. 1 
 Sion Place, Bath wick, 1826. 
 Sion Place, 1 Sion Hill. Doric House and Sion House first 
 
 houses near that site, 1805. 
 Slippery Lane, formerly Boatstall Lane, Northgate Street. 
 
 The buildings in it were formerly divided into fifteen 
 
 houses. 
 
 Somerset Buildings, Milsom Street, about 1756. 
 Somerset Place, 1793. Originally called Spackman's 
 
 Buildings. 
 
 Somerset Street [formerly Garrard Street], 1726. 
 Southborne Gardens. 
 Southcot Place, 1817. 
 Southgate Street. Houses built in 1826. [See Horse 
 
 Street.] 
 
 Southville Terrace, ) T , , T . ___. 
 
 Lyncombe Vale, 1884-5. 
 Sunny Bank, 
 
 Sowter Street [see Cheap Street]. 
 
 Springfield Place, 1817. 
 
 Spring Gardens, about 1770 [seepages 197-8-9]. 
 
 Springs, Cold Mineral. 2 
 
 1 A part of the estate called "Great Crannells" (Cairn Wells) see Suntmerhill. 
 
 2 From the time of Guidott cold mineral springs have been discovered, all 
 of which have disappeared, some, no doubt, by some sudden action of nature, 
 others through careless excavations and general disregard of those in whom 
 they were vested. In the last century, from about 1730 up to 1780 or later, the 
 spring at ST. WINIFRED'S was visited by many people, some women with 
 superstitious hopes of maternity, and others who derived much benefit 
 from its use. The waters were of a hard brackish nature, and were usually 
 taken with a little sugar. Then there was the LARK HALL SPA, which 
 sprang up in two places on the banks of Mud Brook, and as suddenly dis- 
 appeared. A second time, in 1833, the lower one re-appeared, and a Spa House
 
 Street-Lore of Bath. 131 
 
 Stall Street, time immemorial, widened 1805 under Act of 
 1790. 
 
 Stanhope (Great) Street, 1771 to 1790. 
 
 Stanley Eoad is depicted first in Map of 1810. 
 
 Stanley Place. 
 
 Stanley Villas. 
 
 Station Road from the corner of Manvers Place to G.W.S. 
 made by that Company, to the station contemporaneously 
 with the railway. 
 
 St. Andrew's Church, Julian Koad [Sir Gilbert Scott], 
 Begun 1870, completed 1873. Tower, 240 feet high, 
 added in 1879. Cost 26,000. A melodious peal of 
 eight bells. The status of the Church is that of a 
 Chapel-of-ease to St. Swithin's, and it superseded 
 Margaret's Chapel. 
 
 Inscriptions on the Bells. 
 1. " Sursum x Corda." 
 2. " Domin' x in Templo." 
 
 was built for its protection and public use, but once more it disappeared. 
 The history of this Spa was written by the late Conway Edwards in 1837. 
 The room is used by the Rector of Swainswick as a Schoolroom. Then there 
 was the ancient spring of CABN WELL in Walcot Street: which was 
 protected by an Alcove on the side of the road, the course of which then 
 passed over Cornwall Buildings [see Cornwall Buildings], This spring was 
 used largely for ages. Whether it mysteriously disappeared, or was ruthlessly 
 destroyed, and the waters thereof turned into the river through a sewer, will 
 never now be known. A. similar spa was discovered at Bathford, over which 
 Wood the elder built an exquisite little pavilion in 1746. There was and is a 
 spring at SHOCKBRWICK, and another at BOX, called PROG'S WELL, of 
 which Guidott gives an account. Again there was the LYNCOMBE SPA, 
 which was discovered in 1787 by a Mr. Charles Milsom, a cooper, father ol 
 the Mr. Charles Milsom, after whom Milsom Street is called. This Mr. Milsom, 
 with others, rented a fish-pond, in the repairing of the leaks of which he 
 came upon a mysterious piece of hollow ground, 6 ft. by 3 ft., in examining this 
 he found it to consist of a thick glutinous substance, the colour of ochre, and 
 having a sulphurous odour. On removing the scum a spring of a highly 
 charged mineral character bubbled up. A Dr. Hillary began to use the 
 spring, built the Spa House (Lyncombe House), played some eccentric pranks, 
 and the waters to be avenged upon the doctor, adopted the ordinary eccen- 
 tricity of the Larkhall one, and quietly took their departure. [See articles, 
 Cran-wells, St. Winifreds, and Summerhill.]
 
 132 Street-Lore of Bath. 
 
 3. " Venite x Adorem' e,don. A. T. Everard." 
 
 4. "Venite x Exultem' e,don. A. T. Everard." 
 
 5. " Exiv < it s5n' x in memia T. H. et E. C. King. la. 
 
 diu in Xto dormient e.don.unici.eor.nep. h. b. x." 
 6. " Laetetur x Israhel." 
 7. " Affer x te don." 
 
 8. " Attendite x Popule," " Ecclie. Sci x Andree " ap. BathSn." 
 St. Andrew's Terrace, 1775. 
 
 St. Catherine's Hospital or the Black Alms. Founded by 
 Edward VI., in 1552, and formerly occupied a site in 
 Binburie or Bymberry Lane. In 1825, when the 
 Royal United Hospital was erected, the site was required 
 and the old and mean building was demolished, and the 
 present comfortable structure built in its stead just 
 within the piazza in Bath Street. Portions of the old 
 Binburie Walls are still in situ. [See Author's History 
 of tlie Hospital of St. John Baptist], 
 St. James's Church, 1 rebuilt 1729. New Tower, 1826. 
 Organ, 1828. June 28th, 1847, closed for enlarging, 
 and building new cupola, re-opened May 30th, 1848, by 
 the Rector of Bath, Rev. W. J. Brodrick (afterwards 
 Viscount Midleton). Palmer. Altar Piece "Christ in 
 the Garden of Gethsemane," painted by Williams, placed 
 there April 10th, 1802. Date of Register 1569. There 
 are eight bells, 2 of musical quality, which were in the 
 
 1 The marginal illustration in Gilmore of the north side of the earliest 
 Church, 8. James.' It appears to have been a simple edifice with nave covered 
 with lead, probably of four bays north porch, chancel, and south-west square 
 machicolated tower. The nave and tower appear to have been built in the 
 perpendicular period but the chancel indicates earlier work. The smaller 
 drawing of this Church on the plan shews the Chancel to have been lighted by 
 a five-light decorated window, and there seems to be a south aisle to the Church, 
 also lighted by a five-light window. 
 
 2 Philip Thicknesse in the curious production of his, " The New Prose Bath 
 Guide for the Year l^^S" says " the rage among the Churchwardens in this 
 city, for Bells, is so great, that they mortgaged the Profits arising from the 
 Pew-Letting of St. Michael's, in order to purchase two additional Bells ; and 
 when St. James's Church was re-built about Fifty Years ago, Mr. Harrison, 
 the Proprietor of the Lower Rooms, offered to give Two Hundred Pounds 
 towards a new Organ, if they would suppress the Bells, which was refused" 
 and very rightly.
 
 Street-Lore of Bath. 133 
 
 tower of the old Church. The following are the inscrip- 
 tions on them : 
 
 1. ' Peace and good neighbourhood, 1729." 
 2. ' Prosperity to the city of Bath, 1729." 
 3. ' Prosperity to the Church of England, 1729." 
 4. ' Abraham Rudhall, of Gloucester, cast us all, 1729." 
 5. ' This Church and Tower was new built, and the bells all new 
 
 cast, at the expense of the parish, 1729." 
 
 6. ' Thomas Fry and Nathaniel Clement, Churchwardens, 1729." 
 7. ' William Hunt, D.D., Archdeacon and Rector of Bath, 1729." 
 8. ' I to the church the living call, and to the grave do summon 
 all, A. R., 1729." 
 
 St. James Parade, 1760. 
 
 St. James's Parade, formerly Thomas Street, 1775. 
 
 St. James's Square. 1 Plans drawn by Palmer in 1790. 
 Finished 1793. [Minor streets near immediately after]. 
 
 St. John's Court, on the west side of Gascoyn Place, built 
 by Thomas Greenway, 1720. The first house was the 
 ornate mansion, now known as the Garrick's Head, for 
 a time the residence of Beau Nash, until he removed 
 to the next house, in which he died. The site of the 
 Court was outside the City Walls, and was the " town 
 mixen " or dust and dung heap, for a century. 
 
 St. Luke's Church. 
 
 St. Mark's Place. 
 
 St. Mark's Church, consecrated April 27th, 1832. Foun- 
 dation Stone laid April 16th, 1830 [see Mainwaring, 
 p. 385]. 
 
 St. Mary Magdalen, on the west side of Holloway, or the 
 Fosse Way, is, excepting the Abbey, the oldest existing 
 ecclesiastical foundation in the city. It was attached 
 to the Abbey in the reign of Henry I., being the gift of 
 Walter Hosate. The present structure was rebuilt by 
 Prior Cantlow in 1495. In 1837, it was restored upon 
 
 1 In the centre there was a considerable mansion, the property and residence, 
 for a time, of the Poet Anstey, which was pulled down when the Square was 
 erected
 
 134 
 
 Street-Lore of Bath. 
 
 the old lines, and from that time has been regularly 
 used for Divine Worship. Leland notices the chapel ns 
 he entered Bath about 1536 : "I came down a rockky 
 hill, full of faire springs of water, and on this hill is 
 set a faire street, as a suburbe to the city, and in this 
 street is a chapel of St. Mary Magdalen." 
 
 St. Mary's Buildings. 
 
 St. Mary the Virgin [see Bathwicti]. 
 
 St. Matthew's Church, Widcombe. Foundation Stone 
 laid April 17th, 1846, consecrated July 27th, 1847. On 
 the 22nd April, 1847, it was announced that the Bells, 
 which had for centuries been in the Tower of the old 
 Church of St. Thomas a Beckett, were to be removed 
 to St. Matthew's, which was really carried into eifect. 
 This was a most shameful act of spoliation. [Page 112.] 
 
 Inscriptions and Diameters of the Bells. 
 1. " Peace and good neighbourhood, A. R. 1719." 
 2 "John Bigges. John Clements, Churchwardens. 1658. 
 
 N.B. R. P." ... 
 
 3. " Re-cast by Lewellins and James, Bristol, 1877." 
 4. "praise t gc ilje ftorfj." 
 5. " C. and G. Mears, Founders, London. 1847." 
 6. "John : Pitcher : John : Smith. Ch : Wardens : 
 
 John Pinkar : Thomas : Parsons : overseers 1719." 41 
 
 These bells were removed from the Old Widcombe Church (St. 
 Thomas a Becket) when the tower of St. Matthew's was completed. 
 
 Second bell, " R. P." doubtless stands for Roger Purdue, noted 
 bell-founder, 16131663. 
 
 Third bell before it was re-cast had "James Wells, Aldbourne, 
 Wilts, fecit 1802." The Wells were bell-founders from 17641825. 
 
 Fifth bell, C. and G. Mears were founders at Whitechapel from 
 1844 1858, where there has been a foundry since 1600. 
 St. Michael's Place, Leases dated 18 II. 1 
 
 1 St. Michael's Place, Bath Street. This retains the ancient name from the 
 Chapel of St. Michael, intra nturos which occupied the site of the house, once 
 the office of The Bath Herald. The Chapel was annexed to, though not exclu- 
 sively used by, the Hospital of St John Baptist. The Churchyard in 1600 was 
 
 30 
 
 30^ 
 33 
 34 
 37
 
 Street-Lore of Bath. 135 
 
 St. Michael's Church [second], closed March 15th, 1835, 
 and demolished. Harvey. 
 
 St. Michael's Church 1 [present], Foundation Stone laid 
 April 21st, 1835. Manners. Among the marginal 
 sketches of the chief of the old buildings drawn round 
 Gilmore's map illustrating Bath, in 1694, there 
 is a curious sketch of the south side of St. Michael's 
 Church, known as St. Michael's extra muros, shewing 
 that it then was a simple little edifice, having nave 
 covered with tiles, chancel with a priest's door. South 
 transept, south porch, and a square machicolated tower 
 on the north west side of the nave. The nave, transept 
 and tower appear to be of a later date than the chancel, 
 the former probably belonging to the perpendicular and 
 even later, as to the latter of a late decorated period. 
 Indeed the transept seems to be a half timbor-anl- 
 plaster projection, with a three-light square window, a 
 similar two-light over it, and the usual sun dial in the 
 apex of the gable. The small three-light window in a 
 gable on the east of the transept would suggest the 
 preacher's window of this late period. It is curious to 
 compare this drawing with the reduced copy of it on the 
 general plan above it, for there the Church is represented 
 to be one of nave, aisle, and square tower on the east 
 side, with the porch probably on the west side. The 
 small south porch led into a churchyard which encom- 
 passed the south side, a low wall surrounding the whole 
 edifice. In the centre of the wall, opposite the north 
 
 1 Formerly an integral part of the Abbey Rectory. Separated from it in 
 April, 1843, ami constituted an independent Rectory. 
 
 first desecrated and treated with utter disrespect, until it became a mere play- 
 ground. In 1616 the chapel began to suffer from neglect, and by the year 1660 
 all pretence of treating it or using it as a sacred building ceased. The building 
 then was used as a post office, then as a public house, and then for any and 
 every base purpose. 
 
 [See History of Hospital of St. John Baptist, by the author, p. j>j].
 
 136 
 
 Street-Lore of Bath. 
 
 gate was an opening into a path which led to the south 
 porch. The churchyard was done away with in the early 
 part of the 1 7th century, and the site of the old rectory 
 in Walcot Street substituted. The churchwardens' 
 Accounts date from 1349, and throughout there is 
 more or less mention of the Church. The Church 
 however here referred to does not afford evidence of 
 so early a date, and therefore it must have been preceded 
 by one much earlier. There was a very ancient church- 
 yard on the site of a portion of the old bowling green, 
 in Green Street; and here also the Church would have 
 been Church and churchyard being seldom or never 
 separated in early times. The Register begins 1459. 
 
 Inscriptions and Diameters of the Bells. 
 
 Dtam. 
 
 1. ' When you us ring we'll sweetly sing, A. R., 1757 " 29^ 
 
 2. ' Hark to our melody, A. R., 1757 " ... ... 30 
 
 3. ' Fear God, honour the King, A. R., 1757 " ... 32 
 
 4. ' Peace and good neighbourhood, A. R., 1757 " ... 33 
 
 5. ' Prosperity to our benefactors, A. R., 1757 " ... 36 
 
 6._ ' We were all cast at Gloucester by Abel Rudhall, 1757 " 37^ 
 7. 'John Flower and John Perry, Churchwardens, A. R., 
 
 1757" ... ... ... ... 41 
 
 8. " I to the Church the living call and to the grave do 
 
 summon all, 1759 " ... ... ... 46 
 
 St. Michael's Burial Ground, Consecrated, 1805. [On this 
 
 site stood the old Rectory of St. Michael's in the reign 
 
 of Queen Elizabeth]. 
 St. Paul's Church, (Willcox), 1873, stands near the site of 
 
 St. Mary's Chapel, built by Wood, style Early English. 
 
 Ecclesiastical Parish carved out of the Parishes of 
 
 Trinity and St. James. 
 St. Saviour's Church, Walcot. Foundation Stone laid 
 
 April 2nd, 1829, consecrated April 28th, 1832 An 
 
 independent ecclesiastical parish [Rectory].
 
 Street-Lore o/ Bath. 
 
 137 
 
 This church possesses a very pretty peal of eight bells, the tenor 
 being in the key of E flat and weighing 19| cwt. They were given 
 to the church by William Hooper, Esq., of East Hayes, in 1830. 
 The peal was cast by J. Rudhall, one of the celebrated Gloucester- 
 shire family of bell-founders of that name, and hung by Richard 
 and Moses Cole, of Pucklechurch, as is seen from the brass plate 
 in the bell -chamber. 
 
 The tenor bears the following inscription : 
 
 " This peal of eight bells was the gift of Wm. Hooper, Esq., of 
 this parish, and was placed here A.D., 1830." 
 
 " Chas. Abel Moysey, Rector, Chas. Geary and Danl. Howe, 
 Churchwardens, of Walcot, John Pinch, Architect, J. 
 
 The other seven bells bear the inscription : " J. 
 1830." 
 
 Diameters of the Bells 
 
 \. 
 
 2. 
 
 Diam. 
 28 
 29 
 30^ 
 33 
 35 
 38 
 41 
 45 
 
 St. Saviour's Terrace. Eight houses, facing Saint Saviour's 
 Road. Begun in 1888. Builder and first occupier, Mi. 
 G. Powney. 
 
 St. Stephen's Church 1 [gee page 103.] 1846. Independent 
 ecclesiastical parish [Rectory]. 
 
 St. Stephen's Place, 1840. 
 
 St. Thomas a Beckett Church, Widcombe, 1502. Built 
 by Bishop Oliver King. This is the " Mother Church " 
 of all the Churches in Lyncombe and Widcombe. It 
 is called commonly Old Widcombe Church, and for 
 more than three centuries was the only Church in this 
 large parish, containing 1 846 acres. It is a venerable 
 structure, with an ivy-covered tower, and is well pre- 
 served. The road only separates it from the beautiful 
 little mansion built by Inigo Jones, for one of the 
 Chapmans, and these form a group at the bottom of 
 
 1 Tower Completed July, 1847.
 
 138 Street-Lore of Bath. 
 
 the sloping grounds of Prior Park, of singular pic- 
 turesqueness [see St. Matthew's], Date of Register 1570. 
 St. Winifred's. The residence of the Rev. Philip Edward 
 George. In 1699 the site of this mansion was called 
 the Barn Piece, and formed a portion of the Crannells 
 Estate, of 21 acres, and was the property of a lady, 
 Mrs. Elizabeth Skrine, of Walcot. In 1703 the pro- 
 perty was acquired by W. Sumption, who in 1731 
 mortgaged it to Thomas Peckton, butcher, of Weston, 
 subject to conditions of redemption, which conditions 
 being duly observed by the former (a carpenter at 
 Weston), the property again recurred to him, to be 
 again mortgaged to R. Colibee, of Bath, in 1733 and 
 1734, and to secure the payment to Colibee another 
 deed was executed on "the Barn Piece, with Barn 
 thereon" (about 4 acres) in 1736. * In 1740 another deed 
 followed, and then the estate passed into the possession 
 of one, Ellington, who by his will directs that his lands 
 "Chalk Furlong," "Winifred's Well," and "Little 
 Crannells" [see Summerhill] shall be sold. In 1753 
 there is the first mention of a house, and this was the 
 period when the "well" became famous [referring purely 
 to modern times], and was visited in large numbers, 
 especially by women, down to 1780, in which year the 
 property was bought by James Ormond, Esq., who, in 
 1803, built the house, stables, coach-house, etc. In 
 1804 Ormond sold the property to W. Price, builder, 
 in trust for Richard Else, and in 1806 to Benjamin 
 Brown. In 1824 it was sold to Rev. Harvey Marriott, 
 who, having made great additions to the house, sold it 
 
 1 Colibee was a mean "money-grubber" who had amassed great wealth. 
 He was so penurious that he was known as " Old Death." At this time (1734) 
 he requested Wood to prepare plans for a house on this estate, at the same time 
 proposing to employ his own builder, but Wood refused. The carpenter here 
 referred to no doubt being the proposed objectionable builder.
 
 Street-Lore of Bath. 139 
 
 in 1830 to the Rev. W. Hutchins. In 1844 the Rev. 
 G. T. Smith purchased the estate, in whose possession 
 it continued until 1881, when it passed into possession 
 of the present owner and occupier, the Rev. Philip 
 Edward George, M.A. 
 
 St. Swithin's Church [see Walcot]. 
 
 Summerhill. Residence of Sir R. S. Blaine In the 
 early part of the century Dr. Caleb Hillier Parry, 1 who 
 had practiced with success in the city, purchased a 
 plot of land, about 1 1 acres in extent, on which a small 
 house stood. This small estate was called "Gr-at 
 Crannells." In or about 1808 Dr. Parry enlarged this 
 house, and called it Summerhill House. Dr. Parry 
 afterwards acquired other plots of land, so that, all told, 
 it amounted to 30 acres. Here he bred the famous 
 flock of merino sheep, which led to the improvement of 
 the breed of sheep throughout the kingdom. A small 
 plot above "Great Crannells," adjoining the prirish of 
 Charlcombe, is called "Little Crannells." In 1868 the 
 estate and house were bought by R. S Blaine, Esq., 
 one of the representatives of the city from 1885 to 
 1 886 This gentleman, upon whom the honour of 
 Knighthood has been conferred, has extended the borders 
 of the estate, and considerably enlarged the mansion, 
 which for brevity's sake he calls SummerJiill. There 
 seems little doubt that St. Winifred's [see St. Winifred's 
 and note to " Springs, Gold "] and the site of Sion Place 
 formed a part of the Great Crannells Estate. The site 
 is one of great beauty, nestling under the brow of 
 Lansdown, and commanding one of the most picturesque 
 and dignified prospects around the city. 
 
 "The distance lends enchantment to the view, 
 And robes the mountain in its azure hue." 
 
 1 One of Dr. Parry's sons was the famous navigator, Sir E. Parry, another 
 was Dr. Charles Henry Parry, and his son was the late Bishop of Dover [see 
 Rambles about Bath, pp. 215-16].
 
 140 
 
 Street- Lore of Bath. 
 
 Swallow Street is now a mews or little more. Formerly 
 i.e., before 1755, it was an important street. It took 
 the name which it still retains from William Swallow, 
 a wealthy tallow chandler. Attempts were frequently 
 made during the last century to find new thermal 
 springs, and Swallow, from certain indications, thought 
 he had discovered one. On digging to a considerable 
 depth his further progress was stopped by a mill stone, 
 and he gave up the attempt. This, most probably, was 
 the site of a mill, the wheel of which was driven by the 
 waste water from the King's Bath. 
 
 Sydney Buildings, 1821-32. 
 
 Sydney Gardens, 1795. Harcourt Masters. First Stone 
 of House Nov. 15th, 1796. 
 
 Sydney Place, New, 1808. 1 Arms of the " Vanes" on the 
 pediment of No. 98. 
 
 Sydney Place, Old, between 1792-5. 
 
 T1AXE3 in Bath, Rated: Edw. Conf., 2 per annum. 
 Henry III., 50. Edward III., 13 6s. 8d. 
 Tennis Court stood on site of 2, Abbey Street, from 
 1610 until 1692. The more ancient court was in the 
 Churchyard, over the Eoman Bath, and on the site of 
 John de Villula's Palace. 
 Terrace Walks, 1808. 
 
 Theatre, Beaufort Square 1805. Architects, Dance and 
 John Palmer. 2 Burnt down Good Friday, 1862, and 
 
 1 The original plan contemplated the intersection of the New Sydney Place 
 in the centre, by a street to be called Henry Street which was to extend behind 
 the site of the present church, and some distance up the hill and this meant 
 that the road would have been made more eastward. At the top of Sydney Place 
 another street was contemplated, to be called Heydon Street, and from the 
 top of Sydney Gardens " Upper Great Pulteney Street" was to have been 
 erected on the site of Hampton Boad. A street also, Tourvelle Street, almost 
 on the lines of Darlington Street, was a part of the plan. These and other 
 enterprises were not carried out, owing to the death of Masters. 
 
 2 Opened Oct. 12th. Richard II f. and Poor Soldier were the Plays performed.
 
 Street-Lore of Bath. 
 
 141 
 
 re-built same year. Architect, G. J. Phipps, F.S.A. 
 The earliest record we have of the modern drama is 
 in 1700, a stable near the Abbey Gate being used for 
 the purpose. In 1705 the basement floor under the 
 first Assembly Rooms (site of Roy. Lit. Inst.) was de- 
 signed as a theatre, the walls bearing the arms of persons 
 of rank, done at their own cost. This served until 1747, 
 when Hippisley and Watts projected the Orchard Street 
 scheme ; the former dying, it was ultimately carried into 
 effect by John Palmer. [See Assembly Rooms,] 
 
 Thomas Street was biiilt by Thomas Cottle, a shoemaker, 
 who called it after his name. The Chapel in it was 
 called Thomas Street Chapel. When the Rev. Peter 
 Hall was appointed to it about 1848, he called the 
 Chapel St. Thomas's Chapel. Without intending it, he 
 canonized the shoemaker. 
 
 Town Council, after M.C.R. Act, First met Jan. 1st, 1836. 
 
 Trim Street, 1707. 1 
 
 Trinity Church, Mar. 24th, 1819. 2 [Delay April 7 & 21]. 
 Ground cleared May 5th. Consecrated Dec. 10th, 1822. 
 
 1 The street takes its name from a very estimable citizen, Mr. George Trim, 
 whose mother was a near relation of Inigo Jones. The street was the very 
 earliest built outside the city walls. For many years the Corporation, almost 
 omnipotent in all such matters, resisted all attempts to extend the city beyond 
 the walls. Trim was a clothier and a member of the body, and, having wealth 
 and influence, lie carried out his project, an example followed by others, and 
 ultimately by Wood. The arch known as Trim Bridge, originally spanned 
 the inequality of the level between Spurrier's Lane, Barton Street, and Trim 
 Street. A century ago these inequalities were removed, some small houses 
 pulled down, and such alterations made as rendered the bridge unnecessary. 
 
 2 The daughters, nephews, and nieces of the late Mr. James Lowder, of 
 Chapel-house, the architect of the Church at its erection in 1822, have pre- 
 sented a new oak altar. The front is divided into three panels. The centre 
 one bears the Chalice and Host, while the side panels represent the Table of 
 Shew-bread and the Pascal Lamb as two of the types of the Eucharist. On 
 the retable the Holy Spirit in the form of a Dove appears descending on the 
 Sacramental elements. The five crosses are deeply cut in the table itself. 
 The design and carvings are the work of the Rev. William Lowder, Rector of 
 Southminster, Essex, and brother of the late great and good Father Lowder. 
 The Altar is 10 feet long, 3 feet broad, and 3 feet 6 inches in height, and is of 
 stately appearance.
 
 142 
 
 Street-Lore of Bath. 
 
 Tyning Road. A road or pathway leading from Bath wick 
 to Widcombe. On each side a series of rural gardens. 
 Tyning is evidently a corruption of Tithing, and the 
 land was a part of the ancient Tithing of Widcombe. 
 In 1890 the site was broken up and sold for building 
 upon, the first houses, Nos. 6 and 7 were erected in that 
 year, and there are now 13 houses. 
 
 UNION Passage, earliest Lease dated 1789. This pas- 
 sage is the perpetuation of Cock Lane, next in 
 antiquity to Alvard or Slippery Lane. It was in fact 
 the ancient passage from the Borough Walls to Sowter 
 Street [see S], and the Churchyard. 
 
 Union Street, first proposed in 1789, 1 finished by Baldwin 
 in 1806, opened 1807. [See Mainwaring's Annals of 
 Bath, pp. 6, 7, 17]. 
 
 YANE Street, 1820. So-called after the family name 
 of the Cleveland family. 
 
 Villa Fields, in 1800, open fields, let out as gardens, 
 gradually enclosed, small summer-houses built, and by 
 degrees converted into dwellings. 
 
 1 The term Union signifies that, under the Act [see page 24] the area on which 
 stood The Bear Inn, opposite Northumberland Passage, with the inn yard and 
 a congeries of inferior houses extending to the corner of Westgate Street and 
 Cheap Street, was to be cleared and a new street built, which was to unite 
 Milsom Street to the North and Stall Street to the South in an unbroken line. 
 The houses here referred to not only blocked the way but they were discredit- 
 able to the city in every sense. The scheme was not carried out in its entirety : 
 the line being broken by the unsightly pile on the east side of Old Bond Street, 
 Burton (correctly Barton) Street, and various angles that might have been 
 removed. From the Bear Inn, the public had a right of way through the yard 
 and a narrow "throng," from thence led to Westgate and Cheap Streets. 
 
 The Committee for the erection of a new Free Church in Bath have to 
 acknowledge the receipt of a munificent donation of Sacramental Plate for the 
 use of that Church, from an unknown benefactor, designating himself a Native 
 of Bath, and to return their most grateful thanks for the same. Oct. 3rd, 1820.
 
 Street-Lore of Bath. 143 
 
 Villa and Recreation Grounds, Bath wick, 1784. The Villa 
 still standing ; since it was used for its original purpose 
 it was for some years occupied by the eccentric John 
 Trussler, and then as the parish workhouse, and is now 
 let out in apartments to labourers. 
 
 Vineyards. Building Leases granted 1759. Formerly 
 some of the houses were called Harlequin Row, 1760. 
 The site was that of a commercial vineyard, planted in 
 the early part of the seventeenth century, and done 
 away with about 1730. 
 
 Vineyards, Ancient. The ancient Vineyards were culti- 
 vated on the slopes of the Priors' Park, and also in 
 Lyncombe Vale to a very large extent, in all probability 
 long before the Conquest. Bishop Robert de Maud, in 
 1150, endowed the Bath Monastery with the "tithe of 
 the Vines of Lyncumb." Besides these Vineyards the 
 Prior and Monks of the Priory largely cultivated the 
 Vine on the site of the Parades, and the land extending 
 as far as the G.W.R., but chiefly upon the side in front 
 of the South Parade. [See also The Grange\. 
 
 w 
 
 IADE'S (Marshal) House, No. 14, Abbey Churchyard. 
 This house was designed for the Marshal by his 
 friend, the Earl of Burlington. 1 It had a double front, 
 one towards Cheap Street, and that towards the 
 Churchyard ; the former, which was very ornate, ex- 
 tended some nine feet into the street, at that time 
 nothing more than a passage some seven feet in width. 
 When it was robbed of the Cheap Street front, a 
 storey was added, which spoils its beauty. The Earl 
 also designed the house for the Marshal in Cork Street, 
 London, in which he died, in 1747. There is a view of 
 this house in the " Vitruvius Britannicus." In a letter 
 
 1 See Orange Grove.
 
 144 
 
 Street-Lore of Bath. 
 
 written by "Walpole to Mrs. Montagu, in 1748, he says : 
 " I went yesterday to see Marshal Wade's house, which 
 is selling by auction; it is worse contrived on the insi<le 
 than is conceivable, all to humour the beauty of the 
 front. Lord Chesterfield said, ' That to be sure he 
 could not live in it, but intended to take the house over 
 against it to look at it.' It is literally true that all the 
 directions he gave my Lord Burlington, was to have a 
 place for a large cartoon [Meleager and Atalanta] of 
 Reubens' [sic] that he had bought in Flanders ; but my 
 lord found it necessary to have so many correspondent 
 doors, that there was no room at last for the picture ; 
 and the Marshal was obliged to sell the picture to my 
 father ; it is now at Houghton." 
 
 Wade's Passage. [See Abbey Churchyard]. 
 
 Walcot is a parish of modern growth, having in the course 
 of a century and a half spread from a small village 
 of a few houses to be the largest, and by far the most 
 important part of the city. The term Wai or Wall is 
 a very common prefix. Cot or Cote signifies a mud 
 cottage. Coton is the plural of cote. Near us we have 
 the village of Fosscot, and in Shropshire, Coton HilL 
 
 Walcot Church, re-built 1780. New Dial 1829. Kestored, 
 repaired, and re-decorated, 1891. Register begins 1687. 
 
 Walcot Parade, formerly Swithin's Terrace and Butler's 
 Buildings, 1775. 
 
 Walcot Street and Ladymead, Leases from 1789 to 98. 
 Iron Eailing affixed, with hand-rail to Long Steps, 1817. l 
 [See Roads]. 
 
 Walcot Terrace, 1792-5. 
 
 1 Before the present houses were built, the street, a very ancient one, was 
 only 18 feet wide. The Posse Way passed over a part of the site of this street 
 [see page 275].
 
 Street-Lore of Bath. 
 
 145 
 
 Walks, The, 1808. 1 
 
 Walls. The Roman Walls, there is reason to believe, were 
 built during the earliest occupation by Claudius in the 
 first century. These walls, together with the vast 
 temples and all their noble sculpture, were left intact 
 on the departure of the Romans. It was, doubtless, 
 during the next 1 50 years that much of this work was 
 either deliberately demolished, or what is more probable 
 suffered to decay and fall into ruins. This hypothesis 
 is the more reasonable from the fact that there is no 
 evidence from the many examples of Roman art, dis- 
 covered and preserved, of any deliberate injury or 
 defacement, and this is again strengthened by the fact 
 that in the later or mediaeval walls many examples of 
 Roman sculpture were "worked in"; so that it was, 
 more or less, exposed to the elements for a period of 
 1500 years. With reference to the mediaeval walls there 
 are many theories, but one thing is certain they were 
 pre Norman, and the consensus of authorities points to 
 Alfred the Great 2 as having begun the re-construction 
 of the walls on the Roman lines in 887. King Alfred 
 is recorded to have been a munificent benefactor to the 
 City of Bath. Until his time all the detached villages 
 and hamlets within a circuit of several miles were 
 included under the general name of the City, but when 
 this Prince made his survey of England, and divided 
 the whole kingdom into shires, hundreds, and tithings, 
 
 1 The traditional name is preserved, the site being that of The Walks of the 
 last century, 1~17. The Walks consisted of a terrace raised a few feet above 
 the level, overlooking the city walls, eastward. This terrace was the grand 
 promenade for the fashionable visitors, and was made in 1717. After some 
 years the terrace was removed, and several houses were built on the site. 
 These houses protruded so far, that in order to make the present road and 
 to effect other improvements, it was expedient to remove them, when the 
 present row was built. After the alterations the Parades became the fashionable 
 resort of the visitors. 
 
 2 See Woexl, vol 1, p. 83 and 183. 
 
 10
 
 146 Street-Lore of Bath. 
 
 the villages which then comprised the detached parts 
 of Bath were separated from the body of the city, and 
 formed into distinct jurisdictions. Bath was then 
 surrounded with a wall and deep ditch, and the ap- 
 proaches to it defended by four gates. 
 
 Warminster Road, opened Oct. 1st, 1835. [See Roads]. 
 
 Warner was originally built by the Rev. Richard Warner 
 about the year 1816. The earliest work written and dated 
 from thence was in 1817. He called the place Widcomb 
 Cottage. In the same year his daughter Rebecca Warner 
 published Original Letters, but, writing from the same 
 place, she calls it Beach Cottage. The house and 
 grounds, now called Warner, have since been much 
 altered and improved at various times. The present 
 owner, A. G. D. Moger, Esq., has judiciously enlarged 
 the house. By the addition of turrets, and the inlaid 
 wood- work, the place now looks like a picturesque Swiss 
 Chalet, peculiarly appropriate to the situation. The ridge 
 along the S.W. boundaries of the city, is exceedingly 
 beautiful in itself, and the rich umbrageous foliage is 
 very lovely. In the last century it was a long bare 
 hilly range. It is now as Milton says : 
 
 " A sylvan scene, and as the ranks ascend 
 Shade above shade, a woody theatre 
 Of stateliest view." 
 
 The road from Perrymead was exceedingly rough, so 
 much so as to render access to the house very difficult. 
 Mr. Moger has obviated this by a well-constructed 
 winding road, leading up to and terminating in a series 
 of terraces close to the house. 
 
 Watchmen first appointed in 1646. 
 
 Westfield House. On the ancient Fosse Road. A house 
 of the Georgian period about 1791. An admirable type 
 of mansion, well built, equally well proportioned, inter-
 
 Street-Lore of Bath. 147 
 
 nally as well as externally, commanding on the south a 
 sweep of well-timbered undulating park-like scenery; to 
 the north parts of Lansdown ; and to the west that 
 vast combe or valley extending almost to Bristol, the 
 foreground of which is exceedingly lovely. Lord Bacon 
 said, " that men come to build stately sooner than 
 to garden finely." We know that it is so in our day. 
 If the great philosopher had lived in our own times, 
 he would, in addition to the list of homely but lovely 
 flowers, which he insisted should be cultivated "severally 
 as things of beauty in due season," have seen orchids 
 and other flowers, if not more worthy of his praise, 
 more calculated to excite his wonder. The owner of 
 Westfield, Mr. K. B. Cater, (who values no compli- 
 ment so highly as that of, being deemed an old and 
 worthy Bath citizen), shares the great man's love of 
 each flower in its due order of time and season, which 
 marks the true lover of nature. If we have fine fruit 
 under the shelter of Lansdown we have fine flowers 
 near the ancient roads of the Eomans, and within a 
 stone's throw of one of their grand encampments. 
 
 " Who loves a garden still his Eden keeps 
 Perennial pleasure plants and wholesome harvest reaps." 
 
 Westgate Buildings, 1756-60. 
 
 Westgate House, or Royal Palace, which had been ac- 
 quired by the Town Clerk, Mr. Clutterbuck, given by 
 him to the City, Feb. 1st, 1776, to improve the road. 
 Pulled down Feb. same year. It formed originally a 
 wing of the West Gate, and was a handsome building. 
 
 Westgate Street, 1755-60. [Some portions of the ancient 
 buildings remain at the rear of many of present houses.] 
 
 Weymouth House, Abbey Green, built by Thomas, 2nd 
 Viscount Weymouth, about 1736. 
 
 Weymouth Street, 1775.
 
 148 Street-Lore of Bath. 
 
 Wheel-chairs. The precise date of the invention of the 
 Bath or Wheel-chair cannot be determined, but it was 
 certainly not later than 1780. About that period the 
 public pavements were then fairly well laid down in the 
 new and best portions of the city, admitting the use of 
 such a handy-wheeled vehicle. The inventor was John 
 Dawson, who carried en his business at St. James's 
 Parade, where he died in 1824. The wheel-chair is, 
 more especially in Bath, the most striking link, so far as 
 vehicular conveyance is concerned, between the past and 
 present. For many years, eveji down to the forties in 
 this century, it had to compete with the Sedan. True 
 it had fairly won the contest from the outset, but so 
 much had the old luxurious Sedan won the affection 
 and attachment of the ladies, that for sixty years it had 
 maintained a gallant but hopeless struggle with the 
 handy but beautifully constructed Bath Wheel-chair. 
 One obvious advantage, from the first, the Wheel-chair 
 enjoyed over the Sedan, namely, that it could be worked 
 by a single man, and therefore at a less cost to the 
 public, and that it could be always found at convenient 
 stands in various parts of the city. Doubtless the Bath- 
 chair has been improved since its invention, and that 
 too, by the late Mr. Heath, but this improvement is not 
 so obvious as in many other modern conveyances, great 
 and small. So far as can be seen from early representa- 
 tions of the old wheel-chairs they were the same in form, 
 the body resting upon the highly tempered steel springs 
 and running upon the same kind of wheels. But we 
 admit that springs and wheels in the present day, whilst 
 apparently the same, may be far superior. It may be 
 said, indeed, with truth, that an examination of one of 
 these small machines, reveals an amount of ingenuity, 
 strength, and beauty of workmanship, which is quite
 
 Street-Lore of Bath. 149 
 
 surprising. It is, moreover, due to the Bath Chairmen 
 that we should emphatically say that a more civil and 
 worthy set of public servants could not be found. 
 
 Whitehall Stairs and Ferry, on the North bank of the 
 Avon, a little eastward of Cleveland Bridge, about 1786. 
 
 Widcombe Crescent, 1808. 
 
 Widcombe Terrace, 1808. 
 
 Widcombe House, about 1740. 1 
 
 Wine Street Court, 1768. 
 
 Wine Street, 1770. 
 
 Window, Modern. Gilmore made his famous survey of 
 Bath in 1694, the city being very much what it was 
 in Queen Elizabeth's time. The windows were all of 
 the same character, some being, of course much larger 
 and handsomer than others, but all being of the stone 
 mullioned transomed style, one or two panes of glass 
 opening with the usual metal catch. It is a fact, not 
 generally known, that in 1696, a chairman named Philip 
 Taylor invented the sash window. 
 
 Window Tax and House Tax. In 1781, according to a 
 return to Parliament the number of houses in Bath 
 paying the Tax was 1172. 
 
 Winifred House. [See St. Winifred's.] 
 
 Winifred's Dale, first house 1810. 
 
 Woodland Place, Bathwick, 1825. 
 
 Woodhill Place, Bathwick, 1820. 
 
 Wood Street, 1729. 
 
 Worcester Place, about 1800. 
 
 Worcester Terrace, about 1800. 
 
 1 There was an older house on the site built by Inigo Jones, and it is 
 probable that much of that structure is incorporated with the present building. 
 The design is often erroneously attributed to the elder Wood, who, in the 
 minute enumeration of his works does not mention it. From the reference to 
 it by Richard Jones, it is probable that he caught and embodied tlic spirit of 
 his great namesake's work, in the restored house. He also built the pretty 
 group of offices in the outer garden.
 
 150 
 
 Street-Lore of Bath. 
 
 "TTOKK Buildings, 1759. Named in honour of Edward 
 JL Augustus, Duke of York, brother of George III., 
 
 who was attached to Bath. The last visit was in 1765 
 
 and he died in 1767. 
 York House, finished in 1759, and opened Nov. 7th. 
 
 Wood II. 
 
 Destructive Fire Dec. 25th, 1827. 
 York Street, 1806. 1 
 
 1 This street, was sometime in course of erection, and opened a direct 
 carriage road to and from Stall Street. Previous to that date only foot passen- 
 gers from the immediate neighbourhood of the Parades could pass into Stall 
 Street, and then by way of Lilliput Alley, The Abbey Green, and Abbey Gate 
 Stieet. [See Abbey Street.}
 
 APPENDIX. 
 
 LOCAL DELICACIES, TIT-BITS, & SAVORY MORSELS. 
 
 " Hast thou not learn'd me how 
 To make perfumes? distil? preserve? Yea, so 
 That our great king himself doth woo me oft 
 For my confections ? " 
 
 Cvntbeline i. 0. 
 
 Bath Buns. These are made in other places besides Bath, but only 
 in Bath can the genuine thing be got. It is composed of flour, 
 beaten up with eggs, sugar, and a judicious admixture of lemon. 
 The mystery, like many other mysteries, is no mystery to those 
 who know it. In other words it is all a question of proportion, 
 care, and experience. 
 
 Bath Caprices. Composed of whipped white of egg, jam, and 
 delicate pastry. 
 
 Bath Chaps. The most delicate portion of the pig's head, cured 
 in sweet pickle. The animals selected are small, and therefore 
 the flesh is delicate and tender. In Oxford the same or similar cut 
 is called " Oxford Jowl," but it is larger than the " Bath Chap," 
 and less toothsome. In the Midlands the whole head is similarly 
 cured in two equal parts, and is called " Pig's Head," and, as a 
 rule, is larger, fatter, and less suited to the breakfast table. 
 
 Bath Chines. The peculiar character of Bath Chine is that the 
 coarser portions of the fat and lean are removed, and that it is cut 
 from younger and more delicately fed swine than is generally 
 
 the case. 
 
 "At this presents her with the tusky head 
 And chine with many bristles roughly spread." 
 
 Dryden.
 
 152 Appendix. 
 
 Bath Cheese. A cheese of soft buttery consistency, made from new 
 milk, and is a very pleasant, wholesome, and digestible morsel. 
 It differs from the slip-coat cheese, which is made from milk warm 
 from the cow, and after some days "slips its coat," under which 
 a rich cream has formed. The Bath cheese is thicker, lighter and 
 more wholesome. 
 
 "It is quite the cheese." Slang of the Masher. 
 
 Bath Parliament Gingerbread. A very wholesome, simple 
 pabulum made in parallelogram shape. 
 
 " An I had but one pennv in the world thou shouldst have it to buy ginger- 
 bread." Shak. L.L.L.V. 1. 
 
 "He brought my little ones a pennyworth of gingerbread each, which my 
 wife undertook to keep for them, and gave them by littles at a time." 
 
 Goldsmith, Vicar, xii. 
 
 Bath Polony. Similar to German Polony, but more delicate less 
 in fact of the raw-meat flavour about it, smaller in size, and 
 smaller in cost. We may say the Bathonians are " addicted to 
 polonies," do not " disguise their love of cakes," and disdain not 
 to "bet in gingerbeer." 
 
 Bath Wigs. Bath wigs are of two kinds ; wigs for the head and 
 wigs for the stomach. The former sometimes do not agree with 
 
 the head, whilst the latter invariably agree with the stomach. 
 
 
 
 Oliver Biscuits. We may confidently affirm that no biscuit in use, 
 has existed so long and stood the test of experience with such in- 
 variable success, as the famous "Oliver." The history of this 
 simple but wholesome biscuit has been briefly given in Historic 
 Houses, Vol. II. Oliver was an eminent Bath physician and 
 philanthropist. He practised with great success for 40 years in the 
 city, and although we have no evidence that, previous to his death, 
 the biscuit was ever made for sale, there is little doubt that the 
 inventor had made it for his own use and that he had tested its value 
 both in the hospital (Water) and amongst his private patients. 
 Without such experience he could not, in giving the recipe to his 
 " good Atkins," [in 1 764], by whom it was first made for sale, have 
 felt that confidence in its efficacy which the manner of the gift 
 implied. When we speak of the long existence of the biscuit, or 
 as it was sometimes called, cracker, we must explain that for many 
 years it was a monopoly in the hands of the original "good 
 Atkins " and one or two of his successors ; but like most other 
 good things in these days of competiton and ' ' strife for superiority,"
 
 Appendix. 153 
 
 other makers have successfully produced the article. The seal of 
 improvement in its manufacture as well as in the manner in which 
 it has been presented to the public, namely, in the neat tin cases, 
 has been set upon that of Messrs. Cater, Stoffell and Fortt, by 
 the awarding of the silver medal by the council of the Food and 
 Cookery Exhibition held in 1892, in Baker Street, London. We 
 know little beyond what oral_ tradition tells us of the original bis- 
 cuit, except as to its simple composition, but from the appliance in 
 the days of Oliver, Atkins, and immediate successors, methods of 
 production, quality of flour, and construction and heating of the 
 oven, as compared with those of the present day, it must have been 
 inferior. This, however is beyond all doubt, that to whatever 
 cause it may be attributable, no competitor amongst the various 
 great firms of biscuit makers, whether in London, Reading, or 
 elsewhere, has ever produced an article which can bear any com- 
 parison with the crisp, simple, relishable confection made in Bath, 
 known universally as "An Oliver." 
 
 Sally Lunns. [See Lilliput Alley and Note to Parades.} The Sally 
 Lunn derives its name from the inventor and original maker, who 
 was an expert in all things concerning the cookery of the latter 
 half of the last century. Among other delicacies this lady of 
 genius and happy resources invented, the piece de resistance was 
 this tea-cake. In all the great tea fights the Sally Limn occupied 
 the place of honour on a silver dish. It was an expensive cake, 
 and made of various sizes according to the party. Composed of 
 fine flour, mixed carefully with new milk, then raised, and so baked 
 as to leave the "heart" perfectly soft, and whilst hot cut into 
 "rounds " and buttered ad libitum. If it be less popular than of 
 old, it is probably due to the fact that modern digestions are not 
 equal to those of our great-grandmothers, certainly not to the in- 
 vention of a greater luxury. 
 
 Sulis Water. Bath Mineral Water /Erated. This " Water" rivals 
 the Continental Waters, not only in its medical effects, but also as a 
 table-water. Crisp and pleasant in flavour, it excels all others as 
 an admixture with wine and spirits for the invalid, and if we may 
 venture to say so, in their " meaner incidence" to the smoker or 
 the ordinary connoiseur, who "well his connoiseurship under- 
 stands." 
 
 Tripe. The Bath tripe differs from other tripe in the country chiefly 
 in the excessive care bestowed upon it in the process of cleaning, 
 dressing, and trimming.
 
 154 Appendix. 
 
 Bath Bricks do not come under the head of delicacies. Moreover 
 they are of two kinds. There is the living two-legged " regular 
 brick," not perhaps peculiar to Bath, although she has a fair share 
 of them, and does her part in producing them. They are sometimes 
 known under the designation " regular good fellows," who spend 
 everybody's money except their own," of which they have none. 
 There is another definition, " a modest good fellow " in an em- 
 phatic sense. 
 
 " In brief I don't stick to declare, Father Dick, 
 So they called him for short, was a regular brick." 
 
 Bath Brick is made near Bridgwater. It is a substance, used for 
 polishing or cleansing metallic utensils, consisting of fine Silicious 
 Sand deposit in the river Parret near that town. The substance is 
 called Bath Brick, because it was and is so largely used in Bath. 
 
 THE END.
 
 J^irxg & 5or\ 
 
 
 CQercers, 
 
 DRAPERS, 
 AND LADIES' OUTFITTERS, 
 
 iranoiiiiiiHiiiiiiiniiiinniiiniiniiiiiniiiiiiiiiinHiiiHiiiinniiiiiiniiniiiiiiiniiniiniiiiiiiniimnnniiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiHiiiiiiiiii 
 
 GOODS SE^SlT Cfl^^IRGE PRItX
 
 Xansbown ($rov>e 
 
 BATH. 
 
 COpi HIS Hotel stands at an elevation of 400 feet above sea 
 $VK level in its own beautifully wooded grounds, two acres 
 in extent, embracing the advantages of a Town and Country 
 Residence. 
 
 Air dry and bracing. Sheltered from north and east. 
 Splendid views of the surrounding country. Royal Victoria 
 Park, Assembly Rooms, Pump Room, and Roman Baths 
 within easy distance. 
 
 Tennis Lawns and Billiards. 
 
 Omnibus to and from the City and Hot Mineral Baths 
 Free of Charge to Visitors staying at Hotel. Good Stabling. 
 
 Telephone No. 35.
 
 One oP Ihe mos! Pamous F|ouses ou! oP Londoq." 
 
 York J-louse Jiotel, 
 
 Built by Wood II. in 1759. 
 
 fHIS First-class Hotel, for Families and Gentlemen, is 
 most centrally situated, close to the Post Office, the 
 Parks, Assembly Rooms, Mineral Water Baths, &c. Table 
 d'Hote at separate tables. Public Rooms ; also Suites for 
 Families. Electric Light. 
 
 Telephone No. 59. 
 
 4$ft5$!? 
 
 E. ASH CROFT, Proprietor. 
 
 ALSO AT ST. VINCENT'S ROCKS HOTEL, CLIFTON.
 
 "In nothing has there been so great a change in the 
 present century as in the methods of business." 
 
 CO-OPERATIVE 
 
 CASH SYSTEM, 
 
 46 MILSOM STREET, BATH, 
 
 FOR THE SALE OF HIGH-CLASS 
 
 GROCERIES, 
 WINES, SPIRITS, ALES, 
 
 PATENT MEDICINES, 
 GRAPES, MELONS, TOMATOES, BANANAS, &c.. 
 
 At Prices arranged for the special advantage of Cash Purchasers. 
 
 Cheques should be crossed " National Bank of Wales," and made payable 
 to Wm. Peach. 
 
 WILLIAM PEACH, 
 
 46 MILSOM STREET, BATH. 
 
 CITY. 
 
 Special arrangements are made for the Daily Collection , 
 and Delivery of Orders and in such cases Accounts are' 
 rendered weekly. 
 
 COUNTRY. 
 
 Orders Collected Fortnightly and Goods Delivered Free of 
 Carriage by Own Vans. 
 
 Sole Agent for the ALES of 
 
 WOKTHINGTON & COMPY., Burton-on- Trent. 
 DEVENISH & COMPY., Weymouth.
 
 THE DISPENSING ESTABLISHMENT, 
 
 6 MILSOM STREET, BATH. 
 
 HIS Establishment having gained such a widespread reputntion for the 
 excellence of its Drugs and Medicines, it is almost unnecessary to call 
 the attention of the Public further to the fact. 
 
 Dispensing however being the principal and most responsible branch of their 
 business, the greatest attention is gi\ en by the Proprietors to all the minutiae 
 connected therewith ; the arrangements of this Department being such as their 
 experience has proved to be most conducive to accuracy and despatch. 
 
 The Chemicals and Drugs used are of the purest quality, whilst the prices 
 are as moderate as such gunrantee will admit. The entire duties of the Estab- 
 lishment are under the direct personal control of the Principals. 
 
 Medicines are despatched to all parts of the City with the utmost promptitude, 
 while the facilities offered by the Parcels Post enable Country Orders to be 
 executed by return of Post. 
 
 N.B.-NO APPRENTICES EMPLOYED. 
 
 Sole makers and proprietors of the PEPTO-ALRUMENOID BISCUITS, 
 highly nutritious, invigorating, sustaining and digestive. Invaluable to in- 
 valids and all who from their occupation take their meals at irregular hours. 
 
 Price 1/6 and 2/6, per post 1/9 and 2/11. 
 
 Also of the well-known PYROLA, the Painless Corn Cure. Price l/- 
 Per post 1/2. 
 
 6 MILSOM STREET, BATH, 
 
 (Next Door to Fortt & Son's}.
 
 BATH 
 TELEGRAPHIC ADDRESS: 
 
 " POWELLS, BATH." 
 Local TELEPHONE, No. 18. 
 
 LONDON 
 
 TELEGRAPHIC ADDRESS: 
 "DEPOSITING, 
 
 LONDON." 
 
 HOUSE AGENTS, 
 
 LISTS FREE. 
 
 POWELL & POWELL, 
 
 18 OLD BOND STREET, 
 
 And City Auction Mart, Bath, 
 
 AND PROPRIETORS OF THE 
 
 (LATE CHICK'S), LONDON, W. 
 
 iiiiiiiiiiiiliiliiiiiliiliiiniiiiuiNiiiiiiiiiiiiliiiiiliiiiiininiiiiiiininiiiiiiiiiininii 
 
 GENERAL HOUSE FURNISHERS, 
 
 ESTRTE & HOUSE AGENTS. 
 
 (Property Register Published Monthly). 
 
 AUCTIONEERS AND VALUERS. 
 
 l-jousehold l^emoVals to all parts by l^oad of l^ail, 
 DRY & SEPARATE ROOMS FOR WAREHOUSING. 
 
 Illustrated Catalogues and Estimates on Application.
 
 PINCH $ C0,'3 
 
 AND DISPENSING ESTABLISHMENT, 
 5 CHEAP STREET, BATH. 
 
 Drugs, Chemicals, Patent Medicines, 
 
 Proprietary Articles, Invalids' Requisites, 
 
 &c., at London Stores Prices for Cash. 
 
 miiiiiuiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiuliiiiiliiliiliiliiliiiuiniiiliiliiliiiiiiiiiiiiiiii 
 
 Special attention is given to the Dispensing 
 of Physicians' Prescriptions. 
 
 This Department is entirely separated from the Retail portion of 
 the business, and is under the personal supervision of the Principal. 
 
 The purity of all Drugs employed in the compounding of medicines 
 we guarantee. 
 
 Our Prices will be found nearly one-half those usually charged. 
 Medicines sent to any part of the suburbs daily. 
 
 Urgent Orders have immediate attention. 
 
 IIIIIIIIIHIUI1IIIIIIIIIIIIIII1IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIUIIIIIIIUI1II.IIIIIIIIIIIUIIIIIIIIIIIIIUIIIIIIIUIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIUIIIIIIIIIIUIIIIIIII1II 
 
 SOLE AGENTS FOR 
 
 DR. TILBURY FOX'S gKIN SOAP, 
 
 Highly recommended for Preserving the Skin, rendering it 
 Soft, White, and Supple, and allaying all Irritation and Blemishes. 
 
 6d. per Cake.
 
 ESTABLISHED 1820. 
 
 CABINET AND UPHOLSTERY 
 
 MANUFACTORY AND WAREROOMS, 
 & & g Northgate Street, 
 
 AUCTIONEERS, HOUSE AGENTS 
 
 Valuations for 
 
 DEALERS IN 
 
 New and Second-Hand Furniture. 
 
 DRY & EXTENSIVE ROOMS 
 
 FOR STORING GOODS. 
 
 SPRING VANS for the REMOVAL of FURNITURE. 
 
 Every Description of Bedding and Spring 
 Mattresses made to order.
 
 ESTABLISHED A.D. 1779. 
 
 FANCY 
 
 ai\d jBisfcuii JlZanufadurers, 
 
 15 ARGYLE STREET, 
 
 (GREAT PULTENEY STREET), 
 
 BATH. 
 
 BRYHJiTS "OLIVER. BISCUITS." 
 
 DR. OLIVER, a physician of great repute in the days of Beau Nash, 
 invented these Biscuits, A.D. 1735, for the benefit of his Patients. A 
 thin, crisp, fermented biscuit, not sweet, containing a great amount of 
 nourishment in a small compass. 
 
 The Biscuits are particularly nice, but to some it may seem that 
 they are made only with flour, butter and water ; but that there is 
 some secret connected with the making has been proved by the many 
 attempts to produce them by the uninitiated, which have only resulted 
 in entire failures. The "Oliver" is peculiarly crisp, not sweet, and is 
 good either as a lunch, tea, or supper biscuit. It is stated to be the 
 only biscuit that is fermented, and on that account is good for invalids 
 suffering from acidity and indigestion, for which yeast is a corrective. 
 It.jis difficult to find a more welcome present of the kind for a friend 
 at a distance, than a tin of 
 
 BRYANT'S "OLIVER BISCUITS."
 
 E. & H. DEANE, 
 
 Xinen t)aU, 
 
 9 Ecigar BttilcLingg, 
 
 anfc Jlcima^J 
 
 LADIES' AND GENTLEMEN'S 
 
 Hosiers and Outfitters, 
 
 guperior 3oujseholb attb ^able ^Cintit. 
 
 Hosiery of only the best and most reliable makes. 
 
 Real Indian Cashmere Underwear, 
 
 Warmth without weight, Extreme Softness, Non-shrinking. 
 
 INDIES' DEPHRTMEJ5T, 
 
 CHEMISES, DRAWERS, NIGHT-DRESSES, COMBINATIONS, 
 
 SLIP-BODIES, CAMISOLES, DRESSING GOWNS & JACKETS, 
 
 CORSETS, COLLARS, CUFFS, PLAIN AND FANCY 
 
 HANDKERCHIEFS, &c. 
 HARTMANN'S & SOUTHALL'S SANITARY TOWELS. 
 
 The Underclothing in this Department is a Specialite, being made by 
 
 hand with more than ordinary neatness and accuracy. The Em- 
 
 broideries used in Trimming are carefully selected and prepared in a 
 
 special way to ensure satisfaction in wear. 
 
 WEDDING TROUSSEAUX. BABY LINEN. 
 
 GEJWkEMEJl'Z DEPKRTMEFT, 
 
 SHIRTS OF ALL KINDS, LONGCLOTH, FLANNEL, 
 
 FRENCH PRINT, OXFORD, SILK, SILK AND WOOL, &c.. 
 
 NIGHT-SHIRTS, PYJAMA SLEEPING bUITS, DRESSING 
 
 GOWNS, COLLARS. 
 
 The Shirts being HAND-SEWN, and, as in the Ladies' Department, 
 special attention given to matters of detail to provide against hard 
 wear, are specially adapted for INDIAN & FOREIGN OUTFITS generally. 
 
 B. & H. t>EAfiE, iPish Iiinen Hall, Bath.
 
 THE 
 
 BOOK 
 
 AND 
 
 OFFICIAL RECORD, 
 
 Containing- a vast amount of useful and interesting 
 
 information concerning the Bathing establishments, 
 
 Public Buildings, Churches, Chapels, Parks, Gardens, 
 
 Hospitals, Clubs, Amusements, and the Municipal, 
 
 Political, Benevolent, Religious and Social 
 
 Institutions of the City. 
 
 This indispensable Manual should be in the hands of 
 every resident and every visitor. As a 
 
 POPULAR WORK OF REFERENCE 
 
 on local matters it is unique in the comprehensive and 
 
 useful character of its contents. It may be termed the 
 
 local "Whitaker's Almanack." 
 
 SOLD BY ALL BOOKSELLERS. 
 
 Published at the Office of the " Bath Railway Guide," 
 10 STALL STREET.
 
 THE DISPENSING PHARMACY, 
 
 TOP OF MILSOM STREET, 
 
 (NEXT TO THE NATIONAL PROVINCIAL BANK), 
 
 CONDUCTED BY 
 
 J, BILBY MERRIKIN, 
 
 Pharmaceutical Chemist. 
 
 The practice at this old established Pharmacy is to make use of no Drug 
 
 or Chemical but what is PURE AND RELIABLE. 
 The charges are moderate, and especial attention is paid to the imme- 
 diate preparation and despatch of Medicines urgently required. 
 Medicines, &c., are sent to all parts of the city and suburbs immediately 
 on receipt of order, and the Parcels Post enables persons at a greater 
 distance to readily procure their supplies of remedies required. 
 
 ttmbrella anb parasol 
 
 Walking-Stick & Cane Merchant. 
 
 Patentee of the Celebrated "Lock-rib" Umbrellas. 
 
 18 NEW BOND STREET, 
 
 BATH.
 
 W. MITCHELL, 
 
 iiactiipt ri aKntjt | alter & 
 
 l l * 
 
 FURNITURE MADE & REPAIRED EQUAL TO NEW. 
 
 Ladies' Own Needlework Tastefully Mounted. 
 
 All Kinds of Blinds Made and Repaired. 
 Houses Dismantled. Furniture Removed by Road or Rail. 
 
 ESTIMATES GIVEN. 
 Employ the Practical Workman and effect a great saving. 
 
 Jtmevals (Eompletelj) anfc 4&ritoatelB Jurnislub. 
 
 Workshops 
 
 NO. I Belle-Vue Buildings, ( top of Belvedere), 
 Address- IO Oxford ROW. 
 
 A Post Card will Receive Prompt Attention. 
 
 prinfei[, 
 
 10 STALL STREET, BATH, 
 
 Offices of the "Bath Railway Guide" and the "Bath Year Book." 
 
 Publisher of "Street-Lore of Bath," "Anecdotes of Bath," &c. 
 
 AGENT FOR THE 
 
 Fountain Pens, Copying Apparatuses, 
 
 Typewriters. &c. 
 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1. 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 
 
 St GEflE^flli 
 
 Visiting Cards Engraved and Printed.
 
 22121 
 
 BATH CITY HOUSE. 
 
 lllllllllllll[!llIlnlllll!llllilllll!ll!lllll>lllllllllllllllllllllll!lllllllllllllllll!lll!l!ir-<UII!li;lllll!IIIIIII!irill 
 
 FAMILY AND 
 
 FumisKirvg Drapers, 
 
 MERCERS, COSTUMIER, g 
 HOSIERS & CKRPET WAREHOUSEMEN, 
 
 Babies' (t 0ift>ren Outfitter*. 
 
 Large Showroom replete with all the Latest 
 Novelties in 
 
 MANTLES, CAPES AND JACKETS, 
 
 COSTUMES, JERSEYS, &c., &c. 
 
 HHIiml(ffltimilllllllllll!!llll!ll!!llllll!llllllltlllllllllllll!lllllllll!INIIIIIIIINIIIIIIIIIIHnillllllllllNII!lliml!milllllllUlin 
 
 The Dress and Mantle-making Departments are under 
 
 competent and skilful Costumiers, and everything possible 
 
 is done to ensure good style and perfect fit 
 
 at moderate charges. 
 
 1, 2, 3 & 4 New Bond Street, 
 and 2 Northgate Street,
 
 G. COOLING & SONS 
 
 Seed Warehouse : 
 
 11 Northgate Street, 
 
 BATH. 
 
 Nurseries : 
 
 NEAR BATH. 
 
 FLOWER, 
 
 AND 
 
 PftRM SEEDS 
 
 Of the best possible quality. 
 
 Dutch Flower Roots 
 
 AND OTHER 
 
 Imported Bulbs. 
 
 Every Garden Requisite 
 Supplied. 
 
 TWENTY ACRES 
 
 ROSE TREES, 
 
 EVERGREENS, 
 
 HARDY SHRUBS, 
 
 ETC., ETC. 
 
 The Nurseries are within ten 
 minutes walk of the Bathampton 
 Station, 6.W.R. 
 
 Seed, Nursery, and Plant Catalogues Post Free.
 
 University of California 
 
 SOUTHERN REGIONAL LIBRARY FACILITY 
 
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