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With numerous Illustrations. 4s. 6d. ; cloth boards, 5s. | STATICS AND DYNAMICS, the Principles and Prac- 4 tice of; with those of Liquids and Gases. By T. BAKER, C.E. 1 Fourth Edition, revised byE. NUGENT, C.E. Illustrated. Is. 6d. $ CBOSBY LOCKWOOD & SON, 7, STATIONERS' HALL COUET, E.G. m LT -XJ r? I PJ! SUBTERRANEOUS SURVEYING antr Wtifyaut fye J&ajjncttc THOMAS FENWICK, OF DIPTON COLLIERY VIEWER AND SURVEYOR OF MINES THOMAS BAKER, C.E. AUTHOR OF " LAND AND ENGINEERING SURVEYING J " TREATISES ON "MENSURATION;" "STATICS AND DYNAMICS," ETC. (^tf tt(0n, fon LONDON CROSBY LOCKWOOD AND SON 7, STATIONERS' HALL COURT, LUDGATE HILL 1892 PREFACE. THE mineral wealth of this kingdom had become of such great importance, about half a century ago, as to induce Mr. T. Fenwick, of Dipton, in the County of Durham, to compose a Treatise on Sub- terraneous Surveying (which forms the basis of the present Work) for the use and instruction of young men designed for the profession of mining agents and surveyors, usually called colliery viewers : much more, then, is such a treatise now necessary, as these mineral productions have, up to the present time, been more than quadrupled in value ; and by the more general diffusion of mathematical, philosophical, and mechanical science, the working of mines has been conducted with greater skill and precision for the full development of their vast wealth. The general use of the magnetic needle in subter- raneous surveys has been found to be a great source of error, on account of ferruginous substances (which exist in almost all mines) attracting the needle, and causing it to give erroneous indications; whence, in general, old surveys are found to be extremely defec- tive. Indeed, Mr. Fenwick himself was so sensible b n PREFACE. of this deficiency of the needle, that he proposed, in the Second Edition of his Work, about forty years ago, to dispense with its general use ; though he still proposed to use it, at the first departure, or com- mencement of the survey, from the top to the bottom of the shaft of the mine. This Edition of the Work contains, in a small compass, the essentials of Subterraneous Surveying in all its branches, both with and without the use of the magnetic needle ; and to make it still more useful to that class of men for whom it is chiefly intended to convey information, there are added a great number of explanatory figures and examples. PART I. contains the method of surveying, with the use of the magnetic needle, without attending to its variation, as being more readily intelligible to begin- ners; and the magnetic bearings being, at the same time, at once adapted to the use of the Traverse Tables. This part is arranged after Mr. Fenwick's plan (whose method and examples are still retained), in the following order : 1 . Geometrical problems. 2. Theorems, and the methods of conducting sub- terraneous surveys. 3. Of determining the magnitude of angles. 4. Of determining bearings, and reducing angles to the bearings which they form with the magnetic meridian, with a rule and examples. PREFACE. Til 5. The method of reversing bearings. 6. Of reducing bearings to the angles they form with the magnetic meridian, with rules and examples ; and the manner of finding the magnitude 3f the angle that two bearings form with each other. 7. The method of reducing bearings and distances to the northing or southing, and easting or westing, they contain, by the Traverse Table, with a rule and examples. 8. The manner of surveying subterraneous exca- vations with the form of the survey-book. 9. The method of taking back sights, PART II. -In this part, which treats extensively on conducting subterraneous surveys, without the use of the magnetic needle, Mr. Fenwiek's examples are in several cases retained, with full directions for adapting them to the new method (they being already adapted to the use of the Traverse Table), which will con- stitute a useful exercise for the student in transferring the angles from their magnetic bearings to the angles which one line makes with the preceding one, . as taken by the theodolite. This part has the following arrangement : 1. Mr. Fenwiek's method of subterraneous sur- veying, without the use of the needle, except at the first departure or commencement of the survey. 2. Mr. Baker's method of commencing the survey by suspending two weights down the shaft in the direction Till PBEFACE. of the first headway, and marking the same direction on the surface ; and afterwards conducting the survey with the theodolite, without the use of the needle. 3. Mr. Beauland's method of making the commence- ment of the survey hy the help of a transit instrument, not using the needle, as in Baker's method. 4. Plotting and protracting surveys in various ways. 5. Of reducing the bearings and distances of a survey into one common bearing and distance, or any number of bearings and distances fewer than those that compose the survey, whether the angles be taken with the needle, or the theodolite independent of the needle. 6. The method of plotting on the surface in various ways. 7. The method of making the survey where the excavation inclines from the horizon. 8. A promiscuous collection of practical examples, some of which relate to tunnelling. PART III. contains subterraneous surveys, under the necessary attention to the magnetic variation of the needle. As the magnetic meridian has been found to be in a state of variation from the true meridian for upwards of 300 years, and still continues to vary, therefore surveys made by the circumferentor, or any other instrument under magnetic influence, must vary accordingly as that meridian varies. For instance, suppose the bearing of any one known object to have PREFACE. IX been taken from a given point by the magnetic meridian in the year 1700, and recorded; and if the bearing of the same object be now retaken by the magnetic meridian from the same given point, these two bearings will be found, on comparison, to differ about 14, 'the magnetic meridian having in that time changed thus far in its direction (see table, p. 96). It is also well known to directors of mines that the plans of their excavations, on examination, are always found to be erroneous, some even to a great extent. This frequently misleads the miner, adding expense to his subterraneous pursuits, and the cause of such errors originates through his inattention to the variation of the needle in the plotting from time to time of his surveys. This part, therefore, shows the method of rectifying the bearings of old surveys, in order to connect them with those made by the scientifically correct method laid down in the second part of this work. The third part is thus arranged : 1. Axioms and observations. 2. The method of finding the true and invariable meridian. 8. To determine the variation of the needle of the circumferentor or other instrument used in sur- veying. 4. To reduce bearings taken by an instrument, the needle of which has any known variation, to bearings with the t**"A meridian, with rules and examples. 12 X PEEFACB. 5. To reduce bearings from one magnetic meridian to bearings with any other magnetic meridian, with rules and examples. 6. To find the kind of meridian by which a plan has been constructed, with rules and examples. 7. On planning surveys, and finding the magnitude of an error in plotting, caused by inattention to the magnetic variation, with examples. 8. On running bearings on the surface by the cir- cumferentor or theodolite without error. 9. To determine the antiquity of a plan by its delineated meridian. 10. On recording bearings. 11. The Traverse Tables, with examples of their use. 12. An expeditious method of calculating the pro- duce of coal strata of any given thickness, with examples. 13. Concluding examples in mining surveying. Having now described the plan, and enumerated the heads of this publication, I must leave it to practical colliery viewers of scientific skill to judge of its merits and utility, in its present improved form ; and I trust, from my own practical experience in surveys of almost every kind during the last forty years, that the diffi- culties and intricacies of such a work will, to candid and liberal minds, be sufficiently obviated. T. BAKER. CONTENTS. PART I. IAOI Geometrical Problems . . .... .1 Theorems, and the method of conducting a subterraneous survey . . 4 To find the magnitude of angles ....... 9 To determine bearings, and to reduce angles to bearings . . . 10 To reverse bearings . . . . . . . . .15 To reduce bearings to angles . . . . . . ...&. To reduce bearings and distances to their northing and southing, and easting or westing ........ 21 Surveying and recording bearings 25 To survey subterraneous workings, and to prove the work, with examples and form of survey-book 27 To take a back sight . . . . . . . . 39 PART II Subterraneous surveying without the general use of the magnetic needle (Mr. Fenwick's method) 41 Subterraneous surveying entirely without the use of the needle (Mr. Baker's method) . 43 The same by Mr. Beauland's method 44 Xll CONTENtS. PAG To plot a survey on paper by the common method, with a description of the protractor . . . . . . . . . 48 To plot a survey on paper by the use of the T-square and drawing- board 51 To plot a survey, so that if an error be committed in any part of the work, it will not affect the following part, with an illustrative example ........... 53 To reduce any number of bearings and distances to one bearing and distance equal to the whole, with several examples both with and without the use of the needle . . . . . . 63 To plot on the surface by the circumferentor or theodolite . . 70 To avoid an obstruction that interferes with the line of plotting on the surface, with several examples . . . . . . 73 To make a survey when the subterraneous excavation inclines from the horizon 82 The fallacy shown of putting two or more bearings into one, and thus plotting them . . 84 A promiscuous collection of practical questions in mining and tunnelling 85 PART III. Axioms and observations - . . 92 On the variation of the magnetic needle ...... 93 A table showing the variation of the needle from the year 1576 to the year 1858, both inclusive . . . . . * . 94 A table showing the diurnal variation . . . . . .95 To find the true meridian . . . . . . . 96 To find the true meridian astronomically . . ' . . .97 To determine the needle's magnetic variation in any instrument * 98 To reduce bearings from a magnetic to the true meridian . . .99 To reduce bearings from one magnetic meridian to bearings with any other magnetic meridian . . . . . . . . 103 To find the meridian by which a plan has been constructed . .109 CONTENTS. Xlll PAQK To plan subterraneous surveys correctly, and to find the amount of an error, arising in plotting, through inattention to the magnetic variation of the needle . . . . . . . . 115 To run bearings on the surface by any circumferentor or other magnetic instrument without error . . . . . . 12^ To find the antiquity of a plan by its delineated meridian . . . 127 To record the bearings of subterraneous surveys . . . .128 The use and application of the Traverse Tables 129 The use of the Table in reducing hypothenusal distances to horizontal distances 131 A Traverse Table to every degree of the quadrant . . . . 133 To calculate the produce of coal-strata of any given thickness in tons . 157 Concluding questions in mining surveying . . . . 160 EXPLANATION TEEMS AND EXPRESSIONS IN THIS WORK Bearing to the right or left of a meridian. A line is said to bear on the right or left of the north or south meridian, when it is to the right or left of a person, whose face is turned towards the north or south. Bearing on different sides of a meridian. Two lines are said to bear OH different sides of a meridian, when the one bears on the east side, and the other on the west side thereof. A Bord is an excavation in a seam of coal driven in a direction across iti fibres. A Drift is a narrow excavation driven in any direction in coal or stone. A Headway is an excavation in a seam of coal driven in the direction of its fibres. Different Meridians. When one line bears in a given direction with th north meridian, and another bears in a given direction with the south meridian, those lines are called bearing with different meridians. Also, when one line bears on the east side of the north meridian, and another on the west side of the south meridian, those lines are aid to bear on different sides of different meridians, and vice vend. TREATISE SUBTERRANEOUS SURVEYING, ETC. PART I. GEOMETRICAL PEG BL EMS. 1. To divide a given line AB iwtfo equal parts. WITH any distance greater than half AB, and one foot ot the compasses on A and B, describe two arches cutting each other in C and D ; through the intersecting points CD draw a line CD, which will cut AB in I into equal parts. FIG-. I. \ xt\ 2. To draw a line parallel to a given line CD, to pass through any assigned point A. From the given point A take the nearest distance to the given line CD ; with that F 1 . 2 . distance, and one foot of g the compasses, any where /'' \ towards C describe an / \ ,/ arch O ; through A draw ' \., ..X' a line AB, just to touch the arch O in O ; and the line AB will be the paralle. required. B SUBTER11ASEOUS SURVEYING, ETC. 3. To raise a perpendicular from a given point P in a given no. a. \ From the given point P describe the arch FD ; take PF, and set from F to C, and from C to D ; then wit 1 ! any con- venient distance from C and D describe the arches O, and through their point of inter- section from the point P draw _ 8 the line PO, the perpendi- cular required. 4. To raise a perpendicular from a given point A, at the end of a given line AB. Set one foot of the compasses on A, and extend the FiGi4. other to any point C, above the line AB ; on the centre C describe the semicircle FAP, to cut AB in F ; draw FC cutting the semi- circle in P ; then draw AP, which AM N/ p will be perpendicular to AB. y F 5. From a given point P to let fall a perpendicular upon a given line AB. FIG s On the given point P as a centre, describe the arch EF to cut AB in E and F; with any convenient distance, and one foot / of the compasses on E and F, E B describe two arches to cut each other in I ; through P and I draw PI, which is perpendicular to AB, V 1 * I ^ GEOMETRICAL PEOBLEMS. n G, 6. FIG, 7. 6. To make an angle ABC equal to a given angle CDE. With any convenient extent of the compasses, and one foot on D, draw the arch FGr ; equal to the measure of the given angle D draw a line BC, and with the distance DF de- scribe the arch HI ; then make the arch HI equal to the arch FG-, and through I draw the line BA, forming the angle ; so the angle ABC is equal to the angle CDE. 7. To lay down an angle FDGr equal to any determined number of degrees, which suppose 35 Draw the line DF at pleasure, and with 60 off the scale of chords describe the arch EH on the centre D ; from the same chords take 35 (the quantity of the angle), and lay upon the arch from E to H, through which from D draw the line DGr, and the angle FDQ- will contain just 35. 8. To determine the number of degrees contained in any angle, suppose angle FDGL With 60, taken from the scale of chords, describe the arch EH ; then extend the compasses from E to H, and observe, on the same line of chords, what number of degrees the extension measures, which will be the measure of the angle EDH. Or, apply the centre of the protractor to the angular point D, and bring its straight edge upon the line DF, and the degree the other line cuts on the divided arch ia tlie measure of the angle, B 2 SUBTERRANEOUS ETC. EJ- THEOREMS. 1. Every right angle, as ACB, contains 90 degrees or PIG 8 equal parts. 2. Every circle ABDE, is supposed to have its peri- phery divided into, or to con- tain. 360 equal parts, called degrees, and tho^e degrees are divided into 60 equal parts, called minutes, and each mi- nute is divided again into 60 equal parts, called seconds, &c. 3. Every circle AD, con- tains four right angles, at angles ACB ; BCD, DCE, and EGA, which, from theorem 1, must contain 90 each. 4. Eyery semicircle EAB, contains two right angles, as angles EGA and ACB, which, from theorem 1, must contain 90 each. Draw the diameter AD, which will divide the circle EABD into two equal parts EAB and EDB, each con- taining a semicircle, or 180 ; if, therefore, a line AC be drawn perpendicular to EB from the centre C, it will divide the semicircle EAB into two equal parts, making two right angles EGA, ACB. 5. If any right line AY \ / stands upon another right line \ v /'' DZ, it will make therewith "* -, ~* two i:ght angles, or two angles whose sum is equal to two right angles. (Euc. b. 1, p. 13.) If a line AY, be drawn from any pnrt Y of the circumference to A, it will THEOREMS. FIG. 10. divide the semicircle DXZ into two unequal parts, making the angles DAY, YAZ, unequal ; but these two angles are equal to a semicircle, or two right angles. 6. If two right lines IL, KM, intersect each other, the opposite angles A and C, as also B and D, are equal ; that is, the angle A = the angle C, and the angle B = the angle D. (Euc. b. 1, p. 15.) 7. If a right line OB, cuts two parallel right lines NP and SQ, the alternate angles NaE, QbO, are equal, and consequently the lines parallel. (Euc. b. 1, p. 29.) 8. If any side of a right-lined triangle be continued, see fig. 12, the external angle is equal to the sum of the two opposite in- ternal ones. (Euc. b. 1, p. 32.) Let UST be the given tri- angle ; then the L STZ is = L STJT + Z TJST, = the sum of the opposite internal angles. 9. The three angles of any triangle are together equal to two right angles, or 180. (Euc. b. 1, p. 32.) See fig, 12. In the triangle STU, the TSU L STU 4- L TSU 4- Z $UT = 180, or two right angles. 10. The sides of similar triangles are proportional, and the angles subtended by proportional or equal sides are equal. (Euc. b. 6, p. 45.) 11. In any four-sided right-lined figure, called a square parallelogram, rhombus, trapezium, &c., the sum of tin* STJBTEEEANEOTJS , ETC. four angles is equal to four right angles, or 3 60.- -(Euc. b. 1, p. 32.) 12. The sum of all the angles of any right-lined figure (though it contain never so many sides) is equal to double as many right angles, abating four, as there are sides in the figure. (Euc. b. 1, p. 32.) 13. In right-lined triangles, equal sides subtend equal angles (Euc. b. 1, p. 5). The greatest side subtends the greatest angle (Euc. b. 1, p. 19), and the least side sub- tends the least angle. 14. An angle in a semicircle is a right augle ; or if two F i & . 13 . lines, as TB, SB, be drawn from T and S (the ends of the diameter) to B in the circumference, they will form a rig\t angle TBS. (Euc. b. 3, p. ? L.) 15. In any right-angled tri- angle, the square of the hypo- thenuse (or \ongest side) is equal to the su so that the proper situation of F, or any other part of the subterraneous working, may be shown with THEOREMS. 33 respect to the two pits.) If the bearing and distance of the pit G from that of A cannot be got at once, by the interposition of any building or other obstruction, it must be taken at two or three, or more, different bearings. THE SUBVEY COMMENCING AT THE PIT A. Chains. From A to B N. 30 W. 5-50 BtoG N. 45 E. 7-00 C fco D N. 50 W. 5-00 D to F N. 85 E. 7'00 The bearing and dis- tance of the sinking pit G- from the pit A, taken on the surface. A to G N. 45 E. 18-00 (17.) Suppose the subterraneous workings CDFGHI KBLMOP are required to be surveyed, beginning at the pit A : Fix the instrument at A, and take the bearing and distance of the headways AC (as before shown), which suppose S 10 E 3-10 chains. At 80 links is a bord 1 to the right and left, holed into the headways each way ; at 1-GO chains is a bord 2 to the right and left, holed each way ; at 2 '40 chains is a bord 3 to the right, 1 chain to the face, and to the left holed into the headways. Take the bearing and distance of A, which suppose S 80 W 1*60 chains : At 1*30 chains is a headways E to the right and left, and a mark * to return to. Take the bearing and distance of 0G-, which suppose S. 70 W. T80 chains : At 80 links is a headways b to the right, and a mark * to return to; and at T20 chains is a headways Y to the left, and a mark + to return to. Take the bearing and distance of the headways ED (by fixing the instrument at the mark at E), which suppose S 8 W 2'50 chains : At 70 links is a bord 4 to the right and left, and holed each way ; at 1-50 chains is a bord 5 to the right and left, and holed each c 3 34 SUBTERRANEOUS SURTETING, ETC. way. Take the bearing and distance of the headways YF (by fixing the instrument at the mark at Y), which suppose o S 10 W 2 40 chains : At 80 links is a bord 6 to the right 1'30 chains to the face, and to the left holed into the head- ways ; at 1*60 chains is a bord 7 to the right 1 chain to the face, and to the left holed into the headways. Take the bearing and distance of the headways AK (by fixing the 35 instrument at A), which suppose N 10 W 4'20 chains : At 80 links is a bord 8 to the right and left, and holed into the headways each way ; at 1*70 chains is a bord 9 to the right and left, and holed into the headways each way ; at 2*50 chains is a bord 10 to the right and left, and holed into the headways each way; at 3'30 chains is a bord 11 to the right, and holed into the headways, and none to the left. Take the bearing and distance of the headways E/I (by fixing the instrument at the mark at H), which suppose N 2 W 3 chains : At 80 links is a bord 12 to the right and left, and holed into the headways each way ; at 1*60 chains is a bord 13 to the right and left, and holed into the headways each way ; at 2 '40 chains is a bord 14 to the right and left, and holed into the headways each way. Take the bearing and distance of the headways 5H (by fixing the instrument at the mark at 5), which suppose N 1 W 5 chains: At 80 links is a bord 15 holed into the headways to the right, and to the left 90 links to the face; at T70 chains is a bord 16 holed into the headways to the right, and to the left 60 links to the face ; at 2 55 chains is a bord 17 holed into the headways to the right, and to the left 60 links to the face ; at 3'40 chains is a bord 18 to the right 50 links to the face, and to the left 55 links to the face. Take the bearing and distance of AM (by fixing the instrument at A), which suppose N 85 E 2' 80 chains : At T30 chains is a headways X to the right and to the left, and a mark -f- to return to ; at 2'50 chains is a headways Q to the right and to the left, and a mark * to return to. Take the bearing and distance of the head- ways XP (by fixing the instrument at the mark X), which suppose S 5 E 3'10 chains : At 75 links is a bord 19 to the right and left, and holed into the headways each way ; at 1*60 chains is a bord 20 to the right and left, and holed into the headways each way ; at 2*40 chains is a bord 21 to the right, and holed into the headways, and none to the left. Take the bearing and distance of the headways SUBTERRANEOUS SURVEYING, ETC. QO (by fixing the instrument at the mark Q), which suppose S 4 E 2 30 chains: At 80 links is a bord 22 to the right, and holed into the headways, and to the left 40 links to the face ; at 1/60 chains is a bord 23 to the right, holed into the headways, and none to the left. Take the bearing and distance of the headways XTZB (by fixing the instrument at the mark X), which" suppose from X to Y N 2 W 2'80 chains : At 90 links is a bord 24 to the right and left, and holed into the headways each way ; at 1*70 chains is a bord 25 to the right and left, and holed into the headways each way ; at 2'60 chains is a bord 26 to the right and left, and holed into the headways each. Take the bearing and dis- tance of YZ (by fixing the instrument at Y), which suppose N 5 W 2 chains : At 60 links is a bord 27 to the left, holed into the headways, and none to the right ; at 1-50 chains is a bord 28 to the left 30 links, and none to the right. Take the bearing and distance of ZB (by fixing the instrument at Z), which suppose N" 3 "W 2*30 chains, to a pit B. Lastly, take the bearing and distance of the head- ways QL (by fixing the instrument at the mark Q), which suppose N 2 W 3'60 chains : At 80 links is a bord 29 to the left, holed into the headways, and to the right 30 links to the face ; at 1 link is a bord 30 to the left, holed into the headways, and to the right 20 links to the face ; at 2 -60 chains is a bord 31 to the left, holed into the head- ways, and none to the right. See the survey-book, where the whole is recorded : THEOREMS. 37 SURVEY BOOK. A SURVEY OF A PIT'S WORKINGS, COMMENCING AT THE PIT A. Bearings. Remarks to Left. Dist. Remarks to Right. Chains. S. 10 E. . . . 3-10 . AC Bord holed 0'80 Bord h >led Bord holed . . . 1-60 Bord holed Bord holed 2-40 Burd 1 chain from the headways S. 80 W. . 1-60 Aa Headways 1-30 Headways And a chalk mark * at R to return to S. 70 W. . . . 1-80 . aG 0'80 A headways b, and a chalk mark * to return to Headways V, and a 1-20 chalk mark * to return to S. 8 W. 2-50 RD Bord holed . . 070 Bord holed Bord holed . . . 0-50 Bord holed Returned to the mark * atV S. 10 W. . . 2-40 . VF Bord holed . . . 0'80 Bord 1'30 chain from the headways Bord holed 1-60 Bord 1 chain from the headways Returned to the pit A N. 10 W. 4-20 . AK Bord holed 0-80 Bord holed Bord holed . . . 1-70 Bord holed Bord holed 2-50 Bord holed None . . . . 3-30 Bord holed Returned to the mark * at R N. 2 W. 3-00 . RI Bord holed . . . 0-80 Bord holed \ Bord holed 1-60 Bord holed Bord holed . . . 2-40 Bord holed Returned to the mark * at b N. 1 W. 5-00 m Bord 90 links from 0'80 Bord holed the headways Bord 60 links from 1-70 Bord holed the headways 38 SUBTERRANEOUS SURVEYING, ETC. Bearings. Remarks to Left. Dist. Remarks to Right. 1 Chains. Bord 60 links from 2-55 Bord holed the headways Bord 55 links from 3-40 Bord 50 links from the headways Returned to the pit A the headways N. 85 E. . ... 2-80 AM Headways 1-30 Headways And a chalk mark * at X to return to Headways 2-50 Headways And a chalk mark * at Q to return to Returned to the mark * at X a 5 E. . . . 3-10 , t XP Bord holed 075 Bord holed Bord holed . . . 1-60 Bord holed None 2-40 Bord holed Returned to the mark * at Q S. 4 E. . . . 2-30 QO Bord 40 links from 0-80 Bord holed the headways None 1-60 Bord holed Returned to the mark * at X N. 2 W. . . 2-80 XY Bord holed 0-90 Bord holed Bord holed . . . 1-70 Bord holed Bord holed 2-b'O Bord holed N. 5 W. 2-00 . YZ Bord holed 0'60 None Bord 30 links from 1-50 None the headways N. 3 W. . . 2-30 To pit B ZB Returned to the mark * atQ N. 2 W. . . . . . 3-60 . . QL Bord holed 0-80 Bord 30 links from the headways Bord holed . . . 170 Bord 20 links from the headways j Bord holed 2-60 None 1 Note. When marks are made to be returned to in the survey, observe that they are returned to, otherwise the survey will be defective ; and \vhen the new method of taking the angles, given in Arts. 20 and 21, is adopted, the angles, thus taken, must be inserted instead of the bearings, the column being headed "angles" instead of ' " THEOREMS. S The Back-Sight. (18.) Suppose the bearing and distance of B from the pit A is required : Fix the instrument at B, instead of A (keeping the same sight foremost, i N and pointing towards 5, when it is placed in the situation of B, as if it had been placed in the situation of A, for the purpose of taking the bearing of B) ; then apply the eye at the sight furthest distant from A, turning the same until the light at the pit A is cut by the perpendi- cular hair in the other; observe then the bearing of A from B, which, suppose S 30 E, on being reversed (see p. 17), will become N 30 W, for the bear- ing of B from A, the distance, being measured, is found to be 3 chains; making the bearing and distance of B from A N 30 W 3 chains. Bearings taken in this way are taken in a direction contrary to the order of the survey, and the eye is applied at the contrary sight to that which it would be applied when direct bearings are taken. (19.) Suppose the bearing of ABCDFG and H is required, c making use of the back-sight throughout the survey : Fix the instrument at B, instead of A, directing that sight towards A which, in the situation of A, would have been hindmost, FIC 52 40 SUBTERRANEOUS SURVEYING, ETC. in the manner before directed ; then the bearing A from B being found to be N 45 E, on being reversed makes S 45 W, the bearing of B from A, which enter into the survey-book. The instrument standing at B, turn that sight towards C which pointed to a, and take the bear- ing of C from B, which being found N 75 W, enter the same into the survey-book, without reversing, as it is not a backsight. Remove the instrument from B to D, and direct the sight back to C from D, in the same manner as from B to A : The bearing then of C from D being found S .10 W, which, being reversed, will be N 10 E, the bearing of D from C, which enter into the survey-book. Then take the bearing of E from D, which being found N 80 E, enter the same into the survey-book, without reversing. Lastly, remove the instrument to Gr ; then take the back-sight from Gr to F, which being found S 15 E, on being re- versed will be N 15 W, the bearing of Gr from E, which being entered into the survey-book, then take the bearing of H from Gr ; which suppose N 30 E, which enter also into the survey-book, without reversing, and the survey is finished. By this mode of taking bearings, the instrument is only removed half the number of times it would otherwise be, were the back-sights not taken. SURVEY- BOOK. The bearing of B from A, S. 45 W. C from B, N. 75 W. D from C, N. 10 e E. F from D, N. 80 E. G from F, N. 15 W. H from G, N. 30 E. PART II. ON SURVEYING^ SUBTERRANEOUS EXCAVA- TIONS WITHOUT THE GENERAL USE OF THE NEEDLE. IT lias long been found that the conducting of subter- raneous surveys requires strict attention in guarding against the presence of ferruginous substances, which exist in almost all mines, and which, it is well known, affect the magnetic needle, so as to cause it to give erroneous indications. On this account Mr. Fenwick was induced, as long ago as 1822 (when the second edition of his work was published), to suggest to the surveyor of mines the following new method, in which the needle has no control except in the first departure* The use of the instrument.* Suppose the subterraneous excavation ABCDEF to be surveyed beginning at the pit A, and terminating at the pit F. (20.) Place the instrument at B, and turning it until the vanes at zero cut the lighted candle at the centre of the pit A, which suppose N 65 E ; and suppose AB to be 3 chains, the fixed sight at still remaining as before ; screw the instrument fast, and turn the inoveable sights so as to cut a candle placed at C, taking care that the instru- * The improved Circumferentor, by Elliott Brothers, 30, Strand, London, which is still much used, especially in secondary mining surveys ; but the modern improved theodolite is much to be preferred. See Heather** Treatise on Mathematical Instruments, WeaWs Series. 42 SURVEYING SUBTERRANEOUS EXCAVATIONS ment has remained immovable. If so, read off tlie angle, which the index makes with the moveable circle, which sup- FIG. 33. pose 120 ; then the angle ABC is 120, that is, the excava- tions BC and AB make an angle of 120. Removing the instrument to C, turn the sights and index so as to cut the candle at B, keeping the instrument immovable ; then turn the sights to the candle at D, reading off the angle BCD, which suppose 80; and measure CB, which call 5 chains. Remove the instrument next to D, measuring the distance CD, which call 3 chains ; and turn the sights and index to the candle at C, the instrument, as before, being kept immovable ; turn the sights to the candle E observe the angle CDE, which suppose 70, and let the distance DE be 4 chains. Remove the instrument to E and turn the sight and index to the candle at D, keeping the instrument immovable; turn the sight to the candk at E, and observing the angle DEF SB 160 ; lastly, measure the distance EF, which call 6 chains, and the survey it completed. The following method of conducting subterraneous survey entirely without the use of the magnetic needle, was sug gested by Mr. T. Baker (who has now made the presem WITHOUT THE USE OF THE NEEDLE. 43 additions and improvements to the new edition of Mr. Fenwiek's "Subterraneous Surveying"), at least 35 years ago ; but it was ridiculed by the then colliery surveyors ; yet is now recommended and adopted by several scientific mining surveyors ; among whom I may name Mr. H. Mackworth ; .who has given more elaborate details for con- ducting these surveys than those in the preceding article : Mr. M.'s improvements on Mr. Baker's suggestion are given in the following article. (21.) To commence a survey without the magnetic needle, where there is only one shaft to the mine, the following plan should be adopted. Two thin copper wires, carrying heavy weights, must be suspended from a strong straight edge, at the surface of the shaft, and as near the edges of the shaft as not to touch them, the weights reaching nearly to the bottom of the shaft; while the weights must be immersed in buckets of water, or what would be still better, in vessels filled with mercury, to dimmish oscillation, which will still continue, if the shaft is deep ; but in the latter case, for only a very short time. The observer standing behind the wires must next send a candle along the head- ing, as far as it can be seen, and have it fixed in a line with the wires. He should repeat the operation in the opposite direction, by placing a candle against one of the wires, that the whole may be checked by seeing that the three candles are exactly in a line. This line being the basis of the whole underground survey, must be permanently marked by four or more pegs driven into the roof, with nails in them, or by marks on cross timbers or masonry. Returning to the surface, permanent pegs should be placed at some chains 1 distance, on each side of the shaft, in a Hue with the wires, as G- and H (see last fig). We then obtain a line on the surface exactly corresponding with the base line of our operation underground. The same process may be adopted, if there is more than one shaft to a mine ; but it is not generally desirable to repeat it at more than one 44 SURVEYING- SUBTERKASEOtJS EXCAVATIONS shaft, A few hours' labour in getting the fundamental lines permanently fixed and connected, before commencing the survey, is afterwards well repaid. The angular instrument used for this purpose ought to be the modern improved theodolite (see the foot-note to last article). Three tripods should be provided, and two Jarnps on stands, fitting on the tripod, of such a height that, when the lamp is replaced by the theodolite, the fulcrum ot the axis of the telescope must be of the same height as the top of the wick in the lamp, a tripod with a lamp being placed under the centre of the shaft, at some well-marked station ; the second tripod is fixed with the theodolite upon it, as far along the base-line as the light at the bottom of the shaft can be seen. The theodolite is clamped to zero. The third tripod with the other lamp on it, is sent as far forward as the light can be seen from the theodolite. The depth of the top of the wick in the first lamp below the top of the shaft having been ascertained, we carry on a series of levelling with the vertical arc of the theodolite all through the mine, at the same time as the horizontal angles and the measurement of the lines are taken. The telescope of the theodolite being directed to. the top of the wick of the first lamp, the angle of elevation or depression is read. The lower limb being then clamped, and the upper relaxed, the horizontal angle is then read to the second lamp, and at the same time its angle of elevation or depres- sion is read. The distance having been carefully measured, the first tripod is taken up, and carried forward beyond the third tripod, a lamp is placed on the second tripod, and the theodolite on the third tripod, when the observation of the angles are repeated as before. (22.) The leading feature of Mr. A. Beauland's plan (see "Mining Surveys, Institute of Mining Engineers, Newcastle-upon-Tyne ") consists in a method of fixing a bearing, or meridian line at the bottom of the pit, the direction of which is determined, either with reference to WITHOUT THE USE OF THE KEEDLE. 45 the true meridian, or with respect to some Hue arbitrarily fixed on the surface, as PQ, fig. to Art. 20. By this means the underground survey can be commenced, and carried forward to any extent, by means of the theodolite, and is properly connected with the surface, the whole process being effected without the aid of the magnetic compass. This method is Mr. B.'s own invention, or, at least, he is not aware that the idea has ever been carried out before, or has ever occurred to any one else, though of course it is quite possible that he may not be the first person who has thought of such a plan. The process is effected by means of a powerful transit instrument, mounted in the line of the shaft, either at the top or bottom as may be most convenient. For simplicity, suppose the instrument to be at the top of the shaft. It is fixed and properly adjusted on a very firm support, which must be so arranged as not to interrupt the view of the telescope, when pointed vertically down the shaft. Two marks are then fixed at the bottom of the pit, as nearly as may be in the same vertical plane as the transit, so that each of them can be seen through the telescope, and appear in the centre of the field of view. These marks are rendered visible by the light of a strong lamp reflected upwards, and are likewise so arranged that both can be s<:en by a theodolite placed at the bottom in a horizontal line with them. They are made as small as will allow of their being observed by the transit at the top, and are of such form that they can be bisected by the wires with great precision, the marks being as far apart as possible. If now, on pointing the instrument downwards, each of the marks be exactly bisected by the middle wire, it is evident that the horizontal line, in which the marks are placed, coincides with the vertical plane of the instrument, and is, therefore, parallel to the positiou of the telescope when pointed horizontally. In this case, therefore, we have two lines, one at the top of the shaft, represented by 16 SURVEYING SUBTERRANEOUS EXCAVATIONS. the optical axis of the telescope when pointed horizontally the other the line joining the centres of the two illuminated marks at the bottom, and the bearing of the instrument being determined, either with respect to the meridian, or to some determinate line, which can be connected with the surface survey, that of the line of direction of the marks below is ascertained at the same time. This, however, is on the supposition, that each of the marks is seen precisely in the centre of the telescope. If this condition is not exactly fulfilled, the marks being a little out of the centre of the field of view, the apparent distance of each mark from the middle wire is accurately measured by a micrometer, or some other means, and from these distances, the angular deviation of the line of the marks from the plane of the instrument is determined by calculation. Having found the amount of this deviation, the bearing of the line of marks is at once deduced from that of the instrument, and the connection between the surface and underground survey, made as in the former case. It is necessary, in order to complete the process, that permanent marks should be fixed above and below, the marks above ground being set out in some given direction, with respect to the plane of the telescope; those below, with respect to the illuminated marks, which, as well as the instrument, must be removed from their places in the line of the shaft, before the colliery can resume working. Wherever the nature of the ground, or erections on the surface, admit of it, marks may be placed at once in the direction of the instrument above being set out in any convenient positions, coinciding with the middle wire of the telescope. These permanent marks should of course be placed so that one of them can be seen from the other, it is also desirable to have them conveniently placed for the commencement of the surface survey. \Vhere, however, it is not practicable to set out a line in the direction of the transit, owing to obstructions, some PLOTTING SURVEYS. 47 other direction must be taken, one mark being fixed in the line of the instrument, and the other at any point at a con- venient distance, and visible from the first. The direction of the permanent line will, of course, be determined with respect to that of the transit, by setting up the theodolite at the nearer station, and measuring the angle between the direction of the transit and that of the further station. The permanent marks fixed at the bottom of the pit are fixed in like manner, and their direction determined from that of the illuminated marks, by the aid of the theodolite, which is placed at some point near the shaft, in the line of the illuminated marks, and from which a more distant point can be seen. A permanent mark is then fixed at the place occupied by the theodolite, and another at the more distant point referred to, which may be chosen convenient for the commencement of the underground survey. Mr. A. B. has thus endeavoured to explain, somewhat briefly, but he trusts with sufficient distinctness, the method by which the underground survey may be connected with the surface. It will scarcely be necessary for him to observe, that the whole process is one requiring great care, and an intimate acquaintance with the use and manipula- tion of the instruments, such as can scarcely be acquired without considerable expense. With proper management, however, and a transit of sufficient size and power, he believes the bearing may generally be fixed at the bottom of the pit without any error exceeding one minute of an arc, a degree of precision amply sufficient for all practical purposes. On plotting subterraneous surveys. (23.) Plotting may be divided into two kinds : The first kind, the communicating of bearings and distances of a subterraneous survey to paper, for the purpose of planning the same ; the second kind, the manner of running on the surface of the earth the different bearings or angles and distances, in the same order as they were taken under- 48 SURVEYING SUBTERRANEOUS EXCAVATIONS FIG. 34. ground in the survey. In the first mode, the protractor, for setting off the angles contained in each bearing, and a scale of chains and links, for transferring the distances, are requisite ; and in the second mode, the circumferentor or theodolite, and Counter's chain. Observe, in running off the bearings on the surface, that the same instrument be made use of as in the subterraneous survey; and also let the same end of the needle, when used, determine the angles of the bearings as determined them under-ground. This last precaution is not necessary when the magnetic needle is not used. (24.) Let ABCD represent a protractor, which is a cir- cular rim of brass, and E its centre, of about 9 inches diameter, divided into degrees, and each de- gree in quarters of a degree, commencing from the north and south points A and B and numbered up to 90 atC and D. Also abc represents a semi- circular protractor, which for many pur- poses, is more com- modious than the circular one, ab re- presenting the meri- dian, and e its centre. These, instruments are manufactured by Messrs. Elliott Bro- thers, 30, Strand, London. In using this in- strument in plotting bearings, the meridian line AB or ab, WITH OH WITHOUT THE USE OF THE NEEDLE. FIG.35. must be applied to the assumed meridian line drawn on paper; and if a line Ee is drawn from the centre E, through the 50th degree or division from B to C, supposing AB the meridian, A the north, and B the south ; then Ee will be N 50 W (see theorem 17), and the line E/ passing through the 20th degree or division, will be N 20 E. (25.) Suppose the following bearings and distances to be plotted on paper AB, N. 45 W. . . .10 chains. BC, N. 10 E. . . . 7 ,, CD, S. 50 E. . . * 6 ,, Proceed thus : Draw the meridian line NS on the paper where the work has to be plotted, N for north, and S for south ; then fix on any place on that meridian line for the commencement of the work, as at the pit A; apply the meridian lin(, AB of the protractor on the as- sumed meridian, with its centre E on A ; let nesw represent the protractor, n corresponding with N the north, and s with S the south, e will represent the east, and w the west ; then draw the line AB from the centre of the protractor at A through the 45th degree from n towards w, or west, and it will represent N 45 W : Also from the scale of chains take 10 with the compasses, and setting the same from A to B, and AB will represent the first bearing and distance N 45 "W, 10 chains : by the assist- ance of a parallel ruler, or any other method, draw the second meridian line ns, through B, parallel to that drawn through A ; apply the protractor D 50 SURVEYING STJBTEREANEOTJS EXCAYATIOtfS as before directed, with its centre on the point B ; dra the line BC from the centre of the protractor at 1 through the 10th degree from n towards 0, and it wi represent N 10 E : Then from the scale of chains take with the compasses, setting the same from B to C, and B will represent the second bearing and distance ; then dra the third parallel line ns through C ; apply the protractc as before, with its centre on C ; draw the line CD throug the 50th degree from s towards e, and it will represei S 50 E : Then take 6 chains from the scale, setting tt same from C to D, and CD will represent the third bearir and distance ; and the whole will be plotted. Note. The student ought now to lay down on paper the several survej commencing at Art. 12, not only by the old method of bearings, taken 1 the magnetic needle, but also by the modern and more accurate method given in Arts. 20, 21, and 22 (the methods given in the several articl not differing materially except at the commencement of the surveys), th he may thus acquire a skilful aud ready method of performing this impo tant part of his profession. See tbe following article, (250.) Let the following angles and distances, taken in coal-mine, be laid down on paper (see fig. to Art. 20). Let NS be the true meridian, obtained by making prop* allowance for the magnetic variation ; and let the followin distances be measured, and angles be taken in a coal-mir as below : - DISTANCES. AB = 3-12 chains. BC=i4-96 CD = 2-89 DE = 4-17 ANGLES. NAB = 64 39' ABC = 118 19' BCD = 79 15' CDE = 61 5' DEF =: 158 57' Draw the meridian line NS, N representing the nort point, and let A in the line NS be the pit where the woi Js to commence ; lay off from the meridian line NS by tl: protractor, the angle NAB = 64 39', in the manner alread directed ; and from a scale of equal parts, lay off the dli "WITH OR WITHOUT THE USE OF THE NEEDLE. 61 tance AB = 3'12 chains, and extend the line, if necessary ; next apply the line AB of the protractor on the line AB on the plan, the centre E of the protractor being applied to the angular point B : then lay off the angle ABC =118 19' ; and the distance BC = 4*96 chains ; apply the protractor to the line BC, 4'12 chains, leaves 1*44 chains, 50 for the easting of the bearings ABC from NS, the assumed meri- dian of A : The westing of the bearing S 75 W, 10 chains from C will be found to be 9*66 chains 0^, from which take 1*44 chains of easting 50, leaves Ig or cD 8 '22 chains for the westing of the bearings A BCD from NS : The westing of the bearing N 42 W, 7*50 chains from D will be found to be 4*97 chains DZ, which, being added to 8*22 chains cD, makes cl or eY 13*19 chains for the westing of the bearings ABCDF from NS. Now, to prepare the survey for plotting, the next thing is to assume another meridian, which shall be to the west of the westmost bearing of the survey from NS ; and from this second meridian find the easting of the end of each bearing from it (see the 8th column of the table). The greatest westing of the bearing from NS is eF, or cl 13 f 19 chains : Suppose, then, this second assumed meridian line to be ns 14 chains AO west of the first meri- dian line NS, place the 14 chains at the top of the 8th column of the following table, which is the distance that the point A is eastward of ns : Then 14 chains ha + 4- 12 chains aB = 18'12 chains 7*B, the distance that B is east of ns ; which place in the 8th column : Then 14 chains + 1 P 44 chains 5C = 15*44 chains &C, the easting of C from ns: Then 14 chains 8'22 chains cD = 5'78 chains 0D, the easting of D from ns : Lastly, 14 chains 13*19 chains 0F = 81 links mF, the easting of F from ns; which, being all entered in the 8th column of the following table, the survey will be prepared for plotting. 56 SURVEYING SUBTERRANEOUS EXCAVATIONS .S'o 3 2 .W M p4 W . JTS ^ .So 2 ^ ^ So 00 ill!' 5 ,fl -* 00 U3 b o r-l - r-t ^ pq P ^ O - -^ o g ".2-34 Iff* . o H "S T< ^ C^ T-H ** fill ^q -* r-< oo co w 1 J a * s ^ s fl.2- CD 5g g S -3 5 5 3 . ! g 00 t^ 1 s ^ ^P 9 s 1 3, ^ a I 03 I v 6 " ; 9 00 bb 1 .s S g ,J3 O (N <^l . 1 -0 ^ 8 rO bfl 1 S Oi I Si::- ft ^ O O O O g ip ^4 Ij H ^ ^* ^= |" o c^ Sa 01 CO ^*< t- -^* i od cd OQ $25 ** PQ W W 1 3 WITH OB WITHOUT THE tTSE Otf THE NEEDLE. 57 In order to plot the survey, fix the paper on the drawing- board or table G-HIK ; then draw the meridian line ns by the application of the T square, n representing the north and s the south ; let O be the point for the commencement of the work, and from the 6th column of the table set off the different southings ; 1st, 5 '66 chains Aa from O to &, being the southing of the bearing AB; 2dly, 8'63 chains Ab from O to &, the southing of the bearings and distances A B and BC ; 3rdly, 11*22 chains Ac from O to0, the southing of the bearings and distances AB, BC, and CD ; and 4thly, 5 '67 chains Ae from O to m t the southing of the bearing and distances AB, BC, CD, and DF. This being done, apply the T square to the side GK, its arm crossing the meridian line ns at right angles ; then from the 8th column of the table set off 14 chains of easting from O to A, and A denotes the place of commencement of the survey, or point of departure : Move the T square down the side G.K until its arm comes to h ; then set off 18*12 chains of easting from h to B, draw the line AB, and it represents the first bearing and dis- tance ; move the T square until the arm comes to &, then setting off 15*44 chains of easting from Jc to C, draw the line BC, and it represents the second bearing and distance ; move the T square to 0, then setting off 5 78 chains of east- ing from o to D, draw the line CD, and it represents the third bearing and distance ; more the T square to m, then setting off 81 links of easting from m to F, draw the line DF, and it represents the fourth and last bearing and dis- tance. Then the whole survey will be plotted. Next plot this survey from the given data by laying off the several angles as directed in Arts. 20 and 21, the bearings being previously reduced to the angles which the successive distances make with one another by Art. 6 ; also plot the surveys, given in Arts. 30 and 31, in the same manner. (30.) Suppose the following subterraneous survey to be plotted, beginning at the pit A : SURVEYING SUBTERRANEOUS EXCAVATIONS FIG, 38. Chains. AB, N. 42 E. 5-00 BC, E. 4-00 CD, N. 9E. 4-00 At 4 chains is a mark * to return to. DF, S. 69 E. 5-66 Returned to mark *. DG, S. 36 E. 7'00 GH, S. 42 W. 4-00 Prepare the survey for plotting, by taking the northing, southing, easting, and westing of each bearing from the traverse tables. The northing and easting of the first bearing and distance N 42 E, 5 chains, will be northing 3*72 chains, and easting 3*35 chains (which see in the following preparatory table, together with the northing; southing, easting, and westing of all the others). Then find the northing and southing of the bearings conjointly from the commencement of the sur- rey at the pit A, which is had from the 2nd and 3rd column of the table : The northing of the first bearing and distance will be found to be 3*72 chains ; which place in the 6th column of the table : That of the second bearing and dis- tance will be also 3'72 chains ; that of the third, 3 72 chains + 3*95 = 7*67 chains; and so of all the rest. Also take the easting and westing of each bearing and distance from the meridian of the pit A, which is had from the 4th and 5th column of the table : The easting of the first bear- ing and distance will be found 3*35 chains ; which place in the 7th column of the table : That of the second will be 3*35 * 4 chains = 7*35 chains of easting ; and so of all the WITH OB WITHOUT THE tJSE OF THE NEEDLE. 59 i 00 :!!i a to xo oo O5 g CO CO O5 rH TH CO co co Jg-5 s a M q CO <> CO t- ^ B5.S3 lii^ K H H H w w tcbcS i fl O O OO O5 r-l CO *^ J CO CO O5 i-H CO CO U3 '* *rj gco t- t^ co i 1 i 1 w M s "^ w ^ eS'S g " " ^* ^* & DQ . pf ^2 fl d d t> l> rH CO ' if 3 JH (> t>. CO CO O O5 i-3 CO CO t MJ O > CO O5 O (N CQ I p O^ lj '3^ : 9 s I . . ^q co eo fc | | S | O O o o r-i 68 S &>3 H W H 'g^. i w is 13 -S C* O5 C5 JH c J CO Od ^ CO t* P 1 CO "^ ^ pq ^ OQ W CQ* ad 3 S.S 60 SURVEYING SUBTERRANEOUS EXCAVATIONS rest : As from the 8th column of the table the end of each bearing in the survey will be east of the meridian NS of A ; therefore no other need be assumed. Fix the paper abed on the drawing-board or table IKLM ; draw a meridian line NS by the application of the T square, and mark A for the pit, and commencement of the work ; then make a mark with the compasses at e, on the meridian line NS, 3*72 chains to the north of A (from the 6th column of the table), which is the northing of the first and second bearing and distance : Make another at/J 7*67 chains from A to the north; another at y, 5*67 chains ; another at h, 1 link to the north of A ; and another at &, 2*96 chains to the south of A : This being done, apply the T square to the side LI, its arm crossing the meridian NS at right angles, and corresponding with e; then set off from e to B, 3*35 chains of easting to the right (from the 8th column of the table), which is the easting of the first bearing and distance : Draw a line from A to B, and AB represents the first bearing and distance: Also set off from e to C, 7*35 chains to the right, and draw the line BC : Remove the arm of the T square to /, and set off from f to D 7*98 chains to the right, and draw the line CD ; there make a mark * to return to : Remove the T square to^, and set off from g to E 13' 19 chains to the right, and draw the line DP : Remove the T square to Ti, and set off from Ti to G 17*31 chains to the right, and draw the line DG from the mark at D : Remove the T square to k, and set off from k to H 14*63 chains to the right, and draw the line GH ; and ABCDFGH vvillrepre- sent the survey protracted. (31.) An example showing that an error, committed during the time of plotting the survey after this method, is not communicated to the following part of the work : Suppose the subterraneous survey ABCDF is required to be plotted. WITH OB WITHOUT THE TJSE OF THE NEEDLE. 61 FIG 39 AB, S. 36* K , BC, S. 42 W. CD, R. 75 W. , DF, N. 42 W. . Chains. . 7-00 . 4-00 , 10-00 . 7-50 (For Preparatory Table see next page. ) Fix the paper on the drawing-board G-HIK, and draw the assumed meridian NS 14 chains west of the meridian of A, which exceeds the greatest westing in the 6th column ; let O be the point thereon for the commencement of the work: Set off, from the 6th column of the table, the different southings from O to a b c y and d respectively ; and from the 8th column of the same table set off the different eastiags from to A, from a to B, from I to C, from c to D, and from d to P ; and ABCDF will represent the survey truly plotted. Now, suppose the plotter, in laying down the eastings in the 8th column of the table, commits an error, by setting off from the assumed meridian 25 '44 chains be, instead of 15*44 chains 50, then the point C will be removed to e, and BC will be represented by Be, and CD by eD ; therefore it appears, from inspecting the figure, that the error will cease at D, and the following bearings, be there ever so many, will be each in the same situation as if no such error had ever existed; which is a peculiar advan- tage in this mode of plotting. 62 SURVEYING SUBTERRANEOUS EXCAVATIONS 00 <4H SO 3 be o be w =3 ^p4 P4 W pq P4 H O . OO i|li r*3 "*& OO ift U5 O O i 1 TH rH *- ||jj M o CN ^ . "E^ * m O OO I 1 O J j tk a 00 CO b S : cp to oi * 1 1 5 : : ; CO 1 ,d OS S CO t^. Oi & o o 6 Q _: O O O p *S *> 4< O b ^ rH rH If P4 ^ ^ ^ a -3 o o o o I CO ^ t- "* m OQ Ot DQ < S, WITH OR WITHOUT THE USE OF THE NEEDLE. 63 The manner of reducing any number of bearings and distances into one bearing and distance. (32.) The practical miner will frequently find it neces- sary to have recourse to this mode of reduction in the plotting of subterraneous surveys on the surface, for the purpose of determining their extent. As when the circum- ferentor is the only instrument used in such works, which in windy weather is both troublesome and fallacious, there- fore, if the whole survey can be reduced to one bearing and distance, or to such a number as may be thought necessary, the labour of protracting will be proportionally reduced, and the work more to be depended on. Suppose the following subterraneous survey ABODE, to be reduced to one single bearing and distance from A toF: AB, S. 36 E. . BC, S. 42 W. CD, S. 75 W. . DF, N. 42 W. THE PREPARATORY TABLE. Chains. AB, S. 36 E. 7'00 BC, S. 42 W. 4-00 CD, S. 75 W. 10-00 DF, N. 42 W. 7'50 Northing. Southing. Easting. Westing. Chains. 5-55 Chains. 5-66 2 97 2-59 Chains. 4-12 Chains. 2-68 9-66 4-97 5-55 NFor Aa 11-22 5-55 5-67 4-12 NAor Fa 17-31 4-12 ] 13-19 j .1 64 SUETETINa SUBTERRANEOUS EXCATATIOKS By taking the northings from the southings, leaves 5- 67 chains of southing of F from A; and by taking the eastings from the westings, leaves 13*19 chains of westing of F from the meridian of A, which form the triangle NAF ; of which JS"A 13-19 chains, NF 5'67 chains, and the right L N, are given, to find the side AF and Z NAF, which is done by trigonometry, as follows : As NA 13-19 1-120245 Is to radius' 10-000000 So is NFS -67 '753583 To tang. ^ NAF 23 15' . . . 9-633338 And as sine ^ A 23 15' . . 9 '596315 Is to NF 5 -67 -753583 So is radius lO'OOOOOO To AF 14-36 . . . . . 1-157268 Or AF may be found thus: Euclid, b. 1, p. 47, -v/ 13-19 + 5-67 = 14-36 chains = AF. Then 90 23 15' = 66 45' L FA*. Therefore the bearing and distance of F from A is S 66 45' W, 14-36 chains. Or the bearing and distance may be found instrumentally, if protracted on paper, by applying the protractor to the meridian line ns, with its centre on the angular point A, observing the magnitude of the Z. FAs, which will be found 66 45' ; and, from theorem 17, the line AF will bear S 66 45' W. The distance may be measured by the scale and compasses. (33.) In a subterraneous survey ABCDF, commencing at the pit A, I wish to have the direct bearing and distance on the surface of F from A ? WITH OE WITHOUT THE USE OF THE NEEDLE. 65 FIG.4I. AB, N. 42 E. BC, E. . CD, N. 9 E. DP, S. 69 E. Chains. Q. , 5-00 5-56 PREPARATORY TABLE. Chains. N. 42 E. 5-00 E. . . 4-00 N. 9 E. 4-00 S. 69 E. 5-56 Northing. Southing. Ee sting. 1 Westmr. Chains. 372 3-95 Chains. 2-00 Chains. 3-35 4-00 0-63 5-21 Chains. 7-67 2-00 2-00 1319 5-67 Now the point F contains 5 chains 67 links of northing AG, and 13*19 chains of easting GF, from the commence- ment A of the survey : Therefore construct the triangle AGF, the line NS representing the meridian, N the north, and S the south ; AG- being given 5'67, and also GF 13'19, and the right L G-, to determine AF and the NAF. >/ 13-19 + 5-67 = 14-36 AF,or the distance of F from A. As AG 5'67 . . . . -753583 Is to radius . ... 10 '000000 SoisGF 13-19 1-120245 To tang. Z A 66 45' . 10-366662 Therefore the bearing and distance of F from A is N G6 45' E, 14'36 chains ; and if that bearing and distance is 68 SURVEYING SUBTERRANEOUS EXCAVATIONS run off by a circumferentor and chain, on the surface fiom A, it will determine the point thereon immediately vertical to the point F in the subterraneous excavation. Also, if the different bearings and distances ABCDF are protracted on paper, on which the triangle AGrF is con- structed, beginning at the point A, and making the side AG the meridian, the end of the last bearing and distance DF will coincide with the angular point F of the triangle, if the survey is rightly protracted. (34.) In the subterraneous survey ABCDFGrH, com- mencing at the pit A, I wish to know the direct bearing and distance of the point D from A, and also the direct bearing and distance of the point H from A, so that a pit may be put down from the surface on each of those points ? AB, N. 42 E. BC, E. . CD, N. 9E. DF, S. 69 E. FG, S. 36 E. GH, S. 42 W. Chains. . 5-00 . 4'OC . 4-00 . 5-56 . 7-00 (See Preparatory Table opposite.; The point D has from A 7*67 chains of northing Aa, and 7*98 chains of easting aD ; and the point H has from A 2-96 chains of southing A5, and 14r63 chains of easting m. Construct the triangle A#D, and let Aa represent 7*67 chains of northing, and aD 7'98 chains of easting; also construct the triangle A5H, and let A5 represent 2'96 chains of southing, and bR 14 63 chains of easting : The side AD WITEI OR WITHOUT THE USE OF THE NEEDLE. G7 PKEPARATORY TABLE. Chains. N. 42 E. 5-00 E. . .4-00 N. 9' E. 4-00 : S. 69 E. 5-56 S. 36 E. 7-00 S. 42 W. 4-00 Northing. Southing. Easting. Westing Chains. 3-72 3-95 Chains. 2-00 5-66 2-97 Chains. 3-35 4-00 0-63 Chains. 2-68 7-67 7'98 5-21 4-12 7-67 10-63 7'67 17-31 2-68 2-68 2-96 14-63 and L NAD is required in the former triangle, and the side AH and L SAH in the latter. Then, as A0 7 '6 7. Is to radius So is D 7 -98 To tang. H from the boundary. At 80 links, in the direction from I to H, run off the bord q 90 links to the left, perpendicular to the headways 6H, and there make a mark at q : Then measure the distance qg, which suppose 70 links, which is the distance of the bord q from the boundary. Erotn T70 chains run off the bord r 60 links to the left, and make a mark at r : Then measure the distance rh, which suppose 1*10 chains, which will be the distance of the bord r from the boundary. Erom 2'55 chains run off the bord s 60 links to the left, and make a in ark at s : Then measure the distance sk, which suppose 1-50 chains, which will be the distance of the bord s from the boundary. Erom 3*40 chains run off the bord t 55 links to the left, and make a mark at t\ Then measure the distance tm, which suppose 1*80 chains, which will be the distance of the bord t from the boundary, and the whole will be finished. (44.) In the following subterraneous survey ABODE, commencing at the pit A, I wish to know the bearing and distance of E from A. : WITH OB WITHOUT THE USE OF THE NEEDLE. 81 F1CSO N. 30 W. N, 45 E. N, 50 W. N. 65 E. Chains. . 5-50 . 7-00 , >'00 7-00 si pq g S CO c* 3 a O rH CO , 1580 11 11 1 1750 17 54' 1612 6 10' I- ! 1760 19 12' 1622 6 0' (^ 1765 20 0' 1633 4 5' i 1770 20 35' 1657 0' J 1775 21 28' 1666 1 35' >* 1777 21 57' 1672 2 30' 1779 22 4' 1683 4 30' 1780 22 26' W. 1692 6 0' 1786 23 19* 1700 8 0' 1789 23 36 ; 1717 10 42' . 1793 23 51' 1724 11 45' 1797 24 2' 1730 13 0' ! 1800 24 6' 1735 14 16' 1803 24 9' 1740 15 40' j 1806 24 15' MAGNETIC VARIATION. VARIATION AT LONDON. Continued. 95 Year. Variation. Tear. Variation. 1809 24 22' \ 1835 23 32' \ 1812 24 28' 1838 23 19' 1815 24 35' 1841 23 6' 1818 24 41' 1844 22 52' 1820 ' 24 32' , W. 1847 22 41' \ W. 1823 24 20' 1850 22 30' 1826 24 8' 1853 22 19' 1829 23 56' 1856 22 8' 1832 23 41' 1858 22 2' Note. By the variation being east or west, is meant that the north end of the magnetic needle is on the east or west side of the true meridian ; and where the variation is called east or west in the following part of this work, it is to be understood that the north end of the magnet 'c needle has east or west variation accordingly, except it is particularly mentioned to the contrary. From the table it appears the magnetic needle had east variation in the year 1576 ; that is, its north end was 11 15' on the east side of the true meridian of London ; and in 1657 the needle was in direction of the true meridian ; and since that time it has been veering about to the west, until it has got upwards of 24 to the westward thereof. Besides this annual variation just mentioned, it has a daily variation. I shall insert a table, showing the diurnal variation taken at different iours of the 27th day of June, 1759, by Mr. Canton. (Phil. Trans., nfl. 51.) Hrs. Min. Declination west. Degrees of Fahrenheit's thermom. 18 18 2' 62 6 4 18 58' 6* Morning . 8 SO 9 2 18 55' 18 54' 65 67 10 20 18 57' 69 I 11 40 19 4' 684 f 50 19 9' 70 1 1 38 19 8' 70 Afternoon . 3 10 7 20 19 8 ; 18 59' 68 61 9 12 19 6' 59 i I 11 40 18 51' 57^ 96 TO FIND THE TRUE MERIDIAN. The mean variation of each month of the year . January . . 7' 8" February . . 8'. 58" March . IV 17" April . . . 12' 26" May . . . 13' 0" June , 13' 21" July . . . 13' 14" August . . . 12' 19" September . .11' 43" October. . . 10' 36" November . . 8' 9" December 6' 58" To find the true meridian. (50.) I shall lay down an easy and comprehensive rule to find the true meridian, which is preparatory to the deter- mining of the magnetic variation of the needle. It is well known that the sun, at 12 o'clock at noon, is due south in all northern latitudes ; and if a pole is set up perpendicular to the horizon, its shadow at that hour will bear exactly north, or in direction of the true meridian ; also the shadow of the pole will be shortest at that precise time. Let ABC be a board perfectly plain and clear of twist- ings, and of a triangular form, each side about 30 inches long, having a number of concentric circles cde about 1J inch asunder, drawn on its surface from a centre a. Now let this board be placed horizontal by means of a spirit level, with its angular point C towards the south ; and at a, the centre of the concentric circles, let there be fixed an upright pin about 10 inches long, exactly perpendicular to the board, and also perpendicular to the horizon. All this being done on a clear day, and before the sun arrives on the meridian of the place of observation, which I shall say about 11 o'clock, then observe carefully the first concentric circle that the end of the shadow of the pin fixed at a touches, which suppose to be at/, and there make a mark : Then ob- serve again carefully when the end of the same shadow touches on the same concentric circle, which will be about 1 o'clock, suppose it to be at g ; there make another mark Then with a pair of compasses divide the distance fg, and TO FIND THE TRUE MERIDIAN. 97 FIG: 63. the point in the middle between which, suppose Ji, will be the direction of the shadow of the pin at 12 o'clock : Con- sequently ah is the direction of the true meridian. Then by placing an upright sight E, with a slit. kk in it, on the table, the centre of which coinciding with the point h, the pin at a having an open- ing in it similar to bb, with a perpen- dicular hair in direc- tion of the opening ; and by looking through the sight E, together with the hair in the centre of the opening in the pin placed at a, the meridian may be ex- tended to any distance S on the surface ; in the direction of which line it will be proper to place two permanent marks, as represented by NS, whose distance may be from 100 to 300 yards, for the purpose of determining at all times the magnetic variation of the needle of the different instruments, made use of in surveying : Such a line every director of mines ought to have marked out in the situation of the mine he directs. (50#.) If the student be acquainted with the application of spherical trigonometry to astronomy, he will find the following method of finding the true meridian to be greatly preferable to that just given. Let S represent the place of the sun's centre, P the north pole, and Z the zenith ; these 98 TO riND THE MAGNETIC VABIATIOtf. three points being the angles of a spherical triangle SPZ (the student can readily draw the figure for himself), in which SZ represents the co-altitude of the sun, when he comes into the direction of the required bearing of the drift in the mine ; SP the sun's co-declination on the day of observation (which will be found in the Nautical Almanack for the year in which the observation is made) ; and PZ the co-latitude of the place of the mine (which is usually well known). From the given spherical triangle SPZ the angle Z may be readily found, which is the azimuth or bearing of the sun from the north at the time of observation, and also the bearing of the drift ; whence also the true meridian may be readily deduced for the following purpose. To determine the magnetic variation of the needle of any instrument. (51.) Suppose N and S to be marks representing the true meridian, S the south and "N the north ; place the in- strument (whose magnetic variation you would wish to know) at S, and turn the sights in direction of SN until N is seen through them ; at the same time observe the bearing of the needle of the instrument, and whatever N is found to bear from due north, as much will the magnetic meridian differ from the true ft C meridian. Suppose the north end of the V / needle to stand in direction of Sd, then the / true meridian SN will be to the east of the / magnetic as much as the angle dSN, which / suppose 23; then SN will bear N 23 E with ' the magnetic meridian : Consequently the \ / needle of the instrument may be said to have 23 of west variation, as the north end thereof is 23 to the west or left of the S true meridian SN. Or if the north end of the needle stand in direction of S0, then the true meri- EEDTJCING BEAEINGS, ETC. 90 dian SN will be to the west of the magnetic as much as the angle e$N, which, if equal to 23, then SN" will bear N 23 W : Then the needle may be said to have 23 of east variation, the north end thereof being 23 to the east or right of the true meridian SN. The manner of reducing bearings from a magnetic to a true meridian. (52.) Let NS represent the true meridian, N the north and S the south, and ns a magnetic needle suspended on a centre must have 10 of west variation. DEDUCING BEABItfGS, ETC. E 1 C 70 N 112 5. Suppose WS' to be the meridian of a plan whose magnetic variation is required ; let the bearing of the pit B from the pit A be taken on the plan with its meridian thereon, equal to the angle .ZV'AB 45, or N 45 W ; and let the bearing of the same two objects, taken on the surface by an instru- ment placed at A, whose needle has 23 of west variation ns, be found to be equal to the same angle wAB 45, or N 45 W, as before ; then if NS represent the true meridian, the line AB will form an angle therewith of 45 -f- 23 = 68 L NAB, or N 68 AV . Then L NAB 68 - L -ZTAB 45 = L KAJV' 23, the varia- tion of the plan's meridian; but as L ^'AB is to the left of the plan's meridian, and is less than s L NAB, the L NAJV' must be to iJic left of the true meridian SN ; therefore the plan's meridian, will have 23 of west variation. When the bearing of two objects, taken on a plan by its delineated meridian, agrees with the bearing of the same two objects taken on the surface by an instrument, the variation of the plan's meridian will be the same as the magnetic variation of the needle of that instrument. 6. Suppose N'S* to be the meridian of a plan whose magnetic variation is required to be known ;- let the bearing, of the pit B from that of A be taken on the plan by its meridian thereon, equal to the angle NAB 68, or N 68 W: and let the bearing of the same two objects be taken by an instrument on the surface placed at A, whose needle has 23 of west variation ns, equal to the angle nAJB 45, or N 45 W ; then the object will form an angle with the true REDUCING BEABINGS, ETC. 113 meridian of 45 + 23 = 68, or 1ST 68 W: Now, as the bearing of the two objects on the plan with its meridian, agrees with the bearing of the same two objects taken on the surface when reduced to the true meridian, therefore the plan's meridian must be the true meridian. Prom the several cases in the last Article, where six examples are, solved, the method of solving the following unsolved examples will be readily seen. EXAMPLE I. I wish to know the variation of a plan's meridian, when the bearing of two objects thereon with its meridian is ]N~ .30 W, and the bearing of the same two objects with each other on the surface is found, by an instrument whose needle has 20 of west variation, to be N 19 W ? The objects on the surface will form a bearing with each other of N 39 W by the true meridian. Then 39 30 = 9 ; therefore the plan's meridian ha8 9 of west variation. EXAMPLE II. I wish to know the variation of a plan's meridian, when the bearing of two objects thereon with its meridian is N 16 E, and the bearing of the same two objects with each other on the surface is found, by an instrument whose needle has 23 of west variation, to be N 10 E ? The objects on the surface will form a bearing with each other of N 13 W by the true meridian. The 16 + 13 = 29 ; therefore the plan's meridian has 29 of west variation. EXAMPLE III. I have a plan which I wish to know by what kind of meridian it has been delineated : Now the bearing of two objects thereon with each other by its meri- dian is found to be N 80 W, and the bearing of the same two objects, taken on the surface by an instrument whose needle has 21 of west variation, is N 74 W ? The bearing of the two objects on the surface with the true meridian will be S 85 W. REDUCING BEARINGS, ETC. Then 180 80 + 85 zz 15 ; therefore the plan has been delineated by a meridian having 15 of west variation. EXAMPLE IV. I wish to know the variation of a plan's meridian, when the bearing of two objects taken thereon by its meridian is found to be N 40 E, and the bearing of the same two objects, taken on the surface by an instru- ment whose needle has 20 of west variation, is also N40E? Then the meridian of the plan will have the same magnetic variation as the needle by which the bearing of the objects was taken on the surface; therefore the plan's meridian will have 20 of west variation. EXAMPLE V. I wish to know by what kind of meridian a plan has been constructed, when two objects thereon by its meridian form a bearing with each other of N 32 W, and the bearing of the same two objects, as taken on the surface by an instrument whose needle has 22 of west variation, forms a bearing with each other of N 10 W ? The two objects on the surface will form a bearing with each other of N 32 W by the true meridian. Then the meridian of the plan will be the true meridian. EXAMPLE VI. I wish to know the variation of a plan's meridian, when the bearing of two objects thereon with its meridian is S 16 W, and the bearing of the same two objects with each other on the surface, taken by an instru- ment whose needle has 23 of west variation, is found to be S 10 W ? The plan's meridian will have 29 of west variation. EXAMPLE VII. I wish to know the variation of a plan's meridian, when the bearing of two objects thereon with its meridian is S 40 "W, and the bearing of the same two objects with each other on the surface, taken by an instrument whose needle has 20 of west variation, is found to be S 23 W ? The plan's meridian will have 6 of east variation. EXAMPLE VIII. I wish to know the variation of a plan's meridian, when the bearing of two objects thereon REDUCING BEARINGS, ETC. 115 with its meridian is N 65 W, aud the bearing of the same two objects with each other on the surface, taken by an instrument whose needle has 23 of west variation is found to be N 20 W ? The plan's meridian will have 22 of east variation. EXAMPLE IX. I have a plan of a colliery workings, on which I took the bearing of two pits with each other by its meridian, which was JN" 5 W ; I also took the bearing of the same two pits on the surface by an instrument whose needle had 23 of west variation, which was N 5 E ; now I wish to know the variation of the plan's meridian by which it has been delineated ? The plan's meridian will have 13 of west variation. EXAMPLE X. I wish to know by what kind of meridian a plan of a colliery working has been constructed, when the bearing of two pits thereon with each other by its delineated meridian is found to be N 5 E, and the bearing of the same two pits on the surface with the true meridian is found to be N 14 W ? The plan has been constructed by a meridian having 18 of west variation. How to plan surveys, and also the manner of determining an error arising in plotting, through inattention to the magnetic variation of the needle. (55.) It has been shown, in Art. 49, that the magnetic meridian is always changing ; therefore the bearings of the same objects, taken by such a meridian at different times, must also vary from each other, except reduced to bearings with the true meridian. Let !N"S represent the meridian of a plan, which is also supposed to be the true meridian ; and if a subterraneous excavation is to be plotted thereon from the pit A, which excavation is found to form a bearing of N 10 W 10 chains by an instrument whose needle had 20 of west variation ; 116 REDUCING BEARINGS, ETd. now if the excavation N 10 W 10 chains is plotted on the plan by its meridian NS, which is the true meridian, it will be represented by AB ; but the bearing being taken by a needle having 20 of west variation, therefore (according to the manner of reducing bearings from one magnetic meridian to their bearings with any other, Art. 53) it should form a bearing of N 30 "W with the meridian NS, as represented by A& ; then AZ> will be the true direction of the excavation from the pit A, and bE will be the magni- tude of the error (see theorem 8, Art. 48): v Or, instead of reducing the excavation to s its bearing with the true meridian NS, it will be equally as true if ns is drawn on the plan, and made to represent the magnetic meridian of the needle by which the bearing was taken, with which A.b will form a bearing of JST 10 W. I shall insert a few examples, illustrative of the error arising from plotting a subterranous survey on a plan without attending to the variation of the magnetic meri- dian, and also how its magnitude can be ascertained. EXAMPLE I. The following is a subterraneous survey, commencing at a pit called the B pit, N 30 W 6 chains, N 70 E 10 chains, Jtf 30 E 5 chains, and N 25 W 8 chains, which was surveyed by an instrument whose needle had 24 of west variation ; under what bearings must the survey be plotted on a plan whose delineated meridian has 15 of west variation ? Reduce the bearings, as taken by a meridian having 24 of west variation ; to bearings with a meridian having 15 of west variation : Thus, REDUCING BEAEINGS, ETC. 117 Bearings with a, meridian of 24 of west variation. Chains. N. 30 W. . . 6 N. 70 E. . .10 N. 30 E. . . 5 N. 25 W. 8 Searings with a meridian of 15* of west variation. Chains. N. 39 W. . . 6 N. 61 E. . .10 N. 21 E. . . 5 N. 34 W. . 8 72. The survey must be plotted under bearings with a magnetic meridian having 15 of west variation, as above, commencing at the B pit. EXAMPLE II. If the following subterraneous survey, ]S T 9 W 8 chains, N. 30 E 7 chains, and N 21 W 8 chains, is made by an instrument whose needle has 23 of west variation, and plotted on a plan by a meridian having 5 of west magnetic variation, without being reduced thereto, what will be the magnitude of the error re- sulting by such neglect ? Suppose A, the point of com- mencement of the survey on the plan, and let the meridian of the plan here presented be If'S'", hav- ing 5 of west variation with the true meridian NS ; then the first bear- ing, N 9 W 8 chains, will be re- presented by AB, the second, N 30 E 7 chains, by BC, and the third bearing, N 21 W 8 chains, by CD ; then ABCD will represent the survey plotted without attend- ing to the magnetic variation : But as the survey was made by an in- strument whose needle had 23 of west variation, therefore each bear- ing, when truly plotted, must be set off from a meridian of that variation, which let ns represent ; 118 REDUCING BEARINGS, ETC. then N 9 "W 8 chains will be represented by A5, N 30 E 7 chains by be, and N 21 W 8 chains by cd ; then Kbcd will represent the survey truly plotted, and dD will be the magnitude of the error. Or the survey may be plotted by reducing the bearings, as taken by a meridian of 23 of west variation, to bearings, with a meridian of 5 of variation, as represented by -ZV^/S", and plotted from it accordingly, which will exactly coincide with Abed, as before. To discover, by calculation, the magnitude of the error reduce the bearings of the survey, as taken by a magnetic meridian having 23 of west variation, to bearings with the true meridian, and also the same bearings, as if taken by a meridian having 5 of west variation, to bearings with the true meridian ; then determine the northing and easting of D from d : Thus, iWith a meridian of 23 of west variation. With the true meridian. With a meridian of 5 of west variation. With the true meridian. Chns. N. 9W. 8 N. 30 E. 7 N. 21 W. 8 Chns. N. 32 W. 8 N. 7E. 7 N. 44 W. 8 Chns. N. 9 W. 8 N. 30 E. 7 N. 21 W. 8 Chns. N. 14 W. 8 N. 25 E. 7 N. 26 W. 8 Chns. N. 32 W. 8 N. 7 E. 7 N. 44 W. 8 1 Northing. Southing. Easting. Westing. ad Chains. 6-78 6-94 5-75 Chains. Aa Chains. 0*-85 Chains. 4-23 5 V 55 19-47 9-78 0-85 8-93 SEDUCING BEARINGS, ETC. 119 Chns. N. 14 W. 8 N. 25 E 7 N. 26 W. 8 Northing. Southing. Easting. Westing eD or af ChaiDS. 7-76 6-34 7-19 Chains. Ae Chains. 2-95 Chains. 1-93 3-50 21-29 5-43 2-95 2-48 ad 8'93 chains af 2*48 chains = fd 6'45 chains. Ae 21-29 chains Aa 19 -47 chains = ae or/D 1-82 chains. Then, as fd 6'45 . . . -8095595 Is to radius. . . . lO'OOOOOOO Sois/D 1-82 . . . -2600714 To tang. Z dl5 45' . . 9 '4505117 From 90 - 15 45' = 74 15', /_ adV. And V 6*45 + 1-82 = 6'7 dD, or 6*70 chains. Therefore the magnitude of the error, or the bearing and distance of D from d, will (from Art. 3) be IS" 74 15' E 670 chains with the true meridian. EXAMPLE III. If the following subterraneous survey S 30 W 4 chains, N 50 W 8 chains, IS" 50 E 9 chains, and N 53 W 8 chains, is surveyed by an instrument having 23 of west variation, and plotted on a plan by the true meridian, without being reduced thereto, what will be magnitude of the error thereby ? Suppose A to be the point of commencement on the plan, and NS the true meridian thereon ; then ABCDF will be the erroneous representation of the bearings and distances, as plotted from that meridian, AB forming an angle of 30 therewith, BC an angle of 50 therewith, CD an angle of 50 therewith, and DF an angle of 53 therewith. 120 REDUCING BEARINGS, ETC. FIG. r To plot the survey accurately, draw on the plan a meri. dian line ns, having 23 of west variation ; each bearing and dis- tance being then plotted from it, and Abcdf will represent the sur- vey accurately done, andyF will be the magnitude of the error: Or, otherwise, if each bearing in the survey is reduced from the angle it formed with the mag- netic meridian it was taken by, to the angle of bearing it will form with the plan's meridian, which is the true meridian, and plotted accordingly, the result will be the same : Thus, Wit\ a meridian having 23 of west variation. Chains. S. 30 W. . . 4 N. 50 W. . 8 N. 50 E. . . 9 N. 53 W. . 8 With the true meridian. S. 7 W. N. 73 W. N. 27 E. N. 76 W. Chains. . 4 . 8 . 9 , 8 Then A& will represent S 7 W 4 chains, Ic N 73 W 8 chains, cd N 27 E 9 chains, and df, N 76 W 8 chains, the same as before. BEDUCING BEABINGS, ETC. 121 Chns. S. 30 W. 4 N. 50 W. 8 N. 50 E. 9 N. 53 W. 8 Northing. Chains. 514 579 4-81 Southing. Easting. Westing. &F or ak Chains. 3-46 Kh Chains. 6 V 89 Chains. 2'00 613 6-39 15-74 3-46 14-52 689 12-28 7-63 \ Chns. S. 7 W. 4 N. 73 W. 8 N. 27 E. 9 N. 76 W. 8 Northing. Southing. Easting. Westing. / Chains. 2 V 33 8-01 1-93 Chains. 3-97 Aa Chains. 4-08 Chains. 0-48 765 776 12-27 3-97 15-89 4-08 11-81 8-30 6211763 10-0000000 5998831 9-9787068 From af 11 -81 ak 7'63 = fc/4'18. AA, 12-28 Aa 8 "30 = ah or JfcF 3' Then, as kf 4 '18 . Is to radius . . . . So is &F 3-98 To tang. Z.f 43 35' . . From 90 43 35' = 46 25' Z. nf. And V^'IS H- 3-98 = 5 77 /F chains. Therefore the bearing of F from /"with the true meri- dian will be N 46 25' E, and the distance will be 577 chains ; which is the magnitude of the error. EXAMPLE IV. If the following subterraneous survey, 122 REDUCING BEARINGS, ETC. FIG-.7*. commencing at the pit A, S 30 W 4 chains, S 70 W 10 chains, and S 50 E 5 chains, was surveyed by an instru- ment whose needle had 23 of west variation, and is plotted on a plan by a meridian having only 10 of variation to the west, without reduc- ing the bearings there- to ; what will be magni- tude of the error ? If NS represent the true meridian, ns the meridian, having 23 of west variation, by which the survey was taken, and N'S' the meridian \ of the plan, having 10 \ f ^ of variation, by which * the survey is to be plot- [ ted ; the ABCD will be the erroneous representation of the survey, as plotted by the meridian Jtf'S' without reducing the bearings thereto. To plot the same truly, \ With a meridian ofZZ^of west, variation. Chains. S. 30 W. . .4 S. 70 W. . . 10 S. 50 E. . 5 With a meridian o/10 of west variation,. Chains. S. 17 W. . .4 S. 57 W. . . 10 S. 63 E. . ,5 Now make A.I form an angle to the west with the meri- uian JV'/S' of 17, be an angle to the west of 57, and cd an angle to the east of 63 ; then Kbcd will represent the survey truly plotted, and the distance between D and d will be the magnitude of the errOJ. BEDUCIKG BEAEINGS, ETC. 123 TO FIND THE MAGNITUDE OF THE ERROR. With a meridian of 23 of west variation. With the true meridian. With a meridian of 10 of west variation. With the true meridian. Ctms. S. 30 W. 4 S. 70 W. 10 S. 50 E. . 5 Chns. S. 7 W. 4 S. 47 W. 10 S. 73 Hi. 5 Chns. S. 30 W. 4 S. 70 W. 10 S. 50 E. 5 Chns. S. 20 W. 4 S. 60 W. 10 S. 60 E. 5 Chns. S. 7 W. 4 S. 47 W. 10 S. 73 E. 5 Northing. Chains. Southing. Easting. Westing. Chains. 3'79 6-82 1-46 12-25 Chains. 4 V 78 Aa Chains. 0'49 7'31 7-80 4-78 3-02 ad 1 Chns. S. 20 W. 4 S. 60 W. 10 S. 60 E. 5 Northing. Southing. Easting. Westing, Chains. Chains. 375 5-00 2-50 Chains. 4-33 Chains. 1-37 8-66 11-25 Ae 10-03 4-33 5-70 eD \ Then Aa 12-25 Ae 11-25 = ae or fd 1. And eD 570 ad 3-02 = /D 2-68. As/D 2-68 .... Is to radius . . . . To tang. ^/ D. 20 27' . From 90 20 27' = 69 33', L fdJ). And V 2'68 + I = 2*80 = Vd. -4281348 10 '0000000 9-5718652 ft 2 124 HOW TO BUN BEARINGS, ETC. Therefore the bearing of D from d with the true meridian will be N 69 33' "W, and the distance will be 2'86 chains , which is the magnitude of the error. EXAMPLE V. The following subterraneous survey, S 20 W 5 chains, S 70 W 10 chains, N 50 W 5 chains, and N 3 W 8 chains, was taken by an instrument having 23 of west variation, which I have to plot on a plan, the magnetic variation of the meridian by which it has been constructed is unknown ; I therefore wish to know how the survey must be plotted, so that it may be accurately done? In order to find by what kind of meridian the plan has been constructed, I took the bearing of two pits thereon by the delineated meridian, which I found to bear with each other N 25 "W, and the same two pits on the sur- face I found to bear N 22 W by an instrument whose needle had 23 of west variation ; therefore the plan's meridian will have 20 of west variation, and the bearings of the survey must be reduced from a meridian of 23 of west variation to bearings with a meridian of 20 of the same variation, and plotted on the plan accordingly ; Thus, Bearings with a meridian of 23 of west variation. Chains. S. 20 W. . .5 S. 70 W. . . 10 N. 50 W. . . 5 N. 3W. 8 Bearings with the plan's meridian of 20 of west variation. Chains. S. 17 W. . .5 S. 67 W. . . 10 N. 53 W. . .5 N. 6 W. 8 Sow to run bearings on the surface by a circumferentor, without error. (56.) It frequently happens that the practical miner has to re-traverse on the surface the survey of a subterraneous excavation from bearings taken at some former time : Now, when that is the case, if the miner does it without attending to the change that has taken place with the magnetic meridian, between the taking of the survey and the re- HOW TO RUN BEABINGS, ETC. 125 traversing it, an error must inevitably be the result ; but where surveys are recorded without mentioning by what kind of meridian they were originally made, such surveys cannot be re-traversed with any degree of accuracy. Suppose the bearing of a subterraneous excavation AB, is found to be N 20 "W, which is taken by the needle of an instrument placed at the pit A, whose magnetic meridian is represented by NS ; now, if the bearing of this excavation is run off on the surface from the pit A, immediately after it has been surveyed under-ground, and by the same instrument also, the excavation AB will be truly represented on the surface (see theorem 6, Art. 48) ; but if it should be ne- cessary, at any future time, to have the same excavation represented on the surface by the same survey already made, and in that in- terval of time between the survey being made and its second plotting on the surface, the magnetic meridian NS has changed its situa- tion to ns, the same excavation, N 20 W, run off from the then magnetic meridian ns, will be represented by A.b, which will be erroneous : Therefore, to do the work truly, the bearing of AB, as originally taken by the meridian NS, must be reduced to its bearing with the meridian ns, and plotted on the surface from it accord- ingly (see theorem 7, Art. 48). I shall insert a few examples relative to plotting bearings on the surface by different meridians. EXAMPLE I. The subterraneous excavation commencing at the pit A, N 20 W 5 chains AB, N 20 E 8 chains BC, N 70 E 5 chains CD, and S 70 E 5 chains DF, was surveyed by an instrument whose needle had 10 of west variation ns, and is to be plotted on the surface by another instrument whose needle has a how must it be plotted with Of THE UNIVERSITY v ^ Of 126 HOW TO BtTST BEABINGS, ETC. First, find the magnetic variation of the needle of the instrument by which the survey is to be plotted (see Art. 51), which suppose it to have 23 of west variation N S ; then reduce the bearings, as taken by a meridian of 10 of west variation ns, to bearings with a meridian of 23 of west variation N S. EXAMPLE II. If the following survey of a subterraneous excavation, commencing at the pit A (see Fig. to Ex. IV. Art. 55), S 30 W 4 chains, S 70 W 10 chains, and S 50 E 5 chains, was surveyed by an instrument which had 10 of west variation ; what will be the magnitude of the error, if the survey is plotted on the surface by another instrument having 23 of west variation ? Let N'S' represent the magnetic meridian of the needle of the instrument by which the survey was made, having 10 of west variation, and let ABCD represent the survey as plotted on the surface thereby, also let ns represent the meridian of the instrument whose needle has 23 of west variation, and A.bcd the excavation as plotted according to that meridian ; then ABCD will be the survey plotted truly, and Kbcd the same plotted erroneously : Therefore, from the manner of determining the magnitude of an error, arising from plotting a survey by a different meridian than that by which it was made (Art. 55), the error will be 2*86 chains, which is the distance of d from D. EXAMPLE III. I have the survey of a subterraneous excavation, commencing at a pit called the A pit ; the bearings are recorded to be taken by the true meridian, viz., N 80 W 5 chains, due north 8 chains, N 80 E 5 chains, N 45i W 10 chains, and N 23 "W 4 chains ; how is the survey to be truly delineated by an instrument on the surface, so that a pit may be sunk on the extreme point of the last bearing ? The first thing to be done, the surveyor must ascertain the magnetic variation of the needle of the instrument by which he intends delineating the survey (see Art. 49) Chains. N. 30 W. . N. .' . N. 80 E. . . 5 . 8 5 N. 6|W. N. 23 E. N. 76J E. N. 45f- W. . 10 N. 22 W. N. 23| W. . 4 N. tO FIXD THE ANTIQUITY OF A PLA>% ETC. 127 which suppose to be 23 Stf to the west, and reduce the bearings of the survey thereto : Thus, Bearinya mih the true meridian. , Bearings vritk a meridian of 25* 30 7 of west variation. Chains. . 5 . 8 . 5 . 10 . 4 Then fix the instrument at the A pit, and run off the first bearing and distance X 6| W 5 chains, and the other following ones in regular order, and the end of the last X t chains, will be the place on the surface where the pit must be sunk, to hit the extreme point of the excavation. To find the antiquity of a plan by its delineated meridian. (57.) As the magnetic meridian has, for a great number of years past, been veering about to the west, hence plans constructed at different times must have their magnetic meridians of different variation ; those that are of the most ancient construction will have their meridians more easterly than those of a more modern date. Should a plan be found to have been constructed by a meridian having 11 15' of east variation, it will be reasonable to suppose it has been made about the year 1576 ; for at that time the magnetic meridian had 11 15' of east variation (see Table, Art. 49) : Or, if its meridian is found to have 20 of west variation, from the same principle it may be supposed to have been made about the year 1765. EXAMPLE I. If a plan is found to have a magnetic meridian of 18 of west variation, in what year has it been constructed ? By looking in the table, Art. 49, ifc will appear to have been made about the year 1750. 128 HANNEB OF BECOEDING STJBTEEEANEOUS SUEVEYS. EXAMPLE II. I have a plan on which is a delineated meridian; I therefore wish to know in what year it has been made ? First find the magnetic variation of the meridian on the plan according to the rules for finding the same, Art. 54 t which suppose to be 6 of east variation; then, bj the table, Art. 49, it will appear to have been made about the year 1622. The manner of recording subterraneous surveys. (58.) As the necessity of recording surveys of subterra- neous workings frequently occurs, I shall therefore show how the same ought to be recorded, so that they may answer the intended design : Thus, A recorded survey of a subterraneous excavation, taken June 10th, 1800, beginning at the centre of the A pit, in Blackburn colliery. Each leaving being reduced to the true meridian. Chains. N. 10 W 5-5& N. 20 E 4-20 N. 75 E 1010 E 4-40 s. 71 E 6-ao N. 50 E. V". V . . . 5-90 A re3orded survey of a subterraneous working, taken November 21st, 1801, beginning at the centre of the Venture Pit, in Tanfield colliery. Each bearing was taken by a needle having 23 of west variation, and recorded accordingly. Chains. S. 50 W 5-24 S. 30 W. . . . . . 2-20 S. 86 W 5-70 N. 40 W. . . . ' V ^ 12-60 Now, either of these recorded surveys may be truly re-traversed on the surface of the earth, at any future time NATURE AND USE OF TBATEBSE TABLES. 129 with accuracy, by an instrument whose magnetic needle may have any known variation whatever, by referring to Art. 56. Tlie nature and use of the Traverse Tables. (59.) Thus, if it is required to know the northing and easting of N 18 E 56 licks, look in the tables under the degree answering to the bearing, and to the right, opposite 56 in the column of bearing lengths, will be found 53 links arid 26 hundred parts of a link of northing, and 17 links and 30 hundred parts of a link of easting. As the bearing length is links, the northing and easting must be links and parts of a link ; for in whatever denomination the bearing length is, in the same denomination must the integral part of the northing or southing and easting or westing be. Also, if it is required to know the northing and easting of N 18 E 5 65 chains, look in the table under the degree answering to the bearing, and opposite 5 chains in the bearing lengths will be found 4*76 chains of northing and 1*55 chains of easting ; then, for the remaining 65 links, look opposite 65 in the same column of bearing lengths, and there will be found 61/82 links of northing, and 20'09 links of easting, which, added to the former northing and easting, will make 5'3782, or nearly 5*38 chains of northing, for the whole northing, and 1*7509 chains, or T75 chains nearly, for the whole easting. Suppose, again, the southing and westing of S 86 C "W 98*20 chains is required, look in the tables under the degree of the bearing, and the southing and westing will be thus : Chains. Chains. Chains. For 98 -00 there is 6 '84 of southing and 97 '76 of westing. For 00-20 0- 1'40 of ditto '19'95 of ditto. 98 20 6-85-40 of southing and 97*95 '95 of westing. or, 6'85f of southing and 97*96 of westing nearly. o 3 130 NATURE AND USE OF TEAYEESE TABLES. If the southing and easting of S 18J E 20 chains is required, take the southing and easting of the bearing length under 18, and also under 19, in manner before shewn, and half their sum will be the southing and easting required j thus ; Chains. Chains. Chains. S. 18 E. 20 will have 19'02 of southing 6'18 of easting. S. 19 E. 20 will have 18-91 of ditto. 6'51 of ditto. 2)37'93 12-69 18-96 of southing 6 -34 of easting. Therefore S 18J E 20 chains will have 18'96 chains of southing and 6*34 chains of easting. Again, if the northing and westing of IS" 75J W 10' 35 chains is required, Chains. Chains. Chains. N. 75 W. 10-35 will have 2'68'06 of northing 9-99-81 westing. N. 76 W. 10-35 will have 2-50*47 of ditto. 10-08-96 ditto. 2)5-18-53 20-08-77 N. 75|W. 10-35 will have 2-59-26 of northing 10-04-38 westing, or nearly 2*59^ of northing 10'04| westing. If the northing and easting of N 14 37' E 18 chains be required, take the northing and easting of the bearing length under 14 and the same under 15 ; take the difference of each, multiply the respective differences by the number of minutes, i. e. 37', and divide the products by 60 (the number of minutes in a degree), subtract the first quotient from the northing, and add the second to the easting; and the sum and difference will be the northing and easting required ; thus NATURE AND USE OF TRAVERSE TABLES. 131 N. 14 E. 18 chains will have 17 '47 of northing, and 4'35 of easting. N, 15 E. ,, 17-39 of ditto, ,, 4'66 of ditto. OSdiff. -31 diff. 37 37 0) 29-6 60)1147 5 nearly. 19 nearly. 14-47 4-35 N. 14 37' E. 18 ch; will have 14*42 of northing, and 4 '54 of easting. The use of the Traverse Tables in reducing hypothenusal or inclined distances to horizontal distances. (See Art. 45.) (60.) When the table is used for the before-mentioned F , C 75 purpose, the column called bearing lengths represents the hypothenusal distance or longest side of a right-angled triangle, as CB ; the column called N or S distance repre- sents the horizontal distance AB ; and the column called E or W distance represents the perpendicular AC. If the horizontal distance AB or Ca is required, when the hypothenusal distance CB is 10 chains, and the angle aCB or CBA is 20, look in the table under 20, and opposite 10, in the column of bearing lengths, will be found in the column of N or S distance 9*40, which will be 9*40 chains, equal to the horizontal distance AB or Ca. If the horizontal distance AB or Ca is required, when the hypothenusal distance CB is 8 chains, and the angle aCE or CBA is 50, look in the tables under 50, and opposite 8, in the column of bearing lengths, will be found 5*14 chains, in the column of N or S distance, which is equal to AB or Ca, the horizontal distance. The horizontal distance of a line 20' 50 chains, run under an angle of 15 of elevation, is required ? Look in the tables under 15, and in the column oi 132 NATURE AND USE OF TRAYERSE TABLES. bearing lengths for 20*50 chains, the horizontal distance will be thus : Chains. Chains. For 20'00 of hyp. distance 19"32 of horizontal distance. For *50 of hyp. distance 0'48 of horizontal distance. For 20 '50 of hyp. distance 19 '80 the whole horizontal Distance. Therefore, 20'50 chains of hypothenusal or inclining length will be equal to 19 chains 80 links,, or 19'BO chaina of horizontal distance. TRAVERSE TABLES; OK, TABLES OF THE NORTHING OR SOUTHING, AND EASTING OE WESTING ; WHEREIN THE DISTANCE IS EXTENDED TO ONE HUNDRED, FOR EVERY DECREE OF THE QUADRANT. TRAYERSE TABLES. -4 o 50* 0*1 8 jjfJ: rf< M rfi S bJD* 8 S ' ti n 1 s-i c! ^ ~ 93 (H s 8 3 J *Q w3 23 J *Q HQ *J 23 WQ s3 *Q KQ 1 1-00 o-oi 51 51-00 0-45 1 1-00 0-02 51 50-99 0-89 2 2-00 0-02 52 52-00 0-45 2 2-00 O03 52 51-99 091 3 3-00 0-03 53 53-00 0-46 3 3-00 0-05 53 52-99 O92 4 4-00 0-03 54 54-00 046 4 4-00 0-07 54 53-99 O94 5 5-00 0-04 55 55-00 0-48 5 5-00 0-09 55 54-99 0-96 6 6-00 005' 56 56-00 049 6 6-00 o-io 56 55-99 098 7 7-00 0-06 57 57-00 0-50 7 700 0-12 57 5699 0-99 8 8-00 0-07 58 58-00 0-51 8 8'"0 0-14 58 57-99 1-01 9 900 O08 59 59-00 0-52 9 900 0-16 59 58-99 1-03 10 10-00 0-09 60 6000 0-52 10 1000 0-17 60 59-99 1-05 11 it-oo 0-10. 61 61-00 0-53 11 11-00 0-19 61 60-99 1-07 12 12-00 0-10 62 62-00 0-54 12 12-00 021 62 61-99 1'09> 13 13-00 0-11 63 63-00 0-54 13 13-00 0-22 63 62-99 1-10 14 14-00 0-12 64 64-00 0-55 14 14-00 0-24 64 6399 1-12 15 15-00 013 65 65-00 0-56 15 15-00 026 65 6499 1-14 16 16-00 0-13 66 66-00 057 16 1600 0-28 66 65-99 1-16 17 1700 0-14 67 67-00 0-58 17 17-00 0-29 67 6699 117 18 18-00 0-15 68 68-00 059 18 18-00 0-31 68 67-99 1-19 19 19-iO 0-16 69 69-00 0-60 19 1900 033 69 68-99 121 20 20-00 0-17 70 70-00 0-61 20 20-00 035 70 69-99 122 21 2100 0-18 71 71-00 0-62 21 21-00 0-37 71 70'99 1-24 22 22-00 0-18 72 72-00 0-63 22 22-00 0-38 72 7199 1-26 23 23-00 0-19 73 73-00 0-63 23 21-00 0-40 73 7299 1-28 24 24-00 0-20 74 74-00 O64 24 24-0 - 0-42 74 7399 1-29 25 2500 0-21 75 75-00 0-65 25 25-00 0-44 75 74-99 1-31 26 26-00 022 76 76-00 066 26 2600 0-45 76 75-P9 1-33 27 27-00 023 77 77-00 0-67 27 27->0 047 77 76-99 1-35 28 28-00 0-24 78 78-00 0-H8 28 28-00 0-49 78 77-99 1-36 29 29-00 0"25 79 79-00 069 29 29-00 051 79 7899 1-38 30 30-00 0-26 80 80-00 0-70 30 3u-00 0-52 80 7999 1-40 31 31-00 0-26 81 81-00 0-71 31 31-00 054 81 80-99 1-42 32 32-00 O27 82 82-00 072 32 32 -0 0-56 82 81-99 1-44 33 83-00 O28 83 83-00 0-73 33 3*00 0-58 83 82-99 1-45 3! 34-00 0-29 84 84-00 0-74 34 3399 0-60 84 83-99 147 35 35-00 030 85 85-00 0-74 35 34-99 0-61 85 84-99 1-49 33 36-00 031 86 86-00 0-75 36 3599 0-63 86 8599 1-51 37 37-00 032 87 87-00 0-76 37 36-99 065 87 86-99 1-53 38 38-00 0-33 88 88-00 0-77 38 37-99 067 88 87-99 1-54 39 3900 0-34 89 89-00 0-78 39 3899- 0-69 89 8899 1-56 40 40-00 0*35 90 90-00 0-79 40 39-99 o-zo 90 89 99 1-57 41 4100 0-36 91 91-00 0-80 41 40-99 0-72 91 90-99 1-59 42 4200 036 92 9200 0-81 42 41-99 0-74 92 9199 1-61 43 43-00 0-37 93 93-00 0-81 43 4299 076 93 92-99 1-62 44 44-00 0-38 94 94-00 0-82 44 43-99 0-78 94 9399 1-64 45 45-00 039 95 95-00 0-83 45 4499 0-79 95 9499 1-66 46 46-00 040 96 93-00 0-84 46 45-99 0-81 9S 95-99 res 47 47-00 0-41 97 9700 0-85 47 4699 083 97 96-99 1-69 48 48-00 0-42 98 98-00 0-85 48 47-99 0-84 98 9799 1-71 49 4900 0-43 99 99-00 086 49 48*99 0-86 99 98-99 1-73 50 50-00 0-44 100. 100 00 087 50 4909 087 ICO 9999 1-75 E.orW. N. or S. E.orW. N. or S. E. or W. N.orS. E. or W. N. or S. 89 I* 8 9 < -v USfc? IMI :>-.- ^ < i n 41 Mi Ml I M Mi Mi I i- n Mi i : Hi Mi M5 i ft i a i ,-^ im i \ : '* IHi VS -' : M H M - ^ i -s : - Ml K "\\ I tt b \v \V V - - C ~ : v HfeVrQ TBAYEH8E T.\ r-f.i.H. 4 r Jpj ** i\ L ,r a MS >'! W o|| | .. -, * f3 v a. o -> w'5 'C t f. r r J WQ 'C v I! *Q WQ i! fc'S 22 1 Too O'u7 51 50-88 3-66 i I'OO 0-09 5! 60-81 4*45 2 0*00 0-1 I 52 01*b7 0*00 2 i-oo 0-17 52 61 'HO 4'5'J 3 2-00 o*m 00 09*87 0*70 3 2'00 010 53 62-80 4*00 4 0/99 018 54 63-87 8-77 4 He 0*80 64 03*79 4-71 5 4*90 0*80 55 04*87 3-H4 6 4-08 011 66 64-70 4*70 6 0*99 0-42 66 00*80 8-91 6 0*90 0-62 56 55-79 4-H8 7 0*98 0*40 57 M ; 3-08 7 0*99 ()'<1 57 66-78 4-07 8 7-OH 0-66 58 07*88 4-05 8 7-07 0-70 58 67-78 6-06 9 0*98 0*00 li'.i 58-86 4-12 8-97 0-VH 50 68-78 6*14 10 0*90 0-70 (JO 69'85 4*10 10 9*96 0-87 (JO 59-77 6-23 11 10-07 0-77 61 00/00 4-26 11 10-96 0-96 61 60-77 6*32 12 1 1 '07 0*81 (52 01*80 4'30 7'K' .'':{ 09*91 2-30 83 82-80 6-79 33 32*88 2-88 a3 82*68 7-24 84 88'99 2-37 84 83-80 6-86 34 33-87 8'96 84 83-68 7*32 35 84-91 2-44 85 84-79 6-93 35 04*87 3-06 85 84-68 7*41 86 85-91 2-51 86 85-79 6-00 36 35-86 8-14 86 85-67 7*50 37 86-91 2-58 87 86*79 6-07 37 80*80 8-22 87 86-67 7-68 88 87-91 2-66 KM 87-79 6-14 00 87-8*5 8-31 88 87-67 7-67 89 38-90 2-72 MO 88-78 6-21 30 38-85 3-10 89 88*66 7-76 40 39-90 2-70 90 89-78 6*28 40 39-85 3-49 90 80*66 7*84 41 40-90 2-86 91 90-78 6-35 41 40-84 8-57 91 90*66 7-98 42 41-90 2-93 92 91-78 6-42 42 41'84 8-H6 92 01*66 8-02 43 42-90 0-00 93 92-77 6-49 43 49*84 8-76 93 92*65 8-11 44 43-89 3-07 94 93-77 6-66 41 43-83 3*84 94 03-64 8*10 45 44-89 3-14 95 94-77 6-63 45 44-83 8-92 06 04-64 8*28 46 40*89 8-21 96 95-77 6-70 46 45*a3 4-01 96 05-04 8*37 47 46-89 8-28 97 96-76 6-77 47 40*81 4-10 97 06-63 8-45 48 47-88 8*86 98 07-76 6-84 48 47-82 4-18 98 07*63 8*54 49 48-88 8-42 99 98-76 6-91 49 48-81 4-27 99 08-62 8*63 60 49-88 8-49 00 99-76 6-98 60 40-81 4-36 00 00-62 8*72 E.orW N. or 8. B. or W. N. or 8. E. or W. N.orS. E. or W. N. or 8. 86 85 138 TEAYEESE TABLES. 6* 7 c5 OD I ^ 2 3 rfl t*1 *S si *i ?! si f 5 1 t, at C t-i et M si It *| H - d si e3 c c| ' c| 3 fc'5 H'S ea3 2 5 Hfi & fc"5 pa 5 ffl J3 fc'S w5 . i 0-99 O'lO 51 50-72 5-33 i 0'99 0*12 51 50-62 6'22 2 1-99 0-21 52 51-72 5-44 2 1-99 0-24 52 51-61 6-34 3 2'98 0-31 53 52-71 5'54 3 2-98 0-37 53 52-60 6-46 4 3'98 0-42 54 53-70 5-64 4 3-97 0-19 54 53-60 6-58 5 4-97 0'52 55 54-70 5'75 5 4-96 0-61 55 54-59 6-70 6 5-97 0-63 56 55-69 5'85 6 5*96 0-73 56 55-58 6-82 7 6'96 0-73 57 5M9 5'96 7 6-94 0'85 57 56-57 6-15 8 7-96 0-84 58 57-68 6'<6 8 7-94 0-97 58 57-57 7-07 9 8-95 0-94 59 58-68 6'17 9 8-93 1-10 59 58-56 7-19 10 9-95 1-05 60 59'b7 6-27 10 9-93 1-22 60 59-55 7-31 11 10-94 1-15 61 60-67 6-38 11 10-92 1-34 61 60-54 7-43 12 11-93 1-25 62 61-66 6-48 12 11-91 1-46 62 61-54 7-56 13 12-93 1-36 63 62-65 6-59 13 12-90 1-58 63 62-53 7-68 14 13-92 1-46 64 63-65 6-69 14 13-90 1-71 64 63-52 7-80 15 14-92 1-57 65 64-64 6-79 15 14-89 1-83 65 64-51 7-92 16 15-91 1-67 66 65-64 6-90 16 15-88 1-95 66 65-51 8-04 17 16-91 1-78 67 66-63 7-00 17 16-87 2-07 67 66-50 8-17 18 17-90 1-88 68 67-63 7-11 18 17-87 2-19 68 67-49 8-29 19 18-90 1-99 69 68-82 7-21 19 18-86 2-32 69 68-48 8-41 20 19-89 2-09 70 69-62 7-32 20 19-85 2-44 70 69-48 8-53 21 20-88 2*20 71 70-61 7'42 21 20-84 2-56 71 70-47 8-65 22 21-88 2-30 72 71-61 7-53 22 21-84 2-68 72 71-46 8-77 23 22-87 2-41 73 72-60 7-G3 23 22-83 2-hO 73 72-45 8-90 24 23-87 2-51 74 73-59 7-74 24 23-82 2-92 74 73-45 9-02 25 24-86 2-61 75 74-59 7-84 25 24-81 3-05 75 74-44 9-14 26 25-86 2-72 76 75-58 7-94 26 25-81 3-17 76 75-43 9-26 27 26-85 2-82 77 76-58 8-05 27 26-80 3-29 77 76-42 9-38 28 27-85 2-93 78 77-57 8-15 28 27-79 3-41 78 77-42 9-51 29 28-84 3-03 79 78-57 8-26 '29 28-78 3-53 79 78-41 9-63 30 29-84 3-14 80 79-56 8-36 30 29-78 3-66 80 79-40 9-75 31 30-83 3'24 81 80-55 8-47 31 30*77 3-78 81 80-39 9-87 32 31-82 3-34 82 81-55 8-57 32 31-76 3-90 82 81-39 9-99 33 32-82 3-45 83 82-55 8-68 33 32-75 4-02 83 82-38 10-12 34 33-81 3-55 84 83-54 8-78 34 33-75 4-14 84 83-37 10-24 35 34-81 3-66 85 84-53 8-89 35 34-74 4-27 85 84-36 10-36 36 35-80 3-76 86 85-53 8-99 36 35-73 4-39 b6 85-36 10-48 37 36-80 3-87 87 86-52 9-10 37 36-72 4-51 87 86-35 10-60 38 37-79 3-97 88 87-52 9-20 38 37-72 4-63 88 87-34 10-72 39 38-79 4-08 89 88-51 9-31 39 38-71 4-75 89 88-33 10-85 40 39-78 4-18 90 89-51 9*41 40 39-70 4'87 90 89-33 10-97 41 40-77 4-59 91 90-50 9-52 41 40-69 5-00 91 90-32 11-09 42 41-77 4-39 92 91-50 9-62 42 41-69 5-12 92 91-31 11-21 43 42-76 4-49 93 92-49 9-72 43 42-68 5-24 93 9^-31 11-33 44 43-76 4-60 94 93-48 9-83 44 43-67 5-36 94 93-30 11-46 45 44-75 4-70 95 94-48 9-93 45 44-66 5-48 95 94-29 11-58 4>i 45-75 4-81 96 95-47 10-04 46 45-66 5-61 96 95-28 11-70 47 46-74 4-91 97 96-47 10-14 47 46-65 5-73 97 96-28 11-82 48 47-74 5-02 98 97-46 10-25 48 47-64 5-85 98 97-27 11-94 49 48-73 5-12 99 98-46 10-35 49 48-63 5-97 99 98-26 12-07 60 49-73 5-23 100 99-45 10-45 50 49-63 6-09 100 99-26 12-19 E.or W, N.orS. E.or W. N. or S. E.or W. N. or S. E.orW. N. orS. 84 ' 83 THAYEKSE TABLES. 8* 9 IfJ i *f sr^ A 1 rj aa| f tc * B-S OD 1 ' 6T OS B t-t S to o| 'C t. 03 o -g J_ sS o 35 ' st ^ z 8J si '5 6D si H *j si S.3 J5Q w'S I! fc3 KQ &$ S5Q ..S wa o> 5 33 J *3 wS 1 0-P9 0-14 51 50-50 7-10 1 0-99 0-16 51 50-37 7-98 2 1-98 0-27 52 51-49 7-24 2 1-98 0-31 52 51-36 8-13 3 2-97 0-42 53 52-48 7-38 3 2-96 0-47 53 52-35 8-29 4 3-96 0-56 54 53-47 7-52 4 3-95 0-63 54 53-34 8-45 5 4-95 0-70 55 54'46 7-65 5 4-94 0-78 55 54-32 8-60 6 5-94 0-84 56 55-46 7-79 6 5-93 0-94 56 55-31 8-76 7 6-93 0-97 57 56-45 7-93 7 6-91 1-10 57 56-30 8-92 8 7-92 I'll 58 57-44 8-07 8 7-90 1-25 58 57-29 9-07 9 8'91 1-25 59 58-43 8*21 9 8-89 1-41 59 58-27 9-23 10 9-90 1-39 60 59-42 8-35 10 9't8 1-56 60 59-26 9-39 11 10-89 1-53 61 60-41 8-49 11 10-86 1-72 61 60-25 9'54 12 11-88 1-67 62 61-40 8-63 12 11-85 1-88 62 61-24 9-70 13 12-87 1-81 63 62-39 8-77 13 12-84 2-03 63 62-22 9-86 14 13-86 1-95 64 63^38 8-91 14 1383 2-19 64 63-21 10-01 15 14-85 2-09 65 64-37 9-05 15 14-82 2-35 65 64-20 10-17 16 15-84 2-23 66 65-36 9-19 16 15-80 2-50 66 65-19 10-32 17 16-83 2-37 67 66-35 9-32 17 16-79 2-66 67 66-18 10-48 18 17-82 2-51 68 67-34 9-46 18 17-78 2-82 68 67-16 10-64 19 18-82 2-64 69 68-33 9-60 19 18-77 2-97 69 68-15 10-79 20 19-81 2-78 70 69-32 9-74 20 19-75 3-13 70 69-14 10-95 21 20-80 2-92 71 70-31 9-88 21 20-74 3'29 71 70-13 11-11 22 21-79 3-06 72 71-30 10-02 22 21-73 3-44 72 71-11 11-20 23 22-78 3-20 73 72-29 10-16 23 22-72 3-60 73 72-10 11-42 24 23-77 3-34 74 73-28 10-3') 24 23-70 3-75 74 73-09 11-58 25 24-76 3-48 75 74-27 10-44 25 24-69 3-91 75 74-08 11-73 26 25-75 3-62 76 75-26 10-58 26 25-68 4-07 76 75-06 11-89 27 26-74 3-76 77 76-25 10-72 27 26-67 4-22 77 76-05 12-05 28 27-73 3-90 78 77-24 10-86 28 27-66 4-38 78 77-04 12-20 29 28-72 4-04 79 78-23 10-99 29 28-64 4-54 79 78-03 12-36 30 29-71 4-18 80 79-22 11-13 30 2^-63 ' 4-69 80 79-02 12-52 31 30-70 4-31 81 80-21 11-27 31 30-62 4-85 81 80-00 12-67 32 31-69 4-45 82 81-20 11-41 32 31-61 5-01 82 80-99 12-83 33 32-68 4-59 83 82-19 11-55 33 3'2-59 5-16 83 81-98 12-98 34 33-67 4-73 84 83-18 11-69 34 33-58 5-32 84 82-97 13-14 35 34-66 4-87 85 84-17 11-83 35 34-57 5-48 85 83-95 13-30 36 35-65 5-01 86 85-16 11-97 36 35*56 5-63 86 84-94 13-45 37 36-64 5-15 87 86-15 12-11 37 36-54 5-79 87 85-93 13-61 38 37-63 5-29 88 87-14 12-25 38 37-53 5-94 88 86-92 13-77 39 38-62 5-43 89 88-13 12-39 39 38-52 6-10 89 87^90 13-92 40 39-61 5-57 90 89-12 12-53 40 39-51 6'26 90 88-89 14-08 41 40-60 5-71 91 90-11 12-66 41 40-50 6'41 91 89-88 14-24 42 41-59 5:85 92 91-10 12-80 42 41-48 6-57 92 90-87 14-39 43 42-58 5-98 93 92-09 12-94 43 42-47 6-73 93 91-86 14-55 44 43-57 6-12 94 93-09 13-08 44 43-46 6-88 94 92-84 14-70 45 44-56 6-27 95 94-08 13-22 45 44-45 7-04 95 93-83 14-86 46 45'55 6-40 96 95-07 13-36 46 45-43 7-20 96 94-82 15-02 47 46-54 6-54 97 96-06 13-50 47 46-42 7-35 97 95-81 15-17 48 47-53 6-68 98 97-05 13-64 48 47-41 7-51 98 96-79 15-33 49 48-52 6-82 99 98-04 13-78 49 48-40 7-67 99 97-78 15-49 50 49-51 6-96 00 99-03 13-92 50 49-38 7-82 100 98-77 15-64 E. orW N. or S. B. or W. N. or S. E. or W. N.orS. E. or W. N.orS. 82 SI* TRAVERSE TABLES. 1 3* 1 1 6C * .si 1 *3 rfj *t 2! f *i *J *l '! 'i! 3 i. c8 * * tJD t- 83 fe * "E W) c| * K * 3 55 P KP *s SKQ HP 3 Q KQ 3 fcP WP i 0-99 0-17 51 50-23 8-86 1 0-98 0-19 51 50-06 9-73 2 1-97 0-35 52 51-21 9-c3 2 1-96 0-38 52 51-04 9-92 3 2'95 0'5'i 53 52-19 9-20 3 2-94 0-57 53 52-03 10-11 4 3-94 0-70 54 53-18 9-38 4 3-93 0-76 54 53-01 10-3 i 5 4-92 0-87 55 54-16 9-55 5 4-91 0-95 55 53-99 1C-49 6 5-91 1-04 56 55-15 9-72 6 5-89 i-u 56 54-97 10-69 7 6*9 1-22 57 5^-13 9-90 7 6-87 1-34 57 55-95 10-88 8 7-88 1-39 58 57-12 10-07 8 7-85 1-53 58 56-93 11-07 9 8-86 l-o6 59 58-10 10-25 9 8-83 1-72 59 57-92 11-26 10 9-85 1-74 60 59-09 10-42 10 9-82 1-91 60 58-90 11-45 11 10-83 1-91 61 60-07 10-59 11 10-80 2-10 61 59-88 11'64 12 11-82 2-08 62 61-06 10-77 12 11-78 2-29 62 60-86 11-83 13 12-80 2-26 63 62-04 10'94 13 12-76 2-48 63 61-84 12-02 14 13-79 2-43 64 6VQ3 11-11 14 13-74 2-67 64 62-82 12-21 15 14-77 2-60 65 64-01 11-29 15 14-72 2-86 65 63-80 12-40 16 15-76 2-78 66 65-00 11-46 16 15-71 3-05 66 64-79 12-59 17 16-74 2-95 67 65-98 11-63 17 16-69 3-24 67 65-77 12-78 18 17-73 3-12 6S 66-97 11-81 18 17-67 3-43 68 66-75 12-98 19 18-71 3-30 69 67-95 11-98 19 18-65 3-63 69 67 '73 13-17 20 19-70 3-47 70 68-94 12-16 20 19-63 3-82 70 68-71 13-36 21 20-68 3-65 71 69-92 12-33 21 20-61 4-01 71 69-69 13-55 22 21-67 3-82 72 70-91 12-50 22 21-60 4-20 72 70-68 13-74 23 22-65 3-99 73 71-89 12-68 23 22-58 4-39 73 71-B6 13-93 24 23-64 4-17 74 72-88 12-85 24 23-56 4-58 74 72-64 14-12 23 24-62 4-34 75 73-86 13-02 25 24-54 4-77 75 73-62 14-31 26 25-60 4-51 76 74-85 13-20 26 25-52 4-96 76 74-60 14-50 27 26-59 4-69 77 75-83 13-37 27 26-50 5-15 77 75-58 14-69 28 27-57 4-86 78 76-82 13-54 28 27-49 5-34 78 76-57 14-88 29 28-56 5-04 79 77-80 13-72 29 28-47 5-53 79 77-55 15-07 30 29-54 5-21 80 78-T8 13-89 30 29-45 5-72 80 78-53 15-26 81 30-53 6-38 81 79-77 14-07 31 30*43 5-92 81 79-51 15-46 32 31-51 6-56 82 80-75 14-24 32 31-41 6-11 82 8(>-49 15-65 33 32-50 5*73 83 81-74 14-41 33 32-J39 6-30 83 81-47 15-84 34 33-48 5-90 84 82-72 14-59 34 33-37 6-49 84 82-46 16-03 35 34-47 6-08 85 83-71 14-76 35 34-36 6-68 85 83-44 16-22 36 35-45 6-25 86 84-69 14-93 36 35-34 6-87 86 8f42 16-41 37 36-44 6-43 87 85-68 15-11 37 36-32 7M6 87 85-40 16-60 38 37-42 6-60 88 86-66 15-28 38 37-30 7*25 88 86-38 16-79 39 38-41 6-77 89 87-65 15-45 39 38"28 7-44 89 87-36 16-98 40 39-39 6*95 90 88-63 15-63 40 39-2(5 7-63 90 88-35 17-17 41 40-38 7-12 91 89-62 15-80 41 40-25 7-82 91 89-33 17-36 42 41-36 7'i9 92 90-60 15-98 42 41-23 8-01 92 90-81 17-55 43 42-35 7-47 93 91-59 16-15 43 42-21 8-20 93 9-1-29 17-75 44 43-33 7-64 94 92-57 16-32 44 43-19 8-40 94 9""27 17-94 45 44-32 7-81 95 93-56 16-50 45 44-17 8-n9 95 93-25 18-13 46 45-30 7-99 96 94-54 16-67 46 45-15 8-78 96 94-24 18-32 47 46-29 8-16 97 95-53 16-84 47 46-14 8-97 97 9.V22 18-51 48 47-27 8-34 98 96-51 17-02 48 47-12 9-16 98 96-40 18-70 49 48-26 8-51 99 97-50 17-19 49 48-10 9-35 99 97-18 18-89 50 49-24 8-68 100 98-48 17-37 50 49-08 9-54 100 98-16 19-08 E. or W. N.orS. E.or W. N. or S. E.or W. N. or S. E.orW. N. or S. 8( > 7< ) TEAVERSfc TABLES. 141 12 1 13 *J rf| *'l &D 52 at?! M he* s s | *i at 2 *| M - to 1! SI fcQ *J w2 11 h oS -3 a *| WQ : * fl a3 *! s| WQ ? 5b 5j C $ J Q HQ 1 0-98 0-21 51 4989 10-60 i 0-97 0-22 51 4969 11-47 2 1-96 0-42 52 5086 10-81 2 1-95 045 52 50-67 11-70 3 2-93 0-62 53 5f84 11-02 3 2-92 0-67 53 51-64 11-92 4 3-91 0-83 54 52-82 1123 4 3-90 0-90 54 52-62 12-15 5 4-89 1-04 55 53-80 11-44 5 4-87 1-12 55 53-59 12-37 6 5-87 125 56 54-78 1164 6 5-75 1-35 56 54-57 12-60 7 6-85 1-46 57 55-75 11-85 7 682 1-57 57 55-54 12-82 8 7-83 1-66 58 56-73 12-06 8 7-79 1-80 58 56-51 13-05 9 880 1-87 59 57-71 12-27 9 8-77 2-02 59 57-49 13-27 10 978 2-08 60 58-69 12-47 10 9-74 225 60 58-46 13-50 11 10-76 2-29 61 59-67 12-68 11 10-72 2-47 61 59-44 13-72 12 11-74 2M9 62 6065 12-89 12 11-69 2-70 62 60-41 13-95 13 1272 2-70 63 61-62 13-10 13 12-67 2-92 63 61-39 14-17 14 13-69 2-91 64 6260 13-31 14 13-64 315 64 62-36 1440 15 14-67 312 65 63-58 13-51 15 1462 337 65 6333 14-62 16 15-65 3-33 66 6l-5>> 1372 16 15-59 360 f.6 64-31 14-85 17 16-63 353 67 6554 13-93 17 1656 3-82 67 6V28 1507 18 1761 3-74 68 66-51 14-14 18 17-54 4-05 68 6626 15-30 19 18-58 3-95 69 67-49 1435 19 18-51 4-27 69 67-23 1552 20 19-56 4-16 70 68-47 14-55 20 1949 450 70 68-21 15-75 21 20-54 4-37 71 69-45 14-76 21 20-46 4-72 71 69-18 15-97 22 21-52 4-57 72 70-43 1497 22 21-44 4-95 72 70-16 16-20 23 22-50 4-78 73 71-40 15-18 23 22-41 5-17 73 7113 1642 24 23-48 4-99 74 72-38 15-39 24 2.^-38 5-40 74 7210 1665 25 2445 5-20 75 73-36 15-59 25 24-36 5-62 75 73-08 1687 26 2543 5-41 76 74-34 1580 26 25-33 5-85 76 7405 17-10 27 26-41 5-61 77 75-32 6-01 27 2631 6-07 77 75-03 17-32 28 27-39 5-82 78 76-30 16-22 28 27-28 6-30 78 76-00 17-55 29 28-37 6-03 79 77-27 16-43 29 28-26 6-52 79 76-98 17-77 30 29-34 624 80 78-25 1663 30 29-^3 6-75 80 77-95 18-00 31 30-32 6-45 81 79-23 16-84 31 30-21 6-97 81 78-92 1822 32 31-30 6-65 82 80-21 17-05 32 31-18 7-20 82 7990 18-45 33 32-28 6-86 83 81-19 17-26 33 3215 7-42 83 80-87 18-67 34 33-26 7-07 84 82-16 17-46 34 3H-13 765 84 81-85 18-90 35 34-24 728 85 83-14 17-67 35 34-10 7-87 85 82-82 1912 36 35-21 748 86 84-12 17-88 36 35-08 8-10 86 8380 19-35 37 36-19 769 87 b5-10 18-09 37 36-^5 8-32 87 84-77 19-57 38 37-17 7-90 88 86-08 18-30 38 37-03 8-55 88 8574 1980 39 38-15 8-11 89 8706 18-50 39 3800 877 89 86-72 20-02 40 39-13 8-32 90 88-03 1871 40 3897 9-00 90 87-69 20-25 41 40-10 8-52 91 89-01 19-92 41 3995 9-22 91 88-67 20-47 42 4108 873 H2 89-99 1913 42 40-92 9-45 92 8964 20-70 43 42'06 8-94 93 90-97 19-34 43 41-90 967 93 90-62 2092 44 43'04 9-15 94 91-95 19-54 44 4287 9-90 94 9159 21-15 45 44-02 936 95 9292 19-75 45 43-85 10-12 95 92-57 21-37 46 4499 956 96 9390 19-96 46 4482 10-35 96 9354 21-60 47 45-97 9-77 97 94-88 20-17 47 45-80 1057 97 9451 21-82 48 46-95 9-98 98 95-86 20-38 48 4677 10-80 98 95-49 22-05 49 47-93 10-19 99 93-84 20-58 49 47-74 11-02 99 96-46 2227 50 48-91 10-40 1UO 97-81 2079 50 48-72 11-25 100 9744 22-50 I E.orW. N. or S. E.orW. N.orS. E.orW. N.orS. E. or W. N.orS. 78 77* 142 TRAVERSE TABLES. 14 15 M| i jj J 02*1 | a-3 | *t be 2 rfl | t-i 5 S c . Is c ..2 3 S3 ~5 J2 i CO 2 i to c ol n J fc*Q WQ CQ J fcS wS M J 25*3 w*3 QJ fc'S H*S 1 097 024 51 49-49 1234 1 097 0-26 51 49-26 13-20 2 1-94 0-48 52 50-46 1258 2 193 0-52 52 5023 13-46 3 2-91 0-72 53 5143 1282 3 290 0-78 53 51-19 13-72 4 3-88 0-97 54 5240 1306 4 3-86 1-04 54 52-16 13-98 5 4-85 1-21 55 53-37 1331 5 4-83 1-29 55 5313 14-24 6 5'82 1-45 56 54-34 13-55 6 5-80 1-55 56 54-09 14-49 7 679 1-69 57 5531 13-79 7 6-76 181 57 55-06 14-75 8 7-76 1-93 58 56-28 14-03 8 7-73 2-07 58 56-02 15-01 9 873 218 59 57-25 14-27 9 8-69 233 59 56-99 15-27 10 9-70 2-42 60 58-22 1452 10 9-66 259 60 57-96 15-53 11 10-G7 266 61 59-19 1476 11 10-63 2-85 61 58-92 15-79 12 1164 . 2i)0 62 60-16 15-00 12 11-59 311 62 5989 16-15 13 12-61 3-14 63 61-13 15-24 13 12-56 336 63 60-85 16-31 14 13-58 3-39 64 62-10 15-48 14 13-5 >, 3-62 64 61-82 16-56 15 1455 3'63 65 6307 15-72 15 14-49 3-88 65 6279 16-82 16 15-52 387 66 64 04 15-97 16 15-45 4-14 66 63-75 17-08 17 16-50 411 67 65-01 16-21 17 16-42 4-40 67 64-72 17-34 18 17-47 435 68 6593 16-45 18 17-39 4-66 68 65- ;8 17-60 19 18-44 4-60 69 66-95 16-H9 19 18-35 492 69 6H63 17-86 20 19-41 4-84 70 67-92 16-94 20 19-32 518 70 67-61 1812 21 20-38 5-08 71 63-89 17-18 21 20-28 5-44 71 6858 18-38 22 21-35 5-32 72 69-86 17-42 22 21-25 5b9 72 69-55 18- i3 23 22-32 5-56 73 70-83 17-66 23 22-22 5-95 73 70-51 18-89 24 23-29 5-81 74 71-80 17-90 24 23-18 6-21 74 71-48 1915 25 24-26 6-05 75 72-77 1814 25 24-15 6-47 75 72-44 19-41 26 25-23 6-29 76 73-74 18-39 26 25-11 6-73 76 73-41 19-67 27 26-20 653 77 74-71 1863 27 26-08 699 77 74-33 1993 28 27-17 6-77 78 7568 18-87 28 27-05 7-25 78 75-34 20-19 29 28' 14 7-02 79 76-65 19-11 29 28-01 7-51 79 76-31 20-45 30 29-11 7'26 80 7762 19-35 30 2898 7-76 80 7727 20-71 31 30-08 7-50 81 78-59 19-60 31 2994 802 81 78-24 20-96 32 31-05 774 82 79-6 I98t 32 3091 8-28 82 79-21 21-22 33 32-02 7-98 83 80-53 2008 33 31-88 8-54 83 80-17 21-48 34 32-99 8-23 84 81-50 20-32 34 3284 880 84 81-14 21-74 35 33-96 847 85 8248 20-56 35 3381 906 85 8210 2200 36 34-93 8-71 86 ^345 2081 36 3477 9-32 86 83-07 22-26 37 3590 895 87 8442 21 '5 37 3574 9-58 87 84-04 22-52 38 3o-87 9-19 88 85 S9 21-29 38 3'^ 71 984 88 85-uO 22-78 39 37-84 943 89 86-36 21-53 39 3767 10-09 89 85-97 23-03 40 38-81 968 90 8733 21-77 40 38-64 1035 90 8893 23-29 41 39-78 9-92 91 88-30 22-ni 41 3960 10-61 91 87-90 23-55 42 40-75 1016 92 89-27 22-26 42 40-57 1087 92 88-87 23-81 43 41-72 10-40 93 90-24 22-50 43 4153 11-13 93 89-83 24-07 44 4269 1064 94 91-21 22-74 44 42-oO 11-39 94 90-80 24-33 45 43-t6 10-89 95 9218 2298 45 4347 1165 95 91-76 24-59 4S 4463 11-13 96 93-15 2322 46 44-43 11-91 96 92-73 2485 47 4560 11-37 97 94-12 2347 47 45-40 12-16 97 9369 2511 48 46-57 11-61 98 95-09 23-71 48 4636 12-42 98 9466 25-36 49 47-54 11-85 99 9606 2395 49 47-33 12-68 99 95-63 25-62 50 4851 1210 100 9703 24-19 50 48-30 12-94 100 96-60 25-88 E.orW. N.orS. E.orW. N.orS. E. or W. N. or S. E.orW. N.orS 76 ' 75 TfiAYEKSE TABLES. r 16 17 * OJ s *1 beJS o5 M tc? g *" *5 co g t* 5 B o| o -5 'i i c *jj J 5 c o ~ h 3 'i 1 &J J ss w'S I Z CC J M KQ a J fcS HQ 2J ^5 HQ 1 0'96~ 0-28 51 4902 14-06 1 0-96 0-29 51 48-77 14-91 2 1-9-2 0-55 52 4999 14-33 2 1-91 0-58 52 4973 15*20 3 2-H8 0-83 53 50-95 14-61 3 2-87 0-88 53 50-68 15-50 4 3-85 1-10 54 51-91 1488 4 3-83 1-17 54 51-64 1579 5 4-81 1-38 55 52-87 15-16 5 4-78 1-46 55 52-60 16-08 6 5-77 1'65 56 53-83 15-44 6 5-74 175 56 53-55 16-37 7 6-73 1-93 57 54-79 15-71 7 6-69 2-05 57 54-51 16-67 8 7-69 2-21 58 55-75 15-99 8 7-65 2-33 58 55-47 16-90 9 865 2-48 59 56-71 16-26 9 861 2-63 59 5642 17-25 10 961 2-76 60 57-68 16-54 10 9-56 292 60 57-38 17-54 11 10-57 3-03 61 58-64 16-81 11 10-52 3-22 61 58-33 17-83 12 11-54 3-31 62 59-60 17-09 12 11-48 3-51 62 59"J9 18-13 13 12-50 3-58 63 6056 17-37 13 12-43 3-80 63 60-25 18-42 14 13-46 3-86 64 61-52 17-64 14 13-39 409 64 61-20 1871 15 14-42 413 65 62-'48 17-92 15 14-34 439 65 62-16 19-00 16 15-38 4-41 68 63-44 1819 16 1530 4 68 (-6 62 12 19-30 17 16-34 469 67 64-40 1847 17 16 .6 4-97 67 64-07 19-59 18 17-30 4-96 68 65-37 18-74 18 17-21 526 68 66-03 19-88 19 18-26 5"i4 69 66-33 19-' >2 19 18-17 556 69 65-98 2017 20 19-23 5-51 70 67-29 19-29 20 1913 5'85 70 6694 2047 21 20-19 5-79 71 68-25 1957 21 2H-08 6-14 71 67-90 20-76 22 21-15 6-06 72 69-21 1985 22 21-04 6-43 72 68-85 21-05 23 22-11 6-34 73 70-17 20-12 23 2199* 6-72 73 69-81 21-34 24 23-07 6-62 74 71-13 20-40 24 22-95 7-02 74 7077 21'64 25 2403 6-89 75 72-09 20-67 25 23-91 7-31 75 7172 2193 26 2499 7-17 76 73-06 20-95 26 24-86 7-60 76 7268 22"22 27 2595 7-44 77 74-02 21-22 27 25-82 7-89 77 7364 22-51 28 26-92 7-72 78 74-98 2150 28 2678 8-19 78 7459 22-80 29 27-b8 7-99 79 7594 21-78 29 27-73 8-48 79 75-55 23-10 30 2884 8-27 80 76-90 22-05 30 28-69 8-77 80 76-50 23-39 31 29-80 8-54 81 77-86 22-33 31 29-65 9-06 81 77-46 2368 32 30-76 8-H2 82 78-82 22-60 32 30-60 9-36 82 7842 23-97 33 31-72 910 83 7978 22-88 33 31-56 9-65 83 79-37 24-27 34 32-68 9-37 84 80-75 23-15 34 3251 994 84 80-33 24-56 35 33-64 965 85 81-71 23-43 35 3.V47 10-23 85 81-29 24-85 36 34-61 992 86 82-67 2370 36 34-43 10-53 86 82-24 25-14 37 35-57 102.) 87 83-63 2398 37 35-38 10-82 87 8320 25-44 38 36-53 1O47 88 84-59 24-26 38 36-34 1111 88 84-15 2573 39 37-49 10-75 89 fc-5-55 24-53 39 37-30 11-40 89 8511 26-02 40 38-45 11-03 90 86-51 24-81 40 3825 11-69 90 86-07 26-31 41 39-41 11-30 91 87-47 25-08 41 3921 11-99 91 87-02 26-61 42 40-37 1158 H2 88-44 25-36 42 40-16 12-28 92 87-98 26-90 43 4133 11-85 93 89-40 25-63 43 41-12 1257 93 8894 27-19 44 42-30 12-13 94 90-36 25-91 44 42-08 12-83 94 8989 27-48 45 43-26 1240 95 91-32 26-19 45 43'03 13-16 95 90-85 27-78 46 44-22 1268 96 9-2-28 26-46 46 4*99 13-45 93 91-81 2b-07 47 45-18 12-95 97 93- v'4 26-74 47 4495 1374 97 92-76 28-36 48 46*14 1323 98 94-20 27-01 48 45"9;J 1403 98 93-72 28-65 49 47-10 13-51 99 95'1<> 27-29 49 4686 14-33 99 9467 28-94 50 48-06 13-78 100 9o-l3 2756 50 47-82 14-62 100 95-63 29-24 E.orW. N. or S. E.orW. N.orS. E. or W. N. or S. E.orW. N.orS. 74 73 144 TRAYERSE TABLES. 18 19 jrj 02 ff M *2 c t: rfi i 8ft 2 c 7: si it 6C? c 00 it *C w> a e o| cl 'u i s a gj si "u iC 94 C M S- 9* O *g '- St cS C 1 c 1 ttJ fc*Q KQ 3 fc5 w'S ~J Sa'S w"3 3 . . Q w"3 1 095 031 51 4850 15-76 1 095 0-33 51 48-22 16-60 2 1-90 0-62 52 4945 16-07 2 1-89 0-65 52 49-17 16-93 8 2-85 0-93 53 50-41 1638 3 2-84 0-98 53 50-11 17-26 4 3-80 1-24 54 5136 16-H9 4 378 1-30 54 51-06 17-58 5 476 1-55 55 52-31 1700 5 4-73 163 55 52-00 17-91 6 571 1-85 56 53-26 1730 6 5-67 195 56 52-95 18-23 7 6-ti6 2-16 57 54-21 17-61 7 6-62 228 57 5389 18-56 8 7-61 2-47 58 5516 17-92 8 7-56 260 58 54-84 18-88 9 8-56 278 59 56-11 18-23 9 8-51 293 fi9 55-79 19-21 10 9-51 3-09 60 57-06 1854 10 9-46 326 60 56-73 19-53 11 10-46 3-40 61 58-01 1883 11 10-40 3-58 61 57-68 19-86 12 1141 371 62 5897 1916 12 1135 3-91 62 58-62 20-19 13 12-36 4-()2 63 59-92 19-47 13 12-29 423 63 5957 20-51 14 13-31 4-33 64 60-87 19-78 14 13-24 4-56 64 6051 20-84 15 14-27 4-H4 65 6182 2009 15 14-18 4-H8 65 61-46 21-16 16 1522 494 66 62-77 20-40 16 15-13 5-21 66 6-2-40 21-49 17 16-17 525 67 6372 20-70 17 1607 553 67 63-35 21-81 18 17-12 556 68 6467 21-01 18 17-02 5-86 68 64-30 2214 19 1807 587 69 65-62 21-32 19 1796 6-19 69 6524 22-46 20 1902 6-18 70 66-57 2163 20 18-91 651 70 6619 2279 21 19-97 6-49 71 67'."3 21-94 21 19-86 6-84 71 67-13 23-12 22 20-92 6-80 72 68-48 22-25 22 20-80 716 72 6808 2>-44 23 21-87 7-11 73 6943 22-o6 23 21-75 7-49 73 69-02 2377 24 22-83 7-42 74 7038 2287 24 22-69 7-81 74 6997 24-(9 25 23-78 773 75 71-^3 2-5-18 25 23-64 8'14 75 70-91 24-42 26 2473 803 76 72-28 23-49 26 24-58 8-46 76 71-86 24-74 27 25-68 834 77 73-23 2379 27 25-53 879 77 72-81 2507 28 26-63 8-65 78 74-18 24-10 28 2647 912 78 73-75 2539 29 2758 896 79 75-13 24-41 29 27-42 9-44 79 74-70 25-72 30 2853 9-27 80 76-08 24-72 30 28-37 9-77 80 75-64 26-15 31 29-48 9-58 81 77-04 25-03 31 29-31 1009 81 76-59 26-37 32 30-43 989 82 77-99 2534 32 30-26 10-42 82 7753 26-70 33 31-38 10-20 83 7894 2565 33 31-20 10-74 83 78-* 8 27-02 34 32-34 10-51 84 79-89 2596 34 32-15 11-07 84 79-42 2735 35 33-29 10-82 85 80-84 2627 35 33-09 11-39 85 80-37 2767 36 34-24 11-12 86 81-79 2658 36 3404 11-72 86 81-31 28-00 37 35-19 1143 87 8274 2688 37 3498 1205 87 82 26 28-32 38 3H4 11-74 88 1-369 27 19 38 3593 12-37 88 83-21 28-65 39 37-09 1205 89 8464 2750 39 3H87 12-70 89 84-15 28-98 '40 3804 1236 90 85-60 27-81 40 3782 13-02 90 8510 2930 41 3899 1267 91 86-55 2812 41 38-77 13-35 91 86-0 1 29-63 42 3*94 1298 92 8750 28-43 42 3971 1367 92 8699 2995 43 40-90 1329 93 88-45 28-74 43 40-66 14-00 93 8793 30-28 44 4185 1360 94 89-40 29-05 44 4160 14-32 94 88-88 30- HO 45 42-rfO 1391 95 90-35 29-36 45 42-55 1465 95 89-82 30-93 43 4375 1421 96 91-30 2967 46 4349 14-98 96 90-77 31-25 47 4470 1452 97 9225 29-97 47 44-44 1530 97 91-72 3158 48 4565 1483 98 93-20 3028 48 4538 15-63 98 92-H6 31-91 49 46-' 1.V14 99 94-15 30-59 49 4633 15-95 99 9361 32 23 60 47-65 1545 100 95- U 30-90 50 47-28 16-28 100 9455 3256 E. orW. N. orS. E.orW. N.orS. E.orW. N. or S. E.orW. N.orS. 72 71 TABLES. 20 21 rl S a =',3 *\ *f fcD 5? ' *\ 21 *| 'i 5 s o -g o + * p? o J o - ce = o -55 o -g x H o -2 o ~ MJ ZJQ H'S M^ HQ Jj fcQ wS :QJ fc'S wS 1 0-94 0-34 51 47-92 17-44 1 0-93 0-36 51 47-61 18-28 2 1-88 0-68 52 48-86 17-79 2 1-87 0'72 52 48-55 18-63 3 2-82 1-03 53 49-80 18-13 3 2'HO 1-08 53 49-48 18-99 4 3-76 1-37 54 50-74 18-47 4 3-73 1-4J 54 50-41 19-35 5 4-70 1-71 55 51-68 18-81 5 4-67 1-79 55 51-35 19-71 6 5-64 2-05 56 52-62 19-15 6 5-60 2-15 56 52-08 20-07 7 6-58 2-39 57 53-56 19-50 7 6-54 2-51 57 53-21 20-43 8 7-52 2-74 58 54-50 19-84 8 7-47 2-87 58 54-15 20-78 9 8'46 3-08 59 55-44 20-18 9 8-40 3-23 59 55-08 21-14 10 9-40 3-42 60 56-38 20-52 10 9-34 3-58 60 56-01 21-50 11 10-34 3-76 61 57-32 20-86 11 10-27 3*94 61 56-95 21-86 12 11-28 4-10 62 58-26 21-21 12 11-20 4-30 62 5/'88 22-22 13 12-22 4-45 63 59-20 21-55 13 12-14 4-66 63 58-82 22-58 14 13-16 4-79 64 60-14 21-89 14 1307 5-02 64 59-75 22-93 15 14-10 5-13 65 61-08 22-23 15 14-00 5-38 65 60-68 23-29 16 15*04 5-47 66 62-02 22-57 16 14-94 5-73 66 61-62 23-65 17 15-97 5-81 67 62-96 22-92 17 15-87 6-09 67 62-55 24-01 18 16-91 6-16 68 63-90 23-26 18 16-80 6-45 68 63-48 24-37 19 17-85 6-50 69 64-84 23-60 19 17-74 6-81 69 64-42 24-73 20 18-79 6-84 70 65-78 23-94 20 18-67 7-17 70 65-35 25-08 21 19-73 7-18 71 66-72 24-28 21 19-61 7-53 71 68-28 25-44 22 20-67 7-52 72 67-66 24-63 22 2n -54 7-8S 72 67-22 25-80 23 21-61 7-87 73 68-60 24-97 23 21-47 8-24 73 68-15 26-16 24 22-55 8-21 74 69-54 25-31 24 22-41 8-60 74 69-09 26-52 25 23-49 8-55 75 70-48 25-65 25 23-34 8-96 75 70-02 26-88 26 24-43 8-89 78 71-42 25-99 26 24-27 9-32 76 70-95 27-23 27 25--'J7 9-28 77 72-38 26-34 27 25-21 9-68 77 71-89 27-59 28 26-31 9-58 78 73-30 26-68 28 26-14 10-03 78 72-82 27-95 29 27-25 9-92 79 74-24 27-02 29 27-07 10-39 79 73-75 28-31 30 28-19 10-26 80 75-18 27-36 30 28-01 10*75 80 74-68 28-67 31 29-13 10-60 81 76-12 27-70 31 28-94 11-11 81 75-62 29-03 32 30-07 10-94 82 77-06 28-05 32 29-87 11-47 82 76-55 29-39 33 31-01 11-29 83 77-99 28*39 33 30-81 11-83 83 77-49 29-74 34 31-95 11-63 84 78-93 28-73 34 31-74 12-18 84 78-42 30-10 35 32-89 11-97 85 79-87 29-07 35 32-68 12-54 85 79-35 30-46 36 33-ys 12-31 86 80-81 29-41 36 33-61 12-90 86 80-29 30-82 37 34*77 12-65 87 81-75 29-76 37 34-54 13-26 87 81-22 31-18 38 55-71 13-00 88 82-69 30-10 38 35-48 13-62 88 82-16 31-54 39 36-65 13-34 89 83-63 30-44 39 36-41 13-98 89 83-09 31-89 40 37-59 13-68 90 84-57 30-78 40 37-34 14-33 90 84-02 32-25 41 38-53 14-02 91 85-51 31-12 41 38-28 14-69 91 84-96 32-61 42 39-47 14-36 92 86-45 31-47 42 39-21 15-05 92 85-89 32-97 43 40-41 14-71 93 87-39 31-81 43 40-14 15-41 93 86-82 33-33 44 41-35 15-05 94 88-33 32-15 44 41-08 15-77 94 87-78 33-69 45 42-29 15-39 95 89-27 32-49 45 42-01 16-13 95 88-69 34-04 46 43-23 15-73 96 90-21 32-83 46 42-94 16-48 96 89-62 34-40 47 44-17 16-07 97 91-15 33-18 47 43-88 16-84 97 90-56 34-76 48 45-11 16-42 98 92-09 33-52 48 44-81 17-20 98 91 49 35-12 49 46-04 16-76 99 93-03 33-86 49 45-75 17-56 99 92-42 35-48 50 46-98 17*10 100 93-97 34-20 50 46-68 17-92 100 93-36 35-84 E. orW N. or S. E.or W. N. or S. E. or W. N.or S. E.or W. N.orS. 70 69* 146 TRAYEESE TABLES. 22 23 ti oil ^ a ?! co 2 3 * GQ *i fj 00 | i it S J oS E W> * c *] o| "S "So * fl o| &i Si o| *J .5 fc'5 w'5 3 fc'S M 5 05 a. SH! 2JH w"5 in M J fcS wS i 0-93 0-37 51 47-29 19-10 1 0-92 0-39 51 46-95 19-93 2 1-85 0-75 52 48-21 19-48 2 1-84 0-78 52 47-87 20-32 3 2-78 1-12 53 49-14 19-85 3 2-76 1-17 53 48-79 20-17 4 3-71 1-50 54 50-07 20-23 4 3-68 1-56 54 49-71 21-10 5 4-64 1-87 55 51-00 20-60 5 4-60 1-95 55 50-63 21-49 6 5-56 2-25 56 51-92 20-98 6 5-52 2-34 56 51-55 21-88 7 6-49 2-62 57 52-85 21-35 7 6-44 2-74 57 52-47 22-27 8 7-42 3-00 58 53-78 21-73 8 7-36 3-13 58 53-39 22-66 9 8-34 3-37 59 54-70 22-10 9 8-28 3-52 59 54-31 23-05 10 9-27 3-75 60 55-63 22-48 10 9-21 3-91 60 55-23 23-44 11 10-20 4-12 61 56-56 22-85 11 10-13 4-30 61 56-15 23-83 12 11-13 4-50 62 57-49 23-23 12 11-05 4-69 62 57-07 24-23 13 12-05 4'87 63 58-41 23-60 13 11-97 5-08 63 57-99 24-62 14 12-98 5-24 64 59-34 23-97 14 12-89 5-47 64 58-91 25-01 15 13-91 5-62 65 60-27 24-35 15 13-81 5-86 65 59-83 25-40 16 14-83 5-99 66 61-19 24-72 16 14-73 6-25 66 60-75 25-79 17 15-76 6-37 67 62-12 25-10 17 15-65 6-64 67 61-67 26-18 18 16-69 6-74 68 6^-05 25-47 18 16-57 7-03 68 62-59 26-57 19 17-62 7-12 69 63-98 25-85 19 17-49 7-42 69 63-51 26-96 20 18-54 7-49 70 64-90 26-22 20 18-41 7-81 70 64-44 27-35 21 19-47 7'87 71 65-83 26-60 21 19-33 8-21 71 65-36 27-74 22 20'40 8-24 72 66-76 26-97 22 20-25 8-60 72 66-28 28-13 23 21-33 8-62 73 67-68 27-35 23 21-17 8-99 73 67-20 28-52 24 22-25 8-99 74 68-61 27-72 24 22-09 9-38 74 68-12 28-91 2> 23-18 9-37 75 69-54 28-10 25 23-01 9-77 75 69-04 29-30 26 24-11 9-74 76 70-47 28-47 26 23-93 10-16 76 69-96 29-70 27 25-03 10-11 77 71-39 28-84 27 24-85 10-55 77 70-88 30-09 28 25-96 10-49 78 72-32 29-22 28 25-77 10-94 78 71-80 30-48 29 26-89 10-86 79 73-25 29-59 29 26-69 11-33 79 72-72 30-87 30 27-82 11-24 80 74-17 29-97 30 27-62 11-72 80 73-64 31-26 31 28-74 11-61 81 75-10 30-34 31 28-54 12-11 81 74-56 31-65 32 29-67 11-99 82 76-03 30-72 32 29-46 12-50 82 75-48 32-04 33 30-60 12-36 83 76-96 31-09 33 30-38 12-89 83 76-40 32-43 34 31-52 12-74 84 77-88 31-47 34 31-30 13-28 84 77-32 32-82 85 32-45 13-11 85 78-81 31-84 35 32-22 13-68 85 78-24 33-21 36 33-;,8 13-49 86 79-74 32-22 36 33-14 14-07 86 79-16 33-60 37 34-31 13-86 87 80-66 32-59 37 34-06 14-46 87 80-08 33-99 38 35-23 14-24 88 81-5) 32-97 38 34-98 14-85 88 81-00 34-38 39 36-16 14-61 89 82-52 33-34 39 35-90 15-24 89 81-92 34-78 40 37-09 14-98 90 83-45 33-71 40 36-82 15-63 90 82-85 35-17 41 38-01 15-36 91 84-37 34-09 41 37-74 16-02 91 83-77 35-56 42 38-94 15-73 92 85-30 34-46 42 38-66 16-41 92 84-69 35-95 43 39-87 16-11 93 86-23 34-84 43 39-58 16-80 93 85-61 36-34 44 40-80 16-48 94 87-16 35-21 44 40-50 17-19 94 86-53 36-73 45 41-72 16-86 95 88-03 35-59 45 41-42 17-58 95 87-45 37-12 46 42-65 17-23 96 89-01 35-96 46 42-34 17-97 96 88-37 37-51 47 43-58 17-61 97 89-94 36-34 47 43-26 18-36 97 89-29 37-90 48 44-50 17-98 98 90-86 36-71 48 44-18 18-76 98 90-21 38-29 49 45-43 18-36 99 91-79 37-09 49 45-10 19-15 99 91-13 38-fi8 50 46-36 18-73 100 92-72 37-46 50 46-03 19-54 100 9-J-05 39-07 E. or W. N.6rS. E.or W N. or S. E.or W N.or S. E.orW. N. or 8.! 68 67* TKAYE11SE TABLES. 147 24* 25 ipjS i ITS' i 1 *j| ti i ej 02*1 *'! u oB (4 et 5.1 c5 C "M t- si t-i a8 C ti f- * SB 3 t-4 *8 * ^ = S o -g o3 S 5 fcQ w3 &s fc3 !2Q SO H S fc'S wS 1 0-91 0-41 51 46-59 20-74 1 0-91 0-42 51 46-22 21-55 2 1-83 0-81 52 47-50 21-15 2 1-81 0-85 52 47-13 21-98 3 2-74 1-22 53 48-42 21-56 3 2'72 1-27 53 48-04 22-40 4 3-65 1-63 54 49-33 21-96 4 3-63 1-69 54 48-94 22-82 5 4-57 2-03 55 50-25 22-37 5 4-53 2-11 55 49-85 23-24 6 5-48 2-44 56 51-16 22-78 6 5-44 2-54 56 50-75 23-67 7 6-39 2-85 57 52-07 23-18 7 6-34 2-96 57 51-66 24-09 8 7-31 3-25 58 52-99 23-59 8 7-25 3-38 58 52-57 24-51 9 8-22 3-66 59 53-90 24-00 9 8-16 3-80 59 5-3-47 24-93 10 9-14 4-07 60 54-81 24-40 10 9-06 4-23 60 54-ci8 25-36 11 10-05 4-47 61 55-73 24-81 11 9-97 4-65 61 55-28 25-78 12 10-96 4-88 62 56-64 25-22 12 10-88 5-07 62 56-19 26-20 13 11-88 5-29 63 57-55 25-62 13 11-78 5-49 63 57-10 26-62 14 12-79 5-69 64 58-47 26-03 14 12-69 5-92 64 58-00 27-05 15 13-70 6*10 65 59-38 26-44 15 13-59 6-34 65 58-91 27-47 16 14-62 6-51 66 60-29 26-84 16 14-50 6-76 66 59-82 27-89 17 15-53 6"91 67 61-21 27"25 17 15-41 7-18 67 60-72 28-32 18 16-44 7-32 68 62-12 27-66 18 16-31 7-61 68 61-63 28-74 19 17-36 7-73 69 63-03 28-06 19 17-22 8-03 69 62-54 29-16 20 18-27 8-13 70 63-95 28-47 20 18-13 8-45 70 63-44 29-60 21 19-18 8-54 71 61-86 28-88 21 19-03 8-87 71 64-35 30-01 22 20-10 8-95 72 65-78 29-28 22 19-94 9-30 72 65-25 30-43 23 21-01 9-35 73 66-69 29-69 23 20-85 9-72 73 66-16 30-85 24 21-93 9-76 74 67-60 30-10 24 21-75 10-14 74 67-07 31-27 25 22-84 10-17 75 68-52 30-50 25 22-66 10-57 75 67-97 31-70 26 23-75 10-58 76 69-43 30-91 26 23-56 10-99 76 68-88 32-12 27 24-67 10-98 77 70-34 31-32 27 24-47 11-41 77 69-79 32-54 28 25-58 11-39 78 71-26 31-72 28 25-38 11-83 78 70-69 32-96 29 26-49 11-80 79 72-17 32-13 29 26-28 12-26 79 71-60 33-39 30 27-41 12-20 80 73-08 32-54 30 27-19 12-68 80 72-50 33-81 31 28-32 12-61 81 74-00 32-94 31 28-10 13-10 81 73-41 34-23 32 29-23 13-02 82 74-91 33-35 32 2y-oo 13-^2 82 74-32 34-65 33 30-15 13-42 83 75-82 33-76 33 29-91 13-95 83 75-22 35-C8 34 31-06 13-83 84 76-74 34-16 34 30-81 14-37 84 76*13 35-50 35 31-97 14-24 85 77-65 34-57 35 31-72 14-79 85 77-04 35-92 36 32-89 14-64 86 78-56 34-98 36 32-63 15-21 86 77-94 36-35 37 33-80 15-05 87 79-48 35-38 37 33"53 15-64 87 78-85 36-77 38 34-71 15-46 88 80-39 35-79 38 34-44 16-06 88 79-76 37-19 39 35-63 15-86 89 81-31 36-20 39 35-35 16-48 89 80-66 37-61 40 36'54 16-27 90 82-22 36-60 40 36-25 26-90 90 81-57 38-04 41 37-46 16-68 91 83-13 37'01 41 37-16 17-33 91 82-47 38-46 42 38-37 17-08 92 84'05 37-42 42 38-06 17-75 92 83-38 38'88 43 39-28 17-49 93 84-96 37-82 43 38-97 18-17 93 84-29 39-30 44 40-20 17-90 94 85-87 38-23 44 39-88 18-60 94 85-19 39-73 45 41-11 18-30 95 86-79 38-64 45 40-78 19-02 95 86-10 40-15 46 42-02 18-71 96 8770 39-04 46 41-69 19-44 96 87-01 40-57 47 42-04 19-12 97 88-61 39-45 47 42-60 19-86 97 87-91 40-99 48 43-85 19-52 98 89-53 39-86 48 43-50 20-29 98 88-82 41-42 49 44-76 19-93 99 90-44 40-26 49 44-41 20-71 99 89-72 41-84 50 45-68 20-34 100 91-35 40-67 50 45-32 21-13 100 90-63 42-26 E. or W. N. or S. E.or W. N. or S. E. or W N.or S. E.or W N. or S. 66 65 H 2 148 TRAVERSE TABLES. 26 27 W)* II d ;| * C M i fj sS *l it OB | c| 15 si wS h 3 w'S SJ K*S s IJ &l i 0-90 044 51 4584 22-36 1 089 0-45 51 45-44 23-15 2 1-80 0-88 52 4674 22-80 2 1-78 0-91 52 44-33 23-61 1 3 2-70 1-32 53 47-64 2^3 3 2-67 1-36 53 47"22 24-06 4 3-HO 1-75 54 48-53 -2367 4 3-56 1*82 54 48-11 24-52 5 4-49 2-19 55 49-43 2411 5 4-46 2-27 55 4901 24-97 6 5-39 2-63 56 50-S3 24-55 6 5-35 2-72 56 4990 25-42 7 6-29 3-07 57 51-23 24-99 7 6"24 3-18 57 50-79 25-88 8 7-19 3-50 58 52-13 25-43 8 7-13 3-63 58 51-68 26-33 9 8-09 395 59 53-03 25-86 9 8-02 4-09 59 52-57 2679 10 8-99 4-38 60 5393 26-30 10 8-91 4-54 60 53*46 27-24 11 9-89 4-82 61 54-83 26-74 11 9-80 4-99 61 54-35 27-69 12 10-79 5-26 62 55-73 '27-18 12 10-69 545 62 55-24 28-15 13 11-68 5-70 63 56-62 27-62 13 11-58 5-yo 63 56-13 28-60 14 12-58 6-14 64 57-52 28-06 14 12-47 6-36 64 57-02 29-06 15 13-48 6-58 65 58-42 28-49 15 13-37 6-81 65 5792 29-51 16 1438 7-01 66 59-32 28-93 16 14-26 7"2*i 66 58-81 29-96 17 15-28 745 67 60-22 29-37 17 15-15 7-72 67 59-70 3042 18 16-18 7-89 68 61-12 '29-81 18 16-04 8-17 68 60-59 30-87 19 17-08 833 69 62*02 30-25 19 16-93 8-63 69 61-48 31-33 20 17-98 8-77 70 62'92 30-69 20 17-b2 9-08 70 62-37 3178 21 18-87 9-21 71 6381 31-12 21 18-71 9-53 71 63-26 32-23 22 1977 9-64 72 64-71 31-56 22 iy-60 9-99 72 64-15 32-69 23 20-67 10-08 73 65-61 32-00 23 20-49 10-44 73 65-04 3314 24 21-57 10-52 74 66-51 32-44 24 21-38 10-90 74 65-93 33-60 25 22-47 10-96 75 67-41 32-88 25 22-28 11-35 75 66'83 34-05 26 2337 11-40 76 6^-31 33-32 26 23-17 11-80 76 67-72 34-50 27 24-27 11-84 77 69-21 33-75 27 24-06 1226 77 68-61 34-96 28 25-17 12-27 78 70-11 34-19 28 24-95 12-71 78 69-50 35- -11 29 26-06 12-71 79 71-00 34-63 29 2584 13-17 79 70-39 3587 30 2696 13-15 80 71-90 35-07 30 26-73 13-62 80 71-28 36*32 31 2786 13-59 81 72-80 35-51 31 27-63 14-07 81 72-17 36-77 32 1403 82 73-70 35-95 32 2851 14*53 82 73-06 37-23 33 29-66 14-47 83 74-60 36-38 33 29-40 14-98 83 73-95 37-68 34 30-56 14-90 84 75-50 36-82 34 30-29 15-44 84 74-84 3814 35 31-46 1534 85 76-40 37*26 35 3i-iy 15-89 85 75-74 38-o9 36 32-36 15-78 86 77-30 37-70 36 32-OS 16-34 86 76-63 39-04 37 33-2t> 1622 87 78-19 38*14 37 3297 16-80 87 77-52 39-50 38 34-15 16-66 88 79-09 38*58 38 33-86 17-25 88 78-41 39-95 39 35-05 1710 89 79-99 39-02 39 3475 17*71 89 79*30 40-41 40 3595 17-53 90 80-89 39-45 40 35-64 18-16 90 80-19 40-88 41 36'85 17-97 91 81-79 39-89 41 36-53 18-61 91 81-08 41-31 42 37-75 18-41 92 82-69 40-33 42 37-42 1907 92 81-97 41-77 43 38-65 18-85 93 83-59 40-77 43 38-31 19-52 93 82-86 42-22 44 19-29 94 84-49 41-2 [ 44 39-20 19-98 94 83-75 42-63 45 40-45 19-73 95 85-39 41-65 45 40-10 2043 95 84-65 43-13 46 41-34 20-17 96 86-28 42-<8 46 40-99 20-88 96 85-54 4358 47 42-24 20-60 97 87-18 42-52 47 41-88 21-34 97 86-43 44-04 48 43-14 21-04 98 88'08 4296 48 42-77 21-79 98 87-32 44-49 49 44-04 21-48 99 88-98 43-40 49 43-66 22-25 99 88-21 4495 50 44-94 21-92 100 89-88 43-84 50 44-55 22-70 100 89-10 45'40 E. orW. N.orS. E.orW. N.orS. E. or W. N. or S. E.orW. N.orS. 64* 63 fEAVEESE TABLES. 149 23 29 LD ' * -g bcj2 8 g j 3 fe -g bcco . 8 &s CO j2 i-i *- ji - bx> '* a 00 .1 1 s .2 5 s "S Is 3j C Is s J fcQ wS & 3 wa ffl S $25 S w"5 a j $3 3 WQ x 0-88 0-47 51 45-03 23-94 1 0-87 0-48 51 44-61 24-73 2 1-77 0-94 52 45-91 2441 2 1-75 097 52 45'48 25-21 3 2-65 1-41 53 46-80 24-88 3 2-62 1-45 53 46-35 25-69 4 3-53 1-88 54 4768 2535 4 3-50 1-94 54 47-23 26-18 5 4-41 2-35 55 48-56 25-82 5 4-37 2-42 55 48-10 26-66 : 6 5-30 2-82 56 49-45 26"29 6 5-25 291 56 48-98 27-15 7 6-18 3-29 57 50-33 26-76 7 612 3-39 57 49-85 27-63 8 7-06 3-76 58 51-21 27-23 8 7-00 3-88 58 50-73 28-12 9 795 4-23 59 52-09 27-70 9 7-87 4-36 59 51-60 28-60 10 8-83 4-69 60 52-98 28-17 10 875 4-85 60 52-48 29-09 11 971 6-16 61 53-86 28-64 11 9-62 5-33 61 53-35 29-57 12 10-60 5-63 62 54-76 29-11 12 10-50 5-82 62 54-23 30-06 13 11-48 6-10 63 55-63 29-58 13 11-37 6-30 63 55-10 3054 14 12-H6 6-57 64 56-51 30-05 14 12-24 679 64 55-9:5 3103 15 13-24 7-04 65 57-39 30-52 15 13-12 7-27 65 56-85 31-51 16 14-13 7-51 66 58-27 30-99 16 1399 776 66 57-72 32-. .0 17 15-01 7-98 67 59-16 3145 17 14-87 8-24 67 5860 3'2-48 18 15-89 8-i5 68 60-04 31 -9'2 18 1574 873 68 59-47 32-97 19 16-78 8-92 69 60-92 3239 19 16-62 921 69 60-35 33-45 20 17-66 9-39 70 61-81 32-86 20 17-49 970 70 6122 3394 21 18-54 9-86 71 62-69 33-33 51 18-37 10-13 71 62-10 34-42 22 19-42 10-33 72 63-57 33-80 22 19-24 10-67 72 62-97 34-91 23 20-31 10-80 73 6446 34-27 23 201-2 11-15 73 63-85 35-39 24 21-19 11-27 74 65-34 34-74 24 20-99 11-64 74 6472 3588 25 22-07 11-74 75 66-22 35-21 25 21-87 12-12 75 6560 36-36 26 22-96 12-21 76 67-10 35-68 26 2-2-74 12-61 76 66-47 36-85 27 23-84 12-68 77 67-9.9 36-15 27 23-61 13-09 77 67-35 37-33 28 24-72 1315 78 6887 3662 28 2449 13-57 78 6822 37-82 29 25-61 1361 79 6975 37 (>9 29 25-36 14-06 79 69-09 38'HO 30 26-49 14-U8 80 70-64 37-56 30 26-24 14-54 80 69-97 38-78 31 27-37 14-55 81 71-52 38-03 31 27-11 15-03 81 70-84 3927 32 28-25 15-02 82 72-40 38-50 32 27-99 15-51 82 7172 39-75 33 29-14 15-49 83 73*28 38-97 33 28-86 1600 83 72-59 40-24 34 30-02 15-96 84 74-17 39-44 34 29-74 16-48 84 73-47 40-72 35 30-90 16-43 85 75-05 39-91 35 30-61 16-97 85 74-34 41-21 36 31-79 1690 86 75-93 4037 36 31-49 17-45 86 75-22 41-69 37 32-67 17-37 87 76-82 40-84 37 32-36 1794 87 76-09 42-18 38 33-55 17-84 *-<8 77-70 41-31 38 3.5*23 18-42 88 76-97 4266 39 34-43 1831 89 78-58 41-78 39 34-11 18-91 89 77-84 43-15 40 35-32 18-78 90 79-47 42-25 40 3498 19-39 90 78-72 43-63 41 36-20 19-25 91 80-35 42-72 41 3586 19-88 91 79-59 44-12 42 37-08 1972 92 81-23 4319 42 36-73 20-36 92 80*47 44-60 43 3797 20-19 93 82-11 43-66 43 37-61 2085 93 81-34 45-02 44 3885 20-66 94 83-CO 44-13 44 3848 21-33 94 82-21 45-57 45 3973 21-13 95 83-88 44-60 45 39-36 21-82 95 83-09 46-06 46 40-62 21-60 96 84-76 45-07 46 40-24 22-30 95 83-96 46-54 47 41-50 22"! >7 97 h5-65 45-54 47 4111 2279 97 84-84 47-03 48 42-38 2253 98 8653 46-01 48 41-98 23-27 98 85-71 47-51 49 43-26 23-00 99 87-41 46-48 49 4286 23-76 99 86*59 48-00 60 44-15 23-47 100 8829 4695 50 43-73 2424 100 87-46 48-48 E.orW. N. or S. E.orW. N.orS. E. or W. N.orS. E.orW. N.or S. 62 61' 150 TBAYERSE TABLES. 30 31 apja r 1 *3 CO B | *g .I 8 If r/5 | 1 of ti * |1 5 B y o| If o| to 03 = o| o| 22 i-3 53' S ffi^ a 5 55* Q HQ ffijq 55 S BQ 1 0-87 0-50 51 44-17 25-60 1 0-86 0-52 51 43-72 26-27 2 1-73 i-oo 52 45-03 26-00 2 1-71 1-03 52 44-57 26-78 3 2-60 1-50 53 45-90 26-50 3 2-57 1-55 53 45-43 27-30 4 3-46 2-00 54 46-77 27-00 4 3-43 2-06 54 46-29 27-81 5 4-33 2-50 55 47-63 27-50 5 4-29 2-58 55 47-14 28-33 6 5-20 3-00 56 48-50 28-00 6 5-14 3-09 56 48-00 28-84 7 6-06 3-50 57 49-36 28-50 7 6-00 3-61 57 48-86 29-36 8 6-93 4-00 58 50-23 29-00 8 6-86 4-12 58 49-72 29-87 9 7-79 4-50 59 51-10 29-50 9 7-71 4-64 59 50-57 30-39 10 8-66 6-00 60 51-96 30-00 10 8-57 5-16 60 51-43 30-90 It 9-53 6-50 61 52-83 30-50 11 9-43 5-67 61 52-29 31-42 12 10-39 6-00 62 53-69 31-00 12 10-29 6-18 62 53-14 31-93 13 11-26 6-50 63 54-56 31-50 13 11-14 6-70 63 54-00 32-45 14 12-12 7-00 64 55-43 32-00 14 12-00 7-21 64 54-83 32-96 15 12-99 7-50 65 56'29 32-50 15 12-86 7-73 65 55-72 33-48 16 13-86 8-00 66 57-16 33-00 16 13-71 8-24 66 56-57 33-99 17 14-72 8-50 67 58-02 33-50 17 14-57 8-76 67 57-43 34-51 18 15-59 9-00 68 58-89 34-00 18 15-43 9-27 68 58".'9 35-02 19 16-45 9-50 69 59-76 34-50 19 16-29 9-79 69 59-14 35-54 20 17-32 10-00 70 60-62 35-00 20 17-14 10-30 70 60-00 36-05 21 18-19 10-50 71 61-49 35-50 21 18-00 10-82 71 60-86 36-57 22 19-05 11-00 72 62-35 36-00 22 18-86 11-33 72 61-72 37-08 23 19-92 11-50 73 63-22 36-50 23 19-71 11-85 73 62-57 37-60 24 20-78 12-00 74 64-09 37-00 24 20-58 12-36 74 63-43 38-11 25 21-65 12-50 75 64-95 37-50 25 21-43 12-88 75 64-29 38-63 26 22-52 13-00 76 65-82 38-00 26 22-29 13-39 76 65-14 39-14 27 23-38 13-50 77 66-68 38-50 27 23-14 13-91 77 66-00 39-66 28 24-25 14-00 78 67-55 39-00 28 24-00 14-42 78 66-86 40-17 29 25-11 14-50 79 68-42 39-50 29 24-86 : 14-94 79 67-72 40-69 30 25-98 15-00 80 69-28 40-00 30 25-72 15-45 80 68-57 41-20 81 26-85 15-50 81 70-15 40-50 31 26-57 15-97 81 69-43 41-72 32 27-71 16-00 82 71-01 41-oO 32 27-43 16-48 82 70-29 42-23 33 28-58 16-50 83 71-88 41-50 33 28-29 17-00 83 71-15 42-75 34 29-44 17-00 84 72-75 42-00 34 29-14 17-51 84 72-00 43-26 35 30-31 17-50 85 73-61 42-50 35 30-00 18-03 85 72-86 43-78 36 31-18 18-00 86 74-43 43-00 36 30-86 18-54 86 73-72 44-29 37 32-04 18-50 87 75-35 43-50 37 31-72 19-06 87 74-57 44'81 38 32-91 19-00 88 76-21 44-00 38 32-57 19-57 88 7543 45-32 39 33-78 19'50 89 77-08 44-50 39 33-43 20-09 89 76-29 45-84 40 34-64 20-00 90 77-94 45-00 40 34-29 20-60 90 77-15 46-35 41 35-51 20-50 91 78-81 45-50 41 35-14 21-12 91 78-00 46-87 42 36-37 21-00 92 79-68 46-00 42 36-00 2163 92 78-86 47-38 43 37-24 21-50 93 80-54 46-50 43 36-86 22-15 93 7972 47-90 44 38-11 22-00 94 81-41 47-00 44 37-72 2266 94 80-57 48-41 45 38-97 22-5Q 95 82-27 47-50 45 38-57 23-18 95 81-43 48-93 46 39-84 23-00 96 83-14 48-00 46 39-43 23-69 96 82-29 49-44 47 40-70 28-50 97 84-00 48-50 47 40-29 24-21 97 83-15 49-96 48 41-57 24-00 98 84-87 49-00 48 41 14 24-72 98 84-00 50-47 49 42-44 24-50 99 85-74 49-50 49 42-00 25-24 99 84-86 50-99 60 43-30 25-00 100 86-60 60-00 50 42-86 25-75 100 85-72 51-50 E. or W. 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N. or S, 60 $9' TRAYE11SE TABLES. 151 32* 33 rt o * si ' be = S ?i a >1 6D5S 11 >I s'l It s| ?'! aj fc'S a m^ 3 B*Q MJ S5Q B'Q ffl ^ &'S wS i 0-85 0*53 51 43-25 27-03 1 0-84 0-54 51 42-77 27-78 2 1-70 1-06 52 44-10 27-56 2 1-68 1-09 52 43-61 28-32 3 2-54 1-59 53 44-59 28*09 3 2-52 1-63 53 44-45 28-87 4 3-39 2-12 54 45-79 -28-62 4 3-35 2-18 54 45-29 29-41 5 4-24 2-65 55 46-64 29-15 5 4-19 2-79 55 46-13 29'9t> 6 5-09 3-18 56 47-49 29-68 6 5-03 3-27 56 46-97 30-50 7 5-94 3-71 57 48-84 30-21 7 5-87 3-81 57 47-80 31-05 8 6-78 4-23 58 49-19 30-74 8 6-71 4-36 58 48-64 31-59 9 7*63 4*77 59 50-03 31-27 9 7-55 4-90 59 49-48 32-15 10 8-48 5-30 60 50-88 31-80 10 8-39 5-45 60 50-32 32-68 11 9-33 5-83 61 51-73 32-33 11 9-23 5-99 61 51-16 33-22 12 10-18 6*36 62 52-58 32-86 12 10-06 6-54 62 52-00 33-77 13 11-02 6*89 63 53'43 33-38 13 10-90 7-08 63 62-84 34-31 14 1T87 7-42 64 54-28 33-91 14 1174 7-62 64 53-67 34-86 15 12-72 7-95 65 55-12 34-44 15 12-58 8-17 65 54-51 35-40 16 13-57 8-48 66 55-97 34-97 16 13-42 8-71 66 55-35 35-95 17 14-42 9*01 67 56-82 35-50 17 14-26 9-26 67 56-19 36-49 IS 15-26 9-54 68 57-67 36-03 18 15-10 9-80 68 57-03 37-04 19 16-11 10-07 69 58-57 36-56 19 15-93 10-35 69 57-87 37-58 20 16-96 10-60 70 59-36 37-09 20 16-77 10-89 70 58-71 38-13 21 17-81 11-13 71 60-21 37-62 21 17-61 11-44 71 59-55 38-67 22 18-66 11-66 72 61-06 38-15 22 18-45 11-98 72 60-38 39-21 23 19-51 12-19 73 61-91 38-68 23 19-29 12-53 73 61-22 39-76 24 20-35 12-72 74 62-76 39-21 24 2"'13 13-07 74 62-06 4 i-30 25 21-20 13-25 75 63-60 39-74 25 20-97 13-62 75 62-90 40-85 26 22-05 13-78 76 64-45 40-27 26 21-81 14-16 76 63-74 41-39 27 22-90 14-31 77 65-30 40-80 27 22-64 14-71 77 64-58 41-94 28 23-75 14-84 78 66-15 41-33 28 23-48 15-25 78 65-42 42-48 29 24-59 15-37 79 67-00 41-86 29 24-32 15-79 79 66-25 43-03 30 25-44 15-90 80 67-84 42-39 30 25-16 16-34 80 67-09 43-57 31 26-29 16-43 81 68-69 42-92 31 26-00 16-88 81 67-93 44-12 32 27-14 16-98 82 69-54 43-45 32 26-84 17-43 82 68-77 44-66 33 27-99 17-49 83 70-39 43-98 33 27-68 17-97 83 69-61 45-21 34 28-83 18-02 84 71-24 44-51 34 28-51 18'. 2 84 70-45 45-75 35 29^68 : 18-55 85 72-08 45-04 35 19-06 85 71-29 46-29 36 30-53 19-08 86 72-93 45-57 36 30-19 19-61 86 72-13 46-84 37 31-38 19-61 87 73-78 46-10 37 31-03 20-15 ' 87 72-96 47-38 38 32-23 20-14 88 74-63 46-63 38 31-87 20-70 88 73-80 47-93 39 33-07 20-67 89 75-48 47-16 39 32-71 ' 21-24 89 74-64 48-47 40 33-92 21-20 90 76-32 47-69 40 33-55 ! 21-79 9J 75-48 49-02 41 34-77 21-73 91 77*17 48-22 41 34-39 22-33 91 76-32 49-56 42 35-62 22-26 92 78*02 48-75 42 ' 35-22 22-88 92 77-16 50-11 43 36-47 22-79 93 78-87 49-28 43 ' 36-06 23-42 93 78-00 50-65 44 37-31 23-32 94 79-72 49-81 44 36-90 23-97 94 78-83 51-20 45 38-16 23-85 95 80-56 50-34 45 37-74 24-51 95 79-67 51-74 46 39-01 24-38 96 81-41 50-87 46 38-58 25-05 96 80-51 52-29 47 39-86 24-91 97 82-26 51-40 47 39-42 25-60 97 81-35 52-83 48 40-71 25-44 98 83-11 ! 51-93 48 40-26 26-14 98 82-19 53-37 49 41-55 25-97 99 83-96 52-46 49 41-09 26-69 99 83-03 53-92 50 42-40 26-50 100 84-81 ' 52-99 50 41-93 27-23 100 83-87 54-46 . 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N.or S. 58 57 TEA VERSE TABLES. 84 35 ' *g 02 . *i e* TO | tt ?! 02 1 *j t>c ? c ao 8 1*1 12 l y CM * C M 'E SUD a* s o| SJ u i cS C ?., 3 o *-" gj 3 fcQ KG *3 fc5 H*3 o> a; X J 25 3 ;s'S S>J *5 w"3 i 0-S3 056 51 42-28 2852 1 0-82 0*57 51 41-78 29-25 2 l-t:6 1-1*2 52 43-11 29-08 2 164 1*15 52 42-50 29-83 3 2-49 1-68 53 43-94 2964 3 2-46 1-72 53 43-41 30-40 4 332 2-24 54 44-77 30-20 4 3-28 2-29 54 44-23 30-97 5 4-15 2-80 55 4560 3076 5 4-10 2-87 55 45-05 31-55 6 4-97 3-36 56 46-43 31-31 6 4-91 3-44 56 45-87 3-2-12 7 5'80 3-91 57 47-26 31-87 7 5-73 4-02 57 46-69 32-69 8 6-*3 4-47 58 48-08 32-43 8 6-55 4-59 58 47-51 3327 9 7-46 503 59 48-91 32-99 9 7-37 5-16 59 48-33 33-64 10 8-29 5-59 60 49-74 3355 10 8-19 5-74 60 4915 3441 11 9-12 6-15 61 50*57 34-11 11 9-01 6-31 61 49-97 34-99 12 9-95 671 62 51-40 34-67 12 9*3 688 62 50-79 35-56 13 1078 7-27 63 52-23 35-23 13 10-65 7-46 63 5161 36-14 14 11-61 7-83 64 53-06 35-79 14 11-47 8-03 64 52-43 36-71 15 12-44 8-39 65 53-89 36-35 15 1229 860 65 53-24 37-28 16 13-26 895 66 54-72 36-91 16 13-11 9-18 66 54-06 37-86 17 14-09 9-51 67 55-55 37-47 17 1393 9-75 67 54-88 38-43 18 14-92 10-07 68 56-37 38-02 18 14*74 10-32 68 55-70 39-00 19 1575 1062 69 57 "20 38-58 19 15-56 10-9U 69 56-52 39-58 20 1658 11-18 70 58-03 39-14 20 16-dS 11-47 70 57-34 4015 21 1741 11-74 71 58-86 39-70 21 17-20 12-05 71 58-16 40-72 22 1824 12-30 72 59-69 40-26 22 1802 12-62 72 58-98 41-30 23 1907 12-86 73 60-52 4li-8'2 23 18-84 13-19 73 59-80 41-87 24 19-90 13*42 74 61-35 4138 24 19-66 13-77 74 60*62 42-44 25 20-73 13-98 75 6218 41-94 25 20-48 14-34 75 61-44 43-02 26 21-56 14-54 76 63-01 42-50 26 21-30 14-91 76 62-26 43-59 27 22-38 16-10 77 63-84 43-06 27 22-12 15-49 77 63-07 44-17 28 23-21 15-66 78 64-67 43-62 28 22-94 1606 78 63-89 44-74 29 24-04 16-22 79 65-49 44-18 29 2376 16-63 79 64-71 45-41 30 24-87 16-78 80 66-32 44-74 30 24-57 17-21 80 65'53 45-89 31 25-70 17-33 81 67*15 45-29 31 25-39 17-78 81 66-35 46-46 32 26-53 17-89 82 67-98 45-85 32 26-21 18-35 82 67-17 47-03 33 27-36 18-45 83 68-81 46-41 33 27-03 18-93 83 67-99 47-61 34 ^8-19 19-01 84 69-64 46-97 34 '27-85 19-50 84 68-81 48-18 35 29-02 1957 85 70-47 47-53 35 28-67 20-08 85 69-63 48-75 36 29-85 20-13 86 71-30 48-09 36 29-49 20-65 86 70-45 49-33 37 8067 20*69 87 72-13 48-65 37 3031 21-22 87 71-27 49-90 38 81-50 2125 88 72-96 49-21 38 31-13 21-80 88 72-09 50-48 39 32-33 21-81 89 73-78 49-77 39 31-95 22-37 89 72-90 51-05 40 3316 22-37 90 74-61 60-33 40 32-77 22-94 90 73-72 61-62 41 33-99 22-93 91 75'44 50-89 41 33-59 23-52 91 7454 52-20 42 34-82 23-49 92 76-27 51-45 42 3440 24-09 92 75-36 5277 43 35-65 24-05 93 77-10 52-00 43 35-22 24-66 93 76-18 53-34 44 36-48 24-60 94 77-93 52-56 44 36-04 25-24 94 77-00 53-92 45 37-31 25-16 95 78-76 5312 45 36-86 25-81 95 77-82 54-49 4>i 38-14 25-72 96 79-59 5368 46 37-68 26-38 96 78-64 55-06 47 38-96 26-28 97 80-42 54-24 47 38-50 2696 97 7946 5564 48 39-79 26-84 98 81-25 5480 48 39-32 27-53 98 80-28 56-21 49 40-62 27-40 99 82-07 55-36 49 40-14 28-11 99 8110 5678 50 41-45 27-96 100 82-90 5592 50 40-96 28-68 100 8192 57-36 E. orW. N. orS. E.orW. N. orS. E.or W. N. or S. E.orW. N. or S. 56 55 TRAVERSE TABLES. 153 36* 37 |j ril t'l scj2 I i\ hr :** *l ii jrS | *i " y) t- 3 * 2 Z So o * n * " to * bJ ti ^3 bj 4 S3 X as C O to c a c t 08 = c "So o tc ffi3 fc'3 WQ 3 55*3 UG zs 55 S Bft aj ^Q wS 1 0'81 0-59 51 41-26 29-98 1 0-80 0-60 51 40-73 30-69 2 1'6'2 1-18 52 42*07 30-57 2 1-60 1-20 52 41-53 31-29 3 2-43 1-76 53 42-88 31-15 3 2'40 1-81 53 42-33 31-90 4 3'24 2-35 54 43-69 31-74 4 3-19 2-41 54 43-13 32-50 5 4-05 2-94 55 44-50 32-33 5 3-99 3-01 55 43-93 33-10 6 4-85 3-53 56 45-31 32-92 6 4-79 3-61 56 44-72 33-70 7 5'66 4-12 57 46-11 33-50 7 5-59 4-21 57 45-52 34-30 8 6-47 4-70 58 46-92 34-09 8 6-39 4-81 58 46-32 34-90 9 7-28 5"29 59 47-73 34-68 9 7-19 5-42 59 47-12 35-51 10 8-09 5-88 60 48-54 35-27 10 7-99 6-02 60 47-92 36-11 11 8'90 6'47 61 49-35 35-86 11 8-79 6-62 61 48-72 36-71 12 9-71 7-05 62 50-16 36-44 12 9-58 7-22 62 49-52 37-31 13 10-52 7-64 63 50-97 37-03 13 10-38 7-82 63 50-31 37-91 14 11-33 8-23 64 51-78 37-62 14 11-18 8-43 64 51'11 38-52 15 12-14 8-82 65 52-59 38-21 15 11-98 9-03 65 51-91 39-12 16 12-94 9*40 66 53-40 3S-79 16 12-78 9-63 66 52-71 39-72 17 13-75 9-99 67 54-20 39-38 17 13-58 10-23 67 53-51 40-32 18 14-56 10-58 68 55-01 39-97 18 14-38 10-83 68 54-31 40-92 19 15-37 11-17 69 55-82 40-56 19 15-17 11-43 69 55-11 41-52 20 16-18 11-76 70 56-63 41-14 20 15-97 12-04 70 55-90 42-13 21 16-99 12-34 71 57-44 41-73 21 16-77 12-64 71 56-70 42-73 22 17-80 12-93 72 58-25 42-32 22 17-57 13-24 72 57-50 43-33 ! 23 18-61 13-52 73 59-06 42-91 23 18-37 13-84 73 58-30 43-93 24 19-42 14-11 74 59-87 43-50 24 19-17 14-44 74 59-10 44-53 ! 25 20-23 14-69 75 60-68 44-08 25 19-97 15-05 75 59-90 45-14 26 21-03 15-28 76 61-49 44-67 26 20-76 15-65 76 60-70 45-74 27 21-84 15-87 77 62-29 45-26 27 21-56 16-25 77 61-50 46-34 28 22-65 16-46 78 63-10 45-85 28 22-36 16-85 78 62-29 46-94 29 23-46 17-05 79 63-91 46-44 29 23-16 17-45 79 63-09 47-54 30 24-tfT 17-63 80 64-72 47-02 30 23-96 18-05 80 63-89 48-14 81 25-08 18-22 81 65-53 47-61 31 24-76 18-66 81 64*69 48-75 32 25-89 18-81 82 66-34 48-20 32 25-56 19-26 82 65-49 49-35 33 26-70 19-40 83 67-15 48-79 33 26-36 19-86 83 66-29 49-95 34 27-51 19-98 84 67-96 49-37 34 27-15 20-46 84 67*09 60-55 35 28-32 20-57 85 68-77 49-96 35 27-95 21-06 85 67-88 51-15 36 29-12 21-16 86 69-58 50-55 36 28-75 21-67 86 88*68 51-76 37 29-93 21-75 87 70-38 51-14 37 29-55 22-27 87 69-48 52-36 38 30-74 22-34 88 71-19 51-73 38 30-35 22-87 88 70-28 52-96 39 31-55 22-92 89 72-00 52-31 39 31-15 23-47 89 71-08 53-56 40 32-36 23-51 90 72-81 62-90 40 31-95 24-07 90 71-88 54-16 41 33-17 24-10 91 73-62 53-49 41 32-74 24-67 91 72-68 54-76 42 33-98 24-69 92 74-43 54-08 42 33-54 25-28 92 73-47 55-37 43 34-79 25-27 93 75-24 54-66 43 34-34 25-88 93 74-27 55-97 44 35-60 25-86 94 76-05 55-25 44 35-14 26-48 94 75-07 56-57 45 36-41 26-45 95 76-36 55-84 45 35-94 27-08 95 75-87 57-17 46 37-21 '27-04 96 77-67 56-43 46 36-74 27-68 98 76-67 57-77 47 38-02 27-63 97 78-47 57-02 47 37-54 28-29 97 77-47 58-38 48 38-83 28-21 98 79-28 57-60 48 38-33 28-89 98 78-27 58-98 49 39-64 28-80 99 80-o9 58-19 49 39-13 29-49 99 79-07 59-58 50 40-45 29-39 100 80-90 58-78 50 39-93 30-09 100 79-86 60-18 E.or W N.orS. E.or W N. or S. E.or W N.orS. jE. or W N. or S 54 53 \ '6 154 TB1YERSE TABLES. 38 39 jjjj 02 | icj >' 1 1 9* 03 ^ ti ! *! M tc s .f (H X. ~ c ** ^ o ? : a sj o * 1 *f fH MJ fciS w'S a j "3 BQ SJ JZJ3 B*Q & fc'3 BQ 1 0-79 0-62 51 40-19 31-40 1 0-78 0-63 51 39-63 32-09 2 1-58 1-23 52 40-98 3201 2 1-55 1-26 52 40-41 3272 3 2-36 1-85 53 41-76 3263 3 2-33 1-89 53 41-19 33-35 4 3-15 2-46 54 42-55 3325 4 3-11 2-52 54 41-97 33-98 5 394 3-08 55 43-34 33-86 5 3-89 3-15 35 42-74 34-61 6 4-73 3-69 56 44-13 34-48 6 4-68 3-78 56 43-52 35-24 7 552 4-31 57 44-92 35-09 7 5-44 4-41 57 44-30 35-87 8 6-30 4-93 58 45-70 35-71 8 6-22 5' 3 58 45-07 36-50 9 7-09 5-54 59 46-49 36-32 9 6-99 566 59 4583 37-13 10 7-88 6-16 60 47-28 36-94 10 7-77 629 60 46-63 37-76 11 8-67 6-77 61 48-07 37-56 11 8-55 6-92 61 47-41 38-39 12 9*46 T "39 62 48-86 38-17 12 9-33 7-55 62 48-18 39-02 13 1024 8-00 63 49-64 38-79 13 10-10 8-18 63 48-96 3965 14 11"' 3 8-62 64 50-43 39-40 14 10-88 8-81 64 49-74 40-28 15 11-82 9-23 65 51-22 40-02 15 11-66 9-44 65 50-51 40-91 16 12-61 9-85 66 52-01 40-63 16 12-43 1007 66 51-29 41-53 17 13-40 10-47 67 5280 4125 17 13-21 10-70 67 5207 4216 18 14-18 11-08 68 53-58 41-86 18 13-99 1133 68 52-85 42-79 19 14-97 11-70 69 54-37 42-48 19 14-77 1196 69 53-62 43-42 20 15-76 12-31 70 5516 43-10 20 1554 12-59 70 54-40 4405 21 16-55 12-93 71 55-95 4371 21 16-32 13-22 71 55-18 44-68 22 17-34 1354 72 56-74 4433 22 17-10 13-84 72 55-95 45-31 23 18-12 14-16 73 57-52 44-94 23 1787 14-47 73 56-73 45-94 24 18-91 14-78 74 58-31 45-56 24 18-65 15-10 74 5751 4657 25 19-70 15-39 75 59-10 46-17 25 19-43 15-73 75 58 -29 47-20 26 20-49 16-01 76 59-89 46-79 26 20-21 16-36 76 5906 47-83 27 21-28 16-62 77 60-68 47-41 27 20-98 1699 77 5984 48-46 28 22-06 1724 78 61-46 48-02 28 2176 17-62 78 60-62 49-09 29 22-85 17-85 79 62-25 48-64 29 2-2-54 18-25 79 61-39 49-72 30 23-64 18-47 80 63-04 49-25 30 23-31 18-88 80 62-17 50-34 31 24-43 19-09 81 63-83 49-87 31 24-09 19-51 81 62-95 50-97 32 2522 19-70 82 64-62 50-48 32 24-87 20-14 82 63-73 51-60 33 2600 20-32 83 65-40 51-10 33 25-65 20-77 83 6450 52"23 34 26-79 20-93 84 66-19 51-72 34 26-42 21-40 84 6528 52-86- 35 27-58 21-55 85 66-98 52-33 35 27-20 22-03 85 66-06 5349 36 28-37 2216 86 67-77 52-95 36 27-98 22-66 86 66-83 54-12 37 29-16 22-78 87 6856 53-56 37 28-75 23-28 87 67-61 54-75 38 29-94 23-40 88 69-34 54-18 38 29-53 23-91 88 68-39 5538 39 30-73 24-01 89 70-13 54-79 39 30-31 2454 89 69-17 56-cl 40 31-52 24-63 90 70-92 5541 40 31-09 25-17 90 69-94 56-64 41 3231 25-24 91 71-71 56-03 41 31-86 25-80 91 70-72 57-27 42 33-10 25-86 92 72-50 56-64 42 32-64 26-43 92 71-50 57-90 43 33-88 26-47 93 73-28 57-26 43 33-42 2706 93 72-27 5853 44 34-67 27-09 94 74-07 57-87 44 34-19 27-69 94 73-05 5916 45 35-46 2770 95 74-86 58-49 45 34-97 28-32 95 73-83 59-78 46 36-25 28-32 96 75-65 59-10 46 35-75 28-95 96 74-61 60-41 47 37-04 28-94 97 76-44 59-72 47 3653 2958 97 75-38 61-04 48 3782 29-55 98 77-22 60-33 48 37-30 30-21 98 76-16 61-67 49 3861 30-17 99 78-01 60-95 49 38-08 30-84 99 76-94 6230 50 39-40 30-78 100 78-80 61-57 50 38-86 31-47 100 77-72 62-93 E.orW N.orS E.orW N.orS E.orW N.orS JE.orW N.orS. 52 51 TEA YE BSE TABLES. 155 40 41 fjg 02 *i a rfj l c| 02 *t g| f *i : ti SS nj o to 5!? *J *J 2 "So S3 & o| s| - be oS c SH "& o si 3 22 J fe'3 w'S 3 fc*Q a* 5 ffl J 55 S WQ 3 ri| WQ 1 0-77 0-64 51 39-07 32-78 1 0-75 0-66 51 38-49 33-46 2 1-33 1-29 52 39-83 33-43 2 1-51 1-31 52 39-24 34-12 3 2'30 1-93 53 40-60 34-07 3 2-26 1-97 53 40-00 34-77 4 3-06 2-57 54 41-37 34-71 4 3-02 2-62 54 40-75 35-43 5 3'81 3-21 55 42-13 35-35 5 3-77 3-28 55 41-51 36-08 6 4-60 3-86 56 42-90 36-00 6 4-53 3-94 56 42-26 36-74 7 5-36 4-50 57 43-66 36-64 7 5-28 4-59 57 43-02 37-40 8 6-13 5-14 58 44-43 37-28 8 6-04 5-25 58 43-77 38-05 9 6-89 5-79 59 45-20 37-93 9 6-79 5-90 59 44-53 38-71 10 7'66 6-43 60 45-96 38-57 10 7'55 6'56 60 45-28 39-36 11 8'43 7'07 61 46-73 39-21 11 8-30 7-22 61 46-04 40-02 12 9-19 7'71 62 47-49 39-85 12 9-06 7'87 62 46-79 40-68 13 9-96 8-36 63 48-26 40-50 13 9'81 8-53 63 47-55 41-33 14 10-72 9-00 64 49-03 41-14 14 10*57 9-18 64 48-30 41-99 15 11-49 9-64 65 49-79 41-78 15 11-32 9-84 65 49-06 42-64 lt> 12-26 10-28 66 50-56 42-43 16 12-08 10-50 66 49-81 43-30 17 13-02 10-93 67 51-32 43-07 17 12-83 11-15 67 50-57 43-96 18 13-79 11-57 68 52-09 43-71 18 13-58 11-81 68 51-32 44-61 19 14-55 12-21 69 52-86 44-35 19 14-34 12-47 69 52-07 45-27 20 15-32 12-86 70 53-62 45-00 20 15-09 13-12 70 52-83 45-92 21 16-09 13-50 71 54-39 45-64 21 15-85 13-78 71 53-58 46-58 22 16-85 14-14 72 55-15 46-28 22 16'fJO 14-43 72 54-34 47-24 23 17-62 14-78 73 55-92 46-92 23 17-36 15-09 73 55-09 47-89 24 18-38 15-43 74 5(i-69 47-57 24 18-11 15-75 74 55-85 48-55 25 19-15 16-07 75 57-45 48-21 25 18'87 16-40 75 56-60 49-20 26 19-92 16-71 76 58-22 48-85 26 19-62 17-06 76 57-36 49-86 27 20-68 17-36 77 58-99 49-49 27 20-38 17-71 77 58-11 50-52 28 21-45 18-00 78 59-75 50-14 28 21-13 18-37 78 58-87 51-17 29 22-21 18-64 79 60-52 50-78 29 21-89 19-03 79 59-62 51-83 30 22-98 19-28 80 61-30 51-42 30 22-64 19-68 80 60-38 52-48 31 23-75 19-93 81 62^05 52-07 31 23-40 20-34 81 6M3 53-14 32 24-51 20'57 82 62-82 52-71 32 24-15 20-99 82 61-89 53-80 33 25-28 21-21 83 62-58 53-35 33 24-91 21-65 83 62-64 54-45 34 26-05 21^85 84 64-35 53-99 34 25-66 22-31 84 63-40 55-11 35 26-81 22-50 85 65-11 54-64 35 26-41 22-96 85 64-15 55-77 36 27-58 23-14 86 65-88 55-28 36 2747 23-62 86 64-91 56-42 37 28-34 23-78 87 66-65 55-92 37 27-92 24-27 87 65-66 57-08 38 29-11 24-43 88 67-41 56-57 38 28-68 24-93 88 66-41 57-73 89 29-88 25-07 89 68-18 57-21 39 29-43 25-59 89 67-17 58-39 40 30-64 25-71 90 68-94 57-85 40 30-19 26-24 90 67-92 59-05 41 31-41 26'35 91 69-71 58-49 41 30-94 26-90 91 68-68 59-70 42 32-17 27-00 92 70-43 59-14 42 31-70 27-55 92 69-43 60-36 43 32-94 27-64 93 71*24 59-78 43 32-45 28-21 93 70-19 61-01 44 33'71 28"28 94 72-01 60-42 44 33-21 28-87 94 70-94 61-67 45 34-47 28-93 95 72-77 61-07 45 33-96 29-52 95 71-70 62-33 4*5 35-24 29-57 96 73-54 61-71 46 34-72 30-18 96 72-45 62-98 47 36-00 30-21 97 74-31 62-35 47 35-47 30-83 97 73-21 63-64 48 36-77 30-85 98 75-07 62-99 48 36-23 31-49 98 73-96 64-29 49 37-54 31-50 99 75-84 63-64 49 36-98 32-15 99 74-72 64-95 50 38-18 32-14 100 76-60 64-28 50 37-74 32-80 100 75-47 65-61 E.or W N.orS. E.or W N.orS E.or W N.orS. E.orW N.or S. 50 49 TEAYEESE TABLES. 420 1 43 *>2 *3 *i ^5 *1 s W>5 7j S ! rf | * If 2 p . 2 *! 3 c of ! < s 11 o| ^ w"5 S s'5 BQ z* *5 a'S I 0-74 0-67 51 37-90 34-13 1 0*73 0-68 51 37-30 34-78 2 1-49 1-34 52 38-64 34-79 2 1-46 1-36 52 38-03 35-46 3 2-23 201 53 39-39 .%-46 3 2-19 2-05 53 38-76 36-15 4 2-97 2-68 54 40-13 36-13 4 2-93 2-73 54 39-49 3683 6 372 3-35 55 40-87 3680 5 3-66 3-41 55 40-22 37-51 6 4-46 4-01 56 41-62 37-47 6 4-39 4-09 56 40-96 38-19 7 5-20 5-68 57 42-36 38-14 7 5-1-2 4*77 57 41-69 38-87 8 5-95 535 58 43-10 38-81 8 5-85 5-46 58 4242 39-56 9 6-69 6-02 59 43-85 39-48 9 6-58 6-14 59 43-15 40-24 10 7-43 6-69 60 44-59 40-15 10 731 682 60 43-88 4092 11 8-17 7-36 61 45-33 4082 li 8-04 7-50 61 44-61 41-60 12 9-92 8-03 62 46-07 41-49 12 8-78 8-18 62 45-34 42-28 13 966 8-70 63 46-82 42-16 13 9-51 8-87 63 46-08 42-97 14 10-40 9-37 64 47-56 42-82 14 10-24 955 64 46-81 43-ri5 15 11-15 10-04 65 48-30 43-49 15 10-97 10-23 65 47-54 44-33 16 11-89 10-71 66 49- >5 44-16 16 11-70 10-91 66 48-27 45-- 1 17 12-63 11-38 67 49-79 4483 17 12-43 1159 67 49-00 45-69 18 13-38 12-04 68 50-53 45-50 18 13-16 1228 68 49-73 46-88 19 14-12 12-71 69 51-28 4617 19 13-90 1296 69 50-46 47-06 20 14-8tJ 13-38 70 52-02 46-84 20 14-63 1364 70 51-19 47'74 21 15-61 14-05 71 5276 4751 21 15-36 1432 71 51-93 48-42 22 1635 14-72 72 53-51 48-18 22 16-09 15-00 72 52-66 49-10 23 17-09 15-39 73 54-25 48-85 23 1682 1569 73 53-39 49-79 24 17-84 16-06 74 54-99 49-52 24 17-55 16-37 74 54-12 50-47 25 18-58 16-73 75 55-59 49-79 25 18-28 17-05 75 5485 51-15 26 19-32 17-40 76 n^'48 50-&5 26 19-02 17-73 76 55-58 51-83 27 20-06 18-07 77 57"22 51-52 27 19-75 18*41 77 5631 5-251 28 20-81 1874 78 57-96 52-19 28 20-48 19-10 78 5705 53-20 29 21-55 19-40 79 58-71 5286 29 21-21 19-78 79 57-78 53'bS 30 22-29 20-07 80 59-45 53-53 30 21-94 20-46 80 58-51 54-56 31 23-04 20-74 81 60-t9 54-20 31 22-67 21-14 81 59-24 55-24 32 2378 21-41 82 6094 54-87 32 23-40 21-82 82 59*97 56-92 33 24-52 22-08 83 61-68 55-54 33 24-13 2251 83 60-70 56-61 34 25-27 22-75 84 62-42 56*21 34 24-87 23-19 84 61-43 57-29 35 26-01 23-42 85 63-17 56-88 35 25-60 23-87 85 62-16 67-97 36 26-75 24-09 86 63-91 57-55 36 26-33 24-55 86 62-90 58-65 37 27-50 24-76 87 64-65 58-21 37 i 27-06 2523 87 63-63 59-33 38 28-24 2543 88 65-40 58-88 38 27-79 25-92 88 64-36 6002 39 28-98 26-10 89 66-14 59-55 39 28-52 26-60 89 65-09 60-70 40 29-73 26-80 90 66-88 60-22 40 2925 27-28 90 ; 65-82 61-38 41 30-47 27-43 91 67-63 60-89 41 2999 27-96 91 66-55 61-06 42 31-21 28-10 H2 68-37 6156 42 30-72 28-64 92 67-28 62-74 43 31-96 28-77 93 69-11 62-23 43 31-45 29-33 93 68-02 63-43 44 32-70 29-44 94 69-8o 62-90 44 32-18 30-01 94 ^8" 75 64 11 45 33-44 30-11 95 70-60 63-57 45 32-91 30-69 95 69-48 64-79 46 34-18 30-78 96 71-34 64-24 46 3. -64 31-37 96 70-21 6f,'47 47 34-93 31-45 97 72-08 64-91 47 34-37 3205 97 70-94 66-15 48 &567 32-12 98 72-83 65-57 48 35*10 3'274 98 71-67 t>6'84 49 3641 3279 99 73-57 66-24 49 3584 33-42 99 72-40 67-52 60 37-20 33-50 100 74-31 6691 50 36-57 3410 100 73-14 68-20 E.orW N. orS E.orW N.orS E or W N. or S. E.orW. N. or S. 48 47 TEAYERSE TABLES. 44 45 rl o3 1 j M *i 1 tJD^ rfi *'i sc rfi $i " 5fi 'C br r tj> 08 C Is to S .2 M CS 3 1J2 to r g 3 *?. c 5 3 3 w5 tf J S KQ 4 Q w'S J 55 3 WQ 1 0-72 0-69 51 36-69 35-43 i 0-71 0-71 51 36-06 36-06 2 1-44 1-39 52 37-41 36-12 2 1-41 1-41 52 36-77 36-77 3 2-16 2-08 53 38-13 36-82 3 2-12 2-12 53 37-48 37-48 4 2-88 2'78 54 38-84 37-51 4 2*83 2-83 54 38-18 38-18 5 3-60 3-47 65 39-56 38-21 5 3-54 3-54 55 38-89 38-89 6 4-32 4-17 56 40-28 38-90 6 4-24 4-24 56 39-60 39-60 7 5-04 4-86 57 41-00 39-60 7 4-95 4-95 57 40-31 40-31 8 5-75 5-55 58 41-72 40-29 8 5-66 5-66 58 41-01 41-01 9 6-47 6'25 59 42-44 49-98 9 6-36 6-36 59 41-72 41-72 10 7-19 6-95 60 43-16 41-68 10 7-07 7-07 60 42-43 42-43 11 7-91 7-64 61 43*88 42-37 11 7-78 7-78 61 43-13 43-13 12 8-63 8-34 62 44-60 42-07 12 8'49 8-49 62 43-84 43-84 13 9-35 9-<>3 63 45-32 43-76 13 9-19 9-19 63 44-55 44-55 14 10-07 9-73 64 46-04 44-46 14 990 9-90 64 45-26 45-26 15 10-79 10-42 65 46-76 45-15 15 10-61 10-61 65 45*96 45-96 16 11-51 11-11 66 47-48 45-85 16 11-31 11-31 66 46-67 46-67 17 12-23 11-81 67 48-20 46-54 17 12-02 12-02 67 47-38 47-38 18 12-95 1-2-50 68 48-92 47-24 18 12-73 12-73 68 48-08 48-i8 19 13-67 13-20 69 49-63 47-93 19 13-44 13-44 69 48-79 48-79 20 14-39 13-89 70 50-35 48-63 20 14-14 14-14 70 49-50 49-50 21 15-11 14-59 71 51-07 49-32 21 14-85 14-85 71 50-20 50-20 22 15-83 15-28 72 51-79 50-02 22 15-56 15-56 72 50-91 50-91 23 16-54 15-98 73 52-51 50-71 23 16"26 16-26 73 51-62 51-62 24 17-26 16-67 74 53-23 51-40 24 16-97 16-97 74 52-33 52-33 25 17-98 17-37 75 53-95 52-10 25 17-68 17-68 75 53-03 53-03 26 18-70 18-06 76 54-67 52-79 26 18-38 18-38 76 53-74 53-74 27 19-42 18-76 77 55-39 53-49 27 19-09 19-09 77 54-45 54-45 28 20-14 19-45 78 56*11 54-18 28 19-80 19-80 78 55-15 55-15 29 20-86 20-15 79 56-83 54-88 29 20-51 '20'51 79 55-86 55-86 30 21-58 20-84 80 57-55 55-57 30 21-21 21-21 80 56-57 56-57 31 22*30 21-53 81 58-27 56'27 31 21-92 21-92 81 57-28 67-28 32 23-02 22-23 82 58-99 56-96 32 22-63 22*63 82 57-98 57-98 33 23-74 22-92 83 59-71 57-66 33 V3-33 23-33 83 58-69 58-69 34 24-46 23-62 84 60'42 58-35 34 24-04 24-04 84 59-40 59-40 35 25-18 24-31 85 61-14 59-05 35 24*75 24*75 85 60-10 60-10 36 25-90 25-01 86 61-86 59*74 36 25-46 25-46 86 60-81 60-81 37 26-62 ;5'70 87 62-58 60-44 37 26-16 26*16 87 61-52 61-52 38 27-33 26-40 88 63-30 61-13 38 26-87 26-87 88 62*23 62-23 39 28-05 27-09 89 64-02 61-82 39 27-58 27-58 89 62-93 62-93 40 28-77 27-79 90 64-74 62-52 40 28-28 28-28 9J 63-64 63-64 41 29-49 28-48 91 65-46 63-21 41 28-99 28-99 91 64-33 64-33 42 30-21 29-18 92 66-18 63*91 42 2H-70 29-70 92 65-05 65-05 43 30-93 29*87 93 66-90 64-60 43 30*41 JjO-41 93 65-76 65-76 44 31'b5 30-57 94 67-62 65-30 44 31-11 31-11 94 66-47 66-47 45 32-37 31-26 95 68-34 65*99 45 31-82 31-82 95 67-18 67-18 46 33-09 31-95 96 69-06 66-69 46 32-53 32-53 96 67-88 67-fe8 47 33-81 3'2-65 97 69-78 67-38 47 33-23 33-23 97 68-59 68-59 48 34-53 33-34 98 70-50 68-08 48 33-94 33-94 98 69-30 69-30 49 35-25 34-04 99 71-21 68-77 49 34-65 34-65 99 70-00 70-00 50 35-97 34-73 100 71-93 69-47 50 35-35 35'35 100 70-71 70-71 E.orW. N. or S. E.or W. N. or S. E.orW. N.orS. E.orW. N.orS 46 45 158 OF THE PRODUCE OF SEAMS OF COAL. (61.) From the various experiments which have been made on the produce of tracts of coal mines, in the neigh- bourhood of Newcastle-upon-Tyne, it has been found that a cubic yard of coal weighs -936 of a ton ; therefore, an acre of that stratum, 1 foot thick, will produce (if all wrought out) 1510 tons; consequently an equal area of stratum, 2, 3, 4, &G., feet in thickness, will produce 2, 3, 4, &c., times the quantity of tons of coal that a seam of 1 foot thick will produce. From this- datum easy rules may be constructed for the use of the practical miner, which with facility may be retained for application in calculating the produce of seams of any given thickness in tons. To find the number of tons of coal contained per acre ~by a seam of any given thickness. RULE I. Multiply 1510 by the thickness or height of the seam in feet, and the product will be the number of tons of coal contained in an acre of that seam. To find the number of tons of coal produced per acre l>y a seam, where part thereof is only worked or taken away, the other part being left as a support to the roof. RULE II. As the sum of the two parts, i e., that left and that taken away, is to the part excavated or taken away, so is the whole number of tons contained in an acre of the seam to the number of tons produced per acre by the ex- cavated part. EXAMPLE I. "What number of tons of coal is contained in an acre of coal stratum 6 feet thick ? From rule 1st, 1510 x 6 = 9060 tons, the content. EXAMPLE IT. What number of tons of coal is contained m an area of coal stratum of 100 acres, 5 feet thick ? ON THE PRODUCE OP SEAMS OP COAL. 159 1510 X 5 = 7550 tons contained in one acre. Then 7550 X 100 = 755,000 tons contained in 100 acres. EXAMPLE III. What number of tons of coal is con- tained in 400 acres of coal stratum 5 feet 3 inches thick ? First 5 ft. 3 in. = ^ ft. 4 And 1510X21X4 = 3,171,000 tons. 4 EXAMPLE IV. What number of tons of coal is contained in 400 acres of coal stratum 8 feet 4 inches thick ? 25 First 8ft. 4 in. = ft. o , 1510 x 25 x 400 - ^,0 OQQ f T And = 5,0oo,333 tons. 3 EXAMPLE Y. What number of tons of coal is contained in 500 acres of coal stratum 4 feet 9 inches thick, exclud- ing a band of stone which lies therein 6 inches thick ? 4-75 _ -50 = 4-25 feet, the thickness of the coal stratum, exclusive of the band of stone. Then 1510 x 4' 25 x 500 = 3,208,750 tons contained in 500 acres. EXAMPLE VI. In a seam of coal which is 7 feet 3 inches thick ; that is to say, 6 feet of its thickness is marketable, and 1 foot 3 inches inferior; I wish to know the produce in tons per acre, both of the marketable and the inferior parts of the seam ? 1510 x 6 = 9060 tons per acre, the marketable produce of the seam First 1ft. 3 in. = 4 ft. And - = 1887J tons of the inferior parts. EXAMPLE VII. In a seam of coal 6 feet thick, I wish to know what number of tons it produces per acre, when 1 part is taken away, and 2 left for pillars or supports ? 1510 x 6 = 9060 tons, the whole content per acre. ISO OK" THE PSODUCE OF SEAMS OP COAL. From rule 2nd, as 2 + 1 =3:1:: 90GO : 3020 tons, the produce per acre of the part taken away. EXAMPLE VIII. In a seam of coal 3 feet 6 inches thick, 1 wish to know what number of tons it will produce per acre, when two parts are taken away and 1 left ? 1510 x 3*5 = 5285 tons, the content per acre. As 2 + 1 = 3 : 2 : : 5285 : 3523'33 tons, the produce per acre of the part taken away. EXAMPLE IX. In 1000 acres of 'coal 5 feet thick, whereof 2 parts are worked and 1 left, I wish to know how many years this stratum of coal will produce an annual quantity of 50,000 tons ? 1510 x 5 = 7550 tons, the whole produce of the seam per acre. Then as 3 : 2 : : 7550 : 5033, the quantity got per acre. EXAMPLE X. I have a tract of 600 acres of coal stratum, containing 2 seams, the first 5 feet 3 inches thick, and the second 3 feet 6 inches thick : Out of the first seam 3 parts are got and 1 left ; and out of the second 4 parts are got and 1 left. Now, if the annual vend of the two seams together is 75,000 tons, what number must be wrought out of each seam yearly, so that they may terminate together ; and how many years will the colliery last ? 1510 x 21 -- T = 7927 J tons, the whole produce per acre of the first seam. And 4:3:: 7927J : 5945 tons, the quantity wrought per acre out of the first seam. Then 5945 x 600 = 3,567,000 tons, total produce of the first seam. 1 ^1 0x7 Again, - - -- 5285 tons, the whole produce pe? acre of the second seam. OK THE PRODUCE OF SEAMS OP COAL. 161 And 5:4:: 5285 : 4228 tons, the quantity wrought per acre out of the second seam. Then 4228 x 600 = 2,536,800 tons, total produce of the second seam. Now, to make the two seams terminate together, the quantity wrought out of each seam annually must bear the same proportion to each other as the quantity wrought out of each acre of each seam. Therefore 5945 + 4228 = 10,173 : 5945 : : 75,000 : 43,829 tons, the quantity to be wrought out of the first seam annually. And 75000 43829 = 31,171 tons, the quantity to be wrought out of the second seam annually. 3567000 + 2536800 OA Whence - _ KnAA - = 80 years 18 days, the duration of the colliery. Note. Elaborate statistics and details of the extent, the probable pro- duce and duration of all the coal-fields in the United Kingdom, also the extent and thickness of the strata of those of the United States and the British colonies, as far as they are known ; as well as those of Belgium, France, Germany, and other foreign countries, are given in the Reports of ike Institution of Mining Engineers of Newcastle-upon-Tyne, to which the student is referred, who may be desirous to be acquainted with these subjects. Questions in Mine Surveying. Note. The solutions to the two following Questions in Mine Surveying will require a knowledge of the application of Algebra to Geometry, and the latter of the two will require a further knowledge of the application of Spherical Trigonometry to Astronomy. See Question XVII, page 211, Habeas Land and Engineering Snvrvcying. WeaUs Series. The student will have no difficulty in sketching the figures and assigning the dimensions to the given parts in the two Questions. Question 1. There are four drifts in a coal mine forming a trapezium, the given lengths of which are 0, 5, c, d, and the sums of the opposite angles of 'the trapezium are known to be equal to two right angles, none of the angles being separately given. It is required to plot this subterraneous survey by the help of the following formula. 162 ON THE PRODUCE OF SEAMS OF COAL. Let S half the sum of the lengths of the four drifts = J (a + b + c + d), and D the diameter of circle, which will circumscribe the trapezium ; then j) _ / ( ( ac + bd} (ab + cd ) (ad + fa ) \ l(S-) (S-5) (S-c) (S-d) j 2Vbte. This formula will divest the preceding Question of its chief diffi- culty, while it will accustom the student to the application of this species of mathematical analysis. Question 2. There are five straight drifts, AB, BC, CD, DE, EA, in a coal-mine, forming an irregular polygon ; now, the several lengths of each of the five drifts are given, and the angles at B, C, and D are known to be equal to one another, but are not given : also at each of the angles B and D is a shaft, and the tops of these two shafts range with the sun at 3 h. 35' P.M. on the 22d of October, 1860. It is required from these data to plot this subterraneous survey in its true position with respect to the cardinal points. NOTE. This question was proposed by B. Gompertz, Esq., F.R.S., in the Gentleman's Mathematical Companion ; to which he gave a solution in a concise, novel, and ingenious manner by his Principles of Imaginary Quantities : other solutions by the ordinary methods were also given to the ; roblcffl. INDEX. Angle, to determine the number of degrees contained in any, 3 : to lay down an, equal to any number of degrees, 3 ; to make an, equal to a given, 3. Angles, to find the magnitude of, 9 ; method of reducing into bearings, 10 ; to reduce bearings into, 15. Antiquity of a plan, to find the, by its delineated meridian, 127. Axioms on the magnetic variation of the needle, 92. Back sight, to take a, 39. Baker's method of subterranean sur- veying without the use of the needle, 42. Bearing, to find the northing and southing, the easting or westing of any, and distance, 22. Bearings : how to run bearings on the surface by a circumventor without error, 124 ; examples, 125 ; method of determining, 10 ; method of redu- cing angles into, 10 ; to record the, of subterraneous surveys, 128. To reduce any number of bearings and distances into one, 63 ; examples, 64. To reduce bearings from one magnetic meridian tc its bearings with any other of different varia- tion, 103 ; examples, 107. To re- duce bearings from a magnetic to a true meridian, 99; examples, 102. To reduce into angles, 15 ; rules, 17 ; examples, 18. Bearings, reducing of, and distances to their aorthing or southing, and easting or westing from their point of departure, 21 ; to reverse, 15 ; recording, 25. Beauland's plan of subterraneous sur- veying without the use of the needle, 44. Circular protractor, 48. Circumventor described, 12. How to run bearings on the surface by the, without error, 124 ; examples, 125. Plotting on the surface by the, 70 ; examples, 71. Coal, to calculate the produce of seams of, 158. Compass described, 6 ; to find to what point of the compass an object bears on, when its direction with respect to the magnetic meridian is given, 13. Degrees, to determine the number of, contained in any angle, 3 ; to lay down an angle equal to any num- ber of, 3. Distance and bearing, to find the northing or southing, the easting or westing of any, 22 ; example, 23. Distances and bearings, 10; to reduce any number of, into one, 63 ; examples, 64 ; reducing of, and bearings, to their northing or south- ing, easting or westing, from the point of departure, 21 ; use of traverse tables to reduce inclined to horizontal, 131. Fen wick's method of subterraneous surveying without the use of the needle, 41. Horizontal distances, use of traverse tables to reduce inclined to, 131. 164 INDEX. Inclined distances, use of traverse tables to reduce to horizontal, 131. Instruments used in subterraneous surveying, 7. Lead mines, instruments used for surveying in, 7. Line, to divide a, into two parts, 1 ; to draw a parallel, 1. Magnetic meridian, 7 ; position of, 7. Meridian, to reduce bearings from one, to bearings w th ai;y other of different variation, 103; examples, 107 ; to reduce bearings from a meridian to a true, 99 ; examples, 102. Magnetic needle, method of conduct- ing a subterraneous survey by the, 7. Variation of the needle, 92; axioms and observations, 92 ; de- scribed, 93 ; diurnal table of, 93 ; east or west described, 95 ; to de- termine the variation of any in- strument, 98 ; to determine errors arising in plotting from *he, 115 ; examples, 116 ; to discover the magnitude of the error, 118 ; table of the variation from 1576, 94 ; table of the variation for each month of the year, 96. 'Aeridian, to find the antiquity of a plan by its, 127 ; to find the true, 96 ; to find the true, astronomically, 97 ; magnetic, described, 7 ; posi- tion of, 7 ; to find to what a plan has been constructed, 109; ditto, examples, 113. Mine surveying, questions in, 85, 161. Mines, instruments for surveying in, Needle, magnetic, method of con- ducting a subterraneous survey by the, 7 ; variation of the observa- tions, and axioms on the variation, 92 ; diurnal variation, 95 ; east or west, 95 ; table of the variation since 1576, 94; to determine the variation of the needle of any instrument, 98. Observations on the magnetic varia- tion of the needle, 92. P&rallel line, to draw a, 1. Perpendicular, to raise a, from 3 given point, 2 ; to let fail a, front a given point, 2. Plan, to find the antiquity of a, by its meridian, 127 ; to find to what meridian a plan has been con- structed, 109. Plotting, to determine an error arising in, through the variation of the needle, 115. Plotting on the surface by th cir- cumventor or theodolite, 70; ex- amples, 71. Plotting, if commenced with the first or last bearing, a matter of indif- ference, 75 ; to avoid an obstruc- tion, 73. Subterraneous surveys described, 47 ; with T-square, 52 ; so as to neutralise the effect of an error, 53 ; example, 68. Point, to raise a perpendicular from a, 2; to let fall a perpendicular from a given, 2. Practical questions in mining and tunnelling, 85. Protractors described, 48. Questions in mining and tunnelling, 85. Questions in mine surveying, 161. Seams of coal, to calculate the pro- duce of, 158. Semi-circular protractor described. 48. Sight, back, to take a, 39. Subterraneous surveying, instruments used in, 7. Method of, with th magnetic needle, 7 ; number of assistants requisite, 8. Without the general use of the needle (Fenwick's plan), 41. Without the use of the needle (Baker's plan), 43 ; instrument to be used for, 44 > Beauland's plan, 44. Error of adding a number of bearings and distances together and taking the total mean sum of degrees as the common bearing, 84. To make a survey where the excavation de- clines from the horizon, 82 ; ex- ample of survey book, 83. Plotting described, 47 ; with T-square, 52 ; to plot a survey so as to neutralise the effect of an error, 53 ; example, 68. To record the gearings of, 128. Subterraneous working, to survey a INDEX. 165 S7; to prove the work, 27, ex- amples, 28; example of survey book, 37. Surface, how to run bearings on the, without error, by the circumventor, 124; example, 125. Plotting on the surface by the circumventor or theodolite, 70; examples, 71; to avoid an obstruction, 73 ; if com- menced with the first or last bear- ing a matter of indifference, 75. Survey books, examples of, 37, 79, ^t> Purveying and recording bearings, 26. Purveying, questions in mine, 161. Surveying, subterraneous. (See$w5- terraneous surveying.) Surveys, to plan, and to determine an error in plotting arising from the variation of the needle, 115 ; ex- amples, 116. T-Rouare, to plot subterraneous sur- veys with the, 52. Table of the degrees of magnetic variation from 1576 to 1858, 94 ; showing the diurnal variation of the needle, 95 ; of the mean varia- tion of each month of the vear, 96. Table, traverse, to every degree of the quadrant, 135. Tables, traverse, described, 129 ; use of, in reducing inclined to hori- zontal distances, 131. Theodolite, plotting on the surface by the, 70; examples, 71. Theorems, 4. Traverse table to every degree of the quadrant, 135. Traverse tables described, 129. True meridian, to find the, astrono- mically, 97. To reduce bearings from a magnetic to a, 99; ex- amples, 102. Tunnelling, questions in, 85. Variation of the needle described, 93; axioms and observations on the, 92 ; diurnal table of, 95 ; east or west described, 95 ; table of varia- tion for each month of the year, 96; table of variation from 1576 to 1858, 94; to determine the variation of any instrument, 98. Working, subterraneous, to survey a, 27. To prove the work, 27 ; ex- amples, 28; example of survey book, 37. THE PBIKTED BY J. 8. V1BTUK AK1> CO., LIMITED, CITY BOAD, LONDON.. LONDON, 1862, THE PRIZE MEDAL Was awarded to the Publishers of "WEALE'S SERIES." A NEW LIST OF WEALE'S SERIES RUDIMENTARY SCIENTIFIC 3 EDUCATIONAL, AND CLASSICAL. 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ESCOTT, B.A., Lecturer on Logic at King's College, London, as. 7, STATIONERS' HALL COURT, LUDGATE HILL, E.G. 1 6 WEALE'S EDUCATIONAL AND CLASSICAL SERIES. GREEK. 14. Greek Grammar, in accordance with the Principles and Philo- logical Researches of the most eminent Scholars of our own day, By HANS CLAUDE HAMILTON, is. 6d. the Two Vols. in One, 45. 6d. : cloth boards, 55. 14, 15. Greek Lexicon (as above). Complete, with the GRAMMAR, in 17. One Vol., cloth boards, 6s. GREEK CLASSICS. With Explanatory Notes in English. i. Greek Delectus. Containing Extracts from Classical Authors, with Genealogical Vocabularies and Explanatory Notes, by H. YOUNG. New Edition, with an improved and enlarged Supplementary Vocabulary, by JOHN HUTCHISON, M.A., of the High School, Glasgow, is. 6d. 2, 3. Xenophon's Anabasis; or, The Retreat of the Ten Thousand. Notes and a Geographical Register, by H..YouNG. Part i. Books i. to iii., is. Part 2. Books iv. to vii., is. 4. Lucian's Select Dialogues. 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Edited, with English Notes, Critical and Ex- planatory, by the Rev. JAMES DAVIES, M.A. is. 40. Aristophanes : Acharnians. Chiefly from the Text of C. H. WEISE. With Notes, by C. S. T. TOWNSHEND, M.A. is. 6d. 41. Thucydides: History of the Peloponnesian War. Notes by H. 42. Xeno G pho n's I 'Panegyric on Agesilaus. Notes and Intro- 43. Demosthenes7'Thr6 T ration on the Crown and the Philippics. With English Notes. By Rev. T. H. L. LKARY, D.C.L., formerly Scholar ol Brasenose College, Oxford, is. 6d. __ 7, STATIONERS' HALL COURT, LONDON, E.G. February, 1892. A CATALOGUE OF BOOKS INCLUDING NEW AND STANDARD WORKS IN ENGINEERING: CIVIL, MECHANICAL, AND MARINE, MINING AND METALLURGY, ELECTRICITY AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING, ARCHITECTURE AND BUILDING, INDUSTRIAL AND DECORATIVE ARTS, SCIENCE, TRADE AGRICULTURE, GARDENING, LAND AND ESTATE MANAGEMENT, LAW, &c. PUBLISHED BY CROSBY LOCKWOOD & SON. MECHANICAL ENGINEERING, etc. New Poc7cet-J3ooJe for Mechanical Engineers. THE MECHANICAL ENGINEER'S POCKET-BOOK OF TA BLES, FORM ULM, R ULES A ND DATA. A Handy Book of Reference for Daily Use in Engineering Practice. By D. KINNEAR CLARK, M.Inst.C.E., Author of " Railway Machinery," " Tramways," &c. &c. Small 8vo, nearly 700 pages. With Illustrations. Rounded edges, cloth limp, 75. 6d.; or leather, gilt edges, gs. [Just published. New Manual for Practical Engineers. THE PRACTICAL ENGINEER'S HAND-BOOK. Comprising a Treatise on Modern Engines and Boilers : Marine, Locomotive and Sta- tionary. And containing a large collection of Rules and Practical Data relating to recent Practice in Designing and Constructing all kinds of Engines, Boilers, and other Engineering work. The whole constituting a comprehensive Key to the Board of Trade and other Examinations for Certi- ficates of Competency in Modern Mechanical Engineering. By WALTER S. HUTTON, Civil and Mechanical Engineer, Author of "The Works' Manager's Handbook for Engineers," &c. With upwards of 370 Illustrations. Fourth Edition, Revised, with Additions. Medium 8vo, nearly 500 pp., price i8s. Strongly bound. [.Just published. &S" This work is designed as a companion to the Author's "WORKS' MANAGER'S HAND-BOOK." It possesses many new and original features, and con- tains, like its predecessor, a quantity of matter not originally intended for publica- tion, but collected by the author for his own use in the construction of a great variety of modern engineering work. *** OPINIONS OF THE PRESS. " A thoroughly good practical handbook, which no engineer can go through without learning something that will be of service to him." Marine Engineer. " An excellent book of reference for engineers, and a valuable text-book for students of engineering." Scolsman. " This valuable manual embodies the results and experience of the leading authorities on mechanical engineering. " Building News. " The author has collected together a surprising quantity o rules and practical data, and has shown much judgment in the selections he has made. . . . There is no doubt that this book is one of the most useful of its kind published, and will be a very popular compendium." Engineer. " A mass of information, set down in simple language, and in such a form that it can be easily referred to at any time. The matter is uniformly good and well chosen, and is greatly elucidated the illustrations. The book will find its way on to most engineers' shelves, where it will rank as of the most useful books of reference." Practical Engineer. " Should be found on the office shelf of all practical engineers." English Mechanic. 2 CROSBY LOCK WOOD 6- SON'S CATALOGUE. Handbook for Works' Managers. THE WORKS' MANAGER'S HANDBOOK OF MODERN RULES, TABLES, AND DATA. For Engineers, Millwrights, and Boiler Makers; Tool Makers, Machinists, and Metal Workers; Iron and Brass Founders, &c. By W. S. HUTTON, C.E., Author of " The Practical Engineer's Handbook." Fourth Edition, carefully Revised, and partly Re-written. In One handsome Volume, medium 8vo, 155. strongly bound. \Just published. IS" The A uthor having compiled Rules and Data for his own use in a, great variety of modern engineering work, and having found his notes extremely useful, decided to publish them revised to date believing that a practical work, suited to the DAILY REQUIREMENTS OF MODERN ENGINEERS, would be favourably received. In the Third Edition, the following among other additions have been made, viz,: Rules for the Proportions of Riveted Joints in Soft Steel Plates, the Results of Experi- ments by PROFESSOR KENNEDY for the Institution of Mechanical Engineers Rules for the Proportions of Turbines Rules for the Strength of Hollow Shafts of Whit- worth's Compressed Steel, &c. *** OPINIONS OF THE PRESS. " The author treats every subject from the point of view of one who has collected workshop notes for application in workshop practice, rather than from the theoretical or literary aspect. The volume contains a great deal of that kind of information which is gained only by practical experi- ence, and is seldom written in books." Engineer. "The volume is an exceedingly useful one, brimful with engineers' notes, memoranda, and rules, and well worthy of being on every mechanical engineer's bookshelf." Mechanical World, " The information is precisely that likely to be required in practice. . . . The work forms a desirable addition to the library not only of the works manager, but of anyone connected with general engineering." Mining Journal. "A formidable mass of facts and figures, readily accessible through an elaborate index .... Such a volume will be found absolutely necessary as a book of reference in all sorts of ' works ' connected with the metal trades." Ry land's Iron Trades Circular. " Brimful of useful information, stated in a concise form, Mr. Mutton's books have met a press- ing want among engineers. The book must prove extremely useful to every practical man possessing a copy." Practical Engineer. Practical Treatise on Modern Steam-Boilers. STEAM-BOILER CONSTRUCTION. A Practical Handbook for Engineers, Boiler- Makers, and Steam Users. Containing a large Col- lection of Rules and Data relating to the Design, Construction, and Working of Modern Stationary, Locomotive, and Marine Steam-Boilers, By WALTER S. HUTTON, C.E., Author of "The Works' Manager's Handbook," &c. With upwards of 300 Illustrations. Medium 8vo, i8s. cloth. [Just published. "Every detail, both in boiler design and management, is clearly laid before the reader. The volume shoe's that boiler construction has been reduced to the condition of one of the most exact sciences ; and such a book is of the utmost value to the ji n de siccie Engineer and Works' Manager. " Marine Engineer. " There has long been room for a modern handbook on steam boilers ; there is not that room now, because Mr pied in t "The Modernised Templeton." THE PRACTICAL MECHANICS WORKSHOP COM- PANION. Comprising a great variety of the most useful Rules and Formulae in Mechanical Science, with numerous Tables of Practical Data and Calcu- lated Results for Facilitating Mechanical Operations. By WILLIAM TEMPLE- TON, Author of "The Engineer's Practical Assistant," &c. &c. Sixteenth Edition, Revised, Modernised, and considerably Enlarged by WALTER S. workshop or pocket wear and tear. [Just published. \* OPINIONS OF THE PRESS. " In Its modernised form Hutton's ' Templeton ' should have a wide sale, for it contains much valuable information which the mechanic will often find of use, and not a few tables and notes which he might look for in vain in other works. This modernised edition wi be appreciated by all who have learned to value the original editions of ' Templeton.' ' English Mechanic. "It has met with great success in the engineering workshop, as we can testify; and there are a great many men who, in a great measure, owe their rise hi life to this little book." Building News. " This familiar text -book well known to all mechanics and engineers is of essential service to the every-day requirements of engineers, millwrights, and the various trades connected with engineering and building. The new modernised edition is worth its weight in gold." Building Neu's. (Second Notice.) " This well-known and largely used book contains information, brought up to date, of the sort so useful to the foreman and draughtsman. So much fresh information has been introduced as to constitute it prcctically a new book. It will be largely used in the office and workshop. ' Mechanical World. " There has long been room for a modern handbook on steam boilers ; there is not that room , because Mr. Hutton has filled it. It is a thoroughly practical book for those who are occu- in the construction, design, se'ection, or use of boilers." Engineer. MECHANICAL ENGINEERING, etc. Stone-working Machinery. STONE-WORKING MACHINERY, and the Rapid and Economi- cal Conversion of Stone. With Hints on the Arrangement and Management of Stone Works. By M. Powis BALE, M.I.M.E. With Illusts. Crown bvo, 95. .ds of every mason or student of stone-work." Colliery Guardian. " Should be in the hands of " A capital handbook for all who manipulate stone for building or ornamental purposes." Machinery Market. Pump Construction and Management. PUMPS AND PUMPING : A Handbook for Pump Users. Being has been the author's aim throughout ; yet he does not seem to have omitted anything likely to be of use." Journal of Gas Lighting. Milling Machinery, etc. MILLING MACHINES AND PROCESSES: A Practical Treatise on Shaping Metals by Rotary Cutters, including Information on Making and Grinding the Cutters. By PAUL N. HASLUCK, Author of " Lathe- work." With upwards of 300 Engravings. Large crown 8vo, 125. 6d. cloth. Turning. & ust P ublis ^ ed ' LATHE-WORK : A Practical Treatise on the Tools, Appliances, and Processes employed in the Art of Turning. By PAUL N. HASLUCK. Fourth Edition, Revised and Enlarged. Cr. 8vo, 55. cloth. "Written by a man who knows, not only how work ought to be done, but who also knows how to do it, and how to convey his knowledge to others. To all turners this book would be valuable." Engineering. " We can safely recommend the work to young engineers. To the amateur it will simply be invaluable. To the student it will convey a great deal of useful information." Engineer, Screiv- Cutting. SCREW THREADS : And Methods of Producing Them. With Numerous Tables, and complete directions for using Screw-Cutting Lathes. By PAUL N. HASLUCK, Author of " Lathe- Work," &c. With Fifty Illustra- tions. Third Edition, Enlarged. Waistcoat-pocket size, is. 6d. cloth. " Full of useful information, hints and practical criticism. Taps, dies and screwing-tools gene- rally are illustrated and their action described." Mechanical World. " It is a complete compendium of all the details of the screw cutting lathe ; in fact a multum- in-parvo on all the subjects it treats upon." Carpenter and Builder. Smitli's Tables for Mechanics, etc. TABLES, MEMORANDA, AND CALCULATED RESULTS, FOR MECHANICS, ENGINEERS, ARCHITECTS, BUILDERS, etc. Selected and Arranged by FRANCIS SMITH. Fifth Edition, thoroughly Revised and Enlarged, with a New Section of ELECTRICAL TABLES, FORMULA, and MEMORANDA. Waistcoat-pocket size, is. 6d. limp leather. [Just published, " It would, perhaps, be as difficult to make a small pocket-book selection of notes and formulae to suit ALL engineers as it would be to make a universal medicine ; but Mr. Smith's waistcoat- pocket collection may be looked upon as a successful attempt." Engineer. "The best example we have ever seen of 250 pages of useful matter packed into the dimen- sions of a card- case." Building News. "A veritable pocket treasury of knowledge." Iron. Engineer's and Macliinist's Assistant. THE ENGINEER'S, MILLWRIGHT'S, and MACHINIST'S PRACTICAL ASSISTANT. A collection of Useful Tables, Rules and Data. By WILLIAM TEMPLETON. 7th Edition, with Additions. i8mo, 2s. 6d. cloth. Iron and Steel. " IRON AND STEEL " : A Work for the Forge, Foundry, Factory, and Office. Containing ready, useful, and trustworthy Information for Iron- masters ; Managers of Bar, Rail, Plate, and Sheet Rolling Mills ; Iron and Metal Founders ; Iron Ship and Bridge Builders ; Mecnanical, Mining, and Consulting Engineers ; Contractors, Builders, &c. By CHARLES HOARE, Eighth Edition, Revised and considerably Enlarged. 32mo, 6s. leather. " One of the best of the pocket books." English Mechanic. " We cordially recommend this book to those engaged in considering the details of all kinds of Iron and steel works." -Naval Science. CROSBY LOCK WOOD 6- SO AT '5 CATALOGUE. J&nf/hieering Construction. PA TTERN-MAKING : A Practical Treatise, embracing the Main Types of Engineering Construction, and including Gearing, both Hand and Machine made, Engine Work, Sheaves and Pulleys, Pipes and Columns, Screws, Machine Parts, Pumps and Cocks, the Moulding of Patterns in Loam and Greensand, &c., together with the methods of Estimating the weight of Castings; to which is added an Appendix of Tables for Workshop Reference. By a FOREMAN PATTERN MAKER. With upwards of Three Hundred and Seventy Illustrations. Crown 8vo, 75. 6d. cloth. " A well-written technical guide, evidently written by a man who understands and has prac- tised what he has written about. . . . We c .rdially recommend it to engineering students, young j ourneymen. and others desirous of being initiated into the mysteries of pattern-making." Builder. "We can confidently recommend this comprehensive treatise.' Building News. " Likely to prove a welcome guide to many workmen, especially to draughtsmen who have lacked a training in the shops, pupils pursuing their practical studies in our factories, and to em- ployers and managers in engineering works." Hard-ware Trade journal. "More than 370 illustrations help to explain the text, which is, however, always clear and ex- plicit- thus rendering the work an excellent vade mecum for the apprentice who desires to become master of his trade." English Mechanic. Dictionary of Mechanical Engineering Terms. LOCK WOOD'S DICTIONARY OF TERMS USED IN THE PRACTICE OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING, embracing those current in the Drawing Office, Pattern Shop, Foundry, Fitting, Turning, Smith's and Boiler Shops, &c. &c. Comprising upwards of 6,000 Definitions. Edited by A FOREMAN PATTERN-MAKER, Author of " Pattern Making." Crown 8vo, 75. 6d. cloth. "Just the sort of handy dictionary required by the various trades engaged in mechanical en- gineering. The practical engineering pupil will find the book of great value in his studies, and every foreman engineer and mechanic should have a copy." Building News. "After a careful examination of the book, and trying all manner of words, we think that the engineer will here find all he is likely to require. It will be largely used." Practical Engineer, "One of the most useful books which can be presented to a mechanic or student." English Mechanic. " Not merely a dictionary, but, to a certain extent, also a most valuable guide. It strikes us as a happy idea to combine with a definition of the phrase useful information on the subject of which it treats." Machinery Market. " Nc word having connection with any branch of constructive engineering seems to be omitted. No more comprehensive work h*s been, so far, issued. Kncrwledge. "We strongly commend this useful and reliable adviser to our friends in the workshop, and to students everywhere." Colliery Guardian. Steam Boilers. A TREATISE ON STEAM BOILERS: Their Strength, Con- struction, and Economical Working. By ROBERT WILSON, C.E. Fifth Edition. i2mo, 65. cloth. "The best treatise that has ever been published on steam boilers." Engineer. "The author shows himself perfect master of his subject, and we heartily recommend all en> ploying steam power to possess themselves of the work." Ry land's Iron Trade Circular. Boiler Chimneys. BOILER AND FACTORY CHIMNEYS; Their Draught-Power and Stability. With a Chapter on Lightning Conductors. By ROBERT WILSON, A. I. C.E. , Author of "A Treatise on Steam Boilers," &c. Second Edition. Crown 8vo, $s. 6d. cloth. "Full of useful information, definite in statement, and thoroughly practical in treatment. The Local Government Chronicle. " A valuable contribution to the iterature of scientific building." The Builder. Boiler Making. THE BOILER-MAKER'S READY RECKONER BASSIST- ANT. With Examples of Practical Geometry and Templating, for the Use of Platers, Smiths and Riveters. By JOHN COURTNEY, Edited by D. K. CLARK, M.I. C.E. Third Edition, 480 pp., with i4olllusts. Fcap. 8vo, 75. half-bound. " No workman or apprentice should be without this book." Iron Trade Circular. " Boiler-makers will readily recognise the value of this volume. . . . The tables are clearly printed, and so arranged that they can be referred to with the greatest facility, so that it cannot b* doubted that they will be generally appreciated and much used." Mining Journal. Warming. HEATING BY HOT WATER; with Information and Sug- gestions on the best Methods of Heating Public, Private and Horticultural Buildings. By WALTER JONES. With Illustrations, crown 8vo, 2s. cloth. " We confidently recommend all interested in heating by hot water to secure a copy of thi valuable little treatise." The Plumber and Decorator, MECHANICAL ENGINEERING, etc. Steam Engine. TEXT-BOOK ON THE STEAM ENGINE. With a Sup- plement on Gas Engines, and PART II. ON HEAT ENGINES. By T. M. GOODEVE, M.A., Barrister-at Law, Professor ot Mechanics at the Nrrmal School cf Science and the Royal School of Mines; Author of "The Princi- ples of Mechanics," "The Elements ot Mechanism," &c. Eleventh Edition, Enlarged. With numerous Illustrations. Crown 8vo, 6s. cloth. '"Professor Goodeve has given us a treatise on the steam engine which will bear comparison with anything written by Huxley or Maxwell, and we can award it no higher praise. 'Enr-'r.r?" " Mr. Goodeve's text-book is a work of which every young engineer should possess h.mseli.' Mining Journal. Gas Engines. ON GAS-ENGINES. Being a Reprint, with some Additions, of the Supplement to the Text-booh on the Steam Engine, by T. M. GOODEVE, M.A. Crown 8vo, as. 6d. cloth. "* Like all Mr. Goodeve's writings, the present is no exception In point of general excellence. R is a valuable little volume." Mechanical World. Steam. THE SAFE USE OF STEAM. Containing Rules for Un- professional Steam-users. By an ENGINEER. Sixth Edition. Sewed, 6d. " If steam-users would but learn this little book by heart boiler explosions would become sensations by their nritySEttfH** Mechanic. Reference Book for Mechanical Engineers. THE MECHANICAL ENGINEER'S REFERENCE BOOK, for Machine and Boiler Construction. In Two Parts. Part I. GENERAL ENGINEERING DATA. Part II. BOILER CONSTRUCTION. With 51 Plates and numerous Illustrations. By NELSON FOLEY, M.I.N.A. Folio, 5 5*. half- bound. [Just published. Coal and Speed Tables. A POCKET BOOK OF COAL AND SPEED TABLES, for Engineers and Steam-users. By NELSON FOLEY, Author of " Boiler Con- struction." Pocket-size, 35. 6d. cloth; 45. J-eather. "These tables are designed to meet the requirements of every-day use ; and maybe com- mended to engineers and users of steanu" Iron. "This pocket-book well merits the attention of the practical engineer. Mr. Foley has com- piled a very useful set of tables, the information contained in which is frequently required by engineers, coal consumers and users of steam." Iron and Coal Trades Review. Fire Engineering. FIRES, FIRE-ENGINES, AND FIRE-BRIGADES. With a History of Fire-Engines, their Construction, Use, and Management ; Re- marks on Fire-Proof Buildings, and the Preservation of Life from Fire ; Foreign Fire Systems, &c. By C. F. T. YOUNG, C.E. With numerous Illustrations, 544 pp., demy 8vo, i 4$. cloth. " To such of our readers as are interested in the subject of fires and fire apparatus, we can most heartily commend this book." Engineering: " It displays much evidence of careful research ; and Mr. Young has put his facts neatly together. It is evident enough that his acquaintance with the practical details of the construction ot " steam fire engines Is accurate and full." Engineer. Estimating for Engineering Work, <&c. ENGINEERING ESTIMATES, COSTS AND ACCOUNTS: A Guide to Commercial Engineering. With numerous Examples of Esti- mates and Costs of Millwright Work, Miscellaneous Productions, Steam "We accord the ..~ manner, and bears throi every phrase of comme partment of every works." Builder. rork unqualified praise. The information is given in a plain, straightforward oughout evidence of the intimate practical acquaintance of the author with .ercial engineering." Mechanical World. Elementary Mechanics. CONDENSED MECHANICS. A Selection of Formula, Rules, Tables, and Data for the Use of Engineering Students, Science Classes, &c. In Accordance with the Requirements of the Science and Art Department By W. G. CRAWFORD HUGHES, A. M.I. C.E. Crown 8vo, as. 6d. cloth. [JiSt published. 6 CROSBY LOCKWOOD <* SON'S CATALOGUE. THE POPULAR WORKS OF MICHAEL REYNOLDS ("THE ENGINE DRIVER'S FRIEND"), Locomotive- Engine Driving. LOCOMOTIVE-ENGINE DRIVING : A Practical Manual fcr Engineers in charge of Locomotive Engines. By MICHAEL REYNOLDS, Membei of the Society of Engineers, formerly Locomotive Inspector L. B. and S. C. R. Eighth Edition. Including a KEY TO THE LOCOMOTIVE ENGINE. With Illus- trations and Portrait of Author. Crown 8vo, 45. 6d. cloth. "Mr. Reynolds has supplied a want, and has supplied it well. We can cenfidently recommend the book, not only to the practical driver, but to everyone who takes an interest in the performance of locomotive engines." The Engineer. " Mr. Reynolds has opened 3 new chapter in the literature of the day. This admirable practical treatise, of the practical utility of which we have to speak in terms of warm commendation." " Evidently the work of one who knows his subject thoroughly." Rail-way Service Gazette. "Were the cautions and rules given in the book to become part of the every-day working oi our engine-drivers, we might have fewer distressing accidents to deplore." Scotsman, Stationary Engine Driving. STATIONARY ENGINE DRIVING : A Practical Manual for Engineers in charge of Stationary Engines. By MICHAEL REYNOLDS. Fourth Edition, Enlarged. With Plates and Woodcuts. Crown 8vo, 45. 6d. cloth. "The author is thoroughly acquainted with his subjects, and his advice on the various points treated is clear and practical. . . . He has produced a manual which is an exceedingly useful one for the class for whom it is specially intended." Engineering. " Our author leaves no stone unturned. He is determined that his readers shall not only know something about the stationary engine, but all about it." Engineer. "An engineman who has mastered the contents of Mr.Reynolds'sbookwill require but little actua} experience with boilers and engines before he can be trusted to look after them." EnglishMechanic, The Engineer, Fireman, and Engine-Boy. THE MODEL LOCOMOTIVE ENGINEER, FIREMAN, and ENGINE-BOY. Comprising a Historical Notice of the Pioneer Locomotive Engines and their Inventors. By MICHAEL REYNOLDS. With numerous Illus- trations and a fine Portrait of George Stephenson. Crown 8vo, 45. 6d. cloth. "From the technical knowledge of the author it will appeal to the railway man of to-day more forcibly than anything written by Dr. Smiles. . . . The volume contains information of a tech- nical kind, and facts that every driver should be familiar with." English Mechanic. "We should be glad to see this book in the possession of everyone in the kingdom who has ever laid, or is to lay, hands on a locomotive engine." Iron. Continuous Railivay Brakes. CONTINUOUS RAILWAY BRAKES : A Practical Treatise on the several Systems in Use in the United Kingdom; their Construction and Performance. With copious Illustrations and numerous Tables. By MICHAEL REYNOLDS. Large crown 8vo, gs. cloth. " A popular explanation of the different brakes. It will be of great assistance in forming 1 public opinion, and will be studied with benefit by those who take an interest in the brake." English Mechanic. "Written with sufficient technical detail to enable the principle and relative connection ot the various parts of each particular brake to be readily grasped." Mechanical World. Engine-Driving Life. ENGINE-DRIVING LIFE : Stirring Adventures and Incidents in the Lives of Locomotive-Engine Drivers. By MICHAEL REYNOLDS. Second Edition, with Additional Chapters. Crown 8vo. 2s. cloth. "From first to last perfectly fascinating-. Wilkie Collins'S most thrilling conceptions are thrown into the shade by true incidents, endless in their variety, related in every page." North British Mail. "Anyone who wishes to get a real insight into railway life cannot do better than read ' Engine- Driving Life' for himself ; and if he once take it up he will find that the author's enthusiasm and real "Anyone who wishes to get a real insight into railway life cannot do better than read ' Engine- _ -iving Life' for himself ; and if he once take it up he will find that the author's enthusiasm and real love of the engine-driving profession will carry him on till he has read every page." Saturday Reuieiu. docket Companion for Enginemen. THE ENGINEMAN'S POCKET COMPANION AND PRAC- TICAL EDUCATOR FOR ENGINEMEN, BOILER ATTENDANTS, AND MECHANICS. By MICHAEL REYNOLDS. With Forty-five Illustra- tions and numerous Diagrams. Second Edition, Revised. Royal i8mo, 35. 6d., strongly bound for pocket wear. " This admirable work is well suited to accomplish its object, being the honest workmanship of a competent engineer." Glasgow Herald. " A most meritorious work, giving in a succinct and practical form all the information an engine- minder desirous of mastering the scientific principles of his dajly calling would require." Miller. " A boon to those who are striving to become efficient mechanics." Daily Chronicle. CIVIL ENGINEERING, SURVEYING, etc. French-English Glossary for Engineers, etc. A POCKET GLOSSARY of TECHNICAL TERMS: ENGLISH- FRENCH, FRENCH-ENGLISH; with Tables suitable for the Architectural, Engineering, Manufacturing and Nautical Professions. By JOHN JAMES FLETCHER, Engineer and Surveyor. 200 pp. Waistcoat-pocket size, is. 6d. t limp leather. " It ought certainly to be In the waistcoat-pocket of every professional man." Iron. " It is a rery great advantage for readers and correspondents in France and England to have so large a number of the words relating to engineering and manufacturers collected in a liliputian volume. The little book will be useful both to students and travellers. 1 Architect. " The glossary of terms is very complete, and many of the tables are new and well arranged. We cordially commend the book.' Mechanical World. Portable Engines. THE PORTABLE ENGINE; ITS CONSTRUCTION AND MANAGEMENT. A Practical Manual for Owners and Users of Steam Engines generally. By WILLIAM DYSON WANSBROUGH. With 90 Illustra- tions. Crown 8vo, 35. 6d. cloth. " This is a work of value to those who use steam machinery. . . . Should be read by every- one who has a steam engine, on a farm or elsewhere." Mark Lane Express^. " We cordially commend this work to buyers and owners of steam engines, and to those who have to do with their construction or use." Timber- Trades Journal. "Such a general knowledge of the steam engine as Mr. Wansbrough furnishes to the reader should be acquired by all intelligent owners and others who use the steam engine. " Building News. " An excellent text-book of this useful form of engine, which describes with all necessary minuteness the details of the various devices. . . ' The Hints to Purchasers contain a good deal of commonsense and practical wisdom." English Mechanic. CIVIL ENGINEERING, SURVEYING, etc. MR, HUMBER'S IMPORTANT ENGINEERING BOOKS, The Water Supply of Cities and Towns. A COMPREHENSIVE TREATISE on the WATER-SUPPLY OF CITIES AND TOWNS. By WILLIAM HUMBER, A-M.Inst.C.E., and M. Inst. M.E., Author of " Cast and Wrought Iron Bridge Construction," &c. &c.^ Illustrated with 50 Double Plates, i Single Plate, Coloured Frontispiece, and upwards of 250 Woodcuts, and containing 400 pages of Text. Imp. 4to, 6 6s. elegantly and substantially half-bound in morocco. List of Contents. I. Historical Sketch of some of the means that have been adopted for the Supply of Water to Cities and Towns. II. Water and the Fo- reign Matter usually associated with it. III. Rainfall and Evaporation. IV. Springs and the water-bearing formations of various dis- tricts. V. Measurement and Estimation of the flow of Water VI. On the Selection of the Source of Supply. VII. Wells. VIII. Reser- voirs. IX. The Purification of Water. X. Pumps. XI. Pumping Machinery. XII. Conduits.-XIII. Distribution of Water.-XIV. Meters, Service Pipes, and Housfe Fittings. XV. The Law and Economy of Water Works. XVI. Constant and Intermittent Supply. XVII. Description of Plates. Appendices, giving Tables of Rates of Supply, Velocities, &c. &c., together with Specifications of several Works illustrated, among which will be found : Aberdeen, Bideford, Canterbury, Dundee, Halifax, Lambeth, Rotherham, Dublin, and others. "The most systematic and valuable work upon water supply hitherto produced in English, or in any other language. . . . Mr. Humber's work is characterised almost throughout by an exhaustiveness much more distinctive of French and German than of English technical treatises." Engineer. " We can congratulate Mr. Humber on having been able to give so large an amount of Infor- mation on a subject so important as the water supply of cities and towns. The plates, fifty in number, are mostly drawings of executed works, and alone would have commanded the attention of every engineer whose practice may lie in this branch of the profession." Builder. Cast and Wrought Iron Bridge Construction. A COMPLETE AND PRACTICAL TREATISE ON CAST AND WROUGHT IRON BRIDGE CONSTRUCTION, including Iron Foundations. In Three Parts Theoretical, Practical, and Descriptive. By WILLIAM HUMBER, A.M.Inst.C.E., and M.Inst.M.E. Third Edition, Re- vised and much improved, with 115 Double Plates (20 of which now first appear in this edition), and numerous Additions to the Text. In Two Vols., imp. 4to, 6 i6s. 6d. half-bound in morocco. "A very valuable contribution to the standard literature of civil engineering. In addition to elevations, plans and sections, large scale details are given which very much enhance the instruc- . live worth of those illustrations." Civil Engineer and Architect's Journal. "Mr. Humber's stately volumes, lately issued in which the most important bridges erected during the last five years, under the direction of the late Mr. Brunei, Sir W. Cubitt, Mr. Hawk- shaw, Mr. Page, Mr. Fowler, Mr. Hemans, and others among our most eminent engineers, are drawn and specified in great detail." Engineer. CROSBY LOCK WOOD - SON'S CATALOGUE. MR, H UMBER'S GREAT WORK ON MODERN ENGINEERING. Complete in Four Volumes, imperial 4to, price 12 125., half-r Volume sold separately as follows : If-morocco. Each eparately 2 A RECORD OF THE PROGRESS OF MODERN ENGINEER- ING. FIRST SERIES. Comprising Civil, Mechanical, Marine, Hydraulic, Railway, Bridge, and other Engineering Works, &c. By WILLIAM HUMBER, A-M.Inst.C.E., &c. Imp. 410, with 36 Double Plates, drawn to a large scale, Photographic Portrait of John Hawkshaw, C.E., F.R.S., &c., and copious descriptive Letterpress, Specifications, &c., 3 35. half-morocco. List of the Plates and Diagrams. Victoria Station and Roof, L. B. & S. C. R. (8 plates) ; Southport Pier (2 plates) ; Victoria Station and Roof, L. C. & D. and G. W. R. (6 Thames, West London Extension Railway (5 plates) ; Armour Plates : Suspension Bridge, Thai hames (4 plates); The Allen Engine; Sus- pension Bridge, Avon (3 plates) ; Underground Railway (3 plates). plates) ; Roof of Cremorne Music Hall ; Bridge over G. N. Railway ; Roof of Station, Dutch Rhenish Rail (2 plates) ; Bridge over the " Handsomely lithographed and printed. It will find favour with many who desire to preserve In a permanent form copies of the plans and specifications prepared for the guidance of the con- tractors for many important engineering works." Engineer. HUMBERTS RECORD OF MODERN ENGINEERING. SECOND SERIES. Imp. 4to, with 36 Double Plates, Photographic Portrait of Robert Stephenson, C.E., M.P., F.R.S., &c., and copious descriptive Letterpress, Specifications, &c., 3 35. half-morocco. List of the Plates and Diagrams. Birkenhead Docks, Low Water Basin (15 plates); Charing Cross Station Roof, C. C. Railway (3 plates); Digswell Viaduct, Great Northern Railway ; Robbery Wood Viaduct, Great Northern Railway; Iron Permanent Way; Clydach Viaduct, Merthyr, Tredegar, and Abergavenny Railway; Ebbw Viaduct, Merthyr, Tredegar, and Abergavenny Rail- way; College Wood Viaduct Cornwall Rail- way ; Dublin Winter Palace Roof (3 plates) ; Bridge over the Thames, L. C. & D. Railway (6 plates) ; Albert Harbour, Greenock (4 plates). " Mr. Humber has done the profession good and true service, by the fine collection of examples he has here brought before the profession and the public." Practical Mechanic's Journal. HUMBE&S RECORD OF MODERN ENGINEERING. THIRD SERIES. Imp. 4to, with 40 Double Plates, Photographic Portrait of J. R. M'Clean, late Pres. Inst. C.E., and copious descriptive Letterpress, Speci- fications, &c., 3 35. half-morocco. List of the Plates and Diagrams. Sewer, Reservoir and Outlet (4 plates) ; Outfall Sewer, Filth Hoist ; Sections of Sewers (North and South Sides). THAMES EMBANKMENT. Section of River Wail ; Steamboat Pier, Westminster (2 plates): Landing Stairs between Charing Cross and Waterloo Bridges ; York Gate (2 plates) ; Over- flow and Outlet at Savoy Street Sewer (3 plates) ; Steamboat Pier, Waterloo Bridge (3 plates) ; Junction of Sewers, Plans and Sections ; Gullies, Plans and Sections ; Rolling Stock ; Granite and Iron Forts. MAIN DRAINAGE, METROPOLIS. North Side. Map showing Interception of Sewers ; Middle Level Sewer (2 plates) ; Outfall Sewer, Bridge over River Lea (3 plates) ; Outfall Sewer, Bridge over Marsh Lane, North Woolwich Railway, and Bow and Barking Railway Junc- tion; Outfall Sewer, Bridge over Bow and Barking Railway (3 plates); Outfall Sewer, Bridge over East London Waterworks' Feeder (2 plates) ; Outfall Sewer, Reservoir (2 plates) ; Outfall Sewer, Tumbling Bay and Outlet ; Out- fall Sewer, Penstocks. South Side. Outfall Sewer, Bermondsey Branch (2 plates); Outfall " The drawings have a constantly increasing value, and whoever desires to possess dear repre- sentations of the two great works carried out by our Metropolitan Board will obtain Mr. Humber's volume." Engineer. HUMBER'S RECORD OF MODERN ENGINEERING. FOURTH SERIES. Imp. 4to, with 36 Double Plates, Photographic Portrait of John Fowler, late Pres. Inst. C.E., and copious descriptive Letterpress, Speci- fications, &c., 3 35. half-morocco. List of the Plates and Diagrams. Mesopotamia ; Viaduct over the River Wye, Midland Railway (3 plates) ; St. Germans Via- , , , duct, Cornwall Railway (2 plates); Wrought- paraise Railway (2 plates) ; Adam's Locomo- Iron Cylinder for Diving Bell ; Millwall Docks tive, St. Helen's Canal Railway (2 plates) ; (6 plates) ; Milroy's Patent Excavator ; Metro- Cannon Street Station Roof, Charing Cross politan District Railway (6 plates) ; Harbours, Railway (3 plates) ; Road Bridge over the River Ports, and Breakwaters (3 plates). Moka (2 plates) ; Telegraphic Apparatus for 14 We gladly welcome another year's issue of this valuable publication from the able pen ot Mr. Humber. The accuracy and general excellence of this work are well known, while its useful- ness in giving the measurements and details of some of the latest examples of engineering , as carried out by the most eminent men in the profession, cannot be too highly prized." Artisan. CIVIL ENGINEERING, SURVEYING, etc. 9 MR. NUMBER'S ENGINEERING BOOKS continued. Strains, Calculation of. A HANDY BOOK FOR THE CALCULATION OF STRAINS IN GIRDERS A ND SIMILAR STR UCTURES,AND THEIR SiTRENGTH. for Fifth " The formulae are neatly expressed, and the diagrams gcod." Athenaum. " We heartily commend this really handy book to our engineer and architect readers." Eng- lish Mechanic. Barlow's Strength of Materials, enlarged byHumber A TREATISE ON THE STRENGTH OF MATERIALS; with Rules for Application in Architecture, the Construction of Suspension Bridges, Railways, &c. By PETER BARLOW, F.R.S. A New Edition, revised by his Sons, P. W. BARLOW, F.R.S., and W. H. BARLOW, F.R.S. ; to which are added, Experiments by HODGKINSON, FAIRBAIRN, and KIRKALDY ; and Formulae for Calculating Girders, &c. Arranged and Edited by W. HUMBER, A-M.Inst.C.E. Demy 8vo, 400 pp., with 19 large Plates and numerous Wood- cuts, i8s. cloth. " Valuable alike to the student, tyro, and the experienced practitioner, It will always rank in future, as it has hitherto done, as the standard treatise on that particular subject." Engineer. " There is no greater authority than Barlow." Building- News. " As a scientific work of the first class, it deserves a foremost place on the bookshelves of every civil engineer and practical mechanic." English Mechanic. Trigonometrical Surveying. AN OUTLINE OF THE METHOD OF CONDUCTING A TRIGONOMETRICAL SURVEY, for the Formation of Geographical and Topographical Maps and Plans, Military Reconnaissance, Levelling, &c., with Useful Problems, Formulae, and Tables. By Lieut-General FROME, R.E. Fourth Edition, Revised and partly Re-written by Major General Sir CHARLES WARREN, G.C.M.G., R.E. With 19 Plates and 115 Woodcuts, royal 8vo, ifo. cloth. "The simple fact that a fourth edition has been called for Is the best testimony to its merits. No words of praise from us can strengthen the position so well and so steadily maintained by this work. Sir Charles Warren has revised the entire work, and made such additions as were necessary to bring- every portion of the contents up to the present date." Broad Arrow. Field Fortification. A TREATISE ON FIELD FORTIFICATION, THE ATTACK OF FORTRESSES, MILITARY MINING, AND RECONNOITRING. By Colonel I. S. MACAULAY, late Professor of Fortification in the R.M.A., Wool- wich. Sixth Edition, crown 8vo, cloth, with separate Atlas of 12 Plates, I2S. Oblique Bridges. A PR A CTICA LAND THEORETICA L ESS A Y ON OBLIQ UE BRIDGES. With 13 large Plates. By the late GEORGE WATSON BUCK, M.I.C.E. Third Edition, revised by his Son, J. H. WATSON BUCK, M.I.C.E. ; and with the addition of Description to Diagrams for Facilitating the Con- struction of Oblique Bridges, by W. H. BARLOW, M.I.C.E. Royal 8vo, iw. cloth. " The standard text-book for all engineers regarding skew arches Is Mr. Buck's treatise, and < would be impossible to consult a better." Engineer. "Mr. Buck's treatise is recognised as a standard text-book, and his treatment has divested the subject of many of the intricacies supposed to belong to it. As a guide to the engineer and archi- tect, on a confessedly difficult subject, Mr. Buck's work is unsurpassed." Building News. Water Storage, Conveyance and Utilisation. WATER ENGINEERING : A Practical Treatise on the Measure- ment, Storage, Conveyance and Utilisation of Water for the Supply of Towns, for Mill Power, and for other Purposes. By CHARLES SLAGG, Water and Drainage Engineer, A.M.Inst.C.E., Author of " Sanitary Work in the Smaller Towns, and inVillages," &c. With numerous Illusts. Cr. 8vo. 75. 6d. cloth. "As a small practical treatise on the water supply of towns, and on some applications of water-power, the work is in many respects excellent." Engineering. " The author has collated the results deduced from the experiments of the most eminent authorities, and has presented them in a compact and practical form, accompanied by very clear and detailed explanations. . . . The application of water as a motive power is treated very carefully and exhaustively." Builder. "For anyone who desires to begin the study of hydraulics with a consideration of the practical applications of the science there is no better guide." Architect. io CROSBY LOCKWOOD 6- SON'S CATALOGUE. Statics, Graphic and Analytic. GRAPHIC AND ANALYTIC STATICS, in their Practical Appli- cation to the Treatment of Stresses in Roofs, Selid Girders, Lattice, Bowstring and Suspension Bridges, Braced Iron Arches and Piers, and other Frameworks. By R. HUDSON GRAHAM, C.E. Containing Diagrams and Plates to Scale, With numerous Examples, many taken from existing Structures. Specially arranged for Class- work in Colleges and Universities. Second Edition, Re- vised and Enlarged. 8vo, i6s. cloth. "Mr. Graham's book will find a place wherever graphic and analytic statics are used or studied. " Engineer. "The work is excellent from a practical point of view, and has evidently been prepared with much care. The directions for working are ample, and are illustrated by an abundance of well- selected examples. It is an excellent text-book for the practical draughtsman." Athenaeum, Student's Text-Book on Surveying. PRACTICAL SURVEYING: A Text-Book for Students pre- paring for Examination or for Survey-work in the Colonies. By GEORGE W. USILL, A. M.I. C.E. , Author of "The Statistics of the Water Supply of Great Britain." With Four Lithographic Plates and upwards of 330 Illustra- tions. Second Edition, Revised. Crown 8vo, 75. 6d. cloth. " The best forms of instruments are described as to their construction, uses and modes of employment, and there are innumerable hints on work and equipment such as the author, in his experience as surveyor, draughtsman and teacher, has found necessary, and which the student in his inexperience will find most serviceable." Engineer. " The latest treatise in the English language on surveying, and we have no hesitation in say- ing that the student will find it a better guide than any of its predecessors . . . . Deserves to be recognised as the first book which should be put in the hands of a pupil of Civil Engineering, and every gentleman of education who sets out for the Colonies would find it well to have a copy." Architect. "A very useful, practical handbook on field practice. Clear, accurate and not too con- densed." Journal of Education. Survey Practice. AID TO SURVEY PRACTICE, for Reference in Surveying, Level- ling, and Setting-out ; and in Route Surveys of Travellers by Land and Sea. With Tables, Illustrations, and Records. By Lewis D'A. JACKSON, A.M.I. C.E., Author of " Hydraulic Manual," " Modern Metrology," &c. Second Edition, Enlarged. Large crown 8vo, I2S. 6d. cloth. "Mr. Jackson has produced a valuable -vade-mecum for the surveyor. We can recommend this book as containing an admirable supplement to the teaching of the accomplished surveyor." Athenaeum. " As a text-book we should advise all surveyors to place It In their libraries, and study well the matured instructions afforded in its pages." Colliery Guardian. " The author brings to his work a fortunate union of theory and practical experience which, aided by a clear and lucid style of writing, renders the book a very useful one." Builder. Surveying 9 Land and Marine. LAND AND MARINE S URVEYING, in Reference to the Pre- paration of Plans for Roads and Railways ; Canals, Rivers, Towns' Water Supplies; Docks and Harbours. With Description and Use of Surveying Instruments. By W. D. HASKOLL, C.E., Author of " Bridge and Viaduct Con- struction, *' &c. Second Edition, Revised, with Additions. Large cr. 8vo, gs. cl. " This book must prove of great value to the student. We have no hesitation in recommend- ing it, feeling assured that it will more than repay a careful study." Mechan ical World. " A most useful and well arranged book for the aid of a student. We can strongly recommend it as a carefully-written and valuable text-book. It enjoys a well-deserved repute among surveyors." Builder. " This volume cannot fail to prove of the utmost practical utility. It may be safely recommended to all students who aspire to become clean and expert surveyors." Mining Joiirnal. Tunnelling. PRACTICAL TUNNELLING. Explaining in detail the Setting, out of the works, Shaft-sinking and Heading-driving, Ranging the Lines and Levelling underground, Sub-Excavating, Timbering, and the Construction of the Brickwork of Tunnels, with the amount of Labour required for, and the Cost of, the various portions of the work. By FREDERICK W. SIMMS, F.G.S., M.Inst.C.E. Third Edition, Revised and Extended by D. KINNEAR CLARK, M.Inst.C.E. Imperial 8vo, with 21 Folding Plates and numerous Wood Engravings, 305. cloth. "The estimation in which Mr. SImms's book on tunnelling has been held for over thirty years cannot be more truly expressed than in the words of the late Prof. Rankine : ' The best source of in- formation on the subject of tunnels is Mr. F. W. Simms's work on Practical Tunnelling.' "Architect. " It has been regarded from the first as a text book of the subject. . . . Mr. Clarke has added immensely to the value of the book." Engineer. CIVIL ENGINEERING, SURVEYING, etc. Levelling. A TREATISE ON THE PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICE OF LEVELLING. Showing its Application to purposes of Railway and Civil Engineering, in the Construction of Roads ; with Mr.TELFORD's Rules for the same. By FREDERICK W. SIMMS, F.G.S., M.Inst.C.E. Seventh Edition, with the addition of LAW'S Practical Examples for Setting-out Railway Curves, and TRAUTWINE'S Field Practice of Laying-out Circular Curves, With 7 Plates and numerous Woodcuts, 8vo, 85. 6d. cloth, *** TRAUTWINE on Curves may be had separate, 55. " The text-book on levelling in most of our engineering schools and colleges." Engineer. " The publishers have rendered a substantial service to the profession, especially to the younger members, uy bringing out the present edition of Mr. Simms's useful work." Engineering. Heat, Expansion by. EXPANSION OF STRUCTURES BY HEAT. By JOHN KEILY, C.E., late of the Indian Public Works and Victorian Railway Depart* ments. Crown 8vo, 35. 6d. cloth. SUMMARY OF CONTENTS. Section I. FORMULAS AND DATA, Section II. METAL BARS. Section III. SIMPLE FRAMES. Section IV. COMPLEX FRAMES AND PLATES. Section V. THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY. Section VI, MECHANICAL FORCE OF HEAT. Section VII. WORK OF EXPANSION AND CONTRACTION. Section VIII. SUSPENSION BRIDGES. Section IX. MASONRY STRUCTURES, " The aim the author has set before him, viz., to show the effects of heat upon metallic and other structures, is a laudable one, for this is a branch of physics upon which the engineer or archi- tect can find but little reliable and comprehensive data in books." Builder. "Whoever is concerned to know the effect of changes of temperature on such structures as suspension bridges and the like, could not do better than consult Mr. Keily's valuable and handy exposition of the geometrical principles involved in these changes." Scotsman. Practical Mathematics. MATHEMATICS FOR PRACTICAL MEN: Being a Common- place Book of Pure and Mixed Mathematics. Designed chiefly for the use of Civil Engineers, Architects and Surveyors. By OLINTHUS GREGORY, LL.D., F.R.A.S., Enlarged by HENRY LAW, C.E. 4th Edition, carefully Revised by J. R. YOUNG, formerly Professor of Mathematics, Belfast College, With 13 Plates, 8vo, i is. cloth. " The engineer or architect will here find ready to his hand rules for solving nearly every mathe- matical difficulty that may arise in his practice The rules are in all cases explained by means of examples, in which every step of the process is dearly worked out." Builder. " One of the most serviceable books for practical mechanics. . . It is an instructive book fo the student, and a text-book for him who, having once mastered the subjects it treats of, needs occasionally to refresh his memory upon them." Building News . Hydraulic Tables. HYDRAULIC TABLES, CO-EFFICIENTS, and FORMULM for finding the Discharge of Water from Orifices, Notches, Weirs, Pipes, Q>nA Rivers. With New Formulae, Tables, and General Information on Rainfallj Catchment-Basins, Drainage, Sewerage, Water Supply for Towns and Mill Power. By JOHN NEVILLE, Civil Engineer, M.R.I.A. Third Ed., carefully Revised, with considerable Additions. Numerous Illusts. Cr. 8vo, 145. cloth. " Alike valuable to students and engineers in practice ; its study will prevent the annoyance of avoidable failures, and assist them to select the readiest means of successfully carrying out any given work connected with hydraulic engineering." Mining Journal. " It is, of all English books on the subject, the one nearest to completeness, . . . From the good arrangement of the matter, the clear explanations, and abundance of formulae, the carefuHy calculated tables, and, above all, the thorough, acquaintance with both theory and construction* which is displayed from first to last, the book w be found to be an acquisition." A rchitect, Hydraulics. HYDRA ULIC MANUAL. Consisting of Working Tables and Explanatory Text. Intended as a Guide in Hydraulic Calculations and Field Operations. By Lewis D'A. JACKSON, Author of (< Aid to Survey Practice," " Modern Metrology," &c. Fourth Edition, Enlarged. Large cr. 8vo, i6s. cl. " The author has had a wide experience in hydraulic engineering and has been a careful ob- server of the facts which have come under his notice, and from the great mass of material at his command he has constructed a manual which may be accepted as a trustworthy guide t9 this branch of the engineer's profession. We can heartily recommend this volume to all who desire to be acquainted with the latest development of this important subject." Engineering. " The standard-work in this department of mechnnics.' Scotsman. " The most useful feature of this work is its freedom from what is superannuated, and Its thorough adoption of recent experiments ; the text is, in fact, in great part a short account of the great modern experiments." Nature* 12 CROSBY LOCK WOOD mens 31. 32. 33. Oak : Varieties of Grain, Tools Employed, and Methods of Manipulation, Pre- , , liminary Stages and Finished Specimen 34, 36. Waulsort Marble: Varieties of Grain, finished and Finished Specimens. , 35, Uo- Marble: Preliminary Stages of Process and *** OPINIONS OF THE PRESS. " Those who desire to attain skill in the art of painting woods and marbles will find advantage In consulting this book. . . . Some of the Working Men's Clubs should give their young men, the opportunity to study it." Builder. " A comprehensive guide to the art. The explanations of the processes, the manipulation and management of the colours, and the beautifully executed plates will not be the least valuable to the student who aims at making his work a faithful transcript of nature." Building News. DECORATIVE ARTS, etc. 17 House Decoration. ELEMENTARY DECORATION. A Guide to the Simpler Forms of Everyday Art, as applied to the Interior and Exterior Decoration of Dwelling Houses, &c. By JAMES W. FACEY, Jun. With 68 Cuts, izmo, as. cloth limp. PRACTICAL HOUSE DECORATION : A Guide to the Art of Ornamental Painting, the Arrangement of Colours in Apartments, and the principles of Decorative Design. With some Remarks upon the Nature and Properties of Pigments. By JAMES WILLIAM FACEY, Author of " Elementary Decoration," &c. With numerous Illustrations. i2mo, 2s. 6d. cloth limp. N.B.The above Two Works together in One Vol., strongly half-bound, 55. Colour. A GRAMMAR OF COLOURING. Applied to Decorative Painting and the Arts. By GEORGE FIELD. New Edition, Revised, Enlarged, and adapted to the use of the Ornamental Painter and Designer. By ELLIS A. DAVIDSON, With New Coloured Diagrams and Engravings. lamo, 35. 6d. cloth boards. ' *'The book is a most useful resume of the properties of pigments." Builder. House Fainting, Graining, etc. HOUSE PAINTING, GRAINING, MARBLING, AND SIGN WRITING, A Practical Manual of. By ELLIS A. DAVIDSON. Sixth Edition. With Coloured Plates and Wood Engravings. i2mo, 6s. cloth boards. " A mass of information, of use to the amateur and of value to the practical man." English Mechanic. "Simply invaluable to the youngster entering upon this particular calling, and highly service- able to the man who is practising it. Furniture Gazette. Decorators, Receipts for. THE DECORATOR'S ASSISTANT: A Modern Guide to De- corative Artists and Amateurs, Painters, Writers, Gilders, &c. Containing upwards of 600 Receipts, Rules and Instructions ; with a variety of Informa- tion for General Work connected with every Class of Interior and Exterior Decorations, &c. Fourth Edition, Revised. 152 pp., crown 8vo, is. in wrapper. " Full of receipts of value to decorators, painters, gilders, &c. The book contains the gist of larger treatises on colour and technical processes. It would be difficult to meet with a work so full of varied information on the painter's art." Building News. " We recommend the work to all who, whether for pleasure or profit, require a guide to decora- tion." Plumber and Decorator. Moyr Smith on Interior Decoration. ORNAMENTAL INTERIORS, ANCIENT AND MODERN. By J. MOYR SMII H. Super-royal 8vo, with 32 full-page Plates and numerous smaller Illustrations, handsomely bound in cloth, gilt top, price i8s. " The book is well illustrated and handsomely got up, and contains some true criticism and a good many good examples of decorative treatment." The Builder. " This is the most elaborate and beautiful work on the artistic decoration of interiors that we have seen. . . . The scrolls, panels and other designs from the author's own pen are very beautiful and chaste ; but he takes care that the designs of other men shall figure even more than his own." Liverpool Albion. " To all who take an interest in elaborate domestic ornament this handsome volume will be welcome." Graphic. British and Foreign Marbles. MARBLE DECORATION and the Terminology of British and Foreign Marbles. A Handbook for Students. By GEORGE H. BLAGROVE, Author of " Shoring and its Application," &c. With 28 Illustrations. Crown 6vo, 35. 6d. cloth. " This most useful and much wanted handbook should be in the hands of every architect and builder." Building World. " It is an excellent manual for students, and interesting to artistic readers generally." Saturday Review. " A carefully and usefully written treatise ; the work is essentially practical." Scotsman. Marble Working, etc. MARBLE AND MARBLE WORKERS: A Handbook for Architects, Artists, Masons and Students. By ARTHUR LEE, Author of "A Visit to Carrara," " The Working of Marble," &c. Small crown 8vo, 25. clotb. " A really valuable addition to the technical literature of architects and masons." Suitcting ' i8 CROSBY LOCKWOOD & SON'S CATALOGUE. DELAMOTTE'S WORKS ON ILLUMINATION AND ALPHABETS, A PRIMER OF THE ART OF ILLUMINATION, for the Use of Beginners : with a Rudimentary Treatise on the Art, Practical Directions for its exercise, and Examples taken from Illuminated MSS., printed in Gold and Colours. By F. DELAMOTTB. New and Cheaper Edition. Small 4to, 6s. orna- mental boards. "The examples of ancient MSS. recommended to the student, which, with much good sense, the author chooses from collections accessible to all, are selected with judgment and knowledge, as well as taste."Athenceutn. ORNAMENTAL ALPHABETS, Ancient and Medieval, from the Eighth Century, with Numerals; including Gothic, Church-Text, large and small, German, Italian, Arabesque, Initials for Illumination, Monograms, Crosses, &c. &c., for the use of Architectural and Engineering Draughtsmen, Missal Painters, Masons, Decorative Painters, Lithographers, Engravers, Carvers, &c. &c. Collected and Engraved by F. DELAMOTTE, and printed in Colours. New and Cheaper Edition, Royal 8vo, oblong, 25. 6d. ornamental boards. "For those who Insert enamelled sentences round gilded chalices, who blazon shop legends over shop-doors, who letter church walls with pithy sentences from the Decalogue, this book will be use- ful." Athenaum. EXAMPLES OF MODERN ALPHABETS, Plain and Ornamental; including German, Old English, Saxon, Italic, Perspective, Greek, Hebrew, Court Hand, Engrossing, Tuscan, Riband, Gothic, Rustic, and Arabesque ; with several Original Designs, and an Analysis of the Roman and Old English Alphabets, large and small, and Numerals, for the use of Draughtsmen, Sur- veyors, Masons, Decorative Painters, Lithographers, Engravers, Carvers, &c, Collected and Engraved by F. DELAMOTTE, and printed in Colours. New and Cheaper Edition. Royal 8vo, oblong, 2$. 6d. ornamental boards. "There Is comprised in it every possible shape into which the letters of the alphabet and numerals can be formed, and the talent which has been expended in the conception of the various plain and ornamental letters is wonderful." Standard. MEDIEVAL ALPHABETS AND INITIALS FOR ILLUMI- NATORS. By F. G. DELAMOTTE. Containing 21 Plates and Illuminated Title, printed in Gold and Colours. With an Introduction by J. WILLIS BROOKS. Fourth and Cheaper Edition. Small 4to, 45. ornamental boards. " A volume In which the letters of the alphabet come forth glorified in gilding and all the colours of the prism interwoven and intertwined and intermingled." Sun. THE EMBROIDERER'S BOOK OF DESIGN. Containing Initials, Emblems, Cyphers, Monograms, Ornamental Borders, Ecclesiastical Devices, Mediaeval and Modern Alphabets, and National Emblems. Col- lected by F. DELAMOTTE, and printed in Colours, Oblong royal 8vo, is. 6d. ornamental wrapper. "The book will be of great assistance to ladies and young children who are endowed with th art of plying the needle in this most ornamental and useful pretty work." East Anglian Times. Wood Carving. INSTRUCTIONS IN WOOD-CARVING, for Amateurs; with Hints on Design. By A LADY. With Ten Plates. New and Cheaper Edition. Crown 8vo, zs. in emblematic wrapper. "The handicraft of the wood-carver, so well as a book can Impart It, may be learnt from ' A Lady's ' publication." Athenceum. " The directions given are plain and easily understood." English Mechanic. Glass Tainting. GLASS STAINING AND THE ART OF PAINTING ON GLASS. From the German of Dr. GESSERT and EMANUEL OTTO FROMBERG, With an Appendix on THE ART OF ENAMELLING, zamo, 2s, 6d. cloth limp. Letter fainting. THE ART OF LETTER PAINTING MADE EASY. By JAMES GREIG BADENOCH. With 12 full-page Engravings of Examples, is, 6d. cloth limp. "The system is a simple one, but quite original, and well worth the careful attention of letter painters. It can be easily mastered and remembered." Building News. CARPENTRY, TIMBER, etc. ig CARPENTRY, TIMBER, etc. Tredgold's Carpentry, Revised & Enlarged by Tarn. THE ELEMENTARY PRINCIPLES OF CARPENTRY. A Treatise on the Pressure and Equilibrium of Timber Framing, the Resist- ance of Timber, and the Construction of Floors, Arches, Bridges, Roofs, Uniting Iron and Stone with Timber, &c. To which is added an Essay on the Nature and Properties of Timber, &c., with Descriptions of the kinds of Wood used in Building ; also numerous Tables of the Scantlings of Tim- ber for different purposes, the Specific Gravities of Materials, &c. By THOMAS TREDGOLD, C.E. With an Appendix of Specimens of Various Roofs of Iron and Stone, Illustrated. Seventh Edition, thoroughly revised and considerably enlarged by E. WYNDHAM TARN, M.A., Author of "The Science of Build- ing," &c. With 61 Plates, Portrait of the Author, and several Woodcuts. In one large vol., 4to, price i 55. cloth. "Ought to be in every architect's and every builder's library." Builder. " A work whose monumental excellence must commend it wherever skilful carpentry Is con- cerned. The authors principles are rather confirmed than impaired by time. The additional plates are of great intrinsic value." Building News. Woodworking Machinery. WOODWORKING MACHINERY : Its Rise, Progress, and Construction. With Hints on the Management of Saw Mills and the Economi- cal Conversion of Timber. Illustrated a with Examples ot Recent Designs by leading English, French, and American Engineers. By M. Powis BALE, A.M.Inst.C.E., M.I.M.E. Large crown 8vo, 125. 6d. cloth. " Mr. Bale is evidently an expert on the subject and he has collected so much information that his book is all-sufficient for builders and others engaged in the conversion of timber." Architect. "The most comprehensive compendium of wood- working machinery we have seen. The author is a thorough master of his subject." Building News. "The appearance of this book at the present time will, we should think, give a considerable Impetus to the onward march of the machinist engaged in the designing and manufacture of wood-working machines. It should be in the office of every wood-working factory." English Mechanic. Saw Mills. SA W MILLS : Their Arrangement and Management, and the Economical Conversion of Timber. (A Companion Volume to " Woodwork- ing Machinery.") By M. Powis BALE. With numerous Illustrations. Crow 8vo, los. 6d. cloth. " The administration of a large sawing establishment is discussed, and the subject examine., from a financial standpoint. We could not desire a more complete or practical treatise." Builder. "We highly recommend Mr. Bale's work to the attention and perusal of all those who are en- gaged in the art of wood conversion, or who are about building or remodelling saw-mills on im- proved principles." Building News. Carpentering. THE CARPENTER'S NEW GUIDE ; or, Book of Lines for Car- penters ; comprising all the Elementary Principles essential for acquiring a knowledge of Carpentry. Founded on the late PETER NICHOLSON'S Standard Work. A New Edition, Revised by ARTHUR ASHPITEL, F.S.A. Together with Practical Rules on Drawing, by GEORGE PYNK. With 74 Plates, 4to, i is. cloth. Handrailing and Stairbuilding. A PRACTICAL TREATISE ON HANDRAILING : Showing New and Simple Methods for Finding the Pitch of the Plank, Drawing the Moulds, Bevelling, Jointing-up, and Squaring the Wreath. By GEORGE COLLINGS. Second Edition, Revised and Enlarged, to which is added A TREATISE ON STAIRBUILDING. With Plates and Diagrams. i2mo, 2s. 6rf. cloth limp. "Will be found of practical utility in the execution of this difficult branch of joinery." Builder. " Almost every difficult phase of this somewhat intricate branch of joinery is elucidated by the aid of plates and explanatory letterpress." Furniture Gazette. Circular Work. CIRCULAR WORK IN CARPENTRY AND JOINERY: A Practical Treatise on Circular Work of Single and Double Curvature. By GEORGE COLLINGS, Author of " A Practical Treatise on Handrailing." Illus- trated with numerous Diagrams. Second Edition. i2mp, as. 6d. cloth limp. " An excellent example of what a book of this kind should be. Cheap in price, clear in defini- tion and practical in the examples selected." Builder. 20 CROSBY LOCKWOOD & SON'S CATALOGUE. Timber Merchant's Companion. THE TIMBER MERCHANT'S AND BUILDER'S COM- PANION. Containing New and Copious Tables of the Reduced Weight and Measurement of Deals and Battens, of all sizes, from One to a Thousand Pieces, and the relative Price that each size bears per Lineal Foot to any given Price per Petersburg Standard Hundred ; the Price per Cube Foot of Square Timber to any given Price per Load of 50 Feet ; the proportionate Value of Deals and Battens by the Standard, to Square Timber by the Load of 50 Feet ; the readiest mode of ascertaining the Price of Scantling per Lineal Foot of any size, to any given Figure per Cube Foot, &c. &c. By WILLIAM DOWSING. Fourth Edition, Revised and Corrected. Cr. 8vo, 3$. cl. " We are glad to see a fourth edition of these admirable tables, which for correctness and simplicity of arrangement leave nothing to be desired." Timber Trades journal, "An exceedingly well-arranged, clear, and concise manual of tables for the use of all who buy or sell timber." Journal of t orestry. Practical Timber MercJiant. THE PRACTICAL TIMBER MERCHANT. Being a Guide for the use of Building Contractors, Surveyors, Builders,- &c., comprising useful Tables for all purposes connected with the Timber Trade, Marks of Wood, Essay on the Strength of Timber, Remarks on the Growth of Timber, &c. By W. RICHARDSON. Fcap. 8vo, 35. 6d. cloth. " This handy manual contains much valuable information for the use of timber merchants, builders, foresters, and all others connected with the growth, sale, and manufacture of timber." Journal of Forestry. Timber Freight Book. THE TIMBER MERCHANTS, SAW MILLER'S, AND IMPORTER'S FREIGHT BOOK AND ASSISTANT. Comprising Rules, Tables, and Memoranda relating to the Timber Trade. By WILLIAM RICHARDSON, Timber Broker; together with a Chapter" on " SPEEDS OF SAW MILL MACHINERY," by M. Powis BALK, M.I.M.E., &c. lamo, 35. 6d. cl. boards. "A very useful manual of rules, tables, and memoranda relating to the timber trade. We re- commend it as a compendium of calculation to all timber measurers and merchants, and as supply- Ing a real want in the trade." Building News. Packing-Case Makers, Tables for. PACKING-CASE TABLES ; showing the number of Super- ficial Feet in Boxes or Packing-Cases, from six inches square and upwards. By W. RICHARDSON, Timber Broker. Third Edition. Oblong 4to, 35, 6d. cl. "Invaluable labour-saving tables." Ironmonger. "Will save much labour and calculation." Grocer. Superficial Measurement. THE TRADESMAN'S GUIDE TO SUPERFICIAL MEA- SUREMENT. Tables calculated from i to 200 inches in length, by i to 108 inches in breadth. For the use of Architects, Surveyors, Engineers, Timber Merchants, Builders, &c. By JAMES HAWKINGS. Third Edition. Fcap., 3$. 6d. cloth. " A useful collection of tables to facilitate rapid calculation of surfaces. The exact area of any sarface of which the limits have been ascertained can be instantly determined. The book will be found of the greatest utility to all engaged in building ooerations." Scotsman. " These tables will be found of great assistance to all who require to make calculations in super- ficial measurement." English Mechanic. Forestry. THE ELEMENTS OF FORESTRY. Designed to afford In- formation concerning the Planting and Care of Forest Trees for Ornament or Profit, with Suggestions upon the Creation and Care of Woodlands. By F. B. HOUGH. Large crown 8vo, los. cloth. Timber Importer's Guide. THE TIMBER IMPORTER'S, TIMBER MERCHANTS AND BUILDER'S STANDARD GUIDE. By RICHARD E. G RANDY. Compris- ing an Analysis of Deal Standards, Home and Foreign, with Comparative Values and Tabular Arrangements for fixing Nett Landed Cost on Baltic and North American Deals, including all intermediate Expenses, Freight, Insurance, &c. &c. Together with copious Information for the Retailer and Builder. Third Edition, Revised. i2mo, 2S. cloth limp. " Everything it pretends to be : built up gradually, it leads one from a forest to a treenail, and throws in, as a makeweight, a host of material concerning bricks, columns, cisterns, &c." English Mechanic. MARINE ENGINEERING, NAVIGATION, etc. 21 MARINE ENGINEERING, NAVIGATION, etc. Chain Cables. CHAIN CABLES AND CHAINS. Comprising Sizes and Curves of Links, Studs, &c., Iron for Cables and Chains, Chain Cable and Chain Making, Forming and Welding Links, Strength of Cables and Chains, Certificates for Cables, Marking Cables, Prices of Chain Cables and Chains, Historical Notes, Acts of Parliament, Statutory Tests, Charges for Testing, List of Manufacturers of Cables, &c. &c. By THOMAS W. TRAILL, F.E.R. N ., M. Inst. C.E., Engineer Surveyor in Chief, Board of Trade, Inspector of Chain Cable and Anchor Proving Establishments, and General Superin- tendent, Lloyd's Committee on Proving Establishments. With numerous Tables, Illustrations and Lithographic Drawings. Folio, 2 2S. cloth, bevelled boards. "It contains a vast amount of valuable information. Nothing- seems to be wanting to make it a complete and standard work of reference on the subject." Nautical Magazine. Marine Engineering. MARINE ENGINES AND STEAM VESSELS (A Treatise on). By ROBERT MURRAY, C.E. Eighth Edition, thoroughly Revised, with considerable Additions by the Author and by GEORGE CARLISLE, C.E., Senior Surveyor to the Board of Trade at Liverpool. i2mo, 55. cloth boards. " Well adapted to give the young- steamship engineer or marine engine and boiler maker a general introduction into his practical work." Mechanical IVorld. " We feel sure that this thoroughly revised edition will continue to be as popular in the future as it has been in the past, as, for its size, it contains more useful information than any similar treatise. ' ' Industries. The information given is both sound and sensible, and well qualified to direct young sea- going hands on the straight road to the extra chiefs certificate. Most useful to surve} ors, inspectors, draughtsmen, and all young engineers who take an interest in their profession." Glasgow Herald. "An indispensable manual for the student of marine engineering." Liverpool Mercury. Foclcet-Boolcfor Naval Architects and Shipbuilders. THE NAVAL ARCHITECT'S AND SHIPBUILDER'S POCKET-BOOK of Formula, Rules, and Tables, and MARINE ENGINEER'S AND SURVEYOR'S Handy Book of Reference. By CLEMENT MACKROW, Member of the Institution of Naval Architects, Naval Draughtsman. Fourth Edition, Revised. With numerous Diagrams, &c. Fcap., 125. 6d. strongly bound in leather. " Will be found to contain the most useful tables and formulae required by shipbuilders, carefully collect^ from the best authorities, and put together in a popular and simple form." Engineer. " The professional shipbuilder has now, in a convenient and accessible form, reliable data fot solving many of the numerous problems that present themselves in the course of his work." Iron. "There is scarcely a subject on which a naval architect or shipbuilder can require to refresh his memory which will not be found within the covers of Mr. Mackrow'sbook." English Mechanic, Pocket-Book for Marine Engineers. A POCKET-BOOK OF USEFUL TABLES AND FOR- MULAE FOR MARINE ENGINEERS. By FRANK PROCTOR, A.I.N.A, Third Edition. Royal 32010, leather, gilt edges, with strap, 45. "We recommend it to our readers as going far to supply a long-felt want." Naval Science. "A most useful companion to all marine engineers." United Service Gazette. Introduction to Marine Engineering. ELEMENTARY ENGINEERING : A Manual for Young Marine Engineers and Apprentices. In the Form of Questions and Answers on Metals, Alloys, Strength of Materials, Construction and Management of Marine Engines and Boilers, Geometry, &c. &c. With an Appendix of Useful Tables. By JOHN SHERREN BREWER, Government Marine Surveyor, Hong- kong. Small crown 8vo, 2s. cloth. " Contains much valuable information for the class for whom it is intended, especially in the chapters on the management of boilers and eng-nes." Naittical Magazine. ' A useful introduction to the more elaborate text books." Scotsman. " To a student who has the requisite desire and resolve to attain a thorough knowledge, Mr. Brewer offers decidedly useful help.'' Atheneeum. Navigation. PRACTICAL NAVIGATION. Consisting of THE SAILOR'S SEA-BOOK, by JAMES GREENWOOD and W. H. ROSSER ; together with the requisite Mathematical and Nautical Tables for the Working of the Problems, by HENRY LAW, C.E., and Professor J. R. YOUNG. Illustrated. J2mo, 75. strongly half-bound. CROSBY LOCK WOOD &> SON'S CATALOGUE. MINING AND METALLURGY. Metalliferous Mining in the United Kingdom. BRITISH MINING : A Treatise on the History, Discovery, Practical Development, and Future Prospects of Metalliferous Mines in the United King' dom. By ROBERT HUNT, F.R.S., Keeper of Mining Records ; Editor of " Ure's Dictionary of Arts, Manufactures, and Mines," &c. Upwards of 950 pp., with 230 Illustrations. Second Edition, Revised. Super-royal 8vo, 2 zs. cloth. "One of the most valuable works of reference of modern times. Mr. Hunt, as keeper of mining records of the United Kingdom, has had opportunities for such a task not enjoyed by anyone else, and has evidently made the most of them. . . . The language and style adopted are good, and the treatment of the various subjects laborious, conscientious, and scientific." Engineering. "The book is, in fact, a treasure-house of statistical information on mining- subjects, and we know of no other work embodying so great a mass of matter of this kind. Were this the only merit of Mr. Hunts volume, it would be sufficient to render it indispensable in this library of everyone interested in the development of the mining and metallurgical industries of this country." Atheneeum. "A mass of information not elsewhere available, and of the greatest value to those who may be interested in our great mineral industries." Engineer. "A sound, business-like collection of interesting facts. . . . The amount of Information Mr. Hunt has brought together is enormous. . . . The volume appears likely to convey more instruction upon the subject than any work hitherto published." Mining Journal. Colliery Management. THE COLLIERY MANAGER'S HANDBOOK; A Compre- hensive Treatise on the Laying-out and Working of Collieries, Designed as a Book of Reference for Colliery Managers, and for the Use of Coal-Mining Students preparing for First-class Certificates. By CALEB PAMELY, Mining Engineer and Surveyor ; Member of the North of England Institute of Mining and Mechanical Engineers ; and Member of the South Wales Insti- tute of Mining Engineers. With nearly 500 Plans, Diagrams, and other Illustrations. Medium 8vo, about 600 pages. Price i 55. strongly bound. [Just published. Coal and Iron. THE COAL AND IRON INDUSTRIES OF THE UNITED KINGDOM. Comprising a Description of the Coal Fields, and of the Principal Seams of Coal, with Returns of their Produce and its Distribu- tion, and Analyses of Special Varieties. Also an Account of the occurrence of Iron Ores in Veins or Seams ; Analyses of each Variety ; and a History ot the Rise and Progress of Pig Iron Manufacture. By RICHARD MEADE, Assistant Keeper of Mining Records. With Maps, 8vo, 1 8s. cloth. "The book is one which must find a place on the shelves of all Interested In coal and Iron production, and in the iron, steel, and other metallurgical industries." Engineer. " Of this book we may unreservedly say that it is the best of its class which we have ever met. . . A book ef reference which no one engaged in the iron or coal trades should omit from his library." Iron and Coal Trades Review. ^Prospecting for Gold and other Metals. THE PROSPECTOR'S HANDBOOK: A Guide for the Pro- spector and Traveller in Search of Metal-Bearing or other Valuable Minerals. By J. W. ANDERSON, M.A. (Camb.), F.R.G.S., Author of "Fiji and New Caledonia." Fifth Edition, thoroughly Revised and Enlarged. Small crown 8vo, 35. 6d. cloth. "Will supply a much felt want, especially among Colonists, in whose way are so often thrown many mineralogical specimens the value of which it is difficult to determine." Engineer. "How to find commercial minerals, and how to identify them when they are found, are the leading points to which attention is directed. The author has managed to pack as much practical detail into his pages as would supply material for a book three times its size." Mining Journal. ^Lining Notes and Formulas. NOTES AND FORMULA FOR MINING STUDENTS. By JOHN HERMAN MERIVALE, M.A., Certificated Colliery Manager, Professor of Mining in the Durham College of Science, Newcastle-upon-Tyne. Third Edition, Revised and Enlarged. Small crown 8vo, 25. 6d. cloth. " Invaluable to anyone who is working up for an examination on mining' subjects." Coal and Iron Trades Review. " The author has done his work in an exceedingly creditable manner, and has produced a book that will be of service to students, and those who are practically engaged in mining operations.' Engineer. " A vast amount of technical matter of the utmost value to mining engineers, and of consider- able interest to students." Schoolmaster. MINING AND METALLURGY. 23 Explosives. A HANDBOOK ON MODERN EXPLOSIVES. Being a Practical Treatise on the Manufacture and Application of Dynamite, Gun- Cotton, Nitro-Glycerine and other Explosive Compounds. Including the Manufacture of Collodion-Cotton. By M. EISSLER, Mining Engineer and Metallurgical Chemist, Author of " The Metallurgy of Gold," &c. With about 100 Illustrations. Crown 8vo, IDS. 6d. cloth. " Useful not only to the miner, but also to officers of both services to whom blasting and the use of explosives generally may at any time become a necessary auxiliary." Nature. "A veritable mine of information on the subject of explosives employed for military, mining and blasting purposes." Army and Navy Gazette. " The book is clearly written. Taken as a whole, we consider it an excellent little book and one that should be found of great service to miners and others who are engaged in work requiring the use of explosives." Athenceum. Gold, Metallurgy of. THE METALLURGY OF GOLD : A Practical Treatise on the Metallurgical Treatment of Gold-bearing Ores. Including the Processes of Concentration and Chlorination, and the Assaying, Melting and Refining of Gold. By M. EISSLER, Mining Engineer and Metallurgical Chemist, formerly Assistant Assayer of'the U. S. Mint, San Francisco. Third Edition, Revised and greatly Enlarged. With 187 Illustrations. Crown 8vo, izs. 6d. cloth. *' This book thoroughly deserves its title of a ' Practical Treatise.' The whole process of gold lling, from the breaking erly narrative and with , , . . " The work is a storehouse of information and valuable data, and we strongly recommend it to " . milling, from the breaking of the quartz to the assay of the bullion, is described in clear and much, fulne " , , orderly narrative and with much, but not too much, fulness of detail." Saturday Review. " The work is a storehouse of information and valuable data, and we strongly all professional men engaged in the gold-mining industry." Mining Journal Silver, Metallurgy of. THE METALLURGY OF SILVER : A Practical Treatise on the Amalgamation, Roasting and Lixiviation of Silver Ores, Including the Assaying, Melting and Refining of Silver Bullion. By M. EISSLER, Author of "The Metallurgy of Gold " Second Edition, Enlarged. With 150 Illus- trations. Crown 8vo, IDS. 6d. cloth. [Just published. "A practical treatise, and a technical work which we are convinced will supply a long-felt want amongst practical men, and at the same time be of value to students and others indirectly connected with the industries." Mining- Journal. " From first to last the book is thoroughly sound and reliable." Colliery Guardian. " For chemists, practical miners, assayers and investors alike, we do not know of any work on the subject so handy and yet so comprehensive." Glasgow Herald. Silver-Lead, Metallurgy of. THE METALLURGY OF ARGENTIFEROUS LEAD: A Practical Treatise on the Smelting of Silver-Lead Ores and the Refining of Lead Bullion. Including Reports on various Smelting Establishments and Descriptions of Modern Furnaces and Plants in Europe and America. By M. EISSLER, M.E., Author of "The Metallurgy of Gold," &c. Crown 8vo. 400 pp., with numerous Illustrations, I2S. 6d. cloth. [Just published. Metalliferous Minerals and Mining. TREATISE ON METALLIFEROUS MINERALS AND MINING. By D. C. DAVIES, F.G.S., Mining Engineer, &c., Author of "A Treatise on Slate and Slate Quarrying." Illustrated with numerous Wood Engravings. Fourth Edition, carefully Revised. Crown 8vo, I2S. 6d. cloth. "Neither the practical miner nor the general reader interested in mines can have a better book for his companion and his guide." Mining Journal. {.Mining World. "We are doing our readers a service in calling their attention to this valuable work." "As a history of the present state of mining throughout the world this book has a real value, and it supplies an actual want." Athentzum. Earthy Minerals and Mining. A TREATISE ON EARTHY dr> OTHER MINERALS AND MINING. By D. C. DAVIES, F.G.S. Uniform with, and forming a Com- panion Volume to, the same Author's " Metalliferous Minerals and Mining." With 76 Wood Engravings. Second Edition. Crown 8vo, I2S. 6d. cloth. " We do not remember to have met with any English work on mining matters that contains the same amount of information packed in equally convenient form." Academy. " We should be inclined to rank it as among the very best of the handy technical and trades manuals which have recently appeared." British Quarterly Review. 24 CROSBY LOCK WOOD SON'S CATALOGUE. Electric Lighting. THE ELEMENTARY PRINCIPLES OF ELECTRIC LIGHT- ING. By ALAN A. CAMPBELL SWINTON, Associate I.E.E. Second Edition, Enlarged and Revised. With 16 Illustrations. Crown 8vo, is. 6d. cloth. ' ' Anyone who desires a short and thoroughly clear exposition of the elementary principles of electric-lighting cannot do better than read this little work." Bradford Observer. Electricity. A MANUAL OF ELECTRICITY: Including Galvanism, Mag- netism, Dia-Magnetism, Electro-Dynamics, Magno-Electricity, and the Electric Telegraph. By HENRY M. NOAD, Ph.D., F.R.S., F.C.S. Fourth Edition, With 500 Woodcuts. 8vo, i 45. cloth. "It is worthy of a place in the library of every public institution." Mining- Journal, Dynamo Construction. HOWTOMAKEA DYNAMO: A Practical Treatise for Amateurs. Containing numerous Illustrations and Detailed Instructions for Construct- ing a Small Dynamo, to Produce the Electric Light. By ALFRED CROFTS. Third Edition, Revised and Enlarged. Crown 8vo, 25. cloth. "The instructions given in this unpretentious little book are sufficiently clear and explicit to enable any amateur mechanic possessed of average skill and the usual tools to be found in an amateur's workshop, to build a practical dynamo machine." Electrician. NATURAL SCIENCE, etc. Pneumatics and Acoustics. PNEUMATICS : including Acoustics and the Phenomena of Wind Currents, for the Use of Beginners. By CHARLES TOMLINSON, F.R.S. F.C.S., &c. Fourth Edition, Enlarged. I2mo, is. 6d. cloth. ' ' Beginners in the study of this important application of science could not have a better manual . " Scotsman. " A valuable and suitable text-book for students of Acoustics and the Pheno- mena of Wind Currents." Schoolmaster. Conchology. A MANUAL OF THE MOLLUSC A : Being a Treatise on Recent and Fossil Shells. By S. P. WOODWARD, A.L.S., F.G.S., late Assistant Palaeontologist in the British Museum. With an Appendix on Recent and Fossil Conchological Discoveries, by RALPH TATE, A.L.S., F.G.S. Illustrated by A. N. WATERHOUSE and JOSEPH WILSON LOWRY. With 23 Plates and upwards of 300 Woodcuts. Reprint of Fourth Ed., 1880. Cr. 8vo, 75. 6d. cl. " A most valuable storehouse of conchological and geological information." Scutice Gossip. Geology. RUDIMENTARY TREATISE ON GEOLOGY, PHYSICAL AND HISTORICAL. Consisting of "Physical Geology," which sets forth the leading Principles of the Science ; and " Historical Geology," which treats of the Mineral and Organic Conditions of the Earth at each successive epoch, especial reference being made to the British Series of Rocks. By RALPH TATE, A.L.S., F.G.S., &c. With 250 Illustrations, tamo, 55. cloth. " The fulness of the matter has elevated the book into a manual. Its information is exhaustive and well arranged." School Board Chronicle. Geology and Genesis. THE TWIN RECORDS OF CREATION; or, Geology and Genesis: their Perfect Harmony and Wonderful Concord, By GEORGE W. VICTOR LE VAUX. Numerous Illustrations. Fcap. 8vo, 55. cloth. " A valuable contribution to the evidences of Revelation, and disposes very conclusively of the arguments of those who would set God's Works against God's Word." The Rock. The Constellations. STAR GROUPS: A Student's Guide to the Constellations. By J. ELLARD GORE, F.R.A.S., M.R.I.A., &c., Author of "The Scenery of the Heavens." With 30 Maps. Small 4to, 55. cloth, silvered. [Just published, Astronomy. ASTRONOMY. By the late Rev. ROBERT MAIN, M.A. , F.R.S. , formerly Radcliffe Observer at Oxford. Third Edition, Revised and Cor- rected to the present time, by W. T. LYNN, B.A., F.R.A.S. i2mo, 2$. cloth. "A sound and simple treatise, very carefully edited, and a capital book for beginners." Knowledge. \_tional Times, "Accurately brought down to the requirements of the present time by Mr. Lynn."duca- NATURAL SCIENCE, etc. 27 DR. LARD NEWS COURSE OF NATURAL PHILOSOPHY, THE HANDBOOK OF MECHANICS. Enlarged and almost re- written by BENJAMIN LOEWY, F.R.A.S. With 378 Illustrations. Post 8vo, 6s. cloth. "The perspicuity of the original has been retained, and chapters which had become obsolete haves been replaced by others of more modern character. The explanations throughout are studiously popular, and care has been taken to show the application of the various branches of physics to the industrial arts, and to the practical business of life." Mining "Journal. "Mr. Loewy has carefully revised the book, and brought it up to modern requirements." Nature. " Natural philosophy has had few exponents more able or better skilled In the art of popu- larising- the subject than Dr. Lardner ; and Mr. Loewy is doing good service in fitting this treatise, and the others of the series, for use at the present time." Scotsman. THE HANDBOOK OF HYDROSTATICS AND PNEUMATICS. New Edition, Revised and Enlarged, by BENJAMIN LOEWY, F.R.A.S. With 236 Illustrations. Post 8vo, 55. cloth. "For those 'who desire to attain an accurate knowledge of physical science without the pro- found methods of mathematical investigation, ' this work is not merely intended, but well adapted." Chemical News. " The volume before us has been carefully edited, augmented to nearly twice the bulk of the former edition, and all the most recent matter has been added. . . . It is a valuable text-book." Nature. " Candidates for pass examinations will find it, we think, specially suited to their requirements." English Mechanic. THE HANDBOOK OF HEAT. Edited and almost entirely re- written by BENJAMIN LOEWY, F.R.A.S., &c. 117 Illustrations. Post 8vo, 6s. cloth. "The style is always clear and precise, and conveys instruction without leaving any cloudiness or lurking doubts behind." Engineering. "A most exhaustive book on the subject on which it treats, and is so arranged that it can be understood by all who desire to attain an accurate knowledge of physical science Mr. Loewy has included all the latest discoveries in the varied laws and effects of heat." Standard. "A complete and handy text-book for the use of students and general readers." English Mechanic. THE HANDBOOK OF OPTICS. ByDiONYSius LARDNER,D.C.L., formerly Professor of Natural Philosophy and Astronomy in University College, London. New Edition. Edited by T. OLVER HARDING, B.A. Lond., of University College, London. With 298 Illustrations. Small 8vo, 448 pages, 55. cloth. "Written by one of the ablest English scientific writers, beautifully and elaborately illustrated." Mechanic's Magazine. THE HANDBOOK OF ELECTRICITY, MAGNETISM, AND ACOUSTICS. By Dr. LARDNER. Ninth Thousand. Edit, by GEORGE CAREY FOSTER, B.A., F.C.S. With 400 Illustrations. Small 8vo, 55. cloth. " The book could not have been entrusted to anyone better calculated to preserve the terse and lucid style of Lardner, while correcting his errors and bringing up his work to the present state of scientific knowledge." Popular Science Review. THE HA NDBOOK OF A STRONOMY. Forming a Companion to the " Handbook of Natural Philosophy.'* By DIONYSIUS LARDNER, D.C.L., formerly Professor of Natural Philosophy and Astronomy in University College, London. Fourth Edition. Revised and Edited by EDWIN DUNKIN, F.R.A.S., Royal Observatory, Greenwich. With 38 Plates and upwards of 100 Woodcuts. In One Vol., small 8vo, 550 pages, gs. 6d. cloth. "Probably no other book contains the same amount of information in so compendious and well- arranged a form certainly none at the price at which this is offered to the public." Athenezum. "We can do no other than pronounce this work a most valuable manual of astronomy, and we strongly recommend it to all who wish to acquire a general but at the same time correct acquaint- ance with this sublime science. " Quarterly Journal of Science. "One of the most deservedly popular books on the subject . . . We would recommend not only the student of the elementary principles of the science, but he who aims at mastering the higher and mathematical branches of astronomy, not to be without this work beside him." Practi- cal Magazine, Dr. Lardner's Electric Telegraph. THE ELECTRIC TELEGRAPH. By Dr. LARDNER. Re- vised and Re-written by E. B. BRIGHT, F.R.A.S. 140 Illustrations. Small 8vo, 2S. 6d. cloth. " One of the most readable books extant on the Electric Telegraph." English Mechanic. 23 CROSBY LOCKWOOD &> SON'S CATALOGUE. DR. LARDNER'S MUSEUM OF SCIENCE AND ART. THE MUSEUM OF SCIENCE AND ART. Edited by DIONYSIUS LARDNER, D.C.L., formerly Professor ol Natural Philosophy and Astronomy in University College, London. With upwards of 1,200 Engrav- ings on Wood. In 6 Double Volumes, i is., in a new and elegant cloth bind- ing ; or handsomely bound in half-morocco, 315. 6n has convinced us that it is unusually complete, well arranged and reliable. The book is a thoroughly good one." Schoolmaster. Intuitive Calculations. THE COMPENDIOUS CALCULATOR; or, Easy and Con- cise Methods of Performing the various Arithmetical Operations required in Commercial and Business Transactions, together with Useful Tables. By D. O'GoRMAN. Corrected by Professor J. R. YOUNG. Twenty-seventh Ed., Revised by C. NORRIS. Fcap. 8vo, 2s. 6d. cloth ; or, 35. 6d. half-bound. " It would be difficult to exaggerate the usefulness of a book like this to everyone engaged in commerce or manufacturing industry." Knowledge. " Supplies special and rapid methods for all kinds of calculations. Of great utility to persons engaged in any kind of commercial transactions." Scotsman. Modern Metrical Units and Systems. MODERN METROLOGY : A Manual of the Metrical Units osed 'Aid "The author has brought together much valuable and interesting information. . . . We cannot but recommend the work." Nature. , " For exhaustive tables of equivalent weights and measures of all sorts, and for clear demonstra- tions of the effects of the various systems that have been proposed or adopted, Mr. Jackson's treatise is without a rival." Academy. The Metric System and the British Standards. A SERIES OF METRIC TABLES, in which the British Stand- ard Measures and Weights are compared with those of the Metric System at present in Use on the Continent. By C. H. DOWLING, C.E. 8vo, los. 6d. strongly bound. "Their accuracy has been certified by Professor Airy, the Astronomer-Royal." Builder. "Mr. Bowling's Tables are well put together as a ready-reckoner for tne conversion of one system into the other." Athenceum. Iron and Metal Trades 9 Calculator. THE IRON AND METAL TRADES' COMPANION. For expeditiously ascertaining the Value of any Goods bought or sold by Weight, from is. per cwt. to 1125. per cwt., and from one farthing per pound to one shilling per pound. Each Table extends from one pound to 100 tons. To which are appended Rules on Decimals, Square and Cube Rootj Mensuration oi Superficies and Solids, &c. ; also Tables of Weights of Materials, and other Useful Memoranda. ByTnos. DOWNIE. Strongly bound in leather, 396 pp., 95. " A most useful set of tables. . . . Nothing like them before existad." Uuilding News. M Although specially adapted to the iron and metal trades, the tables will be found useful in every other business in which merchandise is bought and sold by weight." Rail-way News, 30 CROSBY LOCK WOOD &> SON'S CATALOGUE. Calculator for Numbers and Weights Combined. THE NUMBER, WEIGHT AND FRACTIONAL CALCU- LATOR. Containing upwards of 250,000 Separate Calculations, showing at a glance the value at 422 diflerent ra'tes, ranging from T ^th of a Penny to 2os. each, or per cwt., and 20 per ton, of any number of articles consecu- tively, from i to 470. Any number of cwts., qrs., and Ibs., from i cwt. to 470 cwts. Any number of tons, cwts., qrs., and Ibs., from i to 1,000 tons. By WILLIAM CHADWICK, Public Accountant. Third Edition, Revised and Im- proved. 8vo, price i8s., strongly bound for Office wear and tear. *** This work is specially adapted for the. Apportionment of Mileage Charges for Railway Traffic. K3" This comprehensive and entirely unique and original Calculator is adapted for the use of Accountants and Auditors, Railway Companies, Canal Companies, Shippers, Shipping Agents, General Carriers, etc. Ironfounders, Brass founders, Metal Merchants, Iron Manufacturersjronmongers, Engineers, Machinists, Boiler Makers, Millwrights, Roofing, Bridge and Girder Makers, Colliery Proprietors, etc. Timber Merchants, Builders, Contractors, Architects, Surveyors, Auctioneers Valuers, Brokers, Mill Owners and Manufacturers, Mill Furnishers, Merchants and General Wholesale Tradesmen. \* OPINIONS OF THE PRESS. "The book contains the answers to questions, and not simply a set of ingenious puzzle methods of arriving at results. It is as easy of reference for any answer or any number of answers as a dictionary, ana the references are even more quickly made. For making up accounts or esti- mates, the book must prove invaluable to all who have any considerable quantity of calculations involving price and measure in any combination to do." Engineer. " The most perfect work of the kind yet prepared." Glasgow Herald. Comprehensive Weight Calculator. THE WEIGHT CALCULATOR. Being a Series of Tables upon a New and Comprehensive Plan, exhibiting at One Reference the exact Value of any Weight from i Ib. to 15 tons, at 300 Progressive Rates, from id. to i68s. per cwt., and containing 186,000 Direct Answers, which, with their Combinations, consisting of a single addition (mostly to be performed at sight), will afford an aggregate of 10,266,000 Answers ; the whole being calcu- lated and designed to ensure correctness and promote despatch. By HENRY HARBEN, Accountant. Fourth Edition, carefully Corrected. Royal 8vo, strongly half-bound, i 55. " A practical and useful work of reference for men of business generally ; it is the best of the kind we have seen.' Ironmonger. "Of priceless value to business men. It is a necessary book iu all mercantile offices." Shtf* field Independent. Comprehensive Discount Guide. THE DISCOUNT GUIDE. Comprising several Series of Tables for the use of Merchants, Manufacturers, Ironmongers, and others, by which may be ascertained the exact Profit arising from any mode of using Discounts, either in the Purchase or Sale of Goods, and the method of either Altering a Rate of Discount or Advancing a Price, so as to produce, by one operation, a sum that will realise any required profit after allowing one or more Discounts : to which are added Tables of Profit or Advance from i J to QO per cent., Tables of Discount from ij to 98$ per cent., and Tables of Com- mission, &c., from to 10 per cent. By HENRY HARBEN, Accountant, Author of " The Weight Calculator." New Edition, carefully Revised and Corrected Demy 8vo, 544 pp. half-bound, i 55. " A book such as this can only be appreciated by business men, to v.hom the saving of time means saving of money. We have the high authority of Professor J. R. Young that the tables throughout the work are constructed upon strictly accurate principles. The work is a mode of typographical clearness, and must prove of great value to merchants, manufacturers, and general traders." British Trade Journal. Iron Shipbuilders 9 and Merchants 9 Weight Tables. IRON -PLATE WEIGHT TABLES: For Iron Shipbuilders, Engineers and Iron Merchants. Containing the Calculated Weights of up- wards of 150,000 different sizes of Iron Plates, from ( i foot by 6 in. by i in. to 10 feet by 5 feet by i in. Worked out on the basis of 40 Ibs. to the square foot of Iron of i inch in thickness. Carelully compiled and thoroughly Re- vised by H. BURLINSON and W. H. SIMPSON. Oblong 4to, 255. half-bound. "This work will be found of great utility. The authors have had much practical experience of what is wanting in making estimates; and the use of the book \\ill save much time in making elaborate calculations." English Mechanic. INDUSTRIAL AND USEFUL ARTS. 31 INDUSTRIAL AND USEFUL ARTS. Soap-making. THE ART OF SOAP-MAKING: A Practical Handbook of the Manufacture of Hard and Soft Soaps, Toilet Soaps, etc. Including many New Processes, and a Chapter on the Recovery of Glycerine from Waste Leys. By ALEXANDER WATT, Author ot " Electro- Metallurgy Practically Treated," &c. With numerous Illustrations. Fourth Edition, Revised and Enlarged. Crown 8vo, 75. 6d. cloth. "The work will prove very useful, not merely to the technological student, but he practical soap-boiler who wishes to understand the theory of his art." Chemical News. "Mr. Watt's book is a thoroughly practical treatise on an art which has almost no literature In our language. We congratulate the author on the success of his endeavour to fill a void in English technical literature." Nature. Paper Making. THE ART OF PAPER MAKING : A Practical Handbook of the Manufacture of Paper from Rags, Esparto, Straw and other Fibrous Materials, Including the Manufacture of Pulp from Wood Fibre, with a Description of the Machinery and Appliances used. To which are added Details of Processes for Recovering Soda from Waste Liquors. By ALEXANDER WATT. With Illustrations. Crown 8vo, 75. 6d. cloth. "This book is succinct, lucid, thoroughly practical, and includes everything of interest to the modern paper maker. It is the latest, most practical and most complete work on the paper-making art before the British public."- Paper Record. ' ' It may be regarded as the standard work on the subject. The book is full of valuable in- formation. The ' Art of Paper- making,' is in every respect a model of a textbook, either for a technical class or for the private student." Paper and Printing Trades Joitr>tal. " Admirably adapted for general as well as ordinary technical reference, and as a handbook for students in technical education may be warmly commended." The Paper Makers Monthly Journal. Leather Manufacture, THE ART OF LEATHER MANUFACTURE. Being a Practical Handbook, in which the Operations of Tanning, Currying, and Leather Dressing are fully Described, the Principles of Tanning Explained and many Recent Processes introduced. By ALEXANDER WATT, Author of " Soap-Making," &c. With numerous Illustrations. Second Edition, Crown 8vo, gs. cloth. ' ' A sound, comprehensive treatise on tanning and Its accessories. This book is an eminently valuable production, which redounds to the credit of both author and publishers." Chemical Review. "This volume is technical without being tedious, comprehensive and complete without being prosy, and it bears on every page the impress of a master hand. We have never come across a better trade treatise, nor one that so thoroughly supplied an absolute want." Shoe and Leather Trades 1 Chronicle. Boot and Shoe Making. THE ART OF BOOT AND SHOE-MAKING. A Practical Handbook, including Measurement, Last-Fitting, Cutting-Out, Closing and Making, with a Description of the most approved Machinery employed. By JOHN B. LENO, late Editor of St. Crispin, and The Boot and Shoe-Maker. With numerous Illustrations. Third Edition. i2mo, 25. cloth limp. "This excellent treatise is by far the best work ever written on the subject. A new work, embracing all modern improvements, was much wanted. This want is now satisfied. The chapte* on clicking, which shows how waste may be prevented, will save fifty times the price of the book." Scottish Leather Trader. Dentistry. MECHANICAL DENTISTRY: A Practical Treatise on the Construction of the various kinds of Artificial Dentures. Comprising also Use- ful Formulae, Tables and Receipts for Gold Plate, Clasps, Solders, &c. &c. By CHARLES HUNTER. Third Edition, Revised. With upwards of 100 Wood Engravings. Crown 8vo, 35. 6d. cloth. " The work is very practical." Monthly Review of Dental Surgery. " We can strongly recommend Mr. Hunter's treatise to all students preparing for the profession of dentistry, as wellas to every mechanical dentist." Dublin Journal of Medical Science. Wood Engraving. WOOD ENGRA VING : A Practical and Easy Introduction to the Study of the Art. By WILLIAM NORMAN BROWN. Second Edition. With numerous Illustrations. iamo, is. 6d. cloth limp. " The book is clear and complete, and will be useful to anyone wanting to understand the first elements of the beautiful art of wood engraving." Graphic. 32 CROSBY LOCKIVOOD &- SON'S CATALOGUE. HANDYBOOKS FOR HANDICRAFTS. By PUL N, HASLU3K. Metal Turning. THE MET A L TURNER'S HA ND YBOOK. A Practical Manual for Workers at the Foot-Lathe: Embracing Information on the Tools, Appliances and Processes employed in Metal Turning. By PAUL N. HAS- LUCK, Author of " Lathe-Work." With upwards of One Hundred Illustra- tions. Second Edition, Revised. Crown 8vo, 2S. cloth. " Clearly and concisely written, excellent in every way." Mechanical World. Wood Turning. THE WOOD TURNER'S HANDYBOOK. A Practical Manual for Workers at the Lathe : Embracing Information on the Tools, Appliances and Processes Employed in Wood Turning. By PAUL N. HASLUCK. With upwards of One Hundred Illustrations. Crown 8vo, as- cloth. "We recommend the book to young turners and amateurs. A multitude of workmen have liitiierto sought in vain for a manual of this special industry." Mechanical World. WOOD AND METAL TURNING. By P. N. HASLUCK. (Being the Two preceding Vols. bound together.) 300 pp , with upwards of 200 Illustrations, crown 8vo, 35. 6d. cloth. Watch Repairing. THE WATCH JOBBER'S HANDYBOOK. A Practical Manual on Cleaning, Repairing and Adjusting. Embracing Information on the Tools, Materials, Appliances and Processes Employed in Watchwork. By PAUL N. HASLUCK. With upwards of One Hundred Illustrations. Cr. 8vo, as. cloth, ' All young persons connected with the trade should acquire and study this excellent, and at tfie same time, inexpensive work." CUrkemuell Chronicle. Clock Repairing. THE CLOCK JOBBER'S HANDYBOOK: A Practical Manual on Cleaning, Repairing and Adjusting. Embracing Information on the Tools, Materials, Appliances and Processes Employed in Clockwork. By PAUL N. HASLUCK. With upwards of 100 Illustrations. Cr. 8vo, zs. cloth. <( Of inestimable service to those commencing the trade." Coventry Standard. WATCH AND CLOCK JOBBING. By P. N. HASLUCK. (Being the Two preceding Vols. bound together.) 32^ pp., with upwards of 200 Illustrations, crown 8vo, 35. 6d. cloth. Pattern Malting. THE PATTERN MAKER'S HANDYBOOK. A Practical Manual, embracing Information on the Tools, Materials and Appliances em- ployed in Constructing Patterns for Founders. By PAUL N. HASLUCK. With One Hundred Illustrations. Crown 8vo, zs. cloth. "This handy volume contains sound information of considerable value to students and sftificers." Hard-ware Trades Joitrnal. Mechanical Manipulation. THE MECHANICS WORKSHOP HANDYBOOK. A Practical Manual on Mechanical Manipulation. Embracing Information on various Handicraft Processes, with useful Notes and Miscellaneous Memoranda. By PAUL N. HASLUCK. Crown 8vo, as. cloth. " It is a book which should be found in every workshop, as it is one which will be continually referred to for a very great amount of standard information." Saturday Review. Model Engineering. THE MODEL ENGINEER'S HANDYBOOK: A Practical M&nual on Model Steam Engines. Embracing Information on the Tools, Materials and Processes Employed in their Construction. By PAUL N. HASLUCK. With upwards of 100 Illustrations. Crown 8vo, as. cloth. " By carefully going through the work, amateurs may pick up an excellent notion of the con- Struction of full-sized steam engines." Telegraphic Journal. Cabinet Making. THE CABINET WORKER'S HANDYBOOK: A Practical Manual, embracing Information on the Tools, Materials, Appliances and Processes employed in Cabinet Work. By PAUL N. HASLUCK, Author of "Lathe Work," &c. With upwards of 100 Illustrations. Crown 8vo, as. Cloth. {Glasj?o7t> Herald, *' Thoroughly practical throughout. The amateur worker in wood w.ll find it most useful." INDUSTRIAL AND USEFUL ARTS. 33 Electrolysis of Gold, Silver, Copper, etc. ELECTRO-DEPOSITION : A Practical Treatise on the Electrolysis of Gold, Silver, Copper, Nickel, and other Metals and Alloys. With descrip- tions of Voltaic Batteries, Magneto and Dynamo-Electric Machines, Ther- mopiles, and of the Materials and Processes used in every Department of the Art, and several Chapters on Electro-Metallurgy. By ALEXANDER WATT. Third Edition, Revised and Corrected. Crown 8vo, gs. cloth. "Eminently a book for the practical worker in electro-deposition. It contains practical descriptions of methods, processes and materials as actually pursued and used in the workshop." Engineer, Electro-Metallurgy. ELECTRO-MET A LL URG Y ; Practically Treated. By ALEXANDER WATT, Author of " Electro-Deposition," &c. Ninth Edition, Enlarged and Revised, with Additional Illustrations, and including the most recent Processes. i2mo, 45. cloth boards. "From this book both amateur and artisan may learn everything necessary for the successful prosecution of electroplating-." Iron. Electroplating* ELECTROPLATIN-G : A Practical Handbook on the Deposi- tion of Copper, Silver, Nickel, Gold, Aluminium, Brass, Platinum, &c. &c. With Descriptions of the Chemicals, Materials, Batteries and Dynamo Machines used in the Art. By J. W. URQUHART, C.E. Second Edition, with Additions. Numerous Illustrations. Crown 8vo, 55. cloth. " An excellent practical manual." Engineering-, " An excellent work, giving the newest information." Horological Journal. Electrotyping. ELECTROTYPING : The Reproduction and Multiplication of Print- ing Surfaces and Works of Art by the Electro-deposition of Metals. By J. W. URQUHART, C.E. Crown 8vo, 55. cloth. " The book is thoroughly practical. The reader is, therefore, conducted through the leading Laws of electricity, then through the metals used by electrotypers, the apparatus, and the depositing processes, up to the final preparation of the work." Art Journal. Horology. A TREATISE ON MODERN HOROLOGY, in Theory and Prac- tice. Translated from the French of CLAUDIUS SAUNIER, by JULIEN TRIP- PLIN, F.R.A.S., and EDWARD RIGG, M.A., Assayer in the Royal Mint. With 78 Woodcuts and 22 Coloured Plates. Second Edition. Royal 8vo, 2 zs. cloth ; 2 i os. half-calf. " There is no horological work in the English language at all to be compared to this produc- tion of M. Saunier's for clearness and completeness. It is alike good as a guide for the student and as a reference for the experienced horologist and skilled workman." Horological Journal. " The latest, the most complete, and the most reliable of those literary productions to which continental watchmakers are indebted for the mechanical superiority over their English brethren in fact, the Book of Books, is M. Saunier's 'Treatise.'" Watchmaker, Jeweller and Silversmith. Watchmaking. THE WATCHMAKER'S HANDBOOK. A Workshop Com- panion for those engaged in Watchmaking and the Allied Mechanical Arts. From the French of CLAUDIUS SAUNIER. Enlarged by JULIEN TRIPPLIN, F.R.A.S., and EDWARD RIGG, M.A., Assayer in the Royal Mint. Woodcuts and Copper Plates. Third Edition, Revised. Crown 8vo, gs. cloth. " Each part is truly a treatise in itself. The arrangement is good and the language is clear and concise. It is an admirable guide for the young watchmaker." Engineering. " It is impossible to speak too highly of its excellence. It fulfils every requirement in a hand- book intended for the use of a workman." Watch and Clock-maker. " This book contains an immense number of practical details bearing on the daily occupation of a watchmaker." Watchmaker and Metal-worker (Chicago). Goldsmiths' Work. THE GOLDSMITH'S HANDBOOK. By GEORGE E. GEE, Jeweller, &c. Third Edition, considerably Enlarged. i2mo, 35. 6d. cl. bds. "A good, sovnd educator, and will be accepted as an authority." Horological Journal. Silversmiths 9 Work. THE SILVERSMITH'S HANDBOOK. By GEORGE E. GEE, Jeweller, &c. Second Edition, Revised, with numerous Illustrations, I2mo, 35. 6d. cloth boards. " Workers in the trade will speedily discover its merits when they sit down to study it." English Mechanic. *** The above two works together, strongly half-bound, price ys. . 34 CROSBY LOCKWOOD & SON'S CATALOGUE. Bread and Biscuit Baking. THE BREAD AND BISCUIT BAKER'S AND SUGAR- BOILER'S ASSISTANT. Including a large variety of Modern Recipes. With Remarks on the Art of Bread-making. By ROBERT WELLS, Practical Baker. Second Edition, with Additional Recipes. Crown 8vo, is. cloth. " A large number of wrinkles for the ordinary cook, as well as the baker." Saturday Review. Confectionery. THE PASTRYCOOK AND CONFECTIONER'S GUIDE. For Hotels, Restaurants and the Trade in general, adapted also for Family Use. By ROBERT WELLS, Author of " The Bread and Biscuit Baker's and Sugar Boiler's Assistant." Crown 8vo, as. cloth. " We cannot speak too highly of this really excellent work. In these days of keen competition our readers cannot do better than purchase this book." Bakers' Times. Ornamental Confectionery. ORNAMENTAL CONFECTIONERY : A Guide for Bakers, Confectioners and Pastrycooks ; including a variety of Modern Recipes, and Remarks on Decorative and Coloured Work. With 129 Original Designs. By ROBERT WELLS. Crown 8vo, 55. cloth. " A valuable work, and should be in the hands of every baker and confectioner. The illus- rative designs are alone worth treble the amount charged for the whole work." - Bakers' Times. Flour Confectionery. THE MODERN FLOUR CONFECTIONER. Wholesale and Retail. Containing a large Collection of Recipes for Cheap Cakes, Biscuits, &c. With Remarks on the Ingredients used in their Manufacture, &c. By R. WELLS, Author of "Ornamental Confectionery," "The Bread and Biscuit Baker," "The Pastrycook's Guide," &c. Crown 8vo, 2S. cloth. Laundry Work. LA UN DRY MANAGEMENT. A Handbook for Use in Private and Public Laundries, Including Descriptive Accounts of Modern Machinery and Appliances for Laundry Work. By the EDITOR of " The Laundry Journal." With numerous Illustrations. Crown 8vo, zs. 6d. cloth. CHEMICAL MANUFACTURES & COMMERCE. JXew Manual of Engineering Chemistry. ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY : A Practical Treatise for the Use of Analytical Chemists, Engineers, Iron Masters, Iron Founders, Students, and others. Comprising Methods of Analysis and Valuation of the Principal Materials used in Engineering Work, with numerous Analyses, Examples, and Suggestions. By H. JOSHUA PHILLIPS, F.I.C., F.C.S. Analytical and Consulting Chemist to the Great Eastern Railway. Crown 8vo 320 pp., with Illustrations, IDS. 6d. cloth. [Just published " In this work the author has rendered no small service to a numerous body of practical men . . . The analytical methods may be pronounced most satisfactory, being as accurate as the despatch required of engineering chemists permits." Chemical News. Analysis ana Valuation of Fuels. FUELS: SOLID, LIQUID AND GASEOUS, Their Analysis and Valuation. For the Use of Chemists and Engineers. By H. J. PHILLIPS, F.C.S. , Analytical and Consulting Chemist to the Great Eastern Railway. Crown 8vo, 35. 6d. cloth. " Ought to have its place in the laboratory of every metallurgical establishment, and wherever fuel is used on a large scale." Chemical Nevus. " Cannot fail to be of wide interest, especially at the present time." Rail-way News. Alkali Trade, Manufacture of Sulphuric Acid, etc. A MANUAL OF THE ALKALI TRADE, including the Manufacture of Sulphuric Acid, Sulphate of Soda, nd Bleaching Powder, By JOHN LOMAS. 390 pages. With 232 Illustrations and Working Drawings. Second Edition. Royal 8vo, i IDS. cloth. "This book is written by a manufacturer for manufacturers. The working details of the most approved forms of apparatus are given, and these are accompanied by no less than 232 wood en- gravings, all of which may be used for the purposes of construction." Athenceutn. AGRICULTURE, FARMING, GARDENING, etc. 35 The Blowpipe. THE BLOWPIPE IN CHEMISTRY, MINERALOGY, AND GEOLOGY. Containing all known Methods of Anhydrous Analysis, Work- ing Examples, and Instructions for Making Apparatus. By Lieut.-Col. W. A Ross, R.A. With 120 Illustrations. New Edition. Crown 8vo, 55. cloth. "The student who goes through the course of experimentation here laid down will gain a better insight into inorganic chemistry and mineralogy than if he had 'got up' any of the best text-books oi the day, and passed any number of examinations in their contents.' Chemical News. Commercial Chemical Analysis. THE COMMERCIAL HANDBOOK OF CHEMICAL ANA- LYSIS; or, Practical Instructions for the determination of the Intrinsic or Commercial Value of Substances used in Manufactures,Trades, and the Arts. By A. NORMANDY. New Edition by H. M. NOAD, F.R.S. Cr. 8vo, 125. 6d. cl. "Essential to the analysts appointed under the new Act. The most recent results are given. and the work is well edited and carefully written." Nature. brewing. A HANDBOOK FOR YOUNG BREWERS. By HERBERT EDWARDS WRIGHT, B. A. New Edition, much Enlarged. [In the press. Dye-Wares and Colours. THE MANUAL OF COLOURS AND DYE-WARES : Their Properties, Applications, Valuation, Impurities, and Sophistications. For the use of Dyers, Printers, Drysalters, Brokers, &c. By J. W. SLATER. Secono Edition, Revised and greatly Enlarged. Crown 8vo, ys, 6d. cloth. "A complete encyclopaedia of the materiel tinctoria.. The information given respecting each article is full and precise, and the methods of determining the value of articles such as these, so liable to sophistication, are given with clearness, and are practical as well as valuable." Chemist and Druggist. "There is no other work which covers precisely the same ground. To students preparing for examinations in dyeing and printing it will prove exceedingly useful." Chemical News. Figments. THE ARTIST'S MANUAL OF PIGMENTS. Showing their Composition, Conditions of Permanency, Non-Permanency, and Adul terations ; Effects in Combination with Each Other and with Vehicles ; and the most Reliable Tests of Purity. By H. C. STANDAGE, Second Edition. Crown 8vp, zs. 6d. cloth. "This work is indeed multum-in-parvo, and we can, with good conscience, recommend it to all who come in contact with pigments, whether as makers, dealers or users." Chemical Review. Gauging. Tables and Mules for Revenue Officers, Brewers, etc. A POCKET BOOK OF MENSURATION AND GAUGING: Containing Tables, Rules and Memoranda for Revenue Officers, Brewers, Spirit Merchants, &c. By J. B. MANT (Inland Revenue). Second Edition Revised. Oblong i8mo, 45. leather, with elastic band. " This handy and useful book is adapted to the requirements of the Inland Revenue Depart tnent, and will be a favourite book of reference." Civilian. " Should be in the hands of every practical brewer." Brewers' Journal. AGRICULTURE, FARMING, GARDENING, etc. Youatt and Burn's Complete Grazier. THE COMPLETE GRAZIER, and FARMER'S and CATTLE- BREEDER'S ASSISTANT. Including the Breeding, Rearing, and Feeding of Stock ; Management of the Dairy, Culture and Management of Grass Land, and of Grain and Root Crops, &c. By W. YOUATT and R. SCOTT BURN. An entirely New Edition, partly Re-written and greatly Enlarged, by W. FREAM, B.Sc.Lond., LL.D. In medium 8vo, about 1,000 pp. \In the press. Agricultural Facts and Figures. NOTE-BOOK OF AGRICULTURAL FACTS AND FIGURES FOR FARMERS AND FARM STUDENTS. By PRIMROSE McCoNNELL, late Professor of Agriculture, Glasgow Veterinary College. Third Edition Royal 32mo, 45. leather. "The most complete and comprehensive Note-book for Farmers and Farm Students that we have seen. It literally teems with information, and we can cordially recommend it to all connected with agricullture." North British Agriculturist. 36 CROSBY LOCK WOOD & SON'S CATALOGUE. Flour Manufacture, Milling, etc. FLOUR MANUFACTURE: A Treatise on Milling Science and Practice. By FRIEDRICH KICK, Imperial Regierungsrath, Professor of Mechanical Technology in the Imperial German Polytechnic Institute, Prague. Translated from the Second Enlarged and Revised Edition with Supplement. By H. H. P. POWLES, A.M.I.C.E. Nearly 400 pp. Illustrated with 28 Folding Plates, and 167 Woodcuts. Royal 8vo, 255. cloth. " This valuable work is, and will remain, the standard authority on the science of milling. . The miller v/ho has read and digested this work will have laid the foundation, so to speak, of a suc- cessful career ; he will have acquired a number of general principles which he can proceed to apply. In this handsome volume we at last have the accepted text-book of modern milling in good, sound English, which has little, if any, trace of the German idiom." The Miller. " The appearance of this celebrated work in English is very opportune, and British millers will, we are sure, not be slow in availing themselves of its pages." Millers' Gazette. Small Farming. SYSTEMATIC SMALL FARMING; or, The Lessons of my Farm. Being an Introduction to Modern Farm Practice for Small Farmers in the Culture of Crops ; The Feeding of Cattle ; The Management of the Dairy, Poultry and Pigs, &c. &c. By ROBERT SCOTT BURN, Author of " Out- lines of Landed Estates' Management." Numerous Illusts., cr. 8vo, 6s. cloth. "This is the completest book of its class we have seen, and one which every amateur farmer will read with pleasure and accept as a guide. " Field. " The volume contains a vast amount of useful information. No branch of farming is left untouched, from the labour to be done to the results achieved. It may be safely recommended to all who think they will be in paradise when they buy or rent a three-acre farm." Glasgow Herald, Modern Farming. OUTLINES OF MODERN FARMING. By R. SCOTT BURN. Soils, Manures, and Crops Farming and Farming Economy Cattle, Sheep, and Horses Management of Dairy, Pigs and Poultry Utilisation of Town-Sewage, Irrigation, &c. Sixth Edition. In One Vol., 1,250 pp., half- bound, profusely Illustrated, i2S. " The aim of the author has been to make his work at once comprehensive and trustworthy, and In this aim he has succeeded to a degree which entitles him to much credit." Morning Advertiser. " No farmer should be without this book." Banbury Guardian. Agricultural Engineering. FARM ENGINEERING, THE COMPLETE TEXT-BOOK OF. Comprising Draining and Embanking ; Irrigation and Water Supply ; Farm Roads, Fences, and Gates ; Farm Buildings, their Arrangement and Con- struction, with Plans and Estimates ; Barn Implements and Machines ; Field Implements and Machines ; Agricultural Surveying, Levelling, &c. By Prof. JOHN SCOTT, Editor of the " Farmers' Gazette," late Professor of Agriculture and Rural Economy at the Royal Agricultural College, Cirencester, &c, &c. In One Vol., 1,150 pages, half-bound, with over 600 Illustrations, 125. "Written with great care, as well as with knowledge and ability. The author has done his work well ; we have found him a very trustworthy guide wherever we have tested his statements. The volume will be of great value to agricultural students," Mark Lane Express. " For a young agriculturist we know of [no handy volume likely to be more usefully studied." BelFs Weekly Messenger. English Agriculture. THE FIELDS OF GREAT BRITAIN : A Text-Book of Agriculture, adapted to the Syllabus of the Science and Art Department. For Elementary and Advanced Students. By HUGH CLEMENTS (Board of Trade). Second Ed., Revised, with Additions. i8mo, 2S. 6d. cl, "A most comprehensive volume, giving a mass of information." Agricultural Economist. "It is a long time since we have seen a book which has pleased us more, or which contai such a vast and useful fund of knowledge." Educational Times. Tables for Farmers, etc. TABLES, MEMORANDA, AND CALCULATED RESULTS for Farmers, Graziers, Agricultural Students, Surveyors, Land Agents Auc- tioneers, etc. With a New System of Farm Book-keeping. Selected and Arranged by SIDNEY FRANCIS. Second Edition, Revised. 272 pp., waist- coat-pocket size, is. 6d. limp leather. "Weighing less than i oz., and occupying no more space than a match box, it contains a mass of facts and calculations which has never before, hi such handy form, been obtainable. . Every operation on the farm is dealt with. The work may be taken as thoroughly accurate, the whole of the tables having been revised by Dr. Fream. We cordially recommend it." Bell's Weekly Messenger. " A marvellous little book. . . . The agriculturist who possesses himself of it will not be disappointed with his investment." The Farm. AGRICULTURE, FARMING, GARDENING, etc. 37 Farm and Estate Book-Jceeping. BOOK-KEEPING FOR FARMERS & ESTATE OWNERS. A Practical Treatise, presenting, in Three Plans, a System adapted for all Classes of Farms. By JOHNSON M. WOODMAN, Chartered Accountant. Second Edition, Revised. Cr. 8vo, 35. 6d. cl. bds. ; or 2S. 6d. cl. limp. " The volume is a capital study of a most important subject." Agricultural Gazette. " Will be found of great assistance by those who intend to commence a system of book-keep- ing 1 , the author's examples being clear and explicit, and his explanations, while full and accurate, being to a large extent free from technicalities." Live Stock Journal. Farm, Account Book. WOODMAN'S YEARLY FARM ACCOUNT BOOK. Giving a Weekly Labour Account and Diary, and showing the Income and Expen- diture under each Department of Crops, Live Stock, Dairy, &c. &c. With Valuation, Profit and Loss Account, and Balance Sheet at the end of the Year, and an Appendix of Forms. Ruled and Headed for Entering a Com- plete Record of the Farming Operations. By JOHNSON M. WOODMAN, Chartered Accountant. Folio, 75. 6d. half bound. {.culture. "Contains every requisite form for keeping farm accounts readily and accurately." Agri- Early Fruits, Flowers and Vegetables. THE FORCING GARDEN ; or, How to Grow Early Fruits, Flowers, and Vegetables. With Plans and Estimates for Building Glass- houses, Pits and Frames. By SAMUEL WOOD. Crown 8vo, 35. 6d. cloth. "A good book, and fairly fills a place that was in S9me degree vacant. The book is written with great care, and contains a great deal of valuable teaching." Gardeners' Magazine. " Mr. Wood's book is an original and exhaustive answer to the question ' How to Grow Early Fruits, Flowers and Vegetables ? ' " Land and Water. Good Gardening. A PLAIN GUIDE TO GOOD GARDENING ; or, How to Grow Vegetables, Fruits, and Flowers. With Practical Notes on Soils, Manures, Seeds, Planting, Laying-out of Gardens and Grounds, &c. By S. WOOD. Fourth Edition, with numerous Illustrations. Crown 8vo, 35. 6d. cloth. "A very good book, and one to be highly recommended as a practical guide. The practical directions are excellent." Athenceum. " May be recommended to young gardeners, cottagers, and specially to amateurs, for the plain, simple, and trustworthy information it gives on common matters too often neglected." Gardeners' Chronicle. Gainful Gardening. MULTUM-IN-PARVO GARDENING', or, How to make One Acre of Land produce 620 a-year by the Cultivation of Fruits and Vegetables ; also, How to Grow Flowers in Three Glass Houses, so as to realise 176 per annum clear Profit. By S. WOOD. Fifth Edition. Crown 8vo, is. sewed. "We are bound to recommend it as not only suited to the case of the amateur and gentleman's gardener, but to the market grower." Gardeners' Magazine. Gardening for Ladies. THE LADIES' MULTUM-IN-PARVO FLOWER GARDEN, and Amateurs' Complete Guide. By S. WOOD. With Illusts. Cr.Svo, 35. 6d. cl. " This volume contains a good deal of sound, common sense instruction." Florist. "Full of shrewd hints and useful instructions, based on a lifetime of experience." Scotsman, Receipts for Gardeners. GARDEN RECEIPTS. By C. W. QUIN. I2mo, is. 6d. cloth. "A useful and handy book, containing a good deal of valuable information." Athenceum. Market Gardening. MARKET AND KITCHEN GARDENING. By Contributors to "The Garden." Compiled by C. W. SHAW, late Editor of "Gardening Illustrated." i2mo, 35. 6d. cloth boards. " The most valuable compendium of kitchen and market-garden work published." Partner. Cottage Gardening. COTTAGE GARDENING; or, Flowers, Fruits, and Vegetables for Small Gardens. By E. HOBDAY. I2mo, is. 6d. cloth limp. Potato Culture. POTATOES : How to Grow and Show Them. A Practical Guide to the Cultivation and General Treatment of the Potato. By JAMES PINK. Second Edition. Crown 8vo, 2s. cloth. 38 CROSBY LOCKWOOD & SON'S CATALOGUE. LAND AND ESTATE MANAGEMENT, LAW, etc. Hudson's Land Valuer's Pocket-Book. THE LAND VALUER'S BEST ASSISTANT: Being Tables on a very much Improved Plan, for Calculating the Value of Estates. With Tables for reducing Scotch, Irish, and Provincial Customary Acres to Statute Measure, &c. By R. HUDSON, C.E. New Edition. Royal 32010, leather, elastic band, 45. "This new edition includes tables for ascertaining- the value of leases for any term of years and for showing- how to lay put plots of ground of certain acres in forms, square, round, &c., with valuable rules for ascertaining- the probable worth of standing timber to any amount ; and is of incalculable value to the country gentleman and professional man." Farmers' Journal. Ewart's Land Improver's Pocket-Book. THE LAND IMPROVER'S POCKET-BOOK OF FORMULA, TABLES and MEMORANDA required in any Computation relating to the Permanent Improvement of Landed Property. By JOHN EWART, Land Surveyor and Agricultural Engineer. Second Edition, Revised. Royal 32010, oblong, leather, gilt edges, with elastic band, 45. "A compendious and handy little volume." Spectator. Complete Agricultural Surveyor's PocJcet-Book. THE LAND VALUER'S AND LAND IMPROVER'S COM- PLETE POCKET-BOOK. Consisting of the above Two Works bound to- gether. Leather, gilt edges, with strap, 75. 6d. " Hudson's book is the best ready-reckoner on matters relating to the valuation of land and crops, and its combination with Mr. Ewart's work greatly enhances the value and usefulness of the tatter-mentioned. . . . It is most useful as a manual for reference." North of England Fanner. Auctioneer's Assistant. THE APPRAISER, A UCTIONEER, BROKER, HOUSE AND ESTA TE A GENT A ND VALUER'S POCKET A SSISTA NT, tor the Valua- tion for Purchase, Sale, or Renewal of Leases, Annuities and Reversions, and of property generally; with Prices for Inventories, &c. By JOHN WHEELER, Valuer, &c. Fifth Edition, re-written and greatly extended by C. NORRIS, Surveyor, Valuer, &c. Royal 32010, 55. cloth. " A neat and concise book of reference, containing an admirable and clearly-arranged list of prices for inventories, and a very practical guide to determine the value of furniture, &c." Standard. " Contains a large quantity of varied and useful information as to the valuation for purchase, sale, or renewal of leases, annuities and reversions, and of property generally, with prices for inventories, and a guide to determine the value of interior fittings and other effects." Builder. Auctioneering. AUCTIONEERS: THEIR DUTIES AND LIABILITIES. A Manual of Instruction and Counsel for the Young Auctioneer. By ROBERT SQUIBBS, Auctioneer. Second Edition, Revised and partly Re- written. Demy 8vo, 125. 6d. cloth, "The position and duties of auctioneers treated compendiously and clearly." Builder. "Every auctioneer ought to possess a copy of this excellent work." Ironmonger. " Of great value to the profession. . . . We readily welcome this book from the fact that it treats the subject in a manner somewhat new to the profession." Estates Gazette. Legal Guide for Pawnbrokers, THE PAWNBROKERS', FACTORS' AND MERCHANTS' GUIDE TO THE LAW OF LOANS AND PLEDGES. With the Statutes and a Digest of Cases on Rights and Liabilities, Civil and Criminal, as to Loans and Pledges of Goods, Debentures, Mercantile and other Se- curities. By H. C. FOLKARD, Esq., Barrister-at-Law, Author of " The Law of Slander and Libel," &c. With Additions and Corrections. Fcap. 8vo, 35. 6d. cloth. " This work contains simply everything that requires to be known concerning the department of the law of which it treats. We can safely commend the book as unique and very nearly perfect." Iron. " The task undertaken by Mr. Folkard has been very satisfactorily performed. . . Such ex- planations as are needful have been supplied with great clearness and with due regard to brevity." City Press. LAND AND ESTATE MANAGEMENT, LAW, etc. 39 Law of Patents. PATENTS FOR INVENTIONS, AND HOW TO PROCURE THEM. Compiled for the Use of Inventors, Patentees and others. By G. G. M. HARDINGHAM, Assoc.Mem.Inst.C.E., (ice. Demy 8vo, cloth, price 2s. 6d. Metropolitan Hating Appeals. REPORTS OF APPEALS HEARD BEFORE THE COURT OF GENERAL ASSESSMENT SESSIONS, from the Year 1871 to 1885. By EDWARD RYDE and ARTHUR LYON RYDE. Fourth Edition, brought down to the Present Date, with an Introduction to the Valuation (Metropolis) Act, 1869, and an Appendix by WALTER C. RYDE, of the Inner Temple, Barrister- at-Law. 8vo, i6s. cloth. " A useful work, occupying a place mid-way between a handbook for a lawyer and a guide to the surveyor. It is compiled by a gentleman eminent in his profession as a land agent, whose spe- cialty, it is acknowledged, lies i the direction of assessing property for rating purposes." Land Agents' Record. " It is an indispensable wo of reference for all engaged in assessment business." Journal of Gas Lighting. House Property. HANDBOOK OF HOUSE PROPERTY. A Popular and Practi- cal Guide to the Purchase, Mortgage, Tenancy, and Compulsory Sale of Houses and Land, including the Law of Dilapidations and Fixtures; with Examples of all kinds of Valuations, Useful Intormation on Building, and Suggestive Elucidations of Fine Art. By E. L. TARBUCK, Architect and Surveyor. Fourth Edition, Enlarged. i2mo, 55. cloth. " The advice is thoroughly practical." Law Journal. " For all who have dealings with house property, this is an indispensable guide." Decoration. "Carefully brought up to date, and much improved by the addition of a division on fine art. " A well -written and thoughtful v/ork."Land Agent's Record. Inwood's Estate Tables. TABLES FOR THE PURCHASING OF ESTATES, Freehold, Copyhold, or Leasehold; Annuities, Advowsons, etc., and for the Renewing of Leases held under Cathedral Churches, Colleges, or other Corporate bodies, for Terms of Years certain, and for Lives ; also for Valuing Reversionary Estates, Deferred Annuities, Next Presentations, &c. ; together with SMART'S Five Tables of Compound Interest, and an Extension of the same to Lower and Intermediate Rates. By W. INWOOD. asrd Edition, with considerable Additions, and new and valuable Tables of Logarithms for the more Difficult Computations of the Interest oi Money, Discount, Annuities, &c., by M. FEDOR THOMAN, of the Societe Credit Mobilier of Paris. Crown 8vo, 8s. cloth. "Those interested in the purchase and sale of estates, and in the adjustment of compensation cases, as well as in transactions in annuities, life insurances, &c., will find the present edition of eminent service. " Engineering. " ' Inwood's Tables ' still maintain a most enviable reputation. The new issue has been enriched by large additional contributions by M. Fedor Theman, whose carefully arranged Tables cannot fail to be of the utmost utility." Mining Journal^ Agricultural and Tenant-Right Valuation. THE AGRICULTURAL AND TENANT-RIGHT-VALUER'S ASSISTANT. A Practical Handbook on Measuring and Estimating the Contents, Weights and Values of Agricultural Produce and Timber, the Values of Estates and Agricultural Labour, Forms of Tenant-Right-Valua- tions, Scales ol Compensation under the Agricultural Holdings Act, 1883, &c. &c. By TOM BRIGHT, Agricultural Surveyor. Crown 8yo, 35. 6d. cloth. "Full of tables and examples in connection with the valuation of tenant-right, estates, labour, contents, and weights of timber, and farm produce of all kinds." Agricultural Gazette. " An eminently practical handbook, full of practical tables and data of undoubted interest and value to surveyors and auctioneers in preparing valuations of all kinds." Farmer. Plantations and Underwoods. POLE PLANTATIONS AND UNDERWOODS: A Practical Handbook on Estimating the Cost of Forming, Renovating, Improving and Grubbing Plantations and Underwoods, their Valuation for Purposes of Transfer, Rental, Sale or Assessment. By TOM BRIGHT, F.S.Sc., Author of " The Agricultural and Tenant-Right-Valuer's Assistant," &c. Crown 8vo, 35. 6d. cloth. [Just published. " Will be found very useful to those who are actually engaged in managing wood." Bell's Weekly Messenger, ' To valuers, foresters and agents it will be a welcome aid." North British Agriculturist* "Well calculated to assist the valuer in the discharge of his duties, and of undoubted interest and use both to surveyors and auctioneers in preparing valuations of all kinds." Kent Herald. 40 CROSBY LOCK WOOD & SON'S CATALOGUE. A Complete Epitome of the Laivs of this Country. EVERY MAN'S OWN LAWYER: A Handy -Book of the Principles of Law and Equity. By A BARRISTER. Twenty-ninth Edition. Revised and Enlarged. Including the Legislation of 1891, and including careful digests of The Tithe Act, 1891 ; the Mortmain and Charitable Uses Act, 1891; the Charitable Trusts (Recovery) Act, 1891 ; the Forged Transfers Act, 1891; the Custody of Children Act, 1891; the Slander of Women Act, 1891; the Public Health (London) Act, 1891; the Stamp Act, 1891; the Savings Bank Act, 1891 ; the Elementary Education (" Free Education ") Act, 1891 ; the County Councils (Elections) Act, 1891 ; and the Land Registry (Middlesex Deeds) Act, 1891; while other new Acts have been duly noted. Crown 8vo, 688 pp., price 6s. 8d. (saved at every consultation ! ), strongly bound in cloth. [Just published. V* THE BOOK WILL BE FOUND TO COMPRISE (AMONGST OTHER MATTER) THE RIGHTS AND WRONGS OF INDIVIDUALS LANDLORD AND TENANT VENDORS AND PURCHASERS PARTNERS AND AGENTS COMPANIES AND ASSOCIATIONS MASTERS, SERVANTS AND WORKMEN LEASES AND MORTGAGES CHURCH AND CLERGY, RITUAL LIBEL AND SLANDER CONTRACTS AND AGREEMENTS BONDS AND BILLS OF SALE- CHEQUES, BILLS AND NOTES -RAILWAY AND SHIPPING LAW BANKRUPTCY AND IN- SURANCEBORROWERS, LENDERS AND SURETIES CRIMINAL LAW PARLIAMENTARY ELECTIONS- COUNTY COUNCILS MUNICIPAL CORPORATIONS PARISH LAW, CHURCH- WARDENS, ETC. PUBLIC HEALTH AND NUISANCES FRIENDLY AND ^BUILDING SOCIETIES COPYRIGHT AND PATENTS TRADE MARKS AND DESIGNS HUSBAND AND WIFE, DIVORCE, ETC. TRUSTEES AND EXECUTORS INTESTACY, LAW OF GUARDIAN AND WARD, INFANTS, ETC. GAME LAWS AND SPORTING HORSES, HORSE-DEALING AND DOGS INNKEEPERS, LICENSING, ETC. FORMS OF WILLS, AGREEMENTS, ETC. ETC. NOTE. The object of this work is to enable those who consult it to help them- selves to the law; and thereby to dispense, as far as possible, with professional assistance and advice. There are many wrongs and grievances which persons sub- mit to from time to time through not knowing how or where to apply for redress ; and many persons have as great a dread of a lawyer's office as of a /ton's den. With this book at hand it is believed that many a SIX-AND-EIGHTPENCE may be saved ; many a wrong redressed ; many a right reclaimed ; many a law suit avoided ; and many an evil abated. The work has established itself as the standard legal adviser of all classes, and also made a reputation for itself as a useful book of reference for lawyers residing at a distance from law libraries, who are glad to have at hand a work em- bodying recent decisions and enactments. %* OPINIONS OF THE PRESS. " It is a complete code of English Law, written in plain language, which all can understand. . . Should be in the hands of every business man, and all who wish to abolish lawyers' bills.'' Weekly Times. " A useful and concise epitome of the law, compiled with considerable care." La-w Magazine. "A complete digest of the most useful facts which constitute English law." Globe. " Admirably done, admirably arranged, and admirably cheap." Leeds Mercury. " A concise, cheap and complete epitome of the English law So plainly written that he who runs may read, and he who reads may understand." Figaro. " A dictionary of legal facts well put together. The book is a very useful one. "Spectator. "The latest edition of this popular book ought to be in every business establishment, and on every library table. " Slieffield Post. Private Bill Legislation and Provisional Orders. HANDBOOK FOR THE USE OF SOLICITORS AND EN- GINEERS Engaged in Promoting Private Acts of Parliament and Provi- sional Orders, for the Authorization of Railways, Tramways, Works for the Supply of Gas and Water, and other undertakings of a like character. By L. LIVINGSTON MACASSEY, of the Middle Temple, Barrister-at-Law, M.Inst.C.E. ; Author of " Hints on Water Supply." 8vo, 950 pp., 255. cloth. " The volume is a desideratum on a subject which can be only acquired by practical experi- ence, and the order of procedure in Private Bill Legislation and Provisional Orders is followed. The author's suggestions and notes will be found of great value to engineers and others profession- ally engaged in this class of practice." Building Ne-ws. " The author's double experience as an engineer and barrister has eminently qualified him for the task, and enabled him to approach the subject alike from an engineering and legal point of view. The volume will be found a great help both to engineers and lawyers engaged in promoting Private Acts ct Parliament and Provisional Orders." Local Government Chronicle. OGDEN, SMALE AND CO, LIMITED, PRINTERS, GREAT SAFFRON HILL, E.G. T?T?mWT tin? AT T7JC E K UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LIBRARY, BERKELEY THIS BOOK IS DUE OUST THE LAST DATE STAMPED BELOW Boobs not returned on time are subject to a fine of 50c per volume after the third day overdue, increasing to $1.00 per volume after the sixth day. Books not in demand may be renewed if application is made before expiration of loan period. DEC uov 1H9581' 11 REC'D LID JU112-S5-S M # r- is i Sc i I ^. ,i? 20m-ll,'20 " r-,^ N * ^ ^Q? * -.,) -L!.^I^/-..J l/_V A SELECTION FROM WEAL YA 02234 Elements of, and with Additions by J. 7 A L : Instructions I STEAM AND MACHINERY & , Guide to the Arrangement and Ecor Machinery, with Hints on Construction Powis BALE, M.Inst.M.E., &c. 2s. 6d. ; j PRACTICAL MECHANISM, the ! Macbine Tools. By T. BAKER, C.E. ; NASMYTH, C.E. 2s. 6d. ; t clot' THE BRASS for Modelling, Pattern-'Making, Mounting, Alloying, Turnin, Burnishing, Bronzing, &c. By W. GRAHAM. 2s. ; cl. bds., 2s. d MODERN WORKSHOP PRACTICE as applied to Marine, Land, and Locomotive Engines, Floating Docks, Dredg- ing Machines, Bridges, Shipbuilding, Cranes, &c. By J. G. WINTON. 3s. 6d.; cloth boards, 4s. IRON AND HEAT, exhibiting the Principles in the Construction of Iron Beams, Pillars, and G ; ARMOUR, C.E. Numerous Illustrations. 2s. 6d.^/ POWER IN MOTION: Horse-power^^ Wheel Gearing, Long and Short Driving P By J. ARMOUR, C. E. With 73 Diagrams THE APPLICATION OF II& STRUCTION OF BRIDGES, Gl\/ OTHER WORKS. By FRANCIS CAMPJ- THE WORKMAN'S MANUAI^ DRAWING. By JOHN MAXTT . . 5 , : '' ; ; . ^ Drawing, Royal Naval College f $ THE METALLURGY C of Assay, Processes of M H. BAUERMAN, F r - Numerous Illu^ CO A L AND- IXGTON V cernea ' By J. rds, 3s. )thod- ?orces. , 2s. 6d. AND ds., 3s. leering ids., 4s. 3thods c. By ilarged. Mills' ana. to gfive monon ro Engines. By J. GLYXN, F.R.S., &c. Jfj Sir WAR- inspector of the xfnwali. Seventh ,ioth boards, 4s. plied to drive Flour "Uf bines and other Hydrostatic 2s. ; cloth boards, 2s. 6d. THE SMITHY AND FORGE, including the Farrier's Art and Coach Smithing. By W. J. E. CRANE. Second Edition, r - revised. Illustrated. 2s. 6d. ; cloth boards, 3s. J THE SHEET-METAL WORKERS GUIDE: for Tinsmiths, Coppersmiths, Zincworkers, &c. By W. J. E. CRANE. JJJ With 94 Diagrams and Working Patterns. Is. 6d. IRON BRIDGES OF MODERATE SPAN: Their o> Construction and Erection. By HAMILTON W. PSNDESB. late ^ Inspector of Ironwork to the Salford Corporation. 2s. ^ C&OSBY LOCKWOOD & SON, 7, SIATIOKEE3' HALL COURT, B.CL ^