THE LIBRARY 
 
 OF 
 
 THE UNIVERSITY 
 OF CALIFORNIA 
 
 LOS ANGELES 
 
 Ex Libris 
 
 Katharine F. Richmond 
 
 and 
 Heniy C. Fall
 
 ^ 
 
 V 
 
 THE STATUE 
 
 S. ERECTED 
 
 BY THE STATE OF NEW HAMPSHIRE 
 
 -T IN HONOR OF 
 
 5 GENERAL JOHN STARK 
 
 N 
 ^ 
 
 A SKETCH OF ITS INCEPTION, ERECTION 
 AND DEDICATION 
 
 PUBLISHED UNDER THE AUTHORITY OF THE GOVERNOR AND COUNCIL 
 
 MANCHESTER 
 
 JOHN B. CLARKE, PUBLIC PRINTER 
 1890
 
 SKETCH OF ITS INCEPTION. 
 
 The artistic development of a people rarely keeps pace with 
 its material progress. The mad rush for financial and commer- 
 cial aggrandizement that so often follows the solution of the 
 problems of self-government leaves no time for the cultivation 
 of the aesthetic side of human nature, and the outward evi- 
 dences of a new nation's growth are, in the main, crude and in- 
 artistic. Architecture is the handmaid of commerce, and the 
 fine arts are relegated to positions humiliating in the extreme. 
 
 True artistic growth, like true mental development, can come 
 only with age. Culture is the offspring of time, and, isolated 
 examples to the contrary notwithstanding, cannot flourish under 
 the noisy and bustling circumstances of the struggles of a new 
 community for physical, geographical, and financial importance. 
 Hence it is not surprising that the first century of our national 
 existence should have developed no remarkable artistic tenden- 
 cies among us ; for it cannot be denied that the beautiful has 
 almost always been subordinated to the practical in all the en- 
 deavors to present to the world any monumental evidence of our 
 national importance. 
 
 Now, however, the evolution of history and the progress of 
 time have brought us to that point where the crystallizing tenden- 
 cies of an artistic impulse must seek public expression. The 
 canons of architecture are no longer thrust aside by the para- 
 
 106671! 
 
 O
 
 4 THE STATUE OF GENERAL JOHN STARK. 
 
 mount claims of commercial law, and the practical and the beau- 
 tiful have been found compatible elements in the construction of 
 public works. 
 
 Nor is this expression of public taste confined wholly to 
 architectural circles. The celebration of our national centen- 
 nial and the recurrence of similar local anniversaries have served 
 to concentrate the mind of the community upon the central 
 figures of our early history, and the feeling of common grati- 
 tude must seek expression in public praise. Hence we find, on 
 every hand, almost numberless monuments and public works 
 that are at once patriotic in their tone, elevating in their tenden- 
 cies, and artistic in their conception. 
 
 And who may say that each of these works does not convey 
 its own lesson ? Why may not our youth, by beholding the in- 
 spiring works of an inspired artist, receive a lesson of greater 
 patriotic import than any that may be inculcated in the schools ? 
 The Greeks, by constantly keeping before their eyes the purest 
 models of a merely physical existence, were enabled to produce 
 a race whose equal has never yet been seen and whose influence 
 even now permeates and colors our whole national existence in 
 its philosophical, literary, and economic development. 
 
 The admiration of force is so common a characteristic, and 
 the feeling of personal attachment to such force is so natural a 
 result, that the birth of a community with all the endowments of 
 freedom and self-government may be likened to a chemical pro- 
 cess, as crystallizing around a common center. Hence a strong, 
 commanding figure in any stage of a nation's development will 
 make itself a permanent factor in all periods of that commu- 
 nity's progress. 
 
 The nature of the early history of this country was such as to 
 bring into prominence men of character and vigor, and served
 
 SKETCH OF ITS INCEPTION. 5 
 
 also to develop those qualities where they were latent. The 
 dangers and crises of our colonial history demanded men of 
 force, and they were not lacking in any exigency of the occasion. 
 
 Such a man pre-eminently was General John Stark. A vig- 
 orous line of Scotch-Irish ancestry had suffused him with a 
 patriotic fervor of mind and an overweening vigor of body in a 
 combination well nigh irresistible in its power. The appeal of 
 his country fell upon his ear already strained to catch the first 
 murmur of an oppressed and outraged people. His inflammable 
 nature thrust him at once into the very thick of the conflict, and 
 his remarkable achievements were the marvel of his compeers 
 and the admiration of his soldiery. In another place his ser- 
 vices to his country are dilated upon and only the merest refer- 
 ence to his military career is necessary at this point. The de- 
 cline of his life was peaceful and uneventful, and death claimed 
 him only after he had lived to see himself the last surviving 
 member of that brilliant coterie of military leaders who had 
 fought for freedom in the land they loved. 
 
 Who does not honor such a man ? The only wonder is that 
 gratitude has been so tardy in its recognition of his worth. The 
 tendencies of the age demanded it, and the conscience of a 
 grateful citizenship urged it, yet it was not until June 16, 1889, 
 that public mention was made of the unpaid debt of New 
 Hampshire to her hero's memory. On that date Professor Tay- 
 lor, of the Andover Theological Seminary, in the progress of a 
 sermon at the South Church, Concord, said : " I am not well 
 enough informed of your affairs to know whether your State has 
 erected a statue to" General Stark, but it ought to if it has not, 
 for Stark at Bunker Hill with his men from New Hampshire 
 behind a rail fence saved Prescott's detachment from annihila- 
 tion." The following day the New Hampshire Society of the
 
 6 THE STATUE OF GENERAL JOHN STARK. 
 
 Sons of the Revolution was formed, and its president, Hon. 
 Charles R. Morrison, of Concord, at once acted upon the sug- 
 gestion made by Dr. Taylor, and the society appointed the follow- 
 ing committee to induce favorable action of the Legislature for 
 the erection of a statue to Genera] Stark : Charles R. Morri- 
 son, of Concord ; Joshua G. Hall, of Dover ; James A. Edgerly, of 
 Great Falls ; William W. Bailey, of Nashua ; George C. Gilmore, 
 of Manchester ; John M. Hill, of Concord ; Thomas Cogswell, 
 of Gilmanton ; and Henry O. Kent, of Lancaster. 
 
 A memorial on the subject was prepared and presented to 
 the Legislature and was referred by the House of Representa- 
 tives to a special committee. After a hearing had been held, 
 the committee reported offering a resolution providing for the 
 erection of a statue.* This resolution passed the House of 
 Representatives August 13, 1889, and was immediately sent to 
 the Senate, where, under a suspension of the rules, it was passed 
 the following day, August 14, 1889. On the same day it re- 
 ceived the executive signature. 
 
 A beginning had now been definitely made and the Gov- 
 ernor and Council took full charge of the proceedings. The 
 following extracts from the records of that body will be suffi- 
 cient to show the successive steps taken in the progress of the 
 work : 
 
 OCTOBER 4, 1889. 
 
 Councilors Edward C. Shirley and Frank C. Churchill were appointed a 
 committee to confer with sculptors in relation to the proposed monument to 
 General John Stark. 
 
 [This committee was placed in full charge of the execution 
 of the provisions of the legislative resolution and was organized 
 with Councilor Shirley as chairman and Councilor Churchill as 
 secretary.] 
 
 * See Appendix A .
 
 SKETCH OF ITS INCEPTION. 7 
 
 NOVEMBER 7, 1889. 
 
 Voted, That the committee on Stark monument be instructed to procure 
 models for the same as soon as practicable and report cost of monument 
 complete above stone foundation. 
 
 JANUARY 17, 1890. 
 
 The special committee on the Stark monument reported that they had 
 received models from the following sculptors, viz. : H. H. Kitson, Boston ; 
 Carl Conrads, Hartford; John Rogers, New York; George E. Bissell, 
 
 Poughkeepsie, N. Y. ; J. I. Langley, Manchester; Taft, Chicago; 
 
 J. G. C. Hamilton, Cleveland; C. H. Nichaus, New York (two models); 
 Alexander Doyle, New York. 
 
 The committee further reported that they had employed Mr. R. Austin 
 Robertson, of the American Art Association of New York city, to assist 
 them in selecting a model, and they recommended the passage of the follow 
 ing resolution : 
 
 Resolved, That the Conrads model, presented by the New England 
 Granite Works, be accepted, said company agreeing to set up the statue 
 complete for the sum of $8,000, and that the attorney-general be requested 
 to prepare a contract with said company, which shall require a statue accord- 
 ing to the model presented by them to be erected in the State House yard, 
 ready to be unveiled on or before the first day of October next. 
 
 APRIL 10, 1890. 
 
 Voted, That the committee on Stark monument be authorized to sign 
 the contract for making and setting up the monument. 
 
 JULY i, 1890. 
 
 The Governor nominated Hon. James W. Patterson, of Hanover, to be 
 the orator on the occasion of the unveiling of the statue of Gen. John Stark, 
 and the Council unanimously concurred therein. 
 
 Voted, To invite the Amoskeag Veterans of Manchester, the officers of 
 the Grand Army of the Republic, Department of New Hampshire, the New 
 Hampshire Sons of the Revolution, and the New Hampshire Historical 
 Society to be present and participate in the ceremonies of unveiling the Stark 
 statue. 
 
 JULY 31, 1890. 
 
 Voted, That the following named persons, Mrs. Mary JaneTenney, Lon-
 
 8 THE STATUE OF GENERAL JOHN STARK. 
 
 donderry, N. H., Mrs. Sarah Pinkerton Graves, Ipswich, Mass., and Mrs. 
 Charlotte Stark Campbell, North Reading, Mass., grand-daughters of Gen. 
 John Stark, and all other known descendants be invited to be present as 
 guests of the State on the occasion of the unveiling of the Stark monument ; 
 that John G. Whittier be invited to write a poem for that occasion, and that 
 Professor Churchill, of Andover, Mass., be invited to read it; that Allen 
 Eastman Cross, of Manchester, also be invited to deliver a poem on that 
 occasion. 
 
 AUGUST 27, 1890. 
 
 Voted, That the date for the unveiling of the Stark statue, and all the 
 necessary arrangements in connection with the same, be left to the statue 
 committee, Councilors Shirley and Churchill, with full power. 
 
 OCTOBER 9, 1890. 
 
 Voted, That the services of the unveiling of the Stark statue take place 
 at ii A. M., on Thursday, the 23d of October. 
 
 This concludes the legislative history of the statue. The 
 committee, in making the final arrangements for the ceremonies 
 of dedication, selected Miss Florence S. Shirley, of Goffstown, 
 to unveil the statue. Mr. Whittier was compelled to decline the 
 invitation extended to him, and that feature was eliminated from 
 the program. Hon. Moody Currier, LL. D., of Manchester, 
 was chosen president of the day ; Hon. Harry Bingham, LL. 
 D., of Littleton, and Oliver E. Branch, Esq., of Weare, were 
 selected as vice-presidents ; and Hon. E. B. S. Sanborn, of 
 Franklin, and Mr. P. B. Cogswell, of Concord, as secre- 
 taries. Col. Charles C. Danforth, of Concord, was chosen 
 marshal, and his assistants were designated as follows : Andrew 
 Bunton, of Manchester ; Col. W. H. D. Cochrane, of Nashua ; 
 Chauncey H. Greene, of Littleton ; and Cornelius E. Clifford. 
 Esq., of Concord. 
 
 The statue was dedicated Thursday, October 23, and a full 
 account of the proceedings is given in another part of this work.
 
 THE STATUE.
 
 THE STATUE. 
 
 The figure is of bronze, eight feet in height, and was cast 
 from a design made by Carl Conrads, the artist of the New 
 England Granite Works, of Hartford, Conn., to whom the com- 
 plete contract for both statue and pedestal was awarded. 
 
 The casting was done by the Ames Manufacturing Com- 
 pany, of Chicopee, Mass., and was completed October i, 1890. 
 The statue surmounts a pedestal made from a design furnished 
 by Architect John A. Fox, of Boston. It is made from selected 
 Concord granite, and is cut in four pieces. The bottom base is 
 eight feet square by one foot six inches rise from the ground 
 line. The second base is six feet square by two feet eleven 
 inches rise from the ground, and is finely molded. Next is the 
 die, four feet square by two feet nine inches rise. On the front 
 of this, in six-inch raised and polished letters, is cut the name 
 
 GEN. STARK. 
 
 The other three sides of the die are ornamented by finely 
 executed bronze tablets sunk three fourths of an inch into the 
 granite. One of the tablets is inscribed 
 
 BUNKER HILL, 
 and the opposite one 
 
 BENNINGTON,
 
 12 THE STATUE OF GENERAL JOHN STARK. 
 
 while on the other side is the following inscription : 
 MAJ. GEN. JOHN STARK. 
 
 BORN 
 IN LONDONDERRY, N. H.J AUGUST 28, 1/28. 
 
 DIED 
 IN MANCHESTER, N. H., MAY 8, 1 822. 
 
 ERECTED BY 
 
 THE STATE OF NEW HAMPSHIRE. 
 A. D. 1890. 
 
 Both the lettering and the tablets are notably fine pieces of 
 work. The die is surmounted by a capstone four feet one inch 
 square, and having two feet three inches rise. This stone is 
 elaborately mounted by a projecting mold and fillets. Upon 
 this stone rests the statue. 
 
 The entire height of the pedestal is nine feet five inches 
 and the statue is eight feet high. The entire weight of the 
 statue and pedestal is about twenty-five tons.
 
 THE DEDICATION.
 
 THE DEDICATION. 
 
 The dedication of the statue occurred Thursday, October 
 23, 1890, in the presence of a large concourse of people. Early 
 in the day the streets presented an animated appearance from 
 the throngs of people who had come into the city for the occa- 
 sion. A stand for the accommodation of the officers of the day 
 and the invited guests had been erected immediately in the rear 
 of the statue, which was itself draped with the national colors. 
 
 At 1 1 o'clock the Amoskeag Veterans arrived from Man- 
 chester and, led by the First Regiment Band, marched to the New 
 Eagle Hotel. Here the officials and invited guests assembled, 
 and while the band played " Hail to the Chief " the procession 
 was formed, marching from the hotel some distance down Main 
 street. By this time the State House yard was thronged with 
 people, there being probably about 3,000 present. 
 
 At 1 1. 30 o'clock the procession started, filing through the 
 front entrance of the State House yard and marching directly to 
 the platform. The procession was made up as follows : 
 
 Col. C. C. Danforth, Concord, Marshal ; and Aids, Andrew 
 Bunton, Manchester, Col. W. H. D. Cochrane, Nashua, 
 Chauncey H. Greene, Littleton, Cornelius E. Clif- 
 ford, Concord. 
 First Regiment Band, Manchester, F. D. Record, Leader.
 
 1 6 THE STATUE OF GENERAL JOHN STARK. 
 
 Amoskeag Veterans, Manchester, Major Charles H. Bartlett, 
 
 commanding. 
 
 Governor Goodell and Staff. 
 
 Executive Council. 
 Ex-Governors and State Officials. 
 
 Congressional Delegation. 
 
 Justices of the Supreme Court. 
 
 Hon. Moody Currier, President of the Day. 
 
 First Vice-President and Poet. 
 Second Vice-President and Chaplain. 
 
 Secretaries. 
 
 Descendants of General Stark. 
 Invited Guests. 
 
 Society of the Sons of the Revolution, Hon. Charles R. Morri- 
 son, President. 
 
 New Hampshire Historical Society, Hon. Samuel C. Eastman, 
 
 President. 
 
 Concord City Government. 
 
 Immediately upon arriving at the stand the band rendered a 
 selection, after which the marshal of the day commanded silence, 
 and prayer was offered by Rev. John Mason Dutton, of Great 
 Falls. 
 
 PRAYER. 
 
 Unto thee, our Father who art in Heaven, we come this day. In thee 
 we live. In thy mercy we rejoice. In thy strength we triumph. Thou re- 
 vealest thyself in man, in institutions ministering to human need, in prog-
 
 THE DEDICATION. I/ 
 
 ress by growth, conversion, and conflict. We see thee in nature, in nations, 
 and in man. We thank thee for the lessons and inspirations of this day. 
 We remember that no man liveth to himself alone and no man dieth to him- 
 self alone. In this day let us realize that we are inheritors of past ages. 
 We thank thee for that heritage of worthy names, manly spirit, and sublime 
 courage. The dead speak to us, and their works do praise them. The hero- 
 ism and self-sacrifice of others have secured to us unnumbered blessings. In 
 thy providence, we are the reapers of a blessed harvest for which others 
 sowed the seed. 
 
 We give thanks for that current of power and knowledge and pur- 
 pose seen in the realizations of the present. Teach us the measure of our in- 
 debtedness and of our responsibility towards all who may share in the re- 
 wards of our living. Let thy mercy shine forth as the light in love to man. 
 Let the power of Him who spoke and it was done, be girded about this com- 
 monwealth, in all her institutions of learning, mercy, and religion. Speak 
 into the living present heroic purpose, loyalty to truth, and love to God. We 
 seek to become that people whose God is the Lord, that righteousness may 
 abide among us, that His law may be our law, that human purpose, begotten 
 of truth, may be discharged in a loyalty as heroic as that of those whose 
 debtors we are. We give thanks for the increasing power of that spirit that 
 binds together successive ages, making us citizens of all nations, sharers in 
 all trial, and victors in all triumph. 
 
 May the blessings of God rest upon us, as we recall the life and deeds of 
 one whose name is crowned with the honor given to those we love, whose 
 heroism caused a light to shine in the darkness, and gave direction to forces 
 that are living in us. We thank thee for the strength of manhood and 
 womanhood that has crowned the years. May the blessings of freedom re- 
 main among us to the latest generations, and we gather up, in years to come, 
 the rewards of heroic service and self-sacrifice. Let blessings rest upon us 
 in all the rites of this day, to perpetuate the memory of him whose life aided 
 in making possible the freedom and independence and power wherein we are 
 blessed. We worship, praise, and pray in the name of the Father, Son, and 
 Holy Ghost, now and evermore. AMEN. 
 
 Following the prayer, His Excellency the Governor arose 
 and introduced the officers of the day with these words :
 
 1 8 THE STATUE OF GENERAL JOHN STARK. 
 
 GOVERNOR GOODELL'S REMARKS. 
 
 Fellow- Ctt iz ens : The Legislature of 1889 enacted a law requiring the 
 Governor and Council to erect a statue of Gen. John Stark in the State House 
 yard. The work is done, and we are now ready to proceed to the ceremony 
 of dedication. The following gentlemen have been selected as officers of 
 the day: President, Hon. Moody Currier, LL. D. ; vice-presidents, Hon. 
 Harry Bingham, Oliver E. Branch, Esq. ; secretaries, Parsons B. Cogswell, 
 E. B. S. Sanborn ; marshal, C. C. Danforth ; aids, Andrew Bunton, Col. 
 W. H. D. Cochrane, Chauncey H. Greene, Cornelius E. Clifford. 1 now 
 present to you ex-Governor Currier, president of the day. 
 
 PRESIDENT CURRIER'S ADDRESS. 
 
 Your Excellency and Fellow-Citizens : The earliest records of the 
 human race are written in stone. The first traces of civilization are gathered 
 from the tablets and tombstones found in the mounds and drifting sands of 
 Egyptian and Assyrian deserts. Antiquity has intrusted to marble and 
 bronze the keeping of the sacred forms and features of its gods and men. 
 Thus the great events of the world, enshrined in imperishable forms by the 
 skill of the painter and sculptor, become the permanent foundations of his- 
 tory, and the civilized nations of the earth have ever considered it a sacred 
 duty to erect statues and memorial monuments in honor of their heroes and 
 benefactors, and to inscribe upon brass and upon stone the names and noble 
 deeds of the men who have given their lives and fortunes to humanity. 
 Those who have battled for liberty and human rights are justly entitled to the 
 everlasting gratitude of mankind. The divine instincts in man alone are im- 
 mortal. Philanthropy, patriotism, and justice can never die ; but the living 
 countenance and distinguishing features of the great and the good may 
 perish and be forgotten. The men of the Revolution have departed from our 
 sight ; their venerable forms no longer walk among us ; but the memory of 
 their heroic lives and public virtues still lingers in the minds of this genera- 
 tion. We owe it to ourselves, to those who shall live after us, and to 
 the lovers of liberty throughout the world, to perpetuate the renown and val- 
 iant deeds of the heroes of the American Revolution. Monuments of 
 bronze and of granite should lift their proud heads towards heaven in honor 
 of their heroism and their victories, and their effigies should stand in our streets
 
 THE DEDICATION. 19 
 
 and in our public grounds, where, like the trophies of Miltiades, they will be 
 a perpetual inspiration to the young men of our own and of all succeeding 
 'generations. 
 
 Near the falls at Amoskeag, on the eastern banks of the Merrimack, 
 was the home of Molly Stark. There her distinguished husband swung the 
 scythe and turned the furrow ; there he sowed in spring and reaped in 
 autumn. In peace he retired to his rest at night, and in peace he arose to 
 his labors in the morning. But when the sound of battle rolled up the valley 
 from the plains of Concord and Lexington, the oxen were unyoked in the field 
 and the plow stood still in its course ; and when the war-whoop of the sav- 
 age or the roar of the British cannon was heard in the land, Molly Stark was 
 left alone to till the fields and gather the harvest for winter. Within those 
 historic grounds, upon a slight elevation, stands a slender shaft of granite, 
 seldom seen by the stranger as he hurries by upon the iron rail. Beneath 
 that humble stone lies the sacred dust of John Stark, the hero of Bunker 
 Hill and of Bennington. Monuments have been erected to commemorate these 
 great battles upon the fields where they were fought. The glory and renown 
 of American arms have been engraved in letters of gold upon these imperish- 
 able foundations. But the ashes of the great commander whose heroic valor 
 achieved for us these most important victories now lie beneath that ob- 
 scure shaft on the banks of the Merrimack ; but the fame of John Stark does 
 not grow dim with years. His brilliant achievements at Bunker Hill, Trenton, 
 Princeton, and Bennington are recorded upon the pages of our country's his- 
 tory, and his name shines among the brightest stars in that glorious galaxy of 
 immortal men whose heroism and statesmanship gave to our country inde- 
 pendence and liberty. 
 
 His renown as a warrior passed beyond the sea. His daring and suc- 
 cessful exploits in, the battle of Bennington filled our enemies abroad with 
 fear and apprehension, while the victory he won inspired our desponding 
 armies with fresh hopes and great expectations. It was a source of much 
 satisfaction and rejoicing to Washington, and proved to be the turning point 
 of the Revolution. 
 
 The people of New Hampshire have not forgotten the hero of that great 
 battle ; he still lives in their memories ; he is still dear to their hearts. Here 
 in these consecrated grounds, by the side of our great statesman, Daniel 
 Webster, upon a foundation of granite they have placed an image of bronze 
 representing the material form and outward features of our great soldier.
 
 2O THE STATUE OF GENERAL JOHN STARK. 
 
 Though its iron tongue may be dumb and its limbs motionless, its silent 
 voice will ever say that the people of New Hampshire honor and revere the 
 name of John Stark. And, fellow-citizens, may we not hope the day will yet 
 come when many more historic forms of heroes, patriots, and statesmen shall 
 gather beneath the shadows of this capitol, until these venerable groves shall 
 become the sacred Pantheon of New Hampshire's most illustrious sons ? 
 From these silent memorials of human greatness our legislators may learn 
 wisdom, and our people be inspired with a love of liberty, justice, and. 
 humanity. 
 
 At this point Miss Shirley, to whom had been delegated the 
 duty of unveiling the statue, performed her office in a very 
 graceful and pleasing manner. As the folds of bunting fell 
 aside, revealing the sturdy, yet artistic, outlines of the bronze, 
 the cheers of the audience were mingled with the music of the 
 band. 
 
 Hon. James Willis Patterson, the orator of the day, was then 
 introduced and delivered the oration as follows : 
 
 ORATION BY HON. JAMES W. PATTERSON, LL. D. 
 
 Here, to-day, in the presence of this vast concourse of her people, theState 
 discharges with appropriate military and civic honors a tardy but grateful 
 duty to her earliest and greatest soldier. In dedicating to Gen. John Stark, 
 here within the shadow of the capitol of his native State, this splendid statue, 
 in which art has blended with an easy grace the natural dignity and slum- 
 bering force of the great original, we pay but a just tribute to the memory of 
 one second only to George Washington among the great commanders of our 
 Revolutionary period. No duty more sacred or responsible devolves upon 
 the living than to perpetuate by appropriate symbols the noble deeds of a 
 great life. We shall soon join the forgotten dead, but this silent form will 
 tell to other generations, when our history shall have become dim in the 
 lapse of time, the thrilling story of an imperishable name. 
 
 The Scotch-Irish contingent of the emigrants who settled in this country 
 early in the eighteenth century were a people of extraordinary physical and 
 intellectual vigor. Their long struggles for more than two centuries with
 
 THE DEDICATION. 21 
 
 religious bigotry and political oppression imparted to them an alertness and 
 force of character which, transmitted to successive generations of their de- 
 scendants, furnished both to England and America from this people more 
 than their relative number of eminent patriots, statesmen, and men of 
 letters. 
 
 The Starks were of this lineage. Archibald, the father of General Stark, 
 was a native of Glasgow, and was educated at its ancient university. Early 
 in life, however, he removed to Londonderry, in Ireland, where he married 
 and became closely identified with the heroic people of that famous old city. 
 They were of the same race and creed with himself, and he partook of their 
 trials and aspirations for better conditions. The men who had fought in the 
 siege of Derry could not submit to oppression from any government or 
 church, and in the spirit of heroic adventure accepted the hardships of the 
 sea and the cruelties of the wilderness in the hope of larger liberty and a 
 more generous expansion for their children. 
 
 In 1720 the elder Stark and his family embarked with a company of 
 Scotch-Presbyterians purposing to join their brethren who, the year before, 
 had located at a place in this State named Londonderry in kindly remem- 
 brance of the home they had regretfully abandoned. The small-pox broke 
 out upon the crowded vessel and added its horrors to the other discomforts 
 of the emigrants. All the children of Archibald Stark died, and the stricken 
 voyagers were forced into quarantine for a year upon the then desolate 
 coast of Maine before reaching their destination in New Hampshire. Here 
 the Scotch exile from two homes reared a family of sons and daughters, 
 and, though fitted by education for civil life, volunteered for the defence 
 of the frontiers against the cruelties of savage warfare. The blood of 
 heroes was in his veins and he could not resist the military instinct, which 
 he transmitted to his four sons, all of whom at length held commissions in 
 the service of the king. William, the oldest of the sons, a brave and accom- 
 plished officer who had fought at Louisburg and Quebec with signal distinc- 
 tion, hearing the guns of Bunker Hill in his home at Dunbarton, hastened 
 to Cambridge and offered his services to his country, but he was rejected 
 for the promotion of inferior men. Maddened by what he deemed an insult 
 and a wrong, in a moment of folly he accepted a colonel's commission in the 
 royal army, and was killed by a fall from his horse in 1776. 
 
 John Stark, the second son, whose great services and extraordinary life 
 we have met to recall and honor, was born in Londonderry in 1728. When but 
 eight years of age his father moved to Harrytown, a strip of unincorporated
 
 22 THE STATUE OF GENERAL JOHN STARK. 
 
 land upon the banks of the Merrimack, which, with portions of Chester and 
 Londonderry, composed the town of Derryfield under the charter of 1751. 
 By an act of the Legislature the name was changed to Manchester in 1810. 
 
 There, listening to the ceaseless roar of the falls of Amoskeag and hunt- 
 ing wild game with the Indians upon the frontier, the boy toughened into 
 manhood by the incessant labors of the farm and the forest and became 
 quick of apprehension, fearless in danger, decisive in action, and tireless in 
 endurance. The father, preoccupied by work and military service, could 
 give no systematic instruction to his children, and they grew up with only 
 the rudiments of education snatched from intervals of toil. 
 
 In the boyhood of General Stark, the now wealthy and populous city of 
 Manchester was upon the extreme northern frontier, and the hardy yeo- 
 manry who guarded this outpost of civilization were dependent largely 
 upon their skill as hunters for financial income. In 1752 John and William 
 Stark, with two companions, in 'one of their annual excursions had pene- 
 trated the forest as far north as the present site of Rumney, and there, 
 upon a tributary of the Pemigewasset, were successfully engaged in secur- 
 ing pelts when they were surprised by ten hostile Indians from Canada. 
 John Stark and Amos Eastman were taken into captivity and David 
 Simpson was shot, but William Stark escaped through the cool intre- 
 pidity of his younger brother, who warned him to flee and knocked up 
 the guns of his brutal captors when in the act of shooting. On reaching St. 
 Francis, the prisoners, in accordance with a custom of the tribe, were forced 
 to run the gauntlet between a double row of young braves armed with rods. 
 Eastman suffered a severe beating, but when Stark's turn came he seized a 
 club from the first in the line and laid it about him with such force as to 
 drive his assailants from the field, greatly to the amusement of the old war- 
 riors who were sitting by as spectators. He was next put to hoeing corn, 
 but he cut up the corn and hoed the weeds and finally threw his hoe into the 
 river, declaring that this was the work of squaws. The strength and bravery 
 of the young athlete so pleased the men of the tribe that he was adopted by 
 the sachem and honored with the title of "young chief." He was treated with 
 great kindness while in captivity, and studied with care the customs and 
 character of the Indian, and especially his methods in war. The whole ad- 
 venture seems like a providential part of his preparation for future life. He 
 was finally ransomed for $103, which he paid with the fruits of a hunt upon 
 the Androscoggin the following season.
 
 THE DEDICATION. 23 
 
 His remarkable faculty of quick and accurate observation gave the 
 youthful captive on this enforced march through the lower and upper Coos a 
 knowledge of the northern portions of the colony which necessitated his ap- 
 pointment as guide to the military and other expeditions organized by the 
 provincial authorities after his return. The sleepless activity in eluding the 
 cunning or in repelling the attacks of a treacherous and relentless foe was a 
 ceaseless discipline of the faculties during the minority of our hero. By 
 such providential training this gifted son of the frontier, far removed from 
 military schools and the technique of war, was signally fitted at the age of 
 twenty-six for leadership in a campaign for which the science and experi- 
 ence of European battles gave but slight preparation. 
 
 The treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle established the status quo ante helium 
 between England and France, and the jurisdiction of each was nominally 
 restored to its limits before the war which closed in 1748, but the boundaries 
 between their possessions on this continent were left to be determined by 
 commissioners to be mutually chosen. The commissioners, when selected, 
 met in Paris, and after a heated conference adjourned without reaching a 
 decision. From that moment the struggle began between these ancient and 
 powerful enemies for the possession of the continent. The English claimed 
 the valleys of the Ohio and the Mississippi by the right of royal charters, 
 which extended their grants westward to the Pacific Ocean; the French, 
 by the plausible plea of prior exploration and settlement, and as the 
 natural union of their possessions in Canada and Louisiana. They would 
 limit British power to the narrow strip between the AHeghanies and the 
 sea, and stretch their own over the vast and fertile plains of the interior 
 with open sea-gates north and south. There was genius in the conception 
 and unlimited cunning and cruelty in the struggle for its realization. France 
 stretched a chain of sixty forts between Montreal and New Orleans ; built 
 strong ships upon the lakes ; established trading and missionary posts at in- 
 tervals through the interior ; made treaties of friendship with savage tribes 
 and incited them to a system of inhuman warfare along the defenceless bor- 
 ders. Fire, pillage, and murder marked their steps, and the expenses of the 
 war were defrayed by the ransom of innocent women and children, driven 
 into captivity by their brutal allies of the forest ; but savage subtlety and 
 French activity were baffled, and British supremacy established by English 
 statesmanship and provincial courage. 
 
 After the conflict had actually begun, but before the declaration of war, 
 a civil movement was inaugurated of great political significance. The British
 
 24 THE STATUE OF GENERAL JOHN STARK. 
 
 ministry, foreseeing that war was inevitable, advised the colonists to secure 
 the friendship of " the six nations " and to unite in a plan for general defence. 
 On the ipth of June, 1754, a convention of delegates from seven of the colo- 
 nies met in Albany, and on the fourth of July adopted a form of confedera- 
 tion, drawn by Dr. Franklin, which foreshadowed substantially our federal 
 constitution. The instrument was rejected by the colonial assemblies be- 
 cause it gave too much power to the crown, and by the royal board of trade 
 because it gave too much power to the colonies. 
 
 The ministry started a second proposition, which involved the right of 
 Parliament to tax the colonies, but it was soon abandoned as impracticable, 
 and royal troops were sent over to prosecute the war. The ministry conde- 
 scended to employ the provincial militia as rangers, guards, and laborers, 
 but thought them unfit for the more serious business of war ; but the govern- 
 ment had planted an idea of colonial union which would not " down at its 
 bidding," and it was soon to learn that subalterns who fought for their 
 homes and altars were superior in all soldierly qualities to the trained mer 
 cenaries of arbitrary power. 
 
 The philosophic student cannot fail to recognize through all these seven 
 years of gloom and suffering a divine purpose evolving the principles and 
 the instruments of another seven years of more glorious battle in which an 
 independent and free republic was to be born into the family of nations. 
 The first struggle emancipated the people from French license and Indian 
 savagery ; the second, from British arrogance and oppression. 
 
 In 1754 the endeavor of the Ohio company to erect a fort at the junction 
 of the Alleghany and Monongahela had led to actual hostility, and a force 
 raised by Governor Dimviddie, of Virginia, and, under the command of Major 
 Washington, had been obliged to capitulate after an obstinate fight at Fort 
 Necessity. In the beginning of the following year the war became interna- 
 tional. General Braddock, a distinguished Irish officer, was appointed com- 
 mander-in-chief of the British and colonial forces. An eastern expedition 
 against the peaceful inhabitants of Acadia was executed by Colonel Monck- 
 ton with a heartless refinement of cruelty that is a stain upon the record of 
 the war and a dishonor to the civilization of the age. Fortunately it is an 
 exception to the military history of the time. 
 
 Braddock's plan of the campaign of 1755 consisted of three independent 
 movements, one against Fort du Quesne, led by the commander-in-chief, 
 and whose fatal issue needs no recital, a second under Governor Shirley 
 against Niagara and Frontenac, which was as fruitless but less unfortunate
 
 THE DEDICATION. 25 
 
 than the first, and a third, led by General William Johnson, against 
 Crown Point. The New Hampshire forces, commanded by Colonel Blan- 
 chard, were assigned to this expedition. A corps of rangers, recruited by 
 the famous Robert Rogers, was attached to this command. These men 
 were rugged foresters, experienced in hardships and dangers, and, as marks- 
 men, their aim was deadly. Of this number John Stark, though yet a youth, 
 was a man of mark and commissioned as second lieutenant. The com- 
 mand was first to go to the Coos and erect a fort, but before reaching their 
 destination a second order directed them to join their regiment by way of 
 Number Four. They arrived at Fort Edward in season for the triple battle 
 with the enemy under Baron Dieskau. The third fight of the day, in which 
 the enemy was completely routed, was fought by New Hampshire troops 
 alone. At the close of the year the forces were disbanded and Colonel 
 Stark returned to his home. 
 
 But as reconciliation was now seen to be impossible, both belligerents 
 made a formal declaration of war in the spring of 1756. General Abercrom- 
 bie took command of the English forces as lieutenant of the incompetent 
 Lord Loudon, whom the king had appointed to the chief command, and the 
 Baron Dieskau was succeeded by the Marquis de Montcalm. The military 
 genius of Montcalm quickly brought success to the French arms, and the 
 year closed in gloom for British ascendency in America. But the unpre- 
 cedented character of the war made the New Hampshire rangers an indis- 
 pensable arm of the service, and at the request of Lord Loudon their 
 number was doubled. They were divided into three companies, one of 
 which was placed under the command of John Stark, at the time a 
 man of twenty-eight. These companies were in almost continual service 
 as scouts, ranging the country for information and fighting detached par- 
 ties of the enemy. Stark's knowledge of Indian character and habits 
 made him a power in this kind of warfare. The course of the English 
 commanders during this and the succeeding year might be characterized 
 as masterly inactivity. They made great plans but did little execution. 
 While the English commander was hazarding the loss of a continent by 
 indecision and procrastination, Montcalm had captured Oswego, taken 
 Fort WiHiam Henry, and threatened the conquest of the entire Northwest. 
 
 The only relief to the disgraceful failures of Loudon and Abercrombie 
 during the years of 1756 and 1757 was the splendid conduct of the New 
 Hampshire rangers in their numerous and hazardous encounters with the 
 enemy. In January, 1757, the rangers were dispatched on a perilous expe-
 
 26 THE STATUE OF GENERAL JOHN STARK. 
 
 dition down the lakes, marching on the ice and over the deep snow on snow 
 shoes. They arrived on the 21 st, after five days of wearisome travel, at a 
 place overlooking Champlain, between Crown Point and Ticonderoga, when 
 they discovered a sled passing on the lake from the one to the other. Stark, 
 with twenty men, was ordered to intercept the sled in front, Major Rogers 
 placed himself in the rear to cut off retreat, and Captain Spikeman remained 
 in the center. Major Rogers soon saw ten more sleds moving in the same 
 direction. As soon as the enemy saw Lieutenant Stark's company they fled 
 back, but the party under Rogers pursued and took seven prisoners, three 
 sleds, and six horses. The rest escaped to Ticonderoga. The rangers, 
 knowing that this meant pursuit by a superior force of French and Indians, 
 began a rapid retreat. Suddenly the van, under Major Rogers, were con- 
 fronted by double their own number of the enemy, arranged in a crescent, 
 with the intent of surrounding and capturing the entire party. At a distance 
 of only five yards, the rangers received a murderous discharge from two 
 hundred and fifty guns. Some were killed and others wounded, and among 
 the latter was Major Rogers. Our men immediately retreated to the rear, 
 where the youthful Stark on the instant had massed his men with the skill of a 
 veteran. The French and Indians rushed forward in a desperate charge. 
 Captain Spikeman was killed and Major Rogers disabled by a second wound, 
 but Stark, now in command, held his little band of decimated heroes firm as 
 an immovable rock. The enemy dashed against them in successive charges, 
 but in vain. He would not surrender or retreat, and threatened to shoot the 
 first man who fled. The lock of his gun was shattered by a shot. He leaped 
 forward and seized another from a dead Frenchman, and, stepping back to 
 his place, fought on with the courage and obstinacy of a tiger from two 
 o'clock till darkness closed the battle, and then retreated with his wounded 
 men through the night. In the morning, halting his command, with two 
 volunteers he marched forty miles on snow-shoes for re-enforcements and 
 sleighs, and, returning, led his forces in safety to Fort William Henry. Here 
 in the first battle under his direction Stark revealed those great qualities 
 that subsequently gave immortality to Bunker Hill and made the republic 
 possible at Bennington. In the following March Fort William Henry was 
 saved in a night attack by the sleepless vigilance of Captain Stark. 
 
 The English people, at length wearied with the imbecility of the New- 
 castle administration, placed William Pitt, the ablest statesman and the 
 most brilliant orator of his time, at the head of the government, and a more 
 vigorous spirit was breathed at once into the conduct of the war. General
 
 THE DEDICATION. 2/ 
 
 Amherst was given the chief command and General Wolfe was made his 
 lieutenant. 
 
 To crown his record of defeats Abercrombie, before his removal, made 
 an abortive attempt to take Fort Ticonderoga, in which the youthful Lord 
 Howe, the idol of the army, fell leading his men in the first perilous onset of 
 the battle, and Stark, with his fearless scouts, swept a guarded bridge with 
 a courage as dauntless as the charge which carried the bridge at Lodi, and 
 through the day led his men into the hottest of the conflict. 
 
 The gallant Howe, the second in command, though reared in the refine- 
 ments of the court, attracted by his noble qualities, became warmly attached 
 to the unschooled hero from the wilds of New Hampshire, and they spent the 
 evening together the night before the attack in familiar and intimate conver- 
 sation. Stark never ceased to speak in terms of tender remembrance of the 
 untimely death of his noble and gifted friend. But Louisburg, Cape Breton, 
 and St. John, one after the other, yielded to the superior generalship of 
 Amherst and Wolfe, and French jurisdiction was forced into its strongholds. 
 The next season the consummate leadership of both nations brought their 
 best forces into mortal combat on the plains of Abraham. English valor 
 triumphed, but the two greatest commanders of the war fell in the bloody 
 encounter. In 1760 the war closed. Amherst concentrated his forces at 
 Montreal, and Gallic power was swept from the North. On the reduction 
 of Canada General Stark, having when at home on furlough in 1758 married 
 Elizabeth, and not Molly, Page, gladly returned to the peaceful duties and 
 responsibilities of domestic life. The commander-in-chief wrote a personal 
 letter to Captain Stark on his resignation, assuring him of his protection and 
 promising that he should resume his rank whenever he chose to return to 
 the service. 
 
 On retiring from the army General Stark devoted himself to the custom- 
 ary and laborious duties of the farm and the mill, and without ostentation or 
 self-seeking discharged the homely duties of a private citizen. He was too 
 great to voice the m'agnitude of his achievements. He was content to have 
 done his duty, and could not mar the genuineness of his patriotism by clam- 
 oring for rewards and honors. His neighbors had been his companions in 
 arms and all had been brave men in the place of danger. But, like himself, 
 all had felt humiliated and maddened by the ignorance, arrogance, and un- 
 concealed contempt of the English mercenaries and their incompetent offi- 
 cers who strutted in purchased commissions. The neglect and insults which 
 the provincials suffered while fighting for the honor of the king rankled in 
 their memory and planted rebellion in their blood.
 
 28 THE STATUE OF GENERAL JOHN STARK. 
 
 This international war gave an empire to the crown but predestined it to 
 independence. The iron nucleus of the Revolutionary army was fashioned 
 and tempered in the heated furnace of these earlier battles. The idea of 
 separation and self-government was forced upon the colonists by the hard- 
 ships and insults they suffered from their insular masters. British selfish- 
 ness, as historic as Punic faith, was unendurable to their English blood. 
 
 With the return of peace, Parliament, in violation of constitutional 
 rights, attempted arbitrarily to tax the colonies, to dictate the kinds and extent 
 of their industries, to limit and control their commerce, to strangle their enter- 
 prise and reduce the people to serfs, who should simply feed England and 
 purchase her goods, and so glut the avarice of her manufacturers and mer- 
 chants. But I need not rehearse the familiar catalogue of wrongs which 
 preceded the long and glorious struggle in which the nation was born. Our 
 fathers had come forth unshamed from the test of manhood, fighting side by 
 side with the best troops of Europe, and would not submit to the surren- 
 der of birthrights to men whom they had ceased to fear if not to respect. 
 They were of the best stock of men which the race had produced ; they had 
 been ennobled by communion with the old prophets and by the constant 
 contemplation of the sublime truths of revelation, and their physical and 
 moral powers had been disciplined by Herculean trials and dangers. As a 
 people, they had become singularly familiar with the rights of men by reflec- 
 tion and by close study of the best political works of their day. Their 
 fathers, self-governed for five generations, had transmitted their spirit, and 
 hence vassalage was an impossible conception to the men of Revolutionary 
 times. They demanded a voice in the levying of taxes, and protested 
 against the limitation of colonial industries and the monopoly of American 
 commerce by English merchants. 
 
 Of these men John Stark was a prominent and typical representative. 
 At the close of the French and Indian war he retired from public life and de- 
 voted himself with his accustomed force and concentration to somewhat ex- 
 tended landed and lumbering interests. Living upon the northern frontier, 
 he came rarely into association with the men about Exeter and Portsmouth 
 who managed the public affairs of the colony ; but he was a delegate to the 
 county congress in January, 1775, and an active and vigilant member of the 
 committee of safety of his town, and watched with a patriot's eye the de- 
 velopment of events, waiting for the struggle which he saw was inevitable. 
 When swift messengers brought the tidings that the storm had burst at 
 Lexington, shutting down the gate of his mill and rushing to his home, he
 
 THE DEDICATION. 2Q 
 
 seized his gun, leaped upon his horse, and in ten minutes was on his way to 
 the scene of action, calling, as he rode, to his neighbors and former compan- 
 ions to follow him to Medford. In a few hours he and twelve hundred vol- 
 unteers from the hills of New Hampshire offered themselves for the defence 
 of their country. Others soon followed, and they were organized into two 
 regiments under the Provincial Congress of Massachusetts, " until New 
 Hampshire should act." 
 
 Capt. John Stark was unanimously elected colonel of one regiment of 
 fourteen companies, and Capt. James Reed of another. Less than a month 
 later, on the i7th of May, the New Hampshire convention met at Exeter, 
 and on the 2oth voted to raise a brigade of two thousand men organized in 
 three regiments. Capt. Nathaniel Folsom, a soldier of some experience and 
 success in the French and Indian war, was made colonel of one of the regi- 
 ments and brigadier-general of all the New Hampshire forces. Later the con- 
 vention also voted to adopt the two New Hampshire regiments then in the 
 field, and finally, after some misunderstanding, appointed Captain Reed and 
 Enoch Poor colonels of two of the regiments. But Colonel Stark, whose large 
 experience and great military achievements had enabled him to enlist eight 
 hundred men " at the tap of the drum," feeling indignant that he had been 
 superseded by a captain whose war record, though good, was less brilliant 
 than his own, remained with his command at Medford, and when ordered by 
 General Folsom to report his regiment, ignored the order as not being imder 
 his authority. 
 
 It must be remembered that in this transitional period civil affairs were 
 in great confusion. The royal authority had been repudiated, but no colonial 
 government established to maintain order and command obedience. A con- 
 vention had been held at Exeter in which parts of the colony were not rep- 
 resented. The people in the northern and western sections, fearing lest 
 the influence of the Governor and his friends might induce the patriots who 
 controlled the convention to temporize and hesitate to repel force by force, 
 held county congresses at Amherst, Keene, and Concord, which, like the 
 convention at Exeter, had no legal authority but the will of the people. 
 Nevertheless they acted promptly and wisely for the protection of society 
 against disorganization and disorder, and when the war cloud burst upon 
 them, the men represented in these county assemblies did not stand upon 
 the order of their going, but at their own sweet will hastened to the place of 
 danger without asking leave of any convention. Old Derryfield, the home 
 of Stark, was not represented in the Exeter convention, for every male citi-
 
 3O THE STATUE OF GENERAL JOHN STARK. 
 
 zen but two fit to bear arms, including town officers, was at the front with 
 his leader, waiting for the great opening battle of the war. There was 
 nobody left to elect and nobody to be elected. Possibly these facts and the 
 independent action of Stark, coupled with his great personal popularity, un- 
 consciously influenced the action of the noble and patriotic men who com- 
 posed the New Hampshire convention ; but they had yet something more to 
 learn of the character and power of the man whom they would suppress. 
 
 On his failure to recognize the officer by whose elevation he felt humili- 
 ated, he was ordered to report to the convention in person. He obeyed the 
 summons and appeared in the assembly, where he was kept waiting for some 
 hours wasted on trifles. At length he rose, and addressing the speaker said, 
 if they had any business with him it must be attended to at once, as his reg- 
 iment required his attention at Cambridge. The speaker, assuming to have 
 forgotten about it, replied : " We have agreed to raise three regiments, and 
 have appointed Folsom to command the first, and appoint him brigadier- 
 general, Poor his lieutenant-colonel, and you to command the second." 
 Stark coolly inquired "if they had any way of making a child that was born 
 to-day older than one that was born six weeks ago," and stalked proudly 
 out of the convention. A committee was sent to recall him, but he refused 
 saying to the committee " if they could not arrange the business, he would 
 bring a committee in three days that would do it effectually." He was made 
 colonel of the first regiment and returned to Cambridge, but never recog- 
 nized Folsom as commander of the brigade. 
 
 This question was soon settled, however, as General Folsom was elected 
 to Congress and General Sullivan appointed to the command of the New 
 Hampshire troops as a part of the Continental army. 
 
 When the English veterans inaugurated civil war by spreading their ban- 
 ners and marching to Concord for the destruction of a few supplies, and had 
 been chased into Boston by the maddened farmers whom they affected to 
 despise, it will be remembered that an allied army of volunteers from all the 
 New England States gathered about the city in a semi-circle extending from 
 Dorchester to Charlestown, and held them impounded in the town. The 
 New Hampshire regiments were located at Medford and Charlestown neck, 
 on the extreme left of this unorganized force of patriots. At length, when 
 the British army had been largely re-enforced bythe arrival of troops from 
 Ireland, and the committee of safety had learned that General Gage pro- 
 posed to break through their lines on the left and devastate the country be- 
 hind them, they recommended to the council of war that Bunker Hill should
 
 THE DEDICATION. 3! 
 
 be put in a state of defence. A council of war was held, and as a result 
 Colonel Prescott, with about a thousand men, marched on the night of the 
 i6th of June to the heights, threw up a redoubt on Breed's Hill, and 
 strengthened it by a breastwork running about twenty rods northerly from 
 the northeast angle of the redoubt. On the morning of the i;th the inade- 
 quate force of Colonel Prescott was materially reduced by the return to 
 Cambridge of many of his undisciplined forces. To satisfy the demand of 
 the hungry, weary men who remained, two hundred men under Lieutenant- 
 Colonel Wyman were ordered to their support from the regiment of Colonel 
 Stark. These, added to the company of Captain Dow in Prescott's regiment, 
 and to the volunteers from our State in other regiments, that were ordered up 
 with Prescott, made more than three hundred New Hampshire soldiers then 
 at the front. A little later Colonel Stark, accompanied by Major McClary, 
 rode on to the hill. Running his experienced eye over the field and study- 
 ing its possibilities for a brief period, with the prescience of military genius 
 he foresaw the struggle that was to come, and putting spurs to his steed 
 hastened back to Medford, called out his regiment, distributed to each man 
 a portion of the ammunition captured at the reduction of Fort William and 
 Mary, and waited for the call which he knew must come. From morning 
 till noon the war vessels which encircled the peninsular and the battery on 
 Copp's Hill thundered upon the heights where the undaunted Prescott and 
 his devoted men waited in anxious silence the gathering storm. 
 
 From one till three the British forces, three thousand strong, and proud 
 of the honor of invincibility won on many a field of victory, were gathering at 
 Moulton's and at other points along the shore, for the shock of battle. Wy- 
 man, with his two hundred men from New Hampshire and a few companies 
 of Massachusetts, was withdrawn from Charlestown and placed upon the 
 right of the redoubt. As the enemy began to advance Colonel Prescott or- 
 dered three several detachments to oppose their right wing, retaining, as he 
 wrote John Adams, only about one hundred and fifty with him in the re- 
 doubt. It is reasonable to suppose that a large number of these were his 
 devoted friends from Hollis and other towns in the vicinity of Pepperell. 
 We should infer this also from the number of the New Hampshire men 
 killed and wounded in this regiment. At two o'clock Colonel Stark received 
 an order from General Ward to re-enforce the command of Colonel Prescott. 
 Reed being encamped near the neck was already upon the heights, and had 
 ranged his regiment of over five hundred men to the left of Captain Knowl- 
 ton, who held the extreme right of the rail fence.
 
 32 THE STATUE OF GENERAL JOHN STARK. 
 
 Colonel Stark, whose military instincts had been disciplined by the 
 severest experience, saw that a great battle, without plan or preparation, 
 and with no presiding genius to direct its progress, had been forced upon 
 the best soldiers of Europe, and realized the peril of the situation. But at 
 his best in the extremity of danger, calm and reflective as always under the 
 greatest responsibilities, he moved deliberately from Medford to Charles- 
 town that the seven hundred veterans and hunters whom he was consciously 
 leading to their first obstinate grapple of civil war might not be infected 
 with the general panic and confusion, and that he might inspire them with 
 something of the cool courage of his own lion heart. He knew that the 
 impending battle could be no running of the gauntlet of blood as at Lex- 
 ington, but a steady test of the manhood and patriotic convictions of 
 the men who fought. On reaching the neck his regiment was arrested 
 by a rabble of volunteers who could not be forced through the storm 
 of grape and canister which raked the narrow passage, and Major McClary, 
 the pride and hope of the regiment, marching now to his first and last 
 battle, rode forward and requested the commanders to advance or open 
 and let them pass. They opened and Colonel Stark led his men with 
 measured step across the dangerous pass. Captain Dearborn, afterwards 
 so greatly prominent in the civil and military history of the country, march- 
 ing at the side of the colonel, suggested that they, should quicken their 
 movement. Turning with a look of preternatural calmness and exaltation, 
 he said, " Dearborn, one freshman inaction is worth ten fatigued ones," 
 and moved slowly on. Arriving at the summit a little in advance of the bat- 
 tle, he made a patriotic address to his men, and directing them to give three 
 cheers, led them to the left of the line. There his regiment, co-operating 
 with the heroic men upon their right, strengthened their defences by doub- 
 ling the rail fence in front and stuffing the intervening space with new-mown 
 hay. Glancing over the field, Stark divined the purpose of Lord Howe to 
 out-flank our left wing by way of the Mystic and to crush our forces by a sim- 
 ultaneous attack in front and rear. With the quick resource of genius he 
 ordered the removal and re-erecting of a low stone wall between the rail fence 
 and the waters of the river, and behind this, posted Capt. John Moore and 
 his men from Amoskeag, the quality of whose courage he knew was as un- 
 yielding as the wall itself. He then forbade any man to fire till the col- 
 umn of infantry should come within eight rods of the wall, and the men at 
 the rail fence he directed to lie quiet till they could see the half-gaiters of 
 the grenadiers. " Fire low and aim at their waistbands," rang out the clear
 
 THE DEDICATION. 33 
 
 voice of McClary. The men behind the fence and the wall were trained marks- 
 men and their aim was deadly. They wasted no ammunition that day. Un- 
 der an incessant fire from the artillery, the column of infantry moved 
 slowly along the sandy beach, and the heavy grenadiers, led by Lord Howe 
 in person, advanced with a confident assurance that the frightened rebels 
 would run at their approach. 
 
 As there was no officer who had the right of supreme command of all 
 colonial forces in the battle of Bunker Hill, the duty fell upon the highest 
 officer of each colony to fight the men under his immediate control. As 
 General Folsom did not arrive until after the battle, the command of all the 
 forces between the breastwork and the river, except one hundred and 
 twenty from Connecticut and two squads under Lieutenant-Colonel Robin- 
 son and Major Wood, fell upon Stark as senior colonel. To his experienced 
 eye it was early apparent that the supreme shock of battle was to be upon 
 his command, with the intent of breaking through the line by an over- 
 whelming assault and crushing the patriot force between an upper and 
 nether millstone of English power. The enemy, deployed in line of battle 
 and defiantly flaunting their banners, advanced with a ceaseless roll of mus- 
 ketry. But it was as still as the grave behind the rail fence till the fatal 
 line was reached ; then at the word of command a sheet of flame blazed 
 along the line and death swept down the ranks of the proud oppressor as 
 with the blast of a sirocco. Decimated and bleeding, they turned and fled 
 to the shore. These proud and valiant men of Britain, stunned but not 
 conquered, re-formed and hurled themselves again against the " party of 
 Hampshire, half-organized and wretchedly equipped," whom it has been the 
 habit to " damn with faint praise," "but again they were dashed back like 
 waves from a rock in the sea. A third time they repelled their assailants. 
 But the third attack was less serious than the former, for Clinton had come 
 over with re-enforcements and the plan of battle was changed. In this Lord 
 Howe, as has been said, made a third onset upon the forces of Stark and 
 was driven back as before with great slaughter, but the more fierce and 
 obstinate charge was now made by Clinton and Pigot upon the redoubt. 
 Here Prescott and his immortal band fought with a heroism that would 
 have added new honors to the three hundred at Thermopylae, and it was 
 only when their ammunition was exhausted and they could no longer repel 
 with clubbed muskets the foe that swarmed into the intrenchments, that 
 they cut their way through the maddened crowd and began the retreat.
 
 34 THE STATUE OF GENERAL JOHN STARK. 
 
 The left wing that had annihilated the far-famed light infantry upon the 
 pebbly beach of the Mystic, broken the spell of British invincibility, and 
 covered themselves with a glory that can never fade, seeing that the redoubt 
 had been carried, in the absence of bayonets or powder, clubbed their mus- 
 kets and followed their dauntless leaders without haste and without disor- 
 der, covering the broken remnant of the redoubt and the skulking re-enforce- 
 ment on Bunker Hill, who like spectators in the amphitheatre had gazed up- 
 on the bloody struggle in the arena below, furnishing neither the aid nor the 
 supplies that would have given victory to the American arms. Fortunately 
 for history, some of these suffered in the retreat and thenceforth claimed 
 for their regiments the honors of the battle. 
 
 I would not abate but enhance rather the fame of Prescott and Knowl- 
 ton and the heroic men whom they led, but to the military genius of John 
 Stark and the dogged courage and skilled marksmanship of more than 1,400 
 New Hampshire veterans and hunters who fought that day, I am confident 
 impartial history will award the merit of giving to that defeat all the results 
 of a great victory. The suppression of facts and the undue exaltation of 
 subordinate parties have perverted the record in the interests of persons and 
 States to whom and to which the chief honors of the day do not belong ; but 
 the reiteration of assertions that in their origin had no reliable authority, 
 however decorated by pomp and pageantry and the eloquence of eulogy, 
 cannot permanently escape the scrutiny of impartial history. 
 
 The New Hampshire troops, of all which had hastened to the aid of 
 Massachusetts, were the only ones other than those of his own State who 
 had been put under the immediate command of General Ward, and being on 
 the extreme left of the line near Charlestown, and not being needed to repel 
 the threatened attack upon Cambridge and Roxbury, it was natural that 
 they should have been sent to the aid of Prescott. 
 
 The work of Stark's neighbors from Amoskeag, whom he had placed 
 behind the stone wall by the Mystic to baffle Howe's purpose to flank our 
 army, was the most deadly of all the carnage of that bloody day, " ninety- 
 six dead bodies being piled on the beach, besides those who were merely 
 wounded, of the light infantry who were expected to carry off the laurels of 
 victory." A letter from an officer of the royal army says : " As we ap- 
 proached, an incessant stream of fire poured from the rebel lines ; it seemed 
 a constant sheet of fire for thirty minutes. Our light infantry was served 
 up in companies against the grass fence without being able to penetrate ; in- 
 deed, how could we penetrate? Most of our grenadiers and light infantry
 
 THE DEDICATION. 35 
 
 the moment of presenting themselves lost three fourths and many nine 
 tenths of their men. Some had only eight and nine in a company left ; 
 some only three, four, and five." 
 
 With such execution it is not surprising that the New Hampshire 
 regiments had only eighteen men killed and ninety-three wounded. Our 
 unerring marksmen drove the angel of death into the ranks of the enemy by 
 their cool intrepidity. 
 
 The royal forces were not in a condition to follow our men beyond the 
 neck. The New Hampshire troops retreated to Winter Hill, where they con- 
 structed defences of great strength. A writer in Sillimari's Journal, speak- 
 ing of the defences erected about Boston at this time, says : " Nothing but 
 the enthusiasm of liberty could have enabled the men of America to con- 
 struct such works. In history they are equaled only by the lines and forts 
 raised by Julius Caesar to surround the army of Pompey." 
 
 During the siege between the retreat from Charlestown and the retreat 
 from Boston a portion of Stark's officers and men volunteered on the disas- 
 trous expedition into Canada under Arnold. Of this number was Captain 
 Dearborn, afterwards a major-general in the war of 1812 and secretary of 
 war. But Stark remained and took an active and honorable part in the 
 events of that painful period of suspense. 
 
 The second Continental Congress, which had met at Philadelphia in 
 May, had before the battle of Bunker Hill voted to raise an army of twenty 
 thousand men, and adopted the troops at Boston as a Continental army. 
 On the i5th of June George Washington was elected commander-in-chief, 
 and subordinate general officers were appointed to assist him to organize the 
 forces and prosecute the war. John Sullivan, of New Hampshire, was made 
 a brigadier-general and succeeded to the command which General Folsom 
 dropped on being elected to Congress. This seemed to be a happy settle- 
 ment of the difficulty which had arisen in the colonial organization of the 
 New Hampshire troops. 
 
 On the 3d of July General Washington took command of the army at 
 Cambridge and began in earnest to reorganize and discipline his forces with 
 the intent of forcing the evacuation of Boston. As Washington's forces 
 and resources strengthened, he pushed the siege with great vigor and finally 
 erected works on Dorchester Heights which put the city at his mercy. A 
 storm having frustrated Howe's plans for dislodging the rebels, he came to 
 a tacit understanding with Washington that he would evacuate the city on a 
 specified day without harm to persons or property if the cannonading ceased.
 
 36 THE STATUE OF GENERAL JOHN STARK. 
 
 As the time expired without any movement, Washington determined to 
 carry the town by assault. He massed a strong force, covered by the bat- 
 teries on Dorchester Heights, to enter the city by way of Roxbury Neck, 
 and ordered Colonel Stark to transport his forces on rafts and carry the 
 battery on Copp's Hill. Colonel Stark directed his wife Elizabeth, whom 
 he facetiously called Molly, and who was on a visit to his camp, to mount a 
 horse and if the troops were fired upon to ride into the country and arouse 
 the people. She saw her husband lead his troops up the heights and take 
 the battery. They found the guns loaded and lighted matches lying beside 
 them, but the enemy had fled to their ships. 
 
 Washington led his army over the neck and took possession of the town, 
 freed at last from the ravages and tyranny of British hirelings. 
 
 Colonel Stark was then ordered to proceed with two regiments to New 
 York and aid in completing the defences of the city. He remained here till 
 May, 1776, when he was directed to march to Canada by way of Albany. 
 He came up with the army at St. John and proceeded thence to Sorel. 
 General Sullivan, in command of the Canadian expedition after the death of 
 General Thomas, determined, on the arrival of re-enforcements, to attack the 
 enemy at Three Rivers, in the hope of retrieving the fortunes of the cam' 
 paign. Stark advised strongly against it in the council of war, but being 
 overruled gave to the unfortunate movement his best efforts, in obedience to 
 his controlling sense of military duty. Retreat became necessary, and it 
 was conducted with great skill. Colonel Stark and his staff were the last to 
 leave St. John, just as the vanguard of the enemy entered its smoking ruins. 
 
 The army proceeded to Crown Point, but Colonel Stark's regiment was 
 stationed on the opposite side of the lake. General Schuyler and the gen- 
 eral officers decided to evacuate Crown Point and retreat to Ticonderoga, 
 but Colonel Stark and the other field officers remonstrated against it in a 
 written memorial to the general. The sequel confirmed the judgment of the 
 subordinate officers. 
 
 The day after reaching Ticonderoga the declaration of independence 
 was read to the army and welcomed with shouts of approval. 
 
 General Gates, on assuming command of the N orthern army, gave Col- 
 onel Stark the command of a brigade and ordered him to clear and fortify 
 a mountain christened Independence in honor of the action of Congress. 
 
 The campaign on the Northern frontier having closed, several regi- 
 ments, including Colonel Stark's, were detached to re-enforce General 
 Washington, whose small army, smitten by successive defeats, had dwin-
 
 THE DEDICATION. 37 
 
 died to a mere handful and was now slowly retreating before a powerful 
 and exultant foe. This was one of the darkest hours of the war. The 
 Northern campaign had failed. The forces of Washington had fought with 
 desperation against fearful odds, but thousands had fallen in battle or were 
 languishing in deadly prison ships in New York harbor. Despairing of 
 success, the volunteers whose terms were expiring refused to re-enlist, and 
 the regulars deserted. At this gloomy juncture, Stark marched his ill-clad, 
 ill-shod force with bleeding feet to the rescue of the little army struggling to 
 maintain a foot-hold upon the Delaware, and materially aided in securing 
 two victories, which Frederick the Great pronounced the most brilliant of 
 any recorded in the annals of military performances. 
 
 On being asked in a council of war before the battle of Trenton to give 
 his views, Stark replied : "You have long been accustomed to place de- 
 pendence upon spades and pickaxes for safety, but if you ever mean to es- 
 tablish the independence of the United States you must teach them to place 
 dependence upon their fire-arms and their courage. " " This is what we 
 have agreed upon," said Washington. " We are to march to-morrow upon 
 Trenton. You are to command the right wing of the advanced guard and 
 General Greene the left." " I could not have been assigned to a more accep- 
 table station," was the reply of Stark. It was a moment of extreme peril. 
 Cornwallis was approaching with a large force of veterans to crush this 
 "forlorn hope" of hunted patriots. The cause and the country were at 
 stake. The term of enlistment of the New Hampshire regiments had ex- 
 pired and their retention was indispensable to success in the issue of the 
 approaching battles. Stark appealed to the patriotism of the men from the 
 Granite Hills, reminded them of their splendid record at Bunker Hill and 
 in Canada, and pledged his private property for the payment of arrears. 
 By his great influence and personal popularity every man re-enlisted for 
 six weeks. 
 
 Washington realized that the tide of fortune must be turned or all was 
 lost, and in all his career the qualities of the great commander never shone 
 more brightly than in the conception of the battles of Trenton and Prince- 
 ton, and by committing the execution of his skillful plans to his ablest and 
 most trusted leaders, he organized victory out of the conditions of despair 
 and turned back discomfited a powerful and disdainful foe. The resistless 
 charge of the New Hampshire regiments, inspired by the cool heroism of 
 their leader, contributed in no small degree to the splendid results. " I must 
 not withhold," says a participant in the battle, " due praise to the dauntless
 
 38 THE STATUE OF GENERAL JOHN STARK. 
 
 Stark, who dealt death wherever he found resistance and broke down all 
 opposition before him." 
 
 The moral effect of these victories was marvelous. Public opinion was 
 suddenly revolutionized. Despair gave place to exultant hope, and the 
 militia flocked by thousands to the standard of Washington. Stark contin- 
 ued with the army till it went into winter quarters, and then returned to New 
 Hampshire to recruit a new regiment, as the term of his old one had expired. 
 His personal popularity and recognized merits as a commander enabled him 
 to raise a full regiment by March, 1777, which fact he communicated to 
 Washington and to the council of New Hampshire and went immediatly to 
 Exeter to receive instructions from the authorities of the State. While there 
 he learned that a new list of promotions had been made in which his name 
 had been omitted and junior officers advanced over him. His proud spirit 
 was deeply wounded by a sense of injustice. No man, in the army had won 
 the right to advancement by more exalted services. No man had served 
 the country with a more lofty and constant patriotism. No man had sacri- 
 ficed private interests to the public welfare more completely, and few had 
 devoted larger gifts to the cause of national freedom, and his unbending 
 will would not allow him to be subordinated by political trickery or to be 
 humiliated by official influence in Congress or the army, jealous because of 
 his exalted character and glorious achievements. In a dignified and manly 
 communication to the General Court of New Hampshire he resigned his 
 commission in the army, and on receiving the thanks of the assembly, retired 
 to the duties and pleasures of private life. While the letter expresses a deep 
 and indignant sense of personal wrong, it breathes throughout a spirit of the 
 purest and loftiest patriotism. To Generals Sullivan and Poor, who urged 
 him to remain in the army, his reply was that " an officer who would not 
 maintain his rank was unworthy to serve his country." 
 
 Notwithstanding his withdrawal from active service his interest was so 
 deep and controlling that he fitted out all his family and servants who 
 could bear arms and sent them to the front. This forced inactivity was of 
 short duration. Providence baffled the machinations of the men whose am- 
 bition and malice had driven him from the service. His native State, im- 
 periled by the approach of a powerful enemy, called for the unerring judg- 
 ment, the instinctive sagacity, the military genius, the large experience and 
 extraordinary power which he possessed to inspire his command with his 
 own resistless force and courage. In battle a handful became a host in the 
 command of Stark, and he could not be spared in the unequal contest to
 
 THE DEDICATION. 39 
 
 which they were driven and in which the Continental army was powerless 
 to help. The homes and firesides of New Hampshire and her grants were 
 to be rescued from ravage and plunder, and spurning the leaders who had 
 wronged and insulted him, he obeyed the call of his own people, whose 
 property, liberty, and lives were at stake, and under the sole authority of the 
 State, planned and executed a campaign which saved New England and 
 the country from annihilation, reversed the action of Congress, and com- 
 pelled the bestowal of honors unjustly withheld. 
 
 Parliament, at last awakened to the danger of losing her American col- 
 onies, determined to supply forces and means sufficient to crush the rebel- 
 lion in the campaign of 1777, and so far as any human eye can see, the pur- 
 pose would have been consummated but for Stark and the New Hampshire 
 militia at Bennington. Washington was driven from post to post, and his 
 troops defeated in every great battle of the season. Congress fled from 
 Philadelphia and it was taken by the British army and held as their winter 
 quarters. At the North a veteran army of ten thousand men under Bur- 
 goyne had driven the Americans from Ticonderoga, and after an obstinate 
 resistance had crushed the rear of the flying patriots at Hubbardston, Vt. 
 
 Desirous of resting his men and replenishing his supplies before falling 
 upon the depleted forces at Fort Edward, Burgoyne sent a detachment of 
 six or seven hundred Germans, Canadians, Indians, and Tories, under Col- 
 onel Baum, "to ravage the New Hampshire grants for supplies of cattle, 
 horses, and carriages, to test the affections of the country, disconcert the 
 councils of the enemy, and fill up the ranks of the Tories." The defences of 
 New England had fallen and her soldiers were absent in the field, and hence 
 a widespread fear of impending horrors seized upon the people. The danger 
 was most imminent to New Hampshire, and though her resources and her 
 credit seemed exhausted, John Langdon, the patriot and statesman, after 
 making a stirring address to the general assembly, in which he pledged his 
 private property for the expenses of the expedition, proposed that they 
 should send a brigade of the militia under " our old friend Stark to stop the 
 progress of the enemy 'on our Western frontier." The proposition was 
 received with great favor. 
 
 Stark was sent for and accepted the command on the condition that he 
 was to have the sole power to direct the expedition according to his own 
 judgment, and to be responsible to no authority but that of the State. The 
 terms were accepted, and in a few days he proceeded to Charlestown and 
 sent forward his men, as they came in, to Colonel Warner, who had com-
 
 4O THE STATUE OF GENERAL JOHN STARK. 
 
 mand of the troops of the grants at Manchester. General Stark soon joined 
 his command at this place. General Lincoln appeared at Manchester about 
 the same time with an order from General Schuyler to conduct these new 
 recruits to Stillwater. Stark peremptorily declined to allow the order to be 
 executed, as he held his commission from the State and not from Congress. 
 Congress censured him for the refusal, but he regarded the censure with 
 supreme indifference. He knew that his course was dictated by a better 
 knowledge of the situation and by sounder views of the military necessities 
 of the times than were those of Congress, and he could afford to wait. 
 
 Stark having learned >that the enemy were intent on capturing the sup- 
 plies stored at Bennington, moved his brigade to that place. On the i3th of 
 August, having been informed that the enemy were advancing upon the 
 town, Stark hastily collected all the militia in the vicinity and consolidated 
 them with his brigade. He also despatched couriers to Manchester for 
 Warner's and Emerson's men to move forward. Fortunately, these men, 
 being delayed, arrived at a moment of great peril on the day of the battle. 
 On the morning of the i4th Stark moved with his entire force to the aid of 
 Colonel Gregg, whom he had previously sent out to confront a vanguard of 
 Indian scouts. He soon met Gregg retiring before Baum's entire army. 
 Stark threw his men into a line of battle and awaited the onset. The enemy 
 perceiving that the patriots were intending to fight, halted on a command- 
 ing position and began to intrench. As the situation was unfavorable, Stark 
 retreated for a mile, hoping to draw the enemy after him ; but as they would 
 not move, the day was spent in skirmishing. On the i5th it rained violently 
 all day and fighting was impossible, but it gave Baum an opportunity to per- 
 fect his defences and to send for re-enforcements. An additional detachment 
 of Germans, under Colonel Breyman, was detailed to the assistance of 
 Baum, but arrived too late for the first battle. 
 
 At one o'clock on the morning of the i6th the camp was awakened by 
 the arrival of the troops from Massachusetts. Those from Pittsfield were 
 led by their pastor, Rev. Thomas Allen, a lineal descendant of one of Crom- 
 well's Ironsides. He went immediately to headquarters, and addressed the 
 general as follows : " The people of Berkshire have often turned out to 
 fight the enemy but have not been permitted to do so. We have resolved if 
 you do not let us fight now never to come again. " 
 
 " Would you go now, in this dark, rainy night ? " said Stark. 
 
 " No," was the answer. 
 
 " Then go to your people, tell them to rest if they can, and if God sends
 
 THE DEDICATION. 4! 
 
 us sunshine to-morrow and I do not give you fighting enough I will never 
 call upon you to come again." 
 
 They could rely on Stark to satisfy their hunger for a fight. 
 
 On the morning of the i6th the bright sun looked down upon some 
 seventeen hundred Americans lately mustered from peaceful homes and all 
 unused to the shock and carnage of war. Having complied with the order 
 to dry and cleanse their arms and take rations, they were carefully reviewed 
 by Stark and the brave Warner, who was acting as a staff officer to the gen- 
 eral. At midday the patriots were massed, and the general, leaping to the 
 top rail of some sliding bars by which he was standing, and steadying him - 
 self by a tall post, made this immortal speech : " Now, my men, there are 
 the Hessians ; they were bought for seven pounds ten pence a man. Are 
 you worth more? Prove it. To-night the American flag floats over yonder 
 hill or Molly Stark sleeps a widow." Then throwing their knapsacks, 
 jackets, and baggage into a heap they advanced to the fight. Colonel Her- 
 rick, three hundred strong, was ordered to move around the enemy by the 
 right flank, and Colonel Nichols, with three hundred and fifty men, by the 
 left, and uniting, to hurl their forces upon the rear of the Hessians; Colonels 
 Stickney and Hobert were directed to take two hundred men, with corn 
 husks in their hats to distinguish them from their antagonists in the grand 
 melee, conceal them in a corn-field till the decisive moment, and then fall 
 upon the hated Tories. Stark, with the reserve in front, marched several 
 times around a hill and consumed the time in other meaningless evolutions 
 to divert the attention of the enemy. At length, about three o'clock, Nichols 
 and Herrick united their forces, and the thunder of their guns gave the 
 signal of attack. Immediately the Americans advanced, and an incessant 
 roll of musketry was heard on all sides for an hour. 
 
 Suddenly a terrific explosion within the redoubt shook the hill and sent 
 blinding smoke and flying fragments over the combatants. There was an 
 involuntary lull in the battle, but quickly comprehending that the tumbrel of 
 the Hessians had exploded, the patriots gave a cheer, and clubbing their 
 guns dashed over the parapet like a whirlwind. The heroic Baum fought 
 like a lion, but he received a mortal wound and his panic-stricken followers 
 fled, but they were met by the reserve and overpowered. The Tories fought 
 with desperation, but were defeated and nearly all taken prisoners. The 
 German dragoons battled with the courage of veterans, but conquered by 
 the sustained grit of the militia were forced to fly with the loss of all their 
 artillery and baggage. The victory was overwhelming, but the Americans, 
 unaccustomed to discipline, scattered in search of booty. 
 
 6
 
 42 THE STATUE OF GENERAL JOHN STARK. 
 
 At this moment distant firing was heard on the Cambridge road, and 
 soon the tidings spread that a body of Hessians under Breyman were ad- 
 vancing to the help of Baum. The fugitive Germans rallied and the battle 
 was renewed. The militia who could be rallied fought with unflinching 
 courage but without unity of purpose, and were being gradually driven 
 back when Warner's and Emerson's men, who did not arrive in season for 
 the first struggle, suddenly advanced and plunged into the fight. The con- 
 test was bloody and obstinate, but the cannon of Breyman had gradually 
 pushed the Americans back toward the redoubt, when Stark and Warner, 
 having collected more of their men and brought the captured cannon of 
 Baum into use, gathered their forces in hand and made a splendid counter 
 charge which turned the tide of battle. The Hessians were forced back, 
 but contested every inch of ground. But the militia, swarming into the un- 
 dergrowth which skirted the clearing, made their line of retreat a gauntlet 
 of musketry. Soon the retreat became a rout and the exultant patriots 
 hunted the fugitives till darkness arrested the pursuit. 
 
 Thus two terrific battles were fought and two brilliant victories won in 
 one day by the man whom Congress did not deem worthy of promotion, and 
 whom it censured for not obeying an unauthorized summons which would 
 have defeated the campaign. Stark followed the dictates of the wisest mili- 
 tary policy, and his plan was approved by the commander-in-chief as soon as 
 it was made known. The results of these victories in prisoners and material 
 of war were of great value, but the moral effects were worth infinitely more. 
 The country was lifted from deep depression to exultant hope, and recruits 
 flocked to the standard of the Northern army in the expectation of a speedy 
 triumph. The drift of the war was reversed and Congress hastened to pass 
 a vote of thanks to Stark and his men and conferred the commission which 
 they had before refused. 
 
 The plan of the battle was conceived with a skill worthy of a Caesar, 
 and no Roman legion ever fought with more intense and sustained cour- 
 age than these raw recruits under the inspiration of their great leader. 
 Stark, on entering the redoubt and gazing upon the ruin his men had 
 wrought, remarked that they fought like fiends. Yes, said the dying Baum, 
 they fought more like fiends than soldiers. We are not surprised that the 
 commander, not given to exaggeration, should have said of this engagement 
 that it was " the hottest he had ever known, resembling a continual clap of 
 thunder."
 
 THE DEDICATION. 43 
 
 The policy of Stark removed all cattle and stores of provisions from the 
 reach of the enemy, cut off foraging parties, and forced the fatal battle of 
 the igth of September. On returning home Stark was welcomed and hon- 
 ored on all sides as the saviour of the people. On joining the army of Gates 
 at Stillwater he placed his command to the north of the enemy and cut off 
 his communication with Canada and Lake George. By this policy Bur- 
 goyne was starved into another defeat on the 7th of October, and on the 
 1 9th of the same month was compelled to surrender his whole army at Sara- 
 toga. This was the logical result of the victory at Bennington, and was the 
 beginning of the end. 
 
 A complete revolution had occurred in the opinions of Congress rela- 
 tive to the character and abilities of General Stark, and he was selected by 
 that body to conduct a secret and very important expedition into Canada 
 during the winter of 1777, but the scheme failed from causes over which the 
 general had no control. In the spring of 1778, he was given the command 
 of the Northern department, but later in the season was ordered to join 
 his friend, General Gates, in Rhode Island. He remained there during this 
 and the following year. The next season he joined Washington at Mor- 
 ristown and participated in the battle of Springfield in New Jersey. 
 
 During the summer he returned to New England to raise re enforce- 
 ments for the army at West Point. Soon after, he was ordered to relieve 
 General St. Clair at this place after Arnold's flight, and while there, it be- 
 came his painful duty to serve upon the court-martial which convicted 
 Major Andre. Gladly would he have let " this cup pass from him," but he 
 could not and so followed his duty and not his feelings. He was called upon 
 next to conduct a hazardous enterprise preliminary to a project which Wash- 
 ington had formed for taking Staten Island. He was eminently successful, 
 but the enterprise miscarried. 
 
 During the close of his military career General Stark united in a 
 powerful appeal to Congress to relieve the fearful distress oi the army, and 
 failing in this, an appeal was made to the States, but with no better success. 
 
 In 1781 General Stark was again assigned to the Northern department, 
 and was in command at Saratoga at the time of the surrender of Cornwallis 
 at Yorktown. As this was the virtual close of the war, the general dis- 
 missed the militia and retired to New England. He did not return to the 
 army in 1782 on account of broken health, but' at the request of Washington 
 visited the headquarters in 1783 and exerted his powerful influence to 
 allay the discontent of the army, which threatened the most serious conse- 
 quences.
 
 44 THE STATUE OF GENERAL JOHN STARK. 
 
 This is an epitome of the military career of a great commander. 
 
 On retiring from the army General Stark devoted himself with his ac- 
 customed assiduity to his extensive agricultural and lumbering interests, 
 and succeeded in amassing an amount of property respectable for that day, 
 and which he dispensed in a way appropriate to his high standing and char- 
 acter. As he advanced in years he developed that natural love for domestic 
 animals which has often been observed as a beautiful characteristic of the 
 great. He seems also, notwithstanding the distractions of his military life, 
 to have imbibed a taste for literature, especially for Johnson, Goldsmith, 
 and the Scotch poets. His integrity and purity were so austere, and his 
 democratic instincts so strong, that his private life became as phenomenal 
 as his public among those who knew him. Like Washington, he seems to have 
 carried a charmed existence. He passed fourteen years amid the scenes of 
 actual war, and was often compelled to lead and hold raw troops in the very 
 teeth of terrific battle, and yet was never wounded. In person he was of 
 medium height, broad-shouldered, and very athletic. His features were 
 prominent, and his eyes, of a greyish blue, flashed from beneath a bold, over- 
 hanging brow. His manners were simple, frank, and manly. He knew 
 little of the refinements of courts or the subtleties of the schools. His 
 career and character were the natural and noble product of extraordinary 
 gifts and passions, reared in the dangers and privations of frontier life, 
 and brought into action amid the perils and strenuous activities of a great 
 revolution of doubtful issues. His natural quickness of perception and clear 
 judgment, his military experience and self-control in danger, made his coun- 
 sel valuable and his services indispensable during the war. Taking a com- 
 prehensive grasp of the whole field, and seeing instantly the proper thing 
 to do, he was sometimes impatient of the delays and mistakes of smaller 
 men. He scented the approach of danger with a preternatural instinct, 
 and yet seems never to have experienced the sense of fear. His mental 
 processes were as logical on the front of battle as in the repose of home. 
 His will was supreme and master of all his powers, and yet, though always 
 self -centered, he would at times, when the frenzy of battle was upon him, 
 hurl himself and his forces upon an enemy with the swiftness and force of a 
 thunderbolt, and sweep down all impediments. He was remarkable through 
 life for his kindness and hospitality, especially to old companions and the 
 poor, but had little patience with the indolent and vicious. He was not trac- 
 table nor flexible ; never wept, and seldom smiled. He was too proud to 
 fawn and too direct and too downright to flatter.
 
 THE DEDICATION. 45 
 
 He gladly accepted the rank of major-general when conferred by Con- 
 gress in 1786, but would not sue for favors. I recall no one among the great 
 men of our Revolutionary period who was less a politician than General 
 Stark. Conscious like Caesar and Napoleon of intrinsic power, he would 
 not truckle to inferiors for position. He had sacrificed too much and 
 served the public too long and faithfully to be a sycophant, or to ask for 
 favors which the spontaneous gratitude of his country might not bestow. 
 
 As he advanced in years Madison, Jefferson, and others of the civil 
 founders of the republic recognized his great services and sent him touch- 
 ing tributes of fond remembrance. 
 
 Watching the development of the institutions he had helped to plant, 
 and pondering the Word of God, his years lengthened into more than four- 
 score and ten. At length he fell on sleep, and tender hands laid him to rest 
 by his loved Merrimack, and where the field slopes to the setting sun. At 
 his obsequies the loving husband, the tender father, the honored citizen, 
 and the stainless soldier was laid to rest with the insignia of public sorrow 
 by two generations born in the republic he had helped to found. To-day 
 the descendants of John Stark and the fathers of the revolution, the citi- 
 zens and soldiery of a fourth generation, and the government of the com- 
 monwealth unite to dedicate with appropriate ceremonies this memorial 
 statue, that generations yet to be may learn to love and emulate the virtues 
 and patriotism of our dead hero. 
 
 At the conclusion of Mr. Patterson's address, which was lis- 
 tened to with eager attention, another selection was rendered 
 by the band. The exercises were then concluded by the pre- 
 sentation of Mr. Allen Eastman Cross, the poet of the day. 
 
 POEM BY ALLEN EASTMAN CROSS. 
 JOHN STARK. 
 
 Upon its field of blue, 
 The little flag above our hero's grave 
 Had only thirteen stars but by its side, 
 As with a growing nation's conscious pride, 
 I saw another glorious banner wave; 
 
 Whose stars were forty-two.
 
 46 THE STATUE OF GENERAL JOHN STARK. 
 
 Such was our nation's growth ! 
 While, on its bannered staff the golden ball 
 Above the grander flag did symbolize 
 A nation's wealth, beneath God's smiling skies ; 
 Till ball and stars the nation seemed to call 
 
 To leave ungrateful sloth, 
 
 t 
 
 To share her golden store, 
 
 Like generous Morris, or with Langdon's hand ; 
 And ceasing false delay, commemorate 
 The herald founders of her future State, 
 Who dared with Freedom's torch or sword to stand 
 
 In her dark days of yore. 
 
 And should the nation mark 
 In marble memory these mighty men, 
 Or cast in bronze their deeds, or paint their scroll 
 To deck her halls of state, what stauncher soul, 
 More chivalric or dauntless, hath she then 
 
 Than gallant old John Stark! 
 
 John Stark, the ranger bold ! 
 Who, through the pathless wilds by Horicon, 
 Hath sped thrice forty miles, 'twixt sun and sun, 
 Ere succor from the distant fort is won ; 
 And this, for fellow comrades undergone 
 
 Amid the snow and cold ! 
 
 John Stark, the rallier ! 
 The brave recruiter, who hath left his mill, 
 And riding madly, leads the largest share 
 Of those that dare to fight for Country there 
 Behind the old rail fence on Bunker Hill, 
 
 And all for love of Her ! 
 
 John Stark, the volunteer ! 
 
 New Hampshire's general, by Congress shamed, 
 Robbed of his rank, who yet hath fought and won 
 A nation's crucial fight at Bennington, 
 And now is by his rescued Country named 
 
 The nation's brigadier.
 
 THE DEDICATION. 47 
 
 Then, let her shield the fame 
 Of him who shielded her in war's alarm ! 
 Then, must a nation rear his monument! 
 And let her place it where his life was spent 
 Her soldier citizen ! upon the farm 
 
 That bears his grave and name. 
 
 Beside the stream that fills 
 
 Our hands with labor and our hearts with joy 
 Which he hath also loved there let it stand; 
 And let its silent majesty command 
 Views of the hills he traversed from a boy. 
 
 This Hero of the Hills 1 
 
 So were it meet and good 
 The nation should his shrine of honor rear, 
 A patriot statue o'er a patriot's grave ! 
 But, since our ninth fair star he fought to save, 
 'Tis well his State should raise his statue here, 
 
 To mark her gratitude. 
 
 Here, at the Capital 
 
 New Hampshire's heart, whence beats her pulse of power! 
 New Hampshire's brain, where civic lore is laid, 
 And laws sustaining civil rights are made ! 
 Since civil power and rights are but the dower 
 
 Bequeathed by Stark to all ; 
 
 By Stark and Sullivan, 
 
 McClary, Langdon, Scammel, Poor, and Reed, 
 And all that roll of mighty men, bequeathed, 
 Whose names are with eternal honors wreathed, 
 Whose deeds, like voices of our mountains, plead 
 
 The liberties of man ; 
 
 Here, at the Capital, 
 Before the civic temple of our rights, 
 Which is the soldiers' battle shrine as well, 
 Within whose hall the martial banners tell 
 How men's heroic virtue still delights 
 
 To own their country's call ;
 
 48 THE STATUE OF GENERAL JOHN STARK. 
 
 Before this shrine of State, 
 Beside New Hampshire's other royal son, 
 Who hath defended with majestic word 
 What gallant Stark defended with his sword, 
 Our hero well may stand, since either one 
 
 Was but a sword of fate. 
 
 Aye, swords within God's hand ! 
 As men appointed of the Lord to ward 
 The one, with filial eloquence, the life 
 And hope of union in its civic strife, 
 And with a statesman's panoply to guard 
 
 The fortune of his land ; 
 
 The other, to defend 
 A nation's life upon an earlier field, 
 Bidding his stout heroic heart to lead 
 .New Hampshire forces to the nation's need, 
 And with a courage, called of God, to shield 
 
 Our courage to the end. 
 
 For, still our leader bold, 
 By blood and faith and inspiration high, 
 Commands New Hampshire hearts and leads us on, 
 As once he led our sires at Bennington, 
 And once again we raise the battle cry 
 
 And follow as of old. 
 
 Lead on, O gallant heart ! 
 New Hampshire follows, as the Scottish men 
 Beat back the "Infidels," when Douglas cried, 
 "Lead on, O heart of Bruce," and all replied, 
 " Fling forth the royal heart ! we follow then 
 
 Till life by death depart." 
 
 And victory crowned their zeal 
 And so it ever crowns the zeal of those 
 Who enter on a glorious crusade, 
 Calling diviner spirit to their aid, 
 And fighting loyally whate'er oppose 
 
 God and the common weal.
 
 THE DEDICATION. 49 
 
 Then, raise the ancient ay! 
 The " Infidels" are pressing ! men who hate 
 The equal rights for which oar hero fought, 
 Who would enthrone their wealth, till men be bought 
 And sold as Hessian slaves, and all the State 
 
 In golden shackles lie. 
 
 'Gainst such, his heart we need ! 
 His courage like a flag to lead our eyes, 
 His spirit like an armour to equip, 
 Granting each heart its silent leadership, 
 TD1 only brave fraternity we prize, 
 
 And follow where it lead. 
 
 Aye, raise the cry once more, 
 " Lead on, O heart of Stark ! " We rally now 
 'Gainst all who dare to make our freedom vain, 
 'Gainst all who dare our nation's rights disdain, 
 'Gainst plutocrat or anarchist, may thou 
 
 Still lead us as of yore, 
 
 O'er systems, foul or dark, 
 O'er plotters, poor or proudly opulent, 
 O'er tyrants, from without or from within, 
 Come victory ! God's sons the fight must win, 
 If to the Lord of Hosts our prayer be sent, 
 
 " Lead on, O heart of Stark." 
 
 Immediately upon the conclusion of the poem, the guests 
 proceeded to the Eagle Hotel, where a banquet was served. 
 There was no speaking. Music was furnished by Blaisdell's 
 Orchestra. 
 
 The Amoskeag Veterans had a lunch served in their quar- 
 ters at Chase's HalL 
 
 The city was tastefully decorated, the State House being very 
 elaborately trimmed. The day was clear and bright, and the
 
 THE STATUE OF GENERAL JOHN STARK. 
 
 ceremonies passed off in perfect order, and were wholly in 
 keeping with the character of the hero whose plain, rugged per- 
 sonality was to be commemorated. It is to be hoped that this 
 recognition of the debt so tardily paid may serve as an inspira- 
 tion of a patriotic impulse and a noble sentiment that shall serve 
 in days of peril to produce another Stark, more heroic, if it can 
 be, than his Revolutionary prototype.
 
 APPENDIX.
 
 APPENDIX A. 
 
 JOINT RESOLUTION FOR THE ERECTION OF A STATUE OF 
 GENERAL JOHN STARK. 
 
 Resolved by the Senate and House of Representatives in General Court con- 
 vened : 
 
 That the Governor and Council be hereby directed to cause a statue to 
 General John Stark to be erected in an appropriate place to be by them 
 selected, in the State House yard, of a similar character, material, and work- 
 manship to the Webster statue now standing in said yard ; and that to meet 
 the expense thereof the Governor be authorized to draw his warrant upon the 
 treasury for a sum not exceeding twelve thousand dollars. 
 
 [Approved August 14, 1889.]
 
 APPENDIX B. 
 
 A contract made and concluded on this I7th day of June, 1890, between 
 the New England Granite Works, located at Hartford, in the State of Con- 
 necticut, a corporation existing under the laws of said State, and the State 
 of New Hampshire, represented by the Governor and Council, as follows, to 
 wit : That said Granite Company shall construct, build, and set up in the 
 State House yard in Concord, in said State of New Hampshire, at such place 
 in said yard as said Governor a'nd Council shall select and designate, a statue 
 of General John Stark, together with a foundation and pedestal therefor, 
 which foundation and pedestal shall be of materials specified, and con- 
 structed as stated in the specifications prepared and signed by John A. Fox, 
 architect, and hereto annexed ; that the statue of General Stark shall be of 
 bronze, of heroic size, and in design like the model presented to said Gover- 
 nor and Council by said Granite Company, and shall be designed by Charles 
 Conrads, the designer of said model ; that the material, workmanship, and 
 general design shall be like and of as good quality as that of the statue of 
 Daniel Webster now in said yard. 
 
 All of said work shall be done according to the plans accepted by said 
 Governor and Council, and completed on or before the first day of October, 
 1890; and for all of said work, when completed to the satisfaction of said 
 Governor and Council, the said Granite Company shall receive the sum of 
 eight thousand dollars in payment and satisfaction. 
 
 In testimony whereof the parties aforesaid have set their hands and seals, 
 on the day and year first before written, to this instrument and to a duplicate 
 hereof. 
 
 THE NEW ENGLAND GRANITE WORKS, 
 
 BY J. G. BATTERSOX, President. 
 THE STATE OF NEW HAMPSHIRE, 
 
 BY DAVID A. TAGGART, Acting as Governor . 
 
 E. C. SHIRLEY. 
 
 FRANK C. CHURCHILL. 
 Attest : 
 
 W. V. WIGHTMAN, Secretary. 
 
 SEAL ") 
 N. E. G. S 
 
 Works. )
 
 APPENDIX C. 
 
 Official invitations were issued by the committee to the following : 
 
 HIS EXCELLENCY DAVID H. GOODELL. 
 
 Hon. Charles H. Horton. 
 Hon. Edward C. Shirley. 
 Hon. William S. Pillsbury. 
 
 Gen. Elbert Wheeler. 
 Gen. Charles O. Hurlbutt. 
 Gen. Sylvester Little. 
 Gen. Paul Lang. 
 Gen. John H. Cutler. 
 
 EXECUTIVE COUNCIL. 
 
 Hon. Frank C. Churchill. 
 Hon. Sherburne R. Merrill. 
 
 GOVERNOR'S STAFF. 
 
 Col. Fred A. Palmer. 
 Col. Stephen S. Jewett. 
 Col. Daniel F. Healy. 
 Col. Edward M. Gilman. 
 
 NEW HAMPSHIRE CONGRESSIONAL DELEGATION. 
 
 Hon. Henry W. Blair. 
 Hon. William E. Chandler. 
 
 Hon. Alonzo Nute. 
 Hon. Orren C. Moore. 
 
 JUDGES. 
 
 Hon. Daniel Clark, 
 
 Judge of United States Dist. Court. 
 Chief Justice Charles Doe. 
 William H. H. Allen, 
 
 Judge of the Supreme Court. 
 Isaac W. Smith, 
 
 Judge of the Supreme Court. 
 Lewis W. Clark, 
 
 Judge of the Supreme Court. 
 
 Isaac N. Blodgett, 
 
 Judge of the Supreme Court. 
 Alonzo P. Carpenter, 
 
 Judge of the Supreme Court. 
 George A. Bingham, 
 
 Judge of the Supreme Court. 
 Hon. Daniel Barnard, 
 
 Attorney-General .
 
 APPENDIX. 
 
 STATE OFFICERS. 
 
 Hon. David A. Taggart, 
 
 President of the Senate. 
 Hon. Hiram D. Upton, 
 
 Speaker House of Representatives. 
 Hon. James W. Patterson, 
 
 Superintendent Public Instruction. 
 Col. Solon A. Carter, 
 
 State Treasurer. 
 Gen. Augustus D. Ayling, 
 
 Adjutant-General. 
 Clarence B. Randlett, 
 
 Acting Secretary of State. 
 James O. Lyford, 
 
 Bank Commissioner. 
 Alpheus W. Baker, 
 
 Bank Commissioner. 
 William A. Heard, 
 
 Bank Commissioner. 
 Hon. John C. Linehan, 
 
 Insurance Commissioner. 
 
 Henry M. Putney, 
 
 Railroad Commissioner. 
 John M. Mitchell, 
 
 Railroad Commissioner. 
 Col. John B. Clarke, 
 
 Public Printer. 
 Col. George W. Riddle, 
 
 Fish Commissioner. 
 Hon. Moses Humphrey, 
 
 Pres. State Board of Agriculture. 
 Dr. Granville P. Conn, 
 
 President State Board of Health. 
 Dr. Irving A. Watson, 
 
 Secretary State Board of Health. 
 George W. Colbath, 
 
 Warden of the State Prison. 
 Hon. Albert S. Batchellor, 
 
 State Historian. 
 William H. Kimball, 
 
 State Librarian. 
 
 EX-GOVERNORS OF NEW HAMPSHIRE. 
 
 Nathaniel S. Berry. 
 Frederick Smyth. 
 James A. Weston. 
 Person C. Cheney. 
 Benjamin F. Prescott. 
 
 Charles H. Bell. 
 Samuel W. Hale. 
 Moody Currier. 
 Charles H. Sawyer. 
 
 GOVERNORS OF OTHER STATES. 
 
 Gov. E. C. Burleigh, of Maine. 
 Gov. Carroll S. Page, of Vermont. 
 Gov. J. Q. A. Brackett, Massachusetts. 
 
 Gov. John W. Davis, Rhode Island. 
 Gov. M. G. Bulkeley, of Connecticut.
 
 APPENDIX. 
 
 57 
 
 UNITED STATES OFFICERS. 
 
 Gen. Joseph H. Potter, 
 
 United States Army. 
 Capt. J. M. Thompson, 
 
 United States Army. 
 
 Hon. Thomas P. Cheney, 
 
 United States Pension Agent. 
 
 DESCENDANTS OF GENERAL STARK. 
 
 Mrs. Albert Roby. 
 Dr. Solon Roby. 
 Mrs. Albert Tenney. 
 Mrs. Warren Campbell. 
 Mrs. Sarah Graves. 
 Mrs. Harriet Ames. 
 Mrs. Mary Marble. 
 Mrs. Charles Moore. 
 Mrs. Charles Stark. 
 C. F. M. Stark. 
 Miss Harriet Stark. 
 Thomas L. Hoit. 
 Mrs. Charlotte Sanborn. 
 Mrs. Henrietta Warland. 
 Mrs. Hiram Rand. 
 John Hoit. 
 
 Gen. George Stark. 
 Miss Eleanor Gamble. 
 Mrs. Susan Abbott. 
 John S. Kidder. 
 Joseph Kidder. 
 Nathan P. Kidder. 
 Samuel Kidder. 
 Augustus Stark. 
 John F. Stark. 
 Charles Stark. 
 Louis K. Stark. 
 Charles Kidder. 
 Frederick P. Marble. 
 Mrs. D. S. Dinsmoor. 
 Mrs. Elizabeth P. Stark. 
 
 OFFICERS OF THE DAY. 
 
 Hon. Harry Bingham, Vice-President. 
 O. E. Branch, Esq., Vice-President. 
 Parsons B. Cogswell, Secretary. 
 E. B. S. Sanborn, Esq., Secretary. 
 Rev. John Mason Button, Chaplain. 
 Allen Eastman Cross, Poet. 
 
 Col. Charles C. Danforth, Marshal. 
 Andrew Bunton, Aid. 
 W. H. D. Cochrane, Aid. 
 Chauncey H. Greene, Aid. 
 C. E. Clifford, Aid.
 
 APPENDIX. 
 
 BENNINGTON BATTLEFIELD ASSOCIATION. 
 
 Hon. W. G. Veazey. 
 Hon. S. E. Pingree. 
 Hon. Redfield Proctor. 
 Hon. W. P. Dillingham. 
 Hon. E. J. Phelps. 
 Hon. E. J. Ormsbee. 
 Hon. U. A. Woodbury. 
 Hon. H. G. Reed, 
 
 Hon. A. B. Valentine. 
 Hon. L. F. Abbott. 
 Hon. Oliver Scott. 
 Hon. M. C. Huling. 
 Hon. L. K. Fuller. 
 Hon. J. G. McCullough. 
 Hon. G. G. Benedict. 
 
 AKTISTS AND MECHANICS. 
 
 Carl Conrads, Sculptor. 
 James A. Fox, Architect. 
 Hon. James G. Batterson, 
 President New England Granite 
 Works, contractors for the work. 
 
 Hon. Aretas Blood, 
 Agent of the Manchester Locomo- 
 tive Works, founders of the statue. 
 R. Austin Robertson, 
 
 American Art Ass'n, New York. 
 
 NEW HAMPSHIRE DEPARTMENT GRAND ARMY OF THE REPUBLIC. 
 
 Hon. Thomas Cogswell. 
 George E. Hodgdon. 
 Everett B. Huse. 
 Almon J. Farrar. 
 George B. Lane. 
 M. M.Collis. 
 James F. Grimes. 
 Rev. James K. Ewer. 
 O. C. Wyatt. 
 A. S. Eaton. 
 
 George Farr. 
 M. A. Haynes. 
 W. H. Trickey. 
 D. J. Vaughan. 
 A. H. Bixby. 
 James E. Larkin. 
 Dr. Royal B. Prescott. 
 Alvin Burleigh. 
 C. R. Parsons. 
 
 OTHER DISTINGUISHED CITIZENS. 
 
 Hon. Jacob H. Gallinger. 
 Hon. Hiram A. Tuttle. 
 Hon. Luther F. McKinney. 
 Hon. Charles H. Amsden. 
 
 Hon. Warren F. Daniell. 
 
 James L. Locke. 
 
 Gen. Luther McCutchins.
 
 APPENDIX. 
 
 59 
 
 NEW HAMPSHIRE SOCIETY OF THE SONS OF THE REVOLUTION. 
 
 Sylvester Dana. 
 
 Lewis Downing, Jr. 
 
 Moses French. 
 
 Henry M. Fuller. 
 
 Samuel Lankton Gerould. 
 
 George C. Gilmore. 
 
 George W. Hill. 
 
 John Haven Hill. 
 
 John McClary Hill. 
 
 Isaac Weare Hammond. 
 
 Fred Leighton. 
 
 Charles Robert Morrison. 
 
 Leonard Allison Morrison. 
 
 Howard L. Porter. 
 
 Allan H. Robinson. 
 
 Hiram King Slay ton. 
 
 Charles Eastman Staniels. 
 
 Thomas Jefferson Weeks. 
 
 Worthen Denet Whittaker. 
 
 Joshua Gilman Hall. 
 
 John S. Kidder. 
 
 Hiram F. Newell. 
 
 Edward F. Smyth. 
 
 Daniel F. Straw. 
 
 John Waldron. 
 
 John Tapley Welch. 
 
 Thomas Wheat. 
 
 Charles Hubbard Wilson. 
 
 Edward C. Aiken. 
 
 William W. Bailey. 
 
 Mrs. Lydia Morrison Bennett. 
 
 Henry H. Buzzell. 
 
 Ada E. Crosby. 
 
 George H. Davis. 
 
 Reuben C. Danforth. 
 
 Isaac B. Dodge. 
 
 James A. Edgerly. 
 
 George Emerson. 
 
 Freeman A. Garland. 
 
 Frank H. George. 
 
 Henry O. Kent. 
 
 Joel F. Osgood. 
 
 Charles Langdon Tappan. 
 
 Mrs. Adelaide Cilley Waldron. 
 
 Abraham L. Williams. 
 
 Charles F. Hoyt. 
 
 Mrs. Annie M. Parker.' 
 
 Charles S. Parker. 
 
 Franklin R. Thurston. 
 
 William S. Briggs. 
 
 George Byron Chandler. 
 
 Thomas Cogswell. 
 
 Francis C. Faulkner. 
 
 Orrin D. Huse. 
 
 J. W. Lamson. 
 
 George Avery Leavitt. 
 
 Albert Judson Nay. 
 
 Christopher C. Shaw. 
 
 John W. Sturtevant. 
 
 Joseph B. Walker. 
 
 John Ballard. 
 
 Abraham Emerson. 
 
 James Swan Morrison. 
 
 John Hosley. 
 
 Bradbury Longfellow Cilley. 
 
 Harry Pearle Hammond. 
 
 William B. Stearns. 
 
 Dixi Crosby. 
 
 Josiah C. Eastman. 
 
 George N. Eastman.
 
 6o 
 
 APPENDIX. 
 
 Daniel Clark. 
 
 Amos Hadley. 
 
 Howard Fremont Hill. 
 
 Mrs. Rosalind Hammond Porter. 
 
 Arthur L. Meserve. 
 
 George F. Danforth. 
 
 James Mitchell. 
 
 John Kimball. 
 
 Eben Otis Garland. 
 
 Mrs. Adelaide C. Hayes Granger. 
 
 Judge Eugene O. Locke. 
 
 Sumner Adams Dow. 
 
 Mrs. Martha A. Safford. 
 
 Mrs. Mary Fitch Adams. 
 
 Mrs. Susan Fitch Morrison. 
 
 Albert Webster. 
 
 David Webster. 
 
 Edson C. Eastman. 
 
 Reuben E. Walker. 
 
 Henry H. Metcalf. 
 
 Hamilton Hutchins. 
 
 Hon. David Cross. 
 
 Allen Eastman Cross. 
 
 Joseph Kidder. 
 
 Mrs. Joseph Kidder. 
 Mrs. Angeline Ford Hall. 
 Mrs. John S. Kidder. 
 Rev. Nathan Franklin Carter. 
 Austin T. Fitch. 
 Judge Jeremiah Smith. 
 Samuel Folsome Patterson. 
 Gen. Joab Nelson Patterson. 
 Robert Shirley. 
 E. S. Nutter. 
 J. Frank Hoit. 
 Robert Morrison Dow. 
 John Chamberlin Ordway. 
 'Col. Clinton Albert Cilley. 
 William H. Straw. 
 Mrs. Sara J. Hammond. 
 Henry W. Herrick. 
 Elbridge P. Heath. 
 Marshall P. Hall. 
 Sophia B. Merrill. 
 Joseph Pinkham. 
 Joseph Barnard. 
 James Bartlett Edgerly. 
 Rev. Cassanda Gary Sampson. 
 
 NEW HAMPSHIRE HISTORICAL SOCIETY. 
 
 Francis L. Abbott. 
 
 Henry Abbott. 
 
 Clinton S. Averill. 
 
 Rev. F. D. Ayer. 
 
 Hon. George L. Balcom. 
 
 Dr. Jesse P. Bancroft. 
 
 Henry M. Baker. 
 
 Very Rev. John E. Barry. 
 
 James W. Bartlett. 
 
 Mrs. Caroline B. Bartlett. 
 
 E. R. Dow. 
 
 Mrs. Cora K. Bell. 
 Hon. John J. Bell. 
 Amos J. Blake. 
 Hon. Alvin Burleigh. 
 Mrs. Julia R. Carpenter. 
 Dr. William G. Carter. 
 Charles S. Cartland. 
 Horace E. Chamberlin. 
 Hon. George B. Chandler. 
 William M. Chase. 
 Harvey B. Cilley.
 
 APPENDIX. 
 
 61 
 
 Rev. W. R. Cochrane. 
 Ira Colby. 
 Charles R. Corning. 
 George N. Cross. 
 Gen. George T. Cruft. 
 Hon. Sylvester Dana. 
 Isaac B. Dodge. 
 Lewis Downing, Jr. 
 Hon. Samuel C. Eastman. 
 Charles F. Eastman. 
 Albert S. Eastman. 
 Alfred Elwyn, D. D. 
 Charles A. Farr. 
 John L. Farwell. 
 Francis C. Faulkner. 
 William P. Fiske. 
 Rev. James A. Fitts. 
 J. S. H. Frink. 
 John C. French. 
 Isaac K. Gage. 
 Enoch Gerrish . 
 Rev. J. B. Gilman. 
 John C. Goodenough. 
 S. C. Gould. 
 Mrs. M. L. Gove. 
 William H. Hackett. 
 Wallace Hackett. 
 Frank W. Hackett. 
 Daniel Hall. 
 J. R. Ham. 
 
 Mrs. M. W. Hammond. 
 Alma J. Herbert. 
 J. C. A. Hill. 
 EdsonJ. Hill. 
 Paul R. Holden. 
 Chester B. Jordan. 
 Samuel S. Kimball. 
 
 Mary E. Kimball. 
 
 B. A. Kimball. 
 
 Mrs. Myra T. Kimball. 
 
 John R. Kimball. 
 
 W. S. Ladd. 
 
 S. A. Ladd. 
 
 A. H. Ladd. 
 
 Mrs. J. C. Long. 
 
 Mrs. L. F. Lund . 
 
 A. S.Marshall. 
 
 A. O. Mathes. 
 
 J. N. McClintock. 
 
 Hon. W. H. Mitchell. 
 
 Hon. Mortimer L. Morrison. 
 
 Hon. John W. Noyes. 
 
 John P. Nutter. 
 
 Woodbridge Odlin. 
 
 Rev. J. E. Odlin. 
 
 George Olcott. 
 
 John C. Ordway. 
 
 Rev. E. G. Parsons. 
 
 L. W. Peabody. 
 
 John H. Pearson. 
 
 J. E. Pecker. 
 
 John T. Perry. 
 
 Parker Pillsbury. 
 
 Howard L. Porter. 
 
 Mrs. Alice R. Porter. 
 
 Myron J. Pratt. 
 
 A. J. Prescott. 
 
 Dexter Richards. 
 
 Henry Robinson. 
 
 W. H. Rollins. 
 
 Frank W. Rollins. 
 
 Mrs. Louisa J. Sargent. 
 
 D. F. Secomb. 
 
 Mrs. E. P. Schiitz.
 
 62 
 
 APPENDIX. 
 
 A. W. Silsby. 
 John B. Smith. 
 Edward Spalding. 
 Charles B. Spofford. 
 E. S. Stearns. 
 Mrs. Frances C. Stevens. 
 Mrs. Ellen T. Stevens. 
 L. D. Stevens. 
 H. W. Stevens. 
 W. S. Stevens. 
 Joseph A. Stickney. 
 Mrs. A. R. Tappan. 
 J. C. Thorne. 
 Titus S. Tredick. 
 
 A. S. Twitchell. 
 Mrs. E. L. Walker. 
 Dr. C. R. Walker. 
 Isaac Walker. 
 
 Dr. B. S. Warren. 
 Mark H. Wentworth. 
 John A. White. 
 
 B. B. Whittemore. 
 
 G. P. Little. 
 
 W. A. Ferguson. 
 
 Mrs. Anne E. Baer. 
 
 Mrs. Marion Smyth. 
 
 Walter H. Parker. 
 
 A. W. Sulloway. 
 
 Marshall P. Hall. 
 
 Charles T. Means. 
 
 Haven Palmer. 
 
 Joseph Pinkham. 
 
 Charles A. Sanders. 
 
 Henry A. Kimball. 
 
 Nathan Carter. 
 
 Albert E. Bodwell. 
 
 Mrs. Harriet N. Eaton. 
 
 Frank P. Andrews. 
 
 John E. Frye. 
 
 John T. Mahoney. 
 
 John Ballard. 
 
 Mrs. Annette M. R. Cressey. 
 
 J. C. A. Wingate.
 
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